DIC T10 N A RY 
OF 
MEDICAL SCIENCE: 
CONTAINING 
A FULL EXPLANATION OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS OF ANATOMY, 
PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL CHEMISTRY, PHARMACY, PHARMACOLOGY, THERA- 
PEUTICS, MEDICINE, HYGIENE, DIETETICS, PATHOLOGY, BACTERI- 
OLOGY, SURGERY, OPHTHALMOLOGY, OTOLOGY, LARYNGOLOGY, 
DERMATOLOGY, GYNECOLOGY, OBSTETRICS, PEDIATRICS, 
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, DENTISTRY, Etc. 
by 
ROBLEY DUNGrLISON, M. D., LL.D., 
* -»» 
Late Professor of Institutes of Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence in the Jefferson Medical 
College of Philadelphia, etc. 
TWENTY-FIRST EDITION, 
THOROUGHLY REVISED AND GREATLY ENLARGED, 
WITH THE 
PRONUNCIATION, ACCENTUATION, AND DERIVATION OF THE TERMS, 
BY 
RICHARD J. DUNGLISON, A.M., M.D. 
PHILADELPHIA: 
LEA BROTHERS & CO. 
1893. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1893, by 
LEA BROTHERS & CO., 
in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. All rights reserved. 
Westcott & Thomson, 
SterootypeTs and Electrolypers, Philada. 
William J. Dornan, 
Printer, Philada. PREFACE TO THE TWENTY-FIRST EDITION. 
Motives of affectionate memory and professional duty have sustained the Editor 
in the years of arduous labor absorbed in revising this Dictionary for its twenty- 
first edition. For nearly two generations it has been the recognized standard among 
English-speaking peoples in matters of medical terminology, and its undiminished 
vitality still reflects the peculiar fitness of Robley Dunglison for the vastly compli- 
cated task which he executed as the best work of his busy and productive life. 
Realizing that the Dictionary would survive him, the Author spared no 
pains to provide for its prolonged existence by training the Editor minutely in the 
methods which the experience of forty years had approved. This association 
began with the edition of 1857 and extended until 1869, when the Author's death 
left a considerable amount of manuscript which formed a basis for the thorough and 
complete revision made by the Editor in 1874. No test of utility could be proposed 
which would be more searching and conclusive than the continuous favor which that 
edition of the Dictionary has enjoyed during a period of unexampled activity in 
medicine and in all departments of its literature. How great this activity has been 
may appropriately be measured in the successive additions to a work covering the 
whole terminology of medicine. The six thousand subjects and terms added to the 
preceding edition were deemed worthy of special note; in the present edition the 
new subjects and terms aggregate by actual count more than forty-four thousand. 
This increase would itself fill a large volume, but by rigid condensation, by the 
omission of obsolete matter, and by an enlargement of the page the whole is accom- 
modated within the limits of a volume convenient for the hand. Quickness of 
reference and comfort for the eye have been consulted in every detail of typography. 
The great growth in matter has been paralleled by a development of the 
Author's fundamental purpose-namely, " to make the work not a mere lexicon of 
terms, but to afford under each a condensed view of its various medical relations, and 
thus to render the work an epitome of the existing condition of medical science." In 
the present edition this purpose has been extended in several important directions 
which may appropriately be mentioned here. 
Pronunciation is now for the first time introduced in the work. It is indicated 
throughout by a simple and obvious system of phonetic spelling, fully explained in 
the Introduction. The existing diversity in medical speech is to be deplored, but, 
fortunately, it can be removed by reference to a simple guide to the best usage. 
Accentuation is of course indicated. As stated in the title, the work is now a " pro- 
nouncing dictionary." 
V Derivation not only furnishes the greatest possible aid to the recollection of 
meanings, but also confers the power of analyzing and understanding new com- 
pounds. This feature has been greatly expanded, so that it now affords all the infor- 
mation which could be desired. In the derivations Greek words are given in English 
letters, and thus acquaintance with the Greek alphabet is rendered unnecessary as a 
key to the knowledge afforded by derivation. 
Definitions, full and clear, have always distinguished this work. This most valu- 
able feature of a dictionary has been elaborated in the present edition, especial care 
having been devoted to the addition of matter of practical value. Such information 
has been added throughout, but it may be well to mention a few of the classes into 
which it has been systematized for introduction : Chemical terms, formulce, properties ; 
Diseases, symptoms, treatment, and prognosis; Drugs, preparations, doses, effects; 
Medicinal plants, derivatives, effects; Poisons, symptopis, treatment, antidotes, etc. 
A vast amount of useful information, not otherwise easily accessible, will be found 
in the tables, which, for obvious reasons of convenience, have been incorporated 
alphabetically in the text. This feature also has been greatly elaborated, and new 
tables have been introduced wherever they might promote a clearer understanding 
of the subject. Examples may be found under the headings Antiseptic, Bacteria, 
Doses, Eruptive Diseases, Examination of Urine, Laryngeal Diseases, Localization 
of Lesions, Ptomaines and Leucomaines, Reflexes, Skin Diseases, etc. 
At a period when the coining of new terms is taking place every day, many 
of them destined to the most ephemeral existence, no lexicographer can flatter him- 
self that he has succeeded in collecting every word that has appeared in print; but 
the Editor hopes that the conscientious labor of years has not been fruitless, and 
that few omissions of importance will be found. 
Although the great bulk of the revision has been accomplished directly by the 
Editor, he has had, in this arduous undertaking, assistance at various points from 
several gentlemen whom he takes this occasion to thank, especially Dr. E. J. Stout 
for valuable services frequently rendered. 
Philadelphia, September, 1893. 
R. J. D. 
VI INTRODUCTION. 
Each word is, as far as possible, pronounced, accentuated, and defined; but if 
the word has several synonyms, the definition is usually given under the main or 
most prominent word, and the synonyms are referred to it, especially when a long 
explanatory definition is necessary. In terms of more words than one the definition 
is generally given under the more significant word, but if not it will be found under 
.the other. Respiratory murmur, for instance, is defined under Murmur; Shaking 
palsy, under Palsy. 
To facilitate reference, a heavy type has been employed for main and subor- 
dinate words, and italic type for synonyms occurring in connection with such 
words. 
In the pronunciation a simple phonetic system has been adopted, wrhich, it is 
believed, will be readily intelligible, and which requires but little explanation. 
Indeed, any explanation as to the sound or accentuation of the letters is rendered 
unnecessary by the self-evident character of the division of the syllables. The 
English pronunciation is given in all English or anglicized words. 
The derivations of the words given throughout the work are generally from the 
Latin and Greek languages, but for easy understanding the Greek alphabet is not 
employed, the English characters being substituted. 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. 
AAnode. 
AAnaOf each, 
aaAnaOf each. 
Abd. or Abdom. Abdomen . . . The belly. 
Abs. febAbsente febre . When there is no 
fever. 
Abst. or Abstr. . Abstractum . . Abstract. 
A. CA n o d a 1 contrac- 
tion. 
A. C. CAnodal closure con- 
traction. 
Acc"Accommodation. 
Ad or Add I Adde Add- 
( Addetur .... Let it be added. 
Ad 2 dos. . . . Ad duos doses . For two doses. 
Ad 2 vic. . . . Ad duos vices . For two doses. 
Ad 3 dos. . . . Ad tertias doses For three doses. 
Ad 3 vic. . . . Ad tertias vices For three doses. 
Ad deliq. . . . Ad deliquium . Up to point of 
fainting. 
AdmovAdmoveatur . . Let it be applied. 
Ad pond. om. . Ad pondus om- 
nium, 
To the whole 
weight. 
AdvAdversum . . . Against. 
Aggred. febr. . Aggrediente 
febre, 
While the fever 
is coming on. 
AhHyperopic astigma- 
tism. 
AlAluminium. 
Alt. dieb. . . . Alternis diebus . Every other day. 
Alt. horAlternis horis . Every other hour. 
Altern. hor. . . Alternis horis . Every other hour. 
Alv. adstrict. . Alvo adstricta . The bowels being 
confined. 
Alv. deject. . . Alvi dejectiones Evacuations from 
the bowels. 
AmMyopic astigma- 
tism. 
AnAnode. 
AnaOf each. 
AnatAnatomy or Ana- 
tomical. 
A. OAnodal opening. 
A. O. CAnodal opening 
contraction. 
Ad grat. acid. . Ad gratiam acid- 
itatem, 
To an agreeable 
sourness. 
AdhibAdhibetur . . . Let it be adminis- 
tered. 
Ad libAd libitum . . At pleasure. 
VII VIII 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. 
AqAquaWater. 
Aq. astrAqua astricta . Frozen water. 
Aq. bull. . . . Aqua bullions . Boiling water. 
Aq. calAqua calida . . Warm water. 
Aq. comm. . . . Aqua communis Common water. 
Aq. dest. . . . Aqua destillata . Distilled water. 
Aq. fervAqua fervens . Hot water. 
Co Cobalt. 
Coch, or Cochl. 
or Cochlear., 
Cochleare . . . Spoonful. 
Cochlearia . . . Spoonfuls. 
Cochl. ampl. . . Cochleare am- 
plum, 
Cochl. infant. . Cochleare infan- 
tum, 
Cochl. mag. . . Cochleare mag- 
num, 
A large spoonful 
(tablespoonful). 
A child's spoon- 
ful. 
Aq. fluv. .... Aqua fluvialis or 
fluvia tilis, 
River-water. 
A tablespoonful. 
Aq. fontAqua fontana or 
fontis, 
Aq. marAqua marina . . Sea-water. 
Aq. purAqua pura . . . Pure water. 
ArArabic. 
AsArsenic. 
AstAstigmatism. 
At. wtAtomic weight. 
AvoirAvoirdupois. 
Av. wtAvoirdupois. 
BBoron. 
B. ABalneum arenas Sand-bath. 
BaBarium. 
BalsBalsamum . . . Balsam. 
BB.BBDS. . . . Barbadensis . . Of Barbadoes. 
BelgBelgic. 
BiBismuth. 
BibBibeDrink. 
BiolBiology. 
Bis. ind. or in d. Bis in die . . . Twice daily. 
Spring-water. 
Cochl. med. or 
mod., 
Cochleare m e - 
dium or mod- 
icum, 
A dessertspoon- 
ful. 
Cochl. min. or 
minim., 
Cochleare min- 
imum, 
A teaspoonful. 
Cochl. parv. . . Cochleare par- 
vum, 
CodCodexFrench Pharmaco- 
poeia. 
ColColaStrain. 
A teaspoonful. 
ColatColatus .... 
Strained. 
To material 
strained (Cola- 
to). 
ColetColetur .... Let it be strained. 
CollutCollutorium . . Mouth-wash. 
CollyrCollyrium . . . Eye-wash. 
ColoretColoretur . . . Let it be colored. 
CompCompositus . . Compound. 
ConcisConcisus .... Cut. 
Conf.Confectio . . . Confection. 
CongCongius .... A gallon. 
B. MBaccalaureus 
medicinse, 
B. mBalneum marise Water-bath. 
BolBolusA large pill. 
BotBotany, botanical, 
or botanist. 
BrBromine. 
B. S. Bachelor of Science 
or Bachelor of 
Surgery. 
Bachelor of Med- 
icine. 
Conserve. 
Keep. 
ConsConserva . . . 
ContContinuetur . . Let it be continued. 
Contunde . . . Bruise. 
Contusus . . Bruised. 
Cont. rem. . . . Continuetur re- 
medium, 
Let the medicine 
be continued. 
Coq 
i CoqueBoil. 
i Coquetur . . . Let it be boiled. 
Bull 
Bullions .... Boiling. 
Bulliat .... Let it boil. 
CorrCorrupted. 
CortCortexBark. 
CrastCrastinus . . . For to-morrow. 
CrysCrystal; crystal- 
lography. 
C. SCurrent strength. 
CsCaesium. 
CuCuprum .... Copper. 
CujCujusOf which. 
CujuslCujuslibet ... Of any. 
C. vCras vespere . . T o-m o r r o w eve- 
ning. 
CwtA hundredweight. 
CyathCyathus .... A wineglassful. 
Cyath. these . . Cyathus these . A teacupful. 
Cyath. vinarA wineglassful. 
CylCylinder; cylindri- 
cal lens. 
DDosisA dose. 
DDutch. 
DDuration. 
DDensity. 
D. D. SDoctor Dental Sur- 
gery. 
Deaur. pil. . . . Deauretur pilula Let the pill be 
gilded. 
Deb. spiss. . . . Debita spissitudo Due consistence. 
DecubDecubitus . . . Lying down. 
De d. in d. . . . De die in diem . From day to day. 
ButButyrum . . . Butter. 
B. vBalneum vaporis Vapor-bath. 
C Cathode. 
CCubic. 
CCentigrade ther- 
mometer. 
CCongius .... A gallon. 
CaCalcium. 
CserulCseruleus . . . Blue. 
CapCapiatLet him take. 
CautCaute .... Cautiously. 
C. CCathodal closure. 
C. cCornu cervi . . Hartshorn. 
c.cCubic centimeter. 
C. C. CCathodal closure 
contraction. 
C. c. uCornu cervi us- 
tum, 
Burnt hartshorn. 
C. DCathodal duration. 
CdCadmium. 
CeCerium. 
CelCelsius. 
CeltCeltic. 
CentCentigrade. 
CgCentigramme. 
ChChaussier. 
ChartCharta or Char- 
tula, 
Paper or small 
paper; powder. 
ChemChemistry or 
Chemical. 
CibCibusFood. 
Deg 
Degeneration. 
Degree. 
C. MChirurgise mag- 
ister, 
Master in Sur- 
gery. 
Dej. alvDejectiones alvi Evacuations from 
the bowels. 
DepDepuratus . . . Purified. 
DestDestilla .... Distil. 
DetDeturLet it be given. 
C. mCras mane . . . To-morrow morn- 
ing. 
cmCentimetre. 
C. m. s. ... 
Cras mane su- 
mendus, 
To be taken to- 
morrow morn- 
ing. 
D. et sDetur et signe- 
tur, 
Let it be given 
as directed. 
C. nCras nocte . . . To-morrow night. 
Dieb. alt. . . . Diebus alternis . Every other day. 
Dieb. tert. . . . Diebus tertiis . Every third day. 
DigDigeretur . . . Let it be digested. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. 
IX 
DilDilutus .... Dilute. 
DimDimidius . . . One-half. 
DimDiminutive. 
F. R. SFellow of the Roy- 
al Society. 
FructFructus .... Fruit. 
FrustFrustillatim . . In small pieces. 
Dividetur in par- 
tes aequales, 
Let it be divided 
in equal parts. 
D. in p. aeq. . 
Divide in partes 
sequales, 
Divide into equal 
parts. 
F. s. aFiat secundum 
ar tern, 
FtFiat, Fiant . . Let it or them be 
made. 
Prepare skilfully. 
DivDivide ... Divide. 
Donee alv. sol. 
fuer., 
Donee alvus so- 
ln ta fuerit, 
Until the bowels 
be opened. 
Ft. emp. vesic. . Fiatemplastrum 
vesica torium, 
Let a blister be 
made. 
D. pDirectione pro- 
pria, 
With a proper di- 
rection. 
Ft. haust. . . . Fiat haustus . . Let a draught be 
made. 
F. v. or F. vs. . Fiat venaesectio Let the patient be 
bled. 
GGerman. 
GGramme . . . Gramme (15.4323 
grains). 
GalvGalvanism ; gal- 
vanic. 
GargGargarisma . . A gargle. 
GelGelatina . . . Gelatin or jelly. 
Gel. qua vis . . Gelatina quavis Inany kind of jelly. 
GenGenitive. 
GerGerman. 
DrDrachma ... A drachm. 
DrachDrachma ... A drachm. 
D. V. SDoctor of Veterin- 
ary Surgery. 
EEnglish; electro- 
motive force; 
emmetropia; er- 
bium. 
EbErbium. 
Ecl. or EclectEclectic. 
EdEdinburgh. 
E. gExempli gratia . For example. 
EjusdEjusdem ... Of the same. 
ElectElectuarium . . Electuary. 
EmbEmbryology. 
En. or EncEncyclopaedia. 
EnemEnema .... Injection by the 
rectum. 
Ent. or EntomEntomology. 
ErErbium. 
EthnolEthnology. 
EtymEtymology. 
ExhibExhibeatur . . Let it be given. 
G. G. GGummi guttae, 
Gambiae, 
Glycyrrhiza . . Licorice. 
Glycerinum . . Glycerin. 
Gamboge. 
Glyc 
GmGramme . . . Gramme (15.4323 
grains). 
GrGranum or grana Grain or grains. 
GradGradatim . . . By degrees. 
GtGuttaA drop. 
GttGuttae .... Drops. 
GumGummi .... Gum. 
GuttatGuttatim . . . By drops. 
HHydrogen. 
HaustHaustus .... A draught. 
HerpHerpetology. 
Ext 
Extractum . . Extract. 
Externus - . . External. 
Ext. super alut. Extende super 
alutam, 
Spread upon 
leather. 
Fac. .... Make. 
Fiat or fiant . . Let it or them be 
made. 
Fahrenheit's ther- 
mometer. 
French. 
Fluorine. 
Field of vision. 
Formula. 
Hg 
Hydrargyrum . Mercury. 
Hectogramme. 
F 
HippHippocrates. 
HlHectolitre. 
HmHectometre. 
Hor. decub. . . Hora decubitus. At bedtime. 
Hor. interm. . . Horis interme- 
diis 
Hor. spat. . . . Horae unius spa- 
tio, 
In intermediate 
hours. 
FFacMake, or let it or 
them be made. 
F' Symbol of first fo- 
cal distance. 
F" Symbol of second 
focal distance. 
Fah. or FahrFahrenheit. 
FamFamily. 
FascFasciculus . . . Small bundle. 
Feb. dur. . . . Febre durante . During the fever. 
FemFeminine. 
After one hour. 
H. s. or Hor. som. Hora somni . . At bedtime. 
I 
Iodine. 
Italian. 
IchthIchthyology. 
IdIdemThe same. 
I. eId estThat is. 
Imp. measImperial measure. 
In dIn dies .... Daily. 
Inf.Infunde .... Infuse or pour in. 
InfrInfrico .... To rub in. 
InjInjectio .... An injection. 
Fem. intern. . . Femoribus inter- 
nis, 
To the inside of 
the thighs. 
Inj. enem. . . . Injiciatur ene- 
ma, 
[ Let a clyster he 
! given. 
FiltFiltraFilter. 
Fist, armat. . . Fistula armata . Clyster-pipe and 
bladder fitted for 
use. 
FlFloresFlowers. 
Fl. or Fid. . . . Fluidus .... Fluid. 
FlorFloresFlowers. 
F. m. or mist. . Fiat mistura . . Let a mixture be 
made. 
In pulmIn pulmento . . In gruel. 
IrIridium. 
It. or ItalItalian. 
JulJulepus .... A julep. 
KKalium . . . . 
Potassium. 
Kathode. 
Leaves. 
Folio. 
K. CKathodal closure. 
K. C. CKathodal closure 
contraction. 
K. C. TKathodal closure 
tonic. 
K. DKathodal duration. 
K. D. TKathodal duration 
tetanus. 
KIKilolitre. 
KmKilometre. 
FolFolia 
F. pFiat potio . . . Make a potion. 
F. pilFiat pilula . . . Let a pill be made. 
FrFrench. 
Fract. dos. . . . Fracta dosi . . In a divided dose. 
F. R. C. PFellow of the Royal 
College of Physi- 
cians. 
F. R. C. SFellow Royal Col- 
lege of Surgeons. 
L 
Latin. 
Litre. 
Lithium. X 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, 
Lat. dol. . . . Lateri dolenti . To the painful side. 
Lb. and Lib. . . LibraA pound weight. 
L. D. SLicentiate of Den- 
tal Surgery. 
LiLithium. 
Lib. ...••• LiberBook. 
Lib. and Lib. . LibraePounds. 
LinnLinnaeus or Lin- 
naean. 
LiqLiquor .... Liquor or solution. 
L. E. C. PLicentiate of the 
Eoyal College of 
Physicians. 
Obs Obsolete. 
OctOctarius . . . Pint. 
O. DOculus dextrus . Eight eye. 
OdontOdontology. 
Of. Official or Officinal. 
01OleumOil. 
01. lini s. i. . . Oleum lini sine 
igne, 
! Cold-drawn lin- 
I seed oil. 
01. olOleum olivae . . Olive oil. 
01. resOleoresina . . . Oleoresin. 
0. mOmni mane . . Every morning. 
Omn. bid. . . . Omni biduo . . Every two days. 
Omn. bih. . . . Omni bihora . . Every two hours. 
Omn. hor. . . . Omni hora . . Every hour. 
Omn. man. . . Omni mane . . Every morning. 
Omn. noct. . . Omni nocte . . Every night. 
'Manipulus . . Handful. 
Mensura .... By measure. 
Myopia. 
.'Metre. 
Meridies .... Noon. 
Minimum . . . Minim. 
MisceMix. 
Mistura .... Mixture. 
M 
Omn. quadr. hor. Omni quadrante 
horse, 
O. o. oOleum olivae op- 
timum, 
Every quarter 
hour. 
Best olive oil. 
MacMacera . . . Macerate. 
ManManipulus . . A handful. 
Man. prim. . . Mane primo . . Early in the morn- 
ing. 
MascMasculine. 
Ophth. Ophthalmology. 
OrdOrder. 
O. SOculus sinister . Left eye. 
OvOvumEgg- 
OxOxymel. 
Oz. UnciaOunce. 
Mass. pil. . . .Massa pilula- I 
rum, J 
Pill mass. 
Pondere . . . By weight. 
ParsA part. 
Phosphorus. 
Pugillus .... A handful. 
Pupil. 
M. BMedicinae bacca- 
laureus, 
Bachelor of Med- 
icine. 
P 
M. DMedicinae. doctor 
Doctor of Medi- 
cine. 
PaPalladium. 
Part. vic. . . . Partibus vicibus In divided doses. 
Path, or PatholPathology. 
PbPlumbum . . . Lead. 
MedMedicine ; medici- 
nal. 
MgMagnesium. 
MiMilliampere. 
Mic. pan. . . . Micae panis . . Crumbs of bread. 
MinMinimum . . . Minim (60th part 
of a drachm by 
measure). 
MittMitteSend. 
P. B. or Br. . . Pharmacopceia 
Britannica, 
British Pharma- 
copceia. 
P. CPondus civile . Avoirdupois 
weight. 
Mitt. sang. . . . Mittatur san- 
guis, 
Let blood be 
drawn. 
P. DPharmaco p ce i a 
Dublinensis, 
Penicil. cam. . . Penicillum ca- 
melinum. 
Dublin Pharma- 
copceia. 
Camel's-hair pen- 
cil. 
Mod. prescript. . Modopraescripto, In the manner pre- 
scribed. 
Mor. sol. . . . More solito . . In the usual man- 
ner. 
M. E. C. PMember of the 
Eoyal College of 
Physicians. 
M. E. C. SMember of the 
Eoyal College of 
Surgeons. 
M. E. C. V. SMember of the 
Eoyal College of 
Veterinary Sur- 
geons. 
MucMucilago . . . Mucilage. 
MygMyriagramme. 
MylMyrialitre. 
MymMyriametre. 
NNitrogen. 
NaNatrium .... Sodium. 
Nat. HistNatural history. 
Nat. OrdNatural order. 
NbNiobium. 
N. BNota bene . . - Note well. 
NegNegative. 
NiNickel. 
N. MNux moschata . Nutmeg. 
NoNumero .... By number. 
NoctNocteIn the night. 
Noct, maneq. . . Nocte maneque . At night and in the 
morning. 
Non repetat. . . Non repetatur . Let it not be re- 
peated. 
NumNumber. 
Peract. op. 
emet., 
Peracta opera- 
tione emetici, 
' Operation of 
emetic being 
„ over. 
Ph. B. or BrBritish Pharmaco- 
poeia. 
Ph. GPharmaco p oe i a 
Germanica, 
' German Pharma- 
copceia. 
Ph. GGraduate in Phar- 
macy. 
PhrenPhrenology. 
Ph. U. SPharmacopceia of 
United States. 
Phys 
Physical. 
Physiology. 
PilPilulaPill. 
PillPilulae .... Pills. 
PlPlural. 
P. or Part. aeq. . Partes aequales . Equal parts. 
PocilPocillum ... A little cup. 
PoculPoculum ... A cup. 
PondPondere .... By weight. 
Post cibPost cibum . . After eating. 
Post sing. sed. 
liq., 
i Post singulas se- 
i des liquidas, 
After every liq- 
uid evacuation. 
Pot 
PotioPotion. 
Potassa .... Potash. 
P. pPulvis patrum . 
Jesuits' bark. 
'Nearest point of 
accommodation 
to which the 
eye can adjust 
itself. 
P. pPunctum proxi- 
mum, 
P. p. a 
Phiala prius- 
quam agitata, 
First shaking the 
bottle. 
' Octarius ... A pint. 
Oxygen. 
Opening of the cir- 
u cuit. 
Ppt. . . . 
Praeparata . . . Prepared. 
Praecipitatum . Precipitate or pre- 
cipitated. 
O 
PrPresbyopia. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, 
XI 
Farthest point of 
acc o m m o d a- 
tion to which 
the eye can ad- 
just itself. 
SnStannum . . . Tin. 
SolvSolveDissolve. 
P. rPunctum remo- 
tum, 
Sp 
'Spanish. 
[ Spiritus .... Spirit. 
P. rat. aetat. . . Pro rata aetatis . According to age. 
PrivPrivative. 
P. r. nPro re nata . . When required. 
PronPronounced. 
PsycholPsychology. 
Sp. grSpecific gravity. 
Sph 
| Spherical. 
( Spherical lens. 
SpirSpiritus .... Spirit. 
Sp. vin. rect. . . Spiritus vini rec- 
tificatus, 
Rectified spirit of 
wine (alcohol). 
Pt 
Platinum. 
Pint. 
ssSemi, Semissis . One-half. 
StStetLet it stand. 
Stat. . . . Statim .... Immediately. 
PugPugillus, Pugil- 
lum, 
A handful. 
Sub. fin. coct. . Sub finem coc- 
tionis, 
To the end of the 
boiling. 
Pulv 
PulvisPowder. 
Pul veres . . . Powders. 
SumSumatLet him or her 
take. 
SumSummitates . . Tops. 
Q. 1Quantum libet . As much as is nec- 
essary. 
Q. pQuantum pla- 
ceat, 
In amount at dis- 
cretion. 
f Surgery. 
I Surgical. 
QqQuoque .... Also. 
Qq. horQufiqua hora . . Every hour. 
Q. sQuantum sufficit Enough. 
QtQuart. 
Quod videWhich see. 
QuorQuorum .... Of which. 
Quot. or Quotid. Quotidie .... Daily. 
Surg 
S. vSpiritus vini or 
vinosus, 
Spirit of wine. 
S. v. rSpiritus vini rec- 
tificatus, 
[ Rectified spirit of 
wine. 
S. v. tSpiritus vini ten-, 
uior, 
Proof spirit. 
Q. vQuantum volue- 
ris, 
As much as you 
wish. 
SyrSyrupus .... Syrup. 
T 
Tension of the 
eyeball. 
Tungsten. 
RRecipe .... Take. 
Reaumur. 
Resistance (elec- 
trical). 
TaiTalisSuch a one (as a 
dose). 
Tai. qual. . . . Talis qualis . So much (as a 
dose). 
T. dTer in die . . Thrice a day. 
R 
RadRadix .... 
Ras. Rasurae .... Shavings. 
RbRubidium. 
R. ERight eye. 
RecRecipe .... Take. 
RectRectificatus . . Rectified. 
Root. 
Radical. 
' Tetanic contrac- 
tion. 
Tellurium. 
Te 
' Redactus in pul- 
verem, or Re- 
digatur in pul- 
verem, 
Reduced to pow- 
der, or Let it 
be reduced to 
powder. 
Temp. dext. . . Tempori dextro To the right tem- 
peh 
TentTeutonic. 
ThThallium. 
TiTitanium. 
TinctTinctura . . . Tincture. 
T. oTinctura opii . Tincture of opium. 
Red. or Redig. 
in pulv., 
Reg. umbil. . . Regio umbilici, 
or Regio um- 
bilicalis, 
Umbilical region. 
Tr., Tra., and 
Tinct., 
■ Tinctura . . . Tincture. 
Rep. or Rept. . Repetatur . . . Let it be repeated. 
RhRhodium. 
RuRuthenium. 
TritTritura .... Triturate. 
U . Uranium. 
' SignaMark or label. 
Spanish. 
Ult. praes. . . . Ultimus prae- 
scriptus, 
The last pre- 
scribed. 
S 
S. aSecundum artem Prepared according 
to art. 
SaxSaxon. 
SbStibium. 
ScrScruple. 
ScrupScruple. 
SeiSelenium. 
SemSemen, Semina . Seed, Seeds. 
SemidrSemidrachma . Half a drachm. 
SemihSemihora . . . Half an hour. 
ServServaKeep ; preserve. 
SesquihSesquihora . . . An hour and a half. 
SesuncSesuncia .... Ounce and a half. 
Sex. systSexual system. 
S. gSpecific gravity. 
SiSilicon. 
SigSignetur .... Let it be labelled. 
UncUnciaOunce. 
UngUnguentum . . Ointment. 
Unof.Unofficial or Un- 
officinal. 
Usq. ad deliq. . Usque ad deliq- 
uium, 
To fainting. 
Ut dietUt dictum . . As directed. 
VVisusAcuteness of vis- 
ion. 
VVanadium. 
VVision. 
Ves. or Vesic. . Vesicatorium . A blister. 
VespVespere .... In the evening. 
VidVideSee. 
V. o. s. or Vit. 
ov. sol., 
VsVenaesectio . . Venesection. 
Vitello ovi so- 
lutus, 
Dissolved in yolk 
of egg. 
Sig. n. pr. ... Signa nomine 
proprio, 
Label with its 
common name. 
Vs. bVenaesectio 
brachii, 
' Bleeding at the 
arm. 
SingSingulorum . . Of each. 
Si non val. ... Si non valeat . If it does not an- 
swer or have the 
effect. 
Si. op. sit. ... Si opus sit . . . If requisite. 
VulgVulgariter . . . Commonly. 
YYttrium. 
Y. sYellow spot of the 
retina. 
ZrZirconium. 
ZZAnciently myrrh, 
now zinziber or 
ginger. 
Si vir. perm. . . Si vires permit- 
tant, 
If strength per- 
mit. A PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY 
OF 
MEDICAL SCIENCE. 
A 
A and An, as prefixes, have, in compound medical 
terms, privative (negative) or debasing signification, 
like that of particles in, im, un, ir. Thus: Sthenia 
means strength, Asthenia, want of strength; Ansemia, 
want of blood, etc. Ab and Abs, as prefixes, have like 
signification. Occasionally, in compound words, they 
have an intensive meaning. 
A, or aa. See Abbreviations (table of). 
Aabeck bush-bark. Bark of Australian bush, dia- 
phoretic. 
Aande. Breath. 
Aans. Terminalia alata. 
Aaron, ahr'on. Arum maculatum. 
Aasmus, ah-as'mus. Respiration, breathing; asthma. 
Ab, as prefix, see A. 
Abaca. Hemp of West Indies. 
Abactio, ab-ak'she-o (ab, ago, to drive). Driving 
away or expelling, as A. foetus or A. partus, expul- 
sion of foetus, as in abortion or premature delivery. 
Abactus, ab-ak'tus (same etymon). Driven out or 
expelled, as A. ven'ter (venter, stomach), artificial 
abortion. 
Ab'ades. Cantharides. 
Abagmentum, ab-ag-men'tum (abigo, to expel). 
Agent capable of producing abortion. 
Abaiucu. Fruit of Cynometra ramiflora. 
Aballenated, ab-a'le-en-a-ted (ab, alienus, different). 
Debilitated; benumbed; separated. 
Abalienatio mentis, ab-ah-le-en-ah'she-o men'tis 
(ab, alienus, different ; mens, mind). Insanity. 
Abalienation, ab-a'le-en-a-shun. Failure of mental 
or physical power. 
Abalienatus, ab-ah-le-ah-nah'tus. Useless or un- 
serviceable, as membra abalienata, limbs dead or be- 
numbed. 
Abama, ab-ah'ma. Narthecium. 
Aban'ga or Abau'ga. Fruit of palm tree of St. 
Thomas, seeds of which are used in diseases of the 
chest. 
Abaptist'a, Abaptist'on, or Abaptist'um (a, baptizo, 
to plunge). Trepan, of conical shape, to prevent it 
from plunging suddenly into cavity of cranium. 
Abapus, ab'ap-us. Gethyllis. 
Abariga, ab-ah're-gah. Palm growing in St. Thom- 
as, yielding fruit abanga. 
Abariga. Abanga. 
Abarthrosis, ab-ar-thro'sis (ab, arthron, joint). Di- 
arthrosis. 
Abarticulation, ab-ar-tic-u-la'shun (ab, articulus, a 
joint). Diarthrosis; synarthrosis; dislocation. 
Abasia, ab-ah'ze-ah (a, basis, step). Inability to 
walk. Want of co-ordination in walking. 
Abattoir,' ab-at-twar'. Place for the slaughter of 
animals. 
ABDOM I NOSCbPY 
Abbreviation, ab-bre-ve-a'shun (brevis, short). Ab- 
breviations, chiefly used in medical formulae, are not 
as frequently employed as of old. See Table of Ab- 
breviations (in preliminary pages). 
Abcessus, ab-ses'sus (ab, cedo, to depart). Abscess. 
Abdomen, ab-do'men (abdo, to conceal, because it 
conceals viscera ; or, fancifully, from abdo, to conceal, 
omentum, caul). The belly; largest of the three splanch- 
nic cavities. It is bounded above by the diaphragm; 
below by the pelvis; behind by the lumbar vertebrae; 
and at sides and fore part by muscular expansions. 
It is divisible into three anterior regions, from 
above to below-epigastric, umbilical, and hypogas- 
tric-each divided into three others, one middle and 
two lateral; thus, the epigastric region comprises the 
epigastrium and hypochondria ; the umbilical region, 
umbilicus and flanks or lumbar regions; the hypo- 
gastric region, hypogastrium and iliac regions. Chief 
viscera contained in the abdomen are stomach, intes- 
tines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, etc. Term is 
sometimes used to designate that, portion above the 
brim of the pelvis. Also genital organs; gluttony. A., 
pend'ulous, excessive corpulency; physconia. 
Abdominal, ab-dom'i-nal. Belonging or relating to 
the abdomen. A. ao'rta, portion of aorta distributed 
to the abdomen, see Aorta. A. ar'tery, superior epi- 
gastric branch of internal mammary artery. A. brain, 
solar plexus. A. cavity, see Abdomen. A. fever, ty- 
phoid fever. A. gan'glion, semilunar ganglion. A. 
gesta'tion, extra-uterine pregnancy. A. lines, lines 
on abdomen formed by adhesion of the skin to the 
deep fascia. A. muscles, see Muscles (table of). A. 
preg'nancy, extra-uterine pregnancy. A. re'flex, 
involuntary muscular contraction of abdominal walls 
following stimulation of skin of that region. A. re- 
gions, see Abdomen. A. respira'tion, gentle normal 
respiration with muscles of abdomen and diaphragm. 
A. rings, openings in transversalis fascia (internal 
ring) and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle of 
abdomen (external ring), giving passage to spermatic 
cord in the male and round ligament in the female. 
See Inguinal Ring. A. section, see Gastrotomy. A. 
sweet'bread, pancreas. A. typhus, typhoid fever. A. 
vis'cera, see Abdomen. 
Abdominis exploratio, ab-do'min-is ex-plo-rah'- 
she-o. Abdominoscopy. 
Abdom'ino-ante'rior. Term given to position of 
foetus in utero with abdomen presenting anteriorly. 
Abdom'ino-poste'rior. Term given to position of 
foetus with abdomen presenting posteriorly. 
Abdominoscopy (ab-dom-in-os'ko-pe) or Abdomin- 
oscop'ia (abdomen, skopeo, to view). Examination of 
lower belly by auscultation or other means of diagno- 
sis; laparoscopy. 
1 ABDOMI NO-THORACIC 
Abdomino-thoracic, ab-domln-o-tho-ras'ik. Relat- 
ing to abdomen and thorax. 
Abdominous, ab-dom'in-us. Abdominal; having 
a large abdomen. 
Abdomino-uterotomy, ab-dom'in-o-u-ter-ot'om-e. 
Laparo-hysterotomy. 
Abducens, ab-du'sens (ab, duco, to lead). Muscle or 
nerve concerned in drawing (abducting) a part from 
median line of body. Term applied to external rectus 
muscle of eye and sixth cranial nerve, which is its 
motor nerve. A. labio'rum, levator anguli oris mus- 
cle. A. muscle, external rectus muscle of eye. A. 
nerve, sixth cranial nerve, motor nerve of external 
rectus muscle of eye. A. nu'cleus, point from which 
abducens nerve takes its origin in the medulla. 
Abducent, ab-du'sent. Abducens. 
Abduct, ab-dukt'. To draw away from median line. 
Abduction, ab-duk'shun (ab, duco, to lead). Move- 
ment separating limb or other part from axis of body. 
Fracture near articular extremity of bone, with sepa- 
ration of fragments; rupture. 
Abductor, ab - duk' tor. Nerve or muscle con- 
cerned in moving certain parts by abduction. A. an'- 
guli o'ris, accessory orbicular muscle of mouth. A. 
au'ris or auricula'ris, portion of posterior auricular 
branch of facial nerve; retrahens aurem muscle. A. 
bre'vis al'ter, inner deep portion of abductor pollicis 
muscle; A. pollicis brevis. A. coccy'gis, coccygeus. A. 
dig'iti quin'ti, A. minimi digiti. A. of ear, A. auris 
muscle. A. of Eusta'chian tube, tensor palati. A. 
of eye, rectus externus oculi. A. hallu'cis, muscle 
passing on inner side of foot from os calcis and in- 
ternal lateral ligament to first phalanx of large toe. 
A. humera'lis pol'licis, anomalous form of extensor 
carpi radialis longior, arising from supracondyloid 
ridge of humerus, inserted on first phalanx of thumb. 
A. in'dicis, muscle arising from os trapezium and 
metacarpal bone of thumb, and inserted into first 
bone of forefinger. Use, to bring forefinger toward 
thumb. A. in'dicis pe'dis, prior indicis pedis, poste- 
rior indicis pedis. A. inter'nus, A. brevis alter. A. 
laryn'gis, crico-arytenoideus posticus. A. lon'gus 
auric'ulse, see Cervico-auricularis. A. longus pol'- 
licis, abductor pollicis longus. A. metacar'pi, see 
Extensor obliquus metacarpi. A. min'imi dig'iti ma'- 
nus, originates, fleshy, from os pisiforme and annular 
ligament near it; inserted, tendinous, into inner side 
of base of first phalanx of little finger. Use, to draw 
little finger from the rest. See, also, Flexor parvus 
minimi digiti. A. min'imi dig'iti pe'dis (by Wins- 
low, divided into two portions-parathenar major and 
metatarseus). This muscle forms outer margin of 
sole of foot, and is immediately beneath plantar apo- 
neurosis. It arises, tendinous and fleshy, from outer 
side of protuberance of os calcis, and from root of 
metatarsal bone of little toe, and is inserted into outer 
part of root of first bone of little toe. Use, to draw 
little toe outward. A. nerve, abducens nerve. A. 
obli'quus hallu'cis, A. hallucis. A. oc'uli, rectus 
externus oculi. A. os'sis metatar'si min'imi dig'iti, 
A. minimi digiti pedis. A. os'sis metartar'si quin'ti, 
rare muscle, passing from os calcis to fifth metatarsal 
bone. A. pol'licis bicor'nis, extensor ossis metacarpi 
pollicis. A. pol'licis bre'vis, short, flat, triangular 
muscle, arising from anterior surface of os scaphoides 
and annular ligament of carpus, and terminating at 
outside of upper extemity of first phalanx of thumb. 
A portion, on inner side of this muscle, is called, 
by Albinus, abductor brevis alter. A. pol'licis lon'gus 
or A. longus pollicis, long, thin muscle, arising from 
posterior surface of ulna, radius, and interosseous liga- 
ment, and inserted at outer side of upper extremity 
of first metacarpal bone. A. pol'licis ma'nus, ab- 
ductor pollicis brevis. A. pol'licis pe'dis, arises, 
fleshy, from anterior and inner part of protuberance 
of os calcis, and tendinous from same bone where it 
joins with os naviculare. Inserted, tendinous, into 
internal os sesamoideum and root of first bone of great 
toe. Use, to pull great toe from the rest. A. pupil'- 
lae, rectus oculi externus. A. of thigh, gluteus maxi- 
mus, G. minimus, superior portion of G, medius, com- 
2 
ABIETIN 
bined. A. transver'sus hallu'cis, transversus pedis. 
A. tu'bse, tensor palati. 
The name Abductor has been given also to all in- 
terosseous muscles of the hand and foot performing 
motion of abduction on fingers or toes, and to muscles 
executing same function in other parts of the body. 
Abdumen, ab-du'men, Abdomen. 
Abebseos, ab-a-be'os (a, neg., bebaios, firm). Weak, 
infirm, unsteady. 
Abecedaria, ab-a-sa-dah're-ah. Acmella mauritiana. 
Abelasis, ab-el'ah-sis. Cyperus esculentus, African 
groundnut, having galactagogue properties. 
Abelme'luch. African name for ricinus. 
Abelmosch (ab'el-mosk) or Abelmusk, Hibiscus 
abelmoschus. 
Abelmoschus, ab-el-mos'kus. Hibiscus abelmos- 
chus. A. esculen'tus, Hibiscus esculentus. A. mos- 
cha'tus, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
Abepithymia, ab-ep-e-thim'e-ah (ab, epi, thumos, seat 
of soul). Paralysis of solar plexus; anepithymia. 
Aberia, ab-a're-ah. Genus of Bixinea?, of which A. 
coffra is best known at Cape of Good Hope, having 
acid fruit called kei apple. 
Ab'ernethy, sarco'ma of. Sarcoma, vascular. 
Aberrans, ab-er'rans. Aberrant. A. vas, see Vas. 
Aberrant, ab-er'rant (a6, erro, to wander). Wan- 
dering away, or from straight line or direction. A. 
duct, vasculum aberrans of testicle. A. ducts, bile- 
ducts in liver, not connected with normal biliary ap- 
paratus of that organ ; probably result of atrophy in 
early life. A. ves'sels, see Vasa aberrantia. 
Aberratio, ab-er-rah'she-o. Aberration. A. lac'tis, 
galactoplania. A. lo'ci, heterotopia. A. men'sium 
or menstruo'rum, menstruation, vicarious. A. tem'- 
poris, heterochronia. 
Aberration, ab-er-ra'shun (ab and erro, to wander). 
Passage of fluid of living body into order of vessels 
not destined for it; error loci. Flow of fluid toward 
organ different from that to which it is ordinarily 
directed, as in vicarious hemorrhage. Aberration of 
sense or judgment is an error in perceptions or de- 
rangement of intellectual faculties. In optics aberra- 
tion is dispersion of rays of light in passing through 
lens. A., chromatic, aberration of refrangibility. A., 
distan'tial, see Aberration of sphericity. A., men'tal, 
abnormal action of the mind, not always amounting 
to insanity. A., Newto'nian, A., chromatic. A. of 
refrangibil'lty, error of dispersion, exists when, as 
in a common lens, rays passing near circumference 
of lens are decomposed, so that a colored image is ob- 
served. This in human eye is corrected by iris, not 
permitting rays to fall near circumference of lens, and 
also by crystalline lens itself serving purposes of achro- 
matic glass. A. of sphericity, or spherical aberra - 
tion, takes place when rays, as in common lens, passing 
through centre of lens, arid those passing near circum- 
ference, are unequally refracted, so that they do not 
meet at common focus. This aberration in human eye 
is corrected by iris and lens. Defect from imperfect 
adjustment of focus is known as distantial aberration. 
Abevacuation, ab-e-vak-u-a'shun (evacuo, to empty). 
Partial or imperfect evacuation ; immoderate evacu- 
ation ; metastatic secretion. See Apocenosis. 
Abhal or Abhel. Fruit of Indian cypress; emmen- 
agogue. 
Abicum, ab'ik-um. Thyroid cartilage. 
Abies, ab'e-aze. Pinus picea. A. al'ba, Pinus picea. 
A. balsa'mea, Pinus balsamea. A. balsamif'era, Pinus 
balsamea. A. Canadensis, Pinus Canadensis. A. com- 
mu'nis, A. excelsa. A. excel'sa, see Pinus abies. A.. 
Fraseri, indigenous; a source of Canada turpentine. 
A. Gal'lica, Pinus picea. A. lar ix, Pinus larix. A. 
Menzie'sii, balsam pine of W. United States. A. 
ni'gra, black spruce, Pinus nigra. A. pectinala, 
Pinus picea. A. pi'cea, Pinus picea. A. ru'bra, Pinus 
abies. A. toxifo'lia, Pinus picea. 
Abietic, ab-e-et'ik. Relating to abies or fir-tree. A. 
acid, acid formed by acting on pine-resin with dilute 
alcohol. 
Abietin, ab-e'a-tin. Resinous substance from A. 
balsamea, A. pectinata, and other Abies, ABIETINE 
Abietine, ab-e'a-teen. Distilled oil from Pinus 
sabiniana. 
Abi'etis resi'na. Resin from fir tree. 
Abietite, ab-e'a-tite. Neutral extractive from Abies 
pectinata, CsHsOs. 
Ab'iga. Ajuga, Teucrium chanuepitys. 
Abiogenesis, ah-be-o-jen'e-sis (a, bios, life, genesis, 
generation). Spontaneous generation. 
Abiogenetic, ah-be-o-jen-et'ik. Relating to or occur- 
ring by abiogenesis. 
Abiogeny, ah-be-oj 'e-ne. Abiogenesis. 
Abionarce, ah-be-o-nar'se (a, bios, life; narlce, stu- 
por). Paralytic torpor. 
Abiosis, ah-be-o'sis (a, bios, life). Death; lifeless- 
ness. 
Abiotic, ah-be-ot'ic. Dead; inanimate; lifeless; 
nearly dead. 
Abiotus, ah-be-o'tus. Conium maculatum. 
Abirritant, ab-ir'ri-tant. Devoid of irritability; 
calmative. 
Abirritation, ab-ir-re-ta'shun (aft, irritatio, irrita- 
tion). Absence or defect of irritation; debility, asthe- 
nia. 
Abisga. Capparis sodada. 
Ablactation, ab-lak-ta'shun (a6, lacto, to suckle). 
Weaning; stoppage of lactation. 
Ablactatus, ab-lak-tah'tus. Weaned. 
Ablastemic, ah-blas-te'mik. Not formative; not 
connected with germination or generation. 
Ablastes, ah-blas'tes (a, blastos, germ). Sterile. 
Ablastous, ah-blas'tus (a, blastos, germ). Sterile. 
Ablation, ab-la'shun (ab, fero, latum, to take). Ex- 
tirpation, as by excision; remission, as of fever or 
acute disease; separation or detachment, as ablation 
of the retina. 
Ablepha'ria or Ablepharon, ah-blef'ar-on (a, bleph- 
aron, eyelid). Absence of an eyelid or eyelids. 
Ablepharus, ah - blef' a - rus (a, priv., blepharon, 
eyelid). Without eyelids. 
Ablepsia (ah-blep'se-ah) or Ablepsy, ah'bleps-e. 
Blindness; epilepsy. 
Abluentia (ab-lu-en'she-ah) or Ab'luents (ab, luo, to 
wash). Detergents. 
Ablution, ab-lu'shun. Washing; legal ceremony in 
which body is subjected to particular affusions. Ablu- 
tion with cold or tepid water is employed, therapeu- 
tically, to reduce febrile heat. 
Abmortal, ab-mor'tal (ab, mors, death). Direction 
of electric current in wounded muscle toward unin- 
jured portion. 
Abneural, ab-nu'ral (ab, neuron, nerve). Part of 
embryo opposite to central nervous system. 
Abnormal (ab-nor'mal) or Abnormous, ab-nor'mus 
(ab, norma, rule). Not conformable to rule; irregu- 
lar. 
Abnormality (ab-nor-mal'e-te), Ab-nor'mi-ty, or 
Abnormitas, ab-nor'me-tas. Anomaly; malformation. 
Aboborah, ab-o'bo-rah. Pumpkin or gourd. A. 
doma'ta, Brazilian species, used in dropsy. 
Abolition, ab-o-lish'un. Destruction or suppression; 
complete suspension of any symptom or function or 
of consciousness. 
Aboma'sum or Abomasus, ab-o-mah'sus. Rennet; 
lowermost or fourth stomach of ruminating animals. 
Abomina'tio. Disgust. 
Aboral, ab-o'ral (ab, os, mouth). Remote from the 
mouth. 
Aborsio (ab-or'se-o) or Aborsus, ab-or'sus. Abor- 
tion. 
Abor'sive. Abortive. 
Abort'. To miscarry; to check or arrest before 
development, as a disease-small-pox, for instance. 
Aborticide, ab-ort'i-side (abortus, ciedo, to kill). De- 
struction of foetus by induction of abortion. 
Aborticidium, ab-ort-e-sid'e-um. Aborticide. 
Abortient, ab-or'she-ent. Abortive or abortifa- 
cient. 
Abortifacient, ab-ort-i-fa'she-ent (abortus, facio, to 
make). Abortive; drug or other agent producing 
abortion or arresting disease before development. 
Abortion, ab-or'shun (ab, orior, to rise). Miscar- 
3 
ABRACHIOCEPHALIA 
riage; expulsion of foetus before seventh month of 
utero-gestation, or before it is viable. Causes are 
referable either to mother, and particularly to ute- 
rus, or to foetus and its dependencies. It most fre- 
quently occurs between eighth and twelfth weeks of 
gestation. The causes of abortion may be conveni- 
ently arranged as follows (Duncan): 
Reflex. 
Lactation, gastric irrita- 
tion, neuralgic toothache, 
rectal irritation, opera- 
tions. 
Scarlet fever, typhus fever, 
typhoid fever, relapsing 
fever, small-pox, cholera, 
syphilis, chorea, inhala- 
tion of noxious gases, 
plumbism, pertussis. 
Pathologi- 
cal 
Causes. 
Systemic. 
Uterine flexions, fibroids, 
polypi, endometritis and 
cervicitis, laceration of 
cervix, pelvic adhesions, 
diseases of the ovum or 
its membranes. 
Local. 
Blows, falls, excessive coi- 
tus, etc. 
Accidental 
Causes. 
Physical. 
Psychi- 
cal. 
Fright, anxiety, fear, anger, 
etc. 
It is incomplete when placenta or membranes sur- 
rounding foetus are not expelled; embryonic, when 
occurring between twentieth and ninetieth days of 
pregnancy; foetal, between third and sixth months; 
habitual or chronic, when occurring in successive preg- 
nancies. Symptoms are : uterine hemorrhage with or 
without flakes of decidua, with intermitting pain. 
When it once takes place, it is apt to recur in subse- 
quent pregnancies about same period. Some call 
abortion, occurring prior to three months, effluxion. 
Within twenty days after conception it is called 
ovular abortion. It is induced or provoked when caused 
intentionally. Treatment must vary according to con- 
stitution of the patient and causes. Horizontal pos- 
ture and perfect quietude are indispensable. The term 
Abortion is likewise applied to the product of untime- 
ly birth. A., crim'inal, foeticide. A., missed, expul- 
sion of foetus some time after its death. A., o'vular, 
abortion taking place soon after conception. A., spon- 
ta'neous, abortion occurring naturally; that is, with- 
out artificial interference of any kind. 
Abortionist, ab-or'shun-ist. Practitioner or pro- 
curer of criminal abortion. 
Abortium, ab-or'she-um. Abortion. 
Abor'tive. Parturient, parturifacient, ecbolic; 
without result; cutting short, as abortive treatment; 
ectrotic; imperfectly developed; medicine having 
property of causing abortion. 
Abortivum, ab-or-te'vum. Abortive; abortifacient; 
abortion. 
Abort'ment. Abortion. 
Abor'tum. Abortion. 
Abor'tus. Abortion. A. habitua'lis, habitual abor- 
tion. A. period'icus, habitual abortion. A. pro- 
cura'tio, induced or criminal abortion. 
Aboulia. See Abulia. 
Aboulomanla, ab-oo-lo-mah'ne-ah (a, boule, will, 
mania). Inability to exert powers of will; mental 
torpor. 
A'brabax, A'bracax, or A'brasax. Mystic term, 
expressing number 365, to which were attributed 
miraculous properties. Amulet. 
Abracadabra (ab-rah-kah-dah'brah) or Abrasada- 
bra, ab-rah-sah-dah'brah. Pronounced and repeated in 
a certain form and certain number of times, or figured 
on amulets and worn around the neck, supposed to 
have power of curing fevers and preventing diseases. 
Abracalan'. Cabalistic term to which same virtue 
was attributed. 
A'bracax, ah'brah-kaks. Abrabax. 
Abrachia, ah-brak'e-ah (a, brachion, arm). Absence 
of arm or arms. 
Abrachiocephalia, ah-brak-e-o-sef-ah'le-ah (a, brach- 
ion, arm, kephale, head). Absence of arms and head. ABRACHIUS 
Abrachius, ah-brak'e-us. One without arm or arms. 
Abrade, ab-rade'. To remove surface of skin; to 
excoriate. 
A'braham balm. Vitex agnus castus, or chaste- 
tree. A. man, vagrant lunatic. "To sham Abra- 
ham or Abram " is used for one feigning sickness or 
infirmity. 
Abranchiata, ah-brank-e-ah'tah (a, branchia, gills). 
Without gills; a section of Annelidse, of which leeches 
and earth-worms are examples. 
Abrasadabra, ab-rah-sah-dah'brah. Abracadabra. 
A'brasax. Abrabax. 
Abrasin, ab'rah-sin. Elseococca cordata. 
Abrasio, ab-rah'ze-o. Abrasion. A. den'tium, 
odontotripsis. A. intestinalis or intestino'rum, see 
Abrasion. 
Abrasion, ab-ra'zhun (ab, rado, to rasp). Super- 
ficial excoriation or ulceration of skin ; or ulceration, 
with loss of small shreds of substance, of mucous 
membrane of intestines, abrasio intestinalis or intesti- 
norum. 
Abrasor, ab-ra'zor. Instrument for scraping; rasp- 
atory. 
Abrasum, ab-rah'sum. Abrasion. 
Abrasus, ab-rah'sus. Abraded. 
Abrathan, ab'rah-than. Artemisia abrotanum. 
Abraxas, ah'braks-as. Abrabax. 
A'bric acid. Acid from jequirity or Abrus preca- 
torius. 
Abrin, ab'rin. Principle ot ferment from abrus 
or jequirity; yellowish soluble powder, very poison- 
ous, of a grain being fatal. 
Abroma angustum, ab-ro'mah an-gus'tum. Root 
of this Indian tree is employed in dysmenorrhcea. 
Abro'motoun. Ashantee plant, bruised leaves of 
which are used externally for boils. 
Abrong. Chinese laxative and vermifuge grain. 
Abrosia, ah-bro'se-ah (a, brosis, food). Abstinence 
from food. 
Abrotanum (ab-rot'ah-num) or Abrotonum, ab-rot'- 
o-num. Artemisia abrotanum. A. cath'sum, Arte- 
misia abrotanum. A. mas, Artemisia abrotanum. 
Abrotonltes, ab-rot-o-ne'tes. Wine impregnated 
with Artemisia abrotanum. 
Abrot'onum. Artemisia abrotanum. 
Abroulaza, ab-ru-lah'zah. Aboulaza. 
Abruption, ab-rup'shun (ab, rumpo, to break). Ab- 
duction ; rupture. 
Abrus precatorius, ah'brus pra-kah-to're-us (hab- 
ros, elegant, preces, prayers). Jequirity, Licorice-bush, 
Ped bean, Love pea, Wild licorice. Small ornamental 
shrub growing from Florida to Brazil, India, Pacific 
islands, tropical Africa, Egypt, and West Indies; 
with scarlet seeds having black spot; nat. ord. Le- 
guminoste. Root (abri radix) and leaves are sweet, 
mucilaginous demulcents. Seeds of American kind 
are purgative and poisonous; jequirity seeds, crabs' eyes, 
are employed to form rosaries, hence called, in mock- 
ery, jumble or prayer beads. In poultice has been 
used for ulcerative skin diseases, often in infusion 
in Oj of water) of the crushed cotyledons has been 
employed in granular conjunctivitis, but they may pro- 
duce purulent conjunctivitis, unless infusion is always 
fresh when used. In paste, used in India in sciatica, 
paralysis, and other nervous diseases. 
Abs, as a prefix, see A. 
Abscedentla, ab-se-den'she-a (abs, cedo, to depart). 
Parts of body, such as bones, which are liable to ulcera- 
tion from disordered state of the system. 
Abscess, ab'ses (abs, cedo, to depart). Gathering, 
rising; collection of pus in a cavity, result of morbid 
process. See Pyogenia and Suppuration. Acute abscess 
is one following acute or violent inflammation. Cold, 
chronic, strumous, or scrofulous abscess is result of 
chronic or scrofulous inflammation. Congestive or 
diathesic abscess is symptomatic form occurring in part 
at distance from inflammation occasioning it; as a 
lumbar abscess, in which inflammation may be in 
lumbar region, whilst pus exhibits itself at the groin. 
A., acute, see Abscess. A., alve'olar, parulis. A., 
Bartholin'ian, abscess of vulvo-vaginal or Bartholin's 
4 
ABSCESS 
gland. A., bil'iary, abscess of gall-bladder or bile- 
duct. A. of the breast, mastodynia apostematosa. 
A., bursal, abscess of bursa mucosa. A., ca'seous, 
cheesy suppuration of tubercular gumma. A., chron'- 
ic, see Abscess. A., circumscribed, cavity bounded 
by wall or exudation. A., cold, see Abscess. A., con- 
gestive, see Abscess. A., critical, abscess taking place 
in course of acute disease, at a critical stage A., 
den'tal, alveolar abscess. A., der'moid, scrofulous, 
phlegmonous abscess of skin. A., diathe'sic, see Ab- 
scess. A., diffuse, purulent infiltration. A., embol'ic, 
abscess from embolism; A., metastatic. A. emphy- 
sem'atous, abscess containing air, generally putres- 
cent. A., encysted, abscess of a cyst or enclosed in 
serous sac. A., epithe'lial, A. of epithelial layer. 
A., fe'cal, abscess formed by entrance of contents of 
bowel into contiguous purulent cyst. A., follic'ular, 
abscess consecutive to inflammation of follicle. A., 
gland'ular, A. from inflammation of lymphatic gland. 
A., gravitation, congestive or wandering abscess, 
from dependent position. A., hemattc, A. caused by 
clot of effused blood. A., hepattc, A. of liver. A., 
hypostat'ic, A., gravitation. A., idiopathtc, A. not 
arising from any other morbid condition. A., iltac, 
A. situate in, ot pointing in, iliac region. A., inter- 
lamel'lar, A. between lamellae of membrana tympani. 
A., ischio-rectal, A. of ischio-rectal fossa. A., lac'- 
rymal, A. of lacrymal sac. A., lacu'nar, A. of lacuna 
of urethra. A., lum'bar, A. situate in, or pointing 
in, lumbar region. A., lymphatic, A. of lymphatic 
gland. A., mam'mary, mastodynia apostematosa. 
A., mar'ginal, A. at margin of anus. A., mastoid, 
A. of mastoid portion of temporal bone. A., meta- 
static, abscess forming suddenly, sometimes without 
precursory signs of inflammation, in part of body 
remote from one in state of suppuration, a result of 
phlebitis. A., miliary, slight suppuration, generally 
embolic. A., milk, mastodynia apostematosa. A., 
multiple, a number of abscesses, as in pyaemia. A., 
mu'ral, A. of wall of abdomen or other large 
cavity. A., ossifluent, A. of morbid conditions of 
bone. A., otic or otitic, A. of ear or due to inflam- 
mation of ear, often causing 'cerebral disease. A., 
paramet'ric, A. of cellular tissue of female pelvis. 
A., parametritic, A., parametric. A., perforating, 
of the lung, see Lung, perforating abscess of. A., peri- 
larynge'al, see Perilaryngitis. A., perimet'ric, A. con- 
sequent upon inflammation of serous coat of uterus. 
A., perimetritic, A., perimetric. A., perinephtic or 
perinephritlc, A. of connective tissue around kidney. 
A., peripleu'ric or peripleurit'ic, A. in connective 
tissue associated with pleura. A., peritone'al, A. con- 
nected with peritoneum, consequent on inflammation 
of that membrane. A., periu'terine, A., perimetric, 
see Periuterine. A., phleg'monous, acute abscess of 
cellular tissue. A., post-fas'cial, abscess behind 
fascia. A., post-mam'mary, abscess behind the 
mammary gland. A., post-pharynge'al, abscess be- 
hind the pharynx. A. prelac'rymal, A. at inner 
canthus of eye, in lacrymal bone, due to caries of 
latter. A., preperitone'al, abscess between perito- 
neum and anterior wall of abdomen. A. of prox- 
imity, A. in vicinity of morbid structure. A., 
psoas, lumbar abscess. A., puer'peral, A. of skin 
of new-born infants, due to ante-partum causes. A., 
pyemic, see Pyxrnia. A., resid'ual, abscess in or 
about residues of former inflammations, as in adhe- 
sions, thickening, or other lowly organized products 
of previous inflammation. A., retromam'mary, A. 
behind or under mammary gland. A., retrooesoph- 
age'al, A. behind oesophagus, in front of spinal 
column. A., retroperitone'al, A. behind or under 
peritoneum. A. retropharynge'al, A. between pha- 
rynx and spinal column. A. root, Polemonium rep- 
tans. A., scrofulous, see Abscess. A., secondary, 
consecutive or metastatic A. A., shirt-button or shirt- 
stud, deep-seated mammary abscess, eventually giving 
rise to one or more subcutaneous abscesses. A cavity 
exists between integuments and gland, communi- 
cating by narrow passage with another and larges 
cavity between mamma and chest; whole having ABSCESSIO 
appearance of shirt-stud. A., spermat'ic, A. con- 
nected with spermatic apparatus. A., spi'nal, A. de- 
pendent on spinal disease. A., stercora'ceous or 
ster'coral, A., fecal. A., stru'mous, see Abscess. A., 
subaponeurot'ic, A. beneath aponeurosis. A., sub- 
are'olar, A. beneath areolar tissue or under areola of 
nipple. A., subfas'eial, A. beneath fascia. A., sub- 
mam'mary, A., retromammary. A., subpec'toral, 
A. beneath pectoral muscles. A., subperios'teal, see 
Periostitis. A., subperitone'al, A., retroperitoneal. 
A., sudorip'arous, abscess from inflammation or ob- 
struction of sweat-gland. A., supramam'mary, A. 
of connective tissue over mammae. A., sympathetic, 
A. arising apparently from sympathy or extension 
through lymphatic vessels or other channels, as a 
bubo. A., symptomatic, A. dependent on disordered 
condition of general system. A., the'eal, A. of sheath 
of tendon. A., tropical, hepatic abscess of tropical 
climates. A., tuber'culous, A. of tubercular gland. 
A., tympanitic, A., emphysematous. A., ure'thral, 
A. of lacunae of urethra or of periurethral structures. 
A., u'rinary, A. associated with extravasation of 
urine. A., verminous, A. connected with intestines, 
and characterized by presence of worms. A., wan'- 
dering, form of congestive abscess occurring at point 
remote from its original location. 
Abscess'io or Absces'sion. Abscess. 
Abscess'us. Abscess. A. arthriticus, abscess of 
bowels due to gouty diathesis. A. artic'uli, pyarthro- 
sis. A. bursa'lis, abscess of bursa mucosa. A. cap'- 
itis sanguin'eus neonato'rum, cephalaematoma. A. 
cer'ebri, encephalo-pyosis. A. congestions or con- 
gestions, abscess, congestive or wandering. A. em- 
bolicus, abscess, embolic. A. flatuo'sus, abscess, em- 
physematous. A. follicula'ris, abscess, follicular. A. 
frigidus, abscess, cold. A. gangrsenes'cens or gan- 
grseno'sus, gangrenous form of abscess, as seen in 
anthrax. A. gingiva'rum, parulis. A. lac'teus, mas- 
todynia apostematosa. A. lumbaiis, lumba'ris, or 
lumbo'rum, lumbar abscess. A. lymphaticus, ab- 
scess of lymphatic gland. A. mam'mse, mastodynia 
apostematosa. A. metastaticus, abscess, metastatic. 
A. nuclea'tus, furunculus. A. oc'uli, hypopyon. 
A. pec'toris, empyema. A. psoadicus, psoas abscess. 
A. pulmo'num, pneumapostema. A. rena'lis, nephra- 
postasis. A. spirituo'sus, aneurism. A. stercora'lis 
or stercoro'sus, abscess, fecal. A. sudorip'arus, 
abscess of sweat-gland. A. thora'cis, empyema. A. 
urinaiis or urino'sus, uropostema. A. vermino'sus, 
abscess, verminous. 
Abscis'sae. Lines crossing other lines at right an- 
gles, forming bases of graphic records, as of pulse-beats. 
Abscissio, ab-sis'se-o. Abscission or cutting off. 
A. oc'uli, removal of part of globe of eye. A. prae- 
pu'tii, circumcision. 
Abscission, ab-sizh'un (ab, scindo, to cut off). Ex- 
cision or extirpation of part, especially soft part; 
fracture or injury of soft parts, with loss of substance; 
diminution or loss of voice; sudden and premature 
termination of disease; suppression of function. 
Absconsio, ab-skon'she-o (abs, condo, to hide). Sinus; 
articular cavity of bone. 
Ab'sence. Slight mental aberration. See Epilepsy. 
Ab'sinth. Wormwood. 
Absinthe (F.). See Artemisia absinthium. 
Absinthin, ab-sin'thin. White bitter principle of 
wormwood ; CieHaoOr; narcotic. 
Absinthism, ab'sinth-izm. Effects of indulgence in 
absinth. See Artemisia absinthium. 
Absinthites (ab-sin-the'tes) or Apsinthi'tes. Wine 
impregnated with absinthium. 
Absinthium, ab-sinth'e-um. Artemisia absinthium. 
A. alpi'num, Swiss species of artemisia, used for 
making absinthe. A. mari'num or marit'imum, 
Artemisia maritima. A. mi'nus, Artemisia pontica. 
A. pon'ticum, Artemisia pontica. A. roma'num, Arte- 
misia pontica. A. santon'icum, Artemisia santonica. 
A. vulga're, Artemisia absinthium. 
Absinthol, ab-sin'thol. Derivative of oil of worm- 
wood, isomeric with camphor. 
Ab'solute al'cohol. See Alcohol. A. hypermetro'- 
5 
ABSTRACT 
pia, A. strabis'mus, see Hypermetropia and Strabis- 
mus. 
Absorb'ent, (from absorbeo, to suck up). That 
which absorbs or causes absorption; medicine used 
for absorbing acidity in stomach and bowels, as mag- 
nesia, chalk, etc.; any substance, such as cobweb, 
sponge, etc., which, applied to bleeding surfaces, arrests 
hemorrhage. A. cotton, see Gossypium. A. vessels 
and glands, those concurring in exercise of absorp- 
tion. 
Absorbents, ab-sorb'ents. Absorbent vessels. 
Absorp'tio. Absorption. A. morbo'sa, absorption 
of excretive matter into circulation A. pulmona'lis, 
absorption in lungs. A. sa'na, absorption in condi- 
tion of health. A. san'guinis, hsemorrhophesis. 
Absorption, ab-sorp'shun. Act of absorbing, suck- 
ing up, or imbibing; function of absorbent vessels. 
External absorption obtains, from without the or- 
gans, materials intended for their composition. Inter- 
nal absorption, or absorption of decomposition, takes 
up from the organs materials that have to be replaced. 
External absorption takes place at external surface 
of body, and also from that of mucous membranes 
of digestive and respiratory passages. Hence, again, 
the division of external absorption into cutaneous, 
intestinal or digestive, and pulmonary or respiratory. 
Internal absorption is subdivided into-1. Molecular 
or interstitial, nutritive, organic or decomposing, taking 
up from each organ materials that constitute it, so 
that decomposition is always in equilibria with depo- 
sition. 2. Absorption of recrementitial secreted fluids, 
such as fluid of serous membranes, synovia, etc. 
These would augment indefinitely if absorption did 
not remove them in same proportion as that in which 
they are deposited. 3. Absorption of part of the excre- 
mentitial secreted fluids, as they pass over the excretory 
passages. The agents of external absorption are veins 
and chyliferous vessels; of internal absorption, lym- 
phatics. In chyliferous vessels and lymphatics fluid 
is always found to possess same general properties; 
action of elaboration or selection must have taken 
place. Veins seem to exert no selection; any fluid, 
possessing necessary tenuity, passes through coats of 
vessel readily by imbibition, and proceeds along with 
the torrent of circulation. Watery fluids thus enter the 
blood when taken into the stomach. Substances requir- 
ing digestion may pass through the chyliferous vessels 
and thoracic duct. A. band, see Spectrum. A. of compo- 
sition, see Absorption. A., cuta'neous, see Absorption. 
A., decomposing, see Absorption. A. of decomposi- 
tion, see Absorption. A.., digestive, see Absorption. 
A., disjunctive, absorption of living part of tissue, in 
immediate connection with dead portion; latter being 
thus detached, as in separation of slough. A. of ex- 
crement! tial secreted fluids, see Absorption. A., 
exter'nal, see Absorption. A., inter'nal, see Absorp- 
tion. A., interstitial, see Afisorptioji. A., intestinal, 
see Absorption. A., molec'ular, see Absorption. A., 
nutritive, see Absorption. A., organ'ic, see Absorp- 
tion. A., progressive, absorption apparently caused 
by interference of pressure with nutrition of a part, 
as of deep-seated tumor approaching the surface and 
inducing absorption of interposed structures. A., 
pul'monary, see Absorption. A., pu'rulent, pyaemia. 
A. of recrementitial secreted fluids, see Absorption. 
A., res'piratory, see Absorption. A., ve'nous, absorp- 
tion through the venous system. 
Abstemious, ab-ste'me-us (a&s, temetwm, wine). One 
who abstains from wine or fermented liquors. 
Abstention, ab-sten'shun (ab, teneo, to hold). Re- 
tention. A. stereo'rum, constipation. 
Abstergentia (ab-ster-jen'she-ah), Abstersiva (ab- 
ster-se'vah), or Abstersoria, ab-ster-so're-ah (abs, tergo, 
to clean). Detergents or abstergents, agents having 
cleansing qualities. 
Abstinence, ab'stin-ense (a&s, teneo, to hold). Fast- 
ing. Privation, usually voluntary, of drink or food. 
Fasting is a useful remedial agent in disease, particu- 
larly in that of inflammatory character. 
Abstract, abs'trakt (abs, traho, to draw). Ab- 
stractum (Ph. U. S.); formed by evaporation of alco- ABSTRACTA 
holic fluid extract to dry powder with milk-sugar. 
One part of abstract equals two parts of drug or fluid 
extract. Abstracts of aconite, belladonna, conium, 
digitalis, hyoscyamus, ignatia, jalap, nux vomica, 
podophyllum, senega, and valerian are officinal in 
Ph. U. S. 
Abstracta, abs-trakt-ah' (pl. of Abstractum). Class 
of preparations officinal in Ph. U. S. See Abstractum. 
Abstraction, abs-trak'shun. Taking away, as A. 
of blood; distillation; exclusive attention. 
Abstractitious, ab-strak-tish'us. Possessing the 
capability of being abstracted without maceration or 
fermentation. 
Abstractum, abs-trak'tum. Officinal name of Ab- 
stract in Ph. U. S.: A. aconl'ti, A. belladon'nsa, A. 
coni'i, A. digita'lis, A. hyoscy'ami, A. igna'tise, 
A. jalap'se, A. nucis vom'icse, A. podophyl'li, A. 
sen'egae, A. valerian'se. See Abstract. 
Ab'sus. Cassia growing in Egypt and India, em- 
ployed as dry collyrium in endemic ophthalmia. 
Abterminal, ab-tuT'me-nal (ab, terminus, end). 
Term applied to electric current passing from end of 
a muscle, as tendon, to body or belly of muscle. 
Abulia, ab-u'le-ah (a, boule, will). Loss of will- 
power. 
Abulic, ab-u'lik. One who has lost power of will. 
Abuta, ab-u'tah. Pareira brava. 
Abutilon Avicennse, ab-u'til-on ah-ve-sen'ne (a, 
priv., bous, ox, tilos, diarrhoea). Indian or yellow 
mallow, velvet leaf; order, Malvaceae; naturalized in 
United States; mucilaginous and demulcent. A. cor- 
da'tum, A. Avicenna?. 
Abvacuatio, ab-vak-u-ah'she-o (ab, vacuo, to empty). 
Excessive or colliquative evacuation. 
Ac, as a prefix, same as Ad. 
Acacanthrax, ah-kak-an'thraks (a, kakos, bad, an- 
thrax'). Non-malignant anthrax. 
Acacia (Ph. U. S.), ak-ash'e-ah. Acaeiee gum'mi (Ph. 
Br.). Gum arabic or gum acacia. Ord. Mimoseae. Gum- 
my exudation from Acacia verek and other species 
of Acacia (Ph. U. S.), from Acacia Senegal and other 
species of Acacia (Ph. Br.); in irregular pieces, color- 
less or pale yellow, hard, brittle, of shining frac- 
ture, transparent, soluble in water and insoluble 
in alcohol, s. g. 1.4 to 1.5. Mucilaginous; but chiefly 
used in pharmacy; sometimes administered alone 
as a demulcent. See Arabin. Officinal preparation, 
Mucilago acacia;. A. Acapulcen'sis, Mexican gum, 
astringent. A. Adanso'nii, from Senegambia, yield- 
ing Senegal gum. A. al'bicans, a species from 
Brazil, a source of kuisache gum. A. al'bida, also 
from Senegambia. A. ama'ra, Albizzia amara. A. 
an'gico, from S. America. A. anthelmin'tica, Albiz- 
zia anthelmintica. A. Arab'ica, babul or babool tree 
of India. Bark is astringent and tonic. A. bas'tard, 
see Prunus spinosa. A. capen'sis, A. horrida. A. 
cat'echu, catechu. A. cochlio'carpa, tree of Brazil, 
a source of cortex Brasiliensis. A. concin'na, species 
of India, emetic and expectorant. A. decur'rens, 
wattle-tree, source of Australian gum. A. Ehren- 
ber'gii, from Libya and Nubia, yielding gum arabic. 
A. falca'ta, tree of New South Wales, astringent 
bark of which is used to poison fish. A., false, Bobi- 
nia pseudo-acacia. A. farnesia'na, tree of W. Indies, 
yielding gum like gum arabic; astringent bark and 
leaves used in affections of bladder. A. ferrugln'ea, 
Indian tree, with astringent bark. A. fis'tula, source 
of Suakin gum, inferior variety of acacia. A. 
German'ica, see Prunus spinosa. A. grave'olens, 
tree of India, bitter diaphoretic. A. homalo- 
phylla, from Australia, yielding gum used in 
diarrhoea. A. hor'rida, from S. Africa, yielding 
astringent Cape gum. A. In'dlca, tamarindus. A. 
jure'ma, from Brazil; substitute for barbatimao bark. 
A. lebbek, Arabian tree labach; leaves are used 
for fomentation in rheumatism. A. leucophloe'a, 
astringent bark, source of kuteera gum; strong liquor 
is distilled from it. A. Nilot'ica, see Acacia. A. 
niopo or niops, species of S. America; used as substi- 
tute for tobacco, also as an exhilarating snuff. A. 
nos'tras, see Prunus spinosa. A. odoratis'sima, tree 
6 
ACANTHOPELYS 
of E. Indies; juice of bark is used in leprosy and 
ulcers. A. orfota, Arabian species, resin of which is 
used in fumigation in epilepsy. A. pycnan'tha, 
source of Australian gum. A. raddia'na, species of 
Egyptian acacia, yielding galls from attacks of in- 
sects. A. sas'sa, Abyssinian species, yielding gum 
like gum arabic. A. scan'dens, plant is emetic; yields 
gum, lotion of which is applied in alopecia. A. Sene- 
gal, source of Acacia (Ph. Br.). A. specio'sa, sirissa- 
tree, parts of which are used externally in foul ulcers, 
leprosy, ophthalmia, etc. A. stenocar'pa, of North- 
ern Africa, source of Suakin gum. A. su'ma or 
sun'dra, grows in India, yielding black catechu. A. 
tenuifo'lia, astringent buds and root of this W. Indian 
tree are used in diarrhoea and hemorrhages. A. 
tor'tilis, of Arabia, yields gum arabic. A. ve'ra, see 
Acacia. A. ve'rek, of Africa, source of acacia (Ph. 
U. S.). It is another name for gum Senegal. A. vir- 
gina'lis, Pithecollobium avaremotemo. A. Zeylon'- 
ica, Hsematoxylon Campechianum. 
Aca'cise gum'mi. Acacia. 
Acacin, ak'ah-sin. Arabin. 
Acacos (ah'kak-os) or Acacus, ah'kak-us (a, kakos, 
evil). Not malignant. Aphtha?. 
Acacu, ak'ah-ku. Tree of Brazil, sap of which is 
used in morphoea. 
Acajah. Akasga. 
Acajou. Anacardium occidentale. 
Acajuba, ak-ah-ju'bah. Anacardium occidentale. 
Acalypha, ah-kal'e-fah (a, priv., kalos, beautiful, 
haphe, touch). A. mentacea. A; betuli'na, infusion of 
leaves employed in India as stomachic and in cholera. 
A., birch-leaved, A. fruticosa. A. carpinifo'lia, plant 
of San Domingo; leaves are antispasmodic. A. cilia'ta, 
plant of Asia and Africa, applied, ground up, to relieve 
pain of chest. A. frutico'sa, shrub of India, alterative, 
used in dyspepsia, cholera, etc. A. his'plda, Caturus 
spiciflorus. A. in'dlca, common plant of the gardens 
of India; infusion of root and decoction of leaves are 
cathartic. A. menta'cea, A. betulina. A. prunifo'- 
lia, decoction used as vulnerary. A. virgin'ica, three- 
seeded mercury, indigenous; expectorant and diuretic. 
Acamasia, ah-kah-mah'ze-a (a, kamno, to labor). 
Tolerance of labor; freedom from fatigue. 
Acamatus (ah-kam'at-us), Acam'athos, or Acam'- 
atos (a, kamno, to labor). One of good constitution 
of body. Having position of limb intermediate be- 
tween flexion and extension, so maintained without 
fatigue. 
Acampsia, ak-amp'she-ah (a, kampsis, flexion). 
Contraction or rigidity of limb. 
Acanaca, ak-an'ah-kah. Diaphoretic antisyphilitic 
of E. Indies. 
Acanos, ak'ah-nos (a prickle). Onopordon acan- 
thium. A. spi'na, Onopordon acanthium. 
Acantha, ak-an'thah (spine or thorn). Vertebral 
column; spinous process of vertebra. 
(See Akanth for words not mentioned under Acanth.) 
Acanthabolus (ak-an-thab'o-lus) or Acanthobolus 
(akantha, spine, ballo, to cast out). Forceps for remov- 
ing extraneous substances from wounds. 
Acanthalzu'ca. Echinops. 
Acanthavola, ak-an-thav'o-lah. Acanthabolus. 
Acanthia (ak-an'the-ah) lectula'ria. Bedbug; 
cimex. 
Acanthichthyosis, ak-anth-ik-the-o'sis (akantha, 
thorn, ichthus, fish). Ichthyosis spinosa. 
Acanthium, ak-an'the-um. Onopordon acanthium. 
Acanthocephala, ak-an-tho-sef'ah-lah (akantha, 
spine, kephale, head). Parasitic worms with thorny 
or spinous heads. 
Acantholysis, ak-an-thol'e-sis (akantha, spine, lusis, 
loosening). Disease of prickle-cell layer of epidermis, 
with separation of upper layers. 
Acanthoma, ak-an-tho'mah. Elevation of surface 
of skin from hyperplasia of prickle layer. 
Acantho-mastich, ak-an'tho-mas'tik. Gum from 
Astragalus gummifera. 
Acanthopelvis, ak-an-tho-pel'vis. Pelvis narrowed 
by bony growth. 
Acanthopelys, ak-an-thop'e-lis. Akanthopelys. ACANTHOSES 
Acanthoses, ak-an-tho'ses. Akanthoses. 
Acanth'ulus. Acanthabohis. 
Acanthus mollis, ak-an'thus mol'lis (akantha, spine). 
Brankursine, bear's breech; mucilaginous and de- 
mulcent. A. spino'sa, of S. Europe, has similar 
properties. A. vi'rus or vulga'ris, A. mollis. 
Acapatli, ak-ah-pat'le. Piper longum. 
Acapsular, ah-kap'su-lar. Devoid of capsule. 
Acardia, ah-kar'de-ah (a, kardia, heart). State of 
foetus without a heart-acardiac foetus. 
Acardiac, ah-kar'de-ak. Without a heart. 
Acardiohaemia, ah-kar-de-o-he'me-ah (a, kardia, 
heart, haima, blood). Want of blood in the heart. 
Acardionervia, ah-kar-de-o-nur've-ah (a, kardia, 
heart, neuron, nerve). Want of nervous action in 
the heart. 
Acardiotrophia, ah-kar-de-o-trof'e-a (a, kardia, 
heart, trophe, nourishment). Atrophy of the heart. 
Acar'dus. Acardiac. 
Acariasis, ak-ar-e'as-is (acarus, itch insect). Sca- 
bies. 
Acaricide, ak'ar-e-side (acarus, credo, to kill). De- 
stroyer of acari, as of Acarus scabiei. 
Acaricoba, ak-ar-ik-o'bah. Brazilian name for Hy- 
drocotyle umbellatum; aromatic, alexipharmic, emetic. 
Acarina, ak-ar-e'nah (akares, mite). Order of 
Arachnida, in which head, thorax, and abdomen are 
fused in one mass. 
Acarinoses, ak-ar-in-o'ses (acarus, nosos, disease). 
Erosive catarrhs of skin, due to parasites, as wood tick, 
itch mite, harvest mite, etc. 
Acaro-dermatitis, ak'ar-o dur-mah-te'tis. Inflam- 
mation of skin caused by acarus. 
Acaron, ak'ar-on (small, short). Myrica gale. 
Acarotoxic, ak-ar-o-toks'ik (acarus, toxikon, poison). 
Acaricide. 
Acarpse, ah-kar'pe (a, karpos, fruit). Division of 
cutaneous diseases in which there is no " fruit," or 
production from cutaneous surface, as tubercles, vesi- 
cles, or pustules. Lentigo, chloasma, argyria, and pity- 
riasis belong to it. 
Acarpia, ah-kar'pe-ah (same etymon). Unfruitful- 
ness. 
Acarpous, ah-kar'pus. Barren; devoid of elevations. 
Acarus, ak'ar-us (a, karo, to divide). Minute in- 
sect, one species of which, A. scabiei, is the exciting 
cause of itch. A. America'nus, Pulex penetrans. A. 
autumna'lis, harvest bug. A. brachy'pus, Sarcoptes 
scabiei. A. ci'ro, see Psora. A. comedo'num, Acarus 
folliculorum. A. domes'ticus, common tick. A. dys- 
ente'risa, mite found in dysenteric evacuations. A. 
exul'cerans, Sarcoptes scabiei. A. folliculo'rum, ar- 
ticulated animalcule in sebaceous substance of cuta- 
neous follicles; see Parasites. A. hor'dei, barley mite, 
causing inflammation of skin. A. huma'nus, Sarcoptes 
scabiei. A. ric'inus, dog tick. A. sacch'ari, sugar 
acarus, occurring in sugar, and causing grocer's itch. 
A. sca'biei, acarus; Sarcoptes scabiei, see Psora. 
Acatalepsia, ah-kat-a-Iep'se-ah. Acatalepsy. 
Acatalepsy, ah-kat'a-lep-se (a, katalambano, to com- 
prehend). Uncertainty in diagnosis; dementia; epi- 
lepsy. Its opposite is catalepsy. 
Acataleptic, ah-kat-ah-lep'tic. Relating to, or af- 
fected with, acatalepsy. 
Acata'lis. See Juniperus communis. 
Acataphasia, ah-kat-ah-fah'zhe-ah. Akataphasia. 
Acataposis, ah-kah-tap'o-sis (a, kataposis, degluti- 
tion). Incapacity of swallowing; difficulty of deglu- 
tition. 
Acatastasia, ah-kat-as-tah'se-ah. Akatastasia. 
Acatastatic, ah-kat-as-tat'ik (a, kathistemi, to deter- 
mine). An epithet for fevers, etc. irregular in periods 
or symptoms. 
Acatera, ak-at-e'rah. Juniperus communis. 
Acatharsia, ah-kath-ar'se-ah (a, katharizo, to 
purge). Sordes; impurities; omission of a purgative; 
absence of discharge, such as menses. 
Acathartus, ah-kath-ar'tus. Not having discharge, 
as of menses. 
Acatopotos, ah-kah-top'o-tos (same etymon). Not 
capable of being swallowed. 
7 
ACCIPITER 
Acatsjaval'li. Astringent aromatic Malabar plant 
used in hemicrania; Cassythra filiformis. 
Acaudate, ah-kaw'date (a, cauda, tail). Without a 
tail; deficient as to coccyx. 
Acaweria, ak-ah-wa're-ah. Ophioxylum. 
Acayiba. Anocardium occidentale. 
Accel'erans (ac, celer, quick). Nerve from medulla 
to heart. 
Acceleration, ak-sel-er-a'shun. Increased motion 
or activity of functions, fluids, or muscular actions. 
Accelerator, ak-sel'er-a-tor. Muscle stimulating or 
increasing discharge, as of urine. A. nerves, those 
which increase cardiac action. A. par'tus, ecbolic, 
abortifacient. A. sem'inis, A. urinae. A. uri'nae, 
muscle of penis, arising, fleshy, from sphincter ani 
and membranous part of urethra, and tendinous from 
crus and beginning of corpus cavernosum penis, the 
muscles of both sides completely enclosing bulb of 
urethra; inserted into its fellow by tendinous line 
running longitudinally on middle of bulb. Its use is 
to propel urine or semen forward. 
Accensio, ak-sen'se-o (accendo, to kindle). Kindling 
or lighting up of inflammation ; sensation of burning. 
Accent, ak'sent (ad, cano, to sing). Inflection or 
modification of voice, consisting in raising or dropping 
it on certain syllables. 
Accentuated, ak-sent'u-a-ted. Emphasized or un- 
naturally distinct, as cardiac sounds. 
Access, ak'ses. Accession, attack, paroxysm, copu- 
lation. 
Accessiflexor, ak-ses-se-fleks'or. Auxiliary flexor 
muscles of the fingers and toes. 
Accession, ak-ses'shun (accedo, to approach). In- 
vasion, approach, or commencement of disease. 
Accessorii orbicularis oris, ak-ses-so're-e or-bik- 
u-lar'is. Small muscles passing from the jaws and 
forming part of corners of mouth. 
Accessorium, ak-ses-so're-um. Appendage. 
Accessorius, ak-ses-so're-us. Accessory; spinal ac- 
cessory nerve. A. flexo'ris lon'gi digito'rum pe'dis, 
see Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perforans 
(accessorius). A. obturato'ris inter'ni, gemelli mus- 
cles. A. pe'dis hippocam'pi, see Cornu ammonis. A. 
ad sacro-lumbalem, see Sacro-lumbar. A. saphe'ni 
exte'rius, communicans peronei. A. tricip'itis, dorso- 
epitrochlearis. A. Willis'ii, spinal accessory nerve. 
Accessory, ak-ses'so-re. A consequence or depend- 
ence on anything; as, accessory ligament, muscle, 
nerve, etc. A. aud'itory nu'cleus, ganglion of auditory 
nerve. A. brach'ial mus'cle, brachialis accessorius. 
A. car'tilages, small cartilages in cartilages of nose. 
A. floc'culus, small lobule of cerebellum on inferior 
peduncle. A. glands of pan'creas, glands of Brun- 
ner. A. liv'er, additional lobule of liver. A. ob'tu- 
rator nerve, occasional branch to hip-joint and pec- 
tineus muscle. A. pancreat'ic duct, occasional addi- 
tional duct, opening into small intestine. A. parot'id 
gland, small gland accompanying parotid duct, and 
commonly mere prolongation of parotid itself ; see 
Parotid gland. A. process, tubercle at base of trans- 
verse process of lumbar vertebra. A. pyr'amid, lobule 
on inferior surface of middle lobe of cerebellum. A. 
thy'roid glands, small bodies near thyroid gland, 
having similar appearance. A. par va'gum, spinal 
nerve. 
Accessus, ak-ses'sus. Coition, paroxysm. 
Accidens, ak'se-dens (accido, to happen). Symptom, 
accident. 
Accident, ak'se-dent. Casualty, unforeseen event, 
symptom; unexpected symptom, miscarriage. 
Accident'al. That which happens unexpectedly, 
see Tissue, accidental. A. an'us, artificial anus. A. 
col'ors, complementary colors-any two colors which 
combine and give white light. A. hem'orrhage, that 
occurring during pregnancy. A. im'ages, persistent 
impression on retina. 
Accidentalism, ak-se-dent'al-ism. Doctrine of dis- 
ease founded on symptoms rather than causes. 
Accidentalist, ak-se-dent'al-ist. One who treats 
symptoms rather than causes. 
Accipiter, ak-sip'e-ter (accipio, to take). The hawk; ACCISA 
bandage applied over nose, so called from likeness to 
claw of hawk. A. quin'queceps, same bandage with 
five heads. A. tri'ceps, one made with three heads. 
Acci'sa. Leaves of Ilex Paraguayensis. 
Acclimated (ak-kli'ma-ted) or Acclimatized. Ac- 
customed to a climate. 
Acclimation, ak-kli-ma'shun. Climation, seasoning. 
Act of becoming acclimated or accustomed to a cli- 
mate. 
Acclimatization, ak-kli-ma-ti-za'shun. Acclima- 
tion. 
Acclimatized, ak-kli'ma-tized. Acclimated. 
Acclivis, ak-kle'vis. Obliquus internus muscle. 
Accocay. Bark of Senegal, having febrifuge prop- 
erties. 
Accommodation, ak-kom-mo-da'shun. Ability of 
the eye to accommodate itself by change of refractive 
condition to different distances. This is regulated by 
the ciliary muscle. Within a certain line of vision 
(accommodation line) no change of accommodation is 
required. Also accommodation of foetus to the canal 
during parturition. A., ab'solute, separate accom- 
modation of each eye. A., astheno'pia of, see As- 
thenopia. A. line, see Accommodation. A., mech'an- 
ism of, method and apparatus of eye concerned in 
accommodation. A., neg'ative, adjustment of the 
two eyes when passive or resting. A., paral'ysis of, 
paralysis of ciliary muscle. A. phos'phenes, streaks 
of light visible in the dark after accommodation of 
the eyes. A., range of, distance between nearest and 
most remote points of distinct vision. A., spasm of, 
spasmodic contraction of ciliary muscle. A., tension 
of, tension or contraction of ciliary muscle. 
Accompaniment, ak - kum' pa - ni - ment (ac, com- 
pagnon, associate). That which is joined to any- 
thing ; as, accompaniment of the cataract, whitish, 
viscid substance sometimes surrounding the opaque 
crystalline lens, and remaining after operation, caus- 
ing what was once called secondary cataract. 
Accouchee (F.). One delivered of a child. 
Accouchement (F.), ak-koosh'mong. Parturition. 
Accoucheur (F.), ak-koo-shur'. One who practises 
art of midwifery. Accoucheuse is such female practi- 
tioner. 
Accrementition, ak-kre-men-tish'un. Augmenta- 
tion or growth by division or new formation, or addi- 
tion of similar material. 
Accretion, ak-kre'shun (ac, cresco, to increase). 
Augmentation; increase by juxtaposition; adhesion. 
Accubation, ak-ku-ba'shun (accubo, to recline). Re- 
clining position; taking to one's bed, as from sickness. 
Accubitus, ac-cu'bit-us (accubo, to recline). Lying 
of a person with another, as young person with old 
one, or healthy person with one that is sick; a couch. 
Accumulation, ak-ku-mu-la'shun. Excess from re- 
tention, as in fecal impaction. 
Accumulator, ak-ku'mu-la-tor. Apparatus-as jar 
-for storage of electricity. 
Accusatio, ak-ku-sah'she-o (ac, causa, cause). Indi- 
cation. 
Acedia, ah-sa'de-ah (a, kedos, care). Want of care ; 
neglect; fatigue; melancholy. 
Acella, ah-sel'lah. Axilla. 
A. C. E. mixture. Alcohol 1 part, chloroform 2 
parts, ether 3 parts; anaesthetic. 
Aceognosia, ah-se-og-no'ze-ah (akeomai, to cure, 
gnosis, knowledge). Knowledge "of drugs. 
Aceology, ak-e-ol'o-je (akeomai, to cure, logos, dis- 
course). Materia medica; akology. 
Acephalaemia, a-sef-al-e'me-ah (acepTiaZo, haima, 
blood). Want of blood; anaemia of the brain. 
Acephalia or Acephalism, ah-sef-ah'le-ah, ah-sef'- 
al-ism. See Acephalus. 
Acephalo, ah-sef'al-o (kephale, head). In composi- 
tion, devoid of head. 
Acephalobrachius, ah-sef-ah-lo-brak'e-us (acephalo, 
brachion, arm). Foetus without head or arms; con- 
dition is Acephalobrach'ia. 
Acephalocardia, ah-sef-al-o-kard'e-ah (acephalo, 
kardia, heart). Monstrosity with absence of head and 
heart; monster is called Acephalocar'dius. 
8 
ACERIC 
Acephalocheirus or Acephalochirus, ah-sef-al-o- 
ki'rus (acephalo, cheir, hand). Foetus without head 
or hands; state of Acephalocheir'ia or Acephalochir'ia. 
Acephalocyst, ah-sef'al-o-sist (acepfecdo, kustis, blad- 
der.) Hydatiform vesicle without head or visible 
organs, formerly ranked among Entozoa, although 
possessed of few animated characteristics; frequently 
found in the liver. Generally it is the multiple aceph- 
alocyst, acephalocystis socialis or prolifera; at times 
the solitary acephalocyst, acephalocystis eremita or 
sterilis. The acephalocystis endogena, pillbox hydatid, 
has a firm coat and is composed of different layers, 
having numbers of smaller hydatids within them, 
and thrown off from interior of parent cyst. In the 
acephalocystis exogena of ruminant animals the 
young vesicles are developed from the exterior of 
parent vesicles. See Hydatid. . 
Acephalocystis, a-sef-al-o-sis'tis. Acephalocyst. A. 
endog'ena, A. eremi'ta, and A. exog'ena, see Aceph- 
alocyst and Parasites. A. multi'fida, see Parasites. 
A. pla'na, concretions in tendinous and muscular 
sheaths. A. prolif'era, A. socia'lis, and A. ster'ilis, 
see Acephalocyst. A. racemo'sa, hydatid mole of 
uterus. 
Acephalogaster, ah-sef-al-o-gas'ter (acephalo, gaster, 
belly). Monster devoid of head, chest, and abdomen; 
or having abdomen, but no chest or head; condition 
is Acephalogas' tria. 
Acephalopodia, ah-sef-al-o-pod'e-ah. See Acephalo- 
podus. 
Acephalopodus, ah-sef-al-op'o-dus (acephalo, pous, 
foot). Monster devoid of head and feet; condition is 
Acephalopod' ia. 
Acephalorhachia, ah-sef-al-o-rhack'e-ah (acephalo, 
rhachis, spine). Absence of head and spine. 
Acephalostoma, ah-sef-al-os'to-mah (acephalo, stoma, 
mouth.) Acephalous foetus, at upper part of which 
there is opening resembling mouth; such monster is 
termed A cephalos'tomus; condition is Acephalostom'ia. 
Acephalothoracia, ah-sef-al-o-tho-rah'se-ah (aceph- 
alo, thorax). Monstrosity with absence of head and 
chest; the individual is called Acephalotho'rus. ■ 
Acephalus, ah-seph'al-us (a, kephale, head). Born de- 
void of head; the condition is Acepha'tta or Aceph'alism. 
A. dibrach'ius, headless monster having both upper 
limbs, but imperfect. A. monobrach'ius, headless 
monster with one upper limb. A. sym/pus, headless 
monster with conical termination of trunk from fusion 
of lower extremities. 
Acer, ah'ser. Acrid; generic name of maple trees, 
Aceracese. A. palmifo'lium (acer, maple), A. sac- 
charinum. A. Pennsylva'nicum, striped maple, 
whistle-wood, striped dogwood; decoction of bark 
used internally and externally in cutaneous affec- 
tions ; and of leaves and twigs in nausea and vomit- 
ing. A. ru'brum, red or swamp maple; indigenous; 
inner bark is mild astringent. A. sacchari'num, 
maple, rock maple, sugar maple, contains sweet sap, 
whence sugar may be extracted, scarcely to be dis- 
tinguished from that from cane. 
Aceracese, ah-sur-ah'se-e. See Acer. 
Aceras anthropophora, ah'ser-as an-thro-pof'o-rah 
(a, keras, horn). Green man, man orchis; leaves are 
sudorific. 
Acerates (ah-ser-ah'tes) decum'bens. Plant of 
South-western States and Mexico, genus Asclepiadese; 
used for snake-bites. A. longifo'lia, long-leaved 
green milk-weed; indigenous, diaphoretic. 
Aceratosis, ah-ser-at-o'sis (a, keras, horn). Defective 
development of corneous tissue. 
Aceratotherion, ah-ser-at-o-tha're-on. Monster with 
defective development of corneous tissue. 
Aceratus, ah-ser'at-us (a, keras, horn, or a, keran- 
numi, to mix). Not mixed or corrupted; without 
horns, or deficient in corneous tissue. 
Acerb, ah-serb' (acer, sharp). Savor or taste, acid, 
bitter, and astringent, such as that of unripe fruits, etc. 
Acerb'ity. Acidity with astringency. 
Acercus, a-ser'kus (kerkos, tail). Monster devoid of 
tail or of coccyx. 
Aceric, a-se'rik (acer, maple tree). Relating to the ACERIDES 
maple tree, as aceric acid, which is obtained from the 
sap of the maple tree. 
Acerides (ah-ser'e-des) or Acerodes, ah-ser'o-des (a, 
cera, wax). Plasters devoid of wax. 
Acervuli (ah-serv'u-le) gland'ulse pinea'lis. See 
Pineal. 
Acervulus (ah-serv'u-lus) cer'ebri (dim. of acervus, 
heap). See Pineal gland. 
Acescency (as-es'sen-se) or Aces'cence (acesco, to 
grow sour). Disposition to acidity, as in wines. 
Acescentia, as-es-sen'she-ah. Acescency; also food 
causing acidity of stomach. 
Acesia (as-a'se-ah) or Ac'esis. Cure, medicament; 
water sage. 
Acesinosus, as-es-e-no'sus. Curative. 
Acesiponus, as-es-ip'on-us (akesis, cure, ponos, pain). 
Anodyne. k 
Acesius, as-a'si-us. Curative. 
Acesma, as-es'ma. Medicament. 
Acesmius (as-es'me-us) or Aces'mus. Curable. 
Acesodyne, as-es'o-dine (akesis, cure, odune, pain). 
Anodyne. 
Acesophorus, as-es-of'o-rus (akesis, cure, phoreo, to 
carry). Curative. 
Acester (as-es'ter) or Aces'tor. Physician. 
Aces'tis. Medicament. 
Acestoria, as-es-to're-ah. Medicine or healing art. 
Aces'toris. Midwife, female physician. 
Acestos, as-es'tos. Curable. 
Aces'tra. Needle. 
Aces'tria or Acestris. Midwife. 
Aces'tron or Aces'trum. Medicament. 
Aceta medicata, as-e'ta med-i-cah'ta. Medicated 
vinegars. Officinal name of vinegars (Ph. U. S. 
and Br.); these are Acetum lobelise, A. opii, 
A. sanguinariae, and A. scillae. See Acetum and 
Acetica. 
Acetabula uterina, as-e-tab'u-lah u-ter-e'nah (pl. 
of Acetabulum). Cotyledons. 
Acetabular, as-e-tab'u-lar. Relating to the ace- 
tabulum ; as, A. artery, branch of obturator artery to 
hip-joint; A. bone, rare bone at junction of pubes 
and acetabulum; A. fossa, fossa in acetabulum to 
which round ligament is attached. 
Acetab'uliform. Shape of acetabulum; cup- 
shaped. 
Acetabulum, as-e-tab'u-lum (acetum, because it re- 
sembles old vinegar vessels). Measure capable of 
containing eighth part of modern pint. Cup-shaped 
depression in hip-bone to receive head of femur. 
Lobes or cotyledons of placentae of ruminating ani- 
mals-acetabula. See Cotyle and Cotyloid. A., hu'meri, 
glenoid fossa of scapula. A. mari'num, umbilicus 
marinus. 
Acetal, as'e-tal. CeHuOa. Ethylidene ethylate, 
ethylidene diethyl ether. Result of oxidation of 
ethylic alcohol; ethereal liquid, sp. gr. 0.831 at 68° F. 
Hypnotic. 
Acetal'dehyde. Aldehyde. 
Acetamid, as-et'a-mid. Crystallized substance from 
action of ammonia on acetic ether. 
Acetanilid, as-e-tan'il-id. CsHgNO. Phenylace- 
tamid, antifebrin. Chemical result of action of glacial 
acetic acid on pure aniline at a high temperature; 
white crystalline powder, soluble in hot water, alcohol, 
and ether. Dose, three to six grains or more as anti- 
pyretic. Toxic in large doses, sometimes depressant 
in small doses. 
Acetaria, as-a-tah're-ah (from acetum). Salad ot 
pickle. 
Acetas, as-a'tas. Acetate. A. sethyl'icus, acetic 
ether. A. alumin'icus or A. argil'lse, aluminium 
acetate. A. ammo'nicus, ammonium acetate. A. 
cal'clcus, calcium acetate. A. cu'pricus, copper ace- 
tate. A. ka'licus, potassium acetate. A. morph'icus 
or morphein'icus, morphine acetate. A. nat'ricus, 
sodium acetate. A. plum'bicus, lead acetate. A. 
potas'sicus, potassium acetate. A. quin'icus, quinine 
acetate. A. so'dicus, sodium acetate. A. strych'ni- 
cus, strychnia acetate. A. zin'cicus, zinc acetate. 
Acetate, as'e-tate. Salt formed by union of acetic 
9 
ACETUM 
acid with alkaline, earthy, or metallic base. See Am- 
monii acetas, Plumbi acetas, Ferri acetas, etc. 
Acetic acid, as-e'tik as'id. Acid of vinegar; de- 
rived from oxidation or dry distillation of wood. 
Hydrate or hydrated oxide of ethyl, C2H4O2. A. al'- 
dehyde, aldehyde. A. ether, see AEther sulphuricus 
and Anaesthetics. 
Acetica, as-a'te-kah. Preparations of vinegar. 
Aceticum acidum, as-e'te-kum as'id-um. Acidum 
aceticum glaciate (Ph. B.), glacial acetic acid, strong ace- 
tous acid, radical vinegar; spirit of verdigris, when 
made from verdigris. Concentrated acetic acid, pre- 
pared by decomposing an acetate and receiving acetic 
acid by distillation. Very pungent and grateful odor, 
acid and acrid taste. Rubefacient and escharotic; 
used to destroy warts, etc. Acidum aceticum, acetic 
acid, sp. gr. 1.048 (Ph. U. S.). Results from purification 
of crude acetic acid, pyroligneous acid, obtained by de- 
structive distillation of wood. Colorless volatile liquid 
of pungent smell and sharp taste; vapor is stimulating 
in syncope, headache, etc., and when the acid is di- 
luted sufficiently it is refrigerant and diaphoretic; 
employed also as local remedy in cancer. An aromatic 
spirit of vinegar was formed of this strong acid, cam- 
phor, and alcohol. A strong acetic acid was formerly 
ordered by the London Pharmacopoeia, prepared from 
wood; it was called vinegar of wood, improved dis- 
tilled vinegar, pyroligneous acid, acetum lignorum. 
Acidum aceticum dilutum, distilled vinegar, is pre- 
pared by distilling vinegar until seven-eighths have 
passed over. Acidum aceticum dilutum (Ph. U. S.), di- 
luted acetic acid, is made by mixing 17 parts of acetic 
acid with 83 parts of distilled water; its properties are 
like those of vinegar. 
Ace'ticum martia'le. Ferri acetas. 
Acetidin, as-et'id-in. Acetic ether. 
Acetite, as'e-tite. Salt of acetous acid. 
Acetomel, as-et'o-mel. Oxymel. 
Acetometer, as-e-tom'et-ur (acetum, vinegar, metron, 
measure). Instrument for ascertaining strength of 
commercial acetic acid. Such process is Acetom' etry. 
Acetonsemia, as - e - ton - e' me - ah. Condition of 
nervous derangement, peculiar odor of breath, etc., 
supposed to be due to presence of acetone in the 
blood, it having, according to some writers, the prop- 
erty of breaking up blood-corpuscles. 
Acetone, as'e-tone. CsHsO. Pyroacetic spirit or Ether, 
Mesitic alcohol, Bihydrate of mesitylene, erroneously 
called Naphtha, Wood naphtha, and Pyroxylic spirit. 
Limpid, colorless, inflammable, liquid, with peculiarly 
penetrating and slightly empyreumatic odor. Den- 
sity in liquid state almost same as that of alcohol; 
taste analogous to that of peppermint; miscible in all 
proportions with water, alcohol, and ether; prepared 
by distillation of wood, of the acetates of sugar and 
other carbohydrates; feeble anaesthetic; excitant in 
chronic bronchitis; used also in gout, rheumatism, 
and worms. 
Acetonuria, as-e-ton-u're-ah. Excess of acetone in 
urine, as in cancer, fevers, diabetes, alcoholism, etc. 
Acetophenilidine, as-e-to-fen-il'e-deen. Phe- 
nacetine. 
Aceto-phenone, as'e-to-fe'none. Hypnone. 
Acetosa alpina, as-a-to'sah al-pe'nah. Rumex 
alpinus. A. arven'sis, Rumex acetosa. A. nos'tras, 
Rumex acetosa. A. officina'lis, Rumex acetosa. A. 
oxal'idis, Rumex acetosa. A. praten'sis, Rumex 
acetosa. A. rom'ana, Rumex scutatus. A. rotundi- 
fol'ia, Rumex scutatus. A. scuta'ta, Rumex scutatus. 
A. vulga'ris, Rumex acetosa. 
Acetosella, as-a-to-sel'lah. Oxalis acetosella. 
Acetphenetidine, ah-set-fe-net'e-deen. Derivative 
of phenetidine; phenacetin ; antipyretic. 
Acetum, as-e'tum. Common vinegar (acer, sharp). 
Liquor obtained by acetous fermentation; pungent 
odor, pleasant acid taste. Officinal preparation made 
with vinegar or acetic acid. It is refrigerant in 
fevers; antiseptic and antinarcotic. Dose, to 
Externally, it is stimulant and discutient. 
Vinegar whey is made by stirring small wine-glassful 
of vinegar, sweetened with dessert-spoonful of sugar, ACETYL 
in pint of milk, boiling for fifteen minutes, and 
straining; agreeable drink in febrile affections. A. 
acer'rimum, distilled vinegar. A. aceto'sum, dis- 
tilled vinegar. A. antisep'ticum, A. aromaticum. 
A. aromat'icum, thieves' vinegar, vinegar of the 
four thieves, Marseilles vinegar. Aromatic herbs or 
oils infused or dissolved in vinegar or acetic acid, 
made of fresh aromatic herbs steeped in vinegar. 
Used as perfume. A. Berolinen'se, A. aromaticum. 
A. bezoard'icum, A. aromaticum. A. Britan'nicum, 
acetum. A. camphora'tum, camphorated vinegar. 
A. canthar'idis, vinegar of cantharides, a preparation 
of Ph. B., used as a prompt vesicant. A. cardi'a- 
cum, A. aromaticum. A. cerevis'ise, vinegar. A. 
col'chici, vinegar of meadow saffron. Preparation 
formally officinal in Ph. U. S. It is used as a diuretic, 
and also in gout. Dose, to fgiss. A. commu'ne, 
vinegar. A. concentra'tum, acetic acid or concen- 
trated vinegar. A. cru'dum, acetum. A. destilla'- 
tum, see Aceticum acidum. A. emet'icum, antimony 
acetate. A. empyreumat'icum, wood vinegar. A. 
Gal'licum, acetum. A. glacia'le, glacial acetic acid. 
A. ligno'rum, see Aceticum acidum. A. lobe'liae (Ph. 
U. S.), vinegar of lobelia. Employed in all cases in 
which lobelia is indicated. Dose, 30 to 60 drops or 
more; as emetic, A. muls'um dul'ce, oxyglu- 
cus. A. o'pii, (Ph. U. S.), black drop made with 
diluted acetic acid. Its strength is one grain of opium 
in nearly ten of the solution. Dose is same as that 
of laudanum. A. phenyla'tum, carbolated vinegar. 
A. plum'bicum or saturni'num, solution of subace- 
tate of lead. A. propirylac'ticum, acetum aromati- 
cum. A. purifica'tum, A. destillatum. A. pu'rum, 
distilled vinegar. A. pyroligneo'sum, wood vinegar. 
A. quat'uor fu'rum ot latro'num, acetum aromati- 
cum. A. radica'le, aceticum acidum. A. rosa'tum, 
oxyrrhodinon. A. ru'bi idoe'i, raspberry vinegar. A. 
sanguina'riae (Ph. U. S.), vinegar of bloodroot, made 
by action of diluted acetic acid on sanguinaria. Dose, 
as expectorant, gtt. xv-xxx; as emetic, A. 
satur'ni, solution of subacetate of lead in dilute 
acetic acid. A. scil'lse, vinegar of squills. Officinal 
in Ph. U. S. and Br.; made by action of diluted acetic 
acid on squills; usually employed to make the syrup; 
dose is Ifixv-xxx. Diuretic, expectorant, and emetic. 
A. scillit'icum, A. scillae. A. theba'icum, acetum opii. 
A. theriaca'le, A. aromaticum. A. vi'ni, vinegar. 
Acetyl, as'e-til, C2H3O, hypothetical radicle of ace- 
tic acid. The bromide, chloride, iodide, and oxide 
are the most important compounds. 
Acetylphenylhydrazine, as-e-til-fen-il-hy'dra-zeen. 
Hydracetine. 
Achaca'na. Edible cactus of Peru. 
Achalybaemia (ah-kal-ib-e'me-ah) or Achalybhse- 
mia, ah-kal-ib-he'me-ah (a, chalups, steel, haima, blood). 
Deficiency of iron in the blood. 
Achana'ca. African sudorific and antisyphilitic 
plant. 
Achaovan or Achoavan. Egyptian chamomile used 
in jaundice. A. abiat, Egyptian plant, Cineraria 
maritima, used for diseases of women. 
A'char. Atchar. 
Achariston (ah-kar-is',ton) or AcharisTum (acharis- 
tos, thankless). Rapidly-acting drug, thus bringing 
little or no profit to medical attendant. 
Ache, ake (achos, pain). To be affected with pain. 
Achebone, ake'bone. Innominate bone. 
Acheilia (ah-ki'le-ah) or Achilia (a, cheilos, lip). 
Malformation consisting in deficiency of lip or lips. 
Acheilus (ah-ki'lus) or Achilus. One without lips. 
A'cheir (a, cheir, hand). One devoid of hands. 
Acheiria, ah-ki're-ah. State of being without hands. 
Achelia, a-ka'le-ah. Acheilia. 
Acherois, ak-er-o'is. White poplar. 
A'chia or A'chiar. Pickled shoots of Indian bam- 
boo atchar. 
Achicolum, ah - chik' 0 - lum. Sudatory, sweating- 
house, sweating-bath. Sweating-room in ancient bag- 
nios. Sweating-baths were once known in England as 
hot-houses. 
Achilia, ak-e'le-ah. Acheilia. 
10 
ACHOR 
Achillea ageratum, ak-il-le'ah ah-ge'rah-tum (after 
Achilles). Maudlin, Sweet maudlin, Maudlin tansy. 
Ord. Composite. Same bitter and aromatic properties 
as tansy; used for dyspepsia, constipation, worms, 
etc. A. ambig'ua, A. millefolium. A. atra'ta, Al- 
pine species used in diarrhoea, pneumonia, etc. A. 
falca'ta, leaves are used in Levant and the East in 
hypochondriasis. A. her'ba-ro'ta, plant of S. Eu- 
rope ; essential oil is sudorific and emmenagogue. A. 
i'va, A. moschata. A. lu'tea, A. ageratum. A. mil- 
lefo'lium, Nosebleed, Bastard pellitory, Ydrrow, or Mil- 
foil. Herb and flowers of achillea (Ph. U. S.) have aro- 
matic smell, rough, bitterish, somewhat pungent taste; 
bitter aromatic tonic, used in dyspepsia, flatulence, ma- 
larial fevers, hemorrhage, etc. Extract of plant, made 
with proof spirit and called Achillein, is used by Ital- 
ians in intermittent fever. Name achillein also given 
to alkaloid from Achillea millefolium and A. mos- 
chata. Achilleic acid has also been obtained from it. 
Glucoside, called achillein, has been obtained from 
some species of Achillea. A. moscha'ta, Alpine 
plant, diaphoretic and stomachic tonic. Volatile oil, 
esprit d'lva, is obtained from it in Switzerland; much 
prized for its musky odor. It is stimulant, antispas- 
modic. A. myriophyl'lon, A. millefolium. A. os'- 
sica, A. millefolium. A. ptar'mica, Snekzewort, Bas- 
tard pellitory. Eoots and flowers of this plant of 
Northern United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia 
have hot, biting taste, approaching that of pyrethrum. 
Principal use is as masticatory and sialagogue. A. 
seta'cea, Hungarian plant, tonic and stimulant. A. 
visco'sa, A. ageratum. 
Achille'ic acid. See Achillea millefolium. 
Achillein, ak-kil-le'in. See Achillea millefolium. 
Achilleis, ak-kil-le'is. Species of barley, decoction 
of which was used in fevers and jaundice. 
Achilles (ak-il'lees) ten'don. Achillis tendo. A. 
ten'don reaction or re'flex, see Reflex. 
Achilletin, ah-kil-la'tin. Substance produced by 
action of dilute acids upon achillein. 
Achilleum, ak-il-le'um. Telephium. 
Achillis (ak-il'lis) tendo. Tendon of Achilles, 
Achilles tendon, heelstring; strong tendon of gastroc- 
nemii muscles above heel; so called because only 
vulnerable part of Achilles, or because of its strength; 
largest tendon in the body. See Gastrocnemii. 
Achillotenotomy, ak-il-lo-ten-ot'o-me. Division or 
section of tendon Achillis. 
Achillotomy, ak-il-lot'o-me. Achillotenotomy. 
Achilus, ah-ke'lus (a, chilos, fodder). Deficient in 
nourishment; without lips; acheilus. 
Achimbassi. Archiater or chief physician; magis- 
trate at Grand Cairo who licensed physicians. 
A'chir. Without hands; acheir. 
Achl'ria. State of being without hands; acheiria. 
Achitolus, atch-it'o-lus. Sweating-room of ancient 
bath. 
Achlorop'sia (a, priv, chloros, green color, opsis, 
sight). Inability to distinguish green. 
Achlys, ak'lys. Opacity of cornea. 
Achmella, ak-mel'la. Spilanthus acmella. 
Achne, ak-ne. Lint, see Linteum ; mucous flocculi 
seen in front of cornea; froth; scraped lint. 
Acholia, ah-kol'e-ah (a, chole, bile). Deficiency or 
want of bile; obstruction to escape of bile; Asiatic 
cholera. 
Acholus, ak'o-lus. Acholic; wanting bile; one de- 
ficient in bile. 
Achondroplasia, ah-kon-dro-plah'ze-ah (a, chondr os, 
cartilage, plasso, to form). Imperfect formation or 
development of cartilage. 
Achor, ah'kor. Small superficial ulceration on skin 
of face and head. A. bar'batus, sycosis. A. cap'itis, 
porrigo scutellatus, scabies capitis. A. favo'sus, favus. 
A. granula'tus, impetigo, followed by granular crust. 
A. lactumino'sus, A. larvalis. A. mucif'luus or mu- 
co'sus, favus; eczema with mucous discharge. A. 
larvaTis or larva'tus, porrigo larvalis. A. muco'sus, 
favus. A. Schoenlein'ii, tinea trichophytina. A. scu- 
tella'tus, seborrhcea sicca, porrigo larvalis, crusta 
lactea. ACHORDAL 
Achord'al. Formed separately from or away from 
the chorda dorsalis; spheno-ethmoidal portion of base 
of skull. 
Achoresis, ah-kor-a'sis (a, choreo, to make room). 
Diminution of capacity of bladder or other cavity. 
Achoria, ah-ko'ri-a. Achoresis; mammalia which 
are devoid of chorion. 
Acho'rion. Fungous organism in the skin- and 
hair-follicles. A. keratoph'agus, fungus producing 
onychomycosis. A. Lebert'ii, see Porrigo decalvans 
and Parasites. A. Schoenlein'ii, see Porrigo favosa 
and Parasites. 
Achoristus, ah-ko-ris'tus (a, chorizo, to separate). 
Any sign necessarily accompanying state of health or 
disease. 
A'chras Austra'lis (achras, wild pear). Sapota. A. 
bala'ta or dissec'ta, species of Sapotacese, bruised 
leaves of which are applied in paralysis; fruit is said 
to aid digestion. A. mammo'sa, Sapota mammosa; 
American marmalade; Jamaica bully-tree; Mammee. 
Milky juice is emetic; externally caustic, as for warts. 
A. Milleri or Muller! grows in Central America, yields 
balata, from which bougies are made. A. sapo'ta, 
sapota. A. zapota or zapotu, sapota. 
Achroa, ah'kro-ah (a, chroa, color). Paleness of 
cachectic condition. 
Achroi, ah'kroi (a, chroma, color). Pale individuals; 
nearly synonymous with leiphsemi, persons without 
color; bloodless. Condition is called Achroi'a. 
Achroma (ah-kro'ma) or Achroma'sia (a, chroma, 
color). Partial privation of color of skin; vitiligo; 
see Albino. A. vitili'go, vitiligo, as in the pied negro. 
Achromader'ma (a, chroma, color). Leucoderma. 
Achromasia (ah-kro-mah'ze-ah) or Achroma'tia. 
Decoloration; achroma. 
Achromat!, ah-kro'mah-te. Achroi. 
Achromatic, ah-kro-mat'ic. Devoid of color, or not 
producing it; lens constructed to correct aberration 
of refrangibility of common lenses is so termed. 
The crystalline is an achromatic lens. 
Achromatin, ah-kro'mah-tin. Term applied to 
nuclear filaments devoid of chromatism, which have 
special affinity for coloring matters, and do not become 
thoroughly stained by microscopic agents. 
Achromatism, a-kro'ma-tism. Absence of chro- 
matic aberration. 
Achromatisti, ah-kro-mah-tis'te. Achroi. 
Achromatis'tous. Having unhealthy pallor of 
cachexias. 
Achromatopsia (ah-kro-mah-top'se-a) or Achroma- 
top'sis, («, chroma, color, optomai, to see). Dichromic 
Vision, Dichromism, Acritochromacy, Idiotcy, Daltonism. 
Color-blindness; a defect situate in cerebral part of 
visual organ. 
Achromatopsy, ah-kro'mah-top-se. Achromatopsia. 
Achromatoses, ah-kro-mah-to'ses. Cutaneous dis- 
eases attended with deficiency of pigment formation 
in skin. 
Achromi, ah-kro'me. Achroi. 
Achromia, ah-kro'me-ah. Achroma; albinism. 
Achromodermia, ah-kro-mo-dur'me-ah. Albinism. 
Achrobdextrin, ak-ro-o-dex'triu. Acroodextrin. 
Achylia (ah-kile'e-ah) or Achylosis, ah-kile-o'sis (a, 
chulos, juice, chyle). Defective chylosis or formation 
of chyle. 
Achylous, ah-kile'us. Without chyle; juiceless. 
Achymosis, ah-ke-mo'sis (a, chumos, juice, chyme). 
Defective chymification. 
Achymous, ah-kime'us. Deficient in chyme or 
chyle. 
Achyranthes (ak-er-an'thes) as'pera (achuron, chaff, 
anthe, flower). Species of Achyranthese growing in 
Egypt, India, Africa, etc., known as cadelari; diuretic 
and astringent. A. ca'lea, Mexican plant; febrifuge. 
A. fruti'cosa, of East Indies, has similar properties 
to A. aspera. A. globulifoTia, employed in Madagas- 
car as antisyphilitic. A. lana'ta, chaya-root, diu- 
retic, is derived from this species. A. obtusifo'lia, 
Indian species, with diuretic properties. A. re'pens, 
forty knot; indigenous; decoction is diuretic in dropsy, 
ischuria, etc. A. vir'idis, leaves are emollient. 
11 
ACID 
Achyrodes, ak-er-o'des. Acerosus. 
Achyron, ak-e'ron. Furfur. 
Achyrophorous, ak-e-rof'o-rus (achuron, chaff, pho- 
reo, to bear). Apargioides ; species of Composite eaten 
in Chile as food, escorzonera. A. scorzone'ras, simi- 
larly used under same name. A. sessiliflo'rus, de- 
coction of this New Granadan species is expectorant. 
Achytus, ah'ke-tus (a, chutos, fluid). Not flowing; 
retained without possibility of discharge. 
Acia, ah'se-ah (alcis, point). Needle; thread; kind 
of suture. 
Acicular, as-ik'u-lar. Pointed like a needle. 
Acicus, as'e-kus. Infirm. 
Acid, as'id (afcis, point). Sharp; sour, especially 
as applied to odorous or sapid substances; substance 
electro-negative, changing blue litmus to red, capable 
of saturating bases to form salts. Sharp and shrill, as 
the voice. Acids are a class of substances usually 
sour, soluble, reddening litmus, and getting color 
changed by alkalies, and forming with alkalies alka- 
line salts. A., ace'tic, aceticum acidum. A., ace'tic 
of commerce, pyroligneous acid. A., ace'tic, dilute, 
see Aceticum acidum. A., ace'tic, gla'cial, aceticum 
acidum. A., ace'tous, strong, aceticum acidum. A., 
achille'ic, see Achillea millefolium. A., acry'lic, see 
Acrylic acid. A., a'erial or of air, carbonic acid. A., 
albu'min, from action of dilute acids on serum or 
white of egg. A., allan'toic, see Allantoic acid. A., 
am'nic or amniot'ic, allantoic acid. A., antimo'ni- 
ous, antimonium diaphoreticum. A. of ants, for- 
mic acid. A. of apples, malic acid. A., ar'a- 
bic, arabin. A., arse'nious, arsenicum album. A., 
atrop'ic, see Tropic acid. A., au'ric, see Gold. A., 
azo'tic, nitric acid. A., benzu'ric, acid, hippuric. 
A., bezoar'dic, uric acid. A., bil'iary. There are 
several of these, chief of which are taurocholic, gly- 
cocholic, and hyoglycocholic acids. A., bo'ric, see 
Boric. A., bromohy'dric, hydrobromic acid. A., 
buty'ric, see Butyric. A., calca'reous, carbonic 
acid. A., cal'culous, uric acid. A., camphor'ic, 
result of protracted action of hot nitric acid on cam- 
phor. In white odorless crystals; used in sore throat, 
coryza, bronchitis, cystitis, night-sweats, etc. Cam- 
phorates of quinia, morphia, and atropia have been 
given in same cases as valerianates of same bases. 
A., carbazot'ic, Nitropicric acid, Carbonitric acid, 
Picric or Trinitrophenic acid. Frequently formed 
by action of concentrated nitric acid on animal 
and vegetable substances, and especially on oil of 
tar. Like carbazotates or picrates, it is tonic, as- 
tringent, and antiperiodic. A., carbol'ic, see Car- 
bolic. A., carbol'ic, impure, see Carbolic. A., car- 
bona'ceous, carbonic acid. A., carbon'ic, carbonic 
acid. A., carbonl'tric, acid, carbazotic. A., car- 
bo'nous, oxalic acid. A., ca'seic, lactic acid. A., ca- 
thar'tic, see Cathartic acid. A., cer'ebric, cerebric acid. 
A., cetra'ric, bitter principle of Cetraria Icelandica. 
A., chalk'y, carbonic acid. A., chino'vic, acid, kinovic. 
A., chlorace'tic, see Chloracetic. A., chlorohy'dric, 
muriatic acid. A., cho'lic, see Cholic. A., chro'mic, 
see Chromic. A., chrysophan'ic, chrysophanic acid. 
A., clncho'nic, A., kinic. A., cinchotan'nic, tannic 
acid of cinchona-bark, but differing in its reactions 
from tannic acid ofdgalls. A. cinnam'ic or cinna- 
myl'ic, used in lupus, tuberculosis, etc. A., ci trie, 
see Citric. A., cresyl'ic, see Carbolic acid. A.., cro- 
ton'ic, see Croton tiglium. A., cube'bic, principle from 
cubebs, used in gonorrhoea. A., cyanhy'dric, hydro- 
cyanic acid. A., cyanohy'dric, hydrocyanic acid. A., 
del'phic, acidum valerianicum. A., delphin'ic, acidum 
valerianicum. A., dephlogis'ticated marine, chlorine. 
A., fat'ty, acid of fatty hydrocarbons, or of fixed oils 
and fats, such as oleic acid. A., for'mic, see Formic. A., 
galac'tic, lactic acid. A., gal'lie, acid prepared from 
galls, found in most astringent plants containing tan- 
nic acid of kind obtained from galls; in delicate, silky 
needles, somewhat yellowish, inodorous, and of harsh, 
astringent taste; dissolves in 100 parts of cold and 3 
parts of boiling water; very soluble in alcohol, but 
slightly so i'' ether; astringent, especially used in 
internal hen »rrhage, as from intestines, urinary ACID 
organs and uterus, and in various disorders attended 
by excessive secretion. Dose, from 5 to 10 or 20 
grains; used externally in form of glycerite to sore 
throats, and in ointment to hemorrhoids, unguen- 
tum gallae (Ph. U. S.). A. of galls, acid, gallic. A., 
gas'tric, see Gastric juice. A., glycoch'olic, cholic 
acid. A., gum'mic, arabin. A., gynocar'dic, chaul- 
moogra oil. A., hippu'ric, urobenzoic, urino-benzoic, 
or benzuric stcid; acid found in urine of graminivorous 
animals and in human urine, especially after benzoic 
acid has been taken. See Hippuric. A., hyariod'ic, 
made by action of iodine on phosphorus in presence 
of water; used medicinally in officinal syrup, contain- 
ing 1 per cent, of acid; dose, of syrup Ex- 
cellent method of introducing iodine into system and 
producing its alterative effects ; used in same cases as 
preparations of iodine in general. A., hydrobro'mic, 
see Hydrobromic. A., hydrocarbon'ic, acidum ox- 
alicum. A., hydrochlo'ric, muriatic acid. A., hy- 
drochloric, dilute, dilute muriatic acid. A., hydro- 
chloroni'tric, nitromuriatic acid. A., hydrocyan'ic, 
see Hydrocyanic. A., hydrocyanic, dilute, see Hy- 
drocyanic acid. A., hydrofluo'ric, see Hydrofluoric. 
A., hydrosulphu'ric, hydrogen, sulphuretted. A., 
hydrothion'ic, hydrogen, sulphuretted. A., igasu'ric, 
see Jatropha curcas. A., ino'sic, see Muscle. A.,io'dic, 
white, transparent solid, slightly deliquescent, very 
soluble in water; given with sulphate of quinia in 
hoarseness, scrofula, incipient phthisis, chronic in- 
flammation, syphilis, etc. Dose, 3 to 6 grains or more. 
A., jatroph'ic, see Jatrophacurcas. A., ki'nic, C7H12O6, 
exists in various plants, but is usually prepared from 
kinate of calcium, which is left as residue in manu- 
facture of sulphate of quinine; by heating kinic acid 
or a kinate with manganese dioxide and sulphuric 
acid, kinone or quinone, C6H4O2, is obtained. Kinic 
acid acts on the system like other vegetable acids. See 
Kinate. A., kino'vic or kinovat'ic, quinovic or chino- 
vic acid; kinova bitter, C28H34O4; found in chinova- 
bark and bark of plants of genus Nauclea; given in 
diarrhoea and dysentery, and as a febrifuge; also 
used in form of kinate of calcium. A., lac'tic, see 
Lactic. A. of lemons, citric acid. A., lithen'ic, uric 
acid. A., lithi'asic, uric acid. A., lith'ic, uric acid. 
A., mangan'ic, see Potassii permanganas. A., marine, 
hydrochloric acid. A., marine, a'erated, chlorine. A., 
marine, dephlogis'ticated, chlorine. A., marine, dul- 
cified, spiritus aetheris muriatici. A., meco'nic, see 
Meconic. A., mephit'ic, carbonic acid. A., of milk, 
lactic acid. A., muriat'ic, see Muriatic. A., muri- 
at'ic, dilute, see Muriatic acid. A., nance'ic, lactic 
acid. A., ni'tric, see Nitric. A., ni'tric, dilute, see 
Nitric acid. A., ni'tro-hydrochlo'ric, nitromuriatic 
acid. A., nitro-hydrochlo'ric, dilute, acidum nitro- 
hydrochloricum dilutum. A., nitromuriat'ic, nitro- 
muriatic acid. A., nitropic'ric, acid, carbazotic. A., 
ni'trous, dephlogis'ticated, nitric acid. A., ole'ic, 
acidum oleicum (Ph. U. S.). Yellowish oily liquid, 
used as bland application to skin, and as addition to 
ointments and other external applications; used in 
manufacture of oleates. See Oleates. A., os'mic, see 
Osmic. A., oxal'ic, see Oxalic. A., oxysep'tonic, 
nitric acid. A., paraffin'icum, see Paraffin. A., phe'- 
nic, carbolic acid. A., phenyl'ic, carbolic acid. A., 
phenylsulphu'ric, sulphocarbolic acid. A., phos- 
phor'ic, dilute, acidum phosphoricum dilutum. A., 
phosphor'icum, see Phosphoric. A., pic'ric, acid, 
carbazotic. A., pneu'mic (pneumon, lung), crystal- 
lizable principle found in substance of lung of mam- 
malia; used in pulverized state in phthisis. A., po- 
lyg'alic, see Polygala senega. A., prus'sic, hydrocy- 
anic acid. A., pyroace'tic, or A., pyroxyl'ic, acetic 
acid. A., pyrogal'lic, see Pyrogallic. A., pyrolig'- 
neous, pyroligneous acid, see Aceticum acidum. A., 
pyrolig'nic, pyroligneous acid. A., quercitan'nic, 
tannin. A., qui'nic, A., kinic. A., quino'vic, acid, 
kinovic. A., ricino'leic, see Ricinoleic. A., rosa'cic, 
see Porphyruria. A., salicyl'ic, see Salicylic. A., 
sclerotin'ic, see Ergota. A. of sea-salts, hydrochloric 
acid. A. of sor'rel, oxalic acid. A. if su'gar, ox- 
alic acid. A. of sugar of milk, m cic acid. A., 
12 
ACIDUM 
sulphhy'dric, hydrogen, sulphuretted. A., sulpho- 
carbol'ic, see Sulphocarbolic. A., sulphohy'dric, 
hydrogen, sulphuretted. A., sulphophe'nic, sulpho- 
carbolic acid. A., sulpho vi'nic, ethyl-sulphuric acid, 
from addition of sulphuric acid to alcohol; yellowish 
astringent liquid, dissolving iodoform, camphor, sul- 
phur, and other remedies for skin diseases; hence 
used as vehicle for them. Sulphovinate of sodium is 
given internally as cathartic. A., sulphu'ric, see 
Sulphuric. A., sulphu'ric, aromatic, acidum sulphu- 
ricum aromaticum. A., sulphu'ric, dilute, acidum 
sulphuricum dilutum. A., sul'phurous, acidum 
sulphurosum. A., tan'nic, tannin. A. of tar'tar, 
tartaric acid. A., tauroch'olic, cholic acid. A., 
thy'mic, see Thymic. A., trinitrophe'nic, acid, car- 
bazotic. A., tro'pic, see Tropic. A., u'ric, see Uric. 
A. of u'rine, uric acid; phosphoric acid. A., urino- 
benzo'ic, acid, hippuric. A., urobenzo'ic, acid, 
hippuric. A., u'rous, uric oxide. A., uryl'ic, uric 
acid. A., valeria'nic, acidum valerianicum. A., 
vale'ric, acidum valerianicum. A., vitriol'ic, sul- 
phuric acid. A. of wood, pyroligneous acid. A., 
zoo'tic or zootin'ic, hydrocyanic acid. 
A'cid albu'min. Proteid dissolved in strong acid 
and having acid reaction. A. rad'icle, element or 
elements forming acid with hydrogen. 
Acidiferous, as-id-if'er-us (acidum, acid, fero, to 
bear). Capable of being converted into an acid. 
Acidifiable, as-id-i-fl'a-bl (acidum, fio, to become). 
Convertible into an acid. 
Acidification, as-id-i-fi-ca'shun. Change to an acid 
condition. 
Acid'ifying prin'ciple. Name formerly given to 
oxygen, as it was supposed that oxygen was required 
to form acids. 
Acidimeter, as-id-im'eter (acidum, metron, measure). 
Hybrid term to denote instrument to determine 
strength of acid. 
Acidimetry (as-id-im'-e-tre) or Acidom'etry. Meas- 
urement of amount of acid. See Acidometer. 
Aciditatio (as-id-e-tah'she-o) or Acidit'ies. Sour- 
ness of stomach, indicated by acid eructations, etc.; 
common affection of children; must be obviated by 
absorbents, as magnesia, chalk, etc., and regulated 
diet. 
Acidity, as-id'i-te. Acid condition; sourness, as 
of stomach; excessive amount of acid secretion in 
stomach. 
Acidology, as-id-ol'o-je (ahis, sharp instrument, 
logos, a description). Description of surgical instru- 
ments. 
Acidometer, as-id-om'e-tur (acidwm, metron, meas- 
ure). Hydrometer for determining density of acids. 
Instrument to measure amount of acid. 
Acidometry. See Acidimetry. 
Acido-peirastica, as-e'do-pi-ras'te-kah (ahis, point, 
peiraso, to test). Puncture for exploratory purposes. 
Acidosteophyte, as-id-os'te-o-fite (afcis, point, osteon, 
bone, phuton, growth). Pointed exostosis or osteo- 
phyte. 
Acids. See Acid. 
Acidulate, as-id'u-late. To render acidulous or 
slightly acid. 
Acidulous, as-id'u-lus. Possessing sourish taste, as 
acidulous fruits, oranges, gooseberries, etc. A. waters, 
mineral waters containing carbonic acid gas sufficient 
to render them sourish. See JPaters. mineral. A. 
water, sim'ple, aqua acidi carbonici (Ph. U. S.), 
soda water, mineral water, water impregnated with 
carbonic acid. There is no carbonate of sodium in it. 
It is cooling and slightly stimulating; used benefically 
in dyspepsia and in vomiting, etc., and an excellent 
refrigerant in fever, given ice-cold and in small quan- 
tities oft repeated. 
Acidum, as'id-um. Acid. A. ace'ticum, aceticum 
acidum. A. ace'ticum aroma'ticum, acetum aro- 
maticum. A. ace'ticum camphora'tum, aromatic 
spirit of vinegar. A. ace'ticum debil'ius, see Aceti- 
cum acidum. A. ace'ticum destilla'tum, see Aceti- 
cum acidum. A. ace'ticum dilu'tum, see Aceticum 
acidum. A., ace'ticum e lig'no ven'ale, pyrolig- ACIDUM 
neous acid. A. ace'ticum empyreumat'icum, py- 
roligneous acid. A. ace'ticum for'te, aceticum aci- 
dum. A. ace'ticum for'tius, aceticum acidum. A. 
ace'ticum glacia'le, aceticum acidum. A. ace- 
ticum pu'rum, aceticum acidum. A. ace'ticum 
pyroligno'sum, pyroligneous acid. A. ace'ticum 
scillit'icum, acetum scillae. A. ace'ticum ten'ue, 
see Aceticum acidum. A. acetosel'lee, oxalic acid. 
A. aceto'sum, acetum. A. aceto'sum camphora'- 
tum, aromatic spirit of vinegar. A. a'dipis, acid 
of fat. A. ae'reum, carbonic acid. A. alcohol'- 
icum, acetic acid. A. allanto'icum, allantoic acid. 
A. am'nicum or amnio'ticum, amniotic acid. A. 
arsenico'sum, arsenious acid. A. arsen'icum, ar- 
senic acid. A. arsenio'sum, arsenicum album. A. 
aseptin'icum, aseptinic acid. A. atmosphser'i- 
cum, carbonic acid. A. atrop'icum, see Tropic 
acid. A. azo'ticum, nitric acid. A. henzo'icum, 
benzoin, flowers of. A. benzoyl'icum, benzoin, 
flowers of. A. bezoar'dicum, uric acid. A. bora'- 
cicum or bo'ricum, boracic acid. A. borosalicyl'- 
icum, borosalicylic acid. A. borus'sicum, hydro- 
cyanic acid. A. bromhy'dricum, hydrobromic acid. 
A. buty'ricum, butyric acid. A. camphor'icum, 
acid, camphoric. A. carbazot'icum, acid, carbazotic. 
A. carbol'icum, carbolic acid. A. carbol'icum im- 
pu'rum, carbolic acid, impure. A. carbon'icum, car- 
bonic acid. A. cathart'icum, see Cassia senna and 
Rhamnus. A. chi'nicum, quinic acid. A. chlorhy'- 
dricum, hydrochloric acid. A. chlo'ricum, chloric 
acid. A. chloroace'ticum, dichloroacetic acid. A. 
chlorohydrargy'ricum, corrosive sublimate. A. 
chlorohydrocyan'icum, chlorohydrocyanic acid. A. 
chlorohydrogena'tum, hydrochloric acid. A. chlo- 
ronitro'sum, nitromuriatic acid. A. chro'micum, 
chromic acid. A. chrysophan'icum, chrysophanic 
acid. A. cit'ricum, citric acid. A. copaib'icum, 
resin of copaiba. A. cresyl'icum, cresylic acid. A. 
creta'ceum, carbonic acid. A. cu'prlcum, cupric 
acid. A. cyanhy'dricum, hydrocyanic acid. A. 
elain'icum, oleic acid. A. fluo'ricum, hydrofluoric 
acid. A. formica'rum, formic acid. A. galac'ticum, 
lactic acid. A. galla'ceum, gal'lse or galla'rum, 
acid gallic. A. glycochol'icum, glycocholic acid. 
A. gynocar'dicum, gynocardic acid. A. hippu'- 
ricum, acid, hippuric. A. hydriod'icum, acid hydri- 
odic. A. hydriod'icum dilutum,, see Acid, hydriodic, 
A. hydrobro'micum or hydrobroma'tum, hydro- 
bromic acid. A. hydrocarbon'icum, oxalic acid. 
A. hydrochlo'ricum or hydrochlora'tum, hydro- 
chloric acid. A. hydrochlo'ricum dilu'tum, dilute, 
hydrochloric acid. A. hydrochloroni'tricum, nitro- 
hydrochloric acid. A. hydrocyan'icum, hydrocyanic 
acid. A. hydrocyan'icum dilu'tum, see Hydrocyanic 
acid. A. hydrofluor'icum, hydrofluoric acid. A. 
hydroioda'tum or hydroio'dicum, hydriodic acid. 
A. hydrosulfura'tum, hydrosulfu'ricum, hydrosul- 
phura'tum, or hydrosulphu'ricum, hydrogen, sul- 
phide. A. hydrothion'icum, hydrogen sulphide. A. 
hydrothion'icum liq'uidum, see Hydrosulphuretted 
water, A. hyperos'micum, osmic acid. A. hypo- 
chloro'sum, hypochlorous acid. A. ioda'tum or 
iodhy'dricum, hydriodic acid. A. io'dicum, acid, 
iodic. A. jatroph'icum, see Jatropha curcas. A. 
kino'vicum, acid, kinovic. A. lac'ticum or lac'tis, 
lactic acid. A. lig'neum or lig'ni py'ro-oleo'sum, or 
ligno'rum empyreumat'icum, pyroligneous acid. A. 
limo'nis or limo'num, citric acid. A. lith'icum, 
uric acid. A. ma'licum, malic acid. A. mari'nse 
or mari'num, hydrochloric acid. A. meco'nicum, 
meconic acid. A. mephit'icum, carbon dioxide. A. 
mercu'ricum, mercuric acid. A. morbo'sum, morbid 
acidity, as of stomach. A. muriat'icum, M. acidum. 
A. muriat'icum dilu'tum, muriatic acid. A. 
muriat'icum nitro'so-oxygena'tum, nitromuriatic 
acid. A. ni'tri, nitric acid. A. ni'tri dulsiflca'tum 
or vino'sum, spiritus setheris nitrosi. A. nitrico- 
hydrochlora'tum, nitrohydrochloric "acid. A. ni'- 
tricum, see- Nitric. A. ni'tricum dilu'tum, nitric 
acid. A. ni'tricum vena'le, commercial nitric acid. 
A. nitrochlorhy'dricum or nitrohydrochlo'ricum, 
13 
5 ACINI 
nitromuriatic acid. A. nitromuriat'icum, nitromu- 
riatic acid. A. nitromuriat'icum dilu'tum, dilute 
nitro-muriatic acid. A. nitro-nitro'sum, fuming ni- 
tric acid. A. nitroxan'thicum, picric acid. A. ole'i- 
cum or olein'icum, oleic acid. A. osmin'icum, osmic 
acid. A. os'sium, phosphoric acid. A. oxal'icum 
or oxali'num, oxalic acid. A. peros'micum, osmic 
acid. A. phe'nicum or phenyl'icum or phenylo'sum, 
carbolic acid. A. phosphor'icum, phosphoric acid. 
A. phosphoro'sum, phosphorous acid. A. pic'ricum 
or picrin'icum, acid, carbazotic. A. pneu'micum, 
acid, pneumic. A. po'micum, malic acid. A., prima'- 
rum via'rum, acidities. A. prus'sicum, hydrocyanic 
acid. A. pyroace'ticum, pyroligneous acid. A. 
pyrogal'licum, pyrogallic acid. A. pyrolig'neum, 
pyroligneous acid. A. pyroxyl'icum, pyrolig- 
neous acid. A. quercitan'nicum, tannin. A. qui'ni- 
cum, quinic acid. A. quino'vicum, acid, kinovic. 
A. sac'chari or sacchari'num, oxalic acid. A. 
salicyl'icum, salicylic acid. A. sa'lis or sa'lis 
culina'ris, or sa'lis mari'ni, muriatic acid. A. 
sclerotin'icum, see Ergot. A. scytodeph'icum, 
tannin. A. sep'ticum, nitric acid. A. stearin'icum, 
stearic acid. A. stib'icum, antimonic acid. A. 
stibio'sum, antimonious acid. A. suc'cini or suc- 
cin'icum, succinic acid. A. sulfhy'dricum or sulfo- 
hydrogena'tum, hydrogen sulphide. A. sulfuo'- 
sum, sulphurous acid. A. sulfu'ricum, sulphuric 
acid. A. sulphohy'dricum, hydrogen sulphide. A. 
sulphu'ricum, sulphuric acid. A. sulphu'ricum 
alcoolisa'tum, elixir acidum Halleri. A. sulphu'ri- 
cum aromat'icum, sulphuric acid, aromatic. A. 
sulphu'ricum dilu'tum, sulphuric acid, diluted. A. 
sulphu'ricum vena'le,, commercial sulphuric acid. 
A. sulph'uris, sulphuric acid. A. sulph'uris volat'ile, 
sulphurous acid. A. sulphuro'sicum or sulphuro'- 
sum, sulphurous acid. A. tan'nicum, tannin. A. 
tar'tari, A. tar'tari essentia'le, tartar'icum, or 
tartaro'sum, tartaric acid. A. thy'micum, thymol. 
A. trinitrophe'nicum, picric acid. A. trop'icum, 
tropic acid. A. u'ricum or uri'nae, acid of urine; 
uric or phosphoric acid; uric acid. A. urolith'icum, 
uric acid. A. valerian'icum or vale'ricum, vale- 
rianic or valeric acid. Acid found in valerian plants, 
angelica root, oil of Delphinus giobiceps (delphic or 
delphinic acid), etc. Produced, also, by oxidation of 
fusel oil and albuminous matters, and by putrefaction 
of animal substances, but in greater quantity in rotten 
cheese. Dose, gtt. v-xv., as a nervine. A. vitri'oli 
or vitriol'icum, sulphuric acid. A. vitriol'icum 
alcoho'le aromat'icum, acidum sulphuricum aro- 
maticum. A. vitriol'icum aromat'icum, acidum 
sulphuricum aromaticum. A. vitriol'icum vino'sum, 
elixir acidum Halleri. A. zoo'ticum or zootin'icum, 
hydrocyanic acid. 
Acidurgia, as-id-ur'je-ah (afcis, sharp instrument, 
ergon, work). Operative surgery. 
Acies, ah'se-aze (steel). Chalybs; eminence at side 
of foramen of Monro; pupil of eye; keen eyesight. 
A. digito'rum ma'nus (acies, phalanx), see Phalanx. 
A. diur'na (acies, keen eyesight), hemeralopia. 
Aciesis, ah-se-a'sis. Acyesis. 
Acinesia (ah-sin-a'ze-ah) or Acine'sis, ah-sin-a'sis 
(a, Icineo, to move). Absence, depravation, or loss of 
power of motion; period of rest of heart between 
systole and diastole; rest. 
Acinesiatrophia, ah-sin-a-ze-at-rof'e-ah (a, kinesis, 
motion, trophe, nourishment). Atrophy from want 
of nourishment or loss of muscular power. 
Acineses, ah-sin-a'ses. Neuroses of which acinecis 
is chief symptom. 
Acinesic (ah-sin-e'zik) or Acinetic, ah-sin-et'ik. 
Affected with loss of muscular power or motor paral- 
ysis ; agent capable of producing such effect. 
Acine'sis. Acinesia. 
Acinetatrophia, ah-sin-et-at-rof'e-ah. Acinesi- 
atrophia. 
Acini, as'in-e, pl. of Acinus. See Corpora Ufalpighiana 
and Spleen. A. bilio'si, acini or lobules of liver. A. 
glandulo'si, acini of a gland. A. inter'ni, acini of 
Malpighi. A. lie'nis, corpuscles of spleen, see Spleen. ACINIFORM 
A. of Malpig'hi, see Corpora Malpighiana and Spleen. 
A. rena'les, corpora Malpighiana. 
Ac'iniform. Like a bunch of grapes. A. tunic, 
the choroid, uvea, etc. 
Acinos, as'in-os. Species of thyme, formerly used 
internally as an astringent, and externally as an ap- 
plication to ulcers, etc. 
Acinose (as'in-ose) or Acinous, as'in-us. Like 
grapes, as acinous lobules or acini. See Acinus. 
Acino-tubular, as'in-o-tu'bu-lar. Glands having 
acini and tubules for secretion. 
A'cinus, A. glandulo'sus {acinus, hunch of grapes). 
A glandiform corpuscle; smallest part of a racemose 
gland, in which secretion takes place and the excre- 
tory radicle arises; minute lobule of lung or liver; 
portion of duct of racemose gland communicating 
with alveolar cavities; small closed cavity in ductless 
gland, such as the thyroid. Acini glandulosi are found 
in glands like the pancreas, arranged in clusters; such 
glands are called glandulse acinosse, acinous glands. 
See Lobule and Acini. 
Acipen'ser. See Ichthyocolla. 
Acis, as'is {akis, point). Sharp point; acute pain; 
bandage. 
Aciur'gia {akis, sharp instrument, ergon, work). 
Operative surgery. 
Aclastic, ah-klas'tik {a, klao, to break). Not re- 
fracting. 
Acleidian, ah-kleid'e-an (a, kleis, clavicle). Devoid 
of clavicle or clavicles. 
Acleitocardia, ah-klei-to-kar'de-ah {akleitos, not 
closed, kardia, heart). Cyanopathy or blue disease 
from imperfectly closed foramen ovale. 
Acmse, ak'me {akme, prime of life). Acme; acne. 
Acmseamorpha, ak-me-ah-mor'fah. Amorpha or 
intertrigo of adults. 
Acmseochlorosis, ak-me-o-klo-ro'sis. Chlorosis of 
adults. 
Acmaeopimelorrhoea, ak - me - o - pirn - el - or-rhe'ah. 
Pimelorrhcea or seborrhcea oleosa of adults. 
Acmoeopolysarcia, ak-me-o-pol-e-sark'e-ah. Poly- 
sarcia or excessive obesity of adults. 
Acmaeos, ak-me'os (vigorous). Adult; in full ma- 
turity. 
Acinas'tic (akme, astikos, unmarked). Continuous, 
as a fever which preserves an equal degree of inten- 
sity throughout its course. 
Ac'me. Vigor. Period of disease at which the 
symptoms are most violent. Arche is the commence- 
ment, anabasis the period of increase, acme the height. 
Acne. 
Acme'la, Aeme'lia, Acmel'la. Spilanthus acmella. 
A. Linnee'i, plant of India and S. America; sialagogue 
and antiscorbutic. A. Mauritia'na, Spilanthus ac- 
mella. A. re'pens, grows in United States; has same 
properties as A. Linnaei. 
Ac'mon. Incus. 
Ac'na. Acne. 
Ac'ne (akme, bloom, or ake, point). Stonepock, Whelk, 
Bubucle. Chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands 
and surrounding tissues; papules, pustules, or tuber- 
cles usually appearing on the forehead, pimples on 
chin, breast, and back. Group of diseases of skin, in- 
cluding acne, eczema, and strophulus. A., ad'enoid, 
disseminated variety of A. vulgaris. A. al'bida, 
milium. A. artificia'lis, eruption due to use of cer- 
tain drugs, as iodine, bromine, etc. A. atroph'ica, 
acne accompanied with atrophy and subsequent scars; 
a form of lupus erythematosus. A. broma'ta, acne 
from internal use of bromides. A. cachectico'rum, 
acne of cachectic or broken-down persons, on the 
trunk or limbs. A. cervi'cis, inflammation of folli- 
cles of cervix uteri. A. cilia'rls, inflammation of 
sebaceous glands of edge of eyelids. A. coagmina'ta, 
acne in which pustules are aggregated together. A. 
contagio'sa, pustular affection of horses. A. cor'nea, 
acne with indurated sebaceous matter; follicular ich- 
thyosis. A. dissemina'ta, disseminated variety of A. 
vulgaris. A. erythemato'sa, A. rosacea. A. fronta'lis, 
A. varioloformis. A. granulo'sa, A. cachecticorum. A. 
horde'olans or hordeola'ris, acne in which pustules 
14 
ACONDYLOUS 
are like grains of barley. A. hypertroph/ica, acne 
accompanied with hypertrophy; hypertrophic form of 
A. rosacea. A. indura'ta, acne with hardened pap- 
ules or tubercles. A. ioda'ta, acne from internal use 
of iodine or iodides. A. ke'loid, dermatitis papillaris 
capillitii. A. kerato'sa, variety of A. vulgaris, the hair- 
follicles becoming horny. A. medicamento'sa, acne 
from internal use of drugs. A. ment'agra, sycosis. A. 
milia'ris, milium; pustular acne rosacea. A. mol- 
lus'cum, molluscum contagiosum. A. papulo'sum, 
papular form of acne. A. pend'ulum, molluscum 
pendulum. A. picea'lis, papular form of acne from 
external use of tar. A. puncta'ta, papular form of 
acne with comedones. A. pustulo'sa, pustular form 
of acne that is usually met with, the pustules being 
aggregated together. A. rosa'cea, gutta rosea.' A. 
scrophuloso'rum, A. cachecticorum. A. seba'cea, 
seborrhoea, xeroderma. A. seni'lis, gutta rosea. A. 
sim/plex, acne. A. sola'ris, papular acne on parts 
of the body exposed to the sun. A. strophulo'sa, 
milium, strophulus albidus. A. syphilit'ica, pustular 
syphilide; acne of the throat; follicular pharyngitis. 
A. tubera'ta or tuberculo'sa, A. indurata. A. um- 
bilica'ta, A. varioloformis. A. variolofor'mis, pus- 
tular form attended with eruption like smallpox; 
molluscum contagiosum. A. viri'lis, acne indurata. 
A. vulga'ris, term including three forms: A. simplex, 
A. indurata, A. punctata. 
Ac'neform. Resembling acne. 
Acne'mia (a, kneme, leg). Absence or imperfect de- 
velopment of legs. 
Acnemos, ak-na'mos. One affected with acnemia. 
Acnesmos, ak-nes'mos (a, knesmos, itching). Free 
from itching. 
Acnes'tis (a, knao, to scratch). Part of spine extend- 
ing in quadrupeds from between the shoulders to the 
loins: middle of the loins; vertebral column; nettle. 
Ac'nida cannab'ina. Virginia hemp. 
Acnisos, ak-ne'sos (a, knisa, fat). Thin. 
Acoccygeus, ah-kok-se-ja'us (a, kokkux, coccyx). 
Devoid of coccyx; without tail. 
Acoe, ak'o-a. Audition ; ear. 
Accelia, ah-se'le-ah (a, koilia, cavity). Absence of 
cavity; deficiency of abdomen. 
Accelius, ah-se'le-us (a, koilia, belly). Devoid of 
belly; one so emaciated as to appear to have no 
belly. 
Acoelosis, ah-se-lo'sis. Accelia. 
Acoemeter, ak-o-e'me-tur (afcoe, hearing, metron, 
measure). Acoumeter. 
Acoemetrum, ak-o-a'me-trum. Acoumeter. 
Acoenosi, ak-o-en'o-se (akoe, hearing, nosos, disease). 
Diseases of audition or organ of hearing. 
Acoesis, ak-o-e'sis. Audition. 
Acognosia, ak-og-no'se-ah (akos, remedy, gnosis, 
knowledge). Study of drugs. 
Acography, ak-og'ra-fe (akos, grapho, to describe). 
Description of drugs or remedies. 
Acolabls, ak-ol'ah-bis (akis, point, labis, forceps). 
Artery forceps. 
Acolasia, ah-ko-lah'se-ah (a, kolazo, to restrain). 
Intemperance, as of appetite or passions. 
Acolastic, ak-o-las'tik. Intemperate; pertaining to 
acolasia. 
Acology, ak-ol'o-je (akos, a remedy, logos, discourse). 
Materia medica; therapeutics; restricted by some to 
operative surgery, like aciurgia (from akis, point). 
Acolous, ah-ko'lus (a, priv., kolon, limb). Devoid of 
limbs or feet. 
Acoluthia, ak-o-lu'the-ah (sequence). Sequela. 
Acolyctine, ak-o'lik-teen. Alkaloid from Aconitum 
lycoctonum. 
Acomas, ak-o'mas. Name given to several trees in 
Guiana, roots of which are used in gonorrhoea. 
Acomia, ah-ko'me-ah (a, kome, hair). Want of hair, 
baldness, alopecia, acosmia. 
Ac'omus (same etymon). Devoid of hair. 
Ac'ona. West Indian shrub ; fruit is aromatic and 
stimulant. 
Acondylous, ah-kon'de-lus (a, priv., kondulos, joint). 
Not provided with joints. ACONE 
Acone, ah'ko-ne. Mortar. 
Aconella (ak-o-nel'lah) or Aconelline, ak-o-nel'Ieen. 
Alkaloid from Aconitum napellus, resembling narcotin 
in composition. 
Aconita, ak-o-ne'tah. Aconitine. 
Aconite, ak'o-nite. See Aconitum napellus. A., ab- 
stract of, abstraction aconiti. A., American, aconi- 
tum uncinatum. A., ex'tract of, extractum aconiti. 
A., flu'id ex'tract of, extractum aconiti fluidum. A., 
In'dian, Aconitum ferox. A. leaves, see Aconitum 
napellus. A. lin'iment, linimentum aconiti. A., 
moun'tain, Aconitum neomontanum. A., Nepal, 
various species of aconitum growing in Nepal. A. 
plas'ter, emplastrum aconiti. A. root, see Aconitum 
napellus. A., tinc'ture of, tinctura aconiti. A., win'ter, 
Eranthis hiemalis. 
Aconiti folia, ak-o-ne'te fo'le-ab. See Aconitum 
napellus. A. ra'dix (Ph. Br.), see Aconitum napellus. 
Aconitia, ak-o-nish'e-a. Aconitine. 
Aconit'ic acid. Crystallized acid in aconite and 
other plants; when citric acid is decomposed by heat 
this acid is one of the results. 
Aconitin, ak-on'it-in. Aconitine. 
Aconitina (Ph. Br.), ak-on-it-e'nah. Aconitine. 
Aconitine (ak-on-it-e'ne) azo'tas. Aconitine ni- 
trate. A. olea'tum, see Oleate; used externally in 
neuralgia. A. unguen'tum, ointment of aconitine; 
officinal in Ph. B., containing 1.6 parts of aconitine 
in 100 of ointment. 
Aconitine, ak-on'it-een. C33H43NO12. White pow- 
der, soluble in chloroform, alcohol, and ether, insoluble 
in water, very poisonous; active principle of Aconitum 
napellus and other Aconita; numbness and tingling 
are produced by even small fractional doses; power- 
ful cardiac sedative; it has been used internally, and 
externally as an oleate or ointment. Dose is gr. 
A. ni'trate, CaaHisNOnjHNOs. Moderately sol- 
uble salt. 
Aconiti'nuni. Aconitine. 
Aconitium, ak-o-nish'e-um. Aconitine. 
Aconitum, ak - on - e' turn (from Acone, a place in 
Bithynia). Wolfsbane, Monkshood. Ord. Ranuncu- 
lacese. Various species of aconitum have been used 
in medicine in fevers, throat affections, inflamma- 
tion of the lungs and bronchial tubes, etc.; they are 
all poisonous in different degrees. A. altigalea'- 
tum, A. cammarum. A. an'thora ot anthoroid'eum, 
Salutary monkshood, Wholesome wolfsbane, Yellow hel- 
met-flower. Root of this plant, growing in the Alps, 
is cathartic and anthelmintic. A. barba'tum, species 
from Siberia; root is stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic. 
A. Bernhardia'num, A. cammarum. A. cam'marum 
resembles Aconitum napellus in properties. A. Can- 
dol'lei, A. anthora. A. Chinen'se, Chinese species, 
the root of which is used to poison arrows and as local 
anaesthetic. A. columbia'num, A. anthora. A. eu'lo- 
plium, A. anthora. A. fe'rox, violent poison growing in 
Nepaul; bish or bikh poison of that country; its effects 
are like those of Aconitum napellus. A. Fisch'eri, 
a species growing in Japan and United States; very 
poisonous. A. heterophyl'lum, root of this Himalayan 
species has tonic and antiperiodic properties; plant is 
eaten as vegetable. A. interme'dium, A. neomon- 
tanum. A. Jacqul'ni, A. anthora. A. Japon'icum, 
species growing in Japan, root of which resembles in 
properties that of A. Chinense. A. Kusnezo'vii, A. 
cammarum. A. lu'teum, yellow aconite, A. lycocto- 
num. A. lycoc'tonum, great yellow wolfsbane; species 
growing in various parts of Europe; root is poisonous. 
A. macran'thum, A. cammarum. A. multif'idum, 
species of aconite having edible roots. A. napel'lus, 
Aconite, Common monkshood, or Wolfsbane; root, 
leaves, and flowering tops of this perennial herbaceous 
plant, indigenous in Asia and Northern Europe, are 
used medicinally; powerful sedative and anodyne. 
Leaves (aconiti folia, Ph. Br.) and root (aconiti ra- 
dix, Ph. Br., aconitum, Ph. U. S.) are both used. 
Aconite is seldom given in substance (the dose 
of the powder is gr. ss-ij), but usually in the form 
of extract or tincture; the chief pharmacopceial prep- 
arations are - abstractum aconiti, extractum aconi- 
15 
ACOSMIA 
ti, extractum aconiti fluidum, linimentuni aconiti, 
tinctura aconiti. Action and uses of aconite are 
referred to under its alkaloid, Aconitine. A. nasu'- 
tum, A. Fischeri. A. nemoro'sum, A. anthora. A. 
neomonta'num, mountain aconite of Europe; A. 
napellus. A. ochroleu'cum, non-poisonous Cau- 
casian species. A. palma'tum, non-poisonous Hima- 
layan species. A. panicula'tuin, A. cammarum. 
A. ponticum, A. lycoctonum. A. Pyrena'icum, 
species from Pyrenees, variety of A. lycoctonum. 
A. racemo'sum, Actsea spicata. A. reclina'tum, 
species growing in Southern United States. A. ro- 
stra'tum, A. cammarum. A. rotundifo'lium, species 
with edible roots. A. salutif'erum, A. anthora. A. 
scan'dens, A. uncinatum. A. septentriona'le, variety 
of A. lycoctonum growing in northern parts of Eu- 
rope, and having poisonous root. A. Sinen'se, Chi- 
nese aconite. A. spica'tum, variety of A. napellus. 
A. Stoerkea'num, species of aconitum, sometimes 
gathered by mistake for officinal aconite ; amount of 
alkaloid in it is, however, small. A. stric'tum, 
variety of A. napellus. A. uncina'tum, wild monks- 
hood ; indigenous; said to have virtues similar to 
Aconitum napellus. A. vanab'ile, A. napellus. A. 
variega'tum, A. cammarum. A. viro'sum, A. ferox. 
A. vulga'rum, A. napellus. A. vulpa'ria, A. lycoc- 
tonum. 
Aconusi, ak-on-u'se (akoe, audition, nosos, disease). 
Diseases of the ear and of audition. 
Acodnosi, ak-o-on'o-se. Aconusi. 
Acopon (ak'o-pon) or Acopum, ak'o-pum. Rem- 
edy against weariness. 
Acopria, ah-kop're-ah (a, kopros, excrement). Con- 
stipation ; defect in fecal formation. 
Acopro'des. Producing only small amount of ex- 
crement. 
Acoprosis, ah-kop-ro'sis. Constipation ; acopria. 
Acop'rous. Having only small amount of excre- 
ment. 
Ac'opum. Acopon. 
A'cor («cer, sour). Sourness. A. ace'ticus, glacial 
acetic acid. A. benzo'inus, benzoic acid. A. bora'- 
cicus, boric acid. A. hydrochlo'ricus, hydrochloric 
acid. A. phosphor'icus, phosphoric acid. A. Prus'- 
sicus, hydrocyanic acid. A. succin'eus or succin'- 
icus, succinic acid. A. sul'phuris, sulphuric acid. 
A. tartar'icus, tartaric acid. A. ventric'uli, acidity 
of stomach. 
Acorea, ah-kor'e-ah (a, pr., kore, the pupil). Absence 
of pupil of eye. 
Acores, ac-o'res. Acids; acidities. 
Acoria, ah-kor'e-ah (a, koreo, to satiate). Inordinate 
or canine appetite, or opposite state of moderation in 
eating. 
Acorin, ak'or-in. Bitter principle of calamus. 
Acormus, ah-kor'mus (a, kormos, trunk). Monster 
devoid of trunk. 
A'corn. Nut of oak-tree. A., Ju'piter's, Fagus 
castanea. A., oil'y, Guilandina moringa. A., Sar- 
din'ian, Fagus castanea. A., sweet, fruit of Quercus 
ballota. 
A'corns. Fruit of the oak, Quercus alba. 
Acorus adulterinus (ak'o-rus ad-ul-ter-e'nus). Iris 
pseudacorus. A. aromat'icus, A. calamus. A. Bra- 
silien'sis, A. calamus. A. cal'amus, sweet flag or 
acorus, flag-root, sweet cane, myrtle flag, sweet grass, 
sweet root, sweet rush, ord. Aroideae, indigenous in 
N. America and Asia. Rhizome, calamus (Ph. U. S.), is 
stomachic and carminative A. fal'sus, Iris pseud- 
acorus. A. gramin'eus, aromatic species growing in 
China, Japan, etc. A. Indicus, A. gramineus. A. 
odora'tus, A. calamus. A. palus'tris, Iris pseud- 
acorus. A. terres'tris, Chinese species, tonic and anti- 
spasmodic. A. ve'rus, A. calamus. A. vulga'ris, 
Iris pseudacorus. 
Acos, ah'kos. Remedy. 
Acosmia, ah-kos'me-ah (a, kosmos, order, ornament). 
Disorder; irregularity in critical days, according to 
Galen, who uses the word kosmos for regularity in 
those days. Others call bald persons akosmoi, because 
deprived of a beautiful ornament. ACOSMUS 
Acosmus, ah-kos'mus (same etymon). Affected 
with acosmia. 
Acoucroba. Plant of Guinea used in small-pox. 
Acoumeter, ak-oo'met-ur (akouo, to hear, metron, 
measure). Instrument for measuring degree of hear- 
ing. 
Acoumetry, ak-oo'me-try (same etymon). Measure- 
ment of degree of hearing. 
Acouometer, ak-oo-om'e-ter. Acoumeter. 
Acouophonia, ak-oo-o-fo'ne-ah. Acouophony. 
Acouophony, ak-oo-of'o-ne (akouo, to hear, phone, 
voice). Auscultatory percussion. Mode of auscul- 
tation, in which observer places ear on chest and 
analyzes sound produced by percussion. 
Acouoxylon, ak-oo-ox'il-on (akouo, to hear, xulon, 
wood). Stethoscope made of one piece of wood, de- 
vised by Niemeyer. 
Acouphonia, ak-oo-fo'ne-ah. Acouophonia. 
Acousia, ak-oos'e-ah. Involuntary action. 
Acousma, ak-oos'mah (akousma, anything heard). 
Imaginary noise ; depraved sense of hearing. 
Acousmetric (ak-oos-met'ric) or Acousmometric, 
ak-oos-mo-met'ric. Eelating to measurement of sense 
of hearing. 
Acoustic, ak-oos'tik (akoustikos, relating to hearing). 
That which belongs to the ear or to hearing. A. 
apparatus, see Ear. A. duct, external auditory 
meatus. A. med'icine, one used in diseased audition. 
A. nerve, auditory nerve. A. re'flex, see Reflex. A. 
stri'se, medullary striae. A. tu'bercle, projection on 
floor of fourth ventricle of brain. 
Acous'tica (same etymon). Remedies for impaired 
hearing. 
Acous'tico-mallae'us. Laxator tympani. 
Acoustics, ak-oos'ticks. Part of physics treating 
of theory of sounds. 
Acquired diseases, ak-kwired dis-eze'es. Ad- 
ventitious diseases; diseases which occur after birth, 
and are not dependent upon hereditary predisposition. 
A. move'ments, muscular actions that have become 
voluntary only after conscious effort. 
Acracholia, ak-rah-kol'e-ah (akros, extreme, chole, 
bile). Excessive temper or spleen. 
Acrsepala (ah-kre'pah-lah) or Acraipala, ah-kra'- 
pah-lah (a, kraipale, drunkenness). Remedies against 
effects of a debauch. 
Acreepalous, ak-re'pal-us (a, priv., kraipale, de- 
bauch). Having remedial power against the effects 
of a debauch. 
Ac'rai. Arabic term for satyriasis or excessive 
sexual irritation. 
Acralea, ak-ral'a-ah (akros, at the extremity). Ex- 
treme parts of the body, as head, hands, feet, nose, 
ears, etc. 
Acrania, ah-kran'e-ah (a, kr anion, cranium). Want 
of cranium, wholly or in part; monstrosity with such 
condition. 
Acranial, ah-krane'e-al. Vertebrate animals formed 
as described under Acrania. 
Acrasia, ah-krah'se-ah (krasis, mixture). Intem- 
perance ; excess of any kind. 
Acratia, ah-krat-e'ah (a, kratos, strength). Impo- 
tence ; weakness, fainting ; intemperance. 
Acratisma, ah-krat-iz'ma (akratos, unmixed). 
Breakfast of bread steeped in wine, not mixed with 
water. 
Acratocholus, ah-krat-ok'o-lus (akratos, unmixed, 
chole, bile). Produced by bile alone. 
Acratomeli, ah - krat - om' a - le (akratos, unmixed 
wine, meli, honey). Wine mixed with honey. 
Acraton, ah'krat-on. Acratum. 
Acratopegae, ah-krat-o-pa'ge (a, kratos, strength, 
pege, a spring). Mineral waters having no marked 
chemical qualities. 
Acratoposia, ah-krat-o-pos'e-ah (akratos, unmixed, 
posis, drink). Drinking of pure or unmixed wine. 
Acratum, ah'krat-um (akratos, unmixed). Un- 
mixed wine. 
Acraturesis, ah-krat-u-ra'sis (akrateia, weakness, 
ouresis, the act of discharging urine). Inability to 
void urine, as from paralysis or atony of bladder. 
16 
ACROCHIR 
Acre, ak're (afcre, the summit). Extremity or tip 
of anything, as of nose. 
Acrea, ak're-a. Acralea; also extreme parts of 
animals that are used as food. 
Acretopos'ia. Acratoposia. 
Acria, ak're-ah (pl. of Acer, bitter). Acrid or bitter 
articles or remedies, or poisons. Irritant or acrid 
abortifacients, anthelmintics, diuretics, emetics, em- 
menagogues, etc., have been variously called A. abor- 
tiva, A. anthelmintica, A. diuretica, A. emetica, A. 
emmenagogua, etc. 
Acribometer, ak - rib - om' e - tur (akribes, precise, 
metron, measurement). Instrument for measuring 
small objects. 
Acrid, ak'rid (akros, pointed). Term applied to 
substances of hot, biting taste which occasion dis- 
agreeable sense of irritation and constriction in the 
throat; or which, when applied externally, cause 
heat and irritation of the skin. A. poisons, see 
Poisons. 
Acridity, ak-rid'it-e. State of being acid or irri- 
tating. 
Acrid'ium. Scammony. 
Acridophagi, ak-rid-of'ah-je (afcris, a locust, phago, 
to eat). Locust-eaters. Acridophagous tribes are said 
to exist in Africa. 
Acridophagy, ak-rid-of'aj-e (same etymon). Eat- 
ing of locusts, or disease in Ethiopia supposed to be 
caused by use of locusts as food, or by irritation of the 
skin from action of locusts upon it. 
Acrimony, ak'rim-o-ne (acer, acrid). Imaginary 
acrid condition of blood, lymph, etc., which was 
conceived to cause many diseases. Irritation pro- 
duced by a sore. 
Acrinia, ah-krin'e-ah (a, krino, to separate). Diminu- 
tion of quantity or total suspension of secretion. 
Acris, ak'ris. Sharp bony prominence; locust; 
acrisia. 
Acrisia, ah-kris'e-a (a, krisis, judgment). Absence 
of crisis in disease ; condition in which no judgment 
can be formed. 
Acrisis, ah'kris-is. Acrisia. 
Acrita, ah'kre-tah (a, priv., krino, to separate). Low- 
est subdivision of vertebrate animals (Owen). 
Acritas, ah'krit-as. Acridity. 
Acritical, a-krit'ik-al. Taking place without cri- 
sis ; not foretelling a crisis, as acritical symptom, etc. 
Acritochromacy, a-krit-o-kro'ma-se (a, krino, to 
choose, chroma, color). Color-blindness. 
Acritos, ah'krit-os. Acritical. 
Acritus, ah'krit-us. Acritical. 
Acriviola, ak-riv-e'o-lah (acer, sharp, viola, a violet). 
Tropseolum majus. 
A'cro (akron, top, extremity). In composition, top 
or extremity. 
Acroeesthesia, ak-ro-ees-the'ze-ah (akron, top, ics- 
thesis, sensation). High degree of nervous sensibility, 
as in hysteria. 
Acroasis, ak-ro-as'is (akroasthai, to listen). Use 
of the ear in diagnosis. 
Acroblasts, ak'ro-blasts (aero, blastos, germ). Cells 
between ectoblast and endoblast. 
Acrobystia, ak-ro-bis'te-ah (akron, top, buo, to 
cover). Prepuce, or extremity of prepuce. 
Acrobys'tic. Preputial. 
Acrobystiolith, ak-ro-bis'te-o-lith (akrobustia, pre- 
puce, lithos, a stone). Preputial calculus. 
Acrobystitis, ak-ro-bis-te'tis. Inflammation of pre- 
puce ; or of sheath of penis of horse. 
Acrocarpid'ium hispid'ulum. Species of tonic, 
piperaceous, West Indian plants. 
Acrocepha'lia (aero, kephale, head). Unusual prom- 
inence at the top of the head. 
Acrocephalic (ak-ro-sef-al'ic) or Acrocephalous, 
ak-ro-sef'al-us (same etymon). Term applied to heads 
unusually prominent on the top. 
Acrocephalus, ak-ro-cef 'al-us. Acrocephalic. 
Acrocephaly, ak-ro-sef'al-e. See Acrocephalic. 
Acrocheir, ak'ro-kire (aero, cheir, hand). Forearm ; 
extremity of hand or fingers. 
Ac'rochir. Acrocheir. ACROCHOLIA 
Acrocholia, ak-ro-kol'e-ah (aero, chole, bile). Chol- 
eric disposition. 
Acrochordon, ak-ro-kor'don (aero, chords, string). 
Tumor hanging by pedicle; kind of hard wart; en- 
larged sebaceous gland of eyelids, neck, etc. 
Acrocinesis, ak-ro-sin-a'sis (aero, kinesis, move- 
ment). Increased power of movement. 
Acrocolia, ak-ro-ko'le-ah (aero, kolon, member). Ex- 
treme parts of body, as head, hands, feet, nose, ears. 
Acrocolium, ak-ro-ko'le-um. Acromion process. 
Acrocomia (ak-ro-ko'me-ah) lasiospatha (aero, kome, 
hair). Brazilian tree, with edible fruit. A. sclero- 
car'pa, tree of West Indies and South America 
whose nut is used in catarrh. 
Acrodac'tylum (aero, daktulos, finger). Upper sur- 
face of finger. 
Acrodiclid'ium cama'ra. Indigenous in Brazil; 
wood is bitter, and fruit, ackawai nutmeg, is em- 
ployed in dysentery. 
Ac'rodont (aero, odous, tooth). Having teeth at- 
tached by their bases to upper part of jaw. 
Acrodynia, ak-ro-din'e-ah (aero, odune, pain). Epi- 
demic erythema. Literally, pain in the extremities. 
Painful affection of wrists and ankles, with erythe- 
matous eruption and dark pigmentation, with nervous 
disorders, epidemic in 1828-29 in Paris. Dengue; 
rheumatic affection of nervous system. A condition 
like dengue, pellagra, or ergotism. 
Acrodyny, ak-rod'in-e. Acrodynia. 
Acroi'sa. Blindness. 
Acrokinesls, ak-ro-kin-a'sis. Acrocinesis. 
AcroTeine (acer, sharp, oleum, oil). C3H4O. Volatile 
liquid obtained in destructive distillation of glycerine. 
Acrolenion, ak-ro-len'e-on (aero, olene, ulna). Olec- 
ranon process. 
Acromania, ak-ro-mah'ne-ah. Incurable or hopeless 
insanity. 
Acromastium, ak-ro-mas'te-um (aero, mastos, breast). 
Nipple. 
Acromegaly (ak-ro-meg'al-e) or Acromegalia, ak- 
ro-meg-al'e-ah (akron, meg as, large). Marie's disease, 
the chief characteristic of which is great hypertrophy 
of the hands, feet, face, etc., with thickening of soft 
parts; the muscles are sometimes atrophied. The dis- 
ease may last for many years. There is enlargement of 
the bones, and also of the pituitary body, which last 
is credited by some as the cause of the disease. 
Acromia, ak-ro'me-ah. Acromion process. 
Acro'mial. Relating to acromion process. A. ar'- 
tery, external scapular artery. It arises from an- 
terior part of axillary artery opposite upper edge of 
pectoralis minor; divides into two branches, superior 
and inferior; branches being distributed to subclavius, 
serratus major anticus, first intercostal, deltoid, and 
pectoralis major muscles, shoulder-joint, etc. They 
anastomose with superior scapular, thoracic, and. cir- 
cumflex arteries. A. bur'sa, the external bursa is 
upper portion of subdeltoid bursa; the internal the 
subcoracoid bursa. A. nerves, branches of fourth 
cervical nerve distributed to acromial region. A. 
vein has same arrangement as artery. 
Acromioclavicular, ak-ro-me-o-klav-ik'u-lar. Be- 
longing to acromion and clavicle, as acromio-clavicular 
articulation, acromio-clavicular ligaments. 
Acromioclavicularis, ak-ro-me-o-klav-ik-u-lar'is. 
Delicate muscle passing from acromion process to outer 
third of clavicle. 
Acromiocoracoid, ak-ro-me-o-kor'ak-oid. Belong- 
ing to acromion and coracoid process, as acromio-cora- 
coid or coraco-acromial ligaments. 
Acromiocoracoideus, ak-ro-me-o-kor-ak-o-id-a'us. 
Belonging to acromion and coracoid process; tri- 
angular ligament between these processes is so 
called. 
Acromiohumeralis, ak-ro-me-o-hu-mer-al'is. Be- 
longing to acromion and humerus; deltoid muscle is 
so called. 
Acromiohyoid, ak-ro-me-o-hy'oid. Belonging to 
acromion and hyoid bone; part of omo-hyoid muscle 
is so called. 
Acromion, ak-ro'me-on (aero, omos, shoulder). Pro- 
17 
ACROTH YM ION 
cess terminating spine of scapula and articulated with 
clavicle. Deltoid muscle is attached to it. 
Acromiorrheuma, ak-ro-me-or-rhu'mah. Rheuma- 
tism of shoulder. 
Acromiothoracic, ak-ro-me-o-tho-rah'sik. Belong- 
ing to acromion and thorax. A. artery, branch from 
axillary muscle to pectoralis muscle, deltoid, and con- 
tiguous parts. 
Acromis (ak-ro'mis) or Acromium, ak-ro'me-um. 
Acromion. 
Acromphalium (ak-rom-fal'e-um), Acromphalus 
(ak-rom'fal-us), or Achromphalon, ak-rom'fal-on 
(aero, omphalos, navel). Extremity of umbilical cord 
remaining attached to foetus after birth; protuberance 
of navel, as at beginning of umbilical hernia. 
Acromyle, ak-rom'e-la (aero, mule, patella). Patella. 
Acron. Extremity. 
Acronarcotic, ak-ro-nar-kot'ik. Acrid and nar- 
cotic, as an acronarcotic poison. 
Acroneuroses, ak-ro-nu-ro'ses (aero, neuron, nerve). 
Functional affections of nervous system of the ex- 
tremities. 
Acronia, ak-ro'ne-ah (mutilation). Amputation or 
mutilation of a part; monstrosity having such defect. 
Acronorrheuma, ak-ro-nor-rhu'mah. Acromior- 
rheuma. 
Acronychia, ak-ro-nik'e-ah (aero, onux, nail). Ex- 
tremity of nail. A. laurifo'lia, rutaceous plant of 
Java, astringent bark of which is used in diarrhoea. 
A. peduncula'ta, species of E. Indies with edible fruit. 
A. resino'sa, Chinese plant containing resin used ex- 
ternally in rheumatism. 
Acronyx, ak'ro-niks (aero, onux, nail). Growing 
in of the nail. 
Acroparalysis, ak-ro-par-al'is-is. Palsy of ex- 
tremities. 
Acropathy, ak-rop'a-the (aero, pathos, disease). Dis- 
ease of the extremities, as feet or hands. 
Acrophobia, ak-ro-fo'be-ah. Hydrophobia. 
Acroplethysmograph, ak-ro-pleth-is'mo-graf. Pleth- 
ysmograph. 
Acropodium, ak-ro-po'de-um (aero, podion, foot). 
Upper surface of foot. 
Acroposthia (ak-ro-pos'the-ah) or Acroposthion, 
ak-ro-pos'the-on (aero, posthe, prepuce). Prepuce. 
Acroposthitis, ak-kro-pos-the'tis. Inflammation of 
prepuce. 
Acropsilon, ak-rop-se'lon (aero, psilos, naked). Ex- 
tremity of glans penis. 
Acroria, ak-ro-re'ah (akron, top.) Vertex. 
Acrorrhuma, ak-ror-rhu'mah (aero, rheuma, deflux- 
ion, rheumatism). Rheumatism of the extremities. 
Acros, ak'ros (akros, at the extremity, top). Strength 
of athletae and of diseases; prominence of a bone; 
extremity of fingers, etc. 
Acrosapes, ak-ros'ah-pes (aero, sepo, to corrupt). 
Rotten at the extremity; easily digested, because 
easily disintegrated. 
Acrostethion, ak-ro-steth'e-on (the chest). Thorax. 
Acrostichum aureum, ak-ros'tik-um au're-um. De- 
coction of this Jamaica plant, Ord. Polypodiacese, is 
used in dysentery and splenic disease, and externally 
for ulcers. A. dichot'omum, leaves of this Arabian 
tree are applied to burns. A. fla'veus, species from 
New Granada having cathartic action. A. fur c a'turn, 
elk's horn; roots of this New Zealand species are edi- 
ble. A. huascaro, species from Peru, having diapho- 
retic and anthelmintic properties. A. sorbifo'lium, 
j nice of this Jamaica tree is used as a local applica- 
tion in headache. 
Acrostoma, ak-ros'to-mah. Entozoon found in 
amnion of cow. 
Acrotarsium, ak-ro-tar'se-um. Upper part of tarsus 
in certain birds. 
Acroteria, ak-ro-ta're-ah (akros, at the extremity, 
top). The extremities; limbs. 
Acroteriasis (ak-ro-ta-re'ah-sis), Acroterio'sis or 
Acroteriasmus, ak-ro-ta-re-as'mus (akroteria, the ex- 
tremities). Amputation or mutilation of extremities; 
acroteriasis is also applied to absence of hand or foot. 
Acrothymion (ak-ro-thim'e-on), Acrothmyo'sis, or ACROTIC 
Acrothym'ium (aero, thumon, thyme). Conical, rugous, 
bloody wart; moist wart, like flower of thyme. 
Acrotic, ak-rot'ik. Relating to glands of skin. 
Acrotica, ak-rot'e-kah . Diseases of excernent 
functions of surface of the body; pravity of fluids or 
emunctories opening on the surface. 
Acrotism, ak'ro-tism (a, krotos, pulse). Pulseless- 
ness; defective pulse-beat. 
Acrus, ak'rus (akros, complete). Perfect personal 
salubrity. 
Act. Effective exercise of a power or faculty. A., 
sex'ual, coitus; asphyxia. 
Actaea alba, ak-te'ah al'bah (aktea, the elder). White 
cohosh, White baneberry, Necklace weed, Coral and pearl, 
Noah's ark, White bead, indigenous in United States; 
emetic and cathartic. It is a variety of A. Americana; 
A. rubra is another variety with similar properties. 
A. America'na, there are two varieties, white and red 
cohosh, indigenous in the United States; it has same 
properties as A. spicata. A. brachypet'ala, red vari- 
ety of Actea Americana, growing in United States; 
has properties similar to A. spicata. A. Christopho- 
ria'na, A. spicata. A. cimicif'uga, A. racemosa. A. 
monog'yna, A. racemosa. A. ra'cemis longis'simis, 
A. racemosa. A. racemo/sa, Black snake-root, Rich- 
weed, Cohosh, Squaw-root, Rattleweed, Black cohosh, ord. 
Ranunculacese. Common plant in United States. Un- 
der the name Cimicifuga (Ph. U. S.), are included rhi- 
zome and rootlets of the plant. Stomachic tonic and 
expectorant, somewhat astringent, and arterial and 
nervous sedative in rheumatism, bronchitis, catarrh, 
neuralgia, etc. A. ru'bra, red variety of A. Ameri- 
cana. A. spicata, Baneberry, Herb Christopher, 
perennial herbaceous European plant, root resem- 
bling that of black hellebore. It is cathartic, some- 
times emetic, and in overdoses powerful irritant. 
Ac'te. Elder. 
Actings sthesia, ak-tin-ees-the'se-ah (aktis, a ray, 
aisthesis, perception). Perception of light by some 
larvae without visible organs of sight. 
Actinic, ak-tin'ik (aktis, a ray). Inducing chemical 
action, as certain rays affecting salts of silver. 
Actinism, ak'tin-ism (aktis, a ray). Power which 
portion of spectrum possesses to induce chemical 
action. 
Actinobolia (ak-tin-o-bol'e-ah) or Actinobolism, ak- 
tin-ob'o-lizm. Radiation; literally, emission of rays of 
light. Transmission of will-power to various organs; 
hypnotism. 
Actinogastra, ak-tin-o-gas'trah (aktis, a ray, gaster, 
stomach). Star-fishes, having radiated arrangement 
of digestive organs. 
Actinograph, ak-tin'o-graf, (aktis, a ray, grapho, to 
write). Instrument for determining exact amount 
of actinism existing. 
Actinoid, ak'tin-oid (aktis, ray, eidos, resemblance). 
Possessing a radiate form. 
Actinomeris helianthoides, ak-tin-om'e-ris hel-e-an- 
tho-e'des (aktis, a ray, meris, part, helios, sun, anthos, 
flower). Ord. Composite; Gravel weed, Diabetes weed; 
indigenous plant used in dropsy, diabetes, and gravel. 
Actinometer, ak-tin-om'e-ter (aktis, ray, metron, 
measure). Instrument devised to estimate the sun's 
rays or the amount of actinism present. 
Actinomyces, ak-tin-om'e-ses (aktis, a ray, makes, 
mushroom). Ray fungus, so called from radiating 
clusters of the spores. Vegetable parasitic micro- 
organisms, producing tumors of varying size in jaws, 
lungs, ribs, teeth, vertebrae, etc., first observed in 
cattle, and thence transmitted to man, to which con- 
dition term actinomycosis is applied. It is due to 
presence of a parasite, a form of leptothrix. When the 
disease can be reached, treatment is dietetic if in- 
tended as prophylactic, and surgical for evacuation 
of abscesses, etc., with antiseptic precautions. If the 
lungs are affected, successful treatment is problemat- 
ical. A. bo'vis, species of actinomyces inducing 
actinomycosis of cattle. 
Actinomycoma, ak-tin-o-me-ko'mah (actinomyces, 
oma, tumor). Tumor indicating existence of actin- 
omycosis. 
18 
ACUS 
Actinomycosis, ak-tin-o-me-ko'sis. Chronic infec- 
tious sarcoma-like condition produced by actin- 
omyces. See Actinomyces. 
Actinophthalmic, ak-tin-of-thal'mik (aktis, a ray, 
ophthalmos, eye). Condition of eye in which intense 
degree of reflection of light occurs from reflecting 
layer of choroid in some animals. 
Actinosteophyte, ak-tin-os'te-o-fite (aktis, a ray, 
osteon, bone, phuton, growth). Osteophyte or bony 
growth having radiated appearance. 
Actinozoa, ak-tin-o-zo'ah, pl. of Actinozo'on (aktis, 
a ray, soon, animal). Division of Coelenterata in 
zoology, in which digestive canal is separated from 
outer wall by space surrounding viscera. 
Action, ak'shun. Mode in which one object influ- 
ences another; function. Animal actions are those 
occurring in animal body; vital, those essential to life; 
physiological, those of healthy character; pathological 
or morbid, those of disease. A., re'flex, see Reflex. 
Active, ak'tiv. Energetic. In pathology it implies 
superabundant energy or strength. Active symptoms 
are those of excitement. In therapeutics it signifies 
energetic or active treatment; drastic. In physiology 
it has a similar signification, functions being divided 
into active and passive. A. principle, see Principle. 
A. spots, cortical centres, which when stimulated are 
followed by certain muscular movements. 
Activity, ak-tiv'it-e. Capability of action; vi- 
tality. 
Actual, ak'tu-al. Acting immediately. Term 
usually restricted to red-hot iron (actual cautery) or to 
heat in any form; in contradistinction to potential 
or virtual, term applied to caustics or escharotics. 
Actuarius, ak-tu-ah're-us. Title of dignity given 
to Byzantine physicians, corresponding to modern 
physician-in-ordinary. 
Actus, ak'tus. Act. A. parturitio'nis, parturi- 
tion. 
Acuductor, ak'u-duk-tor (acus, duco, to lead). Needle- 
carrier, used in ligation of arteries. 
Acufilopressure, ak-u-file'o-pres-sure (acus, needle, 
filmn, thread). Term used by Billroth for acupres- 
sure, holding vessel between needle and closely-ap- 
plied ligature. 
Acuitas, ak-u'it-as (actts, a needle). Acrimony; 
sharpness. 
Acuity, ak-u'it-e. Sharpness. A., vis'ual, or A. of 
vision, sharpness or acuteness of vision. 
Acumen, ak-u'men (acuo, to sharpen). Point. Prom- 
inence or projection of bone; tuberosity. A. na'si, 
pinched condition of nose in extreme debility, some- 
times just before death. 
Acumeter, ak-u'me-ter. Instrument for measuring 
degree of hearing. 
Acu'minate. Pointed. 
Acuophonia, ak-u-o-fo'ne-ah. Acouophonia. 
Ac'upress. To employ acupressure. 
Acupression, ak-u-pres'shun. Acupressure. 
Acupressure, ak'n-pres-sure (acus, needle, premo, 
pressum, to press). Process for arresting hemorrhage, 
proposed by Sir James Y. Simpson of Edinburgh, con- 
sisting in passing needle or pin through substance of 
wound to compress and close, by middle portion of 
the needle, tube of bleeding vessel on cardiac side of 
bleeding point. 
Acupunctation (ak-u-punk-ta'shun), Acupunctua- 
tion (ak-u-punk-tu-a'shun), or Acupuncturation, 
ak-u-pu nk-tu-ra' shun. Acupuncture. 
Acupuncture, ak'u-punkt-yur (acus, needle, punc- 
tura, puncture). Puncturing of parts with very fine 
needle; employed in obstinate rheumatic affections, 
neuralgia, etc. It is a mode of infanticide in some 
countries, a needle being forced into the brain through 
the fontanelles, or into the spinal marrow, etc. 
Acurgla, ak-ur'je-ah (akis, sharp instrument, ergon, 
work). Operative surgery. 
Acus, ah'kus. Needle; probe ; groove on upper part 
of transverse medullary lamina. A. cannula'ta, 
delicate trocar or hollow needle. A. capita'ta, A 
pin. A. cataracta'ria, cataract needle. A. inter- 
puncto'ria, cataract needle. A. invagina'ta, form of ACUSIA 
needle used for counter-opening; trocar. A. moscha'- 
ta, Geranium maculatum. A. ophthal'mica, cataract 
needle. A. paracentet'ica, trocar. A. pasto'ris, shep- 
herd's needle. A. trique'tra vulga'ris, trocar. A. 
ven'eris, Eryngium campestre. 
Acusia (ak-u'ze-ah) or Acusis, ak-u'sis (akousis, 
hearing). Audition. 
Acusimeter, ak-u-zim'e-tur (akousis, hearing, metron, 
measure). Instrument for measuring degree of hear- 
ing. 
Acus'ma. Acousma. 
Acustica, ak-ust'e-kah. Acoustics. 
Acus'ticus. Eelating to hearing, as nervus acusti- 
cus, auditory nerve. 
Acute (afcis, a point). Term applied to disease with 
certain degree of severity, rapid progress, and short 
duration. Diseases were formerly subdivided into 
Morbi acutissimi, very acute, lasting only three or 
four days ; M. subacutissimi, continuing seven days ; 
and M. subacuti, from twenty to forty days. Antithe- 
sis to acute is chronic. Acufe, when applied to pain, 
cries, etc., means sharp or intense. 
Acutenaculum, ak-u-ten-ak'u-lum (acas, needle, 
tenaculum, holder). Form of needle tenaculum or 
holder employed in ligation of arteries. 
Acutissimus, ak-u-tis'sim-us (superl. degree of 
acutus). Very acute or malignant. 
Acutorsion, ak-u-tor'shun (acus, needle, torqueo, to 
twist). Compression of blood-vessel by twisting it 
with needle used in acupressure. 
Acutus, ak-u'tus (a, kuo, to conceive). Non-preg- 
nant; sterile. 
Acyanoblepsia, ah-se-an-o-blep'se-ah (a, kuanos, blue, 
blepo, to see). Defective vision consisting in incapa- 
bility of distinguishing blue. One so affected is 
Acyanoblep'tic. 
Acyanopsia, ah-se-an-op'se-ah (a, kuanos, blue, ops, 
eye). Blue-blindness, see Acyanoblepsia. 
Acyclia, ah-sik'le-ah (a, kuklos, circle). Failure or 
suspension of circulation. 
Acyesis, ah-se-a'sis (a, kuesis, pregnancy). Sterility; 
non-pregnant condition ; condition requiring artificial 
means of delivery. 
Acyeterion, ah-se-a-ta're-on. Agent or remedy to 
prevent conception; abortifacient. 
Acyetic, ah-se-et'ik. Eelating to acyesis. 
Acymon, ah'se-mon (a, kuo, to conceive). Sterile. 
Acyoblepsia, ah-se-o-blep'se-ah. Acyanoblepsia. 
Acyrus, as'er-us. Arnica montana. 
Acysis, ah'cis-is. Acyesis. 
Acystia, ah-sis'te-ah (a, kustis, bladder). Absence 
of urinary bladder. 
Acystinervia or Acystonervia, ah-sist-o-nur've-ah 
(a, kustis, bladder, neuron, nerve). Paralysis of the 
bladder. 
Acysturonerv'ia (a, kustis, bladder, ouron, urine, 
neuron, nerve). Paralysis of the bladder. 
Acysturotrophia, ah-sist-u-ro-trof'e-ah (a, kustis, 
bladder, ouron, urine, trophe, nourishment). Atrophy 
of the bladder. 
Acyterius, ah-se-ta're-us (a, fcuo, to conceive). 
Abortive. 
A'da. E. Indian term for ginger. 
Adabadani. Tree of British Guiana; bark is 
vesicant. 
Adaca. Sphteranthus Indicus ; acrid and aromatic. 
Adacrya, ah-dak're-ah (a, dakruo, to weep). De- 
fective secretion of tears. 
Adactylia, ah-dak-tyl'e-ah (a, daktulos, finger). 
Absence of fingers. One having this condition is said 
to be Adadtylous. Such a limb is Adac'tyl. 
Adsemonia, ah-de-mon'e-ah. Anxiety; depression, 
nostalgia, ot home-sickness. 
Adako'dien. Malabar plant used as astringent and 
in diseases of eyes. 
Ad'ali. Malabar plant which Orientals regard as 
an antidote to snake-bites. 
Ad'am and Eve. Orchis maculata; aplectrum 
hiemale. 
Ad'amant. Magnet. 
Adamant'ine sub'stance or layer. Enamel of teeth. 
19 
ADDUCTOR 
Adamas, ad'am-as. The enamel of teeth. Hyos- 
cyamus. 
Adami morsus, ad-am'e mor'sus. Pomum Adami. 
Adamita, ad-am-e'tah. Hard white calculus of 
bladder. 
Adamitum, ad-am-e'tum. Lithiasis or calculous 
condition. 
Adam's ap'ple. Pomum Adami, projection of thy- 
roid cartilage in neck. Fruit of Musa paradisiaca. 
A.'s flan'nel, mullein, Verbascum thapsus. 
Adams's operation. Operation practised by Mr. W. 
Adams of England in ankylosis of hip-joint, by sub- 
cutaneous section of neck of thigh-bone. Also opera- 
tion for division of the bauds of fascia in Dupuytren's 
contraction by the subcutaneous method, the sections 
being made at many points. See Alexander's operation. 
A.'s saw, saw with slender blade and serrated edge 
of limited extrent, for subcutaneous division of bone. 
Adansonia digitata, ad-an-so'ne-ah dij-e-tah'tah 
(after M. Adanson, French naturalist). African plant, 
baobab, from fruit of which-monkey bread-a re- 
freshing drink is made. Bark has been used as sub- 
stitute for cinchona. Leaves are used in dysentery, 
hmmoptysis, etc. All parts are mucilaginous. A. 
Grego'rii, cream-of-tartar tree of Australia, so called 
from its taste. 
Adansonine, ad-an'so-neen. Bitter alkaloid de- 
rived from leaves of Adansonia digitata, employed 
as febrifuge. 
Adaptation, ad-ap-ta'shun. Accommodation as of 
eye ; acclimatization ; coaptation as of fractured bone. 
Adapter, ad-ap'tur {ad, apto, to fit). Tube em- 
ployed for various purposes in pharmaceutical opera- 
tions. Portion of a microscope. 
Adarigo (ad-ah-re'go) or Adarnech, ad-ar'nek. Orpi- 
ment. 
Adarticulatio, ad-ar-tik-u-lah'she-o {ad, articulo, to 
join). Arthrodia. 
Adaxoma, ad-aks-o'mah {adaxasthai, to experience 
intense pain). Intense burning pain. 
Adclivity, ad-kliv'it-e. Spine or projection. A. of 
tibia, spine of tibia. 
Ad cu'tem abdom'inis (arte'ria). Superficial artery 
of abdomen, branch of crural or femoral, arising at 
lower part of Poupart's ligament, ascending toward 
the umbilicus, being distributed to the integuments. 
Addental, ad-den'tal {ad, dens, tooth). Maxillary 
bone of fishes. 
Addephagia, ad-de-fah'je-ah {adden, in excess; 
phago, to eat). Voraciousness. Voracious appetite in 
children affected with worms. Bulimia, goddess of 
gluttony. 
Ad'der's tongue. Ophioglossum vulgatum; Ery- 
thronium Americanum. A.'s wort, Polygonum bis- 
torta. 
Ad'dison's disease. Singular condition of cachexia, 
suprarenal cachexia, leading characteristics of which 
are anaemia, general languor and debility, remark- 
able feebleness of heart's action, irritability of stom- 
ach, and peculiar bronzed skin, first described by Dr. 
Thomas Addison of London as connected with dis- 
eased condition of suprarenal capsules. Death occurs 
from exhaustion. It is known as the disease of Ad- 
dison, or bronzed-skin disease. A.'s keloid, mor- 
phia. 
Additamentum, ad-dit-am-en-'tum (addo, to ad- 
join). Addition; epiphysis; prolongation of lamb- 
doidal and squamous sutures of skull. A. co'li, ver- 
miform appendix of cmcum. A. neca'tum, olecranon. 
A. ad sa'cro-lumba'lem, see Sacro-lumbalis. A. ul'nse, 
radius. A. unca'tum ul'nae, olecranon. 
Adducens, ad-du'sens {ad, duco, to draw). Drawing 
toward axis of body. A. hu'meri, pectoralis major. 
A. oc'uli, rectus oculi internus. 
Adduction, ad-duk'shun. Action by which parts 
are drawn toward axis of body. Muscles executing 
it are called adductors. 
Adduc'tor anzguli o'ris. Accessory muscle of or- 
bicularis oris. A. au'ris, part of platysma muscle at- 
tached to auricle of ear; zygomatico-auricularis; tem- 
poro-auricularis. A. bre'vis, see Adductors of thigh. A. ADDUCTORS 
dig'iti ter'tii pe'dis, second plantar interosseous 
muscle. A. dig'iti quin'ti, opponens minimi digiti. 
A. femoris primus, adductor. A. femoris secundus, 
adductor brevis. A. femoris tertius et quartus, ad- 
ductor magnus. A. grac'ilis, gracilis muscle. A. 
hallu'cis, muscle of sole of foot, A. pollicis pedis, or 
oblique head only, at origin of same muscle. A. in'di- 
cis pe'dis, first dorsal interosseous muscle of foot; it 
is, however, abductor. A. lon'gus fem'oris, see Ad- 
ductors of thigh. A. magnus, see Adductors of thigh. 
A. me'dii dig'iti pe'dis, first plantar interosseous 
muscle. A. me'dius au'ris, levator auris brevis. A. 
metacar'pi min'imi dig'iti, situate between adductor 
and flexor, next to metacarpal bone; arises, fleshy, 
from unciform process of os unciforme and con- 
tiguous part of annular ligament of wrist, and is 
inserted, tendinous and fleshy, into fore part of 
metacarpal bone of little finger. A. min'imi dig'- 
iti, prior minimi digiti; opponens minimi digiti. A. 
ad min'imum dig'itum, adductor pollicis manus. 
A. min'imus, portion of adductor magnus muscle 
above superior profunda artery. A. obli'quus hal- 
lu'cis, adductor of great toe of ape. A. oc'uli, rectus 
oculi internus. A. os'sis metacar'pi dig'iti auricu- 
la'ris or A. 0. m. d. ma'nus, opponens minimi digiti. 
A. pectin'eus, pectineus muscle. A. pol'licis, A. pol- 
licis manus. A. pol'licis manus, muscle arising, 
fleshy, from almost whole length of metacarpal bone 
of middle finger, and inserted into inner part of root 
of first bone of thumb. A. pol'licis pe'dis arises by 
long thin tendon from under part of os calcis, os cu- 
boides, os cuneiforme externum, and root of metatarsal 
bone of second toe. It is divided into two fleshy por- 
tions, and is inserted into external sesamoid bone and 
root of metatarsal bone of great toe. A. pri'mus, A. 
longus. A. pros'tatae, levator prostatae. A. pupil'lse, 
rectus internus oculi. A. quar'tus, A. minimus. A. 
secun'dus, A. brevis. A. ter'tii dig'iti pe'dis, prior 
tertii digiti pedis. A. ter'tius, A. magnus. A. tibia'- 
lis, semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles. 
A. transversa'lis hallu'cis, adductor of great toe in 
apes. A. tri'ceps fem'oris, adductor mass of thigh, 
see Adductors of the thigh. A. tu'bercle, eminence 
on the os femoris for attachment of the tendon of 
the adductor magnus. 
Adduc'tors of the thigh. Three in number, by some 
anatomists united into one muscle-triceps adductor 
femoris. 1. Adductor longus femoris, by strong tendon 
from upper and fore part of os pubis and ligament 
of symphysis, at inner side of pectinalis; runs down- 
ward and outward, and is inserted by broad, flat 
tendon into middle of linea aspera. 2. Adductor 
brevis arises, tendinous, from os pubis, at side of 
symphysis, below and behind last muscle; runs ob- 
liquely outward, and is inserted by short, flat tendon 
into inner and upper part of linea aspera, from little 
below trochanter minor to beginning of insertion 
of adductor longus. 3. Adductor magnus is much 
larger than either of the others; arises from ra- 
mus of pubis, that of ischium, and tuber ischii, 
and is inserted into whole length of linea aspera, 
near lower part of which it is pierced by an oblique 
fibrous canal, through which the crural artery and 
vein pass. 
Adecta, ah-dek'tah (a, dakno, to bite). Sedatives, 
demulcents, antidotes. 
Adel. Whitlow. 
Adeliparia, ad-el-ip-ar'e-ah (aden, to excess, liparos, 
fat). Excessive corpulency. 
Adelocephalous, ad-e-lo-cef'a-lus (adelos, unseen, 
kephale, head). Condition in which the head is almost 
invisible. 
Adelomorphous, ad-e-lo-mor'fus (adelos, invisible, 
morphe, shape). Term applied to columnar cells 
lining secretory portion of glands of stomach. 
Adelopneumonous, ad-e-lo-nu'mon-us (adelos, un- 
seen, pneumon, lung). Having organs of respiration 
concealed. 
Adelopoda, ad-el-op'o-dah (adelos, unseen,pous, foot). 
Animals which have feet or limbs concealed. 
Adelostomata, ad-el-o-stom'at-ah (adelos, unseen, 
20 
) ADENOCYSTOMA 
stoma, mouth). Animals which have mouth con- 
cealed. 
Adelphia, ad-el'fe-ah (adelphos, brother). Monstros- 
ity double anteriorly or posteriorly. 
Adelphism, ad-el'fism. Adelphia. 
Adelphixia (ad-el-fix'e-ah) or Adelphixis, ad-el-fix'is 
(adelphos, brother). Consanguinity of parts in health 
or disease; diseases that resemble each other; sym- 
pathy. 
Adelus, ad-e'lus. Insensible, as insensible perspira- 
tion ; indefinite or hidden, as symptoms of disease. 
Ademonia, ad-a-mon'e-ah. Depression, nostalgia. 
Ademosyne, ad-a-mos'in-a. Depression, nostalgia. 
A'den (a gland). In composition, gland; bubo. A. 
fe'ver, dengue. A. ulcer, a form of ulcer of the foot 
and leg met with in tropical countries; known under 
other names, as Cochin-China ulcer, Yemen ulcer, etc. 
See Beriberi. 
Adenalgia, ad-en-al'je-ah (aden, algos, pain). Gland- 
ular pain. 
Adenalgic, ad-en-al'jik. Relating to adenalgia. 
Adenandra, ad-en-an'dra (aden, gland, aner, man). 
South African plant; stimulant, diuretic, and sedative 
expectorant. 
Adenanthera (ad-en-an'the-rah) Pavoni'na (aden, 
gland, antheros, blooming). Mandsjadi or mandsiadi. 
Root is emetic; leaves are used in rheumatism and 
seeds in epilepsy. 
Adenectomy, ad-en-ek'to-me (aden, ektome, excision). 
Excision of a gland. 
Adenectopia, ad-en-ek-top'e-ah (aden, ektopos, out of 
place). Dislocation or unusual location of a gland. 
Adenemphraxis, ad-en-em-frax'is (aden, emphraxis, 
obstruction). Glandular obstruction. 
Adenia, ad-en'e-ah (aden, a gland). Hodgkin's 
disease. A. venena'ta, tree of Arabia with caustic 
juice; climbing plant of Africa with vesicant prop- 
erties. 
Adeniform (ad-en'e-form) or Adenoid, ad'en-oid 
(aden, forma, form or resemblance). Glandiform or 
resembling a gland. 
Adenine, ad'en-een. C5H5N5. Alkaloid substance or 
leucomaine obtained from glandular structures, as 
pancreas, from liver and urine of leucaemic patients, 
etc., from decomposition of nuclein. It is in clear 
crystals, slightly soluble in cold water, more so in hot. 
See Leucomaines (table). A. hypoxan'thine, C5H5N5 
+ C5H4N4O, leucomaine obtained by making a hot 
W'atery solution of equal parts of the two bases, and 
allowing it to cool. 
Adenitis, ad-en-e'tis (aden, gland). Glandular in- 
flammation. A. blennorrhce'a, gonorrhoeal bubo. A. 
inguina'lis, bubo. A. lymphat'ica, inflammation of 
lymphatic gland; lymphadenitis. A. palpebra'rum 
contagio'sa, see Ophthalmia. A. universa'lis, general 
inflammation of lymphatic glands. A. vene'rea, ve- 
nereal bubo. A. vul'vo-vagina'lis, inflammation of 
vulvo-vaginal gland. 
Adeniza'tion. Adenoid degeneration. 
Ad'enoblasts (aden, blastos, germ). Formative cells 
of glands. 
Adenocarcinoma, ad-en-o-kar-sin-o'mah. Degen- 
eration of adenoid structure into carcinoma; adenoid 
cancer. 
Adenocele, ad-en-o-seel'e (Eng. ad'en-o-seel) (aden, 
kele, rupture, tumor). Cystic glandular tumor of 
mammary ducts and sinuses; adenoma. 
Adenocheirapsology or Adenochirapsology, ad- 
en-o-kire-ap-sol'o-je (aden, cheir, hand, apto, to lay 
hold of, logos, description). Doctrine of curing scrof- 
ula or king's evil by royal touch. 
Adenochceradologia or Adenochoiradologia, ad- 
en-o-koi-rah-do-lo'je-ah (aden, choiros, scrofulous dis- 
ease, logos, description.) Treatise on scrofula; see 
Adenocheirapsology. 
Adenochrondrius, ad-en-o-kon'dre-us (aden, chon- 
dros, cartilage). Relating to gland and cartilage; 
tumefaction of glands and cartilages of joints. 
Adenocystoma, ad-en-o-sis-to'mah. Cystic tumor 
taking its growth from a new formation of glandular 
structure. Adenoma with formation of cysts. ADENODERM IA 
Adenodermia, ad-en-o-dur'me-ah (aden, derma, 
skin). Disease of glands of skin. 
Adenodes, ad-en-o'des (aden, eidos, appearance). 
Resembling a gland; adenoid. 
Adenodiastasis, ad-en-o-de-as'tas-is (aden, gland, 
diastasis, separation). Abnormal separation or divis- 
ion of lobes of gland; dislocation of gland. 
Adenodiastatic, ad-en-o-di-as-tat'ik (same etymon). 
Relating to adenodiastasis. 
Adenodynia, ad-en-o-din'e-ah (aden, odune, pain). 
Glandular pain; adenalgia. 
Adenoflbroma, ad-en-o-fib'ro-mah. Fibroma of 
glands; adenoma with fibrous structure. 
Adenogenesis, ad-en-o-jen'a-sis (aden, gland, genesis, 
formation). Formation of glands or glandular struc- 
tures. 
Adenography, ad-en-og'ra-fe (aden, grapho, to de- 
scribe). Part of anatomy describing glands. 
Adenoid, ad'en-oid. Resembling or relating to a 
gland. A. body, prostate gland. A. can'cer, adeno- 
carcinoma. A. disease, Hodgkin's disease. A. mus'- 
cle, small detached portion of inferior constrictor 
muscle placed on each side of thyroid gland. A. 
tiss'ue, lymphoid or retiform tissue; tissue composing 
follicles of lymphatic glands, Malpighian corpuscles 
of spleen, Peyer's glands, solitary glands of intestine, 
thymus gland, etc., possessing same general structure 
everywhere. A. tu'mor, adenoma. 
Adenoi'des. Adeniform. 
Adenologaditis, ad-en-o-log-ad-e'tis (aden, logas, 
white of eye, itis). Ophthalmia of new-born. 
Adenology, ad-en-ol'o-je (aden, logos, description). 
Treatise on glands; description of glands. 
Adenolymphitis, ad-en-o-lim-fe'tis. Lymphaden- 
itis. 
Adenolymphocele, ad-en-o-lim-fo-seel'e (Eng. ad- 
en-o-lim'fo-seel). Enlargement of lymphatics con- 
nected with a gland; cystic dilatation of lymphatic 
glands. 
Adenolymphoma, ad-en-o-lim-fo'ma. Hodgkin's 
disease; lymphadenoma. 
Adenoma, ad-en-o'mah (aden, gland). Adenoid tu- 
mor ; glandular growth or hypertrophy of gland tex- 
ture. A., a'cinous, adenoma of racemose glands. A. 
carcinomato'sum, adenocarcinoma. A., cys'tic, ad- 
enoma with cysts. A. fibro'sum, fibrous growth in a 
gland. A. lupifor'me, lupus erythematosus. A. my- 
omato'sum, adenoma complicated with myoma; my- 
oma developed in a gland. A. myxomato'sum, ad- 
enoma complicated with myxoma; myxoma developed 
in a gland. A. ra'cemosum, A., acinous. A. sarcoma- 
to'sum, adenoma complicated with sarcoma ; sarcoma 
developed in a gland. A. seba'ceum, adenoma of 
skin having structure like sebaceous gland. A. su- 
dorip'arum, adenoma of skin resembling sweat- 
glands in structure. A., tu'bular, adenoma of gland- 
ular structure of mucous membranes; cystic tumor 
of ovaries. 
Adenomalacia, ad-en-o-mal-ak'e-ah (aden, malakia, 
softening). Mollescence or softening of a gland. 
Adenomeningeal, ad-en-o-men-in-je'al (aden, men- 
inx, membrane). Relating to glands of a membrane. 
Adenomesenteritis, ad-en-o-mes-en-tur-e'tis. In- 
flammation of mesenteric gland or glands. 
Adenomyxoma, ad-en-o-mix-o'ma (aden, muxa, mu- 
cus). Tumor composed of glandular and myxoma- 
tous structures, or of adenoma aud myxoma. 
Adenoncosis, ad-en-on-ko'sis (aden, onkos, tumor, 
os is). Adenophyma. 
Adenoncus, ad-en-on'kus (aden, onkos, tumor). Gland- 
ular swelling or enlargement: adenophyma. 
Adenonervous (ad-en-o-ner vus) fever. Plague. 
Adenoneuro'sus (aden, gland, neuron, nerve). Ad- 
enoneurotic. 
Adenoneurotic, ad-en-o-nu-rot'ik (aden, neuron, 
nerve). Relating to glands and nerves. 
Adenopathy, ad-en-op'a-the. Disease of a gland; 
bubo. A., syphilit'ic, affections of glands occurring 
in syphilis. 
Adenopharyngeal, ad-en-o-far-in-je'al (aden, phar- 
unx). Relating to pharynx and gland, as thyroid. A. 
21 
ADEPS 
mus'cle is made up of fleshy fibres passing from the 
constrictor pharyngis inferior to thyroid gland. 
Adenopharyngitis, ad-en-o-far-in-ge'tis. Inflam- 
mation of tonsils and pharynx. 
Adenophlegmon, ad-en-o-iieg'mon (aden, phlegmone, 
inflammation). Intense inflammation of a lymphatic 
gland. 
Adenophora (ad-en-of'o-rah) tracheloi'des (aden, 
gland, phoreo, to bear). Root of this Chinese plant is 
expectorant. A. verticilla'ta has similar properties. 
Adenophthalmia (ad-en-of-thal'me-ah) or Adenoph- 
thalmitis, ad-en-of-thal-me'tis. Ophthalmia tarsi. 
Adenophyma, ad-en-o-fe'mah (aden, phuma, swell- 
ing). Swelling of a gland; glandiform ganglion. By 
some used to signify soft glandular swelling; adenon- 
cus is one of harder character. A. inguina'le, bubo. 
Adenosarcoma, ad-en-o-sar-ko'mah (aden, sarcoma, 
fleshy growth). Sarcoma of lymphatic gland, or com- 
bination of sarcoma and adenoma. A., cys'tic, A. 
with cystic degeneration. 
Adenoscirrhus, ad-en-o-skir'rus (aden, skirrhos, in- 
duration). Scirrhous induration of a gland ; adenoma 
complicated with scirrhus. 
Adenosclerosis, ad-en-o-skler-o'sis (aden, skleros, 
hard). Induration of a gland; adenoscirrhus. 
Adenose, ad'en-oze. Glandular; having numerous 
glands. 
Adeno'ses. Chronic morbid conditions of glands. 
Adenosis, ad-en-o'sis. Abnormal condition of a 
gland; formation of gland; Hodgkin's disease. A. 
scrophulo'sa, scrofula. 
Adenostyles (ad-en-os'te-laze) alpi'na. Alpine 
plant, order Composite, leaves of which were em- 
ployed to allay cough. A. gla'bra, of S. Europe, has 
similar properties. 
Adenosus, ad-en-o'sus. Glandular. 
Adenosynchitonitis, ad-en-o-sin-ke-ton-e'tis (aden, 
sunchiton, conjunctiva, itis, inflammation). Ophthal- 
mia neonatorum. Inflammation of Meibomian glands. 
Adenotomy, ad-en-ot'o-me (aden, tome, incision). 
Dissection of a gland or glands. 
Adenoty'phoid fe'ver. Typhoid fever; Malta or 
Mediterranean fever. 
Adenoty'phus. Typhoid fever. 
Adenous, ad'en-us. Adenoid. 
Adephagia, ad-e-fah'je-ah (aden, in excess, phago, to 
eat). Addefagia; boulimia; insatiable desire for 
food. 
Adephagous, ad-ef'a-gus (same etymon). Having 
excessive desire for food. 
Ad'eps. Lard, pig's flare. In Ph. U. S. prepared 
internal fat of abdomen of Sus scrofa, or the hog, free 
from saline matter. A. anseri'nus or an'seris, goose 
grease; emollient; emetic. A. benzoina'tus (Ph. U. S.) 
or benzoa'tus, benzoinated lard. A. cantharid'- 
ibus medica'tus, unguentum lytte medicatum. A. 
col'll, equi'ni, fat from neck of horse, used by veter- 
inary surgeons. A. cor'tice Daph'nes gnid'ii medi- 
ca'tus, unguentum epispasticum de Daphne gnidio. 
A. huma'nus, human fat. A. hydrar'gyri muria'te 
oxygena'to medica'tus, unguentum muriatis hydrar- 
gyri oxygenati medicatum. A. hydrar'gyri nitra'te 
medica'tus, unguentum hydrargyri nitratis. A. hy- 
drar'gyri oxi'do ru'bro et plum'bi aceta'te medi- 
ca'tus, unguentum ophthalmicum. A. hydrar'gyro 
medica'tus, unguentum hydrargyri. A. ex hy- 
drar'gyro mit'ius dic'tum cine'reum, unguentum 
oxidi hydrargyri cinereum. A. lau'ro medica'tus, 
unguentum laurinum. A. myris'ticse, expressed oil 
of nutmeg. A. nucis'tse, expressed oil of nutmeg. 
A. ovil'li or o'vis, mutton suet. A. ox'ido zin'ci 
medica'tus, unguentum zinci oxidi. A. oxygena'tus, 
oxygenated lard, from action of nitric acid on lard; 
used in skin diseases. A. papav'ere, hyoscy'amo, et 
belladon'nd, medica'tus, unguentum populeum. A. 
pe'dum tau'ri, neat's-foot oil. A. petro'lei, petrola- 
tum. A. por'ci or porci'nus, hog's lard. A. prsepa- 
ra'tus (Ph. Br.), hog's lard, barrow's grease, lard; pre- 
pared by melting pig's flare and straining it. This is 
called rendering. It is emollient, but chiefly used for 
forming ointments and plasters. A. stibia'tus, tartar ADEPT 
emetic ointment. A. suil'lus, hog's lard. A. suil'- 
lus benzoinatus, benzoinated lard. A. suil'lus cu- 
ratus, prepared lard. A. suil'lus prsepara'tus, pre- 
pared lard. A. sul'fure et ammo'ni® muria'te medi- 
ca'tus, unguentum sulphuratum ad scabiem. A. 
sul'fure et carbona'te potas'sse medica'tus, unguen- 
tum sulphuratum alcalinum ad scabiem. A. tar'taro 
stib'ii medica'tus, unguentum antimonii. 
Adept' (adipiscor, to acquire). One versed in 
alchemy. 
Adepta medicina, ad-ep'tah med-e-se'nah. Medi- 
cine which treated of diseases contracted by celestial 
operations, or communicated from heaven. A. philo- 
soph'ia, alchemy. 
Adermia, ah-dur'me-ah (a, derma, skin). Absence 
or deficiency of skin. 
Adermonervia, ah-dur-mo-nur've-ah (a, derma, 
skin, neuron, nerve). Neuroses of the skin. 
Adermotrophia, ah-dur-mo-trof 'e-ah (a, derma, 
skin, trophe, nourishment). Extenuation or atrophy 
of the skin. 
Adesmia balsamifera, a-des'me-ah bal-sam-if'er-ah. 
Species of leguminous plant employed in Chili as 
vulnerary. 
Adesmosis, ah-des-mo'zis (a, desmos, bond or cord). 
Atrophy or imperfect development of connective 
tissues. 
Adesmy, ah-dez'me. Adesmosis. 
Adflatus, ad-flat'us. Afflatus. 
Adhatoda, ad-hah-to'dah. Malabar nut-tree. Nat. 
ord. Acanthaceae. Leaves, flowers, and root are anti- 
spasmodic ; employed in thoracic affections, and in 
India as emmenagogue for expelling dead foetus in 
abortion. A. Tranquebarien'sis, Indian plant, con- 
tused leaves of which are applied to bruises. A. 
vas'ica, Justicia adhatoda. 
Adhe'rence or Adhe'sion (adhaereo, to stick to). 
These words are usually employed synonymously. 
The French often use adherence for state of union, 
and adhesion for act of adhering. 
Adherent, ad-he'rent. Abnormally attached by 
pathological growth. 
Adhesion, ad-he'zhun. A., pri'mary, term used in 
surgery (per primam intentionem, by first intention) 
to denote the healing of a wound without granula- 
tion or suppuration. A., sec'ondary, healing of a 
wound (per secundam intentionem, by second intention) 
by opposite granulating surfaces becoming united. 
Adhe'sions. Pathological formations of organized 
bands of lymph connecting neighboring organs, as in 
pleurisy (pleuritic adhesions). 
Adhesive, ad-he'ziv. Sticking, uniting. A. inflam- 
mation, inflammation terminating by adhesion be- 
tween inflamed and separated surfaces, at one time 
supposed necessary for such adhesion. A. plaster, 
emplastrum resin®. 
Adhib. Euphrasia officinalis. 
Adhibit'ion. Employment of a remedy. 
Adhotoda. Adhatoda. 
Adiantum (ah-de-an'tum) or Adianthum (a, diaino, 
to grow wet, from leaves not being easily moistened). 
A genus of plants, nat. ord. Filices; several species 
are used medicinally. A. Athiop'icum, S. African 
plant, infusion of which is emollient in bronchial 
and pulmonary affections. A. al'bum, Asplenium ruta 
muraria. A. au'reum, Polytrichum. A. Canaden'se, 
A. pedatum. A. capil'lus ven'eris, maiden-hair. 
European plant, of feeble aromatic and demulcent 
properties. A. coriandrifo'lium, A. capillus veneris. 
A. fra'gile, species growing in Jamaica, used in pul- 
monary affections. A. melanocau'lon, species grow- 
ing in E. Indies; tonic. A. nigrum, A. capillus 
veneris. A. patens, A. pedatum. A. pedatum, Cana- 
da maidenhair, American maidenhair, Rockfern, Sweet- 
fern; aromatic and demulcent. A. ru'brum, Asple- 
nium trichomano'ides. A. ten'erum, species of S. 
America, with same medicinal properties as A. 
capillus veneris. A. trapezifor'me, species from 
Mexico and S. America, with expectorant properties. 
A. ve'rum ni'grum, A. capillus veneris. A. vulga're, 
A. capillus veneris. 
22 
! ADIPSON 
Adiaphania, ah-de-af-an'e-ah (a, diaphaneia, trans- 
parency). Cataract. 
Adiaphoresis (ah-de-ah-for-a'sis) or Adiaphorosis, 
ah-de-ah-for-o'sis (a, diaphoreo, to discharge by per- 
spiration). Defect or suppression of perspiration. 
Adiaphorous, ah-di-af 'o-rus (same etymon). Neu- 
tral ; medicine which will do neither harm nor good. 
Listless, indifferent, inert. 
Adiaplast, ah-di'a-plast (a, dia, through, plasso, to 
form). Abortion, the foetus being imperfectly de- 
veloped. 
Adiapneustia, ah-de-ah-nu'ste-ah (a, dia, through, 
pneo, to breathe). Defect or suppression of perspira- 
tion. 
Adiarrhcea, ah-di-ar-rhe'ah (a, diarrhea, to flow). 
Retention of any excretion; constipation. 
Adiarthrotos, ah-de-arth'ro-tos («, diarthrosis, articu- 
lation). Not jointed; inarticulate as to speech. 
Adiathermic, ah-di-a-ther'mik (a, dia, through, 
therme, heat). Not admitting of passage of heat. 
Adiathesic (a-di-a-the'zik) or Adiasthetic, a-di- 
as-thet'ic (diathesis, constitution or disposition). Oc- 
curring without any antecedent diathesis, as adiasthe- 
sic diseases. 
Adice, ad'ese (adikeo, to injure). Common nettle. 
Adietetic, ah-di-e-tet'ik. Not suitable for food; 
not careful as to proper diet. 
Adipatus, ad-e-pah'tus (adeps, fat). Fatty. 
Adipic (ad'ip-ik) ac'id. Dibasic product of oxida- 
tion of fatty acids; CeHioOi. 
Adipocellular, ad-i-po-sell'u-lar. Consisting of, or 
relating to, fatty and cellular tissues. 
Adipocera, ad-ip-o-se'rah. Adipocere. A. ceto'sa, 
spermaceti, such as moisture. 
Adipoceration, ad-i-po-se-ra'shun (adeps, fat, cera, 
wax). Conversion into adipocere. 
Adipocere, ad'i-po-sere (adeps, fat, cera, wax). Corpse 
fat; Grave wax. Base of biliary calculi, called also 
cholesterin; sort of soap, formed from decompo- 
sition of animal matter under certain circumstances. 
It is a combination of fatty acids and alkaline earths, 
etc. The human body, when it has been for some 
weeks in water, often assumes this appearance. 
Adipocira, ad-ip-o-se'rah. Adipocere. 
Adipociriform, ad-i-po-se're-form (adipocira, forma, 
form). Like adipocere; term applied to such tumors 
as cholesteatoma. 
Adipogenous, ad-i-poj'en-ous (adeps, gennao, to cre- 
ate). Producing fat. 
Adipo'ma, (adeps, fat). Fatty tumor, such as lipoma. 
Adipose, ad'i-pose (adeps, fat). That which relates 
to fat; fatty, as adipose membrane. A. ar'teries, cap- 
sular arteries; branches from thoracic aorta to adi- 
pose tissue of heart. A. cap'sule, layer of fat, sur- 
rounding kidney as a means of support. A. sarco'- 
ma of Ab'ernethy, a suety or fatty tumor enclosed 
in a capsule of areolar substance, connected by minute 
vessels; chiefly found on the trunk. A. tis'sue, fat- 
cells united by connective tissue in all parts of the 
body. 
Adiposis, ad-ip-o'sis (adeps, and osis). Obesity. A. 
hepat'ica, Fatty liver, Fatty degeneration of the liver. 
Disease of liver dependent on accumulation of fat in 
its secreting cells; gland is dull yellow, generally 
greasy and flabby, and if degeneration is excessive it 
may impede circulation in the capillaries and ob- 
struct excretion of bile. 
Adipositas, ad-i-pos'it-as. Adiposity. 
Adiposity, ad-i-pos'it-e. Adiposis. 
Adiposuria, ad-ip-o-zu're-ah (adeps, fat, our on, 
urine). Fatty urine. 
Adiposus, ad-e-po'sus. Fatty; adipose. 
Adipous, ad'i-pus. Fatty; adipose. 
Adipsa, ah-dip'sah (a, dipsa, thirst). Medicines to 
relieve thirst; food that does not cause it. 
Adipsia, ah-dip'se-ah (a, dipsa, thirst). Absence of 
thirst 
Adipsic, a'dip-sik (same etymon). Relieving thirst; 
relating to adipsia. 
Adipson, ah-dip'son. Any substance which relieves 
thirst. ADIPSOS 
Adip'sos. Licorice. 
Adipsous, ah-dip'sus. Not thirsty; adipsic. 
Adipsy, ah'dip-se. Adipsia. 
Aditus, ad'-it-us (entrance). Entrance to a canal 
or duct. A. ad aquseduc'tum Fallo'pii, entrance to 
Fallopian canal. A. ad aquaeduc'tum Syl'vii, en- 
trance to aqueduct of Sylvius. A. ad infundib'ulum, 
vulva; entrance from third ventricle of brain to in- 
fundibulum. A. laryn'gis, superior or pharyngeal 
orifice of larynx. 
Adivas. Inflammation of throat, like quinsy, in 
some animals 
Adivie amida. Jatropha curcas. 
Adjunctive, ad-junk'tiv (ad, to, jungo, to join). 
Term used in surgery to denote preservation of a 
part. 
Adjus'tal bone. Pterygoid bone of fishes (Owen). 
Adjuster, ad-jus'tcr. Instrument for adjustment 
of relation of parts, as in dislocations, displacements, 
etc. 
Ad'jutor minister (helper or aid). Assistant in an 
operation. A. par'tus, accoucheur. 
Adjutorium, ad-ju-to're-um. Adjuvant; humerus. 
Adjuvant, ad'ju-vant (adjuvo, to aid). Medicine in- 
troduced into a prescription to aid operation of princi- 
pal ingredient; whatever assists in removal or preven- 
tion of disease. 
Adminic'ulum (ad, manus, hand). Prop; support; 
anything aiding action of remedy. A. lin'eae al'bse, 
ligament of the lineae albae. 
Admor'tal (ad, to, mors, death). Term applied to 
a current of electricity passing from living tissues to 
a dead muscle. 
Adnasal, ad-na'zal (ad, to, nasus, nose). Premaxil- 
lary bone of fishes (Owen). 
Adnascence, ad-nas'sense (ad, nascor, to grow). Mor- 
bid adhesion or growing together, as of eyelids. 
Adnata (ad-nat'ah) tu'nica (ad, nascor, to grow). 
Conjunctiva; vaginal coat of testicle. 
Adnexa, ad-neks'ah. Appendages. A. u'teri, uterine 
appendages. 
Adolescence, ad-o-les'sense (adolesco, to grow). 
Youth; period between puberty and that at which 
body acquires full development, in man between 
14th and 25th years, and in woman between 12th 
and 21st. The period varies in different countries; 
in Italy, for instance, in men it is from 15th to 25th, 
women, 12th to 20th year. 
Adolescent, ad-o-les'sent. Youth; one at period of 
adolescence. 
Adolia, ad-o'le-ah. Malabar plant, whose leaves are 
used in labor. 
Adonidine, ad-on'id-een. Bitter uncrystallizable 
glucoside obtained from all parts of Adonis vernalis; 
regulates action of heart, increases arterial pressure, 
and augments diuresis, resembling digitalis in action. 
Dose, gr. to gr. | in a day. It does not accumulate 
in the system. 
Adonis aestivalis, ad-o'nis ees-tiv-a'lis. Pheasant's 
eye, European species of Ranunculaceae; vesicant, 
and used internally, in infusion of seeds, in colic. 
A. anom'ala, leaves are vesicant, as are also 
those of A. Apenni'na; latter is used internally 
to produce abortion. A. Capen'sis, species from 
Cape of Good Hope, leaves of which are used as 
substitute for cantharides. A. cupania'na, species 
growing in Sicily; active principle resembles adon- 
idine, and is used as substitute for it. A. grac'ilis, 
leaves of this S. African plant are vesicant. A. ver- 
na'lis, ord. Ranunculaceae. Indigenous in south of 
Europe, growing in U. States, usually prescribed in 
form of adonidine, or of infusion, aqueous extract, 
or tincture. (For properties of the plant as a heart 
tonic, see Adonidine.) The roots are purgative. 
Adop'ter. See Adapter. 
k'dor. Zea mays. 
Adoral, ad-o'ral (ad, to, os, mouth). Near or con- 
nected with the mouth. 
Adorbital, ad-or'bit-al (ad, to or near, orbita, orbit). 
Lacrymal bone of fishes (Owen). 
Adorion, ad-o're-on. Carrot. 
23 
ADVENTITIOUS 
Adosculation, ad-os-ku-la'shun (ad, to, oscular, to 
kiss). Impregnation without complete penetration. 
Articulation in a cavity. 
Adox'a moschatelli'na. Musk crow's foot, growing 
in Europe and America; ord. Caprifoliaceee; anti- 
spasmodic. 
A'dra ri'za (hadros, thick, rhiza, root). Aristolochia 
clematitis. 
Adra'ragi. Crocus. 
Adrenals, ad-re'nals (ad, ren, kidney). Suprarenal 
capsules. 
Adrobolon, ad-ro-bo'lon (hadros, thick, bolos, mass). 
Bdellium of India. 
A'dros (full). Applied to habit of body, and also 
to pulse. 
Adrostral, ad-ros'tral (ad, to, rostrum, beak). Con- 
nected with anterior part of face; part of maxillary 
bone of some animals. 
Adrostro-labial, ad-ros'tro-la'bi-al. Connected with 
the face and lip. 
Ad'rue. Root of Cyperus articulatus, antiemetic 
aromatic of the West Indies. 
Adsamar. Urine. 
Adsaria pala, ad-sah're-ah pah'lah. Dolichos pru- 
riens. 
Adscensus, ad-sen'sus (ascent). Determination of 
blood to the head. 
Ad'sia. Biguonia catalpa. 
Adspection, ad-spek'shun (ad, to, specio, to see). 
Examination or inspection, as of an organ or patient. 
Adspergo, ad-spur'go (sprinkling). Sprinkling 
with water, as spray, or dusting with fine powder. 
Adspersio, ad-spur'se-oh. Adspergo. 
Adspersus, ad-spur'sus (ad, to, sparsus, speckled). 
Spotted. 
Adspiratio, ad-spir-ah'she-o (ad, spiro, to breathe). 
Aspiration, inspiration. 
Ad'stans (ad, near, sto, to stand). Accessory (or- 
gan) ; prostate gland ; nurse. 
Adstites glandulosi, ad'ste-tes glaud-u-lo'se. Pros- 
tate gland. 
Adstriction, ad-strik'shun (ad, stringo, to bind). 
Astringent action; ligation; constipation. 
Adstrictoria, ad-strik-to're-ah. Astringents. 
Adstrictory, ad-strik'to-re. Astringent. 
Adstrin'gens. Astringent. A. Fothergil'lii, kino. 
Adstringentia, ad-strin-gen'she-ah. Astringents. 
Adulas'so. Shrub in India used locally in gout. 
Adult (ad, oleo, to grow). One who has reached full 
or legal age. A. age, virility, manhood; age suc- 
ceeding adolescence and preceding old age; in com- 
mon law, one of full age. 
Adulterant, ad-ul'te-rant. Person or article pro- 
ducing adulteration. 
Adulteration, ad-ul-te-ra'shun. Falsification; fraud- 
ulent addition of other matters to food, drugs, etc., for 
purposes of profit or deception. See Falsification. 
Aduncatio unguium, ad-un-kah'she-o un'gwe-um 
(ad, uncus, hook, unguis, nail). Curvature of nails; 
onychogryphosis. 
Adurens, ad-u'rens (ad, uro, to burn). Caustic. 
Adurion, ad-u're-on. Rhus coriaria. 
Adust (dduro, to burn). Term applied to blood 
and fluids when there is much constitutional heat, 
and but little serum in the blood. 
Adustion, ad-ust'shun. Burn, cauterization; adust 
state. 
Aduterum, ad-u'ta-rum. Oviduct of birds or lower 
portion of it. 
Advancement, ad-vans'ment. Operation for strabis- 
mus, usually accompanied with tenotomy, in which the 
unaffected tendon is also cut and brought forward or 
advanced to better position to control the ball, or by 
shortening the muscle. A. of round lig'aments, 
Alexander's operation. 
Advehens, ad've-hens (ad, veho, to carry). Going to 
a part, as a nerve or vessel. 
Adventitia, ad-ven-tish'e-ah. External coat of 
blood-vessels; neurilemma. A. capilla'ris, external 
coat of capillary vessels. 
Adventitious, ad-ven-tish'us. Accidental, unusual, ADYAO 5 
or acquired, as opposed to hereditary; as, Adventitious 
diseases, acquired diseases; A. membrane, false mem- 
brane ; A. murmurs, accidental or acquired sounds 
heard on auscultation of the heart. 
Ady'ao. Shrub used locally for headache, colic, etc. 
Adynamia, ah-din-ah'me-ah (a, dunamis, strength). 
Weakness or want of power; debility of vital or mus- 
cular powers, as in typhoid fever. Some nosologists 
have grouped such diseases under the name Adyna- 
miae. A. viri'lis, impotence. 
Adynamic, ad-in-am'ik. Affected with debility 
of vital powers; weak. A. fever, typhoid or other 
local form of fever. A. sink'ing, sinking or loss of 
power, observed in adynamic cases. 
Adynamico-ataxic, ad-e-nam'e-co-a-taks'ik. Im- 
paired in mental or bodily vigor and in power of 
muscular co-ordination. 
Ady'namy. Adynamia. 
Adynasia (ad-in-ah'ze-ah) or Adynatia, ad-in-ah'- 
she-ah. Adynamia. 
Adynatocomium, ah-din-at-o-ko-me'um (a, dunatos, 
weak or sick; komeo, to take care of). Hospital. 
Adynatocrasia, ah-din-at-o-kra'se-a (a, dunatos, 
strength, krasis, mixing). Abnormal looseness of 
texture of organic parts of body. 
Adynatodochium, ah-din-at-o-dok-ke'um (a, duna- 
tos, weak, dechomai, to receive). Hospital. 
Adynatus, ah-din'at-us. Sickly. 
Adyno- (ah'din-o) ner'vous fever. Typhoid fever; 
plague. 
ASchryson, ah-ek'ry-son. Sedum. 
Acidium, e-sid'e-um (aikia, blow with whip). 
Wheal. 
Adoea, e-de'ah (aidoia, parts of generation). Geni- 
tal organs. 
Adoeagra, e-de'ah-grah (aidoia, genital organs; agra, 
seizure). Gout in the genitals. 
Adoeagraphy (e-de-ag'ra-fe) or Adenography (sedoea, 
grapho, to describe). Description of organs of generation. 
Adoealogy (e-de-al'o-je) or Adoeol'ogy (sedoea, logos, 
description). Treatise on organs of generation. 
Adoeatomy (e-de-at'o-me) or Adoeot'omy (sedoea, 
tome, incision). Dissection of parts of generation. 
Adceauxe, e-de-auks'e (sedoea, auxe, increase). Tu- 
mefaction of genital organs. 
Adoeci, e-de'se (sedoed). Diseases of genital organs. 
Adoeitis (e-de-e'tis) ot Adceititis, e-de-it-e'tis (sedoea, 
itis). Inflammation of genital organs. 
Adoeo'agra. zEdoeagra. 
Adoeohlennorrhoea, e-de'o-blen-nor-rhe'ah (sedoea, 
blenna, mucus, rheo, to flow). Mucous discharge or 
blennorrhoea from genital organs. A. femina'rum, 
leucorrhcea. 
Adceodynia, e-de-o-din'e-ah (sedoea, odune, pain). 
Pain in the genitals. 
Adoeogargalis'mus or Adceogargarismus, e-de-o- 
gar-gar-iz'mus (sedoea, gargairo, to vibrate). Mastur- 
bation, nymphomania. 
Adoeogargalus, a-da-o-gar'gah-lus (sedoea, gargaliso, 
to tickle). Masturbation, nymphomania. 
Adceography, e-de-og'ra-fe. zEdceagraphy. 
Adoeoitls, e-de-o-e'tis (sedoea, itis, inflammation). 
Inflammation of genital organs. 
Adoeology, e-de-ol'o-je. zEdcealogy. 
Adoeomania, e-de-o-ma'ne-ah (sedoea,mania). Nymph- 
omania. 
Adceomycoderma (e-de-o-mik-o-der'ma) or Adceo- 
mycodermis, e-de-o-mi-co-der'mis, (sedoea, mukos, mu- 
cus, derma, skin). Mucous membrane of genital organs. 
Adceomycodermitis, e-de-o-mik-o-der-me'tis. In- 
flammation of mucous membrane of genital organs. 
Adceon, e-de'on (aidoion, the groin). Genital organ, 
groin. 
Adoeopal'mus (sedoea, palmos, throbbing). Throb- 
bing of genital organs. 
Adoeopsia, e-de-op'se-ah (sedoea, opsis, vision). 
zEdoeoscopy. 
Adceopsophesis (e-de-op-so-fa'sis) or Adceopsophia, 
e-de-op-sof'e-ah (sedoea, psopheo, to make a noise). Emis- 
sion of wind by urethra in man or vagina in woman. 
A. uteri'na, Physometra. 
24 
/EIPATHEIA 
Adoeoptosis, e-de-op-to'sis (sedoea,' ptosis, falling). 
Prolapse of genital organs or bladder. A. u'teri, 
prolapse of uterus. A. vagi'nse, prolapse of vagina. 
JE. vesi'ese, prolapse of bladder. 
Adceorraphe (e-de-or'raf-e) or Adoeorrhaphia, 
e-de-o-raf 'e-ah (sedoea, raphe, suture). Episiorrhaphy. 
Adoeoscopy (e-de-os'ko-pe) or Adosop'sy, e-de-op'se 
(sedoea, skopeo, to view). Examination of organs of 
generation. 
JE dee otitis, e-de-o-te'tis. TEd antis, medeitis. JE. 
gangrseno'sa, colpocace. JE. gangraeno'sa puella'- 
rum, colpocace infantilis. A. gangraeno'sa puerpe- 
ra'rum, colpocace puerperarum. 
Adoeotome (e-de-ot'o-ma) or Adoeotomia, e-de-o- 
tom'e-ah. JEdoeatomy. 
Adceotomy, e-de-ot'o-me. 2Edceatomy. 
Adoptosis, e-dop-to'sis. zEdceoptosis. See Hysterop- 
tosis. JE. u'teri, prolapse of uterus. JE. u'teri in- 
ver'sa, uterus, inversion of. A. u'teri retrover'sa, 
retroversio uteri. A. vagi'nee, prolapse of vagina. 
JE. vesi'eae, prolapsing of bladder, see Exocyste. 
Agagropila (e-gah-gro-pe'lah) or Agagropilus, 
e-gah-gro-pe'lus (aigagros, rock goat, pilos, hair). Ball 
composed of hairs found in stomach of some animals, 
as the goat; once used medicinally. 
Ageiros, e-gi'ros. Black poplar. 
Alger, e'ger. Sick. 
Agias, e'je-as (aigis, goat's skin). Ulcer or speck on 
transparent cornea. 
Agilops, e'gil-ops (aix, a goat, ops, eye). Ulcer at 
inner angle of eye, sometimes penetrating to lacry- 
mal sac, constituting fistula lacrymalis. Inflamma- 
tion of lacrymal duct. 
Aginetia (e-jin-a'te-ah) in'dica. Malabar plant, 
used as antiscorbutic. 
Agiphila, e-gif'il-ah (aix, goat, phileo, to love). S. 
American plant, used for snake-bites. 
Agis, e'jis. 2Egias. 
Ag'le mar'melos (aigle, splendor). Covolam. 
Ag'lia. zEgias. 
JE'go (aix, a goat). In composition, goat. 
Agobronchophony, e-go-bronk-of-o'ne (aix, goat, 
bronchia, phone, sound). .Egophony. 
Agoceras, e-gok'e-ras (sego, keras, horn). Trigonella 
feenum. 
Agolethron (e-gol'eth-ron) or Agol'ethros (sego, 
olethros, destruction). Goatsbane, Ranunculus fica- 
ria. 
Agony, a'go-ne. zEgophony. 
Agonychon, e-gon'ik-on (sego, onux, a hoof). Litho- 
spermum officinale. 
Algophony, e-gof'o-ne. zEgophony. 
Agopodium podagraria, e-go-po'de-um pod-ag-rah'- 
re-ah (sego, podion, little foot). Gout weed or wort, 
Ash weed, English masterwort, Herb-Gerard. Ligusti- 
cum podagraria. 
Agrippa, e-grip'pah. Agrippa. 
Agritudo, e-gre-tu'do (seger, sick). Sickness, dis- 
ease. A. ventric'uli, nausea, vomiting. 
Agrotat, e'gro-tat (Latin word meaning "He is 
sick "). Medical certificate in English colleges to show 
that student is unfit for duty. 
Agrotatio, e-gro-tah'she-o (seger, sick). Disease. 
Agrotus, e-gro'tus. Sick. 
Agylops, e'gil-ops. zEgilops. 
Agyptia, e-jip'te-ah. Epithet for several medicines 
mentioned by older medical writers. A. moscha'ta, 
Hibiscus abelmoschus. A. stypte'ria, Egyptian alum. 
A. ul'cera, Egyptian ulcers; ulcers of fauces and 
tonsils once common in Egypt and Syria. 
Agyptiacum (e-jip-te'ak-um) or Agyption, e-jip'- 
te-on. Preparation of vinegar, honey, and verdigris, 
formerly used by veterinary surgeons as a deter- 
gent. 
Agyptius pessus, e-jip'te-us pes'sus. Egyptian pes- 
sary ; pessary of honey, turpentine, butter, oil of lily 
or of rose, and saffron and verdigris. 
Aeides, e-i'des. Deformed ; condition itself being 
called aeidea. 
Aipatheia (e-i-path-i'ah) or Aipathia, e-i-path- 
e'ah (aei, ever, pathos, disease). Continuous disease, as ZEIPATHIA 
continued fever; disease continuing with suffering 
or without prospect of cure. 
Aipathi'a. Aipathia. 
Aluropsis, e-lu-rop'sis (ailouros, cat, opsis, vision). 
Cat's-eye, seen in Mongolians, in whom the palpebral 
fissure is oblique. 
Amoptoica passio, e-mop-to'e-kah pash'e-o (haima, 
blood, ptuo, to spit). Expectoration of blood. 
Anas afer, e-nas ah-fur. Spanish coleopterous 
insect employed for vesication. 
Ancephalus, een-sef'a-lus. Anencephalus. 
Anea, e-ne'a (a?news, of brass). Catheter. 
Aodoeotomy, e-o-de-ot'o-me. JEdoeotomy. 
Aolanthus suavis, e-o-lan'thus swah'vis. Brazilian 
plant, ord. Labiate; diuretic. 
Aolecthyma, e-o-lek'thim-ah (aiolos, of different 
colors, ecthyma). Small-pox. 
Aollion, e-ol'le-on. Chicken-pox. 
Aolodermous, e-ol-o-der'mus. Having skin of 
varying hue, as in nettle rash. 
Aon, e'on. Entire age of man from birth till 
death. Spinal marrow. 
Aonesis, e-o-na'sis (aionao, to moisten). Fomenta- 
tion. 
Aonion, e-o'ne-on. Sedum. 
Aorah, e-o'rah. Suspension, as by apparatus; 
swinging, gentle exercise, as by riding, sailing, etc. 
Aquator oculi, e-kwantor ok'u-le. Line formed 
by union of upper and under eyelid when they are 
closed. It is below the middle of the globe. Also 
largest circle that can be drawn upon the globe of the 
eye in transverse plane to axis. 
Aquilibrium, e-kwil-ib're-um (eequus, equal, libra, 
weight). Term used in medicine to denote harmony 
of action of the different parts of the system. 
Aquimanous, e-quim'an-us (eequus, equal, manus, 
hand). Ambidextrous. 
Aquivocus, e-quiv'o-kus. Equivocal, as E. genera- 
tio, spontaneous generation. 
A'er. Air. A. dephlogistica'tus, dephlogisticated 
air; oxygen. A. ingen'itus or inna'tus, air in cavity 
of tynlpanum. A. mephit'icus, carbon dioxide. A. 
pu'rus, oxygen. A. vita'lis, oxygen; vital air. 
Aersemotoxia, ah-er-e-mo-toks'e-ah (aer, air, haima, 
blood, toxicum, poison). Toxic condition resulting 
from entrance of air into blood-vessels. 
Aerate, a'er-ate. To furnish with fresh air; to 
ventilate; to supply oxygen to the blood through the 
lungs. 
Aerated, a'er-ated. Supplied with fresh air or 
oxygen. 
Aera'tion. Act of supplying with fresh air or 
oxygen; converting venous blood into arterial; ven- 
tilation. A. of blood, oxygenation of blood, as in 
respiration in haematosis. 
Aerdiaphthoroscope, a-er-di-af'thor-o-skope (aero- 
diaphthora, corrupt state of the air, slcopeo, to see). 
Apparatus for determining amount of impurities in 
the air. 
Aerendocardia, ah-er-en-do-kar'de-ah. Presence 
of air in endocardium or heart-cavities. 
Aerenterectasla, ah-er-en-ter-ak-tah'se-ah (aer, 
enter on, intestine, ektasis, dilatation). Tympanites; 
flatulence. 
A'resis (air esis, removal of anything). Suffix 
denoting removal or separation, as aplueresis, diaeresis, 
etc. 
Aerethmia, ah-er-eth'me-ah. Emphysema. 
Aerethmopneumonia, ah-er-eth-mo-nyu-mo'ne-ah 
(aer, air, ethmos-pneumonia). Emphysema of the 
lungs. 
Aergia, ah-er'ge-ah (a, ergon, work). Torpor. 
Aerhsematox'ia or Aersematoxia, ah-er-e-mah-tox'- 
e-ah (aer, haima, blood, toxikon, poison). Poisoning by 
reception of air into the blood-vessels. 
Aerhaemoctonia, ah-er-he-mok-ton'e-ah (aer, haima, 
blood, ktonos, killing). Death caused by entrance of 
air into a blood-vessel; embolism from similar cause. 
Aerial, a-e're-al (aer, air). Relating to, consisting 
of, or resembling air; through the air as a medium, 
as A. conduction, A. disinfection, etc. A. fis'tula, 
25 
AEROPHYTE 
fistula having communication with the air-passages, 
as from a wound. 
Aericolous, a-er-ik'o-lus (aer, colo, to dwell). Liv- 
ing in the open air. 
Aerif'erous (aer, fero, to carry). Epithet for 
tubes conveying air, as the larynx, trachea, and bron- 
chia. 
Aerification, a-er-if-ik-a'shun (aer, facio, to make). 
Act of converting into air or of introducing air. A. 
of lung, pulmonary emphysema. 
Aeriflux'us (aer, fluo, to flow). Discharge of gas 
and fetid emanations from the sick; flatulence. 
Aeriform, a-er'e-form (aer, air, forma, form). Pos- 
sessing the nature or form of air or gas. 
Aerobia, ah-er-o'be-ah (aer, bios, life). Existence 
in an atmosphere containing oxygen. A., fac'ulta- 
tive, acquired power of existing in air containing 
oxygen by an organism naturally anaerobic. 
Aerobic, a-er-o'bik (same etymon). Term applied 
to organisms, such as some pathogenic bacteria, which 
require air or oxygen for their existence and growth. 
Aerobion, ah-er-o'be-on (same etymon). Organism 
requiring air or oxygen in order to live and grow. 
Aerobioscope, a-er-o-bi'o-skopc (aer, bios, life, 
skopeo, to see). Instrument or apparatus for examin- 
ing organisms living in the air. 
Aero'bious. Aerobic. 
Aerocomia sclerocarpa, ah-er-o-ko'me-ah skler- 
o-kar'pah. Astringent S. American plant, used in 
leucorrhoea, diarrhoea, etc. 
Aerodermecta'sia (aer, derma, skin, ektasis, dilata- 
tion). Emphysema. 
Aerodiaph'thora (aer, diaphthora, corruption). Cor- 
rupt state of the air. 
Aeroduc'tor (aer, duco, to lead). Instrument for 
keeping external orifice of the vagina open in de- 
livery, to admit entrance of air to the child. 
Aerodynamics, a-er-o-di-nam'iks (aer, air, dunamis, 
power). Science treating of the motion of air and its 
mechanical effects while in motion. 
Aeroenterectasia, ah - er - o - en - tur - ek - tah'se - ah. 
Tympanites. 
Aerogoniscope, a-er-o-gon'is-kope (aer, air, gone, 
seed, skopeo, to observe). Instrument devised for the 
purpose of collecting the organic dust from the air. 
Aerography, a-er-og'ra-fe (aer, air, grapho, towrite). 
See Aerology. 
Aerohydrop'athy (aer, hudor, water, pathos, affec- 
tion). Mode of treating disease, air and water being 
chief agents employed. 
AeroVogy (aer, logos, description). Part of physics 
treating of air, its qualities, uses, and action. 
Aeromancy, a'er-o-man-se (aer, manteia, divina- 
tion). Foretelling by means of the air or substances 
found in the atmosphere. 
Aeromanti'a. Aeromancy. 
Aero'meli (aer, meli, honey). Fraxinus ornus. 
Aerometer, a-er-om'e-ter (aer, matron, measure). 
Apparatus for measuring density of air or gases. 
Aeromicrobion, ah-er-o-mik-ro'be-on (aer, mikros, 
small, bios, life). Micro-organism requiring oxygen 
to sustain life. 
Aeroperitonia, ah-er-o-per-e-to-ne'ah. Peritoneal 
emphysema, P. tympanites. 
Aeropho'bia or Aeroph'oby (aer, phobos, fear). 
Dread of the air; symptom often accompanying hy- 
drophobia, hysteria, and other affections. 
Aerophob 'icus or Aeroph'obus (same etymon). One 
affected with aerophobia. 
Aerophone, a-er'o-fone (aer, phone, sound). Ap- 
paratus to produce distinct sound of voice at a dis- 
tance. 
Aerophore, a'er-o-for (aer, air, phero, to carry). 
Apparatus for conveying air to the lungs for the pur- 
pose of resuscitating new-born children. 
Aerophorous, a-er-of'or-us (same etymon). Carry- 
ing or holding air; effervescent. 
Aeroph'thora (aer, phthora, corruption). Corrupt 
state of the air. 
Aerophyte, a'er-o-fite (aer, air, phuton plant). Plant 
growing and existing entirely in air. AEROPLEURIA 
Aeropleuria, ah-er-o-plu're-ah. Pneumothorax. 
Aeropneumonasia (ah-er-o-nu-mon-az'e-ah) or 
Aeropneumonectasia, ah-er-o-nu-mon-ek-taz'e-ah 
(aer, pneumon, lung, ektasis, dilatation). Pulmonary 
emphysema. 
Aerorra'chia, Aerorrha'chia, or Aerorrha'chis (aer, 
rhachis, spiue). Accumulation of air in the spinal 
canal. 
Aeroscope, a-er'o-skope (aer, skopeo, to see). In- 
strument for examination of the air and matters con- 
tained in it (aeros'copy). 
Ae'rose (ses, copper). Possessing the qualities of 
copper. 
Aerosis, ah-er-o'sis. Pneumatosis, tympanites. 
Aerostatics, a-er-o-stat'iks (aer, air, statikos, causing 
to stand). Science treating of equilibrium of elastic 
fluids. 
Aerotherapy (a-er-o-ther'a-pe) or Aerotherapeu- 
tics, a-er-o-ther-a-peu'tiks. Therapeutics directed to 
the air-passages. Application of air or gases as a 
means of treatment, pressure being varied. 
Aerotho'rax. Pneumothorax. 
Aerotonometer, a-er-o-ton-om'e-ter (aer, tonos, 
tension, metron, measure). Instrument for determin- 
ing the tension of gases in the blood. 
Aeroxerotes, ah-er-ox-er-o'tes (aer, xerotes, dry- 
ness). Dryness of the air. 
Aerozoa, ah-er-o-zo'ah (aer, soon, animal). Animals 
requiring air for their existence. 
Aerteriver'sion (aer, tereo, to hold, verto, to turn). 
Mode of checking hemorrhage by eversion of cut 
extremity of an artery, self-invagination of the vessel, 
and fixation of the parts with a needle. 
Aerua. E. Indian plant; root is used in strangury. 
ZEru'ca (ses, copper). Subacetate of copper. 
TEru'ginous (serugo, verdigris). Eesembling verdi- 
gris in color, as bile when discharged from the 
stomach. 
TEru'go (ses, seris, copper). Eust of any metal or 
its salts. Al. crystallisa'ta, acetate of copper. A. 
fer'ri, ferri subcarbonas. IE. plum'bi, plumbi sub- 
carbonas. 
ZErumna, e-rum'nah. Mental anxiety or worry. 
ZErydriasis, ah-er-id-ry'ah-sis. ZErohydropathy. 
ZErydropathia, ah-er-id-ro-path'e-ah. ALrohydrop- 
athy. 
e-re-sip'e-las. Erysipelas. 
ZEs. Copper. 
Aschos, ees'kos (aischos, deformity). Deformity. 
ZEschromythesis, ees-kro-mith-e'sis (use of obscene 
language). Verbal obscurity of delirious conditions. 
.ZEschuyse, ees-ky'e (obscene women). Tribodes. 
Aschynomene (sensitiveness) aspera, ees-ky-nom'- 
e-ne as'per-ah. Species of E. Indies, used in dropsy. 
JE. grandiflora. Species of E. Indies, having antipy- 
retic properties. 
ZEs'culin. White, soluble crystalline glucoside, ob- 
tained from bark of various species of zEsculus, 
CisHigO 2H2O9; antiperiodic. 
.ZEscuius, ees'ku-lus. Genus of plants, nat. ord. 
Sapindaceae, of which the following have been used 
medicinally: A. glab'ra, Ohio buckeye, fetid buck- 
eye; used in congestion of liver. A. hippocas'ta- 
num, horse-chestnut buckeye; native of Persia and 
India; bark has been advised as substitute for cin- 
chona ; bark and fruit are astringent. Externally it 
has been employed, like cinchona, in gangrene; oil of 
the seed is used for embrocation in gout and rheuma- 
tism. A. macrostach'ya, shrub of Southern States, 
having edible fruit. JE. pavi'a, red buckeye of 
Southern United States; bark is antipyretic; fruit is 
tetanic, like strychnia. A. rubicun'da, AS. pavia. 
ZEstates, ees-tah'tes (sestas, summer). Ephelides; 
lentigo; freckles. 
ZE st he'ma (aisthema, sensation) (in plural ZEesthe- 
mata). Apparatus of the senses. 
ZEsthematology, ees-the-ma-tol'o-je (sesthema, logos, 
discourse). Doctrine of, or treatise on, senses or 
apparatus of senses. 
ZEsthematonusi (ees-tha-ma-ton-u'se) or ZEsthe- 
niatorganusi, ees-tha-mah-tor-gan-u'se (sesthema, and 
26 
/ETHER 
nousoi, diseases). Diseases affecting sensation or or- 
gans of sense. 
Asth.ematorganon,ees-the-mah-torg'an-on (xsthema, 
sensation, organon, organ). Organ of sensation or of 
senses. 
Asthesia, ees-the'ze-ah. JEsthesis. 
Asthesimeter, ees-the-zim'e-ter. 
Asthe'sin. Anhydrous compound occurring in 
the tissue of the brain. 
Asthesiogenic, ees-the-ze-o-gen'ik (xsthesis, sensa- 
tion, gennao, to produce). Term applied to agents hav- 
ing special influence upon sensation or sensibility. 
Asthesiography, ees-the-ze-og'ra-phe (xsthesis, 
graphs. description). Description of sensorial appara- 
tus. 
Asthesiology, ees-the-ze-ol'o-je (xsthesis, logos, dis- 
course). Doctrine of, or treatise on, sensation or 
senses. 
Aesthesiometer, ees-the-ze-om'e-tur (xsthesis, metron, 
measure). Measurer of sensation; instrument of 
beam-compass kind to indicate distance at which two 
points can be distinguished when brought in contact 
with any portion of cutaneous surface; such measure- 
ment is called Esthesiometry. 
Asthesioneuro'ses. Disorders of the nervous sys- 
tem, of sensation, or of the senses. vis'ceral, 
sensory affections of internal organs. 
Asthesis (ees-tha'zis) or Asthe'sia (aisthesis, sensa- 
tion). Faculty of being affected by sensation; per- 
ception ; sensibility, as well as senses themselves. 
Asthesodic, ees-the-zod'ik (xsthesis, hodos, way). 
Having faculty of conveying sensation; gray matter 
of cord has been called aesthesodic substance, being 
path of sensory impressions. Kinesodic is the an- 
tithesis to Esthesodic. 
Astheterion (ees-tha-ta're-on) or Astheterium, ees- 
tha-ta're-um (xsthesis, sensation). Sensorium. 
Asthetic, ees-thet'ik. Eelation to sensation. 
Asthetica, ees-thet'e-kah (aisthesis, sensation). Dis- 
eases affecting sensations; dulness, depravation, or 
abolition of one or more external organs of sense; 
agents that affect sensation. 
Asthetics, ees-thet'iks. Science of sensation. 
Astival, ees'tiv-al. Eelating to summer. 
Aestivation, ees-tiv-a'shun. Dormancy of animal 
life during summer. 
Astuarium, ees-tu-ah're-um(xstas, summer). Stove; 
vapor bath; well-heated room. 
Astuation, ees-tu-a'shun. Ebullition; fermenta- 
tion ; heat of body or of the blood. 
Ast'us (heat). Heat. ZE. volat'icus, sudden heat; 
scorching or flushing of the face. 
Altai, e'tal. Belonging to any age, as E. changes of 
the teeth in dentition. 
Atas, e'tas. Age. A. bo'na, adolescence. A. de- 
crep'ita, decrepitude. A. firma'ta, period of full 
vitality. A. in'euns, childhood. A. infir'ma, old age. 
A. ingraves'cens, approaching old age. A. in'tegra, 
full adolescence. A. mala, old age. A. matu'ra, 
manhood. A. me'dia, middle age. A. provec'ta, 
old age. A. puerilis, boyhood. A. senec'ta or 
senilis, old age. A. virilis, adult age. 
Athales, ee'thal-ees. Evergreen. Sempervivens 
tectorum. 
Atheomma, e-the-om'mah (aitho, to burn, omma, 
eye). Leonine eye, humors and membranes of which 
are dark. Condition of eye characterized by flashes 
of light. 
Ather, e'ther (aither, subtle air of upper regions). 
Naphtha; volatile liquid obtained by distillation 
from mixture of alcohol and concentrated acid. See 
Ether sulphuricus and Ether. A. ace'ticus or aceto'- 
sus, acetic ether; ethyl acetate. A. alcohollcus, 
spiritus setheris. A. annnoniacalis or ammoniaca'- 
tus, ether with ammonia. A. am'ylo-nitro'sus or 
amyl'icus nitro'sus, amyl nitrite. A. ansesthet'icus 
or A. Aran'ii, colorless liquid made by acting upon 
ethyl chloride or ethylidene dichloride with chlorine; 
prepared by Dr. Aran. A. azo'ticus, ZE. nitrosus. 
A. benzolcus, benzoic ether; ethyl benzoate. A. 
broma'tus, ethyl bromide. A. bromhy'dricus, ethyl /ETHER 
bromide; hydrobromic ether. JE. butyr'icus, ethyl 
butyrate. E. cantharida'tus, ethereal extract 
of cantharides; liquor epispasticus. E. chlora'- 
tus, hydrochloric ether. E. chlora'tus alcohol'- 
icus, spiritis aetherus. E. chlorhy'dricus or 
chlorohy'dricus, hydrochloric ether; ethyl chlo- 
ride. E. c. chlora'tus, zE. auaestheticus. E. 
chlo'ricus, chloric ether; chloroform. E. cyp'- 
ricus, ethereal solution of copper sulphate, used in 
epilepsy. JE. ferra'tus, compound of iron and ether. 
E. for'micus or formi'cicus, formic ether; ethyl 
formate. E. for'tior, stronger ether; see Ether sul- 
phuricus. JE. Frobe'nii, ethylic ether, after chemist 
Frobenius. JE. hy'dricus, ethylic ether. E. hydri- 
o'dicus, Hydriodic or lodhydric Ether, Iodide of Ethyl. 
Obtained by mixing alcohol, iodine, and phosphorus 
and distilling; used for inhalation ; ethyl iodide. E. 
hydrobro'micus, ether, hydrobromic ; ethyl bromide. 
JE. hydrochlo'ricus, hydrochloric ether; ethyl chlo- 
ride; see Ether muriaticus. E. hydrocyan'icus, Hy- 
drocyanic or Prussic ether, Hydrocyanate or Cyanide 
of Ethylen or Ethyl. Cyanide or cyanuret has been 
advised in whooping cough and where hydrocyanic 
acid is indicated. Dose, 6 drops. E. ioda'tus, ethyl 
iodide; iodine dissolved in ether. E. iodhy'dricus, 
hydriodic ether; ethyl iodide. E. ligno'sus, acetone. 
JE. lo'tus, washed ether; ethylic ether deprived of al- 
cohol by washing with water. JE. martia'lis, tinctura 
sulphurico-aetherea ferri. E. mercuria'lis, ethereal 
solution of corrosive sublimate. JE. methyl'icus, 
methylic ether. E. muriat'icus, Muriatic, Chlorohyd- 
ric, or Marine ether; Muriate of ethylen; Ethyl chlo- 
ride, C2H5CI, made by action of muriatic acid on 
alcohol. Colorless liquid, used as a local anaesthetic, 
on account of its frigorific effects, in dentistry, minor 
surgery, opening of abscesses, facial neuralgia, 
etc. See .Ether sulphuricus. A chlorinated chloro- 
hydric or muriatic ether, zEther muriaticus trichlo- 
ratus, zEther anaestheticus, formed by action of 
chlorine on chlorohydric ether, has been used as local 
anaesthetic. JE. muriat'icus alcohol'icus, spiritus 
aetheris muriatici. E. muriat'icus trichlora'tus, see 
Ether muriaticus. JE. ni'trico-alcohol'icus, spiritus 
aetheris nitrosi. E. ni'tricus, nitric ether. JE. ni'- 
tricus alcoolisa'tus, spiritus aetheris nitrosi. E. ni- 
tro'sus, ether, nitrous; ethyl nitrite. See Spiritus 
setheris nitrosi. JE. petro'lei, rhigolene. E. phos- 
phora'tus, colorless liquid made by infusing phos- 
phorus in ether. JE. phosphor'icus, ethylic ether, 
made by decomposing alcohol with phosphoric 
acid. E. Pruss'icus, aether hydrocyanicus. JE. pu'- 
rus, pure ether; see E. fortior. E. pyroace'ticus, 
acetone. E. rectiflca'tus, stronger ether. JE. spirit- 
uo'sus, ethylic ether, spiritus aetheris. E. sulphu'- 
ricus, Ether (Ph. U. S. and Br.), prepared by action of 
sulphuric acid on alcohol; colorless, very inflammable, 
volatile liquid, of penetrating and fragrant odor and 
hot pungent taste; s. g. 0.750 Ph. U. S. and 0.732 Ph. 
Br. Ether fortior (Ph. U. S.), stronger ether, is a 
liquid composed of about 94 per cent, of ethyl oxide 
and about 6 per cent, of alcohol, containing a little 
water; sp. gr. is not higher than 0.725 at 59° F., or 
0.716 at 77° F. Ethur purus (Ph. Br.), pure ether, 
is made by agitating ether with chloride of cal- 
cium, lime, and water, decanting the ether after 
standing, and distilling off half the amount of ether 
used; s. g. 0.725. Used for inhalation as anaesthetic. 
Ether is diffusible stimulant, narcotic, and antispas- 
modic, and, externally, refrigerant. Dose, gtt. xxx to 
f 3iss. It has been prescribed internally also in cap- 
sules (pearls of ether), or externally by shaking up 
with white of egg in form of gelatinized ether. When 
inhaled, it is a valuable anaesthetic, employed in spas- 
modic affections and in surgical operations, or, exter- 
nally, as local anaesthetic, in form of ether spray. See 
Ansesthetic. JE. sulphu'ricus a'cidus, elixir acidum 
Halleri. E. sulphu'ricus cum al'cohole aromat'- 
icus, spiritus aetheris. JE. sulphu'ricus alcoolisa'tus 
or cum alcoho'le, spiritus aetheris. E. terebinthi- 
na'tus, terebinthinated ether, made by mixing alco- 
hol, spirit of turpentine, concentrated nitric acid, and 
27 
I /ETHYLIDENUM 
distilling; employed externally and internally in 
biliary calculi, rheumatism, etc. Dose, 20 to 40 drops 
in honey or yolk of egg. JE. valerian'icus, valeri- 
anic ether; ethyl valerianate. JE. vitri'oli or vitri- 
ol'icus, zEther sulphuricus. 
Ethe'rea. Term given formerly to preparations of 
ether. E. herba, eryngium maritimum. 
Ethereal, e-the're-al. Ethereal, ethereous. Ethe- 
real tincture is one formed by action of sulphuric 
ether, at ordinary temperature, on medicinal sub- 
stances. Ethereal oil is a volatile oil. 
Ethereo-oleosa (e-tha'ra-o-o-la-o'sah) remedia 
(setheroleum, volatile oil). Remedies whose properties 
depend upon the volatile oil they contain. 
Ethereus (e-tha'ra-us) or Etherius, e-tha'rius. Re- 
lating to ether; ethereal. 
Ethe'rial. Ethereal. 
Etherisatio, e-tha-re-zah'she-o. Etherization. 
Etherisatus, e-tha-re-zah'tus. Etherized. 
Etherismus, e-tha-ris'mus. Etherism. 
Etherolea, e-tha-ro'la-ah. Volatile oils. 
Ethiopification, e-the-o-pe-fik-a'shun (sethiops, 
black, facio, to make). Mummy-like coloring of 
skin induced by use of mercurial or sulphur oint- 
ment, or of nitrate of silver internally, and seen in 
bodies poisoned by arsenic. 
Ethiopismus, e-the-o-pis'mus. zEthiopifi cation. 
Ethiopoleucophlegmatia, e-the-o-po-leu-ko-fleg- 
mah'she-ah (sethiops, leukos, white, phlego, to inflame). 
Phlegmasia or chlorosis of negroes. 
Ethiopopoesis, e-the-o-po-po-a'sis (poieo, to make). 
TEthiopification. 
Ethiopoprocalymma, e-the-o-pop-rok-a-lim'mah 
(sethiops, prokalumma, a veil). Hottentot apron. 
Ethioposis, e-the-o-po'sis. JEthiopification. 
Ethiops, e'the-ops (aitho, to burn, ops, countenance). 
Black or burnt countenance ; aethiopian; negro. An- 
cient name of certain black oxides and sulphurets of 
metals. .ZE. al'bus, albino; hydrargyrum cum creta. 
E. alcalisa'tus, hydrargyrum cum creta. JE. ani- 
ma'lis, impure animal charcoal; see also Choroidea 
tunica. JE. antimonia'lis, compound of sethiops min- 
eral and sulphide of antimony. JE. creta'ceus, hy- 
drargyrum cum creta. JE. fer'ricus, 2E. martialis. 
JE. martia'lis, Martial Ethiops; black deutoxide of 
iron, once in repute as a tonic. E. mercuria'lis, hy- 
drargyri sulphuretum nigrum. E. minera'lis, hy- 
drargyri sulphuretum nigrum. E. narcot'icus, 
hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum. JE. per se, hy- 
drargyri oxidum cinereum. JE. pur'gans, mercury 
with calomel or jalap. JE. sacchara'tus, hydrar- 
gyri saccharatum. JE. vegetab'ilis, see Fucus vesic- 
ulosus. 
Ethiopsis, e-the' op-sis. Salvia sclarea. 
7Ethiopus, e-the'o-pus. zEthiops. 
Ethmoid, eeth'moyd. Ethmoid. 
Ethogen, e'tho-gen (aithon, brilliant, gennao, to pro- 
duce). Ethogen; compound of boron and nitrogen, 
which gives a very brilliant light when heated with 
the blowpipe. 
Etholices, e-thol'e-ces, pl. of Etholix (aitho, to burn, 
helios, sun). Fiery pustules on the skin; bullse; boils. 
Ethusa, e-thu'sah (aitho, to burn). Ammi, Sison 
ammi. JE. cyna'pium, fool's parsley, nat. ord. Um- 
belliferse. Poisonous European plant mistaken for 
true parsley, producing vomiting, giddiness, sopor, and 
at times fatal results; diuretic and emmenagogue. 
JE. me'um, spignel, baldmoney; the root has been ad- 
vised as carminative, stomachic, etc. 
Ethusine, e-thu'zeen. Poisonous alkaloid, active 
principle of zEthusa cynapium. 
.Ethyl, e'thil. Ethyl. E. bro'midum, ethyl bro- 
mide. E. chlor'idum, ethyl chloride. E. io'didum, 
ethyl iodide. 
Ethylaldehyde, eth-il-al'de-hide. Acetaldehyd. 
Ethylenum, eth-il-a'num. Ethylene. JE. bi- 
chlora'tum or bichloridum, ethylene bichloride. JE. 
chlora'tum, ethylene bichloride. 
Ethylices, eth-il'e-ses. zEtholices. 
Ethylicodes, eth-il-ik-o'des. Bullar. 
Ethylidenum, eth-il-id-e'num. Ethylidene. JE. JETHYLUM 
bichlora'tum, ethylidene chloride. Al. chlora'tum, 
ethylidene chloride. 
TEthylum, eth'il-um. Ethyl. J£. bromatum (bro- 
mah'tum), ethyl bromide. Al. chlora'tum, ethyl 
chloride. Ai. ioda'tum, ethyl iodide. 
TE'tia (cause). Cause of disease. 
TEtioi phlebes, e'te-oi fla'bes (eagle veins). Tem- 
poral veins. 
TEtiologist, e-te-ol'o-gist. One who investigates 
causes of disease. 
./Etiology or Etiology, e-te-ol'o-je (aitia, cause, logos, 
discourse). Doctrine of causes of disease. 
JEtionymous, e-te-on'im-us (aitia, cause, onoma, 
name). Named according to cause, as lead paralysis, 
mercurial tremor, etc. 
Atites (e-te'tase) or Aetites (aetos, an eagle). 
Eagle-stone. Formerly supposed to facilitate delivery 
if bound on the thigh, and to prevent abortion if 
bound on the arm. 
Atony chum, e-ton'e-kum. Lithospermum. 
Axtoxicum, eaks-toks'e-kum. yEgotoxicum. 
Af, as a prefix to. See Ad. 
Afebrile, ah-feb'ril (a, febris, fever). Without 
fever. 
Af'fadil. Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. 
Affect'. See Affection. 
Affectio, af-fek'she-o (affecto, to move or influence). 
Affection, disease. A. arthrit'ica cor'dis, cardiagra. 
A. eveli'aca, obstruction of bowels. A. hypochion- 
dri'aca, hypochondriasis. A. hyster'ica, hysteria. 
A. Sarmat'ica, plica. A. scorbu'tica pustulo'sa, 
pemphigus. A. tympanit'ica, tympanites. A. ute- 
ri'na, hysteria. 
Affection, af-fek'shun. Mode in which mind or 
body is affected or modified; disease. 
Affectiones animi, af-fek-she-o'nes an'e-me. Affec- 
tions of the mind, as passions, sensations, etc. 
Affec'tive. That which affects, touches, etc. Af- 
fective faculties, functions dependent upon organiza- 
tion of the brain, comprising sentiments, affections, 
etc. A. insan'ity, emotional insanity. 
Affectus, af-fek'tus. Morbid condition; passion. A. 
an'imi, affections of the mind. A. fau'cium pes'ti- 
lens, cynanche maligna. A. flatulen'tus, hypochon- 
driasis. A. hydero'des, dropsy. A. hyster'icus, hys- 
teria. A. impllca'tus, disease complicated with other 
affections. A. mag'nus, epilepsy. A. melanchol'icus, 
melancholy. A. praecordia'lis, hypochondriasis. A. 
spasmod'ico-convulsi'vus labio'rum, neuralgia, fa- 
cial. 
Afferent, af'fe-rent (affero, to carry). Centripetal, 
esodic. Conveying inward, as from periphery to 
centre. A. nerve, nerve conveying impressions to 
nervous centres. A. ves'sel, vessel conveying con- 
tents to central portions of the body. 
Affinity, af-fin'it-e. In chemistry, the attraction 
occurring between heterogeneous substances and 
forming compounds. In medicine this term implies 
the predilection shown by diseases to affect certain 
parts. A. of aggregation, attraction and cohe- 
sion. A. of composition, tendency of several sub- 
stances to combine and form new matter without 
affecting any compound existing before. A., com- 
pound, in chemistry, denotes the tendency shown by 
two or more bodies to unite and form a compound. 
A., divel'lent, term denoting the force leading to 
formation of new compounds through decomposition 
of the old ones. A., elective, affinity shown by one 
body for combining with a certain other. A., inter- 
me'diate, affinity by which a substance is capable of 
causing direct combination with other substances 
which possess no affinity for one another. A., qui- 
es'cent, affinity which keeps the dissimilar elements 
of a compound united. 
Affion (af'fe-on) or Affium. Opium; crude opium ; 
electuary of which opium is basis. 
Afflatus, af-flah'tus (a/, flo, to blow). Air striking 
the body and producing disease. Expulsion of flatus; 
belching; sudden attack of erysipelas. 
Affluence (af'flu-ence) or Af'flux (affluo, to flow to). 
Flow or determination of humors, particularly of 
28 
AGALORRHCEA 
blood, toward a part. Accumulation of fluid in part 
or organ. Fluxion. 
Affluent, af'fluent. Flowing toward a part or 
organ, or accumulating in it. 
Afflux, af-fluks. Affluence. 
Aff'rodile. Daffodil, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. 
Affunena, af-fu-na'nah. Plant of Guinea with pur- 
gative properties. 
Affuse, af-fuse' (affundo, to pour upon). To sprinkle. 
Affusio, af-fu'zhe-o (ad, fundo, to pour). Affusion 
or suffusion; infusion; cataract. A. frig'ida, cold af- 
fusion. A. oc'uli, cataract. A. orbicula'ris, placenta. 
Affusion, af-fu'zhun. Action of pouring liquid on 
any body. Affusions, cold and warm, are used in dif- 
ferent diseases. Cold affusion consists in placing 
patient in tub and pouring cold water over him, 
then wiping him dry and putting him to bed. Pre- 
caution is necessary to use it in state of greatest heat 
and exacerbation to reduce fever and quiet excited 
nervous conditions, not when chilliness or topical in- 
flammation is present. 
Aflac. Vitex trifolium (Madagascar). 
Af'loun, Af'ium, or Af'iun. Opium. 
Af'oba. Plant of Guinea used for scabies. 
Afoe'tal, a-fe'tal. Without fcetus. 
Af'rican date-mark. Biskra button. A. fe'ver, 
malignant malarial fever. A. leech, leech from 
Algiers, in Africa. A. leth'argy, fatal sleep disease 
or sleeping sickness, to which negroes of West Africa 
are subject, sleepiness being the chief symptom ; the 
arachnoid membrane is found on post-mortem ex- 
amination to be hypereemic. A. sleep disease, A. 
lethargy. 
Afsantin, af-san'tin. Arabian name for wormwood. 
After-action. Brief negative variation in electric 
current after spasm of a muscle. 
Af'ter-birth. Placenta, umbilical cords, and mem- 
branes expelled after birth of child; placenta alone. 
After-brain. Fifth cerebral vesicle of embryo. 
After-burthen. After-birth. 
After-cat'ar act. Secondary cataract. 
After-damp. Irrespirable atmosphere following 
explosion of fire-damp. See Hydrogen, carburetted. 
After-im'ages. Impressions remaining upon retina 
after illuminated object is removed; when the image 
is simply prolonged, the after-image is said to be posi- 
tive ; when seen in complementary colors, negative. 
After-pains. Pains after labor, resulting from 
uterine contractions. 
After-percep'tion. Appreciation of impression on 
sensory organs after withdrawal of cause producing it. 
After-produc'tion. Neoplasm or new formation. 
After-sensa'tion. Continuance of impression after 
withdrawal of stimulating cause. 
After-shaft. Hollow in small of back. 
After-treatment. Subsequent treatment of a case, 
as after operation. 
Af'yun. Affion. 
Ag, in composition, to. See Ad. 
A'gah. Intermittent fever. 
A'gal. Agallochum. 
Agalactatio (ah-gal-ak-tah'she-oh) or Agalactia, 
ah-gal-ak'te-ah (a, gala, milk). Absence of milk in 
the mammae; defective lactation. 
Agalactos, ah-gal-ak'tos (same etymon). Without 
milk; having deficiency of milk. 
Agalactous, ah-gal-ak'tus (same etymon). Without 
milk; not naturally nursed (referring to infant). 
Having property of checking lactation. 
Agalasia, ah-gal-az'e-ah. Agalactia. A. contagio'sa, 
epidemic disease attacking sheep and goats, in which 
there is diminution or absence of secretion of milk. 
Agalax, ah'gal-acks. Agalactous. 
Agalaxia (ah-gal-aks'e-ah) or Agalaxis,ah-gal-ak'sis. 
Agalactia. 
Agalaxy, ah-gal'aks-e. Agalactia. 
Agalloch, ag-al'lok. Agallochum. 
Agallochum, ag-al'lo-kum (agallo, to decorate). 
Aloes-wood. Resinous aromatic wood of E. Indies. 
Agalorrhcea, ah-gal-or-rhe'ah (a, gala, milk, rheo, to 
flow). Stoppage of secretion of milk. AGAMIC 
Agamic, a-gam'ik (a, gamos, marriage). Without 
sex; not of sexual origin; generating without im- 
pregnation. 
Agamogen'esis (a, gamos, marriage, genesis, genera- 
tion). Reproduction without sexual intercourse. 
Agamonema, ah-go-mon-e'mah (a, gamos, marriage, 
nema, thread). Germs of nematode worms. 
Agamone'matode (agomonema, eidos, resemblance). 
Larval condition of agomonema, existing in intes- 
tinal canal or peritoneal cavity of some animals. 
Agamous, a'gam-us (a, gameo, to marry). Without 
sexual organs; reproducing without intercourse, as in 
budding; cryptogamous. 
Aganactesis, ah-gan-ak'te-sis (aganakteo, to feel 
pain). Pain. 
Aganobleph'aron (aganos, mild, blepharon, eyelid). 
Abnormal adhesion of the eyelids. 
Aganostakis, ag-an-os'ta-kis. Ophthalmoscope was 
so-called, being the name of a young Greek physi- 
cian who claimed to have invented it. 
A'gar-agar. Japanese or Bengal isinglass, consist- 
ing of dried sea-weed, used as food; species of Algse 
used as medium for bacterial cultures, and in medicine 
to make suppositories. 
Ag'aric. See Agaricus. A. acid, agaricin. A., 
ed'ible, Agaricus edulis. A. of oak, Agaricus chiru- 
gorum. A., white, Agaricus albus. 
Agaricin, ag-ar'is-in. White active principle of 
Agaricus albus, given in night sweats of phthisis; 
alkaloid from various species of Agaricus. Dose, 
gr- 
Agaricin'ic acid. Agaricin. 
Agaricum, ag-ar'ik-um. Agaricus. 
Agaricus, ag-ar-ik'us. Genus of plants, Agaricini, 
or mushrooms, some of which are edible, others poison- 
ous. The edible variety has received several names- 
A. campestris, A. edulis, A. arvensis, A. sylvaticus. A. 
odoratus is also similarly employed. A. al'bus, white 
agaric, parasitic fungus on the European larch, 
cathartic and emetic, used in night sweats of phthisis. 
Dose, gr. A. arven'sis, see Agaricus. A. 
auranti'acus, delicate variety of genus Amanitae, 
that must not be confounded with A. pseudo-auran- 
tiacus, which is very poisonous. A. auriculsefor'mis, 
Peziza auricula. A. campes'tris, see Agaricus. A. 
chirurgo'rum, variously called spunk, amadou, punk, 
agaric of the oak, touchwood, boletus, female agaric, 
tinder, has been used as moxa. A. edu'lis, A. cam- 
pestris. A. ignia'rius, A. albus. A. lar'icis, A. 
albus. A. musca'rius, fly agaric, fungus amanita 
muscaria, growing in Europe, from which the alkaloid 
muscarine is obtained. A. neca'tor, poisonous variety. 
A. praepara'tus, A. chirurgorum. A. psuedo-auran- 
tia'cus, poisonous fungus of genus Amanitae. A. 
quer'cus or querci'nus, A. chirurgorum. A. sylvat'- 
icus, A. campestris. 
Agaster, ah-gas'tur (a, gaster, stomach). Devoid of 
stomach or alimentary canal. 
Agas'tor (a, gaster, uterus). Without uterus; agas- 
ter. 
Agas'tric (a, gaster, stomach). Without digestive 
organs. 
Agastronervia, ah-gas-tro-nur've-ah (a, gaster, 
stomach, neuron, nerve). Want of nervous action or 
power in the stomach. 
Agastronomia, ah-gas-tro-no'me-ah (a, gaster, 
stomach, nomos, rule). Agastronervia. 
Agastrozo'a (a, gaster, stomach, zoon, animal). Agas- 
tric animals. 
Agasyllis galbanum, ag-as-il'lis gal'ban-um. Bu- 
bon galbanum. 
Agathin, ag'ath-in. Salicyl - aldehyde - methyl- 
phenyl-hydrazone. Small white leaflets, insoluble 
in water, used in sciatica, neuralgia, and rheumatism. 
Dose, 0.5 gramme, or 7| grains, two or three times 
daily; analgesic and antithermic. 
Agathis damarra, ag'ath-is dam-ar'rah (agathis, 
clew of thread). Pinus damarra. 
Agathodes angustifolia, ag-ath-o'des an-gus-te-fo'- 
le-ah. Species of Gentianaceae; bitter root is tonic and 
antipyretic. 
29 
• AGGLOMERATE 
Agathophyllum aromaticum, ag-ath-o-fil'lum ar-o- 
mat'ik-um. Tree of Madagascar; fruit is stimulant; 
leaves are condiment. 
Agatliosma crenata, ag-ath-os'mah kren-at'ah 
(agathos, good, osme, odor). Diosma crenata. 
Agathotes chirayita (a-gath'o-tes ke-ray-i'tah) or 
chiray'ta (agathotes, goodness). Gentiana chirayta. 
Agave, ah-ga've (a, agauos, admirable). Genus of 
plants, nat. ord. Amyrillidacese, of which several 
have been used in medicine. A. America'na, Ameri- 
can agave, American aloe, Century plant, Maguey. 
This plant of tropical America is diuretic, anti- 
syphilitic, laxative, and emmenagogue. A. lu'tea, 
species growing in Mexico; from juice of leaves a 
pectoral syrup is prepared. A. Mexica'na, juice is 
diuretic, laxative, and emmenagogue. A. potato'rum, 
Mexican plant, same properties as A. salmiana. A. 
ramo'sa, A. Americana. A. salmia'na, species of 
A. growing in Mexico; leaves are rubefacient; root 
is diuretic; sweet juice of plant, aguamiel, is called 
pulque when fermented; when pulque is distilled, a 
brandy is obtained, called mezcal or aguardiente de 
maguey. A. virgin'ica, rattlesnake's master, false 
aloe, grows in Southern States. Boot very bitter ; has 
been used in tincture as carminative in colic, and as 
remedy for bites of serpents. 
Age. Period of life; time that has elapsed since 
birth. Five ages are often designated. 1. First in- 
fancy, infantia; 2. Second infancy, pueritia; 3. Ado- 
lescence ; 4. Adult or virile age, manhood or woman- 
hood ; 5. Old age. A., adult', see Age. A. of consent', 
legal age of consent to sexual intercourse. A. of ma- 
tu'rity, adult or virile age. A. of pu'berty, see 
Puberty. A. of viril'ity, see Age. 
Agelae'a emet'ica. Madagascar plant; leaves are 
emetic. A. Lamarckii, Madagascar plant, used for 
dysentery and gonorrhoea. 
Agenelos, ah-gen-i'os (a, geneion, beard). Beardless. 
Agenesia (ah-gen-a'ze-ah) or Agenesis, ah-gen'e-sis 
(a, genesis, generation). Impotence; imperfect develop- 
ment of any part. A., cer'ebral, imperfect develop- 
ment of brain in foetus. A. rec'ti, imperforate anus. 
Agennesia (ah-gen-na'ze-ah) or Agennesis, ah- 
jen'ne-sis (a, genesis, generation). Impotence, ster- 
ility ; absence of any sexual organ. Agenesia. 
Agenosomus, ah-gen-os-o'mus (a, gennao, to gene- 
rate, soma, body). Monster with malformation in 
which fissure and eventration are chiefly in lower 
part of the abdomen-urinary or sexual apparatus 
is absent or very rudimentary. Condition is called 
Agenoso'ma. See Celosoma. 
Agent, a'jent (ago, to act). Any power producing 
or tending to produce effect on the body. Morbific 
agents are causes of disease; therapeutical agents, 
means of treating it. 
A'ger natu'rae. Field of nature; uterus. 
Agerasia, ah-ger-az'e-ah (a, geras, old age). Vig- 
orous old age. 
Ager'asy. Agerasia. 
Ageratuni, ah-je'rat-um. Achillea ageratum. A. 
altis'simum, Eupatorium ageratoides. A. ptar'mi- 
cum, species having sialagogue and errhine properties. 
Agerazia, ah-ger-ah'ze-a. Agerasia. 
A'ges (wicked). Palm of hand (because sometimes 
employed in evil deeds). 
Ages'ter. Without stomach or alimentary canal. 
Ageusia (ah-gu'se-ah), Ageusis (ah-gu'sis), or 
Ageustia, a-goost'e-ah (a, geusis, taste). Diminution 
or loss of taste; ansesthesia of the tongue; disease 
of organ or sense of taste. 
Ageustus, a-goos'tus. Affected with ageusia; not 
tasted. 
Agger, ag'ger. Prominence or projection. A. 
auric'ulse, ridge on middle surface of outer ear, on 
which is inserted retrahens aurem muscle. A. na'si, 
rudiment of nasal turbinate bone of lower animals, 
seen in man at anterior free extremity of middle 
turbinate bone. A. perpendicula'ris, A. auriculse. 
A. pontic'ulus, A. auriculae. A. valvula'rum, projec- 
tion at base of valves of a vein. 
Agglom'erate (agglomero, to collect together). Col- AGGLUTINANT 
lected together;. a term applied to tumors or glands 
in aggregation. A. glands, glands of Peyer. 
Agglutinant, ag-gloo'te-nant {ag, gluten, glue). Join- 
ing or gluing together; remedies considered capable 
of uniting divided parts; some plasters which adhere 
strongly to the skin and certain bandages are so 
termed. 
Agglutinate, ag-gloo'te-nate. To reunite, as lips of 
a wound. 
Agglutina'tio. Agglutination. A. maxil'lse in- 
feriors, lockjaw. A. pilo'rum, cure of ingrowing 
lashes by application of glutinous material. 
Agglutination, ag-gloo-te-na'shun. First degree of 
adhesion; action of agglutinants; coition. 
Agglutinative, ag-gloo'te-na-tive. Having power 
of producing adhesion, as collodion, etc. 
Aggluti'tio. Obstruction of oesophagus; dysphagia. 
Aggravation. Increase in severity of disease. 
Aggregate {aggrego, to flock together), massed to- 
gether. Glands are called aggregate which are in 
clusters, such as Peyer's glands. Aggregate pills were 
those believed to contain properties of a number of 
medicines, and to supply their place. 
Aggur or Aghar. Aloes-wood. 
Agheustia, ah-goost'e-ah. Ageustia. 
Aghoul. Agul. 
Agis. Thigh. 
Agitation, adj-e-ta'shun {ago, to act). Constant and 
fatiguing motion of the body or distressing restless- 
ness; mental inquietude. 
Agitator caudse, ah'je-ta-tor kau'da. Muscular 
fascicle, especially of the lower animals, passing from 
side of coccyx and last sacral vertebra to femur. 
Agitatorius, adj-e-tah-to're-us. Convulsive. 
Aglactation, ag-lak-ta'shun. Agalactia. 
Aglaxis, ag-laks'is. Agalactia. 
Aglia, ag'le-ah. See (Egias. 
Ag'lithes. Bulbs or cloves of garlic. 
Aglobu'lia {a, globulus, globule). Anaemia; diminu- 
tion in number of red blood-corpuscles. 
Aglossia (ah-glos'se-ah) or Aglot'tia {a, glossa, 
tongue). Malformation consisting in want of tongue ; 
dumbness. 
Aglossostoma, ah-glos-sos'to-mah {aglossia, and 
stoma, mouth). Mouth without a tongue. 
Aglossostomography, a-glos-sos-to-mog'ra-fe {a, 
glossa, tongue, stoma, mouth, grapho, to describe). De- 
scription of mouth without a tongue. 
Aglossus, ah-glos'sus {a, glossa, tongue). Without a 
tongue. 
Aglottia, ah-glot'te-ah. Aglossia. 
Aglutition, ah-glu-tish'un {a, glutio, to swallow). 
Hybrid term designating impossibility of swallowing. 
Ag'ma. Fracture. 
Agmatology, ag-ma-tol'o-je {agma, logos, descrip- 
tion). Treatise on fractures. 
Ag'me. Fracture. 
Agmina digitorum manus, ag'min-ah dij-e-to'rum 
ma'nus {agmen, phalanx). Phalanges of fingers. A. 
membra'na, amnion. A. Pey'eri, Peyer's glands. 
Agminate, ag'min-ate. Grouped together. A. fol- 
licles or glands, Peyer's glands. 
Ag'mos. Fracture. 
Ag'nail. Hangnail. 
Agnathia, ag-nath'e-ah {a, gnathos, jaw). Malforma- 
tion consisting in want of the jaw, especially of the 
lower jaw. 
Agna'thus. One with congenital absence of jaw or 
jaws. 
Agnina membrana, ag-ne'nah mem-bran'ah {agnus, 
lamb). Amnion. 
Ag'nine {agnus, lamb). Fatty matter obtained from 
wool. See Lanoline. 
Agncea (ag-ne'ah) or Agnoia, ag-noy'ah {agnoia, ig- 
norance). State of patient who does not recognize 
individuals. 
Ag'nus cas'tus. Vitex or chaste-tree. A. christ'us, 
Ricinus communis. 
Agoge, a-go'ge {ago, lead). Order or condition of 
disease. State of the air. 
Agogue, ag-og' {agogos, a leader). A suffix de- 
30 
AGRIOCOCCI M ELEA 
noting driving or expelling, as cholagogue, driver or 
expeller of bile; hydragogue, expeller of water, etc. 
Agomphiasis (ah-gom-fe'as-is) or Agomphosis, 
ah-gom-fo'sis (a, gomphosis, fastening by wedges). 
Looseness of teeth. 
Agom'phious (same etymon). Without teeth. 
A'gon {agon, combat). Agony; last struggle before 
death. Cichorium intybus. 
Agone, ag'o-na {agonos, barren). Hyoscyamus. 
Agonia, ag-o'ne-ah {agon, combat). Agony. 
Agon'ia {agonos, barren). Sterility. A. bark, bark 
of Plumifera lancifolia ; used in fevers. A glucoside 
called Agoni'adin has been obtained from it. 
Agon'isis, Agonis'ma, or Agonis'mus. Agony. 
Agonistica (ag-o-nis'te-kah), Agonis'ticon, or Ago- 
nis'ticum {agon, combat). Part of ancient gymnas- 
tics, having reference to combats of athletse. Also, 
very cold water, given internally to calm febrile heat. 
Agonizans, ag-o-ne'zans. One who is moribund. 
Ag'onos {agonos, barren). Sterile; impotent; un- 
born. 
Agony, ag'o-ne {agon, combat). Throe, Patient of 
death. Last struggle of life, characterized by great 
change in features, gradual abolition of sensation 
and motion, loss of voice, dryness or lividity of 
tongue and lips, rattling in the throat, small and inter- 
mittent pulse, and coldness of extremities. Intense 
suffering. 
A'gor. Aloes-wood. 
Agori'adin. Glucoside, CioHuOe, from bark of 
Agoriada of Brazil; antiperiodic. 
Agorophobia, ag-or-o-fo'be-ah {agora, market-place, 
phobos, fear). Nervous condition marked by fear of 
open spaces; dread of living alone. 
Agos'tos or Agos'tus {ago, to lead). Forearm from 
elbow to fingers; palm of hand. 
A'gra {agreo, to seize hold of). Seizure, as odonta- 
gra, tooth seizure, toothache; podagra, pain in the 
feet, gout, etc. 
Agraha'lid. Agiahalid. 
Agrammatism, a-gram'ma-tism {a, gramma, mark or 
letter). Incapacity to form words grammatically, or 
to group them intelligibly in a sentence. 
Agraphia, ah-graf'e-ah {a, grapho, to describe, to 
write). Form of cerebral disorder in which there 
is, as in aphasia as regards speech, total or partial in- 
ability to express ideas by written symbols. A. litera'- 
lis, aphasia, with inability to form letters. A. verba'- 
lis, aphasia, in which, after letters are formed, words 
are improperly formed or connected. See Aphasia. 
Agrelco'sis, ag-rel-ko'sis. Agrielcosis. 
Agremia, ag-ra'me-ah {agra, aima, blood). Altered 
condition of blood in gout; gout. 
Agria, ag're-ah {agrios, wild). Term applied to sev- 
eral severe forms of skin disease, as herpes, lichen, 
etc.; malignant pustule. Holly. 
Agriampelos, ag-re-am'pe-los {agrios, wild, ampelos, 
vine). White bryony. 
Agrielaea (ag-re-el-e'ah) or Agrielaia, ag-re-el-i'ah 
{agrios, wild, elaia, olive tree). Wild olive tree. 
Agrielcosis, ag-re-el-ko'sis {agrios, wild, helkosis, ul- 
ceration). Malignant ulceration. 
Agrifolium, ag-re-fo'le-um. Ilex aquifolium. 
Agrimonia, ag-re-mo'ne-ah. Agrimony. Cockle- 
bur, Stickwort. Nat. ord. Eosacese, including A. 
eupatoria or A. odorata, A. officinalis or vulgaris 
agrimony, and A. parviflora, small-flowered or sweet- 
scented agrimony. A. eupatoria is tonic and astrin- 
gent. See Agrimony. 
Ag'rimony. See Agrimonia. Mild astringent 
and stomachic. Dose, in powder, from Qj to 3j. 
A., hemp, Eupatorium cannabinum. A., small- 
flowered, see Agrimonia. A., sweet-scented, see 
Agrimonia. 
Agriocastanum, ag-re-o-kast'an-um {agrios, wild, 
kastanon, chestnut). Bunium bulbocastanum, lyco- 
perdon, tuber. 
Agriocinara, ag-re-o-sin'ar-ah {agrios, wild, kinara, 
artichoke). Sempervivum tectorum. 
Agriococcimelea, ag-re-o-cok-sim-el-e'ah {agrios, 
wild, kokkos, berry, melon, apple). Prunus spinosa. AGRIOPHYMA 
Agriophyma, ag-re-of-e'mah (agrios, wild, phuma, 
growth). Malignant swelling. 
Agriopso'ra, (agrios, psora, itch). Obstinate itch 
or scabies. 
Agrioriganum, ag-re-o-rig'an-um (agrios, wild, 
origanon, marjoram). Sweet marjoram. 
Agrioselinum, ag-re-o-sel-e'num (agrios, wild, seli- 
non, parsley). Smyrnum olusatrum. 
Agriothymia, ag-re-o-thim'e-ah (agrios, wild, thumos, 
disposition). Ferocious, maniacal, or homicidal in- 
sanity. A. hydrophob'ica, furious mental condition 
of rabies. 
Agripalma gallis, ag-re-pal'mah gal'lis (agrios, wild, 
palma, palm). Leonurus cardiaca. 
Agrippa, ag-rip'pah (teg er partus, difficult birth; 
perhaps agra, taking or seizure, pous, foot). One 
born by the feet. The family of Agrippa are said to 
have obtained their name from this circumstance. 
Parturition where feet present is called agrippse or 
agrippinus partus. 
Agrius, ag're-us. Malignant; severe. 
Ag'rom. Disease of India in which the tongue be- 
comes rough and cracked. 
Agroma'nia (agros, field, mania, madness). Mania 
for country life. 
Agropyrum Isevissimum, ag-rop'ir-um le-vis'sim- 
um (agros, field, puros, wheat). Triticum repens, 
A. pungens, triticum repens. A. re'pens, triticum 
repens. 
Agrostemma githago, ag-ro-stem'ma gith-ah'go 
(agros, field, stemma, a garland). Lychnis githago. 
Agrostis, ag-ros'tis (agros, a field). Bryonia alba. 
A. verticilla'ta, Andropogon muricatus. 
Agruna (ag-ru'nah) or Agrunela, ag-ru-nel'ah. 
Prunus spinosa. 
Agrypina (ag-rip-e'nah) or Agrypine, ag-rip'een 
(agrupnos, sleepless), Swollen head, possibly caus- 
ing loss of sleep. 
Agrypnia, ag-rip'ne-a (agrios, wild, hupnos, sleep). 
Insomnia. 
Agrypnocoma, ag-rip-no-ko'mah (agrios, wild, coma). 
Unconsciousness with delirium; coma vigil. 
Agrypnodes, (agrupnos, sleepless, and odes). Cha- 
racterized by sleeplessness, as febris agrypnodes, 
fever accompanied with sleeplessness. 
Agryp'nos. Sleepless. 
Agrypnot'ic. Producing wakefulness. Remedy 
for stupor. 
Agryp'nus. Sleepless, vigilant. 
Aguamiel (S.) (honey water). See Agave samiana. 
Aguar'diente (S.) (hot water). Brandy. See Spirit. 
A. de maguey, see Agave samiana. 
Ague, a'gew (Gothic agis, trembling). Intermittent 
fever; often used in the sense of chill or rigor. A. 
and fe'ver, intermittent fever. A., brassfound'ers' 
or brass, series of morbid phenomena, resembling 
ague, in those exposed to fumes of deflagrating zinc 
in brass foundries. A. brow, frontal neuralgia, 
usually ascribed to malaria. A. cake, visceral ob- 
struction-generally in spleen-following agues, dis- 
tinctly felt by external examination. A., cat'enating, 
one linked with other diseases. A., dead, see Fe- 
ver, masked. A. drop, taste'less, Fowler's solu- 
tion. A., dumb, masked intermittent fever. A., face, 
facial neuralgia, often malarial. A. fit, paroxysm of 
ague. A., free, Laurus sassafras. A. grass, Aletris 
farinosa. A., irreg'ular, masked intermittent fever. 
A., latent, intermittent fever without chill or with- 
out well-defined paroxysms. A., leaping, ague with 
increased efficiency but depraved direction of the 
will, producing irresistible desire to dance or move 
about in a fantastic manner. See Mania, dancing. A., 
masked, malarial impression resembling intermittent 
fever. A. plant, transparent cottony flocks in urine, 
scarcely visible to the eye, said to be developed in 
organism of intermittent-fever patients; gemiasma. 
A. poison, malaria; see Intermittent fever. A., 
quar'tan, intermittent fever with paroxysms recur- 
ring every fourth day. A., quotid'ian, daily recurring 
intermittent fever. A. root, Aletris farinosa. A. 
spell, paroxysm of intermittent fever; spell or charm 
31 
AIOCOCHTLI 
to prevent it. A., ter'tian, intermittent fever with 
paroxysms recurring every third day. A., third- 
day, tertian. A. tree, Laurus sassafras. A. weed, 
Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
Aguios (a, guion, limb). Mutilated or wanting limbs; 
weak, feeble. 
Aguish, a'gew-ish. Affected with ague; likely to 
cause ague. 
Aguishness, a'gew-ish-ness. Manifestation or con- 
dition of ague. 
A'gul. Thorny shrub of Persia and Mesopotamia, 
affording manna; leaves are purgative. 
Aguomada. Plumeria lancifolia. 
Agy. Capsicum annuum, so called in Peru. 
Agy'rias (aguris, collection). Opacity of crystalline; 
cataract. 
Agyrta (ah-gur'tah) or Agyri'tes (agurtes, one who 
collects a crowd). A stroller who pretended to super- 
natural powers; subsequently, quack or illiterate 
pretender; charlatan. 
Agyrtia, ah-gur'te-ah. Charlatanry. 
Agyrto'des. Inclined to, or practising, quackery. 
Ahora, ah-ho'rah (a, hora, youth). Tardy develop- 
ment of organs; opposite to Hyperhora. 
Ahoua (a-hoo'ah), Ahouai, Ahouni, Ahoval, A. 
thev'etictush, Ahoval, Ahtua, Ahuai. Thevetia 
ahouai. 
Ahuber. Fruit of Juniperus phoenicea, used in- 
ternally in gastralgia, and infused in oil in rheuma- 
tism. 
Ahul. Staphyloma. 
Ahund madoo. Chenopodium, used externally in 
Abyssinia for ulcers. 
Ahypnia, ah-hip'ne-ah (a, hupnos, sleep). Insomnia. 
Ai. Gascon name for tumefaction of fibro-synovial 
grooves of tendons; frequently noticed in external 
radial tendons of abductor longus and extensor brevis 
pollicis, and accompanied by peculiar crepitation. 
Name Ai doubtless denotes outcry or expression of 
pain of patient. 
Aiavoe. Ajowan. 
Aidoiag'raphy, Aidoioma'nia (nymphomania, ero- 
tomania), etc., see AUdoeography, AVdceomania, etc. 
Aido'ici (mor bi) (aidoia, genital organs). Diseases 
of generative organs. 
Aier'sa. Iris Germanica. 
Aigilops, a'gil-ops. Algilops. 
Aigl'tis. Anagallis arvensis. 
Aij-putl. Melaleuca leucadendron, yielding caje- 
put oil. 
Ailanthlc (a-lan'thik) or Ailantic (a-lan'tik) acid. 
Acid found in bark of Ailanthus excelsa. 
Ailanthus excelsa, i-lan'thus ex-sel'sah. Tree of 
India and Ceylon whose bark resembles quassia in 
bitter tonic properties. A. glandulo'sa, Chinese su- 
mach, Tree of heaven. Native of China, well known 
in United States as shade tree, flowers of which have 
strong peculiar odor; powdered bark, dose viij-x, is 
anthelminthic and purgative. A. integrifo'lia, A. 
excelsa. A. Malabar'ica, tree of India, juice of 
which is used in dysentery and dyspepsia, and as 
tonic and antipyretic. 
Ail'ing. Sick; sickly. 
Ail'ment. Disease. 
Ai'ma. Blood. See Hsema. 
Aimagogon, i-ma-go'gon (haima, blood, agogos, ex- 
peller). Pceonia officinalis. 
Aimorrhce'a. Hemorrhage. 
Aimorrhceis (i-mor'rhe-is), Aimorrois (i-mor'- 
ro-is), or Aimorrhois, i-mor'rho-is. Hemorrhoid. 
Aimoscopy, i-mos'ko-py. Hrematoscopy. 
Ainhum. In Brazil, to saw; spontaneous amputa- 
tion of little toes, sometimes great toe, of negroes, un- 
accompanied by other affection or constitutional de- 
rangement ; met with only in African negroes, and, 
more rarely, in their unmixed descendants born in 
Brazil, also in Hindostan; it occurs on W. coast of 
Africa and in S. America. 
Aiocochtli. Small bone in tail of armadillo, made 
into minute round masses and placed in external audi- 
tory canal for earache. AIPATHES 
Aipath'es (aei, ever, pathos, disease). Continually 
sick or ailing. 
Aipathia, i-path-e'a (same etymon). Continuous 
disease. 
Aipi, Aipima coxera, Aipipoca. Jatropha ma- 
nihot. 
Air (ao, to breathe). Common air; atmospheric 
air; invisible, transparent, inodorous, insipid, ponder- 
able, compressible, and elastic fluid, which under 
form of atmosphere surrounds the earth to height of 
15 or 16 leagues; it is essentially composed of two 
gases, oxygen and nitrogen, in proportion of about 20 
of the former to 77 of the latter. Oxygen is the vital 
portion, but nitrogen is necessary to dilute it. Air 
also contains a small portion of carbonic acid gas, and 
has always floating in it aqueous vapor, different ter- 
restrial emanations, etc. The average composition of 
atmospheric air is as follows (Attfield): 
In 100 Vols. 
Oxygen 20.61 
Nitrogen........ 77.95 
Carbonic acid gas .... .04 
Aqueous vapor 1.40 
32 
AKATALIS 
Aithemo'ma, Aithom'ma, or Aithomo'ma (aithos, 
black, omma, eye). Black condition of humors of eye. 
Ai'ther. Ether. 
Ai'tia. Cause. 
Aitiology, ate-e-ol'o-je. Doctrine of cause of disease. 
Ai'tion. Cause. 
Aiti'opis. JEthiopis. 
Aiu'ga. Abiga. 
Aizoon, ah-i'zo-on (aei, always, ever, zoos, alive). 
Sempervivum tectorum. A. Canarien'se, species 
native to the Canary Islands; its ashes are used in 
scurvy. 
Ajame or Ajami. Dios versicolor. 
Ajav'a. Ajwain fruit, fruit of A. carum. 
Aje. Fatty substance from insect Coccus axio, used 
externally as discutient and applied to wounds. 
Ajihalid. Bush of Egypt; leaves are used for lum- 
bricoid worms. 
Ajouain (adj'u-ain), Ajowaen (adj'o-wa-en), or 
Ajowan, adj'o-wan. Bishop's weed; carminative in 
colic, diarrhoea, etc. A. cam'phor, thymol. A. seeds, 
see Ptychotis ajowan. 
Ajuagas. Ulcer of horse's hoof in Spain. 
Ajuapar. Sand-box tree, Hura crepitans. 
Ajuga, aj'u-gah. Genus of plants, nat. ord. La- 
biate. A. chamse'pitys, ground pine; abortifacient, 
diuretic, and aperient. Teucrium chamaepitys. A. 
decum'bens, used for ague in Himalaya. A. iva, 
species growing in Europe, used by Arabs in cholera. 
A. pyramida'lis, Upright bugles, Middle consound, 
Mountain bugle, bitter, astringent tonic. A. rep'tans, 
common bugle; leaves are astringent; formerly used 
in phthisis. 
Ajuratiba. Bush of Brazil, oil of which is used 
for bathing or anointing the skin. 
Ajvan or Ajwain fruit. Omum, omam. Fruit of 
Ajowan carum, stimulant and carminative. 
Akamathesia, (ah-kam-ath-a'ze-ah) or Akamathe- 
sis, ah-kam-ath-a'sis (want of understanding). Dulness 
of intellect. 
Akantha, ak-an'thah (a spine or thorn). Vertebral 
column; spinous process of vertebra. In composition, 
spine. 
Akanthabolus, ak-an-thab'o-lus (akantha, ballo, cast 
out). Form of forceps for removing extraneous sub- 
stances from wounds. 
Akanthsesthesia, ak-an-thees-tha'ze-ah (akantha, 
aisthesis, sensation). Perverted sensibility, in which 
there seems to be pressure of a sharp point on the 
surface. 
Akanthavola, ak-an-thav'o-lah. Akanthabolus. 
Akanthion, ak-an'the-on. Point on middle line 
in measurement of skull, at base of anterior nasal 
spine. 
Akanthocephala, ak-an-tho-sef'al-ah (akantha, ke- 
phale, head). Parasitic worm, found in lower animals 
especially. 
Akan'thoid. Thorny or spinous. 
Akantholysis, ak-an-thol'is-is (akantha, lusis, loosen- 
ing). Disease characterized by loosening or separation 
of cells of mucous layer of epidermis. 
Akanthoma, ak-an-tho'mah. Morbid growth of 
prickle-cell layer of epidermis. 
Akanthopelys, ak-an-thop'el-is (akantha, pelux, ba- 
sin). Pelvis having bony growths projecting into its 
cavity. 
Akanthoses, ak-an-tho'ses. Diseases of prickle-cell 
layer of epidermis, as in lichen planus, impetigo, 
pemphigus, etc. 
Akanthous, ak-an'thus. Spinous or thorny. 
Akanthulus, ak-an'thu-lus. Akanthabolus. 
Akan'thus mol'lis. Bear's breech; mucilaginous 
plant, demulcent and emollient. 
Akasga, ak-as'gah. Ordeal used in west coast of 
Africa and Java (nkasga, pain or hurt). Colorless 
amorphous substance, obtained from bark of plant of 
family Loganiacese by treating with alcohol and 
evaporating. It is an alkaloid-akasgia, akasgine, 
akazgia, or akazgine-resembling strychnia. 
Akatalis (ak-at'al-is) and Akatera, ak-at-a'rah. 
Berries of juniper-tree. 
Nitric acid 
Ammonia 
Carburetted hydrogen . 
traces. 
Sulphuretted hydrogen . 
Sulphurous acid .... 
traces in towns. 
Its effects upon the body vary according to its 
density, temperature, moisture, etc. Sp. gr. of 
air compared with hydrogen is 14.47. Change 
of air is found extremely serviceable in preven- 
tion and cure of certain morbid conditions. 
Air-bath. Method of applying air to sur- 
face of body; see Baths. A. bed, bed or mat- 
tress that may be inflated for sick or injured. 
A. blad'der, Swim-bladder, Swimming bladder, the 
Swim; abdominal organ in many fishes, sometimes 
communicating by duct, ductus pneumaticus, with 
alimentary canal, at others not. Its contents are 
the elements of atmospheric air, but in different 
proportions. A. breathing, see Lung. A. cells, 
A. vesicles of lungs; bronchic cellules; see Lung. 
A. chamber, folliculus aeris. A., complement'al 
or complement'ary, air that can be inhaled after 
ordinary inspiration. A., compressed or condensed, 
atmosphere, compressed. A. cure, see Atmosphere, 
compressed. A. cush'ion, air-tight cushion that 
may be inflated. A., dephlogisticated, oxygen. 
A. douche, inflation of middle ear. A. dresstng, 
dressing open to air. A. em'bolism, obstruction of 
blood-vessels by air. A., empyre'al, oxygen. A., ex- 
pired, air forced from lungs in act of expiration. A., 
factitious, carbonic acid. A., fixed, carbonic acid. 
A., mephittc, carbonic acid; nitrogen. A. pass'ages, 
nasal passages, mouth, larynx, trachea, bronchia, 
etc., through which air passes to the lungs. A. pes'- 
sary, air-tight rubber pessary filled with air. A. poise, 
apparatus for determining the weight of the air. A. 
pump, machine for exhausting the air in a closed 
vessel. A., reserve, air that can be exhaled after 
ordinary expiration. A., resid'ual, air remaining in 
lungs after forced expiration. A. sacs, see Lung. 
A. shaft, open space or flume for ventilating pur- 
poses. A. sol'id of Hales, carbonic acid. A. space, 
space filled with air from rupture or other injury 
to air-cells. A., stationary, old air in the lungs to 
which tidal air gives oxygen, and from which it takes 
carbonic acid. A., supplemental or supplement'- 
ary, air that can be exhaled after ordinary expiration. 
A. thermom'eter, thermometer in which air is used 
in place of mercury or alcohol to denote changes in 
temperature. A., ti'dal, air inspired and expired dur- 
ing each respiration. A. vestcles, air-cells. A., 
vital, oxygen. 
Airen. Fermented cows' milk of Tartary. 
Aisthesia (ase-the'ze-ah) or Aisthe'sis. Perception, 
sensibility. See AZsthesis. 
Aistheterion (ais-tha-ta're-on) or Aistheterium, ise- 
tha-ta'rium. Sensorium. AKATAPHAS1A 
Akataphasia, ah-kat-af-az'e-ah (a, kaiaphasis, 
affirmation). Want of power or facility to form, or 
communicate by speech, a sentence. 
Akebia quinata, ak-a'be-ah kwyn-at'ah. Species 
of Lardizabalese growing in Japan ; fruit is emollient. 
Akeratodiaphania, ah-ka-rat-o-de-af-an'e-ah (a, ke- 
ras, horn, diaphanes, transparent). Opacity of cornea. 
Akeratodiaphany, ah-ke-rat-o-di-af 'an-e (a, keras, 
horn, diaphanes, transparent). Opacity of cornea. 
Akeratosis, ah-ker-at-o'sis (a, keras, horn). Im- 
perfect growth of horny tissue. 
Akestoma, ak-es-to'mah (akesthai, to heal). Gran- 
ulation tissue. 
Akidurgia, ak-id-ur'ge-ah (akis, instrument, ergon, 
work). Operative surgery. 
Akinesia (ah-kin-a'ze-ah) or Akine'sis (a, kinesis, 
motion). Eest; immobility; interval between systole 
and diastole of heart. Under term Akineses are in- 
cluded paralytic neuroses, or those characterized by 
defect of motive power. A., re'flex, diminution or 
loss of reaction in the reflex mechanisms situated in 
the different parts of the nervous system. 
Akinesic, ah-kin-e'sic. Eelating to akinesia or im- 
mobility or paralysis of motion. 
Akiur'gia (akis, instrument, ergon, work). Opera- 
tive surgery. 
Akne, ak'ne. Acne. 
Aknemia, ak-na'me-ah (a, kneme, leg). Absence of 
legs. 
Akology, a-kol'o-je (akos, remedy, logos, description). 
Materia Medica; operative surgery. 
Akoniton (ak-o-ni'ton) or Akonitos, ak-o-ni'tus. 
Aconitum. 
Akosmoi, ah-kos'moi (a, kosmos, ornament). Bald 
persons. 
Akratopegse, ak-rat-o-pa'ge (a, kratos, strength, 
pege, a spring). Mineral waters without marked 
chemical qualities. 
A'kro. In composition, top or extremity. 
Akroblast, ak'ro-blast (akro, blastema, growth). 
Tissue of germinal wall. 
Akrokinesis, ak-ro-kin-a'sis (akro, kinesis, move- 
ment). Increased power of movement. 
Akroposthitis, ak-ro-pos-the'tis (akro, posthe, fore- 
skin). Inflammation of the prepuce. See Balanitis. 
Akrothymion, ak-ro-thim'e-on. Acrothymion. 
Ak'sis. Intermittent fever. 
Aktinom'yces. Actinomyces. 
Aku'meter. Acoumeter. 
Akyanoblepsia, ah-ke-an-o-blep'se-ah (a, kuanos, 
blue, bleps, to see). Blue-blindness. 
Akyanopsia, ah-ke-an-op'se-ah (a, kuanos, blue, ops, 
eye). Blue-blindness. 
Akyesis, ah-ke'es-is (a, kuesis, pregnancy) Ster- 
ility; non-pregnant condition. 
Al. In composition, to. 
Ala, ah'lah (wing). Term often used by anato- 
mists for parts which project like a wing from me- 
dian line, as ala nasi, ala of uterus; also axilla, pa- 
vilion of ear, pterygion, arm, shoulder-blade. A. 
al'ba latera'lis, eminence on floor of fourth ventricle. 
A. al'ba media'lis, hypoglossal area. A. auric'ulae 
or au'rls, pinna of ear. A. cine'rea, triangular 
space on floor of fourth ventricle, corresponding to 
nuclei of pneumogastric and glosso-pharyngeal nerves. 
A. ethmoida'lis, alar process of ethmoid bone. A. 
par'va ingrassise, spine of sphenoid bone. A. pon'- 
tis, posterior portion of roof of fourth ventricle. A. 
u'vulse, a band of gray matter on under surface of 
cerebellum between uvula and amygdalae. A. ves- 
pertilio'nis, part of broad ligament of uterus be- 
tween Fallopian tube and ovarian ligament. See also 
Alse. 
Alabaster, al-a-bas'tur. A native granular sul- 
phate of calcium; a white stalactitic carbonate of cal- 
cium ; used in ointment as a discutient, and in denti- 
frices. 
Alactia, ah-lak'te-ah. Agalactia. 
Alse, al'e (pl. of Ala, wing). A. descenden'tes, 
pterygoid processes of sphenoid. A. diaphrag'matis, 
three divisions of central tendon of diaphragm. A. 
33 
ALBINA 
for'nicls, posterior crura or pillars of fornix. A. 
inter'nse mino'res clitor'idis, nymphse. A. lob'uli 
centra'lis, processes of matter passing from central 
lobule of cerebellum to lateral hemispheres. A. 
mag'nee, processes projecting laterally from body of 
sphenoid bone; labia. A. majo'res, greater wings of 
sphenoid. A. min'imae, small processes from upper 
surface of sphenoid. A. mino'res, labia minora. A. 
mulie'bres mino'res, labia minora. A. na'rium or 
na'si, lateral parts of nose. A. orbita'les, lesser 
wings of sphenoid. A. palati'nae, pterygoid processes 
of sphenoid. A. par'vse, lesser wings of sphenoid. 
A. pterygoi'dese, pterygoid processes of sphenoid. A. 
puden'di, labia pudendi. A. pulmo'num, lobes of 
luug. A. of sac'rum, lateral portions of that bone. 
A. sphenoida'les, wings of sphenoid. A. spi'nse 
nasa'lis, processes on each side of nasal spine of 
frontal bone. A. temporaries, greater wings of 
sphenoid. A. u'vulse, delicate osseous laminae from 
back part of uvula of cerebellum to the amygdalae. 
A. of vo'mer, semielliptical ledges on that bone, receiv- 
ing between them rostrum of sphenoid. A. vul'vae, 
labia minora. 
Alagas. Sacrum, coccyx. 
Alalia, ah-lal'e-ah (a, laleo, to speak). Loss of 
power to express ideas in spoken words. See Apha- 
sia. 
Alanfuta, al-an-fu'tah. Arabian name of vein be- 
tween chin and lower lip, which was opened in case 
of fcetor of breath. 
Alangium decapetalum (al-an'ge-um de-kap-et'al- 
um) and A. metapet'alum. Indian plants, hydra- 
gogue carthartics, used in dropsy. 
Al'anson's method. Circular amputation, one in- 
cision being made down to the muscles, another 
through the muscular mass directly down to the bone. 
Alantin, al-an'tin. Inulin. 
Alantois, al-an'to-is. Allantois. 
Alan'tol. Inulol. 
Alaos. Obscure form of tabes. 
Alar, a'lar. Wing-like; relating to shoulder or 
axilla. A. car'tilages, cartilages forming sides of 
nose at lower part. A. lig'aments, folds of synovial 
membrane of knee-joint passing downward and out- 
ward from patella. A. mus'cles, pterygoid muscles. 
A. odon'toid lig'aments, thick ligaments from odon- 
toid process of axis to condyles of occipital bone. A. 
pro'cess, two little processes from fore part of eth- 
moidal crest. A. thora'cic artery, small branch from 
axillary artery to glands of axilla. A. veins, super- 
ficial veins at fold of arm. 
Ala'ria os'sa. Wing-like processes of sphenoid 
bone. 
Ala'ris (ala, a wing). Wing-shaped; alar. 
Alaternus (al-at-urn'us), com'mon. Ehamnus ala- 
ternus. A. latifo'lius, Ehamnus alaternus. 
Alatus, al-ah'tus. Alate; one whose scapulae project 
backward like wings. 
Al'ba (tunica). White nervous substance. A. 
sclerot'ica, sclerotic coat of the eye. 
Alba'daran. Sesamoid bone of metatarso-phalan- 
geal joint of great toe. 
Albamentum, al-bam-en'tum (albus, white). White 
of egg. 
Albanum, al'ban-um (albul, urine). Salt of urine. 
Albarags (al'bar-ees) or Albaras alba, al'bah-ras 
al'bah. Lepra alphoides. A. ni'gra, lepra nigricans. 
Albaros, al'bar-os. Lepra alphoides. 
Albedo (al-ba'do) ret'inae (albus, white). (Edema 
of retina. A. un'guium (unguis, nail), whitish semilu- 
nar portion of root of nail, or lanula, situate above 
part where epidermis terminates. 
Alberas, al'ba-ras. Albaras; staphisagria. 
Albescent, al-bes'sent (albus, white). Moderately 
whitish; becoming white. 
Albian, al'be-an. Albino. 
Albicans, al'be-kans (albico, to grow white). Whitish, 
as corpora albicantia at base of brain. 
Albiduria, al-bid-u're-ah (albus, white, urina, urine). 
Whitish or pale urine ; abuminuria. 
Albina, al-be'nah. Female albino. ALBINISM 
Albinism, al'bin-izm. See Albino and Albinism. 
Albinismus, al-bin-iz'mus. Albinism. A. partia'lis, 
partial or localized albinism, seen especially in ne- 
groes. A. universa'lis, condition of being an albino. 
Albino, al-be'no (white) ([L.] albus, white). Spanish 
word applied to individuals who have skin and hair 
white, iris very pale, bordering on red, and eyes so 
sensitive that they cannot bear light of day. Condi- 
tion is called Albinism, Kakerlakism, and is dependent 
on deficiency of pigment in skin, eyes, or hair, Con- 
genital leucoderma, achroma. 
Albinoism, al-bin'o-izm. Albinism. 
Albinot'ic. Relating to or affected with albinism. 
Albinum, al-be'num. Graphalium murorum. 
Alblnuria, al-bin-u're-ah. Albuminuria. 
Albitudo, al-bit-u'do. Albinism. 
Albizzia anthelmintica, al-biz'ze-ah an-thel-min'- 
te-kah. Abyssinia tree, bark of which, besenna, ku- 
mada, mesenna, is tseniafuge, 
Albor, al'bore. Whiteness or paleness, as of urine. 
A. cu'tis, achromatosis. A. nati'vus, albinism. A. 
o'vi, white of egg. 
Albora, al'bor-ah. Kind of itch or complicated 
leprosy. Albaras. 
Albotim, al'bo-tim. Turpentine. 
Albuginea, al-bu-jin'e-ah (albus, white). White 
fibrous investing tissue of a part or organ. A. epi- 
didym'idis, fibrous coat of epididymis. A. lie'nis, 
white elastic fibrous tissue investing spleen, beneath 
serous coat. A. oc'uli, seierotic coat. A. ova'rii, 
tunica albuginea of ovary, layer of fibrous tissue 
below the epithelial covering. A. pe'nis, white fibrous 
investment of penis, see Cavernous bodies. A. re'num, 
capsule of kidneys. A. testic'uli or tes'tis, strong 
fibrous resisting membrane immediately enveloping 
the testicle, having at its upper part an enlargement, 
corpus Highmorianum. From its inner surface it 
sends off flat, filiform prolongations or septa, between 
which are seminiferous vessels. Externally it is 
covered by tunica vaginalis testis. 
Albugineal, al-bu-jin'e-al. Albugineous. A. mem'- 
brane, fascia separating fat of orbit from middle and 
posterior parts of eyeball. 
Albugineous, al-bu-jin'e-ous. Term applied to 
white textures, humors, etc. A. fl'bre, name given 
by Chaussier to what he considers one of the four 
elementary fibres, tenacious, elastic, but little exten- 
sible, and of shining, satiny appearance. It forms 
fasciae or fasciculi, constituting tendons, articular 
ligaments, and aponeuroses; hence name Albugineous 
membranes given to fibrous membranes, Albugineous 
tissue, etc. 
Albuginitis, al-bu-jin-e'tis. Inflammation of white 
fibrous tissue, or of albuginea; orchitis. Gout and 
rheumatism have been regarded as species of albu- 
ginitis. 
Albu'ginous. Albugineous. 
Albugo, al-bu'go (albus, white). White opacity of 
the cornea; leucoma. A. oc'uli or oculo'rum, leu- 
coma ; white of the eye; white of egg. A. o'vi, white 
of egg. 
Albukalin, al-bu'kal-in. CsHieNjOe + H2O. Sub- 
stance detected in cases of leucaemia. 
Albula, al'bu-lah (albus, white). Albugo, leucoma. 
Album canis, al'bum kan'is (albus, white). Album 
grsecum. A. ceti, spermaceti. A. grse'cum, white 
dung of the dog, consisting almost wholly of phos- 
phate and carbonate of lime, derived from bones used 
as food. Formerly applied as discutient gargle in 
quinsies, and as an antiepileptic. A. Hispan'icum, 
subnitrate of bismuth. A. ni'grum, excrement of 
mouse, once used medicinally. A. oc'uli, white of 
eye. A. o'vi, white of egg. 
Albumen (al-bu'men) or Albumin, al-bu'min (albus, 
white). Immediate nitrogenous principle of animals 
and vegetables. Liquid, coagulating at about 140° 
F., found in blood, chyle, serous and synovial fluids, 
brain, liquor amnii, etc. There is not much difference 
in chemical composition between animal and vegeta- 
ble albumin, fibrin, and casein. Native albumins are 
soluble in water, and not precipitated by alkaline 
34 
t ALBUMINOSE 
carbonates, chloride of sodium, or by slightly dilute 
acids. Solutions of albumin are coagulated by heat- 
ing at 150° to 165° F. Serum albumin amounts to 
about 4.5 per cent, in human serum. The propor- 
tion of albumin in the body may be thus given: 
Substance. Parts per 1000. 
Cerebro-spinal fluid 0.9 
Aqueous humor 1.4 
Liquor amnii 7.0 
Intestinal juice 9.5 
Pericardial fluid 23.6 
Lymph 24.6 
Pancreatic juice 33.3 
Synovia 39.1 
Milk 39.4 
Chyle 40.9 
Spinal cord 74.9 
Brain 86.3 
Liver 117.4 
Muscle 161.8 
Blood 195.6 
Middle coat of arteries 273.3 
Crystalline lens 383.0 
For tests of albumen in urine, see Urine. A., a'cid, 
see Acid. A. al'kali, see Alkali. A., living, pro- 
toplasm. A., na'tive, A. occurring in a natural 
condition in animal tissues and fluids. A. oc'- 
uli, the white of the eye. A. o'vi, egg albumin; 
Glair, White of egg. Egg albumin appears in the 
urine when much egg albumin is taken as food. 
Used in pharmacy for suspending oils, etc. in water. 
A. pep'tone, albumose. A., sal'ivary, ptyaline. A., 
se'rum, see Albumen. 
Albumenoid, al-bu'men-oid. Albuminoid. 
Albumentum, al-bu-men'tum. White of egg. 
Albumenuria, al-bu-men-u're-ah. Albuminuria. 
Albumin, al-bu'min. Albumen. 
Albuminate, al-bu'min-ate. Salt resulting from 
union of albumen with a base. A. of mer'cury has 
been used hypodermically in syphilis; A. of iron, in 
chlorosis and anaemia. 
Albuminim, al-bu'min-im. Material of wall of 
cell containing albumen. 
Albuminimeter, al-bu-min-im'et-ur (albumin, me- 
tron, measure). Apparatus for measuring quantity 
of albumen in urine or other liquid. Process is 
called Albuminim'etry. 
Albuminiparous, al-bu-min-ip'ar-us (albumen, pa- 
rio, to bring forth). Producing albumin. 
Albuminiza'tion. Conversion into albumen. 
Albu'mino-ca'sein. Amygdalin. 
Albumino-fibrin, al-bu'min-o-fi'brin. Material com- 
posed of those two ingredients. 
Albumino-gelatin, al-bu'min-o-jel'a-tin. Material 
composed of albumen and gelatin. 
Albumino-gluten, al-bu'min-o-glu'ten. Substance 
composed of albumen and gluten. 
Albuminoid (al-bu'miu-oid) or Albu'menoid (albu- 
men, eidos, resemblance). Resembling albumen, as 
fibrin, casein, etc. Term applied to aliments in the 
same sense as proteinous. Albuminoid substances are 
non-crystalline, amorphous colloids, resembling in 
chemical reactions so-called proteids or albuminous 
constituents of blood, lymph, and chyle. They are 
composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and 
sulphur. They exist in fluid state, and include mu- 
cin, chondrin, gelatin, keratin and neuro-keratin, 
nuclein, and kindred substances. Type of substances 
of this class is albumen or white of egg. A. ammo'- 
nia, ammonia obtained from water or air by under- 
going distillation with an alkali. A. degeneration, 
amyloid degeneration. 
Albuminom'eter. Albuminimeter. 
Albuminone, al-bu'min-one. Derivative of an 
albuminoid. 
Albumino-purulent, al-bu'min-o-pu'ru-lent. Con- 
taining albumen and pus. 
Albuminorrhoea, al-bu-min-or-rhe'ah (albumen, rheo, 
to flow). Albuminuria. 
Albuminosa, al-bu-min-o'zah. Medicines or food 
containing albumin as chief ingredient. 
Albuminose, al-bu'min-ose. Peptone; substance ALBUMINOSIS 
into which albumin is converted by decomposition 
of fibrin by weak acid or gastric juice. Albumose. 
Albuminosis, al-bu-min-o'sis. Condition of blood 
in which ratio of albumen is increased, as in abdom- 
inal typhus, variola, rubeola, etc. 
Albuminous, al-bu'min-us. Containing or resem- 
bling albumin. A. degeneration, lardaceous or waxy 
disease or degeneration of organs; see Amyloid degen- 
eration. A. gland, gland in which the alveoli are 
lined with albuminous cells, as the parotid gland. 
A. infiltration, degeneration in which cells become 
distended with albuminous granules. A. sarco'ma, 
giant-celled sarcoma. 
Albuminuretica, al-bu-min-u-ret'ik-ah. Medicines 
producing albumin and urine. 
Albuminuria (al-bu-min-u're-ah), less correctly Al- 
bumenu'ria (albumen, our on, urine). Condition of 
urine in which it contains albumen, presence of 
which is indicated by coagulation on application of 
adequate heat, nitric acid, etc. May be temporary, 
as in scarlatina. Term applied also to diseases cha- 
racterized by such condition of urine. See Kidney, 
Bright's disease of. A., car'diac, A. dependent on 
valvular disease. A., cy'clic, periodical daily increase 
of albumen in urine. A., dyscra'sic, A. dependent 
on faulty condition of blood, and not of kidney. A., 
false, A. dependent on transient nature or causation. 
A., fat'ty, chyluria. A. gravlda'rum, A. of pregnant 
women. A., hemato'genous, A., dyscrasic. A., ne- 
phro'genous, A. having origin or seat in kidney. A., 
physiological, temporary A. after food, emotion, etc., 
or in new-born children. A., spas'tic, A. following 
convulsions. A., toxic, A. dependent on presence of 
poison in the system. 
Albuminuric, al-bu-min-u'rik. Relating or apper- 
taining to albuminuria, as A. retinitis. One laboring 
under albuminuria. 
Albuminurorrhcea, al-bu-min-u-ror-rhe'ah (albumen, 
ouron, urine, rheo, to flow). Albuminuria. 
Albumor, al'bu-mor. White of eggs. 
Albumose (al'bu-mose) or Albuinin pep'tone. It 
is believed that during gastric digestion the first action 
on albumins produces parapeptone, then an interme- 
diate substance, to which name of albumose is given, 
before full change to peptone occurs. Globulin under- 
goes similar change into globulose, casein into caseose, 
and soluble proteose includes all three. 
Albumosuria, al-bu-mo-zu're-ah. Presence of albu- 
mose, or peptone formed during digestion, in the urine. 
Alcaest (al'ka-est) or Alcahest, al'ka-hest. Liquor; 
fancied universal solvent, capable of reducing every 
body to its elements or removing every swelling. 
Alcahol, al'ka-hol. Alcohol. 
Alcales'cence. Alkalescence. 
Alcali, al'kal-e. Alkali. A. ammoni'acum ace- 
ta'tum, liquor ammonii acetatis. A. a. aquo'sum, 
water or watery solution of ammonia. A. a. flu'- 
idum, liquor ammoniac. A. a. spirituo'sum, spiritus 
ammoniae. A. a. succina'tum, succinate of ammo- 
nium. A. a. vino'sum, spiritus ammoniae. A. a. 
volatile, ammonium carbonate. A., an'imal, am- 
monia. A. fix'um, fixed alkali, as potash. A. fiu'or, 
ammonia. A. ligno'rum, potassium carbonate. A. 
minera'le, inorganic alkali. A., organ'ic, organic 
alkaloid. A. pne'um, borax. A. tar'tari, potassium 
carbonate. A. t. aceta'tum, potassium acetate. A. 
urino'sum, ammonia. A. volat'ile, ammonia. 
(See also Alkali.) 
Alcaligone. Alkaligone. 
Alcaline, al'ka-line. Alkaline. 
Alcalinity, al-kal-in'it-e. Alkalinity. 
Alcallnuria, al-kal-in-u're-ah. Alkalinuria. 
Alcaloid, al'kal-oid. Alkaloid. 
Alcaloides, al-kal-o-e'des. Alkaloids. A. cadaver'- 
ici, cadaveric alkaloids; ptomaines. 
Alcaluretica, al-kal-u-ret'e-kah. Alkaluretica. 
Alcana, al-kan'ah. Anchusa officinalis. 
Alcanna major latifolia dentata, al-kan'nah ma'jor 
lat-e-fo'le-ah den-tah'tah. The black alder. A. 
orienta'lis, Lawsonia inermis. A. spu'ria, Anchusa 
tinctoria. A. ve'ra, Lawsonia inermis. 
35 
• ALCOHOL 
Alcap'ton. Unfermentable yellowish substance, 
like glucose, found in urine; the condition being 
called Alcaptonu'ria. 
Al'car (defense). Remedy. 
Al'ce, al'se (strength). Health; vigor; strength. 
Alcea, al'se-ah (alke, help). Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
A. TEgypti'aca villo'sa, Hibiscus abelmoschus. A. 
In'dica, Hibiscus abelmoschus. A. ro'sea, Common 
hollyhock, Hoc, Hocks. Emollient, like althaea. 
Alcebar, al'se-bar. Aloes-wood. 
Alces cornu, al'ses (the elk) kor'nu. Hartshorn. 
Alchaest, al'ka-est. Alcaest. 
Alchemia, al-kem-e'ah. Alchemy. 
Alchemilla, al-kem-il'lah. Lady's mantle, nat. ord. 
Rosaceee. Formerly in great repute as astringent in 
hemorrhage; also tonic. A. alpi'na, Silvery lady's 
mantle; same properties as alchemilla. A. arven'sis, 
Parsley piert; ounce of plant to pint of water has 
been used in strangury. A. vulga'ris, alchemilla. 
Alchemist, al'kem-ist. One pretending to alchemy. 
Alchemy, al'kem-e (al, Arabic particle, signifying 
excellence, chemeia, chemistry). Formerly synony- 
mous with chemistry, but from 7th century ap- 
plied to mysterious art of endeavoring to discover a 
universal remedy, elixir of life, and mode of trans- 
muting baser metals into gold-philosopher's stone. 
Alchermes, al-ker'mes. Alkermes. 
Alchimella, al-kim-el'lah. Alchemilla. 
Alchimia, al-kim-e'ah. Alchemy. 
Alchimilla, al-kim-il'lah. Alchemilla. 
Alchitram (al'kit-ram) or Alchitura, al-kit-u'rah. 
Tar, resin. 
Alchool, al'ko-ol. Alcohol. 
Alchornea (al-kor'ne-ah) corda'ta. Euphorbia- 
ceous plant of Senegal and vicinity; sudorific. 
A. iricura'na, species from Brazil, used in sore 
throat. A. latifo'lia, species growing in Jamaica, 
diaphoretic. See Alcornoque. 
Alchymia, al-kim-me'ah. Alchemy. 
Alchymilla, al-kim-il'lah. Alchemilla. 
Alcocalum, al-kok'al-um. Artichoke ; cynara. 
Alcohol, al'ko-hol. Ethylic alcohol, spirit of wine. 
Arabic word formerly used for an impalpable powder, 
and signifying very subtile, much divided. Peculiar 
liquid, generated for most part in vegetable juices 
and infusions by vinous or alcoholic fermentation; 
now applied to highly rectified spirit of wine. In 
the Ph. U. S. alcohol is rectified spirit, of specific 
gravity 0.820 at 15.G C. or 60° F. It is composed of 
91 per cent, by weight of ethylic alcohol, C2H6O, and 
9 per cent by weight of water. 
Diluted alcohol, alcohol dilutum (Ph. U. S.), is a 
liquid composed of 45.5 per cent, by weight (53 per 
cent, by volume) of ethylic alcohol and 54.5 per cent, 
by weight (47 per cent, by volume) of water; sp. gr. 
0.928 at 15.6° C. or 60° F." 
Ethylic alcohol is type of a series, principal of 
which are methylic, amylic, propylic, and butylic 
alcohols, the two first-named being of therapeutic in- 
terest. Term alcohol is used generically for a series 
of compounds of C, H, and O, derived from a hydro- 
carbon by replacing one or more atoms of hydrogen 
by an equal number of the group HO. 
Alcohol is an inflammable liquid lighter than 
water, of warm, acrid taste, colorless, transparent, 
and of a pungent aromatic smell. It is a product of 
distillation of vinous liquors; is miscible with water 
in all proportions, and a direct solvent of resins, bal- 
sams, and various other vegetable principles. Elence 
it is used in different states of concentration in prep- 
aration of elixirs, tinctures, essences, etc. 
Alcohol acts as a powerful stimulus; as such, in di- 
lute form, it is used in prevention and cure of dis- 
ease ; in larger quantities it is a depressant narcotic 
poison. It is usually given in the form of wine, 
whiskey, or brandy; its habitual and inordinate use 
is cause of many serious affections, of chronic cha- 
racter especially, as visceral obstructions, dropsy, etc. 
Alcohol, ab'solute, alcohol free of water. A. ace'ti, 
acetic acid. A. ferra'tus, tinctura sul- 
phurico-setherea ferri, A. cum al'oe perfolia'ta,, ALCOHOLATE 
tinctura aloes. A. ammo'niae et guai'aci, tinctura 
guaiaci ammoniata. A. ammonia'tum, spiritus am 
monies. A. ammmonia'tum aromat'lcum, spiritus 
ammoniac aromaticus. A. ammonia'tum foet'idum, 
spiritus ammonias fostidus. A. amyl'icum, oil, fusel. 
A. cum aromat'ibus compos'itus, tinctura cinna- 
momi composita. A. cum aromat'ibus sulphurica'- 
tus, aromatic sulphuric acid. A. aromat'icum 
ammonia'tum, spiritus ammonias aromaticus. A. 
aromat'icum sulphu'ricum, acidum sulphuricum 
aromaticum. A. camphora'tum, spirit of camphor. 
A. castoria'tum, tinctura castorei. A. cum citro 
auran'tio, tinctura aurantii. A. cum croto'ne cas- 
carilla, tinctura cascarillas. A. dehydrogena'tum, al- 
dehyde. A. dilu'tum, see Alcohol. A. ethyl'icum, 
ethylic alcohol, absolute alcohol. A. ferra'tum or fer- 
ratus, tinctura ferri chloridi. A. cum fer'ri sulpha'te 
tartariza'tus, see Ferrum tartarizatum. A. fort'ius, 
alcohol of sp. gr. 0.817, U. S. Ph. 1870, stronger 
alcohol of various pharmacopoeias. A., gly'ceric, 
glycerin. A. cum guai'aco offlcina'le ammonia'- 
tus, tinctura guaiaci ammoniata. A. io'dii, tinctura 
iodinii. A. junip'eri compos'itum, spiritus juniperi 
compositus. A., mesit'ic, acetone. A., methyl'ic, 
spiritus pyroxylicus. A. ni'trico-aethe'reum, nitrous 
ether, ethyl nitrate. A. ni'tricum, spiritus aetheris 
nitrosi. A. cum o'pio, tinctura opii. A., phenyl'ic, 
carbolic acid. A., pyrolig'neous, methyl alcohol. 
A., pyrox'ylic, spiritus pyroxylicus. A. cum rhe'o, 
tinctura rhei. A. sapona'tum, tinctura saponis. 
A. sulphurica'tum, elixir acidum Halleri. A. sul- 
phu'ricum, elixir acidum Halleri. A. sul'phuris, 
carbon bisulphate. A. terebin'thinse, oil of turpen- 
tine. A. vi'ni, spiritus rectificatus. A., wood, 
spiritus pyroxylicus. 
Alcoholate, al'ko-hol-ate. Crystallizable substance 
formed by combination of alcohol with a saline. 
Alcoholatura, al-ko-hol-at-u'rah. See Alcoblatum. 
Alcoho'lea. Alcoholic tinctures (French Codex). 
Alcoholetum, al-ko-hol-et'um. Medicinal substance 
to which alcohol is added as solvent. 
Alcoholic, al-ko-hol'ik. Spirituous; relating to or 
containing alcohol, as alcoholic drink or remedy. An 
habitual drinker to excess. A. a'taxy, condition pro- 
duced by alcohol, resembling locomotor ataxy. A. 
co'ma, coma from over-indulgence in alcoholic liquors. 
A. extract, product of evaporation of alcoholic tinc- 
tures, alcohol being employed with substances insol- 
uble in water, as resins, etc. A. ma'nia, mania-a- 
potu. A. pseudota'bes, alcoholic ataxy. 
Alcoholica, al-ko-hol'ik-ah. Medicines whose ac- 
tivity depends upon alcohol. 
Alcoholimeter, al-ko-hol-im'e-tur. Alcoholometer. 
Al'coholism. Series of morbid phenomena produced 
by use of alcoholic liquors, as gastritis, loss of appe- 
tite, nervous irritation, delirium tremens, etc. 
Alcoholization, al-ko-hol-i-za'shun. Process of ren- 
dering alcoholic, either by converting into alcohol or 
mixing with alcohol. 
Alcoholometer, al-ko-hol-om'e-ter. Instrument for 
ascertaining amount of alcohol in a liquid or meas- 
uring its specific gravity, the process being called 
Alcoholometry or Alcoholimetry. 
Alcoholophilia, al-ko-hol-o-fil'e-ah {alcohol, phileo, 
to love). Uncontrollable impulse for use of alcoholic 
liquors. 
Alcoholosis, al-ko-hol-o'sis. Alcoholism. 
Alcol. Alcohol, vinegar. 
Alcolse, al'ko-le. Aphthae; anthrax; gravel or sedi- 
ment in urine. 
Alcolitus, al-kol'it-us. Containing sediment, as 
urine. 
Al'cbol, al'ko-ol. Alcohol. 
Alcoolatum, al-ko-ol-at'um. See Tincture. A., an- 
tiscorbu'ticum, tinctura de cochleariis. A. carmina- 
ti'vum Syl'vii, tinctura carminativa Sylvii. A. de 
cochlea'riis, tinctura de cochleariis. A. de cro'co 
compos'itum, tinctura de croco composita. A. fra'- 
grans, cologne-water. A. vulnera'rium, remedy for 
bruises and other injuries, prepared by macerating 
and distilling nearly twenty different plants. 
36 
ALEPPO 
Alcbolature, al-ko-ol'at-ure. Name given to certain 
preparations consisting of alcohol, charged, by mace- 
ration, with soluble principles of fresh plants. Prop- 
erties of such plants would suffer by drying or pressing. 
Alcbolismus, al-ko-ol-iz'mus. Alcoholism. 
Alcbolometer (al-ko-ol-om'e-tur) or Alcoometer, al- 
ko-om'e-tur (metron, measure). Alcoholometer. 
Alcoomel, al'ko-o-mel. Mixture of alcohol and 
honey. 
Alcor'nin. Fatty principle from alcornoque-bark. 
Alcornoc or Alcornoco, al-kor-no'ko. Alcornoque. 
Alcornoque, al-kor-noke' (after Alchorne, English 
botanist). Bark of Alchornea latifolia of Jamaica and 
S. America, used in phthisis; it is bitter, tonic, dia- 
phoretic, and slightly astringent. Also bark of Bow- 
dichia virgilioides. A. of Brazil, Bowdichia major. 
Alcyon, al'se-on (hals, sea, fcwo, to conceive). Hal- 
cyon. Swallow of Cochin China, whose gelatinous 
nest is nutritious, analeptic, and aphrodisiac. 
Alcyoneum (al-ce-o'ne-um) or Alcyo'nium. Bastard 
sponge. The ashes were formerly employed as a denti- 
frice and to favor growth of hair in alopecia. 
Aldab'aran. Albadaran. 
Al'dehyde (abridged from alcohol dehydrogenatum, 
alcohol deprived of hydrogen). Volatile pungent 
liquid, C2H4O, produced in oxidation of ethylic alco- 
hol with limited supply of oxygen, two atoms of hy- 
drogen being removed. Also product of first stage of 
oxidation of all the alcohols. Has been used as an 
anaesthetic. It is also intoxicant. 
Aldehydum (al-da-he'dum) trichloratum, trik-lo- 
rat'um. Chloral hydrate, formed by displacement 
of three atoms of hydrogen in ethyl aldehyde. 
Alder, al'der. Ordinary name of genus Alnus. 
A., American, Alnus serratula. A. bark, bark of A. 
serratula and A. glutinosa. A., black, Prinos, Rhamnus 
frangula. A., buck'thorn, Rhamnus frangula, Prinos. 
A., Europe'an, Alnus glutinosa. A., swamp, Alnus 
incana. A., tag, Alnus incana. A., white, Clethra 
alnifolia. 
Ale. Alcoholic beverage produced by rapid fermen- 
tation, at high temperature, of infusion of malt in 
hops. It contains 4 to 7 per cent, of alcohol. 
Ale'berry. A beverage made by boiling ale with 
spice and sugar and sops of bread; given to invalids. 
Alecithal, ah-les'ith-al (a, lekithos, yolk of egg). 
Term applied to ova in which segmentation goes on 
uniformly and with even distribution of yolk. 
A'lecost. Tanacetum balsamita. 
Alector, ah-lek'tor (unmarried). One who cannot 
sleep (a, lectus, bed). 
Alectoria, al-ek-to're-ah. Genus of lichens, several 
species of which are used medicinally. 
Alectorius lapis, al-ek-to're-us lap'is (alektor, 
cock). A stone supposed to exist in stomach of the 
cock or capon ; marvellous properties were attributed 
to it. 
Alectorolithos, ah-lek-to-rol'ith-os (alektor, cock, 
lifhos, stone). Alectorius lapis. 
Alectorolophus, ah-lek-to-rol'o-fus. Crista galli of 
ethmoid. 
Alegar, al'e-gar. Vinegar from ale. 
Ale'hoof. Glechoma hederacea. 
Aleim'ma. Anointing; liniment; ointment. 
Alei'pha. Liniment; ointment. 
Aleipsis, al-eip'sis. Anointing; steatosis. A. 
auc'ta, hypersteatosis. A. diminu'ta, asteatosis. 
Aleipte'rium (aleiplio, to anoint). Place in ancient 
gymnasium where combatants anointed themselves. 
Aleip'tron. Box for ointments. 
Aleison, al-i'son. Acetabulum. 
Ale'ma. Farina, flour. 
Alembic, al-em'bik. Moorshead; utensil made of 
glass, metal, or earthenware adapted for distillation; 
a still. 
Alembroth, al-em'broth. Sal alembroth; product 
of sublimation of mixture of corrosive sublimate and 
sal ammoniac, employed as stimulant.. 
Alep'po but'ton, A. evil, A. pus'tule, A. ul'cer. 
Terms applied to an endemic cutaneous affection in 
Syria and Africa, characterized by one or more tuber- ALETON 
cles on face or limbs, which soften and become covered 
with a scar. Ulcerations formed are long in healing, 
and, generally, leave a mark. It is usually left to 
itself, but is said to be benefited by crucial incisions 
into the tubercle prior to period of softening. The 
disease appears to be anthracoid in its character. A. 
galls, best commercial variety of galls. A. worm'- 
seed, Artemisia santonica. 
Aleton, al'e-ton (aleo, to grind). Farina. 
Aletrin, al - et' rin. A resinous extract obtained 
from Aletris farinosa; dose, gr. J-iij ; cathartic. 
Aletris, al-et'ris (aleiar, meal). A. farinosa. A.al'ba, 
A. farinosa. A. au'rea, indigenous, has similar 
virtues to A. farinosa, Star-grass, Starwort, Biasing 
star, Aloe-root, Bitter-grass, Black-root, Unicorn-root, 
Ague-root, Ague-grass, Colic-root, Devil's bit, Mealy star- 
wort, ord. Hsemoderacese. Boot is intense and perma- 
nent bitter; tonic, emetic, and cathartic. 
Aletudo, al-it-u'do. Corpulence. 
Aleurites (al - u - re' tes) corda'ta (aleurites, mealy, 
from meal-like substance covering it). Tung-tree of 
China, used medicinally. A. Gome'sii, euphorbiaceous 
plant of Brazil, oil of which is purgative. A. Moluc- 
ca'na, species growing in Molucca and Java, having 
purgative nut. A. tri'loba, Akhrout, Candle-nut or 
Candle-berry tree, ord. Euphorbiaceae. Plant common 
in Sandwich, Society, and other islands in the Southern 
seas; also in East and West Indies. Oil of the fruit- 
kukui oil in Sandwich Islands, kekune oil in Ceylon, 
known in Jamaica as Spanish walnut oil, and in India 
as Belgaum walnut oil-is cathartic, resembling castor 
oil in its action. 
Aleur'on. Farina. 
Aleurotesis, al-u-ro-ta'sis (aleuron, wheaten flour). 
Strainer for separating bran from meal. See Cribration. 
Alexander-Adams operation. Alexander's opera- 
tion. 
Alexanders. Smyrnium olusatrum. 
Alexander's operation, Alexander-Adams ope- 
ration. Operation devised by Dr. W. Alexander of 
Li verpool, England, by which the round ligaments of 
the uterus are shortened in cases of prolapse, retrover- 
sion, or retroversion combined with retroflexion of that 
organ. Under the view that they become lengthened 
in such displacements, he dissects down to them, and, 
drawing them well out through the external abdom- 
inal ring, replaces the uterus in its normal position. 
Alexandria. Prunus laurocerasus. 
Alexeterium, al-eks-et-a're-um. See Alexiteria. 
Alexia, ah-leks'e-ah (a, lego, to read). Form of loss 
of faculty of expression of thought. The person 
can think and speak, but cannot read. 
Alexicacum, al-eks-ik'ak-um (alexo, to repel, 
kakon, evil). Amulet, alexipharmic. 
Alexipharmic, al-eks-e-far'mik (alexo, to repel, 
pharmakon, poison). Term formerly used for medi- 
cines proper for expelling morbific principles or pre- 
venting bad effects of poisons taken inwardly. 
Alexipyretic, al-eks-i-py-ret'ik (alexo, to repel, 
puretos, fever). Febrifuge, antipyretic. 
Alex'ir. Elixir. 
Alexiteria, al-eks-it-a're-ah (alexo, to repel). 
Originally used synonymously with remedies. Ap- 
plied also to medicines that counteract poisons placed 
in contact with the exterior of the body, in contra- 
distinction to alexipharmics; antidote. 
Alexiteric, al-eks-it-er'ik. Antidotal. 
Alexiterium chloricum, al-eks-it-a're-um klo'rik- 
um. Fumigation with chlorine. A. ni'tricum, 
nitrous fumigation. 
Aleze. A cloth or other material to protect the bed 
from evacuations from the bowel or bladder. 
Alfusa, al-fu'sah. A form of oxide of zinc. 
Alga marina, al'gah ma-ree'nah (ad, ligo, to bind). 
Sea-wrack; Pila marina. A. of the mouth, micro- 
scopic vegetable parasite noticed in aphthous condi- 
tion of the mouth, and even in buccal secretions of 
healthy persons. 
Algsestheses, al-gees-tha'zes (algos, pain, aisthesis, 
sensation). Painful sensations, or diseases attended 
with them. 
37 
ALIFEROUS 
Algaesthesis, al-gees-tha'zis (algos, pain, aisthesis, 
sensation). Sensation of pain. 
Algalia (al-gal'e-ah) or Algalie, al'gal-e. Catheter. 
Algaroba, al-gar-o'bah. Ceratonia siliqua. 
Algarobia, al-gar-o'be-ah. Resin from A. glandu- 
losa. A. ferrugin'ea, plant of India, bark of which 
is stimulant. A. glandulo'sa. Small leguminous tree 
of southern America, from which mesquite gum is 
obtained. A. leucophce'a has similar properties. 
Algarobilla, al-gar-o-bil'lah. Pods of Balsamo- 
carpum brevifolium are so called. 
Algaroth (from V. Algarotti, a Veronese physi- 
cian), al' gar-oth. Flowers of antimony, Antimonious 
oxychloride. Has been used in preparation of 
tartrate of antimony and potassium and as an emet- 
ic, purgative, and diaphoretic. 
Algebra, al'je-brah. Fracture; also its treatment by 
the surgeon. 
Algedo, al-ja'do (algos, pain). Violent pain about the 
neck of the bladder or testicles, occasionally occurring 
in gonorrhoea; stoppage of gonorrhoeal discharge. 
Algedon (al-je'don), Algema (al-ga'mah), or Algesia, 
al-ga'sis. Pain. 
Alge'sia. Sensibility to pain; excessive pain. 
Algesichronometer, al-ge-ze-kro-nom'e-tur (algesis, 
pain, chronos, time, metron, measure). Instrument to 
measure time elapsing from painful impression to 
appreciation of it by the nervous system. 
Algesimeter, al-ges-im'e-tur (algesis, pain, metron, 
measure). Instrument to indicate amount of cutane- 
ous sensibility. 
Algetic, al-jet'ik. Painful. 
Algia, al'je-ah. As suffix denotes pain, as neuralgia, 
pain of a nerve; cephalalgia, headache. Astringent. 
Algid, al'jid. Cold; pernicious intermittent, ac- 
companied by icy coldness, often fatal. A. chol'era, 
Asiatic cholera. A. fe'ver, fever accompanied with 
coldness. 
Algidism (al'jid-izm), Algidity (al-jid'it-e), or Al- 
gidness, al'jid-ness. Coldness; chilliness. 
Al'gin. Albuminoid substance obtained in separa- 
tion of iodine from algae. 
Al'goid cells. Cells resembling lower algae, noticed 
in cases of chronic diarrhoea. 
Algometer, al-gom'e-ter. Instrument for deter- 
mining acuteness of sensation of pain. 
Al'gor. Rigor; chilliness. A. mor'tis, coldness of 
body after death. A. progressi'vus, sclerema neo- 
natorum. 
Al'gos. Pain. 
Algosis, al-go'sis. Algae as a cause of disease. 
Algospasmus, al-go-spas'mus (algos, pain, spasmos, 
spasm). Painful spasm or cramp. 
Algospastic, al-go-spas'tik. Relating to, or similar 
to, cramps. 
Alhagi, al-hah'ge. Thorny shrub of Persia and 
Mesopotamia, from which manna is derived; leaves 
are purgative. A. mauro'runi, Hebrew manna, native 
of Egypt, Syria, Persia, and India. From leaves and 
branches sweet saccharine substance is obtained, 
called turanjeban, which many pharmacologists iden- 
tify with Hebrew manna. 
Alhandal, al-han'dal. Colocynth. 
Alhasef, al-hah'sef. Sudamina. 
Alibert's disease or ke'loid. True keloid; fungoid 
mycosis. 
Alibility, al-i-bil'it-e (alo, to nourish). Capability 
of supplying nourishment. 
Al'ible. Nutritious. 
Alices, al'e-ces (alizo, to sprinkle). Spots preceding 
eruption of small-pox. 
Alienatio, al-e-en-ah'she-o (alienus, strange). Anom- 
aly, irregularity. A. men'tis, insanity. A. par'tis, 
gangrene of any part. 
Alienation (ale-e-en-a'shun), men'tal. Insanity. 
Alienatus, al-e-en-at'us. Insane; gangrenous. 
Alienist, a'le-en-ist. Physician who devotes special 
attention to insanity and the insane. 
Alienus, al-e-a'nus. Delirious; insane. 
Aliferous, a-lif'er-us (ala, wing, fero, to bear). 
Wing-bearing. ALIFORM 5 
Aliform, a'le-form (ala, wing, forma, shape). Wing- 
like. A. mus'cles, pterygoid muscles. 
Aligulus, al-ig'u-lus. Confection. 
Alima, al'im-ah (alo, to nourish). Aliments. 
Alimellse, al-im-el'la. Parotid gland. 
Aliment, al'i-ment. Food; any substance which, 
if introduced into the system, is capable of nourish- 
ing it and repairing its losses. A classification of ali- 
ments or foods is usually founded on chemical anal- 
ysis of the different principles contained in them. 
The following, by Yeo, presents a systematic ar- 
rangement of them: 
38 
ALKALOID 
Alisphenoid, al-i-sfe'noid. Portion of skull in- 
cluding greater wing and external pterygoid plate of 
sphenoid bone. A. a'rea, area of skull separated 
from squamoso-temporal area by spheno-squamous 
suture. 
Alisphenoidalia, al - e - sfen - oi - dal' e- ah. Greater 
wings of sphenoid bone. 
Alitura, al-it-u'rah (alo, to nourish). Nutrition. 
Alizarin, al-i'zar-in. Coloring matter of madder, 
used for staining microscopic preparations. 
Alkahest, al'kah-hest. Alcaest. 
Alkalescence, al-kal-es'sense. Condition in which 
a fluid becomes alkaline. A. of the hu'mors, an old 
notion of the humorists; can only occur during putrid 
fermentation of animal matters containing nitrogen, 
and producing ammonia. 
Alkales'cent. Possessing properties of an alkali. 
Alkali, al'ca-li (al [Arab.], the, kali, salsola, soda, 
plant containing large quantity of soda). Electro- 
positive substance, soluble in water, possessing gen- 
erally acrid, caustic taste, turning syrup of violets 
green, and restoring to blue infusion of litmus which 
has been reddened by acids; reddening yellow of 
turmeric, and having great tendency to unite with 
acids to form salts. In medicine potassa, soda, am- 
monia, and lithia are chief alkalies used; soda and 
potassa are fixed alkalies, ammonia is volatile alkali. 
A. al'bumen, produced by action of dilute alkalies on 
egg albumen. A. ammoni'acum aceta'tum, liquor 
ammonii acetatis. A. ammoni'acum caus'ticum, 
ammonia. A. ammoni'acum fiu'idum, liquor am- 
monia. A. ammoni'acum spirituo'sum, spiritus am- 
monia. A., caus'tic, a pure alkali; one deprived of 
its carbonic acid. A., fix'ed, see Alkali. A. flx'um 
tartariza'tum, potassii tartras. A. minera'le nitra'- 
tum, sodii nitras. A. minera'le phosphora'tum, 
sodii phosphas. A. minera'le sali'num, sodium 
chloride. A. minera'le sulphu'ricum, sodium sul- 
phate. A. tar'tari ace'to-satura'tum, potassium ace- 
tate. A. vegeta'bile cum ace'to, potassium acetate. 
A. vegeta'bile flx'um caus'ticum, potassa fusa. A. 
vegeta'bile sa'lito-dephlogistica'tum, potasssemurias 
hyperoxygenatus. A. vegeta'bile tartariza'tum, po- 
tassium tartrate. A. vegeta'bile vitriola'tum, potas- 
sium sulphate. A., veg'etable, potash. A. volat'ile, 
ammonia. A. volatile aceta'tum, liquor ammonii ace- 
tatis. A. volatile aeratum, ammonium carbonate. A. 
volatile ammoni'acale, ammonium carbonate. A. 
vola'tile caus'ticum, ammonia. A. vola'tile concre'te, 
ammonium carbonate. A. vola'tile, mild, ammonium 
carbonate. A. vola'tile nitra'tum, ammonium ni- 
trate. A. vola'tile ex sale ammoni'aco, ammonium 
carbonate. A. v. tartariza'tum, ammonium tartrate. 
A. v. vitriola'tum, ammonium sulphate. 
Alkaligene, al'kal-i-jene (alcali, gennao, to generate). 
Nitrogen. 
Alkaligenous, al-kal-ij'en-us. Producing alkali. 
Alkalimeter, al - kal - im' et - ur (alkali, metron, 
measure). Apparatus for determining the amount of 
alkaline matter in any substance. 
Alkalimetry, al-ka-lim'e-tre (aZfcaZi,metron,measure). 
Determination of amount of alkaline matter in any 
substance. 
Alkaline, al'ka-line. Having properties of an 
alkali. A. baths, baths of sodium bicarbonate, borax, 
etc., dissolved in water, used in eczema, psoriasis, 
urticaria, etc. A. earths, see Earths. 
Alkalinity, al-kal-in'it-e. Quality of being alka- 
line. 
Alkalinuria, al-ka-lin-u're-ah (alkali, ouron, urine). 
Alkaline condition of urine. 
Alkaliza'tion or Alkaliniza'tion. Process of ren- 
dering a substance alkaline. 
Alkaloid, al'kal-oid (alcali, eidos, form). Literally, 
resembling an alkali. The name has, however, been 
given to nitrogenous organic alkalies to distinguish 
them from mineral, from which they differ in compo- 
sition and properties; they all contain nitrogen. 
They are all most important on account of their 
medicinal and therapeutic action. The most valued 
are the following, according to Simon; coniine and 
1. Albuminates. Nitrogenous substances hav- 
ing the same or nearly the same chemical 
composition as albumen. Examples: albu- 
men, fibrin, syntonin, myosin, globulin, 
casein, from the animal kingdom: gluten 
and legumin, from the vegetable kingdom, 
(a) Subordinate nitrogenous substances re- 
ferred to this class, and known as- 
Nitrog- 
enous. 
Gelatinous substances- 
Gelatin, 
Casein, 
Chondrin. 
2. Fats or hydrocarbons, containing carbon, 
hydrogen, and oxygen, the proportion of 
oxygen being insufficient to convert all the 
hydrogen into water. Examples: olein, 
stearin, margarin (butter is a familiar 
one). 
3. Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, 
and oxygen, the two latter elements in 
the proportions to form water. Examples : 
starch, dextrin, cane-sugar, grape-sugar, 
lactose or milk-sugar. («) The vegetable 
acids, oxalic, tartaric, citric, malic, acetic, 
and lactic, are by some authors referred to 
this class. 
Non-nitrog- 
enous. 
Mineral. 
4. Mineral: Water, salts, sodium and potas- 
sium chlorides, calcium and magnesium 
phosphates, iron, etc. 
Alimental, al-i-ment'al. Nutritious. 
Alimentary, al-i-ment'a-re. Nutritious; relating to 
food. A. bo'lus, food in the mouth, just ready to be 
swallowed. A. canal, duct, or tube, the digestive 
canal, beginning at the mouth and ending at the anus. 
Alimentation, al-i-men-ta'shun. Act or power of 
nourishing; feeding. A., artifl'cial, feeding of those 
unable to receive food in the usual way. A., cu'rative, 
treatment by food without medicine. A., io'dic, giv- 
ing of iodine internally in combination, with bread 
and other farinaceous substances. A., organs of, 
alimentary canal. A., rec'tal, feeding by the rectum, 
as by nutrient injections. 
Alimentiveness, al-i-meu'tiv-ness. Instinct for 
taking food, from a phrenological point of view. 
Alimentum, al-im-en'tum. Aliment. 
Alimonia, al-im-o'ne-ah. Aliment. 
Alimos, al'im-os. Preventing hunger. 
Alimus, al'im-us. Licorice. 
Alinasal, al-i-na'sal. Relating to ala and nose. 
Alindesis, al-in-da'sis (alindesis, rolling on the 
ground). Species of exercise consisting in rolling in 
the dust after having been anointed with oil. 
Alipsenos (al-ip-e'nos) or Alipantos, al-ip-an'tos (a, 
lipaino, to be fat). Epithet formerly given to external 
remedies devoid of fat or moisture, such as powders. 
Alipasma, al-ip-az'mah (aleipho, to anoint, pasma, 
plaster). Ointment to prevent sweating. 
Alipta, al-ip'tah (aleiptes, one who anoints). He 
who anointed athletse after bathing; place was called 
Alipterium. 
Aliptic, al-ip'tik. Relating to inunction or gym- 
nastics. 
Aliptica, al-ip'tik-ah. The part of ancient medi- 
cine treating of inunction as a means of preserving 
health. 
Alisma, al-is'mah (alisma, water plantain). Gen. 
Alismacese. A. plantago, Arnica montana. A. Amer- 
ica'na, variety of A. plantago. A. graminifo'lia, A. 
plantago. A. lanceola'ta, A. plantago. A. planta'- 
go, water plantain; grows in swampy places in Eu- 
rope and United States. Fresh root is acrid; dried 
leaves are vesicant. The leaves have been proposed 
as substitute for uva ursi. ALKALURETIC 
nicotine are liquid and volatile; the others arc solid 
and fixed: 
Coniine, CsIInN-In Conium maculatum. 
Nicotine, C10H14N2-In Tobacco-plant. 
39 
» ALLIGATOR-JAW FORCEPS 
Allan'tis. Allantois. 
Allantodes, al-lan-to'des. Allantois. 
Allantoic, al-lan'to-ik. Belonging or relating to 
the allantois. A. acid, amnio or amniotic acid ; pecu- 
liar acid found in liquor of allantois of the cow. A. 
ar'teries, umbilical arteries. A. flu'id, liquor amnii. 
Allantoid, al-lan'toid. Relating to the allantois. A. 
mem'brane or ves'icle, allantois. 
Allan'toin. Substance found sometimes in minute 
quantities in allantoic fluid and in urine; it may be 
obtained from uric acid by oxidation. C4H6N4O3. 
Allantois, al-lan'to-is {alias, sausage, eidos, shape). 
A structure developed as a hollow ventral out- 
growth of the hinder portion of the primitive in- 
testine of the embryo; its walls consist of the hypo- 
blastic and splanchnopleural layers (Gray). In 
some animals it is called the allantoid or urinary 
vesicle of the foetus, a sort of elongated bladder be- 
tween the chorion and amnion, thrown out from the 
caudal extremity of the embryo, and communicating 
with the bladder by the urachus. As the allantois is 
developed, its walls become very vascular, and con- 
tain ramifications of what become umbilical artery 
and vein, which, by elongation of the allantois, are 
brought through the villi of the chorion into indirect 
communication with the vessels of the mother. The 
inferior part of the allantois becomes the bladder; 
other portions the urachus. 
Allantotoxicon (al-lan-to-tocks'ik-on) or Allanto- 
toxicum, al-lan-to-tocks'ik-um {alias, sausage, toxicon, 
poison). Sausage-poison; poison developed in sau- 
sages, especially when made of blood and liver. 
Allantuni, al-lan'tum. Substance found sometimes 
in minute quantities in allantoic fluid and in urine ; 
may be obtained from uric acid by oxidation. 
Al'larton's operation of lithot'omy. See Lithotomy. 
Allasia payos, al-lah'se-ah pay'os. Cucurbitaceous 
plant of Southern Africa, leaves of which are said to 
be parturifacient. 
Allaxis, al-laks'is {allasso, to change). Change; 
transformation. 
Allectuary, al-lek'tu-a-re. Electuary. 
Alleluia, al-le-lu'e-ah. Wood sorrel, Oxalis acetosella. 
Allenthesis (al-len'tha-sis), Allentheton (al-len'tha- 
ton), or Allenthetum, al-len'tha-tum {alios, another, 
enthesis, introduction). Entrance into or presence of 
extraneous bodies in the organism. 
Allentois, al-len'to-is. Allantois; large toe. 
Alleot'ic. See Alloeotic. 
Allerimbrabo, al-ler-im-brah'bo. Brazilian name 
of Hypericum laxiusculum. 
Allevamentum, al-la-vam-en'tum {allevo, to re- 
lieve). Alleviation; means of relief. 
Alleviation, al-le-ve-a'shun {ad, levo, to raise). Pro- 
cess of relieving pain. 
Alleviator, al-le've-a-tor {ad, levo, to raise). Instru- 
ment for raising invalids. 
Allex, al'leks {allomai, to leap). Thumb; big toe. 
See Hallux. 
AU'flower-wa'ter. Cow's urine; once used as pur- 
gative. 
All'good. Chenopodium bonus Henricus. 
All'heal. Panacea; Heraclium spondylium, species 
of Ferula; Stachys palustris; Panax heracleum; Opo- 
ponax chironium. 
Alliaceous, al-le-a'she-us {allium, garlic). Belonging 
to garlic, as alliaceous odor. 
Alliaria, al-le-ah're-ah {allium, garlic, from its 
smell). Jack-in-the-hedge, Stinking hedgemustard, Hedge- 
garlic, Sauce-alone. Ord. Cruciferse. Plant sometimes 
used in humid asthma and dyspnoea; reputed to be 
diaphoretic, diuretic, and antiscorbutic. 
Alligamen, al-lig-am'en {alligo, to bind to). Bandage. 
Alligation, al-le-ga'shun {alligo, to bind to). Combi- 
nation of several metals. 
Alliga'tor pear. Seeds of Persea gratissima, Avo- 
cado pear. Used externally in intercostal neuralgia. 
A. pear, Chinese, seeds are antisyphilitic. 
Alliga'tor-jaw for'ceps. Instrument with wide 
jaws and long sliding handles, used to seize foreign 
bodies in the urethra and other passages. 
Morphine, C17H19NO 
Codeine, C18H21NO3 
Thebaine, C19H21NO3 
Papaverine, C21H21NO4 
Narcotine, C22H23NO7 
Narceine, C23H29NO9 
Pseudomorphine, C17H19NO4 
Protopine, C20H19NO5 
Codamine, C20H23NO4 
Laudamine, C21H27NO4 
Meconidine, C21H2.3NO4 
Cryptopine, C21H23NO5 
Laudamosine, C21H27NO4 
In Opium. 
Quinine, C20H24N2O2-I-3H2O 
Cinchonine, C19H22N2O 
Quinidine, isomeric with quinine 
Cinchonidine, isomeric with cin- 
chonine 
In Cinchona- 
bark. 
Strychnine, C21H22N2O2 
Brucine, C23H26N2O4 + (4H2O) 
Solanine, C43H71NO16 
Atropine, C17H23NO3 
Hyoscyamine, C17H23NO3 
In Nux vomica. 
In Solanacete. 
Cocaine, C17H21NO4-In Erythroxylon coca. 
Veratrine, C32H49NO9-In Veratrin. 
Aconitine, C33H43NO12-In Aconitum napellus. 
Colchicine, C17H19NO5-In Colchicum autumnale. 
Berberine, C20H17NO4-In Berberis vulgaris. 
Hydrastine, C21H21NO6-In Hydrastis Canadensis. 
Piperine, C17H19NO3-In Pepper. 
Emetine, C28H40N2O5-In Ipecacuanha-root. 
Eserine, or Physostigmatine, C15H21N3O2-In Cala- 
bar bean. 
Pilocarpine, C11H16N2O2-In Pilocarpus. 
Caffeine, C8H10N4O2+H2O-In Coffee and tea. 
Theobromine, C7H8N4O2-In seeds of Theobroma 
cacao. 
A., cadav'eric, see Ptomaines. A., putrefac'tive, 
see Ptomaines. 
Alkaluret'ic. Producing or relating to alkaline 
urine. 
Al'kanet, bas'tard. Lithospermum officinale. A., 
dy'er's or false, Anchusa tinctoria. A., gar'den or 
offi'cinal, Anchusa officinalis. A. root, Anchusa offi- 
cinalis. 
Alkanna, al-kan'nah. Isinglass; alkanet. A. ma'jor 
latifo'lia denta'ta, Primos verticillatus. A. spino'sa, 
Lawsonia inermis. A. spu'ria or tincto'ria, Anchusa 
tinctoria. A. ve'ra, Lawsonia inermis, L. alba. A. 
vulga'ris, Anchusa tinctoria. 
Alkan'nin. Red coloring matter of alkanet-root, 
used for staining. 
Alkaptone, al-kap'tone. Amorphous nitrogenous 
substance sometimes found in urine when latter is 
alkaline. Condition is called Alkaptonu' ria. 
Alkar, al'kar. Medicament. 
Alkarsin, al-kar'sin. Oily poisonous liquid pro- 
duced by action of arsenic trioxide on potassium ace- 
tate. 
Alkarva, al-kar'vah. Alkerva. 
Alkekengi, al-ka-ken'je. Physalis. 
Alkekengin, al-ka-ken'jin. Physalin. 
Alkermes, al-ker'mes. Celebrated stimulant elec- 
tuary, named from kermes contained in it; kermes. 
Alkerva, al-ker'vah. Recently drawn castor oil. 
Alkitran, al'kit-ran. Cedria. 
Al'kol or Alkool, al-ko'ol. Alcohol. 
Alkymistre, al-kim'is-tra. Alchymist. 
Al'la. Ale. 
Allsesthesia, al-lees-the'ze-ah. See Allochoria. 
Allamanda, al-lam-an'dah (after Allamand, Ley- 
den naturalist). Shrub of Guiana, infusion of whose 
leaves has been used in colic and colica pictonum. A. 
cathar'tica, allamanda. A. grandiflo'ra, allamanda. 
Allanti'asis {alias, sausage). Sausage-poisoning, 
from putrefactive degeneration; met with more fre- 
quently in Germany. ALLIGATURA 
Alligatura, al-lig-at-u'rah (alligo, to bind to). Fas- 
cia ; ligature; ligation. 
Allii (al'le-e) bul'bus. Bulb of A. sativum. 
Allioticus, al-le-ot'ik-us. Alterative. 
Allium, al'le-um. Garlic. Ord. Liliacete. Native 
of Sicily, but cultivated for use. Bulbs or cloves 
have strong, offensive, and penetrating odor, and 
sweetish, biting, and caustic taste, and contain pun- 
gent volatile oil, allyl sulphide. Bulb of A. sativum, 
Ph. U. S. Internally, garlic is stimulant, diuretic, 
expectorant, diaphoretic, and anthelmintic; exter- 
nally, rubefacient, maturative, and repellent. It is 
applied as rubefacient to the chest in croup. Virtues 
of genus Allium depend upon acrid principle soluble 
in water, alcohol, acids, and alkalies. A. ampelo- 
pra'sum or ascen'dens, species of European allium, 
used as diuretic, emmenagogue, and antidote to snake- 
bites. A. Ascalon'icum, shallot. A. Canaden'se, 
meadow garlic, wild garlic; indigenous; has same 
properties as'allium. A. ce'pa, common onion ; acrid, 
stimulating, and possessing little nutriment. Onions 
have been used as stimulants, diuretics, and anthel- 
mintics; boiled or roasted, as 'cataplasm, emol- 
lient, and maturating; fresh root is rubefacient; 
expressed juice is used in otalgia and rheuma- 
tism. A. cer'nuum, wild onion; indigenous; medic- 
inal properties similar to others of this class. 
A. fistulo'sum, Welsh onion, rock onion, of 
Northern Europe; edible. A. Gal'licum, Portulaca. 
A. leptophyl'lum, edible species of E. Indies. A. 
mo'ly, garden garlic of S. of France; aperient. A. 
moscha'turn, species growing in S. of France; diu- 
retic. A. obli'quum and A. o'dorum are edible Eu- 
ropean species. A. olera'ceum, field garlic; bulb is 
diuretic. A. plantagin'eum, A. victoriale. A. por'- 
rum, leek or porret, possesses same property as onion 
as an edible and a medicine. A. red'olens, Teucrium 
scordium. A. sati'vum, allium. A. Schoenopra'sum, 
chive, chives, or cive; properties of bulb similar to 
garlic. A. uligino'sum, species in Asia, used exter- 
nally in tooth-ache; internally, in hemorrhage, sper- 
matorrhoea, etc. A. ursi'num, species of Siberia and 
Central Europe; antiscorbutic, diuretic, anthelmintic. 
A. victoria'le or victorialis, root which, when dried, 
loses alliaceous smell and taste; has been used to 
allay abdominal spasms of pregnant women. A. vul- 
ga're, A. sativum. 
Al'lo (alios, another). In composition, another. 
Alloehetia (al-lo-ket'e-ah) or Allochezia, al-lo-kez'- 
e-ah (allo, chezo, to go to stool). Discharge of extra- 
neous matters from the bowels; discharge of faeces 
by an abnormal opening. 
Allochiria, al-lo-kir'e-ah (alios, another, cheir, hand). 
Perverted sensibility, impression on the part seeming 
to be felt on the other side; a symptom of tabes dorsalis 
and other spinal diseases, and of hysteria. 
Allochoos, al-lo'ko-os. Talking in a wild and delir- 
ious manner. 
Allochroic (al-lo-kro'ik) or Allochrdous, all-lok'ro- 
us (allo, chroma,.color). Changing color; varying in 
color. Condition is called Alloch'roism. 
Allochromasia, al-lo-kro-mah'ze-ah (allo, chroma, 
color). Change of color; colorblindness. 
Allocinetlc, al-lo-sin-et'ik (allo, kinesis, motion). 
Acting in response to external impressions from with- 
out on motor nerves. . 
Alloeoinor'phia or Allceomorpho'sis (allows, dif- 
ferent, morphe, shape). Change of form; metamor- 
phosis. 
Allceopathia, al-le-o-path-e'ah (alloios, different, pa- 
thos, disease). Allopathy. 
Alloeopathic, al-le-o-path'ik. Allopathic. 
Alloeosis, al-le-o'sis. Alteration; mental disturb- 
ance. 
Allceotic, al-le-ot'ik. Alterative. 
Allogotrophia, al-lo-go-trof'e-ah (allo, trophe, nour- 
ishment). Act of nourishing one portion of the body 
by material derived from another portion. 
Alloiosis, al-loy-o'sis. Alteration. 
Alloiotic, al-loy-ot'ik. Alterative. 
Allolalia, al-lo-lal'e-ah (allo, lalia, speech). Disor- 
40 
> ALLUCINATIO 
der or impediment of speech. One so affected is 
Allot'alous. 
Allomorphism, al-lo-mor'fism. Alloeomorphia. 
Allopath, al'lo-path. Allopathist. 
Allopathes, al-lop'ah-thes. Allopathic. 
Allopathic, al-lo-path'ik. Relating to ordinary 
rational method of medical practice, in contradis- 
tinction to homoeopathy. See Allopathy. 
Allopathist, al-lop'a-thist (allo, pathos, affection). 
One who believes in or practises allopathy. 
Allopathy, al-lop'a-the (allo, pathos, disease). Dis- 
ease produced by external causes. Method of treat- 
ment in which remedial agents are employed, the ac- 
tion of which produces symptoms different from those 
observed in the sick person; opposite to homoeopathy. 
A term often employed, as a name for rational medi- 
cation, by those who do not understand the princi- 
ples of the latter. 
Allophasis, al-lof'as-is (allo,phao, to say). Delirium. 
Allorhythmia (al-lo-rhith'me-ah) or Allorythmia, 
al-lo-rith'me-ah (cdlo, rhuthmos, rhythm). Variation in 
rhythm of pulse. 
Allosorus crispus, al-lo-so'rus kris'pus. Rock- 
brake ; decoction is expectorant. 
Allosteatodes, al-lo-ste-at-o'des (allo, stear, suet). 
Alteration of sebaceous secretion of skin. 
Allotriapo sterna, al-lo-tre-ap-os-ta'mah (allotrios, 
foreign, apostema, abscess). Abscess containing a for- 
eign body. 
Allotrio, al-lo'tre-oh (allotrios). In composition, 
pertaining to others; foreign. 
Allotriochetia (al-lo-tre-o-ket'e-ah) or Allotrio- 
chesia, al-lo-tre-o-kez'e-ah (allotrio, chezo, to go to 
stool). Alloehetia. 
Allotriodontia, al-lo-tre-o-don'she-ah (allotrio, odous, 
tooth). Transplantation of teeth; insertion of false 
teeth; unusual position of teeth. 
Allotrioeccrisis, al-lo-tre-o-ek'kris-is (allotrio, ek- 
krisis, separation). Separation of extraneous matters 
from the body in disease. 
Allotriogeustia (al-lo-tre-o-goost'e-ah) or Allotrio- 
geusia, al-lo-tre-o-goos'e-ah (allotrio, geusis, taste). Ab- 
sence of perversion of taste. 
Allotriolithiasis, al-lo-tre-o-lith-e'as-is (allotrios, 
foreign, lithiums, formation of stone). Formation of 
calculus from foreign material or in an unusual posi- 
tion. 
Allotriophagy, al-lo-tre-of'a-je (allotrio, phago, to 
eat). Inclination or taste for articles not suitable for 
food. One so addicted is an Allotrioph'agist. See Pica. 
Allotriotectic, al-lo-tre-o-tek'tik. Born preternat- 
urally. 
Allotriotexis, al-lo-tre-o-teks'is (aWotrio, te.ris, par- 
turition). Bringing forth an abnormous foetus. 
Allotriuria, al-lo-tre-u're-ah (allotrio, ouron, urine). 
Admixture of foreign matters with urine. 
Allotrophic, al-lo-trof'ik (aZZo, trophe, nourishment). 
Perverted in nutrition; lacking nutritive qualities; 
affecting nutrition in an unusual manner. 
Allotrop'ic. Relating to allotropism. 
Allotropism (al-lot'ro-pizm) or Allotropy, al-lot'- 
ro-pe (allo, tropos, turn or change). Term of mod- 
ern chemistry to express property possessed by certain 
bodies of assuming different qualities when subjected 
to certain modes of treatment. Carbon, for example, 
furnishes three forms-plumbago, charcoal, diamond. 
Alloxan, al-loks'an. C4H2N2O4. Result of action 
of nitric acid or nascent chlorine on uric acid at low 
temperature; found occasionally in mucus of in- 
testine in catarrhal enteritis. 
Alloxan'ic acid. Acid obtained by treating alloxan 
with alkalies. 
Alloxanthin (al-loks-an'thin) or Alloxantin, al-loks- 
an'tin. Result of action of very dilute nitric acid or 
uric acid on alloxan. CsHtNiCh -I- 3H2O. 
Alloy'. See Allegation. 
All'spice. Berries of Myrtus pimenta. A. bush, 
laurus benzoin. A., Caroli'na, calycanthus. A., Ja- 
pan, Chimonanthus fragrans. A. tree, pimenta; caly- 
canthus. A., wild, laurus benzoin. 
Allucinatio, al-lu-sin-ah'she-oh. Hallucination. ALLUS 
Alius, al'lus (aUomai, to leap). Great toe. A. pol'- 
lex, great toe; thumb. 
Allux, al'luks. Great toe. 
Allyl, al'lil. Organic radicle, base of volatile oils 
of alliaceous plants. A. sul'phide (€3115)28, essential 
oil of garlic. 
Allylamine, al-lil'a-mine. If atom of allyl be sub- 
stituted for one of H in ammonia, liquid results, pro- 
ducing sneezing and flow of tears when inhaled. 
Allyl'ic al'cohol. C3H5OH. A liquid obtained by 
distilling a mixture of glycerine and oxalic acid. A. 
al'dehyde, acrolein. 
Alma, al'mah. Sea-water. Movement of foetus; 
movement of pulse; palpitation of heart. 
Almariab, al-mah're-ab. See Plumbi oxidurn semivi- 
treum. 
Almarida (al-mar'id-ah) cathar'tica. Plant of 
Cayenne, used as cathartic and in colic. 
Almendora, al-men-do'rah. Geoffroya superba. 
Almen's test for blood. Addition of freshly pre- 
pared tincture of guaiacum and ozonized ether gives 
blue color if blood be present in the matter exam- 
ined. 
Almezerion, al-ma-za're-on. Cneorum tricoccum. 
Al'mond. Amygdala. A., bitter, amygdala amara. 
A. cake, amygdalae placenta. A. confec'tion, pulvis 
amygdalae compositus. A. of the ear, tonsil. A. 
earth, arachis hypogaea. A., Jordan, see Amygdala. 
A. legu'min, amandin. A. milk, mistura amygdalae. 
A. mixture, mistura amygdalae. A. oil, oleum amyg- 
dalae. A. paste, amygdalae pasta. A. pow'der, amyg- 
dalae placenta. A., sweet, amygdala dulcis. A. of 
the throat, tonsil. 
Alnus. Alder. A. commu'nis, A. glutinosa. A. 
fran'gula, Ehamnus frangula. A. glau'ca, A. in- 
cana. A. glutino'sa, European alder; bark and 
leaves are astringent and bitter; hence employed in 
intermittents and as tonic and astringent, and ex- 
ternally leaves are applied to sweating feet, and to 
the breast as an antigalactic. A. inca'na, tag alder, 
plant common in United States and Canada; bark is 
used, externally and internally, as haemostatic in all 
forms of hemorrhage. A. ni'gra, Ehamnus frangula. 
A. serrula'ta, American alder, has similar properties 
to A. glutinosa. 
Alo. Adansonia digitata. 
Alocasia (al-o-kah'se-ah) monta'na. E. Indian 
variety of genus Colocasia; juice is stimulant and 
rubefacient. 
Alochia, al-o'ke-ah (a, locheia, lochia). Absence of 
lochial discharge. 
Al'oe or Al'oe (Arab.). Aloes. Nat. ord. Liliaceae. 
A. Africa'na, Cape aloes. A. America'na, Agave 
Americana. A. Barbaden'sis, Aloes hepatica. A. ca- 
balli'na, horse aloes, fetid aloes; used chiefly for 
horses; collected in Spain and Portugal, and very 
coarse. A. Capen'sis, Cape aloes. A. Dioscor'idis, 
Barbadoes aloes. A., false, Agave virginica. A. fe'- 
rox, Cape aloes. A. hepat'ica, hepatic aloes, Bombay 
or Barbadoes aloes; disagreeable taste and odor; 
cathartic. A. lu'cida, Socotrine aloes. A. Natalen'- 
sis, Natal aloes. A. perfolia'ta, a source of Cape 
aloes. A. Perryi, a source of Socotrine aloes. A. pu- 
rifica'ta, aloes, purified. A. root, Aletris farinosa. 
A. spica'ta, Cape aloes. A. variega'ta, Mexican 
species of aloes; juice is cathartic and anthelmintic. 
A. vulga'ris, Indian and African plant, cultivated in 
West Indies; important source of Barbadoes aloes. 
Aloedarium, al-o-a-dar'e-um. Aloedary. Com- 
pound medicine containing aloes. 
Aloeresin, al-o-res'in. Aloes resin. 
Al'oes. Inspissated juice of the aloe. A., Amer'- 
ican, Agave Americana. A., Barba'does, A. hepat- 
ica. A., bastard, Agave Americana. A., Beth'els- 
dorf, see Aloes, Cape. A., blue, Agave Americana. 
A., Bombay', A. hepatica. A., cab'alline, Aloe cabal- 
lina. A., Cape, shining aloes; cheap and excellent 
form of aloes, collected at Cape of Good Hope from 
Aloe ferox, A. Africana, A. spicata, and other species. 
Finest kind, collected at Bethelsdorf, is called Bethels- 
dorf aloes. A., cen'tury, Agave Americana. A., 
41 
ALPHA 
East India, A., Socotrine. A., extract of, extractum 
aloes. A., fet'id, Aloes caballina. A. Gulniensis, A. 
caballina. A., hepat'ic, Aloe hepatica. A., horse, A. 
caballina. A., In'dian, Bombay aloes. A., insol- 
uble, aloes resin. A., liv'er, Aloe hepatica. A., Na- 
tal', variety of aloes from Natal. A., pills of, see 
Pilulse aloes, etc. A., pu'rified, aloes purified by ac- 
tion of alcohol. A. res'in, resinous substance de- 
posited from hot-water solution of aloes on cooling; 
supposed to be cause of griping produced by aloes. 
A. root, Aletris farinosa. A., shin'ing, Cape aloes. 
A., Soc'otrine or Socoto'ra, Turkey or East India 
aloes; is the best species. It is cathartic, warm, and 
stimulating; emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and sto- 
machic. As a cathartic it affects the rectum chiefly. 
Dose, as a cathartic, gr. v to Qj in pill. Chief con- 
stituent is aloin, a glucoside, named, according to 
kind of aloes, socaloin, barbadaloin, etc. See Extractum, 
Tinctura, Pilula, etc. A., translu'cent, aloes, Socotrine. 
A., Tur'key, A., Socotrine. A., Turkistan, aloes, 
Bombay. A., vulga'ris orv. extrac'tum, Aloe hepatica. 
A. wood, agallochum. A., Zan'zibar, aloes, Socotrine. 
A., Zocotori'na or Zocotri'na, A., Socotrine. 
Aloesin, al-o'a-sin.. Aloin. 
Al'oes-wood. Various plants have been credited 
with the production of this wood, which, when 
burned, gives rise to a stimulating perfume. 
Aloetic, al-o-et'ik. Preparation containing aloes. 
A. acid, is obtained from aloes by act- 
ing upon it with nitric acid. 
Aloetica, al-o-et'ik-ah. Remedies containing aloes. 
Aloetin, al-o'e-tin. See Aloin. 
Aloexylon, al-o-eks'il-on (xulon, wood). Agallo- 
chum. 
Aloghermaphroditia, al-og-her-maf-ro-dish'e-ah 
(alogos, abnormal, hermaphroditos, hermaphrodite). 
Hermaphroditism. 
Alogia, ah-lo'ge-ah (logos, word). Impossibility of 
speaking, from defect in formation of ideas. 
Alogotrophy, al-o-got'ro-fe (alogos, disproportionate, 
trophe, nutrition). Irregular nutrition ; irregular man- 
ner in which nutrition of bones is effected in rickets. 
Alogous, al'og-us (a, logos, discourse). Unable to 
speak; not clear in ideas. 
Aloin, al'o-in. Name given to bitter glucoside 
obtained from different varieties of aloes, and hence 
called barbaloin, socaloin, etc. Dose as cathartic, half 
a grain to three grains. The soluble uncrystallizable 
principle of which aloes mainly consists is called 
aloetin, dose of which is slightly less than that of 
aloes. 
Aloniania, al-o-man'e-ah (hals, salt). Mania or 
craving for salt. 
Alon'soa. Plant of Peru, anodyne and stomachic. 
Alopeces, al-o'pa-ses (alopex, fox, being strong in 
that animal). Psoas muscles. 
Alopecia, al-o-pa'she-a (alopex, fox, this animal 
being said to be subject to the affection). Baldness; 
falling off or loss of hair. When confined to the crown 
of the head, it is called calvities, although the terms 
are often used synonymously. When congenital, it is 
called atrichia or alopecia adnata; falling off of hair 
in old age is termed alopecia senilis. A. adna'ta, see 
Alopecia. A. a'rea or area'ta, porrigo decalvans. A. 
circumscrip'ta, porrigo decalvans. A. furfura'cea, 
pityriasis capitis. A. neurit'ica, alopecia consequent 
on neuritis. A. neurot'ica, baldness produced by 
disease of nervous system. A. partialis, porrigo 
decalvans. A. pityroides, baldness from parasitic 
growth, as on scalp; see Seborrhwa. A. praeseni'lis, 
premature loss of hair before old age. A. senilis, 
alopecia of old persons. A. syphilit'ica, alopecia due 
to syphilitic origin. A. trichophyt'ina, loss of hair 
from Tinea trichophytina. A. un'guis, onychoptosis. 
Alosa menhaden, al-o'sah men-had'en. Menha- 
den fish, oil of which has been used, like cod-liver 
oil, internally. 
Aloy'sia citriodo'ra. Lemon verbena, growing in S. 
America; leaves are stimulant and antispasmodic. 
Alpha oxynaphthoic acid, al'fa ocks-in-af'tho-ik 
as'id. Disinfectant obtained from naphthol. ALPHA-ORCEIN 
Alpha-orcein, al'fah-or'se-in. Term applied to 
substance supposed to compose orcein of archil. 
Alpha-orsellic acid, al'fah-or-sel'lik as-id. Sub- 
stance found in orchella containing the colorific mat- 
ter. 
Alpha-resin, al'fah-res'in. Term applied to one of 
the two resins of colophony. 
Alphelasma, al-fel-as'mah (alphos, white). Disease 
of mucous membrane of mouth and lips, characterized 
by grayish-white spots. 
Alphicus, alf'ik-us (alphos, leprosy). Leprosy-curer. 
AVphita. Nux vomica. 
Alphitedon, alf-it-e'don (alphiton, meal). Com- 
minuted fracture. 
Alphiton (alf'it-on) or Alphitum, alf'it-um. Fa- 
rina ; any kind of meal; toasted barley-meal. Food 
composed of Indian meal, cheese, etc. See Farina. 
Alphodeopsoriasis, al-fo-da-o-sor-e'as-is (alphos, lep- 
rosy). Psoriasis having appearance of leprosy. 
Alphodermia, al-fo-dur'me-ah (alphos, white, derma, 
skin). Achromatosis; albinism. 
Alphonsin, al-fon'sin. Bullet forceps, called from 
inventor, Alphonso Ferri of Naples. 
Alphos, al'fos (alphos, white). Lepra alphoides, 
psoriasis, vitiligo, alphus. A. achromato'sis, albinism. 
A. albinism. A. a'grius, psoriasis agria. 
A. confer'tus, herpes scrophulosus. A. gutta'tus, 
psoriasis guttata. A. linguae, eruptive lingual disease, 
like psoriasis. A. papulo'sus, psoriasis. A. puncta'- 
tus, punctate or pointed form of psoriasis. A. pus- 
tulo'sus, pustular psoriasis. A. universa'lis, general 
psoriasis. 
Alphous, al'fus. Relating to lepra alphoides. 
Alphus, al'fus. Alphos; scrofulous pustular disease. 
A. confer'tus, form of clustered impetigo. A. leu'ce, 
vitiligo with white spots. A. spar'sus, scattered form 
of ecthyma. 
Alpinia (al - pin' e - ah) (after Prosper Alpinus) 
allughas. Species growing in India, anodyne, emmen- 
agogue, and antiarthritic. A. aromat'ica, species grow- 
ing in Guiana, carminative. A. cardamo'mum, Amo- 
mum cardamomum. A. exalta'ta, Renealmia exaltata. 
A. galan'ga, Maranta galanga. A. racemo'sa, species 
of Guiana and West Indies; root is used as external 
application to cancerous tumors and ulcers. A. tubu- 
la'ta, Renealmia exaltata. 
Alpi'us bal'samum. See Balsamum alpini. 
Alsan'ders. Smyrnium olusatrum. 
Alseodapbne amara, al-se-o-daf'ne am-ar'ah. 
Species of lauraceous plant of Brazil; bark is aromatic 
tonic. A. cymba'rum, Brazilian tree, bark of which 
is bitter aromatic tonic; yields laurel oil, used in 
joint affections. A. opif'era, from bark of which 
species balsam is procured, used externally for rheu- 
matism. 
Alsidium (al-sid'e-um) Blodget'ti. Grows in North 
America; used in scrofula and phthisis. A. helmin- 
thochor'ton, Corallina Corsicana. 
Alsine avicularum (al-se'na av-ik-u-lah'rum), or 
me'dia, or vulga'ris (alsos, a grove). Mouse-ear, Chick- 
weed, Chickenwort. Ord. Caryophyllaceee. This plant 
boiled may be eaten like spinach, and externally is 
used as emollient poultice. 
Alstonamine, al-sto'nam-een. Alkaloid derived 
from bark of Alstonia spectabilis. 
Alstonia, al-sto'ne-ah (after Prof. C. Alston of Ed- 
inburgh) or A. constric'ta, Native quinine, Australian 
fever-tree, Bitter hark of Australia, nat. ord. Apocynacese. 
Species of Alstonia growing in Australia, bark of which 
is antiperiodic. A. schola'ris, devil-tree; tree of East 
Indies, from which dita-bark is obtained; used in 
dysentery. A. spectab'ilis, tree indigenous to Java; 
antiperiodic. A. thesefor'mis, Santa Fe tea; plant of 
New Mexico, leaves of which are used as tea. A. ve- 
nen'ata, species of East Indies, having poisonous juice. 
Alstonicine (al-ston'is-een), Alstonidine (al-ston'- 
id-een), and Alstonine, al'sto-neen. Alkaloids from 
alstonia-bark; antiperiodic and stimulant. 
Alstroeme'ria (after Alstroemer of Gothenburg). 
Source of Talcuahana arrow-root; several species yield 
arrow-root. 
42 
ALUMEN 
Al'ter (alter, other). To begin menstruation; to 
castrate. A. sex'us, " the other sex;" female sex. 
Alterant, awl'ter-ant. Alterative. 
Alterantia nervina, al-ter-an'she-ah ner-ve'nah. 
Nervous alteratives; term given to substances whose 
use is followed by changes in the cerebrum and is 
accompanied by disturbance of the intellectual fac- 
ulties. 
Alteration, awl - ter - a' shun (alter, other). Any 
change, as in expression of countenance, structure of 
organ, or nature of fluids excreted, as milk, wine, etc.; 
intense thirst in disease; castration. A. the'ory, see 
Difference theory. 
Alterative, awl'ter-a-tiv. Agent producing a salu- 
tary change in disease by improving the nutrition of 
the body, without exciting sensible evacuation or any 
very marked action on individual organs; such reme- 
dies have hence been called eutrophics, or improvers 
of nutrition. The chief alteratives are arsenic, 
iodine, cod-liver oil, gold, and mercury. See Materia 
Medica (table). Also that which causes thirst. 
Altercangenon (awl-ter-can'ge-non) or Altercum, 
awl-ter'kum. Hyoscyamus. 
Altered, awl'terd. Castrated. 
Alternate, awl-tur'nate. Opposite, successive; as 
A. hemiplegia, paralysis of one side of the face, ac- 
companied with paralysis of the limb on opposite side. 
Alternation. Opposite condition or succession ; as 
A. of generation, difference in progeny from parents 
of same species, with reproduction afterward of orig- 
inal form. 
Althaea (al-the'ah) or A. officina'lis (altheo, to heal). 
Marshmallow, ord. Malvaceae. Leaves, althtese folia, 
and root, a. radix, contain much mucilage; are emol- 
lient and demulcent. Althaea (Ph. U. S.) is the root of 
Althaea officinalis; alkaloids, asparagin and altheein, are 
derived from it; former is sedative and diuretic in 
ascites and gout. 
Altheus, al-tha'us (altheus, one who cures). Phy- 
sician or surgeon. 
Althexis, al-thecks'is (althexis, act of healing). Cure; 
act of curing. 
Althos, al'thos (althos, cure). Medicament. 
Altrix, al'triks (alo, to nourish). Foster-mother; 
wet-nurse. 
Alucinatio, al-u-sin-a'she-o. Hallucination. 
Alula, al'u-la (dim. of ala, wing). Little wing. 
Al'um. Alumen, aluminii et ammonii sulphas, Sym- 
phytum. A., ammo'nia, or A., ammoni'acal, aluminii 
et ammonii sulphas. A., ammoniofer'ric, ferri et am- 
monii sulphas. A., burnt, alumen exsiccatum. A., 
car'mine, fluid used for staining, made of carmine 
boiled in solution of alum. A. cat'aplasm, coagulum 
aluminis. A., com'mon, alumen commune. A. curd, 
coagulum aluminis. A., dried, alumen exsiccatum. 
A., Egyp'tian, TEgyptia stypteria. A., English, com- 
mon alum. A. oini/ment, ointment consisting of tur- 
pentine, lard, and powdered alum. A. potas'sa, alu- 
men. A. poul'tice, coagulum aluminis. A., rock, 
alumen commune. A., Ro'man, alumen Romanum. 
A. root, astringent root of Heuchera Americana and 
Geranium maculatum; see Geranium and Heuchera. 
A., solution of, com'pound, liquor aluminis com- 
positus. A. water, solution of alum in water. A. 
whey, liquid separated when milk is coagulated by 
powdered alum. 
Alumen, al-u'men (Arabic term, alum or als, salt). 
Alum, Sulphate of aluminium and potassium (Ph.U.S.). 
Potassa alum. Has sweetish taste; soluble in water; as- 
tringent and emetic. Dose as an emetic, a teaspoonful; 
as an astringent, gr. v-xx. Used externally in solu- 
tion and as a gargle. A. ammo'nio-fer'ricus, sulphate 
of iron and ammonia; astringent. A. calclna'tum, 
dried or burnt alum. A. catinum, potash of com- 
merce. A. commu'ne, Common alum, English alum, 
Rock alum, the variety usually employed. Generally 
in large, white, semitransparent masses; has sweet- 
ish, styptic taste; effloresces in air, and is soluble in 
water. A. crystal'linum, common alum. -A. exsic- 
ca'tum, Burnt alum, Dried alum. Alum melted in 
an earthen vessel until ebullition ceases, the water ALUMINA 
of crystallization being driven off. Escharotic. A. 
factit'ium, common alum. A. fse'cum, see Potash. 
A. kinosa'tum, pulvis sulphatis aluminas compositus. 
A. ru'peum, A. commune. A. sicca'tum, alumen ex- 
siccatum. A. us'teum, A. exsiccatum. 
Alumina, al-u'min-ah. Oxide of aluminium, used 
as astringent in diarrhoea and dysentery. A., a'cetate 
of, aluminii acetas. A. acet'ica, aluminii acetas. A. 
and ammo'nia, sulphate of, aluminii et ammonii sul- 
phas. A., ben'zinated solution of, see Aluminii sul- 
phas. A. depura'ta, argilia pura. A. pura, argilia 
pura. 
Aluminated copper, al-u'min-a-ted kop'per. Prep- 
aration formerly used as a collyrium. 
Alumin'ii ace'tas. Aluminium acetate. Deliques- 
cent salt having same properties as aluminium sul- 
phate. Has been used externally in parasitic skin dis- 
eases and as antiseptic. A. et ammo'nii sul'phas (Ph. 
U. S.), sulphate of aluminium and ammonium, ammo- 
nia alum; combination of sulphate of aluminium and 
sulphate of ammonium. Term alum was at one time 
officinally applied to this salt. A. chlo'ridum, AI2CI6, 
colorless, deliquescent salt; disinfectant. A. hy'dras 
(Ph. U. S.), hydrate of aluminium, mild astringent for 
external use. A. ox'idum, argilia pura. A. et potas'- 
sii hypersul'phas, alumen. A. et potassii sulphas, 
alumen (Ph. U. S.). A. et potas'sii supersul'phas, 
alumen. A. sul'phas (Ph. U. S.), sulphate of alumin- 
ium, S. of alumina; made by direct combination of alu- 
mina and sulphuric acid, or by double decomposition 
from sulphate of aluminium and carbonate of so- 
dium ; dissolving precipitate in' dilute sulphuric acid. 
Deliquescent salt, antiseptic and detergent to ulcers, 
astringent, escharotic, and disinfectant; is used as an 
injection in fetid abscesses, leucorrhcea, etc., and as a 
gargle in throat affections; chiefly used to preserve 
dead bodies, a strong solution-one pound in two 
pints of water-being injected into the arteries. A. 
sul'phas acid'ulus cum potassa, alumen. A. sul'- 
phas fu'sus, alumen exsiccatum. 
Aluminium (al-u-min'e-um), a'cetate of. Aluminii 
acetas. A. a'ceto-tar'trate has been employed some- 
times in place of carbolic and salicylic acids. A. and 
ammo'nium sul'phate, aluminii et ammonii sulphas. 
A., chlo'ride of, chloralum. A., hy'drate of, white, 
tasteless powder, formed by precipitating solution of 
alum with sodium carbonate. A. and iron, sulphate 
of, formed by dissolving alumina and carbonate of 
iron in sulphuric acid; astringent, styptic, and vermi- 
fuge. A., o'leate of, see Oleates. A. and potassium 
sulphate, alumen. A., sul'phate of, aluminii sulphas. 
A., tan'nate of, see Tannin. 
Aluminosis, al-u-min-o'sis. Condition of bronchial 
irritation noticed in workers in porcelain, the dust of 
clay used being deposited in the lungs. 
Al'ums. Name given to group of salts resembling 
common alum. 
Alus (a'lus) or A. Gal'lica. Symphytum. 
Alusia, al-u'ze-ah. Hallucination. Abstinence from 
washing. A. hypochondri'asis, hypochondriasis. 
Aluta, al-u'tah. Leather for spreading plaster; 
cosmetic. 
Alvearium, al-ve-ar'e-um (alveus, cavity). Exter- 
nal auditory canal. 
Alveary, al've-ar-e. See Alvearium. 
Al'veloz or Al'veoloz. Syrupy juice from Euphor- 
bia heterodoxia, suggested as topical suppurative ap- 
plication in cancer; also diuretic. 
Alveolar, al-ve'o-lar (dim. of alveus, cavity). Hav- 
ing small cavities; relating to alveoli or sockets of 
teeth. A. ab'scess, parulis. A. ar'ches, arches 
formed by arches or borders of the two jaws, which 
are hollowed by alveoli. A. ar'tery, supramaxillary 
artery, arises from internal maxillary, descends be- 
hind tuberosity of upper jaw, and gives branches to 
upper molar teeth, gums, periosteum, membrane of 
maxillary sinus, and buccinator muscle. A. bor'der, 
part of jaws hollowed by alveoli. A. can'cer, col- 
loid cancer. A. ducts, minute canals passing from 
terminal bronchioles to pulmonary air-vesicles. A. 
mem'brane, delicate membrane between teeth and 
43 
! ALYMPHIA 
alveoli, formed by portion of sac or follicle enclosing 
the tooth before it pierces the gum; has been called al- 
veolo-dental periosteum. A. nerves, dental branches 
of maxillary nerves. A. pas'sages, terminal branches 
of bronchioles. A. point, central point in front of 
upper alveolar arch, used in measurements of skull. 
A. pro'cess, thick border of upper and lower jaw, 
pierced with alveoli in sockets of teeth. A. sarco'ma, 
form of sarcoma in which cells are arranged in alveoli. 
A. of sto'mach, etc., honeycomb depressions in 
stomach and other parts of alimentary canal. A. 
struc'ture, name given to honeycomb depressions 
in the mucous membrane of the stomach and other 
parts of the alimentary canal. A. veins have sim- 
ilar distribution with the artery. 
Alveolarium, al-va-o-lar'e-um. External auditory 
canal. 
Alveolate, al-ve'o-late. Full of small cavities. 
Alveolez, al-va'o-lez. Alveloz. 
Alveoli (al-va'o-le) and A. den'tis. Sockets of the 
teeth. A. larynge'i, ventricles of the larynx. A. 
of lungs, air-cells. A. of lymphatic glands, small 
spaces in lymphatic glands, formed by trabeculae and 
containing adenoid tissue. A. Morgagnli, ventricles 
of the larynx. A. pulmo'num, air-cells. 
Alveoliform, al-ve'o-le-form. Having small spaces 
or alveoli. 
Alveolitis, al-va-o-le'tis. Inflammation of socket 
of tooth. 
Alveolo-coudyle'an angle and plane. Angles and 
planes in facial measurement taken with alveolar arch 
and condyles of occipital bone as chief points. 
Alve'olo-cuta'neous mus'cle. Orbicularis oris. 
Alveolo-dental periosteum, al-ve'o-lo-den'tal pe-re- 
os'te-um. Alveolar membrane or periodontium. 
Alveolo-labial (al-ve'o-lo-la'be-al) mus'cle. Buc- 
cinator muscle; molaris externus and internus. 
Alveolo-lingual groove, al-ve'o-lo-lin'gwal groov. 
Groove between lower jaw and tongue. 
Alveolo-maxillary (al-ve'o-lo maks'il-la-re) mus'- 
cle. Buccinator. 
Alveolo-nasal (al-ve'o-lo-na'sal) muscle. Depressor 
alee nasi. 
Alveolus, al-va'o-lus. Sockets of the teeth, into 
which they are, as it were, driven. Their size and 
shape are determined by the teeth which they re- 
ceive. They are pierced at apex by small holes, 
giving passage to dental vessels and nerves; air-cell; 
pits in mucous membrane of stomach, intestines, 
etc. 
Alveus, al'va-us (cavity). Auricle or ventricle of 
the heart; see Auge. A. ampulles'cens or ampul- 
lo'sus, thoracic duct, receptaculum chyli. A. com- 
mu'nis, see Semicircular canals. A. larynge'us, sac- 
culus laryngis. A. pulmo'nis, air-cell of lung; one 
connected with infundibulum of lung is called termi- 
nal alveolus. A. urogenita'lis, prostatic vesicle. A. 
utriculo'sus, utricle. 
Alvi adstrictio (al've ad-strick'she-o) or astrictio, 
ah-strik'she-o. Constipation. A. excre'tio, defecation. 
A. flux'us or flux'us aquo'sus or lax'itas or proflu'- 
vium, diarrhoea. 
Alviducus, al-ve-du'kus (alvus, abdomen, duco, to 
lead). Laxative. 
Alvifluxus, al-ve-fluks'us (alvus, belly, fluxus, flux). 
Diarrhoea. 
Al vine, al'vine (alvus, abdomen). Relating to the 
abdomen or bowels, as alvine discharges, A. flux. 
Alvum evacuans, al'vum e-vak'u-ans. Cathartic. 
Al'vus. Abdomen, uterus, excrement, diar- 
rhoea. A. adstric'ta or astric'ta, constipation. A. 
ci'ta, diarrhoea. A. coac'ta, constipation. A. com- 
pac'ta or compres'sa or constipa'ta, constipation. 
A. du'ra, constipation. A. flu'ens or flu'ida or 
fu'sa or liq'uidus or mol'lls, diarrhoea. A. re'nis or 
re'num, pelvis of kidney. A. seg'nis, constipation. 
A. solu'ta, diarrhoea. A. suppres'sa or tarda or 
te'nax, constipation. A. vir'idis, dejection. 
Alyce, al'e-sa. Anxiety. 
Alymphia, ah-limf'e-ah (a, lympha, lymph). De- 
ficiency of lymph. ALYPIA 
Alypia, ah-lip'e-ah. Absence of pain. 
Alypon, ah'lip-on (a, lupe, pain). Acrid purging 
plant, Globularia alypum. 
Alysis (al'is-is) or Alysmus, al-is'mus. Anxiety. 
Alyssum, ah-lis'sum («, lussa, hydrophobia). Several 
species have been used in treatment of insanity and 
hydrophobia. A. Plin'ii, galium mollugo. 
Alyssus, ah-lis'sus (a, lyssa). Antihydrophobic. 
Alyxia aromatica (ah-liks'e-ah ar-o-mat'ik-ah) or 
Rein'wardii or Stella ta. Plant, aromatic bark ol 
which resembles Canella alba; antipyretic. 
Alyxis, ah-liks'is. Alysis. 
Am, as prefix, like Amphi. 
Amabile, am-ab'il-a (lovely, amo, to love). Lacuna 
or depression in upper lip. 
Amadou, am'ad-ou. Fungus, Agaric or Touchwood, 
used to stop hemorrhage and as dressing for wounds. 
Amalgam, am-al'gam (ama, with, gameo, to unite). 
Mixture of mercury and other metals; amalgam of 
silver used, in dentistry, for filling teeth. 
Amalgamation, am - al - ga - ma' shun. Mixture of 
races. 
Amamelis, am-am-a'lis. Hamamelis. 
Amandin, am-an'din. Albuminous substance in 
sweet almonds. 
Amanita muscaria, ah-man-e'tah mus-kar'e-ah. 
Agaricus muscarius. 
Amanitas, ah-man-e'te (a, mania, madness). Name 
given by Greeks and Romans to edible mushrooms. 
Amanitine, ah-man'it-een. Agaricine. 
Amara, am-ar'ah. Bitters. A. alkaloid'ea, bitter 
alkaloids. A. aromat'ica or cal'ida, aromatic bitter 
tonics. A. dul'cis, dulcamara. A. tetan'ica, tetanic 
bitters, as strychnia. 
Amaracum (am-ar'ak-um) or Amaracus, am-ar'- 
ak-us. Origanum majorana. A. tomento'sus, Origa- 
num dictamnus. 
Amar'se. Bitters. See Amarus. Depressions in 
outer ear. 
Amaranthus (am-ar-an'thus) or Amarantus, am-ar- 
an'tus. Genus of herbs of nat. ord. Amaranthacese, 
several species of which are used in medicine, as 
A. campestris, demulcent; A. caudatus, astringent; A. 
cernua, astringent; A. debilis, antisyphilitic; A. hypo- 
chondriacus, prince's feather, astringent; A. spicatus, 
diuretic; A. spinosa, an Indian shrub, the fresh 
root of which is used in gonorrhoea. 
Amargosin, am - ar' go - sin. Active principle of 
Castela Nicholsoni. 
Amarin, am - ar' in. An alkaloid from bitter 
almonds, with the formula C21H18O2. 
Amaritas (am-ar'it-as), Amarities (am-ar-ish'e-es), 
Amaritudo (am-ar-it-u'do), or Amaror, am-ar'or. 
Bitterness. 
Amarthritis, am-arth-re'tis. General gouty inflam- 
mation of joints. 
Amarucachu. Polianthes tuberosa. 
Amarulence, am-ar'u-lence. Bitterness. 
Amarum, am-ar'um. Bitter magnesium sulphate. 
A. dul'ce, dulcamara. 
Amarus, am-ar'us. Bitter. The bitter principle 
of vegetables is the great natural tonic, and hence 
bitters, so termed collectively, belong to the class of 
tonics. 
Amaryllis (am-ar-il'lis) belladon'na. Belladonna 
lily; emetic. A. eques'tris, poisonous West Indian 
plant. A. formosis'sima, Mexican plant, bulbs of 
which are emetic. A. Zeylon'ica, Asiatic species; 
bulb is diuretic. 
Amarythrin, am - ar' ith - rin (amarus, bitter, and 
erythrin). Bitter extract derived from erythrin. 
Amasesls (ah-mas-a'sis), Amasse'sis, or Amaste'- 
sis (a, masesis, mastication). Impeded or impracti- 
cable mastication. 
Amastia, ah-mas'te-ah (a, mastos, breast). Absence 
of breast; absence of nipple. 
Amastozoarius, ah-mas-to-zo-ar'e-us (a, mastos. 
breast, soon, animal). Animal or tribe devoid of 
breasts. 
Ama'te. Milky fluid pressed from Picus Benja- 
mina of Mexico. 
44 
AMBITUS 
Amathia, ah-math'e-ah. Amazia. 
Amatorii (am-at-o're-e) mus'culi. Oblique mus- 
cles of eye. 
Amatorium, am-at-o're-um. Lacuna or depression 
on the upper lip. A. veneflc'ium, philter. 
Amatorius musculus, am-at-o're-us mus'ku-lus. 
Oblique muscle of eye. 
Amaurosis, am-o-ro'sis {amauros, obscure, and osis). 
Formerly called Drop serene, Gutta serena, Black cata- 
ract, Nervous blindness, and then defined as diminution 
or complete loss of sight, generally owing to loss of 
power of the optic nerve or retina-optic anaesthesia- 
from primary or degenerative atrophy of that nerve; 
but the ophthalmoscope has shown that these cases are 
usually referable to diseases of the choroid, retina, or 
optic nerve. At the present day amaurosis seems to be 
a synonym for total blindness. A., albuminu'ric, A. 
due to retinitis of albuminuria. A. alcohol'ica, A. 
due to excessive use of alcohol. In like manner we 
have A. arthrit'ica, due to gout; A. aton'ica, from 
debility; A., cat's-eye, see Amaurotic cat's-eye; A., 
cer'ebral, A. from pressure on optic nerve. A. com- 
pressions, from pressure of optic nerve; A. con- 
gesti'va, from congestion of the brain; A., diabe'tic, 
A. due to diabetic retinitis. A. dimidia'ta, hemiopia. 
A., diur'nal, nyctalopia. A. epilep'tica, A. occurring 
during epileptic seizure. A., epilep'tiform or epilep'- 
toid, retinal epilepsy, being sudden attack of blind- 
ness not necessarily occurring in epileptics. A. 
exanthemat'ica, A. accompanying eruptive diseases. 
A. gravida'rum, A. occurring in puerperal state. A. 
imperfec'ta, hyperamaurosis. A. intermit'tens, A. 
accompanying intermittent fever. A. lactan'tium, 
A. occurring during lactation. A., noctur'nal, hem- 
eralopia. A. partia'lis fu'gax, form of transient ob- 
scuration of vision happening alone or in connection 
with migraine. A., re'flex, A. due to irritation of 
sensory nerve. A. spinalis, A. due to lesion of 
spinal cord. A., tobac'co, tobacco amblyopia or 
amaurosis. A. urse'mica, A. due to renal disease. 
Amaurotic, am-or-ot'ik. Affected with amaurosis. 
A. cat's eye, amaurotic affection, with remarkable 
change of color in pupil, presenting, apparently in 
fundus of eye, lighter tint, instead of natural clear 
black. It is due to morbid growths or deposit from 
inflammation. 
Amaxophobia,am-aks-o-fo'be-ah {amaxa, wagon, pho- 
bos, fear). Nervous dread of riding in a wagon or car. 
Amazia, ah-maz'e-ah (a, mazos, breast). Monstrosity 
with absence of one or both breasts. 
Amb, as a prefix. See Am. 
Am'bar or Ambarum (am'bar-um) or A. cinerit'ium. 
Ambergris. 
Ambe, am'ba (ambaino, to ascend). Border of 
orbit; superficial eminence or crest on a bone; old 
surgical machine for reducing dislocations of the 
shoulder. 
Ambelania acida, am-bel-an'e-ah as'id-ah. Fruit 
is eaten in French Guiana 'as cure for dysentery. 
Amber, am'bur. Succinum. A., acid of, succinic 
acid. A., cam'phor, volatile resin of camphor. A., 
gray, ambergris. A., liquid, see Liquidamber styraci- 
flua. A., oil of, oleum succini. A., yellow, suc- 
cinum. 
Ambergris, am'bur-grese. Gray amber, concrete 
substance of consistence of wax, cineritious color, 
and exhaling a pleasant odor. It is probably formed in 
intestines of spermaceti whale, and voided with its 
excrement. It is antispasmodic and excitant, and 
employed as a perfume. 
Ambi, am'be. Ambe. 
Ambicus, am'bik-us. Alembic. 
Ambidexter, am-be-deks'tur {ambo, both, dexter, 
right). One who uses both hands with equal facility. 
Such a person is Ambidex'trous; the condition is Ambi- 
dexterity or Ambidex' trousness. 
Ambiltevus, am-be-le'vus {ambo, Isevus, left). Op- 
posite condition to ambidextrous. 
Ambiopia, am-be-o'pe-ah {ambo, ops, eye). Double 
vision. 
Ambitus, am'bit-us. Circumference. A. cerebel'li, AMBLIOPIA 
space including cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and 
pons Varolii. A. genitaTis mulie'bris, vestibule of 
genital organs of female. 
Ambliopia, am-ble-o'pe-ah. Amblyopia. 
Ambloma (am-blo'mah), or Amblosis (am-blo'sis), 
or Amblosmus, am-bloz'mus {blosko, to go). Abor- 
tion. 
Amblothridion (am-blo-thrid'e-on) or Amblothrid- 
ium, am-blo-thrid'e-um. Product of untimely birth. 
Abortifacient. 
Amblotic, am-blot'ik. Abortive; producing abor- 
tion. 
Ambly, am'ble {amblus, obscure). In composition, 
obscure. 
Amblyaphia, am-ble-af'e-ah {ambly, haphe, feeling). 
Dulness of sense of touch. 
Amblyogmus, am-ble-og'mus. Amblyopia. 
Am'blyope. One affected with amblyopia. 
Amblyopia, am-ble-o'pe-ah {ambly, ops, eye). 
Feebleness of sight. Impairment of vision caused 
by irregularities in nervous system or circulation, 
congenital or from mechanical injury, poisons, 
etc. The term is now usually restricted to those 
cases of weak sight which cannot be relieved by 
suitable glasses; the condition may be congeni- 
tal. See Nyctalopia, Hemeralopia. A. amaurot/ica, 
blindness from atrophy of nervous apparatus of 
vision. A. ex anopzsia, A. from non-use of eye when 
excluded for any length of time from binocular vis- 
ion. A. centra'lis sim'plex, simple variety of A., 
with slight hyperemic condition of disc, and obscured 
edges. A. crepuscula'ris, hemeralopia. A. diabez- 
tica, A. occurring in diabetes; usually slight hyper- 
semia is visible. A. dissito'rum, myopia. A. giyco- 
su'ric, A. diabetica. A., lead, A. saturnina. A. 
lu'minis, hemeralopia. A. meridia'na, nyctalopia. 
A. nicotia'na, see A., tobacco. A., noctur'nal, hemer- 
alopia. A. potato'rum, amblyopia of drunkards; 
alcoholic amblyopia. A. proximo'rum, presbytia. A. 
saturni'na, A. from lead-poisoning. A., tobac'co, 
A. from abuse of tobacco; resembles alcoholic am- 
blyopia. A., ure'mic, form of the disease due to 
uremic blood-poisoning, such as occurs in Bright's 
disease. 
Amblyopic, am-ble-op'ik. Relating to or affected 
with amblyopia. 
Amblyopsa (am-ble-op'sah) or Amblyopsia, am-ble- 
op'se-ah. Amblyopia. 
Amblyopy, am-ble'o-pe. Amblyopia. 
Amblyosmos, am-ble-os'mos. Amblyopia. 
Amblys, am'blys. Weak or weak-sighted. 
Ambolic, am-bol'ik {ballo, to cast out). Abortive; 
producing abortion. 
Am/bon {ambon, raised rim of shield or dish). Fibro- 
cartilaginous ring surrounding articular cavity, as 
glenoid cavity of scapula, acetabulum, etc.; supercil- 
iary arch; circumference of orbit of eye. 
Amboyna (am-boi'na) butt'on or pim'ple. Syphili- 
form disease at one time epidemic in island of Am- 
boyna. 
Ambra, am'brah. Amber. A. ambrosi'aca, am- 
bergris. A. cinera'cea, ambergris. A. gris'ea, am- 
bergris. A. liq'uida, storax. 
Ambre'ic acid. Acid produced by treating ambrein 
with nitric acid. 
Ambrein, am'bre-in. Constituent of ambergris re- 
sembling cholesterin. 
Ambrina ambrosioides, am-bre'nah am-bro-ze-o-i'- 
des. Chenopodium ambrosioides. A. anthelmin'tica, 
Chenopodium anthelminticum. A. bot'rys, Chenopo- 
dium botrys. 
Ambrosia, am-bro'ze-ah {brotos, mortal). Genus of 
Composite. Food which makes immortal, or food of 
the gods; Chenopodium botrys. A. artemistefo'lia, 
Hag-weeil, Bitterweed, Roman wormwood. Grows in 
North America. Astringent and antiperiodic. A. 
ela'tior, ragweed. A. marit'ima, plant growing on 
shores of Levant, having pleasant, bitter, aromatic 
taste; given in infusion as tonic and antispasmodic. 
A. trif'ida, Horseweed, Richweed, Horsemint, Horsecane, 
Bitterweed, Great or Tall ragweed, Wild hemp. Indige- 
45 
AMENS 
nous in all parts of United States; astringent, stimu- 
lant, antiperiodic. Infusion has been used locally in 
mercurial salivation. 
Ambulacral, am-bu-lak'ral {ambulacrum, private 
walk). Relating to locomotion. 
Ambulance, am'bu-lance {ambulo, to walk). Military 
hospital attached to an army, and moving along with 
it; vehicle for conveyance of sick and wounded. 
Ambulans (am'bu-lans) or Ambulant, am'bu-lant. 
Ambulatory. 
Ambulation, am-bu-la'shun {ambulo, to walk). 
Act of walking. 
Ambulative, am'bu-la-tiv. Ambulatory. 
Ambulatory (am'bu-la-to-re) or Am'bulative. Term 
appled to morbid affection, such as erysipelas, when 
it skips from one part to another; mild typhoid fever. 
When blisters are applied successively on different 
parts of the body, they are called ambulatory blisters. 
Ambulatory clinic is one in which lecturer and aud- 
itors walk from bed to bed. Dispensatory. 
Ambuleia, am-bu-le'ah. Cichorium intybus. 
Ambuli, am'bu-le. Indian aquatic herb, having 
sweet smell. Decoction is very bitter and an excel- 
lent febrifuge; taken in milk in cases of vertigo. 
Am'bulo (to walk). Painful distension of the abdo- 
men, which shifts about, due to flatulence. 
Ambulo-flatulentus et furiosus, am'bu-lo-flat-u- 
len'tus et fu-re-o'sus. Term applied to painful, mo- 
bile, and periodical tumors affecting different parts. 
Ambury, am'ber-re. Tumor containing blood, a 
term employed in veterinary medicine. 
Ambustio (am-bus'te-o) or Ambustum, am-bus'tum 
{ambi, around, uro, to burn). Burn; blister from a 
burn. A. ex frig'ore, frost-bite. 
Ambu'tuah. Pareira brava. 
Ambuya-embo, am-by'ah-em'bo. Creeping aristo- 
lochia of Brazil, decoction of which is used in ob- 
structions ; also in fumigation and in baths as a tonic. 
Amcher. Antiscorbutic, recently employed in 
India; made from green mangoes. 
Amelela (carelessness), am-el-i'ah. Apathy. 
Ameli. Malabar shrub; decoction of its leaves is 
used to relieve colic; its roots, boiled in oil, to repel 
tumors. 
Amelia, ah-ma'le-ah (a, melos, member). Loss or 
entire absence of limb or limbs. One thus affected is 
said to be A'melus. 
Amelia (carelessness), am-a-le'ah. Apathy. 
Amelin (am'e-lin) or Am'melin. Cyanurdiamic 
acid. 
Amend'ment. Decrease of severity of disease. 
Amenenos, ah-men-a'nos (weak). One who is de- 
bilitated. 
Amenia, ah-ma'ne-ah (a, men, month). Amenor- 
rhcea; emmenagogues. 
Amenomania, am-en-o-man'e-ah {amoenus, agree- 
able, mania). Gay or agreeable form of insanity. 
Amenorrhoea (ah-men-or-rhe'ah) or Amenomono- 
mia, ah-men-o-mo-no'me-ah (a, menes, rheo, to flow). 
Suppression of menses. This suppression is commonly 
symptomatic, and hence chief attention must be paid 
to the cause. Usually there is atonic state of the sys- 
tem generally, and hence chalybeates and other tonics 
are advisable. Two great varieties of amenorrhcea 
are commonly reckoned: 1. Retention of the menses 
when menses do not appear at the usual age; and 2. 
Suppression, in which catamenia are obstructed in 
their regular periods of recurrence. This is the usual 
significance of the term. The menses may also be 
secreted, but not evacuated. See Emansio mensium 
and Menses. A. diffic'ilis, dysmenorrhoea. A. eman- 
sio'nis, retention of menses. A. hymen'ica, see Hy- 
menica amenorrhoea. A.., ova'rian, A. due to non-ovu- 
lation. A. partia'lis, dysmenorrhoea. A., prim'itive, 
non-appearance of menses at puberty. A. suppres- 
sio'nis, obstruction of the regular period of recur- 
rence of the menses. 
Amenorrhceal, ah-men-or-rhe'al. Relating to amen- 
orrhcea. 
Amens, ah'mens {a, mens, mind). Hybrid term for 
insanity. AMENTIA 
Amentia, ah-men'she-ah (a, mens, mind). Demen- 
tia ; see also Fatuitas and Idiotism. A. congen'ita, 
idiotism. A. ingen'ita, idiotism. A. microcephal'- 
ica, A. from deficiency of brain matter. A. seni'lis, 
dementia of the aged. A. traumat'ica, A. from in- 
jury. 
American baVsam. Balsam of Peru. A. hemp, 
Cannabis sativa. A. plague, yellow fever. A. sen'- 
na, Cassia marilandica. <■ 
Ametabolic, ah-met-ab-ol'ik (a, metabole, change). 
Not undergoing alteration, as of tissue in nutrition 
or secretion; not producing such change. 
Amethyst, am'e-thist (a, methuo, to be drunk). 
Precious stone, to which ancients attributed the 
property of preventing drunkenness; also used as 
antidiarrhceic and absorbent, and in ophthalmia. 
Amethysum, am-eth'is-um. Remedy for drunken- 
ness. 
Ametria, ah-met're-ah (a, metron, measure.) In- 
temperance. Absence of uterus (a, metra, uterus) 
(Ame'tria). 
Ametrohaemia, ah-met-ro-he'me-ah (a, metra, uterus, 
and haima, blood). Amenorrhoea; uterine anaemia. 
Ametrometer, ah-met-rom'et-ur (a, metron, meas- 
ure). Instrument devised for measuring degree of 
ametropia. 
Ametrope, ah'met-rope. One affected with ame- 
tropia. 
Ametropia, ah-met-ro'pe-ah (a, metron, measure, and 
ops, eye). Abnormal condition of dioptric media of 
the eye, in which parallel rays of light are not ex- 
actly focused on the retina when the eye is at rest. 
It includes myopia, presbyopia, hypermetropia, and 
astigmatism (which see). 
Ametrous, ah-met'rus (a, metra, uterus). Without 
uterus. 
Amianthinopsy, ah-me-an-thin-op'se (a, ianthinos, 
violet, ops, eye). Blindness as to violet color. 
Amianthium muscsetoxicum, am-e-an'the-um mus- 
se-toks'ik-um (amiantos, pure, anihos, a flower). Fly 
poison, fall poison ; indigenous; narcotic poison. 
Amian'thus (a, amiantos, unpolluted). Flexible 
asbestos. 
Amiculum, am-ik'u-lum (amicio, to wrap around). 
Amnion. 
Amide, am'ide. By substituting for one or more 
atoms of hydrogen in ammonia (NH3) one or more 
acid radicals, or combinations of them, we obtain a 
number of other substances. If latter are electro- 
negative, they terminate in amide, as acetamide, car- 
bamide, etc.; if electro-positive, in amine, as ethyl- 
amine, phenylamine, etc. Amide is also used as syn- 
onym of amidogen, NH2. 
Amidin, am'id-in. Starch changed by heat. 
Amido-benzol, am'id-o-ben'zol. Anilin. A.-cap- 
ro'ic acid, leucin. A.-myelin, see Myelin. A.-suc- 
cin'amide, asparagin. A.-succinic acid, aspartic acid. 
Amidogen, am-id'o-gen. Hypothetical radical of 
ammonium, NH2. 
Amid'ulin. Soluble starch. 
Amidum, am'id-um. Amylum. 
Amilene, am'il-een. See Amylene. 
Amimia, am-im'e-ah (a, mimos, gesture). Aphasia 
with want of power to employ signs or gestures. 
Amine, am'een. See Amide. 
Amitotic, am-it-ot'ik (a, mitos, thread). Relating 
to direct division of cells. 
Amma, am-mah. Truss. 
Ammania (am-man'e-ah) or Amman'ia vesicatoria, 
ves-ik-at-o're-ah. Herbaceous E. Indian plant, used 
for vesication. 
Ammi, am'me. Bishop's weed. Genus of Umbelliferae. 
Seeds are aromatic and pungent, carminative, diuretic, 
tonic, and stomachic. A. beri-be'ri, ammi. A. cicutse- 
fo'lium, ammi. A. cop'ticum, Cams ajowan. A. ma- 
ins, ammi. A. ve'rum, see Bison ammi. A. visna'ga, 
el kallah; variety of S. Europe, from which kellin is 
obtained; seeds in decoction are used in rheumatism 
and uric-acid calculi, the leaves for poultices, the fruit 
as an astringent lotion. A. vulga're, ammi. 
Ammlon, am'me-on. Cinnabar. 
46 
AMMONIZEMIA 
Animism, am'mizm (ammos, sand). Treatment by- 
sand-bath. 
Ammochosia (am-mo-ko'ze-ah) or Ammocho'sis 
(ammos, sand, cheo, to pour). Putting the body in hot 
sand for cure of disease. 
Ammonaemia, am-mo-na'me-ah. Ammoniaemia. 
Ammonia, am-mo'ne-ah. Ammonia or Ammoniacal 
gas, Volatile alkali. An alkali, so called because ob- 
tained principally by decomposing sal ammoniac 
(chloride of ammonium) by lime. This gas is color- 
less, transparent, elastic, of pungent, characteristic 
odor, and acrid, urinous taste. It turns the syrup of 
violets green, and its specific gravity is 0.589. When 
inhaled, largely diluted with common air, it is a pow- 
erful irritant. When unmixed, it instantly induces 
sulfocation. It is soluble in water or alcohol. A., 
a'cetate of, solution of, liquor ammonii acetatis. 
A., al'um, sulphate of aluminium and ammonium. A., 
arse'niate of, arseniate of ammonium. A., ben'zoate 
of, ammonii benzoas. A., bicar'bonate of, ammonii 
bicarbonas. A. bo'ras, ammonium. A., carbazo- 
tate of, ammonium, carbazotate A., car'bonate of, 
ammonii carbonas. A. caus'tica, ammonia. A. caus'- 
tica liquida, liquor ammoniae. A., chlorohy'drate of, 
ammonite murias. A., ci'trate of, ammonii citras. A., 
for'miate of, formiate of ammonia. A., hydri'odate 
of, ammonium iodide. A., hydrochlo'rate of, ammo- 
nite murias. A., hydrosul'phuret of, ammonii sul- 
phuretum. A., hypophosphite of, see Galois hypo- 
phosphis. A., i'odide of, see Iodine. A. and i'ron, 
tart'rate of, ferri et ammonii tartras. A., lin'iment 
of, linimentum ammonite. A. liq'uida, liquor ammo- 
nite. A. muriat'ica, ammonite murias. A., ni'trate 
of, ammonii nitras. A., nitrosul'phate of, ammonii 
nitrosulphas. A. oint'ment, made of water of ammo- 
nia and lard. A., phos'phate of, ammonii phosphas. 
A. praepara'ta, ammonii carbonas. A. pu'ra, ammo- 
nia. A. pu'ra liq'uida, liquor ammonite. A., solu'- 
tlon of, liquor ammonite. A., solution of, stronger, 
liquor ammonite fortior. A., subcar'bonate of, am- 
monii carbonas. A., suc'cinate of, see Succinic acid. 
A., sul'phate of, ammonii sulphas. A., sul'phuret 
of, ammonium sulphuretum. A., tart'rate of, am- 
monii tartras. A., u'rate of, see Urates. A., vale'- 
rianate of, ammonii valerianas. A. water, liquor 
ammonite. 
Ammo'niac. Relating to ammonia; ammoni- 
acal. A. fermenta'tion, production of ammonia 
by fermentation from urea. A., gum, Ammoniacum 
(Ph. U. S.), from Ammonia, in Lybia, whence it is 
brought. A gum-resin, concrete juice of Dorema 
ammoniacum of Persia; also gum-resin of Ferula 
tingitana. The latter is the ammoniacum of com- 
merce. It is in irregular, dry masses, yellow exter- 
nally, whitish within; its odor is peculiar, and not 
ungrateful. taste nauseous, sweet, and bitter. It 
forms a white emulsion with water; is soluble in 
vinegar, partially so in alcohol, ether, and solutions 
of the alkalies. It is expectorant, antispasmodic, 
discutient, and resolvent; used also in formation of 
certain plasters. Dose, gr. x-xxx in emulsion. A. 
mix'ture, mistura ammoniaci. A. plas'ter, emplas- 
trum ammoniaci, e. a. cum hydrargyro. A., sal, am- 
monii chloridum. 
Ammoniacae nitras, am-mo-ife'as-ee ni'tras. Am- 
monii nitras. A. sul'phas, ammonii sulphas. A. 
sulphure'tum, ammonii sulphuretum. 
Ammoni'acal. Ammoniac. A. amal'gam, sub- 
stance resulting from subjecting a salt of ammonia 
to galvanism in contact with mercury. A. gas, am- 
monia. 
Ammoniacum, am-mo-ne'ak-um. Ammonia, am- 
moniac gum. A. caus'ticum, ammonia. A. hydro- 
chlora'tum ferra'tum, ferrum ammoniatum. A. 
succina'tum, spiritus ammonia?, succinatus. A. 
vola'tile mi'te, ammonii carbonas. 
Ammo'niae ace'tas, A. ben'zoas, etc, see Ammonii 
acetas, Ammonii benzoas, etc. A. liq'uor, see Liquor 
ammoniie. 
Ammonisemia, am-mo-ne-e'me-ah (ammonia, haima, 
blood). Condition of blood in which it contains ex- AMMONIATED 
cess of ammonia-a grave disease, usually dependent 
on retention or extravasation of urine. Sometimes 
uraemia coexists with it. 
Ammoniated, am-mo'ne-a-ted. Containing ammo- 
nia, as A. copper, A. iron, etc. Compounds of other 
substances with ammonia, as ether, camphor, opium, 
etc., are variously called A.-ammoniato-aetherius, 
A.-camphoratus, A.-opiatus, etc. The prefix ammonio 
is also similarly used. 
Ammonii acetas, am-mo'ne-e as-a'tas. Liquor am- 
monii acetatis. A. arse'nias, arseniate of ammonium. 
A. ben'zoas (Ph. U. S.), Benzoate of Ammonium, B. of 
Ammonia, a salt formed by the union of benzoic acid 
and ammonia, which has been prescribed for the re- 
moval of gouty depositions of urate of soda in the 
joints; it is regarded as a good diuretic. Dose, gr. 
xv to xxx and more. A. bicarbo'nas, Bicarbonate of 
Ammonium, B. of Ammonia, was officinal in the Dublin 
Pharmacopoeia; it has the same properties as the car- 
bonate, and is more palatable. Dose, gr. vj to xxiv. A. 
bo'ras, Borate of Ammonium, B. of Ammonia, made by 
dissolving boracic acid in heated water of ammonia; 
used in renal colic, catarrh of bladder, etc. A. bro- 
midum (Ph. U. S.), bromide of ammonium. White 
granular salt, becoming yellow on exposure, prepared 
by acting on bromide of iron with water of ammonia. 
Its medical effects are similar to those of bromide of 
potassium. Dose, from two to twenty grains. See 
Bromides. A. carbo'nas, Ammonii carbonas (Ph. U. S.), 
Salt of bones, Salt of woodsoot, Salt of urine, Volatile sal 
ammoniae, Baker's salt, Concrete or Mild volatile alkali, 
Carbonate or Subcarbonate of ammonia, Carbonate of am- 
monium, Sal volatile, Smelling salt (Ph. U. S.). (Formerly 
obtained by dry distillation of hartshorn, bones, and 
other animal matters.) A white, striated, crystalline 
mass; odor and taste pungent and ammoniacal; soluble 
in two parts of water; insoluble in alcohol; effloresces 
in the air. It is stimulant, antacid, diaphoretic, ex- 
pectorant, and antispasmodic. Dose, gr. v to xv. Car- 
bonate of ammonium is at times used to form effer- 
vescing draughts with lemon-juice, crystallized tar- 
taric acid, and crystallized citric acid. Carbonate 
of ammonium is the usual smelling salts. When 
a few drops of aqua ammoniae fortior are added 
to it coarsely powdered, and some volatile oil, it 
forms Preston salts. A. carbo'nas alkali'nus, A. 
carbonas. A. c. incomple'tus, A. carbonas. A. c. 
superammoni'acus, A. carbonas. A. ci'tras, Citrate 
of ammonium, C. of ammonia. Made by saturating lemon- 
or lime-juice, ora solution of citric acid, with carbon- 
ate of ammonia. It may also be made extempo- 
raneously and taken in an effervescent state. A. 
chlo'ridum (U. S. Ph.), ammoniae murias, Muriate 
of ammonia, Chloride of ammonium, Hydrochlorate of 
ammonia, Chlorohydrate of ammonia, Sal ammoniacum, 
Sal ammoniac (from the temple of Jupiter Ammon, 
near which it was obtained), a saline concrete formed 
by the combination of muriatic acid with ammonia. 
It is also prepared, in great quantities, by adding sul- 
phuric acid to the volatile alkali obtained from soot, 
bones, etc., mixing this with common salt, and sub- 
liming. Muriate of ammonium is inodorous, but has 
an acrid, pungent, bitterish, and urinous taste. Three 
parts of cold water dissolve one. Soluble also in 4.5 
parts of alcohol. It is aperient, diuretic, tonic, and 
resolvent. Dose, gr. v-xxx. Externally it is em- 
ployed, producing cold during its solution, in inflam- 
mations, etc. It is also inhaled in chronic catarrh. 
The U. S. Pharmacopoeia contains Ammonii chlori- 
dum purificatum, purified chloride of ammonium, 
made by dissolving chloride of ammonium in water 
by the aid of heat, adding water of ammonia, filter- 
ing, and evaporating. A. chlo'ridum purificatum, see 
Ammonias murias. A. cuprosul'phas, cuprum am- 
moniatum. A. et fer'ri mu'rias, ferrum ammonia- 
tum. A. fer'ro-ci'tras, ferri ammonio-citras. A. hy- 
dri'odas, ammonium iodide. A. hydrochlo'ras, 
ammoniae murias. A. hydrosul'phas, ammoniae sul- 
phuretum. A. hydrosulphuretum, ammoniae sulphu- 
retum; see Liquor fumans Boylii. A. hypocarbo'nas, 
ammonii carbonas. A. io'didum or iodure'tum, am- 
47 
AMMONIUM 
monium iodide. A. ni'tras (Ph. U. S.), Ammonii 
nitras, Nitrate of ammonia, Nitrate of ammonium, a 
salt composed of nitric acid and ammonia. It is diu- 
retic and deobstruent. Externally it is discutient 
and sialagogue. A. nitro sul'phas, nitrosulphate of 
ammonium, a salt formed by passing nitric oxide 
through a solution of ammonium sulphate, which 
has been used in Paris in typhoid fever. A. phos'- 
phas, ammonium phosphoricum, ammonium phos- 
phate. This salt has been recommended as an ex- 
citant, diaphoretic, and discutient; more recently 
has been proposed as a remedy for gout and rheuma- 
tism, as a solvent of uric-acid calculus, and for dis- 
eases, acute and chronic, connected directly with the 
lithic-acid diathesis. Dose, gr. x. to xl. A. sesqui- 
carbo'nas, A. carbonas. A. subcarbo'nas, A. Carbo- 
nas. A. sul'phas, ammonii sulphas, Sulphate of 
ammonium, Sulphate of ammonia. Formed by adding 
sulphuric acid either to sal ammoniac or to ammoni- 
acal liquor. Its properties are like those of the mu- 
riate of ammonia. A. sulphure'tum, sulphuret of 
ammonia, hydrosulphuret of ammonia. Odor very 
fetid; taste nauseous and styptic; color dark yellow- 
ish green. It is reputed to be sedative, nauseating, 
emetic, disoxygenizing, and has been given in dia- 
betes and diseases of increased excitement. Dose, 
gtt. vij to gtt. xx. A. tart'ras, ammonium tartrate, 
a salt composed of tartaric acid and ammonia. It is 
diaphoretic and diuretic, but not much used. A. 
ur'as, see Urates. A. valeria'nas (Ph. IL S.), Vale- 
rianate of ammonium, V. of ammonia. This salt is 
obtained by causing gaseous ammonia, disengaged 
from muriate of ammonia by lime, to pass into 
valerianic acid until the latter is neutralized, and 
cystallizing. Used, like valerian, valerianic acid, 
and the other valerianates, in neuropathic affections. 
Dose, gr. ij-viij. 
Ammonion, am-mo'ne-on (ammos, sand). Ancient 
collyrium, said to remove sand from the eye. 
Ammonium, am-mo'ne-um. Eadical of ammonia, 
never yet isolated in a free state. A. ace'ticum liq'ui- 
dum, liquor ammonii acetatis. A. arsen'icum or 
arsenic'icum, ammonium arseniate. A., ben'zoate 
of, ammonii benzoas. A. broma'tum, ammonii bro- 
midum. A., bro'mide of, ammonii bromidum. A., 
carb'amate of, ammoniacal salt formed by action of 
dry dioxide of carbon on dry gaseous ammonia. A.., 
car'bonate of, ammonii carbonas. A. carbo'nicum, 
ammonii carbonas. A. caus'ticum solu'tum, water 
of ammonia. A. chlora'tum, ammonium chloride. 
A., chlor'ide of, ammoniae murias. A., chlor'ide of, 
purified, see Ammonia: murias. A. cit'rate, refrigerant 
and diuretic salt formed by neutralizing citric acid 
with ammonia-water. A. for'miate, employed in pa- 
ralysis. A. glycyrrhi'zate, combination of sweet 
principle of licorice with ammonia, which masks the 
taste of quinine. A. hydrochlora'tum, ammonium 
chloride. A. hydroio'dicum, ammonium iodide. 
A. ioda'tum, ammonium iodide. A., i'odide 
of, ammonii iodidum, hydriodate of ammonia. 
This salt is formed by mixing iodide of potas- 
sium and sulphate of ammonium, adding boiling 
distilled water, and, after cooling, alcohol, mixing 
them well, passing them through a cold funnel, and 
pouring on the salt a mixture of alcohol and water, and 
evaporating. Internally, effects are similar to those 
of iodide of potassium. Dose, one to three grains. It 
is applied in the form of ointment in lepra, psoriasis, 
etc. A. martiaTum or martia'le, ferrum ammoni- 
atum. A. muriat'icum, ammonium chloride. A. 
muria'tum, ammoniae murias. A. ni'trate, ammonii 
nitras. A. ni'tricum, ammonii nitras. A. phos'phate, 
ammonii phosphas. A. phosphor'icum, ammonii phos- 
phas. A. pic'rate, yellow salt, antiperiodic, prepared 
by evaporating solution of picric acid containing 
slight excess of ammonia. A. sal'icylate, salt hav- 
ing similar properties to salicylates, prepared by 
evaporation of neutralized solution of salicylic acid 
and ammonia. A. salicyl'icum, ammonium salicy- 
late. A. subcarbo'neum, ammonii carbonas. A. suc'- 
cinate, salt formed by neutralizing solution of succinic AMMONIURET 
acid with pyrooleous ammonium carbonate. A. suc- 
cin'icum liq'uidum, spiritus ammonite succinatus. A. 
sulf hydra'turn, ammonii sulphuretum. A. sul'phate, 
ammonii sulphas. A. sulphu'ricum, ammonii sulphas. 
A. u'rate, white salt sometimes deposited in urine; 
used in ointment in chronic jskin diseases. A. u'ri- 
cum, A. urate. A. vale'rianate, ammonii valerianas. 
Ammoniuret, am-mo-ne'u-ret. Term applied to 
supposed compounds of ammonia with metallic oxide. 
Ammotherapy, am-mo-ther'a-pe (ammos, sand, thera- 
peuo, to cure). Treatment of disease by sand exter- 
nally applied. 
Amna alcalizata, am'nah al-kal-iz-at'ah. Water, 
mineral, saline. 
Amnemonic, am-ne-mon'ik (a, mnemonilcos, pertain- 
ing to memory). Attended with or producing loss of 
memory. 
Amnemosyne, am-na-mos'in-a (a, mnemosune, 
memory). Amnesia. 
Amnesia, am-na'zhe-ah (a, mnesis, memory). Loss 
of memory; symptom in many diseases. A. acus'tica, 
loss of memory of sounds; see Mind-deafness. A. 
olfacto'ria, loss of memory of smell. A. op'tica, loss 
of memory of things seen, due to cause seated in 
visual centres of brain. A. seni'lis, loss of memory 
of old people. A. temulen'tia, A. due to alcoholism. 
A. traumat'ica, A. from injury. A., ver'bal, loss of 
memory of words. A., vis'ual, mind-blindness. 
Amnesic, am-ne'sik. Relating to or affected with 
amnesia. A. apha'sia, see Aphasia. 
Amnestia, am-nes'te-a. Amnesia. 
Amnestic, am-nes'tik. Causing or affected with 
amnesia. 
Amnic, am'nik. Amniotic. A. acid, amniotic acid. 
Amniitis, am-ne-e'tis. Amnitis. 
Amnio-chorial, am'ne-o-ko're-al. Relating to am- 
nion and chorion. 
Amnioclepsis, am-ne-o-klep'sis (amnion, klepto, to 
steal). Premature escape of liquor amnii. 
Amniomantia, am-ne-o-man-te'ah (amnion, manteia, 
divination). Divination based on examination of 
amnion and foetus. 
Am'nion. Innermost enveloping membrane of 
foetus, first perhaps observed in sheep (amnos, sheep). 
It is thin and transparent; its inner layer is derived 
from the epiblast, outer layer from the mesoblast. 
Its external surface is united to the chorion by areolar 
and vascular filaments. Its polished inner surface is 
in contact with the foetus and liquor amnii. A., dropsy 
of, hydramnion. A., false, outer layer of the cepha- 
lic fold in the embryo, lining internal surface of orig- 
inal vitelline membrane. Membrane in birds similar 
to the chorion in higher animals. 
Amniorrhoea, am-ne-or-rhe'ah (amnion, rheo, to 
flow). Discharge of liquor amnii. 
Amnios, am'ne-os. Amnion; liquor amnii. 
Amnio'sis. Amnitis. 
Amniota, am-ne-o'tah. Animals having an am- 
nion, as birds and mammalia. 
Amniotic, am-ne-ot'ik. Relating or appertaining 
to the amnion. A. acid, peculiar acid in liquor amnii 
of cow. A. cav'ity, space over back of embryo, con- 
taining a clear fluid, the liquor amnii. A. fluid, serous 
fluid between amnion and foetus. A. fold, blastoder- 
mic fold around the embryo, associated with growth 
of amnion, and with after separation of amnion and 
chorion. A. sac, amnion. 
Amnioti'tis. Inflammation of the amnion. 
Amniotome, am'ne-o-tome (amnion, tome, incision). 
Instrument for puncturing the membranes in labor. 
Amnitis, am-ne'tis. Inflammation of the amnion. 
Amnium, am'ne-um. Amnion. 
Amoeba, am-e'bah. Small mass of structureless 
protoplasm, without distinct cell-wall; see Amoeboid. 
A. bucca'lis, species of amoeba found in deposit on the 
teeth or in cavity of the mouth. A. co'li, species seen 
in dysenteric injections. A. denta'lis, A. buccalis. 
A. urogenita'lis, species noticed in urinary and 
vaginal secretions. 
Amoeboid (am-e'boid), Amoe'biform, or Amoe'bal 
(ameibo, to change, amoeba, micro-organism, gen. Proto- 
48 
A MOR PHO-PH ALLUS 
zoa, capable of rapidly undergoing changes of form, 
of active movements, and of absorbing nutrient 
materials from surrounding medium; eidos, resem- 
blance). Term applied to similar spontaneous move- 
ments, with singular changes of shape, seen in pus- 
cells, white corpuscles, rudimentary cell-forms, etc.; 
hence called amoeboid or wandering cells, amoeboid 
corpuscles, etc. These movements explain some ob- 
scure changes in tissues in inflammation and suppu- 
ration, bioplasts or sarcophytes penetrating the walls 
of vessels and spontaneously emigrating into adjoin- 
ing tissues. See Bioplasm and Sarcophyte. 
Amoenomania, am-e-uo-mah'ne-ah (amoenus, agree- 
able, mania). Amenomania. 
Amomis, ah-mo'mis. Fruit of Amomum cardamo- 
mum. 
Amomum, ah-mo'mum (a, momos, fault, faultless). 
Genus of plants, nat. order Scitaminese. A. alpin'ia, 
species of Guiana and W. Indies ; root is used exter- 
nally for ulcers and cancers. A. ama'rum, Chinese 
species; aromatic. A. aromat'icum, source of Ben- 
gal cardamom. A. cardamo'mum, lesser, true, or 
officinal cardamom, ord. Zingiberacese. The fruit- 
cardamomum (Ph. U. S.)-of this plant of E. Indies, 
Java, and Sumatra has an agreeable aromatic odor 
and pungent, grateful taste. It is carminative and 
stomachic, but chiefly used to give warmth to other 
remedies. Dose, gr. v to Qj. Cluster or round car- 
damom of Sumatra, Java, etc. yields round carda- 
mom, cardamomum rotundum, of the shops. A. c. 
Malabaren'se, Amomum cardamomum. A. compac'- 
tum or Dioscor'idis, Elettaria cardamomum. A. cur- 
cu'ma, Curcuma longa. A. galan'ga, Maranta ga- 
langa. A. globo'sum, Chinese variety, from which 
round Chinese cardamom is obtained ; used for nau- 
sea, diarrhoea, and enteralgia. A. gra'na paradi'si, 
greater cardamom seeds, grains of paradise, resemble 
cardamomum in properties; they are extremely hot. 
A., great-winged, Amomum maximum. A. hirsu'- 
tum, costus. A. max'imum, great-winged amomum, 
yields fruit known as Java or Nepal cardamoms, Ben- 
gal cardamoms, etc. A. melegue'ta or meleguet'ta, 
variety of W. Africa; seeds are known as meleguetta 
pepper. A. monta'num, see Cassumuniar. A. pi- 
men'ta, see Myrtus pimenta. A. racemo'sum, carda- 
mom seeds arranged in native clusters. A. re'pens, 
Elettaria cardamomum. A. subula'tum grows in 
India; source of winged Bengal cardamom. A. syl- 
ves'tre, see Cassumuniar. A. ve'rum, A. cardamo- 
mum. A. villo'sum, Chinese and E. Indian variety; 
stomachic. A. xanthoi'des, indigenous in Siam. 
Bastard cardamom is derived from it. A. zedoa'ria, 
Ksempferia rotunda, Alpinia galanga. A. zerumbet, 
see Cassumuniar. A. zin'giber, ginger, black and 
white ginger, zingiber (Ph. U. S.), are rhizoma of 
same plant, Zingiber officinale, the difference depend- 
ing upon mode of preparing them. Odor of ginger 
is aromatic; taste warm, aromatic, and acrid. It 
yields its virtues to alcohol, and in a great degree to 
water; it is carminative, stimulant, and sialagogue. 
Preserved ginger is a condiment with all the virtues 
of ginger. 
Amoo. Litter for sick and injured used in New 
Zealand. 
A'mor. Love. A. insa'nus, erotomania. A. ven'- 
eris, clitoris, erotomania. 
Amorosus musculus, am-o-ro'sus mus'ku-lus. Ob- 
liquus superior oculi. 
Amorpha, ah-morf'ah (a, morphe, form). Eruption 
on skin having no definite appearance; macula; in- 
tertrigo. Diseases which have no definite pathologi- 
cal condition. A. frutico'sa, bastard indigo of south- 
ern coast of U. S.; root used for tooth-ache. A. vul- 
ga'ris, intertrigo. 
Amorphla (ah-morf'e-ah) or Amorpbism, ah-morf'- 
ism (a, morphe, form). Deformity, shapelessness. 
Amorphinism (ah-mor'fin-izm) or Amor'phism (a, 
morphina). Condition induced by deprivation of 
morphia to one addicted to use of the drug. 
Amorpho-phal'lus. Genus of Aracese, several spe- 
cies of which are used in medicine, chiefly in E. Indies. AMORPHOPYGAGRA 
Amorphopygagra, ah-morf-o-pig-ag'rah (amorphos, 
without form, page, nates, agra, seizure). Irregular 
paroxysms of pain in nates or anus. 
Amorphosteophyte, ah-morf-os'te-o-fite (amorphos, 
without form, osteon, bone, phuton, growth). Osteo- 
phyte without definite form. 
Amorphous, ah-morf'us (a, morphe, form). With- 
out form or crystalline condition. Without definite 
form, as a monstrosity. See Anhistous and Anideus. A. 
phos'phorus, see Phosphorus. A. quinine, see Quinine. 
Amorphy, ah-morf'e. Amorphia. 
Amotio, a-mo'she-o (amoveo, to separate). Separa- 
tion or detachment, as A. ret'inse, detachment of 
retina. 
Am'pac. E. Indian tree, leaves of which are deter- 
gent. Odoriferous resin is obtained from it. 
Amparthrosis, am-par-thro'sis. Amphiarthrosis. 
Ampelocarpus, am-pel-o-kar'pus (ampelos, karpos, 
fruit). Gallium aparine. 
Ampelodesmos (am-pel-o-des-mos) te'nax. This 
plant of Algeria, Sicily, and Italy yields a variety of 
ergot. 
Ampeloleuce, am-pel-o-lu'sa (ampelos, Zewfcos, white). 
Bryonia alba. 
Ampelop'rason or Ampeloprasum, am-pa-lop'ra- 
sum (ampelos, prason, leek). Allium. 
Ampelopsis, am-pel-op'sis (ampelos, opsis, appear- 
ance). Genus of plants, nat. ord. Vitaceae. A. bot'- 
ryta, diuretic root of S. African species. A. quinque- 
fo'lia, Virginia creeper, American ivy, Five-leaved ivy, 
Woody climber, ord. Vitaceae. Indigenous climbing 
plant; bark and twigs are used in dropsy. They are 
also expectorant. 
Ampelos, am'pelos. Vine; Vitis vinifera. A. ag'- 
ria, Bryonia alba. A. idae'a, Vaccinium vitis idaea. 
A. melae'na, Tamus communis. A. oinoph'orus, Vitus 
vinifera. 
Ampelosag'ria (ampelos, vine, agrios, wild). Bry- 
onia alba. 
Ampelo-therapy, am'pe-lo-ther'a-pe (ampelos, vine, 
therapeuo, to cure). Grape-cure. 
Ampere, om-pair' (French scientist). Unit of 
strength of electro-magnetic current shown by force 
of one volt through one ohm. 
Ampdre's law. See Law. 
Amphamphoterodiopsia, amf-amf-o-ter-o-de-op'- 
se-ah (amphi, amphoteros, on both sides, diploos, double, 
ops, sight). Double vision. 
Amphamphoterodiplopia, amf-amf-o-ter-o-dip-lo'- 
pe-ah (amphi, amphoteros, on both sides, diplopia, 
double vision). Condition of vision in which objects 
are seen double with each eye. 
Ampharisteros, amf-ar-ist'er-os (amphi, aristeros, 
left). Left-handedness; opposed to ambidexter. 
Amphemera, amf-em'er-ah (amphi, hemera, day). 
Quotidian fever. 
Amphemer'ina. Quotidian, intermittent, or hectic 
fever. A. arthrit'ica, A. bilio'sa, A. cardi'aca, A. dy- 
senter'ica, A. lith'ica, A. paludo'sa, A. singultuo'sa, 
etc. indicate the existence of joint symptoms, bilious 
complications, heart symptoms, dysentery, calculous 
affections, swamp fever, hiccough, etc., with the quo- 
tidian type of fever. A. Hunga'rica, fever resembling 
typhus seen in Hungary. A. tussiculo'sa, whooping 
cough. 
Amphi, am'fe (both, around, on ail sides), as a 
prefix, has these significations. 
Amphiam, am'fe-am. Opium. 
Amphiarthrodial, am-fe-ar-thro'de-al (amphi, ar- 
throsis, articulation). Relating to or resembling 
amphiarthrosis. 
Amphiarthrosis, am-fe-ar-thro'sis (same etymon). 
Mixed articulation, in which corresponding surfaces 
of bones are united in intimate manner by interme- 
diate body, allowing slight motion ; such as junction 
of bodies of vertebrae by means of intervertebral car- 
tilages; also joint without fibrous tissue between the 
surfaces, ligaments regulating the motion. 
Amphiaster, am-fe-as'tur (amphi, aster, star). Period 
during indirect division of cell or nucleus of develop- 
ing ovum, when there occurs double star-like distri- 
49 
' AMPHIOXUS 
bution of protoplasm around spindle of the nu- 
cleus. 
Amphibia, am-fib'e-ah (amphi, bios, life). Animals 
capable of living on land and in water, as frogs. Such 
animals are said to be Amphib' ious. 
Amphiblastic, am-fe-blas'tik («m_p/w', blastos, germ). 
Term applied to segmentation of ovum, cells of various 
sizes resulting. 
Amphiblestritis, am-fe-bles-tre'tis. Amphiblestroi- 
ditis. 
Amphibles'tro-carcino'ma. Cancer of retina. 
Amphiblestrodapoplexia, am - fe - hies - tro - dap-o- 
pleks'e-ah. Apoplexy of retina or retinal hemorrhage. 
Amphiblestrodatrophia, am-fe-bles-tro-dat-ro'fe-ah. 
Atrophy of the retina. 
Amphiblestrodeophthisis, am-fe-bles-tro-de-o-te'- 
sis. Atrophy or wasting of retina. 
Amphiblestroid, am-fe-bles'troid. Like the retina. 
A. mem'brane, retina. 
Amphiblestroi'des. Reticular. A. membra'na, 
retina. 
Amphiblestroidi'tis (amphiblestron, covering or net, 
eidos, resemblance, itis). Inflammation of the retina. 
Amphiblestroidomalacia (am-fe-bles-tro-id-o-mal- 
ah'she-ah) or Amphiblestromala'cia, am-fe-bles-tro- 
mal-ah'she-ah (amphiblestroides, membrane, retina, 
malakia, softening). Mollescence or softening of the 
retina. 
Amphibolic, am-fe-bol'ik (amphibolos, doubtful). 
Hesitating or irregular, as applied to certain stages 
of fever. Doubtful, as amphibolic period, the critical 
period of a disease when prognosis is doubtful. 
Amphibranchia (am-fe-brank'e-ah) or Amphibron- 
chia, am-fe-bronk'e-ah (amphi, branchise, gills). Ton- 
sils and pharynx. 
Amphicaustis, am-fe-kaus'tis. Generative organs 
of female. 
Amphicoelous, am-fe-se'lus (amphi, koilos, hollow). 
Concave on both sides, as a vertebra. 
Amphicrania, am-fe-kran'e-ah (amphi, cranium, 
skull). Headache on both sides; antithesis to hemi- 
crania. 
Amphicreatin, am-fe-kre'at-in. Amphikreatin. 
Amphicreatinin, am-fe-kre-at'in-in. Amphikrea- 
tinin. 
Amphidesmous, am-fe-des'mus (amphi, desmos, lig- 
ament). Having a double ligament. 
Amphideum, am-fid'e-um (amphi, deo, to bind). 
Outermost margin of cervix uteri; labium uteri. 
Amphidexius, am-fe-deks'e-us (amphi, dexios, right). 
Ambidextrous. 
Amphidiarthrosis, am-fe-de-ar-thro'sis (amplii, diar- 
throsis, movable joint). Articulation that partakes 
both of ginglymus and arthrodia, as the temporo- 
maxillary articulation. 
Amphidiplopia, am-fe-dip-lo'pe-ah. Double vision 
with each eye. 
Amphlesma (am-fe-es'mah) cor'dis (covering of the 
heart). Pericardium. 
Amphigony, am-fig'o-ne (amphi, gone, generation). 
Reproduction from two sexes. 
Amphikreatin, am-fe-kre'at-in. C9H19N7O4. Leu- 
coma'ine of the creatinine group, and resembling 
creatine in properties. 
Amphikreatinin, am-fe-kre-at'in-in (amphi, kreas, 
flesh). A leucomaine from muscle, resembling kre- 
atin. See Leucomaines (table). 
Amphimerina, am-fe-mer'in-ah (amphi, hemera, 
day). Pertussis. A. hec'tica, hectic fever. 
Amphimerinos, am-fe-mer'in-os. Quotidian. 
Amphimer'inus. Quotidian. 
Amphimetrion (am-fe-met're-on) or Amphimet- 
rium, am-fe-met're-um (amphi, metra, uterus). Parts 
in proximity to uterus. 
Amphimicrobia, am-fe-mik-ro'be-ah. Microbes that 
can be developed in medicine in which oxygen is 
present or absent. 
Amphimor'ula. Collection of animal and vegetati ve 
cells, the two classes being at different poles. 
Amphioxus, am-fe-oks'us (amphi, at both ends, oxus, 
sharp). Genus of fish, ord. Pharyngobranchii, devoid AMPHIPHAGIA 
of brain and different from other vertebrate ani- 
mals. 
Amphiphagia, am-fe-fah'ge-ah (amphi, phago, to 
eat). Ability to eat various kinds of food. 
Amphiplex, am'fe-pleks. Perinseum. 
Amphipneuma, am-fe-nu'mah (amphi, pneuma, 
breath). Dyspnoea. 
Amphisbsenae, am-fis-be'ne (amphi, baino, to pro- 
ceed). Passing between, as A. venae, veins of abdo- 
men passing between the uterus and the mammae. 
Amphis'celous (amphi, skelos, leg). Capable of using 
both lower limbs. 
Amphismela (am-fis-ma'lah) or Amphismile, am-fis- 
me'la (amphi, smile, knife). Double-edged knife. 
Amphisphalsis, am-fi-sfal'sis (amphi, sphallo, to wan- 
der). Movement of circumduction used in reducing 
luxations. 
Amphlstoma hominis, am-fis'to-mah hom'in-is 
(amphi, stoma, mouth, double mouth). Entozoon in 
human intestines. Parasitic animals, ord. Hematoda, 
infesting intestinal tract of mammals. 
Amphistomous, am-fis'to-mus. Possessing a cup at 
each end; term applied to amphistoma. 
Amphitheatre, am'fe-the-a-tur. Circular room for 
lectures and operations in colleges or hospitals. 
Amphodiplopia, am-fo-dip-lo'pe-ah (amphi, diploos, 
double, ops, sight). Double vision of both eyes. 
Amphodonta, am-fo-don'tah (amphi, odous, tooth). 
Animals having teeth in both jaws. 
Amphopeptone, am-fo-pep'tone. Final result of 
action of gastric acids and pepsin on albumen. 
Amphora, am'fo-rah («mp/j.i, p/iero, tobear). Ancient 
liquid measure containing above seven gallons. 
Amphoric (am-for'ik) (amphora, a bottle) res'- 
onance. See Resonance. A. respira'tion, in ausculta- 
tion resembling sound made by blowing over surface 
of a bottle. In percussion, tympanitic or metallic. 
See Cavernous respiration. 
Amphorosphonia, am - fo - ros - fo' ne - ah (amphora, 
phone, sound). Amphoric respiration. 
Amphoteric, am-fo-ter'ik (amphoteros, both). Nei- 
ther acid nor alkaline; glucose, for example. 
Amphoterodiopsia (am-fo'ter-o-de-op'se-ah) or 
Amphoterodiplopia, am-fo'ter-o-dip-lo-pe-ah (ampho- 
teros, on both sides). See Diplopia. 
Amplexatio, am-pleks-ah'she-o (am, plecto, to inter- 
weave). Coition. 
Amplexation, am-pleks-a'shun. Method used in 
surgery for treating a fractured clavicle by means of 
bandage or plaster. 
Amplexus, am-pleks'us. Coition. 
Ampliation (amplus, full). Enlargement by disten- 
sion or dilatation. 
Amplification, am-pli-fik-a'shun (amplus, large, facio, 
to make). Morbid extension or enlargement. In 
microscopy, enlargement of object or increase of 
power. 
Ampliopia, am-ple-o'pe-ah. Partial loss or dimness 
of vision. 
Amplitude, am'ple-tude. Fulness as of the pulse, 
of dimension, etc. 
Amposis, am-po'sis. Absorption or disappearance 
of fluid in the body. 
Ampulla, am-pul'lah (bottle). Membranous bag, 
shaped like a leathern bottle. Flask-like dilatation of 
a canal; blister; embryonic state of heart, brain, and 
liver. See Caritas elliptica. In pharmacy a receiver. 
A. canalic'uli lacryma'lis, enlarged portion of 
lacrymal canals. A. chylif'era or chy'li, receptac- 
ulum chyli. A. duc'tus lactif'eri, expansion of milk- 
duct near its termination in the nipple. A. of Fallo'- 
pian tube, external half of that tube. A. lactif'era, A. 
ductus lactiferi. A. Lieberkuhn's, blind extremity of 
lactiferous vessel in intestinal villus. A. of mam'mary 
gland, A. lactifcra. A. of op'tic nerve, enlargement 
around anterior part of that nerve. A. os'sea, pyri- 
form expansion at the end of each semicircular canal. 
A. of rec'tum, dilated portion of rectum near its 
termination. A. of semicirc'ular canals, see Semi- 
circular canals. A. of vagi'na, upper part of that 
canal. A. of vas def'erens, expansion in vicinity of 
50 
' AMPUTATION 
seminal vesicle before its termination in ejaculatory 
duct. A. of Va/ter, ampulla formed by orifice of 
pancreatic duct in the duodenum. 
Ampullaceus, am-pul-lah'se-us. Dilated or swollen ; 
having full abdomen; bullar. 
Ampullae, am-pul'le (same etymon), (pl. of Am- 
pulla). Pouches or dilatations; phlyctsenae. A. of 
o'viduct, ampulla of Fallopian tube. A. of rec'tum, 
portion of that bowel usually closed, but capable of 
great expansion from accumulation of faeces. A. of 
semicir'cular canals, membranous labyrinth lining 
ampulla of semicircular canals or dilated portion 
of osseous canal. A. of vagi'na, upper dilatable part 
of that canal. 
Ampull'ula (dim. of Ampulla). Lymphatic sac at 
end of intestinal villus. 
Amputate, am'pu-tate (amputo, to cut off). To cut 
off a limb or portion of limb, or any prominent or 
important part, as breast, penis, uterus, uvula, etc. 
Amputatio, am-pu-tah'she-o (same etymon). Am- 
putation. A. car'po-radiaTis, amputation of wrist- 
joint. A. incruen'ta, amputation without loss of 
blood. A. pannicula'ta, flap amputation. A. spon- 
ta'nea, spontaneous amputation, as in fcetal life. A. 
tib'io-tar'sea, amputation at ankle-joint. A. vo'cis, 
aphonia. 
Amputation, am-pu-ta'shun. Operation of sepa- 
rating, by means of cutting instrument, limb or part 
of limb or projecting part, as mamma, penis, etc., from 
rest of body, or of uterus or uvula. In case of a 
tumor, term excision, removal, or extirpation is more 
commonly used. A., Alouette's, A. at hip-joint by 
semicircular outer flap to trochanter major and in- 
ternal flap from within outward. A., Bau'dens's, 
A. of knee by oval flaps, the knee-joint being dis- 
articulated by elliptical incision. A., Bdc'lard's, A. 
of hip by transfixion, posterior flap being made 
first. A., Berger's, best form of amputation by 
interscapulo-thoracic method, there being two flaps, 
one antero-inferior or pectoro-axillary, the other 
postero-superior or cervico-scapular. A., blood'- 
less, A. with little or no loss of blood, as by use 
of rubber bandage. A., Car'den's, amputation in- 
cluding skin flap and circular division of muscle; 
combination, therefore, of circular and flap opera- 
tions. A., car'pal, amputation of hand through 
carpus. A., cen'tral, A. leaving cicatrix in centre 
of stump. A., Cho'part's, operation called after 
Chopart, French surgeon, consisting in removing 
foot in cases of caries or injury of metatarsal, 
cuneiform, cuboid, and scaphoid bones, so as to leave 
merely the astragalus and calcaneum, principal flap 
being obtained from sole of foot. A., cir'cular, that in 
which integuments and muscles are divided circu- 
larly, without leaving separate flaps. In circular 
skin-flap amputation skin is divided by circular in- 
cision and dissected back to point at which circular 
division of soft parts is to be made. A., coat-sleeve, 
form of circular amputation having external cover- 
ing long and puckered together with tape to avoid 
stitches. A., congenital, amputation which has 
occurred during foetal life. A., consec'utive, A. per- 
formed even later than secondary A., as in cases 
of abscess. A. in contiguity, A. at an articula- 
tion. A. in continuity, A. at any other point. 
A., cox'o-fem'oral, A. at hip-joint. A., cuta'- 
neous, A. in which flaps are made of cutaneous tissue; 
see Circular A. A. diaclas'tic, operation comprising 
forcible fracture of bone and amputation with 
ecraseur. A., double-flap, A. with two flaps. A., Du- 
brueil's, external flap amputation at the wrist-joint, 
providing a substantial covering for the bones. A., 
Du'puytren's, a form of a. at shoulder-joint in which 
two rounded flaps are made from external and inter- 
nal parts of arm ; the former by transfixion with nar- 
row-bladed knife at back part two inches behind 
acromion process; humerus being then disarticulated, 
inner flap is made by incision from within outward. 
A., Duval'S, supramalleolar amputation by oblique 
elliptical incision. A., eccen'tric, A. leaving cicatrix 
out of central part of stump. A., ellip'tical, A. in AMPUTATION 
which flap and wound are both rounded, so as to 
have elliptical appearance. A., Farabeuf's, amputa- 
tion at elbow-joint by anterior elliptical method; 
a. of great toe by internal plantar flap method; 
subastragaloid amputation by large internal and 
plantar flap; also amputation of the foot by same 
method; amputation of leg by large external flap. 
A., Fer'gusson's, Pirogoff's A., modified so as to 
retain the malleoli, calcaneum being brought be- 
tween them. A., flap, A. leaving one or two flaps 
to cover stump when limb has been removed; when 
amount of soft parts is not enough to cover bone, and 
parts heal by granulation, operation is said to be flap- 
less a. A., Forbes's, Chopart's A., modified by sepa- 
rating cuneiform bones from scaphoid and sawing 
through cuboid. A., gal'vano-caus'tlc, slow a. of 
soft parts by galvano-cautery wire and sawing of 
bone. A., Gritti's, A. at knee-joint by bringing pre- 
pared surfaces of patella and femur into apposition, 
patella being at first retained in anterior flap. A., 
Gue'rin's, amputation at elbow-joint by single ex- 
ternal flap. A., Guth'rie's, Bedard's hip-joint A., 
modified by cutting flap from without inward; opera- 
tion by oval method for amputation at neck of 
humerus. A., Guyon's, supramalleolar amputation 
by oblique elliptical incision. A., Han'cock's, modi- 
fication of subastragaloid, tuberosity of os calcis being 
saved and turned up to be united to lower surface of 
astragalus, from which slice of bone is taken. A., 
Hey's, amputation of leg by large posterior flap; see 
A., Lisfranc's. A., immediate, A. made within a few 
hours after injury. A., intermediary or interme'- 
diate, see A., mediate. A., interscap'ulo-thoracic, 
operation involving removal of the upper limb, to- 
gether with the scapula and outer two-thirds of the 
clavicle, without disarticulation at the shoulder-joint; 
see A., Berger's. A., intradeltoid'ean, French opera- 
tion, in which the bone is sawn through between 
the tuberosities of the humerus and the inser- 
tions of the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi. 
A., intra-uterine, spontaneous amputation, con- 
genital a., occurring during foetal life from con- 
striction of umbilical cord or other pressure. A., 
joint, A. when limb is removed at an articulation. 
A., Jor'dan's, amputation at hip-joint, the bone 
being first enucleated, and the limb cut through at 
any desired point. A., Lane's, amputation by disar- 
ticulation at the knee-joint. A., Lang'enbeck's, am- 
putation by cutting double flaps from without inward. 
A., Lar'rey's, A. at shoulder-joint, incision being 
made downward from acromion process, and spiral 
incisions at front and back of arm, meeting on in- 
terior part. A., Lee's, Teale's A., modified by taking 
long flap from back part of leg. A., Le Fort's, 
Pirogoff's A., modified by dividing upper portion of os 
calcis from point of insertion of tendo Achillis, so as 
to give larger mass for the heel to rest upon. A., 
Le'noir's, modified circular supramalleolar amputa- 
tion. A., Lis'franc's, amputation of foot by disarticu- 
lation of metatarsal bones from tarsal; Hey's amputa- 
tion differs from this by saving as much of metatarsal 
bones as disease or injury will allow. Also amputa- 
tion at shoulder-joint, flaps being made by trans- 
fixion, head of humerus disarticulated, and internal 
flap made from within outward. A., Lis'ter's, mod- 
ification of Teale's double rectangular flap a., anterior 
flap not being as much longer than posterior as in 
that a. A., Lowd'ham's, method of amputation by 
single flap. A., ma'jor, amputation of large or im- 
portant limbs or at important joints. A., Malgaigne's, 
A. of foot, leaving only astragalus; a form of oval a., 
having one longitudinal incision proceeding from 
spiral incisions below. Amputation of the arm 
by a single rounded flap, usually from the flexor 
surface. A., me'diate, A. performed between oc- 
currence of inflammation and suppuration. A., 
mi'nor, A. not involving important structures, as a. 
at ends of fingers or toes. A., mixed, A., Carden's. 
A., multiple, A. performed several times on one 
person. A., nat'ural, spontaneous a. A. neuro'ma, 
see Neuroma. A., oblique or oval, A. made in such 
51 
A MUSS ATS OPERATION 
way as to present oval appearance of wound, flap of one 
side being received into space of opposite sides by spe- 
cial incisions. A., osteoplas'tic, A. in which osseous 
surfaces are retained in apposition ; see A., Pirogoff's. 
A., Pan'coast's, A. at knee-joint; anteriorly short 
oval flap in which patella is retained, and two flaps 
laterally and posteriorly, meeting about centre of pop- 
liteal space. A., par'tial, intra-uterine amputation; 
amputation of part of a limb or bone. A., patho- 
logical, amputation performed on account of disease. 
A., Per'rin's, oval operation in subastragaloid amputa- 
tion. A., Pirogoff's, mode of amputating at ankle 
proposed by Pirogoff of Russia, consisting in retaining 
portion of calcaneum to impart greater length and 
rotundity to stump. A. at point of elec'tion, A. 
performed at advantageous point. A., Pollock's, 
amputation at knee-joint, the latter being disarticu- 
lated by a long anterior flap. A., pri'mary, amputa- 
tion performed almost immediately after injury, 
before inflammatory complications have appeared. 
Secondary amputations are those performed after sup- 
puration has occurred. A., racket, A., oval. A., 
Rav'aton's, prototype of double-flap amputation (1739). 
A., rectang'ular, A., Teale's. A., Roux's, differs from 
Syme's in flap being made from inner and under side 
of heel. A. Scoutetten's, oval method. A., sec- 
ondary, see A., primary. A., Sedillot's, A. somewhat 
like that of Syme, except that flap is made from in- 
ternal and solar surfaces of foot and ankle. A., skin- 
flap, A., tegumentary. A., Stephen Smith's, amputa- 
tion at the knee-joint by disarticulation by lateral 
hooded flaps. A., Soupart's, elliptical method, as 
at the elbow-joint. A., Spence's, modification of 
Larrey's amputation, longitudinal incision being 
made on internal part of arm in amputation at the 
shoulder-joint. A., spontaneous, intra-uterine am- 
putation or a. from mortification. A., Stokes's, 
modification of Gritti's, so that medullary canal 
of bone is not exposed. A., subastrag'alar or 
subastrag'aloid, French operation, made by heel 
flap as in Syme's A. and dorsal flap as in Chopart's 
A., foot being removed by opening joints between 
scaphoid and astragalus, and disarticulating between 
latter and os calcis. A., subperios'teal, variety of 
a. in which periosteum is sawed in form of flaps, 
so that danger of necrosis may be averted. A., 
supravagi'nal of u'terus, amputation of body of 
uterus. A., Syme's, removal of foot at ankle-joint, 
taking off articular surfaces of bones of leg above 
basis of malleoli, covering for osseous surfaces being 
provided from integument of heel; modification of 
Carden's A., the flaps of skin being crescentic. 
A., Tavignot's, amputation of the leg by large 
posterior flap. A., Teale's, rectangular amputa- 
tion ; modification of flap operation, consisting of 
one long anterior skin and muscular flap and short 
posterior. A., teg'mentary, A. in which flaps are 
made of cutaneous tissues. A., traumat'ic, ampu- 
tation performed on account of injury. A., Tri- 
pier's, modification of Chopart's amputation of the 
foot, making a wide horizontal section of the os calcis, 
providing an excellent flap, and giving a broad and 
level basis of support. A., u'tero-vagi'nal, hystero- 
obphorectomy. A., Ver'male's, double-flap amputa- 
tion by transfixion; amputation of thigh by lateral 
flaps. A., Verneuil's, subastragaloid amputation by 
disarticulation of little toe with its metatarsal bone 
by oval or racket incision. A., Whar'ton's, modifica- 
tion of Teale's A., having only one flap and bone sawn 
across. 
Amputatu'ra. Amputation. 
Amulet, am'u-let (amoliri, to remove). Image or sub- 
stance worn about the person to avert disease or danger. 
Amurca (am-ur'kah) or Amurga, am-ur'gah (amergo, 
to press out). Grounds remaining after olives have 
been crushed and deprived of their oil; used as appli- 
cation to ulcers. 
Amusa, am-u'sah. Musa paradisiaca. 
Am'ussat, valve of. See Gall-bladder. 
Amussat's operation for artificial a'nus. See 
Colotomy. AMUSSIS 
Amussis, am-us'sis (workman's level). Part of pos- 
terior commissure of brain, formed by median fissure 
passing through it. 
Amyasthenia, ah-me-as-then-e'ah {a, mus, muscle, 
asthenia, weakness). Muscular debility. 
Amyasthenic, ah-me-as-then'ik. Tending to or 
affected with muscular debility. 
Amycha (am'ik-ah) or Amyx'is {amusso, to scratch). 
Excoriation, scarification. 
Amyctic, am-ik'tik (same etymon). Medicine 
which stimulates and vellicates the skin; caustic, 
corrosive. 
Amydriasis, am-id-re'as-is. Mydriasis. 
Amyelencephalia, ah-me-el-en-sef-al'e-ah {a, muelos, 
marrow, enkephalos, brain). Absence of spinal mar- 
row and brain; such monstrosity is said to be Amyel- 
enceph' alous. 
Amyelia, ah-me-el'e-ah {a, muelos, marrow). Mon- 
strous formation with absence of spinal marrow. 
Amyelinic, ah-me-el-in'ik {a, muelos, marrow). Term 
applied to nerve-fibres devoid of medullary sheath, 
and to neuromata made up of such fibres. Affected 
with amyelia. 
Amyelonervia (ah-me-el-o-nur've-ah) or Amyelo- 
neuria, ah-me-el-o-nu're-ah {a, muelos, marrow, 
neuron, nerve). Paralysis or deficient action of spinal 
marrow. 
Amyelotrophy, ah-me-el-ot'ro-fe {a, muelos, marrow, 
trophe, nourishment). Atrophy of spinal marrow. 
Amyelus, ah-me'el-us (a, muelos, marrow). Devoid 
of spinal marrow. 
Amyencephalus, ah-me-en-sef'al-us {a, muelos, mar- 
row, kephale, head). Monstrosity without spinal cord 
or brain. 
Amygdala, am-ig'dal-ah. The almond, of which 
there are two kinds, Amygdala amara and A. dulcis, 
obtained from two varieties of Amygdalus com- 
munis or A. sativa, almond tree, native of Barbary, 
ord. Amygdaleae. Taste of Amygdala dulcis, Jordan 
almond, is soft and sweet; that of A. amara, bitter; 
both yield, by expression, a sweet, bland oil. Bitter 
almonds contain prussic acid; they are chiefly used 
for forming emulsions. The tonsil. Amygdala is 
also the tonsil, lobule, or prominence of the cerebel- 
lum, A. cerebelli, from resemblance to enlarged tonsil. 
The amygdalae are seated on either side of the uvula 
in the fourth ventricle. A. ama'ra, see Amygdala. 
A. dul'cis, see Amygdala. A. Per'slca, Amygdalus 
Persica. 
Amyg'dalae. Tonsils. 
Amygdalatum, am-ig-dal-at'um. Almond emul- 
sion ; see Emulsio amygdalae. 
Amygdalia, am-ig-dal'e-ah. Tonsils. 
Amygdalic acid, am-ig'dal-ik as'id. When amyg- 
dalin is partially decomposed. by boiling with an 
alkali, this acid results. 
Amygdalin (am-ig'dal-in) or Amyg'daline. Gluco- 
side contained in bitter almonds, cherry-laurel leaves, 
seeds of peaches, plums, etc., with an albuminoid 
ferment called emulsin or synaptase, by which, 
in presence of heat and moisture, amygdalin is de- 
composed into hydrocyanic acid, oil of bitter al- 
monds, and dextro-glucose. 
Amygdalitis, am-ig-dal-e'tis. Inflammation of 
tonsils; quinsy; see Cynanche tonsillaris. 
Amygdalo-glossus, am-ig'dal-o-glos'sus. Continu- 
ation of fibres of palato-glossus muscle, passing from 
tongue to tonsil; elevates base of tongue. 
Amygdaloid fossa, am-ig'dal-oid fos'sah. Space 
between pillars of fauces in which tonsil is placed. 
A. tu'bercle, prominence at extremity of descending 
cornu of lateral ventricle. 
Amygdaloncus, am-ig-dal-on'kus {amygdala, onkos, 
tumor). Swelling of tonsil. 
Amygdalopathy, am-ig-dal-op'a-the. Disease of 
tonsil. 
Amygdaloplethora, am-ig-dal-o-pletli-o'rah. Con- 
gestion of tonsil. 
Amygdalotome, am-ig'dal-o-tome {amygdala, ton- 
sil, tome, incision). Tonsillotome, or instrument for 
cutting off part or whole of tonsil. 
52 
! AMYLIC 
Amygdalotomy, am-ig-dal-ot'o-me. Excision of 
tonsil or tonsils. 
Amygdalum, am-ig'dal-mn. Amygdalus. 
Amyg'dalus. See Amygdala. A. commu'nis, see 
Amygdala. A. Per'slca, common peach tree. Leaves 
and flowers have been considered laxative; they are 
bitter and aromatic. The fruit, peach, is a pleasant and 
wholesome summer fruit when ripe; the kernels, 
amygdalae Persicie, as well as flowers, contain prussic 
acid. A. sati'va, see Amygdala. 
Amygdaly'pertrophia. Hypertrophy of tonsil. 
Amygmus, am-ig'mus {amusso, to scratch). Scarifi- 
cation. 
Amykos, am'ik-os. Compound of boric acid and 
thymol, used in Northern and North-eastern Europe 
as disinfectant in gonorrhcea and catarrhal conditions. 
Amyl, am'il. C5H11. Hypothetical radical of ho- 
mologous series, which includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, 
etc. Several of its compounds have therapeutic value. 
See also Amylum. A. ac'etate, similar in its proper- 
ties to nitrite and iodide, though to less degree. A. 
alcohol, amylic alcohol. A. chlor'ide, colorless fluid, 
employed as anaesthetic; too slow and profound in 
effects for ordinary practice. A., hy'drated ox'ide 
of, fusel oil. A. tiy'dride or hy'druret, hydramyl, 
colorless volatile liquid, said to be lightest 
known, proposed as anaesthetic by Prof. J. Y. 
Simpson. Mixed with ether, it may be employed 
in the form of spray as local anaesthetic. For 
inhalation it is dangerous on account of in- 
solubility in the blood. A. i'odide is said to 
resemble amylic alcohol in its effects. Animal under 
its influence moves for some time in a circle, whether 
spontaneously or under excitation. It does not pro- 
duce insensibility to pain. A. ni'trate, liquid derived 
from amylic alcohol. A. ni'trite, C5H11NO2, amyl nitris 
(Ph. U. S.), inflammable volatile ethereal fluid; has 
odor of over-ripe pears, and is antiseptic. It is 
readily absorbed by mucous membranes and areolar 
tissue, producing immediately violent action of the 
heart. It dilates the capillaries and reduces arterial 
pressure. Consciousness is not destroyed by it. It 
must be inhaled in very small doses, three to five 
drops at a time. Its efficacy in angina pectoris and 
respiratory neuroses seems to be well established. It 
is also employed to cut short epileptic attacks and 
paroxysms of intermittent fever. It is an antidote to 
chloral and chloroform. 
Amyla, am'e-lah. Starches. 
Amylacea, am-e-lah'se-ah. Starchy articles of diet. 
Amylaceous, am-il-a'shus {amylum, starch). Having 
nature of, or containing, starch; starchy, starch-like. 
A. bod'ies, corpora amylacea. 
Amylamine, am-il'a-meen. C5H13N. Colorless liquid 
resulting from action of potassa on cyanate of amyl. 
A. hydrochlo'rate, C5H13NHCI, soluble crystalline 
salt, employed as antiperiodic. 
Amylen (am'e-len) or Amylene, am'il-een. Volatile 
liquid prepared by distilling amylic alcohol with con- 
centrated solution of chloride of zinc, sp. gr. 0.655 at 
10° C. Has been used as anaesthetic, but is more dan- 
gerous than chloroform. A. hy'drate, C5H12O, dime- 
thylethyl carbinol; tertiary amyl alcohol; made by 
shaking together at 0° C., or under, 300 cc.'of amyline 
and 600 cc. of sulphuric acid; clear, soluble, oily 
liquid, penetrating odor, sp. gr. 0.812; hypnotic. 
Dose, gtt. xx-xxx. 
Amylenization, am - il - e - ni - za' shun. Producing 
anaesthesia by amylin. 
Amyleon, am-il'e-on. Starch. 
Amyli iodidum, am'il-e i-o'did-um. Starch, iodide 
of. A. iodure'tum, starch, iodide of. 
Amylic, am-il'ik (amylum). Containing amyl. A. 
acid, C5H10O2. When amylic alcohol is acted upon by 
oxidizing agents it loses 2H and gains O5; properties 
identical with valerianic acid. A. alco'hol, C5H12O. 
Known also as fusel oil, amyl alcohol, amyl hydrate, 
grain-oil, etc.; heavy liquid, soluble in alcohol, but not 
in water, produced by continuance of fermentation of 
grain and potatoes; penetrating odor and taste after 
spirit proper has been obtained from it. Hypnotic, AMYLIN J 
especially in mental diseases. Has been used as 
adulterant of whiskey. 
Amylin, am'il-in. Starch cellulose. 
Amylion, am-il'e-on. Starch. 
Amylium (am-il'e-um) chlo'ride. Amylamine 
chloride. A. nitro'sum, amyl nitrite. 
Am'ylo-dex 'trin. Ery thr odextr in. 
Amyloid, am'il-oid (amylum, and eidos, resemblance). 
Resembling starch; glycogen. A. bod'ies, see Cor- 
pora amylacea. k. degeneration, pathological condi- 
tion in which a firm waxy substance is present in the 
tissues, not responding to chemical agents and resist- 
ing putrefaction. It usually occurs in the abdominal 
organs; see Lardaceous. 
Amyloids, am'il-oids. Non-nitrogenous aliments- 
starch, sugar, and their allies. 
Amylolysis, am-il-ol'is-is (amylum, lusis, separation). 
Transformation of starch into glucose by decomposi- 
tion of the former; to such ferment as the saliva or 
pancreatic juice the term Amylolytic is applied. 
Amylon, am'il-on. Amylum, glycogen. 
Amylo-nitrous ether, am'il-o-ni'trus e'thur. Amyl 
nitrite. 
Amylopsin. Ferment from pancreatic juice, re- 
sembling ptyalin, converting starch into sugar. 
Amyloses, am'il-o-zes. Materials like starch ; group 
including starch, dextrin, glycogen, cellulose, etc. 
Amyloxydum (am-il-oks'id-um) nitro'sum. Amyl 
nitrite. 
Amylum, am'il-um (a, mule, mill, because made 
without a mill). Starch, starch of wheat, farina; fecula 
of seed of Triticum vulgare, inodorous and insipid, 
white and friable; insoluble in cold water and alcohol, 
but forming with boiling water strong, semitrans- 
parent jelly; demulcent. It is dusted on excoriated 
surfaces as absorbent of irritating secretions. Free 
iodine is a delicate test for starch, giving deep-blue 
color when added to it. Starch is met with abun- 
dantly in all cereal grains, in stalks of many palms, in 
some lichens, and in many tuberous roots, particularly 
in bulbs of the orchis. CsHioOs. It is converted by 
dilute acids or diastase into dextrin and dextrose. A. 
al'bum, wheat starch. A. America'num, arrow-root. 
A. can'nae or canna'ceum, tous-les-mois. A. cur'- 
cumse, East Indian arrow-root. A. ioda'tum, starch, 
iodide of. A. ma'idis, corn starch. A. manihot'icum, 
tapioca. A. maranta'ceum, arrow-root. A. nitro'- 
sum, amyl nitrite. A. ory'zae, rice starch. A. palma'- 
ceum, sago. A. quer'neum, racahout. A. sa'gi, sago. 
A. sola'ni, potato starch. A. tritic'eum, amylum. 
A. trit'ici, amylum. 
Amyocardia, ah-me-o-kar'de-ah (a, mus, muscle, 
kardia, heart). Feeble muscular action of the heart. 
Amyon, ah'me-on (a, muon, muscle). Without mus- 
cle ; applied to limbs so extenuated that muscles can- 
not be distinguished. 
Amyosthenia, ah-me-os-then-e'ah. Defect of 
power of muscular contraction Medicine capable of 
diminishing muscular power is an Amyosthen'ic. 
Amyotroph'ia or Amyot'rophy. Atrophy of muscle 
or muscles. A. spina'lls progressi'va, progressive 
muscular atrophy. 
Amyotroph'ic lat'eral sclero'sis. Progressive mus- 
cular atrophy, due to sclerosis of lateral columns of 
spinal cord. A. paral'ysis, paralysis due to muscular 
atrophy. 
Amyous, ah'me-us (a, mus, muscle). Deficient in 
muscular development or power. 
Am'yrin. Resinous constituent of elemi. 
Amyris, am'ir-is (a, intensive, muron, odoriferous 
ointment). A. balsamif'era, Rosewood, White can- 
dle-wood; exudes resinous balsam. A. Caran'na, 
source of balsamic resin, Caranna or Manilla elemi. 
A. elemif'era, plant whence gum elemi is obtained; 
gum or resin is brought from Spanish East and West 
Indies; softish, transparent, whitish color, and strong, 
though not unpleasant, smell; used in ointment and 
plasters. A. Gileaden'sis, plant growing in Africa 
and Arabia, said to yield balm of Gilead. A. opobal'- 
samum, plant from which is obtained balsam of 
Mecca, balsam or balm of Gilead, by incisions; juice 
53 
( AN ACHONCH YLISM 
of fruit is called carpobalsamum; that of wood and 
branches xylobalsamum; it has properties of milder 
terebinthinates. A. Plumie'ri, West Indian plant 
yielding elemi resin. A. tomento'sa, Fagara oc- 
tandra. 
Amyron, am'ir-on. Carthamus tinctorius. 
Amytose, am'it-oze. Material like starch; one of 
group including starch, dextrin, glycogen, cellulose, 
etc. 
Amyus, ah'me-us (a, mus, muscle). Amyous. 
Amyxia, ah-miks'e-ah (a, muxa, mucus). Deficiency 
or absence of mucus. 
Amyxis, ah-mix'is. Excoriation ; scarification. 
An, as prefix. See A, Ad, and Am. 
A'na. Of each; used in prescriptions as well as a 
and da, its abbreviations; as prefix, it means in, 
through, upward, above, in opposition to cata-also, 
again, repetition, like the English re. 
Anabasis, an-ab'as-is (anabaino, to ascend). First 
period of disease, or that of increase. A. aphyl'la, 
species of Chenopodiacese used in leprosy. A. Tamaris- 
cifo'lia, used in S. Europe as anthelmintic; source of 
chouan. 
Anabexis, an-ah'beks-is (ajia, besso, to cough). Ex- 
pectoration ; ptyalism. 
Anabiosis, an-ah-be-o'sis (ana, biosis, life). Restora- 
tion of life or vital power; faculty possessed by cer- 
tain organisms after being dried and heated and ap- 
parently devoid of vitality. 
Anabiotic, an-ah-be-ot'ik (ana, biosis, life). Coming 
to life again; having faculty of being restored to 
vitality and vigor. 
Anablepsis, an-ah-blep'sis (ana, blepo, to see). Res- 
toration of sight. 
Anabolseon, an-ah-bo-le'on (anaballo, to cast up). 
Ointment for extracting darts or other extraneous 
bodies. 
Anabole, an-ab'o-la (same etymon). Evacuation 
upward; act of ejecting by the mouth; it includes ex- 
spuition, expectoration, regurgitation, and vomiting. 
Anabolism, an-ab'o-lizm (anaballo, to cast up). Pro- 
cess of building up; opposite of katabolism; process 
of assimilation or of building up living matter. 
Anabrochismus, an-ah-bro-kis'mus (ana, bronchos, 
running knot). Operation for removing eyelashes 
when they irritate the eye, by means of hair knotted 
around them ; removal of tumor by ligation. 
Anabrosis, an-ah-bro'sis (ana, brosko, to eat). Cor- 
rosion ; erosion. 
Anabrotic, an-ah-bro'tik. Corrosive. 
Anacampseros, an-ah-kamp'se-ros. Sedum tele- 
phium. 
Anacamptic, an-ah-kamp'tik (ana, kampto, to bend). 
Reflecting rays of sound or light. 
Anacamptometer, an-a-kamp-tom'e-ter, (anakampto, 
to bend back). Instrument to measure amount of 
spasmodic movement of knee in knee clonus. 
Anacardiacese, an-a-kar-de-ah'se-a. Order Tere- 
binthacese; the sumacs. 
Anacar'dium latifo'lium (ana, kardia, heart, from 
resemblance of fruit to dried heart). Semecarpus 
anacardium. A. na'num, properties like those of A. 
occidentale, vesicant. A. occidenta'le, cashew of W. 
Indies. Oil of cashew-nut is an active caustic, used 
especially for warts, etc. Gum resembling gum Arabic, 
cashew gum, exudes from the bark. The bark is 
used in syphilis; astringent oil from the nut in 
ophthalmia. A. orienta'le, Avicennia tomentosa. 
Anacatharsis, an-ah-kath-ar'sis (ana, kaihaireo, 
topurge). Vomiting; purgation upward; expectora- 
tion. A. catarrha'lis sim'plex, catarrh. 
Anacathartic, an-ah-kath-ar'tik. Producing ex- 
pectoration or vomiting. Expectorant, emetic, or 
sternutatory medicine. 
Anacestos, an-ah-ces'tos (an, akeomai, to cure). In- 
curable. 
Anachauite wood. Wood of Cordia Boissieri, Mexi- 
can plant; decoction is used in phthisis. 
Anachesmus, an-ah-kes'mus (ana, knesma, itching). 
Itching. 
Anachonchylism, an-ah-kon'kil-izm. Gargling. ANACHREMPSIS 
Anachrempsis, an-ah-kremp'sis (ana, chrempsis, spit- 
ting). Exspuition; expectoration. 
Anachremptum, an-ah-kremp'tum. Sputum. 
Anachron, an'ak-ron. Soda. 
Anacinema, an-ah-sin-a'mah (ana, kineo, to move). 
Evacuation upward, as by expectoration or vomiting. 
Exercise by upward movement of the arms. Ex- 
spuition. 
Anacinesis, an-ah-sin-a'sis. Evacuation upward, 
as by expectoration or vomiting. Mental excitement. 
Anaclasis (an-ak'las-is) or Anaclasmus, an-ak 
las'mus, (bending or breaking upward or backward). 
Flexion of joints; fracture; reflection or refraction. 
Repercussion. 
Anaclas'tic. Relating to reflected light or sound. 
Anaclas'tics. Dioptrics. 
Anaclinterium (an-ah-klin-ta're-um) or Anaclin- 
trum, an-ah-klin'trum (anaklino, to recline). Long 
chair or seat for reclining. 
Anacollema, an-ah-kol-la'mah (ana, kollao, to glue). 
Healing medicine; frontal bandage. 
Anacoluthia, an-ah-kol-u'the-ah (an, akolouthos, 
consequent). Incoherence. 
Anacomide, an-ah-kom'id-a (ana, komizo, to bring). 
Restoration of health or strength. 
Anaconchyliasm (an-ah-konk'il-e-asm) or Anacon'- 
chylism (anakonchuliazo, to gargle). Gargle or gar- 
gling. 
Anacope, an-aVo-pe. Nausea. 
Anacrotic (an-a-krot'ik) or Anacrotous, an-ak'rot- 
us (ana, krotos, clapping of hands). A term applied 
to oscillation in the ascent of the curve of the sphyg- 
mograph, Anac'rotism, occurring usually in dilatation 
and hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart, or 
after ligation of an artery. 
Anactesis, an-ak-ta'sis (ana, ktaomai, to acquire). 
Restoration of strength or health. 
Anactir'ion. Artemisia. 
Anacuphisma, an-ak-u-fiz'mah. Lifting up; sus- 
pension, light exercise; diminution of force of disease. 
Anacycleon, an-ah-sik'le-on (ana, kukleo, to go in a 
circle). Charlatan. 
Anacyclesis, an-ah-sik-la'sis. Circulation; circu- 
lation in cells. 
Anacyclus (an-ah-sik'lus) au'reus. Plant, nat. 
ord. Composite, growing in Europe; stomachic. A. 
offlcina'rum, pellitory of the shops in Germany. A. 
pyre'thrum, Anthemis pyrethrum. 
Anadesma, an-ah-des'mah (ana, desmos, bandage). 
Fascia, bandage. 
Anadicrotic, an-ah-dik-rot'ik. Form of dicrotic 
pulse, or double beat, variations of which appear in 
the elevation of the sphygmograph. Condition is 
called 
Anadidymus, au-ah-did'im-us (ana, didumos, twin). 
Double monstrosity from one germinal vesicle. 
Anadiplosis, an-ah-dip-lo'sis (ana, diploo, to double). 
Redoubling occurring in paroxysm of intermittent, 
when its type is double. 
Anadip'sia (ana, dipsos, thirst). Intense thirst. 
Anadora, an-ad'o-rah. Excoriation; ulceration. 
Anadosis (giving up), an-ad'o-sis. Purgation up- 
ward, as by vomiting. Congestion of blood toward 
upper parts of body; chylification; diadosis means 
capillary nutrition. 
Anadrome, an-ad'ro-ma (anadrome, ascension). 
Transport of humor or pain from a lower to an upper 
part. Globus hystericus. 
Anadromous, an-ad'ro-mus. Pertaining to pains 
which ascend from the lower to the upper part of 
the body. 
Ansedoeus, an-e-de'us (an, aidoia, organs of genera- 
tion). Monster devoid of sexual organs. 
Anaema, an-e'mah (an, haima, blood). Bloodless 
animals, as intestinal worms. 
Anaamasia (an-e-mah'ze-ah) or Anaemasis, an-e'- 
mas-is. Fatal disease of mules, anaemia being main 
symptom; anaemia. 
Anaematopoesis, an-e-mat-o-po-e'sis (an, haima, 
blood, poieo, to make). Impeded or obstructed haema- 
tosis. 
54 
ANAESTHESIA 
Anaematosis, an-e-mat-o'sis (an, haima, blood). 
Defective haematosis; anaemia. 
Anaemia (an-e'me-ah) or Ane'mia (an, haima, blood). 
Bloodlessness; privation of blood, opposite condition to 
plethora or hyperaemia. It is characterized by every 
sign of debility; diminished quantity of fluids in capil- 
lary vessels. The essential character of the blood in 
anaemia is diminution in ratio of red corpuscles, also 
of albumen. A., cer'ebral, deficiency of supply of 
blood to brain. A., essen'tial, progressive pernicious 
anaemia. A., fe'cal, A. associated with constipation. 
A., glob'ular, A. from deficiency of red corpuscles. 
A., idiopath'ic, progressive pernicious anaemia. A., 
lymphatic, lymphadenoma, Hodgkin's disease. A., 
miner's, A. due to ankylostoma duodenale in 
intestine. A., palu'dal, A. from malaria. A., 
pas'sive, A. from mechanical pressure.. A., per- 
nicious or progressive pernicious, form of extreme 
anaemia, advancing steadily or with slight remissions 
to fatal result. A., pri'mary, chlorosis. A., pul'- 
monary, A. of lungs, as in emphysema. A., ret'inal, 
A. affecting calibre of retinal arteries. A., se'nile, 
A. of old persons, with diminution of albumen and 
red corpuscles and increase of fibrin. A., spi'nal, A. 
of spinal cord, affecting sensation and motion. A., 
splen'ic, generalized lymphadenoma, Hodgkin's 
disease. A., tuber'cular, chlorosis. 
Anaemiated, an-e'me-a-ted. Anaemic. 
Anaemic, an'e-mik. Appertaining or relating to 
anaemia. Exanguious. A., murmur, gentle murmur 
in the anaemic heard on auscultation at base of heart 
over the large vessels. A. protru'sion of eye'balls, 
exophthalmic goitre. 
Anaemochrous, an-e-mok'rus (an, haima, blood, 
chroa, color). Devoid of color; pale. 
Anaemosis, an-e-mo'sis. Anaemia. 
Anaemotrophy, an-e-mot'ro-fe (an, haima, blood, 
trophe, nourishment). Deficiency of sanguineous 
nourishment. 
Anaemydria, an-e-mid're-ah (an, haima, blood, hudor, 
water). Condition of blood in which there is di- 
minished quantity of serum. 
Anaeretic, an-e-ret'ik (anaireo, to destroy). Any 
agent corrosive or destructive to tissues. 
Anaerobia, an-ah-er-o'be-ah, pl. of Anaerobion (an, 
aer, air, bios, life). Micro-organisms which do not re- 
quire oxygen for their existence, or whose life is de- 
stroyed by it. Such bodies are said to be Anaero'bic; 
they live through medium of fermentation they cause. 
It is called facultative when the organism accustomed 
to oxygen becomes anaerobic. 
Anaerobic, an-ah-er-o'bik (same etymon). See 
Anaerobia. 
Anaerobiosis, an-ah-er-o-be-o'sis (same etymon). 
Life in an oxygenless medium. 
Anaeromicrobion, an-ah-er-o-mik-ro'be-on. Anaero- 
bic micro-organism. 
Anaeroplasty, an-ah'er-o-plas-te (an, aer, air, plasso, 
to form). Treatment of wounds underwater, not ex- 
posed to air. 
Anaesthecine'sis (an, aisthesis, sensation, kinesis, 
motion). Loss of sensibility and motion. 
Anaesthesia, an-es-the'ze-ah (an,aisthanomai, to feel). 
Privation of sensation, and especially of that of touch, 
according to some; paralysis of sensibility. It may 
be general or partial, and is almost always symp- 
tomatic, or it may be the result of application of a gen- 
eral or local anaesthetic. A. acus'tica, deafness. A. 
angeiospas'tica, A. from spasm of blood-vessels, as in 
writer's cramp. A., bul'bar, A. from injury of pons 
Varolii or medulla oblongata. A., cen'tral, A. 
from disease or injury of central nervous sys- 
tem. A., cere'bral, A. from disease or injury of 
brain. A., crossed, A. of one side, due to injury 
of other side of spinal cord. A. doloro'sa, loss of 
sensibility of part, with pain from other causes. A., 
gen'eral, A. of whole of the body. A., gir'dle, A. in 
zone around the body. A. gustato'ria or lin'guae, 
loss of sense of taste. A., lo'cal, A. of a circumscribed 
part or region. A., musc'ular, loss of muscular 
sense, as in locomotor ataxia. A. nascen'tium, as- AN/ESTH ESI M ETER 
phyxia of new-born. A. olfacto'ria, anosmia. A., 
optic, amaurosis. A., peripheral, A. from influences 
affecting end-organs of muscles. A. sexua'lis, absence 
of sexual passion. A. by suggestion, hypnotism. A., 
sur'gical, complete and profound A. from action of 
anaesthetic, as during operation. A. unilatera'lis, 
hemianaesthesia. 
Ansesthesimeter, an-es-thes-im'e-tur (anaesthesia, 
metron, measure). Instrument for measuring quantity 
of anaesthetic employed or degree of anaesthesia. 
Anaesthesis, an-es-the'zis. Anaesthesia; production 
of anaesthesia. 
Anaesthetic, an-es-thet'ik. Relating to privation 
of feeling; agent that prevents feeling, or that pro- 
duces such effect by being received into the lungs in 
form of vapor or gas, and passing with the blood to 
the nervous centres on which its action is exerted. 
The intellectual faculties first feel the influence, intox- 
ication supervening, with imperfect power of regulat- 
ing movements; the sensory ganglia become after- 
ward or simultaneously affected, sensation and 
motion are suspended, and ultimately, if the quan- 
tity inhaled be sufficient, the medulla oblongata has 
its actions suspended or destroyed, respiration ceases, 
and death results. Some anaesthetics, when applied to 
a part, deaden the sensibility or benumb it, and thus 
act as local anaesthetics ; cold, as by ether, cocaine, car- 
bolic acid, and iodoform are the chief of these. The 
chief general anaesthetics are ether, chloroform, nitrous 
oxide, bromoform, tetrachloride of carbon, trichlorhy- 
drin, bichloride of methylene, paraldehyde, bichloride 
of ethidene, and ethyl bromide. 
Anesthetization, an-es-thet-iz-a'shun. Condition 
of nervous system induced by anaesthetics. Employ- 
ment of an agent for such purposes. To anaesthetize or 
anesthetize is to employ such agents. 
Anaesthetolepra, an-es-thet-o-lep'rah. Lepra ac- 
companied with anaesthesia; anaesthetic leprosy. 
Anaesthetospasm, an-es-thet'o-spazm. Convulsive 
motion with unconsciousness. 
Anaesthe'tus. Anaesthetic. 
Anagallis, an-ag-al'lis (ana, gala, milk, from power 
of coagulating milk). Red pimpernel, Scarlet pimper- 
nel, Shepherd's sun-dial, Chickweed, nat. ord. Primu- 
laceae. Common European plant; reputed antispas- 
modic and stomachic. A. aquat'ica, Veronica becca- 
bunga. A. arven'sis, pimpernel; herb of W. United 
States, used in rheumatism. A. caeru'lea has similar 
properties. 
Anagargalicton, an-ah-gar-gal-ik'ton (anagarga- 
rizo, to gargle). Gargling. 
Anagargarism (an-a-gar'gar-izm) or Anagargaris- 
ton, an-ah-gar-gar-is'ton. Gargling. 
Anagennesis (an-ah-gen-na'sis) or Anagenesis, an- 
ah-jen'es-is (ana, gennao, to generate). Regeneration; 
growing again. 
Anaglyphe, an-ag'lif-e (ana, glupho, to carve). Cala- 
mus scriptorius. 
Anaglyptoscope, an-a-glip'to-skope (anaglyphe, carv- 
ing, skopeo, to see). Arrangement for reversing casts, 
to change appearance of the cut and relief portions. 
Anagnate, an-ag'nate (ana, gnathos, jaw). Not hav- 
ing a jaw. 
Anagnosis, an-ag-no'sis (ana, gnosis, knowledge). 
Profound knowledge of medicine. 
Anagnostakis, an-ag-nos'tak-is (after the Greek 
physician who invented it). Ophthalmoscope. 
Anago'ge (ana, ago, to lead). Expectoration, vom- 
iting; rejection. 
Anagraph, an'a-graf (ana, grapho, to write). Pre- 
scription. 
Anagyris (an-ag'ir-is), Anagyrus, an-ag'ir-us, or 
A. foetida. Stinking-bean trefoil. Ord. Leguminosae. 
Native of Italy. Leaves are powerfully purgative; 
juice is diuretic; seeds are emetic. 
Anaisthesia (an-ais-tha'ze-ah) or Anaisthsesia. 
Anaesthesia. 
Anaixesis, an-ikes-e'sis (anaisso, to begin afresh). 
Return of a disease. 
Anakainosis, an-ah-ki-no'sis (ana, kainizo, to renew). 
Renewal or restoration. A., gen'ital, restoration by 
55 
ANAMNESTIC 
operation of the vulvo-vaginal and uterine tract 
without interference with its functions. 
Anakinesis, an-ah-kin-a'sis (ana, kineo, to move). 
Agitation. Fusion, as of germs. 
Anaklasis, an-ak'las-is (bending upward or back- 
ward). Flexion of joints. 
Anakroasia, an-ah-kro-ah'ze-a (an, deprivative, 
akroasis, lecture). Want of appreciation of meaning 
of spoken words, although sound is distinctly heard. 
Anakrotia, an-ah-kro'she-a. Anachrotism. 
Anakusia (an-ah-ku'ze-ah) or Anaku'sis (an, akouo, 
to hear). Loss of hearing. 
A'nal. Relating or appertaining to the anus, as 
anal region, anal fascia. A. re'flex, see Reflex. 
Analdia, an-al'de-ah (an, aldo, to grow). Defective 
nutrition. 
Analectis (an-ah-lek'tis) or Analectris, an-ah-lek'- 
tris. Cushion to hide a deformed part. 
Analectrotonous. Anelectrotonous. 
Analemsia (an-ah-lem'she-ah) or Analentia, an-ah- 
len'she-ah. Analepsia. 
Analepsia (an-ah-lep'she-ah) or Analepsis, an-ah- 
lep'sis (ana, lambano, to take). Convalescence; resto- 
ration to strength after disease. Sympathetic epi- 
lepsy from gastric disorder. Support given to frac- 
tured extremity, as by suspension. 
Analeptic, an-a-iep'tik. Restorative, as medicine 
or food adapted to recruit strength during disease or 
convalescence. 
Analges, an-al'jes (an, algos, pain). Not sensitive 
or subject to pain, as in mortification. 
Analgesia (an-al-ge'ze-ah) or Analgia, an-al'je-ah 
(an, algos, pain). Stupor; insensibility; insensibility 
to pain, but not to tactile and other impressions. 
Analgesic, an-al-je'sik. Anaesthetic; relieving pain, 
as anodyne. 
Anal'gia. Analgesia. 
Analgic, an-al'jik. Analgesic ; free from pain. 
Analogism, an-al'o-jizm. The process of judging 
diseases by analogy. 
Analogous. Resembling or conforming to other 
part or organ. A. tis'sues, diseased tissues resembling 
normal elementary tissues. 
Analogue, an'a-log (ana, logos, proportion). Part in 
one organized being having same function as part in 
another organized being. 
Analosis, an-al'o-sis (wasting). Atrophy. 
Analthes, an-al'thes. Incurable. 
Analthetic, an-al-thet'ik. Incurable. 
Analysis, an-al'is-is (ana, luo, to loose). Resolution 
of anything into its component parts. It is qualita- 
tive when employed to discover the ingredients of a 
compound; quantitative when made with the view of 
determining the quantity of each. A., gasomet'ric, 
eudiometry, gasometry; chemical analysis for esti- 
mating the volume of gases in different specimens of 
atmosphere. A., gravimet'ric, quantitative analysis 
obtained by weighing analyzed bodies or their prod- 
ucts. A., organ'ic, analysis of organic substances. 
A., prismat'ic, spectrum analysis. A., prox'imate, 
analysis to determine the proximate principles of a 
body. A., qualitative, A. of number and character 
of elements composing a body. A., quantitative, A. 
of proportionate number of elements composing a 
body. A., spectroscop'ic or spectrum, see Spectrum. 
A., ultimate, analysis to ascertain the ultimate con- 
stituents of a compound. A., volumet'ric, quantita- 
tive analysis by determining the components by 
volume. 
Analytical. Relating to analysis, as analytical 
chemistry. 
Analyzer, an'al-i-zur. Polariscope. 
Anamintin, an-am-in'tin. Principle derived from 
picrotoxin. 
Anamirta, an-am-ir'tah. Genus of Menisperma- 
ceie. A. coc'culus, Menispermum cocculus. A. panic- 
ulata, Menispermum cocculus. 
Anamnesia (an-am-na'ze-a) or Anamnesis, an-am- 
na'zis (ana, mnesis, remembrance). Tracing of ear- 
lier history of a disease. 
Anamnestic, an-am-nes'tik (ana, mnesis, remem- ANAMNIOTA I 
brance). Relating to earlier history of a disease. 
Medicine for improving memory. 
Anamniota, an-am-ne-o'ta (an, amnion). Amphibi- 
ous or other animals without amnion. 
Anamorphosis, an-a-mor'fo-sis (ana, morphe, shape). 
Term used in optics to denote the means by which a 
distorted image is returned to its original shape. 
Ananas, an-an'as. Bromelia ananas. A. acule- 
a'ta, Bromelia ananas. A. America'na, Bromelia 
pinguin. A. ova'ta, Bromelia ananas. A., wild, 
broad-leaved, Bromelia pinguin. 
Anance, an-an'se. Rough or severe surgical Treat- 
ment, as in fractures and dislocations. 
Anandria, an-an-dre'ah (an, aner, a man). Want of 
manliness; impotence (male); emasculation. The 
individual is Anan'der. 
Ananeosis, an-an-e-o'sis (ana, neos, new, and osis). 
Renovation or renewal, as of blood by chyliferous 
vessels and lymphatics. 
Anankophagia, an-an-ko-fah'je-ah (ananke, re- 
straint, phago, to eat). Restricted diet, as during a 
course of training. 
Anapalindrom'esis (anapalin, opposite, dromos, a 
race). Recurrence of disease on opposite sides. 
Anapausis, an-ah-pau'sis (rest). Rest, restoration, 
remission. 
Anapeiratic, an-ah-pi-rat'ik (anapeirasthai, to repeat 
an exercise). Due to continuous muscular exercise; 
writer's cramp, for instance, a form of spasm of co- 
ordination of muscles so engaged, and therefore an 
anapeiratic disease. 
Anaperia, an-ap-er'e-ah (anaperos, crippled). 
Lameness; mutilation or injury, as of limb. 
Anapetia, an-ah-pet-e'ah (anapates, expanded). 
Expansion of vessels; state opposite to that of 
closure. 
Anaphalakrosis, an-ah-fal-ak-ro'sis (anaphalakros, 
bald-headed). Baldness, especially of front of head. 
Anaphalantiasis (an-ah-fal-an-te'as-is) or Ana- 
nhalantoma, an-ah-fal-an-to'mah (ana, phalanthos, 
bald). Loss of hair of the eyebrows; baldness in gen- 
eral. 
Anaphe (an'af-a) or Anaphia, an-af'e-ah (an, haphe, 
touch). Diminution or privation of sense of touch; 
exaggeration of sense of touch. 
Anaphlasis (an-af'las-is) or Anaphlasmus, an-af- 
las'mus (anaphlao, to produce erection). Mastur- 
bation. 
Anaphonesis, an-af-o-na'sis (ana, phone, voice). 
Exercise of voice; vociferation; act of crying out. 
Anaphora, an-af'o-rah (ana, phero, to carry). An- 
abole. 
Anaphrodisia, an-af-ro-diz'e-ah (an, Aphrodite, Ne- 
nus). Absence of venereal appetite. 
Anaphrodisiac, an-af-ro-diz'e-ak. Without sexual 
desire; also medicine which diminishes sexual desire. 
The chief articles of this class are ice, cold baths, 
local and general, bromides of potassium and ammo- 
nium, iodide of potassium, conium, camphor, digitalis, 
purgatives, nauseants, bleeding. 
Anaphrodite, an-af'ro-dite. One who is anaphro- 
disiac. 
Anaphroditic, an-af-ro-dit'ik. Reproducing with- 
out intercourse of sexes. 
Anaphroditism, an-af'ro-dit-izm. Anaphrodisia. 
Anaphroditous, an-af-rod'it-us. Without sexual 
desire. 
Anaphromeli, an-af-rom'el-e (an, aphros, froth, 
meli, honey). Clarified honey. 
Anaphthla, an-af'the-ah. Anaudia. 
Anaphysis, an-af'is-is (ana, phuo, to produce). An- 
agennesis. 
Anaphytopyra, an-af-it-op'ir-ah (anaphusis, re- 
newed growth, pwr, fever). Fever supposed to occur 
about time of puberty or at certain periods of growth. 
Anaplasis (an-ap'las-is) or Anaplasmus, an-ap- 
las'mus (anaplasso, to restore). Restoration; union 
or consolidation of a fractured bone. 
Anaplastic (an-a-plas'tik) or Anaplasmatic, an-a- 
plas-mat'ik. Epithet applied to art of restoring lost 
parts or normal shape, as anaplastic surgery, An'a- 
1 ANASARCA 
plasty. Agent increasing amount of plastic matter 
in the blood. 
Anaplasty, an'a-plas-te. See Anaplastic. 
Anaplerosis, an-ah-pler-o'sis (ana, pleroo, to fill). 
Repletion ; surgical therapeutics supplying parts that 
are wanting or lost substance; cicatrization. 
Anaplerotic, an-a-pler-ot'ik. Tending or relating 
to repletion, or supply of lost parts; promoting regen- 
eration of flesh. 
Anapleusis, an-ah-plu'sis (ana,pleo, to swim). Loose- 
ness of exfoliated bone or of carious or other tooth. 
Anaplosis, an-ah-plo'sis (ana, aploo, to unfold, and 
osis). Growth. 
Anapneusls, an-ap-nu'sis (ana, pneo, to breathe). 
Respiration; cessation of pain. 
Anapnoe, an-ap'no-a. Respiration. 
Anapnoenu'si (anapnoe, nousos, disease). Diseases 
of the respiratory organs. 
Anapnograph, an-ap'no-graf (anapnoe, grapho, to 
describe). Apparatus on principle of sphygmograph 
to register speed, pressure, and quantity of aerial cur- 
rents in respiratory tracts. 
Anapnoic, an-ap'no-ik (an, apnoia, want of power 
of breathing). Restoring power of breathing; re- 
lating to respiration, the movements of inspiration 
and expiration, etc. 
Anapnometer, an-ap-nom'e-tur (anapnoe, metron, 
measure). Spirometer, anapnograph. 
Anapnoonusi, an-ap-no-on-u'se (anapnoe, respiration, 
nousos, disease). Respiratory diseases. 
Anapodisis (an-ah-pod'is-is) or Anapodismus, an- 
ah-po-dis'mus (anapodizo, to go back). Retroversion. 
A. u'teri, retroversion of the uterus. 
Anapodophyllum Canadense, an-ah-po-do-fil'lnm 
kan-ad-en'sa. Podophyllum peltatum. 
Anapophysis, an-ah-pof'is-is (ana, apophysis, out- 
growth). Inferior posterior tubercle or apophysis on 
the lumbar vertebrae. 
Anaposis, an-ap'o-sis (ana, posis, drink). Recession 
of humors from circumference to centre of body. 
Anapsyctica, an-ap-sik'te-kah (anapsucho, to re- 
fresh). Restoratives. 
Anaptosis, an-ap-to'sis (ana, ptosis, falling). Re- 
lapse. 
Anaptysis (an-ap'tis-is) or Anaptysmus, an-ap-tis'- 
mus (ana, ptuo, to spit). Expectoration. 
Anaptyxis, an-ap-tiks'is (anaptuxis, unfolding). 
Growth. 
Anarcotina, ah-nar-ko-te'nah. Narcotine. 
Anarina, ah-nar-e'nah (a, nares, nostrils). Ab- 
sence or loss of nostrils. 
Anarrhaphe, an-ar'raf-e (sewing up). Operation 
for entropion by suture. 
Anarrhegnumina, an-ar-rheg-nu'min-ah (anarrheg- 
numi, to break out again). Disuniting of fractures 
or ulcers. 
Anarrhesis (an-ar-rha'sis) or Anarrhexis, an-ar- 
rheks'is (same deriv.). Disunion of united fracture; 
refracture; hemorrhage. 
Anarrhinon, an-ar'rhin-on (ana, rhis, nose). That 
which returns by the nose; sternutatory; that which 
issues by the skin (ana, rinos, skin). 
Anarrhinum, an-ar'rhin-um. Sternutatory. 
Anarrhoe (an-ar-rho'a) or Anarrhoea, an-ar-rhe'ah 
(ana, rheo, to flow). Afflux of fluid toward upper or 
inner part of the body; reversed peristalsis. 
Anarrhophe (an-ar'rho-fa) or Anarrhophesis, an-ar- 
rhof-a'sis (anarrhophao, to suck in). Absorption. 
Anarrhophonusi, an-ar-rho-foq-u'se (anarrhophao, 
nousos, disease). Diseases of absorbents. 
Anarrhopia, an-ar-hop'e-ah (ana, rhepo, to incline). 
Anarrhoea. 
Anarthria, an-arth're-ah (an, arthron, articulation). 
Absence of limbs or joints; defect in articulate speech. 
A. litera'lis, defective articulation of letters; stam- 
mering. A. syllaba'ris, defective articulation or 
pronunciation of syllables. 
Anarthrus, an-arth'rus (an, arthron, joint). Without 
joint; inarticulate; one so fat that his joints are 
scarcely perceptible. 
Anasarca, an-ah-sar'kah (an, through, sarx, flesh). 
56 ANASEISIS 
General dropsy, dropsy of cellular membrane; com- 
monly it manifests itself by swelling around the 
ankles; is characterized by tumefaction of limbs and 
soft parts covering abdomen, thorax, and even face, 
with paleness and dryness of skin, and pitting (espe- 
cially the ankles) when pressed upon. It may be active 
or passive, and its treatment must be regulated by 
rules applicable to dropsy. At times symptoms are 
acute and the effusion sudden, constituting dermato- 
chysis, hydrops anasarca acutus, oedema calidum, ce. 
acutum, oe. febrile of some. See Hydrops. A. America'- 
na, sleeping sickness of South America,with distension 
of abdomen. A., essen'tial, A. dependent on disorder 
of nutrition. A. gravida'rum, oedema of pregnant 
women. A. hyster'icum, anathymiasis. A., prim'- 
itive, A., essential. A. pulmo'num, hydropneumonia, 
oedema of lungs. A. sero'sa, phlegmasia dolens. A., 
symptomatic, A. due to other disease, as of the heart. 
Anaseisis (an-as-ei'sis) or Anasismus, an-as-is'mus 
(ana, seio, to shake). Concussion. 
Anasomia, an-ah-so'me-ah (ana, soma, body). Ad- 
hesion between body and limbs. 
Anaspadia, an-ah-spad'e-ah. Anaspasis. 
Anaspadiaeus, an-ah-spad-e-e'us. One affected with 
anaspadias. 
Anaspadias, an-ah-spad'e-as (ana, spao, to draw). 
Condition in which urethra opens on upper surface of 
penis. 
Anaspadisis (an-ah-spad'is-is) or Anaspadismus, 
an-ah-spad-is'mus. Anaspasis. 
Anaspasis (an-as'pas-is) or Anaspasmus, an-ah- 
spaz'mus (ana, spao, to draw). Contraction, especially 
of the bowels; revulsion. 
Anassa, an-as'sah. Bromelia ananas. 
Anastaltic, an-a-stal'tik (ana, stello, to contract). 
Ascending (referring to nervous current); styptic. 
Anastasis, an-as-tas'is (anistemi, to rise up). Afflux 
of blood toward upper part of body; restoration from 
sickness; convalescence; resuscitation. 
Anastatic, an-as-tat'ik. Relating to recovery or 
restoration. 
Anastcecheiosis (an-ah-ste-ki-o'sis) or Anastoichi- 
osis, an-ah-stoi-ke-o'sis (ana, stoicheion, element). 
Resolution of body or parts into their elements. 
Anastole, an-as'to-le (ana, stello, to draw back). Re- 
traction, as of edges of wound. 
Anastomose, an-as'to-moze. To cause anastomosis. 
Anastomosis, an-as-to-mo'sis (ana, stoma, mouth). 
Inosculation; communication between two vessels. 
Communication of nerves has been called anastomosis. 
A. aneurismat'ica, telangiectasia. A., intes'tinal, 
process of resection of the intestine, in which the re- 
sected ends are closed by invagination and suture, and 
perforated decalcified bone plates used for approxima- 
tion. A., Ja'cobson's, see Petrosal ganglion. 
Anastomotic, an-as-to-mot'ik. Belonging or rela- 
ting to anastomosis. A. arch, arch formed by union 
of two vessels. A. ar'tery, branch from brachial 
around the elbow; branch of obturator on inner side of 
crural ring; branch from femoral around knee-joint; 
branch of peroneal; branch of spinal accessory. A. 
vein, anastomotica magna vein, forming communica- 
tion between veins and sinuses in the brain. 
Anastomotica magna, an-as-to-mot'ik-ah mag'nah. 
Branch of brachial artery, coming off a little above the 
elbow, and bestowing branches to brachialis internus, 
to under edge of triceps, and to muscles, ligaments, 
etc. about the elbow-joint. 
Anastomotics, an-as-to-mot'iks. Medicines were 
so called, as if capable of opening mouths of vessels, 
as aperients, diuretics, etc. 
Anastrophe, an-as'tro-fe (ana, strepho, to turn). 
Inversion. A. u'teri, inversion of uterus. 
Anatasis, an-at'as-is (ana, teino, to stretch). Ex- 
tension. 
Anathema, an-ath-e'mah (ana, tithemi, to put). 
Votive tablet put up in ancient temples by the sick. 
Anatherapeusis, an-ah-ther-ap-u'sis (ana, therapen- 
sis, cure). Treatment by progressi vely increased doses. 
Anatherum muricatum, an-ath-a'rum mu-rik-at'- 
um. Andropogon muricatus. 
57 
ANATOMY 
Anathomia, an-ah-thom'e-ah. Anatomy. 
Anathrepsis, an-ah-threps'is (ana, trepho, to nour- 
ish). Renewal of nutrition, as in restoration to 
health. 
Anathymiama (an-ah-thim-e-am'ah) or Anathym- 
iasis, an-ah-thim-e'as-is (ana, thuma, fumigation). 
Uncertain and transient swelling or inflation, ob- 
served at times in nervous and hysterical persons; 
exhalation; fumigation ; hypochondriasis; phantom 
tumor; vapor-bath. 
Anathymionusi, an-ah-thim-e-o-nu'si (anafftumza, 
vapor, noasos, disease). Disorders of perspiratory 
apparatus. 
Anatole, an-at'o-le (anatole, coming forth). Growth; 
lunula of the nail. 
Anatome, a-nat'o-ma (ana, tome, cutting). Anatomy. 
A. anima'ta, physiology 
Anatomia, an-ah-tom'e-ah. Anatomy. A. anima'- 
lis, zootomy. A. chirur'gica, surgical anatomy. A. 
compara'ta or comparati'va, comparative anatomy; 
zootomy. A. jurid'ica, forensic anatomy. A. picto'- 
rum, artistic anatomy. A. sculpto'rum, artistic anato- 
my. A. vi'va, physiology. 
Anatomical, an-a-tom'ik-al. Relating or apper- 
taining to anatomy; structural. 
Anatomism, an-at'o-mism. Study of arrangement 
of parts, to explain phenomena of the organism. 
Anatomist, an-at'o-mist. One who occupies him- 
self with anatomy or dissection ; one versed in anat- 
omy. A.'s snuff-box, depression at root of thumb be- 
tween extensor tendons. 
Anatomography, an-at-o-mog'ra-fe {anatomy, grapho, 
to write). Treatise on anatomy. 
Anatomy, an-at'o-me (ana, tome, incision). Dissec- 
tion ; study and knowledge of all the apparent proper- 
ties of organized bodies. It is the science of organi- 
zation, and includes, according to some, every 
mechanical decomposition, even of inorganic bodies ; 
thus, crystallography is anatomy of crystallized min- 
erals. Anatomy has also been called morphology, 
somatology, somatotomy, organology, etc. It assumes 
different names, according as the study is confined to 
one organized being or to a species or class of beings. 
Thus, androtomy or anthropotomy or anthropography or 
anthroposomatology is anatomy of man ; zootomy, that 
of other species of the animal kingdom; veterinary an- 
atomy, anatomy of domestic animals; but when the 
word is used abstractly, it means human anatomy, par- 
ticularly study of organs in healthy state. Anatomy 
of foetal development has been called anatomy of the 
foetus or of evolution. Physiological anatomy investi- 
gates structure with special view to function. 
The anatomy of the diseased human body is pathologi- 
cal or morbid anatomy ; when applied to medical juris- 
prudence, forensic anatomy. Several organs possessing 
similarity of structure and formed of same tissues 
have been grouped into systems or genera of organs; 
study of such systems is general anatomy, histology, or 
morphotomy, whilst study of each organ in particular 
is descriptive or special anatomy-anthropomorphology. 
Histology is, however, more frequently applied to 
anatomy of the tissues, called also textural and micro- 
scopic anatomy, micranotomia. See Histology. Descrip- 
tive anatomy has been divided into skeletology, com- 
prising osteology and syndesmology; and sarcology, sub- 
divided into myology, neurology, angiology, adenology, 
splanchnology, and dermology. 
Surgical anatomy, medico-chirurgical anatomy, topo- 
graphical anatomy, regional anatomy, is the particular and 
relative study of bones, muscles, nerves, vessels, etc., 
with which it is indispensable to be acquainted before 
performing operations. 
Comparative or analogical anatomy is the comparative 
study of each organ in different animals or in differ- 
ent classes of animals. Homological anatomy examines 
the relations to each other of different parts of the 
same individual. Transcendental or philosophical an- 
atomy inquires into the mode, plan, or model upon 
which the animal frame or organs are formed. Arti- 
ficial anatomy is the art of modelling and representing, 
in wax or other substance, different organs or dif- ANATOMY 
ferent parts of the human body in sound or diseased 
state. Artistic or plastic anatomy is the study of an- 
atomy from an artistic point of view. Phytotomy or 
phytanatomy is anatomy of vegetables. Pictorial an- 
atomy is anatomy artistically illustrated. Clastic an- 
atomy (klao, to break) is the formation of models in 
such sort that they can be broken or separated in 
pieces. 
Anat'omy. See Skeleton. A., analogical, see An- 
atomy. A., artificial, see Anatomy. A., artis'tic, see 
Anatomy. A., clas'tic, see Anatomy. A., compar'- 
ative, see Anatomy, Zootomy. A., descriptive, see 
Anatomy. A., foren'sic, see Anatomy. A., gen'eral, 
see Anatomy. A., homological, see Anatomy. A., 
hu'man, see Anatomy. A. of man, see Anatomy. A., 
me'dico-chirur'gicai, see Anatomy. A., microscopic 
or minute, see Anatomy. A., mor'bid, see Anatomy. 
A., pathological, see Anatomy. A., p., microscopic, 
see Histology. A., philosophical, see Anatomy. A., 
physiological, see Anatomy. A., picto'rial, see An- 
atomy. A., plastic, see Anatomy. A., practical, see 
Dissection. A., re'gional, see Anatomy. A., special, 
see Anatomy. A., sur'gical, see Anatomy. A., tex'- 
tural, see Anatomy. A., topographical, see Anatomy. 
A., transcendental, see Anatomy. A., vet'erinary, 
see Anatomy. 
Anatresia, an-at-ra'ze-ah (ana, treo, to bore). Having 
open calibre; opposite to atresia, as of the vagina. 
Anatresis, an-at-ra'sis (ana, treo, to bore). Perfora- 
tion, trepanning. 
Anatribe, an-at're-ba (ana, tribo, to rub). Friction. 
Anatripsology, an-a-trip-sol'o-je (anatripsis, friction, 
logos, discourse). Treatise on, or description of, friction. 
Anatriptic, an-a-trip'tik. Remedy used by inunc- 
tion. 
Anatriptologia, an-ah-trip-to-loj'e-ah. Anatrip- 
sology. 
Anatrope, an-ah'tro-pa (ana, trepo, to turn). Sub- 
version ; inverted action of stomach, characterized by 
nausea, vomiting, etc. 
Anaudia, an-awd'e-ah (an, aude, speech). Dumb- 
ness; catalepsy. 
Anaxyris, an-aks'ir-is. Rumex acetosa. 
Anazesis, an-az'a-sis (ana, zeo, to boil). Ebullition. 
Anazotic, an-a-zo'tik (an, azote, nitrogen). Devoid 
or deprived of nitrogen. 
Anazoturia, an-ah-zo-tu're-ah (an, azotum, ouron, 
urine). Deficiency of urea in urine. 
Anberry, an'ber-re. Warts with a pedicle, seen on 
horses. 
Anchieta salutaris, an-ke-a'tah sal-u-tar'is. 
Vegetable mercury, nat. ord. Violaceae. Climbing 
plant from Brazil, emetic and cathartic; alterative in 
syphilis. 
Anchilops, an'kil-ops (anchi, near, ops, eye). In- 
flammation of lacrymal sac. See xEgilops. 
Anchone, an'ko-na (ancho, to strangle). Globus 
hystericus. 
Anchonidroa, an-kon-id'ro-ah. Miliaria anginosa. 
Anchorage, an'kor-age. Fixation of a part or 
organ, as uterus, floating kidney, etc. 
Anchoralis processus, an-ko-rah'lis pro-ces'sus 
(anchora, an anchor). Coracoid process. 
Anchusa angustifolia, an-ku'sah an-gus-te-fo'le-ah. 
A. officinalis. A. incarna'ta, A. officinalis. A. ly- 
copsoides, A. officinalis. A. officinaTis, officinal or 
garden alkanet or bugloss. Buglossa. A. tincto'ria, 
Dyer's bugloss, Dyer's alkanet, Orchanet, European 
plant, used to give red color to ointments. 
Anchusic acid, an-ku'sic as'id. Alkanin. 
Anchusin, ank'u-sin. Alkanin. 
Anchyloglossia, ank-il-o-glos'se-ah (ankule, stiffness, 
glossa, tongue). Tongue-tie. 
Anchylomerisma, an-kil-o-mer-is'mah (ankule, stiff- 
ness, merisma, part). Firm attachment of two parts. 
Anchylops, ank'il-ops. ASgilops; form of inflam- 
mation of lacrymal sac. 
Anchylo'sis. Ankylosis. 
Anchylostomiasis, an-kil-o-sto-me'as-is (ankule, stiff- 
ness, stoma, mouth). Form of anaemia produced by 
parasite drawing blood from the duodenal walls. 
58 
> ANDIRA 
Anchylostomum duodenale, an-kil-os'to-mum du- 
o-den-al'a. Ankylostomum duodenale. 
Ancistron, an-cis'tron. Hook; hamulus. 
Ancle, an'kl (ankulos, crooked). Astragalus, mal- 
leolus; ankle. 
Ancler (ank'lur), Anc'let. Malleolus. 
Ancon, an'kon. Elbow, olecranon process. 
Anconad, an'ko-nad. See Anconal aspect. 
Anconseus, an-ko-ne'us. Anconeus. 
Anconagra, an-kon'ag-rah (ancon, agra, a seizure). 
Pain in the elbow; gout of the elbow. 
Anconal, an-ko'nal. Relating or appertaining to 
elbow or olecranon. A. as'pect, aspect toward side 
on which ancon or elbow is situated. Anconad is 
used, adverbially, to signify toward the anconal 
aspect. 
Anconeal, an-ko-ue'al. Anconal. 
Anconeus, an-ko-ne'us. Term once applied to 
every muscle attached to olecranon, and called great 
external, internal, and small anconei muscles. The 
first three are portions of the same muscle, triceps 
brachialis ; the last has alone retained the name. It 
is the Anconeus minor, Anconeus or Cubit alls Riolani, 
Epicondylo-cubitalis, Brevis cubiti, of different authors, 
and is situate at the upper and back part of the 
forearm. It arises from the external condyle of the 
os humeri, and is inserted into the posterior edge of 
the upper third of the ulna. It aids in extension of 
the forearm. A. bre'vis, inner head of triceps ; outer 
head, according to others. A. epitrochlea'ris, muscle 
passing from internal condyle of humerus to olec- 
ranon. A. exter'nus, see Triceps extensor cubiti. A. 
inter'nus, see Triceps extensor cubiti. A. lon'gus, 
long head of triceps extensor cubiti. A. mag'nus, 
outer head of triceps. A. ma'jor, see Triceps extensor 
cubiti. A. min'imus, A. epitrochlearis. A. mi'nor, 
anconeus. A. par'vus, anconeus. A. profun'dus, in- 
ner head of triceps. A. quar'tus, anconeus. A. 
quin'tus, fascia between tendon of long head of tri- 
ceps and latissimus dorsi muscles. A. sex'tus, A. 
epitrochlearis. A. ter'tius, A. epitrochlearis. 
Anconocace, an-ko-nok'as-e. Pain or gout in the 
elbow. 
Anconoid, an'ko-noid (ankon, elbow, eidos, shape). 
Shaped like an elbow. 
Ancos, an'kos. Elbow; hook. 
Ancteres, ank-ta'res (ankter, clasp). Fibulae or 
clasps by which lips of wounds were formerly kept 
together. 
Ancteriasmus, ank-ta-re-as'mus. Infibulation; use 
of ancteres. 
Ancubitus, an-ku'bit-us. Affection of the eye, in 
which there is a sensation as if sand was in it. 
Ancunulenta, an - ku - nu - len' tab. Menstruating 
woman. 
Ancus, an'kus (ankon, elbow). One who cannot 
extend his arms completely. Deformity from luxa- 
tion of humerus or forearm. 
Ancylo, an'ki-lo (ankule, curve). In composition, 
curved condition; growing together. 
(For words beginning with Ancylo see synonymous 
words under Ankylo.) 
Ancyra, an'sir-ah. Hook. 
Ancyroid cavity, an'sir-oid kav'it-e (ancyra, eidos, 
shape). Digital cavity. A. pro'cess, coracoid. 
An'da As'su. Laxative expressed oil from seed of a 
Chilian plant. A. Gome'sii, native tree of Brazil, ord. 
Euphorbiaceae. Cathartic oil, oil of anda, is obtained 
from seeds by pressure. Fruit is oval nut, containing 
two seeds having taste of chestnut, but cathartic and 
emetic. Shell is astringent in diarrhoea, etc. 
Ande. Breath. 
Ander'Joa powder. Powdered bark of Wrightia 
antidysenterica. 
Andersch, ganglion of, an'dursch, gan'gle-on. Pe- 
trous ganglion. 
Andira anthelmintica, an-de'rah an-thel-mint'ik- 
ah. Brazilian tree, ord. Leguminosae, seeds of which 
are anthelmintic. A. araro'ba, Goa powder is obtained 
from this Brazilian tree. A. excel'sa, bark, wood, 
and fruit are all employed; the bark in intermittent ANDIRIN 
fever. A. ibai, Geoffraea verimifuga. A. iner'mis, 
cabbage tree of West Indies; Geoffraea inermis. A. 
racemo'sa, Geoffraea inermis. A. retu'sa, Surinam 
cabbage tree; anthelmintic. A. Surinamen'sis, Geof- 
frsea Surinamensis. 
Andi'rin. Bitter extractive from Andira anthvl- 
mintica. 
Andiroba, an-de-ro'bah. Carapa Guianensis. 
Andol-andol. Large Chinese fly; tincture used in 
China and Java as a powerful vesicant. 
Andrachne, an-drak'na. Arbutus unedo, portu- 
laca. 
Andrsedoea, an-dre-de'ah (aner, man, sedoea, genital 
organs). Male genital organs. 
Andrsedoeoblennorrhoea, an-dre-de-o-blen-or-rhe'- 
ah. Blennorrhoea or mucous discharge from the male 
genitals. 
Andralogomelia, an-dral-o-go-ma'le-ah (aner, man, 
alogos, brute, melos, limb). Monstrosity combining 
body of a man with limbs of a brute. 
Andranatomy (an-dran-at'o-me) or Andratome, an- 
drat'o-me (andro, tome, cutting). Anthropotomy; 
anatomy or dissection of the human body. 
Andreia (an-dri'ah) or Andria, an-dre'ah. Adult 
age; manhood. A. mu'lier, female hermaphrodite. 
An'dro (aner, man). In composition, man. 
Androarium, an-dro-ar'e-um (andro, oarion, seed- 
vessel). Testicle. 
Androgalactozemia, an-dro-gal-ak-to-za'mia (andro, 
gala, milk, zemia, loss). Secretion or discharge of milk 
in the male. 
Androgenei'a orAndrogenia, an-dro-jen-e'ah (andro, 
genesis, generation). Procreation of males. 
Andrographides (an-dro-graf'id-ees) herb. Audro- 
graphis. 
Andrographis paniculata, an-drog'raf-is pan-ik- 
u-lat'ah. Kariyal andrographides ; Indian root, stalk 
and root of which are tonic and stomachic, espe- 
cially in dyspepsia with constipation. 
Androgyna, an-droj'in-ah (andro, gune, woman). 
Female hermaphrodite. 
Androgynal, an-droj'in-al. Hermaphroditic. 
Androgynia (an-dro-jin'e-ah) or Androgynism, an- 
droj'in-ism. Hermaphrodism. 
Androgynoarion, an-dro-jin-o-ar'e-on (andro, gune, 
woman, oarion, small egg). Embryonic sexual organs 
before sex is determined. 
Androgynus, an-droj'in-us (andro, gune, woman). 
Male hermaphrodite; effeminate person. 
Androlepsia, an-dro-lep'se-ah (andro, lambano, to 
lay hold of). Conception in woman. 
Androma, an-dro'ma. Form of elephantiasis of 
scrotum, endemic in Southern Asia. 
Andromania, an-dro-man'e-ah. Nymphomania. 
Andromeda arborea, an-drom'ed-ah ar-bo're-ah. 
Sorrel tree, Sour tree, Sour wood, Elk tree, Elk wood, 
Sorrel wood, Sour leaf. Small indigenous tree, ord. 
Ericaceae, found as far as southern limits of Georgia 
and Alabama; seldom north of Virginia. Sour leaves 
are refrigerant and astringent, and make a kind of 
lemonade, given in fevers. A. Japon'ica, native of 
China and Japan, of toxicological interest only; con- 
tains a poisonous glucoside, asebotoxin. A. maria'na, 
Broad-leaved moorwort, Kill-lamb, Lamb-killer, Stagger- 
bush. Decoction of this indigenous plant has been em- 
ployed as a wash in affection of negroes of Southern 
United States, called toe itch or ground itch. A. 
nit'ida, Sour wood, Sorrel tree, indigenous; properties 
like those of A. arborea. A. polyfo'lia, wild rosemary 
of America, Europe, and Asia; leaves are acro-narcotic. 
Andromedotox'in. White crystallized poison from 
andromeda; has inhibitory action on centres of res- 
piration. 
Androphobia, an-dro-fo'be-ah (andro, phobos, fear). 
Insane fear of men. 
Androphonici (an-dro-fon'is-e) morbi (andro, phonos, 
murder). Homicidal lesions. 
Adrophonomania, an-dro-fo-no-man'e-ah (andro, 
phonos, murder, mania). Homicidal insanity. 
Andropogon bicornis, an-dro-po'gon be-corn'is 
(andro, pogon, beard). Junctus odoratus. A. cal'- 
59 
ANEMONY 
amus aromat'icus, see Oleum graminis indici. A. 
citra'tus, Junctus odoratus. A. citriodo'rus, Junc- 
tus odoratus, Nardus Indica. A. Marti'ni, ginger- 
grass, Indian species, yielding rubefacient volatile oil. 
A. murica'tus, root of this plant, from Bombay, is 
aromatic and bitterish; used as perfume and to drive 
away insects; also excitant and diaphoretic. A. nar'- 
dus, Calamus Alexandrinus, Nardus Indica. A. pach- 
no'des, variety of A. Schoenanthus, Indian plant, both 
yielding oil of ginger-grass. A. Schoenan'thus, Junc- 
tus odoratus. A. squarro'sus, A. muricatus. 
Androsace, an-dros'as-a (andro, sakos, buckler, 
from appearance of leaf). Umbilicus marinus. A. 
Matthi'oll, Umbilicus marinus. 
Androssemum, an-dro-se'mum (andro, haima, blood). 
European undershrub, whose leaves were esteemed as 
vulnerary. 
Androsymphysia (an-dro-sim-fiz'e-ah) or Andro- 
symphysis, an-dro-sim'fis-is. Monstrosity from fusion 
of male foetuses or male genital apparatus. 
Androtomy, an-drot'o-me. Andranotomy. 
Andrum, an'drum. Androma. 
Anebium, an-a'be-um. Anchusa tinctoria. 
Anebus, an-a'bus (an, hebe, puberty). One who has 
not reached puberty. 
Anecrisis, an-ek'ris-is (an, ekkrisis, secretion). Ab- 
sence or suppression of secretion. 
Anectasia (an-ek-tah'ze-ah) or Anectasis, an-ek'- 
tas-is (an, ektasis, distension). Diminution in size of 
any part or organ. 
Anecypetus, an-a-sip-a'tus (an, pueo, to promote 
suppuration). Not suppurating; without tendency to 
suppuration. 
Anegertica, an-a-jur'tik-ah (ana, egeiro, to awaken). 
Art of resuscitating the apparently dead. 
Aneilema (an-i-la'mah) orAneilesis, an-i-la'sis (ana, 
eileo, to roll up). Motion of air in intestines, and tor- 
mina accompanying it; colic, flatulence. 
Anelectric, an-e-lek'trik. Not electrifiable; part- 
ing easily with electricity; opposite of dielectric. 
Anelec'trode. Positive pole of galvanic battery. 
Anelectroton'ic. Belating to anelectrotonus. 
Anelectrotonus, an-e-lek-trot'o-nus. Lessened ex- 
citability of nerve at positive pole when traversed 
by constant current of electricity. 
Anel's operation, an-els' op-e-ra'shun. Operation 
of ligation of aneurism on proximal side of aneuris- 
mal sac. A. probe or sound, probe for insertion into 
lacrymal puncta. A. syr'inge, delicate syringe for 
injection of fluids. 
Anemia, an-e'me-ah (anemos, wind). Anaemia; 
flatulence. 
Anemic, an-e'mik. Anaemic. 
Anemometer, an-e-mom'e-tur (anemos, wind, metron, 
measure). Instrument for measurement of direction 
and velocity of currents of atmospheric air. 
Anemometry, an-e-mom'et-re (anemos, wind, metron, 
measure). Science of measuring force and velocity 
of air with an instrument called an anemometer. 
Anemone, an-em-o'na (anemos, wind). Wind-flower. 
A. cer'nua has similar properties to A. pulsatilla. 
A. colli'na, A. pulsatilla. A. corona'ria, European 
plant; root is purgative, and applied in diseases of 
the eye; herb in ulcers and skin diseases. A. Gron- 
lan'dica, coptis. A. hepat'ica, Hepatica triloba. A. in- 
terme'dia, A. pulsatilla. A. Ludovicia'na, A. patens. 
A. nemoro'sa, wood anemony. Herb and flowers are 
poisonous, acrid, corrosive, and rubefacient. A. pa'- 
tens, indigenous; possesses similar properties. A. 
praten'sis, meadow anemony; this European plant 
has similar properties. A. pulsatil'la, pasque flower, 
possesses like properties. A. ru'bra, A. pratensis. 
A., rue-leaved, Thalictum anemonoides. A. sylves'- 
tris, A. pratensis. 
Anemonin, an-em'o-nin. Principle from Anemone 
pulsatilla, resembling aconitin, C15H12O6; used in 
asthma, bronchitis, etc. 
Anemonol, an-em'o-nol. Oil of anemone, powerful 
volatile oil from various anemones, causing vesication 
of the skin. 
Anemony, an-em'o-ne. Anemone hepatica. A., ANEMOPATHY 
meadow, Anemone pratensis. A., wood, Anemone 
nemoTosa. 
Anemopathy, an-em-op'a-the (anemos, air, pathos, 
disease). Treatment of disease by inhalation. 
Anemopsis (an-em-op'sis) Califor'nica. Yerba 
mansa. Leaves of this herb of Western United States 
and Mexico are stimulant and astringent, and applied 
externally to venereal sores. 
Anencephalsemia (an-en-sef-al-e'me-ah) or Anen- 
cephalohaemia, an-en-sef-al-o-he'me-ah (an, enkepha- 
los, encephalon, haima, blood). Deficiency of blood 
in the brain. Syncope. 
Anencephalia, an-en-sef-al'e-ah. See Anencephalus. 
Anencephalic, an-en-sef-al'ik. Anencephalous. 
Anencephalism, an-en-sef'al-izm. See Anen- 
cephalus. 
Anencephaloneuria (an-en-sef-al-o-nu're-ah) or 
Anencephaloner'via (an, enkephalos, encephalon, and 
neuron, nerve). Defective nervous action in the en- 
cephalon. 
Anencephalotrophy, an-en-sef-al-ot'ro-fe (an, en- 
kephalos, encephalon, trophe, nourishment). Atro- 
phy of the brain. 
Anencephalous, an-en-sef'al-us (an, enkephalos, 
brain). Devoid of brain; monstrosity in which 
there is entire absence of brain. Condition has been 
called anencepkaZia or anencephalism. One that has 
part only of the brain, paracephalus. Weak, silly 
person. 
Anenergasia (an-en-ur-gaz'e-ah) or Anenergia, 
an-en-er-je'ah (an, ergon, work). Debility. 
Anenius, an-en'e-us (without pain). Painlessness. 
Anen'tera (an, enteron, intestine). Infusoria devoid 
of intestines. 
Anentersemia, an-en-ter-e'me-ah (an, enteron, in- 
testine, Aama, blood). Anaemia of the intestines. 
Anenterata, an-en-ter-at'ah (an, enteron, intestine). 
Without intestines; see Anenterelmintha. 
Anen'terate. Without intestines, as A. worms, An- 
enterata. 
Anenterelmintha, an-en-ter-el-min'thah (an, ente- 
ron, intestine, and helmins, wrorm). Worms unpro- 
vided with intestinal canal. 
Anenter oner via (an-en-ter-o-nur've-ah) or Anen- 
teroneuria, an-en-ter-o-nu're-ah (an, enteron, neuron, 
nerve). Atony of the intestines. A. saturnina is 
due to lead-poisoning. 
Anenterotrophy, an-en-ter-ot'ro-fe ,(an, enteron, and 
trophe, nourishment). Defective nutrition of the in- 
testines. 
Anenterous, an-en'ter-us. Possessing no intestinal 
canal; anenterate. 
Anepia, an-ep'e-ah (anepes, without speech). De- 
fect or loss of speech. 
Anepicritus, an-ep-ik'ri-tus (an, epikrisis, judg- 
ment). Of deficient mental power. 
Anepiploic, an-e-pip-lo'ik (a, priv., epiploon, omen- 
tum). Devoid of omentum. 
Anepischesis, an-ep-is'ke-sis (an, epischesis, reten- 
tion). Incontinence of urine. 
Anepithymia, an-ep-e-thim'e-ah (an, epithumia, de- 
sire). Loss of appetite, as hunger, thirst, venery, 
etc. A. chloro'sis, chlorosis. 
Aner, an'ur. Man. 
Anerethisia, an-er-a-thiz'e-ah (an, erethizo, to irri- 
tate). Defect of irritability, as of muscle or nerve. 
Anergia, an-er'je-ah. Want of energy. 
Anerobia, an-er-o'be-ah. Anaerobia. 
Anerobic, an-er-o'bik. Anaerobic. 
Aneroid, an'er-oid (a, neros, moist). Free from 
moisture. See Barometer. 
Anerotomy, an-er-ot'o-nie. Anarotomy. 
Anervia, ah-nur've-ah. Paralysis; defect of ner- 
vous power. 
Anerythroblepsia, an-er-ith-ro-blep'she-ah (an, eni- 
thros, red, blepo, to see). Color-blindness as to red. 
Anerythropsia (an-er-ith-rop'se-ah) or Anerythro- 
blepsia, an-er-ith-ro-blep'se-ah (an, eruthros, red, op- 
sis, vision). Defective vision, consisting in incapa- 
bility of distinguishing red; also achromatopsia or 
color-blindness. 
60 
> ANEURISM 
Anesia (an-a'ze-ah) or Anesis, an-e'sis (aniemi, to 
relax). Remission, as of fevers. 
Anesthesia (an-es-tha'ze-ah) or Anesthesis, an-es- 
tha'sis. Anaesthesia. 
Anesthetic, an-es-thet'ik. Anaesthetic. 
Anesum, an-a'sum. Pimpinella anisum. 
Anethi fructus, an-a'the fruk'tus. See Anethum 
graveolens. 
Anethol, an-e'thol. C10H12O. Principal component 
of oils of fennel and anise. 
Anethum, an-a'thum (ana, theo, to run, from its 
quick growth). Fennel or Finckle, Anet, Sweet fennel. 
Ord. Umbelliferae. The fruit, fceniculum, has aromatic 
odor and warm, sweetish taste; it is carminative. 
Oil-oleum fceniculi, oil of fennel-is officinal; root 
is pectoral and diuretic. A. fcenic'ulum, anethum. 
A. grave'olens, dill, native of south of Europe; seeds, 
anethi fructus, are stimulant and carminative. Dis- 
tilled water, aqua anethi, dill-water, and oil, oleum 
anethi, oil of dill, are officinal in other pharma- 
copoeias. A. pastina'ca, Pastinaca sativa. A. piper- 
i'tum, anethum. A. seg'etum, anethum. 
Anetic, an-et'ik. Anodyne, remitting. 
Aneton, an-a'ton. Anethum. 
Anetus, an-a'tus. Intermittent fever. A. quarta'- 
nus, quartan. A. quotidia'nus, quotidian. A. ter- 
tia'nus, tertian fever. 
Aneuralgicon, ah-nu-ral'jik-on (a, neuron, nerve, 
algos, pain). Instrument to allay pain in the nerves; 
fumigating apparatus, in which dried narcotic and 
other herbs are burnt, heated vapor being directed to 
the affected part. 
Aneurla, ah-nu're-ah (a, neuron, nerve). Paralysis; 
defect of nervous power. 
Aneurism, an'u-rizm (ana, euruno, to dilate). Tu- 
mor produced by rupture or dilatation of the coats 
of an artery; the term has been extended to lesions 
of arteries and also to dilatation of the heart. There 
are various kinds of aneurism; the following are the 
chief: 
I. When the blood which forms the tumor is en- 
closed within the dilated coats of the artery. This is 
the True aneurism, Aneurysma verum, Hernia arteriarum. 
II. When the blood has escaped from the opened 
artery, it is called Spurious or false aneurism, aneurisma 
spurium, Ruptura arterite, Arteriorrhexis, Arteriodialy- 
sis, Ecchymoma arteriosum. The latter is divided into 
three varieties:-1. Diffused false aneurism, which 
occurs immediately after division or rupture of an 
artery, and consists of extravasation of blood into the 
areolar texture. 2. Circumscribed false aneurism, in 
which the blood issues from the vessel some time after 
receipt of the wound, and forms itself a sac in the 
neighboring areolar tissue. 3. Aneurism by anastomo- 
sis, Varicose, Racemose, or Cirsoid aneurism, Arterio- 
venous aneurism, Phlebarteriodialysis, Aneurysma veno- 
so-arter iosum, A. varicosum racemosum or cirsoides, An- 
gioma arteriole racemosum, which may arise from simul- 
taneous wounding of an artery and vein, the arterial 
blood passing into the vein and producing a varicose 
state of it, or by increase of arterial tissue and dilata- 
tion and elongation of arteries. The term cirsoid is 
employed when a number of vessels are dilated and 
elongated, usually from paralysis of the vaso-motor 
nerves from injury ; and aneurism by anastomosis when 
the smaller vessels and capillaries are affected. 
III. Mixed aneurism is that arising from dilatation 
of one or two of the coats, with division or rupture 
of the other. Some authors have made two varieties 
of this:-1. Mixed external aneurism, where the in- 
ternal and middle coats are ruptured and the areolar 
is dilated. 2. Mixed internal aneurism, in which the 
internal coat is dilated and protrudes, like a hernial 
sac, through the ruptured middle and outer coats. 
This variety has been called Aneurysma herniam arte- 
rise sistens. 
A Sacciform or sacculated aneurism, aneurysma saccu- 
latum, consists of a distinct sac or bag, having a com- 
paratively narrow channel of communication with 
the artery. A Fusiform, cylindroid, tubular, or tubulated 
aneurism, aneurysma fusiforme, is one formed by dila- ANEURISM < 
tation of all the coats of the vessel and elongation of 
the affected part of the artery. 
Aneurisms have been termed traumatic, aneurysma 
ex vulnere, or exogenous and spontaneous, according as 
they may have been caused by a wound, or have 
originated spontaneously. The latter, when originat- 
ing from lesions of the inner coats of arteries, have 
been termed endogenous. They also receive the name 
of the vessel implicated, as carotid aneurism, aortic 
aneurism, etc. 
Aneurisms have also been divided into internal and 
external. The internal aneurisms are situate in the 
great splanchnic cavities, and occur in the heart and 
great vessels of the chest, abdomen, etc. Their dia- 
gnosis is difficult, and they are often inaccessible to 
surgical treatment. External aneurisms are situate 
at the exterior of the head, neck, and limbs, and are 
distinctly pulsatory. 
Aneurisms may be caused by earthy and atheroma- 
tous or other degenerations of the artery, embolism, 
syphilis, overaction of the heart, external injury, 
wounds, fractures, and dislocations, etc., predisposi- 
tion being established by age, sex, occupation, etc. 
Sometimes a number of arteries are affected, consti- 
tuting an aneurismal diathesis. 
Aneurisms are generally of slow growth and chronic 
existence, being governed in this by the duration of 
the exciting cause, the force of the circulation, con- 
dition of the aneurismal sac, etc. 
Aneurisms, especially the internal, may be combated 
by rest and debilitant treatment, on the plan of Val- 
salva, consisting in repeated bloodletting, with food 
enough merely to support life. The local treatment of 
aneurism consists in use of digital or mechanical com- 
pression, ligation of the artery, manipulation, injection 
of the sac, etc. 
An'eurism by anastomo'sis. See Aneurism. A., 
arte'rio-ve'nous, see Aneurism. A., ax'illary, aneur- 
ism of the axillary artery. A., brach'ial, aneurism of 
the brachial artery. A. of bone, osteo-aneurism. A., 
Brasdor's operation for, see Brasdor. A., carot'id, 
aneurism of carotid artery. A., cir'cumscribed, see 
Aneurism. A., cir'soid, see Anenrism. A., cylin'droid, 
see Aneurism. A., cys'tic, sacculated form of aneur- 
ism. A., cystogen'ic, A. from bursting of cyst into 
artery. A., diffused, see Aneurism. A.., dissect'ing, 
Aneurysma dissecans, is one in which, owing to rupture 
of the inner and middle coats of an artery, the blood 
makes itself a channel between these coats and the 
outer coat. In many cases the lesion appears to con- 
sist in separation of the laminae of the middle coat, 
between which the blood forms itself a channel. It 
occurs in old persons, particularly in women. A., 
embol'ic, A. of small artery from presence of foreign 
body. A., encys'ted, circumscribed a. A., endo'- 
genous, see Aneurism and Endogenous. A. by ero'- 
sion, aneurismal varix. A., exo'genous, see Aneur- 
ism and Exogenous. A., exter'nal, see Aneurism. A., 
false, see Aneurism. A., false, cir'cumscribed, see 
Aneurism. A., false, diffused, see Aneurism. A., 
fem'oral, aneurism of the femoral artery. A., fu'si- 
form, see Aneurism. A. of the heart, Cardionchus, 
Cardieurysma, Cardianeurysma, has been divided into 
active and passive. The active forms are scarcely an- 
eurisms, as they commonly consist of increased thick- 
ness of the parietes of the heart, diminishing its cavity 
instead of increasing it. The term hypertrophy of the 
heart better indicates their character. Passive aneur- 
ism, Cardiectasis, on the contrary, is attended with 
extenuation of the parietes of the organ and enlarge- 
ment of the cavities. The impulse is feebler than 
usual. Both sounds are widely transmitted over the 
thorax, and are not much fainter at a distance from 
their point of origin. Partial or true aneurism of the 
heart, Cardiectasis partialis, Aneurysma consecutivum 
cordis, is sometimes, but rarely, seen. The name 
aneurism of the valves of the heart has been given to 
pouch-like projections of the valves into the auricles. 
A., her'nial, form of aneurism in which inner coat 
of artery protrudes through ruptured outer coat. 
A., U'iac, aneurism of the iliac artery. A., in- 
61 
ANGEIECTOPIA 
ter'nal, see Aneurism. A., intfacra'nial, aneurism 
of the basilar, anterior cerebral, internal carotid, and 
other arteries within the cranium. A., mil'iary, 
pathogenic lesion observed in old persons who are 
victims of cerebral hemorrhage, consisting of altera- 
tion of the arterial system in the brain, with produc- 
tion of aneurisms in the smaller arteries; hemorrhage 
resulting from rupture of these aneurisms. A., 
mixed, see Aneurism. A. needle, flat needle or probe 
having eyelet for ligation of artery in aneurism. A., 
Park's, arterio-venous a., arterial blood being dif- 
fused into two neighboring veins. A., poplite'al, 
aneurism of the popliteal artery. A., Pott's, aneur- 
ismal varix. A., ra'cemose, see Aneurism. A., sac'- 
ciform or sac'culated, see Aneurism. A., spon- 
taneous, see Aneurism. A., spu'rious, see Aneurism. 
A., subcla'vian, aneurism of the subclavian artery. 
A., traumat'ic, see Aneurism. A., true, see Aneur- 
ism. A., tu'bular or tu'bulated, see Aneurism. A., 
Valsal'va's treatment of, see Aneurism. A., val'vu- 
lar, A. affecting valves of the heart. A., var'icose, 
see Aneurism. 
Aneurisma, an-u-riz'mah. Aneurism. 
Aneurismal, Aneurysmal (an-u-riz'mal), or An- 
eurismat'ic. That which belongs to aneurism. A. 
can'cer, teleangiectatic cancer. A. sac or cyst, sort 
of pouch formed by dilatation of the coats of an artery, 
in which the blood forming the aneurismal tumor is 
contained. A. tu'mor, aneurism. A. va'rix, arterio- 
venous aneurism, without intervening sac. 
Aneurismatic, an-u-riz-mat'ik. Aneurismal. 
Aneurysm, an'u-rizm. Aneurism. 
Aneurysma, an-u-riz'mah. Aneurism. A. ex an- 
astomo'si or anastomot'icum, aneurism by anasto- 
mosis. A. cirsoi'des, aneurism by anastomosis. A. 
cor'dis acti'vum, heart, hypertrophy of the. A. 
cylin'dricum, cylindroid aneurism. A. dis'secans, 
aneurism, dissecting. A. fusifor'me, see Aneurism. 
A. her'niam arte'rise sis'tens, see Aneurism. A. os- 
teoi'des, osteo-aneurism. A. racemo'sum, see 
Aneurism. A. saccula'tum, see Aneurism. A. spon- 
gio'sum, angioma. A. spu'rlum, see Aneurism. A. 
varico'sum or veno'so-arterio'sum, see Aneurism. 
A., ve'rum, see Aneurism. A. ex vul'nere, see 
Aneurism. 
Aneurysmal (an-u-riz'mal) or Aneurysmatic, an-u- 
riz-mat'ik. Relating to aneurism. 
Aneurysmus, an-u-riz'mus. Aneurism; dilatation. 
Aneuthanasia, an-u-than-aze'e-ah (an, euthanasia, 
easy death). Painful death. 
Anevria, ah-nev're-ah (a, neuron, nerve). Aneuria. 
Anfractuosity, an-frak-tu-os'it-e (an, around,/rawr/o, 
to break). Groove or furrow; sinuous depression or 
sulcus, of greater or less depth, like those separating 
convolutions of brain from each other. A., cer'ebral, 
these are narrow, and deeper at upper surface of brain 
than at base, and are lined by prolongation of pia 
mater. Ethmoidal cells are sometimes called eth- 
moidal anfractuosities. 
Anfractuous, an-frak'tu-us. Sinuous, tortuous. 
Anfractus, an-frak'tus. Anfractuosity. A. cer'- 
ebri, see Anfractuosity, cerebral. 
Angat'ra. Disease of Madagascar, with zonu- 
lar pain of head and abdomen, terminating in 
wasting. 
Angectasia, an-gek-taz'e-ah. Angiectasis. 
Angela, an-gi'ah. Vessels. A. pneumat'ica, see 
Artery. 
Angeiaemia, an-gi-e'me-ah (angeion, haima, blood). 
Plethora. 
Angeiaeraphrosia, an-gi-ah-er-af-ro'ze-ah (angeion, 
aer, air, aphros, froth). Asphyxia by frothy mucus in 
bronchial tubes, as in capillary bronchitis. 
Angeial, an-ji'al. Vascular. 
Angeid, an'je-id. Vascular. 
Angeidiectasia, an-gi-de-ek-taz'e-ah (angeion, ek- 
tasis, dilatation). Dilatation of capillaries. 
Angeiectasla (an-gi-ek-taz'e-ah), Angeiectasis (an- 
gi-ek'taz-is), or Angeiectoma, an-gi-ek-to'mah. Dila- 
tation of vessels. A. capilla'ris, vascular naevus. 
Angeiectopia, an-gi-ek-to'pe-ah (angeion, ektopos, ANGEIELCOSIS • 
out of place). Displacement or unnatural location of 
blood-vessel. 
Angeielcosis, an-gi-el-ko'sis {angeion, helkos, ulcer). 
Ulceration of a blood-vessel. 
Angeiemphraxis, an - gi - em - fraks' is {angeion, em- 
phraxis, obstruction). Obstruction of vessels. 
Angeienchyma, an-gi-en'kim-ah {angeion, enchuma, 
effusion). Vascular tissue. 
Angeieurysma, an-gi-u-riz'mah {angeion, eurusma, 
dilatation). Angeiectasia. 
Angeiitis, an-ji-i'tis. Inflammation of a blood- 
vessel. 
Angeioasthenia, an-gi-o-as-then-e'ah. Weakness of 
blood-vessels. 
Angelocarditis, an-gi-o-kar-de'tis. Angiocarditis. 
Angeiocaverno'sus. Vascular naevoid nodular tu- 
mor of the subcutaneous cellular tissue. 
Angeiochalasis, an-gi-o-kal'as-is {angeion, chalasis, 
relaxation). Dilatation of vessels. 
Angeiocholitis, an-gi-o-kol-e'tis {angeion, chole, bile). 
Inflammation of bile-ducts. 
Angeiocinesis, an-gi-o-sin-a'sis {angeion, kinesis, mo- 
tion). Motion excited in blood-vessels. 
Angeiodiastasis, an-gi-o-de-as'tas-is {angeion, dias- 
tasis, separation). Separation of divided ends of a ves- 
sel ; dilatation or unnatural position of a vessel. 
Angeioelephantiasis, an-gi-o-el-e-fan-ti'as-is. Ele- 
phantiasis teleangeiectodes; elephantiasis of connec- 
tive-tissue layer of skin, extending thence to the sur- 
face. 
Angeiogeny (an-gi-oj'en-e) or Angiog'eny {angeion, 
gennao, to generate). Formation or generation of 
vessels. 
Angeioglioma, an-gi-o-gle-o'mah {angeion, glia, glue). 
Vascular glioma of spinal cord. 
Angeiograph, an-gi'o-graf. A modified sphygmo- 
graph. 
Angeiography (an-gi-og'ra-fe) or Angiog'raphy {an- 
geion, graphe, description). Description of vessels; 
use of angeiograph. 
Angeiohaemia, an-gi-o-he'me-ah {angeion, haima, 
blood). Plethora. 
Angeiohelco'sis {angeion, helkos, ulcer). Ulceration 
of a blood-vessel. 
Angeiohydrography (an-gi-o-hi-drog'ra-fe) or An- 
giohydrog'raphy {angeion, hudor, water, grapho, to 
describe). Description of lymphatics. 
Angeiohydrology (an-gi-o-hi-drol'o-je) or Angiohy- 
drol'ogy {angeion, hudor, water, logos, description). 
Treatise on vessels; description of lymphatics. 
Angeiohydrotomy (an-gi-o-hi-drot'o-me) or Angio- 
hydrot'omy {angeion, hudor, water, tome, incision). 
Dissection of lymphatics. 
Angeioitis, an-gi-o-e'tis. Inflammation of a blood- 
vessel. 
Angeiokinesis, an-gi-o-kin-a'sis. Angeiocinesis. 
Angeioleucitis (an-gi-o-lu-se'tis) or Angioleuci'tis 
{angeion, leukos, white). Inflammation of lymphatics; 
see Lymphangeitis. 
Angeioleucography, an-gi-o-lu-kog'raf-e. Angeio- 
leucology. 
Angeioleucology, an-gi-o-lu-kol'o-je {angeion, leukos, 
white, logos, description). Treatise on or description 
of lymphatics. One who makes them a study is an 
Angeiol1 ogist. 
Angeiology (an-gi-ol'o-je) or Angiol'ogy {angeion, 
logos, a discourse). Treatise on the vessels; anatomy 
of vessels; it includes arteriology, phlebology, and 
angeiohydrology. 
Angeiolymphitis, an-gi-o-lim-fe'tis. Angeioleucitis. 
Angeiolymphoma, an-gi-o-lim-fo'mah. Lymphan- 
geioma. 
Angeioma, an-gi-o'mah. Vascular tumor, tumor 
composed mainly of newly-formed blood-vessels, or 
of blood-vessels with newly-formed elements in their 
walls. A., arte'rial, aneurism by anastomosis. A., 
capillary, naevus. A., cav'ernous, erectile tumor 
of large vessels with cavernous spaces. A., congen'- 
ital, naevus. A., lipog'enous, subcutaneous form of 
a. resembling lipoma. A., lymphatic, lymphangei 
oma. A., plexlform, common form of a. of skin, in 
62 
! ANGEIOTERIA 
which capillaries are dilated and tortuous. A., ra'ce- 
mose, cirsoid aneurism. A., tu'berose, lipogenous 
form of a. A., varicose, A., cavernous. A., ve'- 
nous, A., cavernous. 
Angeiomalacia (an-gi-o-mal-ah'se-ah) or Angioma- 
la'cia {angeion, malakia, softening). Mollescence or 
softening of vessels. 
Angeiomyces, an-gi-om'is-es {angeion, mukes, fun- 
gus). Spongy dilatation of capillaries; haematodes 
fungus. 
Angeion, an-gi'on. Vessel. 
Angeioneurosis, an-gi-o-nu-ro'sis. Angioneurosis. 
Angeionoma, an-gi-on-o'mah. Angionoma. 
Angeionosus (an-gi-on'o-sus) or Angeionusus, an- 
gi-o-nu'sus (nousos, disease). Angeiopathia. 
Angeioparalysis, an-gi-o-par-al'is-is. Vaso-motor 
paralysis. 
Angeioparesis, an-gi-o-par'a-sis. Partial vaso-motor 
paralysis. 
Angeioparetic, an-gi-o-par-et'ik. Relating to vaso- 
motor paralysis. 
Angeiopathia (an-gi-o-path-e'ah) or Angiopathi'a 
{angeion, pathos, disease). Disease of vessels. 
Angeioplania (an-gi-o-plan'e-ah) or Angioplan'ia 
{angeion, vessel, plane, error). Anomaly in structure 
and distribution of vessels. 
Angeioplastic, an-gi-o-plas'tik. Relating to vessel- 
forming tissues. 
Angeioplerosis, an-gi-o-pler-o'sis {angeion, pleroo, to 
fill up). Plethora; engorgement of vessels. 
Angeioploce, an-gi-op'lo-se {angeion, ploke, plaiting). 
Operation for arresting hemorrhage from cut vessel 
by passing divided end through hole made in vessel. 
Angeiopyra, an-gi-op'ir-ah {angeion, pur, fire, fever). 
Fever with inflammation. 
Angeiorhexis, an-gi-o-reks'is. Rupture of blood- 
vessel. 
Angeiorrhagia, an-gi-or-rhaj'e-ah {angeion, rhage, 
rupture). Active hemorrhage. 
Angeiorrhoea (an-gi-or-rhe'ah) or Angiorrhce'a {an- 
geion, rheo, to flow). Passive hemorrhage. 
Angeiosarcoma, an-gi-o-sar-ko'mah. Angiosarcoma. 
Angeioscope, an-gi'o-skope {angeion, skopeo, to see). 
Instrument for examining smaller blood-vessels. 
Angeioscopy, Examination by the angeioscope. 
Angelo sialitis, an-gi-o-se-al-e'tis {angeion, sialon, sa- 
liva). Inflammation of salivary ducts. 
Angeiosls, an-gi-o'sis. Angiosis. 
Angeiospasm, an-gi'o-spazm. Vaso-motor spasm. 
Angelospastic, an-gi-o-spas'tik {angeion, spao, to 
produce spasms). Relating to spasm of blood-ves- 
sels. 
Angelosperm, an-gi'o-spurm. Sperm-vessel; male 
generative apparatus. 
Angelospermia, an-gi-o-spur'me-ah. Diseases of 
the male genital organs. 
Angeiostegnosis, an-gi-o-steg-no'sis {angeion, stegnoo, 
to constrict). Constriction of vessels. 
Angeiostenosis, an-gi-o-sten-o'sis {angeion, stenos, 
narrow). Narrowmess or contraction of vessels. 
Angeiostenotic, an-gi-o-sten-ot'ik {angeion, stenos, 
narrow). Agents which act as astringents on blood- 
vessels. 
Angeiosteogeny (an-gi-os-te-oj'en-e) ot Angeiosteo- 
sis, an-gi-os-ta-o'sis {angeion, osteon, bone, genesis, for- 
mation). Calcification or ossification of vessels. 
Angeiostosis (an-gi-o-sto'sis) or Angiosto'sis {an- 
geion, osteosis, ossification). Ossification of vessels. 
Angeiostrophe, an-gi-os'tro-fe {angeion, strepho, to 
turn). Torsion of vessels. 
Angelo symphysis, an-gi-o-sim'fis-is {angeion, sum- 
phusis, growing together). Adhesion of blood-vessels 
or their walls. ' - 
Angeiosynizesis, an-gi-o-sin-iz-a'sis (sunizesis, col- 
lapse). Collapse of walls of vessel. 
Angeiotasls, an-gi-ot'a-sis {tasis, tension). Disten- 
sion of blood-vessels. 
Angeiotelectasia, an-gi-o-te-lek-tah'ze-ah {angeion, 
telos, end, ektasis, dilatation). Telangiectasia. 
Angeioteria, an-gi-o-ta're-ah {teras, monstrosity). 
Malformation of blood-vessels. ANGEIOTH LI PSIS 
Angeiothlipsis, an-gi-o-thlip'sis (thlipsis, friction). 
Abrasion of vessels. 
Angeiotitis, an-gi-o-te'tis (ows, ear). Inflammation 
of blood-vessels of ear. 
Angeiotomy (an-gi-ot'o-me) or Angiot'omy (angeion, 
tome, incision). Dissection ot anatomy of vessels. 
Angeitis (an-gi-e'tis) or Angii'tis. Inflammation 
of vessels in general. 
Angelic acid, an-jel'ik as'id. Crystalline acid 
from angelica-root, croton oil, etc. A. root, Angelica 
lucida. 
Angelica, an-jel'ik-ah Ord. Umbelliferae. native 
of Lapland; root, stalk, leaves, and seed are aromatic 
and carminative; sweetmeat is made of the root; see 
Acidum valerianicum. A. archangel'ica, angelica. A. 
atropurpu'rea, Masterwort. Indigenous species, vir- 
tues same as those of angelica of Europe. A. levist'- 
icum, Ligusticum levisticum. A. lu'eida, Angelic root, 
Bellyache root, Nendo, White root. Indigenous plant, 
root of which is aromatic, stomachic, and tonic. Also 
Ligusticum actseifolium. A. nen'do, Ligusticum 
actaeifolium. A. officina'lis, imperatoria. A. paluda- 
pifo'lia, Ligusticum levisticum. A. root, root of an- 
gelica and imperatoria. A. sati'va,- angelica, A. syl- 
vestris. A. sylves'tris, Wild angelica, possesses similar 
properties to the last, but in an inferior degree; the 
seeds, powdered and put into the hair, are used to 
destroy lice; see Ligusticum podagraria. A. tree, 
Aralia spinosa. A. triquina'ta, Archangelica atro- 
purpurea. 
Angelinse cortex, an-jel-e'ne kor'teks. Bark of 
Grenada tree; anthelmintic and cathartic. 
Angelocacos, an-jel-ok'ak-os. Myrobalanus. 
Angemphraxis, an-jem-fraks'is. Angiemphraxis. 
Angiaeraphrosia, an-je-ah-er-af-roze'e-ah (aer, air, 
aphros, foam). Secretion of frothy mucus in the air- 
tubes. 
Angidiectasia, an - j e - de - ek - taz' e - ah. Telangi- 
ectasia. 
Angidiospongus, an-je-de-o-spon'gus (angeion, small 
vessel, spongos, fungus). Haematodes fungus. 
Angiectasia (an-je-ek-taz'e-ah) veno'sa. Varix. 
Angiectasis, an-je-ek'tas-is (angeion, ektasis, dila- 
tation). Dilatation of vessels; see Telangiectasis. 
Angiectoma, an-je-ek-to'mah. Swelling caused by 
dilatation of vessels. 
Angiectopia, an-je-ek-top'e-ah (angeion, ek, out of, 
topos, place). Condition in which vessels are out of 
their natural situation. 
Angielcosis, an-je-el-ko'sis (angeion, helkos, ulcer). 
Ulceration of blood-vessels. 
Angiemphraxis, an-je-em-fraks'is (angeion, em- 
phraxis, obstruction). Obstruction of vessels. 
Angienchyma, an-je-en'kim-ah (angeion, chuma, 
liquid). Vascular membrane or tissue. 
Angieurysma, an-je-u-riz'mah (angeion, eurusma, 
dilatation). Dilatation of vessels; angiectasis. 
Angiitis, an-je-e'tis. Inflammation of vessels. 
Angina, an-ji'nah (ancho, to choke). Sense of suf- 
focation. Inflammation of supradiaphragmatic por- 
tion of the alimentary canal and of the air-passages. 
Latin writers applied the term to every disease in 
which deglutition or respiration was affected, pro- 
vided such affection was above the stomach and lungs. 
Angina of the moribund was dysphagia or difficult 
deglutition preceding death. See Cynanche. A. 
accesso'ria, retro-pharyngeal abscess. A. angino'sa, 
scarlatina anginosa. A. aphtho'sa, aphthae. A. 
aquo'sa, cedema of the glottis. A. bronchia'lis, 
bronchitis. A. cani'na, croup. A. cantato'rum, 
sore throat of vocalists. A. carbuncula'rls, car- 
buncle of the throat. A. cardl'aca, A. pectoris. 
A. catarrha'lis, catarrhal inflammation of mucous 
membrane of pharynx, soft palate, uvula, and ton- 
sils. A. clerico'rum, clergymen's sore throat. A. 
cor'dis, A. pectoris. A. diphther'ica or diphtherit'- 
ica, diphtheritic inflammation of fauces and palate; 
see Pharyngitis, diphtheritic. A. epidem'ica, cynanche 
maligna. A. epiglottide'a, epiglottitis. A. eryslpe- 
lato'sa, erythematous or erysipelatous sore throat. A. 
exsudato'ria, cynanche trachealis. A- exter'na, cy- 
63 
f ANG1NOSE 
nanche parotidaea. A. fau'cium, isthmitis. A. fau'- 
cium exsudati'va, pharyngitis, diphtheritic. A. 
fau'cium malig'na, cynanche maligna. A., fi'brinous, 
diphtheroid sore throat. A. folliculo'sa of pharynx, 
pharyngitis, follicular. A. gangraeno'sa, cynanche 
maligna. A. glandulo'sa or granulo'sa, pharyngitis, 
follicular. A., hogskin, pharyngitis diphtheritica. 
A. hu'mida, cynanche trachealis. A. infan'tum, croup. 
A. inflammato'ria, cynanche, cynanche trachealis. 
A. inter'na, croup. A. lacuna'ris, inflammation of 
lacunae of tonsil. A. laryngae'a, laryngitis. A. la- 
ryngse'a oedemato'sa, cedema of glottis. A. lingua'- 
ria, glossitis. A. Ludov'ici (after Ludwig of Stuttgard, 
who first fully described it), phlegmonous inflamma- 
tion of floor of mouth and intermuscular and sub- 
cutaneous connective tissue of submaxillary region, 
sometimes terminating in diffuse gangrene and 
sloughing. A. malig'na, angina pellicularis, cynanche 
maligna; pharyngitis, diphtheritic. A. maxilla'ris, 
cynanche parotidsea. A. membrana'cea or membran - 
o'sa, cynanche trachealis. A. mi'tis, isthmitis. 
A. morbillo'sa, catarrhal condition accompanying 
measles. A. nasa'lis, inflammation of posterior por- 
tion of Schneiderian membrane lining the nose; 
coryza. A. oedemato'sa, cedema of glottis, effect of 
chronic cynanche laryngaea. A. palati'na, inflam- 
mation of velum palati. A. paralyt'ica, paralysis of 
the pharynx. A. parotidae'a exter'na, cynanche 
parotidaea, mumps. A. pec'toris, Diaphragmatic gout, 
Suffocative breast-pang, Cardiac apnoea, Neuralgia of the 
heart, disease, principal symptoms of which are 
violent pain about the sternum, extending toward 
the arms, anxiety, great dyspnoea, and sense of 
suffocation, diminished frequency of pulse, altera- 
tion of volume and rhythm, pallor, cold sweat, 
and sense of approaching death. It is an affec- 
tion of great danger, often connected with val- 
vular disease, embolism, ossification, or other morbid 
condition of the heart. Name also of an acutely 
painful intermittent affection of the heart, seem- 
ing to differ from angina pectoris more in regard 
to small number of parts drawn into morbid con- 
sent with the affected cardiac nerves than to its 
nature or appropriate treatment. The most power- 
ful stimulating and narcotic antispasmodics are 
required during the paroxysm of angina pectoris; 
friction and hot applications externally; nitrite of 
amyl by inhalation or nitro-glycerine internally. A. 
periicula'ris, pharyngitis, diphtheritic. A. perni- 
cio'sa, cynanche trachealis. A. pestilentia'lis, pha- 
ryngitis, diphtheritic. A. phlegmono'sa, acute in- 
flammation of throat with tendency to suppuration. 
A. plas'tica, diphtheria. A. polypo'sa, cynanche 
trachealis. A. pseudo-membrano'sa, pharyngitis, 
diphtheritic. A. pulpo'sa, cynanche trachealis. A., 
pulta'ceous, inflammation with white or grayish 
patches. A. sanguin'ea, cynanche tonsillaris. A. 
sero'sa, catarrhal a.; cedema of glottis. A. sic'ca, 
chronic inflammation of pharynx, with distressing 
sense of dryness and heat, in chronic diseases of the 
stomach and lungs; see Pxdanchone. A. sim'plex, 
isthmitis. A. spasmod'ica or spast'ica, asthma 
thymicum, laryngismus stridulus. A. squirro'sa, 
difficulty of deglutition from scirrhous disorganiza- 
tion of pharynx or oesophagus, or from enlarged tonsils. 
A. strangulate'ria, cynanche trachealis. A. strepi- 
to'sa, cynanche trachealis. A. strid'ula, laryngis- 
mus stridulus, membranous croup. A. suffocato'ria, 
cynanche trachealis. A. synocha'lis, cynanche ton- 
sillaris. A. syphilit'ica, syphilis affecting the throat.- 
A. thy'mica, laryngismus stridulus, asthma. A. thy- 
reoi'dea, inflammation of thyroid gland. A. tonsilla'- 
ris, cynanche tonsillaris. A., tox'ic, angina depend- 
ent on poisoning or blood-poisoning. A. trachea'lis, 
cynanche trachealis. A. cum tumo're, cynanche ton- 
sillaris. A. ulcero'sa, cynanche maligna. A. uvula'- 
ris, staphyloedema, uvulitis. A. ve'ra et legit'ima, 
cynanche tonsillaris. 
Anglnose (an'jin-ose), Anginous (an'jin-us), or An'- 
ginoid. Relating or appertaining to angina, as 
anginose scarlatina, ANGIO < 
Angio. See Angeio for words not given under Angio. 
Angiocarditis (an-je-o-kar-de'tis) or Angeiocardi'- 
tis (angeion, and carditis). Inflammation of the heart 
and great vessels. 
Angiocaverno'sus. Vascular nse void nodular tumor 
of the subcutaneous cellular tissue. 
Angiocholitis, an-je-o-kol-e'tis (angeion, chole, bile). 
Inflammation of the bile-ducts. 
Angioderma pigmentosum, an-je-o-dur'mah pig- 
men-to'sum. Atrophoderma pigmentosum. 
Anglodes, an-je-o'des. Full of vessels. 
Angiodesmoses, an-je-o-des-mo'zes (angeion, desme, 
band). Trophic diseases of corium and subcutaneous 
connective tissue, due to derangement of cutaneous 
blood-vessels or lymphatics. 
Angiodiastasis, an-je-o-de-as'tas-is (angeion, dias- 
tasis, separation). Angiectasis. 
Angioelephantiasis, an-je-o-el-e-fant-e'as-is. Ele- 
phantiasis of connective-tissue layer of skin, extend- 
ing thence to the surface; elephantiasis teleangiectasis. 
Angioepidermidoses, an-je-o-ep-e-dur-mid-o'ses (an- 
geion, epi, upon, derma, skin). Affections of skin cha- 
racterized by trophic changes in the epidermis, with 
derangement of superficial blood-vessels. 
Angiogeny, an-je-oj'en-e. Angeiogeny. 
Angioglio'ma. Vascular glioma of spinal cord. 
Angiograph, an'je-o-graf. Sphygmograph. 
Angiography, an-je-og'raf-e. Angeiography. 
Angiohydrography, an-je-o-hi-drog'raf-e. Angeio- 
hydrography. 
Angiohydrology, an-je-o-hi-drol'o-je. Angeiohy- 
drology. 
Angiohydrotomy, an-je-o-hi-drot'o-me. Angeiohy- 
drotomy. 
Angioitis, an-je-o-e'tis. Angeitis. 
Angiokeratoma, an-je-o-ker-at-o'mah. Rare cuta- 
neous affection, commencing with red specks, which 
become prominent and hard and watery; being due 
to dilatation or neoplasm of a blood-vessel. 
Angioleucitis, an-je-o-lu-se'tis. Angeioleucitis. 
Angioleucology, an-je-o-lu-kol'o-je. Angeioleu- 
cology. 
Angiolith, an'je-o-lith (angeion, lithos, stone). Phleb- 
olith. 
Angiology, an-ge-ol'o-je. Angeiology. 
Angiolymphitis, an-je-o-lim-fe'tis. Angeioleucitis. 
Angioma, an-je-o'mah. See Angeioma. A. ar- 
teria'le racemo'sum, see Aneurism (cirsoid). A. 
capilla're, nsevus, teleangiectasis. A. caverno'sum, 
form of angioma in which there are communicating 
cavitiek A. elephanti'acum, angioelephantiasis. A. 
lipomato'des, angioelephantiasis. A. lymphat'icum, 
lymphangioma. A. neurot'icum, angioelephantiasis. 
A. pigmento'sum, naevus pigmentosus. A. racemo'- 
sum, cirsoid aneurism. A. varico'sum, teleangiec- 
tasis venosum. A. veno'sum, A. cavernosum. A. 
verruco'sum, naevus verrucosus. 
Angiomalacia, an-je-o-mal-ah'se-ah. Angeiomalacia. 
Angiomyces, an-je-om'e-ces (angeion, mukes, fun- 
gus). Hsematodes fungus. 
Angiomyoma, an-je-o-me-o'mah. A vascular erec- 
tile muscular tumor. 
Angioneoplasma, an-je-o-ne-o-plas'mah. Angioma; 
new vascular growth. 
Angioneurosin, an-je-o-nu-ro'sin. Nitroglycerine. 
Angioneurosis, an-je-o-nu-ro'sis (angeion, vessel, 
neurosis). Neurosis connected with blood-vessels of a 
part, as of skin, spinal cord, cortex of brain, etc. 
Herpes zoster is a vaso-motor neurosis in superficial 
cutaneous layers, an exanthematous angeioneurosis. 
Angioneurotic, an-je-o-nu-rot'ik. Relating to an- 
gioneurosis. A. cede'ma, oedema due to angioneu- 
rosis. 
Angionoma (an-je-o-no'mah) or Angeiono'ma. Vas- 
cular growth: applied also, generically, to aneurism, 
erectile tumors, and varix. 
Angionosus (an-je-on'o-sus), Angionusus (an-je-o- 
nu'sus), or Angiopathia, an-je-o-path-e'ah (angeion, 
nosos, disease). Angeiopathia. 
Angioparalysis, an-je-o-par-al'is-is. Paralysis of 
yaso-motor nerves, 
64 
ANGLE 
Angioplania, an-je-o-plan'e-ah. Anomaly in struc- 
ture and distribution of vessels. 
Angioplastic, an-je-o-plas'tik (plasso, to flow). 
Forming new vessels. 
Angioplerosis, an-je-o-ple-ro'sis (angeion, pleroo, to 
fill). Plethora. 
Angiopyra, an-je-op'ir-ah (angeion, pur, fire). Con- 
tinued fever; see Synocha. 
Angiorrhagia, an-je-or-rhaj'e-ah (angeion, and rhage, 
rupture). Active hemorrhage. 
Angiorrhoea, an-je-or-rhe'ah. Passive hemorrhage. 
Angiosarcoma, an-je-o-sar-ko'mah. Vascular sar- 
coma. 
Angiosis, an-je-o'sis. Disease or morbid condition 
of vessels. 
Angiostegnosis, an-je-o-steg-no'sis (stegnosis, con- 
striction). Constriction of vessels. Medicines which 
produce constriction of vessels are called Angiosteg- 
not'ics. 
Angiostenosis, an-je-o-sten-o'sis (stenosis, contrac- 
tion). Angeiostenosis. 
Angiostosis, an-je-os-to'sis. Ossification of vessels. 
Anglo strophe, an-je-os'tro-fe (strepho, to turn). See 
Torsion. • 
Angiosymphysls, an-je-o-sim'fis-is. Union or close 
apposition of vessels. 
Angiosynezesis, an-je-o-sin-ez-a'sis (angeion, sunize- 
sis, falling together). Collapse of blood-vessels. 
Angiotasis, an-je-ot'as-is (angeion, tasis, tension). 
Tension of vessels. 
Angiotatic, an-je-o-tat'ik. Relating to tension of 
vessels. 
Angiotelectasia, an-je-o-tel-ek-taz'e-ah (angeion, 
telos, end, ektasis, extension, dilatation). Dilatation 
of capillary vessels; see Telangiectasia.. 
Angiotenic (an-je-o-ten'ik) or Angeioten'ic (angeion, 
teino, to stretch). Epithet given to inflammatory 
or continued fever, whose action seems to be chiefly 
exerted on the vascular system. 
Angiotomy, an-ji-ot'o-me. Dissection or anatomy 
of vessels. 
An'gle. Space between two lines which meet 
in a point. In anatomy it signifies union of 
two lines or borders meeting from different direc- 
tions. Craniometrical angles imply angle formed 
by two lines or planes in measurements of the skull. 
A. of aberration, A. of deviation. A., acro'mial, 
angle formed by clavicle and head of radius. A., 
al'pha, angle formed by line of vision and optic 
axis. A., alve'olar, A. formed by horizontal line 
of head, intersecting line from point beneath nasal 
spine to alveolar point. A., auric'ular, any angle 
formed by lines meeting at auricular point, which 
is middle of external auditory meatus. The terms 
Auriculo-cranial angle, A.-facial angle, A.-frontal angle, 
A.-occipital angle, A.-parietal angle, are applied to 
auricular angles whose lines pass through the cra- 
nium, face, frontal and occipital regions respectively. 
A., basifa'cial, A. formed by line from basion to mid- 
dle of anterior edge of inner surface of the sphenoid, 
and line drawn from latter to alveolar point. A., 
bas'ilar, angle whose apex is basion, and sides pass to 
nasion and opisthion. A., bior'bital, A. produced by 
meeting of orbital axes. A. of Camper, A., facial. 
A., cephal'ic, see Angle, facial, and A., cranial. A., 
con'dylar, A. made by plane of occipital foramen 
with plane of basilar groove. A., coro'no-fa'cial, A. 
between facial line and plane passing through coronal 
suture. A., cra'nial, angles whose lines meet at the 
front edge of the occipital foramen. A. of Daubenton, 
A., occipital. A. of deviation, angle formed by line 
of refracted ray with line of ray if not refracted. 
A. of eye, angle at corners of eye formed with 
the lids. A., fa'cial, or A. of Camper, is formed by 
union of two lines, one drawn from most prominent 
part of forehead to alveolar edge of upper jaw oppo- 
site incisor teeth, facial line; the other from meatus 
auditorius externusto the same point of the jaw. Ac- 
cording to the size of the angle it has been attempted 
to appreciate respective proportions of cranium and 
face, and the degree of intelligence of individuals and ANGLICUS SUDOR 
of animals. In the white varieties of the species it is 
generally 80° ; in the negro not more than 70°, some- 
times only 65°. As we descend the scale of animals 
it becomes less and less, until, in fishes, it nearly or 
entirely disappears. Intelligence is ascribed to those 
in which the angle is largely developed, as the ele- 
phant and owl; but the large facial angle is caused by 
size of the frontal sinuses, and not by size of the brain. 
Several other facial angles formed by lines have been 
proposed from other points. A., fa'clal, or'phyro- 
spi'nal, A., orphyro-spinal. A., fron'tal, A. made by 
lines meeting at auricular point projected from 
bregma and glabella. A. of in'cidence, angle made 
by ray of light or wave of sounds, with perpendicular 
to reflecting or refracting surface. A., in'io-fa'cial, 
A. of lines meeting at inion from glabella and sym- 
physis of chin. A. of Lavat'er, angle between top 
of nose and outer canthus of eye, and line from 
first point to angle of mouth in front of first molar 
tooth. A. of lips, angle formed between corners of 
mouth and lips. A., Louis's, A. sometimes seen in 
tuberculosis between upper part of sternum and its 
body. A. of Mulder, A. formed by crossing of facial 
line of Camper with line from basi-occipital bone to 
nasion. A., na'sal, several are described : one formed 
by horizontal line of skull, with one passing from 
centre of naso-frontal suture to centre of alveolar 
border; another by lines passing from subnasal spine 
to naso-frontal suture and basion respectively. A., 
occip'ital, of Daubenton, is formed by line drawn 
from posterior margin of foramen magnum to inferior 
margin of orbit, and another drawn from top of the 
head to space between occipital condyles. In man 
these condyles, as well as the foramen magnum, are 
so situate that a line drawn perpendicular to them 
would be the continuation of the spine; but in animals 
they are placed more or less obliquely, and the angle 
is rendered more acute. A., olfac'tory, that formed 
by basicranial axis with plane of cribriform plate. 
A., op'tic, angle formed by two lines shaving the 
extremities of an object and meeting at centre of 
pupil. A., or'phyro-spl'nal fa'cial, A. formed by 
lines meeting at nasal spine from orphyron and 
auricular point. A., pari'etal, angle between lines 
from bregma and lambda to auricular point. A., pre- 
max'illary, A., basifacial. A. of prognath'ion, angle 
expressing amount of prominence of face. A. of re- 
flection, angle made by ray of light or wave of 
sound with perpendicular to reflecting surface at 
point of reflection. A. of refraction, A. made by 
refracted ray with extension of perpendicular falling 
on surface of refraction. A., sincip'ital, A. of Mulder. 
A., sphenoid'al, A. made by lines from nasion and 
basion to middle of transverse groove of optic com- 
missure. A., suboccip'ital, A. made by lines passing 
to auricular point from external occipital protuber- 
ance and posterior edge of foramen occipitale; A. 
made by lines from same point to lambda and external 
occipital protuberance is called supraoccipital. A., 
vestib'ular, angle made between back and middle 
walls of vestibule of ear. A. of vision, A., optic. 
A., vis'ual, A., optic. A. of Vogt, angle formed by 
lines projected respectively from nasion to basion 
and alveolar point. A. of Wal'ther, A. formed by 
line from protuberance of occipital bone to crista 
galli of ethmoid, and line from glabella to nasion. 
Ang'licus su'dor. See Sudor. 
Ang'nail. Hangnail. 
Ango'la-seed. Jequirity. 
Angona, an'go-na, properly An'chona (ancho, to 
choke). Nervous quinsy; feeling of strangulation, 
with dread of suffocation, common in hysterical fe- 
males, and accompanied with sensation as if a ball 
arose from the abdomen to the throat, globus hystericus. 
Angina. 
Angophrasia, an - go - fraz' e-ah (ancho, to choke, 
phrasis, speech). Defective speech, in which certain 
sounds are drawled or dwelt upon at greater length 
than others; occurs in paralytic dementia. 
An'gor. Extreme anxiety accompanied with pain- 
ful constriction at the epigastrium, often with pal- 
65 
• ANHELITUS 
pitation and oppression; see Angina pectoris, Agony, 
Orthopnoea. A. fau'cium, isthmitis. A. pec'toris, 
angina pectoris. 
An'gos. Uterus; blood-vessel. 
Angourion, an-goor'e-on (angos, hollow vessel). 
Cucumis sativus. 
Angrsecum (an-gre'kum) carina'tum. Juice of this 
E. Indian plant is purgative and anthelmintic. A. 
fra'grans, plant indigenous to Isle of Bourbon and 
Mauritius, whose leaves, under the name of faham, 
have been used as substitute for Chinese tea. 
Angry. Inflamed. 
Angulllula, an-gwil'u-lah. Genus of worms, An- 
guillidse. A. intestina'lis, form of intestinal worm. 
A. ster'coralis, worm found in the intestines in some 
forms of diarrhoea. 
Anguish, an'gwish. Angor. A., feb'rile, combina- 
tion of weariness, pain, weakness, etc., affecting the 
head and neck, generally observed at commencement 
of fever. 
Angular, an'gu-lar (angulus, angle). Eelating to an 
angle. A. ap'erture, angle formed by the rays of 
light at focal point of a microscope. A. artery and 
vein, termination of facial artery and vein, because 
they pass by the greater angle of the eye; facial 
artery and vein, because they pass under the angle of 
the jaws; see Facial. A. convolution or gy'rus, cere- 
bral convolution connecting supertemporal and medi- 
temporal gyri. A. nerve, filament furnished by in- 
ferior maxillary, passing near greater angle of eye. 
A. processes of frontal bone are seated near the 
angles of the eyes; see Orbitar. 
Angularis (an-gu-lar'is) scap'ulse. Levator scapulae. 
Anguli-labialis, an'gu-le lab-e-al'is. Depressor 
anguli oris. 
Angulus, an'gu-lus. Angle. A. costae, angle of 
rib. A. eth'mo-lacryma'lis, ethmo-lacrymal angle. 
A. fronta'lis, anterior superior angle of parietal bone. 
A. Ludov'ici, angle of Louis. A. ocula'ris, canthus 
of eye. A. oc'uli, corner or canthus of the eye. 
A. opticus, angle, optic, or angle of vision. A. 
o'ris, angle of mouth. A. praecordia'lis, subcostal 
angle. A. pu'bis, angle of the pubes. A. scap'ulse, 
angle of scapula. A. veno'sus, angle of junction of 
internal jugular and subclavian veins. A. viso'- 
rius, angle, optic. A. visua'lis or viso'rius, angle 
of vision. 
Anguria, an-gu're-ah (angos, hollow vessel). Cu- 
curbita citrullus. 
Angus. Uterus; blood-vessel. 
Angustatio, an-gus-tah'she-o (angustus, narrow). 
Angustia, arctatio, stenosis, stricture. A. cor'dis, 
systole. A. intesti'ni a'ni or recti, stricture of the 
rectum. 
Angustia, an-gus'te-ah. Anxiety, narrowness, 
strait, constriction; narrow portion of lacrymal 
canal. A. abdomina'lis, pelvis, brim of pelvis. 
A. abdomina'lis pel'vis, brim of pelvis. A. peri- 
nsea'lis, outlet of pelvis; inferior pelvic strait. A. 
prsecordio'rum, asthma. A. tym'pani, isthmus of 
the tympanum. A. uri'nae, strangury. 
Angustura, an-gus-tu'rah. Cusparia febrifuga 
galipea. A., false, Brucia antidysenterica, Strychnos 
nux vomica. A. spu'ria, Brucia antidysenterica, 
Strychnos nux vomica. A. trifoliata, galipea. 
Angustu'rin. Brucine; bitter alkaloid of cusparia. 
Anhsemato'sla or Anhsematosis, an-he-mat-o'sis 
{an, hxmatosis). Asphyxia, ansematosis, anaemia. 
Anhaemia, an-he'me-ah. Anaemia. 
Anhalonium Lewinii, an-hal-o'ne-um lew-in'e-e. 
Active principle of cactus of same name; poison like 
strychnia. 
Anhaphia, an-haf'e-ah. Anaphia. 
Anhelatio, an-hel-ash'e-o (anhelo, to pant). Pant- 
ing, gasping, anhelation, short and rapid breathing. 
See Dyspnoea. Term sometimes employed synony- 
mously with asthma. Such respiration is said to be 
anhelous. 
Anhela'tion. See Anhelatio and Anhelitus. 
Anhelltus, an-hel'it-us. Anhelation, difficult res- 
piration, asthma. ANHIDROSIS 
Anhidrosis, an-hid-ro'sis. Anidrosis. 
Anhidrotic, an-hid-rot'ik. Antihydrotic. 
Anhistous (an-hist'us) or Anhist'ic (an, histos, or- 
ganic texture). Anorganic, amorphous; without def- 
inite shape or structure. Tunica decidua uteri is 
termed an anhistous membrane. 
Anhydraemia, an-hid-re'me-ah (an, hudor, water, 
haima, blood). Condition of blood in which there is 
diminished quantity of serum. 
Anhydride, an-hi'drid (a, priv., hudor, water). 
Name given to chemical combinations which are de- 
void of water. 
Anhydromyelia, an-hid-ro-me-el'e-ah (an, hudor, 
water, muelos, marrow). Deficiency or absence in 
spinal cavity of cephalo-spinal fluid. 
Anhydrous, an-hi'drus (an, hudor, water). Devoid 
of water, as A. alcohol, absolute alcohol, etc. 
Anhyste'ria (an, hustera, uterus). Absence of ute- 
rus ; ametria. 
Anicetum, an-is-a'tum (an, nike, victory, invincible). 
Anise; also, plaster formed of litharge, cerusse, thus, 
alum, turpentine, white pepper, and oil. 
Anideus, an-id'a-us (an, eidos, shape). Amorphous; 
devoid of shape, as a monster. 
Ani'dous (an, eidos, form). Shapeless, amorphous, 
as in case of some monstrosities. 
Anidremia, an-id-ra'me-ah. Anhydrsemia. 
Anidrosis, an-id-ro'sis (an, hidros, sweat). Absence 
of sweat; deficiency of perspiration, local or general. 
Anidrotic, an-id-rot'ik (same etymon). Eelating to 
anidrosis; checking perspiration. 
Anilema (an-il-a'mah) or Anilesis, an-il-a'sis (ana, 
eileo, to twist). Borborygmus, tormina. 
Anilic acid, an-il'ik as'id. Indigotic acid, formed 
by treating indigo with nitric acid. 
Aniline, an'il-een. CgHtN, amidobenzine; an arti- 
ficial alkaloid, named from anil, Indigofera anil, which 
furnishes indigo; an oily liquid prepared from coal- 
tar, sp. gr. 1.036. It distils over when finely-pulverized 
indigo is decomposed by concentrated solution of po- 
tassa in a retort. Its chief value is due to beautiful 
coloring matters derived from it. Inhalation of it by 
workmen has sometimes produced symptoms of poison- 
ing, such as neuralgia, giddiness, insensibility, etc., and 
contact of aniline colors with the skin occasionally 
produces a peculiar eruption. When given internally 
or by inhalation it acts upon the central nervous sys- 
tem, producing muscular excitation. A. blue, deep- 
blue aniline dye, useful for staining. A. cam'phor- 
ate, a soluble antipyretic salt. A. red, magenta. A. 
sul'phate, sulphate of aniline, has been prescribed 
in nervous disorders, as chorea and epilepsy. Dose, 
gr. j three times a day, gradually increased. See 
Aniline. 
Anilism, au'il-izm. Constitutional effect of con- 
tinuous exposure to vapors of aniline preparations, as 
vomiting, loss of consciousness, blueness of skin, etc. 
See Aniline. 
Anilitas, an-il'it-as (anus, old woman). Dementia 
senilis, senility. 
Anima, an'im-ah (anemos, wind or breath). Mind, 
breath, etc. Principle of intellectual and moral mani- 
festations; principle of life, that of plants being 
termed anima vegetativa; that of man, anima sensi- 
tiva; consciousness. Anima of Stahl was a fancied 
intelligent principle, supposed to preside over the 
phenomena of life. See Animist. Anima also meant 
active principle of a drug. A., al'oes, Aloes succo- 
torina. A. articulo'rum, hermodactylus. A. hep'- 
atis, ferri sulphas. A. pulmo'num, crocus. A. rhe'i, 
infusum rhei. A. of Stahl, see Anima. A. vegeta- 
ti'va, plastic force. 
Animal, an'im-al An animated being. Most ani- 
mals have power of locomotion; some merely execute 
partial movements, such as contraction and dilata- 
tion. It is often difficult to determine what is an 
animal characteristic. The study of animals is called 
zoology. See Animal kingdom. As an adjective, that 
which concerns or belongs to an animal. A. ac'id, 
acid contained in bodies of animals. A. al'kaloid, 
see Alkaloid. A. char'coal, bone-black; product of 
66 
> ANIMI AGITATIO 
calcination of bones. A. chem'istry, chemistry of 
animal bodies. A. econ'omy, see Economy. A. food, 
this kind of food is rich in albuminous or nitrogenous 
substances, and contains also fat; it is more digestible 
than vegetable food. Fresh beef contains, according 
to Moleschott: 
Water 73.4 parts. 
Nitrogenous substances: 
Soluble albumen and gelatin 2.25 " 
Insoluble albumen and gelatin .... 15.2 " 
Gelatinous substances: 3.3 " 
Extractives 1.38 " 
Kreatin 0.068 " 
Mineral matter or ash 1.6 " 
A. heat, caloric constantly formed by body of living 
animal, by which it preserves nearly same tempera- 
ture whatever may be that of the medium in which it 
is placed. It takes place over the whole body, in pro- 
duction of carbonic acid, and in other oxidizing pro- 
cesses, and in changes in nutrition. A. king'dom 
comprises all animated beings; they may be clas- 
sified as follows (according to Claus): 
Pisces, 
Amphibia, 
Eeptilia, 
Aves, 
Mammalia. 
Vertebrata. 
Protozoa, 
Coelenterata, 
Echinodermata, 
Vermes, 
Arthropods, 
Mollusca, 
Molluscoidea, 
Tunica ta. 
Invertebrata. 
A. lay'er, serous layer of blastodermic vesicle. A. 
mag'netism, mesmerism, hypnotism, etc.; see Mag- 
netism. A. mus'cles, voluntary muscles. A. oil, fetid 
oil obtained by decomposition of immediate principles 
of animals, which, when purified, is used as stimulant. 
Fat contained in fat-vesicles. 
Animalcula (pl. of Animalculum) seminalia, an- 
im-al'ku-lah sem-in-al'e-ah. Spermatozoa. A. sperm- 
at'ica, spermatozoa. 
Animalcule, an-im-al'kule (dim. of Animal). Small 
animal, well seen only by the microscope. A., seminal, 
spermatozoon. A., spermat'ic, spermatozoon. 
Animalculism, an-im-al'ku-lizm. Spermatism. 
Animalculist, an-im-al'ku-list. One who explains 
physiological or pathological phenomena by means of 
animalcules. One who believes the embryo to be 
formed from so-called spermatic animalcules. Sper- 
matist, seminist. 
Animalculovism, an-im-al'ku-lo-vizm (animalculum, 
ovum). Doctrine which maintains that new being is 
formed by concourse of spermatic animalcule or sper- 
matozoid with the ovum. 
Animalculum, an-im-al'ku-lum. Animalcule. 
Animalist, an'im-al-ist. Animalculist. 
Animality, Aggregate of qualities 
distinguishing that which is animated; that which 
constitutes the animal. 
Animalization, an-im-al-i-za'shun. Transformation 
of nutritive parts of food into living substance of 
body to be nourished; assimilation. 
Animate, an'im-ate (animo, to give life). To excite 
or render active, as to animate a blister, that is, to 
excite it; to suppurate. 
Animatio, an-im-ah'she-o. Animation. A. foe'tus, 
quickening. 
Animation, an-im-a'shun. Act of animating; state 
of being alive or enlivened; quickening; acute mania. 
A., suspended, asphyxia. 
Anime, an'im-e. Eesin obtained from trunk of 
Hymensea courbaril. A. cour'baril, South American 
tree, ord. Fabacese, used as cephalic and uterine 
remedy; a constituent of some plasters. 
Animellse, an-im-el'le. Parotid glands. 
Animi agitatio, an'im-e adj-e-tah'she-o. Agitation. ANIMISM I 
A. ca'sus sub'itus ("sudden loss of mind"), syncope. 
A. dellq'uium, syncope. A. pathe'mata, passions. 
An'imism. See Animist. 
Animist, an'im-ist. One who refers phenomena of 
the animal economy and disordered conditions to the 
soul, animism, under the view that it is endeavoring 
to expel the deranging cause. 
Animus, an'im-us. Anima, breath. 
Anion, an'e-on (ana, upward, ion, going). Electro- 
negative element, because appearing at anode when 
set free by electrolysis. 
Aniridia (an-ir-id'e-ah) or Aniridismus, an-ir-id- 
iz'mus (an, iris). Absence of iris. 
Anisatus, an-is-at'us. Anisated; that is, contain- 
ing anise. 
Aniscalptor, an-e-skalp'tor (anus, scalpo, to scratch). 
Latissimus dorsi muscle. 
Anischuria, an-is-ku're-ah (an, ischouria, suppres- 
sion of urine). Incontinence of urine. 
Anise, an'is. Pimpinella anisum. A., star, Illi- 
cium anisatum, I. Floridanum. A. tree of Florida, 
Ulicium Floridanum. A. tree, yellow-flowered, 11- 
licium anisatum. A. water, see Pimpinella anisum. 
Aniseed, an'e-seed. See Pimpinella anisum. 
Ani'si sem'ina. See Pimpinella anisum. 
Anisic (an-is'ik) acid. Result of oxidation of ane- 
thol; antiseptic and antipyretic, used internally in 
the anisate of sodium. 
Anisocoria, an-is-o-ko're-ah (anisos, unequal, kore, 
pupil). Unequal size of pupils of the two eyes. 
Anisodac'tylus (anisos, unequal, daktulos, finger). 
Having fingers unequal in length. 
Anisodontous, an-is-o-don'tus (anisos, unequal, 
odous, tooth). Having teeth of unequal length. 
Anisodus luridus, an-is-o'dus lu'rid-us (anisos, un- 
equal, odous, tooth, from unequal divisions of calyx). 
Plant of Nepal, narcotic, and resembling belladonna 
and tobacco; dilating the pupil. 
Anisometrope, an-is-o'me-trope (anisos, unequal, 
metron, measure, ops, eye). One affected with aniso- 
metropia. 
Anisometropia, an-is-o-met-ro'pe-ah. Inequality in 
refraction in the two eyes. One so affected is Aniso- 
metrop'ic. 
Anisophyllum ipecacuanha, an-is-o-fil'lum ip-e- 
kak-u-an'ah (anisos, unequal, phullon, leaf). Euphor- 
bia ipecacuanha. 
Anisosthenes, an-is-os'the-nes (anisos, unequal, 
sthenos, strength). Unequal in strength ; epithet ap- 
plied to muscular contractility which is sometimes 
augmented in certain muscles only, flexors, for ex- 
ample. 
Anisosthenic, an-is-os-then'ik (anisos, unequal, 
sthenos, strength). Inequality of strength. 
Anisotachys, an-is-ot'ak-is (anisos, unequal, tachus, 
quick). Epithet for pulse when quick and unequal. 
Anisotropic (an-is-o-trop'ik) or Anisotropous, an- 
is-ot'rop-us (anisos, unequal, trepo, to turn). Having 
the power of causing double refraction of ray of light. 
Anisum, an-e'sum. See Pimpinella anisum. A. Afri- 
ca'num frutes'cens, Bubon galbanum. A. frutico'- 
sum galbanif'erum, Bubon galbanum. A. officina'le, 
Pimpinella anisum. A. Sinen'se, Ulicium anisatum. 
A. stella'tum, Ulicium anisatum. A. vulga're, Pim- 
pinella anisum. 
Anisuric (an-is-u'rik) acid. C10H11NO2. Acid anal- 
ogous to hippuric acid excreted in the urine after 
use of anise. 
Anitersor, an-e-tur'sor (anus, tergo, to wipe). Latis- 
simus dorsi. 
Ankle, an'kl. Portion of lower extremity in- 
cluded between the leg and foot. See Astragalus and 
Malleolus. A. clo'nus (klonos, tumultuous movement), 
series of uniform spasmodic contractions of ankle- 
joint when extensors of that joint are put continu- 
ously on the stretch; more marked in hysteria and 
lateral sclerosis. A.-joint, articulation between tibia 
and fibula above and on the sides, and astragalus 
below; regulated by three ligaments. 
Ank'let. Bandage or leather bands to surround the 
ankle. 
67 
ANKYLOTIA 
An'kola. Bark of roots of Alangium Lamarckii. 
emetic; also used in skin diseases. 
Ankuroid, ank'u-roid (ankura, anchor, eidos, form). 
Like an anchor, as ankuroid cavity, descending cor- 
ner of lateral ventricle. 
An'kus. Ancus. 
Ankylenteria, an-kil-en-ter'e-ah (ankylo, enteron, 
intestine). Adhesion or growing together of the in- 
testines. 
An'kylo. Crooked. See Ancylo. 
Ankylobleph'aron or Ancyloblepharon, an-ke-lo- 
blef'ar-on (ankylo, blepharon, eyelid). Preternatural 
union between free edges of eyelids. Union between 
eyelids and globe of eye. A. adna'tum, congenital a. 
Ankylocheilia (an-kil-o-keil'e-ah) or Ancyiochei'lia 
(ankylo, cheilos, lip). Adhesion or union of the lips. 
Ankylocolpus, an-kil-o-kol'pus (ankylo, kolpos, va- 
gina). Atresia of vagina or vulva. 
Ankylocore, an-kil-o-ko'ra (ankylo, kore, pupil). 
Adhesion and occlusion of pupil. 
Ankylodere (an-kil-od'er-a) or Ankylod'eris (an- 
kylo, dere, neck). Wry neck. 
Ankylodontia, an-kil-o-don'she-ah (ankylo, odous, 
tooth). Irregular position of teeth in jaws. Adhe- 
sion of teeth. 
. Ankyloglossia (an-kil-o-glos'se-ah) or Ancyloglos'- 
sia (ankylo, glossa, tongue), impeded motion of tongue 
from adhesion between it and the gums, or shortness 
of fraenum. Latter affection constitutes Tongue-tie, 
Lingua fraenata, Olophonia linguae frenata, merely re- 
quiring the fraenum to be divided with scissors. 
Ankyloglossotome, an-kil-o-glos'so-tome (ankylo- 
glossia, tongue-tie, tome, incision). Instrument used 
in operation for tongue-tie. 
Ankylomele (an-kil-o-me'le) or Ancylome'le (an- 
kylo, mele, probe). Curved probe; adhesion of limbs 
(melos, limb). 
Ankylomerismus (an-kil-o-mer-is'mus) or Ancylo- 
meris'mus (ankylo, meros, a part). Morbid adhesion 
between parts. 
Ankylopodia, an-kil-o-pod'e-ah (ankylo, pous, foot). 
Ankylosis of foot at ankle-joint. 
Ankyloproctia (an-kil-o-prok'she-ah) or Ankylo- 
procton, an-kil-o-prok'ton (ankylo, proctos, anus). 
Stricture of anus or rectum. 
Ankylops, an'kil-ops (anchi, near, ops, eye). JEgilops. 
Ankylorrhinia (an-kil-or-rhin'e-ah) or Ancylor- 
rhin'ia (ankylo, rhis, nose). Morbid union of parietes 
of nose. 
Ankylosed, an'kil-ozed. See Ankylosis. 
Ankylosis (an-kil-o'sis), Ancylo'sis, or Anchylo'sis 
(ankylo, osis). Stiff j oint. An affection in which there 
is great difficulty or even impossibility of moving a 
diarthrodial articulation. Morbid adhesion of articu- 
lating surfaces. It is so called because the limb com- 
monly remains constantly flexed. Joint thus affected 
is Ankylosed. Ankylosis is complete or true when 
there is intimate adhesion between synovial surfaces, 
with union of articular extremities of bones. In in- 
complete or false ankylosis there is obscure motion, 
but fibrous parts around the joint are more or less 
stiff and thickened. In this last state the joint must 
be gently and gradually exercised, and oily relaxing 
applications assiduously employed. A., Bar'ton's 
operation for, see Barton. A., cap'sular, stiffness of 
joint from morbid change in capsular ligament. A., 
false, see Ankylosis. A., mus'cular, stiffness due to 
contracted muscles. A. spu'ria, rigidity of the joints. 
Ankylostomiasis, an-kil-o-stom-e'as-is (ankylo, 
stoma, mouth). Morbid condition from presence of 
ankylostomum duodenale, observed in miners-hence 
called miner's anaemia-and workers in tunnels, at- 
tended with morbid heart-sounds, dropsy, and de- 
ficiency of white corpuscles in the blood. 
Ankylostomo-ansemia, an-kil-os'to-mo-an-e'me-ah. 
Ankylostomiasis. 
Ankylostomum duodenale, an-kil-os'to-mum du-o- 
den-al'e. Parasitic worm in upper portions of hu- 
man intestine, causing fatal anaemia. 
Ankylotia (an-kil-o'she-ah) or Ancylo'tia (ankylo, 
ous, the ear). Morbid union of parietes of the ear. ANKYLOTIC < 
Ankylotic, an-kil-ot'ik. Causing ankylosis. 
Ankylotome, ank'il-o-tome. Instrument for divid- 
ing adhesions in ankylosis of various kinds. 
Ankylotomus (an-kil-ot'o-mus) or Ancylot'omus 
{ankylo, tome, incision). Any kind of curved knife; 
instrument for dividing fraenum linguae. 
Ankylurethria, an-kil-u-ra'thre-ah. Stricture or 
atresia of urethra. 
Ankyra, an'kir-ah {anchura, hook). Hook for sur- 
gical or anatomical uses. 
Ankyrism, an'kir-izm. Operation of hooking bones 
together by suture; articulation of bones by hooking 
together, as palatine process and upper jaw. 
Ankyroid, an'kir-oid {anchura, hook, eidos, shape). 
Posterior prolongation or horn of lateral ventricle. 
Annectant (connecting) (an-nek'taut) convolu'- 
tions. Small cerebral convolutions acting as bridges 
between larger ones. 
Anneslea grandiflora, an-ues-le'ah grand-e-flo'rah. 
Mucilaginous and astringent shrub of Mexico, used in 
diarrhoea and dysentery and bronchial affections. 
Annexa, an-neks'ah {annecto, to annex). Append- 
ages. 
Anni (an'ne) climacter'ici. See Climacteric. A. 
crit'icl, or decreto'rii, or fata'les, or genethli'aci, or 
grada'rii, or hebdomad'ici, or hero'ici, or natalit'ii, 
or scala'res, or scan'siles, climacteric years. 
Annidalin, an-nid'al-in. Aristol. 
Annihilation, an-ni-hil-a'shun {ad, nihil, nothing). 
Extinction of strength; excessive fatigue, debility, or 
syncope. 
Annotatio, an-no-tah'she-o. Preludes to attack of 
intermittent fever, as yawning, stretching, somno- 
lency, chilliness, etc. 
Annotto, an-not'to. See Terra orleana. 
An'nual diseases. Diseases recurring every year 
about the same period. Febris annua is a fancied in- 
termittent of this type. 
Annuens, an'nu-ens (nodding). Rectus capitis in- 
ternus minor muscle. 
Annuitio, an-nu-ish'e-o {an, nutus, nod). Nodding; 
gesture denoting assent in most countries. State of 
somnolency in which power of volition over the ex- 
tensor muscles of the head is lost, and the head drops 
forward. 
Annular, an'nu-lar {annulus, ring). Relating to a 
ring or having shape or functions of a ring. A. bone, 
scroll-shaped bone, affording attachment to membrana 
tympani, part of temporal bone in adult. A. car'tilage, 
cricoid cartilage. A. constric'tion, nodes of Ranvier, 
being constriction in course of medullated nerve- 
fibres. A. fing'er, ring finger; fourth finger, so called 
from wedding-ring being worn thereon; see Digitus. 
Of old it was believed that there is a vein of direct 
communication between the ring finger and the heart. 
A. gan'glion, see Ciliary ganglion. A. lig'ament, trans- 
verse ligament, crucial ligament; strong ligamentous 
band, arching across area of ring of atlas from rough 
tubercle upon inner surface of one articular process to 
similar tubercle on the other. It retains odontoid 
process of axis in connection with anterior arch of 
atlas. A. lig'ament of ra'dius, strong fibro-cartilag- 
inous band, forming, with lesser sigmoid cavity of 
cubitus, a kind of ring, in which head of radius turns 
with facility. A. lig'ament of sta'pes, ligament 
uniting stapes to edge of fenestra ovalis. A. lig'- 
aments of the car'pus are two in number. One, 
anterior, is a broad, fibrous quadrilateral band, ex- 
tending transversely before the carpus, and forming 
gutter, made by the wrist into a canal; it keeps tendons 
of flexor muscles, median nerve, etc. applied against 
the carpus. The posterior ligament is situate trans- 
versely behind the joint of the hand, and covers the 
sheaths of tendons passing to the back of the hand. 
Its fibres are white and shining, and are attached 
externally to inferior and outer part of radius, in- 
ternally to ulna and os pisiforme. A. lig'aments of 
the tar'sus are two in number. Anterior is quadrilat- 
eral, and extends transversely above the instep, and 
embraces the tendons of the extensor muscles of the 
toes, the tibialis anticus and peroneus anticus. The 
68 
I ANODIC 
internal is broader than the last, descends from the 
malleolus internus to the posterior and inner part of 
the os calcis, with which it forms a kind of canal, 
enclosing sheaths of tendons of the tibialis posticus, 
flexor longus digitorum pedis, and f. longus pol- 
licis pedis, as well as plantar vessels and nerves. 
A. mus'cle of Miil'ler, name given to bundles of 
circular fibres on anterior side and anterior and in- 
ternal angles of ciliary muscle. A. myeli'tis, inflam- 
mation of whole circumference of spinal cord. A. 
pro'cess or protuberance, pons Varolii. A. vein is 
situate between the annular finger and the little 
finger. Older physicians recommended it to be 
opened in diseases of the spleen. 
Annularis, an-nu-lar'is. Annular; ring finger; 
cricoid. A. a'ni, sphincter ani. 
Annuli cartilaginei, an'nu-le kar-til-aj-in'a-e. Rings 
of trachea and bronchial tubes. A. cartilagino'si 
trache'se, rings of trachea. A. fibro-cartilagin'ei, 
fibro-cartilaginous or festooned rings; tough tendinous 
tracts in the heart, two of which, anterior, are situate 
on right and left of aortal opening; and one posterior, 
which runs backward from aorta to border of auriculo- 
ventricular septum, where it splits into two slender 
crura. A. of Bbttcher, edge of lamina reticularis 
around head-plates of rods of Corti in internal ear 
Annulus, an'nu-lus. Ring. See Dactylius, Vulva. 
A. abdomina'lis exte'rior, inguinal ring. A. ab- 
domina'lis inte'rior, see Inguinal canal. A. abdom'- 
inis, inguinal ring. A. al'bidus, ciliary muscle. A. 
arthrit'icus, infiltration of conjunctival border in 
elderly persons A. cartilagin'eus, fibrous ring 
connecting membrana tympani with tympanic 
plate. A. cellulo'sus, ciliary ligament. A. cilia'ris, 
ciliary ligament. A. conjuncti'vse, slight circular 
swelling formed by sclerotic conjunctiva at edge 
of cornea, especially in old people; extending a little 
over the cornea, particularly at its upper margin. A. 
crura'lis, crural ring. A. crura'lis exter'nus, saph- 
enous opening. A. er'rans, A. migrans. A. fibro'- 
sus, fibrous portion of intervertebral cartilage; ring 
around auriculo-ventricular valves; ring of fibrous 
membrane connecting membrana tympani with tym- 
panic plate. A. fos'sse ova'lis, see Ovalis fossa. A. 
ganglifor'mis, ciliary ligament. A. inguina'lis pro- 
fun'dus, internal abdominal ring. A. inguina'lis 
superficia'lis, external abdominal ring. A. inter- 
auricula'ris, ring between the auricles. A. 1'ridis, 
ring of iris. A. ligamento'sus, ligaments of pubes. 
A. membra'nse tym'pani, tympanic plate. A. mi'- 
grans, eruptive disease of tongue, like trichophytosis. 
A. os'seus, tympanic plate. A. ova'lis, margin of fossa 
ovalis, in right auricle. A. proces'sus, pons Varolii. 
A. re'pens, herpes circinatus, trichophytosis. A. 
seni'lis, arcus senilis. A. tendino'sus, A. cartilagin- 
ous. A. tympan'icus, tympanic plate. A. umbilica'- 
lis, umbilical ring. A. valvulo'sus, ring made by 
union of bases of tricuspid valves of heart. A. ven- 
tric'uli, pylorus. A. Vieusse'nii, A. ovalis. 
A'no {ano). A prefix denoting above, up; also anus; 
see Ano-spinal, Ano-vesical, etc. 
Anocavernosus, an-o-kav-er-no'sus. Accelerator 
u rinse. 
Anocheilon, a-no-keil'on {ano, cheilos, lip). Upper 
lip. One who has large upper lip. 
Anocheiloschisis, an-o-kiel-os'kis-is {ano, cheilos, up- 
per lip, schisis, cleaving). Fissure of upper lip, as in 
hare-lip or operation for its relief. 
Anochllus, an-o-ke'los. Anocheilon. 
Ano-coccygeal, an-o-kok-se-je'al. Relating to anus 
and coccyx, as ano-coccygeal nerve, from coccygeal 
plexus. A.-c. raphe, fibrous septum from anus to 
coccyx, etc. 
Anocoelia, an-o-se'le-ah {ano, koilia, belly). Stomach. 
Anocceliadel'phus. Cceliadelphus. 
Anodal, an'o-dal. Relating to anode. 
Anode, an'ode {ano, hodos,'wa1y). Positive electrode, 
point at which electrical current leaves the battery. 
Anodia, an-o'de-ah {an, ode, song). Unconnected, 
dissonant mode of speech. 
Anodic, an-od'ik. Relating to anode. Tending up- ANODINIA 
ward. Epithet applied to ascending course of ner- 
vous action. 
Anodinia, an-o-din'e-ah {an, odin, labor-pain). Ab- 
sence of labor-pains. 
Anodmia, an-od'me-ah {an, odme, smell). Anosmia. 
Anodontia, an-o-don'she-ah {an, odous, tooth). Ab- 
sence of teeth. 
Anodus, an'o-dus (same etymon). Without teeth. 
Anodyne, an'o-dine {an, odune, pain). Medicine 
which relieves pain, as opium, belladonna, etc.; act- 
ing by blunting the sensibility of the encephalon. 
The following anodynes are used; they are either 
local or general (Brunton): 
Local Anodynes. General Anodynes. 
Cold- Anaesthetics in small doses. 
Cold water. Atropine. 
Ice-bags. Belladonna. 
Warmth- Butyl-chloral. 
Poultices. Chloral. 
Fomentations. Conium. 
Aconite. Coniine. 
Acupuncture. Gelsemium. 
Atropine. Hyoscyamus. 
Belladonna. Hyoscyamine. 
Blood-letting- Lupulus. 
Leeches. Lupulin. 
Cupping. Morphine. 
Carbolic acid. Opium. 
Carbonic acid. Stramonium. 
Cocaine. 
Conium. 
Creasote. 
Gelsemium. 
Hydrocyanic acid. 
Morphine. 
Opium. 
Veratrine. 
A., Hoffman's, spiritus aetheris compositus. 
Anodynia, an-o-din'e-ah (same etymon). Cessation 
or absence of pain. 
Anodynum, an-od'in-um. Anodyne. A. hypnot'- 
icum, hypnotic. 
Anoea, an-e'ah {a, noos, mind). Delirium, imbecil- 
ity. See Dementia and Idiotism. 
Anoesia (an-o-a'se-ah) or Anoe'tia. Dementia. A. 
adstric'ta, melancholy. 
Anoia, ah-noi'ah. Anoea. 
AnomaTia. Anomaly. A. nervo'rum, nervous 
diathesis. 
Anomalocephalous, an-om-a-lo-sef'a-lus. Having 
irregularly shaped head. 
Anomalologia, an-om-al-o-loj'e-ah (anomalos, irreg- 
ular, logos, description). Description of anomalies. 
Anomalot'rophies {anomalos, irregular, trop/ie, nour- 
ishment). Class of diseases consisting in modifica- 
tions of nutrition of organs. 
Anomalous, an-om'a-lus (same etymon as Anomaly). 
Irregular; contrary to rule. Affections are called 
anomalous which cannot be referred to any known 
species. See Irregular. A. glands, glands not having 
any outlet. A. mus'cle, slender muscle lying upon 
the superior maxillary bone beneath the levator labii 
superioris alseque nasi. 
Anomaly, an-om'al-e {a, priv., nomos, rule). Abnor- 
mality, abnormity, anomaly, irregularity. Excep- 
tion to usual rule; deviation from specific type. 
Something unusual in symptoms or in morbid ap- 
pearances proper to disease. 
Anommatus, an-om'mat-us {an, omma, eye). An- 
ophthalmus. 
Anomocephalus, ah-no-mo-sef'al-us (a, nomos, rule, 
kephale, head). One whose head is deformed. 
Anomous, an-o'mus (an, omos, shoulder). Devoid 
of shoulders. 
Anomphalous, an-om'fal-us {an, omphalos, navel). 
One devoid of navel. Writers have endeavored to 
show that Adam and Eve must have been anompha- 
lous, as they could not have had umbilical vessels. 
Anona (an'o-nah) cherimoTia. Cherimoya; grows 
in Peru and Mexico; seeds used as emetic and cathar- 
69 
' ANOX/EMIA 
tic. A. murica'ta, tree growing in tropical countries, 
whose unripe fruit is used as astringent in diarrhoea, 
dysentery, etc. A. reticula'ta, custard-apple; indig- 
enous in West Indies; astringent. A. squamo'sa, 
sweet-sop tree; grows in Malay Islands and tropical 
America; astringent. A. tril'oba, see Carica popaya. 
A. tripet'ala, tree of family Anonacese, of South 
America, bearing delicious fruit called cherimoya. 
Anonis, an-o'nis. Ononis. 
Anonychia, an-o-nik'e-a {an, onux, nail). Absence 
of nails, a rare congenital defect. 
Anonymous, an-on'im-us {an, onoma, name). Having 
no name. Applied to many parts, as anonymous bone, 
os innominatum, foramen innominatum, etc. 
Anobpsia, an-o-op'se-ah {ano, upward, ops, eye). 
Strabismus in upward direction. 
Anophthalmia, an-of-thal'me-ah. See Anophthalmos. 
A. cyclop'ica, condition of a cyclocephalus in which 
there is very imperfect development of the socket of 
the eye and a rudimentary or entirely absent orbit. 
Anophthalmus, an-of-thal'mus (an, opAiMmos, eye). 
One devoid of eyes. Condition is Anophthalmia. 
Anopia (an-o'pe-ah) {an, opsis, vision). Monstrosity 
in which eye and orbit are wanting. Blindness. 
Anopsia, an-op'se-ah {an, ops, eye). Loss of sight; 
temporary disuse of eye from abnormal condition of 
physical apparatus, media, etc. Anopia. 
Anopsy, an-op'se. Anopsia. 
Anorchi (an-or'ke) or Anorchides, an-or'kid-es (pl. 
of Anorchis) {an, orchis, testicle). Those who are 
without testicles. Condition is called Anorchism, 
Anorchidiosis, Anorchismus, Anorchia. Person so af- 
fected is Anor' chons. 
Anorchism, an-or'kizm. See Anorchi. A., uni- 
lateral, absence of one testicle; monorchia. 
Anorchous or Anorchus, an-ork'us {an, orchis, tes- 
ticle). Devoid of testes, or one in whom cryptor- 
chidism exists. 
Anorectus, an-o-rek'tus {an, orexis, appetite). Not 
having an appetite. 
Anorexia, an-o-reks'e-ah {an, orexis, appetite). An- 
orexy; defect or absence of appetite, symptomatic of 
most diseases; indigestion, dyspepsia. A. exhausto'- 
rum, frigidity of stomach. A. mirab'ilis, fasting. 
An'orexy. Anorexia. 
Anorganic, an-or-gan'ik. Devoid of organs or or- 
ganization ; see Anhistous and Inorganic. 
Anormal, a-nor'mal. Abnormous. 
Anorophous, an-o'rof-us {an, orophe, roof). Devoid 
of brain. 
Anorrhorrhoea, an-or-rhor-rhe'ah {a, on-os, serum, 
rhoia, flow). Defective secretion of serum. 
Anorthic, an-or'thik {an, orthos, straight). Not 
straight; crooked. 
Anorthopia, an-or-tho'pe-ah {an, orthos, upright, 
opsis, vision). Vision in which persons are unable to 
judge when objects are not parallel or symmetrical. 
Anorthosis, an-or-tho'sis {an, orthos, upright). Ab- 
sence of erectile power or erectility. 
Anosia, ah-nos'e-ah {a, and nosos, disease) Freedom 
from disease. 
Anosmia, an-oz'me-ah {an, osme, odor). Loss of 
smell; perversion of smell. 
Anosmosia, an-oz-mo'ze-ah. Anosmia. 
Anosphrasia (an-os-frah'zhe-ah) or Anosphre'sia 
{an, osphrasia, smell). Anosmia. 
A'no-spi'nal. Relating to anus and spine. A.-s. 
cen'tre, nervous centre regulating process of defe- 
cation, situated in lumbar region. 
Anostomous, an-os'to-mus {ano, upward, stoma, 
mouth). Having the mouth above the nose. 
Anosto'sis {an, osteon, bone). Deficiency in bony 
matter or in bone structure; defective development 
of bone. A. interstitia'lis, atrophy of bone of old 
persons. 
Anotus, an-o'tus {an, ous, ear). Monster having no 
ears. 
A'no-ves'ical. Belonging to the anus and bladder. 
Anoxaemia (an-oks-e'me-ah) or Anoxyhaemia, an- 
oks-e-he'me-ah {an, oxus, acid). Deficiency of oxygen 
in the blood. ANSA 
Ansa. Anse. Handle of certain vessels; by anal- 
ogy applied to that which is curved in form of handle. 
A. atlan'tis, loop formed by branches of first and 
second cervical nerves. A. cap'itis, zygomatic process. 
A. centrifugaTis and A. centripetaTis, terms given 
to fibres of root of spinal nerve according to direction 
they take to or from centre. A. cervica'lis, loop 
formed by branches of cervical nerves. A. coccyge'a, 
A. sacralis. A. hsemosta'tica, loop used for acu- 
pressure. A. Halleri, communicating nerve between 
facial and glosso-pharyngeal. A. Henlii, portion of 
uriniferous tubule. A. hypoglos'si, communication 
between hypoglossal nerve and second and third cer- 
vical nerves. A. intergenicula'ris, band of fibres 
connecting geniculate bodies. A. intestina'lis, loop 
or portion of intestine supported by mesentery and 
describing curved line. Ansa. A. lenticula'ris or 
lentifor'mis, loop of fibres passing outward be- 
neath the thalamus and entering the lenticular 
nucleus. A. lumba'lis, loop formed by branches 
of lumbar nerves. A. peduncula'ris, substantia in- 
nominata. A. Reil'ei, lemniscus. A. sacra'lis, loop 
between sacral nerves. A. subclaviaTis, see Ansas 
Vieussenii. A. Wrisber'gii, loop of communication 
between right sympathetic and pneumogastric ; loop 
between phrenic and descendens noni branch of hypo- 
glossal. 
Ansae Vieussenii, an'se ve-u-sen'e-e. Nervous 
branches passing from lower cervical ganglion of 
great sympathetic to first dorsal ganglion in front 
of subclavian artery, forming loops around the 
vessel called after Vieussens, and supplying it with 
offsets. 
Ansatus, an-sat'us. Looped like nervous fibres; 
pediculated. 
Anse. Ansa. 
Anserina, an-sur-e'nah (anser, goose). Potentilla 
anserina; chenopodium. 
Anserine (an'ser-ene) disease. Condition in which 
there exists emaciation of the extremities, with 
marked projection of the tendons. 
Ant acid. Formic acid. 
Antacids (ant-as'ids) or Antiac'ids. Remedies which 
diminish or counteract acidity in the stomach, intes- 
tines, or urine; they are chemical agents, and act by 
neutralizing the acid. Those acting directly on the 
stomach, diminishing acidity in that organ, are liquor 
potasste, potassium carbonate and bicarbonate, liquor 
sodse, sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, lithium car- 
bonate and bicarbonate, magnesia, magnesium car- 
bonate and bicarbonate, lime-water, saccharated solu- 
tion of lime, chalk, ammonium carbonate, and aro- 
matic spirit of ammonia. Those acting remotely on 
the urine, diminishing its acidity, are potassium 
acetate, citrate, tartrate, and bitartrate, sodium 
acetate and citrate, tartarated soda, and lithium 
citrate. 
Antacrid, ant'ak-rid. Opposed to acridity. 
Antagonism, an-tag'o-nizm (anti, agonizomai, to 
strive). Action in opposite direction, as of muscles 
acting in contrary directions. There is antagonism 
between action of different remedial agents. For ex- 
ample : opium contracts the pupil, belladonna dilates 
it; one drug will frequently be an antidote to the 
poisonous effects of its antagonist. The alkaloids of 
tea, coffee, and allied substances, as theine, caffeine, 
cocaine, and guaranine, are antagonistic to morphine; 
chloral and stryehine are mutually antagonistic. The 
idea of such antagonism was known in the Middle 
Ages, but has been elaborated by recent experimen- 
tation. In addition to facts already stated, the an- 
tagonistic action of drugs upon the heart has been 
carefully studied. Atropine is found to antagonize 
those drugs which inhibit the heart and slow its 
action, as pilocarpine, muscarine, physostigma, etc. 
This antagonism is well shown by observation of 
other drugs, for when the action of the heart is 
checked by digitalis, aconite and muscarine will 
restore its pulsations. The antagonism of drugs 
does not seem to rest on any explanation of chemical 
reaction, but rather on opposing physiological ac- 
70 
ANTASTHENIC 
tions or opposites. The following list exhibits the 
most striking illustrations of antagonism (Brunton): 
Drug. 
Antagonist. 
Atropine, 
Aconitine - 
Digitalin, 
Strychnine. 
Alcohol 
Strychnine. 
Ammonium chloride . . 
Chloral. 
Aconitine. 
Bromal hydrate, 
Chloral hydrate, 
Hydrocyanic acid, 
Jaborandi, 
Atropine 
Muscarine, 
Morphine, 
Physostigmine, 
Phytolacca, 
Pilocarpine, 
Quinine. 
Barium 
Sodium sulphate, 
Potassium salts. 
Bromal hydrate .... 
Brucine 
Calabarine 
Atropine. 
Chloral. 
Carbolic acid 
Ammonium chloride, 
Atropine, 
Brucine, 
Calabarine, 
Chloral 
Carbolic acid, 
Codeine, 
Physostigma, 
Pic'rotoxine, 
Strychnine, 
Thebaine. 
Chloroform 
Amyl nitrite. 
Cocaine 
Morphine. 
Codeine 
Chloral. 
Aconitine, 
Digitalin - 
Muscarine, 
Saponin. 
Gelsemium ■ 
Opium, 
Atropine. 
Atropine, 
Caffeine, 
Chloroform, 
Morphine • 
Cocaine, 
Daturine, 
Hyoscyamine, 
Nicotine, 
Physostigma. 
Muscarine 
Opium -< 
Atropine. 
Atropine, 
Gelsemium, 
Veratrum viride. 
Atropine, 
Chloral, 
Morphine. 
Digitalin. 
Physostigma - 
Saponin 
Alcohol, 
Chloral, 
Strychnine ■ 
Hydrocyanic acid, 
Nicotine, 
Nitrite of amyl. 
Thebaine 
Chloral. 
Antagonist, an-tag'o-nist. Muscle whose action 
produces effect contrary to that of another muscle, as 
flexors and extensor's; every muscle has its antagon- 
ist. Some drugs are antagonists to others. 
Antalgic, ant-al'jik (anti, algos, pain). Anodyne. 
Antalkaline, ant-al'kal-ine. Neutralizing alkalies, 
as acids. 
Antanacathartic, ant-an-ah-kath-art'ik (anti, an- 
acatharsis, expectoration). Agents that check expec- 
toration. 
Antanaclastic, ant-an-ah-klas'tik (antanaklasis, re- 
flection). Reflecting light. 
Antaphrodisiac (ant-af-ro-diz'e-ak), Antaphro- 
dit'ic, or Anaphrodis'iac (anti, aphrodisiakos, aphro- 
disiac). Substance blunting the venereal appetite. 
Antapodosis, ant-ah-pod'o-sis (antapodidomi, to re- 
turn in exchange). Succession and return of febrile 
periods. 
Antapoplectic, ant-ap-o-plek'tik. Relieving apo- 
plexy. 
Antarthritic, ant-ar-thrit'ik. Relieving arthritis 
or gout. 
Antasthenic, ant-as-then'ik (anti, asthenia, debility). 
Tonic. ANTASTHMATIC 
Antasthmatic, ant-asth-mat'ik. Relieving asthma. 
Antatrophic, ant-ah-trof'ik (anti, atrophia, atrophy). 
Remedy opposed to atrophy or consumption. 
Ante, an'te (L.). Before; as a prefix, before, fore. 
Ante par'tum. Before delivery, as ante-partum 
hemorrhage. 
Antebrachial, an-te-brak'e-al (ante, before, brachium, 
arm). Relating to the forearm. 
Antebrachium, an-te-brak'e-um. Forearm. 
Antecedents, au-te-se'dents (ante, cedo, to go). Pre- 
cursory or warning symptoms or history of disease. 
Antecurv'ature. Curving forward, as in ante- 
flexion. 
Anteflexion (an-te-fleks'shun) or Anteflexure, an- 
te-fleks'ure (ante, flecto, to bend). Bending forward, 
as of the uterus. A. of the uterus, bending of that 
organ so that the fundus, the cervix, or both, are bent 
more or less sharply forward. The cervix may be 
normal in position and the body of the uterus flexed, 
or the body normal and the cervix flexed, or both 
cervix and body flexed forward. See Anteversion. 
Antehe'lix. Anthelix. 
Antelabia, an-te-lab'e-ah (ante, before, labia, lips). 
Extremity of the lips. See Procheilon and Prolabia. 
Antelmintic, an-tel-min'tik. Anthelmintic. 
Antelope, au'te-lope. Autilopus. 
Antemballomenum, ant-em-bal-lom'en-um (antem- 
ballo, to substitute). Remedy that is used to substi- 
tute another. 
Antembasis, an-tem'bas-is (anti, embaino, to enter). 
Mutual reception of bones. 
Antemetic, ant-e-met'ik. Antiemetic. 
Antendeixis (ant-en-dyks'is) or Antendixis, ant-en- 
diks'is (anti, endeixis, indication). Counterindication. 
Anteneasmus, ant-en-e-as'mus (anti, teino, to extend 
or stretch). One furious against himself. Suicidal 
mania. 
Antennaria dioica, an-ten-nah're-ah de-oi'kah. 
Genus of Diaicia, Everlasting, Catsfoot, ord. Composite; 
common European plant used in hemorrhage, cough, 
diarrhoea, etc. A. margarita'cea, Gnaphalium, mar- 
garitaceum. A. plantaginifo'lia, Plantain, Life ever- 
lasting, Cudweed, has similar properties to A. dioica. 
Antephialtic, ant-ef-i-al'tik (anti, ephialtes, night- 
mare). Remedy for nightmare. 
Antepileptic, ant-ep-e-lep'tik. Antiepileptic. 
Anteponens, an-te-po'nens (ante, pono, to place). 
Anticipating. 
Anteprostatic, an-te-pros-tat'ik. In front of the 
prostate, as anteprostatic gland, an accessory gland 
occupying position stated. 
Antereisis, ant-er-eis'is (anti, ereido, to support). 
Resistance or solidity of bones. 
Anterethic, an-ter-eth'ik (anti, against, eretho, to 
irritate). Soothing or calming. 
Anterior, an-te're-or (ante, before). Situate before. 
Generally, anterior is applied to parts situate before 
the median line, body being in erect posture, with face 
and palms of hands turned forward, and feet applied 
longitudinally together. (The term anterior is ap- 
plied to numerous arteries, veins, muscles, nerves, 
regions, etc., all of which will be found under the 
appropriate alphabetical head.) A. aur'is (muscle) or 
auric'ulae, small muscle passing from posterior part 
of zygoma to helix, which draws the ear forward and 
upward. A. chamber of eye, see Eye. A. elas'tic 
lam'ina, Bowman's layer of the cornea. A. fon'ta- 
nelle, space in skull of foetus between frontal and 
parietal bones. A. mal'lei, laxator tympani. A. 
na'si, pyramidalis nasi. A. poliomyeli'tis, inflam- 
mation of anterior cornua of spinal cord. 
AnTero-lat'eral col'umns. See Spinal cord. 
An'tero-pari'etal a'rea. See Area. 
Anterotic, an-te-rot'ik (anti, eras, love). Antaph- 
rodisiac. 
Antesternum, an-te-stur'num. First segment of the 
sternum, the manubrium. 
Anteuphorbium, an-tu-forb'e-um. Cacalia anteu- 
phorbium. 
Ante-uterine, an'te-u'ter-in. In front of uterus. 
Anteversion, an-te-ver'shun (ante, verto, to turn). 
71 
ANTHERA 
Displacement or turning forward. In anteversion of 
the uterus the fundus is turned toward the symphysis 
pubis, while the orifice is toward the sacrum. 
Anthaemoptyicus, ant-he-mop-te'ik-us (anti, hsemop- 
tysis). Against spitting of blood ; remedy for spitting 
of blood. 
Anthsemorrhagic, ant-hem-or-rhaj'ik. Antihemor- 
rhagic. 
Anthectic, ant-hek'tik. Antihectic. 
Anthelitragus (ant-hel-it'rag-us) or Anthelitragi- 
cus, ant-hel-it-raj'ik-us. Antitragicus muscle, one of 
the proper muscles of pavilion of ear. 
Anthelix, ant'he-liks. Eminence on cartilage of ear, 
in front of helix, and extending from concha to groove 
of helix, where it bifurcates. Antitragicus muscle. 
Anthelmia, an - thel' me - ah (anti, helmins, worm). 
Spigelia Marylandica, so called from its action on 
worms. 
Anthelmintic, an-thel-min'tik (anti, helmins, yvorm.). 
Vermifuge ; remedy which destroys or expels worms, 
or prevents their formation and development. An- 
thelmintics are mechanical and true. To the former 
belong emetics, cathartics, mucuna, etc.; to the latter, 
oleum terebinthime, Chenopodium anthelminticum, 
spigelia, filix mas, etc. The great object is to prevent 
generation of the worms by nutritious diet, fresh air, 
tonics, etc. An anthelmintic that destroys worms is 
properly a vermicide; one that expels them, dead or 
alive, a vermifuge. 
The principal vermicides are: 
1. For thread-worms: 
local injections of alum, tannic acid, 
iron, catechu, 
quassia, kino, 
lime-water, rhatany, 
eucalyptol, haematoxylon. 
sodium chloride, 
2. For round-worms: 
santonin, santonica. 
3. For tape-worms: 
areca-nut, pomegranate, 
filix mas, pelletierine, 
kamala, turpentine, 
kousso, chloroform. 
The chief vermifuges are castor-oil, scammony, rhu- 
barb, with ammonium chloride, bitter tonics, etc. as 
adjuncts in the treatment. See IForms and Parasites. 
Anthema, an-the'mah. Exanthem. A. arbo'rea, 
species of malvaceous plants, flowers and leaves of 
which are demulcent. 
Anthemidis flores, an-them'i-dis flo'res. Flowers 
of Anthemis nobilis. 
Anthemis, an'them-is (antheo, to flower). Anthemis 
nobilis. A. Arven'sis, sometimes used to adulterate 
more important varieties of Anthemia. A. cot'ula, 
Mayflower, Mayweed, Stinking chamomile, Wild chamo- 
mile, Dog's fennel, Dilly, Dilweed, Field-weed, Pissweed, 
ord. Composite. This plant, cotula, of very disagree- 
able smell and taste, has been used in hysterical 
affections. A. foet'ida, A. cotula. A. no'bilis, Cham- 
omile. Leaves and flowers have strong smell, and 
bitter, nauseous taste. Flowers are chiefly used; they 
possess tonic and stomachic properties, and are a pleas- 
ant and cheap bitter. A simple infusion is taken to 
produce, or assist, vomiting. Externally, they are used 
in fomentations. Oil of chamomile, Oleum anthemidis, 
possesses the aromatic but not the bitter and tonic 
properties of the plant. A. noveboracen'sis, A. cotula. 
A. odora'ta, A. cotula. A. pyr'ethrum, Spanish cham- 
omile, Pellitory of Spain. The root, pyrethrum, hot and 
acrid, is used as masticatory in toothache, rheumatism 
of face, paralysis of tongue, etc., and as a sialagogue. 
Pellitory of the shops in Germany is derived from 
Anacycius officinarum, cultivated in Thuringia for 
medicinal purposes. Flowers of Pyrethrum carneum 
and P. roseum, growing on the Caucasian mountains, 
form Caucasian or Persian insect powder, fatal to in- 
sects. A. tincto'ria, Dyer's chamomile, European plant, 
of bitter and astringent taste; stomachic. A. vulga'ris, 
Matricaria chamomilla; A. nobilis. 
Anthera, an-tha'rah (antheros, florid). Remedy ANTHEREON 
compounded of several substances-myrrh, sandarac, 
alum, saffron, etc.-used as liniment, collyrium, etc. 
Anthereon, an-tha'ra-on. Chin. 
Anthlarin, an-the'a-rin. Antiarin. 
Anthiaris toxicaria, an-the'a-ris tok-se-kar'e-ah. 
Upas tree. 
Anthidrotic, ant-hid-rot'ik (anti, hidrosis, sweat). 
Diminishing or checking secretion of sweat; see 
Antihydrotic. 
Anthocoma, an-tho-ko'mah. Anthrax. 
Antholce, an-thol'se (anthelko, to pull in opposite 
direction). Act of drawing a body or organ to one 
side or out of place, as after paralysis. 
Anthomyia canicularis, an-tho-me'yah kan-ik-u- 
lar'is. See Parasites. 
An'thony's fire. Erysipelas. 
Anthora, an'tho-rah. Aconitum anthora. A. vul- 
ga'ris, Aconitum anthora. 
Anthorisma, an-tho-riz'mah (anti, horisma, bound- 
ary). Tumor without defined margin. 
Anthos, an'thos (flower). See Rosmarinus. A. syl- 
ves'tris, Ledum sylvestre. 
Anthoxanthin, an-thoks-an'thin. Yellow coloring- 
matter found in yellow flowers and several fruits. 
Anthoxanthum odoratum, an-thoks-an'thum o-dor- 
at'um. Sweet vernal grass, used in hay fever. 
Anthracene, an'thrah-seen. Result of distillation 
of coal-tar; used in pruritus. 
Anthracia, an-thrah'she-ah (anthrax, coal). Car- 
buncular exanthem. Eruption of tumors imperfectly 
suppurating, with indurated edges and sordid and 
sanious core. Dark menstrual blood. Anthracosis. 
A. pes'tis, plague. A. ru'bula, frambcesia. 
Anthraciform, an-thrah'se-form. Anthracoid. 
Anthracina, an-thrah-se'nah. Melanotic cancer. 
Anthracine, anth'rah-seen. Poisonous alkaloid ob- 
tained by culture of anthrax bacillus in alkaline al- 
buminate from blood-serum. 
Anthraccemia, an-thrah-ce'me-ah. Wool-sorter's dis- 
ease, due to existence in blood of Bacillus anthracis. 
Anthracoid, an'thrah-koid (anthrax, coal, eidos, re- 
semblance). Black as coal. Accompanied by, or re- 
sembling, anthrax. 
Anthracokali, an-thrah-kok'al-e. Anthrakokali. 
Anthracoloemus, an-thrah-ko-le'mus (anthrax, loi- 
mos, plague). Contagious form of anthrax. 
Anthracoma, an-thrah-ko'mah. Anthrax, car- 
buncle. 
Anthracometer, an-thra-kom'e-tur (anthrax, carbon, 
matron, measure). Instrument for measuring the 
amount of carbonic acid in the atmosphere and in 
the breath. The process is Anthr acorn! etry. 
Anthraconecrosis, an-thrah-ko-ne-kro'sis (nekros, 
corpse). Transformation into carbonaceous mass, as 
in gangrene of old people. See Sphacelus. 
Anthracophlyctis, an-thrah-ko-flik'tis (phluctis, 
phlyctsena). Malignant pustule; anthrax. 
Anthracosia, an-thrah-ko'ze-ah. Anthrax. 
Anthracosis, an-thrah-ko'sis. Species of carbuncle 
attacking eyelids and globe of eye. Carbuncle of any 
kind. Also, black lung of coal-miners, induced by 
carbonaceous accumulation in the lungs; pseudomela- 
notic formation. When ulceration results from it, 
black phthisis, coal-miner's phthisis, exists. See Mel- 
anosis. A. pulmo'num, see Melanosis. 
Anthracotyphus, an-thrah-ko-ty'fus (anthrax, ty- 
phus'). Plague. Typhus complicated with carbuncles. 
Anthrakokali, an-thrah-kok'al-e (anthrax, coal, 
kali, potassa). Remedy for cutaneous diseases, formed 
by dissolving potassium carbonate in boiling water 
and adding slaked lime; filtered liquor is then 
evaporated, and levigated coal added, and mixture 
stirred until a black homogeneous powder results. 
Anthrakosis, an-thrah-ko'sis. Anthracosis. 
Anthrarobin, an-thrah-ro'bin. Desoxyalizarin. 
Phenol derivative; product of reduction of alizarin 
and purpurin, receiving name from similarity of com- 
position to chrysarobin; yellowish-white powder, in- 
soluble in water. Anthrarobin has been used in pso- 
riasis, pityriasis, herpes and other skin diseases. 
Anthrax, an'thraks (coal). Carbuncle. Inflamma- 
72 
! ANTHRAX 
tion, essentially gangrenous, of cellular membrane 
and skin, attended with sloughing, in animals, es- 
pecially sheep and cattle, and occasionally in man, 
usually from absorption of the virus. It sometimes pre- 
vails epidemically, when it has received the names 
Contagious or Malignant anthrax, Cacanthrax, Anthra- 
cion, Vesicula gangruenescens, Anthracophlyctis, Pustula 
maligna, Malignant vesicle, and is characterized at the 
outset by vesication or bleb filled with sero-sanguino- 
lent fluid, under which small induration is formed, sur- 
rounded by areolar inflammation, which becomes gan- 
grenous. It is caused by the presence in the blood of a 
distinct specific bacillus, Bacillus anthracis, similar in 
appearance to Bacillus subtilis found in hay infusions 
and that found in butyric fermentation. The spores 
of anthrax bacilli resist in an extraordinary way the 
action of certain substances which usually are fatal 
to life, as hydrochloric acid (2 per cent.), salicylic acid 
(1 per cent.), concentrated solutions of chloride of 
sodium, chloride of calcium, metallic solutions, borax, 
boric acid, chloride of potassium, benzoic acid, benzo- 
ate of sodium, cinnamic acid, and quinine (Brunton). 
In experiments on the development and growth of 
bacilli a difference was found between anthrax bacilli 
and other microzymes. A dilution of carbolic acid, 1 
in 1250 and 1 in 850, sufficed to prevent the growth 
of anthrax bacilli, while a strength of 1 in 500 was 
required to prevent the growth of others. Other spe- 
cies are therefore more resistant than anthrax bacilli 
to the action of carbolic acid. See Bacillus anthracis. 
The following table shows the strength of various 
disinfectants required to hinder or entirely prevent 
the development of anthrax bacilli (Brunton): 
Solution. Hinders. Prevents. 
Iodine 1 to 5,000 
Bromine 1 to 1,500 
Chlorine 1 to 1,500 
Osmic acid 1 to 1,500 
Permanganate of potassium . 1 to 3,000 
Corrosive sublimate 1 to 1,000,000 1 to 300,000 
Allyl alcohol 1 to 167,000 
Oil of mustard 1 to 330,000 1 to 33,000 
Thymol 1 to 80,000 
Peppermint-oil . 1 to 33,000 
Oil of turpentine 1 to 75,000 
Oil of cloves 1 to 5,000 
Arsenite of potassium . . . 1 to 100,000 1 to 10,000 
Chromic acid 1 to 10,000 1 to 5,000 
Picric acid 1 to 10,000 
Hydrocyanic acid 1 to 40,000 1 to 8,000 
The following are of about the same strength as car- 
bolic acid for the same purposes: 
Fluid. Hinders. Prevents. 
Boric acid Ito 1,250 1 to 800 
Borax 1 to 2.000 1 to 700 
Hydrochloric acid 1 to 2,500 1 to 1,700 
Salicylic acid 1 to 3.300 1 to 1,500 
Benzoic acid 1 to 2,000 
Camphor 1 to 2,500 
Eucalyptol 1 to 2,500 
Soft soap 1 to 500 1 to 5,000 
Quinine 1 to 830 1 to 625 
Hydrate of chloral 1 to 1,000 
Chlorate of potassium . . . 1 to 250 
Acetic acid 1 to 250 
Benzoate of sodium 1 to 200 
Alcohol- 1 to 100 1 to 12.5 
Acetone 1 to 50 no action. 
Chloride of sodium 1 to 64 
In the internal or intestinal form of the disease the 
infection is through the stomach and intestines from 
eating the flesh or drinking the milk of diseased ani- 
mals. See Mycosis intestinalis. Malignant anthrax is 
characterized by hemorrhages, dyspnoea, opisthotonos, 
prostration, etc., and has received different names, 
many of them from places where it has prevailed: 
Carbunculus Gdllicus, Hungaricus, Polonicus, etc. 
Anthrax al'bumoses. Alkaline albumoses from cult- 
ure of anthrax bacillus in alkaline albuminate from 
blood-serum. A., apoplec'tic, splenic apoplexy of 
domestic animals. A. carbun'cuius, carbuncle. A. c. 
benig'nus, affection between carbuncle and boil in its 
characteristics. A., conta'gious, see Anthrax. A., fur- 
unc'ular, circumscribed a. with boils. A. intestina'- 
lis, carbuncular inflammation of intestines caused by ANTHRISCUS 
eating flesh similarly affected. A., malig'nant, see 
Anthrax. A. oede'ma, diffused cedematous or ery- 
sipelatous form. A. pulmo'num, necropneumonia. 
A., symptomatic, see Purpura. 
Anthriscus, an-thris'kus. Cerefolium, Scandix cere- 
folium. A. hu'mllis, Chaerophyllum sylvestre. A. 
proe'erus, Chserophyllum sylvestre. A. sylves'tris, 
wild chervil. A. vulga'ris, narcotic poison; plant 
grows in Europe. 
Anthrope, an-thro'pa. Skin (human). 
Anthropepiphyte, an-thro-pep'if-ite (anthropos, man, 
epipWon, growth). Growth on the skin; exanthem. 
Anthropiatrica medicina, an-thro-pe-at'rik-ah med- 
e-se'nah (anthropo, iatreia, medicine). Medicine ap- 
plied to man in contradistinction to other animals. 
Anthropo, an-thro'po (anthropos, man). In compo- 
sition, man. 
Anthropochemia, an-thro-po-kem'e-ah. Chemistry 
of man. 
Anthropocholic acid, an-thro-po-kol'ik as'id. Acid 
derived from human bile. 
Anthropochymy, an-thro-pok'im-e. Chemistry of 
man. 
Anthropoctomy, an-thro-pok'to-me (anthropo, kteino, 
to kill). Homicide. 
Anthropogenesis (an-thro-po-jen'e-sis) or Anthro- 
pogenia, an-thro-po-jen'e-ah. Anthropogeny. 
Anthropogeny, an-thro-poj'e-ne (anthropo, genesis, 
generation). Geneanthropy. Knowledge, or study, or 
phenomena of human generation ; embryology. 
Anthropography, an-thro-pog'ra-fe (anthropo, graphs, 
description). Anthropology; description of human 
body. 
Anthropohistography, an-thro-po-his-tog'ra-fe (an- 
thropo, histos, texture, grapho, to write). Description 
of various tissues of the body. 
Anthropoid, an'thro-poid (anthropo, eidos, resem- 
blance). Eesembling man, as the ape. 
Anthropolite (an-thro'pol-ite) or Anthro'polith (an- 
thropo, lithos, stone). Petrification of the human body 
or its parts; morbid concretions in the human body. 
Anthropological, an-thro-po-loj'ik-al. Eelating or 
appertaining to anthropology. 
Anthropology, an-thro-pol'o-je (anthropo, logos, dis- 
course). Treatise on man; science of structure and 
functions of human body; frequently employed syn- 
onymously with natural history and physiology of 
man. 
Anthropomagnetism, an-thro-po-mag'ne-tizm. See 
Magnetism, animal. 
Anthropomancy, an-thro'po-man-se (anthropo, man- 
teia, divination). Divination by inspecting entrails 
of a dead man. 
Anthropometry, an-thro-pom'e-tre (anthropo, me- 
Iron, measure). Measurement of weight, dimensions, 
etc. of different parts of the human body. 
Anthropomorphography, an-thro-po-mor-fog'ra-fe 
(anthropo, morphe, shape, grapho, to write). Description 
of form of various organs of human body. 
Anthropomorphology, an-thro-po-mor-fol'o-ge (an- 
thropo, morphe, form, logos, discourse). Anatomy (de- 
scriptive). Treatise on human anatomy or on laws 
regulating the form of organs. 
Anthropomorphus, an-thro-po-mor'fus (anthropo, 
morphe, shape). Eesembling man in shape. Atropa 
mandragora. 
Anthroponomy, an-thro-pon'o-me (anthropo, nomos, 
law). Knowledge of special laws presiding over 
functions of the human body; human physiology. 
Anthroponosology, an-thro-po-no-zol'o-je (anthropo, 
nosos, disease, logos, description). Study or description 
of diseases of man. 
Anthropophagus, an-thro-pof'ag-us (anthropo, phago, 
to eat). One who eats those of his own species; a 
cannibal. 
Anthropophagy, an-thro-pof'a-je (same etymon). 
The custom of eating human flesh; cannibalism. A 
disease in which there is great desire to eat it. 
Anthropophobia, an-thro-po-fo'be-ah (anthropo, pho- 
bos, fear). Dread of human society; love of solitude. 
It may imply existence' of mental disease. 
73 
ANTIBRACHIAL 
Anthropos, an-thro'pos. Man. See Homo. 
Anthroposcopy, an-thro-pos'ko-pe. Physiognomy. 
Anthroposomatology, an-thro-po-so-ma-tol'o-je •(an- 
thropo, soma, body, logos, discourse). Account or de- 
scription of human body. 
Anthropother'apy (anthropo, therapeia, treatment). 
Treatment of diseases of man. 
Anthropotomy, an-thro-pot'o-me. Dissection of 
the human body. The dissector is called an An- 
thropot' omist. 
Anthydrop'ic. Preventing or relieving dropsy. 
Anthypnotic, ant-hip-not'ik (anti, hupnos, sleep). 
Antihypnotic, Agrypnotic. Eemedy for stupor; any- 
thing that prevents sleep. 
Anthypochondriac, ant-hip-o-kond're-ak. Eemedy 
for hypochondriasis. 
Anthysteric, ant-his-ter'ik. Antihysteric. Eemedy 
for hysteria. 
Anti, an'te (against). As prefix, generally means 
opposition. 
Antiades, an-te'a-des. Tonsils. 
Antiaditis, an-te-ad-e'tis (antiades, itis). Cynanche 
tonsillaris. 
Antiadoncus, an-te-ad-on'kus (anti, onkos, tumor). 
Swelling of tonsils. A. inflammato'rius, cynanche 
tonsillaris. 
Antiagra, an-te'ag-rah. Antiadoncus. 
Antialbumate, an-te-al'bu-mate. Eesult of action of 
dilute muriatic acid on albumin; continued digestion 
converts it into antialbumide. 
Antialbumide, an - te - al' bu - mide. Considered to 
form, with hemialbumin, albumin. It is itself formed 
when a weak acid, such as muriatic acid, is used in 
digesting albumin. 
Antialhumin, an-te-al-bu'min. There exists in 
proteid molecule two substances preformed, anti- 
albumin and hemialbumin. These are converted by the 
gastric juice into antialbumose and hemialbumose, as 
intermediate step to conversion into antipeptone and 
hemipeptone. 
Antialgic, an-te-al'jik (anti, algos, pain). Believing 
pain. 
Antiaphrodisiac, an-te-af-ro-diz'e-ak. Anaphro- 
disiac. 
Antiapoplectic, an-te-ap-o-plek'tik. A remedy for 
apoplexy. 
Antiarin, an-te-ar'in. C14H20O5. Crystallizable 
poisonous principle derived from Upas antior, East 
Indian and Javanese arrow poison. Antiarin par- 
alyzes cardiac muscle and stimulates vaso-motor 
centres. 
Antiaris toxicaria, an-te-ar'is toks-e-kah're-ah. 
Upas-tree; juice is powerful poison, used in skin dis- 
eases. 
Antiarthritic (an-te-ar-thrit'ik) or Antarthrit'ic 
(anti, arthritis, gout). Eemedy for gout. 
An'tias. Tonsil. 
Antiasthenic, an-te-as-then'ik (anti, asthenia, de- 
bility). Eemedy for debility. 
Antiasthmatic, an - te - asth - mat' ik (anti, asthma). 
Eemedy for asthma. 
Antiatrophic, an-te-a-trof'ik. Antatrophic. 
Antibacterian, an-te-bak-te're-an. Anything that 
acts in opposition to formation or development of 
bacteria. 
Antihallomenum, an-te-bal-lom'en-um (antiballo, to 
put in place of another). Succedaneum; one drug 
substituted for another. 
Antibdella, an-ti-del'lah (anti, bdella, a leech). 
Antlia sanguisuga; artificial leech. 
Antihechicus, an-te-bek'ik-us (anti, bex, cough). 
Expectorant checking cough. 
Antihilious, an-te-bil'e-us. Checking secretion of 
bile; relieving biliousness. 
Antibiotic, an-te-be-ot'ik (anti, bios, life). Destroy- 
ing life. 
Antibrachial, an-te-brak'e-al. Concerning the 
forearm; more properly written antebrachial (ante, be- 
fore, brachium, arm), as antebrachial region, etc. A. 
aponeuro'sis, portion of aponeurotic sheath envelop- 
ing whole of upper limb. It covers muscles of fore- ANTI BRACH IU M 
arm, adheres to them, and sends between them fibrous 
septa, serving for points of insertion. 
Antibrachium, an-te-brak'e-um. Forearm. 
Antibromic, an-te-bro'mik (anti, bromos, fetor). De- 
odorizer or deodorant; agent that destroys offensive 
odors. 
Anticachectic, an-te-kak-ek'tik. Remedy against 
cachexy or morbid constitutional tendency. 
Anticacochymic, an-te-kak-o-kim'ik (anti, kakos, 
bad, chumos, juice). Anticachectic. 
Anticalculous, an-te-kal'ku-lus. Antilithic. 
Anticancerous, an-te-kan'se-rus. Anticarcinomat- 
ous, antiscirrhous. Opposed to cancer. 
Anticancrosus, an-te-kan-kro'sus. Anticancerous. 
Anticarcinomatous, an-te-kar-sin-om'at-us (anti, 
karkinoma, cancer). Opposed to cancer. 
Anticardia (an-te-kar'de-ah) or Anticardium, an- 
te-kar'de-um (anti, kardia, heart). Pit of stomach, 
scrobiculus cordis. 
Anticatarrhal, an-te-kat-ar'rhal. Remedy for ca- 
tarrh. 
Anticausodic (an-te-kaw-sod'ik) or Anticausotic, 
an-te-kaw-sot'ik (anti, kausos, burning fever). Remedy 
for inflammatory fever. 
Anticaustic, an-te-kaws'tik. Destroying or reliev- 
ing action of caustic. 
Anticephalalgic, an-te-sef-al-al'jik (anti, kephalal- 
gia, headache). Remedy against headache. 
Anticheir, an'te-kire (anti, cheir, hand). Thumb. 
Anticheirospasmus, an-te-ki-ro-spas'mus (anticheir, 
thumb, spasmos, spasm). Spasm of thumb. 
Anticheir otetanus, an-te-ki-ro-tet'an-us). Spas- 
modic contraction of thumb, seen during epileptic at- 
tacks. 
Antichir, an'te-ker. Thumb. 
Antichlor otic, an-te-klo-rot'ik. Preventing or re- 
lieving chlorosis. 
Antichceradic, an-te-ke-rad'ic (anti, choiras, scrof- 
ula). Antiscrofulous. 
Anticholeric, an-te-kol'er-ik. Remedy against 
cholera or choleric disposition. 
Anticholerica, an-te-kol-er'ik-ah. Sophora hepta- 
phylla. 
Anticipating, an-tis'ip-a-ting (ante, before, capio, 
to take). Epithet for periodical phenomenon recur- 
ring at progressively shorter intervals, as anticipating 
intermittent. 
Anticlinal vertebra, an-te-kli'nal vur'te-bra. Ver- 
tebra, in mammalia, which exhibits transition from 
vertebrae with spinal processes directed downward 
to those with spinal processes directed upward; tenth 
dorsal human vertebra. 
Anticnemium, an-tik-na'me-um (anti, kneme, leg). 
Shin. 
Anticnesmatic, ant-e-nes-mat'ik (anti, knesma, 
itching). Anything that relieves itching. 
Anticolic, an-te-kol'ik. That which is opposed to 
or relieves colic. 
Anticomma, an-te-kom'mah (anti, komma, a blow). 
Contre-coup ; resonance; reaction. 
Anticontagionist, an-te-kon-ta'jun-ist. One who 
disbelieves in contagion. 
Anticope, an-tik'o-pa. Contre-coup. 
Anticopometer, an-te-ko-pom'e-tur. Pleximeter. 
Anticoposcope, an-te-ko'po-skope. Pleximeter. 
Anticoptoscope, an-te-kop'to-skope (anti, kopto, to 
strike, skopeo, to inspect). Pleximeter. 
Anticor. Carbuncle of chest in domestic animals. 
Anticrusis (an-te-kru'sis) or Anticrusma, an-te- 
krus'mah. Contrafissure. 
Anticteric, an-tik'ter-ik (anti, ikteros, jaundice). 
Remedy for jaundice. 
Anticus, an-te'kus (ante, before). Anterior. 
Antideixis, an-te-dikes'is (anti, deixis, indication). 
Counterindication. 
Antidiarrhoeic, an-te-di-ar-rhe'ik. Remedy for di- 
arrhoea ; opposed to diarrhoea. 
Antidiastole, an-te-de-as'to-le (antidiastello, to dis- 
tinguish). Differential diagnosis. 
Antidinic, an-tid-in'ik (anti, dinos, vertigo). Op- 
posed to vertigo. 
74 
I ANTILEPSIS 
Antidotal, an-tid'o-tal. Relating to an antidote; 
possessed of powers of an antidote. 
Antidotarlum, an-te-do-tah're-um. Dispensatory, 
pharmacopceia, or formulary. Collection of drugs. 
Antidotary was used formerly in sense of antidote. 
Antidotary, an-tid'o-ta-re. Antidote. 
Antidote, an'te-dote (anti, didomi, to give). Origi- 
nally, internal remedy; now synonymous with coun- 
ter-poison, and signifying any remedy capable of com- 
bating effects of poison. See Poisons. A., Bibron's, 
antidote for snake-bites, composed of corrosive subli- 
mate, iodide of potassium, and bromine, administered 
early and continued for sufficient length of time. 
Antidotism, an-tid'o-tizm. Quality of antidote; 
antagonism of drugs. 
Antidotum, an-tid'o-tum. Antidote. 
Antidynamic, an-te-di-nam'ik (anti, dunamis, force). 
Debilitant. 
Antidynous, an-tid'in-us (anti, odune, pain). Ano- 
dyne. 
Antidyscratic, an-te-dis-krat'ik. Anything that 
relieves dyscrasiae or morbid conditions. 
Antidysenteric, an-te-dis-en-ter'ik. Opposed to 
dysentery; relieving dysentery. 
Antidysuric, an-te-dis-u'rik. Counteracting stran- 
gury. 
Antiemetic (an-te-e-met'ik) or Antemet'ic. Remedy 
for vomiting. A. root, adrue, the root of Cyperus 
articulatus. 
Antiephialtic or Antephialtic, ant-ef-e-al'tik (anti, 
ephialtes, nightmare). Remedy for nightmare. 
Antiepileptic (an-te-ep-i-lep'tik) or Antepilep'tic. 
Remedy for epilepsy. 
Antifebrile, an-te-feb'ril (anti, febris, fever). Re- 
ducing fever; febrifuge; antipyretic. 
Antifebrine, an-te-feb'rin. CsHgNO. Acetanilid. 
Antifermen'tative. Opposed to fermentation. 
Antigalactagogue, an-te-gal-ak'ta-gog (anti, gala, 
milk, agoge, bringing). Diminishing secretion of 
milk. 
Antigalactic, an-te-gal-ak'tik (anti, gala, milk). Op- 
posed to secretion of milk or to diseases caused by milk. 
Antihaemoptyicus, an-te-he-mop-te'ik-us. Against 
spitting of blood; remedy for spitting of blood. 
Antihectic, an-te-hek'tik (anti, hexis, habit of body). 
Anything relieving hectic fever. 
Antihelix, an-te'he-liks. Anthelix. 
Antihelmintic, an-te-hel-min'tik. Anthelmintic. 
Antihemorrhagic, an-te-hem-or-raj'ik. That which 
checks or arrests hemorrhage; styptic. 
Antihemorrhoidal, an-te-hem-or-roid'al. Remedy 
for hemorrhoids. 
Antiherpetic, an-te-her-pet'ik. Remedy for herpes. 
Antihidrotic, an-te-hi-drot'ik (anti, hidrosis, sweat). 
Checking or diminishing secretion of sweat. 
Antihydrophobic, an-te-hi-dro-fo'bik. Remedy for 
hydrophobia. 
Antihydropic, an - te - hi - drop' ik (anti, hudrops, 
dropsy). Remedy for dropsy. 
Antihydropin, an-te-hi'drop-in. Principle derived 
from cockroach, used in dropsy. 
Antihydrot'ic. Agent diminishing secretion of 
sweat, acting directly on the cells or nerves of 
the sweat-glands themselves, on the sweat-centres, or 
on the circulation. The substances classed under the 
head of antihydrotics are acids, atropine, belladonna, 
agaricus albus, amanita muscaria, muscarine, hyoscy- 
amus, jaborandi, pilocarpine, nux vomica, strychnia, 
quinine, picrotoxine, Dover's powder, salts of zinc. 
Antihypnotic, an-te-hip-not'ik. Anthypnotic. 
Antihysteric, an-te-his-ter'ik. Anthysteric. 
Antiicteric, an-te-ik-ter'ik (anti, ikteros, jaundice) 
Remedy for jaundice. 
Antilabium, an-te-lab'e-um. Prolabium; see Ante- 
labia. 
Antilactescent (an-te-lak-tes'sent) or Antilac'tic 
(anti, lac, milk). Antigalactic. 
Antilepsis, an-te-lep'sis (anti, lambano, to take hold 
of). Mode of securing bandages, etc. from slipping; 
treatment by revulsion or derivation; attack of 
sickness. ANTI LETHARGIC ' 
Antilethargic, an-te-leth-ar'jik. Remedy for leth- 
argy. 
Antilithic, an-te-lith ik (anti, lithos, stone). Sub- 
stance that prevents formation of calculi in the 
urinary organs, or that dissolves them when formed. 
Antilobium, an-te-lo'be-um (anti, lobion, lobe of ear). 
Antitragus, tragus. 
Antiloimic (an-te-loi'mik) or Antilcemic (anti, loimos, 
plague). Remedy for plague or for pestilence. 
Antilopus, an-ti-lo'pus. Antelope. African animal, 
whose hoofs and horns were formerly given in hys- 
teria and epilepsy. 
Antilyssic, an-te-lis'sik (anti, against, lussa, rabies). 
Antihydrophobic. 
Antilyssus, an-te-lis'sus (anti, lussa, rabies). Anti- 
hydrophobic. 
Antimelancholic, an-te-mel-an-kol'ic. Remedy for 
melancholy. 
Antimephitic, an-te-mef-it'ik. Remedy against 
mephitic or deleterious gases or exhalations. 
Antimetropia, an-te-me-tro'pe-ah (anti, metron, 
measure, ops, eye). Opposite conditions of ametropia 
in the two eyes, one being myopic, the other hyper- 
metropic. 
Antimiasmatic, an-te-mi-as-mat'ic. Remedy against 
miasmatic affections, quinia, for instance. 
Antimonial, an-te-mo'ne-al. Composition into 
which antimony enters. Preparation of antimony. 
A. oint'ment, unguentum antimonii. A. plas'ter, 
emplastrum antimonii. A. powder, peroxide of anti- 
mony combined with phosphate of calcium; pulvis 
antimonialis. A preparation long esteemed as a 
febrifuge, but uncertain in its action. Dose, 6 or 8 
grains. A. wine, vinum antimonii. 
Antimoniale causticum, an-te-mo-ne-al'a kaus'- 
ti-kum. Antimonium muriatum. 
Antimoniate, an-te-mo' ne-ate. Salt formed by 
combination of antimonic acid with base. 
Antimoniatum, an-te-mo-ne-at'um. Sulphur; anti- 
monii sulphuretum prsecipitatum. A. tartar, anti- 
monium tartarizatum. 
Antimonic acid, au-te-mo'nik as'id. Metantimonic 
acid. 
Antimonii arsenias, an-te-mo'ne-ear-se'ne-as. Arse- 
niate of antimony. A. butyrum, but-ir'um, anti- 
monium muriatum. A. calx, antimonium diaphore- 
ticum. A. cerus'sa, antimonium diaphoreticum. A. 
chlo'ridum, antimonium muriatum. A. io'didum, 
iodide of antimony. A. mu'rias, antimonium muria- 
tum. A. ni'grum purifica'tum (Ph. Br.), purified 
black antimony, is the native sulphate of antimony, 
purified from siliceous matter by fusion and reduced 
to fine powder; it is used in pharmacy, not in medi- 
cine. A. o'leum, antimonium muriatum. A. oxid'u- 
lum hydrosulphura'tum auranti'acum, antimonii 
sulphuretum prsecipitatum. A. ox'idum, see Algaroth. 
A. ox'idum aura'tum, antimonii sulphuratum prse- 
cipitatum. A. ox'idum nitro-muriat'icum, algaroth. 
A. ox'idum cum sul'phure vitrifac'tum, antimonii 
vitrum. A. ox'idum sulphure'tum vitrifac'tum, an- 
timonii vitrum. A. oxychlo'ridum, antimony, oxy- 
chloride of. A. oxysulphure'tum, see A. sulphuretum 
rubrum. A. pentasul'phidum, antimony pentasul- 
phide. A. et potas'sii tar'tras, antimonium tar- 
tarizatum. A. potas'sio-tar'tras, antimonium tar- 
tarizatum. A. reg'ulus. antimonium. A. reg'ulus 
medicina'lis, antimonium medicinale. A. sal, anti- 
monium tartarizatum, A. sul'phidum, antimony sul- 
phide or sulphuret; antimonii sulphidum (Ph. U. S. 
Sb-iSs) is native sulphide of antimony purified by 
fusion. Diaphoretic and alterative in scrofula, gland- 
ular obstructions; used in veterinary practice almost 
entirely. When prepared for medicinal use by trit- 
uration and levigation, it forms antimonii sulphidum 
purificatum (Ph. U. S.). A. sul'phur aura'tum, an- 
timonii sulphuretum prsecipitatum. A. sul'phur prse- 
cipita'tum, antimonii sulphuretum prsecipitatum. A. 
sulphura'tum, antimonii sulphuretum prsecipitatum. 
A. sulphure'tum, antimonium; A. sulphidum. A. 
sulphure'tum au'reum, antimonium sulphuratum. 
A. sulphure'tum praecipita'tum, Antimonium sulphura- 
75 
ANTIMONY 
turn (Ph. U. S., Br.), Golden sulphur, or Golden sul- 
phuret of antimony, is alterative, diaphoretic, and 
emetic; like kermes mineral, but much weaker. 
A. sulphure'turn ru'brum, Red sulphuret of antimony, 
Kermes or Cermes; not much used medicinally; re- 
sembles antimonium sulphide in action, but is stronger. 
Antimonii oxy sulphur etum, powder of purplish-brown 
color; emetic, diaphoretic, and cathartic; used in 
chronic rheumatism and skin diseases. A. tar'tras, 
antimonium tartarizatum. A. vit'rum, Glass of anti- 
mony, semivitreous oxide of antimony, has been used 
for preparing tartarized antimony and antimonial 
wine. A. vit'rum hyacin'thinum, A. vitrum. 
Antimonious acid, an-te-mo'ne-us as'id. Antimo- 
nium diaphoreticum. A. chlo'ride, antimonium 
muriatum. A. oxychlo'ride, algaroth. 
Antimonium, an-te-mo'ne-um. Metallic antimony, 
sometimes called regulus of antimony, is not officinal 
in Ph. U. S. or Br. Exists in nature uncombined, or as 
oxide, or united with sulphur. Common or crude 
antimony or sulphuret of antimony. Sulphuret of 
antimony is the ore from which all the preparations 
of antimony are formed. When prepared for use it 
forms Antimonii sulphidum (which see). A. al'bum, 
bismuth. A. calcina'tum, antimonium diaphoreti- 
cum. A. chlora'tum solu'tum, antimonium muria- 
tum. A. cru'dum, antimonium. A. diaphoreticum, 
Diaphoretic antimony, Antimonious acid, Mineral be- 
zoard, Mineral diaphoretic, Peroxide of antimony, Deut- 
oxide of antimony; made by action of common anti- 
mony and purified nitre. Not used in medicine, 
being too uncertain. A. emet'icum, A. tartarizatum. 
A. medicina'le, Medicinal regulus of antimony; made 
by action of subcarbonate of potash and chloride of 
sodium or antimonium sulphuratum, and conceived 
to be more active than common antimony. A. 
muria'tum, Butter of antimony, Muriate of antimony, 
Antimonious chloride; Chloride or Chloruret, Sesquichlo- 
ride or Terchloride of antimony; a caustic, but not 
much used as such; dissolved in hydrochloric acid, it 
forms Liquor antimonii chloridi, Solution of chloride of 
antimony, of a previous Ph. Br., from which oxide of 
antimony was prepared. A. ni'grum, see Antimonium. 
A. sal'itum, antimonium muriatum. A. sulphura'- 
tum, see Antimonii sulphuretum prsecipitatum. A. 
sulphura'tum auranti'acum, antimonii sulphuretum 
prsecipitatum. A. sulphura'tum ni'grum, sulphuret 
of antimony; see Antimonium. A. sulphura'tum 
ru'brum, antimonii sulphuretum rubrum. A. tar- 
tara'tum, A. tartarizatum. A. tartariza'tum, oxy- 
tartrate of antimony and potassium, Tartarized anti- 
mony, Tartrate of antimony and potassium, Potassio- 
tartrate of antimony, Emetic tartar, Tartar emetic, im- 
properly called Tartar antimonii et potassii tartras 
(Ph. U. S., Br.), 2KSbOC4H4O6,H2O (made by boiling 
oxide of antimony and powdered acid tartrate of po- 
tassium in distilled water; filtering and crystallizing, 
Ph. Br.). Tartarized antimony is emetic, sometimes 
cathartic and diaphoretic; externally rubefacient, and 
in form of ointment more especially- Unguentum anti- 
monii-used to cause pustulation. Dose as emetic, gr. 
j to gr. iv in solution; as diaphoretic, gr. to J. A. 
vitrifac'tum, antimonii vitrum. 
Antimony, an'te-mo-ne. Antimonium. A. arse'- 
niate, made by adding alkaline arseniate to terchlo- 
ride of antimony; given in heart affections and ner- 
vous diseases in doses of gr. to s. A. ar'senite, 
formed by digesting antimony in concentrated solu- 
tion of arsenious acid. A., but'ter of, antimonium 
muriatum. A., chlo'ride of, antimonium muriatum. 
A., chlo'ruret of, antimonium muriatum. A., com'- 
mon, antimonium. A., crude, antimonium. A., deut- 
ox'ide of, antimonium diaphoreticum. A., flow'ers 
of, algaroth. A., glass of, antimonii vitrum. A., 
gol'den sul'phur of, antimonii sulphuretum prsecipi- 
tatum. A. i'odide, made by heating together antimony 
and iodine; alterative. A., medicinal reg'ulus of, 
antimonium medicinale. A., mu'riate of, anti- 
monium muriatum. A., o'leate of, see Oleates. A., 
ox'ide of, see Algaroth. A., oxychlo'ride of, see Alga- 
roth. A., peroxide of, antimonium diaphoreticum. ANTI M YCETIC 
A. and potas'sa or potas'sium, tar'trate of, anti- 
monium tartarizatum. A., potaszsio-tart'rate of, 
antimonium tartarizatum. A., sesquichlo'ride of, 
antimonium muriatum. A., sul'phide, antimonii sul- 
phidum. A., sul'phuret of, red, antimonii sulphu- 
retum rubrum. A., tar'tarized, antimonium tar- 
tarizatum. A., terchlo'ride of, see Algaroth. A., 
terox'ide of, antimonium muriatum. A., vegetable, 
Eupatorium perfoliatum 
Antimycetic, an-te-mi-se'tik (anti, makes, fungus). 
Destroying or preventing formation of fungi. 
Antimydriatic, an-te-mid-ri-at'ik (anti, mudriasis, 
imperfect vision from dilatation of pupil). Having 
opposite action to dilatation of pupil. 
Antinarcot'ic. Opposed to action of narcotics. 
Antinephritic (an-te-nef-rit'ik) or Antinephret'- 
ic. Remedy for nephritis or inflammation of the 
kidney. 
Antineuropathic (an-te-nu-ro-path'ik), or Antineu- 
rotic, an-te-nu-rot'ik. Remedy against nervous dis- 
orders. 
Antiniad, an-tin'e-ad. See Antinial. 
Antinial, an-tin'e-al (anti, inion, ridge of occiput). 
Epithet for aspect toward side opposite inion or ridge 
of occiput. Antin'iad is used adverbially to signify 
"toward the antinial aspect." 
Antinion, an-tin'e-on. Anterior pole of the skull, 
opposite the occipital ridge; point farthest from the 
inion. 
Antiodontalgic (an-te-o-don-tal'jik) or Antodon- 
talgic, an-to-don-tal'jik (anti, odontalgia, toothache). 
Remedy for toothache. 
Antiorgastic, an-te-or-gas'tik (anti, orgao, to desire 
vehemently). Remedy for orgasm or irritation, espe- 
cially venereal. 
Antiotomia, an-te-o-tom'e-ah (antias, tonsil, tome, 
incision). Excision of the tonsil. 
Antiparalytic, an-te-par-al-it'ik. Opposed to palsy. 
Antiparasitic, an-te-par-as-it'ik (anti, parasitos, par- 
asite). Parasiticide ; agent that destroys parasites, as 
those which infest the body. 
Antiparastatitis, an-te-par-as-ta-te'tis (ante, para- 
states, epididymis or prostate). Inflammation of 
Cowper's glands. 
Antipathic, an-te-path'ik (anti, pathos, affection). 
Opposite, contrary; relating to antipathy; palliative. 
Antipathy, an-tip'a-the (anti, pathos, affection). 
Aversion. Natural repugnance to any person or 
thing; antagonism, as of drugs; palliation. Allopathy. 
Antipediculous, an-te-pe-dik'u-lus. Having prop- 
erty of destroying lice ; antiphtheiriac. 
Antipeptone, an-te-pep'tone. Final result of action 
of pancreatic juice on proteids, or formed from anti- 
albumose by continuing the process of digestion after 
the latter is obtained from albumin. 
Antiperiodic, an-te-pe-re-od'ik. Remedy which 
possesses power of arresting or diminishing the sever- 
ity of morbid periodical movements; the sulphate of 
quinia, for instance, in intermittents. The chief an- 
tiperiodics are cinchona-bark and its alkaloids (qui- 
nine, cinchonine, quinidine, cinchonidine), arsenic, 
salicylic acid, salicylates, salicin, bebeeru-bark and its 
alkaloid bebeerine, and eucalyptol. 
Antiperistalsis, an-te-per-e-stal'sis. Inverted ac- 
tion of intestinal tube. 
Antiperistaltic, an-te-per-e-stal'tik (anti, peristello, 
to contract). Anti vermicular. Relating to antiperi- 
stalsis. 
Antiperistasis, an-te-per-is'tas-is (anti, peristasis, 
reunion, aggregation). Union of opposite circum- 
stances; action of two contrary qualities, one aug- 
menting force of the other. 
Antipernius, an-te-pur'ne-us (anti, pernio, chil- 
blain). Remedy against chilblain. 
Antipertussis, an-te-per-tus'sis (anti, pertussis, 
whooping cough). Remedy against whooping cough. 
Antipestilential, an-te-pes-til-en'she-al. Antiloi- 
mic. 
Antipharmac, an-te-far'mak. Alexipharmic. 
Antipharmacum, an-te-far'mah-cum (anti, pharma- 
kon, poison). Antidote. 
76 
ANTIRABIC 
Antipharmic, an-te-far'mik. Antidote. 
Antiphlogistic, an-te-flo-jis'tik (anti, phlego, to 
burn). Opposed to or checking inflammation, as anti- 
phlogistic remedies, A. regimen, etc. 
Antiphtheiriac, an-te-thi're-ak (anti, phtheiriao, to 
be lousy). Remedy to destroy lice. 
Antiphthisical (an-te-tiz'ik-al) or Antiphthis'ic 
(anti, phthisis, consumption). Opposed to phthisis. 
Antiphysaic (an-te-flz-a'ik) or Antiphysetic, an-te- 
fiz-et'ik (anti, phusao, to puff up). Remedy for flatu- 
lence ; expeller of wind. 
Antiplastic, an-te-plas'tik (anti, plastikos, forma- 
tive). Antiformative; not favorable to healing; 
agent that diminishes quantity of plastic matter in 
the blood. 
Antipleuritic (an-te-pleu-rit'ik) or Antipleuretic, 
an-te-pleu-ret'ik. Opposed to pleurisy ; a remedy for 
pleurisy. 
Antipneumonic, an-te-nu-mon'ik. Remedy for dis- 
ease or inflammation of the lungs. 
Antipneumotox'in (anti, pneumon, lung, toxikos, poi- 
sonous). The pneumococcus produces a poisonous 
albumen, which causes subsequently the production 
in the organism of a substance called antipneumo- 
toxin, which has power to neutralize the toxic albu- 
men formed by the bacterium. 
Antipodagric, an-te-po-dag'rik (anti, podagra, gout). 
Remedy for gout. 
Antiprax'ia, Antipraxis (an-te-praks'is), or An'ti- 
praxy (anti, prasso, to act). Contrary symptoms or 
functions in the same patient; contrary action of 
drugs according to dose. 
Antiprostatic (an-te-pros-tat'ik) gland. Antepros- 
tatic gland ; glands of Littre and Cowper. 
Antipruritic, an-te-pru-rit'ik. Opposed to or re- 
lieving itching. 
Antipsoric, an-te-so'rik (anti, psora, itch). Opposed 
to or relating to itch. 
Antiputrid (an-te-pu'trid) or Antiputrescent, an-te- 
pu-tres'sent. Antiseptic. 
Antipyic, an-te-pi'ik (anti, puon, pus). Opposed to 
suppuration ; interfering with formation of pus. 
Antipyre'sis (anti, pur, fire, fever). Treatment by 
antipyretics or to counteract fever. 
Antipyretic, an-te-pi-ret'ik (anti, puretos, fever). 
Febrifuge capable of diminishing the temperature of 
the body, and thus reducing fever. Such remedies 
act either by lessening the production of heat or by 
increasing the loss of heat. A vascular antipyretic is 
one which acts through the circulation, as aconite and 
digitalis. Antipyretics are employed to lower abnor- 
mal temperature from exposure to external heat, from 
fevers, such as typhoid or typhus, scarlet fever, acute 
rheumatism, etc. Cold bathing in some forms of fever 
is regarded by many as the most speedy and efficient 
means of applying antipyretic medication. 
The table on opposite page shows the modes of 
action of all the important antipyretics (Brunton). 
Antipyrine, an-ti-pi'reen. C11H12N2O. Variously 
called, chemically, dimethylphenylpyrazolon, de- 
hydrodimethylphenylpyrazine, phenazone, metho- 
zine, and dimethyloxychinizin. Grayish-white sol- 
uble crystalline powder, one, of products of destructive 
distillation of coal-tar. Dose, gr. v-x. Active anti- 
pyretic and antineuralgic; externally, antiseptic. It 
is a heart-depressant, and should be prescribed with 
caution. It is incompatible with a number of other 
substances. Benzoate, citrate, picrate, and salicylate 
of antipyrine have also been employed, the latter un- 
der the name of salipyrin ; see Salipyrin. With chloral 
antipyrine forms hypnol; with phenol, phenopyrin. 
See Antipyretics (table on opposite page). 
Antipyri'num, an-te-pi-re'num. Antipyrine.- 
Antipyrotic, an-te-pi-rot'ik (anti, pur, tire). Op- 
posed to burns or to pyrosis. 
Antiquartanarium (an-te-kwar-tan-ah're-um) or 
Antiquar'tium. Remedy for quartan fever. 
Antiquus, an-te'kwus (old). Chronic. 
Antirabic, an-te-rab'ik. Against rabies, as a medi- 
cine presumed to be effective in treatment of such 
conditions. ANTIRHACHITIC 
77 
ANTISEPTIC 
TABLE OF ANTIPYRETICS. 
Quinine. 
Cinchonine. 
Quinidine. 
Cinchonidine. 
Berberin. 
Benzoic acid. 
Carbolic acid. 
Picric acid. 
Salicylic acid. 
Salicylate of sodium. 
" quinine. 
" methyl 
(oil of Wintergreen). 
Salicin. 
Kairin. 
Camphor. 
Eucalyptol. 
Thymol. 
Other essential oils. 
Alcohol. 
Acting on tissue-change 
Lessen production of heat 
Antimony salts 
Aconite. 
Digitalis. 
Veratrine. 
Colchicum. 
Thallin. 
Generally 
Acting on the circulation 
Locally . 
Wet cupping. 
Leeches. 
Dry cupping. 
Blisters. 
Poultices. 
Antipyretics 
By dilating the cutaneous vessels and 
increasing radiation 
' Alcohol. 
Nitrous ether. 
, Antipyrine, thallin. 
Increase loss of heat 
By increasing the loss of) 
heat due to evaporation 
of perspiration .... J 
Sudorifics 
Antimonial preparations. 
Opium and ipecacuanha. 
Nitrous ether. 
Cold bath. 
Cold affusion. 
Cold sponging. 
Wet pack. 
Ice to the surface. 
Ice-bags to the neck. 
Cold drinks. 
Cold enemata. 
By abstracting heat from the body 
Mode of action uncertain 
Purgatives. 
Venesection 
Antirhachitic, an-te-rhak-it'ik. Opposed, to rhachi- 
tis or rickets. 
Antirheumatic, an-te-rhu-mat'ik. Remedy for 
rheumatism. 
Antirhinum, an-tir'in-um (anti, for or resembling, 
r/tis, nose). Acutangulum. A. linaria. A. auricula'tum, 
A. elatiue. A. elati'ne, Fluellen or Female speedwell, 
was formerly used against scurvy and old ulcerations. 
A. hedera'ceum, A. linaria. A. hedersefo'lium, A. 
linaria. A. lina'ria, Common toad-flax, ord. Scrophu- 
lariacese. Leaves have bitterish taste, and are diuretic 
and cathartic; an ointment is made from them for 
hemorrhoids. 
Antirrheoscope, an-tir-rhe'o-scope (antirrheo, to go 
contrary to, skopeo, to see). Instrument for artificially 
producing vertigo of vision by motion of spirals on 
revolving cylinders started by turning a disk. 
Antiscabious, an-te-skab'e-us. Antipsoric. 
Antis cirrhous, an-te-skir'rus. Anticancerous. 
Antiscoletic (an-te-sko-let'ik) or Antiscolic, an-te- 
sko'lik (anti, skolex, worm). Anthelmintic. 
Antiscorbutic, an-te-skor-bu'tik. Opposed to or 
preventing or relieving scorbutus or scurvy. 
Antiscrofulous (an-te-skrof'u-lus) or Antiscroph'- 
ulous. Opposed to scrofula. 
Antisepsis, an-te-sep'sis (anti, septos, putrid). Pre- 
vention of decay and putrefaction by the employ- 
ment of antiseptics, which arrest the development 
of micro-organisms, on which decay and putrefaction 
depend, or completely destroy them. The condition 
resulting from the use of antiseptics is called Anti- 
septicity. See Antiseptic and Asepsis. 
Antiseptic, an-te-sep'tik (anti, septos, putrid). Anti- 
putrid ; opposed to putrefaction. Any substance having 
power to prevent or destroy putrefaction, accomplish- 
ing this by the prevention or destruction of the bac- 
teria causing such putrefaction. For the chief anti- 
septics employed see Antiseptic treatment. A. adhe'- 
slve plas'ter, see Plaster, antiseptic. A. ce'recloth, 
see Cerecloth. A. collo'dion, see Collodion. A. 
dressings, dressings for wounds that prevent forma- 
tion or introduction of septic materials. A. gauze, 
very sheer cotton cloth infiltrated with carbolic acid, 
paraffin, etc.; see Gauze, muslin. A. lac plas'ter, see 
Plaster, antiseptic. A. lig'ature, ligature made of cat- 
gut or other material which has been made aseptic 
by saturation with antiseptic solutions or mixtures ; 
see Ligature, antiseptic. A. treatment, treatment to 
prevent septic infection and consequent septicaemia or 
septic blood-poisoning. It had been generally taught 
that this was to be effected by prevention of the for- 
mation or accumulation of organic matter, whether 
in the form of blood, serum, or pus, and by preclud- 
ing the admission or counteracting the influence of 
air. These were the two cardinal principles of the 
antiputrefactive or antiseptic treatment of wounds. 
The plan of antiseptic treatment advocated by Sir 
Joseph Lister included many of the more recept 
methods, and among other items the use of gauze and 
a disinfectant spray, which is now virtually aban- 
doned, although the principles of cleanliness advo- 
cated by him are fully recognized. 
More modern views regard as the chief sources of 
disinfection the hands of the surgeon and his assist- 
ants, and the instruments, sponges, and dressings em- 
ployed by them. The cleanliness of those thus en- 
gaged is the first consideration. The details of surgical 
antiseptic treatment may be concisely stated as fol- 
lows (J. B. Roberts, Modern Surgery): Heat is the 
most perfect destroyer of vegetable fungi; therefore 
instruments, sponges, and dressings which have 
been sufficiently treated are free from germs or 
aseptic. The antiseptic solution most often used for 
washing the patient's skin and for scrubbing his ANTISEPTIC 
hands is water containing corrosive sublimate in the 
proportion of 1:1000 or 1:2000; a solution, however, 
too strong to be used for irrigating cavities, as there 
is great danger of corrosive-sublimate poisoning from 
any of the acid remaining in them. Betanaphthol, 
1:2500, is preferable for washing out such cavities, 
because it is non-poisonous, but it is not as powerful 
a parasiticide as corrosive sublimate. Boiled water, 
or steam which has been condensed in clean recepta- 
cles, should be used for abdominal operations. The 
sublimate should never be used to sterilize instru- 
ments, because it tarnishes the steel and dulls their 
edges. For such purposes a betanaphthol solution, or 
a solution of carbolic acid, 1:40, should be employed. 
If the surgeon prefers, he may boil his instruments 
and let them stand in the water until it is sufficiently 
cooled to allow him to put his hands in it or until he 
is ready for their use. The vessel should be pro- 
tected from atmospheric dust by covers. Betanaph- 
thol solution does not irritate the skin of the 
surgeon's hands, as do corrosive sublimate and car- 
bolic acid, and it is safer than boiled water, as it is 
antiseptic, instead of merely aseptic. 
When an operation is to be performed the instru- 
ments required should previously be put in trays 
containing sterilized water or antiseptic solution. 
All sponges, sutures, and dressings must be sterile. 
The patient's skin must be made aseptic by thorough 
cleansing; the surgeon's finger-nails cleaned and his 
hands and arms scrubbed with soap and made free 
from possible pathogenic germs; his clothing covered 
with a clean operating apron, and his sleeves rolled 
up to the elbow. Just before operating, his hands 
should be dipped in a sublimate solution, 1:1000, for 
a couple of minutes, and the patient's skin washed 
with a similar solution. The assistants whose hands 
are to touch sponges, instruments, and the wound 
must be as aseptic as the surgeon. No one else should 
be allowed to handle anything. Nothing unless it 
is germ-free is permitted to come into contact with 
the incised tissues. An instrument which has 
dropped upon the floor or touched the bed-clothes 
must be rejected until again sterilized. The surgeon 
must touch nothing that is not sterile, unless he 
sterilizes his hands again with an antiseptic solution 
or washes them in sterilized water before approach- 
ing the wound. He dare not put his hands into his 
pocket or scratch his head or face without endanger- 
ing the patient's life by the possible conveyance of a 
single bacterium into the wound. It is therefore 
well to surround the seat of operation with sterilized 
towels laid over the clothing or bed-coverings. 
These may be baked towels, or towels soaked in sub- 
limate solution and dried. 
To the statement above quoted may be added a brief 
sketch of the chief germicidal or other substances em- 
ployed in aseptic or antiseptic surgery, as mercury 
bichloride, carbolic acid, chloride of zinc, iodoform, 
betanaphthol, peroxide of hydrogen, boric acid, potas- 
sium permanganate, aristol, creolin, methyl-violet or 
pyoktanin, double cyanide of mercury and zinc. 
They may be employed as follows: 
Aristol, non-toxic germicide, used as substitute for 
iodoform, and similarly employed for chronic and 
syphilitic and scrofulous ulcers. 
Eetanqp/it/ioZ, in solution, 1:2500, for irrigating cavities, 
cleansing instruments and the surgeon's hands. 
Boric acid, as a detergent, in 5 to 25 per cent, solution 
to mucous surfaces and extensive cavities; to 
superficial wounds, in ointment, 1 part of boric 
acid to 5 parts of vaseline or cosmoline; a lotion 
of salicylic acid 2 parts and boric acid 12 parts, 
to hot water 1000 parts, may be used as a safe 
application in the bladder or cavity of the peri- 
toneum. 
Carbolic acid, in solution, 1:20 or 1:40, for sterilizing 
instruments, the latter also for irrigation of 
wounds and washing sponges, with careful atten- 
tion to possibilities of carbolic-acid poisoning, 
and to susceptibility of children to its effects in 
even moderate strength of solution. 
78 
> ANTISTRUMOUS 
Chloride of zinc, in solution (gr. xxx or xl to fijj of 
water), in infected, poisoned, or dissecting wounds. 
Corrosive sublimate, in solution in water, 1 f 500 to 
1:1000, for irrigation and disinfection of the 
hands and skin; 1:2000 is the strength usually 
employed ; 1:4000 in children ; 1:5000 or 1:10,000 
when used in large cavities. Symptoms of 
poisoning must be guarded against. 
Creolin, used like carbolic acid, but non-poisonous 
and unirritating to the skin, in emulsion with 
water (2 to 5 per cent.), in which it is not soluble. 
Double cyanide of mercury and zinc, used for infil- 
trating gauze, according to the method of Lister. 
Oiv of bichloride solution to 100 grains of the 
double salt. See Listerian treatment. 
Iodoform, in powder as a dressing to wounds and 
ulcers; in iodoform gauze, iodoform collodion 
(gr. xlviii to ,5 j of collodion), in ethereal solution, 
in glycerin (gj to gx of glycerin), etc. 
Methyl-violet or pyoktanin, in solution, 1:1000 or 1:2000, 
for suppurating wounds and ulcers; it is not 
toxic; for sterilizing instruments, 1:10,000. 
Peroxide of hydrogen, in 15-volume solution, undi- 
luted, or diluted to about 10 per cent., for steril- 
izing sinuses and suppurating cavities, into which 
it may be injected by a syringe or a form of 
spray. 
Potassium permanganate, in solution, about ,5.j or 
more to f§j of water; fgj of this solution in Oj 
of water, making a solution 1:1000; used in dis- 
infecting foul wounds and ulcers, for surgeon's 
hands, washing sponges, etc. 
Sulphocarbolate of zinc may be used like chloride of 
zinc, for the same purposes and in the same 
strength. 
Antisep'ticism. Principles of antisepsis and anti- 
septic treatment. A., Liste'rian, see Listerian. 
Antiseptic'ity. See Antisepsis. 
Antisialic (an-te-si-al'ik) or Antisialagogue, an-te- 
si-al'ag-og (anti, sialon, saliva, ago, to expel). Eemedy 
against ptalyism, or excessive salivation. 
Antispasis, ant-is'pas-is (anti, spao, to draw). Der- 
ivation, revulsion. 
Antispasmodic, an-te-spas-mod'ik (anti, spao, to 
draw). Opposed to spasm; tending to prevent or 
check spasm. The operation of antispasmodics is re- 
vulsive in such affections as hysteria, epilepsy, chorea, 
spasmodic asthma, and spasm of the blood-vessels. 
Antispasmodics belong to several classes of medicines, 
as tonics, sedatives, etc., as may be illustrated in the 
following table exhibiting their action on the higher 
nerve-centres in hysteria (Brunton): 
I. Sedatives. Alkaline bromides. 
II. Tonics. Zinc salts. 
Musk, 
Castor. 
Derived from the 
genital organs 
of animals. 
III. Stimulants, which 
have a powerful odor, 
and probably act on 
the higher centres 
through the olfac- 
tory organs, either 
by direct application 
or during their elim- 
ination. 
Similar in the na- 
ture of their 
odor to the 
above, though 
derived from 
plants. 
Sumbul, 
Valerian. 
Asafoetida, 
Ammoniaeum, 
Galbanum. 
Containing sul- 
phur oils. 
Antispastic, an - te - spas' tik (anti, spao, to draw). 
Antispasmodic, derivative, revulsive. 
Antisquamic, an - te - squaw' mik (anti, squama, a 
scale). Medicine checking or relieving cutaneous 
affections, especially of a scaly form. 
Antistasis, an-tis'tas-is (antistasis, opposition). An- 
tagonism. 
Antisternum, an-te-stur'num (anti, steryon, ster- 
num). Back ; part of spinal column opposite sternum. 
Antisterygma, an-te-stur-ig'mah (anti, sterigma, 
support). Fulcrum, support, crutch. 
Antisthetic, an-tis-thet'ik (antithesis, contrast). 
Opposite; applied to a condition or function which 
is antithetic to another. 
Antistrumous, an-te-stroo'mus (anti, struma, scro- 
fula). Antiscrofulous. ANTISUDORAL 
Antisudoral (an-te-su'do-ral) or Antisudorific, an- 
te-su-do-rif'ik (anti, sudor, sweat). Remedy that di- 
minishes sweat. 
Antisyphilitic, an-te-sif-il-it'ik. Opposed to vene- 
real disease; relieving or curing syphilis. 
Antitasis, an-tit'as-is (anti, teino, to extend). Coun- 
ter-extension. 
Antithenar, an-tith'en-ar (anti, thenar, palm of 
hand or sole of foot). Opponens pollicis and ad- 
ductor pollicis mantis or pedis muscles. A. eminence, 
inner border of palm of hand. 
Antitherma, an-te-thur'mah (anti, therme, heat). 
Refrigerant. 
Antithermic, an-te-thur'mik. Cooling, antipyretic. 
Antithermin, an - te - ther' min. An antipyretic, 
C2H5N2H, phenylhydrazin-levulinic acid, colorless 
crystals, soluble in boiling water or aicohol; made by 
action of acetic acid solution of phenylhydrazin with 
watery solution of levulinic acid. 
Antithora, an-tith'or-ah. Aconitum anthora. 
Antitoxic, an-te-toks'ik (anti, toxicon, a poison). 
Antidote to a poison. 
Antitox'ines. Agents that destroy or counteract 
toxines, or poisonous principles in the system. 
Antitragicus (an-te-traj'ik-us) or Antitrageus, an- 
te-traj'e-us. Belonging to the antitragus; small mus- 
cle, existence of which is not constant, occupying 
space between antitragus and anthelix. 
Antitragus, an-tlt'rag-us (anti, tragos, tragus;. Con- 
ical eminence on pavilion of ear opposite tragus. 
Antitrismus, an-te-triz-mus (anti, trismos, inarticu- 
late sound). Tonic spasmodic action of muscles of 
the mouth, preventing its closure. 
Antitypical, an-te-tip'ik-al. Antiperiodic, not reg- 
ular. 
Antivaccina'tionist. One opposed to practice of 
vaccination. 
Antivenereal, au-te-ve-ne're-al (anti, Venus). Anti- 
syphilitic, antaphrodisiac.' 
Antivermicular, an-te-ver-mik'u-lar. Antiperis- 
taltic. 
Antiverminous, an-te-ver'min-us (anti, vermis, 
worm). Anthelmintic. 
Antizymotic (an-te-zi-mot'ik) or Antizymic, an-te- 
zi'mik. Opposed to zymosis; checking or preventing 
fermentation. 
Antlia, ant'le-ah (antleo, to pump out). Syringe; a 
pump. Hence A. lactea or mammaria, Lactisugium, 
breast-pump; A. sanguisuga, Antibdella, Hirudo arti- 
ficialis, Artificial leech, exhausting syringe used in 
cupping. A. gas'trica, stomach-pump. 
Antodontalgic, an-to-don-tal'jik. Relieving tooth- 
ache. 
Antodyn, ant'o-din (anti, odune, pain). Anodyne. 
Antorgastic, an-tor-gas'tik. Checking or relieving 
orgasm, especially the venereal. 
Antosis (an-to'sis), or Antothesis (an-to'the-sis), or 
Antothismus, an-to-thiz'mus (anti, otheo, to push). 
Endosmose. 
Antozone, ant'o-zone (anti, ozone). Hydrogen per- 
oxide. 
Antozostomatic, an-to-zos-to-mat'ik (anti, ozostomos, 
bad breath). Capable of correcting bad breath or 
disagreeable taste. 
An'tral. Relating to the antrum, as of Highmore. 
Antrax, an'traks. Anthrax. 
Antritis, an-tre'tis. Inflammation of a cavity, par- 
ticularly antrum of Highmore. 
Antrophlogosis, an-tro-flo-go'sis (antrum, phlogosis, 
inflammation). Antritis. 
Antrophore, an'tro-fore (antrum, cavity, plioros, 
conveying). Soluble medicated gelatin bougie. 
Antrorrhonchus, an - tror - rhon' kus. Cavernous 
rhonchus. 
Antrotympanitis, an-tro-tim-pan-e'tis (antrum, cav- 
ity). Inflammation of cavity of tympanum. 
Antroversio, an-tro-ver'se-o (antro, for ante, forward, 
verto, to turn). Anteversion. 
An'trum (antron, a cavern). Name given to certain 
cavities, as in bones, etc., entrance to which is usually 
smaller than the bottom. A. au'ris, tympanum. A. 
79 
AORTA 
buccino'sum, cochlea, labyrinth. A., car'diac, dilata- 
tion of the oesophagus above the diaphragm. A. denta'- 
le, pulp-cavity of tooth. A. duodena'le, upper dilated 
portion of duodenum. A. ethmoida'le, ethmoid cells. 
A. fronta'le, frontal sinus. A. ge'nse, A. of High- 
more. A. of High'more, Maxillary sinus, deep cavity 
in substance of superior maxillary bone communica- 
ting with middle meatus of nose; lined by prolonga- 
tion of Schneiderian membrane. A. of Malacarne, 
posterior perforated space of cerebrum. A. mastoi'- 
deum, mastoid cells. A. maxil'lse or maxilla're, an- 
trum of Highmore. A. olfacti'vum, ethmoid cells. 
A. petro'sum, meatus auditorius internus. A. pylo'- 
ricum or pylo'ri, pyloric portion of stomach. A. 
sphenoida'le, sphenoidal sinus. A. tu'bae, sacciform 
enlargement of oviduct. 
Ants'jar. Upas. 
Antyllus (an-til'lus), opera'tion of. Treatment of 
aneurism by opening it, removing clots, and ligating 
artery above and below the sac. 
Anularis, an-u-lar'is. Annular. 
Anulus, an'u-lus (dim. of Anus). See Anus, Fossette. 
Anuresis (an-u-ra'sis) or Anu'ria, an-u're-ah {an, 
oureo, to pass urine) Absence or deficiency of urine; 
retention of urine. 
Anus (circle), ah'nus. Circular opening at inferior 
extremity of the rectum, by which excrement is ex- 
pelled ; fundament; body; seat. Anterior orifice of 
aqueduct of Sylvius, called also foramen commune pos- 
terius, supposed to form communication between back 
part of third ventricle and lateral ventricles. A., 
abnor'mal or artific'ial, Fecal fistula, opening made 
artificially to supply place of natural anus; see Anus, 
preternatural. A. cer'ebri, see Anus. A., de'vious, 
anus, preternatural. A., fis'sure of, see Fissura. A., 
fis'tula of, see Fistula. A., imper'forate, malformation 
in which there is no natural anus. See Atresia ani. A., 
infundib'ullform, condition of anus in which natural 
folds are obliterated, perhaps from impure connection. 
A. no'thus, anus, artificial. A., preternat'ural, acci- 
dental opening giving issue to feces; may be owing 
to wound or to gangrene of intestine in hernial sac. 
This term, as well as devious anus, is also employed 
where the anus, instead of being in a natural situa- 
tion, is in some neighboring cavity, as bladder, 
vagina, etc.; see A., abnormal. A., prolapse of, see 
Prolapsus ani. A. of Rusco'ni, minute opening in 
blastoderm of ova of amphibious animals. 
An'vil. Incus. 
Anxietas, anks-e'et-as. Anxiety. A. prsecordio'- 
rum, see Anxiety. A. tibia'rum, restlessness of lower 
extremities, noticed in some nervous affections. 
. Anxiety, anks-i'et-e (ancho, to strangle, to suffocate). 
Anxietude. State of restlessness and agitation, with 
general indisposition, and distressing sense of oppres- 
sion at the epigastrium, anxietas prsecordiorum. 
Anxis, anks'is. Constriction. 
Anydrsemia, an-e-dre'me-ah {an, hudor). Watery 
condition of the blood. 
Anypnia, an-ip'ne-ah {an, and hupnos, sleep). In- 
somnia. 
Anysteria, an-is-te're-ah {an, hustera, uterus). Ab- 
sence of uterus. 
Aochlesia, ah-ok-la'ze-ah {a, ochlos, disturbance). 
Tranquillity; calmness ; catalepsy. 
Aorta, a-or'ta. Hemal axis. Name given by Aris- 
totle to chief artery of body {aorteomai, to be sus- 
pended, as if suspended from the heart). Probably Hip- 
pocrates meant by aortai (aer, air, tereo, to keep) bron- 
chia and their ramifications. The aorta is the common 
trunk of the arteries of the body; arises from left ven- 
tricle of heart, about opposite to fifth dorsal vertebra, 
passes upward {ascending aorta), forms great arch or 
cross, and descends across left of spine {descending 
aorta), until it reaches middle of fourth or fifth lum- 
bar vertebra, where it bifurcates, to give origin to the 
common iliacs. The aorta is sometimes divided into 
Thoracic or Pectoral and Abdominal. A., abdom'inal, 
see Aorta. A., ascend'ing, see Aorta. A., car'diac, 
part of embryonic vascular apparatus, giving rise to 
aortic arches. A., com'mon, portion of aorta in lower AORTARCTIA t 
animals, included between heart and division into 
anterior and posterior a. A., descending, see Aorta. 
A., dor'sal, embryonic'aorta from union of primitive 
aortse. A., infe'rior, abdominal a. A., pec'toral, 
thoracic aorta. A., pericar'diac, ascending a. A., 
poste'rior, posterior branch of common a. A., primi- 
tive, part of a. between origin and point of departure 
of first branch. P. aortse of the embryo are inferior ver- 
tebral anterior branches from cardiac aorta, joining to 
form the dorsal aorta. A., primor'dial, dorsal a. A., 
right, embryonic portion of bulb of a., afterward 
forming pulmonary artery. A., root Of, origin of a. 
from heart. A., si'nus of, sinuses of Valsalva. A., 
subver'tebral, dorsal a. A., supe'rior, thoracic a. 
A., systemic, left aorta; in embryo, arrangement of 
vessels which afterward form aorta. A., thora'cic, 
see Aorta. 
Aortarctia, ah-or-tark'te-ah (arcto, to constrict). 
Narrowness or constriction of aorta. 
Aortectasia (ah-or-tek-tah'ze-ah) or Aortectasis, 
ah-or-tek'tas-is (aorta, ektasis, dilatation). Dilatation 
of aorta. 
Aorteurysma, ah-or-tu-riz'mah (aorta, eurus, di- 
lated). Aneurism of the aorta. By carefully aus- 
cultating over the dorsal vertebrae a bellows' sound, 
with deep and not always perceptible impulse, may 
be detected. 
Aortic, a-or'tik. Relating to aorta. A. arches, em- 
bryonic arches developing into large vessels. A. 
car'tilage, second costal cartilage over valves of aorta. 
A. curve, arch of aorta. A. fora'men, elliptical open- 
ing in the middle line posteriorly behind the dia- 
phragm, through which aorta passes with vena azygos 
major and thoracic duct. A. insuffl'ciency, imper- 
fect closure of aortic valves. A. notch, mark in 
sphygmographic tracing indicating closure of aortic 
valves. A. or'ifice, orifice between left ventricle and 
aorta. A. plex'us, plexus of sympathetic nervous 
matter around abdominal aorta. A. seg'ment, an- 
terior portion of mitral valve. A. sin'uses, sinuses 
of Valsalva. A. valves, semilunar valves at opening 
of left ventricle into the aorta. A. ven'tricle, left 
ventricle of the heart. A. ves'tibule, part of left 
ventricle of heart, in vicinity of aortic opening. 
Aortitis, ah-or-te'tis. Inflammation of aorta. 
Aortron, ah-or'tron. Lobe of the lungs. 
Aosmic, ah-os'mik (a, osme, smell). Devoid of odor. 
Aotus, ah-o'tus (a, ous, ear). Monster devoid of ears. 
Ap, as prefix in composition, see Ad and Apo. 
Apagma, ap-ag'mah (apo, ago, to remove). Sepa- 
ration, abduction. Separation of fractured bone; 
superficial fracture. 
Apagoge, ap-ag-o'ge (apo, ago, to lead). Defeca- 
tion, abduction. 
Apalachine, ap-al-ak'in-a. Ilex vomitoria. A. 
Gal'lis, Ilex vomitoria. 
Apallage (ap-al'laj-a) or Apallaxis, ap-al-lax'is 
(apallatto, to get rid of). Mutation, change; gene- 
rally, change from disease to health. 
Apalotica, ap-al-ot'ik-ah (apalotes, softness, ten- 
derness). Fortuitous lesions or deformities affecting 
soft parts. 
Apanastema, ap-an-as-ta'mah (elevation). Small 
wart-like growth on conjunctiva. 
Apanthesis (ap-an-tha'sis) or Apanthismus, ap-an- 
this'mus (apo, antheo, to flower). Obliteration of parts 
previously inservient to useful purposes, as of ductus 
venosus and ductus arteriosus of foetal existence. 
Stuprum. 
Apanthropla, ap-an-thro'pe-ah (apo, anthropos, 
man). Detestation of man; desire for solitude; may 
be a symptom of mental disease. 
Apaphrismus, ap-af-ris'mus (apo, aphros, froth). 
Despumation. 
Aparine, ap-ah-re'na. Galium aparine. A. his'- 
pida, Galium aparine. 
Aparthrosis, ap-ar-thro'sis (ap, arthroo, to articu- 
late). Diarthrosis. 
Apathy, ap'a-the (a, pathos, affection). Accidental 
suspension of moral feelings, taking place in severe 
or malignant diseases. 
80 
' APH ANOCN I DOSIS 
Apatropine, ap-at'ro-peen. A substance resulting 
from the action of fuming nitric acid upon atropia. 
Apechema, ap-ek-a'mah (apo, echo, sound). Action 
of reflecting sound; counter-fissure, counter-blow. 
Apectocephalus, ah-pek-to-sef'al-us. Acephalo- 
thorus. 
Apella, ah-pel'lah (a, pellis, skin). One whose pre- 
puce does not cover the glans; retraction or small- 
ness of any other soft appendage; one who is cir- 
cumcised. 
Apellous, ah-pel'lus (a, pellis, skin). Devoid of 
skin, circumcised. 
Apelos, ap'a-los (same etymon). Unhealed. 
Apepsia, ah-pep'se-ah (a, pepto, to digest). Dys- 
pepsia. 
Apeptic, a-pep'tik. Wanting in digestive power; 
not digesting. 
Apereuxis, ap-er-euks'is (belching). Belching up 
of wind. 
Aperiens (ap-a're-ens) or Aperient, a-pe're-ent 
(aperio, to bring forth). Laxative; medicine gently 
opening the bowels. Formerly a substance or a 
muscle supposed to have power of'opening any of the 
passages. 
Aperinous, ah-per'in-us (a, perin, scrotum). Devoid 
of scrotum. 
Aperiodic, a-pe-re-od'ik. Not periodical. 
Aperistalsis, ah-per-e-stal'sis. Absence of vermic- 
ular movement of intestines. 
Aperistaton (ah-per-is'tat-on) or Aperistatum, 
ah-per-is'tat-um (a, peristemi, to surround). Ulcer 
not dangerous nor surrounded by inflammation. 
Aperitive (ap-e'rit-iv) or Apertive, ap'ur-tiv. Ape- 
rient. 
Aperitropal, ah-per-it'ro-pal (a, peritrope, turning 
about). Growing abnormally. 
Apertor, ap-ur'tor (aperio, to open). Having power 
to open. A. oc'uli, levator palpebree superioris. 
Apertorium, ap-ur-to're-um. Instrument for dilat- 
ing os uteri during labor; speculum. 
Apertura, ap-er-tu'rah. Mouth. A. ante'rior ven- 
tric'uli ter'tii cer'ebri, vulva (cerebri). A. aquse- 
duc'tus coch'lese, opening of aqueduct of cochlea on 
temporal bone. A. chor'dse, opening internally for 
canal of chorda tympani. A. decli'vis, anus. A. 
exte'rior cana'lis inguina'lis, inguinal ring. A. 
interior cana'lis inguina'lis, see Inguinal canal. A. 
na'rium, see Nares. A. pel'vis supe'rior, see Pelvis. 
A. spina'lis, vertebral foramen. A. thora'cis, open- 
ing of thorax (upper or lower). A. uteri'na, see 
Tube, Fallopian. 
Ap'erture. Opening. See Opening, Foramen, Ring, 
etc. A., mas'toid, opening between tympanic cavity 
and mastoid cells. A., umbil'ical, opening in em- 
bryonic alimentary canal at point of union of um- 
bilical vesicle. 
Apeuthysmenon, ap-u-this'men-on (apeuthuno, to 
straighten). Rectum. 
Apex, a'peks. Point or extremity of a part, as of 
tongue, nose, etc. A. beat, see Heart. A. cor'dis, 
apex of heart. A. lin'guse, proglossis. A. mur'mur, 
murmur heard over apex of heart. A. prostat'icus, 
anterior extremity of prostate. A. pulmo'nis, apex 
of lung. 
Aph, af, as prefix, see Apo. 
Aphacia, ah-fa'se-ah. Aphakia. 
Aphse'resis or Aphaere'sia. Extirpation; hemor- 
rhage. 
Aphagia, ah-fah'je-ah (a, phago, to eat). Inability 
to swallow. 
Aphakia, ah-fak'e-ah (a, phakos, lens). Anom- 
alous refraction caused by absence of crystalline 
lens, as after operations for cataractf the remedy is 
in use of powerful convex lenses. 
Aphalangiasis, ah-fal-an-je'as-is (a, phalanx, pha- 
lanx). Stage of Oriental leprosy, recognized chiefly 
by gangrenous condition of fingers. 
Aphanisis (af-an'is-is) or Aphanismus, af-an-iz'- 
mus (want of manifestation). Fainting, unconscious- 
ness, marasmus. 
Aphanocnidosis, af-an-ok-nid-o'sis (aphanes, ob- APHASIA I 
scure, knidosis, stinging as if by nettles). Obscure or 
recurrent urticaria. 
Aphasia, ah-fas'e-ah (a, phemi, to say). Speech- 
lessness ; term almost entirely restricted to partial or 
complete speechlessness of cerebral origin. It may re- 
sult from passive congestion of the brain, from apo- 
plexy or softening of the brain from embolism, or from 
pressure of foreign growth. It may occur alone or 
be accompanied by hemiplegia, usually on right side 
of body; it has been ascribed to lesion of third 
frontal convolution of cerebrum. 
It has been proposed to assign more precise termi- 
nology for various forms of defective speech: thus, 
alogia, loss of speech from defective intellection; 
amnesia, amnesic, amnestic, or amnemonic aphasia, from 
defective memory of words; aphemia, from defect in 
special faculty of language, patient being able to think 
and write, but not to speak ; alalia, from defective ar- 
ticulation ; aphasia being restricted to those who can 
think, but cannot speak or write, while agraphia in- 
cludes those who can think and speak, but cannot 
write. A., amne'sic, amnes'tic, or amnemon'ic, see 
Aphasia. A., aneu'ral, A., ataxic. A. atac'tica, A., 
ataxic. A., atax'ic, want of power to co-ordinate 
words in articulation; seat of the lesion is the left 
third frontal convolution. A., Bro'ca's, A., ataxic. 
A., commissu'ral, want of power to connect words 
with ideas, due to lesion of commissural fibres con- 
necting brain-centres. A., conductive, A., commis- 
sural. A., functional, A. not connected with actual 
lesion of brain. A., in'sular, A. from lesion of island 
of Reil. A., motor, A., ataxic. A., sen'sory, A., am- 
nesic ; word-deafness. 
Aphasic, af-a'sic. Relating to aphasia. One af- 
fected with aphasia. 
Aphassomenos, af-as-som'en-os (aphasso, to touch 
or feel). Touching of parts of generation of female as 
means of diagnosis; see Esaphe. 
Aphedra (af'ed-rah) or Aphedron, af'ed-ron (apo, 
hedra, a seat). Anus; close stool. 
Aphedria, af-ed're-ah. Menses. 
Aphedros, af'ed-ros. Hemorrhage ; anus; close 
stool. 
Aphelxia, af-elks'e-ah (aphelko, to abstract). Volun- 
tary inactivity of the whole or part of the- external 
senses to impressions of surrounding objects. Revery, 
absent-mindedness. A. intenta, abstraction of mind. 
A. otio'sa, brown study. A. so'cors, absence of mind. 
Aphemia, ah-fe'me-ah (a, phemi, to say). Loss of 
speech; see Aphasia. 
Aphe'mic. Relating to aphemia; one affected with 
aphemia. 
Aphepsema (af-ep-sa'mah) or Aphepsis, af-ep'sis 
(aph, epso, to boil). Decoction. 
Apheresis (af-a'ra-sis) or Aphse'resis (aphaireo, to 
take away). Operation by which any part of the 
body is separated from another. Condition of ani- 
mal deprived both of faculties of mind and of mind 
itself. A. san'guinis, excessive hemorrhage. 
Aphesis, af'a-sis (relaxation). Remission. Dimi- 
nution or cessation of disease. Languor and debility 
of the lower extremities. 
Aphilanthropy, ah-fil-an'thro-pe (a, phileo, to love, 
anthropos, man). Dislike to man; love of solitude; 
first degree of melancholy. 
A'phis vasta'tor. Rhopalosiphum dianthi. 
Aphistesis, af-is-ta'sis (aph, istemi, to place). Ab- 
scess. 
Aphlegmantous, ah-fleg-man'tus (a, phlegma, in- 
flammation, mucus). Devoid of inflammation or of 
mucus. Antiphlogistic. 
Aphlogistic, a-flo-jis'tik (a, phlox, flame). Without 
inflammation. 
Aphodeuma, af-o-du'mah. Excrement; defeca- 
tion. 
Aphodus, af'o-dus (apo, hodos, away). Excrement. 
Death. 
Aphonetus, af-o-na'tus. Relating to aphonia. 
Aphonia, ah-fo'ne-ah (a, phone, voice). Aphony; 
privation of voice or of sounds that should be pro- 
duced in the glottis. When it is part of a catarrh or a 
81 
APHTH/E 
cold, it is commonly of little consequence ; when pro- 
duced by causes acting on the nervous system, as pow- 
erful emotiou, or without appreciable lesion of the vo- 
cal apparatus, laryngo-paralysis, aphonia paralytica, it 
frequently resists all remedies. Catalepsy. A. albu- 
minu'rica, A. dependent on albuminuria. A. ca- 
tarrha'lis, A. clericorum. A., cen'tric, A. from disease 
or injury of central nervous system. A. clerico'rum, 
clergymen's sore throat. A. ebrio'rum, A. of drunk- 
ards. A., glot'tic or larynge'al, A. from lesion of 
muscles of tongue or of vocal bands. A. Hippocrat'ica, 
coma. A. paralyt'ica, see Aphonia. A., peripheral, 
A. from external causes, that is, not dependent on dis- 
ease or injury of central nervous system. A. spast'ica, 
asthma thymicum, due to spasms of tensor muscles of 
larynx. A. surdo'rum, dumbness from deafness. 
Aphonic, a-fo'nic. Without voice. A. fever, form 
of fever of which loss of voice is marked symptom. 
Aphonus, ah-fo'nus. Aphonic; relating to aphonia. 
Aph'ony. Aphonia. 
Aphorama (af-o-rah'mah) or Aphorema, af-o-ra'mah 
(aphorao, to have in view). Projection or prominence 
of the eyes. 
Aphoresis, af-o-ra'sis (a, phoresis, carrying). Sepa- 
ration or removal of part by amputation or excision. 
Aphoria, af-or'e-ah (a, phero, to bear). Sterility in 
the female. 
Aphoric, af-or'ik. Sterile. 
Aphorme, af-or'ma (occasion). External and mani- 
fest cause. Occasional cause of disease. 
Aphorous, af'o-rus. Sterile. 
Aphrsenous, ah-fre'nus (a, phren, mind). Insane. 
Aphrasia, ah-frah'ze-ah («, phrazo, to tell). Want 
of ability to form phrases or express one's self in con- 
nected sentence. 
Aphrenla, ah-fren'e-ah (a, phren, mind). Dementia. 
Aphrodsescin, af-ro-de'sin (aphrodes, frothy). Glu- 
coside from ABsculus hippocastanum. 
Aphrodes, af-ro'des (aphros, foam). Term applied 
to blood and excrement. 
Aphrodisia, af-ro-diz'e-ah (Aphrodite, Venus). Ve- 
nereal desire; pudenda, coition, puberty. 
Aphrodisiac, af-ro-diz'e-ak. Medicine or food be- 
lieved to be capable of exciting to pleasures of love. 
Aphrodisiasmus, af-ro-diz-e-as'mus. Coition, ero- 
tomania, puberty. 
Aphrodisiography, af-ro-diz-e-og'ra-fe (grapho, to 
describe). Description of pleasures of love or of 
venereal diseases. 
Aphrodisius morbus, af-ro-diz'e-us mor'bus. Syph- 
ilis. 
Aphrodite, af-ro-de'te (Venus). Venereal appetite. 
Aphroditism, af'ro-dit-izm. Hermaphroditism. 
Aphrogala, af-rog'al-ah (aphros, foam, gala, milk). 
Milk rendered frothy by agitation. 
Aphronesis, ah-fro-na'sis (a, phronesis, thought). 
Madness; want of judgment. 
Aphronia, ah-fro'ne-ah (a, phren, mind). Cerebral 
apoplexy. 
Aphronitrum, af-ro-nit'rum (aphros, foam, nitron, 
nitre). Natrum, soda. 
Aphrosyne, af-ros'in-a (aphros, foolish). Delirium, 
insanity. 
Aphthse, af'tha (apto, to inflame). Thrush or sore 
mouth, White thrush, Milk thrush, Soor. Roundish, 
pearl-colored vesicles, confined to lips, mouth, and 
intestinal canal, and generally terminating in curd- 
like sloughs. Condition is also called Thrush fungus, 
Pultaceous inflammation of the mouth, and generally re- 
ceives two divisions, Mild or Discreet, and Malignant 
or Black thrush. Common thrush is of no consequence, 
requiring merely use of absorbent laxatives. The 
malignant variety is rare, of more serious character, 
and accompanied with typhoid symptoms, typhus aph- 
thoideus. Aphthte are due to a special microscopic veg- 
etable parasitic formation, O'idium albicans. Hence 
the disease was called Aphthophyton. A. adulto'- 
rum, stomatitis, aphthous. A. angino'sse, aphthae of 
the throat. A. epizob'ticse, foot-and-mouth disease. 
A. prsepu'tii, herpes praeputii. A. serpen'tes, cancer 
aquaticus. A. trop'icse, form of aphthous inflamma- APHTHAPHYTE > 
tion of mouth with catarrh of stomach and bowels, oc- 
curring in Dutch E. Indies and on coast of China. 
A. vene'reae, mucous patches. 
Aphthaphyte, af'thah-fite (aphthse, phuton, a vege- 
table). Oidium albicans, parasitic vegetable growth 
observed in aphthae. 
Aphthenxia (af-thenks'e-ah) or Aphthenxis, af- 
thenks'is (aphthenkto, speechless). Central aphasia. 
Aphthocacostomia, af-tho-kak-o-stom'e-ah (aphtho, 
kakos, bad, stoma, mouth). Aphthae of mouth. 
Aphthodes (af-tho-des) or Aphthoides (aphthse, odes). 
Aphthous-like; belonging to aphthae. 
Aphthoid, af'thoid. Like aphthae. 
Aphthongia, af-thon'ge-ah (a, phthongos, sound). 
Spasmodic aphonia, due to contraction of muscles to 
which hypoglossal nerve is distributed. 
Aphthopliyton, af-thof'it-on. Aphthophyte. 
Aphthous, af'thus. Belonging to aphthae; compli- 
cated with aphthae, as A. fever. 
Aphyllon uniflorium, ah-fil'lon u-ne-flo're-um. Can- 
cer root, square root; astringent. 
Apiastrum, ap-e-as'trum (apis, bee). Melissa; wild 
parsley. 
Apical, a'pik-al. Relating to the apex. 
Apices (ap'es-es, pl. of Apex) cor'porum caverno- 
so'rum pe'nis. See Cavernous bodies. A. cru'rum 
medulTae oblonga'tae, corpora striata. A. digito'- 
rum pu'pulse, see Apex. 
Apiin, a'pe-in. C27H22O16. White powder from Pe- 
troselinum sativum, resembling pectic acid. 
Apilepsia, ap-il-ep'se-ah (apo, lepsis, seizure). Cere- 
bral apoplexy. 
Apinoid cancer, a'pin-oid kan'sur (apines, free 
from dirt). See Napiform. 
Apiol, a'pe-ol. Parsley oil (apium, parsley, oleum, oil). 
Yellowish oily liquid, C12H14O, obtained from Apium 
petroselinum, or parsley, which has been used as an 
antiperiodic in intermittent fever, amenorrhcea, and 
dysmenorrhcea, and in night-sweats of phthisis in 
doses of 5 to 10 drops. Camphoraceous principle 
from parsley, employed as substitute for quinine. 
Apionia, ah-pe-o'ne-ah (a, pion, fat). Leanness. 
Apionta, ap-e-on'tah (apeimi, to go away). Excre- 
tions, semen. 
Apios, ah'pe-os. Apios tuberosa, Pyrus communis. 
A. tubero'sa, Groundnut, Wild bean, Sagaban. Root is 
used as food. 
Apis, ah'pis. Powdered bee, once used as diuretic. 
A'pisin. Poison of bee. 
Apium, ap'e-um. A. graveolens. A. am'mi, ainmi. 
A. ani'sum, Pimpinella anisum. A. car'vi, carum. 
A. graveo'lens, Smallage, ord. Umbelliferse. Plants, 
roots, and seeds are aperient and carminative. Celery 
is a variety. A. horten'se, A. graveolens. A. mon- 
ta'num, Athamanta aureoselinum. A. offlcina'rum, 
A. graveolens. A. paluda'pium, A. graveolens. A. 
palus'tre, A. graveolens. A. petrse'um, Bubon 
macedonicum. A. petroseli'num, Common parsley. 
Root, petroselinum, and seeds are diuretic and aperient. 
See Apiol. A. sati'vum, Petroselinum sativum. A. 
silves'tre, mint. A. si'um, Sium nodiflorum. A. 
vulga're, A. graveolens. 
Aplacental, a-pla-sen'tal. Not having placenta. 
Aplanasia, ah-plan-ah'ze-ah (a, planao, to wander). 
Absence of spherical aberration. 
Aplanatic, a-plan-at'ik. Not having any spherical 
aberration. A. lens, rectilinear lens, corrected for 
aberration. A. search'er, lenses so arranged in a 
microscope as to correct aberration. 
Aplanatism, a-plan'a-tizm. Absence of spherical 
aberration. 
Aplasia, ah-plaz'e-ah (a, plasis, formation). Defec- 
tive development or nutrition ; congenital atrophy. 
Aplastic, a-plas'tik (a, plasso, to form). Not capa- 
ble of forming; not organizable; structureless. A. 
el'ement, one unsusceptible of further organization. 
A. lymph, material not coagulable or organizable, 
a product of disease or inflammation. 
Apleuria, ah-plu're-ah. See Apleuros. 
Apleuros, ah-plu'ros (a, pleuron, a rib). One with- 
out ribs or pleurse. The condition is Apleu'ria. 
82 
I APOCOPUS 
Aplotomy, a-plot'om-e (aploos, simple, tome, in- 
cision). Simple incision. 
Aplysia, ap-liz'e-ah. Want of cleanliness. 
Apneology, ap-ne-ol'o-je. Apnaeology. 
Apneumatic, a-nu-mat'ik (a, pneuma, air). With- 
out air. 
Apneumatosis, ah-nu-ma-to'sis (a, pneumatoo, to 
distend with wind). Absence or deficiency of in- 
flation of lungs; see Atelectasis. 
Apneumia, ah-nu'me-ah (a, pneumon, lung). Mon- 
strosity in which there is absence of lungs. 
Apneumonervia (ah-nu-mo-ner've-ah) or Apneumo- 
neu'ria (a, pneumon, lung, neuron, nerve). Want of 
nervous action in the lungs. 
Apneustia, a-news'te-ah. Apnoea, asphyxia. 
Apneustus, a-news'tus. Apnus. 
Apnoea, ap-ne'ah (a, pneo, to respire). Absence of 
respiration or insensible respiration. Cessation of 
breathing from non-excitation of respiratory nerve- 
centre. Orthopnoea, asphyxia. A., car'diac, apnoea 
from heart disease, angina pectoris. A. infan'tum, 
asthma thymicum. A. neonato'rum, see Asphyxia. 
Apnceasphyxia, ap-ne-as-fiks'e-a. Asphyxia. 
Apnoeic, ap-ne'ik. Apnus. 
Ap'nus (a, pneo, to breathe). One devoid of respira- 
tion. Applied to cases in which respiration is so 
slight and slow that it seems suspended. 
Apo, ap'o. Apo as a prefix denotes from, of, off, out, 
out of. 
Apoacon'itine. Alkaloid derived from aconitine 
by dehydration. C33H41NO11. It closely resembles 
aconitine. 
Apoatropine, ap-o-at'ro-peen. Derived from atro- 
pine by action of nitric acid, ammonia, and chloroform. 
Apobiosis, ap-o-be-o'sis (apo, bios, life). Death. 
Apoblema, ap-o-bla'mah (apo, ballo, to cast off). 
Abortion ; product of abortion. 
Apobole, ap-ob'o-la (same etymon). Abortion. 
Apobrasma, ap-o-bras'mah (apo, brasso, to win- 
now). Bran. 
Apobrochismus, ap-o-bro-kiz'mus (apo, brochizo, to 
strangle). Ligation. 
Apocapnismus, ap-o-kap-niz'mus (apo, kapnos, 
smoke). Fumigation. 
Apocatastasis, ap-o-kat-as'tas-is (apo, kathistemi, to 
re-establish). Restoration; cessation; subsidence. 
Apocatharsis, ap-o-kath-ar'sis (apo, kathairo, to 
purge). Catharsis. 
Apocathartic, ap-o-kath-ar'tik. Cathartic. 
Apocaulesis (ap-o-kaw-la'sis) or Apocaulisis, ap-o- 
kawl'is-is (breaking off). Transverse fracture; am- 
putation, as of the penis. 
Apocenosis, ap-o-sen-o'sis (apo, kenosis, evacuation). 
Morbid flux; partial evacuation or discharge. A. 
diabe'tes melli'tus, diabetes. A. ptyalis'mus mel- 
li'tus, see Salivation. A. vom'itus pyro'sis, pyrosis. 
Apocenotic, ap-o-se-not'ik (apo, kenoo, to evacuate). 
Producing increased evacuation. 
Apochore'ma (apochoreo, to pass off). Excretion. 
Apochoreon, ap-o-ko'ra-on. Excrement. 
Apochremma, ap-o-krem'mah (apo, chremma, spit). 
Sputum. 
Apochrempsis, ap-o-kremp'sis. Exspuition. 
Apochroeosis, ap-o-kre-o'sis (apo, chroma, color). 
Destruction of color; blanching. 
Apochromatic, ap-o-kro-mat'ik (apo, chroma, color). 
Producing image devoid of color; as lens, so called, 
with high correction of aberrations. 
Apochylismus (ap-o-ki-liz'mus) or Apochylisma, 
ap-o-ki-liz'mah (apo, chulos, juice). Expression of 
juices of vegetables. 
Apoch'ysis. Cataract. 
Apoclasma, ap-o-klas'mah (apo, klao, to break). 
Abduction; separation of fragments of bone. 
Apocleisis, ap-o-kli'sis (apokleio, to shut out). Dis- 
gust; want of appetite. 
Apocodeia, ap-o-ko-di'ah. See Codeia. 
Apocope, ap-ok'o-pa (apo, kope, act of cutting). 
Abscission; wound with loss of substance; fracture 
with loss of part of bone; amputation. 
Apocopus, ap-ok'o-pus (same etymon). Castrated. APOCRISIS 
Apocrisis, ap-ok'ris-is (apokrino, to separate). Con- 
tagion, excrement, secretion, or evacuation. 
Apocroustic, ap-o-krous'tik (apo, krouo, to push). 
Astringent, repellent, refrigerant. 
Apocrustic, ap-o-krus'tik. Apocroustic. 
Apocyesis, ap-o-se-a'sis (apo, kueo, to be pregnant). 
Parturition. 
Apocyn, ap'o-sin. See Apocynum cannalrinum. 
Apocynein, ap-o-sin'e-in. Glucoside from apocynum. 
Apocynin, ap-os'in-in. Amorphous resinous sub- 
stance derived from apocynum, like digitalin in its 
properties. 
Apocynum andros semifolium, ap-ok'sin-um an-dro- 
se-me-fo'le-um (Apocynum, Ph. U. S.) (apo, and kuonj 
a dog, because esteemed of old to be fatal to dogs). 
Dog's bane, Bitter dog's bane, Milkweed, Bitter root, 
Honeybloom, Catchfly, Flytrap, American Ipecac, ord. 
Apocynacese. Root of this American plant is emeto- 
cathartic, diuretic, and diaphoretic. A. cannab'inum, 
popularly called Indian hemp, Canadian hemp. Root 
of this American plant is emetic, cathartic, diaphor- 
etic, and diuretic; given in dropsy. Two principles, 
Apocynin and Apocynein, have been extracted from it. 
A. hypericefo'lium, variety of A. cannabinum which, 
as well as A. androssemifolium, abounds in milky 
juice, which, when applied to the skin, produces 
troublesome eruption resembling flea-bites. A. no'vse 
Ang'lise hirsu'tum, Asclepias tuberosa. A. orange, 
Asclepias tuberosa. A. scan'dens, Allamanda. A. 
Vene'tum, plant of S. Eusope; root is emeto-cathar- 
tic. 
Apodacrytic, ap-o-dak-rit'ik (apo, dakruo, to weep). 
Occasioning flow of tears, and then arresting them. 
Apodal, ah'pod-al (a, pous, foot). Without feet. 
Apodemialgia, ap-o-dem-e-al'je-ah (apodemia, jour- 
ney, algos, pain). Nostalgia or home-sickness, or the 
opposite desire to leave one's country. 
Apodia, ap-od'e-ah (a, pous, a foot). Absence of 
feet; hence A'pous or A'pus, one who has no feet. 
Apodicinchonine, ap-o-de-sink'o-neen. Alkaloid 
from cinchonine and cinchonidine. 
Apodipo'sis. Steatosis. 
Apodiquinidine, ap-o-di-quin'id-een. Diquinicine. 
Apodosis, ap-od'o-sis (return). Passage from one 
part to another, as of the intestines. 
Apodous, ap'o-dus (a, pous, foot). Devoid of feet. 
Apodyterium, ap-o-dit-a're-um (apoduo, to strip off). 
Anteroom where bathers stripped themselves in an- 
cient gymnasia. 
Apogalactismus, ap-o-gal-ak-tiz'mus (apo, gala, 
milk). Weaning. 
Apogalaktos, ap-o-gal-ak'tos. Child that has been 
weaned. ' 
Apogeusis (ap-o-goo'sis) or Apogeustia, ap-o-goos'- 
te-ah (apo, geusis, taste). Loss, absence, or defect in 
sense of taste. 
Apoglauco'sis. Glaucosis. 
Apogon, ap-o'gon (a,pogon, beard). Beardless. 
Apogonum, ap-og'o-num (apo, ginomai, to exist). 
Living foetus in utero. 
Apohyal, ap-o-hi'al. Relating to the anterior cor- 
nua of the hyoid; earliest formation of styloid cornua 
of hyoid. 
Apokenotic, ap-o-ken-ot'ik (apo,kenoo, to evacuate). 
Producing increased evacuation, whatever may be the 
means employed. 
Ap'olar. Without pole or process. See Neurine. 
Apolepisis (ap-o-lep'i-sis) or Apolepis'mus (apo, 
lepis, a scale). Desquamation. 
Apolepsis (ap-o-lep'sis) or Apolep'sia (apolambano, 
to retain). Retention, cessation, suppression; as- 
phyxia, aphonia, epilepsy. 
Apolexis, ap-o-leks'is (apolego, to cease). Old age; 
decrepitude. 
Apolino'sis, ap-ol-in-o'sis (apo, linon, flaxen thread). 
Mode of operating for fistula in ano by thread or 
ligature. 
Apolipsis, ap-o-lip'sis. Apolepsis. 
Apollinaris, ap-ol-lin-ah'ris. Agreeable effervescing 
water from mineral springs in Prussia. A. alter'- 
cum, hyoscyamus. 
83 
: APONEUROSIS 
Apolysia (ap-o-liz'e-ah) or Apol'ysis (apoluo, to 
loosen). Solution, relaxation. Debility of limbs. 
Looseness of bandages. Expulsion of foetus and de- 
pendencies. Termination of disease. 
Apomag'ma. Cathartic. 
Apomathema (ap-o-math-a'mah) or Apomathe'sis 
(apo, manthano, to learn). Forgetfulness. 
Apomeli, ap-om'a-le (apo, meli, honey). Oxymel or 
decoction made of honey. 
Apomenia, ap-o-ma'ne-ah (apo, menia, menses). Vi- 
carious menstruation. 
Apomorphia (ap-o-mor'fe-ah) or Apomorphine, ap- 
o-mor'feen. C17H17O2N. Alkaloid prepared by action 
of strong solution of hydrochloric acid, at high tem- 
perature, upon morphia, or by treating morphia with 
solution of chloride of zinc at 120° C. Apomorphinse 
hydrochloras (Ph. U.S. and Br.), CnHnNOajHCl, chlo- 
ride or hydrochlorate of apomorphia, the salt gener- 
ally used, is a white, crystalline, soluble powder; direct 
emetic in dose of gr. ; expectorant in doses of gr. 
It is also administered hypodermically. 
Apomorphinse (ap-o-mor-fe'ne) chlor'idum or mu'- 
rias. See Apomorphia. 
Apomorphinum, ap-o-morf-e'num. Apomorphine. 
A. hydrochlor'icum, apomorphine chloride. 
Apomyeline, ap-o-mi'el-een (apo, muelos, brain). Or- 
ganic principle, C54H109N2PO9, obtained from brain 
of man. 
Apomylenas, ap-o-mil-e'nas (apomullaino, to make a 
wry mouth). One who pushes his lips forward, 
pressing them against each other; occasionally symp- 
tom of nervous fever. 
Apomythosis (ap-o-mith-o'sis) or Apomyttosis, ap 
o-mit-to'sis (apomusso, to snore). Disease in which 
there is stertor. 
Aponeurog'raphy (aponeurosis, graphe, description). 
Description of aponeuroses. 
Aponeurology (ap-o-nu-rol'o-je) or Aponeurosiol'- 
ogy (aponeurosis, logos, discourse). Anatomy of apo- 
neuroses. Description of fasciae. 
Aponeurosis (ap-o-nu-ro'sis) or Aponevro'sis (apo, 
neuron, nerve). The ancients called every white part 
neuron, and regarded an aponeurosis as a nervous ex- 
pansion. Aponeuroses are white, shining membranes, 
very resisting, and composed of fibres interlaced. 
Some are continuous with muscular fibres, and differ 
only from tendons by their flat form. They are called 
Aponeuroses of insertion when at extremity of muscles 
attaching them to bone; Aponeuroses of intersection 
if they interrupt continuity of muscle and are con- 
tinuous on both sides with muscular fibres. Others, 
surrounding the muscle and preventing its displace- 
ment, are called enveloping Aponeuroses. A. of invest- 
ment are such as belong to the distribution of fascia 
on a part or limb. A. of origin are septa between 
muscles from which fibres come off. A., abdom'inal, 
abdominal fascia. A., an'al, anal fascia. A., anti- 
brach'ial, A. of arm continued on forearm. A. bicip'- 
itis, fascia of biceps. A., brach'ial, A. surrounding 
muscles of arm. A., cer'vical, fascia of neck; cervical 
fascia. A., coro'nal, galea aponeurotica capitis. A. 
cra'nii, aponeurosis of skull. A., cru'ral or cru'ris, 
fascia lata. A., del'toid, continuation of brachial a. 
over deltoid muscle. A. of di'aphragm, central ten- 
don of diaphragm. A. dorsa'lis, dorsal fascia or apo- 
neurosis. A., epicra'nial, see Galea aponeurotica capitis. 
A. of external oblique muscle, fibrous expansion of 
this muscle, forming Poupart's and Gimbardt's liga- 
ments. A., femor'al, fascia lata. A. of fore'arm, A., 
antibrachial. A., 11'iac, iliac fascia. A. of inter'nal 
oblique mus'cle, fibrous expansion of this muscle. A., 
interspi'nous, see Interspinous. A. of leg, A. of calf 
of leg. A. lumba'ris, lumbar fascia. A., occip'ito- 
fron'tal, A., epicranial. A. or'bito-ocula'ris, fascia 
separating orbital fat from middle and posterior por- 
tions of eyeball. A., pal'mar, fascia of palm of hand. 
A., pel'vic, pelvic fascia. A., perine'al, perineal fascia. 
A. of pharynx, see Pharyngeal aponeurosis. A., plan'- 
tar, plantar fascia. A. tempora'lis, temporal fascia. 
A, of ver'tebrse, see Vertebral aponeurosis. A., verte- 
bra'lis, lumbar fascia. A. vola'ris, palmar fascia. APON EUROSITIS ! 
Aponeurositis, ap-on-u-ro-se'tis. Inflammation of 
aponeurosis. 
Aponeurotic, ap-on-u-rot'ik. Relating to aponeu- 
rosis, as expansion. 
Aponeurotome, ap-on-u'ro-tome (aponeurosis, tome, 
incision). Instrument, as bistoury, for dividing apon- 
eurosis, as of the abdomen. 
Aponeurotomy, ap-on-u-rot'o-me (aponeurosis, tome, 
incision). Anatomy or dissection or division of apon- 
eurosis. 
Aponevrosis, ap-o-nev-ro'sis. Aponeurosis. 
Aponia, ap-on'e-ah (a, ponos, pain). Freedom from 
pain. 
Aponipsis, ap-o-nip'sis (apo, nipto, to wash). Ablu- 
tion. 
Aponous, ap'on-us (a, ponos, pain). Free from pain; 
not causing pain. 
Apopallesis (ap-o-pal-la'sis) or Apopal'sis (apop allo, 
to throw off). Expulsion; protrusion; abortion. 
Apopartheneusis, ap-o-par-then-u'sis. Defloration. 
Apopatema, ap-o-pat-a'mah {apo, patos, dirt). Ex- 
crement. 
Apophlegmatic, ap-o-fleg-mat'ik {apo, phlegma, mu- 
cus). Producing discharge of phlegm. 
Apophlegmatisant, ap-o-fleg-mat'iz-ant. Apo- 
phlegmatic ; medicine facilitating upward expulsion 
of mucus from the digestive or air passages, as 
gargle, errhine, sialagogue, etc. 
Apophlegmatism, ap-o-fleg'mat-izm. Action of 
apophlegmatisants. 
Apophrades, ap-of'rah-des {apophras, unlucky). 
Epithet applied to days on which favorable change 
is not expected to occur in disease. 
Apophraxis, ap-o-fraks'is (apophrasso, to obstruct). 
Amenorrhcea. 
Apophtharma, ap-o-thar'mah {apo, phtheiro, to cor- 
rupt). Abortion; medicine to procure abortion; 
aborted foetus. 
Apophthora, ap-of'tho-rah. Miscarriage; abortion. 
Apophthorus, ap-of'tho-rus. Abortifacient. 
Apophyas, ap-of'e-as {apo, phuo, to spring). Rami- 
fication of vein or artery. 
Apophysar (ap-of'is-ar) or Apophyseal, ap-of-iz' 
e-al. Relating or appertaining to apophysis. 
Apophysis, ap-of'is-is (apo, phuo, to rise). Appendix, 
process of bone. When the apophysis is yet separated 
from body of bone by intervening cartilage, it is called 
Epiphysis. Apophyses or processes are at times dis- 
tinguished by epithets expressive of their form, as 
coracoid, styloid, etc.; others are called trochanter, 
tuberosity, etc. A., acro'mial, acromion. A., anz- 
cyroid, coracoid process. A., artic'ular, articular 
process. A., has'ilar, basilar process. A., cli'noid, 
clinoid process. A., cor'acoid, coracoid process. A., 
ensiform, ensiform process. A., false, epiphyses. 
A. gra'cilis, processus gracilis of malleus. A. of In- 
gras'sias, lesser ala of sphenoid bone. A. lenticu- 
la'ris, orbicular process of incus. A., mal'ar, malar 
process. A. mamilla'ris, olfactory bulb. A., mas'- 
toid or maxilla'ris, mastoid process. A., odon'toid, 
odontoid process. A., pter'ygoid, pterygoid process. 
A. Ravia'na, processus gracilis of malleus. A., sphe- 
noid'al, sphenoidal process of nasal bone. A., sty'- 
lold, styloid process. A., trans'verse, transverse 
process. A., vagi'nal, vaginal process. A., zygo- 
mat'ic, zygomatic process. 
Apopiesma, ap-o-pe-ez'mah (apopiezo, to compress). 
Fancied expression of humors by application of 
bandages. 
Apoplanesis (ap-o-plan-a'sis) or Apoplan'ia (apo, 
planao, to lead astray). Deviation of fluids into 
vessels or location not intended for them. 
Apoplec'ta. Internal jugular vein. 
Apoplectic, ap - o - plek' tik (apoplektos, thunder- 
struck). Relating to apoplexy; individual laboring 
under apoplexy; remedy in apoplexy. Term applied 
to constitution or temperament, Architectura apoplec- 
tica, Habitus apoplecticus or quadratus or torosus, predis- 
posing to it or to symptoms characterizing apoplexy, 
as A. sleep or A. stroke. Jugular veins have been 
called apoplectic veins, Venae apoplecticae. A. cell, 
84 
APOPLEXY 
cavity remaining in encephalon after effusion of 
blood and subsequent absorption. A. congestion 
of the brain, usually a form of epilepsy, sudden in 
its attack, and with passing slight apoplectic symp- 
toms. A. cyst, cyst around blood-clots after hemor- 
rhage in the brain. A. fo'cus, point of greatest collec- 
tion of blood in hemorrhage of internal organs. 
Apoplectiform (ap-o-plek'te-form) or Apoplectoid, 
ap-o-plek'toid (apoplexia, forma, form). Resembling 
apoplexy. A. deaf 'ness, Meniere's disease. 
Apoplectig'enous (apoplexia, gennao, to produce). 
Producing apoplexy. 
Apoplexia, ap-o-pleks'e-ah. Apoplexy. A. bilio'sa, 
apoplexy from presence of bile in the brain. A, 
capilla'ris, capillary apoplexy. A. catalep'sia or 
catalep'tica, catalepsia. A. cerebra'lis or cer'ebri, 
see Apoplexy. A. choroi'dea, see Choroid. A. cor'dis, 
haemocardiorrhagia. A. epilep'tica, apoplexy, epi- 
leptic. A. for'tis, sudden and violent apoplexy. A. 
ful'minans, apoplexy, fulminant. A. hsemorrhag'ica, 
apoplexy. A. hepat'ica, hepatorrhagia. A. hydro- 
cephal'ica, hydrocephalus internus. A. interarach- 
noldea'lis, apoplexy, meningeal. A. intermeninge- 
a'lis, apoplexy, meningeal. A. intestina'lis neo- 
nato'rum, metena neonatorum. A. lactea, apoplexy, 
milk. A. medulla'ris or medul'lse spinaTis, apo- 
plexia myelitica. A. meningse'a or meningea'lis, 
apoplexy, meningeal. A. mephit'ica, apoplexy, me- 
phitic. A. myelit'ica, hemorrhage into spinal mar- 
row; spinal apoplexy. A. neonato'rum, meningeal 
apoplexy of new-born; asphyxia neonatorum. A. 
nervo'sa, nervous apoplexy. A. nervo'sa traumat'- 
ica, concussion of the brain. A. oc'uli, haemophthal- 
mia. A. pitulto'sa, serous apoplexy. A. placen'tse, 
apoplexy, placental. A. puerpera'rum, fever, vitular. 
A. pulmona'lis or pulmo'num, apoplexy, pulmonary; 
see Haemoptysis. A. rachia'lis, A. myelitica. A. 
rena'lis, apoplexy, renal. A. ret'inae, apoplexy, reti- 
nal. A. sanguin'ea, see Apoplexy. A. sero'sa, serous 
apoplexy. A. sim'plex, nervous apoplexy. A. spas- 
mod'ica, nervous apoplexy. A. spina'lis, A. myelitica. 
A. suspirio'sa, apoplexy with sighing respiration. A. 
temulen'ta, see Temulentia. A., tex'tus cellulo'si, 
hemorrhage into connective tissue. A. traumat'ica, 
hemorrhage from injury. A. tuba'rum, hemorrhage 
of Fallopian tubes. A. vaporo'sa, apoplexy, hysterical. 
A. venena'ta, apoplexy from poisoning. A. ve'ra, 
apoplexy, sanguineous. A. vermino'sa, apoplexy from 
worms. 
Apoplexy, ap'o-pleks-e (apoplesso, to strike with 
violence). Interstitial hemorrhage, effusion of blood 
occurring suddenly into substance of an organ or tis- 
sue, as the brain, lung, etc. Apoplexy and cerebral 
hemorrhage were formerly considered synonymous, 
under the names Cerebral apoplexy or Hemorrhage, and 
Sanguineous apoplexy, characterized by diminution or 
loss of sensation and mental manifestation, by cessa- 
tion, more or less complete, of motion, and by comatose 
state, circulation and respiration continuing. It 
generally consists in pressure upon the brain, either 
from turgescence of vessels or extravasation of blood, 
Hxmencephalus. Cerebral apoplexy may occur, how- 
ever, without intracranial extravasation, although 
there is usually disease of the cerebral blood-vessels; 
and cerebral hemorrhage may not be attended with 
apoplectiform phenomena. Apoplexy rather denotes 
a comatose condition resulting from pressure on the 
brain, from any cause tending to produce cerebral 
congestion, such as immoderate use of stimulants, 
degeneration of nervous and vascular structures, val- 
vular disease of the heart, etc. Congestive apoplexy 
implies hypersemia of the brain or its membranes. The 
general prognosis is unfavorable, especially when apo- 
plexy occurs after the age of 35. When accompanied 
with hard, full pulse and flushed countenance, it is 
called Sanguineous apoplexy; when with feeble pulse 
and pale countenance and evidences of serous effu- 
sion, Serous apoplexy. Embolic apoplexy, apoplecti- 
form cerebral embolism, results from plugging up of 
the cerebral vessels with embolia, an anemic condi- 
tion of the brain resulting from insufficient blood-sup- APOPLEXY 1 
ply. In nervous apoplexy, simple apoplexy, no lesion 
whatever may be perceptible on dissection, although 
the patient may have died under characteristic phe- 
nomena of apoplexy. 
Ap'oplexy, amphibles'troid, A., retinal. A., arte'- 
rial, A. from rupture of an artery. A., arthritic, A. 
from gout or rheumatism. A., asthenic, A. from de- 
bility. A., bul'bar, A. of medulla oblongata. A.,cap'- 
illary, rupture of capillary vessels, with effusion. A., 
car'dial, A. of heart, from extravasation of blood 
into the heart-cavities. A., cer'ebral, see Apoplexy. 
A., cho'roid or choroid'al, hemorrhage into the 
choroid coat of the eye. A., conges'tive, see Apoplexy. 
A., consec'utive, A. from suppression of usual hemor- 
rhage or evacuation. A., cuta'neous, hemorrhage of 
the surface of the body, purpura haemorrhagica. A., 
embol'ic, see Apoplexy and Embolism. A., enton'ic, 
apoplexia fortis. A., epilep'tic, coma and epilepti- 
form phenomena from brain disease. A., essen'tial, 
see Apoplexy. A.., ful'minant, A. occurring suddenly 
and of very violent character. A., gout'y, A., arthrit- 
ic, A., cerebral. A. of heart, cardiohtemorrhagia. A., 
heat, sunstroke. A., hemorrha'gic, A., sanguineous; 
see Apoplexy. A., hepatic, hemorrhage into substance 
of liver. A., hydrocephalic, coma due to hydroceph- 
alus. A., idiopathic, A. from effusion into the brain. 
A., interlob'ular, hemorrhage between lobes of the 
lung. A., intrameninge'al, see Intrameningeal. A. of 
liv'er, A., hepatic; see Liver, apoplexy of. A., menin- 
ge'al, hemorrhage from meninges of brain or spinal 
marrow, generally into great cavity of arachnoid, but 
not into substance of either. A., mephitic, A. from 
inhalation of noxious vapors. A., metastatic, A. 
from metastasis, as in gout or rheumatism. A., milk, 
A. due to metastasis of milk. A., mus'cular, hemor- 
rhage into muscular tissue. A., narcotic, A. from 
narcotic poisoning. A., ner'vous, anaemia of the brain; 
see Apoplexy. A., ova'rian, see Hsematocele,pelvic. A., 
pancreatic, hemorrhage into the pancreas or in 
pancreatic region. A., partu'rient, fever, vitular. 
A., pas'sive, A., asthenic. A., pitultous, A., serous; 
see Apoplexy. A., placen'tal, hemorrhage into the 
placenta. A., puer'peral, fever, vitular. A., pul'- 
monary, haemoptysis; hemorrhage from capillaries 
of the lungs into cells, tubes, tissues, etc. A., re'nal, 
effusion of blood into substance of kidney. A., 
retinal, retinitis apoplectica. A., rheumatic, 
rheumatism, cerebral. A., sanguin'eous, see Apo- 
plexy. A., se'rous, see Apoplexy. A., sim'ple, A., 
nervous. A., spi'nal, apoplexia myelitica. A., 
sple'nic, hemorrhage of spleen; splenic fever; see 
Anthrax. A., subconjuncti'val, hemorrhage beneath 
conjunctiva. A., thun'dering, intense and rapidly 
.fatal form of apoplexy. A., toxic, A., narcotic, A., 
mephitic. A., traumatic, A. from injury. A., 
u'terine, hemorrhage into structure of uterus. A., 
velious, hemorrhage from venous congestion. A., 
verminous, A. due to presence of worms in intes- 
tines. A., vit'ular, fever, vitular. 
Apopneusis, ap-o-nu'sis (apo, pneo, to breathe). 
Exhalation, expiration. 
Apopnixis, ap-o-niks'is (apo, pnigo, to strangle). 
Suffocation. 
Apopnoe (ap-o-no'e) or Apopncea, ap-o-ne'ah (apo, 
pneo, to breathe). Expiration. 
Apopsychia, ap-o-sik'e-ah (apo, psuche, breath of 
life). Syncope. 
Apopsyxia (ap-o-siks'e-ah) or Apopsyxis, ap-o- 
siks'is. Exhalation, refrigeration; syncope, death. 
Apoptosis, ap-op-to'sis (apopipto, to fall down). 
Relaxation of bandages or ligaments. 
Apoquinamine, ap-o-kwi'nam-een. Amorphous al- 
kaloid from boiling quinamine or quinamidine with 
hydrochloric acid; isomeric with homocinchonine. 
Aporetin, ap-o-ret'in (apo, rhetine, resin). Resinous 
material obtained from rhubarb. 
Aporia, ap-o're-ah (aporos, without exit). Malaise. 
Difficulty of diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment. 
Aporrhinosis, ap-or-rhin'o-sis (apo, rhis, nose). Dis- 
charge from the nose. 
Aporrhoe (ap-or'rho-a), Aporrhoea (ap-or-rhe'ah), or 
85 
APOSTOLI'S METHOD 
Aporrhysis, ap-or'rhis-is (aporrheo, to flow from). 
Emanation, effluvium, contagion. Falling off of hair; 
alopecia. 
Aposcemma, apo-skem'mah (aposkepto, to lie down, 
to direct one's self forward). Afflux of fluids toward a 
part. Metastasis. Excrement. 
Aposcenosis, ap-o-sen-o'sis. Apocenosis. 
Aposceparnisis (ap-o-se-par'nis-is) or Aposcepar- 
nismus, ap-o-se-par-nis'mus (apo, skeparnon, hatchet). 
Wound of cranium by cutting instrument, in which a 
piece of bone has been cut out. 
Aposcepsis, ap-o-sep'sis. Aposcemma. 
Aposchasis (ap-os'kas-is) or Aposchas'mus (apos- 
chazo, to scarify). Scarification; slight superficial in- 
cision ; bloodletting. 
Aposcythisis, ap-o-sith'is-is (aposkuthizo, to scalp). 
Removal of scalp. 
Aposepedine, ap-o-sep'ed-een (apo, sepedon, putrefac- 
tion). Impure leucine, a result of putrefaction of 
protein substances. 
Aposepsia (ap-o-sep'se-ah) or Aposepsis, ap-o-sep'sis 
(apo, sepsis, putrefaction). Putrefaction. 
Aposia, ap-os'e-ah (a, posts, drink). Absence of 
desire for liquids. 
Apositia, ap-o-sish'e-ah (apos, sitos, food). Aversion 
for food ; loss of appetite. 
Apositic, ap-o-sit'ik (same etymon). Destroying 
appetite or suspending hunger. 
Apospasmus, ap-o-spaz'mus (apospao, to tear or 
lacerate). Solution of continuity, especially of liga- 
ments. 
Apospastic, ap-o-spas'tik. Derivative. Counter- 
irritant. Pulling apart. 
Aposphacelisis (ap-o-sfas-el'is-is) or Aposphacel- 
ismus, ap-o-sfas-el-iz'mus (apo, sphakelos, mortifica- 
tion). Gangrene in wounds and fractures, owing to 
tight bandages. 
Aposphinxis, ap-o-sfinks'is (constriction, compres- 
sion). Action of tight bandage. 
Apospongismus, ap-o-spon-jis'mus. Act of spong- 
ing. 
Apostagma (ap-o-stag'mah) or Apostalagma, ap-o- 
stal-ag'mah (apo, stalazo, to drop). Saccharine 
liquor flowing from grapes when not yet pressed. 
Errant or wandering abscess. 
Apostasia (ap-o-stah'ze-ah) or Apostasis (apo, 
istemi, to stop). Separation of fragments of bone. 
Removal of disease by abscess or secretion. Meta- 
stasis. 
Apostaxis, ap-os-taks'is (apostazo, to distil from). 
Defluxion of any humor, as of blood from the nose. 
Apostem (ap-os'tem) or Apostema, ap-os-ta'mah 
(aphistemi, to recede from). Affection in which parts, 
previously in contact, are separated by fluid collected 
between them; abscess; watery tumor; tumor in 
general. A. cer'ebri, suppuration of the brain. A. 
empye'ma, empyema. A. paru'lis, parulis. A. pha- 
lan'gum, small abscesses on the fingers of working- 
people. A. psoatlcum, lumbar abscess. A. vento'- 
sum, subcutaneous emphysema. 
Aposte'ma. Apostem. 
Apostematic, ap-os-tem-at'ik. Relating to abscess; 
disposed to suppurate. 
Apostemation (ap-os-te-ma'shun) or Apostematium, 
ap-os-te-mah'she-um. Small abscess; formation of ab- 
scess. 
Apostematoid, ap-o-stem'at-oid (apostema, abscess, 
eidos, resemblance). Resembling an abscess. 
Apostematophthisis, ap-o-stem-at-o-te'sis. Phthisis 
due to suppuration. 
Apostematous, ap-o-stem'at-us. Apostematic. 
Aposterigma, ap-o-ster-ig'mah (aposterizo, to sup- 
port). Anything supporting a diseased part, as cushion, 
pillow, etc. Deep-seated and inveterate disease of the 
intestines. 
Aposthia, ap-os'the-ah (a, posthe, prepuce). Want 
of prepuce. 
Aposthume, ap-os'thewm. Abscess, apostema. 
Apostoli's method. Treatment of uterine fibroids 
by electricity with one pole over the abdomen, the 
other over the uterus. APOSTROPHE i 
Apostrophe, ap-os'tro-fa (apo, strepho, to turn). Aver- 
sion or disgust for food ; direction of humors toward 
other parts. 
Apostume, ap-os'toom. Abscess. 
Aposyringesis, ap-o-sir-in-ja'sis (aposuringousthai, 
to end in a fistula). Conversion into a fistula; labor. 
Aposyringo'sis (apo, surinx, fistula). Formation 
of fistula. 
Aposyrma, ap-o-sur'mah (apo, suro, to tear). Abra- 
sion, desquamation. 
Apotelesma, ap-o-tel-ez'mah (apo, telesma, com- 
pletion). Result or termination of disease; amulet. 
Apotexis, ap-o-teks'is. Wasting away; phthisis. 
Apothanasia, ap-o-than-ah'ze-ah (apo, thanatos, 
death). Positive cessation of life. 
Apotheca, ap-o-tha'kah (apo, tithemi, to place). 
Place where things are kept, and therefore a shop; 
hence, place or vessel wherein medicines are kept; 
apothecary shop. 
Apoth'ecaries' weight. See Weights and Measures. 
Apothecary, a-poth'e-ka-re. Pharmaceutist, phar- 
macist, druggist. In every country except Great 
Britain apothecary means one who sells drugs, 
makes up prescriptions, etc., a chemist; in addition to 
these offices, which, indeed, they rarely exercise, 
except in the case of their own patients, the apoth- 
ecaries in England form a privileged class of prac- 
titioners-a kind of sub-physician. See Surgeon- 
apothecary. 
Apotheme, ap'o-theme. A deposit which forms 
when an extract is redissolved in water, or when 
vegetable solutions are boiled with access of air. 
Apotherapeia (ap-o-ther-ap-i'ah), Apotherapia, 
or Apotherapeusis, ap-o-ther-ah-pew'sis (apo, ther- 
apeuo, to cure). Perfect cure; in ancient gymnastics 
friction, inunction, and bathing to obviate fatigue or 
cure disease. 
Apothesis, ap-oth'es-is (apotithemi, to put up). Giv- 
ing proper position to fractured limb after reduc- 
tion. 
Apothlimma, ap-o-thlim'mah (apo, thlibo, to press 
from). Dregs or expressed juice of plants. 
Apothrausis, ap-o-thrau'sis (apothrauo, to break). 
Fracture of bone, with spicula remaining; extraction 
of spiculum of bone; abscission. 
Apothrausma, ap-o-thraus'mah. Fragment of bone. 
Apothymia, ap-o-thim'e-ah (apo, thumos, desire). 
Aversion. 
Apotilmus, ap-o-til'mus (apo, tillo, to pluck). 
Evulsion. 
Apotocus, ap-ot'o-kus (apo, tohao, to bring forth). 
Abortive. 
Apotome (ap-ot'o-ma) or Apotomia, ap-o-tom'e-ah 
(apo, tome, incision). Amputation. 
Apotrepsis, "ap-o-trep'sis (apotrepo, to turn back). 
Resolution of inflammation or swelling. 
Apotrip'sis (apo, tribo, to rub off), Abrasion. 
Apotropaeum, ap-o-tro-pe'um (apo, trepo, to turn). 
Amulet. 
Apotrope, ap-ot'ro-pa (apo, trepo, to turn). Devia- 
tion, as of a limb; aversion. 
Apoxysis (ap-oks'is-is) or Apoxysmus, ap-oks-iz'mus 
(apo, xuo, to rasp). Abrasion. 
Apozem (ap'o-zem), Apozema (ap-o-za'mah), or Ap- 
ozesis, ap-oz-a'sis (apo, eeo, to boil), Decoction. 
Apozeusis, ap-o-zu'sis (separation). Separation or 
detachment of diseased parts. 
Apparatus, ap-par-at'us (ap, paro, to prepare). 
Collection of instruments, etc. for an operation; 
methodical arrangement of instruments and objects 
necessary for operation or dressing; case or drawers 
in which apparatus is arranged, Capsa chirurgica. 
Apparatus has likewise been applied to different 
modes of operating for stone; see Lithotomy. In 
physiology, apparatus is a collection of organs, all work- 
ing toward the same end, as digestive apparatus. A. 
al'tus.high or suprapubic operation of lithotomy. A., 
aud'itory, organs and canals of external, middle, and 
internal ear. A. chirur'gicus, surgical appliances, 
instruments, etc. A., diges'tive, parts concerned in 
digestion. A., Es'march's, Esmarch's bandage. A., 
86 
APPENDIX 
extension, apparatus for extending a limb, as in 
fracture. A., free'zing, atomizer. A., generative 
or gen'ital, genital organs, male orfemale. A., gen'- 
ito-u'rinary, combined genital and urinary organs. 
A., gus'tatory, nervous distribution to tongue, con- 
cerned )in taste. A. hypogas'tricus, A. altus. A., 
immobilizing, dressing whose object is to render a 
part immovable. A., immov'able, Immovable bandage, 
Permanent bandage, Bandage splint, apparatus for frac- 
tures, generally formed by wetting the bandage in 
some substance, as starch, plaster of Paris, paraffin, 
etc., which becomes solid and retains parts in situ. 
A., induction, A. intended for use of induced elec- 
tricity. A., irriga'tion, irrigator. A., lac'rymal, 
parts concerned in secretion and passage of tears, as 
lacrymal glands, canaliculi, lacrymal sac, and nasal 
duct. A. latera'lis, see Lithotomy. A. ligamento'sus 
col'li, see Occipito-axoid articulation. A., locomo'tor, 
organs concerned in locomotion. A. mag'nus or 
ma'jor, see Lithotomy. A., mi'nor, see Lithotomy. A., 
olfac'tory, cavities of nose and olfactory nerves dis- 
tributed to them. A., res'piratory, organs con- 
cerned in respiration, as larynx, trachea, bronchial 
tubes, and lungs. A., secre'tory, organs concerned 
in secretion. A., segmen'tal, embryonic structures 
associated with formation of urinary and genital 
organs. A., sex'ual, A., generative. A., spray, 
atomizer. A., sudorip'arous, sweat-glands. A., 
suspension, mechanism for suspending any part of 
the body. A., tac'tile, nervous distribution con- 
nected with touch. A., u'rinary, organs and canals 
concerned in urination. A., urogen'ital, A., genito- 
urinary. A., uropoiet'ic, kidneys. A., vis'ual, or- 
gans of vision; the eye and its appendages. A., vo'- 
cal, larynx and parts associated with it. 
Appendages, ap-pend'a-jes. Supplementary or ac- 
cessory parts. A., auricular, see Auricles of heart. 
Round prominence on cartilage of ear. A.., cse'cal, 
appendix vermiformis. A., cau'dal, tail. A., epi- 
plo'ic, appendices epiploicse. A. of eye, eyebrows, 
eyelids, and lacrymal apparatus. A., fce'tal, placenta 
and chord, amnion and chorion. A., il'eo-csecal, ap- 
pendix vermiformis. A. of o'vary, parovarium. A., 
pitu'itary, pituitary body. A. of skin, nails, hair, 
glandular apparatus of skin. A. of u'terus, ovaries, 
Fallopian tubes, and ligaments. A., vermic'ular, ap- 
pendix vermiformis. 
Appendices (ap-pen'de-ces, pl. of Appendix) co'li 
adipo'sae. Appendiculse epiploicse. A. epiplo'icse, 
appendiculse epiploicse. A. pinguedino'sae, appen- 
diculse epiploicse. 
Appendicitis, ap-pen-de-se'tis. Inflammation of the 
vermiform appendix of the csecum, generally due to 
ulceration or entrance of foreign body. 
Appendicula (ap-pen-dik'u-lah, dim. of Appen- 
dix) cer'ebri. Pituitary gland. A. epiplo'ica, see 
Appendiculse epiploicse. A. vermifor'mis cse'ci, appen- 
dix vermiformis. 
Appendiculse (ap-pen-dik'u-la) epiplo'icse. A. pin- 
guedinosse; epiploic appendages; prolongations of 
peritoneum beyond the surface of the great intestine, 
analogous in texture and arrangement to omenta. 
Appendix, ap-pen'diks (appendo, to hang to or 
from). Any part adhering to an organ or continuous 
with it, as if added to it. Appendage. Apophysis. 
A. auric'ulse, see Appendage, auricular, and Auricles 
of heart. A. cse'ci, appendix vermiformis. A. cer'e- 
bri, pituitary gland. A. ad cer'ebrum, cerebellum. 
A. cuta'nea sep'ti na'rium, cutaneous appendage to 
septum narium. A., en'siform, xiphoid cartilage. A. 
to epidid'ymis, vasculum aberrans. A. gland'ulse 
pituita'rise, anterior lobule of pituitary body. A. 
gland'ulse thyreoi'dese, see Thyroid gland. A. lobula'- 
ris, flocculus. A. suprasphenoida'lis, pituitary body. 
A. ventric'uli, duodenum; pituitary body. A. ver- 
micula'ris cse'ci, A. vermiformis. A. vermifor'mis, 
vermicular process, size of a goose-quill, hanging from 
intestine csecum; functions unknown, but a relic of 
animal life, showing analogy of conformation. A. 
vesi'cae, see Bladder, sacculated. A., xi'phoid, xiphoid 
cartilage. APPERCEPTION 
Appercep'tion. Conscious appreciation of external 
sensations. Appreciative perception. 
Appetence (ap'pe-tense) or Appetency, ap'pe-ten-se 
(ap, peto, to seek, to desire). Ardent desire for any 
object; appetite. 
Appetite, ap'pe-tite (same etymon). Internal sen- 
sation, a warning for exercise of certain functions, es- 
pecially digestion and generation (venereal appetite). 
Desire for food, caused by real want, is called hunger, 
for solid food; thirst, for liquid food. Hunger and 
appetite are not synonymous, although generally so 
considered. A., canine', cynorexia. A., mor'bid, see 
Limosis. A., pervert'ed, unnatural a., usually from 
disease. A., sex'ual, A., venereal. A., vene'real, 
venereal desire; instinctive feeling attracting the 
sexes toward each other to effect work of reproduc- 
tion. 
Appetitive, ap'pe-ti-tiv. Having or causing desire. 
Appetitus, ap-pet-e'tus. Appetite. A. cani'nus, 
boulimia. A. defic'iens, dysorexia. 
Applanatio (ap-plan-ah'she-o) cor'nese (planus, 
flat, smooth). Flattening of the cornea. 
Ap'ple. See Malum, Pyrus malus. A., Adam's, Po- 
mum Adami. A., bal'sam, fruit of Momordica bal- 
samina. A., bit'ter, Cucumis colocynthis. A., Cu- 
rasso'a, Aurantium Curassaventium. A., Dead Sea, 
see Quercus infectoria. A., dev'il's, fruit of Mandra- 
gora. A. eye, exophthalmia; see Melon. A. of the 
eye, pupil. A., mad, see Quercus infectoria. A., 
man'drake, fruit of Mandragora. A., May, Podo- 
phyllum peltatum. A. oil, valerianate of amyl. A. 
of Peru, Datura stramonium. A. root, Euphorbia 
corollata. A. of Sod'om, see Quercus infectoria. A. 
tea. Slice two large not over-ripe apples, and pour 
over a pint of boiling water; after an hour pour off 
fluid and sweeten with sugar. A. thorn, Datura stra- 
monium. A. tree, Pyrus malus. A. water, A. tea. 
Ap'ples, ac'id of. Malic acid. 
Applicata, ap-plik-at'ah (applico, to fold, to apply). 
Objects applied immediately to the surface of the 
body, as clothes, cosmetics, baths, dressings, etc. 
Application, ap-ple-ka'shun. Attention; act of 
applying one thing to another, as apparatus, bandage, 
blister, etc., as well as thing applied. 
Applicator, ap'ple-ka-tor. Instrument for apply- 
ing remedies, as to the uterus or urethra. 
Applica'tum. Anything applied to a part. 
Appolito's suture, ap-pol'it-o's sute'ure. Suture 
for wounded intestine, with double thread passed 
through all the coats. 
Apposition, ap-po-zish'un. Contact of parts, as 
edges of wound, fragments of bone, etc.; growth or 
addition to parts; prosthesis; anaplerosis. 
Apprehensio, ap-pra-hen'se-o (ap, prehendo, to take). 
Catalepsy; bandage for securing a part; therapeutical 
indication. 
Approximate (ap-proks'im-ate) or Approximated, 
ap-proks'im-a-ted. Placed close together, as the teeth, 
edges of a wound or fracture, etc. 
Approximation, ap-proks-im-a'shun (ap, proximus, 
nearest). Pretended method of curing disease by 
making it pass from man into some animal or vege- 
table by immediate contact. See Approximate. 
Apracta, ah-prak'tah (a, prasso, to act). Without 
action, as parts of generation when unfit for copu- 
lation or generation. 
Apraxia, ah-praks'e-ah (a, praxis, action). De- 
fective memory as to objects in general, their uses, 
and methods of action. See Mind-blindness. 
Aprication, a-pre-ka'shun (apricor, to bask in the 
sun). Insolation, sun-bath. 
A'pricot. Prunus Armeniaca. 
Aproctia (ah-prok'te-ah) or Aproctosis, ah-prok- 
to'sis (a, proktos, anus). Imperforation of anus. 
Aproctous, ah-prok'tus. Having an imperforate 
anus; person so affected. 
A'pron. Omentum; fatty wall of abdomen. A., 
Hot'tentot, great elongation of the labia minora and 
prepuce of clitoris. A., puden'dal, A., Hottentot. 
Apronia, ah-pro'ne-ah. Tamus communis. 
Aprosexia, ah-pro-seks'e-ah (a, prosecho, to fix the 
87 
AQUA 
attention). Want of power to fix attention upon any 
particular subject or line of thought; may be due to 
nervous exhaustion, nasal catarrh, or nasal obstruc- 
tion. 
Aprosopia, ah-pro-so'pe-ah (a, prosopon, face). Mal- 
formation consisting in the face being deficient; such 
monster is said to be Aproso'pus. 
Apselaphesia (ap-sel-af-a'ze-ah) or Apselaphesis, 
ap-se-laf-a'sis (a, pselaphao, to feel). Privation of 
touch or sense of resistance, sense of pain still re- 
maining ; seen in degeneration of posterior columns 
of the cord. 
Apsinthiatum, ap-sin-the-at'um (apsinthion, worm- 
wood). Drink made of wormwood. 
Apsinthites, ap-sin-the'tes. Absinthites. 
Apsithuria, ah-sith-u're-ah (a, psithuros, whisper). 
Loss of power to whisper from spasm of larynx. A., 
persisting, xerostomia. 
Apsychia (ah-sik'e-ah), Apsychy (ah'sik-e), or Ap- 
syxia, ah-siks'e-ah (a, psuche, soul, breath). Syncope, 
loss of consciousness. 
Aptyalia (ah-te-al'e-ah) or Aptyalism, a-ti'al-izm 
(a, ptualon, saliva). Want of saliva. 
Aptystus, ah-tis'tus (a, ptuo, to spit). Devoid of ex- 
pectoration ; epithet given to pleurisies, for instance, 
in which there is no expectoration. 
Apulosis, ap-u-lo'sis (apo, oule, cicatrix). Cicatri- 
zation. 
Apulotic, ap-u-lot'ik. Agent promoting cicatri- 
zation. 
Apus, ah'pus (a, pous, foot). One who has no feet; 
one whose lower extremity is entirely absent. 
Apyetus, ah-pe'et-us (a, puon, pus). Not ending in 
suppuration ; deficient in pus. 
Apy'onin (a, puon, pus). Yellow pyoktanin. See 
Pyoktanin. 
Apyrectic, ah-pi-rek'tik (a, pur, fever). Free from 
fever. 
Apyrensemata, ah-pir-en-e'mat-ah (a, puren, nu- 
cleus, haima, blood). Vertebrata with non-nucleated, 
colored blood-corpuscles, as mammalia. 
Apyrenomele, ah-pir-en-om-a'la. Apyromele. 
Apyretic (a-pir-et'ik) or Apyrec'tic (a, pur, fever). 
Without fever. Urticaria is sometimes called an 
apyretic exanthem. 
Apyrexia, ap-ir-eks'e-ah. Apyrexy. Absence of 
fever. Condition of intermittent fever between the 
paroxysms. Sensation of febrile condition in acute 
diseases. 
Apyromele, ah-pir-om-a'la (a, puren, a nut, mele, 
sound). Sound or probe without a button or nut. 
Apyrous, ap'ir-us (a, priv., pur, fire). Refractory 
to heat. 
Apyus, ah-pe'us. Apyetus. 
Aqua, ah'kwah. Water; medicated water; cataract. 
A. ac'idi carbol'ici, see Carbolic acid. A. ac'idi car- 
bon'ici, acidulous water, simple. A. acid'ula hydro- 
sulphura'ta, Naples water (factitious). A. acid'ula 
sim'plex, acidulous water, simple. A. acus'tica, 
liquor Cotunnii. A. aera'ta, acidulous water, simple; 
aerated water. A. ae'ris fix'i, acidulous water, sim- 
ple. A. alkali'na oxymuriat'ica, eau de Javelle. A. 
alu'minis compos'ita, liquor aluminis compositus. 
A. alumino'sa batea'na, liquor aluminis compositus. 
A. ammo'nise, liquor ammonise. A. ammo'nise or 
ammo'nii aceta'tis, liquor ammonii acetatis. A. 
ammo'nise or ammo'nii carbona'tis, liquor ammonii 
subcarbonatis. A. ammo'nise caus'tica, liquor am- 
monias. A. ammo'nise for'tior, see Liquor ammoniie. 
A. am'nii, liquor amnii. A. amyg'dalse ama'rse or 
amygdala'rum concentra'ta, water of bitter almonds, 
made by bruising bitter almonds and adding spring- 
water and alcohol, and then distilling; used instead 
of aqua laurocerasi and hydrocyanic acid; given with 
caution. Aqua amygdalae amarae, bitter-almond water, 
is in Ph. U. S. (01. amygdal. amar. p. 1., Aquae destillat., 
p. 999). Dose, A. ane'thi, see Anethum graveolens. 
A. ani'si, see- Pimpinella anisum. A., ani'si for'tis, 
spiritus anisi. A. aquisgranen'sis, factitious Aix-la- 
Chapelle water. A. audito'ria, Cotunnius, liquor of. 
A. auran'tii, see Citrus aurantium. A. auran'tii flo- AQUA ! 
rum or flo ris, see Citrus aurantium. azo txca 
oxygena'ta, aqua nitrogenii protoxidi. A. bal- 
sam'ica arteria'lis, aqua binellii. A. Baregi- 
nen'sis, Bareges water. A. bary't® muria'tis, see 
Baryta, muriate of. A. Belliluca'na, Balaruc waters. 
A. benedic'ta, liquor calcis. A. benedlc'ta compos'- 
ita, liquor calcis compositus. A. benedic'ta Rulan'di, 
vinum antimonii tartarizati. A. Binel'lii, creasote- 
water; Binelli's styptic. A. Borvonen'sis, Bour- 
bonne-les-Bains waters. A. Bristolien'sis, Bristol 
water. A. Brocchie'rii, Brocchieri orBrocchiariwater, 
Brocchieri's styptic. A supposed styptic, which made 
much noise at Paris at one time, but devoid of efficacy. 
A. bul'liens, boiling water. A. calca'ri® ust®, lime- 
water. A. cal'cica, lime-water. A. cal'cis, lime-water. 
A. cal'cis compos'ita, liquor calcis compositus. A. 
cam'phor®, mistura camphor®. A. camphora'ta, 
Bates's, see Cupri sulphas. A. carbona'tis so'd® 
acid'ula or carbon'ica, acidulous water, simple. A. 
Carmelita'na, see Melissa. A. car'ui, see Carum carui. 
A. cas'si®, see Laurus cassise. A. catapulta'rum, 
arquebusade water. Sort of vulnerary water dis- 
tilled from farrago of aromatic plants. A. chaly- 
bea't®, ferruginous waters. A. chlori'ni or chlo'ri 
or chlora'ta, see Chlorine. A. chlorofor'mi, chloro- 
form-water. A. cinnamo'mi, cinnamon-water. Dis- 
tilled water of cinnamon-bark. A. cinnamo'mi for'- 
tis, spiritus cinnamomi. A. cceru'lea, solution of 
ammoniated copper. A. Colognien'sis, Cologne water. 
A. colora'ta, colored water, a prescription in which 
simple colored water is contained; used as a placebo. 
A. creaso'ti, see Creasote. A. cu'pri ammonia'ti, 
liquor cupri ammoniati. A. cu'pri vitriola'ti com- 
pos'ita, liquor cupri sulphatis composita. A. depu- 
ra'ta, purified water. A. destilla'ta, water, distilled. 
A. fer're® or ferro's®, chalybeate waters. A. fer'- 
vens, hot water. A. flo'rum auran'tii, see Citrus au- 
rantium. A. fluvia'lis or fluviat'ilis, water, river. 
A. fcenic'uli, distilled water of fennel-seed. A. 
fonta'na, water, spring. A. for'tis, nitric acid. A. 
frig'ida, cold water. A. Goular'dx, liquor plumbi 
subacetatis dilutus. A. h®mostat'ica Paglia'ri, he- 
mostatic, Pagliari's. A. hepat'ica, hydrosulphuretted 
water. A. hordea'ta, decoetum hordei. A. Hungar'- 
ica, spiritus rosmarinus. A. im'brium, water, rain. 
A. inferna'lis, see Toddy. A. inter'cus, anasarca. 
A. in'ter cu'tem, anasarca. A. Javellen'sis, eau de 
Javelle. A. junip'eri compos'ita, spiritus juniperi 
compositus. A. ka'li, liquor potass® subcarbonatis. 
A. ka'li caus'tici, liquor potass®. A. ka'li pr®pa- 
ra'ti, liquor potass® subcarbonatis. A. ka'li pu'ri, 
liquor potass®. A. ka'li subcarbona'tis, liquor po- 
tass® subcarbonatis. A. labyrin'thi, Cotunnius, liquor 
of. A. labyrin'thi membrana'cei, fluid in mem- 
branous labyrinth of ear. A. lac'tis, serum lactis. 
A. ex la'cu, lake-water. A. laurocer'asi, see Prunus 
laurocerasus. A. laxati'va Viennen'sis, infusum sen- 
n® compositum. A. lithar'gyri aceta'ti compos'- 
ita, liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. A. lith'i® 
efferves'cens, liquor lithi® effervescens. A. lu'ci®, 
spiritus ammoni® succinatus. A. mari'na, sea-water. 
A. medica'ta, water, mineral. A. melis's®, melissa- 
water. A. mel'lis, hydromel. A. men'th® piperi'- 
t®, peppermint-water, distilled water of peppermint. 
A. men'th® vir'idis, spearmint-water, distilled water 
of spearmint. A. men'th® piperi'tidis spirituo'- 
sa, spiritus menth® piperit®. A. men'th® pule'- 
gii, see Mentha pulegium. A. men'th® vir'idis, spear- 
mint-water; see Aqua menthee piperitse. A. men'th® 
vulga'ris spirituo'sa, spiritus menth® viridis. A. 
mercuria'lis, black mercurial lotion. A. minera'lis, 
water, mineral. A. mirab'ilis, spiritus piment®. A. 
Montero'sis, creasote-water. A. Morgag'nii, liquor 
Morgagnii; see Aquula Morgagnii. A. mul'sa, hy- 
dromeli. A. na'phi, orange-flower water. A. na'tri 
oxymuriat'ici, liquor sod® chlorinat®. A. na'tro- 
efferves'cens, effervescing solution of soda; simple 
acidulous water. A. Neapolita'na, Naples water 
(factitious). A. nephrit'ica, spiritus myristic®. A. 
nicotia'na, see Nicotiana tabacum. A. ni'gra, black 
mercurial lotion. A. nitrogen'ii protox'idi, Protox- 
88 
I AQU/EDUCTUS 
ide of nitrogen water, Oxygenous aerated water, a solu- 
tion of protoxide of nitrogen, said to contain five 
times its own bulk of gas ; recommended as a nervine 
and excitant in nervous conditions, dyspepsia, etc.; 
also used in cholera and to counteract evil conse- 
quences of drunkenness. A. niva'ta, snow-water. A. 
nu'cis moscha't®, spiritus myristicse. A. ophthal'- 
mica, any wash for the eyes; liquor zinci sulphatis 
cum camphora. A. oxygena'ta, water containing 
oxygen in solution. A. oxymuriat'ica, chlorine- 
water. A. Paglia'rii, hemostatic, Pagliari's. A. 
paludo'sa, water, marsh. A. pe'dum, urine. A. 
pericar'dii, see Pericardium. A. phageden'ica, see 
Hydrargyri oxymurias. A., pi'cea, see Pinus sylvestris. 
A., pi'cis, see Pinus sylvestris. A. pimen't®, see 
Myrtus pimenta. A. pis's®, tar-water. A. plum'bi, 
liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. A. pluvia'lis, rain- 
water. A. potas's®, liquor potass®. A. potas's® 
efferves'cens, liquor potass® effervescens. A. pule'gii, 
see Mentha pulegium. A. pule'gii spirituo'sa, spiritus 
pulegii. A. pu'ra, see Water. A. putea'lis, water, 
well. A. ex pu'teo, water, well. A. Rabel'li, elixir 
acidum Halleri. A. rapha'ni compos'ita, spiritus 
armoraci® compositus. A. rega'lis or re'gia, nitro- 
muriatic acid. A. regi'n® Hunga'ri®, spiritus ros- 
marini. A. ro's®, rose-water, distilled from rose- 
leaves and water. A. salu'bris, water, mineral. A. 
sambu'ci, elder-flower water. A. sapphari'na, liquor 
cupri ammoniati. A. satur'ni or saturni'na, liquor 
plumbi subacetatis dilutus. A. sclopeta'ria, A. cata- 
pultarum. A. sedati'va, camphorated ammoniacal 
lotion. A. Seid'litz, artificial Seidlitz water. A. sem'- 
inum ani'si compos'ita, spiritus anisi. A. sem'inum 
car'ui for'tis, spiritus carui. A. so'd®, effervescing 
solution of soda. A. so'd® efferves'cens, acidulous 
water, simple. A. sote'ria, water, mineral. A. sty'- 
gia, nitromuriatic acid. A. styp'tica, liquor cupri sul- 
phatis compositus. A. sulphura'ta sim'plex, hydro- 
sulphuretted water. A. sulphure'ti ammo'ni®, liquor 
fumans Boylii. A. thedi'ana, A. catapultarum. A. 
theriaca'lis bezoar'dica, chylostagma diaphoreticuin 
mindereri. A. till®, tilia-water. A. Tof'ani, liquor 
arsenicalis. A. tos'ti pa'nis, toast-water. A. trau- 
mat'ica Thede'nii, A. catapultamm. A. veg'eto-min- 
era'lis, liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. A. vicien'- 
sis, Vichy water. A. vi't®, brandy. A. vitriol'ica 
cceru'lea, solutio sulphatis cupri composita. A. 
vitriol'ica camphora'ta, liquor zinci sulphatis cum 
A. vulnera'ria, A. catapultarum. A. 
zin'ci vitriola'ti cum cam'phord, liquor zinci sul- 
phatis cum camphora. 
Aqu® acidul®, ah'kwa as-id'u-la. Acidulous wa- 
ters. A. chalybea't®, waters, mineral, chalybeate. 
A. destilla't®, distilled waters. These are made by 
putting vegetable substances, as roses, mint, penny- 
royal, etc., into a still with water, and drawing off as 
much as is found to possess aromatic properties of the 
plant. A. ferro's®, waters, mineral, chalybeate. A. 
martia'les, waters, mineral, chalybeate. A. medica'- 
t®, preparations consisting of waters impregnated 
with some medicinal substance which are not ar- 
ranged in any other class. A. me'tus (dread of wa- 
ter), hydrophobia. A. minera'les acid'ul®, waters, 
mineral, gaseous. A. minera'les ferrugino's®, 
waters, mineral, chalybeate. A. minera'les sulphu'- 
re®, waters, mineral, sulphureous. A. stillati'ti®, 
distilled waters. 
Aqu®ductus, ah-kwe-duk'tus (aqua, water, duco, to 
lead). Aqueduct. Properly, canal for conducting wa- 
ter. Anatomists have used the term to designate cer- 
tain canals. A. cer'ebri, infundibulum of brain. A. 
coch'le®, very narrow canal proceeding from tym- 
panic scala of cochlea to posterior edge of pars pe- 
trosa. A. communicatio'nis, small passage at junction 
of mastoid and of petrous portions of temporal bone. 
A. Cotun'nii, see Aquseductus vestibuli. A. endolym- 
phat'icus, a small horizontal depression leading to the 
A. vestibuli. A. Fallop'pii orFallop'pi®, aqueduct of 
Fallopius, canal in pars petrosa of temporal bone, ex- 
tending from meatus auditorius internus to foramen 
stylo-mastoideum, and giving passage to facial nerve. AQUALICULUS 
A. Syl'vii, canal forming communication between 
third and fourth ventricles of brain. A. Syl'vii 
au'ris, aquaeductus vestibuli. A. tempora'lis, canal 
occasionally found in petrous portion of temporal 
bone. A. vestib'uli, canal of Cotunnius; this begins 
in the vestibule, near the common orifice of the two 
semicircular canals, and opens at posterior surface of 
pars petrosa. 
Aqualiculus, ak-wah-lik'u-lus (dim. of Aqualis, 
water-pot). Part of the abdomen extending from um- 
bilicus to pubes. Stomach or intestinal canal. 
Aquapuncture, ah-kwa-punk'ture. Puncture of 
the skin by jets of water; used as means of revulsion 
in neuralgia, muscular rheumatism, etc. 
Aqueduct, ak'we-dukt. See Aquaeductus. A. of 
coch'lea, aquaeductus cochleae. A. of Cotun'nius, 
aquaeductus vestibuli. A. of Fallo'pius, aquaeductus 
Fallopii. A. of Syl'vius, aquaeductus Sylvii. A. of 
the ves'tibule, aquaeductus vestibuli. 
Aqueous, a'kwe-us (aqua, water). Watery. A. 
can'cer, noma of mouth. A. cham'bers, see A. humor 
of the ei/e. A. ex'tracts, extracts of drugs made with 
water as a menstrum. A. hu'mor of the eye, albu- 
gineous humor. Limpid fluid filling the two cham- 
bers of the eye from cornea to crystalline, and, conse- 
quently, in contact with the two surfaces of the iris; 
s. g. 1.0003. It contains albumen, chloride of sodium, 
and phosphate of lime in small quantity, and is envel- 
oped in a fine membrane-membrane of aqueous 
humor, posterior elastic lamina of Bowman, mem- 
brane of Demours or of Descemet; although these 
last terms are by some appropriated to the third layer 
of the cornea. It is small in quantity, about four or 
five grains. 
Aquiducous, ah-kwe-du'kus (aqua, water, duco, to 
lead). Hydragogue. 
Aquifolium, ah-kwe-fo'le-um. Ilex aquifolium. A. 
fo'liis decid'uis, Prinos. 
Aquila, ak'wil-ah. Calomel, sulphur; excrement of 
eagle, used medicinally. A. mercu'rii, calomel. 
Aquilae vense, ak'wil-e va'ne. Temporal veins. 
Aquilaria agallocha, ah-kwe-lah're-ah ah-gal'lo- 
kah. Aloes-wood, East Indian tree. A. Malaccen'sis, 
Cochin Chinese tree, from which eagle-wood is de- 
rived. 
Aquilegia, ah-kwe-la'je-ah (aquila, eagle, from fan- 
cied resemblance). Common colombine or Columbine, 
ord. Ranunculaceae. Seeds, herb, and flowers were 
used in jaundice and cutaneous diseases. A. alpi'na, 
aquilegia. A. Canaden'sis, Wild columbine, indigenous; 
seeds are tonic, sudorific, diuretic, emmenagogue. A. 
sylves'tris, aquilegia. A. vulga'ris, aquilegia. 
Aquilicia sambucina, ah-kwil-ish'e-ah sam-bu-se'- 
nah (aqua, water, elicio, to attract). East Indian plant, 
decoction of whose root is used to allay heartburn. 
Aquiparous, ak-wip'ar-us (aqua, water, pario, to 
bring forth). Epithet for glands like the parotid se- 
creting much water, in contradistinction to sub- 
maxillary glands, which are muciparous or mucus- 
secreting. Bringing forth young in water. 
Aquocapsulitis (ak-wo-kap-su-le'tis) or Aquomem- 
branitis, ak-wo-mem-bran-e'tis. Serous iritis, Dotted 
keratitis or ceratitis. Term formerly used, but now in- 
applicable to inflammation of the anterior chamber 
of the eye; a badly compounded term, denoting in- 
flammation of capsule or membrane of aqueous 
humor. 
Aquosus, ak-wo'sus. Aqueous. 
Aquula, ak-u'u-lah (dim. of Aqua, water). Cerato- 
cele, hydatid, hydroa, bleb, crystalline lens. A. 
acus'tica or auditu'ra, Cotunnius, liquor of; peri- 
lymph. A. labyrin'thi, endolymph. A. Morgagn'ii, 
minute portion of water escaping when opening is 
made into capsule of crystalline. A. vit'rea auditi'- 
va, vitreous humor of the ear. 
Ar, in composition, see Ad. 
Ara parva, ar'ah par'vah (small altar). Bandage 
representing corners of an altar. 
Arabic acid, ar'a-bik as'id. See Arabin. Whenarabic 
acid is acted on by a dilute acid, arabinose results; a 
crystallizable saccharine matter. A., gum, see Acacia. 
89 
ARZEOTICA 
Arabides, ar'ft-bides. Compounds formed by union 
of other acids with arabin. 
Arabin, ar'ab-in. Pure gum; peculiar proximate 
principle of gum arabic, cherry gum, sugar-beet. Fee- 
ble acid, essential element of gum arabic, said to be, 
chemically, gummate of lime, calcium salt of arabic 
or guminic acid. 
Arabis, ar'ab-is. One or two species of this plant, 
genus Arabide®, have volatile principle having proper- 
ties similar to oil of mustard. Erysimum barbarea. 
Araca, ar-ak'ah. Weak alcoholic liquor prepared 
from kumyss. 
Aracacha, ar-ak-ak'ah. Conium moschatum. 
Arach, ar-ak'. Arack. 
Arachidna hypogsea, a - rak - id' nah hip - o - ja' ah. 
Arachis hypogtea. 
Arachis Africana (ar'ak-is af-re-kan'ah) or Ameri- 
ca'na (a, rhachis, branch). A. hypog®a. A. hypogse'a, 
Groundnut, Peanut, Earth-almond, erroneously called 
Pistachio-nut in the South; Pindars of West Indies. 
Ord. Leguminos®. Cultivated in Southern States. 
Seeds are oily and much eaten. Inferior chocolate 
may be made of them. 
Arachnitis (ar-ak-ne'tis), properly Arachnoidi'tis or 
Arachnodei'tis. Inflammation of the arachnoid mem- 
brane. A., rhachid'ian or spi'nal, spinal meningitis. 
Arachnoid, ar-ak'noid (arachne, spider's web, eidos, 
form). Like spider's web; relating to arachnoid 
membrane. A. apoph'yses, name formerly given to 
nerve-filaments. A. canal', formed by extension of 
arachnoid membrane over transverse and longitudinal 
fissures of brain. A. cav'ity, space between arachnoid 
and dura mater. A., cer'ebral, see A. membrane. A. 
of eye, lining membrane of cavity supposed to exist be- 
tween sclerotic and choroid. A., inter'nal, ependyma. 
A. mem'brane, name of several thin membranes re- 
sembling spider-webs. Membrane of vitreous humor, 
tunica hyaloidea, was formerly so called. Membrane 
of brain between dura mater and pia mater; serous 
membrane composed of two layers: external layer, 
confounded, in greater part of its extent, with the dura 
mater, and, like it, lining the interior of the cranium 
and spinal canal; internal layer, extended over the 
brain, from which it is separated by pia mater, without 
passing into sinuosities between the convolutions, and 
penetrating into interior of brain by opening at its 
posterior part under the corpus callosum. It forms part 
of investing sheath of nerves passing from encephalic 
cavities. It envelops and protects the brain, and 
secretes fluid that keeps it in state best adapted for 
its functions. Arachnoid is arranged on spinal cord 
as on the brain, subarachnoid space being filled with 
its fluid to protect the cord. A., pari'etal, layer 
of A. membrane attached to dura mater. A. sheath, 
arachnoid sheath of cranial nerves. A. space, space 
beneath dura mater. A., spi'nal, part of A. mem- 
brane within the spinal canal. A. vil'li, Pacchioni, 
glands of. A., vis'ceral, inner layer of A. membrane. 
Arachnoi'dea. Arachnoid. A. cer'ebri or cere- 
bra'lis, see A. membrane. A. medul'l® spina'lis, 
spinal arachnoid membrane. A. men'tis, capsule 
of crystalline lens. A. oc'uli, arachnoid of the eye. 
Arachnoiditis (ar-ak-no-id-e'tis) or Arachnoitis, ar- 
ak-no-e'tis. Arachnitis. 
Arack (ar-ak'), Arrack', or Rack. Spirituous liquor 
made in India, often from rice, sometimes from sugar, 
fermented along with juice of cocoanut; frequently 
from toddy, the juice flowing from the cocoanut tree 
by incision, and from other substances. 
Aracus aromaticus, ar'ak-us ar-o-mat'ik-us. Va- 
nilla. 
Arados, ar'ad-os (aradeo, to disturb). Agitation 
excited in stomach by coction of aliments of different 
nature; cathartic action. 
Araea, ar-e'ah. Abdomen, small intestine. 
Araeoma, ar-e-o'mah (araios, porous). Interstice. 
Araeometer, ar-e-om'e-tur. Areometer. 
Araeosarcous, ar-e-o-sar'kus (araios, thin, sarx, flesh). 
Having lean flesh. 
Araeotica, ar-e-o'tik-ah (araioo, to rarefy). Medi- 
cines rarefying the humors. ARAKA 
Araka or Araki. Arack. 
Aralia Canadensis, ar-al'e-ah kan-ad-en'sis. Panax 
quinquefolium. A. edu'lis, plant of China and Japan, 
used in chlorosis, menstrual derangement, and puer- 
peral diseases. A. his'pida, Dwarf elder, diuretic, 
and used in decoction in dropsy. A. nudicau'lis, 
Small spikenard, Wild liquorice, Sweet root, False or 
Wild sarsaparilla, American plant, mild stimulant, 
diaphoretic, tonic, and alterative, and recommended 
as substitute for sarsaparilla. A. palma'ta, leaves 
and bark are used in gonorrhoea. A. quinquefo'lia, 
Panax quinquefolium. A. racemo'sa, American spike- 
nard, has same properties as A. nudicaulis. A. spino'- 
sa, Angelica tree, Prickly ash, Toothache tree, Spikenard 
tree, Prickly elder, Shot bush, Pigeon tree; berries and 
tincture have been employed in toothache; spirituous 
infusion has been used in colic; plant is diaphoretic, 
bark and leaves are emeto-cathartic. 
Aran-Duchenne's disease. Progressive muscular 
atrophy. 
Aranea, ar-an'a-ah. Aranese tela. A. taren'tula, 
see Tarentula. 
Araneae (ar-an'a-e) tela. Spider's web, Cobweb. 
Formerly much employed externally as mechanical 
internally in intermittents. Arachnoid mem- 
brane. 
Araneosa urina, ar-an-a-o'sah u-re'nah. Term ap- 
plied to urine loaded with filaments like cobwebs. 
Araneosus, ar-an-a-o'sus. Thread-like; term used 
to express extreme weakness of pulse; movement re- 
sembling that of delicate net raised by the wind. 
Araneum, ar-an'a-um. Araneae tela. A. ul'cus, 
old name for malignant, gangrenous ulcer of the legs. 
Aran's disease. Progressive muscular atrophy. 
Arantius (ar-an'she-us), bod'yornod'ule of. Fibrous 
nodule on semilunar valves. A., cav'ity of, ventricle 
of Arantius. A., ven'tricle of, see Ventricle. 
Ara'ra. Myrobalanus citrina. 
Araroba, ar-ar-o'bah. Goa powder; pulverulent 
substance found in trunk of Andira araroba, angiar 
of Brazil; employed in cutaneous affections. See 
Chrysarobin. 
Aratrum, ar-at'rum (plough). Vomer. 
Ar'bor ;(tree) Ben'ivi. Benjamin. A. camphor- 
if'era, camphor tree. A. Dian'ae, Diana or silver 
tree ; aborescent amalgam of silver due to action of 
mercury on silver nitrate. A. febrif'uga, Cinchona 
officinalis. A. In'dica, Laurus cassia. A. ma'ris, 
coral. A. medulla'ris, A. vitae. A. satur'ni, lead- 
tree ; arborescent precipitate of lead, produced by 
mixing zinc with a solution of lead acetate. A. 
thurif'era, Juniperus lycia. A. toxica'ria, Antiaris 
toxicaria. A. tulipif'era, Liriodendron tulipifera. A. 
u'teri viv'ificans, arborescent striae in cervix uteri. 
A. vi'tse (tree of life), arborescent appearance seen on 
cutting the cerebellum longitudinally; resulting from 
particular arrangement of white substance with the 
cineritious. Folds in mucous membrane of cervix 
uteri. Thuya occidentalis. A. vi'tae, Amer'ican, 
Thuya occidentalis. A. vi'tae of u'terus, arborescent 
striae in cervix uteri. 
Arbores, ar'bor-es. Morbid alteration of skin pre- 
ceding ulceration; a form of morphoea. 
Arborization, ar-bor-iz-a'shun (ar&or, tree). Figure 
or appearance of tree or plant; capillary vessels, when 
injected, as in inflammation, frequently have this ap- 
pearance. 
Arbuscula gummifera Brazillensis, ar-busk'u-lah 
gum-mif'er-ah braz-il-e-en'sis (dim. of Arbor). Hy- 
pericum bacciferum. 
Arbutin, ar'bu-tin. Crystallizable glucoside de- 
rived from uva ursi and other plants, and having 
diuretic properties. C24H32Ou,N2O. 
Arbutus, ar'bu-tus. A. unedo. A., trailing, A. 
uva ursi; Epigsea repens. A. u'nedo, Strawberry- 
tree, Arbute tree, nat. ord. Ericaceae; grows along 
Mediterranean; all parts of plant used medicin- 
ally ; decoction of leaves is astringent; used in 
diarrhcea; berries are antidyspeptic and narcotic, 
diuretic and laxative. A. u'va ur'si, Trailing arbutus, 
Bear's whortleberry or Bearberry, Mountain-box, Red- 
90 
ARCH 
berry, Upland cranberry, Foxberry, Checkerberry. Leaves, 
wra ursi (Ph. U. S.), tonic and astringent, have been 
employed chiefly in diseases of urinary organs, and 
also as parturifacient; dose of powder, gr. xv-xxx. 
Arc. Any part of the body resembling an arch in 
form, as arc or arch of the colon, transverse portion 
of that intestine; arc, or arch, or cross of the aorta, a 
turn which the aorta takes in the thorax. See Arch. 
Area arcanorum, ar'ka ar-kan-o'rum. Mercury. A. 
cor'dis, pericardium. 
Arcanum, ar-kan'um (area, chest). Secret; nos- 
trum, quack, or empirical medicine; remedy whose 
composition is kept secret, but which is reputed to 
possess great efficacy. A. coralli'num, hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxidum. A. duplica'tum, potassii sulphas. 
A. tar'tari, potassii acetas. 
Arcatura, ar-kat-u'rah {arcus, bow). Curving for- 
ward of fore legs of horses. 
Arceion, ar-si'on. Arctium lappa. 
Arcenthos (ar-sen'thos) or Arceuthos, ar-su'thos. 
Juniperis communis. 
Arces'thida. Juniper-berries. 
Arch. Arc. A., alveolar, alveolar process of jaws. 
A., anostomotlc, union of two vessels anastomosing 
by curved line, as vessels of mesentery. A. of aor'ta, 
see Arc and Aorta. A. of colon, arch of transverse 
colon. A. of Cor'ti, arch of pillars of organ of Corti 
over membrana basilaris. A., cor'tical, portion be- 
tween one cortical column of kidney and another. A., 
cru'ral, see Crural. A., cu'bital, arch of anterior carpal 
arteryat knee in some animals. A., den'tal, alveolar a.; 
curved line of teeth. A., epencephal'ic, bones cover- 
ing epencephalon, constituting occipital bone. A. of 
Fallop'pius, Poupart's ligament. A., fem'oral, see 
Crural arch. A., fronto-hae'mal, tympano-maxillary 
a. A., glu'teal, see Gluteal aponeurosis. A., liae'mal, 
see Haemal. A., hy'oid, second of the early series of 
ridges from each side of front part of embryonic head, 
giving origin to lesser cornua of hyoid, styloid bone, 
andstapes; stylo-hyoid arch. A., infe'rior max'ill ary, 
upper ridge (see A., hyoid) forming back part of 
mouth in embryo. A., infraver'tebral, A., haemal. 
A., in'guinal, see Crural arch. A., ischiad'ic, space 
between posterior portions of ischia in horse. A., 
is'chio-sac'ral, A., sitting. A. of jaw, A., inferior 
maxillary. A., ju'gal, zygomatic arch. A., laryn- 
ge'al, arch in embryo from which are developed parts 
of larynx and trachea. A., lin'gual, A., hyoid. A., 
mandib'ular, A., inferior maxillary. A., maxillary, 
A., inferior maxillary; A., palato-maxillary. A., 
mesencephalic, arch of bone from parts of sphenoid, 
parietal, and mastoid bones. A., na'sal, nasal arch. 
A., na'so-hae'mal, haemal a. of frontal vertebra in 
fishes. A., neu'ral, post-axial part of vertebra which 
encloses medullary canal. A., neu'ro-fron'tal, bony 
arch constituting neural a. of fronto-mandibular ver- 
tebra. A., neu'ro-na'sal, bony arch constituting 
neural a. of nasal vertebra. A., neu'ro-occipltal, 
A., epencephalic. A., neu'ro-pari'etal, A., mesen- 
cephalic. A., occipital, cartilaginous arch forming 
lateral parietes of skull in some animals. A., occip'- 
ito-hse'mal, shoulder-girdle, formed by scapulae and 
clavicles, constituting haemal arch of occipital verte- 
bra. A., or'bital, superior edge of orbit. A., pal'- 
atine, see Arches of palate and Palate bone. A., 
pal'ato-max'illary, bony arch constituting haemal 
arch of nasal vertebra. A., pal'mar, see Palmar. 
A., pari'eto-haemal, bony arch constituting haemal 
a. of parietal vertebra. A., pec'toral, A., occipito- 
haemal. A., pel'vic, bony arch between portions of 
osseous pelvis; pelvic bones constituting haemal arches 
of sacral vertebrae. A., plan'tar, see Plantar artery. 
A., post-o'ral, see Arches. A., prosencephal'ic, A., 
naso-frontal. A. of pubes, see Pubic arch. A., rhinen- 
cephal'ic, A., neuro-nasal. A., scap'ular, A., occipito- 
haemal. A., se'nile, arcus senilis. A., sit'ting, A. 
of portions of pelvic bones on which persons sit. 
A., standing, A. formed by sacrum and bones con- 
nected with the hip-joint. A., sty'lo-hy'oid, A., hyoid. 
A., subor'bital, zygomatic arch. A., subpu'bic, see 
Subpubic. A., superciliary, see Superciliary. A., ARCH/EUS S 
supe'rior ver'tebral, A., neural. A., supracar'pal, 
analogue in animals of superficial palmar arch in 
man. A., supraor'bital, A., orbital. A., supraver'- 
tebral, A., neural. A., tem'poral, zygomatic arch. A., 
thy'reo-hy'oid, third of post-oral arches, from which 
greater portion of hyoid bone is formed. A., trabec'- 
ular, A. made by junction of middle trabeculae of 
cranium, containing pituitary gland and infundib- 
ulum. A., ver'tebral, neural A., haemal A.; see 
Vertebrae. A.., zygomat'ic, see Zygomatic. 
Archaeus (ar-kay'us) or Arche'us (arche, commence- 
ment). Supposed internal principle of our motions 
and actions presiding over development of the body 
and all organic phenomena. 
Archangelica, ark-an-jel'ik-ah. Lamium album. 
A. atropurpu'rea, grows in United States; tonic, 
stimulant, diaphoretic. A. offlcina'lis, angelica. A. 
sati'va, a source of angelica-root. 
Arche, ar'kay (arche, beginning). First attack of 
disease. See Acme. 
Archebiology, ark-e-be-ol'-o-je (arche, bios, life, logos, 
description). Description of primitive or embryonic 
forms of life. 
Archebiosis, ark-a-be-o'sis (arche, beginning, bios, 
life). Production of living organisms from non-living 
materials; biogenesis, in contradistinction to hetero- 
genesis, or production of living beings from pre-exist- 
ing organisms, living or dead. Spontaneous generation. 
Archecptoma, ark-ek-to'mah (archo, ex, out of, 
ptoma, fall). Prolapse of the anus. 
Archegenesis, ark-a-jen'es-is (arche, genesis, forma- 
tion). Spontaneous generation. 
Archell, Canary, ar'kell, ka-na're. Lichen roccella. 
Archeol'ogy (arche, beginning, logos, discourse). 
Treatise on fundamental principles-of medicine, for 
example. 
Archencephala ark-en-sef'al-ah (arche, beginning, 
enkephalos, brain). Man, as having highest type of brain. 
Archenda, ark-en'dah. Powder of leaves of ligus- 
trum, used by Egyptians after bathing to obviate un- 
pleasant odor of feet. 
Archenteron, ark-en'ter-on (arche, beginning, en- 
teron, intestine). Primitive embryonic intestinal tube. 
Arches, aortic, ar'ches, a-or'tik. Five arteries in 
human embryonic life, connecting cardiac and dorsal 
aortas. A., ax'illary, fibres of latissimus dorsi muscle 
in axilla. A., bran'chlal, 3d, 4th, and 5th post-oral 
arches are so called, passing in early embryonic life 
from each side of front of head; osseous arches on 
which gills rest. A., cephal'ic, A., post-oral. A., 
cer'vical, A., aortic, 4th and 5th post-oral arches. A. 
of Cor'ti, see Corti. A. of foot, arches formed by 
bones of foot. A., gill, A., branchial. A., lat'eral 
infe'rior, osseous wall of oral and nasal cavities. A., 
lat'eral supe'rior, osseous covering of cerebrum, 
cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. A., limb, scapulae 
and clavicles and pelvic bones. A., osteoblas'tic, 
arches which osteoblasts produce in the stage of osse- 
ous development. A. of pal'ate, two in number on 
each side of throat, one anterior, the other posterior. 
Anterior arch arises from middle of velum palati at 
side of uvula, and is fixed to edge of base of tongue. 
Posterior arch has its origin from side of uvula, and 
is inserted into side of pharynx. Tonsils lie between 
the arches. A., pharynge'al, fifth pair of branchial 
arches. A., post-oral, falciform ridges from each 
side of front part of head in early embryonic life of 
vertebrate animals. A., subax'ial, A., post-oral. A., 
supercil'iary, superciliary ridges. A., vls'ceral, A., 
post-oral. 
Archespo'rium. Cell giving rise to spore mother- 
cells. 
Archetype, ark'e-tipe (arche, beginning, tupos, type). 
Ideal type of structure or organ, as in anatomy, with 
which all others can be compared. 
Arche'us. Archaeus. 
Archiater, ar-ke-ah'tur (archos, chief, iatros, physi- 
cian). Physician to a prince or king; chief physician. 
Archiblast, ark'e-blast (arche, blastos, germ). Tissue 
which was ab initio part of composition of embryo. 
Areola containing germinal vesicle. Epiblast. 
91 
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS 
Archiblas'tic. Eelating to the archiblast. 
Archigeni morbi, ar-kidg'a-ne mor'be (arche, begin- 
ning, ginomai, to be). Acute diseases, as bolding first 
rank. 
Archig'ony. Spontaneous generation. 
Archil, ar'kil. Eeddish-purple coloring matter from 
roccella and other lichens, used for staining animal 
tissues. 
Archimagia, ar-ke-mah'je-ah (archos, a chief, mageia, 
magic). Chemistry. 
Archineph'ric (arche, nephros, kidney). Eelating to 
archinephron, or primitive kidney. A. duct, duct of 
archinephron. 
Archinephron (same deriv.). First embryonic type 
of kidney, subsequently becoming divided into Wolff- 
ian body, pronephros in front of that body, and kid- 
ney proper. 
Archistome, ar'ke-stome (ctrc/ie, stoma, mouth). 
Opening through primitive streak, first perceptible 
indication of embryonic development into cavity of 
innermost germ-layer. Blastopore. 
Architectura apoplectica, ar-ke-tek-tu'rah ap-o- 
plek'te-kah. Apoplectic build. 
Architis, ar-ke'tis (archos, rectum). Inflammation 
of anus or rectum. 
Archo, ar'ko (archos, rectum). In composition, anus 
or rectum. 
Archocele, ar-ko-se'le (Eng. ar'ko-seel) (archo, kele, 
rupture). Prolapse of rectum; proctocele. A., va- 
gi'nal, hernia of rectum into vagina. 
Archocystocolposyrinx, ar-ko-sis-to-col-po-sir'inks 
(archo, kustis, bladder, kolpos, vagina, surinx, fistula). 
Eecto-vesico-vaginal fistula. 
Archocystosyrinx, ar-ko-sis-to-sir'inks (archo, kustis, 
bladder, surinx, fistula). Fistula of anus and urinary 
bladder. 
Archometrum, ar-ko-met'rum (archo, metron, meas- 
ure). Instrument for measuring rectum or anus or 
for dilating the anus. 
Archoptoma, ar-kop-to'mah (archo, ptoma, a fall). 
Projected mass in prolapse of the rectum. 
Archoptosis, ar-ko-to'sis (same etymon). Prolapse 
of rectum. 
Archorrhagia, ar-kor-raj'e-ah (archo, rhegnumi, to 
break forth). Hemorrhage from the anus. 
Archorrhoea, ar-kor-rhe'ah (archo, rheo, to flow). 
Discharge or passive hemorrhage from the rectum. 
Archos, ar'kos. Anus, rectum. 
Archostegnoma (ar-ko-steg-no'mah), Archostegno- 
sis (ar-ko-steg-no'sis), or Archosteno'sis (archo, stegnoo, 
to constrict). Stricture of the rectum. 
Archosyrinx, ar-ko-sir'inks. (archo, surinx, a pipe). 
Fistula in ano; rectal syringe. 
Arciform, ar'se-form (arx, top or riAge, forma, shape). 
Arcuate; curved like a bow. Epithet given to certain 
fibres, fibrie arciformes, of anterior pyramids of me- 
dulla oblongata, which take curved course around 
inferior extremity of each corpus olivare and ascend 
toward the cerebellum. A. band of Solly, arciform 
fibres passing across pyramid of medulla oblongata 
beneath corpus olivare. 
Arcocele, ar-ko-se'le (Eng. ar'ko-seel). Archocele. 
Arctation, ark -ta' shun (arcto, to make narrow). 
Contraction of natural opening or canal, especially 
vulva, orifice of uterus, or intestinal canal. Constipa- 
tion. Eeunion by suture or infibulation. 
Arctitudo, ark-te-tu'do. Arctation. 
Arctium, ark'te-um (arktos, bear, from rough, bristly 
fruit). A. lappa. A. Barda'na, A. lappa. A. lap'pa, 
Burdock. The root, lappa, is diuretic; seed, cathartic. It 
has been used in decoction in diseases of the skin and 
in syphilis. A. ma'jus, A. lappa. A. mi'nus, A. 
lappa. A. tomento'sum, A. lappa. 
Arctopus echinatus, ark'to-pus ek-in-at'us (arktos, 
bear, pous, foot). S. African plant, ord. Umbelliferse, 
demulcent and diuretic. Decoction of root is em- 
ployed in syphilis, lepra, and chronic cutaneous affec- 
tions. 
Arctostaphylos (ark-to-staf'el-os) glau'ca (arktos, 
bear, staphule, a grape). Manzanita, California shrub, 
same properties as A. uva ursi. A. u'va ur'si, Arbu- ARCTURA 1 
tusuva ursi. Several other species of Arctostaphylos 
grow in Mexico, A. discolor, A. pungens, A.tomentosa, 
with similar properties. 
Arctura, ark-tu'rah (arcto, to press close). Effects 
of a nail grown into the flesh. Arctation. A. un'- 
guium, growing in or inversion of the nails; see 
Onychogryphosis. 
Arcualis, ark-u-a'lis. Arched; name given to 
corona arcualis and ossa arcualia. 
Arcuate, ark'u-ate (arched) em'inence. Prom- 
inence of semicircular canal or temporal bone. A. 
fascic'ulus, bundle of fibres passing from frontal 
lobe through insula to occipital lobe. A. fi'bres, 
fibres in medulla oblongata, passing from anterior 
median fissure to olivary body and cerebellum, the 
deeper fibres constituting the arcuate formation. A. 
lig'ament, name given several ligaments from their 
shape, as those of diaphragm, pubes, and wrist. A. 
nu'cleus, small mass of gray matter on the surface 
of the anterior pyramid. 
Arcuation, ark-u-a'shun (arcus, bow). Gibbosity 
ot projection, as of sternum anteriorly. Curvature of 
bone. 
Arcua'tus. Arcuate. A. mor'bus, jaundice. 
Arcula, ark'u-lah (dim. of Area, press or chest). 
Orbit. A. cor'dis, pericardium. 
Arculse, ark'u-la (pl. of Arcula). Orbitar fossae. 
Arculus, ark'u-lus (dim. of Arcus, arch). Small 
arch; cradle. Semicircular box or basket for prevent- 
ing bed-clothes from coming in contact with affected 
parts. 
Arcus, ark'us. Arc or arch. A. aor'tae, arch of 
aorta. A. arteria'rum, arches of branches of renal 
artery in kidney. A. arterio'sus ma'nus, palmar 
arch. A. a. pal'pebrae, palpebral arch along edge of 
eyelid. A. a. pe'dis, plantar arch. A. atlan'tis, 
arch of atlas. A. axilla'ris, arch of axillary artery. 
A. brachia'lis, arch of brachial artery. A. car'pi 
dorsa'lis, posterior carpal arch. A. co'li intesti'ni, 
transverse colon. A. crura'lis, Poupart's ligament. 
A. c. profun'dus, deep crural arch. A. denta'lis, 
dental arch. A. fau'eium, arch of palate. A. glosso- 
palati'nus, anterior column of fauces. A. hi'licus, 
branch of renal artery sending branches to the pelvis 
of kidney. A. hypoglos'si, arch of hypoglossal nerve. 
A. juga'lis, zygomatic arch. A. lingua'lis, A. glosso- 
palatinus. A. ma'jor ventric'uli, great curvature of 
stomach. A. mala'ris, A. jugalis. A. medulla'ris, 
fornix. A. mi'nor ventric'uli, lesser curvature of 
stomach. A. palati'nus, anterior and posterior col- 
umns of fauces, and mucous fold passing from soft 
palate to epiglottis. A. palat'o-glos'sus, A. glosso- 
palatinus. A. palat'o-pharynge'us, posterior column 
of fauces. A. palma' ris, palmar arch. A. pha- 
rynge'us, A. palato-pharyngeus. A. pharyn'go-epi- 
glot'ticus, folds of mucous membrane from pharynx 
to epiglottis. A. pharyn'go-palati'nus, A. palato- 
pharyngeus. A. planta'ris, plantar arch. A. popli- 
te'us, arcuate popliteal ligament. A. pu'bis, pubic 
arch. A. seni'lis, lunar-shaped opacity at edge of 
cornea in advanced life, symptom of fatty degenera- 
tion. Gerotoxon. A. spira'lis, arch of Corti. A. sub- 
pu'bicus, pubic arch. A. supercilia'ris, superciliary 
arch. A. supercilia'ris vo'lae, superficial palmar 
arch. A. supraorbita'lis, supraorbital arch. A. 
tar'seus, tarsal arch. A. tar'si oc'uli, A. arteriosus 
palpebrae. A. thy'ro-cartilagin'eus, arch formed by 
superior thyroid arteries over thyroid cartilage. A. 
tonsilla'ris, isthmus of fauces. A. trachea'lis an- 
te'rior, arch formed by inferior thyroid arteries over 
trachea. A. un'guium, lunula; see Nail. A. vascu- 
lo'si, arches of branches of renal artery in kidney. 
A. veno'sus, arch connecting anterior jugular veins 
in neck; venous arch on palm of hand; venous arch 
over back of fingers. A. vertebra'lis, vertebral arch. 
A. viscera'lis, lower ring of typical vertebra, in 
which are enclosed viscera and important vessels. A. 
vola'ris, palmar arch. A. zygomat'icus, zygomatic 
arch. 
Arda (ar'dah) or Ardalos, ar-dal'os. Excrement. 
Ar'dent (ardeo, to burn). Hot, fiery, burning. A. 
92 
ARENOSUS 
fe'ver, intense fever; inflammatory fever. A. spir'its, 
see Spirit. 
Ardisia humilis, ar-dis'e-ah hu'mil-us. Badulam. 
Ar'dor, Heat; feeling of violent heat. A. febri'- 
lis, hot period of fever. A. stom'achi, pyrosis. A. 
uri'nse, scalding sensation occasioned by urine pass- 
ing over inflamed mucous membrane of urethra or 
over neck of bladder. A. vene'reus, venereal heat; 
sexual desire. A. ventric'uli, heartburn ; cardialgia; 
pyrosis. 
Area, a re-ah (void place, open surface). Space or 
surface; a form of alopecia in which hair changes 
color, but does not fall off; porrigo decalvans. A., 
aud'itory, area in second primary cerebral convolu- 
tion of dog, supposed to be associated with audition. 
A. Cel'si, porrigo decalvans. A. centra'lis, retinal 
spot in animals, similar to yellow spot in man. A., 
Cohn'heim's, section of muscle-column seen on trans- 
verse section. A. dif'fluens, alopecia areata. A. em- 
bryona'lis, A. germinativa. A., foe'tal, A. germina- 
tiva. A. germinati'va, germinal area or embryonic 
spot. A. hypoglos'si, inferior extremity of fasciculus 
teres, floor of fourth ventricle. A., mo'tor, motor 
centre. A., non-nu'cleated, spaces between vascular 
endothelial cells. A. nummula'ta, form of alopecia 
areata. A. opa'ca, A., opaque, opaque circle around 
area pellucida, deriving its color from the white 
yolk beneath the blastoderm; outer zone of the blas- 
toderm, from which foetal membranes are developed. 
A. ophi'asis, calvities; porrigo decalvans. A. op'- 
tica, field of vision. A. pellu'cida, elliptical de- 
pression in ovum, filled with pellucid fluid, in centre 
of which is the germ. A., sep'tal, inner surface of 
laminae of septum lucida. A. ser'pens, calvities; 
porrigo decalvans. A. serpigino'sa, spreading form 
of alopecia areata. A., transparent, A. pellucida. 
A. tyr'ia, alopecia areata. A. vagi, triangular space 
on floor of fourth ventricle. A. vasculo'sa, see 
C'irculus venosus. A. vitelli'na, part of blastodermic 
vesicle on outside of area vasculosa. 
Arese cribrosae, ah'ra-e krib-ro'sa. Small orifices 
at bottom of internal auditory meatus, through which 
pass branches of auditory nerve. 
Areas of medulla oblongata, a're-ahs, med-ul'lah 
ob-lon-gat'ah. Regions of that portion of the ner- 
vous system indicated by roots of nerves passing out- 
ward from the nuclei. A. of skull, regions of cra- 
nium indicating positions of convolutions of the 
brain. 
Areca. Fruit-Areca nut, Betel nut-of Areca cat- 
echu, ord. Palma?; astringent, anthelmintic, and tonic. 
It enters into composition of Betel, great Oriental 
masticatory; seed is astringent. A. cat'echu, areca. 
A. fau'fel, areca. A. nut, see Areca. 
Arecin, ar'es-in. Base from cinchona-bark, isomeric 
with brucin (C23H2fiN2O). 
Are'coline. C8N13NO2. Alkaloid from seeds of 
Areca catechu; a soluble liquid. Anthelmintic; 
poisonous, having action on the heart similar to mus- 
carine. Dose, gr. 
Arefaction, a-re-fak'shun (areo, to dry, facia, to 
make). Process of drying substances prior to pul- 
verization. 
Arekane, ar'e-kane. Alkaloid from areca-nut; 
sialagogue and purgative. 
Arena, ar-a'nah (areo, to be dry). Sand; gravel. 
Arenamen, ar-en-ah'men. Bole Armenian. 
Arenaria rubra, ar-en-ah're-ah ru'brah. Plant, 
ord. Caryophyllese, common near Algiers, growing in 
sandy soils, and hence called sabline ; used in Sicily 
and Malta, in decoction, in vesical catarrh and gravel. 
Arenation, ar-e-na'shun. Sand- or earth-bath; ap- 
plication of liot sand to the body. See Bath, sand. 
Arenga saccharifera, ar-en'gah sak-kar-if'er-ah. 
By incision of this Indian tree juice is obtained, used 
under name of toddy; a kind of sago is obtained from 
the pith. 
Arenosa urina, ah-ren-o'sah u-re'nah (arena, sand). 
Sandy urine ; urine when it deposits sandy sediment. 
Arenosus, ar-en-o'sus. Sabulous. One who passes 
sandy urine. ARENULA 
Arenula, ar-en'u-lah (dim. of Arena, sand). Gravel. 
Areola, ar-e'o-lah (dim. of Area). Interstices be- 
tween fibres composing organs, or those existing be- 
tween laminte or between vessels interlacing with 
each other. Also, colored circle surrounding the 
nipples, areola mammse or papillaris, which becomes 
much darker during pregnancy. Circle surrounding 
certain vesicles, pustules, etc., as of small-pox, vaccine 
vesicle, etc. Nucleus of a cell. A. of breast, see 
Areola. A. of Chaussier, zone around malignant 
pustule. A. embryona'lis, area, embryonic. A. 
mam'mss, A. of breast; see Areola. A. of nipple, see 
Areola. A. papil'lse or papilla'ris, A. of breast; see 
Areola. A., tu'bercles of, see Mamma. A. umbili- 
ca'lis, dark zone around the umbilicus, especially 
during pregnancy. 
Areolar, ar-e'o-lar. Appertaining to an areola. 
A. can'cer, colloid cancer. A. exhala'tions, recre- 
mentitial secretions effected within the organs of 
sense, as aqueous, crystalline, and vitreous humors, 
etc., or in areolar tissue of parenchymatous and other 
structures. A. spaces, open places in spongy part of 
bones. A. tis'sue, cellular tissue. 
Areolate, ar-e'o-late. Divided into areolae. 
Areometer, ar-e-om'e-tur (araios, light, metron, 
measure). Variously called araeometer, hydrometer, 
pycnometer, granimeter, alcbolometer, alcoometer, 
aerostatic balance. Instrument first employed to 
take specific gravity of fluids lighter than water; 
now used for liquids generally. 
Areometry, a-re-om'e-try. Science or method of 
measuring specific gravity of fluids. 
Areotica, ar-a-ot'ik-ah. Remedies which dilute the 
secretions and increase perspiration. 
Arete, ar'a-ta (power). Mental or corporeal vigor. 
Arethusa (ar-eth-u'zah) bulbo'sa. Indigenous. 
Bruised bulbs are used in toothache and as cata- 
plasms to tumors. 
Ar'gel. Cynanchum olerefolium. 
Argema, ar'ga-mah (argos, white). White spot or 
ulceration of eye; leucoma. 
Argemone Mexicana, ar-ge-mo'na meks-ik-an'ah. 
Thorn poppy, Prickly poppy, Yellow thistle. Native of 
Mexico, but naturalized elsewhere. Ord. Papaveracese. 
Juice, resembling gamboge, is hydragogue. Seeds are 
used in the West Indies as a substitute for ipecacu- 
anha. It has a cathartic oil-Shealkanta oil, Karwah 
thistle oil-yielded in large quantity by the seeds, 
like castor oil in action. Flowers are hypnotic. 
Argentation, ar-jen-ta'shun. Mercurial injection 
of anatomical specimen; staining of microscopic prep- 
aration with nitrate of silver. Constitutional effects 
of that salt. 
Argenteria, ar-jen-te'ri-a. Potentilla anserina. 
Argenti chloridum, ar-jen'te klo'ri-dum. Chloruret, 
chloride, or muriate of silver. This preparation has 
been used in syphilis, and the following compounds 
of silver have been similarly employed: the cyanide 
or cyanuret; the iodide, Argenti iodidum, loduret of 
silver ; the oxide, Argenti oxidum, and the chloride of 
ammonium and silver, Argenti et ammoniie chloridum, 
Chloruret of silver and ammonia, Ammonia-chloride of 
silver. At first these preparations were administered 
iatraleptically on the gums; chloride, cyanide, and 
iodide in dose of of a grain; chloride of silver 
and ammonia of a grain, and oxide of silver 
and divided silver in dose of |th and of a 
grain, but somewhat larger doses are now prescribed 
internally. A. cyan'idum or cyanure'tum, Cyan- 
ide or Cyanuret of silver, is officinal in U. S. Ph., but 
is not given medicinally, its only use being in the 
manufacture of hydrocyanic acid. A. cyanure'tum, 
argenti cyanidum. A. io'didum, see Argenti chlori- 
dum. A. iodure'tum, see Argenti chloridum. A. ni'- 
tras, Nitrate of silver. In crystals, or in fused state, 
this latter is admitted into most pharmacopoeias, 
and referred to as Argenti nitras, Argenti nitras fusus 
or fusa or fusum, Lunar caustic. Nitrate of silver 
is prepared by action of nitric acid on silver. Fused 
nitrate is made by melting nitrate with 4 per cent, of 
hydrochloric acid. Dilute nitrate of silver, argenti 
93 
I ARGYROTROPHEMA 
nitras dilutus (Ph. U. S.), is fused nitrate, melted with 
equal weight of potassium nitrate, and is used in 
ophthalmic surgery. Nitrate of silver is tonic and 
astringent. It is given in chorea, epilepsy, etc.; lo- 
cally, as astringent and escharotic. Dose, gr. | to 
gr. | in pill, three times a day. When silver is com- 
bined with iodine, it is said to have the same effect 
as the nitrate, and not to produce slate color of 
surface, macula argentea, which follows protracted use 
of the latter. A. ox'idum, Oxide of silver, is officinal 
in the U. S. Ph. and Br. Dose, gr. 1, as a tonic and 
astringent in many affections of the stomach and 
bowels, also in epilepsy and neuralgia; externally, in 
the form of ointment, to venereal sores. A. et potas'- 
sii ni'tras (Ph. Br.), nitrate of silver and potassium; 
mitigated caustic; nitrates of silver and potassium 
fused together; used externally like fused nitrate of 
silver, but not so energetic. 
Argentic, ar-jen'tik. Containing silver or one of 
its preparations; caused by silver, as argentic sto- 
matitis. 
Argentina vulgaris, ar-jen-til'lah vul-gah'ris. Po- 
tentilla anserina. 
Argentine. Pertaining to silver, as argentine so- 
lution or solution of salt of silver. Potentilla an- 
serina. 
Argentum, ar-gen'tum (argos, white). Silver. Solid 
metal of a shining white appearance, crystallizable in 
triangular pyramids; fusible a little above a red heat, 
and volatizable ; sp. gr. 10.4. Not used in medicine, 
unless as silver-leaf or silvering pills. A. chlora'tum, 
argenti chloridum. A. cyanogena'tum, argentic cyan- 
idum. A. divi'sum, metallic silver, in very fine pow- 
der, recommended internally in syphilis. A. folia'- 
tum, silver-leaf. A. fugiti'vum, hydrargyrum. A. 
fu'sum, hydrargyrum. A. ioda'tum, see Argenti 
chloridum. A. liq'uidum, hydrargyrum. A. mo'- 
bile, hydrargyrum. A. muriat'icum, argenti chlor- 
idum. A. muriat'icum ammonia'tum, see Argenti 
chloridum. A. oxyda'tum, argenti oxidum. A. puri- 
flca'tum (Ph. Br.), refined silver; pure metallic silver. 
A. vi'vum, hydrargyrum. 
Argil (ar'jil), pure (argos, white). Argilla pura. 
Argilla, ar-jil'lah (argos, white). Argilla pura. A. 
acet'ica, alumina; acetas. A. bo'lus fla'va, terra Lem- 
nia. A. bo'lus ru'bra, bole Armenian. A. ferrugin'ea 
ru'bra, bole Armenian. A. hydra'ta, A. pura. A. 
incarna'ta, bole Armenian. A. ka'li sulphu'rica, 
alumen. A. ni'trica, aluminium nitrate. A. pal'lida, 
bolus alba. A. pu'ra, prepared by drying alum and 
exposing it to red heat until sulphuric acid is driven 
off; used in indigestion as antacid, and in vomiting 
and diarrhoea with acidity. Burnt alum. A. sulphu'- 
rica alcalis'ta, alumen. A. sulphu'rica us'ta, alu- 
men exsiccatum. A. vitriola'ta, alumen. 
Argillaceous (ar-jil-la'shus). Clayey. A. earth, 
alumina ; has been used in indigestion as antacid. 
Argillse acetas, ar-jil'la as-a'tas. Alumins® acetas. 
A. sul'phas, aluminii sulphas. A. supersul'phas al- 
calisa'tum, alumen. 
Argol (ar'gol), red. Potassae supertartras impurus. 
A., white, potassse supertartras impurus. 
Argumentum integritatis, ar-gu-men'tum in-teg- 
re-tat'is. Hymen. 
Argyll-Robertson (Ar'gyl - Rob'ert-son) pu'pil or 
sign. Small pupil which fails to contract under 
influence of light, but responds to efforts at accom- 
modation ; reflex iridoplegia; absence of pupil reflex. 
Argyreia arborea, ar-jir-i'ah ar-bor'e-ah. Chinese 
tree, leaves and root of which are used for poultices. 
A. Malabar'ica, used in Malabar for abscesses and 
erysipelas. A. specio'sa, used in India for poul- 
tices. 
Argyria (ar-jyr'e-ah), Argyriasis (ar-jyr-e'as-is), or 
Argyrosis, ar-jyr-o'sis (arguros, silver). Discoloration 
of skin occasioned by internal use of nitrate of silver; 
deposit of silver in internal organs. 
Argyrochseta, ar-jyr-o-ke'tah (arguros, silver, 
chaite, hair). Matricaria. 
Argyrotrophema, ar-jyr-o-trof-a'mah (arguros, sil- 
ver, trophe, nourishment). Blanc mange. ARGYRUS * 
Argyrus, ar'jyr-us. Argentum. 
Arheumatic (ah-roo-mat'ik) or Arrheumatic (a, 
rheuma, fluxion or rheumatism). One without rheu- 
matism. 
Arhyth'mia. See Arrythmia. 
Arhythmic (a-rith'mic) or Arhyth'mos (a, rhuthmos, 
rhythm). Not regular or rhythmic, as the pulse. 
Ar'ia. Crategus aria. A. catti'va, see Miasma. 
Arica, ah-re'kah. Bark like other cinchonas, from 
Cinchona pubescens of Peru. 
Aricina (ah-ris-e'nah), Aric'ia, Ar'icine (from Arica 
in S. America). Alkaloid in Cusco and cuprea barks 
similar in properties to cinchona. 
Aricymon, ah-ris'e-mon (ari, an intensive particle, 
kuo, to conceive). Female who conceives readily. 
Aridity, a-rid'it-e (aridus, dry). Dryness of any 
organ, as the skin or tongue ; lanuginous appearance 
of hair, as if covered with dust. 
Aridura, ar-id-u'rah (dryness). Wasting or emacia- 
tion; hectic fever; marasmus; atrophy. A. cor'dis, 
atrophy of the heart. A. hep'atis, atrophy of the 
liver. 
Arika (ah-re'kah). See Spirit. 
Aril'lus myris'ticse. Mace. 
Arissema (ar-is-e'mah) atroru'bens. Arum tri- 
phyllum. A. dracon'tium, Arum dracontium. A. 
Thunber'gii, Arum dracontium. A. triphyl'lum, 
Arum triphyllum. 
Aristalthaea, ar-is-tal-the'ah (aristos, best, althaea'). 
Althaea. 
Aristol, ar'is-tol. Dithymoldiiodide; annidalin. 
Red amorphous powder resulting from decomposition 
of solution of iodine in iodide of potassium by alco- 
holic solution of thymol. It was introduced as a sub- 
stitute for iodoform, resembling it in therapeutic 
action when used externally in dermatology, gyne- 
cology, etc., and being without odor. 
Aristolochia, ar-is-to-lok'e-ah (aristos, best, locheia, 
parturition, because supposed to aid parturition). 
Birthwort, ord. Aristolochiaceae. A. anguici'da, juice 
of root said to paralyze or kill snakes, hence its name 
"snake-killer." A. biloba'ta, leaves used in W. In- 
dies as remedy for itch; root is emmenagogue. A. 
bractea'ta, Indian variety; cathartic, emmenagogue, 
anthelmintic. A. ca'va, Fumaria bulbosa. A. clem- 
ati'tis, Upright birthwort. The root is stimulant and 
emmenagogue, and used in amenorrhoea, chlorosis, 
gout, and rheumatism. A. contor'ta, root is purga- 
tive and anthelmintic. A. cret'ica, A. clematitis. 
A. faba'cea, Fumaria bulbosa. A. fragrantis'sima, 
stems used in Mexico under name guaco in intermit- 
tent fevers and affections of abdomen. A. grandi- 
flo'ra, leaves of this plant of Jamaica and Guatemala 
are used for baths, gout, and rheumatism; the plant 
in dropsy and dyspepsia. A. hasta'ta, see A. serpent- 
aria. A. hirsu'ta, see A. serpentaria. A. In'dica, 
root of this Indian shrub is used in gout, intermittent 
fever, amenorrhoea, etc. A. lon'ga, Long birthwort. 
Virtues same as A. clematitis. A. Mexica'na, Mexi- 
can species, antispasmodic. A. odoratis'sima, Mexi- 
can species, tonic, stimulant, diaphoretic. A. pal'- 
lida, grows in S. Europe; used in asthma, gout, 
amenorrhoea, etc. A. pistolochi'a, aromatic odor ami 
acrid, bitter taste; properties same as A. clematitis. 
A. reticula'ta, see A. serpentaria. A. rotun'da, round 
birthwort; virtues same as A. clematitis. A. sagit- 
ta'ta, employed indiscriminately with A. serpentaria. 
A. serpenta'ria, Serpentaria, Virginia snakeroot, Ser- 
pentary root, Snakeroot birthwort, Snakeweed, Snagrel. 
Virtues of the root, Serpentaria (Ph. U. S.), tonic, 
stimulant, diuretic, and diaphoretic; employed in 
debility, intermittents, etc. Aristolochia hirsuta, A. 
hastata, and A. reticulata or Red River snakeroot, in- 
digenous, are employed indiscriminately with A. ser- 
pentaria under name serpentaria or Virginia snake- 
root ; virtues appear to reside in bitter extractiform 
matter called serpentarin. A. si'pho, Dutchman's pipe, 
has virtues like those of A. serpentaria. A. ten'uis, 
A. clematitis. A. tomento'sa, indigenous, has vir- 
tues like those of A. serpentaria. A. trif'ida, A. 
trilobata. A. triloba'ta, plant of Surinam and Ja- 
94 
ARNICZE 
maica, possessing general virtues of Aristolochiacese. 
A. vulga'ris rotun'da, Fumaria bulbosa. 
Aristolochic, ar-is-to-lok'ik. Remedy supposed to 
promote flow of lochia or to expel the placenta. 
Aristolochin, ar-is-tol-ok'in. Bitter substance from 
roots of Aristolochia clematitis and A. serpentaria. 
Aristotelia, ar-is-to-ta'le-ah (from Aristotle). Leaves 
of this Chilian plant are used for wash for ulcers, par- 
ticularly those of the mouth ; the plant is antipyretic. 
Ar'istotle, experi'ment of. Sensation of presence 
of two substances when a single substance is placed 
under the crossed fingers. 
Aristrocar'dia (aristeros, left, kardia, heart). Dis- 
placement or deviation of heart leftward. 
Arithmomania, ar-ith-mo-man'e-ah. Morbid pas- 
sion for arithmetical calculations or problems. 
Arkeion, ark-i'on. Arctium lappa. 
Arm. Part of the body between the shoulder and 
the wrist, or between the shoulder and the elbow 
only. A. jerk, produced by striking the tendon of the 
biceps at the elbow, or of the triceps muscle above the 
olecranon. See Reflex. 
Ar'ma. Penis. A. ven'tris, penis; male genera- 
tive apparatus. 
Armamentarium (ar-mah-men-tah're-um) or Ar- 
marium, ar-mah're-um (armo, to equip). Arsenal. 
A. chirur'gicum, arsenal; collection of surgical in- 
struments. A. luci'nse, collection of obstetrical in- 
struments. A. portab'ile, portable case of instru- 
ments. 
Ar'matory un'guent. Salve supposed to cure 
wounds by sympathy. 
Armatura, ar-mah-tu'rah. Amnion. 
Armature, arm'a-ture. The keeper of a magnet. 
Arme, ar'ma (aro, to adapt). Physiological or me- 
chanical junction or union of parts. Suture, as of 
the cranium. 
Armed, armd. Fortified with some other substance, 
as an instrument armed with caustic. Having an 
armature. 
Armeniaca epirotica, ar-men-e'ak-ah ep-ir-ot'ik-ah. 
Prunus Armeniaca. A. ma'lus, apricot; see Primus. 
A. vulga'ris, Prunus Armeniaca. 
Armenian (ar-me'ne-an) bole. See Bole. 
Armeria vulgaris, arm-a're-ah vul-gah'ris. Sea 
pink; thrift; European species; leaves are astringent 
in diarrhoea and menorrhagia, and used as gargles. 
Ar mill se manus membranosse, ar-mil'le ma'nus 
mem-bran-o'sa (armilia, bracelet). Annular liga- 
ments of carpus. A. ner'vi trigem'ini, ganglion of 
Gasser. 
Armoniacum, ar-mo-ne'ak-um. Ammoniac, gum. 
Ar'mor. Condom. 
Armoracia, ar-mo-rah'se-ah. Fresh root of Cochle- 
aria armoracia. Armoracia? radix (Ph. Br.), horse- 
radish root. Internally, stimulant; externally, rube- 
facient ; employed as condiment. A. rustica'na, Coch- 
learia armoracia. A. sati'va, Cochlearia armoracia. 
Ar'mus. Humerus; arm ; shoulder. A. sum'mus, 
acromion. 
Ar'my itch. Itching skin diseases of soldiers, such 
as scabies, ptheiriasis (lousiness), etc. 
Arn. Alnus glutinosa. 
Arnaldia, ar-nal'de-ah. Disease once prevalent in 
England, accompanied with loss of hair; by some 
supposed to have been syphilis. 
Arnica montana, ar'nik-ah mon-tan'ah. Arnica, 
Leopard's bane, Mountain arnica, Accident plant. Ord. 
Composite. Plant and flowers, Arnicas flores, U. S. Ph., 
and root, Arnicas radix, Ph. IL S. and Br., are narcotic, 
stimulant, emmenagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, etc., 
and as such have been given in amaurosis, paralysis, 
all nervous affections, rheumatism, gout, chlorosis, etc. 
Dose, gr. v-x, in powder. In large doses it is poison- 
ous. See Extractum and Tinctura and Arnicin. A. 
mol'lis and A. nudicaul'is are supposed to have 
medicinal virtues like the last. A. plauen'sis, Arnica 
montana. A. spu'ria, Inula dysenterica. A. Sue- 
den'sis, Inula dysenterica. 
Arnicae flores, ar'ne-ka flo'res. See Arnica mon- 
tana. A. ra'dix, see Arnica montana. ARNICIN I 
Ar'nicin. Glucoside derived from leaves and 
flowers of Arnica montana; not used medicinally. 
C26H30O4. 
Arnoglossum, ar-no-glos'sum (arnos, lamb, glossa, 
tongue, from shape of leaves). Plantago. 
Ar'nold's fascic'ulus. Frontal tract of basal part 
of crura cerebri. A.'s fold, semilunar fold of mucous 
membrane in lacrymal sac. A.'s ganglion, otic 
ganglion. A.'s nerve, auricular branch of pneumo- 
gastric nerve. 
Arnotta (ar-not'tah) or Arnot'to. Terra Orleana. 
Arnott's dilator, ar'not's dil-a'tor. See Dilator, Ar- 
nott's. 
Arnut, ar'nut. Bunium bulbocastanum. 
Aroei'ra. Schinus arceira. 
Aroma, ar-o'mah. Odorous part of plants; emana- 
tion, frequently imponderable, from bodies acting on 
organ of smell and varying with body exhaling it; 
spice. 
Aromadendron, ar-om-ah-den'dron. Species of 
magnoliaceous plant of Java; used as tonic and anti- 
hysteric. 
Aromatic (ar-o-mat'ik) acids. Acids of benzine 
group of hydrocarbons. A. bark, bark of Canella alba, 
having a pleasant, fragrant smell. Any odoriferous 
substance from vegetable kingdom, containing much 
volatile oil or light and expansible resin. Aromatics 
are used in perfumes, in seasoning, and embalming; 
in medicine they are stimulants, as ginger, cinnamon, 
mint, etc. Term applied to several confections, spirits, 
powders, vinegars, wines, etc; see Confection, Spiritus, 
Pulvis, Acetum, Vinum, etc. A. group, series of hydro- 
carbons, CioHis in composition. A. spe'cies, collec- 
tion of a number of ' aromatic leaves or powders, 
used as fomentation, usually warmed, over a painful 
spot. A. vin'egar, aromatic oil dissolved in vinegar. 
Aromatize, a-ro'mat-ize. To add to a mixture or 
potion some aromatic to mask taste or render it 
more agreeable. 
Aromatopola, ar-o-mah-to-po'lah (aroma, poleo, to 
sell). Apothecary or druggist; one who sells spices. 
Aromine, ar-o'meen. Alkaloid sometimes obtained 
from urine. 
Ar'on. Arum. 
Aroph, ar'of. Lithontriptic remedy, mandragora 
according to some; mixture of bread, saffron, and 
wine. A. Paracel'si, ferrum ammoniatum. 
Aroyan. Cheken. 
Arquatus (ar-kwah'tus, arched; jaundiced) mor'- 
bus. Jaundice. 
Arrack, ar-rack'. Arack. See Spirit. 
Arraphon, ar'raf-on (a, rhaphe, suture). Cranium 
without sutures. 
Arrectio, ar-rek'she-oh (arrigo, to set upright). 
Erection. 
Arrector, ar-rek'tor. Erector. 
Arrecto'res pilo'rum (erectors of hairs). Unstriped 
muscular fibres which act in producing goose-flesh 
by erecting the hair. 
Arrenotocia, ar-ren-o-to'se-ah. Arrhenotocia. 
Arreptio, ar-rep'she-o. Insanity. 
Arrest. Action of checking or stopping, as A. of 
development in the evolution of a part or organ; A. 
of foetal head, when latter is detained in the pelvic 
cavity in the act of parturition. 
Arresta bovis, ar-res'tah bo'vis. Ononis spinosa. 
Arrest'ed. Term applied in obstetrics to head of 
child when delayed in cavity of pelvis. 
Arrhen, ar'reu. Male. 
Arrhenocitia (ar-rhen-o-sish'e-ah) or Arrhenocoe'- 
tia (arrhen, male, coitus). Paederasty. 
Arrhenotocia, ar-rhen-o-to'se-ah (arrhen, male, to- 
kos, parturition). Production of males only. 
Arrhenotocous, ar-rhen-ot'o-kus (same etymon). 
Giving birth to males only. 
Arrhepis, ar'rhep-is (arrhepes, motionless). Elev- 
enth dorsal vertebra. 
Arrheumatic, ar-roo-mat'ik. Free from rheuma- 
tism. 
Arrhinencephalia, ar-rin-en-sef-al'e-ah (a, rhis, 
nose, enkephalos, brain). Monstrosity with absent or 
95 
ARSENAL 
defective nose and brain; sometimes it is unilat- 
eral. 
Ar'rhinus (a, rhis, nose). Having the nose absent 
or defective. 
Arrhoea, ar-rhe'ah (a, rheo, to flow). Suppression 
of any discharge; amenorrhcea. 
Arrhostema (ar-rhos-ta'mah) ot Arrhostia, ar-rhos'- 
te-ah (arrhosteo, to.lose strength). Disease; debility. 
Arrhythmia, ar-rhith'me-ah. Want of rhythm. A. 
cor'dis, irregular action of the heart. 
Arrhythmous, ar-rhith'mus (a, rhuthmos, rhythm). 
Irregular in rhythm. 
Arrosion, ar-ro'zhun. Ulceration or erosion. 
Arrow arum, ar'row ah'rum. Pellandra Virginica. 
A. caus'tic, see Caustic. A. head or A. leaf, Sagit- 
taria variabilis. A. poi'son. Different kinds of arrow- 
poison have been used in different regions; thus in 
New Granada the skin of a batrachian has yielded 
batrachine; from the Erythrophlceum Guinense, bou- 
rane, used by natives of Africa; curare, ourari, or 
woorara, by those of South America; juice of African 
tulip, Haemanthustoxicarius, and ouabaio, from Carissa, 
by the East coast Africans. 
Arrow root (araruta, native name for it). Fecula 
of rhizoma of Maranta arundinacea, ord. Maranta- 
cese, which, like all feculae, is emollient and nutri- 
tive, when prepared with water, milk, etc. Florida 
arrow root, coonti or coontie, is derived from Zamia 
integrifolia or Z. pumila, sugar pine, ord. Cycadacese; 
Bermuda arrow root being obtained from Maranta 
arundinacea; Talcahuana arrow root from Alstroeme- 
ria, fam. Amaryllidacese, of tropical America and 
extra-tropical Australia; Brazilian from Manihot uti- 
lissima. Excellent arrow root is prepared in East 
Indies from root of Maranta Indica, of Curcuma an- 
gustifolia and C. leucorrhiza, ord. Zingiberacese; 
Tahiti arrow root from Tacca Oceanica and T. pinnatif- 
ida. Used as bland and nutritious article of diet. A. 
r., Af'rican, that obtained from Southern Africa. A. 
r., Bermu'da, see Arrow root. A. r., can'na, canna 
starch. A. r., cur'cuma, variety from C. rubescens. 
A. r., com'mon or Eng'lish, that derived from So- 
lanum tuberosum. A. r., East In'dian, A. r. from 
Madras and Ceylon, curcuma A. r. A. r., maize, 
corn-starch. A. r., Mal'abar, curcuma A. r. A. r., 
Port'land, that derived from Arum maculatum. A. 
r., pota'to, potato starch. A. r., Sierra Leone, A. r., 
African. A. r., Tahi'ti, Tacca starch, Otaheite salep ; 
fecula of Tacca Oceanica. A. r., Talcahuan'a, see 
Arrow root. 
Arrow weed. Colligraja, Sagittaria variabilis. 
Arrow wood. Euonymus, Viburnum dentatum. 
Arrow wounds. These belong to the class of 
penetrating and punctured wounds, with more or less 
laceration. 
Arrythmia, ar-rith'me-ah. Irregularity; a term 
applied particularly to the pulse. 
Ars. Art, occupation. A. cabalis'tica, cabal. A. 
chemiat'rica, medical application of electricity; 
chemical therapeutics. A. clysmat'ica no'va, infusion 
of medicines; transfusion of blood. A. coquina'ria, 
culinary art. A. cosmet'lca, cosmetics. A. culina'ria, 
culinary art. A. empir'ica, empiricism. A. for'mu- 
las med'icas concinnan'di, art of writing prescrip- 
tions. A. hermet'ica, chemistry. A. homceopath'ica, 
homoeopathy. A. hydriat'rica, hydrotherapeutics. 
A. infuso'ria, infusion of medicines. A. machaon'ia, 
medicine or medication. A. maeu'tica or maieu'tica, 
obstetrics. A. majo'rum, chemistry. A. meden'di or 
med'ica, medicine. A. obstetrica'ria, obstet'ricans, 
or obstetri'cia, obstetrics. A. sanan'di, healing art. 
A. sanan'di cum expectatio'ne, treatment by expec- 
tation. A. separato'ria, chemistry. A. signa'ta, 
cabal. A. spagyr'ica, chemistry. A. sphyg'mica, 
art of examining and determining the pulse. A. 
veterina'ria, veterinary art. A. zoiat'rica, veteri- 
nary art. 
Arsacum (ar-sah'cum) or Arsatum, ar-sah'tum. Sa- 
tyriasis ; nymphomania. 
Arsenal, ar'se-nal. Surgical arsenal or armamenta- 
rium ; collection of surgical instruments; work con- ARSENAMINE 
taining description of surgical instruments. Obstetri- 
cal armamentarium has the same significance in regard 
to obstetrics. 
Arsenamine, ar-sen'a-meen. Arseniuretted hydro- 
gen or arsenious hydride. 
Ar'senate. Arseniate. 
Arsenias, ar-se'ne-as. Arseniate. A. ferro'so-fer'- 
ricus, arseniate of iron. A. ferro'sus, arseniate of 
iron. A. ka'licus, arseniate of potassium. A. nat'- 
rieus, arseniate of sodium. A. potas'sicus, arseniate 
of potassium. A. so'dicus, arseniate of sodium. 
Arseniasis, ar-sen-e'as-is. Poisoning by arsenic. 
Arseniate, ar-se'ne-ate. Salt formed by combina- 
tion of arsenic acid with salifiable base, as arseniate 
of ammonium, antimony, iron, or soda. A. of am- 
mo'nium, (NH<)2H,AsO4. This preparation has been 
employed in inveterate cutaneous diseases; a grain 
dissolved in an ounce of distilled water, and 20 to 25 
drops commenced with as a dose. A. of i'ron, ferrous 
arseniate, Ferri arsenias. This preparation has been 
applied externally to cancerous ulcers. The arseniate 
has also been given internally in cancerous affections, 
in dose of of a grain, and in chronic cutaneous 
diseases. A. of potas'sium, arseniate of potassa. 
Properties same as those of arsenious acid; it is sel- 
dom used. A. of qui'nia, quinise arsenias. A. of 
so'dium, Sodii arsenias (Ph. U. S.), arseniate of 
sodium. Made by mixing powdered arsenious acid, 
nitrate of sodium, and dried carbonate of sodium, 
heating until effervescence ceases, and putting the 
fused salt when solidified into boiling water, filter- 
ing, and crystallizing. It is the basis of Pearson's 
solution, Liquor arsenicalis Pearsonii, formed of a 
grain of crystallized arseniate to a fluidounce of dis- 
tilled water. Dose, gtt. xx. Liquor sodre arseniatis, 
Liquor sodii arseniatis (Ph. U. S.), solution of arse- 
niate of sodium, is much stronger. 
Arsenic, ar'sen-ik (arsen, vigorous). Arsenium. 
Solid metal, s. g. 5.88; steel-gray color; granular 
texture; very brittle; volatilizing before melting; 
very combustible and acidifiable; not dangerous of 
itself, but by virtue of the facility with which it absorbs 
oxygen. Arsenic, popularly so called, generally signi- 
fies arsenious acid. A. ac'id, acidum arsenicum. A. 
disul'phide, realgar. A. hydrochlo'ride, solution of, 
liquor arsenici chloridi. A., i'odide of, arsenii iodi- 
dum (Ph. U. S.), formed by combination of arsenic 
and iodine; applied externally in tubercular cuta- 
neous affections especially; internally in dose of tenth 
of a grain in similar affections. A. and mer'eury, 
i'odide of, Double iodide of mercury and arsenic, 
Iodo-arsenite of mercury. A compound proposed as 
more efficacious than either iodide of arsenic or 
iodide of mercury, and given in the form of 
liquor arsenii et hydrargyri iodidi (Donovan's so- 
lution, from its proposer). It is made by dissolving 
equal weights of teriodide of arsenic and mercuric or 
red iodidet iu a measured quantity of distilled wa- 
ter. The dose is Iflv, x, or xv three times a day in 
water. It has been used successfully in many cuta- 
neous diseases, such as psoriasis, impetigo, porrigo, 
lepra, pityriasis, and venereal skin diseases. A., 
ox'ide of, arsenicum album. A., ox'ide of, white, 
arsenicum album. A., red sul'phuret of, realgar. 
A. trisul'phide, orpiment. A., white, arsenicum 
album. 
Arsenical, ar-sen'ik-al. Relating, or appertaining 
to, or containing, arsenic. A. green, aceto-arsenite of 
copper. A. pow'der of Frdre Cdme and of Justa- 
mond, see Powder, arsenical, k. rash, eczema arsen- 
icale, produced by chronic use of arsenic. A. solu'tion, 
see Arseniate of sodium and Liquor potassii arsenitis. 
Arsenicalism, ar-sen'ik-al-izm. Peculiar gastro- 
enteric symptoms, oedema, etc., characteristic of large 
doses of arsenical preparations, or of their chronic use. 
Arsenici hydriodas, ar-sen'is-e hid-re'o-das. Ar- 
senic, iodide of. A. io'didum, arsenic, iodide of. A. 
iodure'tum, arsenic, iodide of. A. terio'didum, ar- 
senic, iodide of. 
Arseniciasis (ar-sen-is-e'as-is) or Arcenlcism, ar- 
sen'is-ism, Poisoning by arsenic, 
96 
» ARTEMISIA 
Arsenicized, ar-sen'is-ized. Term applied to sub- 
stances containing arsenic. 
Arsenicophagy, ar-sen-ik-of'a-ge (arsenic, phdgo, 
to eat). Arsenic-eating is said to be practised in moun- 
tain regions of Austria and Austrian Italy under the 
idea that it favors nutrition and improves respiration. 
Arsenicum, ar-sen'ik-um. Arsenic. A. al'bum, 
White arsenic, Oxide of arsenic, Ratsbane, Acidum ar- 
seniosum (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Arsenious acid, White 
oxide of arsenic. Au acid met with in commerce in 
compact white masses; of vitreous aspect, opaque, 
acrid and nauseous taste; volatilizable by heat, and 
exhaling odor of garlic; soluble in water, alcohol, and 
oil. This is meant by the name arsenic, as commonly 
used. Purified by sublimation, it is employed in 
medicine; is tonic and escharotic, and is a most viru- 
lent mineral poison. It is used in intermittents, peri- 
odical headaches, neuroses, etc. Dose, gr. to in 
pill. Its officinal preparations (Ph. U. S.) are Liquor 
acidi arseniosi and Liquor potassii arsenitis. A. fla'- 
vum, orpiment. A. ioda'tum, arsenic, iodide of. A. 
ru'brum facti'tium, realgar. 
Arsenii iodidum, ar-sen'e-e i-o'did-um. Arsenic, 
iodide of. 
Arseniophthisis, ar-sen-e-o-te'sis (arsenic, phthisis, 
wasting). Wasting away after continued use of ar- 
senic ; arsenicalism. 
Arsenious acid, ar-sen'e-us as'id. Acidum arseni- 
osum. A. bro'mide, AsBn, crystalline compound of 
the two elements named. A. chlo'ride, AsCls, liquid, 
from combination of the two elements named. A. hy'- 
dride, AsII.3, arseniuretted hydrogen. A. i'odide, 
Asia, arsenic, iodide of. 
Arsenis, ar'sen-is. Arsenite. A. potas'sse, arsenite 
of potassium. A. potas'sse aquo'sus, liquor arsen- 
icalis. A. potas'sse liq'uidus, liquor arsenicalis. A, 
potas'sii, arsenite of potassium. A. quin'icus, ar- 
senite of quinine. 
Arsenite, ar'sen-ite. Salt formed by combination 
of arsenious acid with salifiable base. A. of cop'per, 
a pigment used to give color to confectionery, under 
names Paris green, Emerald green, French green. Paris 
green, by some regarded as mixture of subcarbonate 
of copper and arsenite of copper, has been taken with 
fatal consequences. A. of potas'sium or of potas'sa, 
protoarsenite of potassium, uncrystallizable colorless 
salt, forming basis of liquor arsenicalis and liquor 
potassii arsenitis. A. of qui'nia, quinise arsenis. 
Arsenium, ar-sen'e-um. Arsenic. 
Arseniuretted hydrogen, ar-sen'e-u-ret-ted hi'dro- 
gen. See Hydrogen, arseniuretted. 
Arsenization, ar-sen-i-za'shun. Medication with 
arsenic. 
Arsenoblast, ar-sen'o-blast (arsen, male, blastos, a 
bud). Male element in generation. 
Arsenovinic acid, ar-sen-o-vi'nik as'id. Acid pro- 
duced by treating arsenic with alcohol. 
Arse-smart, bi'ting. Polygonum hydropiper. 
Art, heaping. Application of precepts of best phy- 
sicians and of results of experience to treatment of 
disease. A., vet'erinary, see Veterinary. 
Artabotrys suaveolens, ar-tab-ot'ris swav-a'o-lens. 
An infusion of the leaves is given in cholera. 
Artanthe adunca, art-an'the ad-un'kah. Leaves of 
Piper aduncum of Southern America; stimulant. A. 
elonga'ta, matico. A. lancseafo'lia, matico from New 
Granada. 
Artefact, art'e-fakt (ars, art, facio, to make). Arti- 
ficial structure, not real, but a result of chemical or 
other examination. 
Artemia, ar-tem'e-ah (soundness). Perfect physical 
health. 
Artemisia, ar-tem-iz'e-ah. Ord. Compositse. A. 
abrot'anum, Southernwood, Oldman, Slovenwood, grows 
in Europe and U. S., and has stimulant properties. 
Oil of southernwood, Oleum abrotani, possesses aromatic 
properties of the plant. A. absin'thium, Common worm- 
wood, Wormit. The flowering tops and leaves are 
officinal in the Ph. U. S. under the name absinthium. 
It is a bitter tonic and anthelmintic and cardiac stim- 
uiant, Oil of wormwood, Oleurri qbsinthii (Ph, U, S.), ARTEMISILLA 
contains aromatic virtues of the plant; dose, 1 to 3 
drops. A bitter liqueur, absinthe, extensively used 
in France, is made from leaves infused in brandy, or 
from alcohol mixed with volatile oil of wormwood 
and other less active ingredients, especially oil of anise. 
It produces in overdose absinthism, consisting of 
hallucinations, peculiar contractions of muscles of lips 
and face, tremblings in the limbs, numbness, physical 
prostration, emaciation, giddiness, headache, delirium, 
dementia, and paralysis, frequently resulting in death. 
Bitter principle of absinthium, absinthin, C16H20O4, is 
a narcotic poison. A. A'fra, S. African species, is 
tonic, antispasmodic, and anthelmintic; used exter- 
nally, in strong infusion, as collyrium in weak eyes; 
the pounded leaves and stalks as discutients in oedema 
and suggillations. A. al'ba, A. santonica. A. arbores'- 
cens, Mediterranean plant, tonic, emmenagogue, and 
stomachic. A. arbus'cula, dwarf sagebrush, anthel- 
mintic ; remedy for headaches. A. Argonen'sis, tonic, 
aperient, anthelmintic plant of Algeria. A. bal- 
sami'ta, A. pontica. A. bien'nis, Biennial wormwood ; 
indigenous. A. bo'trys, Chenopodium ambrosioides. 
A. caerules'cens, plant with febrifuge properties, 
growing in S. Europe. A. campes'tris, Field southern- 
wood, same properties as A. abrotanum. A. Canaden'- 
sis, Canada wormwood. A. cauda'ta, indigenous. A. 
chenopo'dium, Chenopodium botrys. A. Chinen'sis, 
from this the Chinese form moxas. The plant is em- 
menagogue, tonic, and antispasmodic. A. ci'na, Artem- 
isia maritima. A. con'tra grows in Persia, Asia Minor, 
and other parts of the East. A. dracun'culus, Tar- 
agon. Flowering tops are antiscorbutic; leaves and 
oil are used to season food, especially in form of 
estragon vinegar. A. filifo'lia, southernwood of 
North America. A. frig'ida, Sierra salvia, anthel- 
mintic; also substitute for quinine. A. glacia'lis, 
Silky wormwood. A. In'dlca, A. Chinensis, A. santonica. 
A. Juda'ica, growing in Palestine, Arabia, China, 
Cochin China, and Northern Africa. A. leptophyl'la, 
A. pontica. A. Ludovicia'na, Western mugwort. A. 
marit'ima, Sea wormwood, Maritime southernwood. 
The unexpanded flower-heads are officinal under the 
name santonica, which is anthelmintic and stimulant; 
dose, gr. x to 3j, in powder. Its active principle is 
santonin, santoninum (Ph. U. S.), dose of which is 
from two to five grains in the day for child six or 
eight years old. A. mox'a, A. Chinensis. A. pon'- 
tica, Boman wormwood, Lesser wormwood, has like 
virtues to A. absinthium. A. roma'na, A. pontica. 
A. ru'bra, A. santonica. A. rupes'tris, Creeping 
wormwood. Aromatic virtues, used in intermittents 
and amenorrheea. A. santon'ica, Tartarian southern- 
wood. From this and other species of absinthium is 
obtained wormseed, Levant wormseed or santonica. 
A. tenuifo'lia, A. pontica. A. tridenta'ta, sagebrush; 
infusion is anthelmintic, and used for colds and head- 
aches. A. trif'ida, dwarf sagebrush of North Amer- 
ica. A. vulga'rls possesses general tonic virtues of 
artemisiae; used also in epilepsy, chorea, and other 
nervous conditions. 
Artemisilla amarga, ar-tem-is-il'lah am-ar'gah. 
Parthenia hysterophorum. 
Artemisin, ar-tem'is-in. Bitter principle contained 
in Artemisia absinthium. 
Artereurys'ma (arteria, eurus, dilated). Aneu- 
rism. 
Arteria, ar-ta'ie-ah. Artery. A. abdomina'lis, 
deep circumflex iliac artery; superficial epigastric a. 
A. acetab'uli, branch of internal circumflex a. to hip- 
joint. A. acromia'lis, acromial a. A. acro'mio-tho- 
ra'cica, acromio-thoracic a. A. ala'ris, lateral nasal a. 
A. alveola'ris infe'rior, inferior dental a. A. alveola'- 
ris supe'rior, superior dental a.; alveolar branch of 
internal maxillary a. A. anastomot'ica, anastomotic 
a. of arm and thigh; plantar artery of foot; communi- 
cating peroneal artery. A. angula'ris, angular artery 
of nose. A. anon'yma, innominate artery. A. ante'- 
rior commu'nicans, anterior communicating artery 
of brain. A. aor'ta, aorta. A. apoplec'tica, carotid 
artery. A. appendica'lis or appendicula'ris, small 
branch from ileo-colic artery to appendix. A. articu- 
97 
r ARTERIA 
la/ris, name given to number of articular branches, 
chiefly to knee-joint, tibio-fibular and. radio-ulnar 
articulations. A. as'pera, trachea. A. atrabilia'- 
ria, capsular artery. A. auditi'va, auditory artery. 
A. auricula'ris, auricular branches of occipital ar- 
tery and transverse facial a.; branches of coro- 
nary artery to auricle of heart. A. axilla'ris, ax- 
illary artery. A. az'ygos, small artery in middle 
line of tongue. A. brachia'lis, brachial artery. 
A. b. profun'da, superior profunda artery. A. 
brachlocephal'ica, see Innominata. A. bronchia'- 
lis, bronchial artery. A. bucca'lis, branch of infe- 
rior dental artery to mouth, A. buccinato'ria, buc- 
cal a. A. bulbi'na, bul'bo-caverno'sa, or bulbo'sa, 
artery of bulb of urethra. A. bul'bo-urethra'lis, 
urethral artery. A. caeca'lis, branch of ileo-colic 
artery to caecum. A. callo'sa, anterior cerebral ar- 
tery. A. capita'lis, carotid artery. A. capsula'ris, 
branch of A. centralis retinae to lens. A. cardi'- 
aca, coronary artery. A. carot'ica or carot'ida, 
carotid a. A. carot'ica primiti'va, primitive carotid 
artery. A. car'pea dorsa'lis ulna'ris, anterior car- 
pal artery; posterior branch of ulnar artery to 
wrist. A. cauda'lis, middle sacral artery. A. 
caverno'sa, artery of the corpus cavernosum. A. 
centra'lis modi'oli, branch to modiolus from audi- 
tory a. A. c. ret'inse, central artery of the retina. 
A. cephal'ica, carotid artery. A. cerebel'li infe'- 
rior, inferior cerebellar artery. A. cerebra'lis, in- 
ternal carotid artery. A. cer'ebri, anterior and 
middle posterior cerebral arteries. A. cervica'lis, 
branch from the occipital artery to the back of 
the neck; superficial and transverse cervical ar- 
teries. A. cer'vico-scapula'ris, see Cervical arteries. 
A. choroid'ea, branch of superior cerebellar artery. 
A. circumflex'a, circumflex iliac a.; external and in- 
ternal circumflex arteries of thigh; dorsal branch of 
scapular a. A. clitor'idis, artery of clitoris, similar 
to a. of penis. A. coccyge'a, coccygeal artery. A. 
coch'leae, cochlear artery. A. cceli'aca, coeliac ar- 
tery. A. col'ica, ileo-colic a.; right, left, and middle 
colic arteries; sigmoid a.; superior hemorrhoidal a. A. 
collatera'lis, superior and inferior profunda arteries 
of arm; branch of former to triceps, to deltoid; anasto- 
motic a. of arm; external superior articular a. of knee. 
A. col'll transver'sa, transverse cervical a. A. co'- 
mes ner'vi ischiad'ici, branch of inferior gluteal a. 
to great sciatic nerve. A. c. n. media'ni, median a. 
A. c. n. phren'ici, superior phrenic a. A. commu'- 
nicans cer'ebri, communicating a. of brain, anterior 
and posterior. A. c. perone'i, branch of communica- 
tion between peroneal and posterior tibial a-s. A. c. 
Willis'ii, posterior communicating a. A. concha'- 
rum, nasi-spheno-palatine a. A. corona'ria, coro- 
nary a. of heart or lip. A. c. malleola'ris, A. com- 
municans peronei. A. c. ventric'uli, pyloric a., gas- 
tric a. A. cor'poris callo'si, anterior cerebral a. A. 
c. caverno'si clitor'idis, A. profunda of clitoris. A. 
c. caverno'si ure'thrse, A. of bulb of urethra. A. 
costa'lis, inferior and superior intercostal a-s. A. 
cos'to-cervica'lis, costo-cervical a. A. c.-lumba'ris, 
A. from aorta, regarded as intercostal a. or lumbar a. 
by different anatomists. A. cras'sa, aorta. A. cre- 
master'ica, external spermatic a. A. cri'co-thyre- 
oid'ea, crico-thyreoid a. A. cris'tse pu'bis, pubic a. 
A. crura'lis, femoral a. A. c. ili'aca, external iliac, 
deep circumflex iliac a. A. c. profun'da, deep fem- 
oral a. A. c. superficia'lis, superficial femoral a. A. 
cubita'lis, ulnar a. A. cu'biti exter'na, radial a. 
A. cuta'nea abdom'inis, superficial epigastric a. A. 
ad cu'tem abdom'inis, see Ad cutem abdominis. A. 
deferentia'lis, A. of vas deferens. A. deltoi'dea, 
branch of acromio-thoracic a. to deltoid. A. denta'- 
lis, inferior dental a; posterior dental a. A. dia- 
phragmat'ica, phrenic a. A. digita'lis, A-s to fingers 
and toes are so called. A. dorsa'lis clitor'idis, dorsal 
a. of clitoris. A. d. dig'iti min'imi pro'pria, dorsal 
a. of little toe. A. d. hallu'cis, first dorsal interosse- 
ous a. of foot. A. d. lin'guse, dorsal a. of tongue. A. 
d. metacar'pi, posterior radio-carpal a. A. d. na'si, 
nasal branch of ophthalmic a. A. d. pe'dis, dorsal a. ARTERIA 
of foot. A. d. pe'nis, dorsal a. of penis. A. d. pol'- 
licis, dorsal a. of thumb. A. d. scap'ulse, dorsal a. 
of scapula. A. d. s. infe'rior, inferior branch of pos- 
terior scapular a. A. dor'so-spina'lis, branch of 
superior intercostal a. to posterior cervical muscles. 
A. duodena'lis infe'rior, inferior pancreatico-duo- 
denal a. A. du'rse ma'tris me'dia max'ima, middle 
meningeal a. A. emul'gens, renal a. A. encephal'- 
ica, internal carotid a. A. epigas'trica, epigastric a. 
A. e. infe'rior exter'na, superficial circumflex iliac a. 
A. e. i. inter'na, deep epigastric a. A. e. supe'rior, 
superior epigastric a. A. epiplo'ica sinis'tra, branch 
of left gastro-epiploic a. to mesentery. A. ethmoida'- 
lis, ethmoidal a., anterior and posterior. A. facia'lis, 
facial a. A. f. ante'rior, angular a., facial a. A. f. 
exter'na, facial a. A. f. poste'rior, transverse facial 
a. A. f. profun'da, internal maxillary a. A. f. trans- 
ver'sa, transverse facial a. A. femora'lis, femoral 
a. A. f. commu'nis, common femoral a. A. f. or 
fem'oris profun'da, deep femoral a. A. f. superficia'- 
lis, femoral a. A. ad fenes'tram ova'lem, branch of 
stylo-mastoid a. to fenestra ovalis. A. fibula'ris, pero- 
neal a. A. f. supe'rior, superior fibular a. A. fos'sse 
Syl'vii, middle cerebral a. A. fronta'lis, frontal a. A. 
f. exter'na, supraorbital a. A. f. inter'na, frontal a., 
naso-frontal a. A. funicula'ris or funic'uli spermat'- 
ici, cremasteric a., external spermatic a. A. gas'trica 
dex'tra infe'rior, right gastro-epiploic a. A. g. infe'- 
rior, gastro-epiploic a. A. g. ma'jor or supe'rior, 
coronary a. of stomach, gastric a. A. g. sinis'tra in- 
fe'rior, left gastro-epiploic a. A. g. supe'rior dex'- 
tra, right coronary artery of stomach, pyloric a. A. 
g. s. sinis'tra, coronary a. of stomach. A. gastroc- 
nem'ica, branch of sural a. A. gastroduodena'lis, 
gastroduodenal a. A. gas'tro-epiplo'ica, gastro-epi- 
ploic a., right and left. A. gas'tro-hepat'ica sinis'- 
tra, branch from gastric a. to liver. A. genita'lis, 
internal pudic a. A. glandulo'sse axilla'ris, alar 
thoracic a. A. glute'a, gluteal a. A. g. infe'rior, 
inferior gluteal a., sciatic a. A. g. supe'rior, superior 
gluteal a. A. guttura'lis, thyroid a. A. hemor- 
rhoida'lis infe'rior or exter'na, inferior hemor- 
rhoidal a. A. h. inter'na, superior hemorrhoidal a. 
A. hepat'ica, hepatic a. A. h. commu'nis, hepatic a. 
before its division. A. h. pro'pria, branch of hepatic 
a. supplying the liver. A. humera'ria or humera'lis, 
branch of acromio-thoracic a.; brachial a. A. hya- 
loid'ea, hyaloid a. A. hyoid'ea, hyoid a. A. hypo- 
gas'trica, internal iliac a. A. il'ese, branch of ileo- 
colic a. A. il'eo-col'ica, see Colic arteries. A. ili'aca, 
common iliac artery. A. i. ante'rior or exter'na, ex- 
ternal iliac a. A. 1. commu'nis, common iliac a. A. 1. 
crura'lis, external iliac a. A. i. exter'na, external 
iliac a. A. i. inter'na, internal iliac a. A. i. par'va, 
ileo-lumbar a. A. i. poste'rior, gluteal a. A. i. primi- 
ti'va, common iliac a. A. il'io-lumba'lis or il'io-lum- 
ba'ris, ilio-lumbar a. A. incisi'va, branch from infe- 
rior dental to incisor teeth. A. infe'rior lin'guse, ra- 
nine a. A. infraorbita'lis, infraorbital a. A. infrascap- 
ula'ris, infrascapular a., subscapular a. A. innomina'- 
ta, innominate a. A. intercosta'lis, intercostal a. A. 
intermetatar'sea dorsa'lis pri'ma, first dorsal inter- 
osseous a. A. interos'sea accesso'ria, anterior inter- 
osseous a. in palm. A. 1. antebrach'ii ante'rior, 
anterior interosseous a. A. i. a. commu'nis, inter- 
osseous a. of forearm. A. i. a. poste'rior or exter'- 
na, posterior interosseous a. A. i. ante'rior dor- 
sa'lis, anterior interosseous a. of forearm. A. i. 
a. vola'ris, branch from anterior interosseous a. of 
forearm. A. i. hallu'cis, first dorsal interosseous a. 
of foot. A. i. inter'na or palma'ris, anterior inter- 
osseous a. A. i. per'forans, posterior interosseous a. 
of forearm. A. i. p. infe'rior, anterior dorsal inter- 
osseous a. A. i. primiti'va, common interosseous a. 
of forearm. A. i. recur'rens, interosseous recurrent 
a. A. i. superficia'lis, median a. A. i. vola'ris, 
anterior interosseous a. A. ischiad'ica, ischiadic or 
sciatic a. A. jugula'ris, carotid a. A. labia'lis, 
labial a. A. 1. ante'rior, distributed to vulva. A. 1. 
superficia'lis, superficial portion of facial a. A. lac- 
ryma'lis, lacrymal a. A. larynge'a ascen'dens or 
98 
> ARTERIA 
infe'rior, crico-thyroid a. A. 1. inter'na, internal 
laryngeal a. A. latera'lis na'si, lateral nasal a. A. 
lethar'gica, carotid a. A. liena'lis, splenic a. A. 
lingua'lis, lingual a. A. 1. profun'da, ranine a. A. 
lumba'lis or lumba'ris i'ma, branch, from middle 
sacral a. A. macula'ris, branch of A. centralis ret- 
inae. A. mag'na, aorta. A. m. pol'licis, A. princeps 
pollicis. A. malleola'ris, see Tibial a-s. A. mam- 
ma'ria exter'na, external mammary a., long thora- 
cic a. A. m. inter'na, internal mammary a. A. m. 1. 
latera'lis, branch of internal mammary a. A. man- 
dibula'ris, inferior dental a.; foetal branch of inter- 
nal carotid, supplying tissue near stapedius muscle. 
A. manu'brii mal'lei, branch of deep auricular a. to 
back of handle of malleus. A. masseter'ica, masse- 
teric a. A. mastoi'dea, mastoid a. A. maxilla'ris 
exter'na, facial a. A. m. infe'rior, inferior dental 
a., internal maxillary a. A. m. inter'na, internal 
maxillary a. A. max'ima, aorta. A. me'dia, median 
a. A. m. anastomot'ica, mididle colic a. A. media'- 
na or A. m. ret'inae, branch of A. centralis retime 
to middle of retina. A. m. men'ti, branch from coro- 
nary a. in middle line of chin. A. me'di-cerebella'- 
ris, anterior inferior cerebellar a. A. m.-cerebra'lis, 
middle cerebral a. A. medul'lse spina'lis, spinal a., 
anterior and posterior. A. meninge'a accesso'ria, 
small meningeal a. A. m. a. exter'na, posterior men- 
ingeal a. A. m. mag'na, middle meningeal a. A. m. 
me'dia, middle meningeal a. A. m. poste'rior infe'- 
rior, meningeal a., posterior internal a. A. m. p. 
mastoi'dea, posterior meningeal a. A. menta'lis, 
mental a. A. mesera'ica, mesenteric a., inferior, 
superior, middle. A. mesoloba'ris or mesolob'ica, 
anterior cerebral a. A. metacar'pea, metacarpal a. 
A. m. dorsa'lis ulna'ris, posterior ulno-carpal a. A. 
m. vola'ris profun'da, deep ulnar a. A. m. v. radia'- 
lis profun'da, part of radial a., forming deep palmar 
arch. A. m. v. ulna'ris profun'da, deep ulnar a. A. 
m. v. u. subli'mis, part of ulnar a., forming super- 
ficial palmar arch. A. metatar'sea, metatarsal a. 
A. m. dorsa'lis fibula'ris, dorsal a. of little toe. A. 
m. pri'ma, first dorsal interosseous a. A. min'ima, 
arteriole. A. muscula'ris femo'ris, A. m. profun'- 
da, deep femoral a. A. m. mag'na superficia'lis or 
tricip'itis, branch of common femoral to triceps. A. 
mus'culo - articula'ris, branch from anastomotica 
magna a. to vastus medius. A. m.-phren'ica, mus- 
culo-phrenic a. A. my'lo-hyloi'dea, mylo-hyoid a. 
A. my'o-mastoi'dea, branch from posterior auricular 
a. to sterno-mastoid muscle. A. nasa'lis, nasal a. A. 
n. ante'rior, anterior nasal a., nasal branch of oph- 
thalmic a. A. n. exter'na, lateral nasal a., posterior 
lateral nasal a. A. n. latera'lis, lateral nasal a. A. 
n. 1. poste'rior, posterior lateral nasal a., branch of 
spheno-palatine a. A. n. me'dia, middle nasal a. A. 
n. poste'rior, spheno-palatine a. A. n. supe'rior, 
branch of superior branch of A. centralis retime. 
A. na'so-fronta'lis, part of ophthalmic a. A. n.- 
palati'na, naso-palatine a. A. ner'vi acus'tici, au- 
ditory a. A. obturato'ria, obturator a. A. occipita'- 
lis, occipital a. A. ophthal'mica, ophthalmic a. A. 
palati'na ascen'dens, inferior palatine a. A. p. 
descen'dens, superior palatine a. A. p. ma'jor, 
anterior palatine. A. p. supe'rior, superior palatine. 
A. pala'to-labia'lis, facial a. A. palma'ris, palmar 
a., anterior interosseous a. A. palpebra'lis, palpe- 
bral a., external and internal. A. pancreat'ica 
mag'na or supre'ma, branch of splenic a., following 
course of pancreatic duct. A. pancreat'ico-duo- 
dena'lis, pancreatico-duodenal a. A. parotidae'a, 
branches of external carotid to parotid gland. A. 
pedise'a, ot pedi'ca, or pe'dis, dorsal a. of foot. A. 
pel'vica, internal iliac a. A. pe'nis, branch of in- 
ternal pudic a. A. per'forans antibrach'ii infe'rior, 
inferior perforating interosseous a. A. p. a. supe'- 
rior, posterior interosseous a. A. p. stape'dia, branch 
of internal carotid in foetus to stapedius. A. p. su- 
pe'rior, posterior interosseous a. A. pericardi'aco- 
phren'ica or pericardi'aca ascen'dens, superior 
phrenic a. A. pericephal'ica, carotid external a. 
A. perinaea'lis, perineal a. A. perone'a, peroneal a. ARTERIA I 
A. p. supe'rior, superior fibular a. A. petro'sa, 
branch from internal maxillary a. to tensor tympani 
muscle. A. pharynge'a ascen'dens or infe'rior, as- 
cending pharyngeal a. A. p. descen'dens, pterygo- 
palatine a. A. p. supre'ma, superior pharyngeal a., 
pterygoid a. A. pharyn'go-basila'ris or p.-menin- 
ge'a, ascending pharyngeal a. A. pharyn'go-pala- 
ti'na, inferior or ascending palatine a. A. phren'ica, 
diaphragmatic a. A. pbren'ico-costa'lis, musculo- 
phrenic a. A. phren'ico-pericardi'aca, superior 
phrenic a. A. planta'ris, plantar a. A. p. exter'na 
or latera'lis, external plantar a. A. p. media'lis, in- 
ternal plantar a. A. p. profun'da, communicating 
branch of dorsal a. of foot to plantar arch. A. pol'- 
licis mag'na, large a. of thumb. A. poplitse'a, pop- 
liteal a. A. post-cerebella'ris, anterior inferior cere- 
bellar a. A. post-cerebra'lis, posterior cerebral a. 
A. post-commu'nicans, posterior communicating a. 
A. praacerebella'ris, superior cerebellar a. A. prse- 
cerebra'lis, anterior cerebral a. A. prsecommu'ni- 
cans, anterior communicating a. A. pri'ma, inferior 
profunda a. of arm. A. prin'ceps cervi'cis, A. cer- 
vicalis princeps. A. p. pol'licis, branch of radial 
from back to front of thumb. A. profun'da brach'ii, 
superior profunda a. of arm. A. p. b. infe'rior, infe- 
rior profunda a. of arm. A. p. cer'ebri, posterior cer- 
ebral a. A. p. clitor'idis, cavernous a. of clitoris, 
branch of internal pudic a. in female. A. p. fem'- 
oris, deep femoral a. A. p. hu'meri, superior pro- 
funda a. of arm. A. p. lin'guae, ranine a. A. p. 
pe'nis, artery of corpus cavernosum. A. p. vo'lae, 
deep ulnar a., deep palmar arch. A. profundis'sima 
il'ii, branch to hip-joint from deep gluteal a. A. 
prostat'ica, vesico-prostatic a. A. pterygoi'dea, su- 
perior palatine a. A. pter'ygo-meninge'a, small 
meningeal a. A. pter'ygo-palati'na, superior phar- 
yngeal a. A. pu'bica, branch of deep epigastric a. 
A. puden'da, pudic a. A. p. accesso'ria, accessory 
pudic a. A. p. commu'nis, internal pudic a. A. p. 
exter'na, external pudic a. A. p. e. subaponeu- 
rot'ica, external superior pudic a. A. p. e. sub- 
cuta'nea, external deep pudic a. A. p. inter'na, 
internal pudic a. A. pudi'ca, internal pudic a. A. 
pulmona'lis, pulmonary artery. A. pylor'ica, pyloric 
a. A. radia'lis, radial a. A. r. in'dicis, branch from 
radial a. to surface of index finger. A. r. recur'- 
rens, radial recurrent a. A. ra'dio-palma'ris, super- 
ficial volar a. A. ram'ulus duc'tus pterygoi'dei, 
pterygoid a. A. rani'na, ranine a. A. recur'rens 
inter'na, superior fibular a. A. r. radia'lis, radial 
recurrent a. A. r. tibia'lis, tibial recurrent a. A. 
r. ulna'ris, ulnar recurrent a. A. rena'lis, renal a. 
A. reno-capsula'ris, capsular a. A. ret'inse cen- 
tra'lis, central retinal a. A. retro-costa'lis, inter- 
nal lateral mammary artery. A. sacra'lis latera'lis, 
lateral sacral a. A. s. me'dia, middle sacral a. A. 
saphe'na mag'na, branch of femoral a. to ankle. A. 
s. par'va, branch of popliteal a. to middle of calf of 
leg. A. scap'ulae commu'nis, subscapular a. A. s. 
dorsa'lis, posterior scapular a. A. s. exter'na, acro- 
mial a. A. s. infe'rior, subscapular a. A. s. poste'- 
rior, posterior scapular a. A. s. pro'pria, dorsal 
branch of subscapular a. A. s. supe'rior, supra- 
scapular a. A. s. transver'sa, suprascapular a. A. 
scrotal'is, scrotal a. A. sep'ti na'rium, A. of nasal 
septum. A. s. n. poste'rior, branch from spheno-pala- 
tine branch of internal maxillary; naso-palatine a. 
A. s. scro'ti, branch of internal pubic a. to septum 
of scrotum. A. sigmoi'dea, sigmoid a. A. sper- 
mat'ica differentia'lis, A. of vas deferens. A. s. 
exter'na, cremasteric a. A. s. inter'na, internal 
spermatic a. A. sphe'no-palati'na, palatine a. A. 
sphe'no-spino'sa, middle meningeal a. A. spina'lis 
ante'rior, anterior spinal artery. A. spino'sa, middle 
meningeal a. A. spira'lis, superior profunda a. of 
arm. A. splen'ica, splenic a. A. stape'dii, branch 
from stylo-mastoid a. to stapedius. A. sterna'lis, in- 
ternal mammary a. A. sty'lo-mastoi'dea, stylo-mas- 
toid a. A. subcla'via, subclavian a. A. subcla- 
via'na dex'tra, innominate artery. A. subcosta'lis, 
internal lateral mammary a. A. subcuta'nea ma'lse, 
99 
> ARTERI/E 
branch from internal maxillary penetrating malar 
bone. A. subscapula'ris, inferior subscapular a., 
subscapular a. A. superflcia'lis abdom'inis, ad cu- 
tem abdominis a. A. s. pe'dis media'lis, branch of 
internal plantar a. distributed to great toe. A. su- 
perior, inferior profunda a. of arm. A. supramax- 
illa'ris, alveolar or posterior dental a. A. supramet- 
atar'sea, metatarsal a. A. supraorbita'lis, frontal 
a. A. suprarena'lis, capsular a., suprarenal a. A. 
suprascapula'ris, suprascapular a. A. supraspi- 
na'ta, supraspinosus a. A. supratar'sea, metatarsal 
a. A. s. exter'na, tarsal a. A. s. inter'na, branch 
from dorsal a. of foot to great toe. A. supratroch- 
lea'ris, branch of ophthalmic a. to upper eyelid. A. 
sylvia'na, middle cerebral a. A. tar'sea exter'na, 
external tarsal a. A. t. e. ante'rior or latera'lis, 
metatarsal a. A. t. inter'na, internal tarsal a. A. t. 
latera'lis poste'rior or exter'na, tarsal a. A. tem- 
pora'lis ante'rior or fronta'lis, anterior temporal a. 
A. t. exter'na or occipita'lis, posterior temporal a. 
A. testicula'ris, internal spermatic a., cremasteric a. 
A. tes'tis exter'na, cremasteric a. A. thorac'ica 
ala'ris or axilla'ris, alar thoracic a. A. t. humera'- 
lis, acromio-thoracic a. A. t. infe'rior, external 
mammary a. A. t. inter'na, internal mammary a. 
A. t. lon'ga or ma'jor, long thoracic a., internal mam- 
mary a. A. t. mamma'ria, internal mammary a. A. 
t. me'dia, acromio-thoracic a. A. t. mi'nor, superior 
thoracic a. A. t. poste'rior, descending branch of 
subscapular a. A. t. pri'ma or supre'ma, superior 
thoracic a. A. t. secun'da, acromio-thoracic a. A. t. 
ter'tia, long thoracic a. A. thorac'ico-dorsa'lis, de- 
scending branch of subscapular a. A. thy'ro-cervi- 
ca'lis, thyroid axis. A. thyroi'dea ascen'dens, infe- 
rior thyroid a. A. t. descen'dens, superior thyroid a. 
A. t. i'ma or Neubau'eri, A. from innominate or 
right common carotid or aortic arch to thyroid gland. 
A. tib'ise nutrit'ia, nutrient a. of tibia. A. tibia'lis 
anti'ca, anterior tibial a. A. t. posti'ca, posterior 
tibial a. A. t. recur'rens, tibial recurrent a. A. ton- 
silla'ris, tonsillar a. A. transver'sa car'pi dorsa'- 
lis, posterior radial carpal a. A. t. c. vola'ris, an- 
terior radial carpal a. A. t. col'll, transverse cervi- 
cal a. A. t. fa'ciei, transverse facial a. A. t. scap'- 
ulae, suprascapular a. A. transversa'lis cervi'cis, 
transverse cervical a. A. t. hu'meri, superior scapu- 
lar a. A. trochanter'ica, branch of internal circum- 
flex a. to vicinity of great trochanter. A. tuba'ria, 
branch from uterine a. to Fallopian tube. A. ulna'- 
ris, ulnar a. A. umbilica'lis, umbilical a. A. 
urethra'lis, branch of a. of penis to urethra. A. 
ure'thro-bulba'ris, transverse perineal a. A. ute- 
ri'na hypogas'trica, uterine a. A. u'tero-ova'rica, 
ovarian a. A. vagina'lis, see Vaginal a. A. va'sis 
deferentia'lis, A. of vas deferens. A. vas'ta pro- 
fun'da, profunda femoris. A. veno'sa, pulmonary 
vein. A. ves'ico-prostat'ica, vesical a. A. ves'ico- 
vagina'lis, vaginal a. A. vestibula'ris, branch from 
internal pudic to vestibule. A. vit'rea, hyaloid a. 
A. vola'ris commu'nicans, deep ulnar a. A. v. in'- 
dicis radia'lis, radialis indicis a. A. v. ma'nfis ul- 
na'ris, anterior ulnar carpal a. A. v. superflcia'lis, 
superficial volar a. A. Willis'ii, posterior communi- 
cating a. of brain. A. zygomat'ico-orbita'lis, orbital 
a., external supraorbital a. 
Arterise, ar-ta're-e. Arteries. A. adipo'sae, ar- 
teries from which secretion of fat about the kidneys 
takes place; ramifications of capsular, diaphragmatic, 
renal, and spermatic a-s. A. apoplec'ticse, carotids. 
A. articula'res ge'nu, articular a-s of knee. A. 
atrobilia'rise, middle suprarenal a-s. A. auricu- 
la'res anterio'res,, anterior auricular a-s. A. a. 
cor'dis, coronary a-s of heart. A. bronchia'les, bron- 
chial a-s. A. calca'neae, calcaneal a-s. A. capita'les, 
carotid a-s. A. capsula'res, capsular a-s. A. 
carot'is commu'nes or primiti'vae, common carotid 
a. A. car'pese radia'les, radial carpal a. A. c. 
ulna'res, ulnar carpal a. A. choroi'deae, choroid a-s. 
A. cllia'res, ciliary a-s. A. circumflex'ae brach'ii, 
circumflex a. of arm. A. c. femo'rls, circumflex a. 
of thigh. A. c. xnus'culi ster'no-clei'do-mastoi'dei, ARTERIAGRA 
circumflex a. of sterno-mastoid. A. collicula'res, 
collicular a-s. A. corona'rise ventric'uli, gastro- 
epiploic a-s. A. cor'poris callo'si cer'ebri, mesoIo- 
bar a. A. costa'les inferio'res, branches of inter- 
costal a. to ribs. A. c. posterio'res, aortic intercostal 
a. A. c. superio'res, collateral intercostal a. A. 
denta'les superio'res anterio'res, anterior dental a. 
A. diaphragmat'icse, inferior phrenic a. A. digi- 
ta'les commu'nes, interosseous a. of hand and foot. 
A. d. commu'nes vola'res, palmar interosseous a-s. 
A. d. dorsa'les commu'nes, intermetatarsal a. A. 
d. ma'nus vola'res, palmar digital a. A. fronta'les 
cer'ebri, frontal a. of brain. A. gas'tricse bre'ves, 
small branches from splenic a. to stomach. A. gas- 
trocne'mise, sural a. A. helici'nse, helicine a. A. 
hepat'icse me'dise, branches of hepatic a. A. 
inguina'les, branches of common femoral a. to groin. 
A. intercosta'les anterio'res, anterior intercostal a. 
A. i. aor'ticse, aortic intercostal a. A. intermeta- 
car'pese dorsa'les or interos'sese metatar'si, 
intermetatarsal a. A. interos'seae metacar'pi 
dorsa'les, metacarpal a. A. i. metatar'si dorsa'les, 
intermetatarsal a. A. 1. volaris, palmar interosseous 
a. A. jejuna'les, branches from superior mesenteric 
to jejunum. A. jugala'res, carotid a. A. labia'les 
puden'di, vessels supplying labia from external 
pudic and superficial perineal. A. labio'rum coro- 
na'riee, coronary a. of lips. A. lethar'gicae, carotid 
a-s. A. macula'res, branches of A. centralis retinae 
to macula lutea. A. masseter'icse posterio'res, 
branches from carotid a. to masseter muscle. A. 
media'nae bul'bi, median a. of medulla oblongata. 
A. m. oc'uli, branches from A. centralis retinae to 
retina. A. medul'lae spina'lis, spinal a. A. 
mesera'icae, mesenteric a. A. mesolob'icae, meso- 
lobar a. A. metacar'peae dorsa'les, dorsal interos- 
seous a. A. muscula'res ge'nu inferio'res, sural a. 
A. nasa'les oc'uli, branches from pupillary a. or 
from A. centralis retinae to retina. A. nucleo'rum, 
median a. of medulla oblongata. A. nutri'tiae, 
medullary a. A. n. pel'vis, branches from renal a. to 
pelvis of kidney. A. palati'nae mino'res, branches 
from pterygo-palatine a. to soft palate. A. papilla'- 
res, papillary a-s. A. phren'icae mag'nae, inferior 
phrenic a. A. pinna'les, branches from lateral nasal 
a. or superior coronary a. to alae of nose. A. pli'cae 
cu'biti superflcia'les, muscular branch of radial a. to 
forearm. A. praechoroi'deae, anteriod choroid a. A. 
praeparan'tes, internal spermatic a. A. pro'priae 
rena'les, branches of renal a. A. prostat'icae, vesico- 
prostatic a. A. radicula'res, arteries accompanying 
roots of nerve into substance of cord. A. receptac'uli, 
numerous small branches from cavernous portion of 
internal carotid. A. rec'tae, branches of renal a. sup- 
plying medullary pyramids. A. recurrences tibia'- 
les, tibial recurrent a. A. r. ulna'res, ulnar recur- 
rent a. A. re'no-capsula'res, middle suprarenal a. 
A. semina'les, spermatic a. A. septa'les or sep'ti 
scroti, a-s to the scrotum. A. si'nus caverno'sl, small 
branches from internal carotid to cavernous sinus. 
A. somnif'erae or sopora'les or sopora'riae, carotid 
a. A. spermat'icse inter'nae, spermatic a. A. sub- 
costa'les, branches of intercostal a. to under part of 
ribs. A. supracosta'les, collateral intercostal a. A. 
suprarena'les aor'ticae, middle suprarenal a. A. 
s. inferio'res, inferior suprarenal a. A. s. me'dise, 
middle suprarenal a. A. tar'sese inter'nse, small 
branches from dorsal a. of foot. A. tempora'les 
cer'ebri, temporal a. of brain. A. t. oc'uli, branches 
from papillary a. to temporal part of retina. A. 
thalam'icse, optic a. A. thym'icse, anterior medias- 
tinal a. A. ve'li pala'ti, small branches from pterygo- 
palatine a. to soft palate. A. veno'sse, pulmonary 
veins. A. ventric'uli bre'ves, small branches from 
splenic a. to stomach. A. vesi'cse, vesical a. A. 
vola'res car'pi, carpal branches of deep palmar 
arch. 
Arteriagra, ar-ta-re'ag-rah (arteria, agra, seizure). 
Pain in an artery; gouty affection of an artery. 
Arterial, ar-te're-al. Belonging to an artery. A. 
blood, red blood, so called because contained in arte- 
100 
1 ARTERIOSITAS 
ries; the pulmonary veins also contain red blood, hence 
called arterial veins. A. constitution, plethora ar- 
teriosa. A. duct, portion of pulmonary artery ter- 
minating in the aorta in the foetus. When obliterated 
after birth, it is called arterial ligament, ligamentum 
arteriosum. A. pyse'mia, see Pyiemia. A. system in- 
cludes all arteries from origin in heart to termination 
in the organs; see lascn/or system. A. veins, see A. 
blood. 
Arterialization (ar-te-re-al-i-za'shun) of the blood. 
Transformation of venous into arterial blood. Haema- 
tosis. 
Arteriarctia, ar-te-re-ark'she-a. Arteriostenosis. 
Arteriasis, ar - ta - re' as - is. Degeneration of an 
artery. 
Arteriectasis, ar-ta-re-ek'tas-is {arteria, ektasis, dila- 
tation). Aneurism. 
Arteriectopia, ar-ta-re-ek-top'e-ah {arteria, ektopos, 
out of place). Dislocation or unusual location of an 
artery. 
Arterieurysma, ar-ta-re-u-riz'mah {arteria, eurus, 
dilated). Aneurism. 
Arteriitis, ar-ta-re-e'tis. Arteritis. 
Arterio-capillary, ar-te're-o-kap'il-la-re. Eelating 
to artery or arteries and capillary vessels, as arterio- 
capillary fibrosis, fibroid degeneration of these vessels, 
seen sometimes in Bright's disease. 
Arteriochalasis, ar-ta-re-o-kal'as-is (chalasis, relaxa- 
tion). Atonic condition of the arteries. 
Arteriodialysis, ar-ta-re-o-de-al'is-is (arteria, dialu- 
sis, dissolution). See Aneurism. 
Arteriodiastasis, ar-ta-re-o-de-as'tas-is {diastasis, 
separation). Eetraction of ends of divided artery. 
Displacement of artery. 
Arteriodiplopiesmus, ar-ta-re-o-dip-lo-pe-ez'mus 
{diploos, double, piesmos, pressure). Method of pro- 
ducing coagulation in an artery between two points 
on which pressure is made. 
Arteriogram, ar-te're-o-gram. Sphygmographic 
tracing of an artery. 
Arteriography, ar-te-re-og'ra-fe {arteria, graphe, a 
description). Description of arteries; study of pulse- 
curves. 
Arterioid, ar-te're-oid. Eesembling artery. 
Arteriola (ar-ta-re-o'lah) (dim. of Arteria) or Ar- 
te'riole. Small artery; smallest division of an ar- 
tery ; artery, walls of which are mainly composed of 
muscular tissue. 
Arterio'lse. Small arteries. A. rec'tse, minute 
blood-vessels in medullary pyramids of kidney. 
Arteriology, ar-te-re-ol'o-je {arteria, logos, dis- 
course). Treatise on arteries; description of arteries. 
Arterio-malacia (ar-ta're-o-mal-ah'se-ah) or Arte- 
rio-malacosis, ar-ta're-o-mal-ah-ko'sis {arteria, mala- 
kia, softening). Softening of coats of an artery. 
Arteriopathy, ar-te-re-op'a-the {pathos, disease). 
Disease of an artery. 
Arterioperissia, ar-ta-re-o-per-is'se-ah {perissos, 
extraordinary). Excessive development of arteries 
or of arterial tissue. 
Arteriophlebotomy, ar-te-re-o-fle-bot'o-me. Blood- 
letting practised on the skin or mucous membranes 
by means of leeches, lancet, or cupping. 
Arteriopituitous, ar-te-re-o-pit-u'it-us. Term ap- 
plied to vessels creeping along pituitous membrane of 
the nostrils. 
Arterloplania, ar-ta-re-o-plan'e-ah {arteria, planao, 
to wander). Extension or unnatural location of an 
artery. 
Arteriorrhagia, ar-ta-re-or-rhaj'e-ah. Hemorrhage 
from a ruptured artery. 
Arteriorrhexis, ar-ta-re-or-rheks'is {arteria, rhexis, 
rupture). Eupture of an artery. 
Arterio-sclero'sis. Increase of connective tissue, 
leading to thickening of walls of artery; induration 
of musculo-elastic coat of arteries. 
Arterios'itas or Arterios'ity. Condition of the blood 
in which it preserves in the veins an arterial cha- 
racter ; opposite to venositas; resemblance to arte- 
rial blood. A. san'guinis, predominance of arterial 
blood. ARTERIOSTENOSIS 
Arteriostenosis, ar-ta-re-os-ten-o'sis (arteria, stenos, 
contracted). Contraction or obliteration of an artery. 
Arteriosteosis (ar-ta-re-os-ta-o'sis) or Arteriosto- 
genesis, ar-ta-re-os-to-jen'e-sis (arteria, osteon, bone, 
genesis, formation). Early stage of ossification of an 
artery. 
Arteriostrepsis, ar-ta-re-o-strep'sis (arteria, strepsis, 
twisting). Torsion of artery to obliterate its calibre. 
Arteriosus, ar-ta-re-o'sus. Arterial. 
Arteriothlim'ma (thlipsis, pressure or friction). In- 
jury to an artery from pressure. 
Arte'riotome (arteria, tome, incision). Knife for 
dissection or operation on arteries. 
Arteriotomy, ar-te-re-ot'o-me. Dissection of an ar- 
tery ; opening an artery to draw blood from it, as in 
inflammatory affections of the head, from the tem- 
poral artery. See Bloodletting. 
Arteriotrepsis, ar-ta-re-o-trep'sis. Arteriostrepsis. 
Arterio-venous, ar-te're-o-ve'nus. Relating to an 
artery and vein, as arterio-venous aneurism, aneurism 
of an artery opening into a vein. 
Arteriozetesis, ar-ta-re-o-zet-a'sis (arteria, zeteo, to 
explore). Direct examination of an artery by expos- 
ing it to view. 
Arteritis (ar-ter-e'tis) or Arterii'tis. Inflammation 
of an artery. Inflammation of inner coat of an artery 
is termed Endo-arteritis or Endonarteritis; of the outer, 
Exo-arteritis or Exarteritis. A. defor'mans, inflam- 
mation of an artery due to atheromatous changes in its 
walls. A. hyperplas'tica, inflammation of an artery, 
with new deposit or formation of connective tissue. 
A. oblit'erans, inflammation of an artery, leading to 
obliteration of its calibre by increase of connective 
tissue. | 
Artery, ar'te-re (aer, air, tereo, to preserve, the an- 
cients believing that it contained air. They first 
called the trachea arteria tracheia, becaused it is filled 
with air, and afterward used the same term and an- 
geia pneumatica for arteries, properly so called, prob- 
ably because commonly found empty in dead bodies. 
They also used the term phlebes to designate arteries, 
called by Latins venae micantes pulsatiles.) Arteries 
with the moderns are vessels arising from the two ven- 
tricles of the heart, and having valves only at their 
origin. They are cylindrical, firm, and elastic canals; 
of yellowish-white color, little dilatable, easily lac- 
erable. They have usually been described as formed 
of three coats: 1. External laminated or areolar mem- 
brane, Tunica externa or adventitia or cellularis, Vagina 
cellularis, of dense and close character; 2. Middle 
coat, Tunica media or elastica, composed of fibres 
of elastic tissue and of smooth muscular fibres, and 
eminently elastic; 3. Inner or endothelial coat, Tunica 
intima or glabra, thin, diaphanous, reddish, and pol- 
ished, composed of pavement epithelium, delicate 
connective tissue, and elastic fibres, perforated so as 
to entitle it to the name of fenestrated membrane. 
Arteries carry blood from the heart to all parts of 
the system; but they cannot all convey arterial blood. 
The pulmonary artery conveys venous blood to the 
lungs, there to be converted into arterial, whilst the 
pulmonary veins convey arterial blood back to the 
heart. 
Table of the Principal Arteries of the Body. 
All the arteries take their rise from the pulmonary 
artery, or the aorta, the names generally indicating 
parts to which they are distributed. 
I. PULMONARY ARTERY. 
The pulmonary artery arises from the right ven- 
tricle, and soon divides into right and left branch, 
one of which is distributed to each lung. 
II. AORTA. 
The aorta arises from the left ventricle; it is the 
common trunk of the arteries of the body, and may 
be divided into five portions, viz.: its origin, the arch, 
its thoracic portion, its abdominal portion, and its 
bifurcation. 
101 
ARTERY 
(a) Arteries furnished by the Aorta at its Origin. 
1. Cardiac or anterior coronary artery. 
2. Cardiac or posterior coronary artery. 
(6) Arteries furnished by the Aorta at its Arch. 
The arch of the aorta gives off, to the left, two con- 
siderable trunks-the primitive carotid artery and 
the subclavian artery; and, to the right, a single 
trunk, which is larger-the imnominate or brachio- 
cephalic artery, dividing into the primitive carotid 
and subclavian. The right and left coronary arteries 
are also given oif from the ascending portion. 
I. Primitive 
Carotid 
Artery. 
Divides into External and internal carotid 
arteries. 
Furnishes, 1. Superior thyroid artery. 
2. Lingual artery, giving off the dorsal 
lingual and sublingual arteries. 
3. Facial or external maxillary artery, which 
furnishes the inferior palatine artery, 
submental artery, and superior and 
inferior coronary arteries. 
4. Occipital artery, giving off the posterior 
mastoid artery. 
5. Posterior auricular artery, which gives 
off the stylo-mastoid artery. 
6. Inferior pharyngeal artery. 
1. External 
Carotid 
Artery. 
The external carotid ultimately divides 
into the Temporal artery and Internal 
maxillary. 
(a) Temporal 
Artery. 
' Furnishes Transverse facial, Anterior auricu- 
lar, and Middle temporal arteries. 
(&) Internal 
Maxillary 
Artery. 
Furnishes 13 branches-viz., Middle men- 
ingeal, Inferior dental, Deep posterior tem- 
poral, Masseteric, Pterygoid, Buccal, Deep 
anterior temporal, Alveolar, Suborbitar, Vid- 
ian, Pterygo-palatine or superior pharyn- 
geal, Superior palatine, and Spheno-palaiine 
arteries. 
Furnishes, 1. Ophthalmic, which gives off 
Lacrymal, Central of retina, Supraor- 
bitar or superciliary, Posterior ciliary, 
Long ciliary, Superior and inferior mus- 
cular, Posterior and anterior ethmoidal, 
Superior and inferior palpebral, Nasal, and 
Frontal arteries. 2. Communicating of 
Willis. 3. Choroid. 4. Anterior cerebral. 
5. Middle cerebral. 
2. Internal 
Carotid 
Artery. 
Furnishes, 1. Vertebral, which gives off An- 
terior and posterior spinal, Inferior cere- 
bellar, and forms-by uniting itself with 
that of the opposite side-the Basilar, di- 
vided into Superior cerebellar and Pos- 
terior cerebral. 2. Inferior thyroid, which 
gives off Ascending cervical. 3. Internal 
mammary, which gives off the Anterior 
mediastinal and Superior diaphragmatic. 
4. Superior intercostal. 5. Transverse cervi- 
cal. 6. Superior scapular. 7. Posterior or 
deep cervical. 
II. Subclavi- 
an Artery. 
Farther on the subclavian artery con- 
tinues its progress under the name Axil- 
lary artery. 
Furnishes, 1. Acromial. 2. Superior thoracic. 
3. Inferior, long, or external mammary. 4. 
Inferior or common scapular. 5. Posterior 
circumflex. 6. Anterior circumflex. Farther 
on the axillary artery continues under 
the name Brachial artery. 
1. Axillary 
Artery. 
2. Brachial 
Artery. 
Furnishes, 1. Deep humeral or external col- 
lateral artery. 2. Internal collateral artery. 
It afterward divides into the radial and 
cubital or ulnar arteries. 
Gives off Recurrent radial, Dorsal carpal, 
Dorsal metacarpal, Dorsal of the thumb, and 
terminates in forming the Deep palmar 
arch. 
(a) Radial 
Artery. 
(6) Cubital or 
Ulnar Ar- 
tery. 
Gives off Anterior and posterior recurrent 
cubital, Anterior and posterior interosseous, 
which latter furnishes Posterior recurrent 
radial. It terminates in forming the Super- 
ficial palmar arch, which gives off Collateral 
arteries of the fingers. 
(c) Arteries given off by the Aorta in the Thorax. 
1. Right and left bronchial. 
2. (Esophageal (to the number of four, five, or six). 
3. Posterior mediastinal. 
4. Inferior or aortic intercostal (to the number of eight, nine, 
or ten). ARTERY 
(cZ) Arteries furnished by the Aorta in the Abdomen. 
102 
ARTERY 
Axillary. A., az'ygos artic'ular, middle articular a. 
of knee. A., bas'ilar, see Basilar. A., brach'ial, see 
Brachial. A., brach'io-cepha'lic, innominate ar- 
tery. A., bran'chial, name given to arteries distrib- 
uted to branchial arches in Branchiata. A., bron'- 
chial, see Bronchial. A., bron'cho-oesophage'al, 
branch of posterior aorta, giving off branches to 
oesophagus, trachea, and vicinity. A., buc'cal, see 
Buccal. A., bul'bar, A. of bulb of urethra. A. cse'- 
cal, see Csecum. A., cap'sular, branch of abdominal 
aorta to suprarenal capsule. A., car'diac, coronary 
a. of heart. A., carot'id, see Carotid. A., cav'ern- 
ous, branch of internal pudic to cavernous body of 
clitoris. A., cen'tral, of ret'ina, central a. of Zinn. 
Branch of ophthalmic a. piercing optic nerve and dis- 
tributed to retina. A., cerebel'lar, branches of basi- 
lar a. to various parts of cerebellum are so called; as 
branches of internal carotid and basilar arteries to 
brain are called cerebral. A., cer'ebro-spi'nal, a ter- 
minal branch of occipital a. in the horse. A., cer'- 
vical, term applied to various arteries distributed to 
region of neck. A., cho'roid, term applied to branches 
of internal carotid, middle, and posterior cerebral ar- 
teries distributed to choroid plexus; see Choroid. A., 
cil'iary, see Ciliary. A., circ'ular, anastomotic circle 
of arteries around uterus where body joins the neck. 
A., cir'cumflex, term applied respectively to branch 
of subscapular a. to infraspinous fossa of scapula; to 
deep circumflex iliac a. (sometimes to superficial c. i. 
artery). A., clavic'ular, branch of acromio-thoracic 
a. to subclavius. A., coccyge'al, branch of sciatic a. 
to region of coccyx; branch of sacral a. in lower ani- 
mals to caudal vertebrse. A., coch'lear, a terminal 
branch of internal auditory a. to cochlea. A., coel'- 
iac, coeliac axis; see Ceeliac. A., col'ic, see Colic. A.., 
co'mes ner'vi ischiad'ici, branch of sciatic a. accom- 
panying sciatic nerve. A., c. n. phre'nici, see Comes. 
A., com'mon carot'id, c. fem'oral, c. il'iac, etc., see 
Carotid, Femoral, Iliac, etc. A., commu'nicating, artery 
bringing other arteries into communication. A., cor'- 
onary, of heart, cardiac a. A., c., of lip, see Coronary. 
A., c., of stom'ach, see Coronary. A., cremas'teric, 
external spermatic a. A., cri'co-thy'roid, branch of 
superior thyroid to crico-thyroid membrane. A., cro'- 
taphite, temporal a. A., cru'ral, femoral a. A., cu'- 
bital, ulnar a. A., curl'ing, tortuous branches of 
uterine branch of internal iliac in the substance of 
the uterus. A., cys'tic, branch of hepatic a. to gall- 
bladder and immediate vicinity. A., deep auric'ular, 
d. cir'cumflex, d. epigas'tric, d. fem'oral, etc., see 
A., auricular. A., circumflex, A., epigastric, A., femoral, 
etc. A., den'tal, branches of infraorbital and internal 
maxillary arteries distributed to teeth and mouth. A., 
diaphragmat'ic, branches of aorta to diaphragm. A., 
dig'ital, arteries so called are distributed to fingers 
and toes, branches of ulnar, plantar, and other arte- 
ries. A., dor'sal, of clit'oris, one of terminal branches 
of internal pudic distributed to the clitoris. A., d., 
of foot, anterior tibial a., continuation of anterior 
tibial a. A., d., of great toe, first dorsal interosseous 
a. of foot. A., d., of in'dex fln'ger, branch of radial 
a. to index finger. A., d. interos'seous, term applied 
to arteries distributed to dorsal interosseous muscles 
of hand and foot, Dorso-interosseous a-s. A., d., of 
little toe, branch of dorsal a. or of metatarsal a. to 
little toe. A., d., of nose, branch of internal maxil- 
lary a., or ophthalmic a. to back of nose. A., d., of 
pe'nis, branch of a. of penis to dorsum of that organ. 
A., d., of tongue, branch of lingual a. to dorsum of 
tongue, tonsils, etc. A., duode'nal, branch of gastro- 
epiploic a. to duodenum of other animals. A., emul'- 
gent, renal a. A., epicon'dyloid, ulnar a. A., epi- 
gast'ric, term applied to several arteries-deep epigas- 
tric, from external a.; superficial a., from superficial 
femoral a. to lower part of abdomen; and superior a., 
a terminal branch of internal mammary a. to rectus 
abdominis muscle, anastomosing with superficial epi- 
gastric a. A., ethmoid'al, branch of ophthalmic a. to 
dura mater and nasal cavities; branch of same a. to 
posterior ethmoidal cellsand upper part of nose. A., 
exter'nal aud'itory, e. carot'id, e. cir'cumflex, e. 
1. Diaphrag- 
matic Artery. 
Diaphragmatic or phrenic, right and left. 
2. Cceliac 
Artery. 
Which divides into three branches : 1. Coro- 
nary of the stomach. 2. Hepatic, which 
gives off Pyloric, Right gastro-epiploic, and 
Cystic; and, 3. Splenic, which gives off the 
Left gastro-epiploic and Vasa bre via. 
3. Superior 
Mesenteric 
Artery. 
Which gives off at its concavity the Right 
superior, middle, and inferior colic, and at 
its convex part from 15 to 20 Intestinal 
branches. 
4. Inferior 
Mesenteric 
Artery. 
Which gives off Superior, Middle, and Inferior 
colic, and divides into superior hemor- 
rhoidal. 
5. Middle Capsular (to the number of two on each side). 
6. Renal or Emulgent. 
7. Spermatic. 
8. Lumbar (to the number of four or five on each side). 
(e) Arteries resulting from the bifurcation of the Aorta. 
The aorta, a little above its bifurcation, gives off the 
Middle sacral, and divides into Primitive iliac arteries. 
The Primitive iliac artery divides into Internal and External 
iliac arteries. 
1. Internal 
Iliac 
Artery. 
Furnishes, 1. Ilio-lumbar. 2. Lateral sacral. 
3. Gluteal or iliac posterior. 4. Umbilical. 
5. Vesical. 6. Obturator. 7. Middle hemor- 
rhoidal. 8. Uterine. 9. Vaginal. 10. Ischiatic. 
11. Internal pudendal, which gives off the 
inferior hemorrhoidal arteries, A. of the 
septum, Transverse perineal, A. of the corpus 
cavernosum, and Dorsal of penis. 
2. External 
Iliac 
Artery. 
Furnishes, 1. Epigastric. 2. Anterior iliac 
or circumflex iliac, and is continued after- 
ward under the name of Crural or femoral 
artery. 
3. Crural or 
Femoral 
Artery. 
Furnishes, 1. Subcutaneous abdominal. 2. 
Superficial and deep pudendal. 3. Super- 
ficial muscular. 4. Deep muscular, which 
gives off the external and internal circumflex 
and the three perforating arteries dis- 
tinguished into superior, middle, and 
inferior. Farther on, the crural artery 
continues under the name Popliteal artery. 
Furnishes, 1. Superior, internal, middle, and 
external articular. 2. Gemellar. 3. Inferior 
articular (internal and external). 4. /In- 
terior tibial, which, at the foot, takes the 
name Dorsal of the tarsus, and gives off the 
tarsal and metatarsal arteries. In the 
leg the popliteal artery divides into the 
peroneal and posterior tibial. 
4. Popliteal 
Artery. 
5. Peroneal 
Artery. 
Divides into Anterior peroneal and Posterior 
peroneal. 
6. Posterior 
Tibial 
Artery. 
Divides into Internal and external plantar. 
The latter by anastomosing with the Dor- 
sal of the tarsus forms the Plantar arch, 
whence arise the Superior or posterior per- 
forating branches, Inferior posterior and an- 
terior branches, which give off anterior 
perforating branches. 
Artery, abdom'inal. Term applied to several arte- 
ries and branches to the abdomen. A., aber'rant, vas 
aberrans. A., accessory pu'dic, branch of internal 
iliac to organs of generation and vicinity. A., acro'- 
mial, branch of acromio-thoracic a. A., acro'mio-tho- 
ra'cic, branch of axillary a. distributed to arm and 
chest. A., ad'ipose, name given to capsular arteries, 
supplying capsule of kidneys; a. from thoracic aorta to 
fatty tissue of heart. A., a'lar, or a. thora'cic, branch 
of axillary a. to axilla. A., allan'toic, umbilical a. 
A., alve'olar, posterior dental a. A., anastomot'ic, 
artery forming communication between other arteries, 
as anastomotic a. of arm, branch of brachial a.; a. a. of 
thigh, branch of femoral a. A., an'gular, facial a. or 
its terminal branch. A., artic'ular, arteries chiefly 
distributed to elbow- and knee-joints. A., ascend'ing 
cer'vical, branch of inferior thyroid a. A., a. front'al, 
branch of middle cerebral a. A., a. pal'atine, infe- 
rior palatine a. A., a. pari'etal, branch of middle 
cerebral a. to parietal convolution and lobule. A., a. 
pharynge'al, branch of external carotid a., passing 
upward between internal carotid a. and pharynx. A., 
a. thy'roid, inferior thyroid a. A., aster'nal, branch 
of internal mammary a. to costal cartilages. A., atra- 
bil'iary, capsular a. A., aud'itory, usually internal 
auditory a.; occasionally external auditory a. A., 
auric'ular, term applied to several arteries distributed 
chiefly to various parts of the ear. A., ax'illary, see ARTERY 
hemorrhoid'al, etc., see Auditory, Carotid, Circumflex, 
Hemorrhoidal, etc. A., fa'cial, see Facial. A., fem'- 
oral, see Femoral. A., fem'oro-poplite'al, branch of 
popliteal a. in some animals, to back of leg and thigh. 
A., fib'ular, peroneal a.; branch of anterior or poste- 
rior tibial or popliteal a.; calcaneal a. A., fron'tal, 
branch of ophthalmic a. distributed to the forehead. 
A., gas'tric, see Gastric, Gastro-epiploic, Coronary, etc. 
A., gastro-duode'nal, branch of hepatic a. arising near 
pyloric extremity of stomach. A., gastro-epiploic, 
see Gastro-epiploic. A., gastro-hepatlc, coronary a. of 
stomach. A., gas'tro-omen'tal, A., gastro-epiploic. 
A., genital, internal pudic a. A., glute'al, see 
Gluteal. A., hel'icine, see Helicine. A., hemor- 
rhoid'al, see Hemorrhoidal. A., hepat'ic, see Hepatic. 
A., hu'meral, brachial a.; suprascapular a. A., hy'- 
aloid, branch of central a. of retina in foetus passing 
along hyaloid canal to posterior surface of crystalline 
lens. A., hy'oid, branch of external carotid to region 
of hyoid bone. A., hypogas'tric, see Hypogastric. 
A., il'eo-col'ic, lower branch of superior mesenteric a. 
A., il'eo-lum'bar, see Ileo-lumbar. A., il'iac, see Iliac. 
A., il'io-lum'bar, see Ilio-lumbar. A., infe'rior cere- 
bellar, i. cir'cumflex, i. cor'onary, 1. den'tal, 1. glu'- 
teal, etc., see A., cerebellar, A., circumflex, A., coronary, 
A., dental, A., gluteal, etc. A., infraorbital, branch of 
internal carotid a. emerging on face from infraorbital 
foramen. A., infrascap'ular, A., subscapular. A., 
innominate, see Innominate. A., intercos'tal, see In- 
tercostal. A., interlob'ular, branches of arterial loops 
at base of pyramids of kidney, distributed to corpus- 
cles of Malpighi and to vascular network surrounding 
the tubules. A., inter'nal auditory, i. carotid, i. 
hemorrhoid'al, i. il'iac, i. mam'mary, etc., see A., 
auditory, A., carotid, A., hemorrhoidal, A., iliac, A., mam- 
mary, etc. A., interpedun'cular, branches of pos- 
terior cerebral a. to peduncles of brain and posterior 
perforated space. A., ischiadic, inferior gluteal a.; 
also branch of lateral sacral a. in some animals. A., 
lac'rymal, see Lacrymal. A., larynge'al, crico-thyroid 
a.; branch of superior thyroid a. to larynx. A., lat'- 
eral na'sal, branch of facial a. to side of nose. A., 
1. sac'ral, branch of internal iliac a. to sacrum and 
vicinity. A., 1. spi'nal, branches of vertebral to 
spinal canal. A., lin'gual, see Lingual. A., lum'bar, 
see Lumbar. A., malar, branches of lacrymal a. to 
temporal fossa. A., malle'olar, see Malleolar. A., 
mam'mary, see Mammary. A., masseteric, see 
Masseteric. A., mas'toid, branch of occipital a. to 
dura mater and diploe; branch of posterior auricular 
a. A., me'dian, branch of anterior interosseous a. of 
arm, accompanying median merve. A., medicere- 
bel'lar, anterior inferior cerebellar a. A., medicer'- 
ebral, middle cerebral a. A., me'dio-col'ic, branch 
of superior mesenteric a. to colon. A., medullary, 
nutrient a. of bone; a. of medullary substance of 
brain. A., meninge'al, see Meningeal. A., ment'al, 
see Mental. A., mesenter'ic, see Mesenteric. A., 
mesolo'bar, anterior cerebral a. A., metacar'pal, 
see Metacarpal. A., metatar'sal, see Metatarsal. 
A., mid'dle cer'ebral, m. coccyge'al, etc., see 
A., cerebral, A., coccygeal, etc. A., mus'culo- 
phren'ic, ohe of terminal branches of internal 
mammary a. to diaphragm and abdominal mus- 
cles. A., na'sal, see Nasal. A., naso-pal'atine, 
branch of spheno-palatine a. A., nu'trient, term 
applied to various arteries distributed to bones. A., 
ob'turator, see Obturator. A., occipital, see Occipital. 
A., oesophage'al, branches of thoracic aorta to 
oesophagus, pleura, etc.; branches of coronary a. of 
stomach. A., om'phalo-mesenter'ic, see Omphalo- 
mesenteric. A., ophthal'mic, see Ophthalmic. A., 
or'bital, branch of temporal a. to orbicular muscle of 
eyelids and integument. A., ova'rian, branch of 
abdominal aorta in female, corresponding to internal 
spermatic a. in male. A., pal'atine, see Palatine. A., 
pal'mar, see Palmar arches. A., pancreatic, see 
Pancreas. A., pancreat'ico-duode'nal, branch of 
hepatic a. to pancreas and duodenum. A., pari'etal, 
branch of occipital a. to parietal bone. A., pe'dal, 
dorsal a. of foot. A., perforating, see Perforans. 
103 
ARTERY 
A., pericephal'ic, external carotid a. A., perine'al, 
branch of internal pudic a. to back part of scrotum. 
A., perone'al, see Peroneal. A. pharynge'al, see 
Pharyngeal. A., phrenic, branches of cceliac axis or 
abdominal aorta, and of internal mammary to dia- 
phragm. A., plan'tar, see Plantar. A., poplite'al, 
see Popliteal. A., postcerebel'lar, branch of vertebral 
or basilar a. to posterior part of cerebellum. A., post- 
cer'ebral, a terminal branch of basilar a. to posterior 
portion of cerebrum; branches of postcerebral a. sent 
to choroid plexus are called postchoroid. A., poste'- 
rior auric'ular, p. cho'roid, p. ciliary, p. iliac, etc., 
see Auricular, Choroid, Ciliary, Iliac, etc. A., precere- 
bellar, branch of basilar a. to upper part of cerebel- 
lum. A., precer'ebral, branch of internal carotid 
distributed to frontal lobe of brain. A., precho'roid, 
branches of internal carotid a. or middle cerebral a. 
to choroid plexus. A., prehu'meral, branch of 
brachial a. in some animals to shoulder and neighbor- 
ing muscles. A., preplanlar, a terminal branch of 
digital a. in some animals to heel and foot. A., pre- 
pu'bic, branch of external iliac or femoral a. passing 
through crural ring in some animals. A., prever'- 
tebral, branch of occipital a. in some animals. A., 
prilnary or primitive iliac, common iliac a. A., 
primitive carotid, common carotid a. A., profun'- 
da, see Profunda. A., pter'ygoid, see Pterygoid. A., 
pter'ygo-pal'atine, branch of spheno-maxillary a. to 
Eustachian tube and pharynx. A., pu'dic, see Pudic. 
A., pul'monary, see Pulmonary. A., pylo'ric, see 
Pyloric. A., ra'dial, see Radial. A., r. recurrent, 
see Radial. A., radialis in'dicus, branch of radial 
a. to index finger. A., ra'nine, see Ranine. A., re'- 
nal, see Renal. A., retinal, see A., central, of retina. 
Eetinal a. on side of optic nerve toward the 
nose. A., rhachidlan, spinal artery. A., sacral, 
see Sacral. A., saphe'na, branch of femoral a. 
in some animals, accompanying saphenous vein. 
A., scap'ular, see Scapular. A., sciatic, one of ter- 
minal branches of internal iliac a. accompanying in- 
ternal pudic a. and sciatic nerve. A., scro'tal, branch 
of inferior external pudic a. and of internal pudic a. 
A., sig'moid, branch of inferior mesenteric a. to sig- 
moid flexure of colon. A., sphenoid'al, branch of 
middle cerebral a. to sphenoidal lobe. A. spheno- 
pal'atine, see Spheno-palatine. A., spi'nal, arteries 
of spinal cord. A., spi'ral, small arteries of preg- 
nant uterus penetrating placenta, utero-placental a. 
A., splenic, see Splenic. A., stylo-mas'toid, see Stylo- 
mastoid. A., subcerebellar, branch of basilar a. to 
lower part of cerebellum. A., subcla'vian, see Sub- 
clavian. A., sublin'gual, see Sublingual. A., sub- 
maxillary, branch of facial a. to submaxillary gland. 
A., submen'tal, see Submental. A., subor'bital, A., in- 
fraorbital. A. subscap'ular, branch of axillary a. to 
subscapularis muscle. A., superfi'cial fem'oral, s. 
glute'al, etc., see Femoral, Gluteal, etc. A., supe'rior 
glute'al, s. larynge'al, etc., see Gluteal, Laryngeal, etc. 
A., supramaxlllary, superior dental a. A., supra- 
or'bital, see Frontal. A.., suprare'nal, A., capsular; 
branch of inferior phrenic a. and of renal a. to supra- 
renal. A., suprascap'ular, branch of thyroid axis 
to upper border of scapula and supraspinous fossa. 
A., supraspi'nous, branch of transverse cervical a. 
to supraspinatus muscle. A., supraster'nal, branch 
of suprascapular a. to front of chest. A., su'ral, deep, 
branch of popliteal a. to calf of leg. A., tar'sal, ex- 
ternal and internal, branch of dorsal a. of foot. A., 
tem'poral, see Temporal. A., termatlc, A. proceed- 
ing to lamina terminalis and vicinity from junction 
of anterior cerebral arteries or from anterior com- 
municating a. A., testic'ular, spermatic a. A., 
thorac'ic, see Thoracic. A., thy'mic, branches of in- 
ternal mammary a. to mediastinum and thymus gland. 
A., thy'reoid or thy'roid, see Thyroid. A., tib'ial, 
see Tibial. A., tonsil'lar, branch of facial a. to tonsil 
and tongue. A., transverse', branches of basilar a. 
topons; see Transverse. A., t. cer'vical, branch of 
thyroid axis. A., t. fa'cial, branch of superficial 
temporal a. running across the face. A., t. perine'al, 
see Transverse. A., tympan'ic, branch of internal max- ARTETISCUS 
illary or deep auricular a. to tympanum. A., ul'nar, 
see Ulnar. A., umbil'ical or umbil'ico-fce'tal, see 
Umbilical. A., ure'thral, A. of bulb of urethra. A., 
ure'thro-bul'bar, A. of bulb of urethra; transverse 
perineal a. A., u'terine, see Uterine. A., u'tero- 
placen'tal, A., spiral. A., vagi'nal, see Vaginal. A., 
ver'tebral, see Vertebral. A., ves'ical, see Vesical. 
A., vestib'ular, branches of internal auditory a. to 
vestibule of ear. A., Vid'ian, see Vidian. A. vit'el- 
line, larger branch of embryonic primitive aorta*, be- 
coming afterward umbilical a. A., vo'lar, palmar 
digital a. 
Artetiscus, ar-ta-tis'kus (artus, limb). One who has 
lost a limb. 
Arthani'ta (artos, bread), Cyclamen, Snowbread. 
Formerly made into ointment, and rubbed on the 
abdomen as purgative. A. cycla'men, Arthanita, 
Cyclamen. 
Arthanitin, ar-than'it-in. Cyclamin; white, poi- 
sonous glucoside from Cyclamen Europseum. 
Arthrsemia, ar-thre'me-ah (arthro, haima, blood). 
Increased flow of blood to a joint. 
Arthrago'sis. Gouty affection. 
Arthragra, arth'rah-grah (arthro, agra, seizure). 
Gout. A. anom'ala, gout, anomalous. A. genui'na, 
legit'ima, norma'lis, or ve'ra, gout, regular. 
Arthralgia, ar-thral'je-ah (arthro, algos, pain), or 
Arthral'gy. Arthrodynia; gout. 
Arthrapobrochismus, ar-thra-po-brok-iz'mus (arth- 
ron, limb, apobrochizo, to catch by a noose). Tight 
bandaging, even to strangulation. 
Arthraposphinxis, ar-thrap-o-sfinks-is (aposphinxis, 
constriction). Tight bandaging. 
Arthrapostema, ar-thrap-os-ta'mah (apostema, ab- 
scess). Abscess of a joint. 
Arthrectasia (ar-threk-taz'e-ah) or Arthrectasis, 
ar-threk'tas-is (arthro, ektasis, dilatation). Dilatation 
or distension of joint. 
Arthrectomy, ar-threk'to-me (ektome, excision). 
Excision of joint; operation to open joint and take 
away structures. 
Arthrelcosis, ar-threl-ko'sis (arthro, helkosis, ulcera- 
tion). Ulceration of a joint. 
Arthrembolesis, ar-threm-bo-la'sis. Eeduction of 
fracture or luxation. 
Arthrembolus, ar-threm'bo-lus (arthro, emballo, to 
cast). Ancient instrument for reduction of disloca- 
tions. 
Arthrempyema, ar-threm-pe-a'mah (arthro, em- 
pyema). Suppuration of a joint. 
Arthrentasls, ar-thren'tas-is (arthro, entasis, distor- 
tion). Distortion of a joint. 
Arthretica, ar-thret'ik-ah. Arthritis or remedies for 
it; Teucrium chamsepitys. 
Arthric, ar'thrik. Appertaining or relating to 
joints. 
Arthritic, ar-thrit'ik (arthro). Gouty; relating to 
arthritis or inflammation of joints in general, and es- 
pecially to gout. A. fe'ver, acute form of gout. A. 
ring, sclerotic zone. 
Arthriticus verus, ar-thrit'ik-us va'rus. Gout. 
Arthritifugum, ar-thrit-if'u-gum (arthritis, fugo, 
to drive away). Eemedy to drive away gout. 
Arthritis, ar-thre'tis. Inflammation of a joint; 
occasionally extending to surrounding muscles. A. 
aber'rans, gout, wandering or metastatic. A., acute, 
gout, regular. A., a. rheumat'ic, acute articular 
rheumatism. A. arthrodyn'ia, rheumatism, chronic. 
A. asthen'ica, gout, atonic. A., aton'ic, gout, atonic. 
A. blennorrhag'ica, gonorrhoeal inflammation of a 
joint. A. catarrha'lis, catarrhal inflammation of a 
joint; purulent a. A. chi'ragra, gout in the hands. 
A. chron'ica, chronic arthritis, to which other terms 
have been added, as deformans, chronic arthritis with 
deformity; neurotica, c. a. after disease of nervous 
system; rheumatica, affecting several joints success- 
ively ; senilis, when attacking old people; serosa, 
when accompanied with serous effusion; sicca (dry), 
when not thus accompanied. A. defor'mans, chronic 
osteo-arthritis accompanied by swelling and deform- 
ity ; rheumatoid arthritis. A. diaphragmat'ica, an- 
104 
ARTHROHYDRIN 
gina pectoris. A., dry, see A. chronica. A. errat'ica, 
gout, wandering. A. fungo'sa or gelatino'sa, A. 
characterized by fungous or gelatinous granulations. 
A. gon'agra, gout in the knees. A. gonorrho'ica, 
rheumatoid disease accompanying gonorrhoea; gonor- 
rhoeal rheumatism. A. granulo'sa, A. attended with 
granulations. A. hiema'lis, winter gout. A. hy- 
drar'thros, swelling of the articulations. A. inflam- 
mato'ria, gout, regular. A. inter'na, gout of internal 
organs. A. juveni'lis, see Rheumatism, acute. A. lar- 
va'ta, masked gout. A. maxilla'ris, gouty or rheu- 
matic affection of the joint of the lower jaw. A. 
myelit'ica, A. deformans. A. neurot'ica, see A. 
chronica. A. nodo'sa, gout with nodosities. A. pau'- 
perum, arthritis, rheumatoid; chronic rheumatic 
gout. A. planet'ica, gout, wandering. A. pod'agra, 
gout in the feet. A. retrogra'da, gout, retrograde. 
A., rheumat'ic, rheumatoid a., acute rheumatism. 
A., r., chron'ic, see Rheumatism. A. rheumatis'mus, 
acute rheumatism. A., rheum'atoid, see Rheumatism. 
A. sic'ca, see A. chronica. A. spu'ria, undefined 
pain in any part of the body; swelling of joints, but 
not rheumatic in origin. A. syphilit'ica, rheumatism 
due to syphilis; gonorrhoeal rheumatism. A. tuber- 
culo'sa, tuberculous a. A. urat'ica, A. with excess 
of uric acid; see Gout. A. urethrl'tis, A. as sequel 
of urethritis. A. va'ga, gout, wandering. A. vene'- 
rea, A. syphilitica. A. ve'ra, gout, regular. A. vis- 
cera'lis, gout attacking an internal organ, the stom- 
ach, for example. 
Arthritism, ar'thrit-ism. Arthritic diathesis, gouty 
or rheumatic. 
Arthritolith, ar-thrit'o-lith (arthro, lithos, stone). 
Calcareous or other deposit in a joint. 
Ar'thro (arthron, a joint). In composition, joint. 
Arthrocace, ar-throk'as-e (arthro, kakos, bad). Dis- 
ease of joints, especially caries of articular surfaces; 
spina ventosa. A. coxa'rum, hip-joint disease; see 
Coxarum morbus. 
Arthrocacia, ar-thro-kash'e-ah, chronic disease of 
Joints. 
Arthrocacologia, ar-thro-ka-ko-loj'e-ah (arthroca- 
cia, chronic disease of a joint, logos, description). 
Treatise on or description of chronic diseases of 
joints. 
Arthrocarcinoma, ar-thro-kar-sin-o'mah (arthro, 
karkinoma, cancer). Cancer of a joint. 
Arthrocele, arth-ro-se'le (Eng. ar'thro-seel) (arthro, 
kele, tumor). Tumor of a joint. 
Arthrocephalus, ar-thro-sef'al-us (artfero, kephale, 
head). Having head distinct from the body. 
Arthrochondritis, ar-thro-kon-dre'tis (arthro, chon- 
dros, cartilage). Inflammation of cartilages of joints. 
Arthroclasia, ar-thro-klaz'e-ah (arthron, klao, to 
break). Breaking up of adhesions in cases of an- 
kylosis. 
Arthroclasis, ar-throk'las-is (arthro, klasis, break- 
ing). Breaking up of adhesions of ankylosed joint. 
Arthrodactylous, ar-thro-dak'til-us (arthro, daktu- 
los, finger). Having fingers or toes articulated. 
Arthrodexis, ar-thro-deks'is (arthro, dexis, biting). 
Operation of scraping a joint to remove foreign bodies, 
granulations, etc. 
Arthrodia, ar-thro'de-ah. Movable joint, formed 
by head of bone applied to surface of shallow socket, 
so that it can execute movements in every direction. 
Arthrodium, ar-thro'de-um (dim. of Arthrodia). 
Small joint. 
Arthrodynia, ar-thro-din'e-ah (arthro, odune, pain). 
Pain in a joint; chronic rheumatism. A. podag'rica, 
gout. 
Arthrcedema, ar-thre-da'mah. Hydrarthrus. 
Arthroempyesis, ar-thro-em-pe-a'sis (arthro, empue- 
sis, suppuration). Abscess in a joint. 
Arthrography, ar-throg'ra-fe (arthro, grapho, to 
write). Description of joints. 
Arthrogryposis, ar-thro-grip-o'sis (arthro, grupoo, to 
incurvate). Malposition of joints, especially of hands 
and feet. 
Arthrohydrin, ar-thro-hid'rin (arthro, hudor, water). 
Synovin, coagulable part of synovia. ARTH ROKLEISIS 
Arthrokleisis, ar-thro'kli-sis (arthro, kleis, lock). 
Ankylosis. 
Arthrolepro'sis. Leprosy attended with ulceration 
and separation of fingers or toes. 
Arthrolitli, arth'ro-lith (arthro, lithos, stone). Car- 
tilaginous free body in an articulation, in a calcareous 
condition. 
Arthrology, ar-throl'o-je (arthro, logos, description). 
Description of joints; anatomy of joints. 
Arthrombole, ar-throm'bo-le (arthro, ballo, to cast). 
Coaptation, reduction, as of luxated or fractured bone. 
Arthromeningitis, ar-thro-men-in-je'tis (arthro, 
meninx, membrane). Synovitis. A. croupo'sa, syno- 
vitis with exudation. A. gonorrho'ica, gonorrhoeal 
rheumatism. A. prolif'era, fungous arthritis. A. 
sero'sa, A. with effusion of serum. A. tuberculo'sa, 
tubercular synovitis. 
Arthron (joint). Articulation of bones, with motion; 
opposite of symphysis, or articulation without motion. 
Arthronalgia, ar-thron-al'je-ah (arthro, algos, pain). 
Arthrodynia. 
Arthroncus, ar-thron'kus (arthro, onkos, swelling). 
Tumefaction of a joint. 
Arthronempyesis, ar-thron-em-pe-a'sis (arthro, en, 
in, puon, pus). Suppuration of a joint. 
Arthroneural'gia. Arthralgia. 
Arthroparalysis, ar-thro-par-al'is-is. Paralysis of 
limb. 
Arthropathia, ar-thro-path-e'ah (arthro, pathos, dis- 
ease). Disease of joints; see Arthropathy. A. pro- 
gressi'va, progressive affection of joints of fingers, 
with puffiness. A. tabet'ica or tabido'rum, Char- 
cot's disease; see Arthropathy, tabetic. 
Arthropathology, ar-thro-path-ol'o-je. Pathology 
of joints. 
Arthropathy, ar-throp'a-the. Disease of a joint. A., 
atax'ic, Charcot's disease. 
Arthroperisphinxis,ar-thro-per-e-sfinks'is (sphinxis, 
constriction). Tight bandaging. 
Arthroperissia (arthro, perissos, extraordinary). 
Excess of limbs or joints. 
Arthrophlogosis, ar-thro-flo-go'sis (arthro, phlego, 
to burn). Inflammation of a joint. A. defor'mans, 
chronic osteo-arthritis. A. fibro'sa, fungous arthritis. 
A. synovia'lis, synovitis. A., tabet'ic, joint disease; 
symptomatic of tabes dorsalis, with oedema and puf- 
finess, followed by destruction of cartilages and 
ligaments, and erosion of end of bone; Charcot's 
disease. 
Arthrophlysis, ar-throf'lis-is (arthro, phlusis, erup- 
tion). Cutaneous eruption accompanying gout. A. 
cardi'aca, eczema accompanying gouty or rheumatic 
heart disease. 
Arthrophy'ma (arthro, phuma, growth, swelling of a 
joint). A. adenochon'drium (aden, gland, chondros, 
cartilage). Tumefaction of glands and cartilages of 
joints. A. bursa'le, enlargement of bursa. 
Arthrophyte, ar'thro-fite (arthro, phuton, growth). 
Growth of any kind in a joint; floating cartilage. 
Arthroplasty, arth'ro-plas-te (arthro, plasso, to form). 
Operation to form false joint in ankylosis. 
Arthropoda, ar-throp'o-dah (arthro, pous, foot). Ar- 
ticulate animals. 
Arthropyosis, ar-thro-pe-o'sis (arthro, puon, pus). 
Suppuration or abscess of a joint. 
Arthrorheumatismus, ar - thro - too - mat - iz' mus. 
Acute rheumatism. 
Arthrorrhagia, ar-thror-rhah'je-ah (arthro, rhegnu- 
mi, to break forth). Hemorrhage into a joint. 
Arthrosia, ar-thro'ze-ah. Inflammation of a joint; 
occasionally extending to surrounding muscles. A. 
acu'ta, acute rheumatism. A. chron'ica, rheumatism, 
chronic. A. coxen'dicis, sciatica. A. hydrar'thrus, 
white swelling; fungous arthritis. A. lumbo'rum, 
lumbago. A. pod'agra, gout. A. p. complica'ta, gout, 
retrograde. A. p. larva'ta, gout, atonic. A. p. regu- 
la'ris, gout, regular. A. thora'cis, pleurodynia. 
Arthrosis, ar-thro'sis. Articulation. 
Arthrospongosis (ar-thro-spon-go'sis) or Arthro- 
spongus, ar-thro-spon'gus (arthro, spongos, sponge). 
White fungous tumor of joints. 
105 
ARTICULATIO 
Arthrospore, arth'ro-spore. Spore resulting from 
segmentation of parent cell. 
Arthrosteitis. ar-thros-te-e'tis (arthro, osteon, bone). 
Inflammation of articular extremity of bones. 
Arthrostenosis, ar-thro-ste-no'sis (arthro, stenos, 
narrow). Contraction in size of a joint. 
Arthrosteophyma, ar - thros - te - o - fe' mab (arthro, 
osteon, bone, phuma, growth). Tumor of articular ex- 
tremity of bone. 
Arthrosteresis, ar-thros-ta-ra'sis (arthro, steresis, 
deficiency). Deficiency of limbs. 
Arthrosti'tis. Arthrosteitis. 
Arthrosym'physis (arthro, sumphusis, growing to- 
gether). Ankylosis. 
Arthrosyrinx, ar-thro-syr'inks (arthro, surinx, tube). 
Fistula communicating with a joint. 
Ar'throtome (arthro, tome, cutting). Knife for ope- 
rating on joints. 
Arthrotomy, ar-throt'o-me. Use of knife in joint 
affection. Operation of opening a joint; arthrectomy. 
Arthrotophus, ar-throt'o-fus. Gouty concretion in 
a joint. 
Arthrotrauma, ar-thro-traw'mah (arthro, trauma, 
wound). Wound of a joint. 
Arthrotropia, ar-thro-trop'e-ah (arthro, trope, turn- 
ing). Twisting of a joint. 
Arthrous, aFthrus. Provided with joints. 
Arthroxerosis, ar-thro-zer-o'sis (arthro, xeros, dry). 
Deformative arthritis; chronic osteo-arthritis. 
Arthroxesis, ar-throks-a'sis (arthro, xeo, to scrape). 
Removal of fungosities from joints by scraping. 
Artia, ar'te-ah (aer, air). Arteria trachea, trachea. 
Artiad, ar'te-ad (artios, even). Name used in chem- 
istry to denote an element possessing power of com- 
bining, expressed by an even number. 
Artichoke, ar'te-choke. Cynara scolymus. 
Ar'tlcle. Joint. A. of death, articulo mortis. 
Articocalus, ar-te-ko'kal-us. Cynara scolymus. 
Articular, ar-tik'u-lar (art us, joint, articulus, small 
joint). Relating to the articulations, as articular 
capsules, etc. A. ar'teries of arm, circumflex ar- 
teries of arm. A. ar'teries of knee arise from pop- 
liteal artery and surround the tibio-femoral articula- 
tion. They are distinguished into superior and in- 
ferior. The superior articular arteries, popliteal 
articular arteries, are commonly three-internal, ex- 
ternal, and middle, Azygos articular. The first, 
Ramus anastomoticus magnus, anastomoses by one 
branch with external circumflex, and by another 
with external superior articular; the second anas- 
tomoses with external circumflex, superior internal 
articular, and inferior external articular; the third is 
distributed within the joint. The inferior articular 
are two-internal and external. The former anasto- 
moses with the internal superior articular and exter- 
nal inferior articular; latter anastomoses with recur- 
rent branch of anterior tibial and external superior 
articular. A. car'tilages, see Cartilages. A. em'i- 
nence, prominence of zygomatic process. A. erup'- 
tlve fever, dengue. A. facettes, contiguous surfaces 
by which bones are articulated, A. lamel'la, tissue 
to which articular cartilage is attached. A. pro'cess, 
see Vertebras. A. rheum'atism, see Rheumatism. A. 
veins of knee follow same course as the arteries. 
Articularis, ar-tic-u-lar'is. Articular. A. ge'nu 
of Sommering, subcrurseus. A. ve'na, articular vein 
of arm. 
Articulata, ar-tik-u-lat'ah. Arthropoda. 
Articulate, ar-tik'u-late. Connected, as A. speech, 
connection of pronounced words. 
Articulated, ar-tik'u-la-ted. Provided with, or 
united by, articulations, as articulated skeleton. 
Articulatio, ar-tik-u-lah'she-o. Articulation or 
joint. A. artificia'lis, articulation, false. A. 
Chopartii, line of articulations followed in Chopart's 
amputation. A. cox'se, hip-joint. A. cu'biti, elbow- 
joint. A. fem'oris, knee-joint. A. ge'nu, knee- 
joint. A. hu'meri, shoulder-joint. A. Lisfranc'ii, 
tarso-metatarsal articulations. A. mandibula'ris or 
maxil'lae, temporo-maxillary a. A. mix'ta, amphiar- 
throsis. A. no'tha, articulation, false. A. pe'dis, ARTICULATION 
ankle-joint. A. pla'sia, arthrodia. A. sphseroi'dea, 
enarthrosis. A. ta'li, ankle-joint. A. ta'lo-crura'lis, 
ankle-joint. 
Articulation, ar-tik-u-la'shun. Joint; union of 
bones with each other, as well as kind of union. 
Putting bones of skeleton together. Division of body 
of animals into segments. Combination of letters con- 
stituting words; see Voice. The following classifica- 
tion of articulations or joints is usually made (Brock- 
way and O'Malley, after Gray): 
106 
ARY17ENOI DZEUS 
Artlstomia, ar-tis-tom'e-ah (arti, exactly, stoma, 
mouth). Distinct articulation; correct size of opening 
in a cut from operation. 
Artizoos, ar-te-zo'os (arti, exactly, zoe, life). Just 
alive, being newly born or nearly dead. 
Artocarpus (ar-to-karp'us) heterophyl'la (art os, 
bread, karpos, fruit). Species having astringent root, 
used in diarrhoea, etc. A. inci'sa, bread-fruit tree, 
Polynesian tree, fruit of which, milky and juicy, 
supplies the place of bread. Ashes of leaves mixed 
with cocoanut oil are used externally in leprosy. 
The root is astringent. A. integrifo'lia, root, as- 
tringent, is used in dysentery. 
Artocreas, ar-tok'ra-as (artos, bread, kreas, flesh). 
Nourishing food made of various aliments boiled to- 
gether. 
Artogala, ar-tog'al-ah (artos, bread, gala, milk). 
Alimentary preparation of bread and milk; poultice. 
Artomeli, ar-tom'a-le (artos, bread, meli, honey). 
Cataplasm of bread and honey. 
Artopoeopsora, ar-to-pe-o-so'rah (artopoios, baker, 
psora, itch). Baker's itch, form of eczema. 
Ar'tus. Articulation; limb. 
Artyma, ar'tim-ah (artuo, to prepare). Aroma; 
condiment. 
Ar'um America'num be'tse fo'liis. Dracontium 
fcetidum. A. dracon'tium, green dragon; indigenous; 
same properties as A. triphyllum. A. dracun'culus 
resembles A. maculatum in properties. A. esculen'- 
tum, used as food by people of Madeira, Polynesia, 
etc., and laboring population of West Indies. A. 
macula'tum, Wake robin, Priest's pintle, Cuckow pint; 
fresh root is stimulant and hydragogue cathartic in- 
ternally; externally, very acrid. From the root 
starch is prepared, called Portland Island sago, Port- 
land arrow root, Gersa serpentarise, Cerusa serpentarix, 
Fecula ari maculati. A., three-leaved, A. triphyllum. 
A. triphyl'lum, Three-leaved A., Indian turnip, Dragon 
root, Dragon turnip, Pepper turnip. This plant grows 
all over the United States. Recent root has been em- 
ployed in asthma, croup, and whooping cough, and 
boiled in lard is used in tinea capitis, and in milk in 
consumption. A. Virgin'icum, Peltandra Virginica. 
A. vulga're, A. maculatum. A., wa'ter, Calla palus- 
tris. 
Arun'do bam'bos. Bamboo splint or bandage. A. 
brach'ii ma'jor, ulna. A. b. mi'nor, radius. A. do'- 
nax, from S. Europe; root is antigalactic. A. ind'ica, 
Sagittarium alexipharmacum. A. ma'jor, tibia. A. 
mi'nor, fibula. A. phrag'mites, European plant 
with depurative properties. A. saccharif'era, see 
Saccharum. 
Arva, ar'vah. Ava. A. mulie'bria, female genera- 
tive organs. 
Arveloz, ar-ve-loz. Alveloz. 
Ar'vum (field). Vulva. A. natu'rae, uterus. 
Ary-arytsenoidseus, ah-re-ah-rit-e-noid-e'us. Aryt- 
renoid. A.-cornicula'tus obli'quus, muscular fas- 
ciculi on upper surface of ary-epiglotticus muscle. 
A.-c. rec'tus, muscular fibres passing from arytenoid 
cartilage to cornicula of larynx. A.-epiglotticus, 
epiglottid'eus, or membrano'sus, aryteno-epiglotti- 
cus muscle. A.-Santorin'ian lig'aments, ligaments 
between arytenoid cartilages and cornicula of larynx. 
A.-Santorinla'nus, arytenoid muscle. A.-syndes- 
micus, ah-re-sin-des'mik-us. Collection of muscular 
fibres from cricoid cartilage to arytenoid. 
Arytaenoepiglotticus, ah-re-te-no-ep-e-glot'tik-us 
(arutaina, pitcher). Belonging to arytenoid cartilages 
and epiglottis. Small, fleshy fasciculi attached at one 
extremity to the arytenoid cartilages, and by the other 
to the free edge of the epiglottis, forming part of the 
arytenoid muscle. 
Aryt seno- epiglottid aeus, ah-re-te' no-ep-e-glot-tid- 
e'us. See Sacculus laryngis. 
Arytaenoidseus, ah-rit-e-no-id-e'us. Small muscle 
passing from one arytenoid cartilage to the other; by 
its contraction it brings them together and diminishes 
aperture of glottis. It has been divided into three 
portions: Arytxnoidxus transversus or Ary-arytenoidx- 
us and two Arytxnoidxi obliqui. A. ma'jor, A. trans- 
Classification of Articulations. 
Sutura 
vera 
(true) 
dentata-e.g. interparietal, 
serrata-e. g. interfrontal. 
limbosa-e. g. fronto-parie- 
tal. 
Synarthro- 
dia!, im- 
movable. 
notha 
(false) 
squamosa-e. g. squamo- 
parietal. 
harmonia-e. g. intermax- 
illary. 
Schindylesis-e. g. rostrum of sphenoid and 
vomer. 
Gomphosis-e. g. tooth in alveolus. 
Surfaces connected by flbro-cartilage, not 
separated by synovial membrane-e. g. 
bodies of vertebrae. 
Surfaces covered by flbro-cartilage and par- 
tially lined by synovial membrane-e. g. 
pubic symphysis. 
throdial 
mixed ' 
■ 
' Arthrodia gliding (not referable to any axis)- 
e. g. some movements in temporo-maxillary 
articulation. 
Enarthrosis, ball-and-socket-e. g. shoulder 
and hip. 
Ginglymus, fringe-e. g. elbow, knee; no 
lateral motion. 
Diarthrosis rotatoria, or lateral ginglymus, a 
pivot within a ring-e. g. atlo-axoia. 
Condyloid, ovoid head in elliptical cavity- 
e. g. wrist. 
Reciprocal reception, saddle-shaped-e. g. 
carpo-metacarpal joint of thumb. 
Diarthro- 
dial, 
mixed. 
Articula'tion, amphiarthro'dial. Amphiarthrosis. 
A., arthro'dial, arthrodia. A., ball-and-socket, en- 
arthrosis. A., Chopart's, medio-tarsal joint. A., con'- 
fluent, cutting short of words or running them to- 
gether, as in some forms of mental disease. A., cup- 
and-ball, enarthrosis. A., diar thro'dial, diarthrosis. 
A., false, false joint, formed between fragments of 
bone that have remained ununited, or between lux- 
ated bone and surrounding parts. A., immov'able, 
synarthrosis. A., mixed, amphiarthrosis. A., mov'- 
able, diarthrosis. A. posi'tions, term applied to po- 
sitions at which the sounds of certain consonants are 
produced. A., syno'vial, A. bathed with synovial 
fluid. A., tro'choid, A. admitting of rotation only. 
Articuli, ar-tik'u-le. Joints, small members. Zones 
of lenticular nucleus of corpus striatum. A. digito'- 
rum ma'nus, phalanges of fingers. A. digito'rum 
pe'dis, phalanges of toes. 
Articulo mortis, ar-tik'u-lo mor'tis (in the article 
of death). At the point of death. A. spina'lis, semi- 
spinalis colli. 
Articulus, ar-tik'u-lus. Joint segment, limb. A. 
no'vus (new joint), pseudarthrosis. A. preternatu- 
ra'lis, pseudarthrosis. A. spu'rius, pseudarthrosis. 
Artificial, ar-te-fish'al (ars, art, facio, to make). 
Formed by art. A. a'nus, see Anus. A. eyes are 
usually enamel, glass, or celluloid hollow hemispheres 
applied beneath the eyelids, to replace a lost eye. A. 
fecunda'tion, impregnation with semen injected by 
artificial means into the vagina or uterus. A. im- 
pregna'tion, A. fecundation. A. joint, false joint; 
see Joint. A., leech, see Leech. A. limbs, apparatus 
by which loss of limbs can be greatly palliated. A. 
pu'pil, see Pupil. A. respira'tion, see Respiration, 
artificial, and Resuscitation, methods of. A. teeth, these 
substitutes for natural teeth are made of ivory, tooth 
of hippopotamus, porcelain, etc. 
Ar'tisan's cramp. Spasmodic affection of the mus- 
cles caused by prolonged co-ordination of a certain set 
of the muscles employed in delicate manipulation. 
Artiscoccus laevis, ar-tis-kok'kus le'vis. Cynara 
scolymus. 
Artiscus, ar-tis'kus (dim. of Artos, bread). Troch- 
lear tablet. ARYT7ENO-PH ARYNGEUS 
versus. A. mi'nor or obli'quus, oblique portion of 
arytsenoideus. A. rec'tus, ary-corniculatus rectus. 
A. transver'sus, transverse portion of arytsenoideus. 
Arytaeno-pharyngeus, ah - re - te' no - far - in - ja' us. 
Muscle in some animals from arytenoid cartilage to 
lower part of pharynx. 
Arytenial, a-rit-e'ne-al. Arytenoid. 
Aryte'no-epiglot'tic or epigiottide'an. Belonging 
to the arytenoid cartilage and epiglottis, as aryteno- 
epiglottic or aryteno-epiglottidean fold of mucous 
membrane, so situated; aryteno-epiglottic muscle, 
muscular fibres passing from one of the two carti- 
lages to the other. 
Arytenoid, a-rit'en-oid (arytsena, eidos, shape). 
Ladle-shaped. A. car'tilages, two cartilages of lar- 
ynx, situated posteriorly above the cricoid, which, by 
approximation, diminish the aperture of the glottis. 
Their upper extremities or cornua are now and then 
found loose as appendices, considered by some as dis- 
tinct cartilages, Cuneiform or tuberculated cartilages, 
Cornicula laryngis. A., glands, small, glandular, whit- 
ish bodies situate anterior to the A. cartilages. They 
pour out mucous fluid to lubricate the larynx. A. 
mus'cle, arytenoidams. 
Arytenoidum (ah-rit-en-oi'dum) capit'ulse. Cor- 
nicula of larynx. See Arytenoid cartilages. 
Arythm, a-rithm (a, rhuthmos, rhythm). Irregu- 
larity ; term applied chiefly to the pulse, arythmic pulse. 
As, in composition, see Ad. 
As. Pound. 
A'sa. Asafcetida. See Assa. A. dul'cis, benja- 
min. A. fcet'ida, asafcetida. 
Asafcetida (Ph. U. S.), as-a-fet'id-ah. Assafoetida, 
Devil's dung, Food of the gods. Gum-resin, concrete 
juice of Ferula assafoetida, F. scorodosma, Narthex assa- 
foetida, ord. Umbelliferae. In small whitish, reddish, 
and violet masses, adhering together. Taste bitter 
and subacrid; smell alliaceous. It has been used as 
a condiment. It is antispasmodic, carminative, stim- 
ulant, and anthelmintic. Dose, gr. v to xx in pill. 
Asagraya (a-sa-gray'ah) or Asagrae'a offlcinaTis 
(after Dr. Asa Gray). Schcenocaulon officinale; source 
of veratria. 
Asapes, ah'sap-es (a, sepo, to corrupt). Sputa or 
other matter evacuated, not in a state of decay. 
Asaphia, ah-saf'e-ah (same etymon). Defective 
articulation, usually from diseased or defective palate. 
Asarabacca, as-ar-ab-ak'kah. Asarum. A., broad- 
leaved, Asarum Canadense. 
Asarcia (ah-sark'e-ah) or Asark'ia (a, sarx, flesh). 
Want of flesh; emaciation. 
Asarcon, ah-sark'on (a, sarx, flesh). Devoid of flesh. 
Asarin, as'ar-in. Principle from Asarum Cana- 
dense. 
Asarites, as-ar-e'tes. Diuretic wine of which asarum 
was an ingredient. 
As'arol. Camphoraceous alcoholic matter from 
Asarum Canadense. 
Asarone, as'a-rone. Camphoraceous material from 
root of Asarum Europaeum and A. Canadense. 
As'arum Canaden'se. Canada Snake-root, Wild gin- 
ger, Coldfoot, B roadleaf asarabacca, Indian ginger, Heart 
snake-root. Used as a substitute for ginger; a warm 
stimulant and diaphoretic. A. cam'phor, asarone. 
A. Carolinia'num, A. Canadense. A. Europae'um, ord. 
Aristolochiaceae; the leaves are emetic, cathartic, and 
errhine. A. hypocistis, Cytinus hypocistis. A. offic- 
ina'le, Asarum Canadense. 
Asbestos (as-bes'tos) scall {asbestos, inveterate). See 
Eczema of hairy scalp. 
Asbolic, as-bol'ik (asbole, soot). Relating or apper- 
taining to soot, as asbolic or chimney-sweeper's can- 
cer. 
Asbolin, as'bo-lin. Bitter principle from soot. 
Ascamonia, as-kam-o'ne-ah. Scammony. 
Ascardamyctus, as-kard-am-ik'tus (a, skardamutto, 
to twinkle the eyes). One who stares with fixed 
eyes, without moving the eyelids. 
Ascari'asis. Ascaridiasis. 
Ascaricida (as-kar-is-e'dah) anthelmin'tica (ascaris, 
csedo, to kill). Veronia anthelmintica. 
107 
ASCITES 
Ascaricide, as-kar'is-ide. Agent destructive of as- 
carides. 
Ascaridiasis, as-kar-id-e'as-is (state of having). 
Ascarides as an intestinal parasite. Phtheiriasis. 
Ascaridocnesmus, as-kar-id-ok-nez'mus (ascaris, 
knesma, itching). Itching of anus or vicinity from 
ascarides. 
Ascaris (as'kar-is), pl. Ascarides, as-kar'id-ees (as- 
karizo, to leap). Genus of nematoid intestinal worms, 
characterized by long, cylindrical body, extenuated 
extremities, and mouth furnished with three tuber- 
cules. Formerly there were reckoned two varieties, 
A. lumbricoides or gigas hominis, Lumbricus, L. teres 
hominis, Scolex, or long round-worm; and A. vermi- 
cularis, Ascaris proper, thread-worm or maw-worm. 
The former is alone included under the genus, a 
new genus having been formed of A. vermicularis, 
under name Oxyuris ; it is Oxyuris or Fusaria vermi- 
cularis, or spring-worm. See Worms and Parasites. 
A. ala'ta, A. mystax; see Parasites. A. gi'gas hom/- 
inis, see Ascaris. A. lumbricoi'des, see Ascaris. A. 
my'stax, slender worm, like A. lumbricoides, but a 
smaller parasite. A. rena'lis, Strongylus gigas. A. 
trichu'ria, tricocephalus. A. vermicula'ris, Oxyuris 
vermicularis. A. viscera'lis, Strongylus gigas. 
Asceles, as'sel-es (a, skelos, leg). One who has no 
legs or very thin ones. 
Ascella, as-sel'lah. Axilla. 
Ascendens, as-sen'dens (ascendo, to ascend). Part 
that arises in a region lower than that in which it 
terminates. Aorta ascendens is aorta from origin to 
arch; Vena cava ascendens, large vein carrying blood 
from inferior parts to the heart. 
Ascending, as-send'ing. Passing from below upward. 
Ascendens. A. coTon, see Colon. A. cur'rent, current 
passing between positive pole on surface of the body 
and negative pole placed in the central or more ex- 
ternal region. A. degeneration, degeneration in 
spinal cord gradually extending upward to cerebral 
region. A. neuritis, inflammation of nerve travelling 
centripetally. A. paral'ysis, paralysis beginning at 
the feet and gradually extending to the cerebral ner- 
vous system. A. pro'cess, nasal process. A. ra'mus, 
portion of ramus of ischium between tuberosity and 
descending ramus of pubic bone. 
Ascen'sion. Upward movement, as to treatment 
by altitude; augmented intensity of disease; upward 
tendency or motion of an organ, as the uterus. 
Ascensional angle, as-sen'shun-al an'gl. Angle 
which measures rotation of the eye about its axis. 
Ascensus (as-sen'sus) mor'bi. Increase of disease. 
Ascesis, as'sa-sis. Exercise. 
Aschersonian (ash-er-so'ne-an) ves'icles. See Ves- 
icles, Aschersonian. 
Aschistodactylus, as-kis-to-dak'til-us («, schistos, 
cleft, daktulos, finger). Monster whose fingers are not 
separated from one another; Syndactylism. 
Ascia, as'se-ah. Axe. Bandage in shape of an axe. 
Ascilla, as-sil'lah. Axilla. 
Ascites, as-se'tes (askos, large belly). Dropsy of the 
lower belly, Dropsy of the peritoneum, Abdominal dropsy. 
Collection of serous fluid in the abdomen. Ascites 
proper is dropsy of the peritoneum, characterized by 
increased size of abdomen, fluctuation, and general 
signs of dropsy. It is rarely a primary disease, usually 
owing to obstructed circulation in some of the viscera 
or excitement of vessels of the abdominal organs. 
Treatment is essentially same as that of other dropsies. 
Paracentesis, when had recourse to, is usually pallia- 
tive. Dropsy may be saccated or in cysts, and occa- 
sionally fluid accumulates exterior to the peritoneum, 
Hy dr epigastrium. When in cysts it is termed Hydro- 
cystis, Hydrops abdominis saccatus or cysticus, and 
Ascites saccatus. A. adipo'sus, so called when dropsical 
fluid is white and oily. A. arthritTcus, A. from gout. 
A. chylo'sus, chylous dropsy, in which fluid is milky, 
probably from some abnormal communication with the 
lacteal vessels. A. cruen'tus, hemorrhage into the 
peritoneum. A. hepat'icus, dropsy from disease of 
liver. A. hep'ato-cystTcus, dropsy or turgescence of 
gall-bladder. A. inter'cus, dropsy between skin and ASCITIC 2 
peritoneum. A. intermuscula'ris, dropsy between 
muscles of the abdomen. A. oleo'sus, A. adiposus. A. 
ova'rii, dropsy of ovary. A., pas'sive, dropsy from 
organic disease of the viscera. A. purulen'tus, collec- 
tion of pus in peritoneum; pyoccelia. A. sacca'tus, 
encysted peritoneal dropsy; ovarian dropsy; see 
Ascites, Hydroarion, and Hydrops ovarii. A.. subcuta'- 
neus, dropsy of wall of abdomen. A. urlno'sus, es- 
cape of urine into cavity of peritoneum. A. uteri'- 
nus, hydrometra. 
Ascitic, as-sit'ik. Bela ting to, or affected with, 
ascites. 
Asclepiadae (as-kle-pe'ad-e) or Asklepi'adse. Priest- 
physicians who served in ancient temples of Aescula- 
pius, taking their name from being his descendants. 
Asclepiadin, as-kle-pe'ad-in. Emetic, purgative, 
expectorant principle from Cynanchum vincetoxicum. 
Asclepias, as-kla'pe-as. A. tuberosa.. A. al'ba, A. 
vincetoxicum. A. apo'cynum, A. Syriaca. A. asth- 
mat'ica, Tylophora asthmatica. A. cornu'ti, A. Syri- 
aca. A. cris'pa, Gomphocarpus crispus. A. Curas- 
sav'ica, Bastard ipecacuanha, Bedhead, Blood-weed. 
Juice is emeto-cathartic and antiperiodic; leaves are 
cathartic, emetic, and haemostatic; root is used in 
asthma. Indigenous in Mexico and S. America. A. 
decum'bens, root is escharotic, cathartic, sudorific, di- 
uretic. A., flesh'-colored, A. incarnata. A. gigante'a, 
mudar. A. incarna'ta, Flesh-colored or swamp ascle- 
pias or silk-weed, Swamp milk-weed. Root of this 
plant, growiug in all parts of the United States, has 
same virtues as A. Syriaca and A. tuberosa; rhizome 
is cathartic, emetic, and expectorant. A. obova'ta, 
A. Syriaca. A. proc'era, Beidelossar, Beidelsar. Egyp- 
tian plant, leaves of which, made into a plaster, are 
applied to indolent tumors; the milky juice is caustic. 
A. pseudosar'sa, Hemidesmus Indicus. A. pubes'- 
cens, A. Syriaca. A. pul'chra, A. incarnata. A. 
seto'sa, Mexican plant; tonic, antiperiodic, and dia- 
phoretic. A. Sullivan'tii, Smooth milkweed, Silkweed; 
indigenous; same virtues as A. tuberosa. A. Syrl'aca, 
Common silkweed, Milkweed; cortical part of root is 
given in powder in asthma and pulmonic affections. 
A. tomento'sa, A. Syriaca. A. tubero'sa, Asclepias 
(Ph. U. S.), Butterfly weed, Pleurisy root, Flux root, Wind 
root, Wind weed, White root, Orange swallow root, Silk- 
weed, Canada root, Orange apocynum, Tuberous-rooted 
swallow-wort; in Virginia and Carolinas root has long 
been used as a remedy in pneumonic affections. Su- 
dorific aud mild purgative; expectorant, diaphoretic, 
and febrifuge; given to relieve flatulency and indi- 
gestion. A. verticilla'ta, indigenous; anodyne and 
diaphoretic; decoction used for snake-bites; milky 
juice is violently purgative. A. vincetox'icum, Swal- 
low-wort, White swallow-wort; root of Vincetoxicum 
officinale and Cynanchum vincetoxicum; stimulant, 
diuretic, and emmenagogue. 
Asclepiasmus, as-kla-pe-az'mus. Hemorrhoids. 
Asclepin, as-kle'pin. Gummy substance from de- 
composition of asclepiadin, itself a glucoside from as- 
clepias and cynanchum. Diaphoretic, cathartic, and 
alterative. 
Asclepion (as-kla'pe-on) or Asclepiei'on. Temple 
of yEsculapius, used, in antiquity, as place of worship, 
and frequented by the sick for medical advice. Also 
white principle from juice of Asclepias cornuti. 
Ascococcus, as-ko-kok'kus (askos, bottle, kokkos, 
kernel or germ). Genus of schizomycetes, consisting 
of minute circular cells united by glairy intercellular 
substance. A. Billroth'!, found in putrefied meat. 
Ascoidium, as-ko-id'e-um (askos, pouch, eidos, shape). 
Genus of infusoria found in excreta and urine of 
typhoid-fever cases, drainage-water, etc. 
Ascoma, as-ko'mah (askos, bottle). Eminence of 
pubes in females at period of puberty; mons veneris. 
Ascomy'cetes. Family of fungi, including truffles, 
ergot of rye, etc. 
Ascoph'ora muce'do. Minute fungus, as in mould 
of bread. 
As'cos. Abdomen ; cavity or sac. 
As'cospore (askos, sac). Spore from a sac-shaped 
fungous cell. 
108 
ASPALASOMUS 
Ascyphous, ah'siph-us («, skuphos, cup). Without a 
head. 
Ascyrum crux andrese, as'sir-um cruks an'dre-e. 
Saint Andrew's cross; indigenous; discutient. 
A'se. Anxiety, satiety. 
Asebotoxin, ah-se-bo-toks'in. SeeAndromedajaponica. 
Aselgotripsia, as-el-go-trip'se-ah (aselges, lustful, 
tripsis, rubbing). Copulation between two females. 
Aselli, as-el'le (pl. of Asel'lus). Wood-lice or hog- 
lice, once considered stimulant and diuretic, and use- 
ful in jaundice. 
Aselline, as'el-leen (asellus, codfish). C25H32N4. 
Ptomaine from cod-liver oil. See Ptomaines (table). 
Asellus, as-el'lus (dim. of Asinus, an ass). Oniscus. 
Asema (ah-sa'mah) cri/sis (a, sema, a sign). Unex- 
pected crisis, ■without ordinary precursory signs. 
Asemasia, as-em-az'e-ah (a, sema, a sign) or Ase'mia. 
Inability to give or appreciate any sign of reflective 
power or to comprehend articulate language. A. ex- 
press'iva, A. of expression, as aphasia, agraphia, etc. 
A. graph'ica, inability to make or appreciate written 
characters. A. mim'ica, inability to make or appre- 
ciate gestures. A. percepti'va, A. of perception, as 
alexia. A. verba'lis, inability to speak or appreciate 
spoken language. 
Asepsis, ah-sep'sis (a, sepo, to corrupt). State of 
non-putrefaction; prevention of septic poisoning or 
its causes, such as pathogenic micro-organisms. See 
Antisepsis and Antiseptic. 
Aseptic, a-sep'tik. Eelating to asepsis: not putre- 
fying ; non-putrefactive. A. operation, operation in 
which all the rules of aseptic and antiseptic surgery 
are observed. A. sur'gery, surgical treatment that 
aims at exclusion from wounds of all septic material, 
micro-organisms, etc., the operative procedure being 
germ free. A. treat'ment, see Antiseptic. 
Asep'ticism. See Antiseptic. 
Aseptol, a-sep'tol. Light yellowish liquid, soluble, 
result of admixture of equivalent quantities of car- 
bolic acid and sulphuric acid; used as antiseptic. 
Asepton, ah-sep'ton (a, sepo, to corrupt). Asapes. 
Asexual, a-seks'u-al. Devoid of sexual organs or 
characteristics; term applied to reproduction without 
sexual intercourse. 
Asexualization, a-seks-u-al-i-za'shun. Rendering 
asexual, as operation of castration or spaying. 
Ash, Amer'ican. Fraxinus Americana. A., bit'- 
ter, Bittera febrifuga, quassia. A., blue, Fraxinus 
quadrangulata. A., moun'tain, Sorbus acuparia. 
A., m., Amer'ican, Sorbus Americana. A., prick'ly, 
Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylon clava Herculis. A., p., 
shrub'by, Xanthoxylon fraxineum. A., stink'ing, 
Ptelea trifoliata. A., tree, Fraxinus excelsior. A., 
white, Fraxinus Americana. 
Ashan'tee pep'per. African cubebs, W. African 
pepper, Guinea or African black pepper. Derived 
from Piper Clusii. 
Asialia, ah-se-al'e-ah. Deficiency or absence of saliva. 
Asialoch'ia. Asialia. 
Asialorrhoea, ah-se-al-or-rhe'ah (a, sialon, saliva, 
rheo, to flow). Diminution in flow of saliva. 
Asiatic (a-ze-at'ik) bal'sam. Balsamum Gilead- 
ense. A. chol'era, see Cholera. 
Asimina triloba, as-im'in-ah tril'o-bah. See Carica 
papaya. 
Asiminin, as-im'in-in. Alkaloid from Asimina tri- 
loba; anaesthetic. 
Asitia, ah-sish'e-ah (a, sitos, food). Abstinence from 
food; want of appetite; lack of food. 
Askeles, as'ke-les. Asceles. 
Askites, as-ke'tes. Ascites. 
Asklepiadae, as-kle-pe'ad-e. Asclepiadae. 
Asodes (as-o'des) or Assodes, as-so'des (use, disgust, 
satiety). Accompanied with anxiety and nausea, as 
Febris asodes, fever so characterized. 
Aspalasomus, as-pal-as-o'mus (aspalax, mole, soma, 
body). Monster with imperfect development of the 
eyes; also, malformation in which fissure and even- 
tration extend chiefly upon lower part of the abdo- 
men, the urinary apparatus, genitals, and rectum open- 
ing externally by three distinct orifices. See C'elosoma. ASPARAGINE 
Asparagin, as-par'a-jin. See Asparagus. A., bil'- 
iary, taurine. 
Asparagus, as-par'a-gus. Common asparagus, Spara- 
gus, Speragus, Sparagrass, Sparrowgrass, Grass, ord. As- 
phodeleae. Fresh roots are diuretic, perhaps owing to 
immediate crystallizable principle, asparagin ((xllg- 
N2O3), found in it as well as in marshmallow, licorice- 
root, lettuce, and several other plants; they are also 
sedative. Acted on by acids, aspartic acid or amido- 
succinic acid results. Extract of the roots is used as a 
sedative in heart affections. A. offlcina'lis, asparagus. 
Asparamide, as-par'am-ide. Asparagin. 
Aspartic acid, as-par'tic as'id. See Asparagus. 
Aspasia, as-paz'e-ah. Ball of wood soaked in in- 
fusion of galls, used for constringing the vagina. 
As'pen, Amer'ican. Populus tremuloides. A., Eu- 
rope'an, Populus tremula. 
Aspera arteria, as'per-ah ar-ta're-ah. Trachea. 
Aspergillus, as-per-jil'lus. Developmental form of 
fungus, found under different names in different parts 
of the body, as A. auricula'ris, in wax of human ear; 
A. fumiga'tus, A. nigrescens; A. glau'cus, in same 
locality and in lungs of animals; A. mucoroi'des, in 
gangrenous or tuberculous portions of the lungs; A. 
nigres'cens, in the ear and in mycoses of the lungs 
and in the nose. 
Asperitas (as-per'it-as) or Asperitudo, as-per-it-u'- 
do. Asperity; hoarseness; acidity. A. arte'rise as'- 
perse, hoarseness. A. cu'tis, roughness of skin from 
deficient secretion of sebaceous matter. 
Asperitudo, as-per-it-u'do. Trachoma, asperitas. 
Asperity, as-per'it-e. Inequality on surface of bone, 
serving for insertion of fibrous structures. 
Asperm'al. Aspermous. 
Asperma'sia or Aspermatia, ah-spur-mah'she-ah. 
Aspermatism. 
Aspermatism, a-spurm'a-tism (a, sperma, sperm). 
Reflux of sperm from urethra into bladder during 
venereal orgasm; absence of, or inability to ejacu- 
late, seminal secretion. 
Asperm'atous. Aspermous. 
Aspermia, a-spur'me-ah. Aspermatism. 
Asperm'ous. Deficient in amount of semen. Af- 
fected with aspermatism. 
Aspersion, as-pur'shun (aspergo, to sprinkle). Act 
of sprinkling or pouring liquid guttatim over a wound, 
ulcer, etc.; cataplasm; fomentation. 
Asperula, as-per'u-lah (dim. of Asper, rough). Ga- 
lium aparine. A. odora'ta, sweet-scented wood-roof; 
diuretic, tonic, astringent. 
Asphalgesia, as-fal-ga'ze-ah. Tactile impression 
of a burn made by contact with metals; generally 
noticed in hypnotism. 
Asphaltites, as-fal-te'tes (same etymon as Asphal- 
tum). First lumbar vertebra. 
Asphaltum, as-fal'tum (asphalizo, to strengthen). 
Bitumen of Judsea, Jews' pitch. Black resinous material, 
sometimes found pure, formed of C., O., H., N. It en- 
ters into composition of certain ointments and plasters. 
Asphodelus, as-fod'al-us. Day lily, Daffodil. Bulbs 
of this Southern European plant (nat. ord. Liliaceae) 
contain a fecula with which bread has been made, 
and have been considered diuretic. Also used as an 
application in scabies. 
Asphyctic (as-fik'tik) or Asphyctous, as-fik'tus. 
Appertaining or relating to asphyxia; pulseless. 
Asphyxia, as-fiks'e-ah (a, sphuxis, pulse). Formerly 
suspension of circulation or syncope; pulselessness; 
suspended animation, produced by non-conversion 
of venous blood of the lungs into arterial, from inter- 
rupted respiration. Owing to supply of air being cut 
off, unchanged venous blood of the pulmonary artery 
passes into minute radicles of the pulmonary veins; 
but as the latter require arterial blood to excite them, 
more or less stagnation takes place in the pulmonary 
capillaries. Death occurs from this cause and from 
want of arterial blood, and not owing to venous blood 
being distributed through the system and poisoning 
it. Apparent death, death trance, is characterized by 
suspension or diminution of respiration and circu- 
lation to such degree as to be scarcely, or not at all, 
109 
ASPI DOSPER M ATI N E 
perceptible. Several varieties of asphyxia have been 
designated: 1. A. of the New-born, often dependent 
upon feeble condition of the infant, or on torpor of 
medulla oblongata not permitting respiration to be 
established. 2. A. by Inhalation of Gases, some of 
which cause death by producing spasmodic closure 
of the glottis; others, by want of oxygen. 3. A. from 
Mechanical Causes, as by strangulation, or hanging, or 
suffocation. 4. A. by Submersion, A. by drowning, 
death occurring in this way in consequence of the 
medium being unfit for respiration. See Submer- 
sion, Suffocation, and Resuscitation. 5. A. from Tor- 
por of Medulla Oblongata. 6. A., Cutaneous, condition 
resulting when animal, as rabbit, is shaved, and body 
coated over with varnish impenetrable to water and 
gases, death occurring from asphyxia; gangrene of 
the skin. For modes of resuscitation, see Resus- 
citation. A. al'gida, A. from exposure to cold. A. 
cataph'ora, A. with brief remissions. A., chol'era, 
Asiatic cholera. A., cuta'neous, see Asphyxia. A. 
flatulen'ta, apoplexia flatulenta. A., heat, sunstroke. 
A. idiopathlca, fatal syncope owing to relaxation of 
the heart; see Suffocation. A. immerso'rum, A. by sub- 
mersion. A. by inhala'tion of gases, see Asphyxia. 
A. lethar'gica, torpor with drowsiness. A. livlda, 
A. attended with cyanosis, vessels of skin being 
swollen with blood. A., lo'cal, see Gangrene. A. 
from mechanical causes, see Asphyxia. A. neona- 
to'rum or neophyto'rum, A. of the new-born. A. of 
new'-born, see Asphyxia. A. pallida, A. attended 
with pallor of surface of body. A. pestilen'ta, see 
Cholera. A., pestilential, see Cholera. A., solar, 
sunstroke. A. spinalis, A. from extravasation of 
blood into spinal canal. A. by submer'sion, see 
Asphyxia. A. suffocatio/nis, A. from suffocation. A. 
from tor'por of medulla, see Asphyxia. A. trau- 
matica, A. from injury. A. Valsalvia'na, syncope 
from heart affection. A. vi'gil, coma accompanied 
with delirium; see Coma vigil. 
Asphyxial (as-fiks'e-al) or Asphyxic, as-fiks'ik. Re- 
lating to asphyxia. 
Asphyxiants, as-fiks'e-ants. Producing asphyxia. 
A., toxic, substances which produce poisonous as- 
phyxial symptoms. 
Asphyxiated (as-fiks'e-a-ted) or Asphyxied, as- 
fiks'eed. In a condition of asphyxia. 
Asphyxy, as-fix'e. Asphyxia. 
As'pic. Lavandula spica. 
Aspiden, as'pid-en. Impure form of acid from male 
fern; filicic acid. 
Aspidiopsoriasis, as-pid-e-o-so-ri'as-is (aspidion, 
small shield). Psoriasis attended with shield-shaped 
scales. 
Aspidiscus, as-pid-is'kus (aspidion, small round 
shield). External sphincter ani. 
Aspidium athamanticum, as-pid'e-um ath-am-an'- 
tik-um (aspidion, small shield). South African fern, 
ord. Filices; anthelmintic; used in powder, infusion, 
or electuary, especially in tape-worm. A. coria'ceum, 
Calagualae radix. A. depas'tum, Polypodium filix 
mas. A. dis'color, see Calagualae radix. A. ero'sum, 
Polypodium filix mas. A. ferrugin'eum, see Cala- 
gualae radix. A. filix foemlna, Asplenium filix foem- 
ina. A. filix mas, Polypodium filix mas. A. mar- 
ginale, marginal shield-fern; rhizome has properties 
of A. filix mas. A. rigldum, species of A. growing 
near Pacific coast of U. S., used in tape-worm. 
Aspidol, as'pid-ol. C20H34O. Material derived from 
Aspidium filix mas, having same reactions as cho- 
lesterin. 
Aspidosamine, as-pid-oz'am-een. Emetic alkaloid 
(C22H28N2O2) derived from quebracho bark. 
Aspidosperma quebracho, as-pid-o-spur'mah que- 
brak'o. Evergreen tree growing in S. America, from 
which quebracho bark is obtained. The latter is used 
in diseases accompanied with dyspnoea, as emphy- 
sema, pleuritis, phthisis, etc., in doses of half a 
drachm; also tonic. 
Aspidospermatine, as-pid-o-spur'mat-een. Alkaloid 
from quebracho, isomeric with aspidospermine; anti- 
pyretic. ASPIDOSPERMINE 
Aspldospermine, as-pid-o-spuPmeen. C22H30N2O2. 
Weak alkaloid, from quebracho, used in asthma, em- 
physema, etc. Citrate, hydrochlorate, and sulphate 
are used. 
Aspilia latifolia, as-pil'e-ah lat-e-fo'le-ah. Hemor- 
rhage plant; grows in Africa; used as astringent in 
hemorrhage. 
Aspiration, as-pir-a'shun (aspiro, to breathe). In- 
spiration ; act of attracting or sucking; suction, as in 
cataract extraction; employment of aspirator; imbibi- 
tion ; pronunciation of vowel with full breath. See 
Derivation. A., pneu'matic, see Aspirator. A.,trache'- 
al, syringe to be placed over tracheotomy-tube to re- 
move mucus, etc. 
Aspirator, as'pir-a-tor. Pneumatic aspirator; ex- 
plorative instrument for evacuation of fluid contents 
of tumors, effusions, collections of blood, pus, etc. 
Asplenium (as-ple'ne-um) or Asplenum, as-ple'num 
(splen, spleen). Spleenwort, Miltwaste. A. adian'tum 
ni'grum, black maidenhair ; rhizome is diuretic. A. 
arbo'reum, species of Jamaica and S. America; an- 
thelmintic and expectorant. A. au'reum, A. cete- 
rach. A. cet'erach, demulcent, anodyne; used in 
dropsy, asthma, and calculous affections. A. escu- 
len'tum, species growing in India, China, etc.; anti- 
periodic, expectorant, laxative. A. falca'tum, spe- 
cies growing in Australia, India, etc.; rhizome is 
astringent in dysentery, etc.; herb is laxative. A. 
fi'lix fcem'ina, Female fern, Spleenwort; root resem- 
bles that of male fern, and possesses similar anthel- 
mintic virtues. A. hir'tum, species growing in S. 
Sea islands, Java, Borneo, etc.; vermifuge and ex- 
pectorant. A. latifo'lium, A. ceterach. A. mura'le, 
A. ruta. A. obtu'sum, A. ruta muraria. A. ra'ta 
mura'ria, Wallrue, White maidenhair, Tentwort; used 
in same cases as A. filix fcemina. A. scolopen'drium, 
Hart's tongue, Spleenwort, properties like A. filix 
foemina; see Calcifraga. A. serra'tum, of W. Indies 
and S. America; used in hepatic affections and diar- 
rhoea. A. trichom'anes or trichomanoi'des, Common 
maidenhair, Dwarf spleenwort; properties like the last. 
Asplenum, as-ple'num. Asplenium; A. ceterach. 
Aspredo, as-pra'do (asper, rough). Trachoma, urti- 
caria. A. milia'cea, miliary fever. 
Aspritudo, as-pre-tu'do (asper, rough). Trachoma. 
Assa, as'sah (assus, dry). Tamarind; sun-bath; 
sudatorium; dry nurse. 
Assacou, as-sa-koo. Hura Brasiliensis. 
Assafetida or Assafcetida, as-sa-fet'id-ah. Asacetida. 
Assala, as-sal'ah. Nutmeg. 
Assatio, as-sah'she-o (asso, to broil). Preparation 
of food or medicines in their own juice. 
Assay, as-sa'. To analyze any substance, particu- 
larly to ascertain proportion of constituents. Process 
is called As'say. 
Assella, as-sel'lah. Axilla. 
Asser, as'sur. Splint. 
Asserac, as'se-rak. Preparation of opium or other 
narcotic, used by the Turks. 
Asserculum, as-serk'u-lum (dim. of Asser, board). 
Splint. 
Asses' milk. See Milk. 
Asses'trix (assideo, to sit by). Midwife. 
Assidens, as'sid-ens (as, sedeo, to be seated). An ac- 
companying, concomitant, or accessory symptom. 
Assimilable, as-sim'il-a-bl (as, similis, like, habilis, 
able). Susceptible of assimilation. 
Assimilate, as-sim'i-late. To effect assimilation. 
Assimilating (as-sim'il-a-ting) or Assimilatory, 
as-sim'il-a-to-re. Effecting assimilation. 
Assimilation, as-sim-il-a'shun. Act by which 
living bodies appropriate and transform into their 
own substance matters which may be placed in con- 
tact with it. The reverse action-separating and 
eliminating matters already assimilated in the act 
of nutrition-is termed Destructive assimilation. A., 
pri'mary, act by which food, after being converted 
into chyle, is taken up by the blood. A., secondary, 
change following primary assimilation occurring in 
the capillaries. 
As'sis. Asserac, opium. 
110 
ASTHENOPIA 
Asso'ciated move'ments. Movements, as in a par- 
alyzed part when corresponding unaffected part is 
moved. See Instinctive. A., paral'ysis, paralysis of 
associated muscles. 
Associative fascic'uli. Cerebral fibres-fibres of 
association-bringing into association cortical areas of 
same side of brain. 
Assodes, as-so'des. Accompanied with anxiety and 
nausea, as Febris assodes, fever accompanied with such 
symptoms. 
Assuetude, as'swe-tewd (as, suesco, to accustom to 
anything). Habit, tolerance. 
Assula, as'su-lah (dim. of Assis, board). Splint. 
Assultus, as-sul'tus (assilio, to leap upon). Attack. 
Assumption, as-sum'shun (as and sumo, to take). 
Prehension. Appropriation of oxygen or nutritive 
material by the blood. 
As'surin. Substance in tissue of brain; properties 
not definitely known. 
Astacolith, as-tak'o-lith (astakos, lobster, lithos, 
stone). Crab's eye. Concretion in stomach of craw- 
fish having that appearance; used for gout, acid con- 
ditions, and hemorrhage. 
Astakillos, as-tak-il'los. Malignant gangrenous 
ulcer of the legs. 
Astasia, as-tah'ze-ah (a, histemi, to fix). Dissatis- 
faction; restlessness; tremor; suffering; indisposition. 
A. aba'sia, difficulty in standing and walking, with- 
out association with motor paralysis or disordered 
sensibility; a form of hysteria devoid of organic lesion. 
Astatic, a-stat'ik. Restless; not restrained as to 
movement, as astatic magnetic needle. 
Asteatodes, ah-sta-at-o'des (a, stear, suet). Having 
sebaceous secretion of the skin absent or defective. 
Asteatosis, ah-sta-at-o'sis (a, stear, suet). Deficiency 
or absence of fat or sebaceous secretion. Asteatoses are 
diseases characterized by such absence or deficiency. 
Aster (aster, a star). Dividing nucleus in which 
fibrils are arranged in open loops and around a com- 
mon centre, radiated like a star. See Karyokinesis. A. 
amellus, am-el'lus, grows in Europe and Asia; used in 
bubo and hernia. A. at'ticus, bubonium. A. cordi- 
fo'lius, Heart-leaved aster, A. puniceus, Rough-stemmed 
aster, and other indigenous species, ord. Composite, pos- 
sess aromatic properties; antispasmodic, diaphoretic, 
and nervine. A. dysenter'icus, Inula dysenterica. A., 
heart-leaved, A. cordifolius. A. hele'nium, Inula 
helenium. A. inguina'lis, Eryngium campestre. A. 
officina'iis, Inula helenium. A. punic'eus, see A. 
cordifolius. A. tortifo'lius, Sericocarpus tortifolius. 
A. undula'tus, Inula dysenterica. 
Asteracantha (as-ter-ak-an'thah) longifo'lia. Hy- 
graphila spinosa. 
Asterias lutea, as-ta're-as lu'te-ah. Gentiana lutea. 
Asterion, as-te're-on. Point of junction of lamb- 
doid, parieto-mastoid, and occipito-mastoid suture in 
skull; used in craniometry. 
Asternal, a-stur'nal. Not connected with sternum. 
Asternia, ah-stur'ne-ah (a, sternon, sternum). Mon- 
strosity in which there is absence of sternum. 
Asterocephalus succisa, as-te-ro-sef'al-us suk-se'- 
zah (aster, a star, kephale, head). Scabiosa succisa. 
Asthene'ma. Asthenia. 
Asthenes, as'then-es. Infirm. 
Asthenia, as-then-e'ah (a, sthenos, strength). Want 
of strength, debility; infirmity. A. deglutitio'nis, 
paralysis of the pharynx. A. dolorif'ica, angina 
pectoris. A. infan'tum, marasmus. A. mus'cular, 
weakness of muscular movements; paralysis; con- 
traction : wry-neck. A., ner'vous, neurasthenia. A. 
pectora'lis, angina pectoris. 
Asthenic, as-then'ik. Relating or belonging to 
asthenia; weak, feeble, as asthenic diseases. 
Asthenicopyra (as-then-ik-op'ir-ah) or Asthenico- 
pyretus, as-then-ik-o-pir'et-us (asthenes, weak, pur, 
fever). Fever, adynamic. 
Asthenopia, as-then-o'pe-ah (asthenes, weak, ops, 
eye). Weakness of sight; weak-sightedness with 
fatigue, strain, indistinctness, dread of light, etc. 
True or accommodative a. is observed in hyperme- 
tropia and astigmatism, and is curable by convex ASTHENOPYRA 
glasses. Apparent a. occurs in myopia, and occasion- 
ally in hypereemia of optic disk and retina. Binocular 
or muscular a., sometimes mistaken for accommoda- 
tive asthenopia, may arise from weakness or insuffi- 
ciency of the internal recti muscles or of the ciliary 
muscles. Nervous a. may be produced by some affec- 
tion of the nervous centres; it may be dependent on 
an over-sensitive and irritable retina, retinal a. A., 
true, accommodative asthenopia. 
Asthenopyra (as-then-op'ir-ah) or Asthenopyretus, 
as-theu-o-pir'et-us (asthenes, weak, pur, fever). Ady- 
namic fever, typhus. 
Asthma, asth'mah (laborious breathing). Broken- 
windedness, Nervous asthma. Great difficulty of breath- 
ing, recurring at intervals, accompanied with wheez- 
ing sound and sense of constriction in the chest; 
cough ..and expectoration; chronic disease, not read- 
ily curable. It is frequently hereditary. In some 
cases respiration is universally puerile during the 
attack. In spasmodic form respiratory murmur is 
very feeble or absent, and in all forms percussion 
elicits clear pulmonary sound. The disease generally 
consists in some source of irritation, occasionally, per- 
haps, in paralysis of the pneumogastric nerves, Bron- 
cho-paralysis, Paralysis nervi vagi in parte thoracica, more 
frequently the former, the phenomena all indicating 
constriction of smaller bronchial ramifications. Treat- 
ment is one that relieves spasmodic action-anes- 
thetics, narcotics, counter-irritants, change of air, etc. 
A. acu'tum of Mil'lar, spasm of glottis, laryngismus 
stridulus. A. aer'ium, pneumothorax. A. aijr'ium 
ab emphysem'ate pulmo'num, emphysema of the 
lungs. A. arthrit'icum, angina pectoris. A. bilio'- 
sum, A. due to dyspepsia. A., bron'chial, asthma. 
A., bronchit'ic, catarrhal or humid a. A., car'diac, 
dyspnoea dependent upon disease of heart. A., catar'- 
rhal, A. with augmented secretion from bronchial 
tubes; A., humid. A., cen'tral, A. from lesion of 
central nervous system. A., convul'sive, dry a.; 
spasm of glottis, angina pectoris. A. crystals, color- 
less crystalline bodies said to be found in sputa of 
asthmatic patients. A. cultrario'rum, asthma, grind- 
er's. A. diaphragmat'icum or dolorif'lcum, angina 
pectoris. A., dyspep'tic, A. dependent upon irrita- 
tion of the stomach. A. emphysem'atous, pneumo- 
thorax. A. fullo'rum, weaver's asthma. A., grind'- 
er's, grinder's disease or rot; aggregate of functional 
phenomena, induced by inhalation of particles thrown 
off during operation of grinding metallic instruments, 
etc.; structural changes are enlargement of bronchial 
tubes, expansion of pulmonary tissue, and phthisis. 
A. gyp'seum, A. pulverulentum. A., hay, see Fever, 
hay. A., Heb'erden's, angina pectoris. A. herpet'- 
icum, asthma associated with herpes. A., hu'mid or 
hu'moral, Common or Spitting asthma, is when the 
disease is accompanied with expectoration; pulmo- 
nary oedema. A. infan'tum, cynanche trachealis. A. 
infan'tum spasmod'icum, A. thymicum. A., inter- 
mittent, of chil'dren, A. thymicum. A., intrinsic, 
A. due to irritation of lungs. A., Kop'pian, A. thym- 
icum. A., larynge'al, laryngismus stridulus. A. 
larynge'um infan'tum, A. thymicum. A., mar'iner's, 
beriberi. A. metallario'rum, miner's asthma. A. 
Mil'lari acu'tum, A. acutum. A., mi'ner's, miner's 
asthma. A., moist, A., humid; A. with purulent ex- 
pectoration. A. monta'num, A. pulverulentum. A. 
nephrit'icum, A. associated with Bright's disease. 
A., ner'vous, asthma. A. noctur'num, incubus. A., 
organ'ic, A., cardiac. A., pitu'itous, A., catarrhal or 
humid. A., pneumobul'bar, A. from irritation of 
pneumogastricnerve. A., pot'ter's, see Pneumokoniosis. 
A. pulverulen'tum, variety to which millers, bakers, 
and grinders are subject. A., re'nal, uraemic a. A. 
seni'le or senio'rum, A. of old persons. A. sic'cum. 
Paroxysm is sudden, violent, and of short dura- 
tion ; cough slight and expectoration scanty, with spas- 
modic constriction. A. spasmod'icum or spas'ticum, 
convulsive a. A. spas'tico-arthrit'icum incon'stans, 
angina pectoris. A. spas'ticum Infan'tum, A. thym- 
icum. A., spit'ting, A., moist. A. syncop'ticum, 
angina pectoris. A. thy'micum, Laryngeal asthma, 
111 
ASTRAGALUS 
Stridulous or spasmodic laryngitis, Suffocative or internal 
convulsion, Intermittent asthma of children, Crowing in- 
spiration, Vocal asynergy, Spasmodic, nervous, or hyster- 
ical cough, Laryngeal chorea or vertigo, Koppian asthma, 
Thymic asthma, Laryngismus stridulus, Spasm of the 
larynx or glottis, Croup-like inspiration of infants, Child- 
crowing, Spasmodic croup, Pseudo-croup, Spurious or cere- 
bral croup, Phrenoglottism, Suffocating nervous catarrh. 
Disease of infants, characterized by suspension of res- 
piration at intervals; great difficulty of breathing, 
with crowing inspiration, especially on waking, swal- 
lowing, or crying; ending often in fit of suffocation 
with convulsions. These symptoms are often accom- 
panied by rigidity of fingers and toes; thumb being 
frequently drawn forcibly into palm of clenched hand, 
whence name Carpo-pedal spasm, so called by Kopp. 
A. typ'icum, asthma characterized by periodicity. 
A., urae'mic, difficulty of breathing accompanying 
Bright's disease. A. u'teri, hysteria. A. weed, Lobelia 
inflata. 
Asthmatic, asth-mat'ik. Broken-windcd; affected 
with asthma; relating to asthma. A. drop'sy, beri- 
beri. 
Asthmatophthisis, asth-mat-o-te'sis. Phthisis with 
asthma. 
Asthmatorthopnoea (asth-mat-or-thop-ne'ah) or 
Asthmorthopncea, asth-mor-thop-ne'ah. Orthopnoea 
due to asthma. 
Astigmatic, a-stig-mat'ik (a, stigma, point). Affected 
with or relating to astigmatism. A. lens is one used 
for ascertaining amount of astigmatism. 
Astigmatism, a-stig'ma-tizm (a, stigma, point). State 
of irregular refraction in the eye, in which rays are 
not brought to one focus, but converge at different 
distances. It may be remedied by use of cylindrical 
glasses, directions for which, as well as descriptions 
of ophthalmoscopic appearances, etc., may be found 
in works on the eye. Regular astigmatism is a term 
applied to involvement of the whole cornea; irregular 
a., when only portion of cornea is affected. Various 
forms are described: abnormal irregular a., in which 
there is defective curvature of cornea or abnormal 
structure or location of the lens; normal irregular a., 
due to changes in structure and density of lens, with 
polyopia; acquired a., due to flattened cornea or dis- 
placement of lens; corneal a., where cause exists in 
cornea; hypermetropic a., in which there is hyperme- 
tropia in the two chief meridians, with additional 
degree of hypermetropia in one of them; compound 
h. a., or a. with emmetropia in one of these meridians 
and hypermetropia in the other, simple h. a.; myopic 
a., with emmetropia in one of these meridians and 
myopia in the other; simple myopic a., or myopia in 
both such meridians, with additional degree of my- 
opia in one of them, compound myopic a.; lenticular 
a., in which cause exists in the lens; mixed a., having 
myopia in one meridian and hypermetropia in the 
other; regular a., due to corneal curvature, and hav- 
ing different focal distance of the two meridians. 
Astigmatoscope, a-stig-mat'o-skope (a, stigma, point, 
skopeo, to see). Instrument for discovering amount of 
reflection from the cornea. 
Astigmometer, a-stig-mom'e-tur. Instrument for 
determining degree of astigmatism through difference 
in refraction between meridians of the cornea. 
Ast'ley Coop'er's her'nia. Crural hernia with 
multilobar sac. 
Astomia, as-to'me-ah (a, stoma, mouth). Absence 
of mouth. Animal so affected is As'tomous or Aston! - 
atous. 
Astrag'alo-calca'neal. Relating to astragalus and 
calcaneum, as A.-c. articulation and A.-c. ligaments. 
Astragaloid, as-trag'al-oid (astragalus, eidos, form). 
Resembling the astragalus. 
Astragaloi'des syphilitica. Astragalus exscapus. 
Astragalo-scaphoid, as-trag'a-lo-scaf'oid. Relating 
to astragalus and scaphoid, as A.-s. articulation. 
Astragalotomy, as-trag-al-ot'o-me (tome, cutting). 
Excision of the astragalus. 
Astrag'alus. Short bone situated at the superior 
and middle part of the tarsus, where it is articulated ASTRANTIA 
with the tibia ; huckle-bone, sling-bone, or first bone 
of foot; atlas or first vertebra of neck. Ancient meas- 
ure used by medical men. A. adscen'dens, species 
growing in Persia, from which tragacanth is obtained. 
A. brachyca'lyx, also source of tragacanth. A. Cre'- 
ticus, species from Crete and Greece yielding traga- 
canth. A. ex'scapus, Stemless milkvetch. Nat. ord. 
Leguminosse. Diuretic, diaphoretic, antisyphilitic. 
A. glycyphyl'lus, herb of Europe and Asia; leaves 
are aperient and used in retention of urine, stran- 
gury, etc. A. gum'mifer, from Persia, is also a source 
of tragacanth. A. mollis'simus, locoweed, plant of 
W. United States, of toxicological interest only; ac- 
tive principle is narcotic, powerful sialagogue, and 
tetanic. A. pote'rium grows in Granada; root is 
tonic and nervine. A. tragacan'thus, see Tragacan- 
tha. A. ve'rus, Goatshorn, Milkvetch. Plant afford- 
ing gum tragacanth; see Tragacantha. Tragacanth 
is also credited to other species of Astragalus, such 
as A. parnassii, etc. 
Astrantia, as-tran'she-ah. Imperatoria. A. dia- 
pen'sia, sanicula. A. ma'jor, Black sanicle, B. mas- 
terwort, of Central Europe; rhizome is purgative. 
Astrapaphobia, as-trap-ah-fo'be-ah (astrape, light- 
ning, phobos, fear). Morbid dread of lightning, with 
nausea, vomiting, etc. 
Astriction, as-trik'shun (astringo, to constringe). 
Action of astringents; constriction; tightness of a 
bandage. Constipation. 
Astrictoria, as-trik-to're-ah. Astringents. 
Astringent principle, as-trin'jent prin'se-pl. Veg- 
etable principle existing in bark of numerous plants 
possessing constringing properties. A. root, Compto- 
nia asplenifolia. 
Astringents, as-trin'jents (same etymon as Astric- 
tion). Medicines which constringe organic textures 
and diminish secretion from mucous membranes, 
check hemorrhage, etc. They act locally on the 
part to which they are applied, or remotely on in- 
ternal organs after absorption into the blood. The 
following list includes all the important astringents 
(Brunton): 
Acids. Gallic acid. 
Alcohol. Tannic acid. 
Alum. Vegetable substances con- 
Chalk and lime. taining gallic and tan- 
Salts of the heavier met- nic acids: 
als: Catechu. 
Bismuth salts. Galls. 
Cadmium sulphate. Kino. 
Copper sulphate. Oak-bark. 
Ferric chloride. Uva ursi. 
Lead acetate. Arbutin. . 
Silver nitrate. 
Zinc sulphate. 
Astringents which arrest hemorrhage from surfaces 
or vessels are called styptics. They do this by caus- 
ing rapid formation of a clot or by contracting the 
vessels. The chief styptics are: 
112 
ATAXIA 
of divining by inspecting the stars, Astromantia; for- 
merly considered part of medicine. 
Astromantia, as-tro-man-te'ah. Astrology. 
Astroneum graveolens, as-tro'ne-um grav-e'o-lens. 
Species of New Granada, having astringent fruit. 
Astruthium, as-trew'the-um. Imperatoria. 
Astuchium, as-tu'ke-um. Part of inferior cornu of 
lateral ventricle of brain. 
Asturian rose, as-tu're-an rose. Endemic cutaneous 
affection of Asturia. 
Astylis, as-til'is. Variety of lettuce; antaphrodisiac. 
Astyphia (ah-stif'e-ah) or Astysia, ah-stis-e-ah (a, 
stuo, to make erect). Impotence; want of erectile 
power. 
Asulci, ah-sul'se. Lapis lazuli. 
Asyllabia, ah-sil-lab'e-ah. Want of power to ex- 
press words syllabi cally. 
Asylum, as-i'lum. Usually place of refuge, care, 
or treatment for those affected with diseases of organs 
of sense or of the senses. A. ear, morbid condition 
of external ear sometimes noticed in patients of 
asylums for the insane. See Heematoma auris. 
Asymbolia, ah-sim-bol'e-ah (a, sumballo, to connect). 
Aphasia. Want of ability to express one's self by 
signs. 
Asymmetrical, a-sim-met'ri-cal. Not symmetrical. 
Asymmetry, (a, sum, together, met r on, measure). 
Absence of usual similarity in appearance, shape, etc. 
of surfaces or organs characterizing opposite sides of 
the body. A., merid'ional, regular astigmatism. 
Asynclitism, ah-sin'klit-izm (a, sun, together, klitos, 
inclined). Want of parallelism of planes of foetal 
head to those of pelvis. 
Asynechia, ah-sin-ek'e-ah (sunecheia, connection). 
Absence of continuity. 
Asynergy, a-sin'er-je (a, sun, together, ergon, work). 
Want of correlation between organs. A., locomo'tor 
progressive, progressive locomotor ataxy. A., ver'- 
bal, aphasia. A., vo'cal, asthma thymicum ; want of 
co-ordination of laryngeal muscles, as in chorea. 
Asynesia, ah-sin-a'ze-ah (a, suniemi, to compre- 
hend). Dementia. 
Asynodia, ah-sin-od'e-ah (a, sunodia, copulation). 
Impotence; suspension of or lack of sexual inter- 
course. 
Asynovia, ah-sin-o've-ah. Deficiency or lack of 
synovial fluid. 
Asyntrophy, ah-sin'tro-fe (a, sun, together, trophe, 
nourishment). Absence of symmetrical nourishment 
or growth. 
Asystolia (ah-sis-tol'e-ah) or Asystole, ah-sis'tol-e 
(sustole, systole). Incomplete systole or ventricular 
contraction, so that the ventricles are not freed of 
blood; met with in degeneration of cardiac muscles. 
Asystolic, a-sis-tol'ik. Eelating to asystolia or in- 
complete systole. 
Asystolism, a-sis'to-lism. Asystolia. 
At, in composition, same as Ad. 
Atactic, a-tak'tik (a, taxis, order). Erratic, irregu- 
lar, ataxic. A. apoph'yses, term given to minute 
ramifications of veins. 
Atactically aphasic, at-ak'te-kal-le af-a'zik. One 
who can recall the proper name for words, but who 
cannot arrange them in any other way. 
Atalantia monophylla, at-a-lan'te-a mon-o-fil'lah. 
Malabar shrub, bark of which is bitter and antispas- 
modic, and oil is used as external application in rheu- 
matism and paralysis. 
Ataraxia, ah-tar-aks'e-ah (ataraxia, peace of mind). 
Moral tranquillity; devoid of emotion. 
Atavism, at'a-vizm (atavus, ancestor, forefather). 
Case in which anomaly or disease in a family is lost 
in one generation, reappearing in a following. Tend- 
ency in offspring of living beings to inherit characters 
of their progenitors. 
Ataxaphasia, ah-taks-af-az'e-ah. An ataxic or dis- 
ordered condition of aphasia, as shown in inability to 
speak sentences correctly. 
Ataxia, ah-taks'e-ah (a, taxis, order). Ataxy; dis- 
order, irregularity, as of pulse; disorder of nervous 
system, especially that form characterizing nervous 
Acids. Collodion. 
Actual cautery. Matico. 
Alum. Spider's web. 
Ferric chloride. Cold (ice). 
Gallic acid. Digitalis. 
Tannic acid. Ergot. 
Lead acetate. 
Acting me- 
chanically. 
By contracting 
the small 
vessels. 
Astrios, as'tre-os. Acteria gemma. 
Astrion (as'tre-on) or Astrls, as'tris. Astragalus. 
As'tro (astron, star). In composition, star. 
Astrobles, as'tro-bles (astro, ballo, to strike). One 
struck by the stars, sider atus; that is, in an apoplectic 
state. 
Astrobolesia (as-tro-bol-ah-ze'ah) or Astrobolia, as- 
tro-bol'e-ah. Apoplexy. 
Astrobolism, as-trob'o-lizm. Apoplexy. Sunstroke. 
Gangrene. 
Astrobolus (as-trob'o-lus) or Astroitis, as-tro-e'tis 
(aster, star). Asteria gemma. 
Astrology, as-trol'o-je (astro, logos, discourse). Art ATAXIC 
fevers and nervous condition; want of co-ordina- 
tion of muscular movements. A., abort'ive locomo'- 
tor, neuralgic form of affection, severe and long- 
continued pains being the chief characteristic. A., 
alcohol'ic, form met with in alcohol-drinkers, due 
to neuritis. A., bul'bar, locomotor a., from disease or 
injury of pons Varolii or medulla oblongata. A., cere- 
bellar, staggering form of a., from lesion of cerebel- 
lum, as A., cer'ebral, is due to lesion of cerebrum. A., 
choreic, want of muscular co-ordination, seen in cho- 
rea. A., drunk'ard's, A., alcoholic. A., family, or 
A., Fried'rich's, or A., generic, sometimes called he- 
reditary a. or Friedrich's disease; incurable; disease 
resembling locomotor a., occurring in families of chil- 
dren, in which there is a. of the limbs and want of 
control of musles regulating speech; ending is paral- 
ysis or atrophy. A., hereditary, A., family. A., lo- 
como'tor or progressive locomo'tor or moto'rial, 
Posterior spinal sclerosis, Tabes dorsalis, Tabes or con- 
sumption of spinal cord, Duchenne's paralysis or disease, 
Cerebral paraplegia, Progressive locomotor asynergy, Spi- 
nal atrophy. Chronic morbid condition described by 
Duchenne of Boulogne, prominent symptom of which 
is loss of power to co-ordinate voluntary movements, 
with lightning-like pains in the back and along the 
nerves to the lower extremities. Tendon reflexes are 
lessened or obliterated, and disturbances and irregu- 
larities of sensory manifestations occur. Inflamma- 
tion or sclerosis of the posterior root-zones of the spinal 
cord is the pathogenetic cause. A. men'suum or 
men'strual, vicarious irregularity of menses. A., 
mo'tor or molus, A., progressive locomotor. A., 
mus'cular, want of co-ordination of muscles. A., 
progressive locomo'tor, A., locomotor. A., spi'nal, 
A., locomotor. A. spir'ituum, nervous diathesis. 
Ataxic, a-taks'ik. Having characters of ataxia; 
affected with ataxy. A. paraple'gia, combination of 
paraplegia and ataxy, dependent on disease of spinal 
cord. 
Ataxo-adynamic (ah-taks'o-ad-in-am'ik) fe'ver. Fe- 
ver having ataxic and adynamic characteristics. 
Ataxophemia, ah-taks-o-fa'me-ah (ataxia, phemi, to 
speak). Inability to combine words properly in speak- 
ing ; want of co-ordination of speech. 
Ataxy, a'taks-e. Ataxia. A., hereditary, ataxia, 
family. A., locomo'tor or progres'sive locomo'- 
tor, ataxia, locomotor. 
Atecnia, ah-tek'ne-ah (a, teknon, a child). Sterility. 
Atelectasis, at-el-ek'tas-is (ateles, imperfect, ekta- 
sis, dilatation). Imperfect expansion or dilatation, as 
in A. pulmo'num, imperfect expansion of the lungs 
at birth. A similar condition is observed in lungs 
which have received air, dependent, in many in- 
stances, on catarrhal condition of bronchial tubes, 
and variously called pulmonary collapse or collapse 
of the lung, Collapsus pulmonis, Apneumatosis. 
Atelencephalia, at-el-en-sef-al'e-ah (atelo, kephale, 
head). Impefect development of cranium or its con- 
tents. 
Ateleopous, at-el-e'o-pus (atelo, pous, foot). Want- 
ing a foot, finger, or toe. 
Ateleplasia, at-el-a-plaz'e-ah (atelo, plasso, to form). 
Imperfect development. 
Atelia, at-el-e'ah (ateleia, imperfection). Monstros- 
ity in which there is want of some member. 
Atelo, at'el-o (ateles, imperfect). In composition, 
defective. 
Atelocardia, at-el-o-kar'de-ah (atelo, kardia, heart). 
Imperfect formation of heart. 
Atelocheil'ia (atelo, cheilos, lip), Malformation con- 
sisting in imperfect development of the lip. 
Ateloencephalia, at-el-o-en-sef-al'e-ah. Atelenceph- 
alia. 
Ateloglossia, at-el-o-glos'se-ah (atelo, glossa, tongue). 
Malformation consisting in imperfect development of 
the tongue. 
Atelognathia, at-el-o-nath'e-ah (atelo, gnathos, jaw). 
Malformation consisting in imperfect development of 
the jaw. 
Atelomyelia, at-el-o-me-el'e-ah (atelo, muelos, mar- 
row). Imperfect development of spinal marrow. 
113 
> ATHETOSIS 
Ateloprosopia, at-el-o-pros-o'pe-ah (atelo, prosopon, 
face). Malformation consisting in imperfect develop- 
ment of face. 
Atelorhachidia, at-el-o-rak-id'e-ah (atelo, rhachis, 
spine). Hydrorachis. 
Atelostomia, at-el-o-stom'e-ah (atelo, stoma, mouth). 
Imperfect development of the mouth. 
Ater succus, at'ursuk'kus (black juice). Atrabilis. 
Athamanta, ath-am-an'tah. A genus of plants. A. 
an'nua, A. Cretensis. A. aureoseli'num, Black moun- 
tain parsley, ord. Umbelliferae. Plant, seed, and roots 
are aromatic, deobstruent, and lithontriptic. Dis- 
tilled oil has been used in toothache. A. Creten'sis 
or Cre'tica, Candy carrot; seeds are acrid and aromatic, 
carminative, diuretic, and emmenagogue. A. Mace- 
don'ica, Bubon Macedonicum. A. me'um, ASthusa 
meum. A. oreoseli'num, black mountain parsley; 
aromatic purgative; from roots and seeds of this 
plant athamantin, bitter glucoside, is derived. 
Athamantin, ath-a-man'tin. See Athamanta oreose- 
linum. 
Athanasia, ath-an-az'e-ah (a, thanatos, death). 
Tansy. Also antidote for diseases of liver, jaundice, 
gravel, etc., consisting of saffron, cinnamon, laven- 
der, cassia, myrrh, honey, etc. 
Athara, ath-ar'ah. Athera. 
Athelasmus, ath-el-az'mus (a, thele, breast or nip- 
ple). Impracticability of giving suck. 
Atheles, ath-a'les (a, thele, nipple, breast). Without 
a breast; weaned; devoid of nipple; one that has not 
sucked or given suck. 
Athelia, ath-a'le-ah (a, thele, nipple). Absence of 
nipple. 
Athelus, ath-a'lus. Atheles. 
Athelxis, ath-elks'is (pressing out). Act of giving 
suck or squeezing out milk. 
Athera (ath-a'ra) or Athara, ath-ah'rah (other, ear 
of corn). Kind of pap for children; kind of lini- 
ment. 
Atherapeusia, ah-ther-ap-u'ze-ah (a, therapeusis, 
treatment). Absence of treatment; want of care of 
patient. 
Atherapeutus, ah-ther-ap-u'tus (a, therapeuo, to 
treat or cure). Incurable; not cared for, 
Atherma'sia or Athermosia, ah-ther-mo'ze-ah (a, 
thermasia, heat). Absence of heat. 
Athermosystaltic, ah-ther-mo-sis-tal'tik (a, therme, 
heat, sustaltikos, contractile). Not contracting under 
influence of heat or cold, as a muscle. 
Atheroma, ath-er-o'mah (athara, pap or pulp). Wen 
or sebaceous cyst; also condition of larger arteries of 
trunk and limbs and at base of the brain (arterial 
atheroma), in which there are yellowish patches cov- 
ered by normal endothelium, infiltration taking place 
at first between the laminae of the innermost coat of 
the vessel, followed by fibrous deposit, fatty degen- 
eration, and calcification, or perhaps softening. Lat- 
ter results in atheromatous abscess; or ulceration- 
atheromatous ulcer-may occur. 
Atheromasia, ath-er-o-ma'ze-ah. Change to ath- 
eroma. 
Atheromatous, ath-er-om'a-tus. Having nature of 
atheroma. A. ab'scess, see Atheroma. A. degen- 
eration, see Atheroma. A. pulp, bran-like pulp; the 
appearance presented by metamorphosis of products 
of fatty degeneration enclosed in a cavity whose walls 
are in a state of inflammatory irritation. A. ul'cer, 
see Atheroma. 
Atherosis, ath-er-o'sis. Atheromasia. 
Atherosperma moschata, ath-er-o-spur'mah mos- 
kat'ah. Australian sassafras. Bark is diaphoretic, 
diuretic, and sedative to the heart's action. 
Atherospermine, ath-er-o-spur'meen. Bitter alka- 
loid (C30H40N2O5) derived from Atherosperma mos- 
chata. 
Ath'etold. Relating to athetosis. A. move'ments 
or spasms, movements characteristic of athetosis. 
Athetosis, ath-e-to'sis (athetos, without fixed posi- 
tion). Hammond's disease. Affection characterized 
by inability to retain the fingers and toes in any posi- 
tion in which they are placed, and by their continual ATHLE17E 
motion, preceded by cerebral symptoms, impairment 
of intellect, epileptic attacks, etc. 
Athletee, atb-la'te (athlos, combat). Men who ex- 
ercised themselves in combats at public festivals; 
hence athletic, strong in muscular powers. 
Athoracoceph'alus,ah-thor-ak-o-sef'al-us (a, thorax, 
kephale, head). Acephalogaster. 
Athrepsia, ah-threp'se-ah (a, threpsis, nourishment). 
Parrot's disease, after its describer. Imperfect nutri- 
tion, of infants particularly, from faulty develop- 
ment, emaciation, vomiting, liquid passages, etc. 
Athrix, ah'thriks (a, thrix, hair). One who has lost 
his hair. A. dep'ilis, alopecia. 
Athroissemia, ah-throi-se'me-ah (athroizo, to gather 
together, haima, blood). Accumulation of blood, 
causing congestion. 
Athymia, ah-thym'e-ah (a, thumos, courage). De- 
spondency ; prostration of spirits; melancholy; 
groundless fear. A. pleonec'tlca, insanity with de- 
sire for money; see Pleonectica. 
Athyrion, ah-thir'e-on. Asplenium ceterach. 
Athyrium filix foemina, ah-thir'e-um fe'liks fem'- 
in-ah. Asplenium filix foemina. A. fi'lix mas, Poly- 
podium filix mas. A. mol'le, ova'tum, or trif'idum, 
Asplenium filix foemina. 
Atis, ah'tis. Boot of Aconitum heterophyllum. 
Tonic, antiperiodic. Alkaloid from it is called Ati- 
sine, O46H74N2O5. 
Atlantad, at-lant'ad. See Atlantal aspect. 
Atlantal, at-lant'al. Eelating to the atlas. A. as'- 
pect, aspect toward the region of the atlas. Atlantad 
signifies toward the atlantal aspect. A. extremities, 
upper limbs. 
Atlantico-basilaris internus, at-lan'ti-co-baz-e- 
lah'ris in-tur'nus. Muscle passing between atlas and 
basilar process of os occipitis. 
Atlan'tico-mastoi'deus. Muscle from atlas to 
mastoid process of temporal bone. 
Atlanti-obliquus, at-lan'te-ob-leek'wus. Obliquus 
superior capitis muscle. 
Atlantion, at-lant'e-on. Atlas. 
Atlanti-rectus, at-lan'te-rek'tus. Eectus capitis 
posticus minor muscle. 
Atlanto-axial (at-lan'to-aks'e-al) ot Ax'oid. Ee- 
lating to atlas and axis, as atlanto-axial articulation, 
atlanto-axial ligaments, etc. 
Atlanto-occipital, at-lan'to-ok-sip'it-al. Eelating to 
atlas and occipital bone, as A.-o. articulation. 
Atlanto-odontoid, at-lan'to-o-don'toid. Eelating to 
atlas and odontoid process of axis. 
At'las (a, evrph., tlao, to sustain). First cervical 
vertebra, supporting weight of the head, as Atlas is 
said to have supported the globe on his shoulders. 
By older anatomists, the last cervical vertebra. 
Atlo-axoid, at'lo-aks'oid. Atloido-axoid. 
Atlodymus (at-lod'im-us) or Atlodidymus, at-lo- 
did'im-us (atlas, didumos, twin). Monster single be- 
low and double above. One having single body, with 
twro distinct heads supported on one neck. 
Atloido, at-lo'id-o, in composition, Atlas. 
Atloido-axoid, at-lo'id-o-aks'oid. Eelating to atlas 
and axis, as A. articula'tion, articulation between 
first two cervical vertebrae; A. lig'aments, two in 
number, passing between those vertebrae. 
Atloido-mastoideus, at-lo'id-o-mas-to-i'de-us. Ob- 
liquus superior capitis muscle. 
Atloido-muscularis, at-lo'id-o-mus-ku-lar'is. Supe- 
rior branch of occipital artery. 
Atloido-occipital, at-lo'id-o-ok-sip'it-al. Eelating to 
atlas and occiput. A. mus'cle, rectus capitis posticus 
minor. 
Atloido-odontoid, at-lo'id-o-o-don'toid. Eelating to 
atlas and odontoid process. 
Atlo'ido-suboccipita'lis. Eectus capitis lateralis. 
Atmiatria (at-me-at-re'ah), Atmidiatria (at-mid-e- 
at-re'ah), or Atmidiat'ric (atmos, vapor, iatreia, treat- 
ment). Treatment by fumigation or inhalation. 
Atmia'try. See Atmiatria. 
Atmic, at'mik. Eelating to vapor. 
Atmidiatria, at-mid-e-at-re'ah. Admiatria. 
Atmidiatrics, at-mid-e-at'ricks. Admiatria. 
114 
ATRACHELOCEPHALUS 
Atmidom'eter. Atmometer. 
Atmistirion, at-mis-te're-on. Vaporarium. 
Atmograph, at'mo-graf (atmos, vapor, grapho, to de- 
scribe). Spirograph; instrument for marking respi- 
ratory movement, as sphygmograph does movements 
of the pulse; the process is called Atmog'raphy. 
Atmolutron, at-mo-lu'tron (atmos, vapor, loutron, 
bath). Vaporarium. 
Atmolysis, at-mol'is-is (atmos, lusis, separation. 
Analysis of gas, vapor, or atmospheric air. 
Atmometer (at-mom'e-tur, atmos, vapor, metron, 
measure) or Atmidometer, at-mid-om'e-tur. Appa- 
ratus for determining amount of humidity in the air. 
At'mos. Breath. 
Atmosphere, at'mos-feer (atmos, vapor, sphaira, 
sphere; sphere of vapors'). Spherical mass of air sur- 
rounding the earth in every part, height of which 
is estimated at 15 or 16 leagues; on the surface of 
the earth it sensibly affects organized bodies. See 
Air. A., compressed, Condensed atmosj)here or air. 
Air at a high elevation or compressed by a pneumatic 
apparatus; resorted to in various conditions of organic 
disease involving dyspnoea, as chronic bronchitis, em- 
physema, cardiac affections, etc. It increases amount 
of air entering the chest, the vital capacity, size of 
the chest, and force of respiration, and diminishes 
vascular supply to the lungs and increases arterial 
pressure. High altitudes have a similar effect. 
Atmospheric. Eelating to the atmosphere. 
Atmospherization, at-mos-fer-i-za'shun. Conversion 
of venous into arterial blood by introduction of oxygen. 
Atocia, ah-to'ke-ah (a, tokos, a child). Sterility. 
Medicines that check conception. 
Atocous (at'o-kus) or At'okous. Sterile; without 
children. 
Atom, ah'turn. Smallest division of an element, or 
smallest part capable of entering into chemical com- 
bination. A., compo'nent, atom which by uniting 
with another atom of different character forms a com- 
pound atom. A., com'pound, molecule. A. elemen'- 
tary, atom of an elementary body; primary atom. 
Atomic. Eelating to an atom, as A. weight, weight 
of atom of one substance compared with the weight 
of an atom of another, taken as a standard. Hydro- 
gen is usually accepted as such standard, its atomic 
weight being considered as 1; see Elements. A. heat, 
specific heat of atoms. A. the'ory, see Theory. 
Atomicity, at-um-is'it-e. Quantivalence. 
Atomization, at-um-i-za'shun. Act of reducing to 
minute particles, as of liquid into spray; pulverization. 
Atomized, at'um-ized. See Pulverisation. 
Atomizer, at' um - i - zur. That which reduces to 
atoms or minute particles; apparatus for producing 
and throwing jet of water in fine spray, for applica- 
tion of medicated liquids to the surface of the throat 
or other parts, for disinfection, etc. See Pulverisation. 
Atomy, at'o-me. Skeleton. 
Atonia, ah-ton'e-ah. Atony. A. nutriti'va, atro- 
phy. A. ventric'uli, debility of the stomach. 
Atonic, a-ton'ik. Wanting tone. Medicine capable 
of allaying organic excitement or irritation. 
Atony, at'o-ne (a, tonos, tone). Languor; want of 
tone; weakness of organs, particularly those that are 
contractile. A., nu'tritive, atrophy. 
Atopomenorrhce'a (atopos, out of place). Vicarious 
menstruation. 
Atoxic (a, toxicon, poison). Not poisonous. 
Atrabiliary (at-ra-bil'e-a-re) or Atrabilious, at-ra- 
bil'e-us (ater, black, bilis, bile). Melancholic and hy- 
pochondriac. A. ar'teries, cap'sules, and veins, 
suprarenal arteries, capsules, and veins; formation of 
black bile having been formerly attributed to them. 
Atrabilis, at - ra - be' lis. Black bile, Melancholy. 
Imaginary thick, black, acrid humor, secreted by 
the pancreas or suprarenal capsules, causing hypo- 
chondriasis, melancholy, and mania. 
Atrachelia, ah-trak-a'le-ah (a, trachelos, neck). De- 
ficiency or malformation of the neck. 
Atrachelocephalus, ah-trak-el-o-sef'a lus (a, trache- 
los, neck, kephale, head). Monster whose neck is par- 
tially or wholly deficient. ATRACHELOUS 
Atrachelous, ah-trak-e'lus (a, trachelos, neck). De- 
void of neck; short-necked. 
Atractenchyma, ah - trak - ten' kim - ah (atraktos, 
spindle, chuma, plastic material). Tissue made up of 
spindle-shaped cells. 
Atractylis gummifera, ah-trak'til-isgum-mif'er-ah. 
Gummy-rooted atractylis, Pine thistle, ord. Composite, 
from the Mediterranean. Root, when wounded, yields 
milky, viscid juice, concreting into tenacious masses, 
chewed for same purposes as mastich. A. lan'cea, 
species from Japan and China ; tea from root is tonic 
and stomachic. A. ova'ta, used in China and Japan 
as tonic, stimulant, diuretic, and diaphoretic. 
Atragene, at-rah-ja'na. Clematis vitalba. 
Atramental, at-ra-men'tal (atramentum, ink). Inky. 
Atramentum, at-ra-men'tum (ater, black). Ink 
made of galls and sulphate of iron; astringent, and 
used as external application in herpetic affections. A. 
suto'rium, ferri sulphas. 
Atremia, ah-tra'me-ah (immobility). Continuance 
in bed without sufficient sickness to warrant it. In- 
ability to walk, stand, or sit, without loss of voluntary 
motion or defective mental power. 
Atreselyt'ria (atretos, imperforate, elutron, vagina). 
Atresia of the vagina. 
Atresenteria, at-ra-sen-ta're-ah (atretos, imperforate, 
enteron, intestine). Imperforate condition existing in 
any part of the intestinal canal. 
Atresia, ah-tra'ze-ah (atretos, without aperture). 
Imperforation of natural opening or canal; see Mon- 
ster. A. a'ni or a'no-rec'tal, imperforate anus; aproc- 
tia. A. azni adna'ta, imperforation of anus; congen- 
ital imperforation of intestinal canal. A. au'ris, ad- 
hesion of auricle to side of head, or of walls of external 
auditory meatus to each other. A. i'ridis, imperfora- 
tion of iris. A. pupilTse, imperforation of iris, closing 
the pupil. A. vagi'nse, imperforation of vagina; col- 
patresia. A. vul'vse, imperforation of vulva. 
Atresoblepharia, at-rez-o-blef-ar'e-ah (atretos, im- 
perforate, blepharon, eyelid). Adherence of the eye- 
lids; sympblepharon. 
Atresocys'ia or Atretocysla, at-ret-o-sis'e-ah (atreto, 
kusos, anus). Atresia ani. 
Atresometria, at-res-o-met're-ah. Imperforation of 
the uterus. 
Atreta, at-ra'tah. Woman with atresia vaginae. 
Atretelytria, at-ret-el-it're-ah (atreto, elutron, vagi- 
na). Imperforation of vagina. 
Atretenteria, at-ret-en-ter'e-ah (atreto, enteron, in- 
testine). Imperforation of intestine. 
Atretismus, at-ret-iz'mus. Atresia. 
Atreto, at-ra'to (a, treo, to perforate). In composi- 
tion, imperforate. 
Atretoblepharia, at-ret-o-blef-ar'e-ah (atreto, bleph- 
iron, eyelid). Atresoblepharia. 
Atretocephalus, at-ret-o-sef'al-us (atreto, kephale, 
lead). Monster lacking natural apertures of the 
lead. 
Atretocormus, at-ret-o-kor'mus (atreto, kormos, 
rank). Monster lacking natural apertures of the 
rank. 
Atretocystia (at-ret-o-sis'te-ah) or Atretocystis (at- 
■eto, kustis, bladder). Atresia of bladder. 
Atretogastria, at-ret-o-gas'tre-ah (atreto, gaster, stom- 
ach). Atresia of either extremity of the stomach. 
Atretolaamia, at-ret-o-le'me-ah (atreto, laimos, cesoph- 
I gus). Atresia of pharynx or oesophagus. 
Atretometria, at-ret-o-met're-ah (atreto, metro,, ute- 
us). Imperforation of uterus. 
Atretopsia, at-ret-op'se-ah (atreto, ops, eye). Atresia 
f pupil. 
Atretorrhinia, at-ret-or-rhin'e-ah (atreto, rhis, nose), 
itresia of the nose. 
Atretostomia, at-ret-o-stom'e-ah (atreto, stoma, 
aouth). Imperforation of the mouth. 
Atreturethria, at-ret-u-re'thre-ah. Imperforation 
f the urethra. 
Atretus, at-ra'tus. Imperforate; one whose anus 
r parts of generation are imperforate. 
Atria, at're-ah (pl. of Atrium, hall of a house), 
mricles of heart. A. mor'tis, see Death. 
115 
ATROPHY 
Atrices, at're-sez. Condylomata of anus. 
Atrichia (ah-trik'e-ah) or Atrichi'asis (a thrix, 
hair). Absence of hair; alopecia. A. adna'ta, see 
Alopecia. A. seni'lis, see Alopecia. 
Atrichiasis, ah-trik-e'as-is. Atrichia. 
Atrichosis, ah-trik-o'sis (a, thrix, hair). Disease at- 
tended with loss or deficiency of hair. 
Atrichus, at'rik-us. One who has lost his hair. 
Atrici, at'ris-e (atrium, an entry). Small sinuses 
in vicinity of anus, not penetrating rectum. 
A'trio-ventric'ular. Auriculo-ventricular, as A.-v. 
ganglion, valves, etc. 
Atriplex (at're-pleks) foe'tida. Chenopodium vul- 
varia. A. horten'sis, ord. Chenopodiace®. Herb and 
seed are antiscorbutic. A. alimus, A. portulacoides, 
and A. patula have similar properties. A. lacinia'ta, 
A. patula. A. Mexica'na, Chenopodium ambrosioides. 
A. odora'ta, Chenopodium botrys. A. ol'ida, Cheno- 
podium vulvaria. A. pat'ula, Spreading or ache; in- 
digenous; expressed juice is cathartic; used like 
gamboge in dropsy and asthma. A. Purshia'na, A. 
patula. 
Atrium,ah'tre-um (a hall). Ampulla; sinus; auri- 
cle of heart; lower part of cavity of tympanum; sinus 
venosus. A. bur's® omenta'lis, contracted cavity of 
peritoneum in vicinity of foramen of Winslow. A. 
cor'dis dex'trum, right auricle of heart. A. c. sinis'- 
trum, left auricle of heart. A. laryn'gis, portion of 
larynx above superior vocal cords. A. poste'rius, 
left auricle of heart. A. pulmona'lis, left auricle 
of heart. A. tympan'icum, part of cavity of tym- 
panum directly opposite opening of external meatus. 
A. vagi'n®, vestibulum. A. vena'rum cava'rum, 
right auricle. 
Atropa, at'ro-pah (atropos, immutable; goddess of 
destiny, from its fatal effects). A. belladon'na, Bella- 
donna, Deadly nightshade, Common dwale; perennial 
plant, indigenous in Europe and Asia, ord. Solanace®. 
Leaves, Belladonna; folia (Ph. U. S. and Br.), and root, 
B. radix (Ph. U. S. and Br.), are powerfully narcotic 
and anodyne, also antispasmodic, diaphoretic, diu- 
retic, and mydriatic. Employed in nervous and spas- 
modic diseases; externally, antigalactic; in neuralgia, 
cardiac pains, painful uterine affections, etc., in plas- 
ter or extract. Belladonna is usually given in form 
of extract or of atropine. Dose, gr. | to gr. ij of the 
powdered leaves. Atropine is the active principle; 
see Atropine. A. mandrag'ora, Mandrake, growing 
in Europe; narcotic; used as poultice to indolent 
swellings. 
Atrophia, at-rof'e-ah. Atrophy, tabes. A. ablac- 
tato'rum, weaning brash, cholera infantum. A. an'- 
glica, A. nervosa. A. cer'ebri, atrophy of the brain. 
A. cor'dis, heart, atrophy of. A. den'tis, atrophy of 
the teeth. A. glandula'ris, tabes mesenterica. A. 
hep'atis, atrophy of liver. A. infant'um, atrophy of 
children; tabes mesenterica. A. intestino'rum, in- 
testinal atrophy. A. lactan'tium, atrophy of nurs- 
ing women. A. lie'nis, atrophy of spleen. A. mes- 
enter'ica, tabes mesenterica. A. musculo'rum lipo- 
mato'sa, pseudo-muscular hypertrophy. A. nervo'sa, 
loss of flesh, appetite, etc., without positive disease. 
A. spina'lis, ataxia, progressive locomotor. A. tes- 
tic'uli, atrophy of testicle. A. un'guium, atrophy 
of nails. 
Atrophic, at-rof'ik. Eelating to atrophy, as A. 
na'sal catarrh, offensive odorous discharge from nose, 
with atrophy of mucous lining and turbinated bones. 
A. spi'nal paral'ysis, inflammation of gray matter of 
anterior part of spinal cord. 
Atrophici (at-rof'is-e) mor'bi. Diseases of nutri- 
tion, characterized by atrophy and debility 
Atrophoderma, at-ro-fo-dur'mah (atrophia, derma, 
skin). Atrophy of the skin; atrophia cutis. 
Atrophy, at'rof-e (a, trophe, nourishment). Defec- 
tive nutrition; progressive morbid diminution in bulk 
of whole body or part. A., acute yel'low, of liv'er, 
disease of nervous system marked by delirium, coma, 
etc., following jaundice, with general glandular de- 
generation, and with atrophy of liver, usually fatal. 
A., amphibles'troid, A. of retina. A., brown, A. ATROPIA 
of liver or spleen of old people. A., concen'tric, A. 
of organ containing cavities, as heart, diminishing 
calibre of such cavities. A., Cruveil'hier's, atrophy, 
progressive muscular. A., cyanot'ic, A. of liver from 
obstructed circulation through it. A., degen'erative, 
A. with degeneration and absorption of material. A., 
fat'ty, A. with fatty degeneration. A., fat'ty mus'- 
cular, pseudo-hypertrophic spinal paralysis. A., 
gran'ular, A. from chronic interstitial inflammation 
of an organ, with excess of granular matter. A., 
gray, degeneration of optic disk, which becomes 
grayish; resulting from retinitis or organic disease of 
central nervous system. A., hered'itary mus'cular, 
variety of pseudo-hypertrophic spinal paralysis. A., 
in'fantile, tabes mesenterica. A., lin'ear, form of 
morphcea, occurring in bands or lines, chiefly about 
forehead, arms, and legs. A., lipo'matous mus'cular, 
paralysis, pseudo-hypertrophic. A. mesenter'lea,tabes 
mesenterica. A., mus'cular or myopath'ic, muscular 
dystrophy; atrophy of the muscles occurring in early 
life, and not connected with any lesion of the nervous 
system. A., necrobiot'ic, A., numerical. A. of nerve, 
A., neu'ral, A. of nerve, from thickening or inflam- 
mation. A., neurot'ic, A. from affection of trophic 
nerves of a part. A., numerical, advanced stage of 
simple atrophy, some elements actually perishing. 
A. of op'tic nerve, see Optic nerve. A./passive, A. 
from pressure, lack of nutrition, exhausting visceral 
diseases, etc. A., pig'mentary, form of a. in which 
there is deposit of yellow pigment in the fat-cells. 
A., pres'sure, atrophy from direct pressure on a part. 
A., progressive fa'cial, partial or unilateral a. of 
face. A. of one side of face, generally the left, with 
discoloration, loss or waste of fatty, bony, or carti- 
laginous parts ; perhaps due to lesion of cervical por- 
tion of sympathetic system. A., progres'sive mus'cu- 
lar, Cruveilhier's atrophy or paralysis or disease, Creep- 
ing palsy, Peripheric paralysis, Lead palsy without lead, 
Wasting palsy. Rare malady, in which muscles be- 
come so greatly atrophied that they cannot perform 
their functions, consisting in granular degeneration 
of voluntary muscles, dependent on lesion of anterior 
roots of spinal nerves or atrophy of cells of gray mat- 
ter of anterior horns of spinal cord. A., progres'sive 
ner'vous, A. of roots of spinal nerves from compres- 
sion of arachnoid membrane by fibrous bands. A., 
qualitative, degeneration. A., quantitative, A., 
simple. A., red, A., cyanotic; acute cirrhosis of 
liver. A. of ret'ina, see Optic nerve. A., rheumat'ic, 
muscular atrophy consequent on rheumatism, involv- 
ing whole muscular mass, without transformation. 
A., rig'id, rigid contraction of muscles atrophied from 
exhaustion, after long-continued spasm, from inflam- 
mation or rheumatism. A., se'nile, A. of old persons. 
A., se'rous, A. in which there is transudation of serum, 
the fat having disappeared. A., sim'ple, A. not de- 
pendent on pathological changes or conditions. A., 
spi'nal, ataxia, locomotor. A. trophoneurot'ic, A. from 
defective nervous supply or distribution, as in muscular 
atrophy from lesion of a nerve. A., unilat'eral fa'- 
cial, A., progressive facial. A., va'ricose, A., cyanotic. 
A., yellow, of liver, A., acute yellow. 
Atropia, at-ro'pe-ah. Atropine. A. o'leate, made 
by dissolving atropine in oleic acid and olive oil; 
used in preparation of suppositories instead of extract 
of belladonna. A. sal'icylate, atropiee salicylas. A. 
san'toninate, used as substitute for atropia sulphate. 
A. sul'phate, see Atropine. A. vale'rianate, see 
Atropine. 
Atro'pise sal'icylas. Salicylate of atropia; mydri- 
atic. A. santoni'nas, atropia santoninate. A. sul'- 
phas, see Atropine. A., valerian'as, atropia vale- 
rianate. 
Atropina, at-ro-pe'nah. Atropine. 
Atropi'nae sul'phas. See Atropine. 
Atropine, at'ro-peen, Atropia, Atropina (Ph. U. S. and 
Br.), Atropium, Atropinum. Active principle of Atropa 
belladonna, C17H2.3NO3; white, bitter alkaloid, in- 
tensely poisonous, soluble in 600 parts of water at 15° 
C. or 59.35° F.; in 35 parts of boiling water; very sol- 
uble in alcohol. It may also be obtained from stra- 
116 
AUANSIS 
monium. It dilates the pupil, and its therapeutic 
effects are the same as those of belladonna; prescribed 
also hypodermically in dose of gr. Tfa. Dose, inter- 
nally, gr. -fa. Sulphate of atropine is officinal, «tro- 
pinie sulphas (Ph. U. S. and Br.), 
More soluble than atropine, but medicinal effects anal- 
ogous. Valerianate of atropine, atropise valerianas, 
has also been used. A. o'leate, see Atropia and Oleate. 
Atropinization, at-ro-pin-iz-a'shun. Process of in- 
ducing full effects of atropia. 
Atropi'num. Atropine. A. sulphu'ricum, atropia 
sulphate. A. valerian'icum, atropia valerianate. 
Atropism, at'ro-pizm. Constitutional effects of 
belladonna or atropine. 
Atro-sanguineous, at-ro-san-gwin'e-us {ater, black, 
sanguis, blood). Color of dark-red blood. 
Atrosine, at'ro-seen. Red coloring matter in atropa 
belladonna. 
Attack, at-tak'. Access; sudden invasion or onset 
of disease; seizure. 
At'tar of roses. See Rosa centifolia. 
Attenuants, at-ten'u-ants {tenuis, thin). Medicines 
which augment fluidity or diminish action of other 
remedies. 
Attenuation, at-ten-u-a'shun. Thinness, emacia- 
tion, system of diet or medication to reduce corpu- 
lency. Term used by homoeopaths in sense of dilu- 
tion or division of remedies into infinitesimal doses. 
Process of weakening the activity of a micro-organism 
by cultivation, etc. 
At'tic. Pyramidal cavity in tympanum opening 
into antrum, partially filled by malleus and incus. 
A., tympa'nic, attic. 
Attitude, at'te-tude. Situation, position of body, 
posture, often enabling physician to pronounce at 
once upon character of disease, degree of nervous or 
cerebral power, etc. A., crucifix'ion, shape of body 
sometimes assumed by limbs and trunk in hystero- 
epilepsy. 
Attollens aurem (at-tol'lens aw'rem) or Auric'ulffi 
{at, tollo, to raise). Muscle of ear, arising thin, broad, 
and tendinous from tendon of occipito-frontalis, and 
inserted into upper part of ear opposite antihelix; it 
raises the ear. A. glan'dulae thyroi'dese, portion of 
inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx passing to thy- 
roid gland. A. hu'meri or hu'merum, deltoid. A. 
lin'guae, myloglossus. A. maxil'lam tempora'lis, 
temporalis. A. max'imus, temporo-auricularis ex- 
ternus. A. oc'uli or oc'ulum, rectus superior oculi. 
A. os'sis hyoi'dei, genio-hyoideus. A. scap'ulam, 
levator anguli scapulse. A. se'dem, levator ani. A. 
superio'rem pal'pebram, levator palpebrse supe- 
rioris. 
Attonitus, at-ton'it-us {attono, to stun). Stupefied; 
stricken with apoplexy. A. mor'bus, apoplexy. 
Attraction (at-trak'shun), capil'lary. Attraction 
which a solid body exerts upon fluids. A. of cohe'- 
sion, cohesion. A., elec'tive, chemical affinity. A., 
elec'trical, attraction shown by substances for one 
another when charged with an opposite variety of 
electricity. A. of gravita'tion, see Gravity. 
Attractivus (at-trak-te'vus) or Attractorius, at-trak- 
to're-us. Attrahent. 
Attrahens, at'tra-hens. Attrahent. A. al'se na'si, 
compressor naris. A. au'rem, auric'ulse, or au'ris, 
anterior auris. 
Attrahent, at'tra-hent. Attracting or drawing to- 
ward, as remedies attracting fluids to parts to which 
they are applied; blisters and rubefacients, for ex- 
ample, 
Attrita, at-tre'tah {at, tero, to rub) or Attri'tus. 
Chafing. 
Attrition, at-trish'un. Friction or bruising; cha- 
fing; cardialgia accompanied with panting; violent 
contusion. 
Atypic (a-tip'ik) or Atyp'ical {a, tupos, type). Not 
having or being a type; irregular, as atypic or irreg- 
ular intermittent. 
Atypos, at'ip-os. Erratic; typic; crippled. 
Au, as a prefix, see A. 
Auansis, aw-an'sis (desiccation). Morbid dryness. AUCHEN 
Auchen, aw'ken (neck). In composition, neck; neck 
of any organ, as uterus. See Collum. 
Aucheniatria, aw-ken-e-at-re'ah (auchen, iatreia, 
treatment). Treatment of diseases of the throat. 
Auchenister, aw-ken-is'ter (aucheniso, to decapi- 
tate). Instrument for foetal decapitation. 
Auchen'ium. Part of neck below the nucha. 
Auchenomelus, aw-ken-o-me'lus (auchen, melos, 
member). Monster having parts abnormally united 
to the neck. 
Auchenorrheuma, awk-en-or-rhu'mah (auchen, 
rheuma, rheumatism). Rheumatism of neck; torticollis. 
Auchenoschisis, aw-ken-os'kis-is (auchen,. schisis, 
fissure). Fissure of the neck or of cervical vertebrae. 
Auchenosphinxis, aw - ken-o - stinks' is (auchen, 
sphinxis, constriction). Strangulation. 
Auchenozoster, aw-ken-o-zos'ter (auchen, zoster, 
girth). Herpes zoster of neck. 
Auchenydrocele, aw-ken-id-ro-se'le (Eng., aw-ken- 
id'ro-seel). Hydrocele of the neck or cystic goitre. 
Aucheticus, aw-ket'ik-us (auchen, neck). One af- 
fected with stiff neck. 
Au'da Brasilien'sis. Plant of S. America, whose 
seeds are purgative. 
Aud'e. Voice; sound. 
Audimeter (aw-dim'et-ur) or Audiometer (audio, to 
hear, metron, measure). Instrument to test degree of 
hearing. 
Audiphone, aw'de-fone (audio, to hear,phone, sound). 
Instrument by means of which sounds are made to 
pass through cranial walls to auditory nerve. 
Audition, aw-dish'un (audio, to hear). Hearing; 
act of hearing; sensation arising from impression 
made on auditory nerves by vibrations of air pro- 
duced by sonorous body. Audition may be active or 
passive; hence difference between listening and sim- 
ply hearing. Auscultation. 
Auditory, aud'it-o-re. Relating to audition or the 
ear. A. a'rea, centre in the cerebrum in which sense 
of hearing is presumed to be located; not positively 
known. A. ar'teries and veins, vessels entering the 
auditory canals; they are the external auditory ar- 
tery, given off by the styloid, a branch of external 
carotid; internal auditory artery, branch of basilary 
artery accompanying auditory nerve, and distributed 
to it. The auditory veins empty into internal and 
external jugulars. A. au'ra, auditory impression pre- 
ceding epileptic attack. A. bulb, membranous laby- 
rinth of ear. A. canal, external, canal commencing 
at bottom of concha, at foramen auditivum, passing in- 
ward, forward, and downward, and terminating at 
membrana tympani; is partly cartilaginous, partly 
osseous, partly fibrous. A. canal, inter'nal, situate 
on posterior surface of pars petrosa of temporal bone. 
From foramen auditivum internum, where it com- 
mences, it passes forward and outward, and termi- 
nates by a cul-de-sac, perforated by many holes, maeulse 
cribrosse, one of which is orifice of aquaeductus Fal- 
lopii; the others communicate with the labyrinth. 
A. cells, cells in delicate structure of internal ear, 
having upon them hair-like prolongation of epi- 
thelial cells, A. hairs or cirri. A. cen'tre, A. area. 
A. hairs, see A. cells. A. mea'tus, see Meatus. A. 
nerve, portio mollis of seventh pair, arises from 
corpus restiforme, from floor of fourth ventricle, and 
by means of white striae from sides of calamus scrip- 
torius. As it leaves the encephalon it forms a flat- 
tened cord, and proceeds with the facial nerve through 
the foramen auditivum internum, and as far as the 
bottom of the meatus, where it separates from the 
facial, dividing into two branches, one going to the 
cochlea, cochlear nerve, the other to the vestibule and 
semicircular canals, vestibular nerve. A. nu'clei, nuclei 
of origin of auditory nerve. A. os'sicles, small bones 
in the middle ear. A. plate, roof of external meatus 
of ear, extending from beneath squamous process in- 
ward to tympanum. A. pro'cess, rough lip of bone 
at entrance of external meatus, for attachment of au- 
ricle. A. roots, roots of auditory nerve. A. sac, 
depression in epiblast on each side of the after-brain 
in the embryo. A. teeth, teeth-like processes in 
117 
AURI 
cochlea of the ear. A. veins, see A. arteries. A. 
ver'tigo, Meniere's disease. A. ves'icles, minute 
sacs in lower animals substituting more compli- 
cated apparatus of hearing in higher animals and 
man. Part of external germ-layer of foetus, after- 
ward to be developed into the internal ear. 
Auditus, aw-de'tus. Hearing. 
Au'erbach, gan'glion or plex'us of. See Ganglion 
of Auerbach. 
Auge, aw'ge. Reservoir into which liquids flow in 
interrupted manner, such as the ventricles and auri- 
cles of the heart. 
Aug'iar. See Araroba. 
Augmentation, awg - men - ta' shun (augeo, to in- 
crease). , Accretion; stage of disease in which symp- 
toms go on increasing. 
Augnathus, awg-nath'us (aw, again, gnathos, jaw). 
Monster with double or supplementary lower jaw. 
Aula, aw'lah. Y-shaped canal between third and 
lateral ventricles. 
Aulacomele, aw-lak-o-me'le (aulax, furrow, mete, 
probe). Grooved probe. 
Auliscus, aw-lis'kus (dim. of Aulus). Canula; 
fistula of small size. 
Aulix, aw'lix. Shallow furrow on side of third 
ventricle of brain; fissure of Monro. 
Aulus, aw'lus (autos, fistula or pipe). Canula; 
fistula; foramen; external orifice of vagina. 
Aura, aw' rah. Vapor or emanation from a body, sur- 
rounding it like an atmosphere. Sensation of a light 
vapor in some diseases, appearing to set out from the 
trunk or limbs, and rise toward the head. It pre- 
cedes attacks of epilepsy and hysteria; A. epileptica, 
A. hysterica. A., elec'tric, aural sensation of part sub- 
jected to discharge of static electricity. A. epilep'- 
tica, see Aura. A. hyster'ica, see Aura. A., mo'tor, 
convulsive phenomena preceding at times an epileptic 
fit. A. podag'rica, sensation experienced preceding 
an attack of gout. A. san'guinis, odor exhaled by 
blood newly drawn. A. sem'inis, volatile principle 
fancied to exist in sperm, and to be the fecundating 
agent; emanation from semen supposed by some to 
be capable of effecting fecundation. A., sen'sory, 
aura associated with sensations of cold or heat, prick- 
ing, pain or numbness, headache, etc. A., vaso- 
mo'tor, A. with local pallor, numbness, heat, etc. A. 
vertigino'sa, vertigo preceding epileptic attack. A. 
vita'lis, vital principle. 
Au'ral (auris, ear). Relating or appertaining to the 
ear or to an aura. A. med'icine and sur'gery, med- 
ical and surgical treatment of diseases of the ear. A. 
ver'tigo, Meniere's disease. 
Aurantia Curassaventia, aw-ran'she-ah ku-ras-sa- 
ven'she-ah (Curassoa apples or oranges). Immature 
oranges, checked in their growth; grateful, aromatic, 
bitter, devoid of acidity, especially when infused in 
wine or brandy; also used for issue peas. See Citrus 
aurantium. 
Aurantii amari cortex, aw-ran'she-e am-ah're 
kor'teks. See Citrus aurantium. A. cor'tex, see Citrus 
aurantium. A. flo'res, see Citrus aurantium. A. flo'- 
ris a'qua, see Citrus aurantium. A. fruc'tus, bitter 
orange; ripe fruit of Citrus vulgaris; tonic and 
stomachic. 
Aurantium, aw-ran'she-um. Citrus aurantium. 
Aureliana Canadensis, aw-ra'le-an-ah kan-ad-en'- 
sis. Aralia quinquefolia, Panax quinquefolium. 
Aureola, aw-re'o-lah. Areola. 
Auri (gen. of Aurum) et ammo'nii chlor'idum. See 
Gold. A.bro'midum, gold, bromide of. A. chlore'tum, 
gold, muriate of. A. chloretum cum chloreto natrii, 
aw're klor-a'tum kum klor-a'to nat're-e, see Gold A. 
chlo'ridum, gold, muriate of. A. cyan'idum, see Gold. 
A. cyanure'tum, see Gold. A. io'didum, see Gold. A. 
iodure'tum, see Gold. A. monocyan'idum, gold, mono- 
cyanide of. A. mu'rias, gold, muriate of. A. et na'tri 
chlorure'tum, see Gold. A., nitromu'rias, see Gold. A. 
ox'idum, see Gold. A. et so'dii chlo'ridum, gold and 
sodium, chloride of. A. terchlo'ridum, see Gold. A. 
tercyan'idum or tricyan'idum, see Gold. A. terox'- 
idum, see Gold. AURIC 
Auric acid, aw'rik as'id (awrum, gold). Gold tri- 
hydroxide ; also, gold trioxide. 
Auricle, awr'ik'l (dim. of Auris). Pavilion of the 
ear. 
Aur'icles of the heart. Two cavities, one right, the 
other left, each communicating with the ventricle of 
its side. They receive the blood from every part of 
the body. Into the right auricle two vente cavae and 
coronary vein open; into the left, four pulmonary 
veins. The right auricle has been called sinus of vense 
cavse, sinus dexter cordis; the left, sinus of pulmonary 
veins, sinus sinister cordis. Foliated or dog's-ear por- 
tion of each auricle is called appendix auriculae. 
Auricula, aw-rik'u-lah. Auricle. A. cor'dis, aur- 
icle of heart; appendix of auricle. A. in'fima, lobule 
of ear. A. Ju'dse, Peziza auricula. A. mu'ris, Hie- 
racium pilosella. A. mu'ris ma'jor, Hieracium mu- 
rorum. 
Auricular, aw-rik'u-lar. Belonging to or resem- 
bling the ear or the auricle of the heart. A. ang'les, 
angles formed by meeting of lines from external 
meatus of ear to special points on skull. A. appen'- 
dage or appen'dix, see Auricles of heart. A. arcs, 
arcs indicating extent of space between two lines 
forming auricular angles. A. ar'teries and veins are 
anterior and posterior. The former arise from tem- 
poral artery, and are distributed to meatus auditorius 
externus and pavilion of ear. The posterior auricu- 
lar artery is given off by the external carotid, from 
which it separates in the parotid gland. Anterior 
and posterior auricular veins open into temporal 
and external jugular. A. diam'eter, inferior pari- 
etal diameter of skull. A. fin'ger, little finger, so 
called because readily introduced into the meatus au- 
ditorius. A. fis'sure, fissure between the tympanic 
bone and mastoid process. A. fora'men, external 
opening of meatus auditorius externus. A. glands, 
lymphatic glands behind and beneath the ear. A. 
height, distance from upper edge of outer opening of 
external auditory meatus to apex of cranium. A. 
in'dex, measurement of auricle of ear, taken from 
proportionate breadth to height. A. mus'cles, mus- 
cles attached to the external ear. A. nerves are: 1. 
Auricular branch, zygomato-auricular, an ascending 
branch of cervical plexus; ramifies and spreads over 
the two surfaces of the pavilion. 2. Auricular or su- 
perficial temporal, given off from inferior maxillary; 
ascends between condyle of jaw and meatus audito- 
rius externus; sends numerous filaments to meatus 
and pavilion, and divides into two twigs accompany- 
ing branches of temporal artery and distributed to 
integuments of head. There is also a posterior au- 
ricular furnished by the facial. A. point, middle 
of opening of external meatus; or, in case of meas- 
urement of auricular height, middle of upper or 
lower edge of the meatus. A. ra'dii, lines projected 
from middle of external meatus to certain points on 
the skull. A. sep'tum, partition between the two 
auricles of the heart. A. si'nus, cavity in right 
auricle of heart, between the two venae cavae, principal 
cavity of left auricle. A. sul'cus, groove or sulcus 
in the jugular fossa for auricular nerves from vagus. 
A. sur'face, ear-shaped surfaces on sacrum and ilium. 
A. veins, see A. Arteries. 
Auricularia sambuci, aw-rik-u-lar'e-ah sam-bu'se. 
Peziza auricula. 
Auricularis, aw-rik-u-lar'is. Auricular. A. ante'- 
rior, anterior auris. A. a. profun'dus, small muscle 
from temporal bone to tragus. A. mag'nus, auricular 
nerve. A. poste'rior, retrahens aurem. A. supe'- 
rior, attollens aurem. 
Auriculo-bregmatic, aw-rik'u-lo-breg-mat'ik. Re- 
lating to auricle of ear and point of junction of cor- 
onal and sagittal sutures, as Auriculo-bregmatic diam- 
eter or radii. 
Auriculo-cranial (aw-rik'u-lo-kra'ne-al), Auriculo- 
facial (aw-rik'u-lo-fa'shc-al), Auriculo-frontal (aw- 
rik'u-lo-fron'tal), Auriculo-occipital (aw-rik'u-lo-ok- 
sip'it-al), and Auriculo-parietal (aw-rik'u-lo-par-i'- 
et-al) angles are angles, taking the centre of the 
external meatus as the constant point, measuring 
118 
AUSCULTATION 
respectively the cranium, face, forehead, occiput, 
and junctions of lambdoid and sagittal sutures and 
of sagittal and coronal sutures. 
Auriculo-glossus, aw-rik'u-lo-glos'sus. Styloglos- 
sus, arising from external meatus. 
Auriculo-infraorbital plane, aw-rik'u-lo-in-frah- 
or'bit-al plane. Cranial plane formed by projecting 
lines from top of auricular foramen to inferior edge 
of orbit. 
Auriculo-metallic, aw-rik'u-lo-me-tal'lik. Term 
applied to metallic sound heard on auscultation of 
heart. 
Auriculo-occipital (aw-rik'u-lo-ok-sip'it-al) angle. 
See Auriculo-cranial. 
Auriculo-parietal (aw-rik'u-lo-par-i'et-al) angle. 
See Auriculo-cranial. 
Auriculo-spinal (aw-rik'u-lo-spi'nal) plane. Plane 
so projected as to pass through two auricular points 
and spinal or subnasal points. 
Auriculo-temporal (aw-rik'u-lo-tem'por-al) muscle. 
Attrahens aurem and attollens aurem muscles viewed 
as one muscular mass. A.-t. nerve, branch of inferior 
maxillary to auricle and temporal bone. 
Auriculo-ventricular, aw-rik'u-lo-ven - trik' u - lar. 
Belonging to auricles and ventricles of heart. Tri- 
cuspid and mitral valves are auriculo-ventricular 
valves. 
Auriculo-zygomatlc, aw-rik'uJo-zig-o-mat'ik. Re- 
lating to external ear and zygoma. 
Auriga, aw-re'gah. Lobus Spigelii. Bandage for 
the ribs. 
Aurigenous (aw-rij'en-us) disease. Jaundice. 
Aurigo, aw-re'go (aurum, gold). Icterus. A. neo- 
phyto'rum, icterus infantum. A. typho'des, yellow 
fever. 
Aurilave, aw're-lave {auris, ear, lavo, to wash). In- 
strument for cleansing external ear. 
Auripigmentum, aw-re-pig-men'tum {aurum, gold, 
pigmentum, paint.) Orpiment. A. ru'brum, realgar. 
Auripunc'ture. Puncture of membrane of tym- 
panum. 
Au'ris. Ear. 
Auriscalpium, aw-re-skal'pe-um {auris, scalpo, to 
scrape). Ear-pick. 
Auriscope (aw're-skope)or Au'roscope {auris, skopeo, 
to view). Instrument for exploring the ear ; otoscope. 
Aurist, aw'rist. Ear-doctor, ear-surgeon; one who 
occupies himself with diseases of the ear and their 
treatment. 
Aurium fluctuatio, aw're-um fluk-tu-ah'she-o. Bom- 
bus. A. marmora'ta, cerumen. A. sib'ilus, bombus. 
A. son'itus, ringing or buzzing in the ears. A. sor'- 
des, cerumen. A. susur'rus, ringing or buzzing in 
the ears. 
Auro-natrium chloratum, aw'ro-nat're-um klor- 
at'um. Chloride of gold and sodium. 
Auroscope, aw'ro-skope. Auriscope. 
Aurugo, aw-ru'go {aurum, gold). Icterus. 
Aurum, aw'rum. Gold. A. chlora'tum, gold, mu- 
riate of. A. chlora'tum natrona'tum, see Gold. A. 
folia'tum, gold-leaf. A. lepro'sum, antimonium. A. 
in libel'lis, gold-leaf. A. lima'tum, see Gold. A. 
muriat'icum, see Gold. A. muriat'icum natrona'- 
tum, see Gold. A. musi'vum, sulphuret of tin, deu- 
tosulphuret or persulphuret of tin; used in some em- 
pirical preparations. A. ni'tro-muriat'icum, see Gold. 
A. oxyda'tum, see Gold. A. oxydula'tum muriat'icum, 
gold, muriate of. A. sal'itum, gold, muriate of. 
Auscultate, aws'kul-tate (ausculto, to listen). To 
practise auscultation. To auscult is used with same 
signification. 
Auscultation, aws-kul-ta'shun. Act of listening, to 
appreciate different sounds heard in the chest or else- 
where. Used in diagnosis of diseases of heart, lungs, 
etc., either by aid of a stethoscope {Mediate ausculta- 
tion) or by direct application of ear to chest {Immedi- 
ate auscultation). A., cepha'lic or cer'ebral, A. prac- 
tised to detect unusual sounds in the circulation 
through the brain. A., imme'diate, see Auscultation. 
A., me'diate, see Auscultation. A., obstet'ric, A. of 
pregnant uterus, or of abdomen, to recognize foetal AUSCULTATOR 
or other sounds. A. tube, stethoscope. A., vo'cal, 
A. of vocal sounds heard in auscultating the chest. 
Auscultator, aws'kul-ta-tor. One who practises 
auscultation or has skill in its practice. 
Auscultatory (aws-kul'ta-to-re) or Aus'cultory. 
Relating to auscultation. A. percus'sion, see Acou- 
ophonia. 
Australian (aws-tra'le-an) fe'ver tree. Alstonia 
constricta. A. gum, variety of Acacia from Austra- 
lia. A. ki'no, juice from Eucalyptus tree of Austra- 
lia. A. pep'per, Piper novae Hollandiae. A. sas'sa- 
fras, Atherosperma moschata. 
Autalgia, awt-al'je-ah (auto, algos, pain). Localized 
pain. A. doloro'sa, facial neuralgia; pleurodynia. 
A. prurigino'sa, itching. A. ver'tigo, vertigo. 
Autechoscope, awt-ek'o-skope (autos, self, eche, 
sound, skopeo, to examine). Instrument for self-aus- 
cultation. 
Autemesia (awt-em-a'ze-ah) or Auteme'sis {auto, 
emesis, vomiting). Spontaneous idiopathic vomiting. 
Autempresmus, awt-em-prez'mus {auto, empresmos, 
burning). Spontaneous combustion. 
Auteunuchus, awt-u'nu-kus. One who has prac- 
tised self-castration. 
Authemeron, aw-them'er-on {auto, hemera, day). 
Medicine curing at once, in a day. 
Authygiansis, aw-thij-e-an'sis {auto, hugiazo, to 
heal). Healing power of nature. 
Auto, awt'o (autos, self). As a prefix, self. 
Autocheir or Autochir, awt'o-kir (auto, cheir, hand). 
A self-murderer; a suicide. 
Autocheiria or Autochiria, awt-o-kir'e-ah. Sui- 
cide. 
Autochthonous, awt-ok'thon-us (auto, chthon, land). 
Indigenous. Formed at point where found, as a clot. 
See Thrombosis. A. clot, thrombosis. 
Autoclnesis, awt-o-sin-a'sis (auto, kinesis, motion). 
Voluntary motion; motion without muscular or con- 
tractile fibres, as of spermatozoa, white corpuscles, 
etc. 
Autoclave, awt'o-klave {auto, Claris, key). Self-clos- 
ing, as erection closing channels of egress of the blood. 
Autocrasy, awt-ok'ra-se {auto, kratos, strength). In- 
dependent force; action of vital principle or of in- 
stinctive powers. 
Autocratia (aw-to-krat-e'ah) or Autocratorla, aw- 
to-krat-o're-ah. Autocrasy; vis medicatrix naturae. 
Autoctonia, awt-ok-ton'e-ah (auto, ktonos, murder). 
Suicide. 
Autodigestion, awt-o-di-jest'yun. Self-digestion, as 
of the stomach after death. 
Autogenesis (awt-o-jen'e-sis) or Autogen'ia (auto, 
genesis, generation). Spontaneous generation; self- 
reparation, as after division of a nerve. 
Autogenetic, awt-o-jen-et'ik. Relating to autogen- 
esis or spontaneous generation. 
Autogenous, awt-oj'en-us (same etymon). Relating 
to spontaneous generation, or to parts or elements 
developed from distinct and independent centres. 
Epiphyses that are outgrowths are exogenous; those 
produced from epiphyses are autogenous. A. diseases, 
diseases due to pathological condition of some cell or 
cells of the body, and not to any cause from without. 
Autographism, aut' o - graf - ism {auto, grapho, to 
write). Condition of skin sometimes confounded with 
urticaria, hence called artificial urticaria, in which 
lines or designs can be traced on the reddened sur- 
face. 
Auto-infection, awt'o-in-fek'shun. Self-infection 
from poison generated in one's own body. 
Auto-inoculation, awt' o - in - ok - u - la' shun. Self- 
inoculation. 
Auto-intoxication, aw'to-in-toks-e-ka'shun. Self- 
intoxication, or poisoning from causes within one's 
self. 
Autolabis, awt-ol'ab-is {auto, labis, forceps). Self- 
closing forceps. 
Autolaryngoscopy, awt-o-lar-in-gos'ko-pe. Self-in- 
spection of the larynx by aid of a laryngoscope. 
Autolith'otome (auto, lithos, stone, tome, incision). 
Automatic instrument for lithotomy. 
119 
AUTOTRANSFUSION 
Autolithotomy, awt-o-lith-ot'o-me (atrfo, lithos, stone, 
tome, incision). One who operates on himself for stone. 
Automatic, awt-o-mat'ik (automates, spontaneous). 
That which acts of itself. Automatic movements are 
those executed without volition. 
Automatism, awt-om'at-izm. Condition of brain 
or nervous system in which involuntary actions are 
performed, as during revery. Automatic action or 
movement. 
Autonomy, awt-on'o-me (auto, nomos, law). Mechan- 
ism of an organized body governed by its own laws. 
Autonyctobatia (awt-o-nik-to-bat'e-ah) or Auto- 
nyctobate'sis (auto, nux, night, baino, to go). Som- 
nambulism. 
Auto-ophthalmoscopy, awt-o-of-thal' mos-ko-pe 
(auto, ophthalmos, eye, skopeo, to see). Self-examination 
of the eye with an ophthalmoscope. 
Autopath'ic. Eelating to disease arising from causes 
within the body. 
Autopepsia, awt-o-pep'se-ah (auto, pepto, to concoct). 
Self-digestion, as of the stomach after death. 
Autophagism (awt-of'a-jism) or Autoph'agy (auto, 
phago, to eat). Feeding on one's self, as when deprived 
of due amount of food. 
Autophia, awt-of'e-ah. Autopsy. 
Autophonia, awt-o-fo'ne-ah (auto, phonos, murder). 
Autophony; suicide. 
Autophonici (mor'bi), awt-o-fon'e-se. Suicidal 
lesions. 
Autophonomania, awt-o-fo-no-man'e-ah. Suicidal 
insanity. 
Autophony, awt-of'o-ne (auto, phone, voice). Aus- 
cultatory sign, consisting in noting character of 
observer's own voice while speaking with head 
placed close to patient's chest; a diagnostic method 
called Heautophon'ics. Morbid state of hearing, in which 
speaker's own voice is over-distinctly heard by him. 
Autophthalmoscopy, awt-of-thal'mos-ko-pe. Auto- 
ophthalmoscopy, as by an Autophthal'moscope, arranged 
for self-inspection. 
Autophysiotherapeia (awt-o-fiz-e-o-ther-ap-e'ah) or 
Autophysiotherapi'a (auto, phusis, nature, therapeia, 
treatment). Cure by vital powers or powers of nature. 
Autoplastic, awt-o-plas'tik (auto, plastikos, forma- 
tive). Eelating to autoplasty or plastic surgery. 
Autoplastice (awt-o-plas'te-se) or Autoplasty, awt'- 
o-plas-te. Eestoration of lost parts, as by transplan- 
tation from another part. 
Autopsia (awt-op'se-ah) or Au'topsy (auto, opsis, 
vision). Self-inspection. Usually applied to A. ca- 
daver'ica, attentive examination after death; exam- 
ination post-mortem, Necroscopy, Necropsy, to inves- 
tigate causes of death. A. cadabver'ica lega'lis, post- 
mortem examination for medico-legal purposes. 
Autopsy, awt'op-se. See Autopsia. A. wounds, see 
Dissecting wound. 
Autorrhinoscopy, awt-or-rin-os'ko-pe (auto, rhis, 
nose, skopeo, to see). Self-examination of the nose, 
or with a rhinoscope. 
Autoscopy, awt-os'ko-pe (auto, skopeo, to view). Self- 
inspection; autopsy. 
Autosite, awt'o-site (auto, sitos, food). Single mon- 
ster. capable of deriving nourishment from its own 
organs. Organism on which there is parasitic growth. 
Autos'padon (auto, spadon, eunuch). Self-castrator. 
Autospeculum, awt-o-spek'u-lum (auto, speculum). 
Vaginal speculum which patient may insert herself. 
Autostethoscope, awt-o-steth'o-skope. Instrument 
for self-auscultation. 
Autostylic, awt-o-sti'lik (auto, stulos, support). 
Articulated with the skull without the hyoid arch. 
Autosuggestion, awt-o-suj-jest'yun. Psychological 
suggestion based on reviving previous impressions. 
Autotherapia, awt-o-ther-ap-e'ah (auto,. therapeuo, 
to cure). Spontaneous cure; vis medicatrix naturae. 
Autotomy, awt-ot'o-me (auto, tome, incision). Self- 
mutilation. 
Autotoxaemia, awt-o-toks-e'me-ah (auto, toxicum, 
poison, haima, blood). Self-poisoning from sources 
within one's own body. 
Autotransfusion, awt-o-trans-fu'zhun. Process of AUTUMNAL 
using tight bandages to lower limbs in active hemor- 
rhages or operations. 
Autumnal, aw-tum'nal. Relating to autumn ; name 
given to malarial fevers. 
Auxesis, awks-a'zis. Augmentation, increase. 
Auxiliary, awks-il'i-a-re (auxilium, aid). Assisting; 
adjuvant. A. lig'aments and mus'cles are those con- 
curring in the same movement. A. med'icine assists 
the principal medicine or basis. 
Auxilium, awks-il'e-um (aid). Adjuvant; medica- 
ment. 
Auxis, awks'is. Augmentation, increase. 
Auxocardia, awks-o-kar'de-ah (auxe, increase, kar- 
dia, heart). Hypertrophy of the heart; enlargement 
in volume of the heart. 
A'va. Intoxicating narcotic drink, made by chew- 
ing Piper methysticum. Root contains neutral prin- 
ciple, kavalin or methysticin; diuretic and blennostatic. 
See Kava-kava. 
Avaism, av'a-ism. Excitement of nervous system 
produced by ava. 
Avalanche theory, av'al-anch the'o-re. Theory 
that impression from a nervous centre grows in in- 
tensity as it passes along an efferent nerve, causing 
more energetic muscular contraction. 
Aveling's curve, av'el-ing's kurv. Curve of handles 
of obstetric forceps. 
Avellana, av-el-lan'ah. Corylus avellana. A. ca- 
thar'tica, Jatropha curcas, A. multifida. A. In'dica, 
Balanus myrepsica. Seeds of Moringa pterygosperma. 
A. Mexica'na, Cacoa. A. nux sylves'tris, Corylus 
avellana. A. purga'trix, A. cathartica. 
Aveloz. See Euphorbia heterodoxa. 
Avena, av-e'nah. Oats. Seeds of Avena sativa, 
ord. Gramme®. Food for man, particularly in North 
of England and Scotland. When formed of husks, 
A. texcorticata, they form groats. Reduced to meal 
-avenie farina, oatmeal-they are applied as cata- 
plasms to promote suppuration. Dry meal is 
sprinkled over erysipelatous parts. Internally oat- 
meal is used in habitual constipation. Oatmeal gruel 
or water gruel is a good demulcent article of food; 
used also as a vehicle for clysters. A. excortica'ta, 
groats. See Avena. 
Avense farina, av-e'ne far-e'nah. Oatmeal. See 
Avena. A. sati'va, see Avena. A. sem'ina, see 
Avena. 
Avenin, av'en-in. Nitrogenous principle like legu- 
min, derived from oats. 
Avens (a'vens), com'mon. Geum urbanum. A., 
pur'ple, Geum rivale. A., wa'ter, Geum rivale. 
A., white, Geum Virginianum. A., yel'low, Geum 
urbanum. 
Averrhoa (av-er-rho'ah) bilim'bi. Blimbing tree; 
Indian tree, fruit of which is used as a condiment 
and in syrup as refrigerant. A. caram'bola, caram- 
bola or blimbing-bula tree; Indian tree, whose fruits 
are agreeably acid, and used as refrigerant in bilious 
fever and dysentery. 
Aversion, a-vur'shun (averto, to turn from). Ex- 
treme repugnance, nausea; version, as of the uterus; 
change in disease by metastasis. Action of medicines 
which turn the afflux of fluids from one organ and 
direct them to others; counter-irritation, revulsion, 
derivation. 
Avertebrate, a-vurt'e-brate. Without a vertebral 
column. 
Avicennia (av-is-en'ne-ah) offlcinaTis or resinif'- 
era (after Avicenna). Species of evergreen trees 
growing in India, Java, China, and Africa, resinous 
exudate from which is used as food. A. tomento'sa, 
plant which affords Malacca bean or Anacardium ori- 
entate, Semecarpus anacardium. Oil from bark of fruit 
is corrosive and vesicatory; resinous gum from the 
trunk is used as food; root is aphrodisiac; seeds are 
used in poultices. 
Avicula Cypria, av-ik'u-lah sip're-ah. Pastil. 
Avi'la. Fruit of Feuillea cordifolia of W. Indies, 
emetic and cathartic; oil has same properties. 
Avi/tus (amis, ancestor). Hereditary. 
Avoca'do pear. Persea gratissima. 
120 
> AXIS 
Avoirdupois weight. See Weights and Measures. 
Avornin, av-or'nin. Glucoside from bark of Rham- 
nus frangula (buckthorn), CieHisOs. 
Avornus, av-or'nus. Rhamnus frangula. 
Avulsion, a-vul'shun (a, vello, to pluck). Evulsion; 
extraction by force or tearing away. 
Awakener, a-wa'ken-er. See Baunscheidtism. 
Axea commissura, aks'e-ah kom-mis-su'rah. Pivot 
joint. See Trochoid. 
Axes, aks'es. Intermittent paroxysm. SeeAzis. A. 
of pel'vis, see Pelvis. 
Ax'i. Capsicum annuum. 
Ax'ial. Relating to axis. A. cur'rent, central cur- 
rent of blood in the capillaries, in which the red cor- 
puscles flow. A. fi'bres, see Nerve-fibres. A. plane 
of eye, equatorial plane of eye. 
Axile, aks'il. Axial. A. bod'ies, see Corpuscula 
tactus. 
Axil'la (dim. of Ala). The armpit, space beneath 
junction of arm with shoulder; bounded anteriorly 
by portion of pectoralis major, posteriorly by latissi- 
mus dorsi. 
Axillary, aks'il-la-re. Belonging to the armpit. A. 
arch, arch of axillary fascia. A. ar'tery, continua- 
tion of subclavian, extending from passage of latter 
between scaleni muscles as far as insertion of pecto- 
ralis major, when it takes the name of brachial ar- 
tery. A. fas'cia, fascia of armpit. A. glands, lym- 
phatic glands seated in the armpit, into which lym- 
phatic glands of upper extremity open. A. nerve, 
Circumflex nerve, Articular nerve; arises from posterior 
part of brachial plexus, particularly from last two 
cervical pairs and first dorsal; chiefly distributed to 
posterior margin of deltoid. A. plex'us, brachial 
plexus. A. space, axilla. A. vein corresponds with 
A. artery, anterior to which it is situate; is continua- 
tion of brachial veins; at its termination it assumes 
the name of subclavian vein. 
Axine, aks-e'ne. See Ascia. 
Axi-obliquus, aks'e-ob-le'kwus. Obliquus capitis 
inferior muscle. 
Axi-rectus, aks'e-rek'tus. Rectus capitis posticus 
major muscle. 
Axis, aks'is (axle). Right line passing through the 
centre of a body. Second vertebra of neck, so called 
because it forms a kind of axis on which the head 
moves. A., an'tero-poste'rior, of eye, see Axis of eye. 
A. band, A. cylinder. A., ba'si-cra'nial, line from 
centre of anterior edge of foramen magnum to centre 
of anterior edge of cerebral surface of sphenoid, axis- 
cylinder. A., ba'si-fa'cial, basi-cranial a., extended 
forward to anterior point of alveolar edge of superior 
maxilla. A., biauric'ular, imaginary line from one 
auricular point to the other. A., brain, isthmus of 
the encephalon. A., cen'tral, A. cylinder. A., cer'- 
ebro-spi'nal, central nervous system, brain and spinal 
cord; see Encephalon. A. of coch'lea, modiolus. A., 
cce'liac, cceliac artery. A. cord, spot at which com- 
mingling occurs of ectoderm and mesoderm. A. cor'- 
puscle, corpuscle of touch. A., cra'nio-fa'cial, bones 
constituting floor of cavity of skull in higher animals. 
A., cra'nio-spi'nal, cerebro-spinal axis; see Enceph- 
alon. A. cylinder, central part of nerve-fibre; see 
Nerve-fibre. A. c., intermus'cular, cylinder of nerve 
after passing into sarcolemma of muscle. A. c. pro'- 
cess, process passing from nerve-cell of anterior cornu 
of gray matter in central nervous system to become 
axis-cylinder of a nerve-fibre. A. of eye, visual 
axis, optic axis; right line falling perpendicularly on 
eye, and passing through centre of pupil. A., he'mal, 
aorta. A., horizontal, line projected in horizontal 
plane, perpendicular to antero-posterior and vertical 
axes of eyeball. A. of lens, see Lens. A., neu'ral, 
cerebro-spinal axis; see Encephalon. A., notochor'dal, 
notochord. A., op'tic, A. of eye. A. of pel'vis, see 
Pelvis. A., spi'nal, notochord. A., thora'cic, common 
trunk of superior thoracic and acromio-thoracic arte- 
ries. A., thy'reoid or thy'roid, thyroid axis; see Thy- 
roid. A. traction, traction of obstetric forceps on 
child in direction of curve of axis of pelvis. A. trac'- 
tor, obstetric instrument devised to facilitate axis- AXLE TEETH 
traction. A. tube, A. cylinder. A. u'teri, long diam- 
eter of the uterus; also, transverse line supposed to 
pass through uterus, on which it turns in anteversion 
or retroversion. A., vis'ual, line projected from point 
of direct vision on the retina to the fixation-point. 
Ax'le teeth. Molar teeth. 
Ax'oid. Relating to axis vertebra. 
Axoideo (aks-o-id'e-o) or Axoido. In composition, 
axis (vertebra). 
Axoido-atloid (aks-o'id-o-at'loid) or Axido-atloi- 
deus, aks'id-o-at-lo-e'de-us. Relating to axis and at- 
las ; obliquus capitis inferior muscle. 
Axoido-basilare, aks-o'id-o-bas-e-la're. Muscular 
fibres from axis to basilar process of occipital bone. 
Axoido-mastoideus, aks-o'id-o-mas-to-e'de-us. Ob- 
liquus capitis inferior muscle. 
Axoido-occipitalis, aks-o'id-o-ok-sip-it-a'lis. Rec- 
tus capitis posticus major muscle. 
Axolemma, aks-o-lem'mah (axis, lemma, sheath). 
Sheath of axis-cylinder. 
Axon, aks'ou. Axis. 
Axunge, aks-un-je' (axis, axle, ungo, to grease). 
Adeps praeparatus. 
Axungia, aks-un'je-ah. Adeps praeparatus; pin- 
guedo. A. articula'ris, synovia. A. balsam/ica, 
beuzoinated lard. A. benzoa'ta or benzoina'ta, ben- 
zoinated lard. A. cura'ta, lard. A. ga'di, oleum 
jecoris aselli. A. hom'inis, human fat. A. de mu'- 
mia, marrow. A. pe'dum tau'ri, neat's-foot oil. A. 
pisci'na mari'na, cod-liver oil. A. porci'na, or 
praepara'ta, or suil'la, adeps praeparatus. 
Aya-pana or Aya-pano. Eupatorium aya-pana; 
Brazilian plant; leaves are tonic. 
Aydendron, a-e-den'dron. Oily seeds of this Bra- 
zilian plant (Cujumary beans) are stimulant and 
stomachic. 
Aypnia, ah-ip'ne-ah (a, hupnos, sleep). Insomnia. 
Aypnos, ah-ip'nos (same etymon). Sleepless. 
Azadarine, az-ad'ar-een. Bitter principle from 
Azadirachta Indica, like quinine in action. 
Azadirachta Indica, az-ad-ir-ak'tah in'dik-ah. See 
Melia azedarach. 
Azalea procumbens, az-a'le-ah pro-cum'bens (aza- 
leos, arid). Loiseleuria procumbens. 
Azarum, az'ar-um. Asarum. 
Azedarach, az-ed'ar-ak. Melia azedarach. 
Azedaracha amcena, az-ed-ar-ak'ah am-e'nah). 
Melia azedarach. 
Azlma tetracantha, az'im-ah tet-rah-kan'thah. E. 
Indian shrub, used in chest affections. 
Azodirachta, az-o-dir-ak'tah. Azadirachta. 
Azodynamia, (a, zoe, life, dunamis, strength). Priva- 
tion or diminution of vital powers. 
Azoic, a-zo'ik (same etymon as Azote). Devoid of 
life. Azoic period of geologist is that before living 
beings appeared. 
Azoogeny, ah-zo-oj'en-e (a, priv., zoe, life, genesis, 
origin). Generation of defective beings. 
Azoospermia (ah-zo-o-spur'me-ah) or Azoosperm'- 
ism (a, zoe, life, sperma). Privation or diminution of 
vitality in spermatozoa; sterility in the male. 
Azoospermorrhagia, ah-zo-o-spur-mor-rha'je-ah (a, 
zoe, life, sperma, sperm, rhegnumi, to break forth). 
Discharge of unproductive semen. 
121 
AZZLE TEETH 
Azorella glebaria, az-o-rel'lah gle-bah're-ah. Spe- 
cies of umbelliferous plants from Straits of Magellan, 
furnishing gum-resin, bolax gum, used in chronic dis- 
charges from the urethra. 
Azotas, az-o'tas. Nitrate. A. ammo'nicus, am- 
monium nitrate. A. argen'ticus, silver nitrate. A. 
fer'ricus, ferric nitrate. A. hydrargyri'cus liq'- 
uidus, hydrargyri nitras. A. hydrargyro'so-am- 
mo'nicus, see Hydrargyri oxidum cinereum. A. hydrar- 
gyro'sus, hydrargyri nitras. A. ka'licus, potassium 
nitrate. A. potas'sicus, potassium nitrate. 
Azote, az'ote (a, zoe, life). Nitrogen. A gas unfit 
for respiration; not positively deleterious, but prov- 
ing fatal, owing to want of oxygen; one of the con- 
stituents of atmospheric air, and a distinguishing 
principle of animals; also called phlogistic air, 
vitiated air, etc. A., protox'ide of, nitrogen, gaseous 
oxide of. 
Azoted (az'o-ted) or Azotized, az'o-tized. Nitrogen- 
ized. 
Azotic, az-o'tik. Relating to nitrogen. A. ac'id, 
nitric acid. 
Az'otized. Nitrogenized. 
Azotous acid, az-o'tus as'id. Nitrous acid. 
Azotum, az-o'tum. Azote; nitrogen. 
Azotu'ria (azote, ouron, urine). Condition in which 
there is increase of urea and urates in the urine. 
Azulmic acid, az-ul'mik as'id. Black substance 
deposited from solutions of prussic acid. 
Azyges, az'ig-es (a, zugos, yoke; not paired). Sphe- 
noid bone, because it has no fellow; processus azyges, 
projecting from under middle and fore part of that 
bone. 
Azygos, az'ig-os (a, zugos, yoke). Azyges. A. glan'- 
dulse thyreoi'dese, levator glandulae thyreoideie. A. 
lin'guse, accessory slip of genio-glossus muscle. A. 
Morgagn'i, A. uvulae. A. pharyn'gis, middle con- 
strictor muscle of pharynx; also occasional muscle 
from pharyngeal spine of occipital bone to middle 
rhaphe of pharynx. A. pro'cess, azyges. A. u'vulae, 
azygous muscle of uvula. A. vein, azygous vein. 
Azygous, az'ig-us. See Azyges, Azygos. A. ar'tery, 
branch of popliteal artery to knee-joint; artery on 
vaginal wall. A. artic'ular art'ery, see Articular 
arteries of knee. A. gan'glion, coccygeal ganglion; 
see Trisplanchnic nerve. A. mus'cle of thy'roid gland, 
levator glandulse thyreoideae. A. mus'cle of u'vula, 
small muscle occupying substance of uvula. The name 
is inappropriate, as there are two distinct fasciculi 
alongside each other, forming palato-staphylini, sta- 
phylini, epistaphylini, or staphylini medii muscles. 
They raise and shorten the uvula. A. pro'cess of 
sphe'noid, see Azyges. A. vein forms communication 
between vena cava inferior and vena cava superior, 
permitting blood to pass freely between the two. On 
the left side the semiazygos, left bronchial or left 
superior intercostal vein, has much the same distribu- 
tion as vena azygos. 
Azymia, ah-zim'e-ah (a, zume, leaven), or A. humo'- 
rum. Crudity of the humors. 
Azymic, ah-zim'ik. Preventing fermentation. 
Azymous, az'im-us (a, zume, leaven). Unfermented 
or unleavened, as bread. 
Az'zle teeth. Molar teeth. BABLAH 
122 
BACILLUS 
B. 
Bab'lah. Fruit of Acacia Nilotica. 
Ba'bul bark. Bark of Acacia Arabica; tonic and 
astringent, and externally applied to ulcers. B. gum, 
Babool gum, derived from Cassia Arabica; expecto- 
rant and a diabetic food. 
Babuzica'rius. Incubus; nightmare. 
Ba'by (babazo, to speak inarticulately). Infant. B. 
farm, name given to establishment in which infants 
are received and cared for, for pecuniary considera- 
tion, or allowed to die of neglect. 
Bac'cse (pl. of Bacca, berry) Bermuden'ses. Sapin- 
dus saponaria. B. cube'bse, cubebs. B. domes'ticse, 
fruit of Rhamnus cathartica. B. or gran'a ac'tes, 
see Sambucus ebulus. B. ju'jubse, jujube. B. junip'- 
eri, juniper berries. B. myrtillo'rum, see Vaccinium 
myrtillus. B. Norlan'dicae, Rubus arcticus. B. phy- 
tolac'cse, poke berry. B. pi'peris gla'bri, see Piper 
cubeba. B. piscato'riae, see Menispermum cocculus. B. 
ziz'yphi, see Jujube. 
Bac'car. A root and ointment formerly employed 
in uterine diseases; probably Asarum Europteum. 
Baccharin, bak'kar-in. Alkaloid from Baccharis 
cordifolia. 
Bac'charis Alema'ni. B. glutinosa; diaphoretic. 
B. confer'ta, Mexican shrub; diaphoretic, also used 
in dysuria. B. cordifo'lia, plant of northern part of 
S. America; diaphoretic. B. genistelloi'des, S. Amer- 
ican shrub; antiperiodic. B. glutino'sa grows in S. 
America and United States; diaphoretic; used in ca- 
tarrhs, bronchial and renal. B. halimifoTla, Ground- 
sel tree; indigenous; demulcent. B. heterophyl'la, 
Mexican shrub; same properties as B. glutinosa. 
B. prostra'ta, shrub of Peru; used in dysuria. B. 
trimera, Brazilian species; tonic and diaphoretic. 
B. vene'ta, Apoploppus discoideus. 
Bacchia, bak-ke'ah (Bacchus). Red or pimpled face 
of a drunkard. See Gutta rosea. 
Bac'chica (sacred to Bacchus). Hedera helix. 
Baccillus, bas-sil'lus. Bacillus. 
Baccina, bak-se'nah. Henbane. 
Baccivzorous (bacca, berry, voro, to devour). Eating 
berries; living on berries as a food. 
BaceTas or Bace'lus (castrated). One who has 
been castrated. 
Bach'elor's but'tons. See Strychnos nux vomica. 
Bacillar (bas'il-lar) or Bacillary, bas'il-la-re. Like 
a rod. B. lay'er of ret'ina, tunica Jacobi. 
Bacil'li (pl. of Bacillus). See Bacillus. B. acus'- 
tici, rods of Corti. B. ret'inse, rods of the retina. 
Bacillicide, bas-il'li-side (bacillus, csedo, to kill). 
Agents destructive of bacilli. 
Bacilliform, bas-il'li-form. Having shape of a rod; 
like a bacillus. 
Bacilliparous, bas-il-lip'ar-us (bacillus, pario, to be- 
get). Producing bacilli. 
Bacil'lo-tuberculo'sis. Tuberculosis has been so 
called, under the view that it is caused by bacilli. 
Bacil'lum (stick or staff). Expectorant; troche 
having shape of a stick ; suppository. B. escharot'- 
icum, caustic rod or pencil, as of silver nitrate. 
Bacillus (bas-il'lus, dim. of Baculus, a rod). Genus 
of Schizomycetes, ord. Bacteriacese; micro-organisms, 
consisting of cylindrical dr oval cells, which connect 
and form rods or cells; they always develop from a 
rod-shaped organism. The bacilli multiply by trans- 
verse division or by binary division and formation 
of endogenous spores; many of them are pathogenic, 
and some of them have been definitely ascertained to 
be the special causes of diseases. A brief mention is 
alone necessary of those bacilli, pathogenic and non- 
pathogenic, which have been thus far distinctively 
recognized. A table, to be minute and exact in all 
the known details of morphology, biological character- 
istics, pathogenesis, etc., would necessarily be very 
voluminous and gratify the bacteriologist only; while, 
if brief, it can present but an unsatisfactory amount 
of comparative information for either the bacteriol- 
ogist or the general reader. As bacteriology is in a 
transition state of investigation and development, 
some of the numerous bacilli mentioned will probably 
hereafter be found to be at least similar, if not identical. 
For information as to pathogenesis of bacilli, their cul- 
tivation, nutrient materials employed, etc., see Bacteria. 
Bacil'lus ace'ti (Kutz), acetic or vinegar ferment; see 
Mycoderma aceti. B. ac'idi lac'tici, B. causing fer- 
mentation of lactic acid (Hueppe); produces lactic 
acid in milk, precipitates the casein, and carbonic 
acid is formed; found in sour milk. B. acidifor'- 
mans, obtained by Sternberg (1888) from a piece 
of yellow-fever liver, and also from two post-mor- 
tems which were not cases of yellow fever; injected 
into abdominal cavity of rabbits and guinea-pigs, 
the bacilli are pathogenic; they are met with in 
the blood. B. of ac'ne contagio'sa, obtained from 
pus and scales from pustules of acne contagiosa 
of the horse. The discoverers (Dieckerhoff and 
Granitz, 1885) state that culture of this bacillus 
brought into thorough contact with the skin of 
horses, calves, sheep, and dogs gives rise to typical 
acne pustules. B. actinobac'ter (Duclaux), from 
milk exposed to air. B. aerog'enes (Miller), small 
bacillus found in normal contents of the intestines. 
B. a. capsula'tus, discovered by Welch in blood- 
vessels in a case of thoracic aneurism; injections 
made with culture of this bacillus into blood-ves- 
sels of rabbits did not produce any visible effect. B. 
aeroph'ilus (Liborius), found as an accidental con- 
tamination in bacterial cultivations; non-pathogenic. 
B. of Afanassiew (1887), found in expectoration and 
purulent matter from patients affected with whoop- 
ing cough; injections of pure cultures into the air- 
passages or parenchyma of the lungs in animals give 
rise to symptoms similar to those of whooping cough; 
at the post-mortem very numerous bacilli are found 
in the bronchial and nasal mucus. B. a'gilis cit'reus 
(Menge), obtained from an infusion of peas. B. al'- 
bus (Eisenberg), discovered in water; non-patho- 
genic. B. a. anaerobies'cens (Vaughan), found in 
water; non-pathogenic. B. a. cadav'eris (Strassman 
and Stricker, 1888), found in blood of two cadavers 
soon after death; a small quantity of a culture of this 
bacillus in a liquefied state injected subcutaneously 
caused death in mice in six hours; also fatal to 
guinea-pigs. B. a. pu'tidus (De Bary), found in water; 
when cultivated on gelatin this bacillus emits an of- 
fensive odor resembling that of manure; non-patho- 
genic. B. of allanti'asis, from tainted sausages; pro- 
duces putrefactive decomposition of blood-serum. B. 
allantoi'des (L. Klein), found as an accidental con- 
tamination in culture of B. megatherium; non-path- 
ogenic. B. al'lii (Griffiths) occurs superficially on 
putrefying onions; the cultures form sulphuretted 
hydrogen; non-pathogenic. B. al'vei, B. of foul- 
brood of bees (Cheshire, Watson-Cheyne, 1885); intro- 
duction of pure cultures of this bacillus into hives of 
bees gives rise to foul-brood; bees fed with food con- 
taining this bacillus also become infected. B. amylo- 
bac'ter, see B. butyricus. B. amylozy'ma (Perdrix, 
1891), found in hydrant-water of Paris. B. anaer- 
o'bicus liquefa'ciens (Sternberg), found in cultures 
from contents of intestine of yellow-fever cadaver; 
non-pathogenic. B. anth'racis (Pollender, 1849; Da- 
vaine, 1850), B. of splenic fever; found in blood of 
animals suffering from charbon, and in those who 
have died from charbon; pathogenic for mice, guinea- 
pigs, cattle, horses, sheep, and rabbits; see Anthrax. 
B. aquat'ilis (Frankland), discovered in water from 
a well at Kent, England; non-pathogenic. B. a. sul- 
ca'tus (Weichselbaum), five varieties of bacilli dis- 
covered in drinking water supplied to city of Vienna, BACILLUS 
Austria. B. arbores'cens (Frankland), discovered in 
the drinking water supplied to the city of London; 
non-pathogenic. B. argente'o-phosphores'cens, No. 
1 (Katz), found in sea-water at New South Wales; 
cultures on bouillon of this bacillus are phosphor- 
escent; non-pathogenic. No. 2, from phosphorescent 
fish; non-pathogenic. No. 3, from cuttlefish; non- 
pathogenic. B. a.-p. liquefa'ciens (Katz), found in 
sea-water at New South Wales; non-pathogenic. B. 
auranti'acus (Frankland), discovered in well-water. 
B. au'reus (Adametz), discovered in water; also in 
eczema seborrhceicum, superficially on the body. B. 
of Babes and Oprescu, found in hemorrhagic septi- 
caemia, resembling typhus exanthematicus. B. of 
Belfan'ti and Pascarola (1888), from suppurating 
wounds after tetanus; pathogenic for rabbits, guinea- 
pigs, mice, etc. B. beriber'icus (Lacerda), from 
blood, spinal cord, etc. of those affected with beri- 
beri; resembles B. anthracis. B. Berolinen'sis In'di- 
cus, discovered by Classen in the water of the river 
Spree; non-pathogenic. B. of blue milk, B. cyano- 
genus. B. of Book'er, B. a of Booker, pathogenic for 
mice and guinea-pigs. According to Booker, there are 
seven varieties of bacteria found in the excrement 
of children affected with cholera infantum, which he 
has classified into Bacilli of Booker, d, e, f, g, h, k, and 
n; all these bacilli (d-n) bear a strong resemblance 
to bacterium coli commune. B. of Bo'vet (1891), found 
in the intestine of a patient who had succumbed 
to an attack of enteritis with symptoms resembling 
cholera; injections into the peritoneum in guinea- 
pigs were followed by peritonitis, and proved fatal. 
B. bras'sicae (Pommer), from an infusion of cabbage- 
leaves; non-pathogenic. B., Brie'ger's, B. cavicida. 
B. brun'neus (Adametz), found in water. B. bucca'- 
lis fortu'itus (Vignal), found in the secretions of 
healthy salivary glands in man ; non-pathogenic. B. 
b. max'imus (Miller), found in the human mouth; 
non-pathogenic. B. b. minu'tus (Vignal), bacillus g 
of Vignal, found in the secretions of healthy salivary 
glands in man; non-pathogenic. B. butyl'icus, 
bacillus butyricus. B. butyr'icus (Prazmowski), B. 
causing butyric-acid fermentation; found in decom- 
posing vegetable infusions, old cheese, etc.; non- 
pathogenic. B. b. of Bot'kin, found in cultures from 
which the air was excluded, from milk, hydrant- and 
well-water, earth, and dust; non-pathogenic; resembles 
butyric-acid ferment of Perdrix. B. b. of Hueppe, 
B. found in imperfectly sterilized milk; non-patho- 
genic. B. cadav'eris, found by Sternberg (1889) in 
sections of liver and kidneys from yellow-fever 
cadavers; subcutaneous injections from the liver, in 
which these bacilli are contained, are followed by 
marked oedema, and are very pathogenic for guinea- 
pigs. B. canal'is capsula'tus (Mori, 1888), found 
in sewer-water. B. c. par'vus (Mori, 1888) found in 
sewer-water. B. can'dicans (Frankland), found in 
the soil; non-pathogenic. B. of Canestrini, non- 
pathogenic ; found in Italy in larvae and bees from 
hives which were infected. It has been demonstrated 
that pure cultures of this bacillus cause a disease of 
bees of an infectious character in localities in Italy. 
B. of Canon, and Pielicke, found by these two ob- 
servers in the blood of a number of patients suffer- 
ing from measles. The bacilli were also present in 
the nasal and conjunctival secretions of patients 
with the measles. B. capsula'tus (Pfeiffer, 1889), 
from the blood of a guinea-pig; inoculations prove 
fatal to white mice and house-mice in a few days; ba- 
cilli are present in the blood and all the organs. B. 
c. muco'sus (Fasching), found in secretions from the 
nose in influenza. B. c. pneumon'icus (Banti), in 
exudation from lungs of a person dying of peritonitis. 
B. cap'sule of Smith. (Theobald Smith), three kinds, 
similar to bacillus of Friedlander, have been procured 
from intestines of swine. B. carabifor'mis 
(Kaczynsky), found in the stomach of dogs fed on 
meat alone for several days; non-pathogenic. B. 
carota'rum (A. Koch), found in cooked carrots and 
sugar-beets. These bacilli cause blood-serum to 
liquefy, non-pathogenic. B. Caucas'icus (Kern), 
123 
BACILLUS 
from the ferment of Kefir. B. cav'i® fortu'itus 
(Sternberg), found in a guinea-pig which had been 
inoculated with the liver of a yellow-fever cadaver; 
non-pathogenic. B. cavici'da, Brieger's bacillus; 
found in feces and artificial products of decomposi- 
tion. Subcutaneous injections are very fatal to 
guinea-pigs (mice and rabbits frequently possess im- 
munity) ; bacilli are found in the blood; they re- 
semble bacterium coli commune. B. c. Havanien'sis, 
found by Sternberg (1889), in the intestinal contents 
of a yellow-fever cadaver, by inoculation of guinea- 
pigs. B. of Cazal and Vaillard, found in cheesy 
nodules situated on the peritoneum and pancreas. 
B. Chauvse'i, B. of sympathetic anthrax. B. of 
chol'era, spirillum cholera Asiatic®. B. of chol'era 
in ducks (Cornil and Toupet, 1888), from blood of 
ducks in Paris which had died of choleraic disease. 
B. chol'er® gallina'rum, B. of fowl-cholera (Pasteur, 
1881). Pathogenic micro-organism found in chickens 
and other animals suffering from infectious diseases, 
in putrefying flesh, etc.; inoculation of fowls pro- 
duces a stupefied and somnolent condition. At 
the post-mortem hemorrhagic enteritis of the duo- 
denum is found; bacilli are present in great numbers 
in the blood and organs. B. chro'mo-aroniat'icus, 
found by Galtier in a pig which had died from an 
infectious malady, in which broncho-pneumonia, 
pleurisy, enteritis, and swollen lymphatics coexisted. 
B. cir'culans (Jordan), found to be present sometimes 
in the water from the Merrimac River. These bacilli 
possess the power of gradually reducing nitrates into 
nitrites. B. cit'reus cadav'eris (Strassmann), dis- 
covered in venous blood in a cadaver after acci- 
dental death; non-pathogenic. B. clo'ac® (Jor- 
dan), very frequently found in sewage; reduces 
nitrates; non-pathogenic. B. coeru'leus (Smith), in 
water of Schuylkill River; non-pathogenic. B. co'll 
commu'nis (Escherich), supposed to be identical with 
Brieger's bacillus (B. cavicida); Emmerick's bacillus; 
from the blood and juice of various organs and the 
alvine discharges of cholera cadavers and cholera 
patients at Naples; introduced into the animal organ- 
ism of guinea-pigs, cats, and a man. B. c. sim'ilis 
(Sternberg), in human liver; non-pathogenic. B. Of 
Colomiatti, in xerotic masses in an infant and in 
some conjunctival affections; non-pathogenic. B., 
co'lon, B. coli communis. B., com'ma, spirillum 
choler® Asiatic®. B. of conjunctivitis (Weeks), 
very small bacillus, shorter than that of tuberculo- 
sis; produces acute conjunctivitis by inoculation. 
B. constrictus, found in water; non-pathogenic. B. 
copro'genes foet'idus (Schottelius, 1885), found in the 
intestine of swine suffering from hog-cholera. B. c. 
par'vus (Bienstock), in human feces. B. cras'sus 
sputig'enus (Kreibohm, 1886), in sputum and on the 
tongue; resembles bacillus pneumoni®; pathogenic. 
B. cuniculici'da (Koch), see Bacillus septicaemias 
haemorrhagicee. B. c. Havanien'sis (Sternberg, 1889), 
found in the intestinal contents of patients who had 
died from yellow fever. B. cuticula'ris (Fils), found 
in water; forms in milk a superficial yellow mem- 
brane, and an odor of sulphuretted hydrogen is 
emitted; non-pathogenic. B. cyan'eo-phosphores'- 
cens (Katz), from sea-water, New South Wales; closely 
allied to bacillus phosphorescens of Fischer. B. 
cy'ano-fus'cus (Beyerinck), found in glue and size 
and Edam cheese. " B. cyano'genus (Hueppe), B. of 
blue milk, found in milk; non-pathogenic; produces 
a blue pigment. B. cystifor'mis (Clado), found in 
the urine in a case of cystitis; non-pathogenic. 
B. of Dan'tec (1891), non-pathogenic bacillus found 
in salted codfish; it gives to codfish a red color. B. 
delicat'ulus (Gerdan), in the water supplied to the 
city of Lawrence, Massachusetts; reduces nitrates 
to nitrites; non-pathogenic. B. of Dem'me (1888), 
contained in tumors and pustules, and also in 
the blood of individuals affected with erythema 
nodosum. B. deni'trificans (Giltay and Aberson), 
found in sewage, soil, and air; possesses power 
of decomposing nitrates. B. denta'lis vir'idans, 
in carious dentine (Miller). B. devo'rans (Zimmer- BACILLUS 
mann), found in well-water; non-pathogenic. B. dif- 
fu/sus (Frankland), in the soil; non-pathogenic. B. 
diphthe'riae or diphtherit'icus (Klebs, 1883; Loeffler, 
1884), bacillus found in diphtheritic membranes. 
Brought into contact with the trachea of chickens, 
pigeons, and rabbits, it produces false membranes. 
Subcutaneous inoculations prove fatal to guinea-pigs 
and small birds in a few days; hemorrhagic infiltra- 
tions of the subcutaneous tissue and pleural cavities 
are present. B. d. columba'rum (Loeffler, 1884), in 
diphtheritic false membranes in pigeons which had 
succumbed to diphtheria existing in certain localities 
in Germany among pigeons, and also among chick- 
ens. B. d. vitulo'rum (Loeffler, 1884), long bacillus 
obtained from exudation of false membrane in the 
oral cavity of calves having infectious diphtheria; 
pathogenic for mice, but not for rabbits or guinea- 
pigs. B. dyso'des (Zopf), in bread, giving it a strong 
smell. B., Em'merich's, B. coli communis. B. endo- 
cardi'tidis capsula'tus (Weichselbaum, 1888), from 
spleen of case of endocarditis. B. e. gris'eus (Weich- 
selbaum, 1888), from a case of ulcerative endocarditis; 
pathogenic for white mice and guinea-pigs. B. ente- 
rit'idis (Gartner, 1888), from a cow dead from mucous 
diarrhoea, and from spleen of a man who died from 
eating its flesh. B. epiderm'idis (Brizzozero), Lep- 
tothrix epidermidis; non-pathogenic; found in epi- 
dermis of the interdigital spaces of the foot. B. 
erysipel'atos su'is (Loeffler, Schutz, 1885), B. of hog- 
erysipelas, with which B. of mouse septicaemia 
(Koch, 1878) is identical; found in the blood and 
organs of swine, victims to hog-erysipelas in Ger- 
many ; pathogenic for swine, rabbits, pigeons, spar- 
rows, etc. B. erythros'porus (Eidam), non-patho- 
genic bacillus found in water, in decomposing alka- 
loids, as putrefying flesh, etc. B. fig'urans (Vaughan), 
from water; non-pathogenic. Also name of one de- 
scribed by Crookshank, identical with B. mesentericus 
vulgatus; also by Fliigge, in garden earth. B. fili- 
for'mis (Tils), non-pathogenic; found in water. B. 
f. Havanien'sis (Sternberg), non-pathogenic bacillus 
from yellow-fever liver. B. of Fiocca, found in saliva 
of cats and dogs. B. Fitzia'nus (Zopf), found in hay 
infusion; probably identical with B. subtilis. B. fla- 
ves'cens (Pohl, 1892), from swamp-water; its import- 
ance is not yet determined. B. flavocoria'ceus 
(Eisenberg), small sulphur-yellow bacillus of Adam- 
etz; non-pathogenic. B., flesh'-colored (Tils), non- 
pathogenic, forming flesh-colored pigment. B. floc'- 
cus (Warington), from garden soil. B. fluores'cens 
(Becker, Sclirbter), from water and pus; forms pig- 
ment pyocyamin. B. f. au'reus (Zimmermann), short, 
non-pathogenic bacillus found in water. B. f. lique- 
fa'ciens, frequently found in water and in putrefying 
infusions. B. f. 1. minutis'simus (Unna and Tomma- 
soli), non-pathogenous, found in eczema seborrhce- 
icum. B. f. lon'gus (Zimmermann), non-pathogenic 
bacillus found in water. B. f. niva'lis (Schmolck), 
non-pathQgenic bacillus found in water and snow of 
Norway. B. f. non-liquefa'ciens, non-pathogenic ba- 
cillus found in water. B. f. pu'tidus (Fliigge), non- 
pathogenic bacillus found in water, in putrefying flesh, 
etc. B. f. ten'uis (Zimmermann), non-pathogenic ba- 
cillus found in water. B. foet'idus, from exudation 
of profuse sweating of feet; cultivations have that 
odor. B. f. ozae'nae, bacillus from nasal discharges 
of ozaena; pathogenic for mice. B. of foul-brood, 
bacillus alvei. B. of fowl-chol'era, B. cholera gallina- 
rum. B. of FriedTander or B. pneumo'niae, pneumo- 
coccus obtained from the exudation poured into the 
alveoli of the lungs in croupous pneumonia. It is, 
however, present in only a small proportion of cases; 
pathogenic for mice and guinea-pigs. B. of Fulles, 
two have been described, both aerobic and non-liquefy- 
ing ; found in the soil. B. ful'vus (Zimmermann), non- 
pathogenic bacillus found in water. B. fus'cus 
(Zimmermann), non-pathogenic bacillus found in 
water. B. f. limba'tus (Scheibenzuber), non-patho- 
genic bacillus from rotten eggs. B. gallina'rum 
(Klein, 1889), B. from disease similar to fowl-cholera. 
B. gasofor'mans (Eisenberg), small bacillus found in 
124 
BACILLUS 
water; non-pathogenic. B. genicula'tus (DeBary), 
found in the stomach. B. of Gess'ner, found in nor- 
mal contents of human intestine; it is similar to the 
bacillus lactis aerogenes. B. gingi'vae pyo'genes 
(Miller), found in alveolar abscess and secretions of a 
foul mouth. B. of Giovanni'ni, see B. of purpura 
hsemorrhagica of Tizzoni. B. of glan'ders, bacillus 
mallei. B. glau'cus (Maschek), non-pathogenic ba- 
cillus, forming a gray pigment; found in water. B. 
glyceri'nse, bacillus Fitzianus. B. gra'cilis (Zimmer- 
mann), found in water; non-pathogenic. B. g. anae- 
robies'cens (Vaughan), from water; non-pathogenic. 
B. g. cadav'eris (Sternberg, 1889), from a section of 
human liver. B. Jgranulo'sus (Russell, 1891), from 
mud in Gulf of Naples. B. grave'olens (Bordoni-Uf- 
freduzzi), found in the epidermis between human toes; 
non-pathogenic. B. of green pus, B. pyocyanus. 
B. of grouse disease (Klein, 1889), from epidemic 
disease in the grouse. B. of Guillebeau, three forms 
were obtained by him from milk of cows suffering 
from inflamed breasts. B. gutta'tus (Zimmermann), 
found in water; non-pathogenic. B. haloph'ilus 
(Russell, 1891), from water and mud of Gulf of Na- 
ples. B. Havaniensis (Sternberg), short oval bacillus; 
aerobic and chromogenic. B. H. liquefa'ciens (Stern- 
berg), from external surface of patients at Charity 
Hospital at New Orleans. B. hel'volus (Zimmer- 
mann), non-pathogenic bacillus found in water. B. 
heminecrobioph'ilus (Arloing, 1889), B. found in 
caseation of a lymphatic gland in a guinea-pig. B. 
hepat'icus fortu'itus (Sternberg), similar to bacillus 
coli communis in shape, etc.; non-pathogenic; from 
liver of patient dead from yellow fever. B. Hes'sii 
(Guillebeau), from milk of a cow. B. of hog-cholera 
(Klein, 1884; Salmon and Smith, 1885), found in the 
blood and tissues and in the intestinal contents of 
hogs affected with cholera; lasting for months with- 
out drying up; pathogenic for swine, rabbits, mice, 
guinea-pigs, and pigeons. B. hyacin'thi sep'ticus 
(Heinz), non-pathogenic bacillus found in decaying 
hyacinths. B. hyali'nus (Jordan), non-pathogenic. 
B. hydoph'ilus fus'cus (Sanarelli, 1891), from infec- 
tious disease of hogs. B. ianthi'nus, B. janthinus. 
B. implex'us (Zimmermann), found in water; non- 
pathogenic. B. inca'nus (Pohl), from swamp-water; 
its importance is not yet established. B. In'dicus or 
I. ru'ber (Koch), non-pathogenic bacillus found in 
intestinal contents of a monkey. B. indigo'genus 
(Alvarez, 1887), B. from leaves of indigo; pathogenic 
to guinea-pigs. B. infla'tus (A. Koch), non-pathogenic 
bacillus found as an impurity in the air. B. of in- 
fluen'za (Pfeiffer and Canon, 1892), thought to be the 
specific cause of influenza. It was discovered in the 
purulent secretion from the bronchi in epidemic influ- 
enza, and in the blood of those attacked with the latter. 
B. of intes'tinal diphthe'ria in rab'bits (Ribbert, 
1887), bacillus from diphtheritic inflammation of the 
intestines. Produces in rabbits and guinea-pigs diph- 
theritic ulceration of small intestine, the bacillus being 
found in the blood, liver, and spleen. B. intesti'ni 
(Klein), from large intestine of a diarrhceic rabbit. B. 
intesti'nus mo'tilis (Sternberg), non-pathogenic; from 
intestines of those dead from yellow fever. B. inunc'- 
tus (Pohl), from swamp-water; its importance is not 
determined. B. invisib'ilis (Vaughan), from water; 
non-pathogenic. B. i'ris (Frick), small non-patho- 
genic bacillus. B. janthi'nus (Zopf), violet bacillus, 
non-pathogenic, found in water and sewage. B. of 
Jef'fries, similar to B. coli communis and B. lactis 
aerogenes; from fecal discharges of summer diarrhoea. 
B., jequir'ity (Sattler), from infusion of jequirity. B. 
of Kartulis (Koch, 1883, Kartulis), similar to B. mu- 
risepticus; from secretions of infectious catarrhal con- 
junctivitis. B. Kaukas'icus, B. Caucasicus. B. of 
Koubasoff (1889), procured from affected part in a 
case of cancer of the stomach. B. lateric'eus (Eisen- 
berg), non-pathogenic; found in water. B. lac'ticus, 
B. acidi lactici. B. lac'tis aero'genes (Escherich, 
1886), from intestines and feces of children and cows 
fed upon milk. B. 1. al'bus (Loeffler), found in milk ; 
non-pathogenic. B. 1. erythro'genes (Hueppe), B. of BACILLUS 
red milk ; non-pathogenic; found in red milk and in 
the feces. B. 1. pituito'si, non-pathogenic bacillus 
found in milk. B. of La'ser (1892), from epidemic 
disease of mice; pathogenic for guinea-pigs, rabbits, 
pigeons, etc. B. leioder'mos, B. liodermos. B. lep'- 
oris letha'lis (Gibier, 1888), so named by Sternberg; 
from fecal matter of yellow-fever cases. B. lep'rae 
(Hansen, 1879), B. of leprosy. It was found in various 
organs in leprous conditions, especially in the cells. 
It resembles the bacillus tuberculosis. B. of lep'rosy, 
B. leprae. B. leptospozrus (L. Klein), similar to B. 
subtilis, found accidentally in the air; non-malignant. 
B. of Lesage (1887), from discharges of green diar- 
rhoea. B. of Letzerich (1887), from urine in primary 
interstitial nephritis. B. limba'tus ac'idi lac'tici 
(Marpmann), non-pathogenic bacillus found in fresh 
milk. B. limo'sus (Bussell, 1891), found in mud of 
Gulf of Naples. B. lioder'mos (Loeffler), found in milk; 
similar to B. mesentericus vulgatus; non-pathogenic. 
B. llquefa'ciens (Eisenberg), found in water; non- 
pathogenic. B. 1. commu'nis (Sternberg), from feces 
of yellow-fever patients; non-pathogenic. B. 1. inagz- 
nus (Luderitz), bacilli in garden soil; non-pathogenic. 
B. 1. par'vus (Luderitz), bacilli in garden soil; non- 
pathogenic. B. liq'uidus (Frankland), non-patho- 
genic bacillus found in Thames Biver water; powerful 
reducing power over aqueous solution of nitrate. B. 
litora'lis (Bussell, 1891), found in mud of Gulf of 
Naples. B. liv'idus (Plagge and Proskauer), non- 
pathogenic ; found in water of Berlin. B. of Loeb, 
somewhat similar to B. capsulatus of Pfeiffer, from 
case of keratomalacia infantum; pathogenic for 
mice and guinea-pigs. B. of Lucet (1891), similar to, 
and perhaps identical with, B. gallinarum (Klein); 
found in the epizootic dysentery of chickens and tur- 
keys ;■ pathogenic to chickens and turkeys only. B. 
of Lum'nitzer (1888), found in sputa of putrid bron- 
chitis ; pathogenic to rabbits. B. of Lust'garten, B. 
of syphilis. B. lu'tens su'is (Salmon Smith), from 
fluids of pericardial or peritoneal cavities of swine. 
B. ma'idis (Cuboni), non-pathogenic; found in corn 
soaked in water, and in the feces of pellagric patients, 
but not proved to be the cause of pellagra. B. mala'- 
rise (Klebs and Tommasi-Crudeli, 1879), micro-ogan- 
ism discovered near Borne, Italy, by them, but proven 
by later investigations not to be an etiological factor 
in the production of malarial fevers. B. of malig'- 
nant oede'ma, B. cedematis maligni. B. mal'lei (Loef- 
fler and Schutz, 1882), B. of glanders, found in the 
discharges and blood of animals so infected; resembles 
B. tuberculosis in appearance; genuine glanders is 
produced in animals by the injection of pure cultures 
of this bacillus. B. mari'nus (Bussell), spirillum mari- 
num. B. Marti'nez (Sternberg), found in liver of a pa- 
tient dead from yellow fever. B. may'dis, B. maidis. 
B. of meas'les, see Bacillus of Canon and Pielicke. B. 
megathe'rium (DeBary), non-pathogenic; found on 
boiled cabbage-leaves. B. melittoph'thorus, B. alvei. 
B. membrana'ceus amethys'tinus, non-pathogenic, 
forming a violet pigment; found in well-water. B. 
meningitidis purulen'tse (Neumann and Schaffer, 
1887), pathogenic; found in a case of purulent menin- 
gitis purulent inflammation when injected 
in guinea-pigs, white mice, rabbits, etc. B. mesenter'- 
icus fus'cus (Fliigge); non-pathogenic ; found in at- 
mospheric air, water, potassa. etc. B. m. ru/ber, non- 
pathogenic, forming yellowish or pink pigment; 
found on potatoes. B. m. vulga'tus, potato bacillus; 
non-pathogenic; found on potatoes, in milk, in water, 
and in the alimentary canal. B. mirab'ilis, proteus 
mirabilis. B. of mouse septicse'mla, identical with 
B. erysipelatos suis (which see). B. multipedic'ulus 
(Fliigge), found in the atmosphere and in water. B. 
murisep'tlcus (Koch), in putrefying fluids; produces 
fatal septicaemia in mice and sparrows; see Bacillus 
erysipelatos suis. B. m. pleomor'phus, see Proteus of 
Karlinski. B. muscoi'des (Liborius), non-pathogenic; 
found in soil, old cheese, and feces of cattle, and 
sometimes with bacillus cedematis maligni. B. mycoi'- 
des (Fliigge), non-pathogenic; found in the soil and 
in water; see Bacillus figurans. B. m. ro'seus (Scholl), 
125 
BACILLUS 
non-pathogenic, forming a red pigment; found in the 
soil. B. Neapolita/nus, B. coli communis. B. necroph'- 
orus (Loeffler, 1884), found in rabbits inoculated with 
condyloma; pathogenic for rabbits and white mice. 
B., nitrifying (Winogradsky), small bacillus obtained 
from the soil; its characteristics are not fully de- 
termined. B. of No'card (1888), aerobic bacillus first 
discovered in pus of abscesses in cattle consequent 
upon a chronic infectious disease-farcinia; when in- 
jected into some animals, as the guinea-pig, symp- 
toms occur almost similar to those of miliary tuber- 
culosis. B. nodo'sus par'vus (Lustgarten), non- 
pathogenic ; found in the normal urethra. B. nu'bi- 
lus (Frankland), non-pathogenic; found in water. 
B. ochra'ceus (Zimmermann), non-pathogenic, pro- 
ducing a yellow pigment; found in water. B. oedem-' 
atis aero'bicus (Klein), B. found in malignant 
oedema; pathogenic for guinea-pigs, rabbits, and white 
mice. B. ce. malig'ni (Pasteur, 1877), B. of malig- 
nant oedema; found in soil, in foul water, putrefac- 
tive matters, etc.; pathogenic for man and other ani- 
mals, producing progressive emphysematous gangrene. 
B. of Oka'da (1891), found in floor-dust; pathogenic 
to guinea-pigs and rabbits. B. of Oprescu, see B. of 
Babes. B. ova'tus minutis'simus (Unna), non-patho- 
genic; found in cases of eczema seborrhoeicum. B. 
oxyto'cus pernicio'sus (Wyssokowitsch), from stale 
milk; pathogenic to rabbits in large doses, producing 
fatal enteritis. B. par'vus ova'tus (Loeffler), B. of 
swine plague. B. of Pascoro'la, B. of Belfanti. B. 
of Pasteur or Pasteuria'nus, Urobacillus Pasteuri ; see 
B. aceti. B. pes'tifer (Frankland), non-pathogenic; 
found in the atmosphere. B. phosphores'cens gel'- 
idus (Forster), non-pathogenic; found in phosphor- 
escent fish. B. p. In'dicus (Fischer), non-pathogenic ; 
found in sea-water in West Indies. B. p. indig'enus 
(Fischer), non-pathogenic; found in sea-water. B. of 
Pielicke, see B. of Canon. B. plica'tus (Zimmer- 
mann), non-pathogenic, producing a yellow pigment; 
found in water. B. pneumo'nise, B. of Friedlander. 
B. pneumon'icus a'gilis (Schon), produces pneumonia 
in rabbits. B. pneumosep'ticus (Babes, 1889), found 
in a case of septic pneumonia; pathogenic and fatal 
to rabbits, guinea-pigs, and mice. B. polypifor'mis 
(Liborius), non-pathogenic; obtained from soil by 
inoculation, and from excrement of cattle; often ac- 
companies B. cedematis maligni. B. of pota'to-rot, 
(Kramer, 1891), from potatoes affected with wet rot. 
B. prodigio'sus, non-pathogenic, producing a red pig- 
ment. B., pseu'do-diphtherit'ic, non-pathogenic ba- 
cillus resembling B. diphtherias; found in non-dipth- 
theritic affections of the throat. B. pseudo-pneumon'- 
icus, in abscesses in man; resembles B. of Friedlander. 
B. pseudo-tuberculo'sis (Pfeiffer, 1889), from tissues of 
horse with supposed symptoms of glanders. B. pul'- 
pse pyo'genes, from gangrenous pulp of a tooth. B. 
puncta'tus (Zimmermann), non-pathogenic; found in 
water. B. of pur'pura haemorrha'gica of Babes (1890), 
found in case of that disease with septicaemia; patho- 
genic for mice. B. of p. h. of Kolb (1891), found in 
cases of purpura and fever; pathogenic for rabbits 
and mice. B. of p. h. (Lizzoni and Giovannini, 1889), 
found in some cases of purpura haemorrhagica; patho- 
genic for dogs, rabbits, and guinea-pigs. B. putrif'- 
icus co'li (Bienstock), non-pathogenic;'found in 
human feces. B. pyocy'anus (Gessard, 1882), B. of 
green pus; found in that fluid in purulent discharges 
from wounds, etc.; pathogenic for guinea-pigs and 
rabbits. B. pyocy'anus fl (Ernst), non-pathogenic, 
forming green pigment; found in pus. B. pyo'genes 
fcet'idus (Passet, 1885), derived from fetid anal ab- 
scess. B. p. so'li, derived from garden soil by inoc- 
ulation in a rat. B. radia'tus (Liideritz), non-patho- 
genic; obtained from garden soil by inoculation of 
mice, etc. B. r. aquat'ilis (Zimmermann), non-patho- 
genic ; found in water. B. ramo'sus, Wurtzel bacil- 
lus ; non-pathogenic; found in the soil and in water. 
B. of Rausch'brand, B. of sympathetic anthrax. B. 
reticula'ris (Jordan), non-pathogenic; found in water. 
B. of rhinosclero'ma (Von Frisch, 1882), found in 
the fresh formations of this disease, in the lym- BACILLUS 
phatics and in the tissues affected by it. B. rosa'- 
ceum metallo'i'des (Dowdeswell), aerobic bacillus, 
producing a red pigment. B. of Roth (1890), several 
bacilli were discovered by him; one, similar to B. 
coli communis, pathogenic for rabbits and guinea- 
pigs ; the other from old rags, pathogenic for the same 
animals. B. rubefa'ciens (Zimmermann), non-patho- 
genic ; producing a light-pink pigment. B. rubel'- 
lus (Okada, 1892), non-pathogenic; from dust, by in- 
oculation in guinea-pigs. B. ru'ber In'dicus, see 
Bacillus Indicus ruber. B. rubes'cens (Jordan), non- 
pathogenic ; producing a light-pink pigment; found 
in sewage. B. ru'bidus (Eisenberg), non-pathogenic; 
producing a reddish-brown pigment; found in water. 
B. saliva'rius sep'ticus (Biondi), micrococcus pneu- 
monise crouposae. B. san'guinis ty'phl (Brannan and 
Cheeseman, 1892), B. of the blood of typhus fever. 
B. sapro'genes (Bosenbach, 1884), found in secretion 
of badly-sweating feet and other foul secretions; 
pathogenic to rabbits. B. scarlati'nae (Edington), in 
blood of scarlatina. B. Schaffer! (Freudenreich), 
found in cheese and potato in a state of fermentation. 
B. of Scheurlen, non-pathogenic ; found in cancer, on 
healthy skin and mammae, etc. B. of Schimmel- 
busch (1889), found in necrosed portion of cancrum 
oris; caused abscesses when injected into rabbits. B. 
of Schon (1885), found in rabbits in pneumonia, oc- 
curring after section of vagus nerve, and in normal 
secretions of the mouth of the same class of animals; 
pathogenic to rabbits. B. of Schiitzenberg, uroba- 
cillus Schiitzenbergii. B. septicae'mise haemorrha''- 
gicae, B. choleras gallinarum. B. of septicae'mia 
of mice, B. murisepticus. B. sep'ticus acumina'tus 
(Babes, 1889), found in an infant a few days old, 
dead from septicaemia; pathogenic for rabbits and 
guinea-pigs. B. s. agrig'enus (Nicolaier), found in 
fertilized soil; is similar to B. of fowl-cholera and 
that of rabbit septicaemia; pathogenic to rabbits. B. 
s. keratomala'ciae (Babes, 1889), found in case of 
septicaemia after keratomalacia; pathogenic for rab- 
bits and mice. B. s. sputig'enus (Frankel), micro- 
coccus pneumoniae crouposae. B. s. ul'ceris gangrae- 
no'si (Babes, 1889), found in a fatal case of septi- 
caemia; pathogenic for mice and guinea-pigs. B. s. 
vesi'cae (Clado, 1887), found in the urine in cystitis; 
pathogenic for mice, rabbits, and guinea-pigs. B. 
ses'silis (L. Klein), non-pathogenic ; found in blood 
of a cow dead, probably, from anthrax. B. smarag- 
di'no-phosphores'cens (Katz), non-pathogenic; found 
in a herring. B. smaragdi'nus foet'idus (Reimann, 
1887), B. from discharges from the nose in ozaena; 
pathogenic and fatal to rabbits. B. of Smith, see B. 
capsule of Smith. B. sol'idus (Liideritz), nou-patho- 
genic; obtained from garden soil by inoculation. B. 
spinif'erus (Unna), non-pathogenic; producing yel- 
low pigment; found in cases of eczema seborrhceicum. 
B. spino'sus (Liideritz), non-pathogenic; from gar- 
den soil by inoculation of mice, etc. B. of sponta'- 
neous rab'bit septicae'mia (Eberth), form of B. pro- 
ven to be identical with B. of swine-plague of Mar- 
seilles (which see). B. stolona'tus (Adametz), non- 
pathogenic; found in water. B. stolonif'erus (Pohl, 
1892), from water of swamps. B. stria'tus al'bus 
(Von Besser), non-pathogenic ; found in normal mu- 
cus from the nose. B. s. fla'vus (Von Besser), non- 
pathogenic ; producing a yellow pigment; found in 
mucus of the nose. B. sub fla'vus (Zimmermann), 
non-pathogenic; producing a yellow pigment; found 
in water. B. sub'tills (Ehrenberg), hay bacillus, in 
infusions of dried grasses; non-pathogenic; found in 
water, the soil, hay, etc. B. s. sim'ilis (Sternberg), 
non-pathogenic ; found in cultures from liver of yel- 
low-fever patient. B. s. slm'ulans (Bienstock), two 
bacilli are described under this name, both found in 
human feces and non-pathogenic. B. sulfu'reum 
(Holschewnikoff), non-pathogenic; producing red- 
dish-brown pigment. B. sulfu'reus (Lindenborn), 
non-pathogenic; found in water. B. superficia'lis 
(Jordan), non-pathogenic; found in sewage. B. of 
swine-plague (Klein, 1884), B. of hog-cholera. B. of 
s. p. of Marseilles (Rietsch and Jobert), B. of ferret 
126 
BACILLUS 
disease; B. of spontaneous rabbit septicaemia; these 
have been proven to be identical. B. of sympto- 
matic an'thrax (Bollinger and Feser, 1878), found in 
the tissues of cattle suffering from this disease; patho- 
genic to cattle and guinea-pigs; resembles B. oede- 
matis maligni. B. of syphilis (Lustgarten, 1884), 
found in various lesions of syphilis and discharges 
from syphilitic ulcers, but not yet established 
definitely as pathogenic of that disease. B. syxan' 
thus, in yellow milk. B. tardecres'cens (Waring- 
ton), from solution of nitrified ammonium carbonate. 
B. ten'uis sputig'enus (Pansini, 1890), derived from 
sputa; pathogenic for rabbits and white rats. B. 
ter'mo (Vignal), non-pathogenic; found in normal 
saliva; see Bacterium termo. B. tet'ani, B. of tetanus; 
in garden earth; produced tetanus in mice and rab- 
bits by subcutaneous injection of street soil. Toxic 
substance, called tetanin, was obtained by Brieger in 
1886, fatal, with tetanic symptoms, when injected into 
small animals. B. tetani is undoubtedly the cause 
of the infection of tetanus. B. thalassoph'ilus (Rus- 
sell, 1891), found in deep mud of Gulf of Naples. 
B. thermoph'ilis (Miguel), non-pathogenic; found in 
sausage, the soil, and in the alimentary canal. B. of 
Tizzo'ni, see B. of purpura heemorrhagica. B. of Tom- 
maso'li (1889), found in the hair in a case of sycosis. 
B. torulifor'mis (Warington), from garden soil. B. 
tremelloi'des (Schottelius), non-pathogenic, produ- 
cing a yellow pigment; found in water. B. of Tri- 
co'mi (1886), found in a case of senile gangrene; 
pathogenic to rabbits and guinea-pigs. B. tubercu- 
lo'sis, discovered by Koch of Berlin in 1882, in sputa 
of patients with pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis, 
in tuberculous cavities, joints, and bones, and glands in 
lupus; it is in form of a rod with rounded extremities. 
It grows at a temperature of about 98° F.; it is 
strictly a parasite. Koch, its discoverer, found in 
cultures of this bacillus a toxine to which the name 
tuberculin was given, which is soluble in water and 
glycerin, and which, injected into tuberculous ani- 
mals, has been supposed to give a possible immunity 
against tuberculosis; its importance, when used in 
cases of tubercular disease in man, except as a means 
of diagnosis, has not yet been determined. Tubercu- 
losis usually results in man from inhalation of air in 
which the bacillus tuberculosis is present by one sus- 
ceptible to its influence, as in the dried sputum of 
that disease, in which sputum its pathogenic properties 
may be lying dormant for weeks or months. B. t. 
gallina'rum (Maffucci, 1889), B. of tuberculosis in 
chickens, very similar to that of tuberculosis in man, 
but entirely distinct. B. tumes'cens (Zopf), non- 
pathogenic; found on beets. B. tus'sis convulsi'va 
(Afanasjeff), in sputa in whooping cough. B. ty'phi 
abdomina'lis, B. of typhoid fever, discovered by 
Eberth in 1880 ; it produces death when injected into 
the rabbit and the mouse, but not the characteristic 
symptoms of typhoid fever. It also has been found in 
alvine dejecta and in the spleen, liver, mesenteric and 
other intestinal glands, and kidneys in fatal cases, 
but only in rare cases in the blood of typhoid-fever 
patients. It is the only micro-organism found in the 
internal organs in such cases; it is not putrefactive. 
B. t. mu'rium (Loeffler, 1889), found in mice which 
had died from epidemic disease. B. typho'sus, 
B. typhi abdominalis. B. ty'phus, B. typhi abdom- 
inalis. B. ubiq'uitus (Jordan), found in sewage. B. 
ul'na (Cohn), non-pathogenic; found in solution of 
egg-albumin. B. u. of Vlg'nal, non-pathogenic; found 
in normal saliva. B. ure'se (Leube), in stale urine. 
B. of Utpadel (1887), found in contents of small in- 
testine ; produces inflammation and oedema and death 
in mice, cats, and guinea-pigs. B. vacuolo'sis (Stern- 
berg, 1888), noticed in cultures from the digestive 
canal of yellow-fever patients. B. varico'sus con- 
juncti'vse (Gombert, 1889), found in normal con- 
junctival sac. B. veneno'sus (Vaughan), from water. 
B. v. bre'vis (Vaughan), from water. B. v. invisib'- 
ilis (Vaughan), from water. B. v. liquefa'ciens 
(Vaughan), from water. B. ventric'uli (Raczynssky), 
non-pathogenic; found in stomach of dog fed on meat. BACK 1 
B. vermicula'ris (Frankland), non-pathogenic; found 
in river-water. B. vermiculo'sus (Zimmermann), 
non-pathogenic; found in water. B. of Vig'nal, fl, 
non-pathogenic; found in normal secretions of the 
mouth. B. of Vig'nal, f, non-pathogenic; found in 
normal saliva. B. of Vil'lard, see Bacillus of Cazal. 
B. viola'ceus (Frankland), non-pathogenic; forming 
a violet pigment; found in river-water; powerful 
reducer of nitrates to nitrites. B. v. Lauren'tius 
(Jordan), non-pathogenic; forming a violet pigment. 
B., vi'olet, B. janthinus. B. vires'cens (Frick), non- 
pathogenic; found in sputum; forms a green pig- 
ment. B. virg'ula, B. of cholera. B. vir'idis pal- 
les'cens (Frick), non-pathogenic; produces a light- 
blue pigment. B. visco'sus (Frankland), non-path- 
ogenic; forms a green pigment; found in river- 
water. B. vulga'ris, proteus vulgaris. B. of Wild- 
seuche (Loeffler), probably identical with bacillus 
cuniculicidus. B. of Winograd'sky, B., nitrifying. B. 
Wurt'zel, B. ramosus. B. Zenk'erl, proteus Zenkeri. 
Back. Dorsum; posterior portion of an organ, 
bone, etc. B. draught, whoop of whooping cough. 
B. friend, hangnail. B. sprent, vertebral column. 
B. stroke of heart, diastolic impulse. 
Back'ache root. Liatris. 
Back'bone. Vertebral column. 
Back'set. Relapse. 
Ba'cony disease. See Larclaceous. 
Ba'core. Musa sapientum. 
Baco'pa. Species of scrophulariaceous plants of 
Brazil, used in external application to burns. 
Bacte'ria (pl. of Bacte'rium, bakterion, small stick). 
Genus of Schizomycetes, embracing microscopic organ- 
isms formerly classed among the infusoria, but now re- 
garded as belonging to the vegetable kingdom. Ac- 
cording to Cohn, the characters of this genus ■were: 
cells cylindrical or elliptical, free or united in pairs 
during their division, rarely in fours, never in chains, 
sometimes in zoogloea (Sternberg). This genus has 
now been almost entirely abandoned, and rod-forms 
are now generally included under bacillus. 
The germ theory is not of recent study by any 
means, but originated almost 250 years ago. Tn modern 
times the researches of such eminent bacteriologists 
as Koch, Pasteur, Lister, etc. have given a great im- 
petus to the study of bacteriology and have demon- 
strated the great etiological importance of these 
micro-organisms, leading to radical changes in the field 
of surgery. Previous to the introduction of antiseptic 
surgery by Lister the mortality in European hospitals 
after operations was of an exceedingly high rate, the 
slightest operations being followed by hospital gan- 
grene, pyaemia, etc. Since the evolution of surgery 
the death-rate has been greatly reduced. 
The proper division of bacteria into genera and 
species is still in an unsettled condition, and attended 
with great difficulty up to the present time. Accord- 
ing to Nageli, a German botanist, the bacteria should 
be classed among fungi. He divides the bacteria 
which produce the decomposition of organic sub- 
stances into- 
1. Mucorini, or mould fungi; 
2. Saccharomycetes, budding fungi or yeasts; 
3. Schizomycetes, or fission fungi. 
Another division, by Zopf, divides the bacteria or 
schizomycetes into groups, as follows: 
Genera. 
127 
BACTERIA 
3. Leptotricheae. 
Spherical, rod- 
shaped, and fila- 
mentous forms; the 
last show a differ- 
ence between the 
two extremities; 
filaments straight 
or spiral; spore 
formation not 
known. 
Crenothrix. Threads articulated; 
cells sulphurless; habitat water. 
Beggiatoa. Threads inarticulated; 
cells with sulphur granules ; habi- 
tat water. 
Phragmidiothrix. Threads joint- 
less ; successive subdivision of cells 
is continuous; cells sulphurless; 
habitat water. 
Leptothrix. Threads articulated or 
unarticulated; successive subdi- 
visions of cells not continuous; 
cells sulphurless. 
4. Cladotriche®. 
Spherical, rod- 
shaped, filamen- 
tous, and spiral 
forms; the fila- 
mentous form pre- 
s e n t s pseudo- 
branches; spore 
formation not 
known. 
Cladothrix. 
Baumgarten's classification divides the bacteria 
into two groups: 
Group I. Monomorphic, which includes the following gen- 
era : Micrococci, Bacilli, Spirilla. 
Group II. Pleomorphic, which includes the following gen- 
era : Spirulina, Leptothrix, Cladothrix. 
The cocci, in Baumgarten's classification, constitute 
a single genus, with the following five subgenera: 
1. Diplococcus; 
2. Streptococcus; 
3. Merismopedia (Zopf), Merista (Hueppe); 
4. Sarcina (Goodsir); 
5. Micrococcus (staphylococcus). 
The classification usually adopted is that of Cohn : 
' Sphserobacteria (glob- 
ular cells», 
Microbacteria or Bac- 
teria proper (small, 
rod-like cells), 
Desmobacteria o r 
Filobacteria (larger 
rod-like or thread- 
like cells), 
Spirobacteria (twisted 
or spiral cells), 
f Micrococcus. 
1 Sarcina. 
Bacterium. 
Schizomy- 
cetes or 
Bacteria, 
Bacillus (straight). 
Vibrio (wavy). 
Spirochaeta (long, flex- 
ible, close-wound 
spirals). 
Spirillum (short, stiff, 
open spirals). 
Bacteria may be grouped together according to the 
changes produced in the media in which they grow. 
We may thus have pigment-forming or chromogenic, 
fermentative, putrefactive, and pathogenic bacteria. 
Chromogenic bacteria form, while growing, definite color 
stuffs. Fermentative or zymogenic bacteria produce their 
changes in non-nitrogenized media. Putrefactive or 
saprogenic bacteria produce changes allied to fermenta- 
tion in complex organic substances. Pathogenic bacte- 
ria are believed to cause infectious diseases in human 
beings. Bacteria may be considered as being pres- 
ent everywhere. 
To establish the pathogenic character of bacteria, 
according to Koch, it is necessary that (1) the micro- 
organism must be found in the blood, lymph, or dis- 
eased tissue of man or animal suffering from or dead 
of the disease; (2) the micro-organisms must be iso- 
lated from the blood, lymph, or tissues, and cultivated 
in suitable media, i. e. outside the animal body; these 
pure cultivations must be carried on through succes- 
sive generations of the organism; (3) a pure cultiva- 
tion, thus obtained, must, when introduced into the 
body of a healthy animal, produce the disease in ques- 
tion; (4) in the inoculated animal the same micro- 
organism must again be found. 
For the culture of bacteria, it is essential that they 
be supplied with nutrient material free from pre- 
existing organisms. Hitherto various kinds of such 
nutrient liquids have been employed, and in many 
cases they still continue to be used with advantage, 
but as a general rule they have been in a great meas- 
ure supplanted by the methods of cultivation in ster- 
ile solid media (Crookshank), as nutrient gelatin, 
nutrient agar-agar, nutrient jelly in test-tube and. 
1. Coccaceae. Up to 
the present time 
only known in the 
form of cocci. 
Streptococcus (chain cocci), 
Merismopedia (plate cocci), 
Sarcina (packet cocci). 
Micrococcus (mass cocci), 
Ascococcus (pellicle cocci). 
2. Bacteriace®. Have 
for the most part 
spherical, rod-like, 
and filamentous 
forms; the first 
(cocci) may be 
wanting; the last 
are not different at 
the two extremi- 
ties; filaments 
straight or spiral. 
Bacterium, 
Spirillum, 
Vibrio, 
Leuconostoc, 
Bacillus, 
Clostridium. BACTERIACEXE 
plate-cultivations, sterilized potatoes, potato-paste, 
bread-paste, vegetables, fruit, white of egg, and solid 
blood-serum. The liquid media are sterilized bouillon, 
liquid blood-serum, urine, milk, vegetable infusions, 
and artificial nourishing fluids. See Bacterium. 
Bacteria'cese. Group of micro-organisms including 
micrococci, bacilli, and straight or spiral thread-like 
forms. In Zopf's arrangement it includes the genera 
Bacterium, Spirillum, Vibrio, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, 
Clostridium. Also schizomycetes. 
Bacterise'mia. Condition in which bacteria are 
present in the blood. 
Bacte'rial, Bacte'rian, or Bacter'lc. Relating to 
bacteria. 
Bacte'ricide (bacteria, ciedo, to kill). Destruction 
of bacteria; antibacterian; germicide. 
Bacterid'ium. Formerly considered a genus of 
vibriones, but now included under bacillus and mi- 
crococcus. B. auranti'acum, micrococcus aurantiacus. 
B. prodigio'sum, bacillus prodigiosus. 
Bacte'riform or Bacte'rioid. Resembling bacteria. 
Bacterinu'ria or Bacteru'ria (bacteria, ouron, urine). 
Condition or emission of urine charged with bacteria. 
Bacte'rioid. Having shape like a rod. 
Bacterioidom'onas (bacteria, eidos, form, monas, 
unit). Genus of micro-organisms intermediate be- 
tween schizomycetes and protozoa. 
Bacteriol'ogist (bacteria, logos, study). One who 
interests himself in the study of bacteria. 
Bacteriol'ogy. Description of, or treatise on, or 
science of, bacteria. 
Bacteriophyto'ma (bacteria, phuton, growth). Cell 
composed of bacterial growths. 
Bacte'rio-pur'purin. Purplish coloring matter in 
protoplasm of some of the chromogenic bacteria. 
Bacterios'copy. Study or examination of bacteria. 
Bacteriother'apy. Treatment of disease by bac- 
teria, as of phthisis by inhaling cultures of bacteria. 
Bacterium (bak-te're-um). See Bacteria. B. acti'no- 
clad'othrix (Afanasjeff). Actinomyces. B., aero'bic, 
see Aerobic. B. aero'genes (Miller), from normal ali- 
mentary canal; non-pathogenic; bacillus aerogenes. 
B. aerugino'sum, bacillus aerogenes. B., anaero'bic, 
see Anaerobic. B., chromogen'ic, see Bacteria. B. co'li 
commu'ne, bacillus coli communis. B. cyano'genum, 
bacillus cyanogenus. B., ectog'enous, B. having its 
origin outside the organism. B., endog'enous, B. 
supposed to have its origin within the body. B., fer- 
ment'ative, see Bacteria. B. gliscro'genuni (Malerba), 
found in viscid acid urine; non-pathogenic. B. Hes'- 
sii, bacillus Hessii. B. ianthi'num, bacillus ianthinus. 
B. lac'tis, bacillus lacticus. B. 1. aero'genes, bacillus 
lactis aerogenes. B. lu'teum (List), found in water; 
non-pathogenic. B., metabiot'ic, bacteria which de- 
pend for vitality on presence of other bacteria. B., 
pathogen'ic, see Bacteria. B. phosphores'cens, bacil- 
lus phosphorescens. B., putrefac'tlve, see Bacteria. 
B., pyogen'ic, pus-producing bacterium. B., sapro- 
gen'ic or saprophyt'ic, see Bacteria. B., symbiot'ic, 
bacteria which exist together in a locality. B. ter'mo 
(Vignal), found in normal saliva; non-pathogenic. B. 
tholoi'deum, bacillus of Gessner. B. ure'ae, from am- 
moniacal urine. B. Zop'fii (Kurth), from intestines 
of chickens; non-pathogenic. B. Ziirnia'num (List), 
in water; non-pathogenic. B., zymogen'ic, see Bac- 
teria. 
Bacteriu'ria. Bactinuria. 
Bac'teroid. Having shape of a rod. 
Bactris (bak'tris) (baktron, stick) min'lma or mi'- 
nor. Pulp of this plant of W. Indies and S. America 
is used in bronchial catarrh. 
Bactyrilobium, bak-tir-il-o'be-um (dim. of Bak- 
terion, cane, lobion, pod). Cassia fistula. B. fis'tula, 
Cassia fistula. 
Bac'ullform. Rod-shaped. 
Bac'ulus. Bacillus. 
Bad. Sick. B. disease, syphilis. B. sick'ness (of 
Ceylon), beriberi. 
Badal's opera'tion. Treatment of glaucoma by 
stretching or rupture of infratrochlear branch of 
nasal nerve. 
128 
I BALANUS 
Badia'ga. Eussian sponge, powder of which takes 
away livid marks from blows and bruises. 
Badiera diversifolia, bad-e-a'rah div-ur-se-fo'le-ah. 
Bastard lignum vitae of W. Indies ; properties similar 
to guaiacum. 
Badisis (bad'is-is) or Badis'mus. Walking. 
Baduk'ka. Capparis badukka. 
Badula mecrantha, bad'u-lah me-kran'thah. Plant 
of Mauritius; diuretic. 
Badulam. Ardisia humilis of Ceylon, whose fruit, 
made into syrup, is used as a cooling drink. 
Beeckea Chinensis (be'ke-ah chi-nen'sis) or frutes'- 
cens. Species of Asiatic myrtaceous plants; diuretic 
and abortifacient. 
Bael. Covolam. 
Bseobotrys picta, be-ob'ot-res pik'tah (baios, small, 
botrus, grape). Saoria. 
Baeomyces (baios, small, mukes, fungus) cocciferus, 
be-om'is-es cok-sif'er-us. Species of European lichens 
used in intermittent fevers. 
Baer's vesicle. Ovum in Graafian follicle. 
Bag. Scrotum; mamma. B., dusting, see Dust- 
ing-bag. B., hon'eycomb, reticulum of ruminant ani- 
mals. B., ice, arrangement, usually of rubber, to 
hold ice for application to the spine or other part. B. 
of walers, see Liquor amnii. 
Bagnio, ban'yo. Bath-house; baptisterium. 
Ba'hel. Plant of Malabar, whose bruised leaves 
are applied as cataplasms. B. Schulli, Genista spinosa 
Indica. 
Bahia arachnoidea, bah-he'ah ar-ak-no-id'e-ah. 
Butterfly plant of California; tonic and stomachic, 
especially in convalescence. B. pow'der, Goa powder. 
Baibula. Plantago major. 
Bain-Marie (F.). Apparatus for immersion of 
solutions, bacteria, at a certain fixed temperature, in 
water or other prepared liquid. 
Ba'ker's itch. Psoriasis; lichen ; eczema, noticed 
on hands of bakers. B.'s salt, ammonii carbonas. 
Balsena mysticetus, bal-e'nah mis-tis'e-tus. Green- 
land whale, from which whale oil and whalebone are 
derived. 
Balam-pulli. Tamarindus. 
Balan'da. Fagus sylvatica. 
Balaneum, bal-an-e'um. Bath. 
Balanism, bal'an-izm (balanos, suppository). Appli- 
cation of suppository or pessary. 
Balanitis, bal-an-e'tis (balanos, glans penis). Gon- 
orrhoea spuria. B. blennorrho'ica, gonorrhoea spuria. 
B. diabetica, B. caused by contact with saccharine 
urine. B., gonorrhce'al, gonorrhoea involving glans 
penis. 
Balano, bal'an-o. In composition, balanus, or glans 
penis. 
Balanoblennorrhoea, bal - an - o - blen - nor - rhe' ah. 
Gonorrhoea spuria. 
Balanocastanuxn, bal-an-o-kast'an-um (balanos, 
acorn, kastanon, chestnut). Bunium bulbocastanum. 
Balanoplasty, bal'an-o-plas-te (balano, plasso, to 
form). Plastic operation on glans penis. 
Balanoposthitis, bal-an-o-pos-the'tis (balano, posthe, 
prepuce). Gonorrhoea spuria; inflammation of glans 
and penis. 
Bal'ano-prepulial. Eelating to glans penis and 
prepuce. 
Balanorrhagia, bal-an-or-raj'e-ah (balano, rhegnumi, 
to burst forth). See Gonorrhoea. 
Balanorrhi'num. Secretion occurring in balanitis. 
Balanorrhoea, bal-an-or-rhe'ah (balano, rheo, to 
flow). Gonorrhoea spuria; purulent balanitis. 
Balanos, bal'an-os. Suppository; glans penis. B. 
phce'nicos, date. 
Balantidium (bal-an-tid'e-um) coll. Infusory ani- 
malcule in alvine discharges of chronic diarrhoea, 
dysentery, etc. 
Balantion, bal-an'te-on. Scrotum. 
Balantlophthalmus, bal-an-te-of-thal'mus (balan- 
tion, bag, ophthalmos, eye). Bag-like appearance of 
the eyelids. 
Balanus, bal'an-us (glans). Glans penis, glans 
clitoridis. Hence, Balanoblennorrhoea, blennorrhoea BALASAN 
of glans; Balanitis, inflammation of glans. Supposi- 
tories and pessaries were formerly called Balani. B. 
myrep'sica, Guilandina meringa. 
Balasan. Tree of Mecca furnishing balsamia opo- 
balsamum. 
Balatro, bal-at'ro. Bambalio. 
Balaustine (bal-aws'tiu) or Balaus'tium flow'ers. 
See Punica granatum. 
Balbiani's nucleus, bal-be-an'e's nu'kle-us. Nu- 
cleus of yolk of ovum. 
BaThis (foundation). Oblong cavity. Olecranon 
cavity of humerus. 
Baibul. Acacia Arabica. 
Bal'bus. Stammering or lisping; stammerer. 
Balbuties, bal-bu'she-es. St. Vitus's dance of the 
voice. Stuttering, stammering. Vicious and incom- 
plete pronunciation, consonants being usually re- 
placed by b and I-Traulismus. 
Bald. Without hair on the head. See Alopecia 
and Calvities. 
Baldmoney, bald'mun-e. ASthusa meum. 
Bald'ness. Alopecia, calvities. B., lim'ited or 
par'tial, porrigo decalvans. 
Balenas, bal-e'nas (balaena, whale). Leviathan 
penis. 
Balimbago, bal-im-bah'go. Hibiscus populous. 
Ball. Round part of great toe or thumb. Bolus, 
pila. B. of eye, globe of eye. B.-and-socket joint, 
see Enarthrosis. B. soda, British barilla, consisting 
of sodium carbonate and calcium oxysulphide. 
Ballast fever. Fever contracted on shipboard from 
ballast. 
Ballismus, bal-liz'mus (dancing). Chorea, disor- 
dered muscular movement. 
Ballista, bal-lis'tah. Astragalus. 
Ballistic galvanometer, bal-lis'tik gal-van-om'et-ur. 
Instrument for estimating force of brief galvanic 
currents. 
Ballock-grass, bal'lok. Orchis mascula. 
Balloon, bal-loon'. Receiver used in chemistry. B. 
vine, Cardiospermum heliocacabum. 
Ballooning, bal-loon'ing. Tympanistic distension 
of the abdomen. Distending a cavity or canal, as the 
vagina or rectum, with air or water in air-bags or 
water-bags. 
Ballota foetida, bal-lo'tah fet'id-ah. Blade hore- 
hound, Stinking h., ord. Labiatae. Antispasmodic, 
resolvent, and detersive. B. lana'ta, a plant grow- 
ing in Siberia. Whole plant, except root, recom- 
mended in dropsy, rheumatism, and gout as diuretic, 
in decoction. B. ni'gra grows in Europe; antispas- 
modic. B. suave'olens, plant of Antilles and India; 
nervine, sedative, diuretic, and laxative. 
Ballottement (F.), bal-lot'mong. Agitation, succes- 
sion, repercussion. Motion impressed on foetus in 
utero by alternately pressing the uterus with the 
index finger of one hand introduced into the vagina, 
the other hand being applied on the abdomen. B., 
re'nal, palpation so practised over abdomen and 
lumbar region as to cause kidney to strike anterior 
wall of abdomen. B., vagi'nal, see Ballottement. 
Balm (contracted from Balsam). Melissa; heal- 
ing ointment; anodyne medicine. See Balsam. B. 
ap'ple, Momordica balsamina. B., bas'tard, Melitis 
melissophyllum. B. of Gil'ead, Amyris opobobal- 
samum. B. of Gil'ead pop'lar, Populus candicans. 
B. of Gil'ead, Sol'omon's, see Tinctura cardamomi. B. 
of Gil'ead tree, Dracocephalum Canariense. B., In'- 
dian, Trillium latifolium. B., mount'ain, Monarda 
coccinea. B., pop'lar, Populus balsamifera. B., red, 
Monarda coccinea. B., scar'let rose, Monarda coc- 
cinea. B., stink'ing, hedeoma. B. tea, infusion of 
melissa. 
Balmony, bal'mo-ne. Chelone glabra. 
Balnese, bal'ne-a. Baths. 
Balnearium, bal-ne-ah're-um (balneum, bath). See 
Hypocaustum. 
Balnearius (bal-ne-ah're-us) or Balneator, bal-ne- 
ah'tor. Bather or attendant on bather. Balneatrix 
is such female attendant. 
Balneation, bal-ne-a'shun. Bathing; balneotherapy. 
129 
BALSAM 
Balneatory, bal'ne-a-to-re. Relating to bathing. 
Balneography, bal-ne-og'ra-fe (balneum, graphe, de- 
scription). Description of baths. 
Balneology, bal-ne-ol'o-je (balneum, logos, descrip- 
tion). Treatise on baths; science of bathing. 
Balneophysiology, bal-ne-o-fis-e-ol'o-je. Physiology 
of bathing. 
Balneotherapeutics (bal-ne-o-ther-a-pu'tiks) or 
Balneotherapy, bal-ne-o-ther'a-pe (balneum, therapeia, 
treatment). Treatment of disease by baths. 
Balneum, bal'ne-um. Bath. B. acTdum, acid bath. 
B. ae'reum, air bath. B. seroph'orum, effervescing 
bath. B. alkali'num, alkaline bath. B. am'yli, 
starch bath. B. anima'le, animal bath. B. anti- 
pso'ricum, bath, antipsoric. B. antisyphilit'icum, 
bath, antisyphilitic. B. aq'use, water bath. B. are'- 
nse, bath, sand. B. calld'ulum, warm bath. B. cal'- 
idum, hot bath. B. chlorina'tum, bath to which 
some form of chlorine has been added, as antiseptic, 
disinfectant, etc. B, cceno'sum, mud bath. B. frig'- 
idum, cold bath. B. fur'furis, bran bath. B. gela- 
tino'sum, bath, gelatinous. B. mari'se, bath, water. 
B. mari'num, bath, sea. B. ma'ris, bath, water. B. 
medica'tum, bath, medicated. B. nu'triens or nu- 
tri'tium, nutritive bath. B. pen'sile, shower bath. 
B. Rus'slcum, Russian bath. B. sic'cum, dry bath. 
B. sola're, sun bath. B. sudato'rium, sweat bath. 
B. sulphurat'um or sulphu'reum or suPphuris, 
bath, sulphur. B. tep'idum, see Bath, hot. B. ter- 
res'tre, earth bath. B. therma'le, warm bath. B. 
Tur'cicum, Turkish bath. B. va'poris, see Bath, hot, 
and Vaporarium. 
Balsam, ball'sam. Natural vegetable substance, 
concrete or liquid, very odorous, bitter, and piquant; 
composed of resin, benzoic or cinnamic acid, and some- 
times essential oil, which allow benzoic acid to be 
disengaged by action of heat; readily dissolved in 
volatile oil, alcohol, and ether; when treated with 
alkalies, affords soluble benzoate and throws down 
resin. Many pharmaceutical preparations and resin- 
ous substances, possessed of balsamic smell, are called 
balsams. B., acous'tic, mixture of oils, sulphur, and 
tinctures of fetid gums; dropped into the ear in atonic 
deafness. B., Amer'lcan, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
B., apoplec'tic, medicine composed of several bal- 
sams, properly so called, resins, and volatile oils, worn 
about the person and smelled at in headaches, etc. 
B. ap'ple, Momordica balsami. B. of Arcse'us, un- 
guentum elemi compositum. B., Can'ada, see Pinus 
balsamea. B. capi'vi, copaiba. B., Carpa'thia, Hun- 
garian turpentine. Resin of Pinus cembra, growing in 
Switzerland and Hungary. B., chalybeate, mixture 
of nitrate of iron, alcohol, and oil, formerly employed 
in friction in pains of joints. B., comman'der's, tinc- 
tura benzoini composita. B. ofcopai'va, copaiba. B.for 
cuts, tincture benzoini composita. B. of Fioravan'ti, 
spir'ituous, or of Fioraven'tl, product of distillation 
of resinous and balsamic articles and aromatic sub- 
stances previously macerated in alcohol, used in fric- 
tion in chronic rheumatism. The spirituous balsam 
is the first product of distillation from a sand bath; 
entirely alcoholic. Oily balsam of Fioraventi is ob- 
tained by removing the residue and distilling in an 
iron vessel at white heat. Black balsam of Fioraventi 
is black oil obtained at temperature sufficient to car- 
bonize the substances in a cucurbit. B. of fir, see 
Pinus balsamea. B., fri'ar's, tincture benzoini com- 
posita. B. of Gil'ead, Amyrus opobalsamum. B., 
Gurgi'na, see Dipterbcarpus. B., Gur'jun, see Diptero- 
carpus. B. herb, Justicia comata, Dianthera repens. 
B. of hon'ey, cough mixture of benzoin, balsam of 
Tolu, honey, and alcohol. B. of hore'hound, tinc- 
ture of horehound, licorice-root, camphor, opium, 
benzoin, dried squills, oil of aniseed, and honey. B., 
Hungarian, see Pinus mughos. B., hypnot'ic, prep- 
aration containing opium, hyoscyamus, camphor, 
and other sedative substances, used externally in 
friction to provoke sleep. B., hyster'ic, prepara- 
tion of opium, aloes, asafoetida, castor, distilled 
oils of rue, amber, etc., held to the nose, applied 
to navel, or rubbed on hypogastrium in hysterical BALSAM AC E/E 
cases. B., In'dian, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. B., 
iod'uretted, used by friction, in goitre, in Switzer- 
land ; composed of animal soap, iodide of potassium, 
alcohol, essence of lemon. B. of life, decoctum aloes 
compositum. B. of life of Hoffman, tincture com- 
posed of essential oils and ambergris, employed inter- 
nally and externally as stimulant. Mixture of essen- 
tial oils without alcohol constitutes Saxon balsam, 
Balsamum apoplecticum, B. aromaticum, B. cephali- 
cum, B. Saxonicum, B. nervinum, B. Scherzeri, B. 
stomachicum. B. of life, Tur'lington's, see Tinctura 
benzoini composita. B. of liquidam'bar, solid balsam 
obtained from Liquidambar styraciflua. B. of Mec'ca, 
see Amyris opobalsamum. B., Mexican, see Myroxylon 
Peruiferum. B., nat'ural, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
B., nephritic, medicine composed of oils, resins, and 
balsams, which have experienced incipient state of 
carbonization from concentrated sulphuric acid; given 
in certain affections of the kidneys. B., ner'vous, 
ointment of fatty bodies, volatile oils, balsam of Peru, 
camphor, etc.; employed in friction in sprains and 
rheumatic pains. B. parei'ra bra'va, soft mixture 
of balsam, resin, muriate of ammonia, and powder of 
root of Pareira brava, given internally to excite urin- 
ary secretion. B. of Peru, red, see Toluifera bal- 
samum. B. of Peru, white, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
B., Peru'vian, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. B., pine, 
Abies Menziesii. B., poplar, Populus balsamifera. B. 
of the Samaritan, liniment prepared by boiling to- 
gether, at gentle heat, equal parts of wine and oil. B., 
Sax'on, balsam of life of Hoffman. B., spruce, Abies 
balsamea. B. of sto'rax, derived from Liquidambar 
Orientate. B. of sul'phur, Balsamum sulphuris, solution 
of sulphur in oil. B. of sulphur, anlsated, in essen- 
tial oil of aniseed; carminative; B. of sulphur, suc'- 
cinated, in oil of amber; B. of sulphur, terebin'thi- 
nated, Common Dutch drops, in essential oil of tur- 
pentine ; diuretic. B. of sym'pathy, balsam used in 
days when sympathetic influence was strongly be- 
lieved in, composed of raspings of human skull, 
blood, and human fat, and applied to instrument 
which had inflicted the wound. B. of Tolu', see 
Toluifera balsamum. B., tran'quil, liquid medicine 
employed externally by friction; prepared by mac- 
erating and boiling in olive oil narcotic and poi- 
sonous plants, belladonna, mandragora, hyoscyamus, 
etc., and afterward infusing aromatic plants; ano- 
dyne. B., Tur'key, Dracocephalum Canariense. B., 
Tur'lington's, see Tinctura benzoini composita. B. 
of tur'pentine, Dutch drops; obtained by distilling 
oil of turpentine in glass retort until red balsam is 
left. B., vul'nerary, of Mindere'rus, liniment of tur- 
pentine, resin elemi, oil of St. John's wort, and wax ; 
employed in friction and as dressing to wounds. B. 
weed, Impatiens fulva. B., white, of Peru, Myroxylon 
Peruiferum. B., wound, tinctura benzoini com- 
posita. 
Balsamacese (bal-sam-ah'se-e) or Balsamifluae, bal- 
sam-if'lu-e. Natural order of plants, including one 
genus, liquidambar. 
Balsamadendron (bal-sam-ah-den'dron) Africa'num 
(balsam, dendron, tree). Shrub of W. Africa, source of 
gum resin called African bdellium. B. Ehrenbergia'- 
num, B. opobalsamum. B. Gileaden'se, Amyris Gilead- 
ensis. B. mukul, plant of India, from which East 
Indian bdellium is derived. B. myr'rha, tree of E. 
Africa and Arabia, a source of myrrh; see Myrrha. B. 
opobal'samum, African tree, from which balm of 
Gilead is procured. B. Roxburg'hii, indigenous in 
India; a source of E. Indian bdellium. 
Balsama'ria inophyl'lum. See Fagara octandra. 
Balsamation, bal-sam-a'shun. Embalming. 
Balsamelseon, bal-sam-el-e'on (balsam, e.laion, oil). 
Myroxylon Peruiferum, Amyris opobalsamum. 
Balsamic, bal-sam'ik. Possessing qualities of 
balsams, as balsamic odor. 
Balsamina, bal-sam'in-ah. Momordica. 
Balsamita (bal-sam-e'tah) foem'ina. Achillea 
ageratum. B. major, Tanacetum balsamita. B. ma'- 
ris, B. odorata. B. mas, Tanacetum balsamita. B. 
mi'nor, Achillea ageratum. B. odora'ta or suave'- 
130 
) BAMBUSA 
olens, plant common in south of France, used for same 
purposes as tansy, as a stimulant, vermifuge, etc. See 
Tanacetum balsamita. 
Balsamito, bal-sam-e'to. Alcoholic extract of fruit 
of Myroxylon pereirae. Stimulant, diuretic, anthel- 
mintic. 
Balsamoden'dron. Balsamadendron. 
Balsamosaccharum, bal-sam-o-sak'ar-um. Sugar 
rubbed up with balsam. Elaeosaccharum. 
Balsamum, bal'sam-um. Balsam, Amyris opobal- 
samum. B. .ffigyp'ticum, see Amyris opobalsamum. 
B. al'bum, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. B. alpi'ni, 
Dracocephalum Canariense; see Amyris opobalsamum. 
B. anodzynum, linimentum saponis et opii. B. apo- 
plec'ticum, balsam of life of Hoffmann. B. arcae'i, 
unguentum elemi compositum. B. aromatzicum, 
balsam of life of Hoffmann. B. Asiat'icum, see 
Amyris opobalsamum. B. Brazilien'se, copaiba. B. 
cal'aba, E. India tacamahac; see Fagara octandra. 
B. Canaden'se, see Pinus balsamea. B. Carpath'- 
icum, Carpathian balsam. B. cathol'icum, tinctura 
benzoini composita. B. cephal'icum, balsam of 
life of Hoffmann. B. commendato'ris, tinctura ben- 
zoini composita. B. co'pahu, copaiba. B. copai'- 
bse, copaiba. B. c. sic'cum, resin of copaiba. B. 
dipterocar'pi, Gurjun balsam. B. Fioravan'ti, balsam 
of Fioravanti. B. genui'num antiquo'rum, see 
Amyris opobalsamum. B. Gileaden'se, balm of Gilead. 
B. gur'junse, wood oil; gurjun balsam. B. Hun- 
ga'ricum, Hungarian turpentine. B. hyper'ici 
sim'plex, see Hypericum perforatum. B. In'dicum, 
see Myroxylon Peruiferum. B. iodure'tum, balsam, 
ioduretted. B. Judazicum, see Amyris opobalsamum. 
B. Lib'ani, see Pinus cembra. B. Locatelzli, balsam of 
Locatelli. B. mari'se, E. India tacamahac ; see Fagara 
octandra. B. e. Mec'ca, see Amyris opobalsamum. B. 
mercuria'le, unguentum hydrargyri nitratis. B. 
nervi'num, balsam of life of Hoffmann. B. nucis'tse, 
see Myristica. B. ophthal'micum ru'brum, unguen- 
tum hydrargyri nitrico-oxidi. B. opodel'doc, lini- 
mentum saponis camphoratum. B. Parisien'se, resin 
of copaiba. B. Per'sicum, tinctura benzoini com- 
'posita. B. Peruvia'num, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
B. P. ni'grum, balsamum Peruvianum. B. saturni'- 
num, unguentum plumbi superacetatis. B. Scherzz- 
eri, balsam of life of Hoffmann. B. stomach'icum, 
balsam of life of Hoffmann. B. stora'cis, storax. B. 
styrazcis, styrax. B. s. benzo'ini, benjamin. B. 
suc'cini, see Succinum. B. sul'phuris Barbaden'se, 
petroleum sulphuratum. B. s. Rulan'di, B. s. tere- 
binthinaztum, sulphurated oil of turpentine. B. s. 
sim'plex, oleum sulphuratum. B. Syri'acum, see 
Amyris opobalsamum. B. terebin'thinse larici'na, 
Venice turpentine. B. Toluta'num, see Toluifera 
balsamum. B. tran'quillans or tran'quillum, balsam, 
tranquil. B. traumatzicum, tinctura benzoini com- 
posita. B. universa'le, unguentum plumbi superace- 
tatis. B. ve'rum, balm of Gilead. B. vir'ide, E. In- 
dia Tacamahac; see Fagara octandra. B. vi'tae Hoff- 
man'ni, Hoffmann's balsam of life. 
Balsamus, bal'sam-us. Balsam. See Balsamum. B. 
palus'tris, Mentha aquatica. 
Balsem, bal'sem. Amyris opobalsamum. 
Bambaceia (bam-ba-se'ah), Bambacent'ria, orBam- 
ba'cia, Pharmacy, particularly as concerns toxi- 
cology. 
Bambalia, bam-bal'e-ah. Balbuties. 
Bamballo, bam-bah'le-o {bambaino, to speak in- 
articulately). One who stammers or lisps, or utters 
inarticulate sounds, as if he had pap in his mouth or 
his tongue were paralyzed. 
Bamboo, bam-boo'. Young shoots of Bambos arun- 
dinacea and B. verticillata, plants of India, contain- 
ing saccharine pith, sometimes made into pickle ; juice 
of the green leaves is emmenagogue and parturifa- 
cient. B. brier, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
Bambos (bam'bos) arundina'cea. Bamboo. B. 
verticilla'ta, bamboo. 
Bambusa arundinacea, bam-bu'sah ar-un-din-ah'- 
se-ah. E. Indian species of gramineous plants, as- 
tringent. antispasmodic, and anthelmintic; bamboo. BAMIA 
Bamia moschata, bam'e-ah mos-kat'ah. Hibiscus 
abelmoschus. 
Bamma, bam'mah (bapto, to plunge). Liquid in 
which bodies are plunged to moisten or soften them; 
tea, for instance, into which bread is dipped. 
Banana, ban-an'ah. Musa sapientum. The root is 
alterative. 
Banaus'ia (quackery). Charlatanry. 
Bancksia Abyssinica, bank'se-ah ab-is-sin'ik-ah. 
Hagenia Abyssinica. 
Bancoul' oil. Oil obtained from Alemites triloba. 
Band. Ligament; strip ; cord. B., amniot'ic, band 
of false membrane on inner part of amnion, some- 
times constricting the foetus. B., a'no-gen'ital, rudi- 
mentary state of perineum. B., ax'is, primitive 
streak; axis-cylinder. B., den'tate, fascia dentata. 
B., epithe'lial, band of cells in embryo from which 
teeth are formed. B., flattened, axis-cylinder; see 
Nerve-fibre. B., fce'to-amnlot'ic, B., amniotic. B., 
front'al, circular head bandage. B., fur'rowed, B. 
of gray matter between uvulae of cerebellum and 
amygdalae. B., head, B., frontal. B., hippocam'pal, 
taeni hippocampi. B., mesoblas'tic, mesoblastic cells 
running full length of embryo. B., mod'erator, co- 
lumnae carneae of ventricles of heart. B., perine'al, 
bandage passing over perineum in fractures. B., 
prim'itive, axis-cylinder. B. of Reil, triangular 
space on each side of crus cerebri. B. of Remak', 
axis-cylinder; see Nerve-fibre. B., vo'cal, vocal cords. 
Bandage, ban'daj. A binder; methodical applica- 
tion of rollers, compresses, etc., or bandaging, to fix 
apparatus on any part; result of such application, or 
bandage itself. If the turns are very oblique and 
separated, it is the spiral bandage; if folded upon each 
other, the reversed. By uniting various kinds of 
bandaging, we have compound bandages, which receive 
various names expressive of their figure or of parts to 
which they are applied, as capistnim, spica, etc. Band- 
ages are divided also, as regards their uses by the 
surgeon into uniting, dividing, retaining, expelling, 
compressing, etc. A bandage or roller may be made 
of linen, flannel, or other stuff capable of offering 
a certain amount of resistance. If rolled at both 
extremities, it is called a double-headed roller or band- 
age. B., a'pron, folded cloth applied to chest by 
strips. B., Bar'tOn's, B. for fracture of head and 
jaw, forming three circles. B., Bayn'ton's, B. of 
adhesive strips for treatment of ulcers of leg. B., 
bel'ly, body b. for compression of abdomen, especially 
for dropsy. B., bod'y, band used for fixing dress- 
ings, etc. to the trunk; is formed of towel, napkin, 
or large compress folded three or four times, the ends 
being fastened by pins. This is again fixed by a scap- 
ulary b., which is an ordinary b. stitched to anterior 
and middle part of napkin, passing over the clavicles 
and behind the head, to be attached to back part of 
napkin. B., breast, B. for support of breast or breasts. 
B., cap'eline, bonnet of Hippocrates, for compressing 
head or retaining dressings. B., capis'trum, B. for 
lower jaw, somewhat like Barton's b. B., chalk, 
form of immovable b., composed of chalk and gum 
arabic. B., chirothe'ca, complete spiral reverse b. 
of hand and fingers. B., cir'cular, B. with one or 
two simple turns around a part. B., com'pound, see 
Bandage. B., compress'ing or compress'ive, roller 
head employed in ulcers, varices, etc. of limbs, or 
wherever compression may be required. B., con- 
tain'ing, retention b. B., continuous, spiral b. 
B., cru'cial, T-bandage. B., Desault's, B. employed 
in fractured clavicle, comprising head for axilla, two 
single-headed rollers, and some compresses. B., dex'- 
trin, immovable b., made of dextrin, alcohol, and 
water. B., divi'ding, see Bandage; B. intended to 
keep parts separated. B., double-head'ed, see Band- 
age. B., eight'een-tailed, made of longitudinal por- 
tion of common roller, with sufficient number of 
transverse pieces or tails to cover as much of the part 
as is requisite; can be undone without disturbing the 
part. B., elas'tic or Es'march's, rubber b. tightly 
applied to limb before amputation, to remove blood 
from it and to act as tourniquet. B., expel'ling, com- 
131 
BANDAGIST 
pression b. to produce expulsion of pus, etc.; see 
Bandage. B., fig'ure-of-8, see Figure-of-8. B., Ga'- 
len's, B. for the poor: kind of cucullus or hood, di- 
vided into three parts on each side, to retain applica- 
tions to the head; see Cancer Galeni. B. of Gen'ga, 
B. of Theden. A., Gib'son's, B. for lower jaw. B., 
glass, B., silicate. B., glue, immovable b., made of 
ordinary roller, cotton batting, glue, and alcohol. B., 
gum, immovable b., gum arabic being material em- 
ployed. B., gyp'sum, B., plaster of Paris. B., hal'- 
ter, B., capistrum. B., Hamilton's, compound b. for 
lower jaw, consisting of leather strap and webbing. 
B., hand'kerchief, loose b. made of handkerchiefs; 
various bandages may be so made. B., hard'ening, 
B., immovable. B., her'nial, see Truss. B., immov'- 
able, apparatus, immovable. B., in'guinal, B. for 
keeping dressings applied to the groin; cincture, to 
which is attached triangular compress adapted for 
covering the groin. To its lower extremity one or two 
bandages are attached, passing under the thigh and 
fixed to posterior part of cincture. B., invag'inated, 
see Invaginated. B., jaw, see B., Barton's, B., Gibson's, 
etc. B., Lar'rey's, B. with several tails made adhe- 
sive. B., Lieb'rich's, form of eye b. made of tapes. 
B., many-tailed, B. of separate strips. B., nap'kin, 
B., handkerchief. B., par'affin, immovable b., in 
which paraffin is the stiffening agent. B., perine'al, 
B. for support of perineum or merely traversing that 
space. B., per'manent, apparatus, immovable. B., 
plas'ter of Par'is, immovable b. in which that arti- 
cle is the stiffening material used. B. of the poor, see 
B., Galen's, and Cancer Galeni. B., recur'rent, roller 
b. applied in radiating turns over round surface, as 
end of stump, backward and forward. B., retaln'- 
ing, B. applied to keep dressing, etc. in situ. B., re- 
versed, B. in which spiral turns are folded obliquely 
on themselves. B., Rib'bail's, spica b. for foot. B., 
roll'er, see Bandage and B., compressing. B., ro'tatory, 
B., Winslow's. B., rub'ber, B., elastic. B., sagit'tal, 
T-bandage for head, having turns around the head and 
over the forehead, with a median turn from front to 
back of head. B., Sayre's, B. made of adhesive strips 
for fracture of clavicle. B., scalp, B., capeline. B., 
scap'ulary, B. for application to shoulder. B., scarf, 
B., handkerchief. B. of Sculte'tus or B. of sep'arate 
strips, formed of linen strips, each capable of surround- 
ing once and a half the part to which they have to be 
applied, and placed upon each other so as to cover suc- 
cessively one-third of their width. Used chiefly for 
fractures requiring frequent dressing. B., Seu'tin's, 
starch b. B., sil'icate, immovable b., roller b. being 
coated with solution of silicate of potassium and so- 
dium and whiting. B., sim'ple, see Bandage. B., 
six-tailed, B., Galen's. B., spi'ca, see Spica. B., 
spi'ral, roller b. applied in spiral turns; see Spiral. 
B., splint, see Apparatus, immovable. B., starch, see 
Apparatus, immovable. B., Star'tin's, see Splint. B., 
ste'arin, immovable a., having stearin as main agent. 
B., suspen'sory, B. applied for suspension of part or 
organ, as testicles, breast, etc. B., T., B. of two strips 
attached to each other in shape of letter T, usually 
applied to keep dressings in place. B., tailed, B. 
partly divided into two or more strips. B., The'- 
den's, roller b. sometimes applied in brachial aneur- 
ism or hemorrhage, commencing at fingers and end- 
ing at axilla. B., Thil'laye's, B. with pads and tapes, 
used for bringing together lips of wound in hare-lip 
operations. B., uni'ting, B. and strips used to bring 
together edges of wounds, fractured bones, etc. B., 
Velpeau's, B. for fracture of clavicle, with pad in 
each axilla. B., Wins'low's, roller b. rotated around 
foot, as in talipes; b. suggested by W. for wry-neck, 
having circular turns of roller b. around head and 
passed down over shoulder of opposite side, where it 
is secured. 
(Other bandages may be found described under their 
various names.) 
Bandaging, ban'daj-ing. See Bandage. B., doc'- 
trine of, see Desmaturgia. 
Bandaglst, ban'daj-ist. One who makes bandages 
or trusses. BANDL 
Bandl, ring of. Constricting ring above internal 
os uteri. 
Bands of Goll. Columns of Goll. 
Ban'duc seeds. See Caesalpina. 
Bandura, ban-du'rah. Nepentha destillatoria. 
Bandy-legged, ban'de-legd. Having crooked legs. 
See Cnemoscoliosis. 
Baneberry, bane'ber-re. Root of Actsea spicata; 
purgative. 
Bane'wort. Atropa belladonna, Ranunculus flam- 
mu la. 
Ban'ghie. Intoxicating drink prepared from In- 
dian hemp. 
Bangue, Bhang, Bang, Bang!, or Beng. Indian 
hemp. See Cannabis. 
Banilas (ban-il'as), Banilia (ban-il'lah), or Banilloes, 
ban-ifloze. Vanilla. 
Banisteria angulosa, ban-is-te're-ah an-gu-lo'sah 
(after Rev. John Banister, botanist). Grows in Bra- 
zil and Antilles; powerful sudorific and antidote to 
poison of serpents. B. Prag'ua, species from Brazil, 
root of which is laxative and emetic. 
Banks'ia Abyssin'ica (after Sir Joseph Banks, 
F.R.S.). Hagenia Abyssinica. B. marces'cens, Aus- 
tralian shrub; root is emetic. B. specio'sa, costus. 
Bankul' oil. Fixed oil from kernel of seeds of 
Aleurites triloba; cathartic. 
Bantingism (ban'ting-izm) or Banking cure. Mode 
of treating corpulence dietetically, practised by non- 
professional man named Banting, according to rules 
laid down for him by a medical practitioner of Lon- 
don, consisting mainly in regulating quantity of ani- 
mal food and diminishing amount of amylaceous and 
saccharine. 
Ba'obab. Adansonia digitata of Africa, nat. ord. 
Bombacese. Its fruit is called monkey bread; re- 
freshing drink is made from the pulp, which is used 
in fevers; bark has been given as substitute for cin- 
chona. 
Bap'tin. Glucoside from Baptisia tinctoria; weak 
cathartic. 
Baptisia leucantha, bap-tiz'e-ah lu-kan'thah (bapto, 
to dye). See Sophora tinctoria. B. tincto'ria, Sophora 
tinctoria. 
Baptisin, bap'tis-in. Resinous extractive matter 
from Baptisia tinctoria; laxative. Alkaloid is called 
Baptisine. Another alkaloid, very poisonous, from 
same plant, is called Baptitoxine; tonic in small 
doses. 
Baptisterium, bap-tis-te're-um (baptizo, to immerse). 
Swimming-bath; bathing tub; vessel or place for bath- 
ing. See Scaphium. 
Baptitox'ine. See Baptisin. 
Baptorrhoea, bap-tor-rhe'ah (bapto, to infect, rheo, to 
flow). Infectious mucous discharge; gonorrhoea im- 
pura. 
Baptothecorrhoe'a (bapto, to infect, thehe, sheath, 
rheo, to flow). Gonorrhoea in women. 
Bapturethrorrhoea, bap-tu-re-thror-re'ah (bapto, to 
infect, urethra, rheo, to flow). Urethral gonorrhoea in 
men. 
Bar. Arch; projection inward of symphysis pubis. 
Baraesthesiometer, bar-es-the-se-om'et-ur (barus, 
heavy, aisthesis, sensation, metron, measure). Instru- 
ment devised by Eulenberg for estimating sense of 
pressure; that is, to ascertain least difference which 
can be felt at a given spot. 
Barb. Fold on sides of fraenum linguae in horse. 
Barba, bar'bah. Beard. B. Aaro'nis, Arum macu- 
latum. B. cap'rae, Spiraea ulmaria. B. hir'd, trago- 
pogon. B. jo'vis, Sempervivum tectorum. 
Barbadoes (bar-ba'does) aloes. See Aloes. B. leg. 
elephantiasis arabum. B. nut, Jatropha curcas. B. 
tar, petroleum. 
Barbaloin, bar-bal'o-in. Neutral crystallizable prin- 
ciple from Barbadoes aloes, C34H36O14 H2O. 
Barbarea, bar-bar'e-ah. Erysimum barbarea. B. 
stric'ta, Erysimum barbarea. 
Barba'ria. Rhubarb. 
Barbary (bar'ba-re) gum. Variety of gum acacia. 
B. worm'seed, variety of artemisia. 
132 
BARK 
Barbas'co. Plant of Mexico and Venezuela ; stalk 
is medicinal, used in ophthalmic diseases. 
Barbatimao, bar-bah-tim-ah'o. Cortex adstrhigens 
Brasiliensis. 
Bar'ben cholera. Choleraic affection from use of 
barbed sturgeon as food in some parts of Europe, as 
Russia. 
Barber-chirurgeons, bar'bur-ki-rur'jons. Corpora- 
tion of London, instituted by King Edward IV. Bar- 
bers were separated from surgeons by 18 Geo. II., c. 
15; latter were erected into Royal College of Sur- 
geons at commencement of present century. Bar- 
ber's pole, of present day, is relic of old staff that was 
grasped, and colored strip passing spirally around it 
of fillet or tape employed in operation of bleeding. 
Bar'berine. Berberine. 
Barberry, bar-ber're. Oxyacantha Galeni. B., 
Amer'ican, see Oxyacantha Galeni. B. bark, bark 
of root of Berberis vulgaris. B. juice, juice of fruit 
of Berberis vulgaris. 
Barber's itch. Tinea barbae or tinea trichophytina. 
B.'s pole, see Barber-chirurgeons. 
Bar'biers. Variety of paralysis chiefly prevalent 
in India. 
Barbitium, bar-bish'e-um (barba, beard). Beard. 
Bar'bone. Pubic bone. 
Barbotine, bar'bo-teen. Santonica; tansy. 
Barbula (dim. of Barba) caprina, barb'u-lah kap- 
re'nah. Spiraea ulmaria. B. hir'ci or tra'gi, see 
Tragus. 
Barcelona fever, bar-se-lo'nah fe'ver. Yellow fever. 
Barclay, (bar'kla), an'gle of. Angle between facial 
line and plane drawn through line indicating masti- 
cating surface of teeth of upper jaw. B., plane of, 
plane at tangent to masticating surfaces of teeth of 
upper jaw. 
Bardana, bar-dan'ah. Arctium lappa. B., ma'jor, 
lappa major. B., mi'nor, xanthium. 
Bar'egine. Micro-organism-Beggiatoa-noticed 
on surface of sulphur-spring water. 
Barga'da. Convolvulus pes caprte. 
Bariglia, bar-il'e-ah. Soda. 
Barii (bah're-e) bro'midum. Barium bromide. B. 
carbo'nas, barium, carbonate of. B. chlo'ridum, 
barium chloride. B. io'didum, barium iodide. 
Barilla, bar-il'lah. Soda. B. al'icant, soda. B. 
Carthage'na, soda. B., Tur'key, soda. 
Barium, bah're-um (barns, heavy). Metallic base 
of baryta, so called from great density of its com- 
pounds. B. bro'mide, colorless, crystalline, soluble 
salt, poisonous; not used medically. B. car'bonate 
is only used officinally to obtain the muriate. B. 
chlora'tum, barium chloride. B. chlo'ride is com- 
bination of baryta chiefly used; made by action of 
muriatic acid on carbonate of barium; given in form 
of liquor barii chloridi in scrofulous cases, 
worms, and cutaneous diseases; dose, gtt. v, two 
or three times a day; used externally in fungous ul- 
cers and specks on the cornea. B. ioda'tum, barium 
iodide. B. i'odide has been given in scrofulous and 
similar morbid conditions, and recently in aneurism 
as substitute for iodide of potassium; internally in 
dose of one-eighth of a grain three or four times a 
day, and applied externally to swellings, 
in form of ointment (gr. iv to ,§j of lard). B. pro- 
tox'ide, baryta. B. sul'phate is used in pharmacy, 
like the carbonate, to obtain chloride of barium. 
Bark. Cinchona; see Cortex. B., Ar'ica, see Cin- 
chonas cordifoliae cortex. B., ash, see Cinchona. B., 
Angustu'ra, Galipea cusparia. B., ba'bul, bark of 
several acacias. B., bebee'ru, see Nectandra. B., 
bit'ter, Pinckneya pubens. B., Bogota', see Cinchona. 
B., Boliv'ian, variety of Cinchona calisaya. B., 
calisa'ya, Cinchonas cordifoliae cortex. B., calisa'ya, 
spurious, see Cinchonas cordifoliae cortex. B., can- 
el'la, see Canella. B., Carabay'a, see Cinchonas cor- 
difoliae cortex. B., Caribbaa'an, Cinch onae Caribbaeae cor- 
tex. B., Carthage'na, see Cinchona. B., cascaril'la, 
B. of Croton cascarilla and C. pseudo-china. B. of 
cas'sia, B. of Cinnamomum cassia. B., cher'ry, wild, 
Prunus virginiana. B., chit'tem, B. of Rhamnus pur- BARKING 
shiana. B., cincho'na, see Cinchona. B., cinnamon, 
see Cinnamon. B., Colom'bian, B. of Cinchona lanci- 
folia and C. cordifolia. B., Conduran'go, see Con- 
durango. B., cones'si, B. of Wrightia antidysenterica. 
B., copal'chi, aromatic bitter tonic bark from Mexico. 
B., coquetzta, see Cinchona. B., cot'ton-root, see 
Gossypium. B., crown, Cinchona officinalis, best 
qualities of bark. B., cu'prea, B., hard. B., Cus'co, 
see Cinchona; cordifoliie cortex. B., di'ta, aletonia 
bark. B., dogwood, see Cornua Florida. B., doom, 
sassy bark. B., eleuthe'ra, eleutheric or cascarilla 
bark. B., elk, Magnolia glauca. B., elm, see Ulmus. 
B., essential salt of, see Cinchona. B., euony- 
mus, see Euonymus. B., false angustu'ra, B. of 
Strychnos mix vomica. B., false loxza, B. of Cinchona 
Humboldtiana. B., fib'rous Carthagezna, B. of 
Cinchona lancifolia. B., Flor'Ida or Geor'gia, 
Pinckneya pubens. B., fran'gula, see Frangula. B., 
fugagas'uga, see Cinchona. B., gerem'ma, astrin- 
gent Brazilian bark, from Acacia jurema. B., gray, 
Cinchona pallida; see Cinchona. B., hard, cinchona 
bark from species of Eemijia. B., Huamilies, B. of 
Cinchona purpurea; see Cinchona. B., Huanuco, see 
Cinchona. B., In'dian, Magnolia glauca. B., i'ron, 
B. of Eucalyptus resinifera; see Kino. B., jack'et, 
see Cinchona. B., Jaen, B. of Cinchona Humboldtiana; 
see Cinchona. B., Jamai'ca, B. of Exostema carib- 
bseum. B., Jes'uit's, cinchona. B., jure'ma, B., 
geremma. B., juribali, astringent bark of Dem- 
arara; laxative, diaphoretic, antipyretic. B., lace, 
Lagetta lintearia. B., Lima, Huanuco bark; b. of 
Cinchona micrantha; see Cinchona. B., Lox'a, Cin- 
chome lancifolise cortex. B., Malam'bo, B. like that 
of Angustura, from Drimys Granatensis, Croton mal- 
ambo, etc., given in rheumatism, tetanus, diseases of 
stomach and bowels, etc. B., Maracai'bo, B. of Cin- 
chona tucujensis; see Cinchona. B., Massoy or Missoy, 
E. Indian bark, a variety of cinnamom. B., neem, 
Melia azedarach. B., negril'la, B. of Cinchona heter- 
ophylla. B., oak, white, Quercus alba. B., or Ange, 
B. of Cinchona lancifolia. B., orde'al, sassy bark. 
B., pale, Cinchona pallida; see Cinchona; Cinchona 
lancifolise cortex. B., Peru'vian, cinchona. B., 
Philadel'phia, Quercus tinctoria. B., Pitaya or 
Pitayo, B. of Cinchona pitayensis; Cinchona Carib- 
bsese cortex; see Cinchona. B., quercitzron, B. of 
Quercus tinctoria. B., red, Cinchonee oblongifolise 
cortex; see Cinchona. B., roy'al, Cinchonse cor- 
difoliae cortex. B., sacred, B. of Rhamnus pur- 
shiana. B. of Saint Ann, see Cinchonas cordifoliie 
cortex; B. of Cinchonas scrobiculata. B., Saint 
Lucia, Cinchonas Caribbaeae cortex; B. of Exos- 
tema floribundum. B., San'ta Mar'tha, see Cinchona. 
B., sas'sy, sassy bark. B., sev'en, Hydrangea arbo- 
rescens. B., sil'ver, gray or pale cinchona bark; see 
Cinchona. B., soap, Quillajo bark. B., string'y, Euca- 
lyptus b. B., sweet-wood, cascarilla b. B., W. Indies, 
B. of Exostema Caribbaeum. B., white, B. of cascarilla 
macrocarpa and several cinchonas. B., white wood, 
Canella alba. B., wild cher'ry, Primus Virginiana. 
B., Winter's, B. of Drimys Winteri and other unde- 
termined sources, reasonably cinnamon. B., worm, 
Andira inermis. B., yel'low, Cinchona flava; Cinchonas 
cordifoliie cortex. 
Bark'ing disease. Epidemic hysteroidal affection 
in Germany in 15th century. 
Barleria buxifolia, bar-le're-ah buks-e-fo'le-ah. 
Dicranacanthus buxifolia; root is aperient. B. my- 
sosen'sis of Ceylon has same properties. B. prioniztis 
or pubiflo'ra, juice of this E. Indian plant is used in 
aphthae and fevers. 
Barley, bar'le. Hordeum. B. bree, cerevisia. B., 
caus'tic, seeds of Veratrum sabadilla. B. corn, cere- 
visia. B. flour or meal, see Hordeum. B. malt, see 
Hordeum. B. mole, acarus hordei. B., pearl, see 
Hordeum. B., Scotch, hordeum. B. water, decoc- 
tum hordei. 
Barnes's cer'vical zone. Part of cavity of uterus 
above cervix. B.'s curve, segment of a circle taking 
promontory of sacrum as its centre. 
Baromacrometer, bar - o - mak - rom' et - ur (baros, 
133 
BARYODMIA 
weight, makros, long, metron, measure). Instrument 
to indicate length and weight of the new-born. 
Barometer (bar-om'et-ur) or Ba'roscope (baros, 
weight, metron, measure). Instrument to measure 
weight or pressure of the atmosphere. Certain degree 
of density is necessary for health. B., an'eroid, 
barometer with thin metallic box, previously ex- 
hausted of air, and furnished with an index to de- 
note the changes of atmospheric pressure. 
Barometrograph, bar-o-met'ro-graf (baros, weight, 
metron, measure, grapho, to write), or Bar'ograph. 
Instrument which records the different barometric 
changes on paper. 
Baros, bah'ros (weight). Feeling of lassitude. 
Barosaneme, bar-os'an-em (baros, weight, anemos, 
wind). Instrument for indicating force of the wind. 
Baroscope, bar'o-scop. Barometer. 
Barosma betulina (bar-oz'ma bet-u-le'nah), B. 
crena'ta or crenula'ta, and B. serratifo'lia (barns, 
heavy, osme, odor) furnish the long buchu leaves. 
Diosma crenata. 
Barred pelvis, bard pel'vis. Projection or prolon- 
gation of symphysis pubis inward, rendering delivery 
difficult. B. teeth, molar teeth when roots are spread 
or tortuous, so that they cannot be extracted without 
being broken or without portion of alveolar arch being 
removed. 
Bar'rel chest. Condition of chest after chronic 
hypertrophic pulmonary emphysema, in which lateral 
motion is impeded. B. of ear, tympanum. 
Bar'ren. Sterile. 
Barrenness, bar'ren-ness. Sterility. 
Barringto'nia acutan'gula. Bengalese plant; root 
is laxative and tonic; seeds are carminative. B. 
racemo'sa, tree of E. Indies; fruit is errhine, and 
applied externally in throat affections. 
Bar'rows' grease. Adeps praeparatus. 
Barsa'ti. Atropic carcinoma, a disease of horses, 
especially of India. 
Bartholinitis, bar-tho-lin-e'tis (from derivation, 
inflammation of Bartholin). Inflammation of Bar- 
tholin's or vulvo-vaginal glands. 
Bartholinus (bar-tho-le'nus), duct of. See Duct of 
Bartholinus. B., glands of, Cowper's gland in the 
female. 
Bar'ton's ban'dage. See Figure of 8. B.'s frac'- 
ture, see Fracture of Radius, Barton's. B.'s opera'- 
tion for ankylo'sis, cutting out V-shaped portion of 
bone, first devised and executed by Dr. John Rhea 
Barton of Philadelphia, in 1826. 
Bart'sia odonti'tes. Plant of Asia and Europe, 
used in menorrhagia and odontalgia, 
Baruria, bar-u're-ah (6an/, ouron, urine). Urine 
having high specific gravity. 
Barzwood. Pterocarpus angolensis. 
Bar'y (bans, heavy). In composition, heavy, op- 
pressive. 
Barycoccalon, bar-e-kok'kal-on (bary, kokkalos, a 
nut). Datura stramonium; D. metel. 
Barycoi'a, Baryecoe'a, or Baryecoia, bar-e-ek-oi'ah 
(akoe, hearing). Hardness of hearing; incomplete 
deafness. See Cophosis and Deafness. 
Baryencephalia, bar-e-en-sef-al'e-ah (bary, enkeph- 
alos, brain). Dulness of comprehension or of in- 
tellect. 
Baryglossia (bar-e-glos'se-ah) or Baryglot'tia (bary, 
glossa, tongue). Balbuties; baryphonia. 
Baryglottic (bary, glossa, tongue). Having difficulty 
in expressing one's self in words, or with thickening of 
speech. 
Baryi hydras iodati, bar'e-e he'dras i-o-dat'e. Ba- 
ryta, hydriodate of. 
Barylalia, bar-e-lal'e-ah (fary, lalia, speech). Bary- 
glossia ; baryphonia. 
Barymas'tus (bary, mastos, breast). Having large 
breasts. 
Barymazia (bar-e-maz'e-ah) or Baryma'sia (bary, 
mazos, breast). Condition of one who has heavy or 
large breasts. 
Baryod'mia (bary, odme, odor). Strong oppressive 
odor; sense of offensive smell. BARYODYNE 
Baryodyne, bar-e-od'in-e (bary, odune, pain). Dull, 
heavy pain. 
Baryceccea, bar-e-e-se'ah. Barycoia. 
Baryphonia, bar-e-fo'ne-ah (bary, phone, voice). 
Difficulty or harshness of voice or speech; hoarseness. 
Barypicron, bar-e-pik'ron (bary, pikros, bitter). Ar- 
temisia abrotanum. 
Barysomatia (bar-e-so-mah'she-ah) or Barysomia 
(bary, soma, body). Polysarcia adiposa; obesity. 
Baryta, bar-i'tah (barus, heavy). Protoxide of ba- 
rium, Heavy earth, Ponderous earth. This earth and 
its soluble salts are corrosive poisons, never employed 
in medicine in pure state; externally applied, it is 
caustic, like potassa and soda. B., car'bonate of, 
barium carbonate. B., hydri'odate of, barium iodide. 
B. hydrio'dica, barium iodide. B., hydrochlo'rate or 
mu'riate of, barium chloride. B. muriat'ica, barium 
chloride. B., sul'phate of, barium sulphate. B. 
wa'ter, solution of barium hydrate in water. 
Bary'tse carbo'nas. Barium carbonate. B. hydri'- 
odas, barium chloride. B. mu'rias, barium chloride. 
B. sul'phas, barium sulphate. 
Barythymia, bar-e-thim'e-ah (bary, thumos, mind). 
Melancholy. 
Barytium (bar-ish'e-um) or Baryum, bar'e-um. 
Barium. 
Ba'sad. Toward basal aspect. 
Ba'sal. Relating to the base, as base of brain ; 
basi-sphenoid. B. gan'glia, optic thalami and cor- 
pora striata. B. mem'brane, basement membrane. 
Basalia, bas-al'e-ah. Metacarpal bones. 
Basanastragala, bas-an-as-trag'al-ah (basanos, tor- 
ture, astragalus). Pain in ankle-joint; gout in foot. 
Basculation, bas-ku-la'shuu. Treatment of uterine 
retroversion by drawing cervix downward and thrust- 
ing fundus upward ; movement of foetus, like a bal- 
ance. 
Bascule (bas'kule) move'ment. Peculiar recoil of 
the heart which occurs during systole. 
Base. Foundation or support; principal matter 
in mixture or combination. In anatomy in former 
sense, as base of cranium, base of brain, base line 
(line connecting rotary centres of the eyes), etc. In 
dentistry, a plate used as support for artificial teeth. 
In prescribing, the base is the chief substance enter- 
ing into a compound formula. In chemistry, body 
capable of combining with an acid. B. line, see 
Base. B., organ'ic, organic alkaloid. 
Baseball pitcher's arm. Condition as naturally 
expected from the occupation, attended with my- 
algia and muscular debility, and subsequently with 
affections of the bones. 
Baseborn'. Illegitimate. 
Base'dow, disease of (after Von Basedow, who de- 
scribed it). Exophthalmic goitre. 
Basella alba, bas-el'lah al'bah. Plant of E. Indies; 
leaves are emollient and used as cataplasms. B. ru'- 
bra, Malabar nightshade; Indian plant, juice of which 
is used in infantile catarrh. 
Base'ment mem'brane. See Membrane. 
Baseo-hyo-epiglotticus, bas'e-o-he'o-ep-e-glot'tik- 
us. Occasional muscle from hyoid bone to base of 
epiglottis. 
Ba'ses, organ'ic. In chemistry, organic nitrog- 
enous compounds which act on bases. See Base. 
Bas-fond, bah-fon (F.). Base of bladder. 
Ba'sham's mix'ture. Mixture of tincture of chlo- 
ride of iron, diluted acetic acid, solution of acetate 
of ammonium, elixir of orange syrup, and water; 
officinal in Ph. U. S. under name ifesiwra ferri et am- 
monii acetatis; dose, 
Ba'sial. Basal; body of vertebra. 
Basi-alveolar, ba'se-al-ve'o-lar. Relating to basion 
and alveolus. B.-a. length, distance between basion 
(point of anterior surface of occipital foramen lying 
in median line) and alveolar point (centre of ante- 
rior edge of upper alveolar arch). 
Basiarachni'tis. Inflammation of arachnoid at 
base of skull. 
Basia'tio, bas-e-ah'she-o (Joasio, to kiss). Kissing; 
coition. 
134 
L BASILICON 
Basiator, bas-e-ah'tor (same etymon). Orbicularis 
oris. 
Ba'sic. Eelating to a base. 
Basic'ity, ba-sis'it-e. Term signifying the number 
of atoms of replaceable hydrogen in an acid. 
Basi-cranial, ba'se-kra'ne-al. Eelating to base of 
cranium. B.-c. ax'is, line drawn within cavity of 
skull, from central point between condyles of occip- 
ital bone to point of union of ethmoid and anterior 
part of body of sphenoid. 
Ba'si-fa'cial. Eelating to face and base of skull, 
as B. angle, angle made by intersection of basi-facial 
and basi-cranial axes; B.-f. ax'is, line from centre 
of superior part of sphenoid bone to that of alveolar 
process of upper maxillary bone. 
Basifier, ba'se-fi-ur. In chemistry, a substance 
which converts a body into a base. 
Basigenic, ba-se-jen'ik (basis, base, gennao, to pro- 
duce). In chemistry, bodies which do not neutralize 
metals, but form with them electro-negative com- 
pounds. 
Basi-hyal (ba'se-hi'al) or Ba'si-hy'oid. Base of 
hyoid bone; separate bone in some animals. 
Bas'il bush. Ocymum caryophyllatum. B. cit'- 
ron, Ocymum basilicum. B., com'mon, Ocymum ba- 
silicum. B., small, Ocymum caryophyllatum. B., 
wild, Chenopodium vulgare, Cunila mariana, and 
Pycnanthemum incanum. 
Basilad, bas'il-ad. Toward the basilar aspect. 
Basilar (bas'il-ar), Bazsal, or Bas'ilary. Belonging 
to the base, especially base of skull. A name given 
to several parts seeming to serve as basis to others, as 
sacrum and sphenoid. See Basio-occipital. B. an'gle, 
angle included between radii from anterior edge of 
foramen magnum to prominent parts of cranium. B. 
angle of jaw, angle formed by lines from outer side 
of angle of each lower jaw to symphysis. B. apophz- 
ysis, B. process. B. ar'tery, union of two vertebral 
arteries; ascends along middle groove on inferior sur- 
face of tuber, terminates in posterior cerebral arte- 
ries. B. as'pect, aspect toward base of the head. B. 
bone, see Basilar and Basio-occipital. B. cell, nucleated 
matter at base of Corti's rod in internal ear. B. 
diam'eters, diameters of basilar region of cranium. 
B. fi'bres, fibres of basilar membrane of cochlea. B. 
fos'sa, upper surface of basilary process; groove for 
basilar artery on pons Varolii. B. groove, B. fossa. 
B. mem'brane, see Corti and Membrana basilaris. B. 
meningi'tis, inflammation of meninges at base of 
brain. B. plex'us, transverse sinus. B. pro'cess, 
Cuneiform process, bony projection formed by inferior 
angle of os occipitis, which is articulated with sphe- 
noid ; lower extremity of outer hair-cells of organ of 
Corti. B. ra'dii, lines projected from median point of 
anterior border of occipital foramen to selected points 
on skull. B. si'nus, sinus transversus. B. sur'face, 
inferior surface of b. process, covered by mucous mem- 
brane of pharynx. B. su'ture, suture between bas- 
ilar process of occipital bone and sphenoid. B. vein, 
vein from base of brain emptying into vein of Galen. 
B. ver'tebra, last vertebra of loins, fifth lumbar. 
Basilem'ma. Basement membrane. 
Basilic, bas-il'ik (basilikos, royal). Name given by the 
ancients to parts which they conceived to be important 
in the animal economy. B. vein, one on which blood- 
letting is performed, situate at internal part of fold 
of humeral artery, and formed by interior and poste- 
rior cubital veins and median basilic; terminates in 
axillary vein. It was formerly thought basilic of 
right arm had some connection with liver, hence it 
was called hepatic; vein of the left arm, for similar 
reason, was called splenic. Median basilic vein is a 
branch of preceding, joins median cephalic by trans- 
verse branch, and receives branches of deep radial 
and cubital veins and subcutaneous vein-common 
median. 
Basil'lcon (basilikos, royal). Ointment of yellow 
wax, black pitch, resin, and olive oil; hence called 
Unguentum tetrapharmacum (four drugs). In most 
pharmacopoeias it is represented by Unguentum or Cte- 
ratum resinse ; used as stimulating ointment. BASILICUM 
Basil'icum. Basilicon, Ocymum basilicum. B. 
citra'tum, Ocymum basilicum. B. ma'jus, Ocymum 
basilicum. 
Basilis'cus. Syphilis; corrosive sublimate. 
Bas'ilo-bregmat'ic. Belonging to basilar process 
and bregma, as basilo-bregmatic diameter. 
Basilo-mental, bas'il-o-men'tal. Relating to basilar 
process and chin, as basilo-mental radius, line from 
basion to anterior point of chin. 
Basilysis, bas-il'is-is (basis, lusis, dissolution). De- 
struction of fcetal skull by force, as in cranioclasty, or 
by perforation, the instrument being called Basilyst. 
Ba'sin. Pelvis. 
Basi-nasal (ba'se-na'sal) length. Distance between 
basion and middle point of naso-frontal suture. 
Ba'sio (basis, base). In composition, base. 
Basio-alveolar, ba'se-o-al-ve'ol-ar. Relating to 
basion and centre of upper edge of alveolar arch. 
Basi-occipital, ba'se-ok-sip'it-al (basis, base, occip- 
italis, occipital bone). Basilar process of occipital 
bone. Relating to base of brain and occipital region. 
See Basio-occipital. 
Basio-ceratochondroglos'sus (basio, keras, cornu, 
chondros, cartilage, glossa, tongue). Hyoglossus. 
Ba'sio-ceratoglos'sus (basio, keras, cornu, glossa, 
tongue). Part of hyoglossus, inserted into cornu of 
os hyoides and base of tongue. 
Basio-ces'trum (basio, kestra, a dart). Instrument 
for opening head of fcetus in utero. 
Basio-deltoideus, bas-e-o-del-to-i'de-us. Part of 
deltoid inserted on spinal part of scapula. 
Basio-glos'sus (basio, glossa, tongue). Portion of 
hyoglossus inserted into base of os hyoides. See Lin- 
gual muscles. 
Basio-humeralis, bas-e-o-hu-mer-al'is. Levator cla- 
viculae muscle. 
Basio-keratochondroglossus (bas-e-o-ker-a-to-kon- 
dro-glos'sus) or Basio-keratoglossus, bas-e-o-ker-at-o- 
glos'sus. Hyoglossus muscle. 
Basion, bas'e-on. Middle point of anterior margin 
of occipital foramen. 
Basio-occipital, ba'se- o - ok - sip'it - al. Relating to 
base of brain and occipital region; basilar process. 
The latter is called basilar bone when separate, as in 
some fishes. 
Basio-pharyngse'us, bas-e-o-far-in-ge'us. Fibres of 
constrictor pharyngis medius. 
Basioticum, bas-e-ot'ik-um. Small foetal bone be- 
tween basi-occipital and basi-sphenoid bones. 
Basiotribe, bas'e-o-tribe (basio, tribo, to destroy). 
Instrument for crushing base of skull of foetus. 
Operation is called Basiotripsy. 
Basiotripsy, bas-e-o-trip'se. See Basiotribe. 
Ba'sis. Base. See Prescription. B. cer'ebri, base 
of the brain. B. cor'dis, radix cordis. B. cor'poris, 
sole. B. cra'nii, base of skull. B. infundib'uli, tu- 
ber cinereum. B. mandib'ulse or maxil'lse inferi- 
o'ris, horizontal ramus of lower jaw. B. na'si, base 
of outer part of nose. B. occip'itis, basilar process. 
B. of pe'duncle, see Peduncles of the brain. B. 
pleu'rse, part of sac of pleura below the lung. B. 
scap'ulse, spinal edge of scapula. B. ver'tebrse, body 
of vertebra. B. vesi'cse, base of bladder. 
Basi-sphenoid, ba'se-sfe'noid. Back part of body 
of sphenoid bone; separate bone in foetus and in 
some animals. 
Basi-tem'poral, ba-se-tem'por-al. Small tongue-like 
process on upper surface of sphenoid. 
Bass or Bast. Linden tree; also its inner bark. 
Bass-deaf'ness. Inability to distinguish low notes. 
Bassia butyracea, bas'se-ah bu-te-rah'se-ah. Genus 
Sapotacese; Indian butter tree. Expressed oil from 
it is used in rheumatism. B. latifo'lia and B. longi- 
fo'lia of E. Indies yield expressed oil, doli oil. 
Basso'ra gum. Gum originally from neighbor- 
hood of Bassora. Insoluble portion is peculiar prin- 
ciple, bassorin, CsHioOs. The gum is not used in medi- 
cine, but to adulterate tragacanth. 
Bas'sorin. See Bassora gum. 
Bass'wood. Tilia Americana. 
Bas'tard (Celt, bos or boas, fornication, tardd, source). 
135 
• BATH 
Illegitimate, hybrid, spurious. B. car'damom, seed of 
Amomum xanthoides. B. dit'tany, Dictamnus albus. 
B. ipecacuan'ha, root of Asclepias currasavica of W. 
Indies. B. mea'sles, rubella. B. peVlitory, Achillea 
ptarmica. B. saf'fron, florets of Carthamus tinctorius. 
Bas'tardy. Illegitimacy. 
Bas-ventre (F.). Inferior part of abdomen. 
Basyl, ba'sil. Electro-positive or metallic ingredi- 
ent of a salt. 
Basylous, bas'il-us. Referring to basyl. 
Bata, bah'tah. Musa paradisiaca. 
Batata (bah-tah'tah) jalap'a. Mexican root; drastic. 
B. de pur'ga, purgative, feculent, gum-resinous roots 
of two plants of Convolvulaceae of Brazil, one called 
Jeticucu, Mechoacan, Convolvulus Mechoacanna, Piptos- 
tegia pisonis; the other, Convolvulus operculatus, Ipo- 
meea, or Piptostegia operculata. 
Batatas, bah-tah'tas. Several tuberous roots of 
Peru, especially Convolvulus batatas or Sweet potato. 
The word potato comes from this. See Solanum tubero- 
sum. B. edu'lis, Convolvulus batatas. 
Bate'man's drops. Pectoral drops. 
Bath. Immersion or stay, for longer or shorter du- 
ration, of the whole or a part of the body in some 
medium, as water. The vessel in which water is put 
for bathing; public or private establishment for bath- 
ing. Baths may be local or general, that is, applied 
to a part or to the whole of the body ; they may be 
classified as follows (Brunton): 
CLASSIFICATION OF BATHS. 
Ordinary full bath. 
Affusions. 
Spray. 
Sitz-bath. 
Foot-bath. 
Cold pack. 
Compresses. 
Douches. 
Cold, 
A. Simple, 
Tepid bath. 
Warm bath. 
Hot bath. 
Hot foot-bath. 
Hot sitz-bath. 
Hot, 
I. Water 
bath. 
' Sea-bathing. 
Common saline bath. 
Artificial sea-water, 
made by dissolving 
bay-salt in water (1 
lb. of salt in 30 gals, 
of water). 
Carbonic acid and sa- 
line. 
Acid bath. 
Alkaline bath. 
Sulphurated bath. 
Mustard bath. 
Pine bath (Fichtenna- 
delbad). 
B. Medicated, 
II. Vapor 
bath. 
A. Aqueous, 
Simple, 
f Russian. 
Simple 
( vapor. 
B. Volatilized drugs-e. g. calomel. 
Medicated, Vinegar. 
III. Air bath. Turkish bath. 
In Pharmacy, vessel placed over the fire, and filled 
with any substance, into which another vessel is placed 
containing matters for digestion, evaporation, or dis- 
tillation. 
Bath, ac'id. (Acid, muriat. Ibij, aquae cong. Ixvi; 
one-half, one-third, or one-fourth the quantity of acid 
is more frequently employed). A bath of dilute aqua 
regia is used in India as a remedy in hepatic diseases; 
a pint of aqua regia (nitromuriatic acid) is mixed 
with equal quantity of water. Acid bath consists of 
three ounces of this dilute acid to every gallon of 
water. B., air, B. in which body is exposed to air. 
B., a., hot, see Bath, hot. B., a., warm, see Bath, hot. 
B., al'kaline, made of half pound or pound of pearl- 
ash or carbonate of sodium to sixty-six gallons of 
water. B., an'imal, consists in wrapping an animal, 
recently killed, or its skin, around the body or some BATH 
part of it. B., antipso'ric, recommended in cases of 
itch and other cutaneous diseases (potass, sulphuret. 
aquae cong. lx). B., antisyphilitic, mercurial 
bath; made by dissolving from two drachms to an 
ounce of corrosive chloride of mercury in sixty gal- 
lons of water. B., arm, bath for the arm. B., arti- 
ficial sea-water, 1 part common salt to 30 parts of 
water. B., astrin'gent, B. containing tannic acid, 
oak bark, etc., used for ulcerations and cutaneous dis- 
eases. B., balsamic, B. made of balsamic materials 
or turpentines, used in diseases of the head. B., 
blood, B. containing freshly-drawn blood. B., bran, 
B. containing bran, used in eczema and burns. B., 
brine, B. of salt water, used in scrofula, rheumatism, 
and to act on kidneys. B., cam'phor, camphor on 
hot plate, vapor being inhaled. B., chalyb'eate, B. 
containing soluble preparation of iron; presumably 
tonic. B., chemical, B. consisting of a medium, as 
sand, water, etc., surrounding the substance to be 
heated. B., chlorinated, chlorine-vapor bath made 
antiseptic or antiparasitic with chlorine or chlorinated 
lime or soda. B., cold or cool, see Bath, hot; employed 
as tonic and stimulant, and to reduce bodily tempera- 
ture in fevers, etc. B., douche, see Douche. B., dry, 
one made of ashes, salt, sand, etc.; ancients used 
these for therapeutical purposes. B., earth, B. in 
which earth is used as medium; arenatic. B., East- 
ern, stove, Turkish bath; Egyptian bath. B., Egyp'- 
tian, form of Turkish bath, in which temperature is 
raised to highest point and gradually lowered to start- 
ing-point again. B., elec'trlc, consists in placing per- 
son upon insulated stool, communicating, by metallic 
wire, with principal conductor of electrical machine 
in action, or in such position as to include him in gal- 
vanic circuit; bath in which current of electricity is 
produced by decomposition of components of the bath. 
It produces general excitement of all functions, espe- 
cially of circulation and secretion. B., emollient, 
starch oil, bran, malt, or other bath used in burns and 
some skin diseases as emollient to inflamed surfaces. B., 
ferru'ginous; B., chalybeate. B. fe'ver, see Fever, bath. 
B., Fin'nish, Russian b. carried to more elevated tem- 
perature. B., fir-needle, B. from some preparation of 
needles of fir; stimulant and slightly irritating to the 
surface. B., foot, B. for foot, or hot-water b., mustard 
b., etc. B., galvanic, B., electric. B., gas, air baths, 
hot-air baths, vapor baths; Turkish baths are included 
under this head, as well as baths of hydrogen sulphide 
gas, etc. B., gelatinous, made by dissolving gelatin 
or glue in a gallon of water; used to reduce irritability 
of the skin. B., gelatlno-sul'phurous, may be made by 
adding gelatin or glue, previously dissolved in water, 
to sulphur bath. B., gen'eral, one in which whole 
body is plunged, except head ; in contradistinction to 
a partial bath. B., gly'cerin, vapor bath containing 
glycerin. B., grape-lees, B. of fermenting grape-lees; 
tonic, and used in rheumatism. B., half, one adapted 
for half the body, as hips or extremities; Sitz bath 
is tub of cold water in which patient sits for variable 
period; see B., hip. B., hand, bath for the hands. 
B., head, bath for the head; douche or shower bath. 
B., hip, one in which lower part of trunk and upper 
part of thighs are immersed ; Sitz bath. B., hot, bath, 
temperature of which is 98° and upward ; Warm bath, 
from 92° to 98° ; Tepid bath, from 85° to 92° ; Temperate 
bath, from 75° to 85° ; Cool bath, from 60° to 75° ; Cold 
bath, from 30° to 60° ; and Vapor bath, from 100°to 130° 
and upward; see Vaporarium. Warm-air bath or Hot-air 
bath consists of air temperature of which is raised; see 
Stove. B., Indian, Turkish bath combined with mas- 
sage. B., i'odine, one containing iodine with iodide 
of potassium dissolved in water in wooden bath-tub; 
usually produces only slight rubefacient effect, though 
it sometimes causes the epidermis to peel off. B., i'r on, 
B., chalybeate. B., malt, B., emollient. B., medicated 
or medicinal, bath formed of decoctions or infusions 
of vegetable substances, or of any ingredient intro- 
duced into water for therapeutical purposes; M. air or 
M. vapor baths are B. of air or vapor charged with 
medicated matters. B., mercu'rial, B., antisyphilitic. 
B., mud, bath, as of mineral springs, impregnated 
136 
> BATRACHOPLASTV 
with mud; used in rheumatism, gout, paralysis, etc. 
B., must, B., grape-lees. B., mus'tard, foot-bath to 
which mustard is added to produce rubefaction or 
stimulation. B., narcot'ic, water bath containing 
narcotic ingredients. B., nitromuriat'ic acid, see 
Bath, acid. B., oil, emollient bath of oil; see B., emol- 
lient. B., Oriental, Turkishb., Egyptian b., etc. B., 
ox'ygen, gaseous bath of oxygen for inhalation in 
asphyxia and conditions attended with defective aera- 
tion of blood; locally to ulcers. B., pack, bath in 
which the body is enveloped in cloths. B., par'tial, B. 
for use to part of body only, including hand baths, sitz 
baths, douches, etc. B., peat, B. containing peat, 
acting similarly to mud bath. B., pine or pine- 
nee'dle, B. similar to flr-needle b. B., plunge, plung- 
ing into a liquid for bathing purposes. B., Ro'man, 
form of hot-air bath given in series of rooms. B., 
Rus'sian, see Vaporarium ; powerful sudorific agent, 
inapplicable in many cases of disturbed conditions of 
heart and lungs, fevers, etc. B., saline', common salt 
is added to water. B., sand, arenation; B. of sand 
heated to about 120° to 130° F., or of sandy mineral 
springs; diaphoretic effect. B., sea, sea-water bath, 
having stimulant action of cold salt bath. B., sheet, 
B. in which the body is enveloped in cloths. B., show'- 
er, one in which water is made to fall like a shower 
on the body; tonic, and by its shock revulsive, as in 
opium-poisoning; see Douche, etc. B., sitz, see Bath, half, 
and B., hip; used for local action on herniee, intestinal 
spasm ot congestion, etc. B., sol'id, this form of bath 
includes mud b., sand b., earth b., and similar baths 
into which solids enter as important ingredients. B., 
sponge, thorough application of water to surface with 
sponge. B., starch, emollient b. B., steam, B. made 
by introducing steam into properly closed vessel in 
place of water, as in water bath. B., succes'sion, 
transition bath, or one in which there is rapid 
succession or transition from cold to warm or 
hot bath, or conversely. B., sul'phur, sulphur- 
etted bath; one much used in psora and other 
chronic cutaneous affections; composed of diluted 
sulphuric acid, and sulphuret of potassium or of so- 
dium, added to each bath, or simply of sulphuret of 
potassium. B., sul'phur-va'por, vapor bath of gaseous 
sulphurous acid; see Sulphurous acid. B., sun, form 
of air bath in which naked body is exposed to bright 
sunshine. B., sweat'ing, bath employed for sudorific 
effect, as Turkish or Russian bath; achicolum. B., tan, 
astringent bath, prepared by boiling ground oak-bark 
-as used by tanners-in water and then adding de- 
coction to water of bath. B., tem'perate, see Bath, 
hot. B., tep'id, see Bath, hot. B., transition, bath, 
succession. B., Turk'ish, combination of hot and 
vapor baths with cold douche and plunge. B., va'- 
por, see Bath, hot, and Vaporarium. B., warm, see 
Bath, hot. B., water, in Chemistry, vessel filled with 
boiling water or salt water, in which vessel is placed 
containing substance to be evaporated. 
Bathing, bath'ing. See Bath. 
Bath'mis (base, support). Cavity of bone receiving 
eminence of another; especially two fossettes at infe- 
rior extremity of humerus, into which processes of 
ulna are received during flexion and extension of 
forearm; also force as basis of growth. 
Bath'rion, Bath'rum, or Bath'ron (bench). Instru- 
ment for extension of limb in cases of fracture or lux- 
ation. 
Bathycentesis, bath-e-sen-ta'sis (bathus, deep, ken- 
tesis, piercing). Puncturing deeply; acupuncturation. 
Bathymetrical, bath-im-et'rik-al. Relating to bath- 
ymetry. 
Bathymetry, bath-im'e-tre (bathus, deep, metron, 
measure). Measurement of any cavity of the body. 
Bathymorphia, bath - e - mor' fe - ah (fathus, deep, 
morphe, shape). Myopia. 
Bathystixis, bath-e-stiks'is tfathus, deep, stixis, 
puncture). Bathycentesis. 
Batopho'bia (batos, accessible, high, phobos, fear). 
Morbid dread of heights. 
Ba'tos. Rubus idaeus. 
Batrachoplasty, bat-rak'o-plas-ty. See Batrachus. BATRACHUS 
Batrachus, bat'rak-us (frog). Ranula; plastic op- 
eration for its relief is called BaZ?'acliopZasty. 
Batracine, bat'ra-seen. Active principle from skin 
of a batrachian, used as arrow-poison. 
Battalismus (bat-tal-iz'mus) or Battaris'mus {bat- 
tar iso, to stammer). Balbuties. Stammering with inca- 
pacity to pronounce r. 
Bat'talus or Bat'tarus (stammerer). Stutterer. 
Battata Virginiana, bat-tah'tah vur-jin-e-an'ah. 
Solanum tuberosum; see Batatas. 
Battery, electric, bat'ter-e e-lek'trik. Apparatus 
for generating electricity by means of Leyden jars. 
B., con'stant, so called, applied to two-cell batteries, 
because the currents do not weaken as speedily as 
currents from single-cell batteries, and the metals re- 
main all the time in the solution. Term now applied 
to the Voltaic current in contradistinction to the in- 
duced or faradic current. B., galvan'ic or Voltaic, 
battery for generating galvanic electricity; see Cau- 
tery, Electricity, etc. 
Battey's operation. Normal ovariotomy or oopho- 
rectomy; removal of one ovary or both ovaries to 
produce the menopause, for relief of otherwise incur- 
able disease. 
Battisegola, bat-tis-a-go'la. Centaurea cyanus, or 
blue-bottle; Euphrasia officinalis, or eyebright. 
Battledore placenta, bat'tl-dor plas-en'tah. Pla- 
centa with the cord attached near the rim. 
Bat'weed. Lappa major. 
Bauchee. Seeds of Psoralia corylifolia, of E. Indies; 
used for leprosy. 
Bauhin (bo'han), valve of. V. of Tulpius, of Fallo- 
pius, or of Varolius. Ileocsecal or ileocolic valve; valve 
situate transversely where ileum opens into caecum, 
which Bauhin claims to have discovered in 1759. It 
had, however, been previously described. See Frae- 
num. 
Bauhinia acuminata, bo-hin'e-ah ak-u-min-at'ah. 
Leguminous plant of E. and W. Indies and China, 
used as laxative, anthelmintic, and carminative. B. 
angui'na, plant of E. Indies, etc., root of which is an- 
tipyretic. B. articula'ta, tree of tropical Africa; 
bark is astringent. B. tomento'sa, St. Thomas's tree, 
of Africa and Asia; leaves are used in dysentery; 
root-bark is anthelmintic, and used in affections of 
the liver. B. variega'ta, bark of this E. Indian and 
Chinese plant is tonic, alterative, and astringent. 
Baun'scheidtism. Kind of acupuncturation pro- 
posed by person named Baunscheidt, consisting in 
impelling on the skin, by means of a spring, a brush 
of wires, but not so as to draw blood, and then rub- 
bing into the part a stimulating fluid having for its 
base mustard and black pepper or irritant oil. The 
instrument has been called the Awakener on account 
of its energetic revellent action. 
Bay cas'tor. Magnolia glauca. B. rose, Rhodo- 
dendron chrysanthemum. B. rose, American, Rhodo- 
dendron maximum. B. rum, spiritus myrciae. B. salt, 
chloride of sodium. B. sore, disease endemic in Hon- 
duras. B., sweet, laurus. B. tree, Laurus nobilis, 
Magnolia glauca. B., white, Magnolia glauca and M. 
macrophylla. 
Bayberry (ba'ber-e) bark. Bark of Myrica cerifera, 
wax plant, candleberry myrtle. Tonic, stimulant, 
and astringent, used in dysentery. B. tal'low, wax 
obtained from fruit of Myrica cerifera. B. tree, 
Myrcia acris, see Spiritus myrciee. 
Baycu'ru. Plant growing on shores of Rio Grande 
and in S. America, Statica Braziliensis, root of which 
is a powerful astringent. 
Bayle, gray granulations of. Nodes in the lungs, 
tubercular in character, which have undergone 
fibroid degeneration. 
Bazin's disease. Psoriasis of the mouth. 
Bdalsis, dal'sis. Sucking. 
Bdel'la, del'lah. Leech; varicose vein. 
Bdellatomy, del-lat'o-me {bdella, tome, incision). 
Leeching. Incision in side of leech to empty animal 
of blood while it continues to suck. 
Bdellepithesis, del-1 ep-ith'es-is (bdella, leech, epithe- 
sis, application). Application of leeches. 
137 
BECCARIA'S TEST 
Bdellium, del'le-um. Gum-resin from Levant and 
India, from several species of Balsamodendron. 
Bdellometer, del-lom'et-ur (bdella, leech, metron, 
measure). Instrument proposed as substitute for 
leech, consisting of cupping-glass to which scarificator 
and exhausting syringe are attached. 
Bdellus, del'lus (bdellusso, to produce an offensive 
stench), Bdelygmia (del-ig'me-ah), Bdelygmus (dei- 
ig'mus), or Bdolus (do'lus). Passage of wind from 
the rectum. Morbid loathing of food. 
Bdesma, dez'mah. Flatulence, bdellus. 
Bead tree. Melia azedarach. 
Beaded ribs. Nodules distinct to the touch in 
rickets at junction of the ribs with the cartilages. 
Beads, jum'ble or prayer. See Abrus precatorius 
and Jequirity. 
Beak of enceph'alon. Extension forward of frontal 
lobe of cerebrum in lower animals. B. of cal'amus 
scripto'rius is its lower extremity. B. of cor'pus 
callo'sum is its posterior extremity, also B. of en- 
cephalon. B. of sphe'noid bone, rostrum. 
Beaker, be'kur. Small glass vessel used in chemical 
investigations. 
Beal. Phlegmon, suppuration. 
Bealing, be'ling. Pregnant; suppurating. 
Bean. Seed of various Leguminosse, particularly 
the Faba vulgaris. B., bush, phaseolus. B., Cal'- 
abar, ordeal nut. B., Carthage'na, habilla de Car- 
thagena. B., castor, see Bicinus communis. B.,Egyp'- 
tian, Nymphaea nelumbo. B., French, Phaseolus vul- 
garis. B., gar'den, common Vicia faba. B., In'dian, 
catalpa. B., kid'ney, Phaseolus vulgaris. B., Ma- 
lacca, Avicennia tomentosa. B., orde'al, see Ordeal. 
B., pichu'rim, nectandra. B., pon'tic, Nymphaea 
nelumbo. B., red, Abrus precatorius. B., sa'cred, 
Nelumbium luteum. B., St. Igna'tius's, Ignatia 
amara. B., snap, phaseolus. B., string, phaseolus. 
B., ton'ka, Dipterix odorata. B. tree, Catalpa bigno-. 
nioides, Crataegus aria. B. tref 'oil, Cytisus laburnum, 
B., vanil'la, see Vanilla. B., wild, Apios tuberosa. 
Bear'berry. Arbutus uva ursi. 
Beard. Hair covering part of cheek, lips, and chin 
of male sex at puberty. B., first, geneias. 
Bear'ing down. Compression of abdomen, as in 
defecation and parturition. B.-d. pains, pains caused 
by parturient efforts of uterus. 
Bear's bed. Polytrichum juniperinum. B.'s 
breech, Acanthus mollis. B.'s foot, Helleborus foeti- 
dus, Polymnia uvedalia. B.'s fright, Heptalion grave- 
olens. B.'s grapes, fruit of Arbutus uva ursi. B.'s 
grass, Yucca filamentosa. B.'s weed, Eriodictyon 
Californicum, Veratrum viride. B.'s whort'leberry, 
Arbutus uva ursi. 
Beastings. Colostrum. 
Beat. Pulsation, as of the heart or an artery; 
see Heart. B., a'pex, beating of heart against chest- 
wall. B., pulse, pulsation of artery. See Pulse. 
Beating of the heart. See Heart. 
Beaumont (bo'mont) root. Gillenia trifoliata. 
Beaver, be'vur. Castor fiber. B. poi'son, Cicuta 
maculata. B. tree, Magnolia glauca, M. macrophylla. 
B. wood, Celtis occidentalis, Magnolia glauca. 
Bebeeria (beb-e're-ah), Bebeer'ina, Bebe'ria, or 
Bebeerine, beb-e'reen, See Bebeeru. 
Bebee'ru. Tree of British Guiana, bark of which 
yields two alkalies, Bebeerine, C19H21NO3 (Bebeerina, 
Beberia, Nectandria, or Biberine), and Sipeerine. In 
its properties it resembles cinchonas; referred to 
Nectandra rodiei or rodiaei, bark of which is nec- 
tandra, or greenheart bark, ord. Laurineae. Sulphate 
of bebeeria, beberinas sulphas, is employed in same 
cases as sulphate of quinia, hut is not so reliable. 
Muriate or hydrochlorate of b. has also been em- 
ployed. 
Beberia, beb-e're-ah. See Bebeeru. B., sul'phate 
of, see Bebeeru. 
Bebiru, beb-e'ru. Bebeeru. 
Becabunga (bek-ah-bun'gah) or Beccabunga, bek- 
kah-bun'gah. Veronica beccabunga. 
Becca'ria's test. Test for pregnant condition, con- 
sisting in painful pulsation in back of head. BECCICA 
Beccica (bek'kik-ah) or Becha. Bechic. 
Bechsesthesis, bek-ees-tha'sis (bex, cough, aisthesis, 
sensation). Excitement or desire to cough. 
Bechia (be'ke-ah) or Bechias, be'ke-as. Cough; 
hoarseness. 
Bechic, be'kik (bex, cough). Medicine to allay 
cough ; relating to, or caused by, cough. 
Be'chica or Bechita, be'kit-ah. Bechic. 
Be'chion or Bechium, be'ke-um. Tussilago. 
Bechorthopnoea, bek-or-thop-ne'ah (bex, cough, 
ortlios, upright, pneo, to breathe). Whooping cough; 
orthopnoea. 
Bechous, be'kus. Bechic. 
Bech'terew's nu'cleus. Lateral nucleus of an- 
terior root of auditory nerve. 
Bedard's (ba'klar's) hernia. Hernia occurring 
opposite the saphenous orifice. B.'s suture, form of 
suture used in wounds of intestines, by white and 
colored thread. 
Becquerel's pills. See Pill, Becquerel's. 
Becuiba, bek-u-e'bah. Ibicuiba. 
Bed, air. Mattress of rubber or leather that can 
be filled with air. B. case, form of hysteria in which 
the patient lives in bed, under impression that he or 
she is suffering from serious symptoms. B., fracture, 
bed arranged for proper rest and treatment of a 
fractured part. B., hydrostat'ic, water-bed. B. pan, 
pan for use of a patient in bed for purposes of urina- 
tion or defecation. B., water, Arnott's, see Water - 
bed. 
Bedegar (bed'e-gar) or Bed'eguar. Excrescence on 
different species of wild roses, produced by puncture 
of a small insect, cynips rosae, formerly employed as 
lithontriptic, as a remedy for dysuria, and as vermi- 
fuge. 
Bed/lam (from Bethlehem lunatic hospital in Lon- 
don). Hospital for the insane. 
Bedlamite, bed'lam-ite. Insane. 
Bedouin (bed'win) itch. Form of lichen tropicus. 
Bedridden, bed'rid-den. Remaining in bed from 
chronic ailment. 
Bed-sore. Soreness or excoriation from prolonged 
pressure on one spot, as in fevers, chronic disease, etc. 
Bed'straw. Galium verum. B., la'dies', great'er, 
Galium mollugo, Galium verum. B., la'dies', rough, 
Galium asprellum. 
Bee. Formerly used, dried and powdered, as diu- 
retic. B. in the bon'net, insane. 
Bee'bread. See Propolis. B., honey, apis mellifica. 
Beech. Fagus sylvatica. B., Al'bany, Pterospora 
andromedea. B. drop, Orobanche Virginiana, Epiph- 
egus Virginiana. B. drops, false, Hypopitys lanugi- 
nosa. B. mast, see Fagus sylvatica. B. nut, see Fagus 
sylvatica. B. oil, oil expressed from Fagus sylvatica. 
B. tar, procured by destructive distillation from Fagus 
sylvatica; creasote is obtained from it. 
Beef. Flesh of domestic cattle, as ox or cow. See 
Food, animal. B. es'sence. See Beef tea. B., ex'- 
tract of, see Extract of beef. B. juice, see Beef tea. 
B. meal, beef dried and powdered, for use as an 
article of diet by the sick. B. tea, infusion of beef, 
used in debilitating maladies and in convalescence; 
may be made as follows: Take two pounds and a 
half of lean beef, cut in small pieces, into three parts 
of water in an earthen pipkin ; let this simmer, but 
never boil, until the liquor is consumed to a pint and 
a half; then strain carefully. It ought to be entirely 
free from fat or grease. Essence of beef may be made 
by putting a pound of good beef, freed from fat and 
cut into small pieces, into a porter-bottle, corking 
lightly. The bottle is put into boiling water, and 
kept there until water has been boiling at least half 
an hour; as boiling goes on, the cork may be inserted 
a little more tightly to retain contents of bottle; 
juices of beef are thus separated, and constitute the 
essence, which may be seasoned to taste. 
Been. Centaurea behen. 
Beer. Cerevisia. B., black, a vulnerary beer; see 
Falltranck. B., chow'der, see Chowder. B., Jews', see 
Pinus sylvestris. B., pipsis'sewa, see Pyrola umbellata. 
B., spruce, beer prepared by fermentation of mixture 
138 
BELLADONNXE 
of essence of spruce, pimento, bruised, ginger, bruised, 
hops, water, yeast, and molasses; agreeable drink in 
summer. B., tar, see Pinus sylvestris. 
Beer's knife. Triangular - shaped knife used in 
operations for cataract for section of the cornea. B.'s 
operation for cat'aract, operation in which cat- 
aract is extracted by corneal flap without excision 
of iris. 
Beest or Beest'ings. Colostrum. 
Bees'wax. See Cera. 
Beet. Beta. B. su'gar, cane-sugar manufactured 
from the beet. 
Beet'leweed. Galax aphylla. 
Beg'bie's disease. Exophthalmic goitre. 
Beggar's bas'ket. Pulmonaria officinalis. B.'s 
blank'et, Verbascum thapsus. B.'s but'tons, flower- 
heads of Arctium lappa. B.'s lice, Cynoglossum Mo- 
risoni. B.'s ticks, Bidens connata, B. frondosa, Cyno- 
glossum Morisoni. B.'s weed, Polygonum aviculare. 
Beggiatoa, bej-je-ah-to'ah. Genus of Schizomycetes. 
See Bacteria. B. al'ba, sewage fungus, common in 
stagnant and sulphurous water, as are also B. arach- 
noidea and B. leptomitiformis. B. mirabfilis, found in 
sea-water. B. ni'vea, found in sulphurous waters. 
B. roseopersici'na, found in water of rivers and of 
the ocean, from which bacteriopurpurine is obtained. 
Beggiatoa'cese. Family of Bacteria. See Bacteria. 
Begma, beg'mah (bex, cough). Coughing; sputum 
or expectorated matter. 
Begonia, be-go'ne-ah (after M. Begon, French bot- 
anist in St. Domingo). Begonia grandiflora and B. 
tomentosa have astringent roots; used in Peru in 
hemorrhage, scurvy, low fevers, etc. B. ac'ida is 
from Brazil; B. acutifo'lia, from Jamaica; B. gra'- 
cilis, from Mexico; emetic and cathartic. 
Behen abiad, be'hen a'be-ad. Centaurea behen. B. 
al'bum, Centaurea behen. B. offlcina'rum, Cucuba- 
lus behen. B. oil, ben oil. B. vulga'ris, Cucubalus 
behen. 
Beiahala'len. Sempervivum tectorum. 
Beidel'sar. Asclepias procera. 
Bei'gel's dis'ease. Fragility of hair of head, with 
bulbous tumefaction of hair-shafts. 
Beist'ings. Colostrum. 
Bejui'o. Carthagena bean, used as antidote for 
serpent-bites. 
Bel's eye. Belloculus. 
Bela, be'lah. Covolam. 
Be'lse fruc'tus. Bael fruit, covolam. 
Belch'ing. Eructation. 
Belemnoid, bel'em-noid. Belenoid. B. pro'cess, 
styloid process. 
Belenoid (bel'en-oid), Belonoid (bel'on-oid), Belem- 
noid (bel'em-noid), or Beloid, bel'oid (belos, arrow, 
eidos, shape). Arrow-shaped; name given to styloid 
processes in general, Processus belendides. 
Bel'gram oil. Candelwort oil. 
BeTi. Bael. B. oc'ulus, belloculus. 
Bell, an'gles of. Angles formed by meeting of 
vertical line of Bell (axis of vertical line through 
centre of foramen magnum) with Cowper's profile 
line, and with line projected from middle point of 
anterior border of occipital foramen to point of cross- 
ing of supraorbital and median lines. B., Cant'er- 
bury, Campanula trachelium. B., law of, rule that 
anterior roots of nerves are motor; of posterior roots, 
sensory. B. pep'per, Capsicum annuum. B. sound, 
physical sign heard in pneumothorax. B., vertical 
line of, see Bell, angles of. 
Bell's disease or ma'nia. Acute delirium, followed 
by exhaustion and death. B.'s paral'ysis or pal'sy, 
paralysis of facial nerve. B.'s spasm, convulsive tic 
douloureux. 
Belladonna, bel-lah-don'nah (beautiful lady). See 
Atropa belladonna. B. baccif'era, Atropa belladonna. 
B., Japanese, Scopolea japonica. B. juice, juice of 
Atropa belladonna. B. laccif'era, Atropa belladonna. 
B. leaves, Atropa belladonna. B. trichot'oma, Atropa 
belladonna. 
Belladonnse folia (bel-la-don'ne fo'le-ah) or fo'lium. 
Atropa belladonna. B. ra'dix, see Atropa belladonna. BELLADONNIN 
Belladonnin, bel-lah-don'nin. Resinous alkaloid 
from Atropa belladonna root; not important medici- 
nally ; atropine is sometimes so called. 
Bellegu or Belleregi. Myrobalanus. 
Bellflower, bel'flow-ur. Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. 
Bellldoides, bel-le-do-e'des (bellis, eidos, resem- 
blance). Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
Bellini (bel-le'ne), tubes of. See Uriniferous tubes. 
Bellis (bel'lis) or Bel'lus (pretty). Bruisewort, Com- 
mon daisy, Day's eye; ord. Composite. Leaves and 
flowers are acrid, and were at one time considered to 
cure wounds; root is used in scurvy and in pulmonary 
diseases. See Osmitopsis aster iscoides. B. Horten'sis, 
bellis. B. ma'jor, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
B. mi'nor, bellis. B. peren'nis, bellis. B. praten'sis, 
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
Bellocq's can'ula or sound. Instrument used for 
plugging posterior nares in cases of hemorrhage from 
nose. 
Belloculus, bel-lok'u-lus. Gem which the Assyrians 
considered efficacious in cure of diseases. They imag- 
ined the figure of an eye could be seen in it; hence its 
name, Bel's eye, from god Bel. 
Bel'lotas. Ilex major. 
Bellows mur'mur or sound. Blowing sound like 
that of bellows heard occasionally by ear applied to 
chest during contraction of ventricles, auricles, or 
large arteries. It coexists with affections of the 
heart, but is heard also without disease of that 
organ, as when an artery is compressed. B. sound, 
encephalic, this is heard on applying ear to occiput 
or top of head, and is considered to indicate turges- 
cence of vessels or inflammation, compression from 
turgescence giving rise to the sound in question. B. 
s., fu'nic, single murmur of bellows kind, synchronous 
with first sound of heart, due to diminished calibre 
of umbilical arteries, either by pressure or stretching 
of funis, or both. B. s., placent'al, utero-placental 
murmur, uterine murmur or rush; sound heard on 
auscultating over site of placenta in pregnant female. 
It appears to be owing to uterine tumor pressing upon 
large vessels of the mother. 
Bellwort (bel'wurt), small'er. Uvularia perfoliata. 
Belly, belle. Abdomen; formerly all splanchnic 
cavities were called bellies, the lower belly or venter 
infimus being the abdomen; middle belly, venter 
medius, thorax; upper belly, venter supremus, head. 
Also the womb. See Abdomen, Uterus, Venter. Fleshy 
part of a muscle. B. bound, constipated. B. god, 
glutton. B. pot, physconia. 
Bellyache, belle-ake. Colic. B., dry, colica metal- 
lica. B. root, Angelica lucida. 
Bellyband, bel'le-band. Belt, Russian. 
Belmos'chus or Belmuschus, bel-mus'kus. Hibis- 
cus abelmoschus. 
Bel'nileg. Myrobalanus. 
Beloid, be'loid (belos, arrow, eidos, shape). Belenoid. 
B. pro'cess, styloid process. 
Belone, bel'o-ne. Needle. 
Belonephobia, bel-o-ne-fo'be-ah (belone, needle, pho- 
bos, fear). Morbid dread of pins and needles. 
Belonoid, bel'on-oid (belone, needle, eidos, shape). 
Belenoid. 
Belt. Girdle or band around the waist. B., ab- 
dominal, B., Russian. B., mercu'rial, cingulum 
mercuriale. B., Rus'sian, vulgarly, Bellyband, Ab- 
dominal supporter. Broad bandage applied to abdo- 
men to support and make methodical pressure, as 
obstetric binders, utero-abdominal supporters, etc. 
Belulcum, bel-ul'kum (belos, dart, helko, to draw 
out). Instrument for extracting darts or arrows. 
Belzoe (bel'zo-e), or Belzoim (bel'zo-im), or Belzo- 
inum, bel-zo'in-um. Benzoin. 
Ben. Guilandina moringa, Moringa pterygosperma. 
B. of Judse'a, benjamin. B. nut, Guilandina moringa, 
Moringa pterygosperma. B. oil, behen oil. 
Bends. Caisson disease. 
Benedicta sylvestris, ben-e-dik'tah sil-ves'tris. 
Geum rivale. 
Benedictum laxativum, ben-e-dik'tum laks-ah-te'- 
vum (blessed laxative). Confectio sennae. 
139 
' BENZOINATED 
Beneficlum (ben-e-fis'e-um) al'vi. Alm proflwvium. 
Spontaneous diarrhoea, acting favorably in prevention 
or cure of disease. B. natu'rse (benefit of nature), vis 
medicatrix naturae. Case in which disease gets well 
without medical treatment. 
Beneolens, ben-e'o-lens (bene, well, oleo, to smell). 
Sweet-scented medicine. 
Beng. Cannabis. 
Bengal (ben-gal') car'damom. Seed of Amomum 
sublatum. B. el'emi, resin from Canarium commune. 
B. ipecacuan'ha, root of Tylophora asthmatica. B. 
ki'no, juice of Butea frondosa. B. quince, see Covo- 
lam. B. root, cassumuniar. 
Bengale Indorum, ben'ga-le in-do'rum. Cassumu- 
niar. 
Bengi, ben'ge. Hyoscyamus; bangue. 
Benign, be-nine' (bonus, good). Mild, non-malig- 
nant; term applied to a tumor or disease of mild 
character, or to a medicine whose action is not vio- 
lent. 
Benignant, be-nig'nant. Benign. 
Benincasa cerifera, ben-in-kas'ah se-rif'er-ah. E. 
Indian plant, used for fevers, chest affections, dysu- 
ria, etc. 
Ben'jamin. Benzoin. B. bush, Laurus benzoin. 
B., flow'ers of, benzoic acid. 
Benjoinum (ben-jo-e'num) or Ben'jui. Benzoin. 
Ben'ne. Sesamum orientale. B. oil, see Sesamum 
orientale. 
Bennet herb. Geum urbanum, G. Virginianum. 
Benzalcohol, benz-al'ko-hol. Benzyl alcohol. 
Benzaldehyde, benz-al'de-hide. Benzoic aldehyd; 
identical with oil of bitter almonds; may be pre- 
pared from toluol. 
Benzanilide, ben-zan'il-eed. White powder, like 
acetanilide; having same relation to benzoic acid 
that acetanilide has to acetic acid; antipyretic. 
Ben'zen or Benzene'. Benzol. 
Ben'zidam. Aniline. 
Ben'zin (ben-zeen'), Benzinum. Mixture of various 
hydrocarbons obtained in distillation of coal-gas, tar, 
and petroleum. 
Benzoas, ben'zo-as. Benzoate; salt of benzoic 
acid. B. ammoni'acus, ammonium benzoate. B. 
cal'cicus, calcium benzoate. B. lith'icus, lithium 
benzoate. B. na'tricus, sodium benzoate. B. sod'- 
icus, sodium benzoate. 
Benzoate, ben'zo-ate. Compound of benzoic acid 
and a base, as B. of ammonia, ammonii benzoas. B. 
of beta-naph'thol, benzo-naphthol. B. of guai'acol, 
benzosol. B. of men'thol, used in local treatment of 
toothache, neuralgia, and migraine. B. of mer'cury, 
soluble crystalline substance, employed in treatment 
of syphilis. 
Benzoated, ben'zo-a-ted. Benzoinated. 
Benzoe, ben'zo-e. Benzoin. 
Benzoenil, ben-zo'en-il. Vanilla. 
Benzo'lc acid. Flowers of benjamin. This acid, 
C7H6O2, exists in all balsams, but chiefly in benzoin, 
from which it is obtained by sublimation. It is in 
vanilla, canella, urine of infants and of herbivorous 
animals; its odor is aromatic and fragrant; taste hot, 
slightly acidulous, and agreeable; it is soluble in 200 
parts of cold water, and 24 of hot water; it is expec- 
torant and diuretic. See Benzoin. B. al'dehyd, benz- 
aldehyd. 
Benzoin, ben'zo-in. Benjamin; resinous, dry, brit- 
tle substance, concrete juice of Styrax benzoin, Arbor 
benivi, Laurus benzoin, of Sumatra; odor is extremely 
fragrant, taste slightly aromatic; principle used for 
preparation of benzoic acid, employed in some vul- 
nerary tinctures, and as an expectorant; also given in 
inhalation. Benzoic acid, acidum benzoicum (Ph. U. 
S. and Br.), is obtained from it by sublimation; it is 
an ingredient in tinctura opii camphorata or paregoric. 
Purest benjamin is in amygdaloid masses. B. bush, 
Laurus benzoin. B., flow'ers of, benzoic acid. B. 
odorif'erum, Laurus benzoin. 
Benzoinated (ben'zo-in-a-ted) or Ben'zoated. In- 
corporation of benzoic acid with other ingredients in 
ointment, etc., to give pleasant odor. BENZOINUM 
Benzoinum, ben-zo'in-um (Ph. U. S. and Br.). Ben- 
zoin. 
Ben'zol, or Benzen', or Benzene', or Ben'zole. Ily- 
druret or hydride of phenyl, hydrophenyl, CfiHe. Con- 
stituent of coal-gas tar, obtained by distilling coal 
naphtha. Colorless oleaginous liquid of agreeable 
odor; sp. gr. 0.85. Vapor, when inhaled, acts as an- 
aesthetic, and may be diffused through the room in 
whooping cough. It has also been given internally 
for destruction of trichinae, and mixed with lard ex- 
ternally in itch and parasitic skin diseases, and in 
rheumatic and neuralgic cases. 
Benzo-naph'thol (ben' zo - naf' thol), /3-naph'thol 
ben'zoate. White, tasteless, odorless substance, anal- 
gous to /3-naphthol salicylate or betol; diuretic; de- 
presses the temperature and action of heart and 
lungs. 
Benzophe'noneid or Benzophe'noid. Compound 
obtained by decomposition of an aniline dye; germi- 
cide and antiseptic ; used in ulcers and inflammation 
of cornea and purulent keratitis. 
Ben'zosol. Substitution compound of guaiacol, 
colorless, odorless, tasteless powder; used in tubercu- 
losis instead of guaiacol, as being more agreeable to 
the stomach. 
Benzoyl, ben'zoil. Radicle of benzoic acid. B. 
ac'onin, japaconitine. B. an'ilide, benzanilide. B. 
ec'gonin, a product of decomposition of cocaine; 
action like caffeine, not paralysant. B. eu'genel, de- 
rivative of eugenol, colorless, odorless crystals, sup- 
posed to be useful in tuberculosis. B. gly'cocin, hip- 
puric acid. B. guai'acol, benzosol. B. methylec'- 
gonin, B. ecgonin. B. sal'icin, populin. B., sul- 
phon'ic i'mide, saccharin. B. tro'pin, substance 
formed by union of tropin molecule from atropin with 
benzoic acid; anaesthetic and mydriatic. 
Ben'zyl. When the oily matter in balsam of Peru 
undergoes fractional distillation in an atmosphere of 
carbonic-acid gas, and under diminished pressure, it 
furnishes benzyl hydrate or benzylic alcohol, benzoate of 
benzyl, and cinnamate of benzyl. 
Be'raud (ba'ro), lig'ament of, suspensory ligament 
of pericardium. B., valve of, fold of mucous mem- 
brane at bottom of lacrymal sac. 
Ber'baris. Berberis. 
Berberin, bur'ber-in. See Oxyacantha Galeni, Codo- 
cline polycarpa, and Calumba. B., hydro chlo'rate of, 
see Oxyacantha Galeni. B. phos'phate, employed in 
malaria and in vomiting of pregnancy. 
Berberi'na or Berbi'na. See Oxyacantha Galeni. 
Ber'beris. Oxyacantha Galeni. B. aquifo'lium, 
mountain grape, Oregon grape; grows in Western N. 
America; tonic and alterative. B. arista'ta, B. 
Aslatica, from E. Indies; tonic and antiperiodic. 
B. Canaden'sis, see Oxyacantha Galeni. B. Chinen'sis, 
Chinese species, used for headache, weak eyes, etc. 
B. frutico'sa, Jamaica shrub; antisyphilitic. B. Ly'- 
cium, similar source and properties to B. Canadensis; 
used as local application in diseases of the eyes. B. 
vulga'ris, common barberry of Europe and U. States; 
root, leaves, and fruit are all used medicinally; 
tonic, astringent, and antiscorbutic. 
Ber'berry. Barberry. 
Bereniclum, ber-en-is'e-um. Nitrate of potash. 
Bergamot, burg'am-ot. Small orange of very agree- 
able taste and peculiar odor; from its rind' an oil, 
oleum bergamii (Ph. U. S.), oil of bergamot, is ob- 
tained, much employed as a perfume, and sometimes 
in medicine. B. cam'phor, solid greasy compound 
derived from bergamot oil. 
Bergaptene, burg-ap'ten. Oil of bergamot. 
Bergeron's (bare'jer-on's) disease. Localized 
rhythmic chorea. 
Beriberi, ber'i-ber-i. Beri-beri (beri, Singhalese for 
weakness, beriberi, great weakness). Disease of E. 
Indies, little known in Europe, bad sickness of Ceylon, 
acute anaemic dropsy, consisting in debility and trem- 
ors of limbs or of whole body, painful numbness of 
affected parts, etc., patient walking doubled, anaemia, 
etc.; form of cachexia, in which there is great muscu- 
lar debility and feebleness of reparatory powers. It 
140 
BETULA 
is almost always incurable, frequently fatal; treated 
by exercise, stimulant friction, sudorifics, etc. It seems 
to attack principally natives of Japan. Sometimes 
called Barbiers, although many consider this a dif- 
ferent disease. Aden or Yemen ulcer is said to occur 
in conditions of system like that in beriberi. It 
affects the leg, frequently sloughing. Cochin China 
ulcer closely resembles yemen. B., drop'sical, 
ankylostomiasis. 
Bernard', duct of. Accessory duct of pancreas. 
Bernardin, ber-nar'din. Glycogen, named from 
Bernard, the French biologist. 
Ber'ries, In'dian. See Menispermum cocculus. B., 
Turk'ey, yel'low, see Piper cubeba. 
Bertin, bones of, or spongy bodies of (after Bertin, 
French anatomist). Sphenoidal cornua. B., columns 
of, processes of cortical substance of kidney, extend- 
ing between pyramids of Malpighi as far as hilus. 
B., lig'ament of, ilio-femoral ligament. 
Bertrand's su'ture. Continued suture resorted to 
in w'ounds of the intestines. 
Berula (ber'u-lah) or B. angustifo'lia. Sium. 
Beryl'lium. Glucinum. 
Besenna, bes-en'nah. Bark of Albizzia anthel- 
mintica. 
Beta, be'tah. The beet, ord. Chenopodiacese. 
Genus of plants, of which following are chief varieties: 
B. ci'cla or cy'cla, grows in S. Europe; used as sub- 
stitute for spinach; leaves, emollient, are applied to 
raw surfaces, wounds, etc. B. hy'brida, root of 
scarcity; nutritive, yielding sugar. B. vulga'ris 
al'ba, white beet; root yields sugar; leaves are eaten 
as substitute for spinach. B. v. ru'bra, red beet; 
root red and nutritive; yields large quantity of 
sugar; was used in diseases of liver and spleen and 
in phthisis. 
Betaine, be'tane. C5H13NO3. Ptomaine from cot- 
ton seed, Beta vulgaris; from human urine, etc.; it is 
not poisonous. See Ptomaines (table). 
Beta-naphthol, be'tah-naf'thol. Hydronaphthol; 
form of naphthol isomeric with a-naphthol (C20H8O2), 
obtained from naphthalin ; in white flakes, odorless, 
slightly soluble in water, more soluble in alcohol and 
ether. It is an intestinal antiseptic and a bactericide; 
used in typhoid fever and chronic diarrhoea; exter- 
nally, in ointment, in prurigo, strength of 5 per cent, 
with lard or lanolin ; internally, dose, gr. iss-iv. Has 
been used in chronic disease of the middle ear. B., 
ben'zoate of, antiseptic and diuretic; used in phthisis; 
benzo-naphtol. 
Beta-nitrophenyl-piperazine. Derivative of piper- 
azin ; is therapeutic; value undetermined. 
Beta-quinine, be'tah-kwi'nine. Quinidine. 
Betayne, be'tane. Betonica officinalis. 
Be'tel. Species of pepper cultivated in India; 
leaves are chewed with lime and areca; tonic and as- 
tringent. 
Beth'root or B., broad'leaf. Trillium latifolium. 
Be'tol. Naphtalol, Naphtosalol, Salinaphtol, Salicylate 
o f naphtol ether, Salicylate of beta-naphtol; white, 
odorless, tasteless powder, soluble in oil and alcohol; 
obtained by reaction between beta-naphthol and sali- 
cylic acid in presence of a dehydrating agent, such as 
oxychloride of phosphorus. It is antiseptic, antipy- 
retic ; used in cystitis, catarrh of bladder, and articu- 
lar rheumatism, and externally in bougies in gonor- 
rhoea; dose, gr. iv-viij. 
Betonica (be-ton'ik-ah) al'ba. B. officinalis. B. 
aquat'ica, Scrophularia aquatica. B. monta'na, Arni- 
ca montana. B. offlcina'lis, Betony, Wood betony, ord. 
Labiatae; formerly employed, in flowers and leaves, 
in decoction, in gout, sciatica, cephalalgia, etc.; the 
leaves are aperient, the root emetic. B. Paul'i, ve- 
ronica. B. vulga'ris, B. officinalis. 
Betony, bet'o-ne. Betonica officinalis. B., Paul's, 
Lycopus sinuatus, Lycopus Virginicus, veronica. B. 
wa'ter, Scrophularia aquatica. B. wood, Betonica 
officinalis. 
Betula alba, bet'u-lah al'bah. Birch, order Betu- 
laceae; young leaves are astringent and bitter; applied 
to wounds and ulcers; they are antiscorbutic, diapho- BETULIN 
retie, and anthelmintic. The saccharine juice or sap 
is antiscorbutic and diuretic; bark is aromatic and as- 
tringent; oil or pitch from it is used, like other 
forms of pitch, in cutaneous affections, also in gonor- 
rhoea. B. al'nus, Alnus glutinosa. B. emargina'ta, 
Alnus glutinosa. B. glutino'sa, Alnus glutinosa. B. 
len'ta, Sweet birch, Black birch, Cherry birch, Mountain 
mahogany; American species, bark and leaves of which 
have smell and taste of Gaultheria procumbens. In- 
fusion is used as excitant and diaphoretic; bark and 
leaves are stimulant and diaphoretic; volatile oil is 
nearly identical with that of gaultheria. Gaultheria 
is obtained from the leaves and bark. B. na'na, 
dwarf birch; mountainous shrub of Switzerland; the 
sap is used in gout, and applied externally in skin 
diseases. 
Bet'ulin. Crystalline resinous substance (GjgHgoOs) 
from inner bark of Betula alba. 
Bevilac'qua. Hydrocotyle Asiatica. 
Bex (cough). Cough; tussis. B. convulsi'va, per- 
tussis. B. hu'mida, expectoration; cough with expec- 
toration. B. sie'ea, dry cough. B. theri'odes, per- 
tussis. 
Bexaguillo. White ipecacuanha, growing in Peru. 
Bex'is. Cough. 
Bezoar, bez'o-ar. Calculous concretion, found in 
stomach, intestines, and bladder of herbivorous ani- 
mals, and esteemed alexipharmic. It was believed 
that no poison, no eruptive or pestilential disease, 
could resist its influence. Various chemical agents 
were prepared with similar notions as to their pro- 
phylactic and curative powers in a number of dis- 
eases. 
Bezoardic, bez-o-ar'dik. Concerning bezoards. Med- 
icines supposed to possess same properties as bezoard; 
as antidotes, alexiteria, alexipharmics, cordials. B. 
acid,, acid found occasionally in bezoardic concretions 
of animals. 
Bezoardica radix, bez-o-ar'dik-ah rah'diks. Dor- 
stenia contrayerva. 
Bezoardicum, bez-o-ar'dik-um. Bezoard. B. hu- 
ma'num, urinary calculus, formerly supposed to be 
alexipharmic. 
Bhang. Bangue, hashish; cannabis. 
Bi, Bin (bis, twice). As prefix to words, has same 
signification as Di, twice, double. 
Biarticulate, bi-ar-tik'u-late (bi, articulus, joint). 
Having two joints. 
Biasteric diameter, bi-as'ter-ik di-am'et-ur. Occip- 
ital diameter. 
Biauricular diameter, bi-aw-rik'u-lar di-am'et-ur. 
Distance between auricles on the skull. 
Biauriculate, bi-aw-rik'u-late. Having two auricles, 
as of the heart, or two ears. 
Bibasic, bi-ba'sik (bis, twice, basis, base). Possessing 
two bases, applied to acids, or being able to unite with 
two equivalents of a base. B. salts, see Salt. 
Biberine, be-be'rin. See Bebeeru. 
Bibiru, be-be'ru. Bebeeru. 
Bibitorius, bib-it-o're-us (bibo, to drink). Bectus 
internus oculi, so called from habit of drinker looking 
into the glass. 
Bibliography, medical, bib-le-og'ra-fe, med'ik-al 
(biblion, book, grapho, to describe). Description or 
history, or skill in knowledge of, medical books. 
Bibo'rate. Compound having one part of base to 
two of boric acid. 
Bibro'mide. Compound having one part of an 
element to two of bromine. 
Bibron's antidote, be'bron's ant'e-dote. See Anti- 
dote, Bibron's. 
Bibulous, bib'u-lus. Drinking up or absorbing. 
Bicarbo'nas. Bicarbonate. B. ka'licus, potassium 
bicarbonate. B. nat'ricus, sodium bicarbonate. B. 
potas'sicus, potassium bicarbonate. B. so'dicus, 
sodium bicarbonate. 
Bicar'bonate. Compound having one part of base 
to two of acid. 
Bicaudal, bi-kawd'al (bi, cauda, tail). Retrahens 
auris muscle. 
Bicaudate, bi-kawd'ate. Monster having two tails. 
141 
BIFOCAL 
Bicephalium, bi-sef-al'e-um (bi, kephale, head). 
Large sarcoma on the head, like a double head. 
Bicephalus, bi-sef'al-us. Two-headed. 
Biceps, bi'seps (bi, caput, head). That which has 
two heads. Two muscles, one belonging to the arm, 
the other to the thigh. B. ancone'us, anconeus. B. 
brach'ii or brachiaTis, B. flexor cubiti. B. cru'ris, 
B. flexor cruris. B. cu'biti, B. flexor cubiti. B. ex- 
ten'sor, triceps extensor. B. exter'nus mus'culus, 
long portion of triceps brachialis. B. fem'oris, B. 
flexor cruris. B. flex'or cru'ris, muscle on posterior 
part of thigh; one head arising from tuberosity of 
ischium, the other from great part of linea aspera; 
inserted into top of fibula; serves to bend leg on 
thigh. B. flex'or cubi'ti or f. ra'dii or f. hume'ri, 
muscle situate at anterior and internal part of arm; 
extending from edge of glenoid cavity and from top 
of coracoid process to tuberosity of radius. It bends 
the forearm upon the arm. B. hu'meri or inter'nus 
or inter'nus humeri, B. flexor cubiti. B. ma'nus or 
ra'dii, B. flexor cubiti. B. su'rse, gastrocnemius. 
Bichat (be'shah), canal of. Arachnoid canal. 
Bichichise, bik-ik'e-e (bex, cough). Pectoral medi- 
cines ; compound of one part of an element to twro of 
chlorine. 
Bichlo'ride. Compound of one part of an element 
to two of chlorine. B. of mer'cury, hydargyrum 
chloridum corrosivum. 
Bi'cho. Portuguese name for worm that penetrates 
the toes, pulex penetrans. Gangrene of the rectum. 
Bicipital, bi-sip'it-al (biceps, two-headed). Two- 
headed ; relating to biceps. B. em'inence, B. tuber- 
cle. B. fas'cia, aponeurosis of biceps muscle. B. 
groove, longitudinal groove between tuberosities 
of os humeri, lodging long head of biceps. B. tu'ber- 
cle or tuberos'ity, prominence near the upper extrem- 
ity of the radius, to which the tendon of the biceps is 
attached. 
Bicol'orin. JEsculin. 
Biconcave, bi-kon'kave (bis, twice, concavus, con- 
cave). Doubly concave, both sides being concave; 
term applied to lens, etc. 
Bicon'dylar diam'eter. Diameter of jaw measured 
between given points on the condyles. 
Biconvex, bi-kon'veks (bis, twice, convexus, convex). 
Doubly convex, both sides being convex. 
Bicor'nate (bi, cornu, horn). Having two horns, as 
B. uterus, in which cornua are divergent. 
Bicornis, bi-kor'nis (bis, twice, cornu, horn). Pos- 
sessing or ending in two horns or processes, as the 
hyoid bone. 
Bicus'pid (bi, cuspis, spear). That which has two 
cusps or points, as B. teeth, small molars; see Molar. 
B. valve, mitral valve. 
Bicuspis, bi-kus'pis. Bicuspid tooth. 
Bicy'anide. Compound in which there are two parts 
of the cyanide to one of the combining element. 
Bid'der, gan'glion of. Ganglion in groove between 
auricle and ventricle of the heart. 
Bi'dens acmel'la (bi, dens, tooth). Spilanthus 
acmella. B. bipinna'ta, Spanish needle; indigenous 
plant whose seed and roots are emmenagogue and 
expectorant. B. conna'ta, swamp-beggar's ticks, 
similar properties. B. croca'ta, Mexican plant, ap- 
plied externally to syphilitic ulcers. B. fer'vida, 
Spilanthus oleracea. " B. frondosa, beggar's ticks, 
indigenous; used in croup. B. tetrago'na, Mexican 
plant, leaves used for tea. B. triparti'ta grows in 
Europe; sialagogue. 
Bidet, be-day'. Chamber bathing apparatus to be 
bestridden, in case of hemorrhoids, prolapsus ani, 
affections of sexualorgans, etc. 
Bier'-right, tri'al by. See Trial by bier-right. 
Biestings or biest-milk. Colostrum. 
Bifem'oro- calca'neus. Gastrocnemius. 
Bif 'id. Divided into two parts. 
Biflstular, bi-fis'tu-lar (bis, double, fistula, pipe). 
Possessing two tubes. 
Bifo'cal. Having a double focus, as lens so ar- 
ranged for presbyopia with error of refraction for 
far-sight. BIFORATE 
Biforate, bif'o-rate {bis, twice, foris, opening). Pro- 
vided with two perforations or pores. 
Bifurcation, bi-fur-ka'shun {bi, furca, fork). Divis- 
ion of a trunk into two branches, as B. of trachea, 
aorta, etc. 
Big jaw. Actino-mycosis of cattle. 
Bigaster, bi-gas'ter {bi, gaster, belly). Digastricus. 
Big'bloom. Magnolia macrophylla. 
Bigelo'via vene'ta. Aplopappus discoideus. 
Big'elow's lig'ament. Y-shaped ligament of Bige- 
low; ilio-femoral ligament. B.'s operation, lithol- 
apaxy. B.'s sep'tum, layer of compact osseous tissue 
in neck of thigh-bone. 
Bigeminae eminentiae, be-gem'in-e em-in-en'she-e 
{bi, gemini, twins). Quadrigemina tubercula. 
Bigeminal bodies, bi-gem'in-albod'ees. Quadrigem- 
ina tubercula. 
Biggar. Disease of Bengal with dangerous cerebral 
symptoms. 
Big'leaf. Magnolia macrophylla. 
Biglenoid (bi-glen'oid) diam'eter. Diameter taken 
from one glenoid fossa to the other on the skull. 
Bignonia antisyphilit'ica. Cybistax antisyphilitica. 
B. aquifocialls, W. Indian and S. American plant, 
bark of which is astringent. B. capreola'ta (after 
Abbe Bignon, librarian to Louis XIV.). Root and 
plant employed in syphilis, chronic rheumatism, and 
cachexise in general. B. caro'ba, Jacaranda procera. 
B. catal'pa, catalpa. B. copa'ia, caroba. B. cru- 
ci'gera, B. capreolata. B. In'dica, leaves are em- 
ployed in India as emollients to ulcers. B. leucox'- 
ylon, Trumpet tree; American tree, sap of which is 
antidote against manchineel. B. ophthal'mica, Eye 
root, Eye vine; indigenous in Guiana; pulp or juice of 
root dropped into the eye has been used in ophthalmia. 
B. pur'gans, leaves are antisyphilitic; bark of root is 
purgative. B. radi'cans, Tecoma radicans. B. sem- 
pervi'rens, Gelsemium nitidum. 
Big'paunched. Having a large belly; abdominous. 
Bijugal (bi-ju'gal) diam'eter {bi, jugum, yoke). Di- 
ameter between points of junction of posterior verti- 
cal edge of malar bone and extended upper edge of 
zygoma. 
Bijugular diameter, bi-ju'gu-lar di-am'et-ur. Di- 
ameter between points of junction of masto-occipital 
suture with posterior border of jugular process. 
Bikh. Aconitum ferox. 
Bi'labe {bis, twice, labium, lip). Instrument with 
two blades for removing foreign bodies from the 
bladder through the urethra. 
Bilate (bi'late) of sodium. Picromel. See Glyco- 
cholate. 
Bilateral operation, bi-lat'er-alop-er-a'shun(&i, latus, 
side). See Lithotomy. B. sym'metry, see Symmetry. 
Bilberry, bil'ber-re. Vaccinium myrtillus. B., 
bear's, Arctostaphylus uva ursi. B., red, Vaccinium 
vitis idaea. 
Bile. Yellow, greenish, viscid, bitter, nauseous fluid 
secreted by the liver. It is called Aepatic or cystic 
according as it flows into the duodenum from the liver 
or from the gall-bladder. It consists of water holding 
salts in solution, with coloring matters, fat, and mu- 
cus, the salts being especially those of soda, ammonia, 
and potash, in combination with glycocholic, hyogly- 
cocholic, hyotaurocholic, chenotaurocholic, and tauro- 
cholic acids. Its sp. gr. is 1.020 to 1.026. Several 
pigments have been described in the bile, called bili- 
fulvin, bilirubin, bilifuscin, biliprasin, bilicyanin, 
bilihumin, and cholophoein (which see). See Cholo- 
chrome. The fatty matter of bile chiefly consists of 
cholesterin or eholestriu, combined with fatty acids 
and various products of disintegration of tissue, as 
xanthin, leucin, tyrosin, and hypoxanthin. 
One use of bile is to remove from the body super- 
fluous hydrocarbon, and it also aids digestion by its 
emulsifying power and its action in retarding putrefac- 
tion. The quantity of bile in 24 hours is estimated at 
532.8 cub. cm. (v. Wittich), 453 to 566 g. (Westphalen): 
in round figures 500 g., with specific gravity of 1.0104 
and 2.253 per cent, of solid residue. The proportion 
of solid matter to liquid in the bile is about 14 to 86. 
142 
BILIOUS 
Frerichs and Gorup-Besanez made the following anal- 
ysis of bile from the gall-bladder: 
Composition of the Bile. 
In 100 parts. 
Frerichs. 
Gorup-Besanez. 
Man, 
set. 18. 
Man, 
aet. 22. 
Man', 
an. 49. 
Man, 
set. 68. 
Woman, 
an. 28. 
Boy, 
set. 12. 
Water 
86.00 
85.92 
82.27 
90.87 
89.81 
82.81 
Solids 
14.00 
14.08 
17.73 
9.13 
10.19 
17.19 
Biliary acids with 
alkali 
7.22 
9.14 
10.79 
7.37 
14.80 
Fat 
0.32 
0.92 
4.73 
3.09 
Cholesterin . . . . 
0.16 
0.26 
Mucus and pigment 
2.66 
2.98 
2.21 
1.76 
1.45 
2.39 
Inorganic salts . . . 
0.65 
0.77 
1.08 
0.63 
Furunculus or boil is sometimes called a bile. B. 
acids, see Bile. B., black, atrabilis. B. canalic'uli 
or cap'illaries, minute canals, commencement of 
biliary ducts. B., cys'tic, see Bile. B. ducts, see 
Choledoch duct. B. fat, cholesterin. B. fis'tula, 
opening made artificially between the gall-bladder 
and the bowels. B., green, form of bile met with in 
herbivorous animals; bile exposed to action of gastric 
juice, as in biliary vomit. B., hepat'ic, see Bile. B. 
of ox, Ox-gall; fresh gall of bos taurus (fel bovis, Ph. 
U. S.). Bitter stomachic and anthelmintic ; tonic and 
laxative in cases of deficiency of biliary secretion. 
Inspissated ox-gall is an extract made by heating and 
evaporating ox-gall. B. pig'ment, coloring matter of 
bile; see Bile. B. salts, sodium glycocholate and tau- 
rocholate. B. of swine, Pig's bile, inspissated, has been 
used in the same cases. B., test for, see Pettenkofer. 
Bilharzia haematobia (bil-har'ze-a he-mat-o'be-ah) 
or mag'na (after Dr. Bilharz of Cairo). Distomum 
haematobium. 
Biliary, bil'e-a-re. That which relates to bile. B. 
acids, bile acids; see Bile. B. apparatus, B. or'gans, 
B. pas'sages, collection of parts concurring in secretion 
and excretion of bile-viz., liver, pori biliarii or tubuli 
biliferi, hepatic, cystic, and choledoch ducts, and gall- 
bladder. B. ar'tery, cystic artery. B. cal'culus, see 
Calculi. B. cirrho'sis, form of chronic interstitial 
change, supposed by Charcot to be caused by an irri- 
tation coming from the contents of the bile-ducts. 
B. code, attack of violent pain from passage of a 
gall-stone. B. concretions, concretions found in bili- 
ary apparatus. B. ducts, ducts which receive the bile 
from the penicilli of the liver and convey it to the 
hepatic duct. B. fis'tula, see Fistula. B. or'gans, 
see B. apparatus. B. pas'sages, see B. apparatus. 
Biliation, bi-le-a'shun. Excretion of bile. 
Bi'lic ac'id. Combination of various acids of bile. 
Bilicholic acid, bi-le-kol'ik as'id. Name given by 
Berzelius to supposed biliary acid. 
Bilicholinic (bi-le-ko-lin'ik) a'cid. Choleic acid. 
Bilicyanin, bi-le-sy'an-in (kuanos, blue). Blue col- 
oring matter produced by oxidation of pigment of 
bile, by adding strong nitric acid to ammoniacal so- 
lution of bilirubin. 
Bilification, bi-le-fe-ka'shun. Formation of bile. 
Biliflavin, bi-le-fla'vin (flaws, yellow'). Yellow sub- 
stance resultingfromaction of silveroxide on biliverdin. 
Bilifulvin, bi-le-ful'vin (bills, fulvus, reddish yel- 
low). Yellow coloring matter from bile of ox; bili- 
rubin. See Cholochrome. 
Bilifuscin, bi-le-fus'sin (bile, fuscus, brown). 
C16H20N2O4. Dark-brown substance similar in ap- 
pearance to biliprasin. 
Bilihumin, bi-le-hu'min. Insoluble blackish-brown 
extractive matter of gall-stones, remaining after treat- 
ing them w'ith ether, water, acids, etc., and acting on 
residue with ammonia-water. 
Bilim'bi or Bilimbing teres, bil-im'bing te'res. 
Averrhoa bilimbi. 
Bi'lin. Picromel. Resinous matter resulting from 
evaporation of bile from which mucus has been re- 
moved ; mixture of glaucocholate and taurocholate of 
sodium. 
Bilineurine, bi-le-nu'rin. Neurine of bile; choline. 
Bilious, bil'yus. Relating to bile, containing bile, 
or produced by bile, as B. temperament, B. symptoms, 
B. fever. Often used without any definite idea as BILIPH/EIN 
regards bile being attached to it. Biliousness is a 
term to denote symptoms of disturbance of digestive 
functions, constipation, malaise, furred tongue, vomit- 
ing of bile, etc. B. fe'ver, term indefinitely applied 
to some forms of malarial or enteric fever. B. re- 
mit'tent fe'ver, form of remittent fever, in which 
vomiting of bilious matter, jaundice, and tenderness 
over the hepatic region are the chief symptoms. 
Biliphsein, bi-le-fe'in {bills, phaios, dusky). See 
Bile and Cholophsein. 
Biliprasin, bi-le-praz'in {bills, prasinos, dark green). 
C16H22N2O6. Greenish-black coloring matter from gall- 
stones. 
Bilipur'pin or Bilipur'purin. Purple material pro- 
duced by action of oxide of silver on biliverdin. 
Bilipyrrhin, bi-le-pir'rhin {bills, purr os, reddish). 
See Bile, Cholophsein, and Cholepyrrhin. 
Bilirubin, bi-le-ru'bin {bills, ruber, red). Orange- 
red coloring matter in minute morphous granules, 
pigmentary ingredient in human bile, in urine in 
jaundice, and in gall-stones. C16H18N2O3. 
Bills, be'lis. Bile. B. bovi'na or bu'bula, ox-gall. 
B. cys'tica or fel'lea, cystic bile. B. hepat'ica, hepat- 
ic bile. 
Biliverdin, bi-le-vur'din (bills, viridis, green). On 
adding acid to solution of yellow coloring matter of 
bile, precipitate of green flocculi takes place, possess- 
ing properties of chlorophyll or green coloring matter 
of leaves; found in bile of herbivora. C32H36N4O8. 
See Bile and Cholechlorine. 
Bilocular, bi-lok'u-lar {bi, loculus, small place). 
Having two cells or cavities. 
Bil'va. Covolam. 
Bimalar diameters, bi-ma'lar di-am'et-urs. Diam- 
eters between malar regions of face. 
Bima'na (having two hands). Order of division of 
Mammalia, man being alone included. See Bimanus. 
Bimanual, bi-man'u-al. Two-handed. B. palpa'- 
tion, examination of pelvis and contents by hands ap- 
plied, the one within and the other without. B. 
ver'sion, see Turning. 
Bimanus (bim'an-us) or Bimanous {bi, manus, hand). 
One that has two hands; man is the only mammifer- 
ous animal possessing two perfect hands. 
Bimastoid, bi-mas'toid. Relating to mastoid process 
of both sides, as bimastoid diameter. 
Bimaxillary, bi-maks'il-la-re. Relating to the jaw- 
bones of both sides, as bimaxillary diameter. 
Bin, in composition, see Bi. 
Binary, bi'na-re. Consisting of two parts; in chem- 
istry, containing two elements; in anatomy, branch- 
ing into pairs. B. combination, in chemistry, com- 
bination of two elementary bodies. B. com'pound, 
in chemistry, compound of two elements, or of an 
element and a compound, acting as a compound. 
Binaural (bin-aw'ral) or Binaurlcular, bin-aw-rik'- 
u-lar. Relating to both ears, as binaural stethoscope; 
binauricular arc, line drawn over vertex between the 
two ears. 
Binder, bind'ur. Bandage. B., obstet'ric, bandage 
applied around the abdomen after delivery. 
Bind'ing. Constipating. 
Bind'weed. Polygonum aviculare. B., blue, Sola- 
num dulcamara. B., false, Ipomoea. B., fid'dle- 
leaved, Convolvulus panduratus. B., great, Convol- 
vulus sepium. B., hedge, Convolvulus sepium. B., 
lav'ender-leaved, Convolvulus Cantamica. B., sea, 
Convolvulus soldanella. B., Virginian, Convolvulus 
panduratus. 
Bind'wood. Hedera helix. 
Bini'odide. Iodide containing two equivalents of 
iodine to one of the combining element. 
Binocular, bin-ok'u-lar {bin, oculus, eye). Relating 
to or affecting both eyes, as binocular vision, vision 
with both eyes, or from impressions made upon both 
retinae amalgamated into single vision. B. band'age, 
figure of 8. 
Binoculus, bin-ok'u-lus. Bandage over both eyes. 
Binotic, bin-o'tik (bin, ous, ear). Binaural. 
Binoxide, bin-oks'id. Oxide containing twice as 
much oxygen as the first oxide of the same element. 
143 
BIOTHANATI 
Binsica, bin'sik-ah. Disorder of mind ; atrophy of 
organ of imagination. 
Binucleate, bi-nu'kle-ate. Having two nuclei. 
Bio, be'o (bios, life). In composition, life. 
Biochemia, be-o-kem'e-ah (bio, chemia). Vital chem- 
istry ; chemistry of living organisms as distinguished 
from that of the dead. 
Biochemical. Relating to chemistry of living 
organisms. 
Biochemistry, be-o-kem'is-tre. Biochemia. 
Biochymia, be-o-kim'e-ah. Biochemia. 
Biod, bi'od (bios, life). Vital force. 
Biodynamics, bi-o-di-nam'iks (bio, dunamis, power). 
Doctrine of vital activity or force. 
Biogamia, be-o-gam'e-ah (gamos, marriage). Ani- 
mal magnetism. 
Biogenesis, be-o-jen'es-is (bio, genesis, origin). For- 
mation or development of organisms from those al- 
ready existing. See Archebiosis. 
Biogenetic (same deriv.), be-o-jen-et'ik. Relating 
to formation or development of life. 
Biognosis, be-og-no'sis (bio, gnosis, knowledge). 
Knowledge or study of phenomena of life. 
Biological, bi-o-loj'ik-al (bios, life, logos, description). 
Relating to laws or phenomena of life or of living 
bodies. 
Biologist (same etymon), bi-ol'o-jist. One who 
studies or is versed in biology. 
Biology, bi-ol'o-je (bio, logos, a discourse). Doctrine 
or science of life or of living bodies. Physiology. 
Biolychnion (be-o-lik'ne-on) or Biolych'nium (bio, 
luchnion, lamp). Innate heat, vital heat, animal 
heat. 
Biolysis, bi-ol'is-is (bio, lusis, solution). Destruction 
of life; cessation of life. 
Biolyt'ic. Tending to destruction of life; an in- 
tensely depressing agent. 
Biomagnetism, bi-o-mag'net-izm. Animal magnet- 
ism. 
Biometry, bi-om'et-re (bio, metron, measure). Esti- 
mation of duration of life. 
Bionomy, bi-on'o-me (bio, nomos, law). Physiology. 
Biophaenomenologia, be-o-fa-no-men-o-loj'e-ah (bio, 
phainomenon, appearance, logos, discourse). Physiol- 
ogy- 
Bioph'agous or Biotoph'agous (bios, life, phago, to 
eat). Subsisting on living organisms, as plants. 
Biophilia, be-o-fil'e-ah (bios, life, phileo, to love- 
love of life). Instinct of self-preservation. 
Bioplasm, bi'o-plazm (bio, plasma, formation). Bio- 
plasmic or germinal matter; living or germinal self- 
propagating matter of living beings. 
Bioplasmic, bi-o-plaz'mik. Relating to bioplasm. 
Bioplasson, be-o-plas'son. Protoplasm; bioplasm. 
Bioplast, bi'o-plast (bio, plasso, to form). Distinct 
mass of bioplasm; minute living particle. 
Bioplastic, bi-o-plas'tik. Relating to bioplasm. 
Biorbital, bi-or'bit-al. Pertaining to both orbits; 
as, B. an'gle, angle of divergence of axes of vision 
of both eyes; B. diam'eters, diameters of upper part 
of face; B. plane, plane of axes of the two orbits. 
Bios, be'os (bios). Life. 
Bioscope, bi'os-kope (bi, skopeo, to see). Instrument 
used in Bioscopy or examination of corpse to deter- 
mine whether it was born alive. See Electrobioscopy. 
Bio'sis. Vitality; life. 
Biosophia, be-o-sof'e-ah (bio, sophia, wisdom). Bio- 
dynamics. 
Biospheres, bi'o-sferes. Minute protoplasmic parti- 
cles, in state of Brunonian oscillation. 
Biot's respiration. Quiet unvarying breathing, as 
of one asleep. 
Biostatic, hi-o-stat'ik (bio, static). See Static. 
Biostatis'tics (bio, statistics). Medical statistics. 
Biotaxy, bi-'o-taks-e (bio, taxis, order). Taxonomy. 
Arrangement or co-ordination of living organisms 
according to external characters; static biology. 
Biote, be'o-ta. Life. 
Biothalmius, be-o-thal'me-us (bio, thallo, to bloom). 
One who is long lived or enjoys rude health. 
Biothanati, be-o-than'at-e (bio, thanatos, death, or BIOTHANATOLOGY 
biaios, violent). They who die suddenly a violent 
death. 
Biothanatology, bi-o-than-at-ol'o-je (bio, thanatos, 
death). Doctrine or consideration of life and death, 
or of violent death. 
Biotic, bi-ot'ik. Vital. 
Biotics, bi-ot'iks. Physiology. 
Biotomy, bi-ot'o-me (bio, tome, incision). Vivisec- 
tion. 
Biparasitic, bi-par-a-sit'ik. Relating to two para- 
sites, one living on the other. 
Biparietal, bi-par-i'et-al. Relating to both parietal 
bones; as B. diameter, measured from one parietal 
fossa to the other. B. su'ture, sagittal suture. 
Biparous, bip'ar-us (bi, pario, to bring forth). Giv- 
ing birth to twins. 
Bipartition, bi-par-tish'un. Division or partition 
into two parts, as cells. 
Bi'ped (bi, pes, foot). Having two feet. 
Biphos'phate. Compound in which there is one 
part of the base to two parts of phosphoric acid. 
Bipinna, be-pin'nah (bi, pinna, wing-feather). Di- 
minutive penis, not exceeding in size two quills. 
Biplicate, bip'lik-ate (bis, twice, plico, to fold to- 
gether). Possessing two folds. 
Bipolar, bi-po'lar (bi, polus, pole). Having two 
poles or processes, as nerve-cells, such as those found 
in the ganglia of the gray matter of the brain; see 
Neurine. B. ver'sion, see Turning. 
Biporous, bi-po'rus (bis, twice, porus, pore). Pos- 
sessing two pores. 
Bipubiotomy, bi-pu-be-ot'om-e (bi, pubes, tome, in- 
cision). Operation of sawing through front of pel- 
vis, substitute for Caesarean operation. 
Bira, be'rah. Cerevisia. 
Birch. Betula alba. B., black, Betula lenta. B., 
cher'ry, Betula lenta. B. oil, see Betula alba. B., 
sweet, Betula lenta. 
Bird cher'ry. Prunus padus. B. manure, guano. 
B. pep'per, Capsicum baccatum. B. weed, Polygonum 
aviculare. 
Birds' bread. Sedum acre. B. nest, Hypopitys 
lanuginosa. B.-nest bod'ies or cells, masses of epi- 
thelial cells in cancer, having such appearance. B. 
nest, ed'ible, see Hirundo esculenta. 
Birth. Parturition. B., cross, presentation, pre- 
ternatural. B., live, see Born alive. B. mark, naevus 
of new-born child. B. pal'sy, spastic diplegia; spasm 
of all the extremities at birth or soon afterward. B., 
plu'ral, see Multiparous. B., post'humous, birth of a 
child after the death of its father. B., prem'ature, 
see Parturition, premature. B. root, Trillium erectum. 
B., still, see Still-born. B., vir'gin, parthenogenesis. 
Birth'root. Aristolochia. 
Birth'wort. Aristolochia. B. snake'root, Aristolo- 
chia serpentaria. 
Bisacromial, bis-ak-ro'me-al. Relating to both acro- 
mion processes. 
Bis'cara but'ton. Aleppo boil. 
Bische. Malignant dysentery or gangrene of lower 
bowel which prevails in Brazil and coast of Africa. 
Biscuit, bis'kit (bis, twice, coctus, baked). Dry, 
hard bread or cake. Medicinal or medicated biscuits 
are made by adding to biscuit paste medicinal solu- 
tion or powder and baking. 
Bisection, bi-sek'shun. Division into two parts, as 
of fetus in parturition by operation. 
Bisenna, bis-en'nah. Mesenna. 
Biser'mas. Salvia sclarea. 
Bisexual, bi-seks'u-al. Having genital character- 
istics of both sexes; hermaphrodite. 
Bisferiens, bis-fe're-ens (bis, ferio, to strike). Di- 
crotic; having double beat, as pulse. 
Bish or Bisk. Aconitum ferox. 
Bishop's weed. Ammi. 
Bisiliac, bis-il'e-ak. Relating to both ilia; as B. 
diameter, that between crista; ilii, transverse diameter 
of pelvic inlet. 
Bisischiat'ic, bis-is-ke-at'ik. Relating to both ischia; 
as B. diameter, line between two tuberosities of the 
ischia. 
144 
BISMUTHINE 
Biskra (bisk'rah) boil or button, but'tun. See 
Aleppo boil. 
Bislingua, bis-lin'gwah. Euscus hypoglossum. 
Bismalva, bis-mal'vah. Althaea. 
Bismuth, biz'muth. Regulus of Bismuth, Tin glass. 
Metal in spicular plates of yellowish-white color, sp. gr. 
9.822; fusible at 400°, volatilizable at high tempera- 
ture ; used in preparation of subnitrate. B. albu'- 
minate, grayish-white powder; used in spasmodic 
affections of stomach and bowels. B. and ammo'nium 
ci'trate, in small scales, formed by dissolving citrate 
of bismuth in water of ammonia. B. ben'zoate, 
white powder made by action of watery solution of 
sodium benzoate and acid solution of bismuth nitrate; 
employed for dusting ulcers, soft chancres, etc. B., 
but'ter of, chloride of bismuth. B. car'bonate, B. sub- 
carbonate. B. and ce'rium sal'icylate, reddish-white 
insoluble powder; useful in diseases of the gastro- 
intestinal mucous membrane, especially diarrhoea and 
dysentery caused by ulceration. B. ci'trate, bis- 
muthi citras (Ph. U. S. and Br.), white insoluble pow- 
der ; used for preparing citrate of bismuth and ammo- 
nium. B. gal'late, B. subgallate. B. ni'trate, ter- 
nitrate of bismuth; crystalline salt from direct solu- 
tion of bismuth in nitric acid. B. o'leate, see Ole- 
ates. B. ox'ide, B., subnitrate of. B. oxychlo'- 
ride, white insoluble powder; used as cosmetic. B. 
oxyi'odide, red insoluble powder, result of action of 
potassium iodide on bismuth subnitrate; used exter- 
nally as antiseptic; resembling iodoform in action. 
B., pu'rified, by heating bismuth with potassium ni- 
trate contaminating metals are oxidized and sepa- 
rated. B., reg'ulus of, bismuth. B. sal'icylate, 
pink powder precipitated when sodium salicylate is 
added to bismuth nitrate in solution in glycerin; 
used in catarrh of the intestines and stomach, diar- 
rhoea, etc. as an intestinal antiseptic, externally as a 
substitute for iodoform in wounds, ulcers, etc. B. 
subben'zoate, B. benzoate. B., subcar'bonate of, 
bismuthi subearbonas (Ph. U. S.), (BiO)2Co3,H2O. 
Similar in properties to subnitrate, and used as sub- 
stitute for it; white insoluble powder. B. subgal'- 
late, dermatol, odorless, insoluble yellow powder; em- 
ployed externally as substitute for iodoform in wounds, 
burns, ulcers, certain diseases of the eye and ear, ec- 
zema, caries of the teeth, etc.; internally, in gastro- 
intestinal diseases in place of bismuth subnitrate; in 
powder, gauze, glycerin, etc. B. subi'odide, B. oxy- 
iodide. B. subni'trate, Bismuthi subnitras (Ph. U. S.), 
BiONO.'iHaO; White bismuth, Trisnitrate of bismuth, 
White oxide of bismuth, Magistery of bismuth, Pearl white, 
Spanish white; white, insoluble powder, prepared by 
addition of purified bismuth to nitric acid and pre- 
cipitation by water. It is tonic, astringent, anodyne, 
and antispasmodic, local sedative, antiseptic; used in 
gastrodynia, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, dysentery, etc., and 
externally as drying application to ulcerated surfaces 
in leucorrhcea, coryza, etc., and for soothing effect in 
burns, ulcers, and excoriated surfaces, ozsena, etc. B. 
tan'nate, yellow insoluble powder. B. triox'ide, 
yellow insoluble oxide. B. trisni'trate, B. subnitrate. 
B. vale'rianate, white insoluble powder, with odor 
of valerianic acid; made by mixing neutral solution 
of oxide of bismuth in nitric acid with sodium vale- 
rianate, washing and drying the precipitate; used in 
gastrodynia, chronic gastralgia, neuralgia, and chronic 
palpitation as a nervine; dose, gr. ss-ij, three or four 
times a day, in pill. B., white, B. subnitrate. 
Bismuthi et ammonii citras, biz-mu'the et am-mo'- 
ne-e sit'ras (Ph. U. S. and Br.). Bismuth and ammo- 
nium citrate. B. carbo'nas, bismuth subcarbonate. 
B. ci'tras (Ph. U. S. and Br.), bismuth citrate. B. 
ni'tras, bismuth nitrate. B. ox'idum (Ph. Br.), bis- 
muth oxide. B. purifica'tum (Ph. Br.), bismuth, 
purified. B. subcarbo'nas (Ph. U. S. and Br.), bis- 
muth subcarbonate. B. subio'didum, bismuth oxy- 
iodide. B. subni'tras (Ph. U. S. and Br.), bismuth 
subnitrate. B. terni'tras, bismuth nitrate. B. vale- 
rian'as, bismuth valerianate. 
Bismuthine, biz'muth-een. Native trisulphide of 
bismuth. BISMUTHUM 
Bismuthum, biz-mu'thum (Ph. Br.). Bismuth. B. 
al'bum, bismuth subnitrate. B. cit'ricum, bismuth 
citrate. B. ni/tricum, bismuth subnitrate. B. oxydu- 
la'tum al'bum, bismuth subnitrate. B. purifica'tum, 
purified bismuth. B. subcarbo'nicum, bismuth sub- 
carbonate. B. subni'tricuni, bismuth subnitrate. B. 
tan'nicum, bismuth tannate. B. trisnl'tricum, bis- 
muth nitrate. B. valerian'icum, bismuth valerianate. 
Bispirus, be-spe'rus (bi, spiro, to breathe). Dipnous. 
Bis'sa. Dropsy, in Egypt, of man and lower ani- 
mals. 
Bissulcate, bis-sul'kate (bis, twice, sulcus, furrow). 
Possessing two grooves. 
Bistort, officinal, bis'tort, of-fis'in-al (bis, torqueo, to 
twist). Polygonum bistorta. B., Virgin'ian, Poly- 
gonum Virginianum. 
Bistorta, bis-tor'tah. Polygonum bistorta. 
Bistoury, bis'tur-e. Small cutting-knife, used in 
surgery, composed of blade and handle, the former 
movable or fixed in the latter. The chief bistouries 
are: straight B., in which blade and cutting edge are 
straight, point being fine, round, or square; convex 
B., blade being convex at cutting edge, concave at 
back; concave B., blade being concave at edge and 
convex at back ; blunt-pointed B., blade having button 
at its extremity; blunt or probe-pointed bistoury of 
Pott, concave at cutting edge, and its point blunt, so 
as to be carried on palmar surface of index finger, to 
divide stricture in strangulated hernia. Sir Astley 
Cooper's bistoury has edge of not more than eight lines 
in length, situate about five lines from the point, to 
avoid wounding the intestine. Bistouri cache is a 
curved bistoury, blade of which is placed in a canula, 
whence it issues on pressing a spring. The word 
bistouri is used by the French for knife. 
Bisulphate, bi-sul'fate. Combination of sulphuric 
acid, containing twice as much sulphuric acid as a 
normal sulphate. 
Bisul'phite (bis, twice, sulphis). Acid sulphite; two 
equivalents of sulphurous acid are united with one 
of a base. B. of carbon, see Carbon. 
Bitart'rate. Compound in which there is one part 
of base to two parts of tartaric acid. 
Bitem/poral. Relating to both temporal bones, as 
B. diameter in the fcetus, line drawn from zygomatic 
process to opposite one. 
Bitter. Amarus. B. al'mond, amygdalus. B.-a. 
water, aqua amygdalarum amararum. B. ap'ple, 
colocynth. B. ash, see Bittera febrifuga. B. bark, 
Pinckneya pubens, Alstonia constricta. B. bloom, 
Chironia angularis. B. bu'gleweed, Lycopus Eu- 
ropaeus; tonic and alterative. B. can'dytuft, Iberis 
amara. B. cane, Cana agria. B. cassa'va, Manihot 
utilissima. B. cress, cardamine. B. cu'cumber, 
Citrullus colocynthis. B. cup, cup made of quassia 
wood. B. dock, Eumex obtusifolia. B. grass, Aletris 
farinosa. B. holy, hiera picra. B. kino'va, acid, 
kinovic. B. or'ange, Citrus vulgaris. B. polyg'ala, 
Polygala rubella. B. principle, principle contained 
in some vegetables, from which they derive their 
bitter character. B. red'berry, Cornus Florida. B. 
root, Apocynum androssemifolium, Gentiana Catesbsei, 
Menyanthes verna. B. sweet night'shade, Solanum 
dulcamara. B. sweet vine, Solanum dulcamara. B. 
weed, Ambrosia trifida. B., Welter's, acid, carbazotic. 
B. wine of iron, see Iron, wine of. B. wood, quas- 
sia. 
Bittera febrifuga, bit-te'rah feb-rif'u-gah. Quassia. 
Bit'terin. See Quassia. 
Bitters. See Amarus. B., aromat'ic, tonics to 
which aromatics are added. B., Colum'bo, tinctura 
cal u mb®. B., spir'it, tinctura gentian® composita. 
B., styp'tic, those bitters which are both styptic 
and astringent. B., wine, vinum gentian® com- 
positum. 
Bit'tersweet. Solanum dulcamara, Celastrus scan- 
dens. 
Bitumen, bit-u'men. Mineral pitch or tar; one of 
the family of mineral resins or hydrocarbons. B. 
Barbaden'se, Barbadoes tar; petroleum. B., glu'- 
tinous, pissasphaltum. B. of Jud®'a, asphaltum. 
145 
BLADDER 
B. Juda'icum, asphaltum. B., Mal'ta, pissasphaltum. 
B. petro'leum, petroleum. B. sol'idum, asphaltum. 
Bitu'minate of iod'oform. Mixture of tar, p. 100, 
and iodoform p. 10 or 20; used as ointment to soft 
chancres. 
Bituminous, bi-tu'min-us. Relating to or contain- 
ing bitumen. 
Biu'ret reac'tion. Reaction of a purple color re- 
sulting from adding Fehling's solution to solution of 
peptone. 
Biv'alent (bis, twice, valeo, to be able). Possessing 
the capability of displacing two atoms of hydrogen 
or combining with the same number. 
Biventer, bi-ven'tur (bi, venter, belly). Double- 
bellied, as digastric muscle. B. cervi'cis, inner part 
of complexus musculus. B. mandib'ulse, digastricus. 
B. maxil'lse, digastricus muscle. 
Biven'tral (same etymon). Having two stomachs 
or bellies. B. lobe of cerebel'lum, wedge-shaped lobe 
of cerebellum behind the amygdala. 
Bixa Americana, biks'ah a-mer-ik-an'ah. See 
Terra orleana. B. orella'na or orlea'na, see Terra 
orleana. 
Bizygomat'ic, bi-zyg-o-mat'ik. Relating to zygoma 
of both sides, as B. diam'eter, distance between arches 
formed on each side by union of zygoma with tem- 
poral process of malar bone. 
Bizzoze'ro, blood-plaque or plate of. See Blood, 
globules of. 
Blabe, blah'be. Wound. 
Blacciae, blak'se-e. Rubeola. 
Blacia, bla'se-ah. Debility. 
Black al'der. Prinos verticillatus; Rhamnus fran- 
gula. B. ant'imony, antimony sulphide. B. ash, 
Fraxinus sambucifolius. B. berry, see Rubus fruti- 
cosus. B. birch, betula lenta. B. blood, see Blood. 
B., bone, animal charcoal. B. bot'tle, see Infusilm 
sennas. B. can'cer, melanosis. B. cher'ry, Prunos 
serotina. B. co'hosh, cimicifuga. B. damp, see Hy- 
drogen, carburetted. B. death, see Death, black. B. 
dog, hypochondriasis. B. dose, see Infusum sennas. 
B. draught, see Infusum sennie. B. drop, acetum opii. 
B. elm, Ulmus effusa. B. aye, see Ecchymosis. B. fe'- 
ver, fever, purpuric, malignant. B. galls, galls that 
have been collected before the egg has been hatched 
or the fly has escaped; see Galls. B. ginger, Amo- 
mum zingiber. B. haw, Viburnum prunifolium. 
B. heads, comedo. B. hel'lebore, Helleborus niger. 
B. jaun'dice, jaundice with dark discoloration. B. 
lead, plumbago. B. leg, sympathetic anthrax; see 
Purpura. B. lep'rosy, lepra nigricans. B. li'on, 
sloughing syphilitic ulcer, from which British sol- 
diers suffered in Portugal. B. mea'sles, rubeola 
nigra. B. mus'tard, Sinapis nigra. B. night'shade, 
Solanum nigrum. B. oak, Quercus tinctoria. B. 
phthis'is, miner's asthma. B. pitch, pix nigra. B. 
pock, see Variola. B. pep'per, piper nigrum. B. 
rasp'berry, Rubus occidentalis. B. root, Aletris 
farinosa, Pterocaulon pycnostachyum, Coryza pyc- 
nostachia, Leptandria purpurea. B. Sam'son, Rud- 
beckia purpurea. B. snake'root, cimicifuga. B. 
spit, sputum of anthracosis of miners. B. spruce, 
Abies nigra. B. tang, Fucus vesiculosus. B. su'gar, 
extractum glycyrrhizse. B. tongue, dark appearance 
of that organ from accumulated impurities, spores, 
disintegrated epithelium, etc. B. tur'peth, turpethum 
nigrum. B. vom'it, yellow fever; also characteristic 
matter vomited in that disease. B. wal'nut, Juglans 
nigra. B. wash, Black mercurial lotion; seeHydrar- 
gyri submurias. B. wa'ter, pyrosis. B. wil'low, Salix 
nigra. 
Blactise, blak'te-e. Rubeola. 
Bladda, blad'dah. Buttermilk. 
Bladder, blad'dur. Urinary bladder; see Vesica. B., 
air, see Air. B., biloc'ular, sacculated bladder di- 
vided into two parts. B., brain, cerebral vesicle. B., 
catarrh of, see Cystitis. B., colum'nar, B., fasciculated. 
B., daugh'ter, secondary hydatid. B., ex'trophy or 
extrover'sion of, see Exstrophia. B., eye, optic ves- 
icle. B., fascic'ulated, condition of bladder in which 
interior of organ is marked by strong reticulated BLADDERY FEVER 
ridges or columns. B. fe'ver, pemphigus. B., fun'- 
dus of, see Urinary 'bladder. B., gall, see Gall-bladder. 
B., gas'trula, perigastrula. B., germ, blastula. B., 
her'nia of, cystocele. B., hia'tus, congenital, of, 
exstrophia of bladder. B., inflammation of, cystitis. 
B., inversion of, protrusion of the bladder through 
the urethra. B., ir'ritable, see Oysterethismus. B., 
moth'er, hydatid cyst from which secondary cysts 
arise. B., neck of, narrow portion of that organ. 
B., rupture of, see Urinary bladder, rupture of. B., 
sac'culated, condition of bladder in which mucous 
coat protrudes through muscular, so as to produce 
hernia, which may form vesical sacculus or appendix 
vesicje. B. sen'na, Colutea arborescens; purgative. 
B., spasm of, see Cystospasmus. B., stam'mering, spas- 
modic micturition, with imperfect emptying of blad- 
der, from want of co-ordination of muscles employed 
in the act. B., swim, air-bladder. B., trigo'nal space 
of, see Urinary bladder. B., u'rinary, see Urinary blad- 
der. B. worm, cysticercus. B. wrack, Fucus vesi- 
culosus. 
Blad'dery fe'ver. Urethral fever. 
Blade'bone. Scapula. 
Blaeberry. Vaccinium myrtillus. 
Blsesitas, ble'se-tas (blaisos, halting). Stammering; 
balbuties; defect in pronunciation, substituting soft 
consonants for hard, as s for s, d for t; lisping. 
Blaesopodes (ble-sop'o-des) (blaisos, lame, pons, foot) 
or Blsesopus, ble'so-pus. See Kyllosis. 
Blaesosis, ble-so'sis. Crookedness of limb; bke- 
sitas. 
Blsesus, ble'sus (blaisos, lame). Distortion, especially 
outward distortion of legs; stammerer; suffering from 
general paralysis. 
Blain. Pustule; blotch; blister; mark left by 
wound; discoloration after sore; swelling of glottis 
in horses. 
Blamma, blam'mah (blow). Wound or injury. 
Blancard's pills. Pills of iodide of iron, imitated 
in pilulse ferri iodidi (Ph. U. S.). 
Blanc mange (F.), blah monj' (blanc, white, man- 
ger, to eat). Jelly prescribed as nutritive in conva- 
lescence and chronic disease; prepared usually with 
isinglass, sugar, and flavoring substances, with milk. 
Blanch'ing. Making white, becoming white, as 
hair or skin. 
Bland. Soothing, demulcent. 
Blanket bath. Bath in which the body is wrapped 
in cloths. 
Blanks. Epileptic vertigo. 
Blas alteratl'vum. Plastic force. 
Blast (G. blasen, to blow). Infection of anything 
pestilential; stroke of sudden plague; flatulent affec- 
tion of sheep. 
Blastelasmata, blas-tel-az'mat-ah (filastos, germ, 
elasma, plate). Layers of fecundated ovum derived 
from ectoderm and endoderm. 
Blastema, blas-ta'mah (blast ano, to bud). Germ; 
eruption of morbific principle at surface of the body ; 
matrix or general formative element of tissues; 
free exudation of plastic matter. B. den'tis, pulp 
of tooth. B., ossif'ic or os'sifying, osteogenetic layer 
of periosteum. B. pi'll, hair papilla. 
Blastemal (blas-te'mal) or Blastemat'ic. Relating 
to blastema, as B. formations, those formed from blas- 
tema. 
Blastematic, blas-te-mat'ik. Blastemal. 
Blastesis, blas-ta'sis. Development. 
Blastid, blas'tid. Space in segment of ovum pre- 
ceding appearance of nucleus. 
Blastidium, blas-tid'e-um. Cell in interior of an- 
other cell. 
Blastocardia, blas-to-kar'de-ah (blastos, germ, kar- 
dia, heart). Molecule or germinal spot 
Blastocele, blas'to-seel (blastos, germ, kelis, spot). 
Germinal spot. 
Blastochyle, blas'to-kile (blastos, chulos, juice). 
Clear liquid contents of germinal vesicle or blastocele. 
Blastoccele, blas-to-se'le (blastos, germ, koilos, hol- 
low). Cavity in ovum after division; central part or 
cavity of blastula. 
BLECHNUM 
Blastocyst, blas'to-sist (blastos, germ, kustis, blad- 
der). Germinal vesicle; see Molecule. 
Blastocystinx, blas-to-sis'tinks. Blastocyst. 
Blastoderm, blas'to-derm (blastos, germ, derma, 
skin). Germinal membrane or vesicle; membranous 
sac in fecundated ovum, consisting of nucleated cells 
or blastomeres formed by segmentation, original struc- 
ture from which embryo is developed. At the outset 
it is a simple layer, afterward composed of two layers, 
endoderm or hypoblast and ectoderm or epiblast, be- 
tween which, at a later stage of development, a third 
layer forms, called the mesoderm or mesoblast. 
Blastodermic, blas-to-der'mik. Relating to blasto- 
derm. B. mem/brane, blastoderm. B. lay'ers, see 
Molecule. B. vesicles, see Molecule. 
Blastodisc or Blastodisk, blas'to-disk. Germinal 
disk of ovum of birds; archiblast. 
Blastogenesis, blas-to-gen'e-sis (blastos, genesis, pro- 
duction). Production of germs. 
Blastogeny, blas-toj'en-e. Evolution of germ, 
Blastoma, blas-to'mah. Granuloma, growth com- 
posed of granulation tissue. 
Blastomeres, bias'to-meres (blastos, meros, part). Nu- 
cleated cells formed in first stages of ovum, consti- 
tuting blastoderm. From these early cells all the 
foetal tissues are afterward developed. See Morula. 
Blastomyce'tes (blastos, mukes, mushroom). Order 
of Fungi, multiplying by germination and sporifica- 
tion, including yeast fungi, torulacese, etc. 
Blastophore, bias'to-for (blastos, phero, to carry). 
Part of testis containing epithelial cells or processes 
from whieh spermatozoa are developed. Part of 
spermatospore-sperm blastophore-which is not 
developed into spermatozoids. 
Blastophylla, blas-to-fil'lah (blastos, germ, phullon, 
leaf). Ectoderm and endoderm. 
Blastopore, bias'to-pore (blastos, poros, passage). 
Passage into cavity of innermost germ-layer through 
the primitive streak. 
Blastosphere, bias'to-sfere (blastos, sphaira, sphere). 
Single row of cells in embryo arranged like a closed 
sphere; segmentation sphere of embryo, result of com- 
bination of the male and female elements. See Blas- 
tula and Cytula. 
Blastostom'ion (Jdastos, stoma, mouth). Blasto- 
pore. 
Blastostroma, blas-to-stro'mah (blastos, stroma, bed). 
Portion of ovum giving origin to blastoderm. Em- 
bryonic area. 
Blastula, blas'tu-lah. Fecundated ovum, when in 
condition of hollow spherical space, filled with liquid 
or semiliquid material, walls of the sphere being made 
up of single cell-layer. Blastosphere. 
Blastulation, blas-tu-la'shun. Development of 
blastula or blastosphere. 
Blas'tule. Blastula. 
Blatta, blat'tah. Clot. B. Byzantia, be-zan'she-ah, 
marine production from Conchylia, prescribed in 
epilepsy, hysteria, and hepatic obstructions. B. Lap- 
po'nica, Russian cockroach. B. Orienta'lis, cock- 
roach. Active principle, called Antihy'dropin, is diu- 
retic, and used in albuminuria, diminishing the 
amount of albumen and casts in urine, and dispel- 
ling accompanying oedema. 
Blaud's (bio's) pills. Pills of carbonate of iron, 
imitated in pilules ferri carbonatis (Ph. U. S.). 
Blawort, bla'wurt. Centaurea cyanus, Campanula 
rotun difolia. 
Bla'zing star. Chamselirium luteum, Liatris, Aletris 
farinosa. 
Bleaberry, ble'ber-re. Vaccinium myrtillus. 
Bleaching, ble'ching. Dealbation, or subjecting to 
a process of whitening. B. pow'der, chlorinated lime. 
Blear'edness. Lippitudo; sore eyes from inflamma- 
ation of edges of the eyelids. 
Blear-eye, Blear-eyed, or Blear'eyedness. Lippus. 
Bleb. Bulla. 
Blechnon, bleck'non. Polypodium filix mas. 
Blechnum lignifolium, blek'num lig-ne-fo'le-um. 
Asplenium scolopendrium. B. squamozsuni, aspleni- 
um ceterach. 
146 BLECHROPYRA 
Blechropyra, blek-rop'ir-ah (blechros, slow, pur, 
fever). Slow or adynamic feyer; slight fever. 
Blechropyrus, blek-rop'ir-us. Typhus mitior. 
Blechros, blek'ros (blechros, weak, slow). Epithet 
applied to various feeble affections, as fevers, and to 
the pulse. 
Blechrosphygmia, blek-ro-sfig'me-ah (blekros, sphug- 
mos, pulse). Slow pulse. 
Bleed'er. Phlebotomist. Person suffering from 
hemophilia. 
Bleed'ers' disease. Haemophilia. 
Bleedhng. Hemorrhage; bloodletting. B. hoist, 
cupping-glass. B. heart, Cypripedium luteum. B. 
from nose, epistaxis. 
Blenna, blen'ah. Mucus. B. na'rium, nasal 
mucus. 
Blennadenitis, blen-ad-en-e'tis (blenna, aden, gland). 
Inflammation of mucous follicles. 
Blennelytria, blen - el - it' re - ah (blenna, elutron, 
vagina). Discharge of mucus from the vagina; vagi- 
nal catarrh. Leucorrhcea. 
Blennemesis, blen-em'es-is (blenna, emesis, vomit- 
ing). Vomiting of mucus. 
Blennenteria, blen - en - te' re - ah (blenna, enter on, 
intestine). Dysentery; mucous diarrhoea. 
Blennenteritis, blen-en-ter-e'tis (same etymon). 
Inflammation of the bowel, with mucous discharge. 
Blennisthmia, blen - isth' me - ah (blenna, isthmos, 
throat). Increased flow of mucus from pharynx and 
larynx; pharyngeal or pharyngo-laryngeal catarrh. 
Blennocele, blen-o-se'le (Eng. blen'o-seel) (blenna, 
kele, tumor). Gonorrhoeal epididymitis. 
Blennochesia (blen-o-ke'ze-ah) or Blennoche'zia 
(blenna, cheso, to go to stool). Mucous diarrhoea. 
Blennocystides, blen-o-sist'id-ees (blenna, kustis, 
cyst or bladder). Bursae mucosae. 
Blennocysti'tis (same etymon). Cystirrhoea; catarrh 
of urinary bladder. 
Blennodes, blen-o'des. Blennoid; myxoid ; mu- 
cous. 
Blennoemesis, blen-o-em'es-is. Blennemesis. 
Blennogen'ic or Blennogenous, blen - oj ' en - us 
(blenna, gennao, to form). Mucific. Forming or gener- 
ating mucus. 
Blennohymenitis, blen-o-him-en-e'tis (blenna, hy- 
men, membrane). Inflammation of mucous mem- 
brane. 
Blennoid (blen'oid) or Blennoideus, blen-o-e'da-us 
(JZenna, eidos, resemblance). Like mucus; myxoid; 
muciform. 
Blennoma, blen-o'mah (blenna, mucus). Mucous 
humor or polypus. 
Blennomenorrhce'a (blenna, mucus, men, month, rheo, 
to flow). White menses; menstrual flow characterized 
by impoverished appearance of the blood, in tubercu- 
lous and other debilitated subjects. 
Blennometritis, blen-o-met-re'tis (blenna, metra, 
uterus). Catarrhal metritis; leucorrhcea. 
Blennometrorrhoea, blen-o-met-ror-rhe'ah. Leu- 
corrhcea of uterus. 
Blennophlogisma (blen-o-flo-jiz'mah) or Blenno- 
phlogo'sis (blenna, phlogosis~). Inflammation of mucous 
membrane; mucitis. 
Blennophthalmia, blen-of-thal'me-ah. Ophthal- 
mia, usually purulent. 
Blennoptysis, blen-op'tis-is (blenna, ptuo, to spit). 
Expectoration of mucus; bronchial or pharyngeal 
catarrh. 
Blennopyra (blen-op'ir-ah) or Blennopyr'ia (blen- 
na, pur, fire). Fever with mucous complications, as 
mesenteric fever, adeno-meningeal fever, etc. 
Blennorrhagia, blen-or-rhaj'e-ah (blenna, rhegnumi, 
to break forth). Gonorrhoea; excessive mucous dis- 
charge. B. bal'ani, balanitis. B. benig'na, leucor- 
rhcea. B. chron'ica, gleet. B. genital'ium, leucor- 
rhcea. B. no'tha, gonorrhoea spuria; balanitis. B. 
ocula'ris or oc'uli, purulent or gonorrhoeal ophthal- 
mia. B., pul'monary, bronchorrhcea. B. spu'ria, B. 
notha. B. urethra'lis, urethral gonorrhoea. B. ute- 
ri'na, uterine gonorrhoea. B. vagina'lis, vaginal 
gonorrhoea. B., vul'var, gonorrhoea of vulva. 
147 
BLEPHARO 
Blennorrhagic, blen-or-rhaj'ik. Relating to blen- 
norrhagia or gonorrhoea. B. epididyml'tis, hernia 
humoralis. 
Blennorrhinia, blen-or-rhin'e-ah (blenna, rhis, nose). 
Coryza. 
Blennorrhoea, blen-or-rhe'ah (blenna, rheo, to flow). 
Inordinate secretion and discharge of mucus; gonor- 
rhoea; gleet. B. benig'na, leucorrhoea. B. chron'ica, 
gleet; see Gonorrhoea. B. cilia'ris, ophthalmia tarsi. 
B. conjuncti'vse, purulent conjunctivitis. B. genital'- 
ium, leucorrhoea. B. of lac'rymal sac, see Mucocele. 
B. luo'des, gonorrhoea impura. B. nasa'lis, coryza. 
B. neonato'rum, ophthalmia neonatorum. B. oc'uli, 
see Ophthalmia. B. oc'uli gonorrho'ica, see Ophthalmia. 
B. oc'uli neonato'rum, ophthalmia neonatorum. B. 
oc'uli purulen'ta, see Ophthalmia. B. Stoerk'ii, 
chronic b. of upper air-passages, with narrowness of 
larynx, described by Stoerk as occurring in some parts 
of Europe. B. tor'pida, gleet. B. urethra'lis, gonor- 
rhoea ; cystirrhcea. B. urina'lis, cystirrhcea. B. vene'- 
rea, gleet. B. ventric'uli, gastrorrhoea. B. vesi'cse, 
cystirrhcea. 
Blenno'ses. Affections of mucous membranes. 
Blennostasis, blen-os'tas-is (blenna, stasis, rest). 
Suppression or suspension of mucous discharge. 
Blennostatic, blen-o-stat'ik (same deriv.). Remedy 
for suppression of mucous discharge. 
Blennothorax, blen - o - tho' raks (blenna, thorax, 
chest). Pulmonary catarrh, peripneumonia notha. 
B. chron'icus, asthma humidum. 
Blennotorrhoea, blen-o-tor'rhe-ah (blenna, ous, ear, 
rheo, to flow). Discharge of mucus from the ear; otor- 
rhoea. 
Blennurethria, blen-u-re'thre-ah (blenna, ourethra, 
urethra). Gonorrhoea; urethral blennorrhoea. 
Blennuria, blen-u're-ah (blenna, ouron, urine). 
Presence of mucus in urine; cystirrhcea. 
Blennymen, blen-e'men (blenna, humen, membrane). 
Mucous membrane. 
Blennymenitis, blen-e-men-e'tis. Mucitis ; inflam- 
mation of mucous membrane. 
Blephara, blef'ar-ah (pl. of Blepharon). Eyelids. 
Blepharadenes, blef-ar-ad'en-ees (blepharo, aden, 
gland). Meibomian glands. 
Blephar adenitis, blef-ar-ad-en-e'tis (blepharo, aden, 
gland). Ophthalmia tarsi; inflammation of the eye- 
lids, or of sebaceous glands and hair-follicles of the 
lids. 
Blepharal, blef'ar-al. Relating to the eyelid ; pal- 
pebral. 
Blepharanthracosis, blef-ar-an-thrah-co'sis. Gan- 
grenous or carbuncular inflammation of the eyelids. 
Blepharelosis, blef-ar-el-o'sis (blepharo, eileo, to roll). 
Entropion; ectropion. 
Blepharemphysema blef-ar-em-fe-ze'mah. Emphy- 
sema of the eyelid. 
Blepharic, blef'ar-ik. Relating to the eyelid. 
Blepharides, blef-ar'id-es. Eyelashes. 
Blepharidoplastice, blef-ar-id-o-plas'te-se (blepharo, 
plasso, to form). Blepharoplasty. 
Bleph'aris. Eyelid. 
Blepharismus, blef-ar-iz'mus. Nictation; involun- 
tary winking. 
Blepharitis, blef-ar-e'tis. Ophthalmia tarsi. B. 
angula'ris, B. intermarginalis. B. cilia'ris, ophthal- 
mia tarsi. B. gangrseno'sa, blepharanthracosis. B. 
glandula'ris or glandulo'sa, inflammation of Mei- 
bomian glands; chalazion. B. intermargina'lis, in- 
flammation of lids and parts between, from altered 
secretion and lacrymation. B. inter'na, inflamma- 
tion of conjunctival portion of eyelids. B. margina'- 
lis, inflammation of edges of eyelids. B. phleg- 
mono'sa, intense inflammation of cellular tissue of 
eyelids. B. sim'plex, simple inflammation of edges 
of eyelids, with redness, crusting, and gluing together 
of the lids. B. ulcero'sa, form of blepharitis with 
pustules at opening of hair-glands, followed by ulcer- 
ation. B. variolo'sa, inflammation of lids in small- 
pox. 
Blepharo, blef'ar-o (eyelid). In composition, eye-> 
lid. BLE PH AROADE NITIS 
Blepharoadenitis, blef-ar-o-ad-en-e'tis (blepharo, 
aden, gland). Blepharadenitis. 
Blepharoadenoma, blef-aT-o-ad-en-o'mah. Gland- 
ular tumor of eyelid. 
Blepharoantheroma, blef-ar-o-anth-er-o'mah. Tu- 
mor of lid, semifluid and gelatinous, with distinct 
cell-wall. 
Blepharoblennorrhoea, blef-ar-o-blen-nor-rhe'ah. 
Purulent ophthalmia. B. neonato'rum, see Ophthal- 
mia purulenta infantum. 
Blepharocarcinoma, blef-ar-o-kar-sin-o'mah. Can- 
cer of the eyelid. 
Blepharochromidrosis, blef - ar - o - kro - mid - ro' sis 
(blepharo, chroma, color, idros, sweat). Colored sweat, 
of bluish coloring matter, especially of women. 
Blepharocleisls, blef-ar-o-kli'sis (blepharo, kleisis, 
closure). Occlusion or adhesion of the eyelids. 
Blepharocoloboma, blef-ar-o-ko-lo-bo'mah (coloboma, 
cleft or shortening). Fissure of eyelids; deficiency 
of eyelid. 
Blepharoconjunctivitis, blef-ar-o-kon-j unk-tiv-e'tis. 
Inflammation affecting the conjunctiva and eyelids. 
Blepharodyschroea, blef-ar-o-dis-kre'ah (blepharo, 
dus, with difficulty, chroa, color). Discoloration of 
the eyelid; naevus of the eyelid. 
Blepharoedema, blef-ar-e-de'mah (blepha~o, oidema, 
swelling). (Edema of eyelids. B. agno'sum, hydro- 
blepharon. 
Blepharoemphysema, blef-ar-o-em-fe-ze'mah. Em- 
physema of the eyelids. 
Blepharohsematidrosis, blef-ar-o-he-mat-id-ro'sis 
(blepharo, haima, blood, hidros, sweat). Sweating of 
blood from the eyelids, probably local hemorrhage. 
Blepharohyperidrosis, blef-ar-o-he-pur-id-ro'sis. 
Excessive sweating of the eyelids. 
Blepharolithiasis, blef-ar-o-lith-e'as-is (blepharo, 
lithos, stone). Formation of concretions in the eye- 
lid. 
Blepharomelaena, blef-ar-o-mel-e'nah (blepharo, 
melas, black). Condition of eyelids in which there is 
deposit of black pigment; blepharochromidrosis. 
Blepharon, blef'ar-on. Eyelid. B. atonia'ton, 
blepharoptosis. 
Blepharoncosis (blef-ar-on-ko'sis) or Blepharon'cus 
(blepharo, onfcos,. tumor). Tumor of the eyelid. 
Blepharo-ophthalmia, blef - ar - o - of - thal' me - ah. 
Blepharophthalmia. 
Blepharophimosis, blef-ar-o-fe-mo'sis (blepharo, 
phimoo, to constrict). Congenital diminution of space 
between the eyelids; blepharostenosis. 
Blepharophiegmasia, blef - ar - o - fleg - mah'ze - ah. 
Blepharitis. 
Blepharophthalmia, blef-ar-of-thal'me-ah. Ophthal- 
mia tarsi. B. neonato'rum, ophthalmia neonatorum. 
B. purulen'ta, blepharopyorrhcea. B. ulcero'sa, see 
Ophthalmia tarsi. 
Blepharophthalmitis glandulosa, blef-ar-of-thal- 
me'tis glan-du-lo'sah. Purulent ophthalmia of in- 
fants. 
Blepharophthalmo-blennorrhoea, blef-ar-of-thal'- 
mo-blen-or-rhe'ah. Blepharophthalmia. 
Blepharophthalmostat, blef - ar - of - thal' mo - stat 
(blepharo, ophthalmos, eye, statikos, at standstill). In- 
strument to keep eyeballs and eyelids immovable. 
Blepharophtheiriasis, blef-ar-o-thi-re'as-is. Con- 
dition of eyelashes, characterized by presence of 
lice. 
Blepharophyma, blef-ar-o-fe/mah (blepharo, phuma, 
swelling). Blepharoncosis. 
Blepharophysema, blef-ar-o-fiz-e'mah. Blephar- 
emphysema. 
Blepharoplasty, blef'ar-o-plas-te (blepharo, plasti- 
kos, forming). Formation of new eyelid; plastic 
surgery of the eyelid. 
Blepharoplegia, blef-ar-o-plej'e-ah (blepharo, plege, 
stroke). Paralysis of the eyelid. 
Blepharoptosis, blef-ar-o-to'sis (blepharo, ptosis, fall). 
Falling down of upper lid over the eye, caused by 
paralysis of levator palpebrse superioris muscle; un- 
favorable symptom, generally connected with a state 
of the brain favoring apoplexy or palsy. B. ectro'- 
148 
BLISTER 
pium, ectropium. B. entro'pion, entropion. B. la- 
gophthal'mus, lagophthalmus. 
Blepharopyorrhoea, blef-ar-o-pe-or-rhe'ah (blepharo, 
puon, pus, rheo, to flow). Secretion of pus from the 
eyelids. Purulent ophthalmia. B. neonato'rum, form 
of ophthalmia neonatorum; purulent ophthalmia of 
infants. 
Blepharorrhaphy, blef - ar - or' rhaf - e (blepharo, 
rhaphe, suture). Operation for bringing together 
edges of the lids by stitches, as after removal of 
eyeball or operation for ectropion. 
Blepharorrhoea, blef-ar-or-rhe'ah (blepharo, rheo, to 
flow). Discharge of mucus or purulent matter from 
the eyelids. 
Blepharospasm, blef 'ar-o-spazm. Spasmodic action 
or tic of orbicularis palpebrarum muscle, generally 
occurring in scrofulous corneitis or conjunctivitis. 
Blepharospath, blef'ar-o-spath (blepharo, spathe, 
spatula). Forceps applied to the eyelid to check 
hemorrhage. 
Blepharostat, blef'ar-o-stat. Elevator for the eye- 
lids, enabling the surgeon to thoroughly expose the 
parts for examination or operation. 
Blepharostenosis, blef-ar-o-sten-o'sis (blepharo, sten- 
osis, contraction). Accidental or congenital diminu- 
tion of space between the eyelids. Blepharophimosis. 
Blepharosymphysis, blef-ar-o-sim'fis-is (blepharo, 
sumphusis, growing together). Growing together or 
adhesion of the eyelids. 
Blepharosyndesmitis, blef - ar - o - sin - des - me'tis 
(blepharo, sundesmos, bond). Conjunctivitis of the 
eyelids. 
Blepharosynechia, blef-ar-o-sin-ek'e-ah (sunecheia, 
connection). Adhesion of eyelids; blepharosym- 
physis. 
Blepharotis (blef-ar-o'tis), Blephari'tis, orBlephar- 
oti'tis. Ophthalmia tarsi. B. glandula'ris contagi- 
o'sa, see Ophthalmia. 
Blepharotosis, blef-ar-o-to'sis. Ectropium. 
Blepharoxystum, blef-ar-oks-is'tum (blepharo, xuo, 
to scrape). Instrument for removing callosities from 
the eyelids, as in trachoma. 
Blepharydatis, blef-ar-id'at-is (blepharo, hudatis, 
hydatid). Hydatid affection of the eyelid. 
Blephilia hirsuta, blef-il'e-ah hur-su'tah (blepharis, 
eyelash). Ohio horsemint, Hairy horsemint. Indige- 
nous plant having aromatic properties of mint family. 
Blessed herb, bles'sed urb. Geum urbanum. B. 
this'tle, Carduus benedictus. 
Blestrismus, bles-triz'mus. Restlessness of the sick. 
Jactitation. 
Bleta (bla'tah) al'ba. White or milky urine. 
Bletia campanulata, ble'she-ah kam-pan-u-lat'ah. 
Mexican plant used in dysentery. 
Blight. Mildew. Partial paralysis of nerves of the 
face, from cold. B. in the eye, catarrhal ophthalmia; 
palsy of orbicularis palpebrarum and muscles of eye- 
brow ; extravasation of blood within the conjunctiva. 
B., sand'y, conjunctivitis with photophobia and sen- 
sation of grittiness. 
Blights. See Lichen urticatus. 
Blind. Without sight; without outlet, as blind 
canals, the caecum, etc. B. boil, see Furunculus. B. 
fis'tula, fistula without outlet. B. piles, those with- 
out any discharge externally. B. spot, point of 
entrance of optic nerve on retina. 
Blind'ness. Loss of sight; see Ceecitas. B., blue, 
incapacity to distinguish blue color. B., col'or, the 
want of capacity to distinguish or appreciate colors; 
achromatopsia. B., cor'tical, loss of sight from lesion 
of cortical part of the eye. B., day, see Nyctalopia. 
B., light'ning, see Lightning. B., moon, see Hemer- 
alopia. B., ner'vous, amaurosis. B., night or noc- 
tur'nal, see Hemeralopia. B., psych'ical, form of 
blindness in which sight exists, but without power 
of recognition. B., red, inability to distinguish red 
color. B., snow, see Snow. B., word, aphasia. 
Blink'ing. Winking. 
Blister, blis'tur. Vesicle or vesication from vesi- 
catories or other causes; also vesicant, vesicatory; a 
blister plaster; substance which, when applied to the BLISTERING 
skin, irritates it and occasions serous secretion, rais- 
ing the epidermis and inducing vesicles, as canthar- 
ides, mustard, ammonia, etc. Blisters are used as 
counter-irritants. A blister applied a few hours to 
produce this effect is termed a flying blister. A per- 
petual blister is one kept open by appropriate dress- 
ings. B. bee'tle, cantharis. B. fe'ver, vesicular 
eruption of the lip; see Fever blister. B. fly, can- 
tharis. B., fly'ing, transient application of blister to 
produce rubefaction; see Blister. B., per'manent, 
blister so treated as to prevent its healing. B., 
perpet'ual, see Blister. B. plant, Ranunculus acris. 
B. plas'ter, blister. B. weed, Ranunculus acris. 
B., white, Rupia escharotica. 
Blistering (blis'tur-ing) ce'rate. Ceratum canthar- 
idis. B. collo'dion, pyroxylin dissolved in blister- 
ing liquid. B. fly, cantharis. B. liquid, liquor epi- 
spasticus. B. pa'per, see Sparadrapum vesicatorium. 
B. plas'ter, ceratum cantharidis. B. tis'sue, see Spa- 
radrapum vesicatorium. 
Blitum Americanum, ble'tum am-er-ik-an'um. 
Phytolacca decandra. 
Block teeth. See Teeth, block. 
Blood, blud (Sax. blob). Animal fluid formed chiefly 
from chyle; acquiring important properties during 
respiration; entering every organ through the circu- 
lation, distributing nutritive principles to every tex- 
ture and the source of every secretion. Blood is white 
in molluscous and inferior animals, which are hence 
called white-blooded to distinguish them from the 
red-blooded, including the mammalia, birds, reptiles, 
and fishes. Arterial or red blood is florid, with 
a strong smell; s. g. 1.049. Venous or black blood 
is brownish red; s. g. 1.051. The former, distrib- 
uted from the heart, is nearly the same through 
its whole extent; venous blood is the remains of ar- 
terial blood after different elements have been taken 
from it in nutrition, with addition of products of 
absorption. Blood, taken from a vessel and left to 
itself, becomes solid, separating into two distinct parts, 
Serum, or watery supernatant fluid, and Clot, variously 
called Cruor, Coagulum, Crassamentum, Hepar or 
Placenta sanguinis or cruoris, Insula, and Thrombus. 
Serum is chiefly water holding albumen in solution 
and salts of the blood; clot contains fibrin, col- 
oring matter, haematin, little serum, and small quan- 
tity of salts. The blood is composed of water in 
which are dissolved salts and proteids, and suspended 
in it are the corpuscles. The following table presents, 
at a glance, a statement of the composition of the 
blood (Kirkes): 
Average composition of 
blood (in 1000 parts). 
Water 784 
Albumen 70 
Fibrin 2.2 
Red corpuscles (globulin 123, heematin 7). 130 
149 
> BLOOD 
Blood taken from an artery coagulates in 3-15 min- 
utes. The coagulation of the blood is hastened by mod- 
erate warmth, 100° to 120° F.; by contact with foreign 
matters; by access of air; by rest; and by addition 
of moderate amounts of water. It is retarded or pre- 
vented by greater heat or extreme cold; by contact 
with living tissues, especially the blood-vessels; by 
absence of air (after death by asphyxia blood remains 
fluid, also when air is withheld from drawn blood, as 
by film of oil); by agitation of the vessel; by more 
than twice the bulk of water; by addition of viscid 
substances, as glycerin or syrup; by addition of neu- 
tral salts, about 2 per cent, solution ; by digestive fer- 
ments ; and by strong acids or alkalies. (Manning.) 
The globules, blood-globules, blood-corpuscles, blood- 
cells, blood-disks, or blood-vesicles are small bodies, 
particularly observable when the transparent parts of 
cold-blooded animals are examined by the aid of the 
microscope, and are met with in the blood of all ani- 
mals. They are circular in the mammalia, excepting 
the camel and the llama, and elliptical in birds and 
cold-blooded animals; flat in all animals, and generally 
composed of a central nucleus enclosed in a membran- 
ous sac. Chemically, they consist of hsematin and 
globulin, haemato-globulin, or cruorin. By some, how- 
ever, they, as well as globulin, heematocrystallin, and 
haemoglobulin or haemoglobin, have been considered 
t.o be formed of one chemical substance, readily de- 
composed, the crystallizable material haemato'idin, 
although the latter is usually considered a derivative 
of haemoglobin. See Globulin. The corpuscles vary 
in size in different animals. The following table 
(from that of Gulliver and the observations of Chap- 
man) exhibits a comparative view of the 
Average Diameters of the Blood-corpuscles in Dif- 
ferent Animals. 
Mammals. 
Animal. Diameter. 
Manatee inch. 
Elephant 77Ib " 
Ant-eater .... 27BB " 
Sloth Es'sB " 
Whale snW " 
Camel 11 
Man 35W 11 
Orang 3353 " 
Chimpanzee . . . 3j\2 " 
5°g 3KIS " 
Opossum 
Dabbit ...... 3B1jj7 
Black rat 575-4 " 
Mouse s/u " 
Brown rat .... jj1,, " 
Gray squirrel. . . jfa " 
Ox T3B7 " 
Cat T1W 
Sheep bb&e 
Goat EBBS 1 
Pigmy musk deer . T2|23 " 
Birds. 
Animal. Diameter. 
Ostrich 
Owl ttbs " 
Swan ib'ob 11 
Pigeon TB>73 " 
Reptiles. 
Turtle r^3T " 
Viper " 
Lizard " 
Amphibia. 
Amphiuma .... " 
Proteus jJq " 
Siren " 
Menopoma .... 5J3 " 
Fishes. 
Pike sown " 
Perch " 
Lamprey 2-?3I " 
Cholesterin 
Cerebrin 
Serolin 
Oleic and margaric acids 
Volatile and odorous fatty acids .... 
Fat containing phosphorus 
Fatty 
mat- 
ters. 
1.4 
Besides these, blood contains white or pale glob- 
ules, leucocytes, leucocythes, or blood bioplasts, which are 
lymph and chyle corpuscles and corpuscles produced 
through the action of the spleen, lymphatic and 
solitary glands, etc., in process of development into 
red corpuscles. The proportion of white to red cor- 
puscles is about 2 or 3 to 1000. 
The average thickness of a red corpuscle is about 
the reistfth of an inch. The white corpuscle is larger 
than the red, measuring, on an average, the 
of an inch; white corpuscles are more numerous in 
pregnancy, and in children than in adults. They 
are found in the spleen, in the solitary and lymphatic 
glands, red marrow of bones, etc. 
Hayem differentiates three varieties of red cor- 
puscles: large, with a diameter of 0.0085 metres; 
medium-sized, with a diameter of 0.0075; small, with 
a diameter of 0.0065. Among 100 blood-corpuscles, 
75 are of medium size. The following facts from 
Vierordt are of interest in regard to the corpuscles 
of the blood: 
Size: greatest diameter, 0.00774 metres (minimum 0.0045, 
maximum 0.0097); greatest thickness, 0.00190. 
Chloride of sodium 3.6 
Chloride of potassium .35 
Phosphate of sodium (Na3Po4) .2 
Carbonate of sodium .82 
Sulphate of sodium .28 
Phosphates of calcium and magnesium . .25 
Oxide and phosphate of iron .50 
Extractive matters, biliary coloring mat- 
ter, gases, and accidental substances . 6.4 
Inor- 
ganic 
salts. 
1000 
The four principal components of the blood are fibrin, 
albumen, corpuscles, and saline matter. In the circu- 
lating blood they are thus combined: 
Fibrin, 
Albumen, 
Salts, 
in solution forming Liquor sanguinis; red and 
white corpuscles suspended in the liquor 
sanguinis. 
In coagulated blood they are thus combined: 
Fibrin, 
Red and white corpuscles, 
forming the crassamentum or 
clot. 
Albumen, 
Salts, 
remaining in solution, forming serum. BLOOD 
Weight of a single blood-corpuscle . 0.00008 mg. 
Specific weight1.105 (Weicker); 1.088- 
1.089 (C. Schmidt). 
Number of red corpuscles per mm.: 
5,174,000 (Vierordt). 
5,000,000 (Hayem). 
5-6,000,000 (Patrigeon). 
Ratio between white and red corpuscles : 
Observers. 
150 
BLOOD 
B., circulation of, see Circulation. B. clot, coag- 
ulum; see Blood. B., col'oring matter of, see 
Blood. B. cor'puscles, blood-globules; see Blood. 
B. crystals, hsematoidin. B. cyst, sanguineous 
cyst; see Heematoma and Heematocele. B. disease, 
any morbid condition, the materies morbi of which 
is presumed to exist in the blood. Such diseases 
are rather dependent upon diseased cell-action, 
which may be caused, however, by a modified condi- 
tion of the blood; see Hsematonosus. B. disk'let, 
blood-globules. B. disks, blood-globules; see Blood. 
B., dried, see Blood. B. fimk'ers, see Heematopliobia. 
B. glands, see Ganglion. B. glob'ules, see Blood. 
B. heat, 98.6° F. on the thermometric scale. B., 
inflamtnatory, see Hsemitis. B. isl'ands, collections 
of small red spots in the vascular area in early em- 
bryonic life, afterward developing into blood-vessels. 
B. liq'uor, liquor sanguinis. B., loss of, hemorrhage. 
B., men'strual, see Menses. B. mur'murs, see Murmurs. 
B. particles, blood-corpuscles. B. pictfiires, picture 
or small pattern network speedily formed by human 
blood under the microscope, distinguishable from that 
formed by other animals, which takes place more 
slowly with larger pattern. B. pig'ments, see Pig- 
ments. B. plaques, small circular disks in blood, con- 
cerned in development of red corpuscles; see Blood. 
B. plas'ma, see Plasma and Blood. B. plates, see Blood 
and Hsematoblasts. B. plates or plaques of Bizzozero, 
see Blood-globules. B. pois'oning, presumed condition 
of the blood, in which its constitution is modified by 
reception into it of substances that render it noxious 
or unfit for healthy nutrition, as in pyaemia, septi- 
caemia, etc. B. pres'sure, force exercised by the 
blood against the walls of the blood-vessels. This is 
modified, of course, by the condition of the heart, the 
elasticity of the vessels, etc. The causes of alteration 
in the blood-pressure may be tabulated as follows 
(Brunton): 
May be raised- May be lowered- 
1. By the heart beating more 1. By the heart beating more 
quickly. slowly. 
2. By the heart beating more 2. By the heart beating less 
vigorously and more com- vigorously and completely, 
pletely, and sending more and sending less blood into 
blood into the aorta at each the aorta at each beat, 
beat. 
3. By contraction of the arte- 3. By dilatation of the arte- 
rioles, retaining the blood rioles, allowing the blood to 
in the arterial system. flow more quickly into the 
veins. 
4. By deficient supply of blood 
to the left ventricle, as from 
contraction of the pulmo- 
nary vessels, or obstruction 
to the passage of blood 
through them, or from stag- 
nation of blood in the large 
veins-e. g. in shock. 
The following estimates have been made from direct 
experiments as to the nature of the blood-pressure: 
(a) In the arteries (Vierordt). 
Mercury. Column of blood. 
In the newborn = 111 mm. = 1443 mm. 
In 3-year-old = 138 " = 1794 " 
In 14-year-old = 171 " = 2223 " 
In adult = 200 " = 2600 " 
Albert estimated the blood-pressure in the anterior 
tibial artery (peripheral part), before amputations, to 
be 100-160 mm. mercury; upon rising up, an increase 
of 10-20 mm. mercury. The application of Esmarch's 
bandage to one leg increases the pressure 15 mm. 
Alexander Eckert ascertained with the use of 
Bosch's sphygmomanometer the blood-pressure in 
the superficial temporal artery (on an average) to be: 
Mm. mercury. 
2- years 97 
3- years 98 
4- years 99.5 
5 years 104 
6 years 108 
7 years Ill 
8 years 111.5 
9-12 years 115 
Adults (females 20-30 years) 174 
Gowers 1: 330 
Weicker .... 1:335 
Moleschott . . . 1 : 357 (= 2.8 :1000) 
Bouchut and 
Dubrisay 
for 20-30 years1 : 700 
' for 30-58 years1:616 
: 340 (on an average). 
Frey states that in his own case, while fasting, the ratio was 
1: 357. Two hours after dinner Frey obtained for himself 
1: 303; in a boy 4 years old, 1: 345. 
Moleschott, 4 hours after breakfast . . 1: 466 
" 2 " "a meal containing little 
albumen 
" 2 " "a meal containing much 
albumen 
. 1:356 
. 1:282 
A third corpuscle or globule has been described, to 
which various names have been given-corpuscle of 
Hayem, elementary corpuscle of Zimmermann, haemoblast, 
blood-plague or blood-plate, disklet-a colorless proto- 
plasmic disk, measuring from 1.5 to 3.5 micromilli- 
meters, or even larger. As yet they have not been 
established as being anything more than undeveloped 
lymph or white corpuscles. 
The following table exhibits the computations of 
different physiologists regarding the amount of the 
circulating blood, arterial and venous: 
Harvey, 
Lister, 
Moulins, 
Abildguard, 
fbs. 
. .8 
Blumenbach, 
Lobb, . 
Lower and Lewes, 
Sprengel10 to 15 
Gunther and Bock5 to 20 
Blake16J to 18J 
Weber and Lehmann17| to 19 
Muller, Burdach, and P. Berard 20 
Wagner20 to 25 
Quesnai 27 
F. Hoffmann 28 
Haller28 to 30 
Young 40 
Hamberger 80 
Keill 100 
The estimates of Gunther, Bock, and Blake are 
probably approximations to the truth. The propor- 
tion of arterial blood to venous is about 4 to 9. 
Much attention has been paid to the varying con- 
dition of the blood in disease. The average propor- 
tion of each of the organic elements in 1000 parts of 
healthy blood is as follows, according to Le Canu and 
MM. Andral and Gavarret: fibrin, 3; red corpuscles, 
127; solid matter of the serum, 80; water, 790; but 
in inflammation the amount of fibrin may be in- 
creased to 10, and the albumen diminished, as it is in 
Bright's disease, etc.; and in fevers, etc. the fibrin 
diminished in quantity. Blood-clots may become soft- 
ened, and by breaking up become causes of obstruc- 
tion in the vessels. See Embolism and Thrombosis. 
Dried human blood was at one time considered to 
be antiepileptic, and dried blood-globules of the ox 
have been given internally in cases of anaemia. 
The blood of the goat, dried, sanguis hirci siccatus, 
sudorific and antipleuritic, the dried blood of the 
ox, extract uni sanguinis bovini, and the dried red 
corpuscles, have been given as analeptics, especially 
where there was a deficiency of red corpuscles. 
Blood, arte'rial, see Blood. B., black, see Blood. B., 
black, vas'cular sys'tem of, see Vascular. B. boil, 
haematoma. B. cal'culi, see Pseudo-calculi. B. ca'sein, 
globulin. B. casts, casts of renal tubes formed by 
coagulated blood seen in examining urine micro- 
scopically, in hemorrhage from secreting portion of 
the kidney. B. cells, blood-globules. B. chan'nels, 
canaliculi, devoid of walls, for the passage of blood 
in granulation tissue. B., char'coal, see Charcoal. 
10 BLOOD 
In the radial artery : 
Mm. mercury. 
Healthy men 145-180 (v. Basch). 
" persons in general . . 135-160 ( " ). 
" persons in general . . 100-130 (70-150 Zadek), 
Christeller. 
Women 140-150 (Zadek). 
Boy 4% years of age 44 ( " ). 
"10 " " 56 ( " ). 
" " " 100 ( " ). 
(&) Tn the capillaries (Kries). 
The blood-pressure in the capillaries is about equal 
to to | of arterial pressure. 
(c) In the veins. 
About of the pressure of the corresponding artery. 
In the large veins near the heart the pressure in gen- 
eral is negative during inspiration, positive during 
expiration. B., red, see Blood. B., r., sys'tem of, see 
Vascular. B. root, Sanguinaria Canadensis. B., sez- 
rum of, see Blood. B. sounds, see Murmur, arterial. 
B., spit'ting of, haemoptysis. B. stains, when spots 
are supposed to consist of blood, microscope, spectrum 
analysis, and chemical tests assist in determining the 
fact, and if so, whether they be of human blood. B. 
stone, haematites. B. stroke, loss of sensation and 
motion resulting from cerebral hemorrhage or con- 
gestion of vessels of brain; hemorrhage in areolar 
tissue of face, lungs, skin, etc. B., sweating of, 
hsematidrosis. B. tab'lets, B. plates. B. tubes, see 
Arteries and Veins. B. tu'mor, swelling, with effusion 
of blood; haematoma. B., ve'nous, see Blood. B. 
ves'icle, blood-globule. B. ves'sel, vessel destined to 
contain and convey blood. B., vom iting of, haema- 
temesis. B. weed, Asclepias curassavica. B., white, 
lymph. B. wort, Hieracium venosum, Sanguinaria 
Canadensis. 
Blood'ing. Bloodletting; flooding. 
Bloodless meth'od or operation. Operation, as 
amputation, in which Esmarch's elastic bandage and 
tourniquet are employed and bleeding is prevented. 
Bloodlessness, blud'les-nes. Anaemia. 
Bloodletter, blud'let-tur. Bleeder. 
Bloodletting, blud'let-ting. Blooding, Bleeding, Let- 
ting blood ; discharge of a certain quantity of blood pro- 
duced by art; opening a vessel to draw blood from it. 
Practised on an artery, it is called arteriotomy; on a 
vein, phlebotomy (vensesectio, venesection, breathing a 
vein); on capillary vessels, local or capillary bleeding, 
in contradistinction to the former, or general bloodlet- 
ting. Bleeding is used during existence of disease, as 
in inflammation and in way of prophylaxis, (1) to 
diminish the actual mass of blood, and, in such case, 
fluids ought not to be allowed too freely afterward; 
(2) to diminish turgescence in any organ; revulsive 
bloodletting or bleeding, vensesectio revulsoria, when 
performed far from the part affected, and derivative 
bloodletting when near; (3) to diminish the corpuscles 
of blood, spoliative phlebotomy. The immediate effects 
of bloodletting are diminution of mass of blood and 
of heat, retardation of pulse, sometimes syncope. 
Bloodletting from a vein, p/iZe&otomy, is practised on 
subcutaneous veins of neck, face, forearm, and leg, 
sometimes of the hand or foot; the necessary appa- 
ratus consists of bandage or ribbon, compress, and 
lancet or fleam. The veins selected for operation 
are-1. In the fold of the arm, cephalic, basilic, two 
median, and anterior cubital. 2. In the hand, cephalic 
and salvatella. 3. In the foot, great and little saphena. 
4. In the neck, external jugular. 5. In the forehead, 
frontal. 6. In the mouth, ranine. Phlebotomy in 
the limb is performed by tying a circular bandage 
round it, to render subcutaneous veins turgid by 
blood being obstructed, bandage not being so tight, 
however, as to compress the arteries. Puncture is 
made into the vein, and the desired quantity allowed 
to flow; the ligature is now removed and a compress 
and retaining bandage are applied. 
Capillary or local bloodletting, arterio-phlebotomy, is 
practised on the skin or mucous membranes by means 
of leeches, lancet, or cupping. B., top'ical, B., local. 
BloodTike. Sanguine. 
151 
BODY 
Bloodshot. Hypersemic, as of the eye. 
Blood'y. Sanguineous. Having character of blood; 
relating to blood. B. flux, dysentery. B. sweat, 
hsemidrosis; ephidrosis cruenta. 
Bloom, hon'ey. Apocynum androsaemifolium. 
Blooming spurge. Euphorbia corollata. 
Blos'som. See Grog-blossom. 
Biota alba, blo'tah al'bah. Bleta. 
Blotch. Pustule; discolored eruption. B., milk, 
crusta lactea. 
Blow'ball. Leontodon taraxacum. 
Blowing sound. Bellows sound. B. s., diffused, 
see Murmur, respiratory. 
Blown. Out of breath; stained with ova, as of fly. 
Blow'pipe. Straight or bent tube with an opening 
at the end for heating substances. 
Blue bells. Gentiana Cate shad. B., Berlin, mate- 
rial used for injecting the vascular system in patho- 
logical investigations, of which potassium ferrocya- 
nide, sodium sulphate, and iron chloride are the 
main components. B. berry, Caulophyllum thalic- 
troides, Lantana. B. blind'ness, see Blindness. B. 
bonnets, Centaurea cyanus. B. bottle, Centaurea 
cyanus, Cyanus segetum. B. disease, cyanosis. B. 
flag, Iris versicolor. B., gen'tian, Gentiana Catesbaei. 
B. gum, blue line along the gums, indicating lead- 
poisoning. B. gum tree, Eucalyptus globulus. B. 
line, B. gum. B., low, Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum. 
B. mass pill, mass of mercurial pill; see Pilulse hy- 
drargyri. B. meth'ylene, see Methylene. B. oint'- 
ment, mercurial ointment. B. pill, mercurial pill; 
see Pilules hydrargyri. B. pyoktanin, see Pyoktanin. 
B. stone, copper sulphate. B. ver'vain, Verbena 
hastata. B. vi'olet, Viola pedata. B. vit'riol, copper 
sulphate. 
Blues. Hypochondriasis. 
Bluet. Centaurea cyanus. 
Blumea balsamif'era. Plant of Asia, source of 
Ngai camphor, by distillation. B. la'cera, species from 
E. Indies, having odor of turpentine; used in dyspepsia. 
Blunt hook. See Hook. 
Blush. See Flush. B., cuta'neous, see 
B., inflam'matory, erythema. 
Blushwort. Erythraea. 
Boa, bo'ah. Eruption of red, ichorous pimples; see 
Hidroa and Sudamina. B. u'pas, upas. B. vis la 
fever, yellow fever. 
Boas, bo'e. Syphilis. 
Boat-belly. Condition in which marked retraction 
of the abdomen is present, due to emaciation. 
Boat-shaped abdo'men. Boat-belly. 
Bob's root. Psoralia melilotoides. 
Boch'dalek, gan'glion of. Small thickening formed 
by branch of anterior dental nerve uniting with 
branch of posterior nasal nerve from Meckel's gan- 
glion. 
Bochetum, bo-ke'tum. Decoction of several sudor- 
ific woods. 
Bochium (bo'ke-um) or Bo'cium. Bronchocele. 
Bocho, bo'ko. Diosma crenata. 
Bodo sal'tans. Variety of flagellata sometimes 
met with on unhealthy ulcers. B. urina'rius, species 
found in albuminous urine of those suffering from 
cholera. 
Body, bod'e. Human body as a collection of or- 
gans ; the trunk; body of a bone, as of the femur, 
sphenoid, etc., to designate shaft or middle portion 
of those bones; body of the uterus, main part of that 
organ; corpse; distinct portion of matter perceived by 
the senses; the rectum. B., ad'enoid, prostate gland; 
melanotic tumor. B., adre'nal, suprarenal capsules. 
B. of Aran'tins, see Corpora Arantii. B., axlle, 
axile corpuscles. B., bigeminal, corpora quadri- 
gemina. B., cav'ernous, corpus cavernosum. B., 
cen'tral, nucleus. B., ciliary, see Ciliary. B., 
coming down of, proctocele or prolapse of rectum. 
B., den'tate, corpus dentatum. B., fim'briate, cor- 
pus fimbriatum. B., ganglionic, see Nerve-cells. B., 
genic'ulate, see Corpus geniculatnm. B. of High'- 
more, corpus Highmorianum. B., hy'aloid, corpus 
vitreum. B. louse, pediculus vestimenti. B., Mai- BODY-READING 
pig'hian, Malpighian corpuscle. B., Meiss'ner's, tac- 
tile corpuscle. B., mu'riform, mass of vitelline globes 
from segmentation of vitellus. B. of O'ken, meso- 
nephros. B., ol'ivary, corpus olivare. B., Pacchio'- 
nian, granular bodies on surface of dura mater in 
course of longitudinal sinus. B., Pacin'ian, see Pacin- 
ian corpuscles. B., perine'al, see Perineum. B., pin'- 
eal, pineal gland. B., pitu'itary, see Pituitary. B., 
postpyram'idal, posterior pyramid. B., prepyram'- 
idal, anterior pyramid. B., pyram'idal, corpus pyra- 
midale. B., quadrigem'inal, see Corpora quadrigem- 
ina. B., rest'iform, corpus restiforme. B., rhom'- 
boid, fourth ventricle. B. of Ro'senmuller, parova- 
rium; epoophoron. B., spon'gy, corpus spongiosum. 
B., stri'ated, corpus striatum. B., suprare'nal, supra- 
renal capsule. B., thy'roid, thyroid gland. B., touch, 
tactile corpuscle. B., trap'ezoid, trapezium-shaped 
portion of pons Varolii. B., vit'reous, corpus vitreum. 
B., Wolff'ian, corpus Wolffianum, mesonephros. B., 
yel'low, corpus luteum. 
Body-reading. See Muscle-reading. 
Body-searcher, bod'e-surch-ur. Searcher. One who 
formerly examined bodies to report as to cause of 
death. 
Body-snatcher, bod'e-snatch-ur. Resurrectionist. 
Boe, bo'e. Cry. 
Bcehme'ria cauda'ta. Brazilian plant; sudorific; 
used also for hemorrhoids. 
Boelli, bo-el'le. Intestines. 
Boerhaavia diandra, bur-hav'e-ah de-an'drab. 
Plant of South America ; root is emeto-cathartic. B. 
diffu'sa grows in W. Indies; root is purgative. B. 
hirsu'ta, same habitat; leaves are employed in dis- 
eases of liver. B. procum'bens, plant of India; 
antipyretic, cathartic, anthelmintic. B. scan'dens, 
root of this shrub of W. Indies is used in gonorrhoea. 
B. tubero'sa grows in Peru ; antisyphilitic. 
Boethema, bo-e-the'mah (aid). Medicament. 
Boettcher, cells of. Cells arranged in single layer 
on membrana basilaris of cochlea. B.'s test, test 
for sugar; consists of adding equal parts of urine and 
of liquor potass®, then adding small quantity of sub- 
nitrate of bismuth, and boiling for some time. If 
sugar is present, the bismuth becomes black or gray. 
Bcettger. See Bcettcher. 
Bog'bean. Menyanthes trifoliata. 
Bogota' bark. Form of Carthagena or non-officinal 
cinchona bark. 
Bog-rush. Eleocharis palustris. 
Bo'hon u'pas. Antiaris upas. 
Boil. Furunculus. B., Alep'po, see Bouton. B., 
blind, see Furunculus. B., bulama, see Bulama. B., 
Del'hi, see Bouton. B., gum, alveolar abscess; parulis. 
B., malig'nant, see Furunculus. B., trop'ical, B., 
Aleppo. B., wasp's-nest, see Furunculus. 
Boi'na. Cow-pox. 
Bo'la. Myrrh. 
Bolbomelanoma (bol-bo-mel-an-o'mah) or Bolbo- 
melanosis, bol-bo-mel-an-o'sis (bolbos, bulb). Melano- 
sis of eyeball. Latter word also denotes formation 
of such melanotic tumor. 
Bol'chon. Bdellium. 
Boldine, bol'deen. Alkaloid from boldo; used in 
diseases of the bladder and liver and in gall-stones. 
Bol'do. Leaves of Boldoa fragrans or Peumus 
boldus; stimulant and antiseptic. 
Boldoa aromatica, bol-do'ah ar-o-mat'ik-ah. Tree 
of Chili; leaves and bark in baths are given in rheu- 
matic arthritis. B. fra'grans, B. aromatica. 
Boldo-glucine, bol'do-glu'seen. Glucoside derived 
from Boldoa fragrans; possesses hypnotic properties. 
Boldus, bol'dus. Boldo. 
Bole (bolos, clod of earth). Argillaceous earth; used 
as absorbent and alexipharmic. Various boles were 
stamped or sealed, hence called terrse sigillatse or sealed 
earths. B. Arme'nian, red, clayey earth from Arme- 
nia and other countries of Europe, once esteemed 
tonic and astringent; it consists of argil mixed 
with lime and iron. B., white, is native aluminium, 
silicate, or argil, with trace of iron; similar prop- 
erties. 
152 
BONE 
Boletic (bol-et'ik) ac'id. Acid existing in Boletus 
agaricus. 
Boletus agaricus, bol-e'tus ag-ar'ik-us (bolos, lump 
or mass). B. laricis. B. al'bus, B. laricis. B. cervti- 
nus, Elaphomyces granulatus. B. chirurgo'rum, B. 
igniarius. B. discoi/deus, Daedalea suaveolens. B. 
edu'lis, edible species, of agreeable taste and smell. 
B. esculen'tus, edible mushroom, found in woods in 
Europe, much admired by gastronomes; formerly 
esteemed aphrodisiac. B. fomenta'rius, Polyporus 
fomentarius. B. ful'vus, B. igniarius. B. hippocrepis, 
B. igniarius. B. ignia'rius, Agaric, Spunk, Amadou, 
Punk, Agaric of the oak, Touchwood, Touchwood boletus, 
Female agaric, Tinder; formerly much used by surgeons 
as a styptic. B. lar'icis, White agaric, cathartic and 
emetic, and used also in sweats of phthisis. Agaricin, 
the active principle, is given for this purpose in 
doses of gr. to Externally, B. laricis is styptic. 
B. obtu'sus, B. igniarius. B. officina'lis, B. laricis. 
B. pur'gans, B. laricis. B. sal'icis, Dsedalea suave- 
olens. B. suave'olens, Dsedalea suaveolens. B. 
touch'wood, Boletus igniarius. 
Bolismos, bol-iz'mos (bolos, mass). Boulimia. 
Bolites, bol-e'tez (bolos, mass). Mushroom; per- 
haps Agaricus aurantiacus. 
Bo'los. Eruption of teeth. 
Bolt. To swallow without chewing, as to " bolt one's 
food." 
Bo'lus (bolos, lump or mass). Bole; pharmaceu- 
tical preparation having pilular shape, but larger, 
although capable of being swallowed as a pill. B. 
al'ba, argil; commonly made into small cakes or flat 
masses, and stamped or sealed with certain impres- 
sions and called terree sigillatse ; used like Bole Arme- 
nian, and brought from Etruria; see Bole. B., aliment'- 
ary, mass formed by food after mastication and insal- 
ivation in the mouth, and collected upon the tongue 
prior to deglutition. B. Arme'na, bole Armenian. 
B., hysterical, see Hysteria. B. orienta'lis, bolar 
earth from Constantinople ; also bole Armenian. B. 
ru'bra, bole Armenian. 
Bomarea salsilla, bom - ar' e - ah sal - sil' lah (after 
naturalist Valmont de Bomare). Used as sudorific in 
Chili, and in infusion in cutaneous diseases. 
Bombax, bom'baks. Cotton; see Gossypium. B. Mal- 
abar'icum, tree of East Indies, various portions of 
which are emetic, astringent, laxative, diuretic, and 
antiphlogistic. B. septena'tum, tree of W. Indies and 
S. America; seeds are demulcent, leaves are an article 
of diet, and root-bark is emetic. 
Bom'bus (humming of bees). Ringing or buzzing 
in the ears. Borborygmus, or flatulent rumbling in 
the bowels. 
Bombyx, bom'biks. Vermiform process. B. mo'ri, 
see Ser i cum . 
Bona, bo'nah. Phaseolus vulgaris. B. fe'ver, see 
Fever, bona. 
Bonannia officinalis, bon-an'ne-ah of-fis-in-al'is. 
Sinapis alba. 
Bond'ea. Erythrophloeum. 
Bon'duc. Csesalpina bonducella; bonduc or bon- 
ducella seeds are tonic and antiperiodic, and in large 
doses emetic. 
Bonducin, bon'du-sin. Bitter resinous principle 
from oily fruit of Guilandina bonducella; used in in- 
termittent fever. 
Bondue, bon'du. Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
Bone. Bones are solid and hard parts, forming the 
basis of the bodies of animals of the superior classes, 
union of which constitutes the skeleton. The human 
body has, at adult age, 240 bones, including 32 teeth 
and ossa Wormiana, and excluding sesamoid bones. 
Anatomists divide them, from their shape, into-1. 
Long bones, forming part of the limbs and representing 
columns for supporting weight of body, or levers of 
different kinds for muscles to act upon. 2. Flat bones, 
forming parietes of splanchnic cavities. 3. Short 
bones, in parts of body where solidity and some mo- 
bility are necessary. Bones are formed of two dif- 
ferent textures, spongy-substantia spongiosa-and 
compact-substantia compacta. They afford, on anal- BONE 
ysis, much phosphate and. carbonate of lime, little 
phosphate of magnesium, phosphate of ammonium, 
oxide of iron and manganese, some traces of alumina 
and silica, gelatin, fat, and water. Lehman's analy- 
sis of the chemical characters of bone is as follows: 
Gelatin and blood-vessels33 per cent. 
Phosphate of calcium 57 " 
Carbonate of calcium 8 " 
Fluoride of calcium 1 " 
Phosphate of magnesium 1 " 
100 per cent. 
The uses of the bones are usually mentioned under 
each bone. They give shape to the body, contain and 
defend the viscera, and act as levers to muscles. 
Table of the Bones. 
153 
BONE 
four branchial arches proceed. B., basidig'ital, meta- 
tarsal and metacarpal bones are so called. B., hast- 
ily''al, bone in other animals corresponding to body of 
human hyoid bone; basibranchial b. B., basilar, 
sphenoid and occipital bones considered as a single 
bone; basioccipital bone, last lumbar vertebra, and 
sacrum have all received this name; basisphenoid 
bone of birds. B., basioccipital, basilar part of oc- 
cipital bone in foetal life. B., basisphe'noid, part of 
sphenoid bone from which back part of body of that 
bone and sella turcica are developed; in lower ani- 
mals, bone between basioccipital and presphenoid 
bones. B., blade, scapula. B., boatlike, scaphoid. 
B., breast, sternum. B., calf, fibula. B. canals', 
canals, nutritive; diploic. B., can'non, middle met- 
atarsal bone of some animals. B., car'pal, carpus. 
B., cheek, malar bone. B., col'lar, clavicle. B., 
cor'acoid, bone representing, in some animals, cora- 
coid process in man. B., coro'nal, frontal bone. B., 
cot'yloid, acetabular bone. B., cox'al, coccyx; ilium. 
B., crib'riform, ethmoid bone. B., crup'per, coccyx. 
B., cu'boid, see Cuboid. B., cu'neiform, see Cunei- 
form. B., epihy'al, see Epihyal. B., epio'tic, carti- 
lage in lower animals corresponding to inferior por- 
tion of mastoid process in man. B., eth'moid, see 
Ethmoid. B., ex'ercise, bony formation developed in 
left arm of soldiers by musket exercise. B., exoc- 
cipital, lateral occipital bone of some animals, but 
in man part of occipital bone of foetus, constituting 
lateral part of foramen magnum and condyle. B., 
exter'nal cu'neiform, see Cuneiform. B., face, malar 
bone. B., fore'head, frontal bone. B., front'al, see 
Frontal. B., fronto-na'sal, nasal bone. B., haunch, 
ilium; innominate bone. B. of the heart, see Heart, 
bone of. B., heel, calcaneum. B., hip, innominate 
bone. B., hook, unciform bone. B., huc'kle, coccyx, 
astragalus. B., hy'oid or hyp'siloid, see Hyoid. B., 
iliac, ilium. B. of in'cus, interparietal bone. B., 
innominate, see Innominate. B., intermaxillary, 
bone in foetus behind anterior portion of superior 
maxillary bone, afterward united to it; in lower ani- 
mals corresponds to incisive portion of upper jaw. 
B., interpari'etal, see Interparietal. B., ju'gular, 
malar bone; lacrymal bone. B., knuc'kle, coccyx. 
B., lac'rymal, see Lacrymal. B., lentic'ular, orbicu- 
lar bone. B., lig'ament, sesamoid bone. B., lin'gual, 
hyoid bone. B., low'er jaw or low'er maxillary, 
inferior maxillary bone. B., lu'nar, semilunar bone. 
B., ma'lar, see Malar. B., mandible or mandibiilar, 
inferior maxillary bone. B., mas'toid, see Mastoid. 
B., maxillary, usually upper jaw-bone. B., meta- 
tar'sal, see Metatarsal. B., mid/jaw, B., intermaxil- 
lary. B., na'sal, see Nasal. B., navic'ular, see Na- 
vicular and Scaphoid. B., occipital, see Occipital. 
B., odon'toid, odontoid process of axis vertebra when 
a separate bone. B., olfact'ory, ethmoid bone. B., 
orbic'ular, orbicular process of incus. B., orbito- 
sphe'noid, lesser wing of sphenoid bone in lower ani- 
mals. B., pal'atal or pal'ate, see Palate bone. B., 
pari'etal, see Parietal. B., perone'al, fibula. B., pe- 
tro'sal, petrous part of temporal bone. B., pisiform, 
see Pisiform. B., plough'share, vomer. B., pro-o'tic, 
bone in lower animals corresponding to parts of pe- 
trous and mastoid portions and of labyrinth in man. 
B., pu'bic, see Pubes. B., pyramidal, see Pyramidal. 
B., rider's, cavalry bone. B., rump-coc'cyx, sacrum. 
B., scaph'oid, see Scaphoid. B., seat, ischium. B., 
semiluhiar, see Semilunar. B., ses'amoid, see Sesa- 
moid. B., share, ilium; pubic bone. B., shin, tibia. 
B., sling, astragalus. B., sphe'noid or sphenoid'al, 
see Sphenoid. B., splint'er, fibula. B., spoke, radius. 
B., spon'gy, turbinated bone. B., stir'rup, stapes. 
B., supermaxillary, superior maxillary bone. B., 
tail, coccyx. B., tar'sal, see Tarsus. B., temp'oral, 
see Temporal. B., thigh, femur. B., tongue, hyoid 
bone. B., trap'ezoid, trapezoid bone. B., trique'- 
tra, Wormian bones. B., turbinal, inferior turbinated 
bone. B., tympanic, bony ring nearly encircling 
membrana tympani. B., un'ciform, see Unciform. 
B., up'per jaw, superior maxillary bone. B., ver'tex, 
parietal bone. B., Wormian, see Wormian. B., wrist, 
Bones of the 
Cranium or 
Skull. 
Frontal 1 
Parietal 2 
Occipital 1 
Temporal 2 
Ethmoid 1 
Sphenoid 1 
Superior maxillary . . 2 
Malar or cheek ... 2 
Nasal 2 
Lacrymal 2 
Palatine 2 
Inferior spongy ... 2 
Vomer 1 
Inferior maxillary . . 1 
Bones of 
the 
Head. 
Bones of the 
Face. 
Incisors 8 
Cuspidate 4 
Molars 20 
The Teeth. 
Bone of the 
Tongue. 
Bones of the 
Ear. 
Hyoid 1 
Malleus 2 
Incus 2 
Orbicular 2 
Stapes . 2 
Cervical ....... 7 
Dorsal 12 
Lumbar 5 
Bones of 
the 
Trunk. 
Vertebra. 
Sacrum ................ 1 
Os Coccygis 1 
Thorax. 
Sternum ....... 1 
Ribs 24 
Pelvis Innominate 2 
Shoulder. -I 
Clavicle 2 
Scapula 2 
Arm Humerus 2 
Forearm. 
Ulna 2 
Radius 2 
Bones of 
the Up- 
per Ex- 
tremity. 
Navicular 2 
Semilunar 2 
Cuneiform 2 
Orbicular 2 
Trapezium 2 
Trapezoid 2 
Magnum 2 
Unciform 2 
Hand. 
Carpus or 
Wrist. 
Metacarpus 10 
Phalanges 28 
thighFemur 2 
Patella 2 
Tibia . . 2 
Fibula 2 
Bones of 
the Low- 
er Ex- 
tremity. 
Leg. 
Os calcis 2 
Astragalus 2 
Cuboid 2 
Navicular 2 
Cuneiform 6 
Foot. 
Tarsus or 
Instep. 
Metatarsus ............. 10 
Phalanges 28 
Total 240 
B., acetab'ular, small bone in acetabulum of some of 
the vertebrata. - B., aana'sal, premaxillary bone of 
some animals. B., ador'bital, lacrymal b., malar b. 
of some animals. B., alisphe'noid, bony cartilage in 
some animals, corresponding to greater wing of sphe- 
noid in man ; bone forming front of auditory capsule. 
B., an'gular, bone aiding to form part of inferior max- 
illary bone. B., an'kle, astragalus. B., apohy'al, 
bone in lower animals corresponding with lesser cornu 
of hyoid bone in man; epihyal bone. B., artic'ular, 
delicate lamella of articular end of bone, beneath 
articular cartilage; one of bones of lower jaw or 
mandible in some animals. B., back, vertebral col- 
umn. B., bar, pubic bone. B., basibranch'ial, basi- 
hyal bone of fishes; row of minute bones from which BONE 
metacarpal bone. B., yoke or zygomat'ic, malar 
bone. 
Bone ash. Products of bones, usually of ox and 
sheep, burnt white, chiefly calcium phosphate and a 
little carbonate; used in pharmacy. B. bind'er, see 
Osteocolla. B. black, animal charcoal. B. discs, bone 
plates. B. doctor, bonesetter. B. earth, see Cal- 
culi, urinary, and Cornu ustum. B. fe'ver, dengue; see 
Inflammation. B. nip'pers, instrument for cutting off' 
splinters, etc. B. phos'phate, see Calcis phosphas and 
Cornu ustum. B. plates, perforated plates of ox-bone 
used in the operation of intestinal anastomosis to pro- 
duce communication between the two segments of in- 
testine. B. set'ter, one who pays special attention to 
treatment of fractures; generally applied to irregular 
or uneducated practitioners, supposed to have special 
aptness in this direction. B. spav'in, bony growth in 
hock of horse. 
Bone'ache or Bone a'gue. See Osteocopus. 
Bones of Ber'tin. Sphenoidal cornua. B., brit'- 
tleness of, fragilitas ossium. B., friabil'ity of, fra- 
gilitas ossium. B., salt of, ammonii carbonas. B., 
soft'ening of, mollities ossium. 
Bone'set. Eupatorium perfoliatum. B., rough, 
Eupatorium teucrifolium. B., up'land, Eupatorium 
sessilifolium. 
Boneshave. Femoro-popliteal neuralgia. 
Bonifacia, bon-e-fas'e-ah. Ruscus hypoglossum. 
Bonnaya brachiata, bon-na'yah brak-e-at'ah. Plant 
of E. Indies, used in chronic cutaneous affections. B. 
grandiflo'ra, has similar properties in skin diseases 
and diseases of the liver. B. integrifo'lia, of E. In- 
dies, used in gonorrhoea, epilepsy, and diseases of the 
eyes. 
Bon''net. Reticulum. B., cap'sule of, capsule of 
Tenon. B. pep'per, Capsicum tetragonum. 
Bonnyclabber, bon'ne-klab-ur. Sour buttermilk; 
thick part of sour milk. 
Bonplandia angustura, bon-plan'de-ah an-gus-tu'- 
rah (after French naturalist Bonpland). Cusparia 
febrifuga. B. trifolia'ta, Cusparia febrifuga. 
Bontia (bon-she-ah) daphnoizdes (after Jacob Bon- 
tius, Dutch physician). Grows in W. Indies; flowers 
and berries in decoction are emollient; berries are 
also taenicide. B. ger'minans, Avicennia tomentosa. 
Bonus genius, bo'nus je'ne-us. Peucedanum. B. 
Henri'cus, Chenopodium bonus Henricus. 
Bo'ny. Osseous. 
Boo'cho or Boo'ko. Diosma crenata. 
Boo'mah nuts. Fruit of Pycnocoma macrophylla. 
Bo'on u'pas. Upas. 
Boo'na. Phaseolus vulgaris. 
Boot, Junod's. See Junod. 
Bootia vulgaris, boot'e-ah vul-gar'is. Saponaria. 
Bootikin, boot'ik-in. Glove with partition for the 
thumb, but no separate spaces for fingers; made of 
oiled silk and used in gout. 
Boracic acid, bor-as'ik as'id. Boric acid. 
Bo'rage. Borago officinalis. 
Borago (bor-ah'go) officina'lis. Borage, burrage. 
Leaves and flowers are emollient, aperient, diuretic, 
and demulcent. 
Bo'ras na'tricus. Sodium borate. B. so'dicus, 
sodium borate. B. superso'dicus, borax. 
Bo'rate. Salt of boric acid. 
Borated, bo'ra-ted. Containing borax or boric acid. 
Borathron, bo'rath-ron. Juniperus sabina. 
Bo'rax. Sodii boras, Ph. U. S. Subborate, biborate, 
or subprotoborate of sodium or of soda, borate of so- 
dium or of soda. Inodorous salt, cool somewhat al- 
kaline taste; soluble in twelve parts of water. Borax 
is used as a lotion in aphthse and other oral affections, 
and in affections of mucous membranes. B. hon'ey, 
mel boracis. 
Borbonia ruscifolia, bor-bon'e-ah rus-se-fo'le-ah 
(after Gaston de Bourbon, son of Henry IV. of 
France). S. African shrub, used in asthma and 
hydrothorax, and in decoction as a diuretic. 
Borborus, bor'bor-us. Fecal matter. 
Borborygmus, bor-bor-ig'mus (borboruso, to make a 
dull noise). Noise made by flatus in the intesjines. 
154 
BOTHRIOCEPHALUS 
Bor'derland cases. Cases of mental disorder or 
eccentricity approaching the grade of positive insan- 
ity, but not definitely regarded as insane. 
Bore'tree. Sambucus. 
Boric (bo'rik) or Boracic acid, bo-ras'ik as'id. 
H3BO3. Acidum boricum (Ph. U. S.). White crystal- 
line soluble substance, made by action of chlorohydric 
acid on sodium borate. Antiseptic, used externally 
in diseases of the skin and in collyria, gargles, etc. 
Eecently a compound has been prepared of borax, 
boric acid, and water, from which crystals are formed, 
which is antiseptic and used in surgery as preferable 
to boric acid. 
Borium, bo're-um. Boron. 
Borkhausenia cava, bork-how-sen'e-ahkav'ah (after 
Borkhausen, German botanist). Fumaria bulbosa. 
Born. Brought forth from the womb. It has been 
decided by English judges that 'to be born alive,' 
means, that acts of life must have been manifested 
after the whole body has been extruded, and that 
respiration in transitu is not evidence that a child was 
born alive; hence respiration may be a sign of life, 
but not of live birth. 
Borneo camphor, bor'ne-o kam'for. Borneol; solid 
substance obtained from Dryobalanops aromatica. 
Bor'neol. Borneo camphor. 
Boroci'trate of caf'fein. Used hypodermatically, 
being very soluble and non-irritating and antiseptic. 
Borofuchsin, bo-ro-fu'sin. Stain for bacilli tuber- 
culosis, being a solution in alcohol of fuchsin and 
boric acid, equal parts. 
Boroglyceride, bo-ro-glis'er-ide. Combination of 
glycerin with boric acid, having antiseptic properties; 
employed especially in affections of the eye; borate 
of glyceryl. 
Bo'ron. Simple substance, obtained by treating po- 
tassium with boracic acid; dark, olive-colored powder, 
devoid of taste and smell; heated in air or in oxygen, 
it is converted into boric acid. 
Borosalicylic acid, bo-ro-sal-is-il'ik as'id. Eesult 
of addition of solution of boric acid to alcoholic solu- 
tion of salicylic acid. White powder, antiseptic. Boro- 
salicylate of sodium is the chief salt of this acid. 
Borrago, bor-ra'go. Borago officinalis. 
Borras. Black vomit. 
Bo'rum. Boron. 
Borve'ria emet'ica. Brazilian plant; root emetic. 
Boschesjesmansthee. Methystophyllum glaucum. 
Bosom, boo'zum. Breast; mamma. 
Boss. Prominence, as of bone. 
Bossa, bos'sah. Plague token. 
Bosselated, bos'sel-a-ted. Having bosses or prom- 
inences. 
Bos'ton i'ris. Iris Virginica. 
Boswellia (boz-wel'le-ah, after Dr. John Boswell, 
of Edinburgh) Carte'rii, African tree, source of oliba- 
num. B. floribun'da, see Juniperus lycia. B. Fre- 
rea'na, African tree, yielding elemi. B. papyrif'era, 
see Juniperus lycia. B. serra'ta, see Juniperus lycia. 
B. thurif'era, see Juniperus lycia. 
Bot {botus, intestinal worm). Thread-worm, Oxyuris 
vermicularis. Also larva of fly of genus CEstrus, car- 
ried into the human stomach and hatched there. 
Botal', canal' or duct of. Ductus arteriosus. B. 
fora'men, F. of Galen or of Botal, opening in foetal 
heart between the two auricles, through which blood 
passes from one to the other; named after Leonard 
Botallus, Botal, or Botalli, who wrote in 1562. It was 
spoken of, however, by Vesalius, and even by Galen. 
B., lig'ament of, vestige of ductus arteriosus. 
Botan'. Paeonia montan. 
Botane, bot'an-e. Herb. 
Botan'ical doc'tor. Herb-doctor. 
Bot'any Bay gum. Xanthorrhoea resin. B.B.ki'no, 
Australian kino. B., medical, knowledge of proper- 
ties, characters, etc., of vegetables used in medicine. 
Botch. Swelling of the skin; phlegmon. 
Bothriocephalus (both-re-o-sef'al-us) or B. la'tus 
(bothrion, small pit, kephale, bead). Broad tapeworm, 
genus Taeniadeae; common in Switzerland, Eussia, and 
some parts of France. It inhabits the intestines of BOTHRION 
man, and extends to enormous length, sometimes 60 
yards or more. Other varieties inhabit the intestines, 
as Bothriocephalus cordatus, only about a foot long ; B. 
cristatus and B. liguloides, ribbon-like worm; B. trop- 
icus, variety found in those resident in Guinea. See 
Parasites and Worms. 
Bothrion (both're-on) or Both'rium. Alveolus, or 
small fossa; small deep ulcer on the cornea. 
Both'rus. Fovea; pit; depression. 
Botlum, bo'she-um. Bronchocele; vicarious men- 
struation. 
Bo'tou. Pareira brava. 
Bo-tree. Ficus religiosa. 
Botrioceph'alus, bot-re-o-sef'al-us. Bothrioceph- 
alus. 
Botrophis serpentaria, bot'ro-fis ser-pen-tah're-ah. 
Acteea racemosa. 
Botrychium, bot-rik'e-um (botrus, cluster of grapes). 
Moonwort, once used as vulnerary; root is astringent. 
Botryoid, bot're-oid (botrus, bunch of grapes). Like 
a bunch of grapes, as in syphilitic gummata of the 
liver. 
Botryomyces, bot-re-om'is-ees (botrus, bunch of 
grapes, mukes, fungus). Micrococcus of horses, M. 
botryogenus, giving rise to small multiple fibromatous 
tumors in the lungs, subcutaneous tissue, and within 
muscular structures. The condition is called Botryo- 
myco'sis. 
Botryophy'ma (botrus, phuma, growth). Vascular 
fungous growth on the skin. 
Botryopsis (bot-re-op'sis) platyphyl'la. Chondo- 
dendron tomentosum. 
Botryosteophyte, bot-re-os'te-o-fite (botrus, cluster 
of grapes, osteon, bone, phuton, growth). Bony growth- 
osteophyte-having appearance of a bunch of grapes. 
Botrys, bot'ris (botrus, grape, cluster of grapes). 
Chenopodium botrys; see Vitis vinifera. B. ambro- 
sioi'des, Chenopodium ambrosioides. B. America'na, 
Chenopodium ambrosioides. B. anthelmin'tica, Chen- 
opodium anthelminticum. B. Mexica'na, Chenopo- 
dium ambrosioides. 
Botrytis Bassiana, bot-rit'is bas-se-an'ah. Para- 
sitic funguous formation, causing silkworm disease 
or muscardine. 
Bots. Disease of cattle, horses, and sheep, attended 
with colic, spasms, etc. 
Bbttcher's test. See Boettcher. 
Bot'tle nose. Gutta rosea. 
Bottry-tree, bot'tre-tre. Sambucus. 
Botts. Bots. 
Botuliform, bot'u-le-form (botulus, sausage). Hav- 
ing form of sausage. 
Botulinic acid, bot-u-lin'ik as'id. Acid detected in 
sausage poisoning; see Botulism. 
Botulism, bot'u-lizm. Sausage or meat poisoning; 
form of ptomaine poisoning caused by introduction 
into the system of such products of decomposition. 
Bou. In composition; see Bu. 
Boubon, boo'bon (groin). Bubo. 
Boucen'na. Albizzia anthelmintica. 
Bouchard's nodosities, boo'shar's no-dos'it-ees. 
Knotty or hardened finger-joints, associated by Bou- 
chard with gastric dilatation. 
Boucnemia (book-na'me-ah) or Bucne'mia. Ele- 
phantiasis Arabum. 
Bouda, boo'dah. Disease of dissolute Abyssinian 
women, characterized by severe cataleptic paroxysms. 
Boudin's law. That malarial poison and tubercu- 
losis are antagonistic. 
Bouffe, boof. Eructation. 
Bougie, boo-zhe' (F., candle). Flexible cylinder, 
variable in size, to be introduced into the urethra, 
oesophagus, rectum, etc., to dilate these canals when 
contracted. Bougies are composed of solid and insolu- 
blesubstances, as plaster, wax, steel, German silver, elas- 
tic gum, gutta-percha, catgut, etc. They act, of course, 
only mechanically. Soluble bougies have been em- 
ployed in gonorrhoea, gleet, etc. B., armed, B. having 
some caustic attached to its extremity; caustic or cor- 
rosive bougie. B. a boule (F.), bulbous bougie for 
ascertaining if a stricture exists in the urethra. B., 
155 
> BOWMAN'S CAPSULE 
bul'bous, bougie a boule. B., caus'tic, B., armed. 
B., fil'iform, delicate, almost thread-like bougie. B., 
med'icated, has an addition of some escharotic or 
other substance to destroy the obstacle, as in the 
caustic bougie, which has a small portion of lunar 
caustic or common caustic inserted in its extremity. 
B., uterine, uterine sound. 
Bouhon. Name given to malarial disease like 
dengue in the Sandwich Islands. 
Bouillaud's (boo'yo's) disease. Endocarditis, his- 
tory of which was exhaustively given by Bouillaud of 
Hopital la Charite, Paris. 
Bouillon, boo'yon (F., bouillir, to boil). Broth; liquid 
food, made by boiling flesh of animals in water. 
Osmazome, gelatin, and soluble salts dissolve; fat 
melts, and albumin coagulates. It is nourishing, 
owing to the gelatin and ozmazome. It is used as a 
nutritive material in culture of bacteria, etc. 
Boulesis, boo-la'sis (ftontomai, to will). Will; volun- 
tas. 
Boulimia (boo-lim'e-ah) ot Bulim'ia (bous, ox, or bou, 
augmentative particle, limos, hunger). Almost in- 
satiable hunger; canine appetite, sometimes seen in 
hysteria and pregnancy. 
Bouncing (bown'sing) bet. Saponaria. 
Boun'dou. Ordeal poison; akasga. 
Bouquet, boo-kay'. Elavor of old wine. B. fe'ver, 
dengue. 
Bourane. Arrow-poison from Erythrophloeum 
Guineense. 
Bourdonnement (F.). Buzzing sound; murmur 
caused by fibrillar muscular contraction, heard on 
auscultation of any region. 
Bourtree, bore'tree. Sambucus nigra. 
Bousse'na. Musenna. 
Bouton, boo-ton (F.). Bud; used vaguely for pap- 
ule, vesicle, and pustule. B. d'Alep, Aleppo evil, A. 
Pustule and Ulcer, A. Button. Cutaneous affection in 
the Levant, to which children are liable ; character- 
ized by tubercles on the face or limbs, which soften 
and become covered with a scar. Ulcerations formed 
are long in healing, and, generally, leave a scar. It 
is usually left to itself; but is said to be benefited by 
crucial incisions into the tubercle prior to period of 
softening. The disease appears to be anthracoid in its 
character. Biskra button appears to have numerous 
analogies with bouton d'Alep. 
Boutonniere, boo - ton - ne - air' ([F.] buttonhole). 
Long incision made into the urethra to extract cal- 
culus from the canal when too large to be discharged. 
Also a small incision in the peritoneum or above the 
pubis, to penetrate the bladder in retention of urine. 
Bouvardia angustifolia, boo-var'de-ah an-gus-te- 
fo'le-ah. Used in Mexico in rabies. B. hirtel'la, B. 
Jacqui'ni, and B. triphyl'la are credited with similar 
properties. 
Bovachevo. Datura sanguinea. 
Bovillse, bo-vil'le. Eubeola. 
Bovina fames, bo-ve'nah fam'es (bovinus, pertaining 
to oxen, fames, hunger). Boulimia. 
Bo'vine vizrus. Vaccine matter from cow or calf. 
Bovista, bo-vis'tah. Lycoperdon. 
Bow, bo. Bending, as of the legs outward, bow-leg. 
Bowdich'ia or Bowditch'ia. S. American plant, 
source of Alcornoque bark; latter is astringent and 
emetic. 
Bow'el. Intestine. B. complaint'', looseness of the 
bowels, especially in young children in the warm 
season. B., low'er, rectum. 
Bow'els, con'stipated. See Constipation. B.,loosez- 
ness of, see Diarrhoea. 
Bow'knee. Genu valgum. 
Bowleg, bo'leg. See Cnemoscoliosis and Bow. 
Bow'man's cap'sule. See Kidney. B.'s disks, see 
Sarcous elements. B.'s glands, long follicles, either 
flask-shaped or with projections and twistings of 
their blind extremities, more clearly seen on the peri- 
osteum of the nasal septum of lower animals. B.'s 
mem'brane, layer of connective tissue below corneal 
portion of conjunctiva. B.'s operation, operation for 
thick opacity after cataract, in which two shouldered BOXBERRY 
or stop needles are introduced at opposite sides of the 
cornea, one fixing the membrane, the other effecting 
laceration. B.'s probe, probe for examination and 
dilatation of minute canalsand nasal duct. B.'s root, 
Euphorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata, Leptandria 
purpurea.. 
Boxberry, boks'ber-re. Gaultheria. B., mountain, 
Arbutus uva ursi. B. tree, Buxus, Cornus florida. 
B. wood, Cornus florida. 
Boyer's bur'sa or cyst. Bursa between hyoid 
bone and thyro-hyoid membrane; called also sub- 
hyoid cyst. 
Boyle's fu'ming liq'uor. Ammonium sulphide in 
solution. 
Boze'man's su'ture. Suture used in operation for 
vesico-vaginal fistula; a metal or button suture, oval 
and perforated for passage of silver wires. 
Brabylon, brab'il-on. Prunum Damascenum. 
Bracheriolum (brak-er-e'ol-um) or Bracherium, 
brak-a're-um. Truss. 
Brachia (arms) copulativa, brak'e-ah kop-u-lat- 
e'vah. See Peduncles of cerebellum. B. of op'tic 
lobes, see Brachium anterius and B. posterius. B. 
pon/tis, see Peduncles of cerebellum. 
Brachlseus, brak-e-e'us. Brachial. B. intern'us, 
Brachialis anterior. 
Brachial, brak'e-al {brachium, arm). Belonging to 
the arm. B. aponeuro'sis, aponeurosis formed par- 
ticularly by expansions of tendons of latissimus dorsi, 
pectoralis major, and deltoid muscles, completely en- 
veloping the muscles of the arm. B. arch, arch of 
brachial fascia at posterior border of axilla. B. ar'- 
tery, humeral artery, extends from axilla to bend of 
elbow, where it divides into cubital or ulnar and ra- 
dial arteries. It passes along the internal edge of the 
biceps, behind the median nerve, and between accom- 
panying veins. B. fas'cia, fascia of the arm. B. 
glands, lymphatic glands in vicinity of elbow-joint. 
B. lig'ament, ligament from greater tuberosity of hu- 
merus to point of insertion of coraco-brachialis muscle. 
B. mus'cle, ante'rior, situate at anterior and inferior 
part of arm, and below elbow-joint; arises, fleshy, 
from middle of the os humeri, and is inserted into 
coronoid process of the ulna; it bends the forearm. 
B. plex'us, nervous plexus, formed by interlacing of 
anterior branches of last four cervical pairs and first 
dorsal; deeply seated in hollow of the axilla, extend- 
ing as far as the inferior and lateral part of the neck. 
It gives off thoracic, suprascapular and infrascapular, 
brachial (six in number), axillary, cutaneous, muscu- 
10- radial, cubital, and median nerves. B. 
veins, two in number, accompany the artery, fre- 
quently anastomosing with each other, and termi- 
nating in the axillary veins. 
Brachiale, brak-e-al'e (bracelet). Carpus. 
Brachialgia (brak-e-al'je-ah) or Brachyal'gia 
{brachio, algos, pain). Pain in the arm; neuralgia 
of the arm. 
Brachialis, brak-e-al'lis. Brachial. B. accesso'- 
rius, accessory muscle to B. anticus. B. anti'cus, 
brachial muscle. B. exter'nus, see Triceps extensor 
cubiti. B. inter'nus, brachial muscle. B. posti'cus, 
triceps brachii. 
Brachierium (brak-e-a're-um) or Brachile, brak'- 
11- Truss. 
Brachiluvium, brak-e-lu've-um {brachio, luo, to 
wash). Arm bath. 
Brachinin, brak' in-in. Extract of Brachinus crepi- 
tans, the bombardier, used in rheumatism. 
Brachio, brak'e-o. In composition, brachium or arm. 
Brach'io-abdomina'lis. Occasional separate mus- 
cle, usually part of pectoralis major. 
Brach'io-capsula'ris. Rare muscle, passing from 
shaft of humerus to capsular ligament of shoulder. 
Brachio-cephal'ic. Relating to arm and head. 
B.-c. ar'tery, innominate artery. B.-c. veins, in- 
nominate veins. 
Brachio-cubital, brak'e-o-ku'bit-al. Belonging to 
arm and forearm, as Brachio-cubital ligament, internal 
lateral ligament of elbow-joint, because attached to 
os brachii or humerus and to cubitus or ulna. 
156 
i BRACHYPOTI 
Brachio-cyllosis, brak'e-o-sil-lo'sis (brachio, kullosis, 
act of making crooked). Curvature of the arm in- 
ward, sometimes causing paralysis. 
Brachio-fascialis, brak'e-o-fas-se-al'is. Slip from 
brachialis anticus muscle inserted into fascia of biceps. 
Brachiometer, brak-e-om'et-ur. Instrument for 
measuring dimensions of the arm. 
Brachion, brak'e-on. Brachium. 
Brachioncus, brak-e-on'kus (brachio, orikos, swelling). 
Tumor or swelling of the arm. 
Brachio-radial, brak'e-o-ra'de-al. Belonging to 
the humerus and radius; name applied to external 
lateral ligament of elbow-joint, because attached to 
the brachium or humerus and radius. The brachio- 
radial fascicle is a small slip from the brachialis anti- 
cus inserted on the radius. 
Brachio-radialis (brak'e-o-rad-e-al'is) mus'cle. Su- 
pinator radii longus; also third head of biceps muscle 
of arm. 
Brachiorrheuma, brak-e-or-rhu'mah (brachio, rheu- 
ma, defluxion, rheumatism). Rheumatism of the arm. 
Brachiostrophosis, brak'e-o-strof-o-sis (brachio, 
strepho, to twist). Injury of arm by twisting. 
Brachiotomy, brak-e-ot'o-me (brachio, tome, incision). 
Amputation of the arm; dissection of the arm. 
Brachirolum, brak-ir'o-lum. Truss. 
Brachistocephalus, brak-is-to-sef'al-us (brachus, 
short, kephale, head). Having a short head. 
Brachium (brak'e-um) or Brachion, brak'e-on. Arm 
from shoulder to wrist, or part between shoulder and 
elbow; see Humerus. B. ante'rius, rounded process 
passing from anterior pair of corpora quadrigemina 
(nates') obliquely outward into thalamus opticus. B. 
cerebel'li, restiform body; peduncle of cerebellum. 
B. cer'ebri, B. anterius, B. posterius. B. copula'ti- 
vum, superior peduncle of cerebellum. B. for'nicis, 
pillar of fornix. B. mo'vens quar'tus, latissimus 
dorsi. B. of op'tic lobes, B. anterius, B. posterius. 
B. pon'tis, middle peduncle of cerebellum. B. poste'- 
rius, rounded process passing from posterior pair of 
corpora quadrigemina (testes) obliquely outward into 
optic thalamus. 
Brachu'na. Nymphomania, satyriasis. 
Brachy, brak'e (brachus, short). In composition, 
short. 
Brachyauchen, brak' e - aw - ken (brachy, auchen, 
neck). Short neck, or one so constituted. 
Brachycardia, brak-e-kar'de-ah. Bradycardia. 
Brachycephalse (brak-e-sef'al-e) (brachy, kephale, 
head) gen'tes (people). People with short heads. 
Nations whose cerebral lobes do not completely cover 
the cerebellum; having brachycephalic skulls, breadth 
being out of proper proportion to length. The con- 
dition is called Brachycepha'lia or Brachyceph' alism. 
Brachycephalic, brak-e-sef-al'ik. Having short 
head. 
Brachychelia, brak-e-ka'le-ah (brachy, cheilos, lip). 
Unusual shortness of lip or lips. 
Brachychronlc, brak-e-kron'ik (brachy, chronos, 
time). Continuing but a short time, acute. 
Brachydactylous, brak-e-dak'til-us (brachy, daktulos, 
finger). Having short fingers or toes. 
Brachyfacial, brak-e-fa'-she-al (brachy, facies, face). 
Having short face. 
Brachyglossia, brak-e-glos'se-ah (brachy, glossa, 
tongue). Shortness of tongue. 
Brachygnathus, brak-e-nath'us (brachy, gnathos, 
under jaw). Shortness of under jaw. 
Brachymetropia, brak-e-met-ro'pe-ah (brachy, me- 
tron, measure, ops, eye). Myopia. 
Brachyno'sis or Brachynsis, brak-in'sis (brachuno, 
to shorten). Unusual shortness; abbreviation. 
Brachyotous, brak-e-o'tus (brachy, ous, ear). Hav- 
ing short ears. 
Brachypneuma (brak-e-nu'mah) or Brachypnoea, 
brak-e-ne'ah (brachy, pneuma, breath). Shortness of 
breath; dyspnoea. 
Brachypodous, brak-ip'o-dus (brachy, pous, foot). 
Having unusually short foot or feet. 
Brachypoti, brak-ip'o-te fbrachy, potes, drinker). 
They who drink little or who drink rarely. BRACHYRRHYNCHUS 
Brachyrrhynchus, brak-ir-rhin'kus (brachy, ranchos, 
snout). Shortness of nose. Such an animal is said 
to be Brachyr'rhinous. 
Brachysmus, brak-iz'mus. Abbreviation, short- 
ening. 
Brachystocephalae, brak-is-to-sef'al-e (brachistos, 
very short, kephale, head). Extremely short, broad 
skulls; having cephalic index of 86° or over. 
Brachys'tomus (brachy, stoma, mouth). Having 
short mouth. 
Bracing, bra'sing. Corroborant. 
Bracken, brak'en. Ptaris aquilina. B., rock, Poly- 
podium, P. incanum. B. root, Polypodium vulgare. 
Bradaesthesia or Brady aesthesia, brah-dees-tha'- 
ze-ah (brady, aisthesis, sensation). Impaired sensation. 
Brady, brah'de (bradus, difficult, tardy). lu com- 
position, difficult, tardy. 
Bradyarthria, brah-de-arth're-ah (brady, arthron, 
articulation). Slowness of articulation; bradylalia. 
Bradybolismus, brah-de-bo-liz'mus (brady, ballo, to 
throw). Bradyspermatism. 
Bradycardia, brah-de-car'de-ah (brady, kardia, 
heart). Slow action of the heart. 
Bradycau'ma or Bradycau'sis (brady, kauo, to 
burn). Slow combustion. 
Bradycaute'rium. Slow caustic action, as that of 
a moxa. 
Bradycrote, brah'de-krote (brady, kroteo, to strike). 
Agent that diminishes number of pulsations of the 
heart, as veratrum viride. 
Bradyecoia, brah-de-ek-oi'ah (brady, akoe, hearing) 
Deafness; dulness of hearing. 
Bradyfibrin, brah-de-fi'brin. See Corium phlogisti- 
cum. 
Bradyglossia, brah - de - gios' se - ah (brady, glossa, 
tongue). Slowness of speech. 
Bradylalia, brah-de-lal'e-ah (brady, lalia, speech). 
Slowness of expression of language. 
Bradylogia, brah-de-loj'e-ah (brady, logos, discourse). 
Difficulty or slowness of speech; bradylalia. 
Bradymasesis, brah-de-mas-a'sis (brady, masesis, 
mastication). Difficult or slow mastication. See 
Dysmasesis. 
Bradyno'sos (brady, nosos, disease). Chronic dis- 
ease. 
Bradypepsia, brah-de-pep'se-ah (brady, pepto, to 
digest). Slow digestion; dyspepsia. 
Bradyphasia, brah-de-fas'e-ah (brady, phasis, 
speech). Bradylogia. 
Bradyphra'sia (brady, phrasis, speech). Labored 
speech. 
Bradypncea, brad-e-ne'ah (brady, pneo, to breathe). 
Slow or difficult breathing. 
Bradyspermatism, brah-de-spurm'at-izm (brady, 
sperma, sperm). Slow emission of sperm. 
Bradysuria (brah-de-su're-ah) or Bradyu'ria (brady, 
our on, urine). Slow evacuation of urine; dysuria. 
Bradytocia, brah-de-to'se-ah (brady, tokos, birth). 
Slow and difficult parturition. 
Braid'ism. Animal magnetism; hypnotism. 
Brain. Cerebrum. Encephalon. B., abdom'inal, 
solar plexus; see Wrisberg. B., af'ter, metencepha- 
lon. B., chemistry of, see Cerebrum. B., compres'- 
sion of, see Compression. B., concussion of, see Con- 
cussion. B. fag, see Nervous diathesis. B. fe'ver, fever, 
cerebral; phrenitis, meningitis. B., fore, prosen- 
cephalon. B., great, cerebrum. B., hind, epen- 
cephalon. B., lit'tle, cerebellum. B., mid, mesen- 
cephalon. B. mur'mur, systolic murmur heard in 
rickets in auscultation over the anterior fontanelle or 
in the temporal region. B. pan, cranium. B., pet'- 
riiied, see Exostosis. B., railway, neurosis peculiar 
to railroad employees, consisting of disturbance of 
sensations and perceptions, insomnia, anaesthesia, pa- 
resis, etc. B. sand, acervulus cerebri; gritty matter 
in pineal gland; see Pineal gland. B., sclero'sis of, 
see Sclerosis. B., soft'ening of, mollities cerebri. B. 
stem, cerebellum and transverse fibres of pons Varolii. 
Brake, com'mon. Pteris aquilina. B. rock, Poly- 
podium incanum, Polypodium vulgare. B. root, 
Polypodium vulgare. 
157 
BRASSICA 
Bram'ble, American hair'y. See Rubus fruticosus. 
B. ber'ries, see Rubus fruticosus. B., com'mon, Rubus 
fruticosus. 
Bran. Furfur; external layer of wheat, separated 
from flour by bolting. See Bath, bran. 
Branca Germanica, bran'kah ger - man' ik - ah. 
Heracleum spondylium. B. Leo'nis, Alchemilla vul- 
garis. B. lupi'na, Leonurus cardiaca. B. ur'si or 
ursi'na, Acanthus mollis. B. ve'ra, Acanthus mollis. 
Branch. Division of an artery or nerve; used syn- 
onymously with ramus. Often it signifies the great 
division, while ramus denotes a branch or division, 
and ramusculus a minute branch. 
Branch!, bran'ke. Swelling of tonsils or parotid, 
or of thyroid gland. 
Branchia (bran'ke-ah) or Branchiae, brank'e-e. Gills 
of respiratory organs of fishes, consisting of mucous 
membrane to which blood is liberally supplied. 
Branchial, bran'ke-al. Relating to branchia. B, 
arch'es, visceral arches ; tissue separating contiguous 
branchial clefts. B. clefts or fls'sures, clefts from 
pharynx to outside in development of lower animal 
life than man. B. cyst, remnant of branchial arches. 
B. fis'tula, fistula between pharynx or larynx and 
exterior of neck. 
Branchiostoma, bran-ke-os'to-mah (branchia, stoma, 
mouth). Opening of branchiae or gills. 
Branchus, bran'kus. Catarrhal affection of mucous 
membrane of fauces, trachea, etc.; hoarseness. 
Brand, bran'se. Cynanche tonsillaris. 
Brancia, bran'se-ah. Vitrum. 
Brand's meth'od. Antipyretic treatment, as of 
typhoid fever, etc., by use of cold-water bath. See 
Antipyretics and Bath. 
Brandy, bran'de. Spiritus vini Gallici (Ph. U. S. 
and Br.), spirit of French wine; first liquid product 
obtained by distilling wine; sp. gr. 0.925 to 0.941; 
composed of water, alcohol, and aromatic oily mat- 
ter, which gives it its flavor. It ought to contain from 
46 to 55 per cent, of alcohol by volume. Brandy is a 
powerful and diffusible stimulant; see Spirit. B., 
ap'ple, see Pyrus malus. B. bot'tles, see Nymphiea 
lutea. B. egg, see Ovum. B. face, acne rosacea. B. 
nose, acne rosacea. 
Brankursine, brank-ur'seen. Acanthus mollis. 
Branny tetter, bran'ne tet'ur, Pityriasis. 
Brasdor's operation, braz'dor's op-ur-a'shun. 
Operation proposed by Brasdor, consisting in appli- 
cation of ligature on distal side of an aneurismal 
tumor. 
Brasenia, bra-se'ne-ah. B. hydropeltis. B. hydro- 
pel'tis, Frog-leaf, Little Water Lily, Water jelly, W. 
shield, or W. target, Deer food. Indigenous plant, nat. 
ord. Ranunculaceae, of Southern United States, cover- 
ing surface of ponds, marshes, etc.; fresh leaves, muci- 
laginous, have been used in pulmonary complaints, 
dysentery, etc., like cetraria. B. pelta'ta, B. hydro- 
peltis. 
Brash. Transient attack of sickness. Disordered 
digestion, rash or eruption. B., wa'ter, pyrosis. B., 
wean'ing, severe form of diarrhoea, supervening at 
times on weaning. 
Bras'ium. Malt. 
Brasmos, braz'mos. Fermentation. 
Brass-founder's ague, bras-fown'durz a'gue. See 
Ague. B.-work'er's disease, see Ague. 
Brassica, bras'se-kah. Cabbage, ord. Cruciferse. 
Vegetable more digestible when raw; when in a solid, 
globular mass, like a head, it is B. capitata. B. al'ba, 
Sinapis alba. B. campes'tris, wild navet; cultivated 
turnip. B. cani'na, Mercurialis perennis. B. capi- 
ta'ta, brassica. B. cu'mana, brassica. B. eru'ca, 
garden rocket, Roman rocket, shinlock; considered 
by Romans aphrodisiac. B. flor'Ida, cauliflower, 
more tender and digestible variety. Broccoli, Bras- 
sica sabellica, B. Italica, belongs to this variety. B. 
his'pida, B. eruca. B. Ital'ica, B. florida. B. jun'- 
cea, Indian mustard. B. mari'na, Convolvulus 
soldanella. B. na'pus, rape; seed yields, on expres- 
sion, oil which, at times, forms part of liniments. 
B. ni'gra, Sinapis nigra. B. oblon'ga, B. rapa. B. BRATHU 
olera'cea, brassica. B. Pompeia'na, B. florida. B. 
ra'pa, turnip; liable to same objection, but to less 
extent, as cabbage. B. sabel'lica, B. florida. B. 
sati'va, brassica. B. sinapis'trum, charlock ; resem- 
bles black mustard. 
Bra'thu. Juniperus sabina. 
Braune's canal. Canal or open space made during 
labor by the vagina and cavity of uterus in unison 
during passage of the foetus. 
Braw'lins. Arbutus uva ursi, Vaccinium vitis idsea. 
Brawn. Muscle. 
Brawny induration, braw'ne in-du-ra'shun. Hard- 
ening of muscular and other tissues. 
Braxy, braks'e. Fatal disease of sheep, especially 
anthrax or carbuncular fever. 
Brayera anthelmintica, bray-a'rah anth-el-min'- 
tik-ah (after Brayer, German physician). See Hage- 
nia Abyssinica and Koussein. 
Bray'erin. Resinous principle from brayera; kosin. 
Brazil7 nut. Nut of Bertholettia excelsa. B. wood, 
Caesalpina echinata. 
Bread, bred. See Triticum. B. crumb, mica panis. 
B., glu'ten, bread made of wheat dough deprived of 
chief portion of its starch by washing. Bread made 
of gluten only cannot be eaten, being too hard and 
tough; hence one-fifth of normal quantity of starch 
is allowed to remain. B., In'dian, Lycoperdon tuber. 
B., mon'key, Adansonia digitata. B. paste, medium 
for culture of bacteria, a paste of stale coarse bread. 
B. root, Camassia esculenta, Psoralea esculenta. B., 
St. John's, Ceratonia siliqua. 
Breadberry, bred'ber-re. Pap. 
Bread'fruit tree. Atocarpus. 
Break'bone fe'ver. Dengue. 
Breast, brest. Thorax, mamma. B., ab'scess of, 
bro'ken, or gath'ered, mastodynia apostemotosa. B. 
bone, sternum. B. glass, milk-glass. Glass applied to 
the nipple to receive milk when secreted copiously 
by the mamma. B., hysterical, tender and swollen 
condition of mammary gland in hysterical girls. B., 
ir'ritable, neuralgia of the breast; induration and 
tenderness of mammary gland. B. pang or suf'foca- 
tive, angina pectoris. B., pig'eon, see Lordosis. B. 
pump, antlia lactea. B. weed, Saururus cernuus. 
Breast'ings. Colostrum. 
Breath, breth. Air expelled from the chest at each 
expiration; see Respiration. Offensive breath is usually 
dependent upon carious teeth or faulty state of the 
secretions of the air-passages or disordered stomach. 
B. pulse, audible pulsation given to the breath, as it 
issues from the mouth, by each beat of the heart; oc- 
casionally heard in dry tuberculous cavities with dense 
walls not separated from the heart by permeable 
lung-tissue. B., sat'urnine, see Saturnine. B., short, 
dyspnoea. 
Breathing, abdom'inal. Form of breathing effected 
principally by the diaphragm. B. air, air of res- 
piration ; see Respiration. B. capa'city, amount of air 
that can be expelled from the lungs at forcible in- 
spiration. B., difficulty of, dyspnoea. B. sus'pirous, 
sighing; see Suspirium. B. a vein, see Bloodletting. 
Brechma (brek'mah) or Brechmus, brek'mus. 
Bregma. 
Breech. Nates. B. presentation, appearance of 
breech of child as presenting part in parturition. 
Breed. Race. 
Breed'ing. Generation. Pregnant. B., cross, act 
of raising or breeding from different stocks or families. 
B., in-and-in, act of raising or breeding from same 
stock or family. 
Breg'enin. Crystalline substance in brain-tissue. 
Bregma, breg'mah (brecho, to moisten). Anterior 
fontanelle,. or top of head, because believed to be 
humid in infants, and to correspond to most humid 
part, of brain; point of union of sagittal and coronal 
sutures; anterior fontanelle. 
Bregmatic, breg-mat'ic. Relating to bregma or 
anterior fontanelle. B. bones, parietal bones. B. 
fon'tanelle, anterior fontanelle. 
Bregmato-anterior presentation, breg'ma-to-an-te'- 
ri-or pres-en-ta'shun. Head of foetus with anterior fon- 
158 
BRIGHT'S DISEASE 
tanelle toward the obturator foramen of the mother. 
When it is toward the acetabulum of the mother, it is 
called bregmato-cotyloid presentation; when toward 
the sacro-iliac articulation of the mother, bregmato- 
posterior presentation. 
Bregmato-cotyloid, breg'ma-to-kot'el-oid. See Breg- 
mato-anterior. 
Bregmatodymia, breg-ma-to-dim'e-ah (bregma, duo, 
to enter into). See Cephalodymia. 
Bregmato-lambdoid (breg'mat-o-lam'doid) arc. Arc 
measured on skull from bregma to point of junction 
of sagittal and lambdoid sutures. 
Bregmato-posterior, breg'ma-to-pos-te'ri-or. See 
Bregmato-anterior. 
Brephocacocolpia, bref-o-kak-o-kol'pe-ah (brephos, 
child,* kakos, bad, kolpos, vulva). Gangrene of the vulva 
in young children. 
Brephoctonon, bref-ok'ton-on (brephos, child, kteino, 
to kill). Coryza squarrosa. 
Brephopityrlasis, bref - o - pit - e - re' as - is (brephos, 
child). Pityriasis of young children. 
Brephopolysarcia, bref-o-pol-e-sar'ke-ah (brephos, 
child, poly, much, sarx, flesh). Fleshiness of young 
children. 
Brephos, bref'os. Infant; hence Breph'icus, re- 
lating to the infant or foetus. 
Brephotropheum, bref-o-tro-fe'um (brephos, new- 
born child, trepho, to nourish). Foundling hospital. 
Brephulcus, bref-ul'kus (brephos, child, helko, to 
draw upon). Obstetric forceps. 
Brephydrocephalus, bref-id-ro-sef'al-us. Hydro- 
cephalus of infants. 
Breschet's (bres'sha's) bone'-canals' (after French 
anatomist). See Diploic. B.'s si'nus, spheno-parietal 
sinus. B.'s veins, see Diploic. 
Bres'lau test. Test to discover if the infant had 
breathed before death; the floating of the stomach and 
bowels in water, when in condition in which first 
taken from the body, showing that the child has been 
born alive. 
Brevextensor, brev-eks-ten'sor. Extensor brevis 
muscle. B. digito'rum, extensor brevis digitorum. 
Brevia vasa, brev'e-ah vas'ah (short vessels). 
Branches of splenic arteries and veins distributed to 
great cul-de-sac of stomach. 
Breviceps, brev'e-seps (brevis, short, caput, head). 
Having short head, as a muscle. 
Brevicollis, brev-e-kol'lis (brevis, collum, neck). 
Having a short neck. 
Breviductor, brev - e - duk' tor. Abductor brevis 
muscle. 
Breviflexor, brev-e-fleks'or. Flexor brevis muscle; 
short flexor, as of fingers, thumb, little finger, great 
toe. B. hallu'cis, flexor brevis pollicis pedis. B. 
min'imi, flexor brevis minimi digiti. B. pol'licis, 
flexor brevis pollicis. 
Brevis cubiti, brev'is ku'bit-e. Anconeus. B. ra'dii, 
supinator brevis. 
Brevissimus oculi, brev-is'sim-us ok'u-le. Obliquus 
inferior oculi. 
Brevisupinator, brev-e-su'pin-a-tor. Supinator radii 
brevis muscle. 
Brezilin, brez'il-in. Coloring matter contained in 
Brazil wood. 
Brick'layer's itch. Eczema impetiginoides. 
Brick-like sed'iment. See Lateritious. 
Brick'maker's anaa'mia. Form of anchylostomiasis 
of those thus engaged, due to presence of anchylos- 
tomum duodenale. 
Bridelia spinosa, brid-a'le-a spin-o'sa. Indian 
plant, bark of which is astringent and anthelmintic. 
Bridge, ju'gal. Zygomatic arch. B. of nose, arch 
formed by junction of two nasal bones at middle and 
upper part of face. 
Bri'dle. Band or membranous fold extending from 
one part to another, sometimes in such a way as to 
produce a stricture. 
Brieger's bacillus, bre'ger's ba-sil'lus. Bacillus 
cavicida. 
Bri'er, wild. Rosa canina. 
Bright's disease of the kid'ney. Name applied to BRIM OF PELVIS 
several forms of disease of the kidney in which there 
is albumen in the urine. See Kidney, Bright's disease of. 
Brim of pel'vis. Line of boundary of superior 
strait of pelvis. 
Brim'stone. Sulphur. B., flow'ers of, sublimed 
sulphur. 
Brin'ton root. Leptandria purpurea. 
Brinviliers, bran-vil'le-a. Spigelia anthelmintiea. 
Briquet's ataxy, brik-a"s at'aks-y. Hysterical loss 
of sensibility in a limb. 
Bristle (bris'l) cells. Ciliated cells at end of audi- 
tory nerve. 
Brittle (brit'l) gum. Product of Acacia albida of 
Senegambia. 
Brizoceras, briz-os'er-as. Ergot. 
Broad. Body is so termed whose transverse extent 
is considerable compared with its length. B. bones, 
frontal, parietal, occipital, and iliac bones; they 
usually aid in forming parietes of splanchnic cavities. 
B. lig'aments, suspensory ligament of liver; ligaments 
of the uterus; see Uterus and Parametritis. B. mus- 
cles, these generally occupy parietes of cavities, es- 
pecially those of the chest and abdomen. 
Broad'nail. Onychogryphosis. 
Bro'ca, an'gle of. Term applied to several angles 
of the skull, in craniometry. B., convolution of, 
left inferior frontal convolution of brain. B., vis'ual 
plane of, plane of axes of orbits. 
Broccoli, brok'kol-e. Brassica sabellica. 
Brochos, bro'kos. Bandage. 
Brochthus, brok'thus. Throat; oesophagus. 
Brochus, bro'kus. One who has very prominent 
upper lip, or whose teeth project in front of the mouth. 
Bro'die's disease. Doughy condition of knee-joint, 
obscuring points of bone. 
Brodium, bro'de-um. Broth. 
Broke'leak. Eumex hydrolapathum. 
Bro'ken breast. See Mastodynia apostematosa. B. 
cir'cuit, see Circuit. B. do'ses, see Doses. B. wind'ed, 
asthmatic. B. wind'edness, asthma. 
Broma, bro'mah (broma, food). Aliment. 
Bro'ma (bromos, stench), Bromine. 
Bro'mal. CzHBrsO. Oily liquid, chemical prop- 
erties those of chloral; made by adding bromine to 
ether or absolute alcohol. B. hy'drate, C2H3Br.3O2. 
Chemically analogous to chloral hydrate; white crys- 
talline soluble substance, with odor like that of chloral, 
and pungent taste. Physiological effects resemble 
those of chloral hydrate, but bromal is more irritat- 
ing, producing vomiting, diarrhoea, etc. Externally 
it causes erythema and deep-seated infiltration of 
areolar tissue. 
Broma'lum. Bromal. B. hydra'tum, bromal hy- 
drate. 
Bromamide, brome'am-eed. A member of the 
anilide group, largely consisting of bromine; anti- 
neuralgic and antipyretic. 
Bromammonium, brom-am-mo'ne-um. Ammonium 
bromide. 
Bromamyl, brom-am'il. See Amyl bromide. 
Bromated, bro'ma-ted. Having bromine as a con- 
stituent, as B. camphor. See Camphor, bromized. 
Bromatoeccrisis, brom-at-o-ek'kris-is (broma, food, 
ekkrisis, excretion). Lientery; discharge of unas- 
similated food. 
Bromatography (brom-at-og'raf-e) or Bromog'- 
raphy (broma, food, graphe, description). Description 
of aliments. Bromatology. 
Bromatology, brom-at-ol'o-je (broma, food, logos, 
discourse). Sitiology. Treatise on food; description 
of foods. Dietetics. 
Bromcamphor, brome-kam'for. Camphora mono- 
bromata. 
Brome'grass. Bromus ciliatus. 
Bromelia ananas, bro-mel'e-ah an-an'as (after 
Bromel, botanist of Sweden). Ananas, Pine-apple, 
Soursop; West India tree producing most delicious 
fruit. B. pin'guin, pinguin, broad-leaved wild ana- 
nas, etc.; West India plant affording pinguin fruit, 
which is refrigerant, and juice, when ripe, austere. 
Used to acidulate punch. Intoxicating wine is made 
159 
BROMOL 
from pinguin. The berries are used for scurvy and 
for worms. 
Brometh'yl. Ethyl bromide. 
Brometum ferrosum, brom-a'tum fer-ro'sum. Fer- 
rous bromide. B. kal'icum, potassium bromide. B. 
quin'icum, quinine hydrobromate. 
Bromhidrosis, brome-hid-ro'sis. Bromidrosis. 
Bromhy'dras. Hydrobromide, as B. morphicus, B. 
quinicus, etc., morphia hydrobromide, quinine hydro- 
bromide, etc. 
Bromhydrate, brome-hi'drate. Hydrobromate. 
Bromhy'dric. Hydrobromic. B. a'cid, hydro- 
bromic acid. B. e'tiler, hydrobromic ether. 
Bromic, bro'mik. Containing bromine. B. ac'id, 
hydrobromic acid. 
Bromide of ammonium, bro'mide of am-mo'ne-um. 
Ammonii bromidum. B. of cal/cium, calcii bromi- 
dum. B. of cam'phor, camphor, bromide of. B. of 
eth'yl, see Ethyl. B. of gold, see Gold. B. of i'ron, 
ferri bromidum. B. of lith'ium, lithii bromidum. 
B. of mer'cury, hydrargyri bromidum. B. of mor'- 
phia, morphia, bromide of. B. of potas'sium, potas- 
sii bromidum. B. of rhubid'ium-ammo'nium, see 
Rhubidium. B. Of so'dium, sodii bromidum. B. of 
stron'tium, see Strontium. B. of strych'nia, strych- 
nia, bromide of. B. of zinc, see Zinc. 
Bro'mides. Several of these compounds have thera- 
peutic value (see Ferri bromidum, Potassii b., Lithii b., 
Calcii b., etc.), exercising remarkable influence in al- 
laying nervous irritation. 
Bromidrosiphobia, bro-mid-ro-se-fo'be-ah (bromos, 
foetor, hidros, sweat, phobos, fear). Fear of, or illusion 
as to, unpleasant odors from surface of body. 
Bromidrosis, brom-id-ro'sis (bromos, stench, hidros, 
sweat). Fetid sweat; at times general, B. universalis; 
at others partial, B. localis. 
Bromine, bro'meen. Brominium. Simple body, s. g. 
2.99, Bromum (Ph. U. S. and Br.), very volatile; of 
highly offensive and suffocating odor, whence its 
name (bromos, stench); met with chiefly in sea-water, 
and in many animal and vegetable bodies living 
therein; also in many mineral waters. In chemical 
relations it may be placed between chlorine and iodine. 
With oxygen it forms bromic acid; with hydrogen, 
hydrobromic acid. Bromine may be dissolved in forty 
parts of distilled water, and six drops be commenced 
with as a dose. Internally, in its combination, it is 
alterative; also used externally, especially in hospital 
gangrene, either alone or dissolved in water, as anti- 
septic and caustic. B., chlo'ride of, has been pre- 
scribed internally, as well as externally, in cancer and 
malignant tumors; chiefly in caustic paste, either 
alone or with other chlorides, as of zinc, antimony, 
and gold. 
Brominium, bro-min'e-um. Bromine. 
Bromism, bro'mizm. General cachectic condition 
induced by bromine, affecting the system toxically, 
attended with drowsiness, general weakness, and 
eruptions on the skin. 
Bromium, bro'me-um. Bromine. 
Bro'mized. Affected with symptoms of full or 
excessive doses of bromides. 
Bromoform, bro'mo-form. CHBra. Liquid sub- 
stance produced by distilling mixture of calcium 
bromide and alcohol; analogue of chloroform. As an 
anaesthetic similar to chloroform in its odor, taste, 
and effects; also hypnotic. Used in whooping cough, 
and externally analgesic and antiseptic, in ozaena, 
ulcers of the larynx, etc. In large doses it is nar- 
cotic. 
Bromography, bro-mog'ra-fe. Bromatography. 
Bromohyperidrosis, brom-o-hip-ur-id-ro'sis (bromos, 
smell, hyper, excess, hidrosis, perspiration). Condi- 
tion in which there is increase in amount and offen- 
sive odor of sweat. 
Bromo-iodism, bro'mo-i'od-izm. General cachec- 
tic condition or poisoning induced by large doses of 
bromine and iodine. 
Bro'mol. White crystallized substance derived 
from precipitating weak solution of phenol with 
bromine-water. Antiseptic in solution, powder, or BROMOM ENORRHCEA 
ointment. Internally it has been used in cholera 
infantum and typhoid fever. 
Bromomenorrhcea, brom-o-men-or-rhe'ah (bromos, 
fetid, menes, menses, rheo, to flow). Excessive and 
fetid discharge of menstrual blood. 
Bro'mous. Fetid. 
Bro'mum. Bromine. 
Bromurated (bro'mu-ra-ted) or Bromuretted, bro'- 
mu-ret-ted. Containing bromine or bromide. 
Bromuretum, bro-mu-re'tum. Bromide or bromu- 
ret. B. ammo'nicum, ammonium bromide. B. cam- 
phora'tum, monobromated camphor. B. ethyl'icum, 
ethyl bromide. B. ferro'sum, ferrous bromide. B. 
potas'sicum, potassium bromide. B. so'dicum, so- 
dium bromide. B. zin'cicum, zinc bromide. 
Bro'mus. Cereal, supposed to be oats. B. cathar'- 
ticus, species growing in Peru and Chili; rhizome is 
cathartic. B. cilia'tus, bromegrass. Indigenous; order 
Graminese; emetic, anthelmintic, cathartic, diuretic. 
B. gla'ber, Triticum repens. B. imperia'lis, B. pur- 
gans. B. mol'lis, Soft bromegrass. Seeds cause giddi- 
ness in man and are fatal to poultry. B. pur'gans, 
B. ciliatus. B. temulen'tus, Lolium temulentum. 
Bronchadenes, bronk-ad'en-ees (bronchia, aden, 
gland). Bronchial glands. 
Bronchadenitis, bronk-ad-en-e'tis. Inflammation 
of bronchial glands. 
Broncharctia, bronk-ark'te-ah (bronchia, arcto, to 
contract). Bronchiostenosis. 
Broncliectasia, bronk-ek-tah'ze-ah. Bronchectasis. 
Bronchectasis, bronk-ek'tas-is (bronchia, ektasis, di- 
latation). Dilatation of bronchia. 
Bronchelchosis, bronk-el-ko'sis (bronchia, helkosis, 
ulceration. Ulceration of bronchi. 
Bronchemphraxis, bronk-em-fraks'is (bronchia, em- 
phraxis, obstruction). Obstruction of bronchi. 
Bronchi (bron'ke), Bronchia (bron'ke-ah) (pl. of 
Bronchion), Bron'chise. Two tubes, with their rami- 
fications, arising from bifurcation of the trachea, car- 
rying air into the lungs. For measurements of bron- 
chia, see Trachea. The Latins used the term Bronchus 
for the whole trachea; its ramifications, Bronchia. 
Term also applied to spongy bodies of ethmoid bone. 
B., dilata'tion of, the most common situations for di- 
lated bronchia are the scapular, mammary, and lat- 
eral regions, of one side usually at a time. 
Bronchiadenoscirrhus, bronk-e-ad-en-o-skir'rus 
(bronchia, aden, gland, skirrhos). Scirrhus of bronchial 
glands. 
Bronchiae, bron'ke-e. See Bronchi. 
Bronchial, bron'ke-al. Relating to bronchia. B. 
ar'teries, generally two in number, one going to each 
lung, arising from thoracic aorta, and accompanying 
the bronchia in all their ramifications. B. asth'ma, 
asthma with bronchial symptoms. B. breath'ing, see 
Murmur. B. cells, see Cellules, bronchic, and Pulmo. B. 
cough generally accompanies bronchial respiration, 
and indicates obstruction to entrance of air into air- 
cells. B. glands, glands of Vesalius; numerous glands 
of ovoid shape, of reddish hue in infant, and subse- 
quently brown and black, seated in course of the bron- 
chia. They may be presumed to be affected by scrof- 
ulosis when, in addition to existence of tumors in the 
neck, percussion gives dull sound under upper and cen- 
tral part of the sternum, while there is no appreciable 
lesion of the lungs. B. mus'cles, unstriped muscles of 
bronchial tubes. B. nerves, nerves furnished from 
pneumogastric. B. phthi'sis, see Phthisis, bronchial. 
B. plex'us, pulmonary plexus. B. respira'tion, see 
Murmur, respiratory. B. sep'tum, spur or ridge pro- 
j ecting upward within the trachea at point of bifur- 
cation. B. sound, sound of the air passing in and 
out the bronchia in respiration. B. tubes, see Bron- 
chi. B. veins arise from last divisions of arteries of 
same name, and pass on right side, into vena azygos ; 
on the left, into superior intercostal vein. 
Bronchiarctia, bron - ke - ark' te - ah. Bronchio- 
stenosis. 
Bronchic, bron'kik. Bronchial. 
Bronchiectasis, bron-ke-ek'tas-is (bronchia, ektasis, 
dilatation). Dilatation of bronchial tube or tubes. 
BRONCHOCACE 
Bronchiitis, bron-ke-e'tis. Bronchitis. 
Bronchio (bron'ke-o) or Broncho, bron'ko (bronchos, 
throat, windpipe). In composition, bronchia or bron- 
chus. 
Bronchiocatarrhus, bron-ke-o-kat-ar'rhus. Bron- 
chial catarrh. 
Bronchiole, bron'ke-ol (dim. of Bronchium or 
Bronchus). Minute bronchial tube; termination of 
bronchise. 
Bronchiolitis, bron-ke-o-le'tis. Inflammation of 
bronchioles. B. exudati'va, inflammation of bron- 
chioles, accompanied with tough fibrinous or adhesive 
sputa. 
Bronchiopneumonia, bron-ke-o-nu-mo'ne-ah. Bron- 
chopneumonia. 
Bronchiorrhoe'a. Bronchorrhcea. 
Bronchiorrhonchus, bron-ke-or-rhonk'us (bronchio, 
rhonchos, snoring sound). Bronchial rale. 
Bronchiospasmus, bron-ke-o-spaz'mus (bronchio, 
spasmos, spasm). Spasmodic contraction of bronchial 
tubes. 
Bronchiostenosis, bron-ke-o-sten-o'sis (bronchio, 
stenosis, contraction). Contraction or narrowness of 
bronchi. 
Bronchismus, bron-kis'mus. Spasmodic contrac- 
tion of bronchia, sometimes due to spinal paralysis. 
Bronchitic, bron-kit'ik. Relating to bronchitis. 
Bronchitis (bron-ke'tis) or Bronchiitis, bron-ke-e'- 
tis. Pulmonary catarrh ; inflammation of lining mem- 
brane of bronchial tubes, always more or less present 
in cases of pulmonary catarrh, accompanied by cough, 
mucous expectoration, dyspnoea, and more or less un- 
easiness in breathing. Acute forme is accompanied 
with all the signs of internal inflammation, and re- 
quires antiphlogistics, followed by revulsives; the 
chronic form, Winter cough, Chronic catarrh, may be 
confounded with phthisis, from which it is distin- 
guished mainly by absence of hectic fever and of phys- 
ical signs characteristic of latter, as well as by nature 
of expectoration, which is generally mucous, at times 
muco-purulent. When expectoration is little or none, 
bronchitis is said to be dry-dry catarrh ; when fetid, 
the disease is fetid bronchitis. Plastic bronchitis is cha- 
racterized by formation of solid or tubular concretions 
of exudation-matter within the bronchial tubes ; see 
Polypus oronchialis. When bronchitis affects the 
smaller tubes, it is termed capillary bronchitis, and 
is often fatal to children; vesicular bronchitis is some- 
times called vesicular pneumonia of children, Also 
catarrh. B., asthen'ic, peripneumonia notha, capil- 
lary bronchitis. B., cap'illary, see Bronchitis. B., 
carbona'ceous, see Miner's asthma. B., catar'rhal, 
bronchitis with muco-purulent discharge. B., chron'ic, 
see Bronchitis. B., convul'sive, pertussis. B., croup'- 
ous, polypus bronchialis; B. in which fibrinous casts 
of bronchial tubes exist. B., dry, B. with little, if 
any, mucous discharge or secretion. B., exu'dative, 
polypus bronchialis. B., fet'id, see Bronchitis. B., 
fi'brinous, B. crouposa. B., mechan'ical, inflamma- 
tion of lining membrane of air-tubes, induced by in- 
halation of irritating particles. B., mem'branous, 
polypus bronchialis. B., plas'tic, polypus brachialis, 
bronchitis. B., pot'ter's, consumption, potter's. B., 
pseudomem'branous, B., fibrinous; polypus bron- 
chialis. B., pu'trid, B., fetid; see Bronchitis. B., 
suffocative, B., capillary. B., sum'mer, fever, hay. 
B., vesic'ular, see Bronchitis. 
Bronchius, bron'ke-us. Sterno-thyroideus. 
Bronchlemmitis, bronk-lem-me'tis (broncho, lemma, 
sheath, itis). Cynanche trachealis, polypus bronchi- 
alis, croupous bronchitis. 
Broncho, bron'ko, in composition, see Bronchio. 
Broncho-segophony, bron'ko-e-gof'on-e. TEgobron- 
chophony. 
Broncho-alveolitis, bron'ko-al-ve-o-le'tis. Catarrhal 
pneumonia. 
Bron'cho-blennorrhce'a. Purulent form of bron- 
chitis. 
Bronchocace, bron-kok'as-e (broncho, kakos, faulty). 
Peripneumonia notha. B. infan'tills, capillary bron- 
chitis. 
160 BRONCHOCATARRHUS 
Bronchocatarrhus, bron-ko-kat-ar'rhus. Catarrh. 
Broncho-cavernous respiration, bron'ko-kav'er- 
nus res-pir-a'shun. Sound, heard in tuberculosis of 
the lungs when a cavity is included in consolidated 
structure. 
Bronchocele, bron'ko-seel (broncho, kele, tumor). In- 
accurate name for the affection, variously called Der- 
byshire neck, swelled neck, wen, and goitre. This is 
not a rupture, but an enlargement of the thyroid 
gland, common at base of lofty mountains in every 
part of the world. Iodine will generally occasion its 
absorption when case has not been of such duration 
as to have ended in a cartilaginous condition. Sev- 
eral varieties of bronchocele have been described- 
follicular, fibrous, amyloid, vascular, etc. Cysts in 
the thyroid, gland are globular, tense, fluctuating 
tumors, containing glairy fluid of the gland, or serous 
or sanguineous fluid, or old grumous blood, constitut- 
ing cystic bronchocele. Hernia of the trachea. B., 
exophthalmic, exophthalmic goitre. 
Bronchocephalitis, bron-ko-sef-al-e'tis (broncho, 
kephale, head). Whooping cough. 
Br onchohsemorrhagia, bron-ko-hem-or-rha'j e-ah. 
Hemorrhage of bronchial tubes. 
Broncholemmitis, brou-ko-lem-me'tis. Cynanche 
trachealis; polypus bronchialis; croupous bronchitis. 
Broncholith, bron'ko-lith (broncho, lithos, stone). 
Concretion in bronchial tube or gland. 
Bronchomycosis, bron-ko-mik-o'sis (broncho, makes, 
fungus). Presence or development of micro-organ- 
isms-mould fungi-in the bronchial tubes. 
Bron'cho-cesophage'us. Unstriped muscular fibres 
passing from bronchus to oesophagus. 
Bronchoparalysis, bron-ko-par-al'is-is. Asthma. 
Bronchop'athy (broncho, pathos, disease). Disease 
of the bronchial tubes. 
Bronchoph'onism or Bronchophony, bron-kof'o-ne 
(broncho, phone, voice). Resonance. B., pectoril'- 
oquous, pectoriloquy. B., strong, pectoriloquy. 
Bronchophthisis, bron-ko-te'sis. Tuberculosis of 
the lungs, accompanied, with ulceration of bronchial 
tubes. 
Bronchoplastic, bron-ko-plas'tik (broncho, plasso, to 
form). Epithet given to operation for closing fistulse 
in the trachea. The operation is called Bron'choplasty. 
Bronchopleurisy, bron - ko - plu' ris - e. Bronchitis 
complicated with pleurisy. 
Bronchopleuropneumonia, bron-ko-plu-ro-nu-mo'- 
ne-ah. Bronchitis, pleurisy, and pneumonia associated 
in the same individual. 
Bronchopneumonia (bron-ko-nu -mo' ne-ah) or 
Bronchiopneumo'nia. Catarrhal pneumonia; inflam- 
mation of the bronchia and lungs. B. caseo'sa, bron- 
chopneumonia with cheesy exudation. B. indurati'va, 
the same disease, with thickening or deposit in the 
connective tissue. B. syphilitica, syphilitic inflam- 
mation of lungs and bronchia. B. tuberculo'sa, tu- 
bercular inflammation of lungs and bronchia. 
Bronchopneumonitis, bron-ko-nu-mon-e'tis. Bron- 
chopneumonia. 
Bronchopul'monary. Relating to the bronchial 
tubes and lungs. 
Bronchorrhaemia, bron - kor - re' me - ah (broncho, 
haima, blood). Bronchorrhagia. 
Bronchorrhagia, bron-kor-rhaj'e-ah (broncho, rheg- 
numi, to break forth). Hemorrhage from or into the 
bronchial tubes. 
Bronchorrhoea, bron-kor-rhe'ah (broncho, rheo, to 
flow). Pulmonary blennorrhagia. Increased secretion 
of mucus from air-passages, accompanied or not by 
inflammation; gleet, as it were, of the pulmonary mu- 
cous membrane. B. acu'ta, chronic bronchitis. B., 
fet'id, see Breath. B. sero'sa, B. attended with serous 
discharge; pituitous catarrh. 
Bronchorrhoncus, bron-kor-rhon'kus. Bronchial 
rale. 
Bronchostasis, bron-kos'tas-is (broncho, stasis, stag- 
nation). Bronchitis. 
Bronchostenia (bron-ko-sten'e-ah) or Bronchosten- 
o'sis (broncho, stenos, narrow). Contraction or nar- 
rowness of bronchial tubes. 
BRUCIA 
Bronchotome, bron'ko-tome (broncho, tome, incision). 
Lancet with blunt and rounded point, mounted on a 
handle and fitted to the canula, which passes in along 
with it, and is allowed to remain in the opening made 
in the trachea in bronchotomy or tracheotomy. Knife 
for opening bronchial tubes in post-mortem examina- 
tion. 
Bronchotomy, bron-kot'o-me (same etymon). Opera- 
tion of opening the trachea (Tracheotomy), larynx (Lar- 
yngotomy), both (Tracheolaryngotomy), to extract foreign 
bodies or permit passage of air to the lungs. 
Bronchovesicular respiration, bron-ko-ves-ik'u-lar 
res-pir-a'shun. See Respiration. 
Bronchus, bron'kus. See Bronchia, Pharynx, 
Trachea. 
Bronzed (bronzd) skin. Addison's disease; see 
Capsule, renal. B. s. disease, see Capsule, renal. 
Brood-cells. Cells having other cells contained 
within them. 
Brook'lime. Veronica beccabunga. 
Broom. Sophora tinctoria, Spartium scoparium. B., 
but'cher's, ruscus. B. clo'ver, Sophora tinctoria. B. 
corn, Sorghum vulgare. B., in'digo, Sophora tinctoria. 
B. pine, Pinus australis. B. rape of Virginia, Oro- 
banche Virginiana. B., Spanish, Spartium junceum. 
B., yellow, Sophora tinctoria. 
Brosimum alicastrum, bro'sim-um al-ik-as'trum. 
Bread-nut tree from Jamaica. B. galactoden'dron, 
cow-tree, indigenous in S. America. 
Bro'sis. Eating. 
Broth. Weak decoction of meat, to which condi- 
ments may be added. Stronger decoction, with 
various modifications, constitutes soup. B., chlck'en, 
see Chicken. B., egg, see Ovum. B., mut'ton, see 
Mutton. B., veal, see Veal tea. 
Brother, uterine, bruth'ur u'ter-in. Product of a 
twin conception. See Uterine. 
Brousnika. Vaccinium vitis idsea. 
Broussaist, broos'sa-ist. Believer in physiological 
and pathological opinions of Broussais. System was 
called Broussdism, or the Physiological Doctrine, in 
which excitability of gastro-intestinal mucous mem- 
brane was given much prominence. 
Broussonetia tinctoria, bru-son-et'e-ah tink-to're- 
ah. Species of moraceous trees of W. Indies and S. 
America, fruit of which is used in bronchitis. 
Brow. Ridge over orbit; front; acetabulum. B. 
ache or pang, facial or supraorbital neuralgia, hemi- 
crania ; when of malarial origin, it is called brow ague. 
B. presentation, position of foetus in which the brow 
presents. B. shin'gles, see Herpes. 
Brown mixture. Mistura glycyrrhizse composita. 
Brown'ea coccin'ea. Tree of Venezuela, decoction 
of leaves of which is used in hemorrhoids. 
Brown'ian, or Browno'nian, or Bruno'nian. Relat- 
ing to system or opinions of Dr. John Brown, who at- 
tributed all morbid conditions to disordered excita- 
bility. B. motion or move'ments, see Motion. 
Brown'ism, or Bru'nonism, or Bruno'nianism. 
Doctrines of Dr. John Brown. See Brownian. 
Browntst, Browno'nian, or Bruno'nian. Follower 
of system of Brown. See Brownian. 
Brown-Se'quard's disease or paral'ysis. Hemi- 
paraplegia, with hemiansesthesia of the opposite side. 
B.-S.'s elix'ir, preparation made from testicular juice, 
presumed to have invigorating powers in restoring 
the enfeebled vital powers. 
Brucea antidysenterica (bru'se-ah an-te-dis-en- 
ter'ik-ah) or ferrugin'ea (after Bruce, Abyssinian 
traveller). Systematic name of plant whence was 
obtained false angustura or false cusparia bark. 
Bruch, ag'gregate glands or fol'licles of. Tracho- 
ma glands of Henle. Lymph-follicles in conjunctiva, 
similar in morphology to glands of Peyer. B., mem'- 
brane of, innermost layer of choroid coat of the eye. 
Brucia (bru'se-ah) or Brucine, bru'seen. C23H26N2O4. 
Organic, salifiable alkaloid in false angustura (Brucea 
antidysenterica), and obtained from strychnos; 
pearly white; crystallizes in oblique prisms with par- 
allelogrammatic base; very bitter, slightly acrid, and 
styptic; somewhat soluble in water, but more so in 
161 BRUCKE 
alcohol. Brucia is a less active poison than strychnia; 
may he used as substitute for it and for extract of 
nux vomica. Dose, half a grain. It is also a local 
anaesthetic. 
Briicke, muscle of. Ciliary muscle. 
Bruf'falo. Follicular lumps or tumors of hard 
palate of new-born children in Egypt. 
Bruise. Contusion. 
Bruise'root. Stylophorum diphyllum. 
Bruise'wort. Bellis saponaria. 
Bruit, bru-e (F., noise). Sound heard on percussion 
or auscultation. Some of the chief bruits are the fol- 
lowing, which, although French in nomenclature, 
have been accepted in lieu of any English equivalents: 
B., aneuris'mal, thrill heard upon listening over an 
aneurismal tumor. B. de clapotement (F.), splashing 
sound heard over organ or cavity containing gas or 
liquid. B. de claquement (F., clacking sound), pro- 
duced by bringing valves together, as auriculo-ventric- 
ular valves, during contraction of ventricles. B. du 
coeur (F.), sound of beating of heart. B. du coeur 
foetal (F., sound of the foetal heart), pulsations of the 
foetal heart heard in auscultation in latter half of 
utero-gestation. B. de cuir neuf (F., sound of new 
leather) or B. de craquement (F., sound of crackling), 
sound produced by friction of pericardium when 
dried and roughened by inflammation. B. de diable 
(F., sound of the diable or humming-top), venous hum. 
High degree of bruit de soufllet, heard on auscultating 
the arteries or veins-probably the latter-of the neck 
in chlorosis; denoting impoverished state of blood. 
B. de frottement (sound of friction), sound produced 
by rubbing of lung against parietes of chest during 
inspiration and expiration ; distinctly heard in pleu- 
ritis, when pleura has become roughened. Friction 
sounds, Rubbing sounds, To-and-fro sounds are also 
heard in pericarditis and peritonitis; may be produced 
in the situation of any of the organs contained in 
the abdominal cavity, or of morbid growth developed 
there, independent of acute inflammation. B. de frou- 
frou (F.), sound like rustling of silk. B. metallique, 
metallic sound. B. de mouche (F., fly-sound), sound 
analogous to bruit de diable, from buzzing heard on aus- 
cultating the neck in chlorotic cases. B. de moulin 
(F., water-wheel sound), friction sound heard in some 
cardiac affections, mixed with gurgling and splashing. 
B. musculaire (F., muscular sound), sound accompa- 
nying first sound of heart; called also Bruit rotatoire, 
being thought to resemble rumbling of distant wheels. 
B. placentaire (F., placental bellows sound), heard 
on auscultation over placenta in pregnancy. B. de 
pot fele (F., sound of cracked vessel), Cracked-pot 
sound, sound heard on percussion when cavern in 
lungs is filled with air and has a narrow outlet. B. 
respiratoire (F.), murmur, respiratory. B. rotatoire 
(F.), see Bruit musculaire. B. de scie (F.), sawing 
sound. B. de sifflement (F.), hissing cardiac sound. 
B. de souffle (F.), bruit de soufllet; B. de diable. B. 
de souffle placentaire or uterin, bruit placentaire. 
B. de soufllet (F., bellows sound, blowing sound), sound 
like that of bellows, heard occasionally by ear ap- 
plied to the chest during contraction of the ventricles, 
auricles, or large arteries. It coexists with affec- 
tions of the heart, but is heard also without disease 
of that organ-whenever, indeed, an artery is com- 
pressed. Encephalic bellows sound is heard on applying 
the ear to the occiput or to the top of the head, and 
indicates turgescence of vessels or inflammation. 
When such turgescence exists the vessels are com- 
pressed, and compression gives rise to the sound in 
question. See Bellows sound. B. de taffetas (F.), res- 
piratory sound like that caused by tearing of piece 
of taffeta, indicating hepatization of lung, limited 
to the surface in pneumonia. B. tympanique (tym- 
panic sound), clear sound afforded by percussing the 
stomach and intestines when containing air. B. 
u'terin, B. placentaire. B. vesiculaire, murmur, 
respiratory. 
Brunella vulgaris, bru-neriah vul-gah'ris. Self- 
heal, heal-all; indigenous; bitter tonic. 
Brunfelsia (brun-fel'se-ah) (after 0. Brunfels, bota- 
162 
BUBASTECORDIUM 
nist of Metz) uniflo'ra. Scrophulariaceous plant of 
Brazil, emeto-cathartic and emmenagogue. 
Brun'ner's or Brunn's glands. Solitary glands or 
follicles, Second pancreas. Compound muciparous fol- 
licles, seated between mucous and muscular coats'of 
the stomach, along the two curvatures of that organ, 
and in the duodenum; discovery generally attributed 
to Brunn or Brunner, although he restricted the term 
solitary glands to glands of the duodenum. 
Brunonian, bru-no'ne-an. Brownian. 
Brunonianism, bru-no'ne-an-izm. Brownism. 
Brus'cus. Ruscus. 
Brush, elec'tric, metallic electrode for localized 
electrization, as in neuralgia. B., stom'ach, brush to 
be passed down the oesophagus into the stomach as 
a stimulant and to remove mucus. See .Ercutia ven- 
triculi. 
Brush-burn. Contused wound produced by violent 
friction. 
Bruta, bru'tah. Juniperus sabina. 
Brutia, bru'she-ah. Thick pitch from Brutia, in 
Italy, from which was obtained Oleum picinum. Also 
instinct. 
Bruxanel'li. Malabar tree, bark and leaves of 
which are astringent, diuretic, and anthelmintic. 
Brycetus (bris'e-tus) or Brychetos (brucho, to grind 
the teeth). Cold, algid, as cold stage of fever. 
Brychethmus (brik-eth'mus) or Bryg'mos. Grind- 
ing the teeth ; brygma; rugitus. 
Brychetus (brik-et'us) or Bryg'mus. See Algidus. 
Brygma (brig'mah) or Bryg'mus. Grinding of 
teeth; common symptom, in children, of gastric or 
other derangement. 
Bryoidin, bri-oid'in. Bitter substance from elemi. 
Bryone, bri'o-ne. Bryonia alba. 
Bryonia, bri-o'ne-ah (bruo, to bud forth) (Ph. U. S.). 
Root of Bryonia alba and B. dioica. B. Africa'na, 
African bryony; South African plant, in form of 
decoction acting as emetic, cathartic, and diuretic; 
used in cutaneous diseases, dropsy, and syphilis. B. 
al'ba, bryony, white bryony; ord. Cucurbitacese. 
Root is large and succulent, and has acrid, bitter 
taste; drastic cathartic, and also employed in whoop- 
ing cough; externally applied, in cataplasm, in gout. 
When repeatedly washed, good starch is obtained from 
it. Its active bitter principle, a glucoside, is called 
bryonine; it has been employed as an active hydra- 
gogue cathartic in dropsy. Bryonidine is another 
alkaloid derived from Bryonia. B. America'na 
grows in W. Indies; properties same as B. alba. B. 
dioi'ca, red bryony, emeto-cathartic; locally, vesi- 
cant; used internally in dropsy and whooping cough. 
B. epigse'a, species growing in India, used as anthel- 
mintic, and in dysentery and syphilis. B. Madera- 
spata'na, diaphoretic and diuretic, used in cholera, 
gonorrhoea, calculous affections, etc. B. Mechoa- 
can'na ni'gricans, Convolvulus jalapa. B. ni'gra, 
Tamus communis. B. Peruvia'na, Convolvulus an- 
gulatus. B. rostra'ta, root of this plant, growing 
in Java, is expectorant and refrigerant. B. variega'ta, 
Mexican; root is drastic and cathartic. 
Bryonine, bry'on-een. CisHsoOia. Very bitter glu- 
coside from Byronia alba and B. dioica, bitter; styp- 
tic and vesicant. Internally, used in pleurisy, pleuro- 
pneumonia, and acute rheumatism. 
Bryony, bre'on-e. Bryonia alba. B., black, Tamus 
communis. B., red, B. dioica. B., white, Bryonia 
alba. B., wild, Sycios angulatus. 
Bryophyllum (bre-o-filTum) calyci'num. Shrub 
of S. Africa, Europe, and America, leaves of which 
are sedative and refrigerant. 
Bryoplastic, bry-o-plas'tik (bruon, mass, plasso, to 
form). Forming growths like excrescences, from 
parasites, micro-organisms, accretion, or other cause. 
Bryton, bre'ton. Cerevisia. 
Bu (Bou, abbr. of Bous, ox). In composition, ex- 
cess, greatness; hence, bulimus, buphthalmia, etc. 
Buanthropia, bu-an-thro'pe-ah (bu, anthropos, man). 
Hallucination that a person is an ox. 
Bubastecordium, bu-bas-te-kor'de-um. Artemisia 
vulgaris. BUBBLE FEVER 
Bub'ble fe'ver. Pemphigus. 
Bube, bu'be. Pustule. 
Bubo, bu'bo. Formerly the groin; inguen or in- 
guinal glands; swelling or inflammation of these 
parts, bubonadenitis; inflammatory tumor seated in 
the groin or axilla. The term is now applied to three 
forms of inguinal tumor; 1. Simple or sympathetic 
bubo, independent of any virus in the economy. 2. 
Venereal bubo, occasioned by venereal virus, aden- 
opathy, indurated bubo, suppurating bubo. 3. Pesti- 
lential or malignant bubo. B., creeping, serpiginous 
bubo which has ulcerated and spread in serpiginous 
form to adjoining parts. B., gonorrhoe'al, see Bubo. 
B., idiopathic, primary bubo. B., in'dolent, chronic, 
painless, hard indurations of one or more inguinal 
glands, accompanying indurated chancre. Multiple 
indolent bubo is similar induration of first row of 
inguinal glands only. B., in'durated, see Bubo. B., 
malig'nant, see Bubo. B., parot'id, cynanche parot- 
idsea or mumps. B., pestilential, see Bubo. B., 
pri'mary or primitive, enlargement and suppura- 
tion of one or more inguinal glands, not preceded by 
any other more common forms of venereal disease, nor 
by any other syphilitic symptom. B., scrof'ulous, 
swelling of gland, as in groin, from scrofulous condi- 
tion. B., specific, syphilitic bubo. B., stru''mous, 
B., scrofulous. B., sup'purating, see Bubo. B., sym- 
pathetic, swelling of gland, as in the groin, from 
irritation or injury. B., syphilitic or vene'real, 
venereal bubo. B., vir'ulent, produced by inoculat- 
ing with virus of chancre, exists only in chancroid. 
Bu'hon (bonbon, groin) The groin. Bubo. 
Bu'bon gafbanum. Long-leaved or Lovage-leaved 
galbanum, ord. Umbellifene. South African plant, 
wild celery, diuretic ; decoction of leaves is given 
in dropsy and gravel. Galbanum is gummi-resinous 
j nice; odor is fetid, taste bitter and acrid ; it forms 
emulsion when triturated with water; antispasmodic 
and expectorant; externally applied as cataplasm. B. 
gummif erum, see Ammoniac gum. B. Macedon'icum, 
Macedonian parsley; properties are similar to those of 
common parsley, but weaker. 
Bubona, bu-bo'nah. Nipple. 
Bubonadenitis, bu-bon-ad-en-e'tis. Bubo; inflam- 
mation of inguinal glands. 
Bubonalgia, bu-bon-al'je-ah (bubon, algos, pain). Pain 
in the groin. 
Bubonium, bu-bo'ne-um. Golden starwort, the 
plant, Aster atticus, formerly used in diseases of the 
groin. 
Bubonocele, bu-bon'o-seel-e (Eng. bu-bon'o-seel) 
(bubon, kele, tumor). Inguinal hernia, Rupture of the 
groin; hernia limited to the groin. When it has de- 
scended to the scrotum it is called Oscheocele, scrotal 
hernia. The rupture passes through the abdominal 
ring, and, from greater size of opening in the male, is 
more frequent in that sex. 
Bubononcus, bu-bon-on'kus (bubon, orikos, swelling). 
Bubo; swelling of the groin. 
Bubonop'anus. Bubo. 
Bubonorrhexis (bu-bon-or-reks'is) or Bubonorhex'- 
is (bubon, rhexis, rupture). Bubonocele, accompanied 
with division of the peritoneum; or, in other words, 
devoid of sac. 
Bubonulus (bu-bon'ul-us) or Bubunculus, bu-bun'- 
ku-lus (dim. of Bubo). Painful swelling of lymphat- 
ics of the penis, occasional accompaniment of gonor- 
rhoea. 
Bubophthalmia, bube-of-thal'me-ah. Buphthalmia. 
Bucca, buk'kah. Cheek and hollow of cheek; 
vulva. 
Buccal, buk'kal. Concerning mouth or cheek. B. 
ar'tery arises from internal maxillary or some of its 
branches, as deep anterior temporal or alveolar. It 
is distributed to buccinator muscle and buccal mem- 
brane. B. glands, mucous follicles in the buccal 
membrane. Those near molar teeth are called Molar 
glands, and secrete a viscid humor, mixing with saliva 
and lubricating the mouth. B. mem'brane, mucous 
membrane lining interior of the mouth. B. nerve, 
buccinator nerve, is given off by inferior maxillary, 
? BUGGERY 
and sends branches to the cheek, especially the buc- 
cinator muscle. B. vein follows the course of the 
artery. 
Buccea, buk'se-ah. Nasal polypus, because believed 
to proceed from the mouth. Mouthful. 
Buccella, buk-sel'lah (dim. of Buccea, morsel). 
Bolus. 
Buccellatio, buk-sel-lah'she-o. Mode of arresting 
hemorrhage by applying pledget of lint to bleeding- 
vessel. 
Buccina, buk-se'nah (buccina, trumpet). Turbinated 
bones. 
Buccina'to-la'bial. Combination of orbicularis 
oris and buccinator muscles. 
Buccinator, buk-sin-a'tor (buccino, to sound a trum- 
pet). Muscle situate in substance of the cheeks, ex- 
tending between posterior portions of alveolar arches 
of the jaws and the commissure of the lips, which it 
draws backward. It assists in mastication by pushing 
the food back toward the teeth ; if the cheeks be dis- 
tended by air, its contraction forces the air out. 
Bucco, buk'ko. Wide-mouthed. In composition, 
mouth or cheek. Diosma crenata. 
Bucco-labial (buk'ko-la'be-al) mus'cle. Anterior 
portion of buccinator. B.-l. nerve, buccal nerve. 
Bucco-pharyngeal, buk-ko-far-in-je'al. Belonging 
to mouth and pharynx. The B.-p. aponeurosis or In- 
termaxillary ligament extends from internal ala of 
pterygoid process to posterior part of lower alveolar 
arch, affording attachment to buccinator and con- 
strictor pharyngis superior muscles. B.-p. fas'cia, 
fascia covering buccinator muscle. B.-p. mus'cle, 
portion of superior constrictor pharyngis muscle from 
pterygo-maxillary ligament. 
Bucco-pharyngeus, buk'ko-far-in-je'us. Bucco- 
pharyngeal. 
Buccula, buk'ku-lah (dim. of Bucca). Small mouth; 
fleshy part beneath the chin. 
Bucelatio, bu-sel-ah'she-o. Buccellatio. 
Buceras, bu'ser-as. Trigonella foenum. B. fce'- 
num Grse'cum, Trigonella feenum Grsecum. 
Buchan'an's operation. See Lithotomy. 
Buchin'ha. Fruit of Luffa purgans; drastic. 
Buchu, bu'ku. Diosma crenata. B. fo'lia, Diosma 
crenata. B. leaves, Diosma crenata. 
Buck'bean. Menyanthes trifoliata. B., Amer'- 
ican, Menyanthes verna. 
Buckberry, buk'ber-re. Vaccinium stamineum. 
Buckbrake, buk'brak. Osmunda regalis. 
Bucket fever, buk'et fe'ver. Dengue. 
Buck'eye. JEsculus hippocastanum. 
Buckho, buk'ho. Diosma crenata. 
Buck'horn. Osmunda regalis. 
Buckthorn, buk'thorn. Rhamnus catharticus; 
Rhamnus frangula. B., California, Rhamnus pursh- 
iana. B., pur'ging, Rhamnus catharticus. 
Bucku, buk'u. Diosma crenata. 
Buck'wheat. Polygonum fagopyrum. B. plant, 
east'ern, Polygonum divaricatum. 
Bucnemia (buk-na'me-ah) or Boucne'mia (bu, kneme, 
leg). Elephantiasis. B. Ind'ica, elephantiasis. B. 
sparganot'ica, phlegmasia dolens. B. trop'ica, ele- 
phantiasis. 
Buc'ton. Hymen. 
Bud'ding germina'tion. Growth by buds on cells; 
gemmation. 
Buecphlysis, bu-ek'flis-is (bous, ox, ekphluo, to boil 
up). Cow-pox. 
Bue'na magnifo'lia. Tree of S. America, order 
Rubiaceae; form of cinchona. 
Buff, inflam'matory. Corium phlogisticum. 
Buf'fer ac'cidents. Contusion and severe internal 
injury of the abdomen and its viscera by tight jam- 
ming between the buffers of railway cars. 
Buff'y coat. Corium phlogisticum. 
Bugantia, bu-gan'she-ah. Chilblain. 
Bug'bane. Cimicifuga. 
Buggery, bug'ger-e. Sodomy; said to have been 
introduced by Bulgarians, Bulgari, Bugari, or Bugeri; 
hence the name. Carnal copulation against nature, 
as of man or woman with an animal, or man with 
163 BUGINARIUM 
man, or man unnaturally with woman. One who 
permits such an act on him is called a Pathic. 
Buginarium, bu-jin-ah're-um. Gelatin or glycerin 
bougie, medicated. 
Bugle, bu'gl {bugulus'). Prunella. B., com'mon, 
Ajuga reptans. B., water, Lycopus Virginicus. B. 
weed, lycopus. 
Bugloss (bu'glos), dy'er's. Anchusa tinctoria. B., 
gar'den, Anchusa officinalis. B., up'right, ajuga. 
Buglossa, bu-glos-sah {bous, ox, glossa, tongue, from 
resemblance of its leaves). Anchusa officinalis. 
Buglossum angustifolium majus, bu-glos'sum an- 
gus-te-fo'le-um ma'jus {bouglosson, ox-tongue). Anchusa 
officinalis. B. latifo'lium, Borago officinalis. B. 
sati'vum, Anchusa officinalis. B. sylves'tris, An- 
chusa officinalis. B. tincto'rum, Anchusa tinctoria. 
B. ve'rum, boracic acid, B. vulga're ma'jus, An- 
chusa officinalis. 
Bugula, bu'gu-lah. Ajuga. B. chain ae'pity s, Teu- 
crium chamsepitys. B. pyramida'lis, Ajuga. B. 
rep'tans, Ajuga reptans. 
Buiatrica, bu-e-at'rik-ah {bous, ox, iatreia, medica- 
tion). Therapeutics of diseases of cattle. 
Bulam (bu-lam') fe'ver. Yellow fever. 
Bulama (bu-lam'ah) boil. Boil, observed in island 
of Bulama, west coast of Africa, produced by larva or 
grub of an insect. 
Bulata, bul-at'ah. Substance analogous to gutta- 
percha, from Sapota Miilleri, or bullet-tree, in Dutch 
Guiana. 
Bulb. Name given to different parts resembling in 
shape bulbous roots. The bulb of the aorta is the 
great sinus of the aorta; bulb or root of hair is the 
part whence hair originates; bulb of the urethra is 
the dilated portion formed by the commencement of 
the corpus spongiosum; the bulb of the corpus cav- 
ernosum is the enlarged portion at the root; the globe 
of the eye is also called the bulb. B., arte'rial, an- 
terior part of embryonic heart. B., aud'itory, coch- 
lea and membranous labyrinth together. B., brach'- 
ial, enlargement of spinal cord in the neck at origin 
of brachial plexus. B. of cor'pus caverno'sum and 
c. spongio'sum, see Bulb. B., dent'al, pulp of tooth. 
B. of eye, see Eye. B. of female, bulbus vestibuli. 
B., for'nix, corpus albicans. B-s, four, corpora quad- 
rigemina. B. of hair, see Hair. B. of ju'gular vein, 
expansion existing near point of origin of external 
jugular vein. B., Krause's, see Krause's end-bulbs. 
B., olfac'tory, see Olfactory nerves. B. of o'vary, 
bulb-shaped mass of veins at the hilus. B. paral'- 
ysis, paralysis from lesion of medulla oblongata. B., 
rachid'ian, medulla oblongata. B. of spi'nal mar'- 
row, medulla oblongata. B. of the throat, tonsil. 
B. of the ure'thra, see Urethra. B. of the vagi'na, 
bulbus vestibuli. B. of vest'ibule, bulbus vestibuli. 
Bul'bar. Relating to the eyeball and rachidian 
bulb, or medulla oblongata. B. ar'teries, branches 
of anterior spinal artery to medulla oblongata. B. 
disease or paral'ysis, paralysis from causes seated in 
medulla oblongata, as disintegration of the nuclei; 
term applied to labio-glosso-laryngeal paralysis, a form 
of progressive paralysis of facial muscles of tongue, 
lips, and larynx of both sides. B. myeli'tis, see Mye- 
litis. 
Bulbi (bul'be) (pl. of Bulbus) for'nicis. Mammillary 
tubercles. B. prio'rum cru'rum for'nicis, mammil- 
lary tubercles. B. vestib'uli, glands of Bartholini. 
Bulbiparous, bulb-ip'ar-us. Gem- or germ-pro- 
ducing; gemmiparous. 
Bulbocastanum, bul-bo-kast'an-um. Bunium bul- 
bocastanum. 
Bulbo-cavernosus, bul-bo-kav-er-no'sus. Acceler- 
ator u rinse, constrictor cunni. 
Bulbo-cavernous (bul-bo-kav'urn-us) glands. Cow- 
per's glands. 
Bulbocodium bul-bo-kod'e-um. Narcissus pseudo- 
narcissus. 
Bulbonach, bul'bon-ak. Lunaria rediviva. 
Bulborrhexis, bul-bor-rheks'is {bulbus, rhexis, rup- 
ture). Rupture of the eyeball. 
Bul'bo-ure'thral glands. Cowper's glands. 
164 
BUNIUM 
Bul'bo-urethra'lis. Accelerator urin®. 
Bul'bus. Bulb; eyeball. B. agres'tis, Colchi- 
cum autumnale. B. arterio'sus, anterior of three 
compartments in rudimentary condition of heart, 
dividing afterward into aorta and pulmonary artery ; 
see Bulb. B. cine'reus, olfactory bulb. B. cor'nu 
poste'rius, bulbous prominence on posterior horn of 
lateral ventricle of brain. B. cor'ports caverno'si, 
bulb of corpus cavernosum. B. cri'nis, hair-bulb. 
B. for'nicis, corpus albicans. B. glandulo'sus, pro- 
ventriculus. B. medul'l® spinalis, medulla oblon- 
gata. B. oc'uli, eyeball. B. olfacto'rius, see Olfactory 
nerves. B. pi'li, see Hair. B. rachid'icus, see Me- 
dulla oblongata. B. scil'l®, bulb of squills. B. ure'- 
thrse, bulb of urethra. B. vagi'n®, bulbus vestibuli. 
B. ve'n® jugula'ris, bulb of jugular vein. B. ves- 
tib'uli, bulb or semibulb of the female or of the va- 
gina ; close-packed plexus of intricately anastomosing 
veins, enclosed in fibrous investment, occupying space 
between vestibule of vagina and rami of pubic arch 
on each side; analogue of male bulb. B. vomito'rius, 
Musk-grape flower, Hyacinthus muscari; emetic and 
diuretic. 
Bule'sis {boulesis, will). Will or power of will. 
Bulga, bul'gah. Vulva, uterus. 
Bulimia, bu-lim'e-ah. Boulimia. 
Bulimic, bu-lim'ik. Eelating to boulimia. 
Bul'imy. Boulimia. 
Bulithos, bu'lith-os {bous, ox, lithos, stone). Bezoar 
found in kidneys, gall-bladder, or urinary bladder of 
the ox or cow. 
Bulla, bull'lah. Bleb. Portion of cuticle detached 
from the skin by interposition of serous or sero- 
purulent fluid; pemphigus; hydatid. B. ethmoida'- 
lis, elevation of ethmoid cells in middle meatus of 
nose. B. h®xnorrhag'ica, blood-blister, purpura. B. 
syphilit'ica, bullar syphilitic skin disease. 
Bull®, bull'e (pl. of Bulla). Class of skin diseases 
having bull®. B., com'pound, bulla with two or 
more chambers, from coalescence of adjacent vesicles. 
B. rotun'd® cervi'cis u'teri, nabothi glandul®. 
Bullate, bull'ate. Pertaining to bullae. 
Bull'dog. See Tabanus. B. for'ceps, spring for- 
ceps for arresting hemorrhage. 
Bul'let for'ceps. Forceps for extraction of a bullet 
from a wound. B. probe, probe for detection of loca- 
tion of a bullet. B. f., Nelaton's, see Nelaton. 
Bull'fists. Lycoperdon. 
Bull'ock's blood. Given in pill in anaemia, phthisis 
pulmonalis, and other diseases of debility. B.'s eye, 
Sempervivum tectorum. 
Bull'ous. Eelating to bulla or bleb. 
Bullula, bull'u-lah (dim. of Bulla). Small vesicle 
or bleb. 
Bumamma, bu-mam'mah (&w, intensive, mamma, 
breast). Excessively large mammary gland. 
Bumelia, bu-mel'e-ah. Fraxinus excelsior. 
Buna, bu'nah. Coffee plant; Coffea Arabica. 
Bunch. Hunch. 
Bunch'backed. See Hunch. 
Bunchosia lanceolata, bun-ko'se-ah lan-se-o-lat'ah. 
Plant of Mexico; bark of root is astringent. 
Bun'dle of Lenhos'sek. Ascending root of pneu- 
mogastric and glosso-pharyngeal nerves. B., prim'- 
itive, muscular fibre. B., res'piratory, B. of Lenhos- 
sek. B. of Vicq d'Azyr, fibres of white nervous 
matter in the thalamus opticus. 
Bundu or Bun'dou. Ordeal poison of the Gaboon ; 
substance analogous to strychnia, from apocynaceous 
plant of W. Africa, by some considered identical with 
akasja. 
Bunias, bu'ne-as. Brassica napus. 
Bunioid, bu'ne-oid. Napiform; like a turnip, as 
scirrhus. 
Bunion, bun'yun {bounos, eminence). Enlargement 
and inflammation of bursa mucosa at inside of ball 
of great toe. 
Bunium (bu'ne-um) bulbocast'anum. Ord. Umbel- 
lifer®; systematic name of plant whose tuberous 
root, agriocastanum, pignut, earthnut, hawknut, kipper- 
nut, is eaten raw or roasted. B. car'vi, carum. BUNNIAN 
Bunnian, bun'yan. Bunyon. 
Bunsen's double-cell bat/tery. Constant battery, 
in which carbon, amalgamated zinc, diluted sulphuric 
acid, and nitric acid are the component parts. 
Bun'weed. Senecio Jacobaea. 
Bunyon, bun'yun. Bunion. 
Buophthalmia, bu-of-thal'me-ah. Buphthalmia. 
Bupeina, bu-pi'nah (bu, peina, hunger). Boulimia. 
Buphagous, bu'fag-us (bu, intensive, phago, to eat). 
Beef-eating; having excessive appetite. 
Buphlysis, bu'flis-is. Buecphlysis. 
Buphthal'mi her'ba. Anthemis tinctoria. 
Buphthalmia (boof-thal'me-ah), Buophthal'mia, or 
Bouphthal'mos (6u, ophthalmos, eye, Ox-eye). First 
stage of hydrophthalmia; turgescence of vitreous hu- 
mor, which, pushing the iris forward, forms around 
the crystalline a sort of border. 
Buphthalmum creticum, boof-thal'mum kre'tik- 
um. Anthemis pyrethrum. B. ma'jus, Chrysan- 
themum leucanthemum. 
Buphthalmus, boof - thal'mus. Buphthalmia, hy- 
drophthalmia ; Sempervivum tectorum. 
Bupina, bu-pe'nah (6w, peina, hunger). Boulimia. 
Bupleuroi'des. Bupleurum rotundifolium. 
Bupleurum rotundifolium, bu-plu'rum ro-tuu-de- 
fo'le-um (6w, pleuron, rib; leaves having large ribs). 
Round-leaved hare's ear. Ord. Umbelliferae. Herb 
and seeds are aromatic. 
Bur. Burdock. Lobe of ear. Pancreas of calf. 
Burcquism, burk'izm. Metallotherapy. 
Burdach, columns of. Columns of Gall. 
Bur'dock. Arctium lappa. B., les'ser, xanthium. 
B., prai'rie, Silphium terebinthaceum. 
Burdwan fever. Malarial fever in Bengal. 
Burette, bu-ret'. Glass tube for measuring liquids. 
Burgundy pitch, bur'gun-de. Pix Burgundica. 
Burial alive, ber'e-al a-live'. Zoothapsis. 
Bu'ris. Hernia with scirrhus; scirrhus only. 
Burke, burk. To take away life by suffocation, as 
by closing the nose and mouth, preventing costal and 
abdominal breathing; called from a wretch who, in 
1829, in Edinburgh, procured subjects for dissection 
in that way, for which offence he was executed. 
Burk'ing. See Burke. 
Bur'mah boil. Furunculous endemic of Burmah. 
Burmese (bur-meze') ring'worm. Tinea imbri- 
cata. 
Burn (Sax. bepnan or bypnan, to burn). Injury 
produced by action of too great heat. Burns have 
been divided into simple burns, or those of first de- 
gree, Dermatitis ambustionis erythematosa,, chiefly pro- 
ducing rubefaction; those of second degree, or accom- 
panied with vesication, Dermatitis ambustionis bullosa; 
and those of third degree, with destruction of parts 
affected, from involvement of papillary layer only to 
total destruction of tissues and charring of bone,Derma- 
titis ambustionis eseharotica. B., brush, see Brush-burn. 
Bur'net, Can'ada or great. Sanguisorba Cana- 
densis. 
Burnett's disinfecting liquid (bur-net''s dis-in-fekt'- 
ing lik'wid) or fluid. Solution of zinc chloride, first 
used by Sir William Burnett for preserving timber, 
canvas, etc. from dry rot, mildew, etc., and afterward 
as antibromic and antiseptic, especially in case of dead 
bodies. The Ph. U. S. and Br. contain liquor zinci 
chloridi, made in the former by action of nitric and 
muriatic acid on zinc (in the latter an aqueous solu- 
tion of chloride of zinc), distilled water and precipi- 
tated carbonate of zinc being added after evaporation. 
Burn'ing. Disease mentioned by old historians, 
probably gonorrhoea and syphilis. B. bush, Euony- 
mus purpureus. B. of the feet, beriberi. 
Burns, lig'ament of. Falciform process of fascia 
lata. 
Burnt alum. Dried alum. B. holes, variety of 
rupia in Ireland among children of the poor; noma; 
pemphigus gangraenosus; see Rupia eseharotica. B. 
sponge, Spongia usta. B. su'gar, caramel. 
Bu'row's operation. Flap plastic operation on the 
lip. B. ' s veins, portal veins occupying place of urachus. 
Burq'uism. Metallo-therapeutics. 
165 
BURSA 
Burr or Burrh. Eotacism. 
Burrage, bur'raj e. Borago officinalis. 
Bur'reed, great. Sparganium ramosum. 
Bursa, bur'sab (sac). See Bursee mucosee. Pouch 
or sac, especially synovial sac, bursa mucosa (which 
see), situate between bones and their coverings of 
muscles, tendons, or skin. Scrotum. B. acromia'lis, 
B. beneath deltoid muscle; also occasional b. over 
acromion. B. ancone'i, b. between olecranon and 
tendon of triceps extensor cubiti. B. an'guli man- 
dib'uli, rare subcutaneous b. over angle of jaw. 
B. a. ster'ni, subcutaneous b. over angle between 
first and second pieces of sternum. B. a. superio'- 
ris scap'ulse, B. at upper angle of scapula, in ser- 
ratus magnus or between it and insertion of levator 
anguli scapulae. B. anseri'na, B. between expansion 
of semitendinosus, gracilis, and sartorius muscles and 
long internal lateral ligament. B. bicip'itis, B. sur- 
rounding tendon of long head of biceps in bicipital 
groove. B. b. cru'ris or bicip'ito-flbula'ris, B. be- 
tween external lateral ligament of knee and tendon 
of biceps. B. b. gastrocnemia'lis, rare b. between 
sesamoid bone in external head of gastrocnemius 
muscle and tendon of biceps femoris or skin. B., 
Boy'er's, B. subhyoidea. B. brachia'lis infraspina'ti, 
B. between infraspinatus tendon and capsule of 
shoulder-joint. B. calca'nea, B. between ten do 
Achillis and back of calcaneum. B., capit'ulo-ra'dial, 
B. between head of radius and common tendon of ex- 
tensors. B. cap'sulse oc'uli, B. between capsule of 
Tenon and globe of eye. B. carpi'na vola'ris, B. be- 
tween tendon of carpi ulnaris and pisiform bone. B. 
circumflex'! pala'ti, B. at point at which tendon of 
tensor palati turns around hamular process. B., cla- 
vic'ular, B. between clavicle and coracoid process of 
scapula. B. coccyge'a, B. between tip of coccyx and 
sphincter ani. B. con'dyli exter'ni and iiiter'ni, 
subcutaneous b-s over condyles of femur. B. cor'aco- 
brachia'lis, B. between subscapularis and upper ex- 
tremities of muscles arising from coracoid process. B. 
c.-brachia'lis mi'nor, B. under rare muscle of that 
name. B. c.-clavicula'ris latera'lis, B. between cora- 
coid process and trapezoid ligament. B. c.-c. me'dia, 
B. between conoid and trapezoid ligaments. B. cora- 
coi'dea, B. near base of coracoid process. B. cor'dis, 
pericardium. B. cos'tse pri'mse, B. between muscles of 
back and tuberosity of first rib. B. cos'to-clavicula'- 
ris, B. within fibres of rhomboid ligament. B. cri'co- 
thy'ro-thyroi'dea, B. between lateral lobes of thyroid 
body and crico-thyroid. B. cubita'lis extenso'ris 
car'pi radia'lis bre'vis, occasional b. over head of ra- 
dius, beneath origin of extensor carpi radialis brevior 
and e. communis digitorum. B. c. interos'sea or cu'- 
bito-radia'lis, B. ulno-radialis. B. cuculla'ris, B. 
trapezii. B. deltoi'dea, B. acromialis. B. digas'trici 
ante'rior, B. at point at which tendon of digastric 
muscle passes through fascia binding it to hyoid 
bone, or through stylo-hyoid muscle. B. d. poste'rior, 
B. between posterior belly of digastric and sterno- 
cleido-mastoid. B. epicon'dyli, rare b. between skin 
and external condyle of humerus. B. epiplo'ica, 
lesser peritoneal sac. B. epitroch'leae, B. between 
skin and inner condyle of humerus. B. extenso'ris 
car'pi radia'lis brevio'ris, B. cubitalis extensoris. 
B. e. c. ulna'ris, B. beneath origin of extensor carpi 
ulnaris. B. e. digito'rum pe'dis bre'vis, B. under 
extensor brevis digitorum of foot. B. e. hallu'cis 
bre'vis, B. between tendon and head of first metacar- 
pal bone. B. fibula'ris, B. bicipitis cruris. B. flexo'- 
ris car'pi ulna'ris, B. carpina volaris. B. f. digito'- 
rum subli'mis, rare b. in tendon of origin of flexor 
digitorum sublimis, or between it and pronator radii 
teres. B. fos'sae infraclavicula'ris, B. between two 
layers of coraco-clavicular fascia in front of coracoid 
process. B. fronta'lis, B. over frontal eminences. B. 
ga'lese cap'itis, B. between aponeurosis of occipito- 
frontalis and pericranium, over occipital protuberance. 
B. gastrocnemia'lis exter'na or latera'lis, occasional 
b. between outer head of gastrocnemius muscle and 
capsule. B. g. inter'na or media'lis, or gastrocne'- 
mii inter'ni, B. between inner head of gastrocnemius BURSA 
and semimembranosus, behind inner condyle. B. 
gemel'li superio'ris, B. pyriformis. B. gemello'rum, 
rare b. between gemelli muscles and capsule of hip- 
joint. B. genua'lis ante'rior, B. anserina. B. g. 
latera'lis exter'na or latera'lis exter'na ante'rior, 
B. subtendinea tensoris fasciae latse. B. g. 1. e. infe'- 
rior, B. bicipitis cruris. B. g. 1. e. supe'rior, B. ten- 
dinis poplitei. B. g. 1. inter'na infe'rior, B. anserina. 
B. g. 1. 1. me'dia, B. subligamento interno. B. g. 1. i. 
supe'rior, B. subtendinea sartorii. B. g. posterior, 
B. gastrocnemialis interna. B. glute'i me'dii or 
me'dii ante'rior, B. between anterior part of tendon 
of gluteus medius and trochanter major. B. g. m. 
posterior, B. between tendons of gluteus medius and 
pyriformis muscles. B. g. min'imi, B. between ten- 
dons of gluteus minimus and great trochanter. B. 
glute'o-fascia'lis, glute'o-femora'lis, or glute'o-tro- 
chanter'ic, between tendon of gluteus maximus and 
trochanter major. B. Gru'beri, B. sinus tarsi. B. 
humera'lis flexo'ris digito'rum subli'mis, B. flexoris 
digitorum sublimis. B. hu'mero-tricipita'lis, B. be- 
tween anterior surface of triceps extensor cubiti and 
fat at lower extremity of humerus. B. hyoi'dea, B. 
subhyoidea. B. ili'aca, B. between ilio-psoas muscle 
and brim of pelvis. B. i. ante'rior, subcutaneous b. 
over anterior superior spine of ilium. B. i. poste'rior, 
subcutaneous b. over posterior superior spine of ilium. 
B. il'io-cos'to-cervica'lis, B. between ilio-costal mus- 
cle and transverse process of seventh cervical verte- 
bra. B. il'io-pectine'a or il'io-pso'as, B. subiliaca. 
B. infragenua'lis or infrapatella'ris or infrapatella'- 
ris profun'da, B. subpatellaris. B. i. superficia'lis 
infe'rior, B. prsespinosa. B. i. s. supe'rior, B. 
prseligamentosa. B. infraspina'ta, B. brachialis 
infraspinata. B. infraspina'ti, B. between supe- 
rior margin of infraspinatus muscle and spine of 
scapula. B. intermuscula'ris extenso'ris cru'ris, 
occasional b. between tendons of rectus femoris 
and cruraeus. B. intertubercula'ris, B. bicipitis. 
B. intramuscula'ris pectora'lis majo'ris, B. between 
clavicular and thoracic portions of pectoralis major. 
B. intraserra'ta, B. anguli superioris scapulae. B. 
intratendin'ea olec'rani, B. within tendon of triceps 
extensor cubiti. B. ischiad'ica, B. between obturator 
interims and lesser sciatic notch. B. 1. glute'i max'- 
imi, B. between inferior margin of gluteus maximus 
and tuberosity of ischium. B. latis'simi dor'si, B. 
between tendon of latissimus dorsi and inferior angle 
of scapula. B. malle'oli exter'ni, subcutaneous b. 
over external malleolus. B. m. inter'na, subcutaneous 
b. over internal malleolus. B. metacar'pea ulna'ris, 
subcutaneous b. over head of fifth metacarpal bone. 
B. muco'sa, see Bursse mucosae. B. mus'culi glute'i 
in tu'bere is'chii, B. ischiadici glutei maximi. B. 
obturato'ris exter'ni, B. between obturator externus 
and capsule of hip-joint. B. o. inter'ni, B. obturato- 
ris interni ovalis. B. o. inter'ni circumflex'a, B. 
ischiadica. B. o. i. ova'lis, B. between tendon of 
obturator and gemelli. B. olec'rani, subcutaneous b. 
over olecranon. B. omenta'lis, cavity formed by 
peritoneum in great omentum. B. omen'ti majo'ris, 
cavity of great' omentum. B. o. mino'ris, cavity of 
lesser omentum. B. o'mo-hyoi'dei, B. between sterno- 
mastoid and middle tendon of omo-hyoid. B. ova'- 
rica, shallow depression in broad ligament of uterus, 
near ovary. B. palma'ris lon'gi, occasional b. be- 
tween origin of palmaris lougus muscle and capsule 
of hip-joint. B. patel'lse or patella'ris, subcutaneous 
b. over patella. B. patel'lse amplifica'ta, knee, house- 
maid's. B. patella'ris latera'lis or B. p. 1. exter'na, 
occasional b. between lateral expansions of tendons 
of quadriceps cruris and patella. B. p. 1. inter'na, B 
between inner lateral expansion of tendon of quad- 
riceps and patella. B. p. prseligamento'sa, B. be- 
tween fascia and ligament of patella. B. p. profun'da, 
B. praepatellaris subaponeurotica. B. p. subcuta'nea, 
B. prsepatellaris subcutanea. B. pectine'a, B. between 
insertion of pectineus and femur. B. pectora'lis 
mino'ris, B. beneath tendon of pectoralis minor 
muscle. B. peronseo'rum commu'nis, B. between 
pe ronei tendons and inferior part of fibula. B. 
166 
BURSA 
perone'i lon'gi, sac over tendon of peroneus longus 
at calcaneum. B. pharynge'a, pouch in mucous mem- 
brane of back part of pharynx in middle line. B. 
phren'ico-hepat'ica ante'rior, B. between left lateral 
ligament of liver and under surface of diaphragm in 
front. B. p.-h. poste'rior, occasional b. between left 
lateral ligament of liver and under surface of dia- 
phragm behind. B. planta'ris in capit'ulo os'sis 
metatar'si primi and quinti, subcutaneous bursa 
on sole beneath heads of first and fifth metatarsal 
bones. B. poplite'a, B. beneath popliteus muscle and 
on capsule of knee-joint and external tuberosity of 
tibia. B. postcalca'nea profun'da, B. calcanea. B. 
p. superficia'lis or subcuta'nea, B. between tendo 
Achillis and deep fascia. B. postgenua'lis exter'na, 
B. gastrocnemialis externa. B. praeligamento'sa, B. 
over ligamentum patellae. B. prsementa'lis, subcu- 
taneous b. at inferior margin of symphysis of chin. 
B. prsepatella'ris latera'lis inter'na subligamento'- 
sa, B. between internal lateral ligament of knee- 
joint and capsules of joint. B. p. me'dia, B. between 
fascia over patella and quadriceps aponeurosis. B. 
p. media'lis profun'da, B. subligamento-interna. 
B. p. m. superficia'lis, B. patellaris lateralis interna. 
B. p. pri'ma, subcutaneous b. in front of patella. B. 
p. profun'da, B. pnepatellaris subaponeurotica. B. p. 
secun'da, B. praepatellaris subfascialis. B. p. sub- 
aponeurot'ica or subtendino'sa, B. between aponeu- 
rosis of extensors and front of patella. B. p. subcu- 
ta'nea, subcutaneous b. beneath aponeurosis over 
patella. B. p. subfascia'lis, B. between fascia of 
patella and aponeurosis of extensors of leg. B. p. 
superficia'lis, B. prsepatellaris subcutanea. B. p. 
ter'tia, B. prsepatellaris subaponeurotica. B. praespi- 
no'sa, B. over tuberosity of tibia. B. praethyroi'dea, 
occasional b. between skin and superior portion of 
thyroid cartilage. B. praetibia'lis, B. praetubero'sa, 
B. prespinosa. B. pyrifor'mis, B. beneath tendon 
of insertion of pyriformis muscle. B. quadra'ti 
fem'oris, B. between quadratus femoris and tro- 
chanter minor. B. radia'lis or ra'dio-bicipita'lis, 
B. between tendon of biceps and tuberosity of radius. 
B. r. subcuta'nea, B. over styloid process of radius. 
B. retrocondyloi'dea exter'na me'dia, B. bicipito- 
gastrocnemialis. B. r. e. profun'da or B. r. e. pro'- 
pria, B. gastrocnemialis externa. B. r. e. subcuta'- 
nea or superficia'lis, subcutaneous b. over sesamoid 
bone in tendon of external head of gastrocnemius 
muscle. B. r. inter'na, B. gastrocnemialis interna. 
B. re'tro-epitrochlea'ris, occasional b. between triceps 
extensor muscle and ulnar nerve behind, and internal 
condyle of humerus and capsule of elbow-joint in 
front. B. sac'culi lacryma'lis, B. between lacrymal 
sac and internal palpebral ligament. B. sacra'lis, B. 
over spinous process of fourth or fifth sacral vertebra, 
or over articulation of sacrum and coccyx. B. sar- 
to'rii pro'pria, B. between tendon of sartorius and 
femur. B. semimembrano'sa, B. between lateral 
part of semimembranosus tendon and inner condyle 
of tibia; also, B. gastrocnemialis interna. B. semi- 
membrano'so-gastrocnemia'lis, inferior part of B. 
gastrocnemialis interna. B. semitendino'sa-bicipi- 
ta'lis in tu'bere is'chii, B. between conjoined tendon 
of semitendinosus and biceps and tuberosity of ischium. 
B. sero'sa, B. communicating with cavity of joint. 
B. si'nus tar'si, B. occasionally found between fascia 
over extensor longus digitorum and head of astragalus. 
B. spi'nse scap'ulae, B. over spine of scapula, caused 
by carrying heavy weights. B. s. sphenoi'dese, B. 
between spine of sphenoid bone and capsule of tem- 
poro-maxillary joint. B. ster'no-hyoi'dei, B. be- 
tween insertion of sterno-hyoid muscle and hyoid 
bone. B. sty'lo-hyoi'dei, B. under insertion of 
stylo-hyoid muscle. B. subachille'a, B. calcanea. B. 
subacromia'lis, upper part of B. deltoidea on muscles 
of shoulder-joint. B. subcalca'nea, B. between in- 
ferior surface of calcaneum and plantar fascia. B. 
subcla'via, B. costo-clavicularis. B. subcoracoi'dea, 
occasional b. between subscapularis muscle and 
subscapularis bursa; also B. coraco-brachialis and B. 
scapularis. B. subcrura'lis, B. between quadriceps BURSA 
extensor and inferior portion of front surface of femur 
above patella. B. subcuta'nea calca'nei, B. subcal- 
canea. B. s. capit'uli ul'nse, B. over styloid process 
of ulna. B. s. con'dyli radia'lis hu'meri or condy- 
loi'dea humeri exter'na, B. epicondyli. B. s. con'- 
dyli ulna'ris hu'meri or condylo'i'dea hu'meri in- 
ter'na, B. epitrochlei. B. s. ge'nu, B. praeligamentosa. 
B. s. latis'simi dor'si, B. between skin and lumbar 
aponeurosis. B. s. malle'oli exter'na or latera'lis, 
subcutaneous b. over external malleolus. B. s. m. 
inter'na or media'lis, subcutaneous b. over internal 
malleolus. B. s. olec'rani, B. olecrani. B. s. tu'- 
beris is'chli, subcutaneous b. over tuberosity of 
ischium. B. subdeltoi'dea, B. acromialis. B. sub- 
fascia'lis, B. between superficial insertion of quad- 
riceps and inferior part of fascia lata. B. subge- 
mella'ris, B. pyriformis. B. subhyoi'dea, B. between 
hyoid bone and conjoined insertion of sterno-hyoid, 
omo-hyoid, and stylo-hyoid muscles, and thyro-hyoid 
membrane. B. subili'aca, B. under tendon of ilio- 
psoas muscle covering ilio-pectineal tubercle, anterior 
surface of pubes, and capsule of hip-joint. B. sub- 
ligamen'to-inter'na, B. between internal lateral lig- 
ament of knee-joint and capsule of joint. B. sub- 
ligamento'sa, B. subpatellaris. B. sublingua'lis, B. 
between tongue and mucous membrane. B. sub- 
mamma'ria, B. between mammary gland and pec- 
toralis major. B. subpatella'ris, B. between tendon 
of quadriceps extensor and front of tibia. B. sub- 
scapula'ris, B. between subscapularis muscle and 
coracoid process and neck of scapula. B. subtendin'ea 
brachia'lis anti'ci, B. between tendon of insertion 
of brachialis anticus and coronoid process. B. s. 
extenso'ris car'pi radia'lis brevio'ris, B. under ten- 
don at its insertion into third metacarpal bone. B. s. 
e. c. r. longio'ris, B. under tendon at its insertion 
into second metacarpal bone. B. s. e. lon'gi hallu'- 
cis, B. extensoris hallucis brevis. B. s. flexo'ris 
car'pi ulna'ris, B. carpina volaris. B. s. ili'aci, 
occasional b. between tendon of insertion of ilio-psoas 
muscle and femur. B. s. infraspina'ti, B. brachialis 
infraspinata. B. s. olec'rani, B. above olecranon, in 
front or at side of triceps extensor tendon. B. s. 
pectora'lis majo'ris, B. between tendon of pectoralis 
major and b. bicipitis and tendon of latissimus dorsi. 
B. s. p. mino'ris, occasional b. beneath insertion of 
pectoralis minor. B. s. perone'i ter'tii, B. beneath 
tendon of that muscle at its insertion upon head of 
fifth metacarpal bone. B. s. sarto'rii, B. between ten- 
don of sartorius and femur. B. s. subscapula'ris, 
occasional b. between tendon of subscapularis and cap- 
sule of shoulder-joint. B. s. tenso'ris fas'cise lat'ae, 
B. between ilio-tibial band and capsule of knee-joint. 
B. s. tere'tis mino'ris, B. beneath tendon of teres 
minor. B. s. tibia'lis anti'ci, B. beneath tendon of 
that muscle at insertion. B. s. tricip'itis brach'ii, 
B. subtendinea olecrani. B. supra-acetabula'ris, B. 
between head of rectus femoris and upper border of 
acetabulum. B. supra-acromia'lis, occasional b. over 
acromion process. B. supra-ancone'aintratendino'sa, 
B. intratendinea olecrani. B. supracondyloi'dea 
inter'na or media'lis, B. between inner tendon of 
gastrocnemius muscle and femur. B. supragenua'lis, 
B. subcruralis. B. suprahyoi'dea, B. between supe- 
rior surface of hyoid bone and genio-hyo-glossi mus- 
cles. B. suprapatella'ris, B. subcruralis; B. inter- 
muscularis extensoris cruris; also b. occasionally 
found in shoemakers above the knee. B. suprapu'- 
bica, B. beneath rectus abdominis at its attachment 
to pubes. B. supraxiphoi'dea, subcutaneous b. over 
ensiform cartilage. B., syno'vial, gray sac. B. tar'- 
sica subcuta'nea, subcutaneous b. on dorsal surface 
of foot. B. ten'dinis bicip'itis cru'ris, B. bicipitis 
cruris. B. t. poplite'i, B. between external lateral 
ligament of knee-joint and tendon of popliteus. B. 
tendino'sa radia'lis, sheath surrounding tendon of 
long flexor of thumb. B. t. ulna'ris, sheath sur- 
rounding tendons of deep and superficial flexors 
of fingers in wrist and palm. B.tenso'ris fas'ciae 
lat'se, B. subtendinea tensoris fasciae lata;. B. t. 
ligamen'ti annula'ris ra'dii ante'rior, B. palmaris 
167 
BURS/E 
longi. B. t. ve'li palati'ni, B. circumflexi palati. 
B. tere'tis majo'ris, between tendon of insertion 
of teres major and lesser tuberosity of humerus. 
B. tes'tium, scrotum. B. thy'ro-hyoi'dea, B. sub- 
hyoidea. B. thyroi'dea latera'lis, between inferior 
constrictor muscle and greater cornu of thyroid 
cartilage. B. thyro-trachea'lis, between isthmus 
of thyroid gland and trachea. B. tibia'lis anti'ci, 
B. beneath tendon of tibialis anticus at its insertion. 
B. t. inter'na, B. anserina. B. t. subcuta'nea, sub- 
cutaneous b. over upper end of tibia. B. trape'zii, 
B. between aponeuroses of trapezius and base of spine 
of scapula. B. trochanter'ica glute'i or B. t. g. max'- 
imi, B. trochanterica profunda. B. t. g. me'dii ante'- 
rior, B. glutei medii anterior. B. t. g. m. posterior, 
B. glutei medii posterior. B. t. g. min'imi, B. glutei 
minimi. B. t. profun'da, B. between tendon of 
gluteus maximus and posterior and external portions 
of great trochanter. B. t. superficia'lis, B. subcu- 
tanea trochanteris majoris. B. trochlea'ris oc'uli, 
B. in pulley of superior oblique muscle of eye. B. 
tubero'so-ischiad'ica, B. ischiadica. B. ulna'ris 
inter'na, B. between pisiform bone and tendon of 
flexor carpi ulnaris. B. ulna'ris subcuta'nea, B. 
subcutanea capituli ulnae. B. ulno-radia'lis, B. be- 
tween tendon of biceps flexor cubiti and radial tuber- 
osity externally, and ulna and contiguous muscle in- 
ternally. B. vagina'lis, synovial sheath. B. v. 
abducto'ris lon'gi and extenso'ris bre'vis pol'licis 
surround tendons of these muscles. B. v. ante'rior 
extenso'ris lon'gi hallu'cis, anterior sheath of that 
muscle over first metatarso-phalangeal joint. B. v. 
extenso'ris car'pi ulna'ris, sheath of that muscle. 
B. v. e. lon'gi digito'rum pe'dis, sheath for tendons 
of that muscle. B. v. e. 1. hallu'cis, sheath for that 
muscle. B. v. e. 1. pol'licis, separate sheath for that 
extensor muscle. B. v. e. min'imi dig'iti, small 
sheath for tendon of that muscle. B. v. extenso'- 
rum car'pi radialo'rum, common sheath of such ex- 
tensor muscles. B. v. e. commu'nis et in'dicis, 
synovial covering of tendons of common extensor 
and extensor of forefinger. B. v. flexo'ris car'pi 
radia'lis, B. on tendon of that muscle. B. v. f. lon'gi 
digito'rum, synovial sheath for tendon of that mus- 
cle. B. v. f. 1. hal'lucis, sheath surrounding tendon 
of that muscle behind internal malleolus. B. v. 
pectora'lis mino'ris, B. around tendon of pectoralis 
minor. B. v. perone'i, sheath of peroneal tendons 
behind external malleolus. B. v. p. lon'gi, sheath of 
tendon of that muscle in groove of cuboid. B. v. 
tibia'lis anti'ci, sheath around tendon of that mus- 
cle. B. v. t. posti'ci, sheath surrounding tendon of 
that muscle. B. ver'tebrae prominen'tis, B. be- 
tween skin and spinous process of seventh cervical 
vertebra. B. vesicula'ris glute'i me'dii, B. glutei 
medii anterior. B. viri'lis. scrotum. 
Bursse (pl. of Bursa) abducto'ris min'imi dig'iti 
pe'dis, B. between that muscle and seasamoid bone 
of peroneus longus; also b. between that muscle 
and tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone. B. aor'tico- 
trachea'les, B. between aorta and trachea. B. dor- 
sa'les profun'dse or subtendin'ese, B. between ten- 
dons of extensor muscles and capsules of metacarpo- 
phalangeal or metatarso-phalangeal joints. B. d. 
subcuta'nese or superflcia'les, B. beneath skin of 
dorsum of foot and hand. B. glute'i max'imi or 
glute'o-femora'les, B. between tendons of gluteus 
maximus and femur. B. intermetacar'po-phalan'- 
gese, B. between heads of second, third, fourth, and 
fifth metacarpal bones. B. intermetatar'so-phalan'- 
geae, B. between metatarso-phalangeal joints. B. 
interos'sese, B. between tendons of interossei muscles 
and metacarpo-phalangeal joint; B. between interos- 
sei muscles and metatarso-phalangeal joint. B. lum- 
brica'lium pe'dis, B. between lumbricales muscles 
of foot. B. masseter'icse, B. between masseter and 
structures beneath. B. mucilagino'sse, B. mucosse. 
B. muco'sse, Synovial crypts or follicles. Small mem- 
branous sacs situated about joints, particularly large 
ones of upper and lower extremities, and, for most 
part, lying under tendons. They are naturally filled BURSAL 
with oily kind of fluid, to lubricate surfaces over 
which tendons play. The bursse are, generally, either 
roundish or oval, and arranged under two classes, 
Spherical and Vaginal. B. phalan'gese dorsa'les, 
subcutaneous b. on dorsal surface of phalangeal 
joints. B. semimembrano'sse in tu'bere isch'ii, B. 
between tendon of semimembranosus and quadratus 
femoris muscles'. B. subcuta'neae dorsa'les artic'- 
uli metacar'po-phalan'gei, B. between skin and ex- 
tensor tendons over metacarpo-phalangeal articula- 
tions. B. s. vola'res artic'uli metacar'po-phalan'- 
gei, B. between skin and fat and the flexor tendon with 
its sheath. B. s. v. phalan'gis pri'mse, B. between 
skin and tissue beneath and flexor tendon in front 
of first phalanx. B. submus'culo pedise'o, B. under 
extensor brevis digitorum pedis muscle. B. subten- 
din'ese dorsa'les artic'uli metacar'po-phalan'gei, 
B. between extensor tendons on dorsum of hand and 
metacarpo-phalangeal j oints. 
Bur'sal. Relating to bursa or scrotum. 
Bursalis, bur-sal'is. Bursal-, obturator internus. 
Bursalogy, bur-sal'o-je. Treatise on, dr description 
of, bursae. 
Bursera acuminata (bur-se'rah ak-u-min-at'ah) or 
gummif'era (after Burser, Neapolitan botanist). Ja- 
maica hark tree, resinous exudation from which has 
been used like balsams and turpentines in general. 
Bur'sin. Yellow substance derived from Capsella 
bursa pastoris; astringent, styptic, and used subcuta- 
neously as substitute for ergot. 
Bursi'tis. Inflammation of a bursa. See Synovitis. 
Burst (ruptured). Hernia, hernial. 
Bursula, bur'su-lah (dim. of Bursa). Scrotum. 
Bur'wart. Ranunculus acris. 
Bur'weed. Xanthium. 
Bush, Jew. Pedilanthus tithymaloides. 
Busk, diam'eter of. Diameter between ear and 
bregma. B., horizon'tal plane of, plane through 
middle point of upper edge of external meatus, verti- 
cal to plane passing through such points and bregma. 
Bus'tum (burnt). Crematory or cremation. Dead 
body. 
Butal'amine. Derivative from spleen or pancreas 
of ox. 
Butch'er's broom. Ruscus aculeatus. 
Butea frondosa, bu'te-ah fron-do'sah (after John, 
earl of Bute). Tree common in Bengal and India, 
nat. ord. Leguminosse, from which gum butea flows. 
Vermifuge and cathartic; leaves are astringent, 
tonic; flowers are astringent and diuretic. B. gum, 
B. frondosa. B. ki'no, B. frondosa. B. parviflo'ra, 
Indian shrub; gum is used in colic and hysteria. 
Butter, but'ur (bous, ox, turoo, to make into cheese). 
Unctuous substance or concrete oil obtained from 
cream forming on surface of milk furnished by fe- 
males of mammalia, especially by cow and goat. 
Employed as substitute for oils in treatment of 
rickets, etc. Vegetable substances resembling butter 
obtained from milk also receive this name. Essential 
fatty matter in it is butyrin or butyrat of glycerin. See 
Butyric acid. B. of an'timony, antimonium muriatum. 
B., artific'ial, oleomargarine. B. of ca'coa, Oil of 
cacao, Oil of theobroma. Concrete oil, of sweet and 
agreeable taste, obtained from kernels of fruit of 
Theobroma cacao or chocolate nut. Being firm and 
fusible, it is adapted to serve as a constituent of sup- 
positories. B. of co'coa, fatty, concrete substance 
separating from milk of cocoanut. B. and eggs, 
Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. B. ko'kum, see Garcinia 
purpurea. B. of nut'megs, see Myristica. B. teeth, 
incisive teeth. B. tree, Bassia butyracea, B. latifolia, 
and B. Parkii. B. weed, Erigeron Canadense. B. 
wort, Pinguicola vulgaris. B. of zinc, zinc chloride. 
But'tercup. Ranunculus acris and R. bulbosus. 
Butterfly (but'ur-fli) lu'pus. Lupus erythemato- 
sus of nose. B. weed, Asclepias tuberosa. 
Buttermilk, but'ur-milk. Thin, sour milk separated 
from cream by churning; contains caseum and a little 
butter. Refreshing drink when newly made. 
But'ternut. Juglans cinerea. 
168 
BYTTNERIACE>E 
Buttock, but'ok. Nates. B. hump, steatopyga. 
Button, Biskra, but'un, bisk'rah. Aleppo boil. B. 
bush, Cephalanthus occidentalis. B. cau'tery, see 
Cautery. B. of hair, see Hair. B. of Na'ples, bubo. 
B. scur'vy, epidemic cachectic affection in Ireland; 
indolent button-like growths of corpus papillare of 
skin; allied to frambcesia. B. snake'root, Liatris 
spicata; Eryngium aquaticum. B. su'ture, see Su- 
ture, twisted. 
But'tonhole frac'ture, Fracture. B. operation, 
see Boutonniere. 
But'tonwood shrub. Cephalanthus occidentalis. 
Butua, bu'tu-ah. Pareira brava. 
Butyl (bu'til) chlo'ral hy'drate. Croton-chloral hy- 
drate from action of chlorine on aldehyde. C4H5CI3- 
OjHaO. Chloral butylicum; analgesic and hypnotic; 
employed in neuralgia and insomnia. B. chlo'ride, 
colorless fluid; anaesthetic; effects similar to amyl 
chloride. B. hy'dride, carbohydrogen derived from 
rectified American petroleum; gaseous, condensable 
into liquid. Inhaled, produces sleep and unconscious- 
ness, resembling nitrous oxide in action; if long con- 
tinued, asphyxia results from exclusion of air. 
Butyl'amine. C4H11N. Ptomaine found in cod- 
liver oil; colorless alkaline liquid. It stimulates action 
of the skin and kidneys, and in large doses is narcotic 
and produces vomiting. See Ptomaines (table). 
Butyli (bu'til-e) chloraTum hydra'tum. Chloral 
butylicum. 
Buty'phus (bous, ox). Cattle-plague. 
Butyraceous, but-ir-a'shus (butyrum, butter). Re- 
sembling butter. 
Bu'tyrate of gly'cerin. See Butter. 
Butyric acid, bu-tir'ik as'id. CiHsOa. Liquid 
fatty acid in perspiration, muscle-juice, and asso- 
ciated with glycerin and butter, odor of which, 
when rancid, is due to free acid. See Butter and Ba- 
cillus butyricus. B. e'ther, ethyl butyrate. 
Butyrin, bu'tir-in. See Butter. 
Butyroid tumor, bu'tir-oid tu'mor. Form of milk 
tumor of breast, contents of which resemble butter. 
Butyrum, bu'tir-um. Butter. B. amygdala'rum 
dul'cium, confection (almond). B. antimo'nii, anti- 
monium chloride. B. ca'coa, butter of cacoa. B. 
lau'ri, oil of laurel. B. nucis'tse, oil of nutmeg. B. 
satur'ni, unguentum plumbi superacetatis. B. zin'ci, 
zinci chloridum. 
Buxine, buks'een. Alkaloid found in leaves and 
bark of Buxus sempervirens; identical with bebeerin. 
Antiperiodic and antipyretic in doses of gr. xv-xxx. 
Buxus (buks'us) sempervi'rens. Box tree, in- 
digenous in Europe; root, bark, and leaves are used 
for worms, dyspepsia, etc., and are also diaphoretic 
and antisyphilitic. 
Byne, be'ne. Malt. 
Byrethrum, be-re'thrum. Sort of cap or couvre- 
chef filled with cephalic substances. 
Byrsa, bir'sah (bursa, hide). Skin to spread plas- 
ters upon. Bursa. 
Byrsodep'sicum princip'ium. Tannin. 
Byrsonima chrysophylla, bir-son'im-ah kris-o-fil'- 
lah. Tree of Cayenne; bark is astringent, tonic, and 
antipyretic. B. Cumingia'na, Panama tree; bark is 
used in skin diseases. B. spica'ta, tree of W. Indies 
and S. America ; bark and fruit are astringent. 
Bysauchen, bis-aw'ken (buo, to stop up, auchen, 
neck). Morbidly stiff neck. One with short neck. 
Byssinosis, bis-sin-o'sis (bussos, flax). Develop- 
ment of pulmonary disease from inhalation of fine 
particles of cotton, as phthisis from cotton-spinning, 
byssophthisis; see Pneumoconiosis. 
Byssocausis, bis-so-kaw'sis (byssus, kausis, burning). 
Use of cotton moxa. 
Byssophthisis, bis-so-te'sis. See Byssinosis and 
Pneumoconiosis. 
Bys'sus. Vegetable substance used for fabrication 
of fine and rare stuffs; cotton; charpie. Vulva. 
Bythus, bith'us (depth). Fundus of stomach. 
Byttneriacese, bit-ner-e-ah'se-e. Natural order 
of plants, including Theobroma cacao. c 
169 
CACHEXIA 
c. 
C. In chemical alphabet signifies nitre; also used 
for calx, carbon, centigrade, and cylindrical lens. 
Caa. Ilex Paraguayensis, mate. Generic name, in 
Brazil, for an herb. C.-ap'ia is emetic and anti- 
diarrhoeic. C.-atay'a, plant of Brazil having cath- 
artic properties. 
Caape'ba. Pareira brava, Pothomorpha peltata, 
and P. umbellata. 
Caaponga, kah-ah-pon'gah. Crithmum mariti- 
mum. 
Caaro'ba. Brazilian tree; leaves, in decoction, 
promote perspiration. See Caroba and Ceratonia. 
Cabal, kab-al'. Knowledge transmitted by tradi- 
tion ; art of knowing most occult properties of bodies 
by inspiration or supernatural media; ars cabalistica 
or signata. 
Cabalist, kab'al-ist. One instructed or versed in 
cabalistic art. 
Caballation (kab-al-la'shun) or Cabal'lion. Cyno- 
glossum. 
Caballine aloes, kab'al-ene al'oze (caballus, horse). 
Impure aloes, used by veterinary surgeons. 
Cabalonga, kab-ah-lon'gah (Sp.). Seeds of Strych- 
nos Ignatii. 
Cabbage, kab'aj. Brassica. C. bark or bas'tard, 
bark of Andira inermis. C., cow, Nymphaea odorata. 
C. Irish, Dracontium foetidum. C. rose, Rosa centi- 
folia. C., skunk, Dracontium foetidum. C., swamp, 
D. foetidum. C. tree, Geoffraea inermis. C., water, 
Nymphaea odorata. 
Cabbage-bark tree. Geoffraea inermis. 
Cabbagium (kab-baj'e-um) or Cabba'gius. Geof- 
fraea inermis. 
Cabinet, kab'in-et. Chamber; museum. C., pneu- 
matic, air-tight chamber, having in it an apparatus 
for compressing the contained air, for treatment of 
affections of the chest. 
Caburei'ba or Cabureici'ba. See Myroxylon Peru- 
if erum. 
Cacaemia, kak-e'me-ah (caco, haima, blood). Faulty 
or morbid condition of the blood. 
Cacaemic, kak-e'mik (same etymon). Affected with 
cacaemia. 
Cacaerometer, kak-a-er-om'et-ur (kakos, bad, aer, 
air, metron, measure). Instrument for measuring 
quantity of deleterious matter in depraved air. 
Cacsesthe'sia, Cacaesthesis (kak-ees-the'sis), Caca- 
aesthe'sis, or Cacoaesthe'sis (caco, aisthesis, feeling). 
Morbid sensation, indisposition, paraesthesia, pseud- 
aesthesia. 
Cacagogue (kak'a-gog) or Cac'cagogue (kakke, ex- 
crement, ago, to expel). Cathartic. 
Cacalexiteria, kak-al-eks-it-e're-ah (caco, alexo, to 
ward off). Alexiteria. 
Cacalia Alpina, kak-ah'le-ah al-pe'nah. Used in 
bronchitis and bronchorrhcea. C. anteuphor'bium, 
plant which tempers the caustic properties of eu- 
phorbium. C. hasta'ta, Siberian plant; purgative. 
C. Klein'ii, Indian plant; alterative. 
Cacanthrax, kak-an'thraks. Malignant anthrax. 
See Anthrax. 
Cacao (ka'ka-o) or Cacoa, ka'ko. Cocoa or choco- 
late-nut ; fruit of Theobroma cacao; see Chocolate. C. 
but'ter, oil of theobroma. 
Cacaostearin, kak-ah-o-ste'ar-in. Oil of theo- 
broma. 
Cacaphonia, kak-ah-fo'ne-ah (kakos, bad, phone, 
sound). Harsh, disagreeable sound or voice. 
Cacaphrodite, kak-af-ro-de'te (kakos, evil, Aphro- 
dite, Venus). Syphilis. 
Cacaphthaa, kak-af'the. Malignant form of aphthae. 
Cacation, kak-a'shun (caco, to go to stool). Def- 
ecation. 
Cacato'ria. Diarrhoea. 
Cacatory, kak'a-to-re. Having alvine discharges ; 
as cacatory fever, fever accompanied with copious al- 
vine evacuations. 
Cacava'ta. Cacao. 
Caca'vl. Cacao, Jatropha manihot, cassava. 
Caccagogue, kak'a-gog. Cathartic. 
Cacce, kak'ke. Excrement. 
Caccobacteria, kak-ko-bak-te're-ah. Term em- 
ployed at one time to signify micro-organisms too 
oval in shape to be classed as micrococci, and too short 
in their long diameter to be considered as bacilli. 
Cacenteria, kak-en-ter'e-ah (kakos, evil, enteron, 
intestine). Depraved condition of the bowels. 
Cacephebotesia, kak-ef-a-bo-ta'ze-ah (caco, ephe- 
botes, puberty). Morbid puberty. Disease occurring 
at puberty. 
Cachaemic, kak-e/mik. Cacaemic. 
Cachalot, kash'ahl-o. See Cetaceum. 
Cacha'na. Root of balsamic Mexican plant. 
Cachec'tes. A cachectic individual. 
Cachectic, kak-ek'tik (same etym. as Cachexia). 
One attacked with cachexia. Relating to cachexia. 
Remedy for cachectic condition. C. diseases, con- 
stitutional diseases-gout, scrofula, tuberculosis, for 
example. 
Cachelcoma (kak-el-ko'mah) or Cachelcosis, kak- 
el-ko'sis (caco, helkos, ulcer). Malignant ulcer. 
Cachets (F.), kash-a'. Wafers enclosing medicinal 
articles. 
Cachexia (kak-eks'e-ah) or Cachex'y (caco, hexis, 
habit). Condition in which the system of nutrition 
is depraved; bad habit of body, chiefly result of 
scorbutic, cancerous, tuberculous, or venereal dis- 
ease. Term sometimes confounded with diathesis. 
See Chthonophagia, Chlorosis, Distoma, Anchylostomum, 
etc. C. Africa'na, affection resembling anaemia of 
miners. C., alcohol'ic, constitutional effects of ex- 
cessive use of alcoholic drinks. C. aquo'sa, anaemia 
with dropsy, seen in lower animals. C., arsen'- 
ical, chronic poisoning from arsenic. C. calculo'- 
sa, lithiasis. C., can'cerous or carcinom'atous, see 
Cancer. C., car'diac, chlorotic condition observed in 
some forms of chronic heart disease. C., chlorot'ic, 
chlorosis. C., drunk'ard's, C., alcoholic. C. dys- 
thet'ica, dyscrasia. C. exophthal'mica, exophthal- 
mic goitre. C. icter'ica, jaundice, icterus. C., jail, 
deteriorated organic actions induced by confine- 
ment in prisons. C., lead, constitutional effects of 
chronic lead-poisoning; saturnism. C. Londinen'sis, 
impaired health or nutrition said to occur in inhabit- 
ants of London ; seen also in those of other crowded 
cities. C. lymphat'ica farcimino'sa, see Equinia. 
C., mala'rial or marsh, state of cachexy observed in 
malarious districts; constitutional sequences of ma- 
larial fever. C., mercu'rial, constitutional effect of 
chronic mercurial poisoning, as anaemia, arthritic 
pain, emaciation, etc. C., ne'gro, C., African. C., 
os'teal, cachectic condition of children in which 
long bones become painful and swollen. C., pachy- 
der'mic, myxcedema. C., palu'dal or palus'tris, 
C., malarial. C., perios'teal, C., osteal. C. rena'lis, 
kidney, Bright's disease of. C. saturni'na, lead 
colic; saturnism. C., scorbu'tic, C. from scurvy; 
see Purpura. C. scrophulo'sa, see Scrofula. C. sple'- 
nica, splenic leucocythaemia, a scorbutic cachexia 
often accompanying diseases, especially enlargement 
of spleen ; splenalgia Bengalensis in India, leukaemia, 
pseudo-leucocythaemia. G. strumipri'va, myxcedema 
or condition allied to it. C., stru'mous, scrofula. 
C., syphilit'ica, anaemic condition due to syphilitic 
poison. C., tuber'cular, condition of health causative 
of or resultant from tubercular disease. 0. u'teri or 
uteri'na, fluor albus. C. vene'rea, syphilis. C., ve'- 
nous, venosity. C., verm'inous, constitutional effect 
of worms in intestine, as anaemia, etc. C. vir'ginum, 
chlorosis. CACHEXY 1 
Cachex'y. Cachexia. 
Cachinnation, kak-in-na'shun (cachinno, to laugh 
aloud). Tendency to immoderate laughter, as in 
hysterical and maniacal affections. 
Cachlex, kak'leks. Small pebble from the sea- 
shore, which, when heated in fire and cooled in 
whey, communicates astringency to that liquid; 
used in dysentery. 
Cachociiylous, kak-o-ky'lus. See Cacochylia. 
Cachrys (kak'ris) Libano'tis. Umbelliferous plant 
growing in Africa and south of Europe; aromatic and 
astringent. C. marit'ima, Crithmum maritimum. 
C. odontaVgica, plant of S. Europe and Asia; seeds 
are used for toothache. 
Caco, kak'o (abbr. of Kakos, bad). In composition 
means bad or defective. (See words beginning with 
Kako.) 
Cacoa, ka'ko. Cacao. C., but'ter of, oil of theo- 
broma. 
Cacoaesthesis, kak-o-ees-the'sis. Cacsesthesis. 
Cacoalexiteria, kak-o-al-eks-it-a're-ah (caco, alexeo, 
to ward off). Alexipharmic. 
Cacocholia, kak-o-kol'e-ah (caco, chole, bile). De- 
praved condition of bile. 
Cacochrcea, kak-o-kre'ah (kakos, evil, chroia, color). 
Change in color of skin from disease. 
Cacochroi (kak'o-kroi) or Cao'ochri (caco, chroa, 
color). Diseases in which the complexion is mor- 
bidly changed in color. 
Cacochylia, kak-o-kil'e-ah (caco, chulos, chyle). 
Depraved chylification; hence Cacochy'lous, indigest- 
ible. 
Cacochymia, kak-o-kim'e-ah (caco, chumos, juice). 
Depravation of humors; disordered chymification. 
C. plum'bea, lead-poisoning. C. scorbu'tica, see 
Purpara. C. scrophulo'sa, scrofula. C. vene'rea, 
syphilis. 
Cacochymus, kak-ok'im-us. One attacked with 
cacochymia; belonging to cacochymia. 
Cacochymy, kak-ok'im-e. Cacochymia. 
Cacocnemus, kak-ok-ne'mus (caco, kneme, leg). 
One who has disease or defect of the legs-Cacocnemia. 
Cacocolpia, kak-o-kol'pe-ah (kakos, evil, kolpos, 
vagina). Gangrene of vagina or vulva. 
Cacocorema, kak-o-ko-re'mah (caco, koreo, to purge 
or cleanse). Medicine which purges off vitiated 
humors; purgative medicine. 
Cacocynanche, kak-o-sin-an'ke. Cynanche ma- 
ligna; malignant angina. 
Cacodsemon, kak-o-de'mon (caco, daimon, spirit). 
Evil spirit to which many disorders were ascribed; 
nightmare. 
Cacodaemonomania, kak - o - de - mon-o-man'e-ah. 
Demonomania. 
Cacodes, kak-o'des (caco, ozo, to smell). Having 
a bad smell. 
Cacodia, kak-o'de-ah (same etymon). Bad smell. 
Cacodontic, kak-o-don'tik (kakos, odous, tooth). 
Having bad teeth. 
Cacodyl, kak'o-dil. Alkarsin; offensive poisonous 
liquid from acetyl. 
Cacoethes, kak-o-a'thes (caco, ethos, disposition, 
habit). Bad or vitiated disposition or character. 
Cacoethia, kak-e'the-ah (same etymon). State of 
malignancy. 
Cacoethicus, kak-o-eth'ik-us. Having bad or viti- 
ated disposition or character. 
Cacogalactia (kak-o-ga-lak'te-ah) or Cacoga'lia 
(caco, gala, milk). Bad condition of milk. 
Cacogalac'tica. One suffering from vitiated con- 
dition of milk. 
Cacogenesis, kak-o-jen'es-is (caco, genesis, genera- 
tion). Morbid or monstrous formation; malformation. 
Cacoglossia, kak-o-glos'se-ah (kakos, glossa, tongue). 
Disordered tongue; gangrene of the tongue. 
Cacometra, kak-o-me'trah (caco, metra, uterus). 
Putrescency or gangrene of uterus. 
Cacomorphia, kak-o-mor'fe-ah (caco, morphe, shape). 
Malformation. 
Cacomorphosis, kak-o-mor-fo'sis. Malformation; 
development of diseased tissue. 
170 
CACOUCIA 
Caconsemia, kak-o-ne'me-ah (caco, nemo, to pas- 
ture). Milk sickness of cattle. 
Caconychia, kak-o-nik'e-ah (caco, onux, nail). 
Morbid condition of nail. 
Cacoparonychia, kak-o-par-on-ik'e-ali. See Paro- 
nychia. 
Cacopathia, kak-o-path-e'ah (caco, pathos, affec- 
tion). Distressed state of mind; malignant disease. 
Cacopharyngia, kak-o-far-in'je-ah (caco, pharunx). 
Gangrene of pharynx. 
Cacophonia, kak-o-fo'ne-ah (caco, phone, voice). 
Dissonant condition of voice. 
Cacophthalmia, kak-of-thal'me-ah (caco, ophthal- 
mias, eye). Gangrene or malignant disease of the eye. 
Cacoplasia, kak-o-plah'ze-ah (caco, plasso, to form). 
Formation of morbid tissues. See Cacoplastic. 
Cacoplastic, kak-o-plas'tik (caco, plasso, to form). 
Susceptible of only low degree of organization, as 
indurations resulting from low or chronic inflam- 
mation, fibro-cartilage, cirrhosis, etc.; opposite of 
euplastic. 
Cacopneumonia, kak-o-nu-mo'ne-ah. Gangrene 
of lung. 
Cacopragia (kak-o-prah'je-ah) or Cacoprax'is (caco, 
prasso, to perform). Depraved condition of organic 
functions. 
Cacoproc'tia (caco, proktos, anus). Gangrene of 
the rectum. 
Cacorrhachis (kak-or'rhak-is) or Cacorrhachitis, 
kak-or-rhak-e'tis (caco, rhachis, spine). Deformity 
or disease of spine. Spontaneous luxation of verte- 
brae and ribs, dependent upon internal causes. 
Cacorrhinia, kak-or-rhin'e-ah (caco, rhis, nose). 
Gangrene of the nose. 
Cacorrhythmic, kak-or-rhith'mik (caco, rhuthmos, 
rhythm). Irregular as to rhythm. 
Cacosis, kak-o'sis. Bad condition of body; dis- 
eased condition in general. 
Cacositia, kak-o-sit'e-ah (caco, sition, aliment). 
Disgust or aversion for food. 
Cacosmia, kak-oz'me-ah (kakos, bad, osme, smell). 
Offensive odor. 
Cacosomium, kak-o-so-me'um (caco, soma, body). 
Hospital for leprosy and incurable affections in gen- 
eral. 
Cacosomnia, kak-o-som'ne-ah (caco, somnus, sleep). 
Sleeplessness; restless sleep. 
Cacospermasia (kak-o-spur-mah'ze-ah), Cacosper- 
ma'tia, or Cacosper'mia (caco, sperma, sperm). Ab- 
normal condition of sperm. 
Cacosphyxia, kak-o-sfiks'e-ah (caco, sphuxis, pulse). 
Bad state of pulse. 
Cacosplanchnia, kak-o-splank'ne-ah (caco, splanch- 
non, viscus). Indigestion; emaciation dependent upon 
imperfect digestion. 
Cacostomachus, kak-o-stom'ak-us (caco, stomachos, 
stomach). That which disagrees with the stomach ; 
indigestible. 
Cacostomatosphresia, kak-o-stom-at-os-fra'ze-ah 
(caco, stoma, mouth, osphresis, smell). Offensive breath. 
Cacostomia, kak-o-stom'e-ah (caco, stoma, mouth). 
Gangrene of the mouth. 
Cacostomus, kak-os'tom-us (caco, stoma, mouth). 
Having diseased mouth or bad breath. 
Cacothanasia, kak-o-than-ah'ze-ah (caco, thanatos, 
death). Unnatural, painful, or distressing death. 
Cacothesis, kak-oth'es-is (kakos, thesis, position). 
Faulty position or attitude. 
Cacothymia, kak-o-thim'e-ah (caco, thumos, mind, 
disposition). Depraved state of mind; mental de- 
pression. 
Cacotribulus, kak-o-trib'u-lus. Centaurea calci- 
trapa. 
Cacotrichia, kak-o-trik'e-ah (caco, thrix, hair). 
Disease of the hair. 
Cacotrophia, kak-o-trof'e-ah (caco, trophe, nutri- 
tion). Disordered or defective nutrition. C. pilo'- 
rum, keratosis pilaris, lichen pilaris. 
Cacot'rophy. Cacotrophia. 
Cacoucia coccinea, kak-u'se-ah kok-sin'e-ah. Per- 
ennial shrub of S. America; emeto-cathartic. CACOZYME 
Cacozyme, kak'o-zime (fcafcos, zume, ferment). Dis- 
ease-producing ferment. 
Cactus, kak'tus. Cynara. C. grandlflo'ra, night- 
blooming cereus. Tincture is employed as a cardiac 
tonic in functional palpitation of the heart, probably 
from direct stimulation of the intracardiac ganglia. 
C. opun'tia, Indian fig, grows in S. America, Spain, 
Italy, etc.; fruit is sweetish and colors urine red 
when eaten ; leaves are refrigerant. 
Ca'cur. Fruit of Cucumis myriocarpus. 
Cada'ba. Genus of family Capparidaceae of India 
and Arabia; young shoots of C. farinosa are used as 
an antidote against venomous bites; also cathartic 
and antiseptic. C. In'dica is anthelmintic, cathartic, 
emmenagogue. 
Cadaver, kad-ah'vur. A dead body. 
Cadaveric, kad-av'ur-ik. Cadaverous. C. al'ka- 
loids, ptomaines. C. hyperae'mia, see Cadaverous. 
C. rigld'ity, rigidity occurring after death. C. soft'- 
ening of stom'ach, condition sometimes seen after 
death, in which the stomach is softened from post- 
mortem action of gastric juice. 
Cadaverine, kad-av'er-een. C5H14N2. Isomeric 
with saprine and neuridine and animal coniine; pto- 
maine in putrefying animal tissues occurring always 
in cultures in which thej vibrio is present, as heart, 
liver, or lungs, and from putrid eggs and albumin of 
blood; heavy syrupy liquid of offensive odor. It has 
power to excite suppuration and necrosis. See Pto- 
maines (table). 
Cadaverization, kad-av-er-i-za'shun. Condition 
which, in paleness, coldness, and loss of vital mani- 
festations, gives appearance of dead body, as in col- 
lapse of cholera; production of death. 
Cadaverous (kad-av'er-us) or Cadav'eric. Belong- 
ing to dead body; resembling dead body. C. or Hip- 
pocrat'ic face (see Face), unfavorable sign in disease, 
generally denoting fatal termination. C. hyperae'- 
mia, hypostatic hyperaemia observed in depending 
parts of dead body. 
Caddy insect, kad'de in'sekt. See Ectozoa. 
Cade. Juniperus oxycedrus. 
Cadet's fuming liquid. Cacodyl, alkarsin. 
Cadia (kah'de-ah) Arab'ica or purpu'rea. Egyp- 
tian leguminous plant, used in colic. 
Cadiva insania, kad-e'va in-sah'ne-ah (cadivus, 
falling). Epilepsy. 
Cadmia, kad'me-ah. Calamina, tutia. C. metal'- 
lica or nati'va, arsenic. 
Cadmii sulphas, kad-me'e sul'fas. Sulphate of 
cadmium; crystalline soluble salt, emetic; used in 
spots on cornea and in chronic torpid inflammation 
of conjunctiva, in quantity of half grain or grain 
to ounce of water; properties like sulphate of 
zinc. Nitrate of cadmium, in dose of one-eighth of 
grain, induces vomiting and purging. Iodide, white 
soluble salt, is said to possess all advantages of prep- 
arations of iodine; in ointment is used in scrofulous 
and other tumefactions. 
Cadmium (kad-me'um) ioda'tum. See Cadmii sul- 
phas. C., iodide (i'o-dide) of, see Cadmii sulphas. C. 
o'leate, see Oleates. C. sulphu'ricum, cadmii sulphas. 
Caduca, kad-u'ka. Decidua. C. Cras'sa, decidua 
vera. C. Hunte'ri, hun-te're, decidua. C. pas'sio, 
epilepsy. 
Caducity, kad-u'sit-e (cado, to fall). Old age; por- 
tion of human life preceding decrepitude. 
Caducus morbus, kad-u'kus mor'bus (cado, to fall). 
Epilepsy. 
Cadurcus, kad-ur'kus. Vulva. 
Cse'ca foram'ina. Foramina situate at fore and 
back parts of tuber annulare of brain and at extrem- 
ities of depression made by vertebral artery. 
Caecae haemorrhoides, se'se hem-or-ro-e'des (cascits, 
blind). Blind piles; those unaccompanied by dis- 
charge. 
Caecal, se'kal. Blind; closed at one extremity; 
belonging to caecum. Caecal arteries and veins are 
branches of arteriae and venae colicae dextrae inferi- 
ores, distributed to caecum. Caecal or blind extrem- 
ity of a duct is its closed termination. C. appen'dix, 
171 
CAESAREAN 
vermiform appendix of caecum. C. fos'sa, depression 
made by folds of peritoneum going to caecum. 
Casettas (se'se-tas) or Caecitu'do (caecus, blind). 
Cecity, blindness; may depend on many diseases, as 
amaurosis, hypopyon, cataract, glaucoma, ophthal- 
mia, atrophy of eye, etc. C. crepuscula'ris, hem- 
eralopia. C. diur'na, nyctalopia. C. mi'nor, amau- 
rosis. C. noctur'na, hemeralopia. C. verba'lis, 
word-blindness, or inability to understand written 
or printed words. See Aphasia. 
Csecitis, se-se'tis. Inflammation of the caecum; 
typhlitis, typhloenteritis. C., ster'coral, fecal vom- 
iting, frequently occurs in obstruction of the bowels. 
Caecitudo, se-se-tu'do. Caecitas. 
Caecum, se'kum {caecus, blind). Blind gut, so called 
from being open at one end only; portion of intes- 
tinal canal seated between termination of ileum and 
commencement of colon, filling almost wholly right 
iliac fossa, where peritoneum retains it immovably. 
Its length is about three or four fingers' breadth. The 
ileo-caecal valve or valve of Bauhin shuts off all com- 
munication between it and ileum ; appendix vermi- 
formis caeci is attached to it. C. fora'men, of frontal 
bone, small cavity at inferior extremity of internal 
coronal crest or crista; fronto-ethmoidal foramen. 
Small cavity in middle of upper surface of tongue, 
near its base. C., phleg'monous tumor of, typhlo- 
enteritis. 
Caecus, se'kus (blind). One deprived of sight; in 
anatomy, applied to hole or cavity ending in cul-de- 
sac, or having only one opening; see Caecal. Blind 
ducts of urethra are mucous lacunae of that canal. 
Caela, se'lah. Malabar plant employed in pustular 
affections and in gonorrhoea. 
Caementum, se-men'tum (rubble stone). See Tooth. 
Caepa, se'pah. Allium cepa. 
Caeruleum Berolinense (se-ru'le-um ber-o-lin-en'- 
se) or Borus'sicum (ca?rtdews, blue). Prussian blue. 
Caeruleus morbus, se-ru'le-us mor'bus (blue dis- 
ease). Cyanosis. 
Caerulosis neonatorum, se-ru-lo'sis ne-on-at-o'- 
rum. Cyanosis of newborn ; cyanopathy. 
Caesalpina, sees-al-peen'ah (after Andreas Caesal- 
pinus). Sappan or sampfen wood; Siamese tree, 
wood of which is used in decoction in contusions. 
C. axilla'ris, plant of Malabar, seeds of which are 
emetic and antiperiodic. Brazil wood, Pernambuco 
or Fernambuco wood, used as astringent, is wood of 
Caesalpina echinata. Another variety is brasiletto, 
from Caesalpina Bfasiliensis and C. crista, growing in 
West Indies. Nicaragua or peach-wood, analogous to 
this, is derived from species of Caesalpina. The ker- 
nel of Caesalpina bonducella, seed of which is called 
in India kutkuleja and kutoo kurunja, banduc seeds, 
nickernuts, is febrifuge tonic, antiperiodic, and an- 
thelmintic; used, powdered and mixed with castor 
oil, in hydrocele. C. coria'ria grows in Southern 
America; fruit is astringent and antiperiodic, used 
externally for piles and prolapse of rectum. C. 
cris'ta, shrub of Jamaica, bark of which is epi- 
spastic and stimulant to ulcers. C. morin'ga, root is 
diuretic. C. pulcher'rima, small tree of E. and W. 
Indies and S. America; flowers are used in cuta- 
neous affections, malarial fevers, and diseases of 
lungs; seeds and leaves are cathartic, diuretic, and 
abortifacient. C. sap'pan, seeds are emmenagogue; 
see Caesalpina. 
Caesarean (se-za're-an) operation or sec'tion {caedo, 
to cut). Operation through parietes of abdomen 
and uterus to extract foetus; Julius Caesar is said to 
have been so extracted. It is also called hysterotomy, 
hysterotocotomy, hysterotokotomy, gastrometrot- 
omy, gasterhysterotomy, gastrometrotomy, gastro- 
hysterotomy. When the incision is made into the 
uterus through the vagina, it constitutes vaginal 
Caesarean section, gastroelytrotomy, gastrelytrotomy, 
gastrocolpotomy, laparocolpotomy, laparoelytrotomy. 
Caesarean section may be required when the mother 
dies before delivery, when there is invincible obsta- 
cle to delivery from faulty conformation of pelvis, or 
when child has passed into abdominal cavity in con- OESAREANIST 
sequence of rupture of the uterus. See Cceliotomy, 
Laparotomy, Porro's operation, Sanger's operation, etc. 
Csesareanist, se-za're-an-ist. One who favors or 
performs Caesarean operation. 
Csesa'rian. Caesarean. 
Csesaries, se-za're-es (head of hair). Capillus, scalp. 
Caesarotomy, se-zar-ot'o-me. Caesarean section. 
Caes'ium. Salts of this metal, particularly the 
bromide, have been used in epilepsy. The chloride 
diminishes the pulse-rate. 
Caesius, se'se-us (bluish-gray). Glaucoma. 
Caesones, se-zo'nes. Children born by Caesarean 
operation. 
Caesura, se-zu'rah (csedo, to cut). Cut, incision. 
Caf'ein. See Coffea Arabica. 
Cafeism, kaf'e-ism. Anaemia, insomnia, and other 
constitutional effects of chronic coffee-poisoning. 
Caffea (kaf-fa'ah) or Caffeia, kaf-fi'ah. See Coffea 
Arabica. 
Caffe'ic acid. CgHsOt. Crystallizable acid derived 
from coffee, in which, combined with glucose, it 
forms caffeo-tannic acid. 
Caffeidin, kaf-fa'id-in. Base derived from caffein. 
Caffeina, kaf-fe-e'nah (Ph. U. S., Br.). See Caffeine. 
Caffe in se extras, kaf-fe-e'ne sit'ras (Ph. Br.). Caf- 
feine, citrate of. 
Caffeine, kaf'fe-een. White alkaloid, CgHioNdZh,- 
H2O, in coffee, tea, guarana, etc.; odorless crystals; it 
retards metamorphosis of tissue, produces contraction 
of blood-vessels, etc.; used in migraine, and is also 
antispasmodic, diuretic, and stimulant to digestive 
organs. Dose, from 2 to 5 grains. See Coffea Arabica. 
C. ci'trate, weak salt, from solution of caffein in citric 
acid ; chief salt of caffein employed medicinally. C., 
vale'rianate of, mixture of caffein and valerianic acid, 
used in whooping cough and hysterical vomiting. 
Other salts of caffein have been used or experi- 
mented upon for their actual or presumed thera- 
peutic action, as the benzoate, borocitrate, citroben- 
zoate, citrosal icy late, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, 
lactate, nitrate, oxalate, phenylate, phthalate, sali- 
cylate, sulphate, tannate, etc. C. and ammonium 
citrate is also employed. C. and sodium benzoate, 
bromide, cinnamylate, citrate, and salicylate are em- 
ployed, some of them hypodermically. 
Caf'feo-tan'nic acid. Glucoside, CuHsOr, in coffee; 
composed of glucose and caffeic acid. See Caffeic acid. 
Cagas'trum. Germ of communicable diseases. 
Cahincse radix, kah-hin'se rah'diks. Cainanse 
radix. 
Cahincic acid, ka-hin'sik as'id. Cahincin. 
Cahincin (kah-hin'sin) or Cain'cin. Bitter white 
crystallized glucoside in root and root-bark of Cainca 
or Chiococca racemosa; cahincic or caincic acid, 
C40H&1O18. 
Caieput (ki'e-put) or Caj'eput oil. Volatile oil 
of leaves of Melaleuca cajuputi, ord. Myrtacese, 
native of Moluccas. Has strong, fragrant smell, like 
camphor; taste pungent and aromatic; is stimulant 
and useful where essential oils in general are em- 
ployed ; antispasmodic, stimulant, and anodyne in 
colic, neuralgia, toothache, earache, skin diseases, 
vomiting, etc. It is called oil of Witneben, from 
person who first distilled it. 
Cainanse (kah-in-ah'ne) or Caincae (kah-in'se) ra- 
dix. Bark of roots of Chiococca anguifuga, C. den- 
sifolia, or C. racemosa, ord. Rubiaceae; bitter, tonic, 
and diuretic. See Cahincin. 
Caincic acid, kah-in'sik as'id. Cahincin. 
Caincin, kah-in'sin. Cahincin. 
Caisson disease, ka'son dis-ees'. Chain of symp- 
toms caused by working in compressed air, as in 
that of caisson or diving-bell in tunnelling or bridge- 
building, comprising intense neuralgic pains of 
limbs and stomach, headache, vertigo, nausea and 
vomiting, paralysis and coma. 
Cajeput (kaj'e-put) oil. See Caieput. 
Cajeputol, kaj'e-pu-tol. Oily liquid constituting 
larger part of oil of cajuput and of some other oils. 
Caj'uput. Caieput. 
Caju'putol. Cajeputol. 
172 
CALASAYA 
Cake, embryon'ic. Foetal placenta. C., mater'- 
nal, uterine placenta. C., vas'cular, placenta. 
Calabar (kal'a-bar) bean. Ordeal nut; physo- 
stigma. 
Calabarine, kal'ab-ar-een. Alkaloid from physo- 
stigma, having action similar to strychnia; eserine. 
Cal'abash tree, nar'row-leaved ([S.] calabaza, 
gourd). Crescentia cujete. 
Caladium esculentum, kal-ah'de-um es-ku-len'- 
tum. Arum esculentum. C. segui'num, plant of 
India, S. America, and W. Indies; juice given in 
gout and rheumatism, and as anaphrodisiac to 
women; tincture used in pruritus vulvas. 
Calaf. Egyptian willow, distilled water of flowers 
of which-macahalef-is said to be antaphrodisiac, 
antiloimic, antiseptic, and cordial. 
Calage, kal-azh' (F.). Wedging; method of pre- 
venting or relieving sea-sickness by pressure of a 
pillow against the stomach, the patient being re- 
cumbent. 
Calageri or Calagirah. Vernonia anthelmintica. 
Calagualae radix, kahl-ag-u-ahl'e rah'diks. Eoot 
of Polypodium calaguala or adiantiforme or coria- 
ceum or amnifolium or argenteum or politum; diu- 
retic, and used in dropsy, pleurisy, contusions, ab- 
scesses, etc. 
Calamandrina, kal-am-an-dre'nah. Teucrium 
chamsedrys. 
Calamba (kal-am'ba), Calam'bac, Calam'bar, Cal- 
am'be, Calam'bouk. Aloes wood. 
Calamedon, kal-am-e'don (kalamos, reed). Oblique 
fracture of bone, fractured portions having shape 
of nib of pen; longitudinal fracture; comminuted 
fracture. 
Calamina (kal-am-e'nah) or Cal'amine {calamus, 
reed, from its reed-like appearance). Native impure 
carbonate of zinc; chiefly used for pharmaceutical 
purposes in form of calamina praeparata (Ph. Br.), 
prepared calamine. Calamine reduced to impalpable 
powder by roasting and levigation ; it is sprinkled or 
dusted on excoriated parts, or to prevent excoriation, 
etc. Also alkaloid from Acorus calamus. 
Calamine, kal'am-ine. Calamina. 
Calamint, kal'am-int. Melissa calamintha. C., 
field, Melissa nepeta. C., moun'tain, Melissa gran- 
diflora. C., spot'ted, Melissa nepeta. 
Calaminta humilior, kal-am-in'tah hu-mil'e-or. 
Glecoma hederacea. 
Calamintha, kal-am-in'thah {kalos, beautiful, men- 
tha, mint). Melissa calamintha. C. a'clnos, basil 
thyme; stimulant, diaphoretic. C. ang'lica, Melissa 
nepeta. C. aquat'ica, Mentha aquatica. C. clino- 
po'dium, wild basil; aromatic tonic. C. erec'ta Vir- 
ginia'na, Cunila mariana. C. grandlflo'ra of South- 
ern Europe, carminative. C. hedera'cea, Glechoma 
hederacea. C. mag'no flo're, Melissa grandiflora. 
C. monta'na, Melissa grandiflora. C. nep'eta, Me- 
lissa nepeta. C. officina'lis, Melissa officinalis. C. 
parviflo'ra, Melissa nepeta. C. pule'gii odo're, Me- 
lissa nepeta. C. trichot'oma, Melissa nepeta. 
Calamus, kal'am-us. In the Ph. U. S. rhizome of 
Acorus calamus. C. Alexandri'nus, stalk of plant of 
India and Egypt; antihysteric and emmenagogue. 
C. aromat'icus, Acorus calamus. C. aromat'icus 
Asiat'icus, C. Alexandrinus. C. aromat'icus ve'- 
rus, C. Alexandrinus. C. Asiat'icus, C. Alexandri- 
nus. C. dra'co, C. rotang. C. In'dicus, see Saccha- 
rum. C. odora'tus, Acorus calamus, Juncus odor- 
atus. C. ro'tang, systematic name of plant whence 
dragon's blood is procured; red, resinous juice, ob- 
tained in India from wounding bark of Calamus ro- 
tang; used as astringent in hemorrhages, etc. C. 
scripto'rius (writing-pen), small, angular cavity at 
superior extremity of medulla in fourth ventricle 
of brain, supposed to resemble a pen. C. vulga'ris, 
Acorus calamus. 
Calanthe (kal-an'the) veratrifo'lia. Species of 
orchids of Moluccas, used locally in cedema and in- 
ternally in chronic diarrhoea. 
Calasaya, kahl-as-a'yah. Cinchonas cordifoliae 
cortex. CALATROPUS 
Calatropus gigantea, kal-at'ro-pus jig-an-ta'ah. 
Tree of India, possessing property of exciting power- 
ful uterine contractions. 
Calcaneal (kal-ka'ne-al) or Calca'nean {calx, heel). 
Relating to calcaneum, as calcaneal arteries, branches 
from posterior tibial to the heel. 
Calcanean, kal-ka'ne-an. Calcaneal. 
Calcaneo- (kal-ka'ne-o) astrag'alar or astrag'- 
aloid, as-trag'al-oid. Relating to calcaneupj and 
astragalus. 
Caicaneo-cavus, kal-ka'ne-o-kah'vus. Club-foot, 
combining calcaneus and cavus or talipes arcuatus. 
Calca'neo-cu'boid. Relating to calcaneum and 
cuboid, as C.-c. articulation and C.-c. ligaments. 
Calca'neo-fib'ular. Relating to calcaneum and 
fibula, as C.-f. ligament, middle part of external lat- 
eral ligament of ankle. 
Calca'neo-navic'ular. Relating to calcaneum and 
scaphoid bone, as C.-n. ligaments. 
Calca'neo-scaph'oid. Calcaneo-navicular. 
Calca'neo-ta'lar. Calcaneo-astragaloid. 
Calcaneo-tibial, kal-ka'ne-o-tib'e-al. Relating to 
os calcis and tibia, as C.-t. ligament. 
Calcaneo-valgo-cavus, kal-ka'ne-o-val'go-kah'vus. 
Club-foot, combining calcaneus, valgus, and cavus. 
Calcaneum, kal-kan'e-um {calx, heel). Largest 
tarsal bone forming the heel, situate at posterior 
and inferior part of foot; posterior surface, heel, 
gives attachment to tendo Achillis. 
Calcaneus, kal-kan'e-us {pcs, foot, understood). 
Variety of club-foot, in which dorsum of foot is 
drawn upward by contraction in direction of shin, 
heel alone touching the ground. 
Calcar, kal'kahr. Calcaneum; (also, a spur) ergot. 
C. a'vis, hippocampus minor. C. eques'trum, del- 
phinium consolida. 
Calcareous, kal-ka're-us {calx, lime). Containing 
lime or chalk, as C. concretions, C. degeneration, C. 
metastasis, etc. See Calcification. 
Calcaria carbonica, kal-kah're-ah kar-bon'ik-ah. 
See Creta. C. caus'tica, lime. C. chino'vica, cal- 
cium kinovate. C. chlora'ta, calcis chloridum. C. 
chlo'rica, calcis chloridum. C. chlorin'ica, calcis 
chloridum. C. hy'drica, slaked lime. C. hypo- 
chloro'sa, calcis chloridum. C. hypophosphor'ica, 
calcis hypophosphis. C. muriat'ica, calcium chlo- 
ride. C. oxymuriat'ica, chlorinated lime. C. phos- 
phor'ica, calcium phosphate. C. pu'ra, calx. C. 
pu'ra liq'uida, liquor calcis. C. sacchara'ta, sac- 
charate of lime; antidote to carbolic or oxalic acid. 
C. sulfura'ta, sulphurated lime. C. us'ta, lime. 
Calcarise (kal-kah're-e) aq'ua. Lime-water. C. 
chlo'rum, calcis chloridum. C. hypophos'phis, cal- 
cis hypophosphis. 
Calcarine fissure (kal'kar-een fis'shur) or sul'cus. 
Groove on occipital lobe, corresponding with hippo- 
campus minor of lateral ventricle. 
Calcatreppola, kal-sah-trep'po-lah. Centaurea cal- 
citrapa. 
Calcena (kal-se'nah), Calcenon (kal-se'non), Calce- 
nonia (kal-se-no'ne-ah), Calcinonia, kal-sin-o'ne-ah. 
Concretions of tartrate of lime in the human body. 
Calceolaria, kal-se-o-la're-ah {calceolus, small slip- 
per). Slipperwort. C. corymbo'sa, species of slip- 
perwort, diuretic. C. pinna'ta, used in Peru as 
emetic and laxative. C. puncta'ta, S. American 
shrub, stem and leaves of which are cathartic and 
antisyphilitic. C. res'eda, species in Peru, anti- 
pyretic and antiseptic. C. trif'ida is febrifuge and 
antiseptic. 
Calcetus, kal-se'tus. Abounding in tartrate of 
lime or abnormal calcareous matter. 
Calceum equinum, kal'se-um a-kwe'nuni (horse- 
shoe). Tussilago. 
Calcia, kal'se-a. Calcaneum. 
Cal'cic. Relating to calcium or lime. 
Calciferous (kal-sif'er-us) canals {calx, fero, to 
carry). Microscopic canaliculi in cartilages of bones, 
full of calcareous salts. 
Calcification, kal-se-fe-ka'shun {calx, fio, to be- 
come). Conversion into chalky or osseous matter 
173 
CALCIS 
by deposition of calcareous substance or lime-salts in 
the tissues; calcareous degeneration, as in the larger 
arteries, in breaking down inflammatory products, in 
new growths, as chondroma, etc. See Cretefaction. C., 
an'nular, takes place occasionally in the middle coat 
of vessels of medium size, causing sometimes total 
occlusion in them. 
Calcifraga, kal-sif'rah-gah {calx, stone, frango, to 
break, from supposed power of breaking stone in 
bladder). Scolopendrium asplenium. 
Calcigerous cell, kal-sij 'er-us sei {calx, gero, to 
bear). See Tooth. 
Calcigradus, kal-sig'rah-dus {calx, heel, gradus, 
step). One who walks on his heels. 
Calcii (kal'se-e) ace'tas. Calcium acetate. C. ben'- 
zoas, calcium benzoate. C. bro'midum (Ph. U. S.), 
calcium bromide. C. carbo'nas, calcis carbonas. C. 
carbo'nas praecipita'tus (Ph. U. S.), calcis carbonas 
prsecipitatus. C. chlo'ridum (Ph. U. S., Br.), calcis 
murias. C. chlorure'tum, calcis murias. C. hippu'- 
ras, calcium hippurate. C. hy'dras (Ph. Br.), slaked 
lime. C. hypochlo'ris, chlorinated lime. C. hypo- 
phos'phis (Ph. U. S.), calcis hypophosphis. C. io'- 
didum, calcium, iodide of. C. lac'tas, calcium lac- 
tate. C. ox'idum, calx viva. C. oxychlorure'tum, 
calcis chloridum. C. phos'phas prsecipita'tus (Ph. 
U. S.), see Cornu Cervi. C. protochlorure'tum, cal- 
cis chloridum. C. sul'phas (Ph. Br.), calcium sul- 
phate. C. sul'phidum, calcium sulphide. C. sup- 
ping, calcium sulphite. C. sulphocar'bolas, calcium 
sulphocarbolate. C. sulphure'turn, calcis sulphure- 
tum. 
Calcination, kal-sin-a'shun {calx, lime). Submis- 
sion to strong heat of an infusible mineral substance 
so as to deprive it of water, or of any other volatil- 
izable substance entering into its composition, or 
which we wish to combine with oxygen. 
Calcinatum majus poterii, kal-sin-ah'tum mah'jus 
po-ta're-e. Hydrargyrum prsecipitatum. 
Calcine, kal'sine. To subject to calcination. 
Calcinonia, kal-sin-o'ne-ah. Calcena. 
Calcis (kal'sis) bichlorure'tum. Calcis chloridum. 
C. carbo'las, carbolate of lime. C. carbo'nas, creta. 
C. carbo'nas du'rus, creta, marmor. C. carbo'nas 
friab'ilis, creta. C. carbo'nas prsecipita'tus or 
prsecipita'ta, calcii carbonas praecipitatus (Ph. U. S.), 
precipitated carbonate of lime, precipitated chalk; 
same properties as creta praeparata, and preferred to 
it in certain cases, as in tooth-powders, owing to 
freedom from gritty particles. C. chlo'ridum, chlo- 
ride or chloruret or hypochlorite or chlorite or oxy- 
muriate of lime, calx chlorata (Ph. U. S., Br.), protoxi- 
chloruret of calcium, bleaching or Tennant's pow- 
der ; compound resulting from action of chlorine on 
hydrate of lime; valuable disinfecting agent. See Dis- 
infection. When dissolved in water it has likewise 
been employed internally and externally in various 
diseases, as scrofula, fcetor oris, foul ulcers, etc. C. 
he'par, calcis sulphuretum. C. hy'dras, slaked lime, 
see Calx. C. hypochlo'ris, calcis chloridum. C. hypo- 
phos'phis, calcii hypophosphis (Ph. U. S.), hypophos- 
phite of lime, calcium hypophosphite, obtained by 
union of phosphorus with milk of lime and long boil- 
ing, during which phosphuretted hydrogen gas is 
given off, purifying and evaporating. Hypophosphites 
have been recommended as furnishing phosphorus to 
the tissues. Dose, one to five grains in syrup. Hypo- 
phosphites of sodium, potassium, and ammonium, and 
of iron, quinia, and manganese, have likewise been 
used; several of them are officinal (Ph. U. S.). C. 
lactophos'phas, calcium lactophosphate, 1. of lime; 
freshly precipitated phosphate of lime dissolved in 
free lactic acid; usually given in syrup, teaspoonful 
of which represents two grains of lactophosphate; 
dose, dessertspoonful or more; given where phos- 
phorus is indicated. C. linimen'tum, lime liniment; 
see Linimentum calcis. C. liq'uor, lime-water. C. 
mu'rias, muriate of lime, chloride of calcium. It has 
been given as tonic, stimulant, etc. in scrofulous tu- 
mors, glandular obstructions, general debility, etc. 
Liquor calcii chloridi or solution of chloride of cal- CALCITRAPA 
cium is officinal (Ph. Br.); dose, from gtt. xxx to 
in cupful of water. C. oxymu'rias, calcis chlo- 
ridum. C. phos'phas, calcii phosphas prsecipitatus 
(Ph. U. S.), Cas(Po4)2, bone phosphate of calcium, 
employed in scrofula, mollities ossium, rickets, and 
chronic phthisis. Dose, gr. x-xxx. C. sul'phas (Ph. 
U. S.), calcium sulphate of lime, plaster of Paris ; im- 
portant surgically as dressing for fractured limbs, etc. 
on account of its almost insolubility and facility of 
hardening without change of bulk. C. sul'phis, sul- 
phite of lime; see Sulphurous acid. C. sulphure'tum, 
sulphuret of lime, calcium sulphide or sulphuret, hy- 
drosulphate of lime; used in solution as bath in itch 
and other cutaneous affections, and as depilatory. 
Vleminckx's solution, used in itch and other cuta- 
neous affections, is solution of calcium sulphuret. 
Calcitrapa, kal-sit'rah-pah. Centaurea calcitrapa, 
Delphinium consolida. C. hippophses'tum, Cen- 
taurea calcitrapa. C. stella'ta, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
Calcium (kal'se-um) a'cetate, soluble crystalline 
salt, diuretic and resolvent; also employed in scrof- 
ula. C. ars'enate, compound of calcium and arsenic 
acid; three are known. C. ars'enite, compound of 
calcium and arsenious acid. C. ben/zoate, white 
crystalline salt, from boiling benzoic acid in milk 
of lime; antilithic. C. bisul'phite, antizymotic; dis- 
infectant. C. bo'rate, powder formed by addition 
of borax to solution of calcium chloride. C. broma'- 
tum, calcium bromide. C. bro'mide, CaBr-2, white 
soluble crystalline substance, taste resembling bro- 
mide of potassium, though more pungent; the dose 
is gr. xv-xxx or more; hypnotic and sedative in 
irritable conditions of nervous system attended with 
exhaustion. C. car'bolate, see Carbolate. C. car'- 
bonate, calcis carbonas. C. chino'vicum, calcium ki- 
novate. C. chlora/tum, calcium chloride. C. chlo'- 
ride, calcis murias. C. ci'trate, compound of cal- 
cium and citric acid, formerly used as a diuretic and 
in nephritis and calculus. C. flu'oride, CaF2, crys- 
talline substance present in bones, in enamel of 
teeth, mineral water, sea-water, etc. C. glycerobo'- 
rate, mixture by fusion of equal parts of C. borate 
and glycerin. C. hip'purate, compound of calcium 
and hippuric acid, by action of the latter on lime- 
water; used in affections of the urinary organs, of 
the liver, ascites, and cutaneous diseases consequent 
on diseases of the liver. C. hy'drate, slaked lime. 
C. hydrosul'phide, Ca(SH)a, gray substance, used as 
a powerful depilatory. C. hypochlo'rite or hypo- 
chloro'sum, chlorinated lime, calcis chloridum. C. 
hypophos'phite, calcis hypophosphis. C. hypophos- 
phoro'sum, calcis hypophosphis. C. hyposulphite, 
antizymotic. C. i'odate, C. iodide. C. ioda'tum, C. 
iodide. C. i'odide, prepared by the action of iodide 
of iron on milk of lime; doses, from 1-3 or 4 grains 
in phthisis, scrofula, erysipelas; also antiseptic. C. 
iodobro'nride, compound of calcium, iodine, and bro- 
mine; used in exophthalmic goitre. C. kino'vate, 
combination of calcium and kinovic acid; used in 
diarrhoea and dysentery. C. lac'tate, used to obtain 
lactic acid and other lactates. C. lac'ticum, calcium 
lactate. C. lactophos'phate, calcis lactophosphas. 
C. mu'riate, calcis murias. C. ni'trate, Ca(NOs)2, 
white, hygroscopic substance, noticed in places in 
which animals freely urinate. C. orthophos'phate, 
C. phosphate. C. ox'alate, in eight-sided crystals, 
deposited in urine; see Calculi, urinary, and Oxaluria. 
C. ox'ide, lime; see Calx. C. oxyda'tum, calx viva. 
C. oxyda'tum hydra'tum, slaked lime. C. phos'- 
phate, calcis phosphas. C. phosphor'icum, calcium 
phosphate. C., protoxichlo'ruret of, calcis chlo- 
ridum. C. protox'ide, calx. C. sacch'arate, C. su- 
crate. Three compounds of calcium and saccharic 
acid are known. C. sal'icylate, white, odorless, 
tasteless powder; employed with bismuth salicylate 
in diarrhoea of children and inflammation of the 
stomach and bowels. C. su'crate, compound of cal- 
cium and saccharose, formed when lime is dissolved 
in cane-sugar. C. sul'phate, calcis sulphas. C. sul'- 
phide, calcis sulphuretum. C. sul'phlte, see Sulphur- 
ous acid. C. sulphocar'bolate, soluble crystalline salt; 
174 
CALCULI 
antiseptic; used in diarrhoea of children, rickets, etc. 
C. sul'phuret, calcis sulphuretum. C. thioantimo'- 
niate, Ca3(SbS4)2, made by calcining together oyster- 
shells or chalk, sulphur, and antimony trisulphide ; 
employed in gout, scrofula, rheumatism, etc. C. 
thiosul'phate, C. hyposulphite. 
Calcoglobulin, kal-ko-glob'u-lin. Union of salts of 
calcium with proteid in commencing change to bone. 
Calcosubphalangeus minimi digit!, kal-ko-sub-fal- 
an-je'us min'im-e dij'it-e. Abductor minimi digiti 
pedis. C. subphalange'us pol'licis, abductor pol- 
licis pedis. 
Calcotar, kal'ko-tar. Ferri sulphas. 
Calculi, kal'ku-le (pl. of Calculus ; dim. of Calx, 
stone). Concretions in any part of animal body, 
most frequently in organs acting as reservoirs and 
in excretory canals. They are met with in tonsils, 
joints, biliary ducts, digestive passages, lacrymal 
ducts, mammae, pancreas, pineal gland, prostate, 
lungs, salivary, spermatic, and urinary passages, and 
uterus. They may be owing to deposition of sub- 
stances composing them from fluid passing along the 
duct, or product of nutritive irritation. Their solu- 
tion is generally impossible; spontaneous expulsion 
or extraction is most practicable way of getting rid 
of them. C., alternating, see Calculi, urinary (table). 
C., al'vine, calculi of stomach and intestines. C., 
arthrit'ic or artic'ular, chalk-stones, gout-stones, 
nodes; concretions forming in ligaments, and within 
capsules of joints, in persons affected with gout; 
composed of uric acid, soda, and some animal matter; 
rarely, urate of lime and chloride of sodium; see 
also Concretions, articular. C., au'ral, ceruminous 
concretions in external auditory canal. C., bezoar'- 
dic, bezoar. C., bil'iary, biliary concretions, gall- 
stones, some being nothing more than secretion of 
bile thickened; greater part are composed of choles- 
terin, with some coloring matter of bile. Biliary 
calculi are most frequently found in gall-bladder, 
cystic calculi; at other times, in substance of liver, 
in branches of ductus hepaticus, hepatic calculi; or 
in ductus communis choledochus, hepatocystic calculi. 
Antiphlogistics when there is inflammatory action, 
and anaesthetics and strong doses of opium to allay 
pain and spasm, with warm bath, are chief remedies; 
olive oil has been used internally as presumed sol- 
vent. C. of blad'der, C., vesical. C., blood, fibrin- 
ous concretions in which are traces of blood; see 
Pseudo-calculi. C., bone-earth, see Calculi, urinary 
(table). C., breast, calculi of mammae. C., bron'- 
chial, calculous concretions in bronchial tube. C., 
car'diac, calcareous fibrinous clots in heart. C., 
chalk'y, concretions of carbonate and phosphate of 
calcium, etc., found in various organs and regions of 
the body. C., com'pound, see Calculi, urinary (table). 
C., cor'al, form of calculus occurring in pelvis of 
kidney and from casts of the renal pelvis. C., 
cuta'neous, hard cutaneous concretions, generally 
sebaceous matter, sometimes chalky; milium. C., 
cys'tic, see Calculi, biliary, and C., urinary (table). C., 
cys'tine, or cys'tic ox'ide, yellow, greasy, friable, uri- 
nary calculi, made up chiefly of cystine. C., den'tal, 
C., salivary. C. of ears, concretions in meatus audi- 
torius externus; merely indurated cerumen, frequent 
cause of deafness. C., encys'ted, vesical calculi in 
pouch or sac in wall of bladder. C. enterol'ithi, 
enteroliths. C. fel'lei, calculi, biliary. C., fi'brinous, 
form of urinary calculi containing coagulated albu- 
min ; see Blood-calculi. C. of fis'tulous pas'sages, 
see C., urinary. C., fu'sible, see Calculi, urinary. C. 
of gall-blad'der, see Calculi, biliary. C., gas'tric, C. 
of stomach. C. of heart, C., cardiac. C., he'mic, C., 
blood. C., hemp'seed, calcium oxalate calculi in 
kidney. C., hepat'ic, see Calculi and C., biliary. C., 
hep'ato-cyst'ic, see Calculi and C., biliary. C., incar- 
cerated, C., encysted. C., in'digo, C. of ureter, con- 
taining indigo blue. C. of intes'tines, calculi of 
stomach and intestines. C., joint, C., arthritic. C. 
of kid'ney, see Calculi, urinary. C., lac'rymal, con- 
cretions in lacrymal passages, where they may occa- 
sion abscess and fistulas. C., lac'teal, calculi of CALCULI 
mamma. C., lith'ic, uric-acid calculi; see Calculi, 
urinary. C., lung, C., pulmonary. C. of mam/mse, 
lacteal calculi; concretions of yellowish-white color 
in excretory ducts of mammary gland. C., mul'- 
berry, calcium oxalate calculi; see Calculi, urinary. 
C., na'sal, concretions in nasal passages, rhinoliths; 
see Dacryolite. C., nephrit'ic, C. of kidney; see Cal- 
culi, urinary. C., organ'ic, C. made up of organic 
materials, as blood, epithelium, etc. C., ox'alate of 
lime, mulberry calculi, hempseed calculi; see Calculi, 
urinary (table). These are usually rough, and occur 
in children, oxalate of lime being chief ingredient. 
C., pancreat'ic, C. of pancreatic duct, usually chalky. 
C., parot'id, C. of that gland or duct. C. of phos'- 
phate of cal'cium or lime, see Calculi, urinary (table). 
C., phosphat'ic, C. variously formed ofammonio-mag- 
nesium phosphate, calcium phosphate, and ammo- 
niaco-magnesian and calcium phosphate. C. of pin'- 
eal gland, sabulous concretions in this gland, com- 
posed of phosphate of lime; see Acervulus. C. podag'- 
ricl, arthritic. C., prepu'tial, spherical or ovoidal 
concretions, usually composed of uric acid, formed 
from urine, when prepuce is long and narrow, be- 
tween prepuce and glans penis. C. of pros'tate or 
C., prostat'ic, symptoms are those common to tume- 
faction of prostate, sometimes those of calculi in 
bladder. C., pros'tato-ves'ical, C., vesico-prostatic; 
see Calculi, urethral. C., pul'monary, lung-stones, 
lung-calculi, concretions in lung or bronchial tubes 
met with in dead body, without seeming to have 
produced unpleasant symptoms during life; or they 
may have been accompanied with symptoms of 
phthisis (lithophthisis, phthisis calculosa); see Lith- 
iasis pulmonum. They are usually formed mainly 
of carbonate of lime and animal matter. C., re'nal, 
calculi formed in any part of kidney; see Calculi, 
urinary. C., salTvary, concretions, usually of phos- 
phate and carbonate of lime and animal matter, de- 
veloped in substance of salivary glands or their ex- 
175 
CALCULI 
cretory ducts; they may be extracted by incision in 
interior of mouth. Calculus developed in sublingual 
ducts has been called sublingual calculus and ran- 
ula lapidea. C., sanguin'eous, C., blood. C., scro'- 
tal, C. of integument of scrotum, C. of bladder or 
prostate found in scrotum. C., sem'inal, C., sper- 
matic. C., spermat'ic, concretions found in vesiculte 
seminales after death, not detected during life. C., 
stercora'ceous, fecal concretions. C. of stom'ach 
and intes'tines, alvine calculi; calculi of stomach 
are rare, and are almost always carried thither by 
antiperistaltic action of intestines; symptoms are 
those of chronic gastritis. Intestinal concretions are 
not uncommon in animals (see Bezoard), but are rare 
in man; they are fetid and formed, ordinarily, be- 
tween valvuhe of small intestines or in cells of large 
or old hernia;, and are generally evacuated per anum. 
C., sublin'gual, salivary concretions of sublingual 
gland; ranula. C., subprepu'tial, C., preputial. C. 
of ton'sils, calculous concretions occasionally formed 
in tonsils; sometimes discharged by spitting, either 
alone or with pus of abscess occasioned by them. 
C., trip'le or trip'le phos'phate, see Calculi, urinary. 
C., ureter'ic, C. in ureter; see Calculi, urinary. C., ure'- 
thral, C. in urethra, but usually formed in bladder or 
kidney; see Calculi, urinary. C., u'ric, see Calculi, 
urinary (table). C., u'rinary, concretions form from 
crystallizable substances in urine, met with in whole 
course of urinary passages and in fistulous openings 
wherever urine stagnates naturally or accidentally; 
more common at two extremities of life and in some 
countries and districts; at times, clot of blood, por- 
tion of mucus, etc. form a nucleus. Symptoms and 
treatment vary according to seat of calculus; there 
is no such thing, probably, as a medical solvent. See 
Urinary calculi. 
The most important varieties of urinary calculi, 
produced by combination or intermixture of different 
ingredients, may be thus tabulated: 
TABULAR VIEW OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF URINARY CALCULI. 
SPECIES OF CALCULI. 
external characters. 
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION. 
REMARKS. 
1. Lithic or Uric. 
Form, a flattened oval. S. g. gen- 
erally exceeds 1.500. Color, 
brownish or fawn-like. Surface, 
smooth. Texture, laminated. 
It consists principally of nric acid. 
When treated with nitric acid, a 
beautiful pink substance results. 
This calculus is slightly soluble 
in water, abundantly so in the 
pure alkalies. 
It is the prevailing species, 
but the surface some- 
times occurs finely tu- 
berculated. It frequent- 
ly constitutes the nuclei 
of the other species. 
2. Mulberry. 
Color, dark brown. Texture, harder 
than that of the other species; 
s. g. from 1.428 to 1.976. Sur- 
face, studded with tubercles. 
It is oxalate of calcium, and is de- 
composed in the flame of a spirit- 
lamp, swelling out into a white 
efflorescence, which is quicklime. 
This species includes some 
varieties which are re- 
markably smooth and 
pale-colored, resembling 
hempseed. 
3. Bone-earth. 
Color, pale brown or gray. Sur- 
face, smooth and polished. Struc- 
ture, regularly laminated; the 
laminae easily separating into 
concrete crusts. 
Principal] yp/mp We of calcium. It 
is soluble in muriatic acid. 
4. Triple. 
CWor, generally brilliant white. 
Surface, uneven, studded with 
shining crystals, less compact 
than the preceding species. Be- 
tween its laminae small cells oc- 
cur, filled with sparkling par- 
ticles. 
It is an ammonio-magnesivm phos- 
phate, generally mixed with phos- 
phate of calcium. Pure alkalies 
decompose it, extracting its am- 
monia. 
This species attains a larger 
size than any of the 
others. 
5. Fusible. 
Color, grayish-white. 
A compound of the two foregoing 
species. 
It is very fusible, melting 
into a vitreous globule. 
6. Cystic. 
Very like the triple calculus, but 
it is unstratified and more com- 
pact and homogeneous. 
It consists of cystic oxide. Under 
the blowpipe it yields a pecu- 
liarly fetid odor. It is soluble 
in acids and in alkalies, even if 
they are fully saturated with 
carbonic acid. 
It is a rare species. 
7. Alternating. 
Its section exhibits different con- 
centric laminae. 
Compounded of several species, al- 
ternating with each other. 
8. Compound. 
No characteristic form. 
The ingredients are separable only 
by chemical analysis. CALCULI 
Chemists have demonstrated the existence of several 
components of urinary calculi, viz., uric acid, urates 
of ammonium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium, 
xanthic oxide, cystine, calcium oxalate, calcium and 
magnesium carbonates, ammoniaco-magnesium phos- 
phate, phosphates of calcium, magnesium, and iron; 
mucus, nitrogenized matters, modified blood; color- 
ing matters; silica, mica, oxide of iron, and different 
foreign bodies; urea, benzoate of ammonium, oxa- 
late of ammonium, ammonium chloride, and other 
immediate principles of the urine. 
1. Renal calculi. Have very irregular shape; at 
times no indication of their presence; at others, occa- 
sion attacks of pain in the kidneys, sometimes accom- 
panied by bloody or turbid urine. Often they cause 
inflammation. Generally formed of uric acid or ox- 
alate of lime, or phosphates with animal matter. 
Treatment varies with presumed constituents and ab- 
sence or presence of inflammatory signs-relieving 
the irritation by opiates. Surgical operation is rarely 
applicable. 
2. Calculi of the ureters. These come from the kid- 
neys, and produce unpleasant effects when so large as 
to obstruct the course of the urine and occasion dis- 
tension of the ureters, or when the rough surface irri- 
tates the mucous membrane and occasions pain, hem- 
orrhage, abscesses, etc. Pain during the passage is 
very violent, extending, at times, to the testicle of 
the same side, and occasioning numbness of the thigh. 
Treatment consists in general or local bloodletting, 
warm bath, and opiates. 
3. Vesical calculi, stone in the bladder, are the most 
common form, sometimes proceeding from the kid- 
neys. most commonly formed in the bladder itself. 
Sense of weight in perineum, and sometimes of body 
rolling when patient changes position; pain or itch- 
ing at extremity of glans in men; frequent desire to 
pass urine; sudden stoppage to its flow, and bloody 
urine, are the chief phenomena, producing suspicion 
of their existence. We cannot be certain without 
sounding the patient. Sometimes, when of small size, 
they are expelled; most commonly they remain in 
the bladder, disorganization of which they occasion 
unless removed by surgical operation. 
4. Urethral calculi almost always proceed from the 
bladder. The obstruction they cause to passage of 
urine, hard tumor, and noise occasioned when struck 
by the sound, indicate their presence. They are re- 
moved by incision. They form, at times, in the pros- 
tate gland, prostatolithi. Prostatic calculus may pro- 
ject into the urethra, and thus assist to form prostato- 
vesical calculus. 
5. Calculi of fistulous passages arise when there is 
fistulous opening into the urethra. They may gene- 
rally be extracted with facility. 
Cal'culi of the u'terus are very rare; the signs in- 
dicating them during life are those of chronic en- 
gorgement. Their existence is not usually suspected. 
C., ve'nous, vein-stones, phleboliths. C., ves'ical, see 
C., urinary. C., ves'ico-prostat'ic, see C., urinary. C., 
xanth'ic, xanth'in, or xanth'ic oxide, occasional 
form of greasy calculus, composed of xanthin and 
hypoxanthin. 
Calculifragus, kal-ku-lif'rag-us (calculus, frango, to 
break). Lithontriptic. 
Cal'culoid. Resembling calculus. 
Cal'culous. Relating to, or affected with, calculus. 
C. ox'ide, oxide, cystic. 
Calculus, kal'ku-lus. See Calculi. 
Caldamentum, kal-dah-men'tum. Fomentation. 
Caldarium, kal-dah're-um (calidus, hot). Hot bath. 
Hot chamber of Roman bath. See Stove. 
Calea (kal'e-ah) Zacatechichi. Mexican plant, 
given in infusion as tonic and antiperiodic. 
Calefacients, kal-e-fa'se-ents (calidus, warm, facio, 
to make). Substances exciting warmth in part to 
which they are applied, as mustard, pepper, etc. 
They belong to class of stimulants. 
Calefactio, kal-e-fak'she-o. Augmentation of heat 
in the animal economy, evinced by sensation of heat, 
disposition to perspiration, great thirst, general indis- 
176 
i CALLICARPA 
position, flushed countenance, etc. Treated by anti- 
phlogistics and abstinence. Constipation; gonor- 
rhoea ; chafing. C. vir'gae, chancre. 
Caleidophone, kal-i'do-fon (kalos, beautiful, phone, 
sound). Instrument for making visible the vibra- 
tions essential to production of sound. 
Calendula alpina, kal-en'du-lah al-pe'nah. Arnica 
montana. C. arven'sis, wild marigold; juice has 
been given in jaundice and cachexia. C. officinalis, 
single or garden marigold. Flowers (Calendula, Ph. 
U. S.) and leaves are aperient, diaphoretic, and have 
been used in cancer. C. paluslris, Caltha palustris. 
Calendulas martiales, kal-en'du-le mar-she-a'les. 
Ferrum ammoniatum. 
Calendulin, kal-en'du-lin. Amorphous principle 
from Calendula officinalis. 
Calentura, kal-en-tu'rah (caleo, to be warm). Fever; 
tropical fever; sunstroke; species of delirium af- 
fecting sailors in torrid zone, a variety of phrenitis. 
C. amarilla, yellow fever. C. contin'ua, synocha. 
Calentu'ras. Cinchona tree of Philippine Isles, 
bitter and febrifuge. C. palo, fever-wood; cinchona 
and trees with similar properties. 
Cal'euture. Calentura. 
Calf. Pound posterior portion of leg; sura. C. kill, 
Kalmia latifolia. C. knee, entogonyancon. C. of leg, 
sura. 
Calf's foot. Arum maculatum. 
Calibre, kal'ib-er. Diameter; lumen. 
Calices, kal'is-ees (pl. of Calyx). See Calix. 
Calico (kal'ik-o) bush. Kalmia latifolia. 
Calidarium, kal-id-ah're-um. Stove ; hot chamber 
of Roman bath. 
Calidum, kal'id-um (calidus, warm). Hot. C. ani- 
mate, animal heat. C. inna'tum, animal heat, vital 
heat. 
California lau'rel. Umbellaria Californica, of 
Western U. States; leaves are used in nervous head- 
aches, neuralgia, etc. 
Califor'nin. Bitter principle from Quina Califor- 
nica. 
Caligatio, kal-ig-ah'she-o (caligo, mist). Dazzling; 
cloudiness of front part of crystalline lens. 
Cali'go (mist). Obscurity of vision; opaque cornea. 
C. cor'neae, obscurity of vision due to speck on cor- 
nea ; the speck itself. C. humo'rum, obscurity from 
opacity of humors. C. len'tis, cataract. C. a pa- 
cheablepharo'si, pacheablepharosis. C. palpebra'- 
rum, opacity in region of eyelids. C. pupillae, clos- 
ure of pupil; synezisis. C. synezi'sis, synezisis. C. 
tenebra'rum, night-blindness; hemeralopia. 
Calipers. Callipers. 
Calisaya, kal-is-a'yah. Name of several species of 
cinchona; cinchona bark. C. bark, yellow cin- 
chona bark, source of quinine; Cinchonas cordifoliae 
cortex. 
Calisthenics (kal-is-then'iks) or Callisthenics 
(kalos, beautiful, sthenos, strength). Art of promoting, 
by appropriate exercises, strength of body and grace 
of movements. 
Calix (kal'iks) or Cal'yx (kalux, cup). Small cup- 
like membranous canals surrounding papillae of kid- 
ney and opening into its pelvis, whither they convey 
urine; cavity left on ovary by rupture of Graafian 
vesicle. C. vomitoHus, emetic goblet made of anti- 
mony, which produces emetic effect when water is 
added. 
Galla palustris, kal'lah pa-lus'tris. Water arum; 
indigenous; rhizome is stimulant, expectorant, and 
diaphoretic. C. Virginlca, Peltandra Virginica. 
Calliblepharum, kal-le-blef'ar-um (kallos, beauty, 
blepharon, eyelid). Agent for beautifying the eyelids. 
Callicanthus, kal-le-kan'thus. Caiycanthus. 
Callicarpa (kal-le-kar'pah) acumina'ta (kallos, 
beauty, karpos, fruit). Order Verbenaceae; purgative. 
C. America'na, French mulberry; indigenous; eu- 
trophic in cutaneous diseases; used in dropsy. C. 
Bonplandia'na, species of verbenaceous plants of S. 
America, diaphoretic and cathartic. C. ca'na, E. In- 
dian species; leaves are diaphoretic and diuretic. C. 
lana'ta, shrub of India; bark is aromatic; bitter, and CALLICOCCA 
leaves are diuretic and emollient. C. rheed'ii, species 
growing in Malabar, root and bark of which are used 
in fevers, diseases of the liver and skin. C. tomen- 
to'sa, C. lanata, C. cana. 
Callicocca (kal-le-kok'kah) eveas or ipecacuanha, 
ip-e-kak-u-an'hah (kallos, beauty, kokkos, berry). 
Ipecacuanha. 
Callicore, kal-lik'or-e (kallos, beauty, kore, virgin). 
Pupil of the eye. Amaryllis. 
Callicreas, kal-lik're-as (kallos, beauty, kreas, flesh). 
Pancreas. 
Callionymos, kal-le-on'im-os (kallos, beauty, onoma, 
name). Convallaria maialis. 
Callipsedia, kal-le-pa'de-ah (kallos, beauty, pais, 
child). Art of begetting beautiful children. 
Callipers, kal'ip-urz. Instrument for measurement 
of pelvis, chest, etc. C. of Baudelocque, see Pelvim- 
eter. 
Calliphyllum, kal-le-fil'lum (kallos, beauty, phullon, 
leaf). Asplenium trichomanoides, adiantum. 
Callipygos, kal-lip'ig-os (kallos, beauty, puge, but- 
tocks). Cognomen of Venus, from her beautiful 
nates. 
Callisen's operation, kal'lis-en's op-ur-a'shun. See 
Colotomy. 
Callisthenics, kal-lis-then'iks. Calisthenics. 
Callitriche aquatica, kal-lit'rik-e ah-kwat'ik-ah 
(kallos, beauty, thrix, hair). C. verna. C. hetero- 
phyl'la, C. verna. C. interme'dia, C. verna. C. 
ver'na, Water chickweed, Water starwort; indigenous; 
diuretic, used in dropsy. 
Callitris Eckloni, kal'lit-ris ek-lo'ne (kallos, beauty). 
African tree from which gum exudes, used in fumiga- 
tion in gout, rheumatism, oedema, etc. C. quadri- 
val'vis, tree of N. Africa, source of gum sandarac. 
Gallomania, kal-lo-man'e-ah (kallos, beauty). Mania 
in regard to beauty. 
Callosal, kal-lo'sal. Relating to corpus callosum; 
term applied to convolution of brain. C. gy'rus, 
convolution or gyrus of corpus callosum. 
Callose. Callous. 
Callositas, kal - los' it - as. Induration. C. palpe- 
bra'rum, scleriasis. C. vesi/cse, enlargement of 
the bladder. See Cystauxe. 
Callosity, kal-los'it-e (callus, hard). Hardness, in- 
duration, and thickness of skin, assuming horny con- 
sistence in places where exposed to pressure. Indu- 
ration of old wounds, old ulcers, fistulous passages, etc. 
See Tylosis, Tyloma, Keratoma. 
Calioso-marginal, kal-lo'so-mar'jin-al. Relating to 
corpus callosum and margin of hemispheres of brain, 
as calioso-marginal fissure or sulcus, fissure on middle 
of cerebral hemispheres. 
Callous, kal'lus (callus, hard). That which is hard 
or indurated. 
Calluna (kal-lu'na) Atlant'ica, eri'ca, or vulga'ris 
(kalluno, to adorn). Erica vulgaris. 
Callus, kal'lus. Osseous matter thrown out between 
fractured extremities of bone, acting as a cement and 
as a new bony formation; callosity. C., definitive, 
C., permanent. C., ensheathlng ot exter'nal, C., 
provisional. C., inter'nal or inte'rior, provisional 
callus in medullary canal of the brain after fracture. 
C., permanent, callus deposited between extremities 
of fractured bone, afterward converted into new 
bone. C., provisional or tem'porary, callus de- 
posited around fracture and in course of medullary 
canal, keeping fragments in apposition until union 
has occurred; it is then absorbed. Direct union be- 
tween fragments may take place, as in soft parts, pro- 
visional callus-ensheathing callus of Paget-not 
being thrown out unless there has been some move- 
ment of the fragments. 
Calm'ative. Quieting; sedative. 
Calomba, kal-om'bah. Calumba. 
Calomel, kal'o-mel (kalos, beautiful, melas, black). 
Term formerly applied to aethiops mineral; now 
applied to mild chloride of mercury only, mercurous 
chloride, HgzCh. See Hydrargyri chloridum mite. C., 
i'odide of, mercury, iodide of chloride of. C. stools, 
green, spinach-like evacuations occasioned by use of 
177 
' CALVITY 
calomel. C. va'por, see Hydrargyri chloridum mite. 
C., vegetable, resin of podophyllum. 
Calomelas, kal-om'el-as. Calomel. 
Calonia, kal-o'ne-ah. Myrrh. 
Calophyllum (kal-o-fil'lum) cala'ba (Icalos, beauti- 
ful, phullon, leaf). Tree of W. Indies and S. America ; 
source of ocuje oleoresin, used as substitute for bal- 
sam of Peru and copaiva; expectorant, excitant, and 
diaphoretic, in gonorrhoea, bronchitis, etc. C. ino- 
phyl'lum, see Fagara octandra. 
Calor, ka'lor. Heat. C. anima'lis, animal heat. 
C. fer'vens, temperature of boiling water. C. mor'- 
dax or mor'dicans, intense heat of skin; internal 
heat. C. nati'vus, animal heat. 
Caloric, kal-or'ik, heat. 
Caloricity, kal-or-is'it-e. Faculty possessed by liv- 
ing bodies of generating sufficient caloric to enable 
them to resist atmospheric cold and to preserve a 
temperature nearly equal. Animal heat. 
Calorifacient (kal - or - if - a'she - ent) or Calorif'iant 
(color, facio, to make). Having power of producing 
beat. 
Calorific, kal-or-if'ik. Producing heat. 
Calorification, kal-or-if-ik-a'shun. Function of 
producing heat in organized bodies. 
Calorimetry, kal-or-im'et-re (calor, heat, metron, 
measure). Measurement of amount of heat in a 
body, or specific heat. 
Calorineses, kal-or-in-a'ses. Diseases character- 
ized by sensible change in amount of animal heat. 
Caloripuncture, kal-or-e-punk'ture. Puncture with 
needle at high heat. 
Calory, kal'or-e. See Heat. 
Calosanthes Indica, kal-os-an'thees in'dik-ah. Tree 
of E. Indies; diaphoretic; used in rheumatism. 
Calotropis gigantea (kal-ot'ro-pis jig-an'te-ah) or 
muda'rii (Icalos, beautiful, tropis, keel). Mudar. C. 
Hamilto'nia or heterophylTa, C. procera. C. pro- 
ce'ra, tree of India and Africa, yielding mudar bark; 
diaphoretic, expectorant, and used as substitute for 
ipecac. 
Caltha alpina, kal'thah al-pe'nah (calathus, basket). 
Arnica montana. C. arven'sis, Calendula arvensis. 
C. bish'ma on bis'mah, species of N. India, root of 
which is febrifuge. C. lute'ola, Calendula officinalis. 
C. ma'jor or marsh, C. palustris. C. monta'na, Ar- 
nica montana. C. officina'lis, Calendula arvensis. 
C. palus'tris, Marsh marigold, Marsh caltha, Cowslips, 
Meadow bright, Water buttercup; indigenous; syrup 
prepared from it for cough. C. sati'va or vulga'ris, 
Calendula officinalis. 
Cal'trap or Caltrops, kal'trops. See Trapa natans. 
Calumba, kal-um'bah. Called also Colombo, Colom- 
ba, Colomba, Columbo, Colombo. Root of Jateorrhiza 
palmata and of J. calumba (Ph. U. S.), Cocculus pal- 
matus, ord. Menispermacese; indigenous in Mo- 
zambique ; bitter aromatic tonic. Dose, gr. x to 5,j 
in powder. Crystallizable principle obtained from it 
is called calombin; another principle in it seems iden- 
tical with berberina. C., Amer'lean, American or 
Marietta columbo, Indian lettuce, Yellow gentian, Golden 
seal, Meadow pride, Pyramid. Root, frasera, is used in 
the same cases as true calumba. 
Calumbee radix, kal-um'be rad'iks. Calumba. 
Calumbic acid, kal-um'bik as'id. Bitter principle 
from calumba, C22H24O7. 
Calumbin, kal-um'bin. Neutral principle of ca- 
lumba, C42H44O141. 
Galva, kal'vah (calvus, bald). Cranium, upper 
part especially; skull-cap, vault of cranium. 
Calvaria, kal-vah're-ah. Cranium proper; calva. 
Calva'rium. Calvaria. 
Calvata, kal-vat'ah. Calvities. C. ferramen'ta, 
surgical instruments with smooth head or button. 
Calvities, kal-vish'e-ees (calvus, bald). Baldness; 
absence of hair, particularly at top of and at back of 
the head. Alopecia. C. adna'ta, baldness when 
congenital. C. palpebra'rum, loss of eyelashes. 
Madarosis. 
Calvitium, kal-vish'e-um. Calvities. 
Calvity, kal'vit-e. Calvities. CALVUS 
Calvus, kal'vus (bald). Devoid of hair; athrix. 
Calx, kalks. Protoxide of calcium; lime. Lime 
employed in pharmacy should be recently prepared 
by calcination. When water is sprinkled over caustic 
lime, we have slaked lime, hydrate of lime, calcis 
hydras. Heel; see Calcaneum. C. bismu'thi, bis- 
muth subnitrate. C. chlora'ta (Ph. U. S. and Br.), 
calcis chloridum. C. chlorina'ta, calcis chloridum. 
C. extinc'ta, slaked lime. C. cum kaTi pu'ro, po- 
tassa cum calce. C. oxymuriat'ica, calcis chloridum. 
C. re'cens, calx viva. C. sacchara'tum, see Syrupus 
calcis. C. sali'ta, calcis murias. C. sulphura'ta (Ph. 
U. S. and Br.), sulphurated lime; used as a depilatory. 
C. e tes'tis, lime prepared from shells; has no me- 
dicinal advantages over that from marble. C. us'ta 
or vi'va, lime or quicklime. External operation of 
calx viva is escharotic. Lime is a good disinfect- 
ing agent; employed internally in liquor calcis. 
Calycanthus, kal-ik-an'thus (kalux, flower-cup, an- 
thos, flower) flor'idus or fra'grans, Carolina allspice, 
Sweet-scented shrub, Sweet shrub. Indigenous plant; 
root is tonic and emetic and an aromatic stimulant. 
Active principle is alkaloid called Calycanthine. 
Calyces, kal'is-es (pl. of Calyx). See Calix. 
Calyciform (kal'is-e-form) or CaVycoid. Calyx- or 
cup-shaped. 
Calymma, kal-im'mah (covering). Eyelid; vault 
of skull. 
Calyptranthes caryophyllata, kal-ip-tran'thes 
kah-re-o-fil-lat'ah (kaluptra, veil, anthos, flower). 
Myrtus caryophyllata. 
Calystegia sepium, kal-is-tej'e-ah se'pe-um {calyx, 
stege, covering). Convolvulus sepium. C. reniform'is, 
Convolvulus soldanella. C. soldanel'la, Convolvulus 
soldanella. 
Calyx, kal'iks. Calix. Ovisac. 
Camara, kam'ar-ah (vaulted room). Calva; for- 
nix of brain; hollow part of external ear. 
Camarated, kam'ar-a-ted. Having shape of an 
arch or dome, as the skull. 
Camaratio, kam-ar-ah'she-o. Camarosis. 
Camarosis (kam-ar-o'sis) or Camaro'ma {kamara, 
vaulted room). Species of fracture of skull, cam- 
erated fracture, in which the fragments form a vault, 
with base resting on the dura mater. 
Camassia esculenta, kam-as'se-ah es-ku-len'tah. 
Camass, kamas, or quamash root, Bread root. Prairie 
turnip; used as food by some tribes of Indians. C. 
Frase'ri, species of United States with large edible 
bulb. 
Cama'tos. Exhaustion, debility, disease. 
(Jambaib'a. Curatella sambaiba. 
Cam'bery. Myrtus pimenta. 
Cam'bie-leaf. Nymphsea alba, N. lutea. 
Cam'bing. Tree of Molucca, from bark of which 
gum-resin exudes; used in dysentery. Resembles 
simarouba. 
Cambium, kam'be-um. Protoplasm; layer of peri- 
osteum adjacent to the bone. 
Cam'boc. Aloes. 
Cambodia (kam-bo'de-ah) or Cambo'dium. Cam- 
bogia. 
Gamboge, kam'boje. Cambogia. 
Cambogia, kam-bo'je-ah (from Cambodia, in E. In- 
dies). Gamboge or gamboge, ord. Guttifera*. Yellow 
juice obtained from Hebradendron Cambogio'ides and 
other plants of natural family Guttiferse. According 
to the U. S. and Br. Pharmacopoeias, it is derived from 
Garcinia Hanburii. Drastic cathartic, emetic, and 
anthelmintic; used in visceral obstructions and 
dropsy, and wherever powerful hydragogue cathartic 
is required. Dose, gr. ij-vj, in powder, united with 
calomel, squill, etc. C. gut'ta, Garcinia cambogia. 
Cambogic acid, kam-bo'jik as'id. Yellowish solu- 
ble acid obtained from camboge. 
Cambo'gium. Camboge. 
Cam'buc. Aloes. 
Cambuca (kam-bu'kah) or Cambuc'ca. Bubo and 
venereal ulcer in the groin or near the genital organs. 
Camelina sativa, kam-el-e'na sat-e'vah. Grows in 
Europe and Asia; expressed oil of the seeds is like lin- 
178 
CAMPHOR 
seed oil, and is emollient in skin diseases; the herb 
has been used in inflammation of the eye. 
Camellia thea (kam-el'le-ah the'ah) or theifera, 
the-if'er-ah. Thea Chinensis, tea plant; other species 
of camellia are sources of other teas. 
Camera, kam'er-ah. Chamber, fornix, vault, cam- 
ara. C., ante'rior, anterior cornu. C. arterio'sa, 
right ventricle of heart. C. cor'dis, pericardium. 
C. cra'nii, calva. C. medulla'ris, centrum ovale. 
C. oc'uli, chamber of the eye. C. o. ter'tia, canal 
of Petit. C. sep'ti lu'cidi, fifth ventricle of brain. 
Cameree, kam'er-e (pl. of Camera). Chambers, as 
C. oc'uli, chambers of the eye. C. cerebel'li, inferior 
occipital fossae. 
Cameratio, kam-er-ah'she-o. Camarosis. 
Camforosma, kam-for-oz'mah. Camphorosma. 
Camin'ga. Canella alba. 
Camisia foetus, kam-is'e-ah fe'tus (fcetal shirt). 
Chorion. 
Camisole (F.), kam'is-ole. Straight jacket for 
restraining violently insane or delirious persons. 
Cam'omele. Chamomile. 
Camomile, kam'o-mile. Chamomile. 
Camotes, kam-o'tes. Convolvulus batatas. 
Camp fever, kamp fe'vur. See Fever, camp. C. 
mea'sles, see Rubeola. 
Campanula, kam-pan'u-lah (dim. of Campana, bell). 
Bellflower. C. glomera'ta, species of Europe and 
Asia, leaves of which are used in throat inflamma- 
tions. C. Ind'ica, Convolvulus purpureus. C. trache'- 
lium, Canterbury bell or throatwart, astringent, and 
used in decoction in relaxation of the fauces. 
Campe, kam'pe. Flexion. 
Campeachy wood. Heematoxylon. 
Camper (kam'pur), an'gle of. Maxillary angle, 
formed by lines drawn from incisor teeth to promi- 
nent point of forehead above and point of chin below. 
C.'s lig'ament, deep perineal fascia. C., plane of, 
plane passing through centres of both auditory mea- 
tuses and centre of lower border of anterior aperture 
of nose. C.'s profile line, middle line in plane tangent 
to most conspicuous points of the face, above and 
below. 
Camphene, cam-feen'. Radical of camphor. Cam- 
phene or camphine is represented by pure oil of tur- 
pentine. That which is occasionally used therapeu- 
tically is oil of turpentine purified by distillation 
from solution of caustic potassa. 
Camphire, kam'fir. Camphor. 
Camphol, kam'fol. See Camphor. 
Campholurethane, kam-fol-u-re'thane. Two isom- 
eric bodies derived from Ngai camphor; crystalline 
acid having composition of urethanes. 
Camphor, kamTor (Arab, caphur or kamphur). Lau- 
rinole; Chinese camphor. Concrete volatile oil or 
stearoptene (CioHieO), distilled from Lauras camphora, 
Persea camfora, Camphora oflicinarum, Cinnamomum 
camphora (Ph. U. S. and Br.), trees of E. Indies, order 
Laurinese. Two kinds of crude camphor occur in com- 
merce-one from Batavia, but chiefly produce of Japan, 
called Dutch camphor and Japan camphor ; the other 
common crude camphor, China camphor, Formosa cam- 
phor, from India. It is refined by sublimation. Cam- 
phor is also obtained in Borneo and Sumatra-Borneo 
or Sumatra camphor-from Dryobalanops camphora. 
Camphor has a strong and fragrant odor; is volatile, 
not easily pulverizable; texture crystalline ; soluble 
in alcohol, ether, oils, vinegar, and slightly so in wa- 
ter. It is stimulant, anodyne, antaphrodisiac, anti- 
spasmodic, diaphoretic, and sedative. Dose, gr. v to 
xx. Dissolved in oil or alcohol, it is applied exter- 
nally in rheumatic pains, bruises, sprains, etc. In 
large doses it is a narcotico-irritant poison. Camphor 
oil or liquid camphor, camphol, of India, is obtained 
by piercing young camphor trees, Dryobalanops cam- 
phora. Oleum camphorse, oil of camphor, is a volatile 
oil obtained from Camphora officinarum. C., birch, 
betulin. C., Bor'neo, borneol (CioHisO), white sub- 
stance produced from Dryobalanops aromatica by 
chemical action; used in Eastern Asia for medicinal 
purposes and for embalming, etc. C., bro'mide of, CAMPHORA 
brom'ized, or monobrom'ated, white or colorless 
crystalline substance, insoluble in water, soluble in 
alcohol and. ether, formed by acting upon camphor, 
heated on water-bath, with bromine. Dose, gr. ij-iv, 
in delirium tremens and analogous nervous diseases. 
C., car'bolized, germicidal liquid, prepared by adding 
1 part by weight of carbolic acid to 3 parts of cam- 
phor. C. ce'rate, ceratum camphorse. C., i'odized, 
combination of iodine and camphor, employed as sub- 
stitute for inhalation of iodine alone. C. ju'lep, mis- 
tura camphorse. C. lau'rel, Cinnamomum camphora. 
C. lin'iment, linimentum camphorse. C. mix'ture, 
mistura camphorse. C. monobro'mide, camphor, bro- 
mide of. C. oil, yellowish-browm oil found in all parts 
of camphor tree. C. o. of Bor'neo, volatile browmish 
oil derived from Dryobalanops aromatica. C. oint'- 
ment, unguentum camphoraturn. C. tea, solution 
made by pouring boiling water on lump of camphor. 
C. wa'ter, aqua camphorse. 
Camphora, kam'fo-rah. Camphor. C. broma'ta 
or monobroma'ta (Ph. U. S.), camphor, bromized. 
C. officina'rum, camphor. C. thy'mi, thymol. 
Camphoraceous, kam-fo-ra'she-us. Eelating to or 
containing camphor. 
Camphorata hirsuta, kam-fo-rat'ah hur-su'tah, and 
C. Monspelien'sium. Camphorosma Monspeliaca. 
Camphorated, kam'for-at-ed. Eelating to camphor; 
containing camphor. C. phe'nols, combination of 
camphor with phenols, as thymol, resorcin, salol, etc. 
Camphorates, kam'for-at-es. See Acid, camphoric. 
Camphoric acid, kam-for'ik as'id. See Acid, cam- 
phoric. 
Camphorosma (kam-for-oz'mah) (camphor, osme, 
odor) hirsu'ta, Monspeli'aca, Monspelien'sis, or 
peren'nis. Hairy camphorosma, Stinking ground pine, 
ord. Chenopodiacese; this plant, growing near the 
Mediterranean, has odor of camphor; is diuretic, car- 
minative, emmenagogue, diaphoretic, cephalic, anti- 
spasmodic ; it is used in dropsy and asthma. 
Camphura, kam'fur-ah. Camphor. 
Cam'phyl al'cohol. Camphorated alcohol, spirits 
of camphor. 
Campimeter, kamp - im' et - ur. Instrument. for 
measuring range of vision. 
Campion (kam'pe-on) rose. Lychnis githago. 
Campomanesia linearifolia, kam-po-man-a'ze-ah 
lin-e-ar-e-fo'le-ah (after Campomanes, Spanish natu- 
ralist). Tall tree of Peru, whose bright yellow fruit, 
palillo, has an exceedingly agreeable scent and is 
edible. 
Campsis, kamp'sis. Forcible bending by bone or 
cartilage from proper shape without breaking; un- 
natural curvature of a part, as a limb. C. depres'- 
sio, depression. 
Campyle, kam'pil-e. Curvature. 
Campylochei'rus or Campylochi'rus (kampule, 
curvature, cheir, hand). Crookedness of the hands 
or arms. 
Campylorrhachis, kam-pil-or'rak-is (kampulos, 
crooked, rhachis, spine). Monster whose spine is 
crooked. 
Campylorrhinus, kam-pil-or-rhe'nus (kampulos, 
crooked, rhis, nose). Monster whose nose is crooked. 
Compyloscelus, kam-pil-os'sel-us (campyle, skelos, 
leg). Having crooked or deformed legs. 
Campylotes, kam-pil-ot'es (campyle, curvature). 
Curvature, crookedness. 
Campylotis (kam-pil'ot-is) or Campylum, kam'-pil- 
um (kampulotes, flexion). Cataclasis. 
Cana agria, kahn'ah ag're-ah. Bitter cane; juice 
used in Brazil in diabetes. C. fl s'tula, Cassia fistula. 
Canabis, kan'ab-is. Cannabis. 
Can'ada bal'sam. Turpentine from Abies bal- 
samea. C. Bur'net, Sanguisorba Canadensis. C. 
erig'eron, Erigeron Canadense. C. flea'bane, Erig- 
eron Canadense. C. pitch, Pix Canadensis. C. snake- 
root, root of Ararum Canadense. 
Canadol, kan'ad-ol. Hydrocarbon from petroleum, 
resembling rhigolene; local anaesthetic. 
Canal, kan-al'. Channel for affording passage to 
liquids, or solids, or to certain organs. See Canales, 
179 
CANAL 
Canaliculi, Canaliculus, and Canals. C., abdom'inal, 
inguinal canal. C., alimen'tary, Digestive canal or 
tube, Alimentary duct or tube; canal extending from 
the mouth to the anus. According to Vierordt, the 
digestive canal is, on an average, 8 m. in length, in 
proportion of 5:1 to the length of the body- 
Of adults10-11.5 m. (Schwann). 
Of new-born children .... 4.5 m. " 
Length of duodenum (12") . . 32 cm. 
(convex side). 
Length of jejunum (f) 
" " ileum (f) 
. . 5.5-6.2 m. 
" " large intestine . . 130-162 cm, 
" " caecum 6-8 m. 
" " rectum 16 cm. 
C., alisphe'noid, canal in alisphenoid bone for passage 
of external carotid artery. C., alveoden'tal, dental 
canals. C., alve'olar, inferior dental canal. C., 
arach'noid, canal formed by extension of arachnoid 
over transverse and longitudinal fissures of brain, 
surrounding vena magna Galeni; orifice of canal has 
been termed foramen of Bichat, but this opening is 
probably made artificially in act of removing the 
brain. C. of Aran'tins, ductus venosus. C., arte'rial, 
ductus arteriosus. C., auditory, see C., external audi- 
tory, and C., internal auditory. C., auric'ular, external 
auditory canal; canal in foetus between the auricle 
and ventricle. C. of Bar'tholin, ductus Bartholinus. 
C. of Bi'chat, C., arachnoid. C., biliary, hepatic 
duct. C. of Botal, ductus arteriosus. C. of Bres'chet, 
venous channels in diploe of skull. C., bulbular, of 
Petit, C. of Petit. C., carotid, canal in petrous bone 
for internal carotid artery. C., cen'tral, medullary 
canal. C., cer'vical, canal of cervix uteri. C., cer'- 
vico-ulerine, uterine canal. C., chol'edoch, chole- 
doch duct; bile-duct. C., chor'dse tym'pani, canal 
for passage of chorda tympani nerve. C., ciliary, 
ciliary canal. C. of Cloquet, hyaloid canal. C., coch'- 
lear, spinal canal of cochlea. C., con'dyloid, condy- 
loid foramen. C., connecting, coiled portion of urin- 
iferous tubule. C. of Cor'ti, canal formed by arches of 
Corti and basilar membrane. C. of Cotun'nius, aquse- 
ductus vestibuli. C., cru'ral, see Crural. C., cu'bital, 
passage for ulnar vessels at bend of elbow. C. of Cu'- 
vier, ductus venosus; cardinal vein. C., cyslic, see 
Gall-bladder. C. def'erent, deferens vas. C., denial, 
inferior dental canal. C., den'tinal, calcigerous 
tubes or canaliculi of dentine. C., digestive, ali- 
mentary canal. C., ejac'ulatory, ejaculatory duct. 
C. of epidid'ymis, convoluted duct forming epididy- 
mis. C., Eustachian, canal in petrosal bone contain- 
ing part of Eustachian tube. C., extern'al auditory, 
canal leading from auricle to membrana tympani. C., 
fa'cial, aqueduct of Fallopius. C., Fallo'pian, aque- 
duct of Fallopius; oviduct. C., fem'oral, inner part 
of sheath of femoral vessels. C. of Ferrein', canal be- 
tween edges of closed lids and globe of eye. C. of 
Fonta'na, ciliary canal. C., galactoph'orous, lactifer- 
ous tubule of mammary gland. C. of Gartner, see 
Gartner. C., Guidi's, Vidian canal. C. of Hav'ers, see 
Haversian. C. of Henle, H.'s loop-tubes; urinferous 
tubules. C., hepatic, hepatic duct. C. of Ho'vius, 
C. of Fontana. C. of Hu'guier, small canal at inner 
side of fissure of Glaser, through which chorda tym- 
pani nerve leaves cavity'of tympanum. C., Hun'ter's 
(after John Hunter), aponeurotic membrane, consist- 
ing of transverse fibres passing from surface of vastus 
internus to abductor magnus and abductor longus 
muscles, and enclosing between muscles named a pas- 
sage, Hunter's canal, containing femoral artery and 
vein and saphenous nerve. 0., hy'aloid, cylindrical 
passage formed by reflection of hyaloid membrane 
into interior of vitreous body around nutritious artery 
of the lens. C., inci'sive or inci'sor, see Palatine canals. 
C., infraorb Itar, suborbitar canal. C., in'guinal, see 
Inguinal. 0., inter'nal aud'itory, internal auditory 
meatus. C., intes'tinal, portion of digestive canal 
formed by the intestines, from pylorus to anus. C. 
of Ja'cobson, canal, tympanic. C., lac'rymal, osse- 
ous canal containing nasal duct. C., Loewenberg's, 
part of canal of cochlea above Corti's membrane. C., CANALA 
ma'lar, canal in malar bone for passage of malar 
division of temporo-malar branch of superior maxil- 
lary nerve. C., max'illary, C., dental. C., me'dian, 
central canal of spinal cord; aqueduct of Sylvius. C., 
med'ullary, cylindrical cavity in body or shaft of 
long bone containing marrow; vertebral canal, cen- 
tral canal of spinal cord. C., mem'branous of coch'- 
lea, C. of cochlea, following spiral turns of lamina 
spiralis. C., mucip'arous or mu'cous, canal, interior 
of which has mucous lining. C. of Miil'ler, canal 
existing in foetal state on outer side of Wolffian body. 
C., na'sal, lacrymal canal. C., naso-pal'atine, in- 
cisor canal. C., neu'ral, vertebral canal; medullary 
tube. C., neurenter'ic, see Canalis neurentericus. C., 
neurocen'tral, vertebral canal. C. of Nuck (from 
Nuck, who first described it), cylindrical sheath 
formed around round ligaments of uterus by prolon- 
gation of peritoneum into inguinal canal, giving rise 
to hydrocelic cysts in labium externum, readily mis- 
taken for hernia of labium. C., nutrit'ious, nutri- 
tive canal of bone; Haversian canal. C., obstet'ric, 
pelvic canal and canal formed by uterus and vagina. 
C., ob'turator, C. in the ilium for passage of obturator 
vein and nerve; see Obturator. C., olfac'tory, nasal 
fossre in early embryonic life. C., op'tic, optic fora- 
men. C., paVatine, see Palatine. C., pancreat'ic, 
pancreatic duct. C., partu'rient, C., obstetric. C., 
pel'vic, canal of pelvis included between superior 
and inferior straits. C. of Petit, see Petit. C., 
poplite'al, canal beneath sulcus for popliteal 
vessels and nerve. C., por'tal, interlobular biliary 
canals. C., primitive, canal of early embryonic 
life; neural canal. C., pter'ygoid, Vidian canal. 
C., pter'ygo-pal'atine, posterior palatine canal. C., 
pul'mo-aor/tic, ductus arteriosus. C., rachid'ian, 
vertebral canal. C., Reck'linghausen's, see Canal- 
iculi, serous. C. of Reiss'ner, membranous canal 
of cochlea; ductus cochlearis. C., rhachid'ian, ver- 
tebral canal. C. of Rivi'nus, duct of sublingual 
gland. C. of Ro'senthal, spiral canal of modiolus. 
C., sac'ral, prolongation of vertebral canal in sacrum. 
C., sagit'tal, posterior semicircular canal. C. of 
Schlemm, minute circular canal, discovered by Prof. 
Schlemm, of Berlin; situate at point of union of 
cornea and sclerotica. C., semicir'cular, see Semi- 
circular. C., spermat'ic, deferens vas; inguinal canal 
of male. C., spi'nal, vertebral canal. C., spi'ral of 
cochlea, see Scalte of cochlea. C., spi'ral of modi'olus, 
minute canal surrounding the modiolus in lamina 
spiralis. C., spi'roid, aqueduct of Fallopius. C. of 
Stenon, or, more correctly, Sten'son, ductus salivalis 
superior. C. of Stil'ling, hyaloid canal; central canal 
of spinal cord. C., subor'bital, infraorbital canal. 
C., supraor'bital, canal at superior margin of orbit 
for supraorbital nerve and artery. C., tem'poral, 
zygomatico-temporal canal. C., tem'poro-ma'lar, 
zygomatic canal. C., thora'cic, thoracic duct. C., 
tu'bal or tu'bo-ova'rian, oviduct. C., tympan'ic, ca- 
nal opening on lower surface of petrous portion of tem- 
poral bone, between carotid canal and groove for in- 
ternal jugular vein ; it contains Jacobson's nerve. C., 
u'rinary, urethra. C., urogen'ital, urogenital sinus. 
C., u'terine, canal of neck and body of uterus. C., 
vas'cular, Haversian canal; cartilage canal. C., vec'- 
tor, tube, Fallopian. C., ve'nous, ductus venosus; 
canal existing only in fcetus, extending from bifurca- 
tion of umbilical vein to vena cava inferior, into 
which it opens below the diaphragm; at times it ends 
in an infrahepatic vein. It pours into the cava part of 
the blood passing from the placenta by the umbilical 
vein. After birth it becomes a fibro-cellular cord. C., 
ver'tebral, canal for lodgment of spinal cord in ver- 
tebrae. C., vestibhilar, urogenital sinus. C., vul'var, 
vestibule of vagina. C., vul'vo-u'terine, vagina, par- 
turient canal. C., vul'vo-vagi'nal, vulva and vagina 
regarded as one canal; opening of hymen. C. of 
Whar'ton, Wharton's duct, ductus salivalis inferior. 
C. of Wir'sung, pancreatic duct. C. of Wolff, Wolff- 
ian duct. 
Cana'la. Spigelia. 
Canales, kan-al'ees (pl. of Canalis) accesso'rii, Pas- 
180 
CANALIS 
sages for veins penetrating the jugular tubercle. C. 
aerif'era, see Bronchia. C. alveola'res, dental canals. 
C. Breschet'i, canals in diploe for passage of veins. 
C. circulates, semicircular canals. C. cochleae, 
scabe of the cochlea. C. diplo'ici, C. Brescheti. C. 
Haver'sii, canals, nutritive. C. inter sacra'les, 
canals for sacral nerves. C. lacryma'les, lacrymal 
ducts. C. laqueifor'mes, Henle's loop-tubes; 
uriniferous tubules. C. membra'nei re'num, see 
Calix. C. metacarpa'les, spaces in palm of hand be- 
tween flexor tendons. C. nutrit'ii, see Canal, nu- 
tritious. C. sanguinif'eri, blood-vessels. C. semi- 
circulates, semicircular canals. C. semicirculates 
membrana'cei, semicircular canals. C. semina'les, 
seminiferous tubules. C. tubaefor'mes, semicircu- 
lar canals. C. tuberculatium quadrigemino'rum, 
aqueduct of Sylvius. 
Canalicular, kan-al-ik'u-lar. Having small canals. 
C. ab'scess of breast, abscess communicating with 
galactophorous ducts. C. tis'sue, tissue containing 
small canals, as that of bone. 
Canaliculated (kan-al-ik'u-la-ted) or Canalicula- 
tus, kan-al-ik-u-lah'tus. Grooved. 
Canaliculi, kan-al-ik'u-le (pl. of Canaliculus). See 
Canales. C. accessotii, canals for passage of veins 
at external margin of anterior condyloid canal or 
canals. C. biliatii or bilif'eri, pori biliarii. C. of 
bone, small canals in bones connecting the lacunae, or 
the lacunae with the Haversian canals; see Lacunae 
of bone. C. calcif'eri, see Calciferous canals. C. 
den'tium, dentinal tubules. C. Haversia'ni, canals, 
nutritive. C. juice, C., serous. C. lacryma'les, 
lacrymal ducts. C. limac'um, lacrymal ducts. C., 
lymphat'ic, C., serous. C. medullates, Haversian 
canals. C. petro'si, canals in petrous portion of tem- 
poral bone for petrosal nerves. C. pterygoi'dei, C. 
sphenoidales. C. semicircula'res, semicircular ca- 
nals. C. semina'les, see Testicle. C. seminif'eri, see 
Testicle. C., se'rous, minute channels in connective 
tissue supposed to form the origin of lymphatic ves- 
sels ; small vessels connecting with lymph-vessels or 
forming communication between the lymphatic ves- 
sels and the capillaries. C. sphenoida'les, small 
canals or furrows in sphenoid bone. C. vascul'osi, 
canals, nutritive. 
Canaliculization, kan-al-ik-u-liz-a'shun. Forma- 
tion of canals in cartilage ; a preparatory stage of os- 
sification of cartilage by extension of the periosteal 
processes. 
Canaliculus, kan-al-ik'u-lus (dim. of Canalis, 
channel). Small channel. C. Arnol'di, small canal 
in temporal bone transmitting auricular branch of 
vagus. C. arterio'sus, ductus arteriosus. C. ba'si- 
pharynge'us, canal between sphenoid and palate 
bones for passage of pterygo-palatine vessels and 
pharyngeal nerve to pharynx. C., collecting, collect- 
ing tubule of kidney. C. communicatio'nis, canal 
under petrous portion of temporal bone transmitting 
vein from middle cranial fossa to lateral sinus. C. in- 
nomina'tus, C. basi-pharyngeus. C. laqueifor'mis, 
Henle's loop-tube. C. mastoi'deus, 0. Arnoidi. C. 
pharynge'us, canal formed by sphenoid and palate 
bones and ala of vomer; C. basi-pharyngeus. C. 
tympan'icus, canal in petrous bone for Jacobson's 
nerve. See also Canal, Canalis, Canales, Canaliculi. 
Canalis, kan-al'is. Canal, meatus. C. alimenta'- 
rius, canal, alimentary. C. alveola'ris, dental canal. 
C. an'imse, trachea. C. arterio'sus, arterial duct. 
C. Bichat'ii, canal, arachnoid. C. Botal'li, ductus 
arteriosus. C. canalicula'tus, gorget. C. carot'icus, 
carotid canal. C. centra'lis, central canal of spinal 
cord. C. centra'lis modi'oli or cochieae, see Tractus 
spiralis foramenulentus. C. cervica'lis or cervi'cis, 
see Uterus. C. choled'ochus, ductus communis 
choledochus. C. ciba'rius, alimentary canal. C. 
Cloquet'i, hyaloid canal. C. coch'leae os'seus, see 
Scales of cochlea. C. cochlea'ris, cochlear canal. C. 
condyloi'deus, condyloid foramen. C. corp'orum 
quadrigemino'rum, aqueduct of Sylvius. C. cra'nio- 
pharynge'us, foetal canal from bottom of pituitary 
fossa, containing process of dura mater. C. cyst'icus, CANALIZATION 
cystic duct; see Gall-bladder. C. def'erens, deferens 
vas. C. eminen'tise quadrigem'inse, aquseductus 
Sylvii. C. endolymphat'icus, aqueduct of vestibule. 
C. ethmoida'lis, internal orbital canal. C. facia'lis, 
aqueduct of Fallopius. C. Fallo'pii or Fallo'pise, 
aquseductus Fallopii. C. fibro'sus, canal made by 
interosseous membrane of leg for anterior vessels and 
nerves. C. Fontan'se, canal of Fontana. C. gan- 
gliona'ris, tractus spiralis foramenulentus; spinal 
canal of modiolus. C. guttura'lis tym'pani, Eustach- 
ian tube. C. hepat'ico-cyst'icus, ductus choledochus 
communis. C. hyaloi'deus, canal, hyaloid. C. hypo- 
glos'si, anterior condyloid foramen. C. incisi'vus, 
anterior palatine canal. C. inci'sor, canal, incisor. C. 
innomina'tus, canal for passage of superficial petrosal 
nerve. C. intestina'lis or intestino'rum, intestinal 
tube. C. lacrymalis, lacrymal or nasal duct. C.man- 
dibula'ris, inferior dental canal. C. mastoi'deus, 
canal for passage of Arnold's nerve. C. maxilla'ris 
infe'rior, inferior dental canal. C. maxilla'ris supe'- 
rior, foramen rotundum. C. me'dius, aquaeductus 
Sylvii. C. medul'lae spina'lis, see Vertebral column. 
C. medulla'ris, canal, medullary. C. membrana'ceus, 
cochlear duct. C. mus'culo-perone'us, space between 
origins of several muscles of leg occupied by lower 
part of peroneal artery. C. na'so-lacryma'lis, lac- 
rymal or nasal duct. C. naso-palati'nus, palatine 
duct (anterior). C. ner'vi facia'lis, aqueduct of Fal- 
lopius. C. ner'vus flstulo'sus re'num, ureter. C. 
neurenter'icus, canal in embryo between digestive 
and medullary canals. C. Nuck'ii, canal of Nuck. 
C. or'bitse nasalis, lacrymal or nasal duct. C. op'- 
ticus, optic foramen.- C. palati'nus tym'pani, 
Eustachian tube. C. peripher'icus modi'oli, see 
Tractus spiralis foramenulentus. C. Petit! or Petitia'- 
nus, canal of Petit. C. pharyn'go-tympan'icus, 
embryonic canal in pharynx and tympanum. C. 
quadrigem'inae, aqueduct of Sylvius. C. radi'cis, 
canal in root of tooth. C. recur'rens, Vidian canal. 
C. reu'niens, minute canal between round saccule in 
membranous labyrinth and ductus cochlearis. C. 
Rosenthalia'nus or Rosenthal'!!, spiral canal of 
modiolus. C. rotun'dus, foramen rotundum. C. 
sacra'lis, see Sacral. C. scala'rum commu'nis, in- 
fundibulum of the cochlea. C. Schlem'mii, canal of 
Schlemm. C. semicircula'ris horizonta'lis, see 
Semicircular canals. C. semicircula'ris vertica'lis 
poste'rior, see Semicircular canals. C. semicircula'- 
ris vertica'lis supe'rior, see Semicircular canals. C. 
spheno-palati'nus or spheno-pharynge'us, canalicu- 
lus basi-pharyngeus. C. spina'lis, vertebral canal; 
central canal of spinal cord. C. spira'lis coch'lese, 
see Scalse of cochlea. C. spira'lis modi'oli, see Tractus 
spiralis foramenulentus. C. supraorbita'lis, supra- 
orbital foramen. C. Syl'vii, aqueduct of Sylvius. C. 
tar'si, tarsal canal. C. tempora'lis, occasional open- 
ing in temporal bone between glenoid fossa and 
tympanic portion. C. transversa'rius, canal formed 
by series of transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae. 
C. tympan'icus, canal, tympanic. C. urina'rius, 
urethra. C. urogenita'lis, urogenital sinus. C. 
utric'ulo-saccula'ris, canal between utriculus and 
endolymphatic duct. C. veno'sus, ductus venosus. 
C. vertebra'lis, spinal cord. C. Vidia'nus, pterygoid 
or Vidian canal. C. zygomat'ico-facia'lis, malar 
canal. C. zygomat'ico-tempora'lis, temporal canal 
of malar bone. C. zygomat'icus, temporo-malar 
canal. 
Canalization, kan-al-iz-a'shun. Process of forma- 
tion of channels or canals, blood-vessels, for example. 
Conversion of a vessel into a rigid tube. Method of 
drainage for wounds by formation of canals, not by 
tubes. 
Canals, kan-als'. See Canal. Canales, Canalis, Ca- 
naliculi, Canaliculus. C., bone, of Breschet, see Diploic. 
C. of Hav'ers, or Haver'sian, canals, nutritive. C., 
nu'tritive, canals for nutrition of bones, Haversian 
canals, or canals of Havers. Canals through which 
vessels pass to bones; lined by very fine lamina of 
compact texture, or formed in the texture itself. C. of 
Rivi'nus, ducts of sublingual gland. C., semicir'cu- 
181 
L CANCER 
lar, see Semicircular canals. C., sem'inal, see Seminal. 
C. se'rous, canaliculi, serous. C., of Steno, duct of 
Steno. 
Canan'ga odora'ta. Tree of S. Asia, from which 
ylang-ylang oil is obtained. 
Canapacia, kan-ap-as'e-ah. Artemisia vulgaris. 
Canarium commune, kan-ah're-um kom-mu'ne. 
Amyris elemifera. 
Canaryseed, kan-a're-seed. Phalaris Canariensis. 
Canaryweed. Orchil. 
Cancamum (kan'kam-um) or Can'camy. Mixture 
of several gums and resins from Africa; used to de- 
terge wounds. Anime. 
Cancellated (kan'sel-la-ted), Cancel'lous, or Can'- 
cellate (made of lattice-work). Formed of cancelli. 
Cancelll, kan-sel'le (pl. of Cancel'lus, lattice-work). 
Cellular or spongy texture of bones, consisting of 
numerous cells communicating with each other, con- 
taining fatty matter, analogous to marrow; met with, 
principally, at extremities of long bones; some short 
bones consist almost wholly of it. It allows of ex- 
pansion of extremities of bones, without adding 
weight, and deadens concussions. 
Cancellous, kan-sel'lus. Cancellated. See Cancelli. 
Cancer, kan'sur (crab). Disease probably origin- 
ally so called either on account of the hideous appear- 
ance which ulcerated cancer presents, or on account 
of great veins surrounding it, which the ancients com- 
pared to the claws of the crab. See Carcinoma. Can- 
cers were formerly distinguished, according to the 
stages, into occult, cancer occultus, and open, c. apertus, 
the former being the scirrhous form, the latter the 
ulcerated condition. The term cancer is much more 
limited at the present day in its application than for- 
merly, and although it is necessary to define the dif- 
ferent varieties previously recognized by their old 
and at one time familiar names, the description of 
cancerous or carcinomatous growths proper is greatly 
restricted and simplified. Cancers are defined at the 
present day as most atypical new formations of cells 
of the epithelial type, grouped irregularly in the 
alveoli of a more or less dense fibroid stroma. The 
epithelial type implies origin from epiblast or hypo- 
blast, and the absence of intercellular substance; it 
does not imply any specific form of cell. In cancer 
we have epithelial cells, often of the most abnormal 
form, filling up the lumina of gland-tubes (if it start 
from a gland), bursting through their basement or 
limiting membrane, and ramifying in the spaces of 
connective tissue (Green). Cancer-cells are of large 
size and of various forms-round, oval, fusiform, 
caudate, or polygonal-and their nuclei and nucleoli 
are large and prominent, and they lie loosely in the 
alveoli without any intervening stroma; but there is 
no specific cancer-cell different from that characteriz- 
ing other new formations or even normal tissues. 
The stroma is of fibrillated tissue arranged so as to 
form communicating alveoli, in which are the cancer- 
cells ; numerous blood-vessels are in the stroma and 
surround the alveoli like a network, and lymphatics 
communicate freely with the alveoli. 
Cancers undoubtedly have an epithelial origin; that 
is, they originate either in the growth of a resting 
embryonic epithelial rudiment (Cohnheim), or on the 
multiplication of some epithelial cells. Other condi- 
tions being favorable, such as malignancy, the cells 
burst through any basement membrane, and grow in 
the connective tissue along lymph-spaces and chan- 
nels. Glandular infection is thus easy to explain 
(Green). Surrounding structures gradually become 
infiltrated, and secondary changes often occur, such 
as fatty degeneration, hemorrhage, pigmentation, col- 
loid and mucoid degeneration, etc. 
According as the cancer-cells spring from stratified 
epithelium, columnar epithelium, or the epithelium 
of acinous glands, cancers are divided into two 
classes: Acinous cancer, including Scirrhus or chronic 
cancer, and Epithelial cancer, including squamous and 
columnar-celled Epithelioma, the latter being also 
called Adenoid cancer. Any of these varieties may 
develop into a colloid or gelatiniform form of de- CANCER 
generation, that was once called colloid or gelatini- 
form cancer. 
Cancers occur usually after the age of thirty-five, 
are very malignant, grow rapidly, invade surround- 
ing tissues to a serious extent, frequently ulcerate, 
involve the lymphatic glands at an early stage, and 
implicate the general system. For their production 
they require a peculiar diathesis or cachexia, cancer- 
ous cachexia. 
Cancer, a'cinous, see Cancer. C., acute', encephal- 
oid. C., ad'enoid, adeno-carcinoma. C. al'bus, C. 
aquaticus. C., alve'olar, sometimes restricted to col- 
loid cancer, but applicable to cancer generically, as 
having alveoli; see Cancer. C. aper'tus, cancerous ul- 
ceration. C., ap'inoid, scirrhus having pear-shaped 
structure in its interior. C. aquat'icus, variously 
called Gangrenous inflammation of the mouth, Canker of 
the mouth, Gangrenous sore mouth, Gangrenous erosion of 
the cheek, Sloughing phagedena of the mouth, Water can- 
ker. Sloughing or gangrenous ulceration of the mouth, 
often accompanied with afflux of saliva; not uncom- 
mon in children's asylums. C., are'olar, colloid. C. 
as'tacus, see Cancrorum chelse. C., black, cancer, 
melanotic. C. of the blood, leucocythsemia. C. of 
the breast, masto - carcinoma. C. caminario'rum, 
cancer, chimney-sweeper's. C., caul'iflower, form of 
epithelioma having externally ulcerated fissures, re- 
sembling cauliflower. C. cell, cell at one time 
considered as characteristic of cancer; polygonal, 
caudate, fusiform, concentric, compound; the liquid 
in which cancer-cells float was called cancer serum. It 
is not now considered that there is a distinct cell 
characteristic of cancer. See Cancer. C., cell'ular, 
encephaloid medullary carcinoma; m. sarcoma. C., 
cere'briform, encephaloid ; medullary sarcoma. C., 
chim'ney-sweep'er's, epithelioma or epithelial can- 
cer of the scrotum; soot-wart. This affection begins 
with a superficial, painful, irregular tubercular 
ulcer, with hard, elevated edges, occupying the lower 
part of the scrotum ; sometimes the testicles are in- 
volved. C., chon'droid, variety of scirrhus, on sec- 
tion resembling cartilage. C., chron'ic, scirrhus. C., 
clay-pipe, C., smoker's. C., col'loid, see Colloid. C., 
cyl'inder-cell, epithelioma, cylindrical. C., cyst'ic, 
colloid; cysto-carcinoma. C., dendri'tic, papilloma; 
C., villous. C., ebur'neous, kind of waxy degenera- 
tion of the breast, but not strictly cancerous scle- 
roma. C., embol'ic, C. caused by embolism. C., en- 
ceph'aloid ot encephalom'atous, medullary sarcoma. 
C., endothe'lial, villous endothelioma. C., epithe'- 
lial, see Epithelial and Epithelioma. C., epithelial, 
of scro'tum, cancer, chimney-sweeper's. C., fi'brous, 
scirrhus; recurrent fibroid. C. fungoi'des or fun- 
go'sus, fungus hfematodes; scirrhus. C., fun'gous, 
fungus hsematodes. C. Gale'ni, bandage for head, 
the eight heads of the bandage resembling, rudely, 
crab's claws. It is now supplied by bandage with 
six heads, called Bandage of Galen or Bandage of 
the poor. C., gelat'iniform or gelatinous, colloid. 
C., gland'ular, adenocarcinoma ; cylindrical epithe- 
lioma. C., green, chloroma. C., gum or gum'mous, 
colloid. C., hsem'atoid, fungus haematodes. C., hard, 
scirrhus. C. intestino'rum, enteropathia cancerosa. 
C. juice, viscid, creamy fluid squeezed or scraped from 
surface of section of a malignant growth. C., lard'i- 
form or lar'inoid, lardlike form of scirrhus. 0., la'- 
tent, C. occultus. C. of liv'er, hepato-scirrhus. C. 
of lung, phthisis, cancerous. C. lu'pus, lupus. C., 
mas'toid, see Mastoid cancer. C., med'ullary, en- 
cephaloid medullary carcinoma; m. sarcoma. C. 
melsene'us, cancer, melanotic. C., melanot'ic, black 
or melanoid cancer; combination of cancer and 
melanosis; see Melanotic sarcoma. C., milt'like, med- 
ullary sarcoma; see Miltlike. C. mol'lis, encephaloid. 
C., mu'cous, colloid. C. mundito'rum, cancer, chim- 
ney-sweeper's. 0., myxom'atous, cancer that has 
been transformed into myxoma. C., na'piform, 
cancer, turnip-like in appearance. C., neph'roid, 
kidney-shaped medullary sarcoma. C. occul'tus, 
see Cancer. C. oc'uli, scirrhophthalmus. C. o'ris, 
cancer aquaticus; stomacace. C. os'sa, spina ven- 
182 
CANDY 
tosa. C., os'teoid, spina ventosa; cancer containing 
bony matter; osteoid chondroma; osteosarcoma; 
see Osteoid sarcoma. C., pancreat'ic, cancer re- 
sembling the pancreas in appearance; cancer of pan- 
creas. C., pap'illary, papillary epithelioma; papil- 
loma. C. pharyn'gis et oesoph'agi, Lsemoscirrhus. 
C., pig'mentary, C., melanotic. C., placent'al, medul- 
lary sarcoma, resembling placenta in appearance; can- 
cer of placenta. C., pulp'y or pulpa'ceous, colloid. 
C. purgato'ris infumic'uli, cancer, chimney-sweeper's. 
C., ro'dent, see Epithelioma, Lupus, and Rodent. C. 
root, Orobanche Virginiana; Phytolacca decandra; 
Conopholis Americana; Epiphegus Virginiana; Aphyl- 
lon uniflorum. C., sarcom/atous, glandular cancer 
with sarcomatous degeneration. C. scirrho'sus, 
scirrhus. C. scro'ti, cancer, chimney-sweeper's. C. 
se'rum, C. juice; see Cancer-cell. C., smo'ker's, epi- 
thelioma of mouth and lips from irritation of nicotine 
of tobacco or of pipe. C., soft, hsematodes fungus; 
medullary cancer; encephaloid. C., so'lanoid, see 
Solanoid. C., soot, epithelioma from soot or a chim- 
ney-sweeper's cancer. C. spongio'sus, fungus hse- 
matodes. C. of stom'ach, gastrostenosis cardiaca et 
pylorica; C., stone-scirrhus. C., telangiectat'ic, fun- 
gus haematodes. C. terebrans, epithelioma. C. of 
test'icle, see Sarcocele. C. tubero'sum, carcinoma 
tuberosum; keloid. C. u'teri, metrocarcinoma. C. 
verruco'sus, wartlike form of epithelioma. C.,vil'- 
lous, dentritic vegetation; cancer in mucous mem- 
branes when covered by villous growth; papilloma. 
C. vulga'ris, scirrhus. C., water, C. aquaticus. C. 
weed, Goodyera pubescens; Salvia lyrata. 
Cancerism, kan'sur-izm. Cancerous diathesis. 
Canceroma, kan-sur-o'mah. Carcinoma. 
Cancerous, kan'sur-us. Eelating to or affected with 
cancer. 
Cancerwort, kan'sur-wurt. Linoria spuria; L. 
elatine; veronica. 
Canchalagua, kan-chal-ag'wah. Chironia Chilen- 
sis; Erythrsea Chilensis. 
Cancrena, kan-kre'nah. Gangrene. 
Can'criform. Cancroid. 
Cancrodes, kan-kro'dez. Cancroid. 
Cancroid, kan'kroid (cancer, eido, form). Assuming 
a cancerous appearance. Name given to certain cuta- 
neous cancers by Alibert; called also Cheloid or Ke- 
loid, from their presenting flatfish raised patch of in- 
tegument, resembling tortoise-shell. Epithelioma. C. 
ul'cer, rodent ulcer. 
Cancrois, kan'kro-is. See Cancroid. 
Cancroma, kan-kro'mah. Carcinoma. 
Cancrorum chelae, kan-kro'rum ke'le (chele, claw). 
Crab's claws; like crab's stones or eyes; concretions 
found, particularly, in Cancer astacus or cray-fish, 
considered to be antacid. 
Cancrosus, kan-kro'sus. Cancerous. 
Cancrum, kan'krum. Cancer; ulceration having 
tendency to spread. C. o'ris, cancer aquaticus; sto- 
macace; noma. C. puden'di, noma of female genital 
organs. 
Candela, kan-de'lah (candeo, to glow). Bougie; 
candle used for inhalation. C. candela'ria, verbascum. 
C. fuma'lis, pastil. C. medica'ta, bougie. C. re'gia 
or re'gis, Verbascum nigrum ; V. thapsus. 
Candelaria, kan-de-lah're-ah (candela, candle). Ver- 
bascum nigrum. 
Candi (kan'de) or Can'dum (candidus, white, puri- 
fied). Candy; purified and crystallized sugar; Can- 
nabis sativa; see Saccharum. 
Candidum ovi, kan'did-um o've (white of egg). Al- 
bumen ovi. 
Can'dle. Bougie. C. ber'ry, Myrica cerifera. C. 
fish, eulachon. C. fish oil, oil from Thaleichthys 
Pacificus, eulachon or oulachon oil; similar properties 
to cod-liver oil. C., mercu'rial, candle made of wax 
and vermilion, for mercurial fumigation. C. nut, 
Aleurites Moluccana. C. nut oil, cathartic oil ex- 
pressed from Aleurites triloba, kekune or kukui oil. 
C. tree, Parmentiera cerifera. C. tril'oba, Viola 
sebifera. 
Candy, kan'de. Candi. CANDYTUFT 
Candytuft, kan'de-tuft. Iberis. C., bit'ter, Iberis 
amara. 
Cane, sugar. Sucrose. See Saccharum. C., sweet, 
Acorus calamus. 
Canella alba, kan-el'lah al'bah (dim of Canna, 
reed). West India tree, so called because its bark is 
rolled up like a reed. Canella bark, Canella, Canellte 
cortex (Ph. U. S.), ord. Guttiferje, is pungent aromatic. 
It is stimulant, tonic, and often added to bitters and 
cathartics. C. ama'ra, bark of Cinnamomum culila- 
wan. C. caryophylla'ta, Myrtus caryophyllata. C. 
Cuba'na, C. alba, Laurus cassia. C. dui'cis, bark of C. 
alba. C. Jamaicen'sis, C. alba. C. Magellan'ica, 
bark of Drimys Winteri. C. Malabar'ica, Cinnamo- 
mum cassia. C. silves'tris, E. Indian cinnamon. C., 
white, C. alba. C. Wintera'na, C. alba. C. Zeylan'- 
ica, cinnamon ; Dapbnidiun myrrha. 
Canellifera Malabarica, kan-el-lif 'er-ah mal-a-bar'- 
ik-ah. Laurus cassia. 
Canel'lin. Principle extracted from Canella alba. 
Canelli'na. Cinnamon bark. 
Caneo'tica. Crete boil or button ; endemic ulcer. 
Canicaceous, kan-ik-a'she-us. Furfuraceous. 
Canicse, kan'is-e. Meal or bread in which there is 
much bran. 
Canicida, kan-is-e'dah (cams, csedo, to kill). Aco- 
nite. 
Caninanae, kan-in-an'e. Chiococca racemosa; 
Cainca. C. ra'dix, caincse radix. 
Canine, kan'ine (canis, dog). Resembling structure, 
actions, etc. of a dog, as canine teeth, c. appetite, etc. 
C. eminence, C. prominence. C. fos'sa, infraorbitar 
or suborbitar fossa; small depression on superior 
maxillary bone, above canine tooth, giving attachment 
to caninus or levator anguli oris muscle. C. hun'ger, 
boulimia. C. laugh, sardonic laugh; form of laugh, 
facial expression of which is produced particularly by 
spasmodic contraction of the caninus muscle. Prob- 
ably this expression, as well as cynic spasm, originated 
in resemblance of the affection to certain movements 
in upper lip of dog. It is also called risus sardonicus, 
from similar symptoms having been induced by 
Ranunculus sceleratus, growing in Sardinia. C. 
mad'ness, hydrophobia. C. mus'cle, levator anguli 
oris. C. prominence, protuberance of canine tooth 
of upper jaw. C. teeth, eye teeth, pug teeth; teeth 
between lateral incisors and small molars of jaw, so 
named because resembling the teeth of a dog. 
Canini-lablalis, kan-e'ne-lab-e-al'is. Levator an- 
guli oris. 
Caninus, kan-e'nus (canine). Levator anguli oris. 
C. sen'tis, Rosa canina. C. spas'mus, see Canine 
laugh. 
Caniram. Strychnos nux vomica. 
Caniramine, kan-ir'am-een. Brucine. 
Canirubus, kan-e-ru'bus. Rosa canina. 
Canis, kan'is (dog). Fraenum praeputii; vulva. 
C. intersec'tor (dog-killer), Veratrum sabadilla. C. 
Pon'ticus, Castor fiber. 
Canitia (kan-ish'e-ah), Canities (kan-ish'e-ees), or 
Canitu'do (canus, white). Blanching, whiteness or 
grayness of the hair, and especially of that of the 
head. When occurring from old age it is not a dis- 
ease ; sometimes it happens suddenly, apparently as 
result of mental emotion. 
Canker, kan'kur (cancer). Violent or corrosive 
ulceration; disease of horse's foot or dog's ears; 
stomatitis, aphtha, cancer aquaticus, stomacace. 
C. ber'ry, fruit of Rosa canina and Solanum Ba- 
hamense. C. fiow'er, Rosa canina. C. of mouth, 
cancer aquaticus. C. nail, hang-nail. C. rash, sore 
throat; cynanche maligna. C. root, sorrel. C. rose, 
Papaver rhceas; Rosa canina. C., water, cancer 
aquaticus. C. weed, Senecio Jacobaea, S. silvaticus, 
S. tenuifolius. 
Canna, kan'nah (reed). See Tous-les-mois, Cassia 
fistula, Trachea. C. angustifo'lia, plant of Brazil, 
diaphoretic, stimulant, antirheumatic. C. arrow 
root, tous-les-mois. C. brach'ii, ulna. C. domes'- 
tica cru'ris, tibia. C. edu'lis, tous-les-mois. C. fis'- 
tula, Cassia fistula. C. gut'turis, trachea. C. In'- 
183 
CANTARELLUS 
dica, Sagittarium alexipharmacum. C. ma'jor, tibia. 
C. mi'nor, fibula, radius. C. odorif'era, Acorus 
calamus. C. Orienta'lis, juice is used in earache; C. 
Indica. C. pulmo'nis, trachea. C. soluti'va, Cassia 
fistula. C. starch, tous-les-mois, Queensland ar- 
row root. 
Can'nabene. Liquid derived from volatile oil of 
Cannabis Indica." 
Cannabin, kan'nab-in. Amorphous alkaloid de- 
rived from Indian hemp or Cannabis Indica. Brown 
syrupy glucoside obtained from watery extract of 
Cannabis Indica; hypnotic. C. tan'nate, cannabinum 
tannicum. 
Cannabina, kan-nab'in-ah. Cannabin; canuabine. 
C. aquat'ica, Eupatorium cannabinum. 
Can'nabine. Brown syrupy alkaloid derived from 
Cannabis Indica; hypnotic. 
Cannab'inine. Volatile alkaloid from Cannabis 
Indica. 
Cannabino'na or Cannabinone, kan-nab'in-one. 
Soft resinous substance derived from Indian hemp; 
hypnotic. 
CannabTnum. See Canna&in and Cannabine. C. 
tan'nicum, cannabine tannate. Astringent brownish 
powder; hypnotic, derived from precipitating watery 
extract of Indian hemp by tannic acid. 
Can'nabis. Hemp; fruit of Cannabis sativa. C. 
America'na, American hemp; flowering tops of 
Cannabis sativa, cultivated in the southern United 
States. C. In'dica, Indian hemp. According to Ph. 
U. S., the flowering tops of the female plant of Can- 
nabis sativa, grown in the E. Indies,-from which 
the resin has not been removed (Ph. Br.). The leaves 
and flowers are narcotic and astringent; they are 
chewed and smoked. The seeds, mixed with opium, 
areca, and sugar, produce a kind of intoxication, 
and are so used in India. An alcoholic extract of 
the dried tops, churrus, Extractum Cannabis Indi cm 
(Ph. U. S. and Br.), has been used in Europe and 
in this country as a narcotic and anti-convulsive, in 
the dose of quarter of a grain, increased cautiously 
and gradually. Tannate of cannabine has also been 
prescribed as a narcotic and hypnotic. The dried 
plant which has flowered, and from which resin has 
not been removed, called Gunjah, Ganjah, Guaza, and 
Guazah, Haschisch, Hachisch, Hashish, or Chaschisch, 
consists of tops and tender parts only of the plant, 
collected immediately after inflorescence, and simply 
dried. C. sati'va, common hemp of Asia, America, 
and Europe. The seed, hempseed, is oily aud mu- 
cilaginous ; a decoction is sometimes used in gonor- 
rhoea. 
Cannabium, kan-nab'e-um. Cannabis, cannabine. 
Can'nabum. Hemp. 
Cannacorus radice crocea, kan-nak'or-us rad-e'se 
kro'se-ah. Curcuma longa. 
Can'nel. Laurus cinnamomum, Cinnamomum 
Zeylanicum. C. bone, clavicle. C. water, aqua cin- 
namomi. 
Cannella, kan-nel'lah. Canella; cinnamon. 
Can'nellate or Cancellated. Grooved. C. bod'- 
ies, corpora striata. 
Can'non bone. Metacarpal bone of the horse. 
CanCula. Canula. 
CanCulse (pl. of Cannula) pulmoCum. Bronchia. 
Cannular (kan'nu-lar) or Cannulate, kan'nu-late. 
Tubular. 
Canoe (kan-oo') birch. Betula papyracea. C.wood, 
Liriodendron tulipifera. 
Can'on bone. Cannon bone. 
Cano'pum. Elder flower. See Sambucus. 
Can'or stethoscop'icus (canor, tune). Metallic 
tinkling heard on auscultation. 
Can'quoin's caust'ic paste. Pasta zinci chloridi. 
Cantab'rica (from Cantabri, people of Spain). Con- 
volvulus Cantabrica. 
CantaCrum. Bran. 
Cantamen, kan-tah'men. Charm; incantation. 
Cantarella, kan-tar-el'la. Acqua tofana; Meloe 
proscarabseus. 
Cantarel'lus. Meloe proscarabaeus. CANTARIS 
Cantaris, kan'tar-is. Fumaria officinalis; can- 
tharis. 
Cantatio, kan-tah'she-o (canto, to sing). Charm; 
incantation. 
Can'tel. Vertex. 
Cante'rium. Cantherius. 
Canthal, kan'thal. Relating to canthus or angle of 
eyelids. 
Cantharellus (kan-thar-el'lus) ciba'rius. Chante- 
relle, form of fungus prized in Europe as article of 
food. 
Canthariasis, kan-thar-e'as-is. Condition of in- 
fection from cantharis or other coleopterous insect. 
Cantharic acid, kan'thar-ik as'id. C10H12O4. Acid 
derived from cantharidin by action of hydriodic acid. 
Canthar'idal. Relating to or containing canthar- 
ides. C. collo'dion, collodion with cantharides, col- 
lodium cum cantharide (Ph. U. S. and Br.). 
Cantharidate, kan-thar'id-ate. Salt of cantharidic 
acid and a base. 
Canthar'ides. See Cantharis. C. ce'rate, ceratum 
cantharidis. C. lin'iment, linimentum cantharidis. 
C. pa'per, charta cantharidis. 
Cantharidic, kan-thar-id'ik. Relating to canthar- 
ides. C. acid, C10H14O4; acid derived from canthari- 
din. C. acid, anhyd'rous, cantharidin. 
Cantharidin or Cantharidi'na. See Cantharis. 
Cantharidinic acid, kan-thar-id-in'ik as'id. Can- 
tharic acid. 
Cantharidinum, kan-thar-id-e'num. Cantharidin. 
Canthar'idism. Symptoms resulting from the em- 
ployment of cantharides, whether taken internally 
or by application of blister, such as strangury, pain 
or swelling of genital organs, and bloody urine, due 
to inflammation of kidneys or bladder or gastro- 
intestinal irritation. 
Canth'aris (pl. Cantharides) (Ph. U. S. and Br.). 
Blistering fly, Blister fly, Blister beetle, Spanish fly, Fly. 
This fly (ord. Coleoptera) is originally, perhaps, native 
of Italy and Spain. It is found on species of Olea- 
cese, as ash, privet, and lilac; and of Caprifoliacese, 
as elder and lonicera. It is the most common vesica- 
tory ; given internally, and even when absorbed from 
the skin, it stimulates the mucous membrane of the 
stomach and bowels and affects the urinary organs, 
exciting strangury. This may be prevented, in cases 
of blisters, by interposing between the blistering 
plaster and the skin a piece of tissue paper. Diluents 
relieve the strangury. Dose, internally, gr. | to j. 
If kept dry, the flies will retain activity for many 
years. Their active principle, cantharidin, canthari- 
dina, or vesicatorin, anhydride of cantharic acid, in 
colorless scales or prisms, C10H12O4, is a colorless sub- 
stance used in lieu of cantharides in cerates, plasters, 
blistering fluid, etc. Internally cantharidin has been 
recently prescribed in tuberculosis. Cantharis vesica- 
toria is the ordinary blistering insect used in Europe. 
Cantharis or Lytta vittata and C. atrata, C. mar- 
ginata, and C. cinerea of America; C. atomaria of 
Brazil; C. ruficeps of Sumatra and Java; C. gigas, 
Lytta cserulea, of Guinea and E. Indies; C. violacea, 
Lytta gigas mas, of E. Indies; C. Syriaca, Lytta sege- 
tum, of Arabia ; Mylabris, M. punctata, M. pustulata, 
and M. cichorii of China and E. Indies; Meloe pros- 
carabseus and M. maialis, or true mayworm, possess 
similar properties. C. vesicato'ria, cantharis. 
Canthec'tomy (kanthos, angle of eye, ektome, excis- 
ion). Division or excision of canthus or angle of eye. 
Canthitis, kan-the'tis. Inflammation of canthus 
of the eye. 
Canthium coronatum, kan'the-um kor-o-nat'um. 
Gardenia or Randia dumetorum. 
Cantholysis, kan-thol'is-is (kanthos, angle of eye, 
lusis, loosening). Division of canthus of eye and 
canthal ligament. 
Canthoplastice, kan-tho-plas'tis-e. Canthoplasty. 
Canthoplasty, kan'tho-plas-te (kanthos, angle of 
eye, plastikos, formative). Formation, by plastic ope- 
ration, of the angle of the eye, usually outer angle; 
an operation performed when the eyelids are not suf- 
ficiently cleft. 
184 
CAPILLARY 
.Canthorrhaphy, kan-thor'rhaf-e (kanthos, rhaphe, 
suture). Suture of angle of eye for restoration of 
normal interpalpebral fissure. 
Canthot'omy (kanthos, angle of eye, tome, incision). 
Simple division of the canthus of the eye, generally 
external canthus. 
Canthus, kan'thus. Corner or angle of the eye. 
The greater or major canthus is the inner angle; the 
lesser or external or minor canthus, the outer angle. 
See Palpebra. C., natal, inner canthus of eye. C., 
tem'poral, outer canthus. 
Cantion, kan'te-on. Crystallized sugar, candy. 
Cantong, plant of Philippines; edible, laxative, and 
externally applied to wounds, burns, and scrofulous 
sores. 
Canula (kan'u-lah) (dim. of Canna, reed) or Can'- 
nula. Small metal, wood, or rubber tube used in sur- 
gery. C., Bellocq''s, silver tube, with movable rod 
and steel spring, for introduction of a ligature in 
hemorrhage from the nose and its cavities. C., lac'- 
rymal, small tube introduced into the lacrymal duct 
in constriction of its calibre. C. pulmo'num, trachea. 
Canutillo, kan-u-te'yo. Ephedra antisyphilitica, 
growing in Texas; used internally in gonorrhoea and 
leucorrhcea; externally as a styptic. 
Can'vum. Cannabis sativa. 
Caoutchouc, kout'shook. E. Indian name for In- 
dian rubber, Elastic gum, Gum elastic, Cayenne resin, 
Cautchuc; substance formed by drying milky juice 
of Hsevea or Hevea Guaniensis, Jatropha elastica, 
Siphonia cahuchu, S. elastica, Seringue tree, and of 
Ficus Indica and Artocarpus integrifolia, and other 
S. American trees. A carbohydrogen, insoluble in 
water and alcohol. It may be sulphured or vulcan- 
ized ; that is, combined with sulphur by aid of heat, 
which process, long continued, converts it into hard 
rubber. Boiling water softens and swells it. Soluble 
in essential oils and ether, when it may be blown into 
bladders. Used in fabrication of catheters, bougies, 
pessaries, courtplaster, elastic stockings, bandages, etc. 
Cap. Conical end of lymph-follicle; tegmentum. 
C. of Bro'ca, see Prseopurculum. C., fri'ar's, Acon- 
itum napellus. C., pitch, see Depilatory. C., sol'- 
dier's, C., friar's. 
Capacity, breathing, kap-as'it-e bre'thing. See 
Vital capacity. C., calorif'ic, specific heat. C., com- 
bi'ning, atomicity. C., lung, pulmon'ic, pul'monary, 
or res'piratory, see FitaZ capacity. C., testamen'- 
tary, mental capacity sufficient to enable a person to 
make a will. C., ther'mal, specific heat. C. thora'- 
cic or vital, vital capacity. 
Cape horse sick'ness. Anthrax. 
Capelina (kap-el-e'uah) or Capelli'na. Woman's 
hat. Eecurrent bandage, resembling a riding-hood, 
applied to the head, to the clavicle in fractures of 
that bone or of the acromion process, spine of scapula, 
etc., and to stumps after amputation. C. of ampu- 
tated limb, bandage applied around a stump. C. of 
clav'icle, employed in fractures of acromion, clavicle, 
and spine of scapula. 
Capeline bandage, kap'el-een ban'daj. Capelina. 
Caper, ka'pur (goat). Odor of axilla; bromidrosis. 
C. bush or plant, Capparis spinosa; Euphorbia 
lathyris. 
Capetus, kap'et-us. Small pit or fossa. 
Capeweed. Eoccella tinctoria. C., Australian or 
New Zealand, Hypochoeris radicata. 
Caphopic'rin or Caphopic'rite. Brown bitter acid 
from rhubarb. 
Capiat, kap'e-at (let it take). Instrument for seiz- 
ing and removing foreign matters from the uterus, as 
remains of placental or other structures. 
Capillamentum, kap-il-lah-men'tum (capillus, hair). 
Villous or hairy fibril or covering. 
Capillarity, kap-il-lar'it-e. Attraction of liquids to 
walls of capillary tubes; capillary attraction; hair- 
like condition, as of fibrils. 
Capillary, kap'il-la-re (capillus, hair). Hair-like; 
very small or fine. C. attraction, power exercised 
by minute tubes, causing fluid in them to rise 
above its level. C. bronchitis, see Bronchitis. C. CAPILLATIO 
fis'sure, minute slender fissure or cleft. C. nae'vus, 
birth-mark ; form of nsevus vascularis, in which the 
capillaries are distended and massed together. C. 
tubes, tubes of delicate calibre. C. ves'sels, extreme 
radicles of arteries and veins, together constituting 
the capillary intermediate or peripheral vascular sys- 
tem. Arterial capillaries are those terminating minute 
canals; biliary and gall capillaries are the intralobular; 
pulmonary capillaries are those between pulmonary 
arteries and veins; venous capillaries are those im- 
mediately preceding formation of minute veins. 
Capillatio, kap-il-lah'she-o. Trichismus; condition 
of being covered with hair. 
Capillatus, kap-il-lat'us. Covered with fine hair; 
impuber. 
Capillic'uli. Capillary vessels. 
Capillimen'tum. Hair or hairy covering. 
Capillitium, kap-il-lish'e-um. Capillamentum; 
entropion, scalp. C. distich'ia, distichiasis. C. in- 
trica'tum, plica polonica. 
Capillorum defluvium, kap-il-lo'rum de-flu've-um. 
Alopecia. 
Capillus, kap-il'lus. Hair; hair of the head. See 
Hair. C. ven'eris, Adiantum capillus veneris. C. 
v. Canaden'sis, Adiantum pedatum or Canadense. 
Capiplenium (kap-e-plen'e-um) or Capitiplen'ium 
{caput, plenum, full). Variety of catarrh ; heaviness 
or disorder in the head; gravedo. 
Capistratio, kap-is-trah'she-o {capistrum, halter). 
Phimosis; trismus. 
Capistrum, kap-is'trum. Capelina, trismus. C. 
au'ri, borax. C. sim'plex, bandage for head or jaw; 
capelina. 
Capita (kap'it-ah) (pl. of Caput) cor'porum caver- 
noso'rum. Crura of penis. C. diaphrag'matis, crura 
of diaphragm. C. medul'lae oblonga'tae, thalami 
optici. 
Capital, kap'it-al. Belonging to the head; im- 
portant. C. operations, important or major ope- 
rations. 
Capitate (kap'it-ate) (having a head or heads) pa- 
pil'lae. Fungiform papillae. 
Capitatum, kap-it-at'um. Os magnum. 
Capitellate, kap-it-el'late. Having small head or 
prominence. 
Capitellum, kap-it-el'lum (dim. of Caput). Alembic; 
head of a small bone or small head of bone; round 
lower end of humerus. 
Capitiluvium, kap-it-e-lu've-um {caput, luo, to wash). 
Bath or wash for the head. 
Capitiplenium, kap-it-e-plen'e-um. Capiplenium. 
Capitipurgia, kap-it-e-pur'je-ah. Caput purgia. 
Capitisple'nius. Splenius capitis. 
Capititraha, kap-it-it'rah-hah {caput, traho, to 
draw). Instruments which draw down the head of 
the foetus when impacted in the pelvis. 
Capitium, kap-ish'e-um. Head-bandage. C. mag'- 
num quadrangula're or quadra'tum, four-cornered 
head-bandage. C. mi'nus or triangulate, three-cor- 
nered head-bandage. 
Capitoductor, kap-it-o-duk'tor {caput, head, duco, 
to lead). Obstetrical forceps. 
Capitones, kap-it-o'nes {caput, head). Foetuses 
whose heads are so large as to render labor difficult; 
condition is called macrocephalia. 
Capitraha, kap-it'rah-hah. Capititraha. 
Capitular (kap-it'u-lar) process. Process or dorsal 
vertebra for attachment of rib. 
Capitulum, kap-it'u-lum (dim. of Caput, head). 
Alembic, condyle; head of small bone; small head 
or process. C. arytenoi'deum, corniculum laryngis. 
C. costae, head of a rib; see Costa. C. laryn'gis, 
corniculum laryngis. C. mar'tis, Eryngium cam- 
pestre. C. medul'lse spina'lis, optic thalami. C. pi'll, 
bulb of hair. C. Santori'ni, corniculum laryngis. 
C. stape'dis, elevation for articulation of stapes and 
incus. C. ul'nae, round projection at lower end of 
ulna. 
Capituluvium, kap-it-u-lu've-um. Capitiluvium. 
Capnisis or Capnisma, kap-nis'mah {kapnos, smoke). 
Fumigation. 
185 
CAPSICIA 
Capnoides cava, kap-no-e'des kav'ah. Fumaria 
bulbosa. 
Capnorchis, kap-nor'kis. Fumaria bulbosa. 
Cap'nos or Cap'nus (kapnos, smoke). Fumaria. 
Ca'pon. Cagot; castrated fowl. 
Capparis (kap'par-is) or Cappa'ria. Caper bush, 
Prickly caper bush ; grows on shore of Mediterranean. 
Ord. Capparideee. Bark of root and buds are astrin- 
gent and diuretic; buds are stimulant and antiscor- 
butic. The latter are a well-known pickle-capers. 
C. JEgypti'aca, species of Egypt; root is diuretic and 
anthelmintic. C. amygdali'na, root and fruit of this 
S. American plant are anodyne and laxative; flowers 
used in jaundice and amenorrhoea; leaves are anti- 
spasmodic. C. aphyl'la, this Indian plant is employed 
as an application to boils, skin diseases, arthritic af- 
fections, etc. C. baduc'ca, species of caper, culti- 
vated in India. A liniment is made with its juice 
and rubbed on painful parts. The flowers are pur- 
gative. C. brevispi'na, E. Indian plant; leaves and 
flowers are cathartic. C. Brey'nia, plant of W. In- 
dies ; bark of root is diuretic, purgative, and emmen- 
agogue. C. coria'cea, plant of Peru, employed in ep- 
ilepsy and hysteria. C. cynophalloph'ora, plant of 
W. Indies; bark of root is diuretic and purgative; fruit 
is antispasmodic. C. ferrugin'ea, plant of W. Indies; 
bark of root is diuretic, cathartic, and emmenagogue. 
C. Moriso'nia, of S. America, is antispasmodic. C. 
sati'va, C. spinosa. C. soda'da, of Asia and Africa; 
unripe berries are used as a condiment; when ripe, 
are used for cases of sterility. C. spino'sa, capparis. 
Cap'ra (goat). Odor of armpits. 
Capragina (kap-rah-je'nah) or Capro'go. Galega 
officinalis. 
Cap're. Marabou mulatto, of five combinations, 
the white element in combination being 40-48, the 
colored 80-88. 
Capreolaria (kap-re-o-lah're-ah) {capreolus, tendril) 
vasa, vah'sah. Spermatic arteries and veins. 
Capreolaris, kap-re-o-lah'ris (capreolus, tendril). 
Capreolate. Twisted, spiral, as spermatic vessels. 
Capreolus, kap-re'ol-us (tendril). Helix. 
Capria, kap're-ah. Capparis spinosa. 
Capric acid, kap'rik as'id. Acid in butter, fusel 
oil, and other substances; caproic acid. 
Capricornus, kap-re-kor'nus. Plumbum. 
Caprifolia, kap-re'fo-le-ah (caper, goat, folium, leaf). 
Lonicera periclymenum. 
Caprifolium distinctum, kap-re-fo'le-um dis-tinck'- 
tum. Lonicera periclymenum. C. periclyTnenum, 
Lonicera periclymenum. C. sempervi'vens, Lonicera 
sempervivens. C. sylvat'icum, Lonicera pericly- 
menum. 
Capriloquium, kap-re-lo'kwe-um {caper, goat, loquor, 
to speak). Egophony. 
Caprinic acid, kap-rin'ik as'id. Capric acid. 
Caprizans pulsus, kap-re'zans pul'sus {caper, a 
goat). Bounding pulse. See Pulse, caprizant. 
Caproic (kap-ro'ik) or Capron'ic ac'id. C10H20O2. 
Acid in sweat, butter, and oxidized albumins; capric 
acid. 
Cap'ron. Fumaria officinalis. 
Capronic acid, kap-ron'ik as'id. Caproic acid. 
Capros (kap'ros). Penis. 
Caproylamine, kap-royl'am-een. CbIIisN. Pto- 
maines occurring in putrefaction of yeast and in cod- 
liver oil. See Ptomaines (table). 
Capryl, kap'ril. Radical of a series including ca- 
prylic acid and caprylic alcohol. 
Capryl'ic acid. Acid united with glycerin and 
some animal fats ; forms caprylates. 
Capsa, kap'sah (chest). Capsule, case. C. chirur'- 
gica, case of drawers for surgical apparatus. C. cor'- 
dis, pericardium. 
Capsaicin, kap-sa'is-in. See Capsicum annuum. 
Capsarium, kap-sah're-um. Capsula. 
Capsel'la (dim. of Capsa) bur'sa pasto'ris. 
Thlaspi bursa. 
Capsici fructus, kap'se-se fruc'tus. Red or cay- 
enne pepper. 
Capsicia, kap-sis'e-ah. See Capsicum. CAPSICIN 
Capsicin (kap'se-sin) or Capsici'na. See Capsicum. 
Capsicol, kap'sik-ol. Oily material derived from 
capsicum. 
Capsicum, kap'sik-um (kapto, to bite). Officinal 
name of fruit of Capsicum fastigiatum (Ph. U. S. and 
Br.), whence cayenne pepper is obtained-Cayenne, 
Guinea, African, Chilli, or Chilly pepper, garden gin- 
ger. The pungent aromatic properties of baccse cap- 
sici, capsicum berries, known in commerce as Guinea 
pepper, pod pepper, chillies, are yielded to ether, alco- 
hol, and wa ter. They are highly stimulant and rube- 
facient, and are used as a condiment. Powdered cap- 
sicum has been found efficacious in delirium tremens, 
in doses of gr. xx-xxx, in beef-tea and brandy mix- 
ture. A volatile alkaloid, Capsicine, has been derived 
from them; also a body resembling camphor, called 
Capsicia. C. an'nuum, chiefly grown in this country, 
was formerly regarded as the main and officinal 
source of capsicum. C. bacca'tum, bird pepper. C. 
fastigia'tum, see Capsicum. C. frutes'cens, of E. In- 
dies, spur pepper, goat pepper. These three plants are 
indigenous in warmer regions of Asia and America, 
and are cultivated all over the world. C. gros'sum, 
bell pepper, is considered a variety of C. frutescens. 
C. Hispan'icum, Capsicum annuum. C. lon'gum, C. 
annuum. C. tetrago'num, boneset pepper, from Ja- 
maica, variety of C. annuum. 
Cap'sis. Quick breathing or swallowing. 
Capsitis, kap-se'tis. Inflammation of capsule of 
lens. 
Capsocataracta, kap-so-kat-ar-ak'tah. Capsular 
cataract. 
Cap'sula (dim. of Capsa). Capsule; alveolus of lung. 
C. adipo'sa, capsule, external. C. aq'uea cartila- 
gino'sa, membrane of Descemet. C. articula'ris, 
capsular ligament. C. bul'bi oc'uli, capsule of Bon- 
net. C. commu'nis Glisso'nii, capsule of Glisson. C. 
crystal'lina, capsule of lens. C. den'tis, dental 
follicle or capsule. C. fibro'sa, sclerotica; fibrous 
capsule of kidney. C. Glisso'nii or hepat'ica, cap- 
sule of Glissou. 0. haemat'ica, capsule, htematic. C. 
humo'ris aq'uei, membrane of Descemet; see Aqueous 
humor. C. len'tis, capsule of lens. C. lumba'ris, 
receptaculum chyli. 0. Mullerii, Bowman's capsule. 
C. nervo'rum, neurilemma; perineurium. C. nu'clei 
cerebel'li, white fibres around dentate body. C. 
ova'rii, peritoneal covering of ovary. C. prseaquo'sa, 
membrane of Descemet. C. prostat'ica, pelvic and 
prostatic fascia. 0. re'nis, suprarenal capsule. C. 
Ret'zii, C. prostatica. C. sequestra'lis or seques'tri, 
see Sequestrum. C. suprarena'lis, suprarenal capsule. 
C. synoviaTis, synovial bursa. C. ve'nse por'tae, 
capsule of Glisson. 
Capsules (kap'su-le) atrab ilia 'rise. Suprarenal 
capsules. C. lie'nis or Malpig'hii, corpuscles of spleen. 
C. rena'les, suprarenal capsules. C. semina'les, 
vesiculse seminales. C. synovia'les, bursse mucosse. 
Capsular, kap'su-lar. Relating to or resembling a 
capsule. C. advance'ment, operation to produce dis- 
placement of the insertion forward of the tendon of an 
ocular muscle, drawing Tenon's capsule with it. C. 
ar'teries, suprarenal arteries and veins; vessels be- 
longing to suprarenal capsules, divided into superior, 
middle, and inferior; the first proceed from inferior 
phrenic, second from aorta, third from renal artery ; 
corresponding veins enter phrenic, vena cava, and 
renal veins. C. cat'aract, cataract of capsule of lens. 
C. lig'ament, articular or fibrous capsule. Membran- 
ous, fibrous, and elastic bags or capsules, of whitish 
consistence, thick, and resisting, which surround 
joints, are so called. 
Capsula'ris hu'mero-scapula'ris. Brachio-capsu- 
laris. 
Capsule, kap'sule (box or case). Name given by 
anatomists to enveloping parts which bear no analogy 
to each other. See Capsule, gelatinous. C., artic'ular, 
capsular ligament of joints. C., atrabil'iary, supra- 
renal capsule. C., aud'itory, otic vesicle. C. of 
Bon'net, ocular sheath at equator of eyeball, is 
pierced by tendons of the oblique muscles, and more 
anteriorly by those of the recti muscles. Posterior 
186 
CAPSULOTOMY 
portion of sheath, up to passage of tendons, is called 
capsule of Bonnet; anterior portion, capsule of Tenon. 
C., Bowman's, see Kidney. C. of a cell, cell mem- 
brane. C., cell'ular, of eye, see Eye. C., exter'nal, 
layer of fatty and connective tissue around the kid- 
ney ; layer of white nervous fibres between claustrum 
and nucleus lenticularis. C., fi'brous, capsular liga- 
ment. C., gelat'inous, capsule of gelatin, by means 
of which copaiba, disagreeable pills, powders, etc. are 
enveloped in gelatin to conceal their taste. C. of 
Glis'son, membrane described by Glisson, nothing 
more than dense areolar membrane surrounding vena 
porta and its ramifications in liver. C. of glomer'- 
ulus, see Capsule of Bowman. C. of the heart, peri- 
cardium. 0., hemat'ic, gelatinous capsule, contain- 
ing extract made from blood of calf, sheep, or ox, and 
proposed to be given where there seems to be defi- 
ciency of blood-corpuscles, as in chlorosis. C., hemor- 
rhoidal, instrument which, embracing the base of 
hemorrhoidal tumor, forms a capsule into which Vi- 
enna paste may be applied. C., hy'aloid, membrana 
limitaris of retina. C., inter'nal, white nervous fibres 
between optic thalamus and nucleus caudatus and 
nucleus lenticularis. C. of kid'ney, fibrous covering 
of kidney; C., renal. C. of lab'yrinth, bony invest- 
ment of membranous labyrinth. C. of lens, see Crys- 
talline. C. of Malpig'hi, C., Bowman's. C. of Mul- 
ler, capsule, Bowman's. C., na'sal, C., olfactory. C. 
of nerves, neurilemma. C., oc'ular, C. of Tenon ; 
see Eye. C., olfac'tory, cartilaginous or bony structure 
in animals, in which the olfactory organs are situated. 
C., op'tic, cartilaginous or bony structure in animals, 
corresponding with sclerotica in man. C., ova'rian, 
Graafian vesicle. C., persist'ent, cuticula dentis. C., 
re'nal, Suprarenal or atrabiliary capsule, Renal gland, 
Adrenals, Suprarenal body. A flat triangular body, cov- 
ering upper part of each kidney as with a helmet. The 
hollow cavity in its interior contains brown, reddish, 
or yellowish fluid. The renal capsules were long sup- 
posed to be secretory organs of fancied atrabilis. 
They are ductless glands, and much larger in the 
fcetus than in the adult, and, in the absence of defin- 
ite knowledge as to their exact functions, it has been 
supposed that their importance is possibly limited to 
the period of foetal existence. The following facts 
are of interest: The weight of the right suprarenal 
body is 4 g.; left, 4.6 g. (E. Bischoff); height, 20-34 mm.; 
breadth, 41-54; thickness (antero-posterior), 3-6, 9 at 
base (the left is generally smaller and higher than 
the right). Globular projections occasionally seen 
on their surface are called renunculi succenturiati. Su- 
prarenal cachexia, the leading characteristics of which 
are anaemia, general languor, and debility, remark- 
able feebleness of heart's action, irritability of stom- 
ach, and peculiar bronzed skin, was first described by 
Dr. Thomas Addison of London, as connected with 
diseased condition of the suprarenal capsules; hence 
called Disease of Addison, Bronzed-skin disease. C., 
sem'inal, extremity of vas deferens, which is sensibly 
dilated in vicinity of vesicular seminales; also vesic- 
ulae themselves. C., sense, cavities, in animals, as 
ear, nose, orbit, etc., in which organs of sense are con- 
tained. C. of spleen, fibrous investment of that or- 
gan. C., suprare'nal, capsule, renal. C., syno'vial, 
membranous bag surrounding movable articula- 
tions and canals and giving passage to tendons. Syn- 
ovial capsules exhale, from their articular surface, a 
fluid to favor motions of parts upon each other. See 
Bursa mucosa and Synovia. C. of teeth, enamel 
cuticle. C. of Tenon, see Capsule of Bonnet. C. of 
uriniferous tu'bule, C., Bowman's. 
Capsulitis, kap-su-le'tis. Inflammation of a capsule 
or of the capsule of the lens alone. C. ocula'ris, in- 
flammation of fibrous capsule of globe of eye. 
Cap'sulo-cilia'ris. Relating to capsule of lens and 
ciliary body. 
Cap'sulo-lentic'ular. Relating to the lens and its 
capsules. 
Capsulot'omy (capsula, tome, incision). Division 
of capsule of lens, the instrument used being called a 
Cap' sulotome. CAPTATION 
Captation. First stage of hypnotism, in which the 
subject's attention is fixed. 
Capula'ga. Amomum cardamomum. 
Capuluin, kap'u-lum. Contortion or curvature of 
the eyelids or other parts. 
Capulus, kap'u-lus (handle of anything). Penis. 
Cap'uron, cardinal points of. Fixed points on 
the pelvis, the ileo-pectineal eminence in front, the 
sacro-iliac articulations behind. 
Cap'ut (head). The head. Top of bone or other 
part. Head of small bones is sometimes termed 
■capitulum, cephalidium, cephalis, cephalium. Glans 
penis. C. angula're, head of quadratus labii superi- 
oris muscle. C. as'perse arte'rise, larynx. C. au- 
ricula're, muscular slip from styloglossus muscle, 
arising from cartilage of ear. C. cse'cum co'li or C. 
co'li, see Csecum. C. cauda'ti, C. corporis striati. C. 
cor'dis, base of heart. C. cor'nu poste'rius, ex- 
panded extremity of posterior horn of lateral half of 
gray substance of spinal cord. C. epididym'idis, 
head of epididymis; globus major. C. galea'tum, 
child's head born with a caul. C. gal'll, gallina'- 
ceum, or gallinag'inis, see Gallinaginis caput. C. 
gelatino'sum, mass of gray matter on back and inner 
margin of posterior gray column of spinal cord; sub- 
stantia gelatinosa. C. genita'le, glans. C. inclava'- 
tum or incuvea'tum, head of child impacted during 
birth. C. infraorbita'le, infraorbital head of quad- 
ratus labii superioris. C. lie'nis, head or upper end 
of spleen. C. lu'bricum, penis. C. ma'jus, head of 
epididymis; globus major. C. medul'lse, cerebrum. 
C. medulTae oblonga'tse, optic thalamus. C. Medu'- 
sse, venous dilatation around the navel in newborn 
child, and occurring also in scirrhus of the liver. 
C. mi'nus, tail of epididymis. C. mon'achi, Leonto- 
don taraxacum. C. obli'quum, adductor hallucis. C. 
ob'stipum, torticollis. C. os'sis, head of bone. C. 
pancrea'tis, head of pancreas. C. pe'nis, glans 
penis. C. pur'gia, remedies for purging the head: 
errhines, sternutatories, apophlegmatisantia, etc. C. 
quadra'tum, rectangular appearance of skull noticed 
in rickets. C. scap'ulse, acromion. C. succeda'- 
neum (succedaneous head), tumefied scalp, which first 
presents in certain cases of labor. C. ta'li, head of 
astragalus. C. ter'tium, adductor magnus femoris. 
C. tes'tis, epididymis. C. vit'uli, antirrhinum majus. 
C. zygomat'icum, a head of quadratus labii superio- 
ris ; levator anguli oris. 
Caque'ta bark. Carthagena bark. 
Car'a. Head, as of a bone. C. Schul'li, Malabar 
plant, applied externally, maturative and resolvent; 
decoction of root used internally in ischuria. 
Carabac'cium. Aromatic wood of India; tonic, 
stomachic, and antiscorbutic. 
Carabay'a bark. From Brazil; allied to cinchona 
bark; Cinchona elliptica. 
Carabus, kar'ab-us. Genus of coleopterous insects, 
recommended for toothache, pressed between the 
fingers and rubbed on the gum and tooth. Some 
species are vesicant. 
Cara'che. Pustular eruption on negroes in Peru. 
Caracosmos, ka-ra-koz'mos. Sour milk; see Oxy- 
gala. 
Caragahen. Carrageen. 
Caragana flava (kar-ag-an'ah flav'ah) or macro- 
phyl'la. Shrub, roots of which are considered in 
China as tonic and emollient, and used also in gout 
and rheumatism. 
Car'ageen. Carrageen. 
Caragna, kar-an'yah. Caranna. 
Caraiba, kar-i'bah. Coroba. 
Caraipa angustifolia, kar-i'pah an-gus-te-fo'le- 
ah. Astringent tree of Guiana, S. America. C. 
fascicula'ta, S. American tree yielding balsam of 
tamacoari, used in scabies. 
Caraman'nia gum. Bassora gum. 
Carama'ta. Tree in Pomeroon, febrifuge bark of 
which is used in typhoid and remittent fevers. 
Carambola, kar-am'bol-ah. Averrhoa carambola. 
Caramel, kar'ah-mel. Sugar subjected to action of 
heat, nearly 400° F., until partly decomposed; deli- 
187 
CARBOHYDRATES 
quescent, of brown color, and strong, agreeable empy- 
reumatic odor. 
Caranna (kar-an'yah) or Carag'na. Tacamahaca 
caragna, gum caranna; gum resin flowing from Icico 
caranna, in New Spain, and formerly used as vulne- 
rary and in plasters. 
Carapa Guianensis, kar-ap'ah gee - an - en' sis. 
Andiroba; S. American tree, ord. Meliacese; bark is 
bitter and astringent; antiperiodic and anthelmintic, 
virtues depending upon peculiar bitter principle, 
carapin. Oil of the nuts, oleum carapse, or crab oil, is 
bitter and anthelmintic, and poisonous to insects. C. 
Guineen'sis, indigenous in Senegal; oil expressed from 
it-kundah or tallicoonah oil-is purgative and an- 
thelmintic ; decoction of wood is tonic, and the resin 
is used as fumigative in chronic otorrhcea. C. In'- 
dica or Moluccen'sis, E. Indian tree, bark and 
root of which are bitter, tonic, and used in diar- 
rhoea and dysentery; seeds are used in colic. C. 
Rumph'ii, of E. Indies, has similar properties. 
C. toulou'couna, bark has properties similar to C. 
Guineensis; from it a bitter resinoid, touloucounin, 
is obtained. 
Carapat, kar'ap-at. Castor oil; Ricinus com- 
munis. 
Cara'te or Cara'thes. Form of endemic chloasma 
in S. America, New Granada especially, affecting 
colored races particularly. 
Caraway, kar'a-way. Carum. C. seeds, see Carum. 
C. water, aqua carui. 
Car'bamide. Urea, regarded as the urine of an acid 
radical with the compound radical amidogen, NH2; or 
compound of urea and radical. 
Carbanilamide, karb-an-il'am-ide. Phenylurea or 
amide of carbanitic acid. 
Carbanilethane, karb-an-il'eth-ane. Ethyl phenyl- 
carbamate ; phenylurethane. 
Carbasa (kar'bas-ah) or Carbasus, kar'bas-us. 
Lint; surgical gauze. C. ac'idi carbol'ici, carbolic 
acid gauze. C. eucalyp'ti, eucalyptus gauze. C. 
thy'mol, thymol gauze. 
Carbazol, karb'az-ol. Diphenylimide. 
Carbazotate, karb-az'ot-ate. Picrate. C. of ammo'- 
nia or ammo'nium, picrate of ammonia or ammo- 
nium ; combination of ammonia with carbazotic or 
picric acid, found efficient in intermittent fever and 
whooping cough. 
Carbazotic acid, karb-az-ot'ic as'id. Picric acid. 
Car'bide. Carburet. 
Carbinol, kar'bin-ol. Methyl alcohol. 
Car'bo. Carbon; elementary body, extensively 
distributed in nature, one of principal elements of 
organized bodies; coal; charcoal. Anthrax. C. ani- 
ma'lis, animal charcoal, usually prepared by subjecting 
bones to red heat in close vessels. Result is bone black 
or ivory black; given in same cases as carbo ligni. 
The Ph. U. S. and Br. contain a formula for prepara- 
tion of carbo animalis purificatus, purified animal 
charcoal. C. car'nis, C. animalis. C. fu'ci vesicu- 
lo'si, charcoal prepared from sea-wrack, applied ex- 
ternally in scrofulous enlargements. C. huma'num, 
human excrement. C. lig'ni (Ph. U. S. and Br.), 
Charcoal, Wood charcoal; fresh charcoal is antiseptic; 
used to improve digestive organs in cases of worms, 
dyspepsia, etc.; as cataplasm to gangrenous and fetid 
ulcers, tinea, etc., and forms good tooth-powder; dose, 
gr. 0. lig'no, C. ligni. 0. os'sium, animal 
charcoal. C. pal'pebrae or palpebra'rum, anthra- 
cosis. C. pa'nis, burnt bread. C. san'guinis, burnt 
blood. C. spon'giae, spongia usta. 0. trichlora'tus, 
carbonis trichloridum. C. vegeta'bilis or vegeta'lis, 
wood charcoal. 
Carbohaemia, kar-bo-he'me-ah {carbo, haima, blood). 
Accumulation of waste and excrementitious carbon or 
of carbon compounds in the blood. 
Carbohy'drates. Composed of carbon, hydrogen, 
and oxygen, the H and O forming water; starch dex- 
trin and sugar, for example. They generally contain 
six atoms of carbon or a multiple of six; most of 
them are white, solid, and soluble in water. The 
most important carbohydrates are the sugar and CARBOLATE 
starch groups, as saccharoses, glucoses, and amyloses, 
as arranged in the following table (Simon): 
CLASSIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES. 
188 
J CARBONIS 
form by action of chlorine, or by passing dry chlorine 
through bottle containing sulphuret of carbon. As 
an anaesthetic it resembles chloroform, but has a more 
depressing effect on the action of the heart. C. 
bisul'phide, carbonis sulphuretum. C. diox'ide, 
carbonic acid. C. monox'ide, carbonic oxide. C. 
sesquichlo'ride, carbonis trichloridum. C. ses- 
quii'odide, carbonis sesquiiodidum. C., sul'phide, 
carbonis sulphuretum. C. sul'phuret, carbonis 
sulphuretum. C. terchlo'ride, carbonis trichlo- 
ridum; see Chloroform. C. tetrachlo'ride, carbon, 
bichloride of. 
Carbonaceous, kar-bon-a'shus. Carboniferous. 
Carbonsemia, kar-bon-e'me-ah. Undue quantity 
of carbon-carbon dioxide-in the blood. 
Carbonagogue, kar-bon'ag-og (carbon, agogos, lead- 
ing). Agent that expels carbon. 
Carbonas, kar-bo'nas. Carbonate; generic name 
for salt formed by combination of carbonic acid with 
salifiable base. C. ammo'niae or ammo'nicus, am- 
monium carbonate. C. baryt'icus, barium carbonate. 
C. bismu'thicus, bismuth carbonate. C. cal'cicus, 
calcium carbonate. C. ferri-saccha'ratus seu ferro'- 
sus carbona'tus, saccharated carbonate of iron. C. 
ka'licus, potassium carbonate. C. lith/icus, lithium 
carbonate. C. magne'sicus, magnesium carbonate. 
C. na'tricus, sodium carbonate. C. plum'bicus, lead 
carbonate. C. potas'sicus, potassium carbonate. C. 
so'dicus, sodium carbonate. C. so'dii, sodium car- 
bonate. C. zin'cicus, zinc carbonate. 
Carbonate, kar'bon-ate. Carbonas. C. ammo'- 
nium, ba'rium, i'ron, lith'ium, etc., see Ammonium, 
Barium, Iron, Lithium, etc. 
Carbonated, kar'bon-a'ted. Impregnated with 
carbonic acid. 
Carbo'nei bisul'phidum (Ph. U. S.). Carbon bisul- 
phide ; internally, not important except as a poison ; 
externally, counter-irritant and a local anaesthetic. 
C. tetrachlo'ridum, carbon tetrachloride. C. tri- 
chlo'ridum, carbon trichloride. 
Carboneum, kar-bo'ne-um. Carbon. C. chlora'- 
tum, chloroform. C. oxyda'tum, carbonic oxide. C. 
sulphura'tum, carbon bisulphide. C. trichlora'tum, 
carbon trichloride. 
Carbonic acid, kar-bon'ik as'id. Solid air of Hales, 
Factitious or fixed air, Carbonaceous or calcareous or 
aerial or mephitic acid, Mephitic air, Carbon dioxide; gas 
supporting neither respiration nor combustion, not 
often used in medicine. It is the main agent in effer- 
vescent draughts, fermenting poultices, etc.; it is often 
found occupying the lower parts of mines-then called 
choke damp-caverns, tombs, wells, brewers' vats, 
etc., and not unfrequently has been a cause of death; 
lime thrown into such places absorbs the carbonic 
acid. C. ac'id wa'ter, aqua acidi carbonici; carbon 
monoxide. C. ox'ide, gas resulting from passing car- 
bonic acid over red-hot charcoal or metallic iron; 
positively deleterious, often causing injurious phe- 
nomena, which have been ascribed to inhalation of 
carbonic acid; when directed on denuded surface it 
produces anaesthetic effects similar to those of chloro- 
form. 
Carboniferous, kar-bon-if'er-us (carbon, fero, to 
bear). Containing carbon. 
Carbonis bichloridum, kar-bo'nis bi-klo'rid-um. 
Bichloride or dichloride or tetrachloride of carbon, 
chlorocarbon, tetrachlormethane, perchlormethane. 
Made by decomposing olefiant gas, chloroform, or 
bisulphide of carbon by chlorine gas. Transparent, 
very volatile, oily fluid, smelling something like 
chloroform; s. g. 1.59. When inhaled acts like chlo- 
roform, but more slowly and depressingly on the 
heart; has been used hypodermically in neurotic 
affections in dose of 20 drops. C. sesquichlo'ridum, 
carbonis trichloridum. C. sesquiio'didum or sesqui- 
iodure'tum, sesquiiodide or sesquii'oduret of carbon. 
Made by mixing concentrated alcoholic solutions of 
iodine and potassa, until former loses its color; solu- 
tion is obtained from which water throws down yel- 
low precipitate, sesquiiodide of carbon. Used in en- 
larged glands and in cutaneous affections; applied 
Glucoses. 
Saccharoses. 
Amyloses. 
CfiH12O6. 
I Grape-sugar, 
Cane-sugar, 
Starch. 
Vegetable, - 
| Fruit-sugar, 
Melitose, 
Dextrin. 
Mannitose, 
Maltose, 
Gums. 
Cellulose. 
Animal, 
Inosite, 
Milk-sugar, 
Glycogen. 
Carbolate, kar'bo-late. Salt formed by union of 
carbolic acid with a base. Carbolates, especially car- 
bolate of lime, have been much used as antibromics 
and disinfectants, and internally in diarrhoea, etc. 
Carbolic acid, kar-bol'ik as'id (carbo, oleum, oil). 
Phenic acid, Phenylic acid, Phenol, Coal-tar, Creasote, 
Hydrated oxide of phenyl, Phenylic alcohol, Phenyl 
hydrate. CbIIsiIIO. Solid substance obtained from 
products of distillation of coal-tar, between 180°-190° 
C. (356°-374° F.). More closely identified in com- 
position with alcohols than acids; white or colorless 
when pure, odor and taste like creasote, fusible at 
from 93° to 106°, forming oily liquid, soluble in 20 parts 
of water at 60° F., and in alcohol, ether, glycerin, 
and essential oils. It is officinal in Ph. U. S. and Br., 
under name Acidum carbolicum. It is generally em- 
ployed externally; when applied pure or in strong 
solution, it is a strong irritant, exciting burning pain, 
which is followed by local anaesthesia. Prevents or 
corrects putrefaction in animal substances, and has 
therefore been used in cases of purulent infection, 
dissecting wounds, hospital gangrene, etc. It has 
also been extensively employed as a disinfectant, 
and, from its parasiticidal influence, in diseases con- 
nected with presence of microscopic plants or animals, 
as in scabies, porrigo, thrush, etc., applied in weak 
solution or ointment. It has been used as a dressing 
for wounds, and as a gentle irritant or alterative, or 
concentrated, as a mild escharotic, in chronic ulcers, 
cutaneous affections, etc. Internally, it is given in 
doses of one or two grains, or in its concentrated 
liquid form (obtained by placing bottle containing it 
in hot water) of one or two drops, in a tablespoonful 
or two of sweetened water, in vomiting or diarrhoea 
or gastric and intestinal affections of zymotic origin, 
as yeasty vomiting, flatulence depending on fermenta- 
tion in undigested food, etc. Its salts, as carbolates 
or phenates, are used externally in solution. 
Carbolic acid may be prescribed externally in 
aqueous, alcoholic, and ethereal solutions, solution in 
glycerin-glyceritum acidi carbolici (Ph. Br.)-lard, 
etc., in form of carbolized or antiseptic liniments, 
ointments (unguentum acidi carbolici, Ph. U. S. and 
Br.), plasters, etc. The Ph. Br. has acidum carbolicum 
liquefactum, carbolic acid, liquefied by addition of 
10 per cent, of water. C. ac'id, impure', acidum 
carbolicum crudum (Ph. U. S.), liquid obtained during 
distillation of coal-tar at temperature between 170°- 
190° or 338° and 374° F.; it consists of carbolic and 
cresylic acids, with impurities derived from coal-tar, 
and is used externally or for disinfecting purposes. 
C. acid, liq'uefied, see Carbolic acid. C. acid pois'- 
oning, carbolism; symptoms are weak pulse, faint- 
ness, muscular debility, stertorous expiration. C. 
ac'id wa'ter, see Carbolic acid. 
Carbolism, kar'bol-izm. Deleterious effects upon 
the system by absorption of carbolic acid, when taken 
internally to excess or absorbed through an exposed 
surface, with perhaps vomiting and diarrhoea, coma, 
anaesthesia, dark urine, and sometimes a fatal result. 
If the acid has been swallowed, give albuminous 
drinks, sweet oil, lime-water, or soluble sulphate. 
Carbolized, kar'bol-ized. Carbolated; treated with 
carbolic acid, so as to make the substance antiseptic. 
Carbolu'ria. Occurrence of an aromatic compound 
in the urine following the internal administration 
of carbolic acid. 
Carbon. Carbo; charcoal. C. bichlo'ride, car- 
bonic chloride, tetrachloride of carbon; transparent 
colorless fluid with ethereal odor, made from chloro- CARBONIUM 
externally. See Iodoform. C. sulphure'tum, sul- 
phuret, sulphide, bisulphide, or bisulphuret of car- 
bon, carburet of sulphur. Transparent, colorless fluid, 
with very penetrating, disagreeable odor and taste, 
cooling at first, but afterward acrid and aromatic; 
diffusible, excitant, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmena- 
gogue, and antispasmodic. Used externally where 
cooling influence must be rapidly exerted, and as local 
anaesthetic, and also inhaled as an anaesthetic. C. 
trichlo'ridum or sesquichlo'ridum, terchloride or 
sesquichloride of carbon. Formed by action of chlo- 
rine or chlorohydric ether under influence of sun- 
light. Has been given in cholera and applied to cor- 
rect fetor of foul ulcers. 
Carbonium, kar-bo'ne-um. Charcoal. C. sulphu- 
ra'turn, carbonis sulphuretum. 
Carbonization, kar-bon-i-za'shun. Process by which 
substances are changed into charcoal by combustion. 
Carbonized, kar'bon-ized. Changed into charcoal. 
Carbonometry, kar-bon-om'et-re {carbon, metron, 
measure). Estimation of amount of carbonic acid in 
air of expiration. 
Car'bonyl. Class of compounds uniting with H 
to form alcohol; uniting with H and O of water to 
form monobasic acids. 
Carbosulphuric acid, kar-bo-sul-fu'rik as'id. Sul- 
phocarbolic acid. 
Carboxyhaemoglo'bin. Compound of haemoglobin 
and carbon monoxide, producing suffocation when 
brought in contact with the red corpuscles by its 
paralyzant action upon them. 
Carbox'yl. Carbonyl. 
Carbuncle, kar'bun-kl (dim. of Carbo, live coal). 
Localized, deeply-seated suppurative inflammation 
involving the skin and cellular tissue, accompanied 
with a hard, painful swelling and asthenia; often er- 
roneously termed anthrax, although allied to it in 
symptoms, etc. Anthrax. C. ber'ry, terminthus. C., 
fa'cial, cedematous inflammatory swelling of the lip, 
involving the nose and cheek, often preceded by pus- 
tule or vesicle; painful, sloughing, and accompanied 
with constitutional depression. It is sometimes ma- 
lignant; miscalled malignant pustule. C., fun'gous, 
chronic fungous discharging tumor on head or trunk; 
terminthus. C. of tongue, glossanthrax. 
Car'buncled face. Gutta rosea. 
Carbuncular (kar-bun'ku-lar) or Carbun'culate. 
Eelating to or resembling carbuncle; anthracoid. C. 
erysip'elas, symptomatic charbon. C. exan'them, 
anthracia. 
Carbunculatio oculi, kar-bun-ku-lah'she-o ok'u-le. 
Gangrenous inflammation of the eyelids. 
Carbunculation, kar-bun-ku-la'shun. Formation 
of carbuncle; development of gangrene. 
Carbunculoid, kar-bun'ku-loid. Resembling car- 
buncle. 
Carbunculosis, kar-bun-ku-lo'sis. Anthracosis. 
Carbunculous, kar-buu'ku-lus. Relating to car- 
buncle. 
Carbunculus, kar-bun'ku-lus (dim. of Carbo, live 
coal). Carbuncle, anthrax. C. anglno'sus, cynanche 
maligna. C. benig'nus, boil. C. bul'bi, carbuncular 
inflammation of eye. C. contagio'sus, see Anthrax. 
C. epizod'ticus, malignant pustule. C. fungoi'des, 
carbuncle, fungous. C. Gal'licus, see Anthrax. C. 
Hungar'icus, see Anthrax. C. labio'rum et gena'- 
rum, cancer aquaticus. C. mag'nus or malig'nus, 
contagious anthrax. C. oc'uli, anthracosis of eye. 
C. palpebra'rum, gangrenous inflammation of the 
eyelids. C. pestilentiaTis, contagious anthrax. C. 
Polo'nicus, see Anthrax. C. pulmo'num, gangrenous 
inflammation of the lungs. C. septentriona'lis, see 
Anthrax. C. sep'ticus, contagious anthrax. C. Sibe'- 
ricus, malignant pustule. C. sim'plex or sporad'- 
icus, anthrax. C. symptomat'icus, anthrax as a 
symptom of other affections, as certain fevers or epi- 
demic diseases. C. ulcusculo'sus, cynanche maligna. 
Car'buret. Compound of carbon and some other 
element; carbide. 
Carburetted hydrogen, kar-bu-ret'ted hi'dro-jen. 
See Hydrogen, carburetted. 
189 
CARDAMOM 
Carcaros, kar'kar-os (karkairo, to tremble). Fever 
with general tremor and unceasing noise in the ears; 
intermittent fever. 
Carche'sium. Apparatus for reduction of disloca- 
tions. 
Carcinsemia, kar-sin-e'me-ah. Cancerous cachexia. 
Carcinelcosis, kar-sin-el-ko'sis (carcinus, helkosis, 
ulceration). Cancerous ulcer. 
Carcinodes (kar-sin-o'deez) or Carcinoi'des. Can- 
ceroid. 
Carcinoma, kar-sin-o'mah (karkinos, cancer). Can- 
cer. C. alveola're, colloid. C. asbol'icum, chimney- 
sweeper's cancer. C., atroph'ic, barsati. C. camina- 
rio'rum, chimney-sweeper's cancer. C. collo'des or 
colloi'des, see Colloid. C. cuta'neum or cu'tis, can- 
cer of the skin. C. du'rum, scirrhus. C. encephaloi'- 
des, encephaloid. C. epithelio'des or epithelio'- 
sum, epithelial cancer. C. fascicula'tum, spindle- 
celled sarcoma. C. fibro'sum, scirrhus. C. gelati- 
no'sum, colloid cancer. C. glandula're, glandular 
cancer of the epithelium. C. gum, colloid. C. hsema- 
to'des, hsematodes fungus. C., hepat'ic, hepatoscir- 
rhus. C. hyali'num, colloid. C. intestino'rum, cancer 
of the intestines. C. lenticula're, scirrhous can- 
cer of the skin, afterward involving the glands. C. 
lin'guse, glossocarcinoma. C. of the liv'er, hepato- 
scirrhus. C. medulla're or medullo'sum, encepha- 
loid. C. melano'des or melanot'icum, cancer, 
melanotic. C. mol'le, encephaloid. C. mucip'arum 
or muco'sum, colloid. C. myxomato'des, cancer in 
which mucous tissue is involved. C. ni'grum, cancer, 
melanotic. C. osteo'i'des, spina ventosa; osteoid can- 
cer. C. reticula're or reticula'tum, scirrhus. C. sar- 
comato'des, sarcomatous cancer. C. scirrho'sum, 
scirrhus. C. scro'ti, cancer, chimney-sweeper's. C. 
sim'plex, scirrhus. C. spongio'sum, encephaloid, 
haematodes fungus. C., squam'ous-celled, epithelial 
cancer. C. testic'uli, see Sarcocele. C. tubero'sum, 
cancer involving connective tissue, nodules appear- 
ing on various parts, going on to softening and 
ulceration. C., tu'bular, cylindroma. C. u'teri, 
metrocarcinoma, metroscirrhus. C. ventric'uli, gas- 
troscirrhus; see Gastrostenosis. C. villo'sum, cancer, 
villous; papilloma. 
Carcinomatous, kar-sin-om'at-us. Eelating to car- 
cinoma. 
Carcinomelcosis, kar-sin-om-el-ko'sis. Carcinel- 
cosis. 
Carcinoses, kar-sin-o'ses. Family of diseases em- 
bracing different forms of cancer. 
Carcinosis, kar-sin-o'sis. General development 
of carcinoma; cancerous cachexia; cancer. 
Carcinosus, kar-sin-o'sus. Cancerous. 
Carcinous, kar'sin-us. Cancerous. 
Carcinus, kar'sin-us. Cancer. C. ebur'neus, scle- 
rema. C. globulo'sus, carcinoma tuberosum. C. 
medulla'ris, medullary carcinoma. C. mela'neus, 
melanotic cancer. C. spongio'sus, medullary carci- 
noma. 
Cardamantica, kar-dam-an'tik-ah. Cardamine pra- 
tensis, Lepidium iberis. 
Cardamine (kar - dam - e' ne) ama'ra. European 
bitter-cress, antiscorbutic. C. chelido'nia, herb of S. 
Europe, antiscorbutic. C. fonta'na, Sisymbrium nas- 
turtium. C. hirsu'ta, species of small bitter-cress; 
properties those of C. amara. C. impa'tiens, species 
of England and France, with similar properties. C. 
nastur'tium, Sisymbrium nasturtium. C. praten'sis, 
Cardamon, Cardamum, Ladies-smock, Cuckoo-flower, Com- 
mon bitter cress, Meadow cress, ord. Cruciferae. Flowers 
are alterative, antiscorbutic, and antispasmodic. C. 
umbro'sa, C. amara. 
Cardaminum minus, kar-dam'e-num me'nus. Tro- 
pseolum majus. 
Cardamom, kar'dam-om. Fruit of Elettaria carda- 
momum (Ph. U. S.), and various species of amomum 
and elettaria. C., Bengal', Amomum maximum. C., 
clus'ter, Amomum cardamomum. C., great'er, or 
greater Jav'a, Amomum grana paradisi. C., Jav'a, 
Amomum maximum. C., les'ser, Amomum cardamo- 
mum. C., long, fruit of Elettaria major from Ceylon. C., CARDAMOMUM 
Madagascar, fruit of Amomum angustifolium or 
A. grana paradisi. C., Mal'abar, variety of lesser 
cardamom; see Amomum cardamomum. C., Nepal', 
Amomum maximum. C., official or officinal, Amo- 
mum cardamomum. C., round, Amomum cardamo- 
mum. C., small, C., lesser. C., true, Amomum carda- 
momum. 
Cardamomum, kar-dam-o'mum. See Amomum 
cardamomum. C. Ar'abum, Amomum grana paradisi. 
C. ma'jus, Amomum grana paradisi. C. Malabaren'- 
se or Malabar'icum, see Amomum cardamomum. C. 
maximum, Amomum grana paradisi. C. mi'nus, 
Amomum cardamomum. C. pipera'tum, Amomum 
grana paradisi. C. racemo'sum, Amomum cardamo- 
mum. C. rotun'dum, Amomum cardamomum. C., 
wild, Fagarastrum Capense. C. Zeylanlcum, Ceylon 
cardamom. 
Cardamomus, kar-dam-o'mus. Cardamomum. 
Cardamon (kar'dam-on) or Car'damum. Carda- 
mine pratensis. 
Car'den's amputation, am-pu-ta'shun. See Ampu- 
tation. 
Cardia, kar'de-ah (the heart). Superior or oesoph- 
ageal orifice of the stomach. The heart. 
Cardiac, kar'de-ak. Relating to the heart or to the 
upper orifice of the stomach. A cordial. Tonic to 
the heart. C. an'eurism, aneurism of the heart. C. 
ap'oplexy, hemorrhage in the structure of the heart. 
C. ar'teries, coronary arteries, two in number; arise 
from aorta, little above free edge of sigmoid valves, 
and are distributed on both surfaces of the heart. C. 
asth'ma, asthma dependent on disease of the heart. 
C. cy'cle, period of a systole and diastole of the heart. 
C. disease, generic term for the diseases of the heart. 
C. gan'glia, minute ganglia upon nerves distributed 
to the heart. C. gan'glion, G. of Wrisberg, nervous 
ganglion situate beneath the arch of the aorta, to the 
right side of the ligament of the ductus arteriosus in 
the superficial cardiac plexus. C. glands, small oesoph- 
ageal glands at cardiac opening of stomach. Small 
lymphatic glands in mediastinum. C. im'pulse, visi- 
ble elevation of the chest-wall from movement of the 
heart. C. mur'murs, see Murmurs. C. mus'cle, the 
muscular substance of the heart. C. nerves, com- 
monly three on each side, superior, middle, and infe- 
rior, furnished by corresponding cervical ganglia. 
Usually there are two on the left side, the upper and 
middle, drawing their origin from the last two cervi- 
cal ganglia. There are, besides, cardiac filaments, 
from the pneumogastric nerve, confounded with the 
above. C. notch, space on anterior surface of left lung 
for apex of heart. C. or 'ifice, opening between stom- 
ach and oesophagus. C. or'ifices, opening between 
cavities of the heart. C. plex'us, there are three 
plexuses: 1. Great cardiac plexus, situate upon bifur- 
cation of trachea ; formed by convergence of middle 
and inferior cardiac nerves, and by branches from 
the pneumogastric, descendens noni, and first thoracic 
ganglion. 2. Anterior cardiac plexus, situate in front 
of ascending aorta near its origin; formed by fila- 
ments from superior cardiac nerves, from cardiac 
ganglion, and from great cardiac plexus. Filaments 
from this plexus accompany the left coronary artery, 
and form the anterior coronary plexus. 3. Posterior 
cardiac plexus, seated upon posterior part of ascending 
aorta near its origin; formed by branches from great 
cardiac plexus; divides into two sets of branches, 
which together constitute the posterior coronary 
plexus. C. revolution, C. cycle. C. sed'atives, sub- 
stances which diminish the force and frequency of 
the action of the heart; see Heart. C. sounds, heart, 
sounds of. C. stim'ulants, substances which speedily 
increase the force and frequency of the pulse in cases 
of depressed vitality, etc.; see Heart. C. ton'ics, sub- 
stances which do not exhibit any immediate action on 
the heart, but which gradually increase the force of 
the pulse; see Heart. C. valves, see Heart. C. veins, 
coronary veins, commonly four in number, two ante- 
rior and two posterior. Among the former-venae 
innominate of Vieussens-one runs along the right 
border of the heart, called the vein of Galen. The 
190 
CARDIMELECH 
cardiac veins open into the right auricle by one orifice, 
furnished with a valve. 
Cardi'aca cris'pa or lyc'opus. Leonurus cardiaca. 
C. pas'sio, cardialgia. C. triloba'ta or vulga'ris, 
Leonurus cardiaca. 
Cardiaci (kar-de'as-e) mor'bi. Diseases of the 
heart. 
Cardiacus, kar-de'ak-us. Cardiac, cordial, stom- 
achal. Leonurus. 
Cardiagra, kar-de'ag-rah (cardia, agra, seizure). 
Cardialgia; gout or pain of the heart. 
Cardiagraphy, kar - de-ag'ra-fe (cardia, grqphe, 
description). Anatomical description of the heart. 
Cardial, kar'de-al. Relating to the heart; cardiac. 
Cardialgia, kar-de-al'je-ah (cardia, algos, pain) or 
Cardial'gy. Pain of the stomach; stomach-ache; 
heartburn. Impaired appetite, with gnawing or burn- 
ing pain in the stomach or epigastrium; symptom of 
dyspepsia. Neuralgia of the stomach. Pyrosis. Ner- 
vous cardialgia is a painful affection of the stomach 
not dependent on perceptible change of structure. 
C. inflammato'ria, gastritis. C., ner'vous, see Car- 
dialgia. C. sputato'ria, pyrosis. 
Cardialgic, kahr-de-al'jik (same etymon). Relating 
to, or affected with, cardialgia. 
Cardial'gy. Cardialgia. 
Cardialogy, kar-de-al'o-je (cardia, logos, discourse). 
Treatise on the heart. Anatomy of the heart. De- 
scription of the heart. 
Cardiamorphia, kar - de - ah - mor'fe-ah (cardia, a, 
priv., morphe, shape). Malformation of the heart. 
Cardiansesthe'sia or Cardiansesthe'sis. Loss of 
sensibility of the heart. 
Cardianastrophe, kar-de-an-as'tro-fe (cardia, anas- 
trophe, turning round). Transposition or displace- 
ment of the heart. 
Cardianeuria, kar-de-ah-nu're-ah (cardia, a, priv., 
neuron, nerve). Deficient nervous power of the heart. 
Cardianeurysma, kar - de - an - u - riz'mah. Aneu- 
rism of the heart. Dilatation of cardiac orifice of the 
stomach. 
Cardiant, kar'de-ant. Medicine affecting the action 
of the heart; see Cardiac sedatives, C. stimulants, and 
C. tonics. 
Cardiaplegia, kar-de-ah-ple'je-ah. Cardioplegia. 
Cardiarctia, kar-de-ark'te-ah (cardia, arctus, nar- 
row). A hybrid term denoting diminution of cavities 
of the heart from hypertrophy. Cardiostenosis. 
Cardiasthma, kar-de-asth'mah. Cardiac asthma. 
Cardiatelia, kar-de-ah-ta'le-ah. Defective devel- 
opment of the heart. Atelecardia. 
Cardiatomy, kar-de-at'o-me (cardia, tome, incision). 
Cardiotomy. Dissection of the heart; anatomy of 
the heart. 
Cardiatrophia, kar-de-at-rof'e-ah. Atrophy of 
the heart. 
Cardiauxe, kar-de-awks'e (cardia, auxe, increase). 
Hypertrophy of the heart. 
Cardicentesis, kar-de-sen-ta'sis (cardia, kentesis, 
puncture). Puncture of the heart; aspiration of the 
heart. 
Cardiechemata, kar - de - ek - em' at - ah (cardia, 
echema, sound). Heart-sounds. 
Cardlectasis, kar-de-ek'tas-is (cardia, ektasis, exten- 
sion). Dilatation of the heart; see Aneurism of the 
heart. Cardianeurysma. C. partia'lis, aneurism of 
the heart. 
Cardielcosis, kar-de-el-ko'sis (cardia, helcos, ulcer). 
Ulceration of the heart. 
Cardiethmoliposis, kar-de-eth-mo-lip-o'sis (cardia, 
ethmos, sieve, lipos, fat). Deposit of adipose matter in 
connective tissue of the heart. Steatosis cordis. 
Cardieurysma, kar-de-u-riz'mah (cardia, eurusma, 
dilatation). Aneurism of the heart; abnormal dilata- 
tion of the heart. 
Cardihelcosis, kar-de-hel-ko'sis. Ulceration of the 
heart. 
Cardilsea, kar-de-le'ah. Cardialgia. 
Cardimelech, kar-dim'el-ek. Supposititious active 
principle seated in the heart, governing the vital 
functions. CARDINAL 
Cardinal (kar'din-al) flow'er. Lobelia cardinalis. 
C. f., blue, Lobelia syphilitica. C. plant, Lobelia car- 
dinalis. 0. points, principal nodal and focal points 
associated with refraction of spherical surfaces. C. 
veins, veins in the embryo, passing from the Wolffian 
bodies to the heart. 
Cardinamentum, kar - din - am - en' turn (cardo, 
hinge). Ginglymus; gomphosis; articular surface 
of inferior extremity of humerus. 
Cardio-aortic, kar'de-o-a-ort'ik. Eelating to heart 
and aorta. C.-arte'rial, relating to heart and arte- 
ries. 
Cardiobotanum, kar-de-o-bot'an-um. Centaurea 
benedicta. 
Cardiocele, kar-de-o-se'le (Eng. kar'de-o-seel), 
(cardia, kele, rupture). Hernia of the heart, especially 
into the abdominal cavity, C. abdominalis. 
Cardiocentesis, kar-de-o-sen-ta'sis. Cardicentesis. 
Cardioclasis, kar-de-ok'las-is (cardia, klasis, rup- 
ture). Eupture of the heart. 
Cardiodemia, kar-de-o-de'me-ah (cardia, demos, 
fat). Fatty heart. 
Cardiodyne, kar-de-od'in-e (cardia, odune, pain). 
Pain in,the heart or cardiac region; cardialgia. C. 
spasmod'ica intermit'tens, angina pectoris. 
Cardiodyn'ic (same etymon). Eelating to pain in 
the heart. 
Cardiodyssesthesia (kar-de-o-dis-es-tha'ze-ah) or 
Cardiodyssesthesis, kar-de-o-dis-es-tha'sis. Impaired 
sensibility of the heart. 
Cardiodysneuria, kar-de-o-dis-nu're-ah. Impaired 
nervous supply to the heart; want of tone in the 
heart. 
Cardiogmus, kar-de-og'mus. Cardialgia; palpita- 
tion ; obscure aneurism of the heart or great vessels ; 
angina pectoris. C. cor'dis sinis'tri, angina pectoris. 
C. strumo'sus, exophthalmic goitre. 
Cardiogram, kar'de-o-gram. Tracing of move- 
ments, or beat of apex, of heart by a cardiograph. 
Cardiograph, kar'de-o-graf (cardia, grapho, to 
write). Instrument in which traces of the ventricles 
are communicated to a writing-lever, similar to a 
sphygmograph. 
Cardiography, kar - de - og' raf - e. Examination 
with a cardiograph. 
Car'dio-inhib'itory cen'tre. Supposed nerve-cen- 
tre in medulla oblongata, arresting the heart's action 
when stimulated. C. nerves, fibres of spinal acces- 
sory nerve to the par vagum. 
Cardioliths, kar'de-o-liths (cardia, lithos, stone). 
Concretions of the pericardium, partially incrusting 
the heart. 
Cardiol'ogy. Cardialogy. 
Cardiomalacia, kar-de-o-mal-ah'she-ah (cardia, mal- 
akia, softness). Softening of the heart, from inflam- 
mation or as a consequence of lesion of function of 
nutrition. 
Cardiometer, kar-de-om'et-ur. See Hsemodynamo- 
meter. 
Cardiometry, kar - de - om' et - re (cardia, metron, 
measure). Measurement of the heart, as by percus- 
sion and auscultation. 
Cardiomyoliposis, kar-de-o-me-o-lip-o'sis (cardia, 
mus, muscle, lipos, fat). Steatosis cordis; fatty de- 
generation of the heart. 
Cardion'cus (cardia, onkos, tumor). Aneurism of 
the heart or aorta. 
Cardioneuralgia, kar-de-o-nu-ral'je-ah. Neuralgia 
of the heart; angina pectoris. 
Cardionosus, kar-de-on'os-us (cardia, nosos, dis- 
ease). Disease of the heart. 
Cardiopalmus, kar-de-o-pal'mus (cardia, palmos, 
palpitation). Eapid and feeble palpitation or flutter- 
ing of the heart. 
Cardioparaplasis (kar-de-o-par-ap'las-is) or Car- 
dioparaplas'mus (cardia, paraplazo, to lead astray). 
Malformation of the heart. 
Cardiopathia, (kar-de-o-path-e'ah) or Cardiop'- 
athy (cardia, pathos, affection). Disease of the heart. 
Cardiopericarditis, kar-de-o-per-e-kar-de'tis. Car- 
ditis with pericarditis. 
191 
CARDO 
Cardiophthalmos, kar-de-of-thal'mos (cardia, oph- 
thalmos, eye). Exophthalmic goitre. 
Cardioplectic, kar-de-o-plek'tik. Relating to car- 
dioplegia ; one so affected. 
Cardioplegia, kar-de-o-ple'je-ah (cardia, plage, a 
stroke). Paralysis of the heart; wound of the heart; 
spasm of cardiac orifice of stomach. 
Cardioplethora, kar-de-o-pleth'o-rah. Plethora, or 
engorgement of heart with hlood. 
Cardiopneumatic, kar - de -o - nu - mat' ik (cardia, 
pneumon, lung). Relating to the heart and lung. C. 
move'ments, movements of the air in respiration due 
to pulsations of the heart and great vessels. 
Cardiopneumograph, kar-de-o-nu'mo-graf (cardia, 
pneumon, lung, grapho, to write). Instrument devised 
to describe or register movement of the air in respira- 
tion, as affected by systole and diastole of heart and 
action of larger vessels. 
Cardiopolyaamia, kar-de-o-pol-e-e'me-ah. Cardia- 
plethora. 
Cardiopulmonary (kar-de-o-pul'mon-a-re) or Car- 
diopulmonic, kar-de-o-pul-mon'ik. Relating to the 
heart and lungs. 
Cardiopuncture, kar-de-o-punk'ture. Puncture of 
the heart, as with a needle, to study its movements 
cardiographically. 
Car'dio-res'piratory mur'mur. See Murmur. 
Cardiorrheuma, kar-de-or-rhu'mah (cardia, rheuma, 
defluxion). Rheumatism of the heart. 
Cardiorrhexis, kar-de-or-rheks'is (cardia, rhexis, 
laceration). Laceration or rupture of the heart. 
Cardioscirrhosis, kar-de-o-skir-rho'sis. Scirrhus of 
heart. 
Cardiosclerosis, kar-de-o-skle-ro'sis (cardia, skleros, 
hard). Induration of heart. 
Cardioscope, kar'de-o-skop (cardia, skopeo, to see). 
Instrument for observing heart movements. 
Cardiospermum (kar-de-o-spur'mum) halicac'a- 
bum. Root of this plant of India, winter-cherry, 
balloon-vine, heart-seed, growing in U. S., is aperient; 
leaves are expectorant; externally is applied to rheu- 
matic parts. 
Cardiosphyg'mograph. Cardiograph and sphyg- 
mograph combined. 
Cardiostenosis (kar-de-o-sten-o'sis) or Cardlasten- 
o'sis (cardia, stenosis, contraction). Contraction of the 
openings or cavities of the heart. 
Cardiothyroid (kar-de-o-thi'roid) exophthal'mos. 
Exophthalmic goitre. 
Cardiotomy, kar-de-ot'om-e (cardia, tome, incision). 
Dissection of the heart; anatomy of the heart. 
Cardiotoxic, kar-de-o-toks'ik (cardia, toxicon, poi- 
son). Poisonous to the heart. 
Cardiotrauma (kar-de-o-trow'mah) or Cardio- 
trau'sis (cardia, trauma, wound). Wound of the 
heart. 
Cardiotromus, kar-de-ot'rom-us (cardia, tromos, 
tremor). Rapid and feeble palpitation or fluttering 
of the heart. 
Cardiotrophia, kar-de-o-trof'e-ah (cardia, trophe, 
nourishment). Nutrition of the heart. 
Cardiotrotus, kar-de-ot'ro-tus (cardia, titrosko, to 
wound). One affected with wound of the heart. 
Cardio-valvulitis, kar'de-o-val-vu-le'tis. Inflam- 
mation of valves of the heart. 
Cardipericarditis, kar - de - per - e - kar - de' tis. See 
Pericarditis. 
Carditic, kar-dit'ik. Cardiac; relating to carditis. 
Carditis, kar-de'tis. Inflammation of fleshy sub- 
stance of the heart. The symptoms are often con- 
founded with those of pericarditis. Carditis, with 
some, includes both inflammation of the external in- 
vesting membrane and that of the interior of the 
heart. See Pericarditis and Endocarditis. C. exter'= 
na, pericarditis. C. inter'na, endocarditis. C. mem- 
brano'sa, pericarditis. C. muscula'ris, carditis. C. 
polypo'sa, polypi of the heart. C. sero'sa, peri- 
carditis. 
Cardivalvulitis, kar-de-val-vu-le'tis. Inflammation 
of valves of the heart in endocarditis. 
Car'dq, Ginglymus, CARDOL 
Car'dol. Acrid oil; blistering principle from juice 
of cashew nut, Anacardium occidental. 
Cardoleum, kard-o'le-um. See Anacardium occi- 
dentals. 
Cardoon, kar-doon'. Cynara cardunculus. 
Cardopathium (kar-do-path'e-um), Cardopatium 
(kar-do-pat'e-um), or Cardopa'tum corymbosum, ko- 
rim-bo'sum. Acro-narcotic herb of Southern Europe, 
employed externally in cutaneous affections, as the 
itch, to check gangrene, and for odontalgia. 
Cardopatium, kard-o-pat'e-um. Cardopathium; 
Carlina acaulis. 
Cardopericarditis, kar-do-per-e-kar-de'tis. See 
Pericarditis. 
Carduus (kar'du-us) acan'thus. Acanthus mollis. 
C. al'tills, Cynara scolymus. C. benedic'tus, Cen- 
taurea benedicta. C. Brazilia'nus, Bromelia ananas. 
C. cni'cus, Centaurea benedicta. C. domes'ticus 
cap'ite majo'ri, Cynara scolymus. C. haemorrhoida'- 
lis, Cirsium arvense. C. Maria'nus or Ma'riae, 
common milk thistle, ladies' thistle, ord. Com- 
positae. Bitter tonic; seeds are oleaginous. C. 
pi'neus, Atractylis gummifera. C. sati'vus, Cartha- 
mus tinctorius. C. sati'vus nonspino'sus, Cynara 
scolymus. C. solstitia'lis, Centaurea calcitrapa. C. 
stella'tus, Centaurea calcitrapa. C. tomento'sus, 
Onopordium acanthium. C. ven'eris, Dipsacus ful- 
lonum. 
Ca-re. Head. 
Carebaresis (kar-a-bar-a'sis) or Carebaria, kar-e- 
bah're-ah (fcare, head, baros, weight). Heaviness of 
the head. 
Care'na. Twenty-fourth part of a drop. 
Care'num. Head. 
Care'taker. Nurse. 
Careum, ka're-um. Carum. 
Carex arenaria, ka'reks ar-en-ah're-ah. German 
sarsaparilla; see Sarsaparilla. C. dis'ticha, root of 
this herb of Europe and N. America is diaphoretic 
and emollient. 
Ca'riated. Carious. 
Carlca, kar'ik-ah. See Ficus carica. C. papa'ya, 
papaw tree, melon tree, ord. Cucurbitaceae. Native 
of America, India, and Africa; fruit has flavor of 
pumpkin, and is eaten like it; milky juice of plant- 
papaw juice-and seed and root are anthelmintic. 
The juice has been used as digestive of albuminoid 
substances and to remove diphtheritic membrane; 
but Papa'in, Papa'yin, or Papayo'tin is preferred inter- 
nally, in doses of gr. |-j. 
Car'icae. Figs. 
Caricin, kar'is-in. Amorphous material derived 
from precipitating the juice of Carica papaya with 
alcohol; formerly considered its active peptonizing 
agent. 
Caries, ka'reez (decay). Ulceration of bone; ne- 
crosis being death of bone. Recognized by swelling 
of bone preceding and accompanying it, by abscesses 
it occasions, fistulas which form, sanious character, 
peculiar odor, and quantity of suppuration, and by the 
evidence afforded by probing. When dependent on any 
virus in the system, this must be combated by appro- 
priate remedies. C. articulo'rum, fungous arthritis. 
C. callo'sa, chancre, syphilitic. C. carno'sa, C. fun- 
gosa in which there are fleshy granulations. C. cen- 
tra'lis, caries of bone caused by inflammation begin- 
ning in central part of medullary structure. C. den'- 
tis or den'tlum, dental gangrene. C. fungo'sa, tuber- 
cular caries; fungous arthritis. C. Gal'lica, chancre, 
syphilitic. C. gangraeno'sa, caries. C. granulo'sa, 
fungous arthritis. C. inter'na, C. centralis. C. mol'- 
lis, C. granulosa. C. necrot'ica, caries with necrosis. 
C. pudendo'rum or puden'dagra, see Chancre. C. 
scrofulo'sa or strumo'sa, tubercular caries. C. sic'- 
ca, carious arthritis, without suppuration. C. of the 
spine, Pott's disease, osteitis of bodies of vertebrae 
and intervertebral fibro-cartilage. C. tuberculo'sa, 
tubercular caries. C. of ver'tebrae, C. of the spine. 
C. vertebra'rum, C. of the spine. C. vlr'gse, chancre 
of the penis. 
Carina, kar-e'nah (keel). Vertebral column, espe- 
192 
CARNIFICATIO 
cially of foetus. Prominence on roof of aqueduct 
of Sylvius. Breastbone bent inward; hence pectus 
carinatum, chest so affected. Carinated, boat- 
shaped ; condition in which the abdomen is retract- 
ed, resembling the shape of a boat. C. for'nicis, 
ridge on surface of fornix cerebri. C. trache'se, pro- 
jection of rings of bronchi at the bifurcation of tra- 
chea. C. vagi'nse, projection of anterior wall of 
vagina near vestibule. 
Carinate, kar'in-ate. Shaped like a keel. 
Cariosity, ka-re-os'it-e. Caries. 
Carious, ka're-us. Relating to or affected with 
caries. 
Carissa (kar-is'sah) caran'das. Shrub of India, 
ripe fruit of which is stomachic; when unripe, astrin- 
gent. C. xylopic'ron, tree of island of Bourbon; 
bitter tonic, vermifuge, and antipyretic. 
Carium terrse, ka're-um ter're. Calx; gluten. 
Carli'na acau'lis. Carline thistle, growing in the 
Pyrenees, Switzerland, Italy, etc.; tonic, stimulant, 
emmenagogue, diuretic, and sudorific. C. chamse'- 
leon, C. acaulis. C. gummif'era, Atractylis gum- 
mifera. C. vulga'ris, diaphoretic and diuretic. 
Car'line this'tle. Carlina acaulis. 
Carlinic acid, kar-lin'ik as'id. Atractylic acid. 
Carlsbad, mineral waters of, karls'bahd, min'- 
ur-al wah'turz. Town in Bohemia celebrated for its 
hot baths. There are several springs, differing chiefly 
in temperature. The principal salts are sulphate of 
sodium, sulphate of potassium, chloride of sodium, 
carbonate of calcium, carbonate of sodium, etc. The 
waters are stimulating, alterative, and aperient. 
Temperature, 121° to 167° Fahr. 
Car'men (verse). Amulet; charm to abort disease 
or cure it. 
Carminantia (kar-min-an'she-ah) or Carminativa, 
kar-min-at-e'vah. Carminatives. 
Carminants (kar'min-ants) or Carminatives, kar- 
min'at-ivz (carmen, a charm). Remedies which allay 
pain " like a charm," by causing expulsion of flatus 
from the alimentary canal; they generally belong to 
the classes of aromatic oils, alcohols, or ethers, and 
act by increasing gastric and intestinal peristalsis. 
The chief carminatives (Brunton) are- 
Allspice and its oil. 
Anise and its oil. 
Asafoetida. 
Cajeput oil. 
Capsicum. 
Caraway and its oil. 
Cardamoms. 
Chilies. 
Chloroform. 
Cinnamon and its oil. 
Cloves and its oil. 
Coriander and its oil. 
Dill and its oil. 
Ether and acetic ether. 
Fennel. 
Ginger. 
Horseradish. 
Mace. 
Mustard. 
Nutmeg and its oil. 
Pepper. 
Peppermint and its oil. 
Spearmint and its oil. 
Spirits. 
Valerian and its oil. 
Car'mine. Pigment derived from cochineal, used 
for microscopic staining; leucomaine from yeast, wine, 
etc. 
Carminic acid, kar-min'ik as'id. Coloring princi- 
ple of cochineal. When acted upon by dilute sulphu- 
ric acid, the product is red carmine. 
Carnabadia, kar-nah-bad'e-ah. Carum (seed). 
Carnabadium, kar-nah-bad'e-um. Cuminum cy- 
minum. 
Car'nal intercourse or knowledge. Sexual inter- 
course. 
Carnassial, kar-nas'se-al. Flesh-eating, as carnas- 
sial teeth, teeth adapted to such purpose. 
Carnation, kar-na'shun. Dianthus caryophyllus. 
Carnau'ba. Root of Copernicia cerifera, used as 
alterative in place of sarsaparilla. 
Carneous, kar'ne-us (caro, flesh). Consisting of 
flesh; resembling flesh. C. col'umns, column® car- 
ne®. C. fl'bres, fleshy fibres, muscular fibres. 
Carneum marsupium, kar'ne-um mar-su'pe-um 
(fleshy pouch). Ischio-trochanterianus. 
Carnicula, kar-nik'u-lah (dim. of Caro, flesh). The 
gum. 
Carnificatio, kar-nif-ik-ah'she-o. Gamification. C. 
pulmo'num, hepatization of the lungs. CARN I FICATION 
Carnification, karn-i-fik-a'shun (caro, fio, to be- 
come). Transformation into flesh; morbid, state of 
certain organs, in which the tissue acquires a con- 
sistence like that of fleshy or muscular parts. It is 
sometimes observed, in hard parts, the texture becom- 
ing softened, as in osteosarcoma. When it occurs in 
the lungs, as from pressure of exudation of pleurisy, 
they present a texture like that of liver, as in the 
foetal lung; splenization. Amyloid degeneration. C. 
of bone, osteosarcosis. C., pul'monary, consolida- 
tion of lung from inflammation; conversion of lung 
structure into apparently muscular structure. 
Carnified, kar'ne-fide. Transformed into flesh or 
flesh'-like material. 
Carniform abscess, kar'ne-form ab'sess (caro, forma, 
form). Abscess ordinarily occurring near the articula- 
tions, and whose orifice is hard, sides thick and callous. 
Carnine, kar'neen (caro, carnis, flesh). White bitter 
leucomaine in muscle and meat extracts; C7H8N4O3. 
Carniv'ora. See Carnivorous. 
Carnivorous, kar-niv'or-us (caro, voro, to eat). Re- 
sembling flesh; eating flesh; any substance which 
destroys excrescences in wounds, ulcers, etc., as an 
escharotic. Flesh-eating animals form a separate 
order of mammalia, under the name Carnivora. 
Carnization, kar-ne-za'shun. Carnification. 
Car'nochan, operation of. Excision of ganglia of 
Meckel and infraorbital nerve. 
Carnosa cutis, kar-no'sah ku'tis (fleshy skin). 
Panniculus caraosus. C. tu'nica, fleshy layer. 
Car'nose. Fleshy; like flesh. 
Carnosity, kar-nos'it-e. Fleshy excrescence. C. of 
ure'thra, caruncle in the urethra; small fleshy excres- 
cence or fungous growth in male urethra. C., vene'- 
real, cutaneous, cellular, and membranous tumor, de- 
pendent upon syphilitic virus; condyloma ; polysarcia. 
Carno'sus. Carneous. 
Car'nous. Carneous. 
Caro, ka'ro. Flesh, as of muscles. C. accesso'ria, 
see Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perforans 
(.accessorius). C. anseri'na, horrida cutis. C. bo- 
vil'la or bo'vis, beef. C. bu'bula, beef. C. carcino'- 
des, cancerous growth. C. contu'sa, bruise of the flesh. 
C. cru'da, raw meat. C. em'inens or excres'cens, ex- 
crescence. C. fungo'sa, proud flesh; fungosity. C. 
gallina'cea, horrida cutis. C. glandulo'sa, gland; 
epiglottic gland. C. luxu'rians, proud flesh; fun- 
gosity. C. orbicula'ris, placenta. C. parenchymat'- 
ica, parenchyma. C. quadra'ta, palmaris brevis. 
C. quadra'ta Syl'vii, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis 
profundus perforans (accessorius). C. vis'cerum, pa- 
renchyma. 
Carob tree, kar'ob tree. Creatonia siliqua. 
Caroba, kar-o'bah. Bark of Bignonia copaia, Ja- 
caranda caroba or Brasiliana or procera, Kordelestris; 
genus of natural order Bignoniacese of Brazil; leaves 
are alterative, diuretic, and sudorific, and are used in 
syphilis and syphilides; fruit of Ceratonia siliqua. 
Carobin, kar'o-bin. Crystallized principle from 
caroba. 
Carodes, kar-o'dez. Carotic. 
Caroli'na all'spice. Calycanthus floridus. C. ip'- 
ecac, Euphorbia ipecacuanha. C. jas'mine, Gelsemi- 
um sempervivens. C. pink, Phlox Carolina. 
Car'omel. Caramel. 
Carony (kar-o'ne) bark. Angustura or cusparia 
bark; Galipea officinalis. 
Ca'ros. Carus; caraway. 
Carosis, kar-o'sis. Profound sleep; carus. 
Carota, kar-o'tah (carrot). See Daucus carota. 
Carotic, kar-ot'ik (karos, stupor). Carotid; coma- 
tose ; relating to or producing stupor; relating to 
carotids. C. ar'teries, carotids. C. gan'glion, see 
Carotid nerve. C. nerve, carotid nerve. C. plex'us, 
see Carotid nerve. 
Carotica, kar-ot'ik-ah. Narcotics. 
Carotico-thyroideus, ka - rot' ik - o - thir - o - e' de - us. 
Stray fibres of sterno-thyroid muscle from the carotid 
sheath. 
Caroticus, kar-ot'ik-us. Carotic or carotid. 
Carotid, kar-ot'id (karos, stupor). Name given to 
193 
! CARPINUS 
certain arteries of the neck and head or to parts 
associated with them. C. arteries, cephalic arteries ; 
great arteries of the neck, carrying blood to the head ; 
they are divided into-1. Primitive or common carot- 
id artery, the left of which arises from the aorta, 
and the right from the trunk common to it and the 
subclavian; 2. External or pericephalic carotid, branch 
of primitive extending from the last to neck of con- 
dyle of lower jaw; and, 3. Internal carotid, cerebral or 
encephalic artery, another branch of the primitive, 
which, arising at the same place as the external, enters 
the cranium, and terminates on a level with the fis- 
sures of Sylvius, dividing into several branches. C. 
canal', canal in temporal bone, through which carotid 
artery and several nervous filaments pass. C. for- 
am'ina, internal and external, arc at each extremity 
of the carotid canal. C. gan'glion, see Carotid nerve. 
C. gland, ductless gland formerly regarded as an in- 
tercarotic ganglion of the great sympathetic. C. 
groove, depression on sphenoid bone from contact 
of internal carotid artery. C. nerve, carotic nerve; 
branch from superior cervical ganglion of the great 
sympathetic, ascending by the side of the internal 
carotid; divides into two portions, which enter the 
carotid canal, and by communication with each other 
and petrosal branch of Vidian form the carotid 
plexus. They frequently form a small gangliform 
swelling on the under part of the artery, carotic 
or carotid or cavernous ganglion, ganglion of Lau- 
monier. C. plex'us, see Carotid nerve. C. sheath, 
process of fascia of the neck, in which are the carotid 
artery, pneumogastric nerve, and jugular vein. C. 
si'nus, venous plexus in carotid canal. C. tri'angle, 
see Cervical triangles. C. tu'bercle, tubercle on trans- 
verse process of sixth cervical vertebra; carotid artery 
may be compressed against it. 
Carotidseus, kar-ot-id-e'us. Carotid. 
Caro'tin. Red coloring matter from root of carrot. 
Caro'tis. Carotid artery. C. cephal'ica or cere- 
bra'lis, internal carotid artery. C. commu'nis, com- 
mon carotid artery. C. exter'na or facia'lis, ex- 
ternal carotid artery. C. inter'na, internal carotid 
artery. C. primiti'va, common carotid artery. 
Carotta, kar-ot'tah. Daucus carota. 
Caroy-seeds. Seeds of Carum carvi. 
Car'paine. C14H27NO2. Alkaloid from Carica 
papaya; toxic to the heart, promptly giving relief 
in aortic insufficiency and stenosis; given hypoder- 
mically in doses of gr. -fa to J. 
Car'pal (karpos, wrist). Belonging or relating to 
the carpus or wrist. C. arch'es, network of branches 
of arteries distributed to the wrist and vicinity. C. 
articula'tions, articulations of bones of the wrist. C. 
bones, see Carpus. C. bur'sae, bursae of the wrist- 
joint. C. joints, articulations of the carpal bones. 
C. lig'aments, see Carpal. 
Carpalia, kar-pah'le-ah. Bones of the wrist. 
Carpathian bal'sam. Thin turpentine from Pinus 
cembra. 
Carpathicum, kar-path'ik-um. See Pinus cembra. 
Carpentaria, kar-pen-tah're-ah. Achillea mille- 
folium. 
Carpenter's (kar-pen-turz) leaf. Galax aphylla. 
Carpe'sium. Carpasium. 
Carphodes, kar-fo'deez (karphos, flocculus). Floc- 
culent, stringy, as mucus. 
Carphology (kar-fol'o-ge) or Carpol'ogy (karphos, 
flocculus, lego, to gather). Floccilation, floccitation. 
Action of gathering flocculi. Delirious picking of 
bed-clothes, denoting great cerebral irritability and 
debility; an unfavorable sign in fevers, etc. 
Carphos, kar'fos. Trigonella foenum. 
Carpia, kar'pe-ah (carpo, to pluck). Linteum; 
charpie. 
Carpiseus, kar-pe-e'us. Palmaris brevis. 
Carpial, kar'pe-al. Belonging to the carpus. C. 
lig'aments, fibrous fasciae uniting bones of carpus; 
annular ligaments. 
Carpian, kar'pe-an. Carpial. 
Carpinus betulus, kar-pe'nus bet'u-lus. Horn- 
beam,- Ironwood, Hornbeech, Horse beech, White beech. CARPISMUS 
Tree of Oak family, ord. Cupuliferse, resembling beech, 
in woods of Europe. Leaves contain tannin, hence are 
astringent. 
Carpismus, kar-piz'mus. Carpus. 
Carpobalsamum, kar - po - bal'sam - um. Fruit of 
Balsamodendron Gileadense. Allspice. See Amyris 
opobalsamum and Pimento. 
Carpocace, kar-pok'as-e (carpus, kakos, evil). Dis- 
ease of the carpus. 
Carpo-carpal, kar'po-kahr'pal. Relating mutu- 
ally to bones of carpus. 
Carpo - cervical, kar'po-sur'vi-kal. Relating to 
wrist and neck, as carpo-cervical tie, an arm-sling. 
Carpologia, kar-po-loj'e-ah. Carphologia. C. 
spasmod'ica, subsultus tendinum. 
Carpol'ogy. Carphology. 
Carpo-metacarpal, kar'po-met-ah-kar'pal. Relat- 
ing to carpus and metacarpus, as carpo-metacarpal 
articulations. 
Carpo-metacarpus minimi digiti, kar'po-met-ah- 
kar'pus min'im-e dij'it-e. Abductor metacarpi min- 
imi digiti. C.-m. min'imi pol'licis, opponens pollicis. 
Car'po-olec'ranal. Relating to wrist and olecra- 
non process. Term given to a sling so applied. C. pol- 
11'cis, flexor brevis pollicis manus. 
Carpo-pedal, kar'po-pe'dal (carpus, pes, foot). Re- 
lating to the wrist and foot. C.- p. spasm, cerebral 
spasmodic croup. Spasmodic affection of the chest and 
larynx accompanied by convulsions, occurring be- 
tween the third and ninth month, and characterized 
by excessive dyspnoea and loud croupy noise on in- 
spiration. The seat of the disease is evidently in the 
cerebro-spinal axis, perhaps owing to erethism seated 
elsewhere, but communicated to the cerebro-spinal 
centre, and reflected to the respiratory and other 
muscles concerned. The gums should be freely 
divided, if necessary, with use of cathartics, revul- 
sives, narcotics, and appropriate diet. See Asthma 
thymicum. 
Carpo - phalangeus minimi digiti, kar'po-fal-an- 
je'us min'im-e dij'it-e. Abductor minimi digiti. 
Car'po-phalangi'nus. Carpo-phalangeus. 
Carpopogon pruriens, kar-po-po'gon pru're-ens. 
Mucuna pruriens. 
Carpos, kar'pos. Fruit. 
Carpotica, kar-pot'ik-ah (karpos, fruit). Diseases 
affecting or incidental to impregnation or parturition. 
Carpozyma, kar-po-ze'mah (karpos, fruit, zume, fer- 
ment). Alcoholic ferment. 
Carpus, kar'pus. The wrist; part between fore- 
arm and hand. Eight bones compose it (in two rows). 
In the superior row, from without to within, are the 
scaphoid or navicular, lunar or semilunar, cuneiform, 
and orbicular or pisiform. In the lower row, trape- 
zium, trapezoid, magnum, and unciform. 
Carrageen (kar'rah-geen) moss. Fucus crispus. 
Carrageen'ia. Mucilage of Chondrus crispus or 
carrageen; converted by action of nitric acid into 
mucic acid. 
Carraway, kar'ra-way. Carum. 
Car'rhageen. Fucus crispus. 
Carrichtera veils, kar-richt'er-ah vel'le. Herb of 
S. Europe, leaves of which are antiscorbutic. 
Carron (kar'ron) oil. Linimentum aquae calcis. 
Car'rot. Daucus carota. C. can'dy, Athamanta 
Cretensis. C., dead'ly, Thapsia. 
Carsu'ta. Gentiana purpurea. 
Carthagena (kar-tha-je'nah) barks. See Cinchona. 
Carthamus (kar'tham-us) lana'tus. Species of 
composite herbs of Europe, Asia, and Africa; bitter 
tonic and stomachic; root is diaphoretic and antipy- 
retic. C. macula'tus, Carduus marianus. C. tincto''- 
rius, Saffron-flower, Safflower, Safflow, Bastard saffron, 
Dyer's saffron, ord. Composite. Seeds are aromatic, 
cathartic, and diuretic, yet to parroquets they are an 
article of food. Flowers are cosmetic and diapho- 
retic. 
Carthegon, kar-tha'gon. See Buxus. 
Carthu'sian pow'der. Kermes. 
Cartilage, kar'til-aje. Gristle. Solid part of ani- 
mal body, of medium consistence between bone and 
194 
CARTILAGES 
ligament, which in the fcetus is a substitute for bone, 
but in the adult exists only in joints, at extremities 
of ribs, etc. Cartilages are whitish, flexible, com- 
pressible, and very elastic; some of them apparently 
inorganic. Several varieties are met with, as hya- 
line, which has a translucent matrix; white fibro- 
cartilage, matrix being made up of white fibrous 
tissue; elastic, with a matrix of elastic tissue. When 
cartilage, in any of its forms, is boiled it yields 
chondroid, with the exception of those connected 
with joints-articular cartilages. Cartilages are 
covered by white fibrous elastic tissue, to which 
vessels and. nerves are distributed. C., accessory, 
C., sesamoid. C., a'lar, nasal c. C., an'nular, C., 
cricoid, C. between conchal c. and meatus audito- 
rius externus. C., anon'ymous, cricoid c. C., aor'tic, 
second right costal c., situated in front of arch of 
aorta. C., arthro'dial or artic'ular, layer of c. over 
articulating surface of bone. C., aryt'enoid, see 
Arytenoid. C., aster'nal, costal c. not connected 
with the sternum. C., aud'itory, embryonic aud- 
itory capsule. C., auric'ular, C. of external ear. C. 
cap'sule, capsule around c. cell. C., cel'lular, C. made 
up chiefly of cells. C., cil'iary, C., tarsal. C., circum- 
ferential, C. around edges of articular cavity. C., 
connecting, C. of which that of symphysis pubis is 
an example, where joint has little motion. C., cos'- 
tal, see C-s of ribs. C., cri'coid, see Cricoid. C., cu'- 
neiform, C. of Wrisberg; see Cuneiform cartilages of 
larynx. C., diarthro'dial, C., arthrodial. C. of the 
ear, see Ear. C., elastic, see Cartilage. C., en'si- 
form, see Xiphoid and Sternum. C., epiglottic, epi- 
glottis. C., Eusta'chian, triangular c. between bony 
part of Eustachian tube and pharynx. C., fi'bro- 
elastic, see Cartilage. C., floating, loose c. in an 
articulation. C., hy'aline, see CartiZage. C. of in- 
crustation, C., arthrodial. C., innominate, cricoid 
c. C., interartic'ular, fibro-cartilage between ar- 
ticulating surfaces of bones. C., interos'seous, see 
C., arthrodial or articular. C., intervertebral, fibro- 
cartilage placed between the vertebrae. C., invest- 
ing, C., articular. C. of Ja'cobson, cartilaginous 
nodule in nasal septum situated above anterior nasal 
spine. C., loose, C., floating. C. of Lusch'ka, carti- 
laginous nodule in true vocal cord. C., mandib'ular, 
C., Meckel's. C., meat'al, C., auricular. C., Meckel"s, 
C. in intra-uterine life, upper part of which forms 
the malleus and its handle; lower part a rod, on ex- 
ternal surface of which the lower jaw is developed. 
C., per'manent, see Cartilages of ossification. C., 
plextform, C., elastic; see Cartilage. C., pul'monary, 
left second costal c. situated in front of pulmonary 
orifice of heart. C., retlc'ular or re'tiform, elastic 
c.; see Cartilage. C., sep'tal, nasal c. C., sesa- 
moid, small c. occasionally found in tendons. C., 
supra-aryt'enoid, corniculum laryngis. C., tar'sal, 
see Tarsus. C., tem'porary, see Cartilages of ossifica- 
tion. C., thy'roid, thyroid c. C., tu'bal, C., Eus- 
tachian. C., uni'ting, C., connecting. C. of Weit'- 
brecht, interarticular c. in acromio-clavicular joint. 
C., xi'phoid, see Xiphoid and Sternum. 
Car'tilages of the ap'erture. Alar c-s. C-s, ar- 
tic'ular, invest bony surfaces which are in contact; 
hence are called investing or incrusting cartilages. 
C-s, cu'neiform, of lar'ynx, see Cuneiform. C-s, 
incrust'ing, C-s, articular. C-s, interartic'ular, are 
situated within joints; knee-joint, for example. C-s, 
interver'tebral, see Intervertebral. C-s, investing, 
C-s, articular. C-s of lar'ynx, see Larynx. C-s of 
nose, nasal c-s. C-s, obdu'cent, C-s, articular. C-s 
of ossiflca'tion are such as, in progress of ossifica- 
tion, have to form integrant part of bones; as those 
of long bones in the new-born infant. The year 
termed temporary; the others being permanent. All 
cartilages, with exception of articular, are surrounded 
by membrane analogous to periosteum, called Peri- 
chondrium. C-s, per'manent, see C-s of ossification. 
C-s, precursory, C-s of ossification. C-s, primor- 
dial, C-s, temporary; see C-s of ossification. C-s of 
ribs are, in some respects, only prolongations of the 
ribs. Those of the nose, meatus auditorius, and CARTILAGINE 
Eustachian tube, present a similar arrangement. 
Other cartilages resemble union of fibrous and carti- 
laginous textures; hence their name, Fibro-cartilages. 
C-s of Santori'ni, see Corniculum laryngis. C-s, 
semilu'nar, see Semilunar. C-s, sig'moid, semilunar 
c-s. C-s, ster'nal, costal c-s. C-s, tar'sal, con- 
nective tissue forming framework of the eyelids. C-s, 
tem'porary, see C-s of ossification. C-s of trache'a, 
see Trachea. C-s of Wris'berg, cuneiform c-s of 
larynx. 
Cartilagine, kar'til-aj-een. Organic ingredient of 
cartilage; converted by boiling into chondrin. 
Cartilagines (pl. of Cartilago) accessorise, kar- 
til-aj'in-es ak-ses-so're-e. See Nasal cartilage. C. 
ala'res, see Nasal cartilage. C. ala'rum mino'res, see 
Nasal cartilage. C. arytaenoi'deae, arytenoid carti- 
lages. C. basila'res digito'rum, fibro-cartilages of 
the fingers. C. cornicula'tae, cornicula laryngis. C. 
costa'les or costa'rum, costal cartilages. C. cunei- 
for'mes, cuneiform cartilages. C. epac'tiles, see 
Nasal cartilage. C. falca'tae or falcifor'mes, semi- 
lunar cartilages. C. guttura'les, arytenoid carti- 
lages. C. inferio'res, see Nasal cartilage. C. inter- 
articula'res, interarticular cartilages. C. interaryt- 
enoi'deae, interarytenoid cartilages. C. intercala'- 
res, intervening cartilages. C. intervertebra'les, in- 
tervertebral cartilages. C. luna'tae, semilunar carti- 
lages. C. menis'ci, semilunar cartilages. C. mino'- 
res inferio'res, see Nasal cartilage. C. na'si, nasal 
cartilage. C. pinna'les, see Nasal cartilage. C. pyr- 
amida'les, arytenoid cartilages. C. quadra'tae, see 
Nasal cartilage. C. Santorinia'nae, cornicula laryn- 
gis. C. semiluna'res, semilunar cartilages. C. ses- 
amoi'deae, see Nasal cartilage. C. sigmoi'deae, semi- 
lunar cartilages. C. superio'res latera'les, see Nasal 
cartilage. C. thyreoi'des or thyro'ides, thyroid carti- 
lages. C. triangula'res, see Nasal cartilage. C. 
trique'trae laryn'gis, arytenoid cartilages. C. vo- 
ca'les, connective-tissue nodules in vocal cords. C. 
Wrisbergia'nae, cuneiform cartilages. 
Cartilaginification, kar-til-aj-in-i-fi-ka'shun {car- 
tilago, facio, to make). Production or generation of 
cartilage. Chondrogenesis. 
Cartilaginis arytenoideae capitulum, kar-til-aj'- 
in-is ar-it-en-o-e'de-e kap-it'u-lum. Corniculum lar- 
yngis. 
Cartilaginous, kar - til - aj' in - us. Belonging to, 
composed of, or resembling cartilage. C. tis'sue, see 
Cartilage. C. tu'mor, chondroma; cartilaginous 
tumor; enchondroma. 
Cartilago, kar-til-ah'go. Cartilage. C. annula'- 
ris, cricoid cartilage. C. auric'ulae or aur'is, car- 
tilage of the ear. C. basila'ris, cricoid cartilage; fibro- 
cartilage in foramen lacerum medium. C. clypea'lis, 
thyroid cartilage. C. cornicula'ta, corniculum laryn- 
gis. C. cricoi'dea, cricoid cartilage. C. cuneifor'- 
mis, see Cuneiform cartilages of the larynx. C. ensi- 
for'mis, xiphoid cartilage. C. epiglot'tica, epiglottis. 
C. gingiva'lis, fibrous covering of alveolar groove at 
birth. C. guttura'lis, arytenoid cartilage. C. in- 
nomina'ta, cricoid. C. lin'guae, septum of tongue. 
C. mucrona'ta, xiphoid cartilage. C. osses'cens, 
temporary cartilage. C. pelta'lis, thyroid cartilage, 
xiphoid cartilage. C. pelta'tus, thyroid cartilage. 
C. peren'nis, permanent cartilage. C. per'- 
manens, permanent cartilage. C. quadrangula'- 
ris, cartilage of nasal septum. C. retlcula'- 
ris, reticular cartilage, as of epiglottis, cor- 
nicula laryngis, pinna of ear. C. Santorinia'na, cor- 
niculum laryngis. C. scutifor'mis, thyroid cartilage. 
C. sep'ti na'rium, see Nasal cartilage. C. triangu- 
la'ris or trique'tra car'pi, triangular cartilage of 
wrist. C. triti'cea, see Thyreo-hyoid membrane. C. 
tu'bee, cartilage of lining of Eustachian tube. C. 
u'vifer, uvula. C. ve'ra, hyaline cartilage. C. 
Wrisberg'ii, see Cuneiform, cartilages of the larynx. 
C. xiphoi'des, xiphoid cartilage. 
Ca'rum. Caraway; carraway. Fruit or seeds, car- 
away seeds, are carminative. Dose, gr. x to 
The oil, oleum carui, officinal, has properties of the 
seeds. Dose, gtt. ij to vj. C. ajowan, see Ajwain. 
> CARYOPHYLLATA 
C. bulbocas'tanum, Bunium bulbocastanum. C. 
car'vi, carum. C. petroseli'num, Apium petroseli- 
num. C. vulga're, C. carui. 
Caruncle, kar'un-kl (dim. of Caro, flesh). Small 
portion of flesh, fleshy excrescence, as lacrymal car- 
uncle, on the conjunctiva, near the inner canthus. 
C., ure'thral, fibro-vascular tumor at the aperture of 
the female urethra. See Carnosities, Caruncula, and 
Carunculae. 
Caruncula, kar-un'ku-lah. Caruncle. C. innomi- 
na'ta, lacrymal gland. C. lacryma'lis, lacrymal car- 
uncle ; small, reddish, follicular body at inner angle of 
the eye; secretes a gummy substance. C. ma'jor, small 
papilla or elevation on duodenal mucous lining at 
point of emptying of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. 
C. mammilla'ris, olfactory tubercle. C. mi'nor, small 
papilla or elevation in duodenum at point of entrance 
of accessory pancreatic duct. C. Morgag'nii, middle 
lobe of prostate; see Prostate. C. oc'uli, lacrymal 
caruncle. C. pros'tate, middle lobe of prostate gland. 
C. saliva'lis or sublingua'lis, sublingual caruncle at 
opening of Wharton's duct. C. semina'lis, gallinaginis 
caput. C. ure'thrse, gallinaginis caput; see Carnosities. 
Carunculse (pl. of Caruncula) cuticulares, kar- 
un'ku-le ku-tik-u-lah'res. Nymphse. C. hymena'les, 
C. myrtiformes. C. mammilla'res, extremities of 
lactiferous tubes in the nipples; olfactory nerves. C. 
myrtifor'mes, small reddish tubercles near the orifice 
of the vagina, formed by mucous membrane; they are 
regarded asremains of ruptured hymen. C.papilla'res, 
papillae of kidney. C. uteri'nee, fleshy excrescences 
of lining membrane of uterus. C. vagina'les, C. myr- 
tiformes. 
Carunculous (kar-un'ku-lus) or Carun'cular. Re- 
lating to caruncles or carnosities. 
Caruon, kah'ru-on. Carum. 
Carus, ka'rus. Profound sleep; last degree of coma, 
with complete insensibility, which no stimulus can 
remove. Sopor, coma, lethargia, and carus are four de- 
grees of the same condition. C. apoplex'ia, apoplexy, 
cerebral. C. asphyx'ia, asphyxia. C. catalep'sia, 
catalepsy. C. ecs'tasis, ecstasis. C. hydrocephal'icus, 
hydrocephalus internus. C. ab insolatio'ne, coup de 
soleil. C. lethar'gus, lethargy. C. 1. cataphzora, 
somnolency. C. 1. vig'il, coma vigil. C. paral'ysis, 
paralysis. C. p. parapie'gia, paraplegia. C. veter'- 
nus, lethargy. 
Ca'rus, curve of. See Pelvis. 
Car'vacrol. CisHuO. Thick oil, with smell and taste 
of creasote, obtained by acting on oil of caraway with 
caustic potassa or glacial phosphoric acid; antiseptic. 
C. 1'odide has been employed externally in same cases 
as iodoform. 
Carvi, kar've. Carum. C. seeds, see Carum. 
Car'vol. C10H14O. Aromatic odorous liquid pro- 
duced by acting on oleum carui with sulphide of hy- 
drogen, and digesting the product with caustic potash. 
Carvum, kar'vum. Caraway. 
Carya, kar'e-ah. Hickory, Juglans regia. C. ba- 
sil'ica, Juglans regia. 
Carydion, kar-id'e-on. Corylus avellana. 
Caryedon catagma, kar-e-a'don kat-ag'mah (karue- 
don, resembling nut [broken]). See Fracture. 
Caryocinesis, kar-e-o-sin-a'sis (karuon, nucleus, kine- 
sis, motion). Term expressive of the various structural 
phases undergone by a nucleus in the course of the 
indirect division of cells or other nuclei. 
Caryodaphne densiflora, kar-e-o-daf'ne den-se- 
flo'rah. Plant of Java having bitter bark, and leaves 
that are used in colic. 
Caryolysis, kar-e-ol' is-is (karuon, nucleus, lusis, 
loosening). Caryocinesis. 
Caryomitome, kar-e-om'it-ome (karuon, tome, in- 
cision). Nuclear fibril. 
Caryomitosis, kar-e-o-mit-o'sis. Caryocinesis. 
Caryon, kar'e-on. See Juglans regia. C. heracle- 
on'ticon, lep'ton, or pon'ticon, Corylus avellana (nut). 
C. trip'ton, nutmeg. 
Caryophylla, kar-e-o-fil'lah (karuon, nut, phullon, 
leaf). Geum urbanum. 
Caryophyllata (kar-e-o-fil-lat'ah) alpi'na, aquat'- 
195 CARYOPHYLLIN 
ica, orlutea. Geum ri vale. C. monta'na, Geum ri vale 
and G. montanum. C. nutans or riva'lis, Geum 
rivale. C. urba'na, Geum urbanum. C. vulga'ris, 
Geum urbanum. 
Caryophyllin, kar-e-o-fil'lin. C20H32O21. White res- 
inous substance obtained from cloves; when oxidized 
by nitric acid, caryophyllinic acid results, C20H32O8. 
Caryophyllum, kar - e - o - fil' lum. Eugenia caryo- 
phyllata. C. ru'brum, Dianthus caryophyllus. 
Caryophyllus, kar-e-o-iil'lus. See Eugenia caryo- 
phyllata. C. America'nus, see Myrtus pimenta. C. 
aromat'icus, Eugenia caryophyllata. C. horten'sis 
or multiplex, Dianthus caryophyllus. C. pimenta, 
Myrtus pimenta. C. vulga'ris, Geum urbanum. 
Caryoplasm, kar'e-o-plazm (Jcaruon, nucleus, plasma, 
formative material). Nuclear protoplasm. 
Caryotse, kar-e-o'te (karuotis, date tree). Best kind 
of dates. 
Casamum, kas'am-um. Cyclamen. 
Casamunar, kas-am-u'nar. Cassumuniar. 
Cas'ca bark. Erythrophleeum. 
Cascara (kas-kar'ah) or Cascaril'la ([S.] bark, 
little bark). Names under which cinchona bark is 
known in Peru; the gatherers are called cascarilleros. 
C. amar'ga, Honduras bark; bark of Picramnia anti- 
desma of Central America; alterative, used in syphilis 
and chronic skin diseases. C. sagra'da, sacred bark ; 
dried bark of Rhamnus purshianus; mild laxative 
in habitual constipation; see Rhamnus. 
Cascarilla, kas-kar-il'lah ([S.] little bark). Cascara, 
Croton eleuteria. C. carabay'a, see Cinchonie cordi- 
foliee cortex. C. colora'da, Cinchonse oblongifolise 
cortex. C. rox'a, Cinchonse oblongifolise cortex. 
Cascarillae cortex, kas-kar-il'le kor'teks. Cas- 
carilla. 
Cascarillin, kas-kar-il'lin. White crystalline sub- 
stance derived from bark of Croton eleuteria. C6H9O2. 
See Croton cascarilla. 
Case. Box for preservation of instruments or 
medicines. A pocket-case contains small instru- 
ments in constant use with the surgeon. Condition 
of a patient, as case of fever, etc.; history of a case. 
C., dressing, case of instruments for dressing wounds. 
C., heart, pericardium. C., mus'cle, elements enter- 
ing into formation of striated muscular fibre. 
Casearia astringens, kas-e-ar'e-ah as-trin'jens. 
Bark of this S. American plant is used as poultice to 
indolent ulcers. C. cauzia'la, E. Indian tree; bitter; 
pulp of fruit is diuretic. 
Casearius, kaz-e-ar'e-us (caseus, cheese). Cheesy. 
Caseate, ka'ze-at. Lactate. 
Caseation (ka-ze-a'shun) or Caseification (caseus, 
cheese). Degeneration, as of inflammatory exuda- 
tions, into a cheesy or curdy mass, tending to further 
decomposition or transformation. Milk fever of par- 
turition. Precipitation of casein in the coagulation 
of milk. 
Caseiform, ka'ze-e-form. Cheesy or caseinous. 
Casein, ka'ze-in. Caseous matter; the great nitro- 
genized constituent of milk, occurring in proportion of 
two to six per cent. Identical in composition with the 
chief constituents of blood, fibrin, and albumin, all 
being compounds of protein; contains large quantity 
of phosphorus. A similar principle exists in vegetables, 
vegetable casein or legumin, vegetable gluten, chiefly 
in leguminous seeds-peas, beans, lentils. Like vege- 
table albumin, casein is soluble in water, and the solu- 
tion is not coagulable by heat. Casein is precipitated 
from milk by acid and by rennet at 104° F. Casein 
also occurs in sebaceous secretion of the surface of the 
body. C., an'imal, see Casein. C. of blood, albu- 
minose, globulin. C., gluten, C., vegetable; see 
Casein. C., milk, see Casein. C. of sali'va, ptyalin; 
see Saliva. C. of small intestine, albuminose. C., 
vegetable, see Casein. 
Caseous, ka'ze-us. Cheesy. C. degeneration, 
caseation. C. matter, caseation. C. pneumo'nia, 
see Pneumonia. 
Caseum, ka'ze-um. Casein. 
Caseus, ka'ze-us. Cheese. C. equi'nus, cheese 
prepared from mare's milk. 
196 
CASSIA 
Cashew, kash-u'. Anacardium occidentale. C. 
gum, see Anacardium occidentale and Swietania mu- 
hogani. C. nut, fruit of Anacardium occidentale; irri- 
tant and escharotic. C. nut, Oriental, fruit of Seme- 
carpus anacardium; called also marking-nut, marsh- 
nut, Malacca bean. 
Cashoo'. Aromatic pectoral drug of India; catechu. 
Casia, kas'e-ah. Laurus cassia. 
Casimiroa edulis. Mexican tree, ord. Eutaceae, 
fruit of which is eatable, also anthelmintic; pulp is 
hypnotic; bark is a bitter. 
Casket. Case. C., mus'cular, see Case, muscular. 
Casmina (kaz'min-ah), Casmonar, or Casmunar. 
Cassumuniar. 
Cassa, kas'sah. Thorax. C. bark, sassy bark. 
Cassada (kas-sad'ah) root. Jatropha manihot. 
Cassava (kas-sav'ah), bitter. Jatropha manihot. 
C. flour or meal, dried, ground residue in roots 0/ 
Manihot utilissima, after juice has been expressed. C. 
root, Jatropha manihot. C. starch, dried starch ob- 
tained from expressed juice of Manihot utilissima; 
Brazilian starch. 
Cassee'na or Casse'na. Ilex vomitoria. 
Casser, ganglion of. Ganglion of Gasser. 
Casse'rius, mus'cle of. Laxator tympani minor. 
Cassia, kas'se-ah. Laurus cassia. C. ab'sus, absus. 
C. acutifo'lia, C. senna. C., Aigyp'tian, C. senna. 
C. ala'ta, ringworm shrub, winged senna plant; species 
of cassia, from W. Indies, used externally in diseases 
of the skin, as herpes and eczema; also cathartic. C. 
Alexandri'na, C. fistula. C. angustifo'lia, Indian 
senna; C. elongata. C. auricula'ta grows in India; 
root is used in skin diseases and those of the urinary 
organs, bark in syphilis, leaves in skin diseases, 
flowers in diabetes, seeds in diabetes and rheumatism. 
C. bark, Chinese cinnamon; bark of Cinnamomum 
aromaticum. C. Bonplandia'na, C. fistula. C. Bra- 
silia'na, C. grandis. C., brown, C. glandulosa. C. 
buds, unripened flowers of several species of Cinna- 
momum. C. canel'la, Laurus cassia. C. caryophyl- 
la'ta, Myrtus caryophyllata. C. cathart'ica, plant 
of Brazil, cathartic like senna. C. chamsecris'ta, 
prairie senna, partridge pea, wild senna; indigenous; 
ord. Leguminosae; resembles Cassia Marilandica. 
C. cinnamo'mea, Laurus cassia. C., Egyp'tian, Cas- 
sia senna. C. elonga'ta, Cassia senna. C. emargi- 
na'ta, tree of W. Indies; leaves have action like sen- 
na, pods like those of C. fistula. C. excel'sa, C. fis- 
tula. C. fis'tula, purging cassia, pulp of Cassia fistula 
or Cathartocarpus fistula, pudding pipe tree; see C. 
pulp. Laxative. Pods of Cassia moschata of New 
Granada are smaller, but have like properties. C. 
glau'ca, tree of E. Indies and Australia, used in gon- 
orrhoea, diabetes, and gout. C. gran'dis, horse cas- 
sia, from Brazil; purgative. C. lanceola'ta, C. senna. 
C. leniti'va, C. acutifolia. C. lig'nea, Laurus cassia. 
C. lig'nea Malabar'ica, Laurus cassia. C. Marilan'- 
dica, American or wild senna, locust plant; leaves are 
similar in virtue to those of Cassia senna, but inferior 
in strength. C. med'ica or medicina'lis, C. angus- 
tifolia. C. mol'lis, C. grandis. C. moscha'ta, see Cassia 
fistula. C. ni'gra, C. fistula. C. occidenta'lis, stinking 
weed or wood, grows in Southern IL S.; styptic; root 
diuretic; bark is antipyretic; leaves are purgative. C. 
officina'lis, C. senna. C. orienta'lis, C. senna. C. pulp, 
sweet mucilaginous matter obtained from carefully 
prepared recent pods of Cassia fistula, or by diffusion 
in water, straining, and evaporation. It is the chief 
cathartic ingredient in them. See Cassia fistula. C., 
pur'ging, Cassia fistula. C. sen'na, name of plant 
affording senna. Senna (Ph. U. S.) is leaflets of Cassia 
acutifolia and elongata; also of C. angustifolia (Ph. 
Br.). The leaves of senna, or cassia, have 
a faint smell and bitterish taste. The active part, by 
some called cathartin, cathartic, or cathartinic acid, is 
extracted by alcohol and water, and has been given as 
a purgative in dose of 2 to 5 grains. ' Leaves are hydra- 
gogue cathartic, and apt to gripe. Dose of powder, £)j 
to 3j. Infusion is the best form. Varieties of senna in 
commerce are Tinnivelly senna, Bombay or common 
India senna, Alexandrian senna, Tripoli senna, and CASS I/E 
Aleppo senna. C. sensiti'va or seric'ea, shrub of S. 
America and. W. Indies; juice has been used in inflam- 
mation of the nates and legs. C. siliquo'sa, C. fistula. 
C. sopho'ra, roots of this E. Indian herb are used in 
diseases of the skin and liver; bark and seeds in 
diabetes. C. to'ra or toroi'des, E. Indian herb; leaves 
are laxative, and used as applications to ulcers, pus- 
tules, etc.; root is used externally in ringworm. 
Cassias artamentum, kas'se-e ar-ta-men'tum. See 
Cassia fistula. C. fis'tulas pul'pa, see Cassia pulp. C. 
flo'res, see Lauros cinnamomum. 
Cassi'ala. Ilyssopus. 
Cassida galericulata, kas'sid-ah gal-er-ik-u-lat'- 
ah. Scutellaria galericulata. 
Cassina, kas-se'nah. Ilex vomitoria. 
Cassine Caroliniana, kas-se'ne kar-o-lin-e-an'ah. 
Ilex Paraguensis. C. ev'ergreen, Ilex vomitoria. C. 
Par'agua, Ilex Paraguensis. C. ve'ra, Ilex vomitoria. 
Cassis, kas'sis. Ribes nigrum. 
Cassoihba ot Cassombo. Carthamus tinctorius. 
Cas'su. Superior form of catechu, from Areca 
catechu. 
Cassumuniar (kas-su-mu'ne-ar), Cassumu'nar, or 
Casamu'nar. Bengal root. Root from E. Indies, aro- 
matic bitter, tonic, and stimulant; once considered a 
panacea. 
Cassuvium, kas-su've-um. Anacardium. C. pom- 
if'erum, Anacardium occidentale. 
Cassyta (kas'sit-ah) or Cas'sytha filifor'mis (fil-e- 
for'mis). S. African plant, employed by Cape colo- 
nists as a wash in scald head, and an antiparasitic; also 
in gonorrhoea, ophthalmia, ulcers, etc., and as a cool- 
ing drink in fevers. 
Cast. Anything formed in a mould, as it were; 
hence, casts formed in urinary tubules, as in tubu- 
lar nephritis, in diphtheria, in nasal cavities, the 
trachea, bronchi, etc. See Contortion, Blood-casts. C., 
cork'screw, C., spiral. C., epithe'lial, C. of epithelial 
cells of urinary tubules. C. in the eye, strabismus. C., 
hy'aline, translucent cast, probably from coagulation 
of albuminoid substance, found in urine, coming 
either from kidney or testicle. C., mu'coid or mu'- 
cous, cast-like matter made up of mucus. C., re'nal, 
cast of uriniferous tubule. C., spi'ral, renal cast 
twisted over itself in the urinary passages. C., testic'- 
ular, form of cast, like renal cast, sometimes noticed 
in spermatorrhoea. C., transparent, C., hyaline; 
C., waxy. C., tube, see Tube-casts. C., u'rinary, cast 
of urinary canal or tubule. C., wax'y, renal cast 
having resemblance to wax. 
Castalia speciosa, kas-tal'e-ah spes-e-o'sah. Nym- 
phsea alba. 
Castanea, kas-tan'e-ah. Fagus castanea; see also 
Fagus castanea pumila. C. equi'na, JEsculus hippocas- 
tanum. C. pu'mila, Fagus castanea pumila. C. ves'- 
ca, Fagus castanea. C. vulga'ris, Fagus castanea. 
Castela Nicholsoni, kas-te'la nik-ol-so'ne. Shrub 
of tropical India, Africa, and America, having anti- 
periodic properties; similar qualities are assigned to 
its active principle, amargosin. 
Castigans, kas-te'gans (castigo, to correct). Cor- 
rigent. 
Castiglionia lobata, kas-til-e-o'ne-ah lo-bat'ah 
(after L. Castiglioni). Pinoncillo tree; tree of Peru ; 
when incision is made into the stem a clear liquid 
flows out, which becomes black and horny-like, and 
is a powerful caustic; Jatropha curcas. 
Castillon (kas-til'yon) pow'ders (called after their 
proposer). See Powders, Castillon. 
Cas'tin. Bitter extractive from Vitex agnus-castus. 
Castor (kas'tor), Amer'ican or Cana'dian. American 
variety of castor fiber. C., bay, Magnolia glauca. C. 
bean, see Ricinus. C., Cana'dian, C., American. C., 
Eng'lish, C., American. C. fi'ber, the beaver, which 
furnishes castor, an odorous secretion used as a ner- 
vine and antispasmodic; see Castoreum. Its blood, 
urine, bile, and fat were also formerly used in med- 
icine. C. Gal'liae, French and European variety of 
C. fiber. C. oil, expressed oil of Ricinus communis; 
cathartic; used externally in ointments, hair-washes, 
etc.; see Ricinus communis. C., Pruss'ian or Russ'ian, 
197 
CATACLASIS 
castor procured from European or Asiatic beaver; 
more valuable medicinally than American castor. 
C. seeds, seeds of Ricinus communis. C. wood, Mag- 
nolia glauca. 
Castoreum kas-to're-um. Castor; peculiar concrete 
matter (castor fiber) found in follicles between 
anus and external genitals of beaver in both sexes; 
odor is strong, unpleasant, and peculiar; taste bitter, 
subacrid; antispasmodic and nervine; see Castor fiber. 
Dose, gr. x-xx. C. America'num, castor Americanus. 
C. Canaden'se, castor Americanus. C. Europse'um, 
Russian castor; known also under names C. Germani- 
cum, C. Moscoviticum, C. Eossicum, C. Sibericum. 
Castorin, kas'to-rin. White waxy crystalline de- 
rivative of castor. 
Castrangula, kas-tran'gu-lah. Scrophularia aquat- 
ica, S. nodosa. 
Castration, kas-tra'shun (castro, to emasculate). 
Orcheotomy, orchidotomy, gelding, spaying. Opera- 
tion of removing the testicles or one testicle only. 
Spaying, Female castration, is a term usually restricted 
to removal of the ovaries. See Alteration, Castratus, 
and Oophorectomy. 
Castratura, kas-trah-tu'rah. Castration. 
Castra'tus. One deprived of testicles. An animal 
in this condition is said to be altered. The opera- 
tion has been practised to procure clearer and sharper 
voice. In the East guardians of the harem, for sake 
of security, are converted into castrati or eunuchs, 
who sometimes have both testes and penis removed. 
Casuarina (kas - u - ar - e' nah) equisetifo'lia or In'- 
dica. Astringent bark of this plant of the E. Indies 
is used in diarrhoea and dysentery. C. litora'lis, 
lito'rea, or muriat'ica, tinian pine of India, has 
similar properties; also tonic. 
Casumu'niar. Cassumuniar. 
Casus, kah'sus (cado, to fall). Case; symptom; 
prolapsus; accident. C. pal'pebrse superio'ris, 
falling down of the upper eyelid; see Blepharoptosis. 
C. u'vulae, relaxation and tumefaction of the uvula ; 
see Staphyloedema. 
Cat foot. Gnaphalium polycephalum. C. mint, 
Nepeta cataria. C. tail, Typha latifolia. C. thy'me, 
Teucrium marum. 
Cata (kat'a) or Cath (kata, downward, after). At 
times gives additional force to the radical word. 
Catabasis, kat-ab'as-is (katabaino, to descend). Ex- 
pulsion of humors downward. Descent, as of the tes- 
ticles. Decline of disease. 
Catabatic, kat- a-bat' ik. Having a tendency to 
fall, descend, or decline. 
Catablema, kat-ah-bla'mah (kataballo, to throw; 
anything let fall, as a curtain). Outermost bandage, 
securing the rest. 
Catab'olism (kataballo, to throw down). Normal 
tissue-disintegration. 
Catabythismomania, kat-ah-bith-iz-mo-man'e-ah 
(katabuthismos, submersion). Insanity, with propen- 
sity to suicide by drowning. 
Catacasmus, kat-ak-az'mus (cata, akazo, to prick). 
Cupping; scarification. 
Catacauma, kat-ak-aw'mah (cata, kauo, to burn). 
Burn or scald. 
Catacausis, kat-ak-aw'sis. Combustion, human. 
C. ebrio'sa, combustion, human. 
Catacerastlcus, kat-ah-ser-as'tik-us (katakerastikos, 
corrective). Medicine capable of blunting acrimony 
of the humors. 
Catachasmus, kat-ak-as'mus. Catacasmus. 
Catachloos, kat-ak'lo-os (cata, chloos, green). Very 
green, as fecal matter colored by bile. 
Catachrisis, kat-ak'ris-is (cata, chrio, to anoint). In- 
unction. 
Catachrisma, kat-ak-ris'mah. Ointment. 
Catachriston, kat-ak-ris'ton. Liniment. 
Catachysis, kat-ak' is-is (katachuo, to pour upon). 
Affusion with cold water; douche. Decantation. 
Cataclasis, kat - ak'las - is (kataklazo, to break to 
pieces). Distortion or spasmodic fixation of the eyes ; 
spasmodic occlusion or eversion of the eyelids. Frac- 
ture of a bone. i CATAPLASM 
Catamenial, kat-ah-me'ne-al. Menstrual, men- 
struous; appertaining or relating to catamenia. 
Catameniorum fluxus immodicus, kat-ah-me-ne-o'- 
rum finks'us im-mod'ik-us (immoderate flow of 
menses). Menorrhagia. 
Catamysis, kat-am'is-is. Occlusion or closure of 
the eyelids. 
Catanance, kat-an-an'se. Cichorium intybus. 
Catananche caerulea, kat-an-an'ke se-ru'le-ah. 
Herb of S. Europe, considered laxative. 
Catangelus, kat-an'jel-us. Euscus. 
Catantlema (kat-ant-la'mah) or Catantle'sis (cata, 
antlao, to pour). Ablution with warm water; fomen- 
tation ; affusion. 
Catantochasmus, kat-an-to-kaz'mus (katanta, down- 
ward, chasma). Term applied to skulls in which line 
connecting staphylion and basion looks forward when 
referred to radius fixus as a horizontal, making with 
it angle of from 0° to 13°. 
Catantopylus, kat-an-top'il-us (katanta, downward, 
pule, orifice) Term applied to skulls in which for- 
amen magnum looks slightly backward (1° to 8°) 
when referred to radius fixus as horizontal. 
Catantorrhinus, kat-an-tor-rhin'us (katanta, down- 
ward, rhis, nose). Term applied to skulls in which 
line from hormion to subnasal point lies below radius 
fixus, making with it angle of from 1° to 16.5°. 
Catantostomus, kat-an-tos'to-mus (katanta, down- 
ward, stoma, mouth). Term applied to skulls in 
whicb line connecting hormion and alveolar point 
lies below radius fixus, making with it angle of from 
9° to 25.5°. 
Cantanturaniscus, kat-an-tur-an-is'kus (katanta, 
downward, ouraniskos, roof of mouth). Applied to 
skulls in which line connecting posterior border of 
incisive foramen and alveolar point looks backward 
when referred to radius fixus as horizontal, making 
with it angle of from 1° to 20°. 
Catanturanus, kat-an-tur'an-us (katanta, down- 
ward, ouranos, palate). Applied to skulls in which 
line connecting staphylion and alveolar point looks 
backward when referred to radius fixus as horizontal, 
making with it angle of from 1° to 17°. 
Catapaszmus (katapasso, to sprinkle). Moderate 
friction. 
Catapausis, kat-ah-paws'is (cata, pausis, sedation). 
Sedation. 
Catapepsis, kat-ah-pep'sis (cata, intensive, pepsis, 
digestion). Normal complete digestion. 
Catapha'sia (cata, aphasia, loss of speech). Repeti- 
tion of a word or words to a morbid degree. 
Catapho'nic (cata, phone, sound). Eelating to reflec- 
tion of sound. 
Cataphora, kat-af'or-ah (kataphora, fall). State re- 
sembling sleep, with privation of feeling and voice; 
somnolency; profound sleep, synonymous with sopor; 
lethargy. C. co'ma, sanguineous apoplexy. C. 
hydrocepha'lica, serous apoplexy. C. magnet'ica, 
somnambulism, magnetic. 
Cataphoresis, kat-ah-for-a'sis (kataphero, to drive 
down). Act of transferring remedial agents through 
medium of constant current to deeply-situated tissues, 
as in nasal catarrh; application of chloroform to 
nerve-substance, etc. 
Cataphoric, kat-ah-for'ik (same etymon). Eelating 
to power of inducing passage of fluids through mem- 
branes by medium of constant current. 
Cataphracta (kat-ah-frak'tah) or Cataphrac'tes 
(kataphrasso, to furnish with armor). Cuirass; band- 
age applied around the thorax and shoulders. 
Ca,taphrixis, kat-ah-friks'is (cata, phrisso, to shiver). 
Chilliness and pain from exposure to cold. 
Catapiesis, kat-ah-pe'es-is (cata, piezo, to press). 
Depression. 
Catapinosis, kat-ah-pin-o'sis (cata, pino, to drink). 
Absorption. 
Cataplasis, kat-ap'las-is (kataplasso, to besmear). 
Act of overlaying with plaster; application of a 
plaster. 
Cataplasm, kat'ah-plazm (same etymon). Poultice; 
medicine applied externally, under form of thick pap. 
CATACLEIS 
Catacleis, kat'ah-kleis (cata, kleis, clavicle). Term 
applied to many parts, as first rib, acromion, articula- 
tion of sternum with ribs, etc. 
Catacleisls, kat-ah-kleis'is (act of locking up). Mor- 
bid union or occlusion of the eyelids. 
Cataclysis, kat - ak' lis - is (cata, lusis, loosening). 
Purging ; bathing. 
Cataclysm, kat'ak-lizm (katdkluzo, to submerge). 
Clyster; shower bath or copious affusion of •water; 
ablution ; douche; sudden shock. 
Catacrotism, kat-ak'ro-tizm. Catadicrotism. 
Catacrotous (kat-atk'ro-tus) or Catacrot'ic (cata, 
kroteo, to strike). Pulse with double beat, waving 
being observed in downward strokes of the sphyg- 
mograph. 
Catacrusis, kat - ah - kru' sis (katakrouo, to beat 
down). Revulsive action or treatment. 
Catadicrotism, kat-ah-dik'ro-tizm. Variation in 
descending strokes of sphygmograph. 
Catseonesis, kat-e-on-a'sis (cata, aionao, to moisten). 
Cataclysm; catantlema. 
Catagau'na. Cambogia. 
Cataglossum, kat - ah - gios'sum (katago, to draw 
down, glossa, tongue). Instrument for pressing down 
the tongue. See Glossocatophus. 
Catagma, kat-ag'mah. Fracture. C. flssu'ra, see 
Contrafissura. C. fractu'ra, fracture. 
Catagmatics, kat-ag-mat'iks. Remedies supposed 
to be capable of occasioning formation of callus to 
unite fragments of bone. 
Catagraphology, kat-ah-graf-ol'o-je (cata, grapho, to 
write, logos, discourse. Art of writing prescriptions. 
Catalentia, kat-ah-len'she-ah. Epilepsy; epilepti- 
form disease. 
Catalepsia, kat-ah-lep'se-ah. Catalepsy. C. pul- 
mo'num, spasm of the glottis. C. spu'ria, see Ec- 
tasis. 
Catalepsy, kat'ah-lep-se (cata, lambano, to seize hold 
of). Disease in which there is sudden suspension of 
action of the senses and of volition, the limbs and 
trunk preserving different positions given to them; 
affection seen at times as a form of, or in associa- 
tion with, chorea, insanity, and ether or chloroform 
intoxication. C., artificial, form of this disease in- 
duced in the hypnotic state. C., feigned, sim'- 
ulated, or spu'rious, form of catalepsy imitated by 
malingerers or accompanying insanity; in the for- 
mer there cannot be loss of sensation or of sensibility 
to pain. 
Cataleptic, kat-ah-lep'tik Relating to catalepsy; 
affected with catalepsy. C. attack', attack of cata- 
lepsy; see Catalepsy. C. meth'od, administration of 
external agents when internal agents are inapplicable, 
as by inunction. 
Catalep'tiform or Cataleptoid, kat-ah-lep'toid {cata- 
lepsy, eidos, resemblance). Resembling catalepsy. 
Catalotic, kat-al-ot'ik (cata, aloao, to grind). Remedy 
which removes unseemly cicatrices. 
Catalpa, kat-al'pah. Catawba tree, bean tree, In- 
dian bean. A decoction of the pods of catalpa, 
American tree, Didynamia angiospermia, has been 
used in chronic nervous asthma; seeds are anti- 
spasmodic and expectorant, wood is emetic, and bark 
anthelmintic; leaves are emollient and anodyne, 
applied externally. C. arbo'rea, bignonioi'des, cor- 
difo'lia, or syringaefo'lia, catalpa. 
Catalysis, kat-al'is-is (cata, luo, to decompose). 
Paralysis; dissolution, as by death; action of pres- 
ence in producing decomposition, as when a body pos- 
sessing what has been termed catalytic force resolves 
other bodies into new compounds by mere contact 
or presence, without itself experiencing any modi- 
fication. 
Catalyst, kat'al-ist. Substance producing catalysis. 
Catalytic, kat-al-it'ik. Medicine acting by destruc- 
tion or counteraction of morbid agencies in the blood; 
disease induced by such agency; see Catalysis. C. 
force, see Catalysis. 
Catamenia, kat-ah-me'ne-ah (cata, men, month). 
Menses. C. al'ba, leucorrhcea usually preceding, sub- 
stituting, or increased by monthly menstrual discharge. 
198 CATAPLASMA 
Cataplasms are formed of various ingredients and 
used for different objects, being anodyne, emollient, 
antiseptic, etc. A simple poultice acts only by virtue 
of its warmth and moisture. Mealy, fatty substances, 
leaves of plants, certain fruits, crumb of bread, etc., 
are the most common bases. C., al'um, coagulum alu- 
minosum. C. of beer-grounds, see Cataplasma fer- 
menti. C., bread-and-milk, see Cataplasma Uni. C., 
car'rot, cataplasma dauci. C., char'coal, cataplasma 
carbonis ligni. C. of chlo'rinated so'da, cataplasma 
sodae chlorinate. C., flax'seed, cataplasma lini. C., 
hem'lock, cataplasma conii. C., ice, see Ice. C., ley, 
see Lixivium. C., lin'seed, cataplasma lini. C., mush, 
see < Cataplasma lini. C., oil'-cake, see Cataplasma 
lini. C., slip'pery elm, cataplasma ulmi. C., yeast, 
cataplasma fermenti. 
Cataplasma, kat-ah-plaz'mah. Cataplasm. C. aer- 
a'tum, C. fermenti. C. antisep'ticum, poultice con- 
taining charcoal, creasote, carbolic acid, or other anti- 
septic material. C. astrin'gens, poultice of galls, alum, 
or other astringent substance. C. carbo'nis, charcoal 
cataplasm, or poultice made by adding powdered char- 
coal to common cataplasm ; antiseptic to foul ulcers, 
etc. C. cerevis'te, C. fermenti. C. commu'ne, flax- 
seed poultice. C. coni'i, hemlock cataplasm, poul- 
tice made by spreading soft extract of hemlock on 
flaxseed poultice; used in malignant painful ulcers. C. 
dau'ci, carrot cataplasm, made by boiling carrot-root 
until soft enough to form a poultice; used in fetid 
ulcers. C. emol'liens, flaxseed poultice; C. lini. C. 
faec'ute cerevis'te or fermen'ti, yeast cataplasm or 
poultice (wheaten flour, beer, yeast, and water); an- 
tiseptic, and good application to bruises. A cataplasm 
of beer-grounds, cataplasma fseculae cerevisise, is used 
in same cases. C. li'ni, linseed or flaxseed cataplasm, 
made by mixing boiling water with linseed meal; ex- 
cellent emollient. Bread-and-milk cataplasm, ground 
oil-cake cataplasm, and mush cataplasm, or C. of In- 
dian corn, are used in similar cases. C. rubefa'ciens, 
C. sinapis. C. sina'pis, sinapism, mustard cataplasm, 
poultice or plaster (mustard and linseed meal equal 
parts and boiling water); rubefacient and stimulant, 
applied to painful part in rheumatism, localized pains, 
etc. C. so'dae chlorina'tse or chlora'tae, cataplasm 
of chlorinated soda, chlorine poultice, made by add- 
ing solution of chlorinated soda to flaxseed cataplasm; 
applied to foul, offensive ulcers. C. ul'mi, slippery- 
elm poultice, made by adding boiling water to pow- 
dered bark of Ulmus fulva, stirring constantly; light, 
agreeable cataplasm. 
Cataplectic, kat-ah-plek'tik (cata, plesso, to strike). 
Striking suddenly, as a cataplectic attack. 
Cataplexis, kat-ah-pleks'is (cata, plesso, to strike). 
Act of striking with amazement or sudden prostration; 
apoplexy; extreme sensibility of teeth. 
Cataponesis, kat-ah-pon-a'sis (cataponeo, to over- 
come with fatigue). Exhaustion from overwhelming 
exertion or labor. 
Catapo'sis (cata, posis, drinking). Deglutition. 
Catap'otra. Cardiac opening of stomach. 
Catapsyxis, kat-ah-siks'is (katapsucho, to refriger- 
ate). Coldness of body or limbs without rigor and 
horripilation. 
Cataptosis, kat-ap-to'sis (cata, ptosis, fall). Fall of 
patient with epilepsy or apoplexy; sudden resolution 
of a paralytic limb. 
Catapulta virilis, kat-ah-pul'tah vir-il'is (male cata- 
pult, cata, pallo, to throw). Penis. 
Cataputia major, kat-ah-pu'te-ah ma'jor. Eicinus 
communis. C. mi'nor, Euphorbia lathyris. 
Cataract, kat'ar-akt (kataraktes, waterfall, cataract). 
Opacity of crystalline lens or its capsule, preventing 
passage of rays of light, and precluding vision. Cata- 
racts have been divided into spurious and genuine; 
the former, pseudo-cataracta, where obstacle to vision 
is between capsule of lens and uvea; the latter, 
where it is in the lens or capsule. 
Lenticular cataract is seated in the lens, capsular 
or membranous in the capsule. Capsular cataract is 
divided again into anterior, posterior or polar, and 
complete capsular cataract. When the anterior form 
199 
CATARACT 
is elevated above surface of capsule, it has been termed 
pyramidal cataract. Lamellar or zonular cataract con- 
sists of layer of opaque lens substance lying between 
the nucleus and transparent portion of cortical sub- 
stance ; generally congenital or developed in infancy. 
Cortical cataract usually commences at the margin, 
grayish-white stripes being observed running toward 
centre of lens, cloudiness soon involving the whole lens. 
Nuclear or hard senile cataract is a form usually met 
with in old people. When the capsule is rendered 
opaque, in consequence of injury, traumatic cataract, 
suffusio ex vulnere, which cuts or ruptures any 
part of it, it thickens, becomes leathery, and has 
been called Arid siliquose cataract. Morgagnian, lacteal, 
or puriform cataract is a milky variety, in which 
the crystalline is transformed into liquid similar to 
milk, or in which there is opacity of fluid situate 
between the lens and its capsule. Capsulo-lenticular 
cataract affects both lens and capsule. 
Cataracts are also called hard, sclerocataracta, suf- 
fusio dura; soft, phacomalacia, suffusio mollis; stony; 
milky or cheesy, galactocataracta, cataracta la cti color, 
according to their density: white, pearly, yellow, 
brown, gray, green, black, according to their color: 
fixed or vacillating-cataracta capsulolenticularis fixa 
or tremula, according as they are fixed or movable be- 
hind the pupil. They are likewise called cataract® 
marmoraci®, fenestrat®, stellat®, punctata?, dimidiat®, 
etc., according to appearances they present. In diabetic 
cataract opacity is probably dependent on impaired 
nutrition connected with diabetes. 
Cataract may be simple or complicated with adhe- 
sion, amaurosis, specks, etc.; and primary or primitive, 
when opaque before operation; secondary, when 
opacity is result of operation. 
Cataract is commonly a disease of elderly individ- 
uals, although, not unfrequently, congenital, suffusio 
congenita. It forms slowly ; objects are at first seen as 
through a mist; light bodies appear to fly before the 
eyes, and not until after months or years is sight 
wholly lost. Operation alone will obviate the evil by 
removing obstacle to passage of light to the retina. 
The following methods are employed for this purpose, 
the operator observing the rules of antiseptic surgery: 
the flap operation, linear extraction, the modified or 
peripheral linear (Von Graefe), the short flap (De 
Wecker), the needle operation, and the suction 
method. The old operation of couching or depression 
has been abandoned by ophthalmic surgeons. 
The needle operation, or discission, consists in opening 
the capsule of the lens; the aqueous humor comes in 
contact with the substance of the lens, and absorp- 
tion is brought about. This mode of operating is 
adapted to cataracts in children. The suction method 
consists in lacerating the anterior lenticular capsule 
with needles; an incision is made in the cornea large 
enough to allow the aspirator to be introduced, suc- 
tion is made with it, and the lens matter removed in 
this manner. Selection of the most appropriate opera- 
tion must depend upon the peculiar nature of the case. 
Cat'aract, ante'rior central, C., polar. 0., axial, 
C., nuclear. C., black, nuclear cataract darkened by 
absorption of h®matin, with inflammation of inner 
part of the eye; at one time amaurosis was so called. 
C., calca'reous, cataractwith calcareous deposits, often 
so hard as to receive the name osseous. C., cap'su- 
lar, see Cataract. C., capsulo-lentic'ular, see Cataract. 
C., ca'seous, C., cheesy. C., central, 0., neutral; 
centradiaphanes. C., chee'sy, see Cataract. C., cho- 
lesterin, cataract having particles of cholesterin 
glistening in the lens. C., com'plicated, see Cataract. 
C., congenital, see Cataract. C., cor'tical, see Cata- 
ract. C., crystalline, C., lenticular; see Cataract. 
C., cyst'ic, see Cataracta cystica. C., diabetic, cata- 
ract associated with diabetes. C., dotted, C., punc- 
tated. C., false, opacity of the cornea or aqueous 
humor not involving the lens. C., fi/brinous, false 
cataract, in which plastic lymph is deposited on the 
lens or its capsule. C., fixed, see Cataract. C., fluid, 
see Cataracta cystica. C., fu'siforin, spindle-shaped 
nuclear cataract. C., gen'uine, see Cataract. C., CATARACTA 
glycosu'ric, diabetic c.; see Cataract. C., green, 
cataract complicated with glaucoma. C., hard, see 
Cataract. C., hy'aloid, cataract probably dependent 
upon opacity of vitreous humor. C., intersti'tlal, C., 
lenticular. C., lamel'lar, lam'inar, or lam'inated, 
opacity of several lamellse of the lens, not of whole 
lens itself; generally congenital. C., lentic'ular, see 
Cataract. C., lymph, cataracta cystica. C., mem'- 
branous, see Cataract. C., milk'y, soft, milk-like 
opacity of lens. C., mixed, opacity of lens, at first 
cortical, afterward nuclear also. C., Morgag'nian, 
cataracta cystica. 0., nu'clear, see Cataract. C., 
opaque, see Cataract. C., operations for, see Cata- 
ract. C., os'seous, see C., calcareous. C., peri- 
nu'clear, C., lamellar. C., pigmen'tous, spurious 
cataract due to traumatism, causing detachment of 
pigment. C., po'lar, opacity of centre of capsule of 
lens anteriorly, anterior central or polar c.; or pos- 
teriorly, posterior central or polar c. C., pri'mary or 
primitive, see Cataract. C., pseu'do-mem'branous, 
opacity of lens, having white maculae, result of iritis. 
C., punctated, dotted form of cataract of cortex of 
lens. C., putulent, hypopyon. C., putrid, hypo- 
pyon. C., pyramidal, see Cataract. C., secondary, 
C. consequent on some disease in vicinity, tumor, etc. 
C., se'nile, hard cataract of old age. C., sha'king, 
C., tremulous. C., sim'ple, see Cataract. C., soft, 
see Cataract. C., solid, C., hard. C., spin'dle-shaped, 
C., fusiform. C., sputious, see Cataract. C., sto'ny, 
see Cataract. C., traumatic, see Cataract. C., trem'- 
ulous, condition in which, from laceration of parts 
or other cause, there is unusual mobility of the lens 
and iris. C., true, C., lenticular. C., vacillating, 
C., trembling; see Cataract. C., zo'nular, C., lamel- 
lar; see Cataract. 
Cataracta, kat-ar-ak'tah. Cataract. C. accreta, 
cataract with adherent iris. C. arbores'cens, cataract 
with pigmentary deposit on lens. C. argente'a, cata- 
ract with fatty matter of bile in the lens. C. arlda 
siliquo'sa, see Cataract. C. axialis, cataract with 
central opacity; nuclear cataract. C. calca'rea, cata- 
ract, calcareous. C. capsula'ris, capsular cataract. 
C. cap'sulo-lenticula'ris, see Cataract. C. centralis, 
C. from obscurity of central portion of the lens. C. 
cyslica, cystic or fluid condition of lens, especially 
its cortex. C. dimidiala, see Cataract. C. fenes- 
trala, see Cataract. C. fusifor'mis, spindle-shaped 
opacity of lens. C. glau'ca, glaucoma. C. gru- 
mo'sa, cataract with blood deposit in the pupil. C. 
gyp'sea, C. accreta. C. lac'tea, milky cataract. C. 
lactic'olor, see Cataract. C. liq'uida, liquid or fluid 
form of cataract. C. marmora'cea, see Cataract. 
C. Morgagnia'na, see Cataract. C. ni'gra, amaurosis. 
C. nuclea'ris, nuclear cataract; see Cataract. C. 
punctala, see Cataract. C. pyramidala, opacity 
having pyramidal shape. C. senilis, cataract of old 
people; see Cataract. C. stella'ta, see Cataract. C. 
traumatica, see Cataract. C. vir'idis, glaucoma. 
Cataractous, kat-ar-ak'tus. Of the nature of cata- 
ract ; relating to cataract. 
Cataria, kat-ah're-ah (catus, a cat, because cats are 
fond of it). See Nepeta. C. vulga'ris, nepeta. 
Catarrh, kat-ar' (cat a, rheo, to flow). Discharge of 
fluid from a mucous membrane. Term is usually 
applied to simple inflammation of mucous membrane 
of the nasal and respiratory passages, but is now ex- 
tended to all mucous membranes, as of stomach, 
bladder, etc. Catarrh, in the English sense, pulmon- 
ary or bronchial catarrh, lung fever, (vulgarly) a 
cold, is superficial inflammation of the mucous fol- 
licles of the trachea and bronchi; commonly of but 
little consequence, but apt to relapse and become 
chronic. It is characterized by cough, thirst, lassi- 
tude, fever, watery eyes, with increased secretion of 
mucus from the air-passages; antiphlogistic regimen 
and time usually remove it; sometimes inflammation 
of the bronchial tubes may prove fatal. C., alco- 
hol'ic, gastro-intestinal irritation of habitual drink- 
ers. C., alve'olar, engorgement of alveoli of lung 
occurring in broncho-pneumonia. C., atroph'ic na'- 
sal, chronic disease characterized by atrophy of 
200 
CATARRHUS 
the lining membrane of the nose and turbinated 
bones, with offensive discharge; see Osaena and Rhin- 
itis. C., autum'nal, fever, hay. C. of the blad'der, 
see Cystitis. C., Bos'tock's, hay fever. C., bron'- 
chial, catarrh, congestive asthma. C., choler'iform, 
see Cholera infantum. C., chron'ic, bronchitis (chron- 
ic). C.,dry, see Bronchitis. C., epidemic, catarrh pre- 
vailing owing to some particular atmospheric condi- 
tion, and affecting a whole country-influenza. C., 
follic'ular, catarrh involving follicles, which become 
elevated and granular. C., gas'tric, gastrorrhcea; 
see Gastritis. C., gas'trie, chronic, pyrosis. C., 
hemorrha'gic, catarrh in which fluid secreted is 
mixed with blood, as in cases of variola, pysemic 
poisoning, etc. C., hyper'trophic na'sal, chronic 
disease characterized by hypertrophy of lining mem- 
brane of nose and pharynx. C., intes'tinal, see En- 
teritis. C., larynge'al, laryngo-catarrhus. C., na'sal, 
coryza. 0., papillary, C. of papillae of kidney. C., 
pitultous, chronic bronchorrhcea, with excessive 
secretion; humid asthma. C., pul'monary, bron- 
chitic catarrh. C., rose, fever, hay. C., Rus'sian, 
influenza. C., se'rous, clear or slightly bloody cat- 
arrh, with tinged secretion. C. of skin, dermatitis. 
C., suflocative, capillary bronchitis. C., suf'foca- 
tive ner'vous, laryngeal or bronchial catarrh threat- 
ening suffocation; asthma thymicum. C., sum'mer, 
fever, hay. C. of u'terus, see Metritis, Leucorrhoea. 
C., vagi'nal, see Leucorrhoea. C., vesical, see Cys- 
titis. 
Catarrhacta, kat-ar-rhak'tah. Cataract. 
Catarrhal, kat-ar'rhal. Relating to or resembling 
catarrh. C. pueumo'nia, see Pneumonia. 
Catarrhectica, kat-ar-rhek'tik-ah (katarhegnumi, to 
break down). Evacuating remedies, such as diuretics, 
cathartics, etc. 
Catarrheuma, kat-ar-rhu'mah fata, rheuma, deflux- 
ion). Catarrh. 
Catarrhexia (kat-ar-rheks'e-ah) or Catarrhexis, 
kat-ar-rheks'is (katarrhexis, breaking down). Evac- 
uant action from the bowels, stomach, or other organs. 
C. vela, discharge of blood from the bowels. 
Catarrhoea, kat - ar - rhe'ah (cata, rheo, to flow). 
Catarrh; rheumatism. 
Catarrhoeticus (kat-ar-rho-et'ik-us) ot Catarrho'- 
icus. Epithet for disease produced by discharge of 
phlegm; catarrhal. 
Catarrhopa phymata, kat-ar-rho'pah fe'mat-ah 
(katarrhopos, sloping downward). Tubercles or other 
growths tending downward or with their apices 
downward. 
Catarrhophe (kat-ar'rho-fa) ot Catarrhophesis, kat- 
ar-rof-a'sis fata, rhophao, to swallow). Absorption. 
Catarrhopia, kat-ar-rho'pe-ah fata, rhope, inclina- 
tion). Afflux of fluids toward inferior parts, and 
especially toward the viscera of the abdomen ; anar- 
rhopia expresses the opposite phenomenon, tendency 
toward upper parts. 
Catarrho-pneumonia, kat-ar'rho-nu-mo'ne-ah. Cat- 
arrhal pneumonia. 
Catarrhoschesis, kat-ar-rhos'kes-is (katarrhoos, cat- 
arrh, schesis, suppression). Suppression of mucous 
discharge or catarrh. 
Catarrhous, kat-ar'rhus. Catarrhal; affected with 
catarrh. 
Catarrhus, kat-ar'rhus. Catarrh, defluxion, tussis. 
C. sesti'vus, fever, hay. C. bellinsula'nus, mumps; 
see Cynanche parotidsea. C. benig'nus, common cold. 
C. bronchia'lis, catarrh. C. bronchiolum, bronchitis. 
C. a conta'gio, influenza. C. epidemlcus, influenza; 
epidemic catarrh. C. febri'lls, catarrhal fever. C. 
feri'nus, whooping cough. C. afrig'ore, see Catarrh. 
C. genitallum, leucorrhoea. C. gonorrhoe'a, gonor- 
rhoea. C. intestina'lis, diarrhoea. C. larynge'us or 
laryn'gis, laryngocatarrhus. C. ad na'res, coryza. 
C. nasa'lis, coryza. C. pec'toris, see Catarrh. C. 
pulmona'lis, catarrh. C. pulmo'num, bronchitis; 
catarrh. C. rubeolo'sus, catarrh incident to measles. 
C. Rus'sicus, influenza. C. seni'lis, bronchitis 
(chronic); senile catarrh. C. sie'eus, dry catarrh. 
C. suffocati'vus Barbaden'sis, C. trachealis; suffoca- CATARRHYSIS 
tive catarrh. C. trachea'lis, catarrh of the trachea 
alone, or of the larynx and trachea; see Laryngo- 
catarrhus. C. ure'thrse, gonorrhoea pura. C. ureth- 
ra'lis, gonorrhoea. C. vesi'cse, catarrh of the blad- 
der; cystorrhcea. 
Catarrhysis, kat-ar'rhis-is (cato, rheo, to flow). Cat- 
arrhopia, defluxion. 
Catartisis (kat-ar'tis-is) or Catartismus, kat-ar- 
tiz'mus (katartizo, to repair). Coaptation or replace- 
ment of luxated or fractured bone. Reduction of 
hernia. 
Catasarca, kat-ah-sark'ah (cata, sarx, flesh). An- 
asarca. 
Catasceue, kat-ah-su'e (cata, skeue, equipment). 
Structure. Muscular exercise-apparatus. 
Cataschasm, kat'as-kazm (cata, schazo, to scarify). 
Bloodletting; scarification. 
Catasei'sis (violent shaking). Concussion. 
Catastagmus, kat-ah-stag'mus (cata, stazo, to drop). 
Catarrh; coryza. 
Catastalagmus, kat-ah-stal-ag'mus (cata, stalazo, to 
drop). Catarrh, coryza, distillation. 
Catastaltic, kat-ah-stal'tik (cata, stello, to repress). 
Haematostatic, sedative, astringent, styptic. Passing 
downward, as nervous force. 
Catastasis, kat-as'tas-is (katastasis, constitution). 
Constitution, state, condition. Reduction of bone. 
Sedation. 
Catatasis, kat-at'as-is (katateino, to extend). Ex- 
tension ; extension and reduction of a fractured 
limb. Reduction of dislocation. 
Catathesis, kat-ath'es-is (act of depositing). De- 
pression. 
Catathlipsis, kat-ah-thlip'sis (cata, thlibo, to press). 
Oppression. 
Cataton'ia, Catat'ony (cata, intensive, tonos, tone 
or tension). Disease of the brain, of the nature of 
intense melancholy and general paresis of the insane. 
Catawba (kat-aw'bah) tree. Catalpa. 
Cataxis, kat-aks'is. Fracture; production of frac- 
ture. 
Catch fly. Apocynum androsremifolium; Silene 
Virginica. C. weed, Galium aparine. 
Cat'echin. White astringent principle derived 
from catechu; catechuic acid. 
Catechin'ic acid. Catechin. 
Catechu, kat'e-ku (East Indian term, signifying 
juice of a tree). Extract prepared from wood of 
Acacia catechu (Ph. U. S.), casetchu, black catechu 
or cutch, and from leaves and young shoots of Nau- 
clea or Uncaria gambir (Ph. Br.), pale catechu, Ori- 
ental trees. Extractum catechu is a powerful astrin- 
gent, used in diarrhoea, intestinal hemorrhage, leucor- 
rhcea, ulcers, sore throat, etc. C. ni'grum, officinal 
catechu. C. pal'lidum, see Catechu. 
Catechu-tannic acid, kat'e-ku-tan'nik as'id. Pe- 
culiar form of tannic acid derived from catechu. 
Cateiadion, kat-i-ad'e-on. Instrument formerly 
thrust into the nostrils to excite hemorrhage in cases 
of headache. 
Catelectrode, kat-e-lek'trode. Cathode. 
Catelectrotonic (kat-e-lek-trot'on-ik) or Catelec- 
trotonous, kat-e-lek-trot'on-us (cata, elektron, tonos, 
tension). Relating to or producing catelectro tonus. 
Catelectrotonus, kat-e-lek-trot'on-us. Increased 
excitability or irritability of a nerve at the negative 
pole after passage of a current through it. 
Cateonesis, kat-a-on-a'sis (cata, aionao, to moisten). 
Catantlema. 
Catesboea mecrantha (kates-be'ah mek-ran'thah) 
or spino'sa. W. Indian shrub, bark of which is tonic 
and antipyretic. 
Cat'foot. Antennaria dioica. 
Cat'gut. Galega Virginiana. C., car'bolized, see 
Ligature, antiseptic. C. lig'ature, ligature made of 
catgut soaked in solution of carbolic acid and sweet 
oil; see Ligature, antiseptic. 
Cath. In composition, see Cata. 
Catha edulis, kath'ah ed-u'lis. Shrub of Asia and 
Africa, leaves of which are used as a drink, similar to 
coffee, and in insomnia and migraine. 
201 
CATHEMERINUS 
Cathaeresis, kath-e'res-is (diminution). Extenua- 
tion or exhaustion. Catharsis. Cauterization. 
Cathaeretie (kath-e'ret-ik) or Catharetic, kath-ar- 
et'ik (Jcathairo, to purge). Cathartic; (kathaireo, to 
destroy) tending to destruction or emaciation. Es- 
charotic. 
Catharism (kath'ar-izm), Cathariza'tion (kathairo, 
topurge). Depuration; purgation. 
Catharina, kath-ar'mah. Matter evacuated hy 
purgation or by spontaneous purging. Cathartic. 
Catharmus, kath-ar'mus. Purgation. Cure of 
disease by magic, etc. 
Catharsis, kath-ar'sis (kathairo, to purge). Natural 
or artificial purgation of any passage-mouth, anus, 
vagina, etc.; usually from the bowels only. 
Cathar'tate. A salt of cathartic acid. 
Cathartic, kath-ar'tik (same etymon). Producing 
catharsis. Medicine which, when taken internally, 
increases the number of alvine evacuations. Some sub- 
stances act upon the upper part of the intestinal canal, 
as calomel and colocynth; others on the lower part, 
as aloes, and some on the whole extent, as saline pur- 
gatives. Cathartics are either purgative or laxative. 
Cathartics are divided into laxatives, simple cath- 
artics, drastic cathartics, saline cathartics, hydra- 
gogues, and cholagogues, as follows (Brunton): 
Cassia. 
Castor oil (in small doses). 
Figs. 
Gingerbread. 
Honey. 
Magnesia. 
Laxatives. 
Manna. 
Molasses. 
Prunes. 
Stewed apples. 
Suiphur. 
Tamarinds. 
Simple Cathartics. 
Aloes. 
Cascara sagrada. 
Castor oil. 
Magnesia. 
Magnesium carbonate. 
Olive oil. 
Rhamnus frangula. 
Rhubarb. 
Senna. 
Sulphur. 
Colocynth. 
Croton-oil. 
Elaterium. 
Gamboge. 
Drastic Cathartics. 
Jalap. 
Podophyllin. 
Scammony. 
Magnesium citrate. 
Magnesium sulphate. 
Potassium bitartrate. 
Potassium and sodium 
tartrate. 
Saline Purgatives. 
Potassium sulphate. 
Potassium tartrate. 
Sodium phosphate. 
Sodium sulphate. 
Sodium sulphovinate. 
Hydragogues. 
Elaterium. 
Gamboge. 
Potassium bitartrate. 
Aloes. 
Euonymin. 
Iridin. 
Cholagogues. 
Mercurial preparations 
(blue pill, calomel, hy- 
drargyrum cum creta. 
C. ac'id, glucoside, CisolIflfiNaSOsa, active principle of 
senna ; see Cassia senna and Rhamnus. 
Cathartin, kath-ar'tin. Bitter purgative substance 
from senna. Principle derived from Rhamnus cath- 
articus; see Cassia senna, Convolvulus Jalapa, and 
Rhamnus. 
Cathartin'ic ac'id. See Cassia senna and Rhamnus. 
In brown soluble scales; laxative in doses of 4 to 6 
grains. 
Cathartocarpus (kath - ar - to - kar' pus) excel'sus 
(kathairo, to purge, karpos, fruit). Cassia fistula. C. 
fis'tula or fistuloi'des, Cassia fistula. C. moscha'tus, 
Cassia moschata. 
Cathartogen'ic ac'id, Cathartog'enin. Brown sub- 
stance, product of action of dilute acids, as hydro- 
chloric acid, upon cathartic acid. 
Cathartoman'nit. Saccharine principle from senna 
leaves, C21H44O19. 
Cathedra, kath'edwah (a seat). Anus. 
Cathelectrot'onus. Catelectrotonus. 
Cathemerinus (kath-em-er'in-us) or Catheme'rius- 
(path, hemera, day). Quotidian. CATHERETIC 
Catheretic, katli-er-et'ik (kathaireo, to destroy). 
Mild caustic applied to wart, exuberant granulation, 
etc. Cathartic. 
Catheter, kath'et-ur (katheter, a probe). Hollow tube 
introduced into the urinary bladder to draw off urine; 
made of silver or elastic gum. Catheters may also be 
passed into the nasal duct or Eustachian tube. See 
Bougie. C., bent or el'bowed, catheter, extremity of 
which is an elbowed curve; used especially in prostatic 
affections. C., elastic, C., flexible. C., Eustach'ian, 
catheter for examining or treating the Eustachian 
tube. C., fe'male, short catheter, to be passed into 
the female urethra. C. fe'ver, adynamic form of 
fever after catheterization; urethral fever. C., flex'- 
ible, catheter made of flexible material, as rubber, 
etc. C., na'sal, instrument adapted for catheterizing 
the ductus ad nasum. 
Cathet'eris. Catheter. 
Catheterisls, kath-et-ur'is-is. Catheterism. 
Catheterism (kath'et-ur-izm) or Catheterization. 
Introduction of catheter, hollow sound, or tube into a 
natural passage, as through the urethra into the blad- 
der, Eustachian tube, larynx, etc.; in latter cases 
called tubage. Probing a wound. 
Catheterization, kath-et-ur-iz-a'shun. Catheterism. 
Catheterize, kath'et-ur-ize. To introduce a cath- 
eter ; to probe or sound a cavity. 
Cathidry'sis (kathidruo, to set in place). Reduction 
of a part to its natural situation. 
Cathion, kath'e-on. Electro-positive element. 
Catho'dal. Cathodic. 
Cathode, kath'ode. Negative pole or electrode, 
point of exit of the galvanic current. 
Cathodic, kath-o'dik (cata, hodos, a way). Relating 
to cathode; term referring to downward or efferent 
course of nervous action. C. clo'sure contraction, 
muscular contraction taking place when the galvanic 
circuit is completed. C. o'pening contraction, mus- 
cular contraction taking place when the galvanic cir- 
cuit is broken. 
Cath'odus. Downward or efferent course of ner- 
vous action, or downward afflux of blood. 
Catholicon, kath-ol'ik-on. Panacea; purging elec- 
tuary. 
Cathorasis, kath-or'as-is (kathorao, to look intent- 
ly). Acuteness of sight. 
Cathypnia (kath-ip'ne-ah) or Cathypno'sis (cala, 
hupnos, sleep). Profound sleep. 
Catias, kat'e-as. Cateiadion; catheter knife for 
tenotomy. 
Cation, kat'e-on. Cathion. 
Cati'vi. Contagious cutaneous disease of Honduras, 
characterized by numerous colored spots. 
Catling, kat'ling. Knife, double-edged. 
Cat'mint, Cat'nep, or Cat'nip. Nepeta cataria; 
Catamintha officinalis. 
Cato, kat'o (kato, below, beneath). Abdomen; in- 
testines; as prefix, beneath, downward. 
Catocathartic, kat-o-kath-ar'tik {eato, kathairo, to 
purge). Medicine purging downward; antithesis to 
Anacathartic. 
Catoche, kat'ok-e (katecho, to take possession of). 
Catalepsy; coma vigil; tetanus; fever with coma. 
Catocheilon, kat-o-kile'on (cato, cheilos, lip). Lower 
lip. 
Catochus, kat ok-us (katochos, firm). Catoche. In- 
duration of connective tissue. C. cervi'nus, tetanus. 
C. holoton'icus, tetanus. C. infantum, induration 
of cellular tissue. 
Catocoelia, kat-o-se'le-ahj (eato, koilia, abdomen). 
Hypogastrium; lower part of the abdomen. 
Catomismus, kat-o-miz'mus (eato, omos, shoulder). 
Reducing luxation of humerus by raising the body by 
the arm. 
Catopter, kat-op'tur (cata, opto, to see). Speculum. 
Catoptric, kat-op'trik. Relating or appertaining to 
catoptrics or reflection of light. 0. examination of 
the eye, catoptric test; when a lighted candle is held 
before the eye, pupil of which has been dilated by bel- 
ladonna, three images of it are seen-two erect, one in- 
verted-the former owing to reflection from the cor- 
202 
CAUDA 
nea and anterior surface of crystalline; the latter, 
to reflection from posterior layer of the crystalline, 
inverted, and between the other two; a means of 
diagnosis between cataract and amaurosis, in the 
latter all the images being seen. Opthalmoscope is 
now used as substitute for this method. 
Catop'trics. Part of physics treating of reflected 
light. 
Catoptromancy, kat-op'tro-man-se (katoptris, mir- 
ror, manteia, divination). Divination by means of a 
mirror. 
Catoptron, kat-op'tron (cata, opto, to see). Spec- 
ulum. 
Catoretic (kat-o-ret'ik) or Catoter'ic. Purgative. 
Catorrhinus, kat-or'rhin-us (cato, rhis, nose). Term 
applied to skulls in which line from hormion (the 
point or middle line of junction of posterior border 
of vomer and sphenoid) to subnasal point (centre of 
inferior border of anterior nasal aperture) lies below 
radius flxus (linear distance between hormion and 
inion), the resulting angle being from 16.5° to 35°. 
Catostomus, kat-os'tom-us (cato, stoma, mouth). 
Term designating skulls which have line between 
hormion and alveolar point (centre of anterior mar- 
gin of superior alveolar arch) below radius flxus, 
angle being from 25.5° to 42.5°. 
Catotica, kat-o'tik-ah (kato, beneath). Diseases in- 
fecting internal surfaces. 
Catouraniscus, kat-u-ran-is'kus (cato, ouraniskos, 
roof). Craniometrical term to designate skulls in 
which line between posterior border of incisive fora- 
men and alveolar point looks backward when referred 
to radius flxus as horizontal, resultant angle being 
from 20° to 40°. 
Catouranus, kat-oor'an-us (cato, ouranos, roof of 
mouth). Craniometrical term used to designate 
skulls in which line between staphylion (median 
point of posterior nasal spine) and alveolar point 
(centre of anterior margin of superior alveolar arch) 
looks backward when referred to radius flxus as hori- 
zontal, the resultant angle being 17° to 34°. 
Catoxys, kat-oks'is (kata, intensive, oxus, acute). 
Highly acute, as a disease. 
Cat's eye. Opalescent appearance of pupil and of 
bottom of the eye, which reflect light in various colors 
or degrees of intensity, according to the direction in 
which the eye is turned. See Amaurotic cat's eye. C.'s 
foot, Antennaria dioica. C.'s hair, Euphorbia piluif- 
era. C.'s purr, peculiar thrill sometimes heard in 
diseases of the heart. 
Cattagau'ma. Cambogia. 
Cat'tail. Typha latifolia. C. flag, typha latifolia. 
Cattle-plague. Rinderpest. 
Cattle-poison plant. Australian name for different 
varieties of Gastrolobium. 
Catulotic, kat-u-lo'tik. Promoting cicatrization. 
Caturus speciflorus, kat-u'rus spes-e-flo'rus (katta, 
cat, our a, tail-from shape of its flowers). E. Indian 
shrub, used in diarrhoea and dysentery. 
Caucalis carota, kaw-kal'is kar-o'tah. Daucus 
carota. C. daucoi'des, bur-parsley, hedge-parsley, 
of Europe; fruit is diuretic and emmenagogue; C. c. 
grandiflora has similar properties. C. latifo'lia, bas- 
tard parsley of Europe; diuretic. C. sanic'ula, 
sanicula. 
Caucaloides, kaw-kal-o-e'des (like Caucalis). Pa- 
tella. 
Caucasian, kaw-ka'zhe-an. See Homo. 
Cauchuc, kaw'shook. Caoutchouc. 
Cauda, kaw'dah (a tail). Tail. Elongated extrem- 
ity of muscle or other structure; see Clitorism, Coccyx, 
Penis. C. agres'tis, Acalypha betulina. C. cauda'ti, 
C. corporis striati. C. cerebel'li, vermiform process. 
C. coccyge'a, coccyx. C. collic'uli cauda'ti, C. cor- 
poris striati. C. cor'poris stria'ti, posterior extrem- 
ity of corpus striatum. C. epididym'idis, tail of epi- 
didymis. C. equi'na (horse's tail), the spinal marrow, 
at its termination, about the second lumbar vertebra, 
gives off a number of nerves, which, when unravelled, 
resemble a horse's tail; hence the name; see Medulla 
spinalis. C. fe'lis, caturus. C. hel'icis, tail of the CAUDAD 
process of the helix. C. lie'nis, lower extremity of 
spleen. C. muli'ebris, clitoris. C. mus'culi, see 
Muscle. C. pancre'atis, tail of pancreas. C. pri'or 
flexo'ris bre'vis, abductor brevis alter. C. puden'di, 
clitoris; polypus uteri. C. sa'lax, penis. C. striazti, 
delicate termination of nucleus caudatus. 
Cau'dad. In a direction toward the, tail or poste- 
rior extremity. 
Caudal (kawd'al) or Caud'ate (cauda, tail). Ee- 
lating or appertaining to a tail. Having a tail or tail- 
like appendage, as cells or corpuscles in cancer. C. 
lig'ament, lower extremity of spinal cord. C. ver'- 
tebrae, coccygeal and sacral vertebrae, those belong- 
ing to the tail. 
Caudate, kawd'ate. Caudal. C. lobe of liv'er, see 
Liver. C. nu'cleus, see Corpus striatum. 
Caudation, kawd-a'shun (cauda, tail). Clitorism. 
Caudatus, kawd-at'us. Caudal or caudate. 
Caudex (kawd'eks) cer'ebri (caudex, stem). Pe- 
duncle of brain. C. dorsa'lis, spinal cord; medulla 
oblongata. C. enceph'ali, cerebral peduncle; medulla 
oblongata; crus cerebri; pons Varolii. C. medulla'- 
ris, cerebral peduncle. 
Caudle, kawd'le. Nourishing gruel containing egg, 
sugar, wine, and nutmeg. 
Cau'do-fem'oral. Agitator caudae. 
Caul (caula, sheep-fold). Lucky hood, Omentum, 
Amnion. When a child is born with membranes over 
the face, it is said to be born with a caul. The caul is 
supposed to confer privileges upon the possessor; 
hence the membranes are dried, and sometimes sold 
for a high price, and even bequeathed, and are occa- 
sionally carried about for a long series of years. See 
Epiploon. 
Cauledon, cawl-c'don (kaulos, stalk). Transverse 
fracture. 
Cauliflower, kawl'e-flow-ur (caulis, (G.) Kohl, cab- 
bage). Brassica florida. C. can'cer, ulcerated cancer 
of cervix uteri. C. excres'cence, excrescence ap- 
pearing about the origin of the mucous membranes, 
chiefly about the anus and vulva, and resembling in 
appearance a head of cauliflower; it is often syphilitic. 
Cauliflower excrescence of the uterus is an epitheliomat- 
ous growth from the circumference of the os uteri, 
and, at times, from the surface of the cavity of the 
uterus. 
Caulis, kawl'is (kaulos, stalk). Penis; cervix uteri; 
crus cerebri. C. flor'ida, Brassica florida. C. u'teri, 
cervix uteri. 
Caulophyllin, kawl-o-fil'lin. Eesinous matter de- 
rived from caulophyllum; tonic. 
Caulophyllum tiialictroides, kawl-o-fil'lum thal- 
ik-tro-e'des (kaulos, stalk, phullon, leaf). Blueberry 
Cohosh, Cohosh, Cohush, Blue Cohosh, Papoose or Pap- 
poose root, Squaw root, Blue ginseng, Yellow ginseng. 
Plant of family Berberidese, growing all over the U. 
States. Eoot is said to be emmenagogue, diaphoretic, 
diuretic, and antispasmodic. Ehizome and rootlets 
are officinal under the name Caulophyllum (Ph. U. S.). 
Cauloplegia, kawl-o-plej'e-ah (caulis, plege, stroke). 
Injury or paralysis of the penis. 
Caulorrhagia, kawl-or-rhaj'e-ah (caulis, rhegnumi, 
to break forth). Hemorrhage from the penis. C. 
ejaculato'ria, discharge of blood from the urethra 
in the act of emission of sperm. C. stillati'tia, hem- 
orrhage from the urethra. 
Caulorrhoea, kawl-or-rhe'ah (caulis, rheo, to flow). 
Discharge from the penis. C. benig'fla, gonorrhoea 
pura; urethral blennorrhea of the male. 
Caulus, kawl'us. Penis; neck of uterus; crus 
cerebri. 
Cauma, kaw'mah (burnt part). Great heat of the 
body or atmosphere. Inflammation; internal inflam- 
mation ; inflammatory fever. Spot burned by cau- 
tery. C. bronchi'tis, cynanche trachealis. C. cardi'- 
tis, carditis. C. cysti'tis, cystitis. C. enteri'tis, en- 
teritis. C. gastri'tis, gastritis. C. haemorrhag'icum, 
active hemorrhage. C. hepati'tis, hepatitis. C. hys- 
teri'tis, metritis. C. nephrl'tis, nephritis. C. odon- 
taPgicum, odontalgia. C. ophthalmi'tis, ophthalmia. 
C. oti'tis, otitis. C. paroti'tis, cynanche parotidsea. 
203 
CAUSTIC 
C. peritonitis, peritonitis. C. phreni'tis, phrenitis. 
C. pleuri'tis, pleuritis. C. podag'ricum, gout. C. 
rheumatis'mus, rheumatism, acute. C. splenitis, 
splenitis. 
Camnattc (kauma, burn). Febrile; pyretic. 
Caumatodes (kaw - ma-to'des) or Caumate'rus. 
Burning hot, as Febris caumatodes, inflammatory fever. 
Caun'ga. Areca. 
Causa, kaw'sah. Cause. C. ab'dita, latent cause. 
C. conjuncta or continens, proximate cause. C. ex- 
citans, exciting cause. C. procatarc'tica, predis- 
posing cause; occasional cause. C. proxtma, prox- 
imate cause. 
Causse (kaw'se) (pl. of Causa) ab'ditae. Predis- 
ponent or remote causes. C. actuates, occasional 
causes. C. praeincipientes, procatarctic causes. C. 
praegu'menae, predisponent causes. 
Cau'sal. Relating to a cause. 
Causalgia, kaws-al'je-ah (kausos, heat, algos, pain). 
Burning pain as in neuralgia, commonly in the foot, 
but also in the region of an injured nerve. 
Cause, kawz. Act preceding another, and seeming 
to be a necessary condition for concurrence of the 
latter, as in production of disease. C., acces'sory, 
one which has only secondary influence in produc- 
tion of disease. C., accidental, one which acts only 
in certain given conditions, and does not always pro- 
duce the same disease; cold, for example. C., antece'- 
dent, remote or predisposing cause. C., endopathtc, 
one arising within the body, as mental emotions. C., 
essential, one that produces the effect without regard 
to other causes. C., exciting, C., occasional; C., proxi- 
mate. C., exopath'ic, C., external. C., exter'nal, 
one acting from without, as air, cold, etc. C., hid'den, 
C., occult. C., imme'diate, C., essential or proximate. 
C., inter'nal, C., endopathic. C., mechan'ical, one 
acting mechanically, as pressure upon the windpipe in 
inducing suffocation. C. neg'ative, anything, priva- 
tion of which may derange the functions, as absti- 
nences too long continued. Opposed to positive causes, 
which directly induce disease, as use of indigestible 
food, spirituous drinks, etc. C., obscure', C., occult. 
C., occa'sional, exciting cause; one which immedi- 
ately produces a disease. C., occult', hidden cause; 
obscure cause; one with which we are unacquainted ; 
certain inappreciable characters of the atmosphere, 
giving rise to epidemics. C., phys'ical, one acting by 
virtue of physical properties, as form, hardness, etc. 
C., physiolog'ical, one acting only on living matter; 
narcotics, for example. C., pos'itive, see C., negative. 
C., predispo'nent or predispo'sing, remote cause; 
one which renders the body liable to disease; general, 
affecting a number of people, or particular, affecting 
only one person. C., pri'mary, C., proximate. C., 
prin'cipal, one exerting the chief influence in pro- 
duction of disease, as distinguished from accessory 
cause. C., procatarc'tic (relating to origin or begin- 
ning), word used with different significations, synony- 
mously with predisponent or remote cause, and with 
occasional or exciting cause. C., prox'imate, one pro- 
ducing direct and immediate effect; superabundance 
of blood, for example, being the proximate cause of 
plethora. C., remote' or sec'ondary, C., predispo- 
nent. C., specif'ic, one of specific character, as a 
micro-organism. 
Causis, kawz'is (kaio, to burn). Burn, cauteriza- 
tion, combustion, ebullition, fermentation. See Incen- 
dium and Ustion. 
Causodes, kawz-o'des (kausis, burn). Inflamma- 
tory. 
Causoma, kawz-o'mah (kausis, burn). Inflamma- 
tion. See Cauma, Causis. 
Caustic, kaws'tik (kaustikos, that which burns). 
Term applied to bodies having property of burning or 
disorganizing animal substances. The most active are 
called escharotics, completely decomposing the tissues 
to which they are applied. Caustics are also termed 
corrosives. C. al'cohol, sodium ethylate. C. am- 
mo'nia, aqua ammonia?. C. ar'rows, small sharp- 
pointed cones of paste, containing zinc chloride or 
other caustics, introduced into the substance of tumors. CAUSTICA ADUSTIO 
C. bary'ta, barium hydrate. C. bear'er, instruments 
for carrying lunar caustic. C., black, concentrated 
sulphuric acid made into paste with saffron. Used in 
cancer. C., Can'quoin's, pasta zinci chloridi. C. 
collo'dion, solution of corrosive sublimate p. iv in 
collodion p. xxx, used for destroying naevi materni. C., 
com'mon, causticum commune. C. of Fil'hos, mix- 
ture of melted potassa 100 p., lime 20 p., poured into 
moulds. C. i'odine, Lu'gol's, iodine and iodide of 
potassium, each dissolved in water ; used in 
lupus and fungous granulations. C., Landol'fi's, mix- 
ture of chlorides of bromine, zinc, gold, and anti- 
mony. C., lu'nar, argenti nitras. C., mit'igated, di- 
luted nitrate of silver. C. paste, Canquoin's pasta 
zinci chloridi. C. points, C. arrows. C. pot'ash, 
potassa. C. so'da, sodium hydrate. C., Vien'na, 
potassa cum calce. 
Caustica adustio, kaws'tik-ah ad-us'te-o (caustic 
burning). Cauterization. 
Causticity, kaws - tis' it - e. Impression made by 
caustic bodies on the organ of taste. Property dis- 
tinguishing those bodies. 
Causticophorum, kaws-tik-of'or-um (kaustikos, cap- 
able of burning, phero, to carry). Caustic-bearer. 
Causticum, kaws'tik-um. Caustic. C. JEthiop'icum, 
paste made by rubbing powdered saffron with concen- 
trated sulphuric acid ; used as caustic in gangrenous 
and carcinomatous ulcers. C. alkali'num, potassa 
fusa. C. America'num, Veratrum sabadilla. C. anti- 
monia'le, antimonium muriatum. C. chirur'gicum, 
potassa fusa. C. cum chlorure'to zin'cico, Canquoin's 
caustic. C. commu'ne, potential cautery, common 
caustic, consisting of quicklime and black soap, equal 
parts; potassa fusa. C. c. acer'rimum, potassa fusa. 
C. c. for'tins, potassa cum calce. C. luna're, argenti 
nitras. C. ni'grum, caustic, black. C. cum potas'sa 
et calce, caustic of Filhos. C. potentia'le, potassa 
fusa. C. sali'num, potassa fusa. C. Viennen'se, po- 
tassa cum calce; see Powder, Vienna. 
Causus, kaws'us (kausos, heat). Ardent fever; gas- 
tric intermittent fever. C., endem'ial or endem'ic, 
of West Indies, fever, yellow. C. trop'icus endem'- 
icus, fever, yellow. 
Cauter, kawt'ur (kauter, a burner). Cauterium. 
Cauterant (kawt'er-ant) or Cauteret'ic. Possessing 
caustic effects. 
Cauteriasmus (kaw-ter-e-az'mus), Cauterisa'tio, or 
Caut'erism. Cauterization. 
Cauterium, kaw-ter'e-um. Cautery. C. actua'le, 
actual cautery. C. potentia'le, potential cautery. 
Cauterization, kaw-ter-iz-a'shun (kauteriaso, to 
cauterize). Firing; act of applying caustic or cautery; 
effect of cautery or caustic. 
Cauterize, kaw'tur-ize. To apply cautery or caustic; 
to burn with cautery or caustic. 
Cautery, kaw'tur-e. Substance used for firing, 
burning, or disorganizing parts to which it is applied. 
Cauteries were formerly divided into actual and 
potential. The word is now restricted to the red-hot 
iron or to positive burning. It was formerly much 
used for preventing hemorrhage from divided arteries, 
and also with the same views as a blister. The "but- 
ton cautery," recommended by Sir Dominic Corrigan 
for "firing" or producing speedy rubefaction, consists 
of a thick iron wire shank, inserted into a small 
wooden handlS, having on its slightly curved ex- 
tremity an iron disk or button. The term Potential 
cautery was generally applied to causticum commune, 
but is now used synonymously with caustic in gen- 
eral. C., ac'tual, cautery. C., but'ton, see Cautery. 
C., clamp, instrument for cauterizing pedicle of 
ovarian tumor. C., galvan'ic, actual cautery, in 
which wire is made intensely hot by electricity ; see 
Moxa. C., gas, application of heat through metallic 
or porcelain instruments heated by ordinary burning 
gas. C., lin'ear, C. applied in a straight line. C., 
Paquelin's, see Thermo-cautery. C., poten'tial, caus- 
ticum commune; see Cautery. C., vir'tual, C., poten- 
tial. 
Cava, kav'ah (hollow). Vena cava; any cavity, 
as orbit, vulva, etc.; kava. C. vena (' hollow or 
204 
CAVERNOUS 
deep-seated vein ')• Name given to two great veins 
which meet at the right auricle of the heart. The 
vena cava superior, thoracica, or descendens is formed 
by union of the subclavian veins, and receives suc- 
cessively, before its termination at the upper part of 
the right auricle, the inferior thyroid, right internal 
mammary, superior diaphragmatic, azygos, etc. The 
vena cava inferior, abdominalis, or ascendens arises 
from union of the two primary iliacs, opposite the 
fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra, receives middle 
sacral, lumbar, right spermatic, hepatic, and inferior 
diaphragmatic veins, and opens at the posterior and 
inferior part of the right auricle. 
Cav'al. Appertaining to vena cava. C. ap'erture, 
opening in central tendon of diaphragm for ascend- 
ing vena cava. 
Cavalry (kav'al-re) bone. Osseous deposit in ad- 
ductor muscles of thigh, from pressure in the saddle; 
rider's bone. 
Cavatio, ka-vah'she-o {cavus, hollow). Cavity, ex- 
cavation. 
Cave of Ret'zius. See Retzius. 
Cavea, kav'e-ah. Cavity. See Carum. 
Caverna, kav-ur'nah (cavern). Cavity, as in the 
lungs; female organs of generation. See Cavum, 
Cavity, and Vulva. 
Cavernse (pl. of Caverna) dentium, kav-ur'ne den'- 
she-um. See Alveoli. C. fron'tis, frontal sinuses. 
Cavernitis, kav-urn-e'tis. Inflammation of corpora 
cavernosa penis. 
Cavernous, kav'ur-nus. Having small cavities or 
caverns; relating to a cavity or to the cavernous 
bodies of the penis; hollow (as to sound heard on 
auscultation). C. angio'ma, angioma cavernosum. 
C. ar'tery, artery of corpus cavernosum. C. bod'ies, 
corpora cavernosa; kind of cylindrical sac composed 
of cells; separated through its ■whole extent by a 
vertical, incomplete septum, and forming nearly two- 
thirds of the penis. The corpus cavernosum on each 
side arises from the ascending portion of the ischium, 
and terminates obtusely behind the glans. C. bod'ies 
of the clit'orls, two hollow crura, forming the clit- 
oris. C. bod'y of the vagi'na, substance composed 
of blood-vessels and cells, similar to those of the 
penis and clitoris, covering the outer extremity of 
the vagina on each side ; it contracts the entrance to 
the vagina during coition; see Bulbus vestibuli. C. 
breath'ing, C. respiration. C. gan'glion, see Carotid 
or Carotic nerve. C. groove, carotid groove. C. lymph 
tu'rnor, lymphangioma. C. nerves, nerves from pros- 
tatic plexus to corpora cavernosa. C. plex'us, plexus 
of sympathetic nerves in carotid groove; plexus of 
nerves on membranous urethra. C. rale, C. rhonchus. 
C. respira'tion; when a cavity exists in the lungs, 
and one or more ramifications of the bronchia ter- 
minate in it, a loud tubal noise is emitted, provided 
the cavity be not filled with fluid, called cavernous 
respiration; the cough is also cavernous. When the 
capacity of the cavern is great, the sound of respi- 
ration is like that produced by blowing into a de- 
canter, with the mouth at a little distance from the 
neck-amphoric respiration {amphora, a flask). The 
veiled puff is a modification of cavernous respiration, 
in which, according to Laennec, a sort of movable 
veil interposed between the excavation and the ear 
seems to be agitated to and fro. C. rhon'chus, see 
Cavernous respiration and Gurgling. C. si'nus, venous 
cavity of the dura mater, filled with a multitude of 
reddish, soft filaments, intersecting each other, and, 
as it were, reticulated. The anterior extremity of 
each cavernous sinus has been named ophthalmic 
sinus. C. tex'ture or tis'sue, spongy substance form- 
ing greater part of penis and clitoris. It consists of 
a complicated lacework of arteries and veins and 
nervous filaments, with small fibrous plates from the 
tunica fibrosa or albuginea, forming by decussation 
numerous cells communicating with each other. This 
spongy texture produces erection by dilating and 
swelling on influx of blood. C. tu'mors, see Tu- 
mors, cavernous. C. voice, sound of voice from chest 
on auscultation; pectoriloquy. C. whis'per, blowing CAVERNULOUS 
sound heard over cavities when words are whis- 
pered. 
Cavernulous (dim. of Cavernous) rhonchus, kav- 
urn'u-lus rhon'kus. See Gurgling. 
Cavlale (kav-e-al'e), Caviare (kav-e-ar'e), or Cav- 
iar'. Culinary preparation made on shores of Black 
and Caspian Seas, chiefly from roe of sturgeon, mixed 
with salt and other condiments. Also used as substi- 
tute for cod-liver oil. 
Cavicula (kav-ik'u-lah) or Cavil'la (cams, hollow). 
Ankle or space between malleoli; cuneiform bone; 
astragalus. 
Cavitaria, kav-it-ar'e-ah. See Entozoa. 
Cavitas, kav'it-as (cavus, hollow). Cavity. C. an- 
tro'sa au'ris, tympanum. C. arachnoida'lis, sub- 
arachnoid or subdural space. C. bucca'lis, cavity of 
mouth. C. buccina'ta, cochlea. C. cochlea'ta, coch- 
lea. C. con'chse, inner hollowed part of concha. C. 
cotyloi'dea, acetabulum. C. den'tis, pulp-cavity. C. 
digita'ta ventric'uli latera'lis, cornu posterius ven- 
triculi lateralis. C. ellip'tica, dilatation at one end 
of semicircular canals of the ear. C. glenoi'dea, 
glenoid cavity. C. hemisphser'ica, see Crista vestib- 
uli. C. hu'meri glenoi'des, glenoid cavity of scap- 
ula. C. innomina'ta, navicular fossa. C. intermal- 
leola'ris, glenoid cavity of tibia. C. labyrin'thi, see 
Labyrinth. C. na'rium, nares. C. oc'uli, orbit. C. 
orbicula'ris, see Crista vestibuli. C. o'ris, mouth. C. 
ova'lis, see Crista vestibuli. C. pri'ma or quin'ta, 
fifth ventricle. C. pul'pse, see Tooth. C. rhomboi- 
da'lis, fourth ventricle. C. rotun'da, see Crista ves- 
tibuli. C. semiluna'ris, sigmoid fossa. C. semiova'- 
lis, see Crista vestibuli. C. sigmoi'dea, sigmoid fossa. 
C. subrotun'da, see Crista vestibuli. C. Syl'vii, fifth 
ventricle. C. tym'pani or tympan'ica, tympanic 
cavity. C. Valsal'vse, mastoid cavity. C. Vieus- 
sen'ii, fifth ventricle. 
Cavitates (pl. of Cavitas) cerebri, kav-it-ah'tes 
ser'e-bre. Ventricles of the brain. C. du'rae ma'- 
tris, sinuses of dura mater. C. innomina'tae, auricles 
of the heart. C. interscapula'res, see Interscapu- 
laris. C. nasa'les or na'rium, nasal fossae. 
Cavities (kav'it-ees), ae'rial. Air-cells. C., cer'- 
ebral, ventricles of the brain. C., closed, serous sacs. 
C., fron'tal, frontal sinuses. C., na'sal, cavities of the 
nose. C. of reserve', cavities under the deciduous 
teeth, in which permanent teeth afterward appear. 
C., res'piratory, minute terminations of smallest 
bronchial tubes. C., splanch'nic, those containing 
viscera; they are three in number, cranium, chest, 
and abdomen. 
Cavity, kav'it-e. Hollow of anything, as of cra- 
nium, mouth, nasal fossae, etc. C., an'cyroid, poste- 
rior cornu of lateral ventricle. C., arach'noid, sub- 
dural space. C. of Aran'tius, ventricle of Arantius 
or of Aranzi. C., aud'itory, C. of tympanum. C., 
cleav'age, blastocele. C., cot'yloid, acetabulum. C., 
decid'ual, C. between decidua vera and d. reflexa in 
early foetal life. C., den'tal, pulp-cavity. C., dig'ital, 
C., ancyroid. C., epiplo'ic, omental bursa. C., glen'- 
oid, see Glenoid. C., gut'tural, C. of pharynx. C., 
mar'row or med'ullary, C. in bone in which mar- 
row is contained. C., neu'ral, spinal canal; neural 
canal. C., o'ral, C. of mouth. C., or'bital, orbit. 
C., pel'vic, portion of c. of abdoinen situated below 
level of linea ileo-pectinea and promontory of sacrum. 
C., pericar'dial, hollow space between the pericar- 
dium and the heart. C., perienter'ic, coeloma. C., 
peritone'al, space between layers of peritoneum; 
see Peritoneum. C., pleu'ral, C. between layers of 
pleura. C., pul'mona'ry, C. formed by morbid pro- 
cess, chiefly tuberculous, in the tissue of the lungs. 
C., pulp, C. in a tooth in which dental pulp is found. 
C., sig'moid, see Sigmoid. C., thora'cic, see Thorax. 
C., tympan'ic, tympanum. C., vas'cular, pulp-cavity. 
C., ven'tral, C. of abdomen. C., ventric'ular, cav- 
ity of ventricle of the brain, v. of the heart, or v. of 
the larynx. 
Cav'o-val'gus. Cavus and valgus united in the 
same individual. 
Cavum, kav'um. Cavity. C. abdom'inis, cavity 
205 
CEDROSTIS 
of abdomen. C. arachnoidea'le or arachnoi'deum, 
subdural space. C. bucca'le, cavity of mouth. C. 
cervi'cis u'teri, cervical canal. C. coch'lese, cavity 
of cochlea. C. cra'nli, cavity formed by proper bones 
of cranium. C. den'tis, see Tooth. C. Douglas'ii, 
Douglas's pouch. C. endolymphat'icum, cavity of 
membranous labyrinth. C. fau'cium, isthmus of 
fauces. C. laryn'gis, cavity of larynx. C. mastoi'dei, 
mastoid cavity. C. Meckel'ii, space between layers 
of dura mater in which is the Gasserian ganglion. C. 
mediasti'ni or mediastina'le, see Mediastinum. C. 
medulla're, medullary canal. C. na'rium or na'si, 
nares, nasal fossae. C. o'ris, mouth. C. pericard'ii, 
see Pericardium. C. perilymphat'icum, cavity be- 
tween membranous and osseous labyrinths. C. pha- 
ryn'go-larynge'um, part of cavity of the pharynx 
nearest the larynx. C. pharyn'go-nasa'le, portion of 
the pharynx nearest the nose. C. pharyn'go-ora'le, 
continuous space of mouth and pharynx. C. pul'- 
pse, pulp-cavity of a tooth. C. Retz'ii, loose areolar 
space in subperitoneal tissue of anterior wall of ab- 
domen. C. thora'cis, see Thorax. C. tym'pani, tym- 
panum. C. u'tero-recta'le, recto-uterine fossa. C. 
u'tero-vesica'le, utero-vesical fossa. 
Cavus, kav'us. Talipes arcuatus. 
Cayapona globulosa, ky-ap-o'nah glob-u-lo'sah. 
Plant of Brazil, used as a purgative; active principle, 
cayaponin, is a prompt purgative in dose of gr. 
Cayenne' pep'per. Capsicum. 
Cayuput, ky'u-put. Cajuput. 
Caz'enave's lu'pus. Lupus erythematosus. 
Ceanothus, se-an-o'thus. Cirsium arvense. C. 
America'nus, celastrus. C. reclina'tus, Columbrina 
reclinata; alkaloid derived from it is called ceanothine. 
C. triner'vis, celastrus. 
Ceasma, se-az'mah. Fissure; fragment. 
Cebadilla, seb-ad-il'lah. Sabadillla. 
Cebipi'ra. Brazilian tree, whose bitter and astrin- 
gent bark is used in antirheumatic baths and fomen- 
tations. 
Cebocephalus, se-bo-sef'al-us (fce&os, ape, kephale, 
head). Monster in which the nose does not project 
and interocular region is narrow and plane, giving the 
physiognomy a striking resemblance to that of the 
ape. 
Cecis, se'sis. Gall-nut; see Quercus infectoria. 
Cecity, se'sit-e. Blindness. 
Cecro'pia pelta'ta. Tree of S. America, bark of 
which is astringent and mucilaginous in diarrhoea, 
ulcers, etc. 
Cecutiency, se-ku'te-en-se (keutho, to conceal). In- 
cipient obscurity of vision. 
Cedar (se'dar) of Leb'anon. Cedrus Libanotica. C., 
red, Juniperus Virginiana. C., white, Cupressus 
thyroides. 
Cedeia, sed-i'ah (kedeuo, to attend to a dead body). 
Embalming. 
Cedma, sed'mah. Aneurism; varix; bubo; rheu- 
matic pain of the joints, especially of the hips, groin, 
or genital organs. 
Cedrela febrifuga, sed-re'lah feb-rif 'u-gah (kedros, 
cedar). See Swietenia febrifuga. C. odora'ata, Bar- 
badoes bastard cedar; Jamaica cedar ; bark and wood 
are antiperiodic. C. rosmari'nus, tree of Cochin 
China; flowers are nervine and diuretic, and em- 
ployed in headache, catarrh, rheumatism, etc. C. 
Too'na, Indian mahogony, white cedar; bark is 
astringent, and used also in same cases as cinchona. 
Credreleum, sed-rel-e'um (fedros, cedar, elaion, oil). 
Oil of cedar. 
Cedria (sed're-ah) or Cedreum, sed're-um. Oil of 
resin which flows from cedar of Lebanon, identical 
with oil of cedar; see Pinus sylvestris. 
Ced'rin. Bitter principle derived from Simaba 
cedron. 
Ced'ron. See Simaba cedron. 
Cedronella, sed-ron-el'lah. Melissa. C. Mexica'- 
na, Mexican plant, flowering tops of which are used 
in place of melissa. C. triphylTa, Dracocephalum 
Canariense. 
Cedrostis, sed-ros'tis. Bryonia alba. CEDRUS 
Cedrus baccifera, sed'rus bak-sif'er-ah. Juniperus 
lycia; Juniperus sabina. C. Libanot'ica, cedar of 
Lebanon, from which a variety of manna is obtained. 
C. mahog'ani, Swietenia mahogani. 
Ceke, the-ke. Elephantiasis of the scrotum (Fiji 
term). 
Celandine, sel'an-deen. Impatiens. Chelidonium. 
C., com'mon, Chelidonium majus. C., less'er, Ranun- 
culus ficaria. C. pop'py, Stylophorum diphyllum. 
Celastrine, sel-as'treen. Alkaloid obtained from 
Celastrus edulis, possessing properties resembling 
cocaine. 
Celastrus, sel-as'trus. New Jersey tea, red root. 
Used like lobelia in syphilis ; also in splenic enlarge- 
ment. It is bitter and astringent; strong infusion 
of dried leaves and seeds is used in aphthae, and as a 
gargle in scarlatina. C. panicula'tus, shrub of In- 
dia and S. America; oil of the seeds is tonic, stim- 
ulant, and diaphoretic, but chiefly a veterinary 
medicine. C. scan'dens, Climbing staff tree, Climbing 
bitter-sweet, wax-work ; American shrub, bark of which 
is emetic, diaphoretic, and narcotic. 
Gelation, se-la'shun (ceZo, to conceal). Conceal- 
ment of pregnancy or delivery. 
Celatomy, se-lat'om-e. Celotomy. 
Cele, se'le {Eng. pron. seel) (fceZe, tumor, protrusion, 
or rupture). Common suffix, as in hydrocele, bubono- 
cele, etc. See Hernia. 
Celery, sel'er-e. Apium graveolens. C. pine, 
Phyllocladus trichomanoides. C. water, Ranunculus 
sceleratus. C., wild, Bubon galbanum. 
Cele'ta or Celetes, sel-e'tes. See Hernial. 
Ce'lioscope. Coeloscope. 
Celis, se'lis (kelis, spot, stain). Macula or spot on 
the skin. See Kelis. 
Cell. Elementary structure of which organic sub- 
stances are formed, or from which they are developed. 
Small cavity; same signification as cellule. The 
whole organized body may be regarded as a con- 
geries of cells having different endowments, each 
set being concerned in special acts connected with 
absorption, nutrition, and secretion wherever action 
of selection or elaboration has to be effected. Cells 
are termed primary, elementary, or primordial. 
When they give rise to other cells, they are termed 
parent or mother cells, the resulting cells being termed 
daughter cells. See Cytoblast and Cytogeny. Element 
of galvanic battery. See Galvanism. C., ad'ipose, see 
Fatty vesicles. C., air, see Air-cells. C., albu'minous, 
cell containing albumin, but not mucus. C., alve'- 
olar, C. in wall of acinus of a gland. C., amoe'boid, 
cell capable of changing shape like an amoeba; 
wandering cell. C., apoTar, nerve-cell; devoid of 
poles or processes, particularly of sympathetic system. 
C., apoplec'tic, see Apoplectic. C., ba'sal or bas'- 
ilar, layer of i these cells constitutes deepest layer 
of epithelium. C., beak'er, goblet-shaped cell ob- 
served on mucus-secreting surfaces. C., bipoTar, 
nerve-cell with two poles or processes. C., blood, 
blood-corpuscle. C. body, mass of a cell. C., bone, 
cell in lacuna of bone. C., bron'chic, cellule, bron- 
chic. C., bud'ding, gemmation; cytogenesis. C., 
Bun'sen's, see Bunsen. C., calcig'erous, see Tooth. 
C., calTciform, C., beaker. C., can'cer, round cell, 
with large nucleus, observed in some forms of cancer, 
but not diagnostic of it; see Cancer-cell. C., car'rier, 
wandering cell; phagocyte. C., car'tilage, nucleated 
cell of cartilage, often containing glycogen and fatty 
matter. C., cilTated, see Cilia. C., colum'nar, cyl- 
indrical cell, as in small intestine. C., connective- 
tissue, connective-tissue corpuscle. C. of Cor'ti, exter- 
nal hair-cells of organ of Corti. C. cov'er, operculum. 
C., Daniell's, see Daniell's and Galvanism. C., daugh- 
ter, see CeZZ. C., Dei'ter's, small cells in the cochlea. C. 
development or formation, cytogeny. C., denti'nal, 
see Tooth. C. di vis Ton, formation of new or daugh- 
ter cells by separation of mother cells; see Caryo- 
cinesis. C. doc'trine, doctrine or theory of formation 
of cells and of tissues from cells. C., elemen'tary, 
see Cell. C., embryon'ic, cells from which embryonic 
organs and tissues are developed, or which in the 
206 
CELLS 
adult resemble cells of the embryo. C., endogenous, 
development cells within mother cells. C., endothe'- 
lial, pavement corpuscle of the blood-vessels, the 
pleura, and peritoneum. C., epider'mic or epithe'- 
lial, cells or corpuscles that cover free membranous 
surfaces of body, and form epidermis and epi- 
thelium. They are developed from germs furnished 
by subjacent membrane. C., epithelial, cell, epider- 
mic. C., ethmoid'al, see Ethmoid. C., exuda'tion, 
see Corpuscles, exudation. C., fat, see Fatty vesicles. 
C., fibre, cells forming minute connective-tissue fibres. 
C., floor, auditory cells in organ of Corti. C. force, 
plastic or formative force seated in a cell, by agency 
of which different tissues are developed; see Cell life. 
C. formation, cytogeny. C., galvan'ic, see Cell and 
Galvanism. C. gen'esis, cytogeny. C., germ, cytoblast; 
see Molecule. C., germ'inal, see Cytoblast. C., gi'ant, 
see Giant. C., gob'let-shaped, C., beaker. C., hep- 
at'ic, C., liver. C. life, life possessed by separate 
cells that form tissues, and by which nutrition of the 
tissues is presumed to be effected. C. of liv'er, cells 
constituting glandular structure and lobules of liver. 
C., lym'phoid, cell having amoeboid movement. C., 
mas'toid, cells in interior of mastoid process. C. 
mem'brane, capsule or tissue surrounding a cell; 
membrane forming wall of capillary vessels. C., 
mother, see Cell. C., motor, motor cellule; cell 
whence nerve-power sets out to be distributed to 
muscular fibre. C., mu'cous, cells having mucus in 
their interior, or engaged in its secretion. C. mul- 
tiplication, cytogenesis. C., mus'cular, contractile 
cell of muscular fibre. C., nerve, nerve-corpuscle or 
vesicle; cell characteristic of nervous substance. C., 
neu'ro-mus'cular, lower forms of cell life, having 
partly nervous and partly muscular qualities. C., 
nucleated, see Cytoblast. C., olfactory, olfactory 
epithelium, cell of Schultze. Sensory cell of olfactory 
organs, fusiform in shape. C., os'seous, lacuna of 
bone. C., patent, see Cell. C., pig'ment, pigment- 
cells mingled with epidermic cells, most manifest 
in the colored races, and best seen on inner sur- 
face of choroid of the eye, where they form pig- 
mentum nigrum. C., pri'mary, see Cell. C., pri- 
mor'dial, see Cell. C. pro'cess, prolongation of 
cell-substance. C. proliferation, cytogenesis. C. 
protoplasm, protoplasm. C. of Purkinje, cells 
forming fibres of Purkinje in the heart; spindle- 
shaped nerve-cells forming a layer between the 
outer and nuclear layer of the cortex of cere- 
bellum. C., pyram'idal, nerve-cells found in the 
cortex of all regions of the cerebellum. C. sap, 
protoplasm. C. of Schultze, olfactory cells. C., sperm, 
see Sperm. C., squa'mous, pavement cell. C. stro'ma, 
matrix of cell. C. territory, according to Virchow, 
district of intercellular substance ruled over by cell 
lying in middle of it, and exercising influence on 
neighboring parts. C. the'ory, cell doctrine. C. 
wall, see Cell and Cytoblast. C., wandering, see Wan- 
dering and Amoeboid. 
Celia, sel'lah. Cell. C. frigida'ria, Roman bath. 
C. latera'lis, lateral ventricle of brain. C. me'dia, 
middle cornu of lateral ventricle of brain. C. tur'- 
cica, sella turcica. 
Cellseform, sel'le-form. Having shape of a cell; 
cytoid. 
Celliferous, sel-lif'er-us (cella, fero, to carry). Cell- 
bearing or producing. 
Celloid, sel'loid. Resembling a cell or cellule. 
Cells, amoeboid, am-e'boid. See Amoeboid. C., 
bron'chic, cellules, bronchic. C. of Clau'dius, see 
Corti. C., colos'sal, many-nucleated masses of proto- 
plasm in bone-cavities; see Myeloplaxes. C. of Die'- 
ters, see Corti. C. eat'ing, see Phagocytes. C., gi'ant, 
Myeloplaxes. C., gus'tatory, see Cells, olfactory. C., 
mi'gratory, see Amoeboid. C., olfac'tory, fusiform 
nucleated cells in the nasal mucous membrane, termi- 
nating in form of a long stiff hair or of several finer 
hairs-olfactory hairs. C. of Purkinje, large cells be- 
tween nuclear and molecular layers of gray matter 
of the cerebellum. C., vi'bratile, see Cilia. C., wan'- 
dering, see Amoeboid. CELLULA 
Cellula, sel'lu-lah (dim. of Celia). Cellule. C. 
germinati'va, germinal vesicle. C. lactife'ra, acinus 
of mammary gland. C. pulmo'nea, air-cell and al- 
veolus. 
Cel'lulae (pl. of Cellula). Cells. C. ae'rese, air- 
cells; cellules, bronchic. C. bipola'res, bipolar cells. 
C. bron'chicse, air-cells; cellules, bronchic. C. co'li, 
cells, pouches, or saccules of colon. C. Malpighi- 
a'nae, air-cells. C. Malpig'hii or Malpighia'nae, cell- 
ules, bronchic. C. mastoi'dese, mastoid cells. C. 
medulla'res, areolae opening into medullary cavities 
of bones. C. orbita'rise, lacrymal cells. C. pulmo- 
na'les, air-cells; cellules, bronchic; see Pulmo. C. 
san'guinis, blood-corpuscles. C. tympan'icee, alveoli 
in floor of tympanum. 
Cellular, sel'u-lar. Eelating to or composed of cells 
or cellules. C. mem'brane, membrane formed of cell- 
ular or areolar tissue; generally used for the tissue 
itself. C. pathol'ogy, doctrine of cell-agency in 
causation of disease. C. system, whole areolar tis- 
sue of human body. C. tis'sue, generally called con- 
nective tissue. Eecticulated, filamentous, laminated, 
cribriform, porous, areolar, connective, conjunctive, 
and mucous tissue; reticular or cellular substance. 
Most common organic tissue. It contains irregular 
areolae-not cells, therefore more properly called 
areolar tissue--between the fibres, as well as serum, 
fat, and adipous tissue. Of the fibres, some are of 
yellow elastic, but the greater part are of white fibrous 
tissue, and frequently present form of broad flat bands, 
without distinct fibrous arrangement. See Fibrous. 
Cellular tissue or texture unites every part of the body, 
determines its shape, and by its elasticity and con- 
tractility, and by fluid contained in its areolae, facili- 
tates motion of parts on each other. It has been di- 
vided by anatomists into external, general, or common 
cellular tissue, which does not penetrate organs ; cell- 
ular texture forming envelopes of organs; and that 
which penetrates into organs, accompanying and en- 
veloping all their parts, constituting the basis of all 
the organs. C. tis'sue of bones, see Cancelli. 
Cellulated, sel'u-la-ted. Containing or made up 
of small cells. 
Cellule, sel'ule (dim. of Celia). Small cell or cav- 
ity. Cellules are small cavities between laminae of 
cellular tissue, corpora cavernosa, etc. 
Cellules (sel'ules) or Cells, bron'chic. Air-cells of 
the lungs. See Pulmo. 
Cellulin, sel'u-lin. Cellulose. 
Cellulitis, sel-u-le'tis. Inflammation of cellular or 
areolar tissue. C. or'bitae, inflammation of cellular 
tissue of orbit. C., parauterine, parametritis. C., 
pel'vic, parametritis. C., periuterine, parametritis. 
C. venenata, inflammation from dissection wound, 
or from absorption of any animal poison ; see Wound. 
Cellulo-flbrous (sel-u-lo-fi'brus) tumor. Tumor, 
fibro-cellular. 
Celluloid, sel'u-loid. Artificial substance made 
from cellulose or gun-cotton and camphor, condensed. 
Cellulosa, sel-u-lo'sah. Cellular tissue. 
Cellulose, sel'u-loze. Substance forming cell-walls 
and tissues of plants. Cellulin forms almost entire 
portion of woody fibre, linen and cotton fibre. When 
acids are added to it, and camphor is added to the 
precipitate, and the mass compressed, celluloid is 
formed. Cellulose is left after action on vegetable 
tissue of solvents fitted to dissolve out matter deposited 
in its cavities and interstices. It exists in the corpora 
amylacea of the brain and othei' parts. It is identical 
with starch in the proportion of its constituents, and 
forms the principal part of the thickness of walls of 
cells, vessels, etc. of which vegetable organism is com- 
posed. C. degeneration, see Lardaceous. 
Cellulosity, sel-u-los'it-e. Condition of having small 
cells or spaces. 
Cellulosus (sei - u - lo' sus) or Cellulous, sel'u-lus. 
Cellular. 
Celo, se'lo (fceZe, rupture). lu composition, rupture. 
Celocolica, sel-o-kol'ik-ah (Icele, hernia). Colic pro- 
duced by strangulated hernia. 
Celo 'des or Celoi'des. Keloid. 
207 
CENTAUREA 
Celology, sel-ol'o-je (ceZo, logos, discourse). Doctrine 
or description of hernia; treatise on hernia. 
Celoma, sel-o'mah. Coeloma. 
Celosia arvensis, sel-o'ze-ah ar-ven'sis. African 
plant; seeds are anthelmintic. C. irig'yna, plant of 
Africa; leaves are astringent. C. nit'ida, plant of W. 
Indies; seeds and flowers are astringent. 
Celosomus, sel-o-so'mus {celo, soma, body). Monster 
in which the trunk is malformed and eventration or 
displacement of viscera exists. 
Celotome, sel'o-tome {celo, tome, incision). Knife for 
operation on hernia. 
Celotomus, sel-ot'om-us. Knife used in operation 
for hernia. Adjectively, relating to celotomy. 
Celotomy, sel-ot'o-me {celo, tome, incision). Kelot- 
omy; operation for radical cure of inguinal hernia. 
Operation for hernia in general-herniotomy. 
Cel'sia Coromandelia'na. Bengalese plant; seda- 
tive and astringent. 
Celsus (sel'sus), methzod of. See Lithotomy. 
Celtis (sel'tis) australis. Nettle-tree; European 
tree; branches are astringent. C. obli'qua or occi- 
denta'lis, Sugarberry, Hackberry, American nettletree, 
Beaverwood ; indigenous; bark is anodyne and cool- 
ing ; berries are sweet and astringent; used in dysen- 
tery. C. orientalis, Asiatic tree, having aromatic 
root and bark. C. tala, plant of S. America; leaves 
are expectorant. 
Cement, se-ment'. Glutinous substance introduced 
into a carious tooth to prevent access of air or other 
extraneous matters. Layer of bone covering neck 
and root of tooth; see Lute and Tooth. 
Cementoblasts, se-men'to-blasts {cementum, blastos, 
bud or cell). Cement-forming cells. 
Cementum, se-men'tum. Cement. 
Cemos, se'mos {kemos, muzzle). Capistrum; Hed- 
era helix. 
Censesthesis sen-es'tha-sis. Ccenasthesis. 
Ceneangia (sen-e-an-je'ah) or Cenangl'a {kenos, 
empty, angeion, vessel). Inanition. Empty state of 
vessels. 
Cenembatesis, sen-em-bat-a'sis {kenos, empty, em- 
baino, to enter). Paracentesis. Act of probing wound 
or cavity. 
Ceneones, sen-e-o'nes {keneon, empty space). 
Flanks. 
Cenogenesls (sen-o-jen'es-is) or Cenog'eny {kenos, 
empty, genesis, generation). False development, not 
in accordance with the evolution of species or ances- 
tral type. 
Cenosiophthisis, sen-os-e-o-te'sis {kenosis, evacua- 
tion, phthisis, wasting). Wasting from excessive 
evacuations or discharges. 
Cenosis, sen-o'sis {kenoo, to empty). Evacuation. 
Inanition. Opposed to repletion. 
Cenospudia, sen-os-pu'de-ah {kenos, empty, spoude, 
application). Brown study or listless musing. 
Cenotic, sen-ot'ik {kenoo, to empty). Drastic; 
evacuant. 
Cenotica, sen-o'tik-ah. Diseases affecting fluids. 
Morbid discharges, or excess, deficiency, or irregular- 
ity of such as are natural; drastics. 
Centaurea (sen-taw're-ah) behen (after the centaur 
Chiron). Behen album, Been, White behen; astringent. 
C. benedic'ta, Blessed holy thistle, Virgin Mary thistle; 
strong decoction is emetic; strong infusion diapho- 
retic; light infusion tonic and stomachic. C. calci- 
tra'pa, Calcitrapa, Common star-thistle, Star knapweed; 
tonic given in intermittents, dyspepsia, etc. C. cen- 
tau'rium, Greater centaury of S. Europe; root is 
bitter, tonic, and astringent. C. cy'anus, Corn flower, 
Blue bottle or bonnets ; plant of Europe and U. States; 
juice is used for collyria; flowers were once much 
used as cordial, tonic, etc. in ophthalmia. C. ja'cea, 
species growing in Asia and Europe, bitter astringent, 
root of which is diuretic and also used in gargles. C. 
ni'gra, Black centaury or knapweed, Bell wood, Button 
weed; properties similar to C. jacea. C. sic'ula or 
solstitia'lis, St. Barnaby thistle, Yellow-flowered cen- 
taury ; flowers are bitter and antiperiodic; root is 
diuretic. C. stella'ta, Centaurea calcitrapa. CENTAUREUM 
Centaureum (sen-taw're-um) or Centau'ris. Chi- 
ronia centaurium. 
Centau'rin. Bitter principle from Erythrcea cen- 
taurium. 
Centaurium magnum, sen - taw' re - um mag' num. 
Centaurea centaurium. C. mi'nus vulga're, Chironia 
centaurium. C. offlcina'le, Centaurea centaurium. 
C. par'vum, Chironia centaurium. 
Centaury, American, sen'taw-re, a-mer'i-kan. Chi- 
ronia angularis; Sabbatia angularis. C., Australian, 
Erythrcea Australis. C., Europe'an, Chironia cen- 
taurium. C., great'er, Centaurea centaurium. C., 
les'ser, Chironia centaurium. 
Centenarian, sen-te-na're-an. One who has attained 
a hundred years. 
Centesis, sen-ta'sis (kenteo, to perforate). Paracen- 
tesis, puncture. 
Centi, sen'te (centum, a hundred). In composition, 
a hundred. 
Centigrade, sen'te-grade (centum, a hundred, gradus, 
degree). Thermometer having 100 degrees between 
freezing and boiling points of water (0°-100°); see 
Thermometer. 
Centigramme, sen'te-gram (F.) (centi, gramma, 
gramme). Hundredth part of gramme, equal to 
about the fifth part of a French grain, .1543 Troy 
grain; see Weights and Measures. 
Centilitre, sen'te-le-tur (centi, litra, litre). Ancient 
Greek measure for liquids; hundredth part of a 
litre-.61028 English cubic inch, equal to nearly 
2.7053 fluidrachms; see Weights and Measures. 
Centimetre, sen'te-me-tur. Hundredth part of a 
metre-equal to about four lines, .3937 English inch; 
see Weights and Measures. 
Centimorbia, sen-te-mor'be-ah (centi, morbus, dis- 
ease). Lysimachia nummularia. 
Centinervia, sen-te-nur've-ah (centi, nervus, nerve). 
Plantago major. 
Centinodia, sen-te-no'de-ah (centi, nodus, knot). 
Polygonum aviculare. 
Cento virginalis, sen'to vir-jin-al'is (virginal tent 
covering). Hymen. 
Centrad, sen'trad. See Central aspect. 
Centradiaphanes, sen - trah - de - af' an - es (kentron, 
centre, a, priv., diaphanes, transparent). Cataract 
owing to obscurity of central portion of the crystal- 
line ; central cataract. 
Central, [sen'tral. Relating to centre of body or 
body of a vertebra. C. ar'teries of brain, branches 
to central ganglia from circle of Willis. C. ar'tery of 
ret'ina, central artery of Zinn; artery given off from 
ophthalmic artery, penetrating optic nerve a little 
behind ball of eye, running in axis of nerve, and spread- 
ing out into many small branches upon inside of retina. 
When the nerve is cut across near the eye, the orifice 
of the divided artery is observable. Formerly called 
porus opticus. C. as'pect, aspect toward centre of an 
organ; centrad is used adverbially to signify toward 
central aspect. C. canal', medullary canal; space in 
optic nerve for central artery and vein of retina: 
canal in modiolus for branch of cochlear nerve. C. 
convolutions, convolutions of brain separated by 
central sulcus. C. fis'sure, central sulcus. C. lig'- 
ament, filum terminale. C. lobe, insula cerebri. 
C. lob'ule, small lobule of superior vermiform process 
of cerebellum in incisura anterior. C. myelitis, in- 
flammation of central matter of spinal cord. C. 
ner'vous system, the whole brain and spinal cord. 
C. point of perine'um, point of intersection of ten- 
dons in front of the anus. C. sul'cus, fissure separat- 
ing frontal and parietal lobes of cerebrum. C. ten'- 
don of di'aphragm, see Diaphragm. 
Centrale, sen-tral'e. Bony element in embryonic 
carpus or tarsus, becoming afterward tubercle of 
scaphoid carpal bone and navicular tarsal bone. 
Centre, sen'tr. Middle point of a figure or body; 
centre of physiological activity, as nerve-centre. See 
Localisation. C., accel'erating, hypothetical centre 
in medulla oblongata, producing acceleration of pul- 
sation of the heart. C., acous'tic, sensory centre of 
auditory nerve in back part of the superior temporal 
208 
CENTRE 
convolution. C. of action, viscus in which a func- 
tion is executed, and to which several other organs 
contribute; as the stomach during chymification, duo- 
denum during chylification, or uterus during gesta- 
tion. C., azno-spiznal, nervous centre seated at fifth, 
sixth, and seventh lumbar vertebrae, controlling 
defecation, when communication with the cerebrum 
is intact. 0., azno-veszical, centre in spinal cord, 
near origin of third and fourth sacral nerves, regu- 
lating sphincters of rectum and bladder. C., arrest' 
of the heart, see C., cardio-inhibitory. C., aud'itory, 
point in brain-probably in the temporo-sphenoidal 
lobes-to which auditory impressions are conveyed; 
acoustic centre. 0., Broca's, see Broca. C., Budge's, 
C., genito-spinal. 0., car'diac, portion of medulla 
oblongata increasing or diminishing action of heart; 
inferior cervical and superior dorsal regions of spinal 
cord, which exert excito-motory action on the heart. 
C., carzdio-accelzeratory, C., accelerating. C., carz- 
dio-inhibzitory, centre in medulla, producing slow- 
ness of pulsation of the heart. C., cer'ebro-spi'nal, 
cerebro-spinal axis. C., cil'io-spi'nal, nervous centre 
in lower part of cervical portion of spinal cord, con- 
nected with dilatation of the pupil. C., colzor, C. for 
perception of color in the occipital cortex. C., con- 
vulsion, C. in floor of fourth ventricle, stimulation 
of which produces spasm. C., co-ord'inating, part 
of nervous system supposed to regulate and control 
co-ordination, as cerebellum, cerebral ganglia, and 
gray matter of spinal cord. 0., cor'tical, regions of 
cortex of brain to which special functions have been 
ascribed. C., cough'ing, nervous centre connected 
with coughing, in the medulla above the respiratory 
centre. C., defecation, C., ano-vesical. C., deglu- 
ti'tion, C., swallowing. C., ejacula'tion or ejaczula- 
tory, nervous centre, about fourth lumbar vertebra, 
controlling ejaculation of semen. C., epigas'tric, 
ganglions and nervous plexuses formed by great sym- 
pathetic and pneumogastric nerves in the epigas- 
trium, around cceliac artery; solar plexus. C., erecz- 
tion, nervous centre in spinal cord-genito-spinal 
centre-under influence of the medulla. C. of fluxz- 
ion, part toward which fluids are particularly at- 
tracted ; as an irritated organ. C., gen'ito-spi'nal, 
see Genito-spinal. C., gen'ito - u'rinary, centre in 
lumbar region in spinal cord controlling genito- 
urinary apparatus. C., gus'tatory, centre in brain 
for taste, in uncinate gyrus. C., inhib'itory, C., mod- 
erator. C., in'spiratory, several centres are de- 
scribed, being in optic thalamus, corpora quadrigem- 
ina, and medulla oblongata. C., mastica'tion, C. in 
medulla, presiding over mastication. C., med'ullary, 
part of embryonic nervous system afterward devel- 
oped into brain and spinal marrow. C., micturi'- 
tion, C., vesico-spinal. C., motor, convolutions about 
uppgr part of fissure of Eolando. C., ner'vous, organs 
whence the nerves originate, as brain and spinal mar- 
row. C., neu'ral, C., medullary. C., nutri'tion, C., 
trophic. C., olfac'tory, C., gustatory. C., optic, see 
Optic centre. C. of ossification, point of commencing 
ossification of bone. C., o'val, when the two hemi- 
spheres of the brain are sliced away, down to level 
with corpus callosum, the medullary part in each is 
of oval shape; hence called centrum ovale minus. 
The two centres of opposite sides, together with the 
corpus callosum, form the centrum ovale of Vieussens. 
C., parturition, reflex centre in medulla spinalis, op- 
posite first and second lumbar vertebrae, associated by 
nerves with uterine plexus. C., peristaltic, C. in 
medulla oblongata, controlling peristaltic action of 
the intestines. C., phren'ic, central aponeurosis, 
central or cordiform tendon of diaphragm. C., res'- 
piratory, region in medulla oblongata, or floor of 
fourth ventricle, for inducing and co-ordinating 
movements of respiration. C. of rotation, term used 
in ophthalmology to designate the point about which 
the eye revolves; located 14 mm. posteriorly to the 
cornea. C., sal'ivary or salivation, C. seated in the 
floor of the fourth ventricle, regulating the secretion 
of saliva. C., sen'sory, region in the brain for recep- 
tion of sensory impressions; it includes those for the CENTRIC 
special senses. C., smell, C., olfactory. C., sneez'- 
ing, C. in medulla oblongata, connected by nerves to 
expiratory muscles. C., spasm, C., convulsion. C., 
speech, centre in third left frontal convolution, con- 
trolling speech. C., swallowing, nervous centre in 
floor of fourth ventricle, controlling such action. C. 
of sympathetic irradialions, any organ which exT 
cites, sympathetically, action of other organs more or 
less distant, with which it seems to have no imme- 
diate communication. C., taste, C., gustatory. C., 
ten'dinous, of di'aphragm, centre, phrenic. C., 
trophic, centre presiding over nutrition, seated in 
gray matter of brain, spinal cord, and sympathetic 
ganglia. C., vaso-constric'tor, nervous centre pro- 
ducing contraction of blood-vessels. C., vaso-dila'- 
tor, nervous centre producing dilatation of blood- 
vessels. C., vaso-mo'tor, region of medulla oblon- 
gata and spinal cord, regulating movement of the 
smaller vessels. C., ves'ico-spi'nal, nervous centre 
in lumbar region, connected with cerebrum, con- 
trolling urination. C., vis'ual, nervous centre of 
vision, in occipital lobe. C. of vis'ual directions, 
point between the eyes from which direction of vis- 
ion is measured. C., vi'tal, respiratory centre. C., 
vomiting, C. in medulla regulating this action. 
Centric, sen'trik. Relating to a centre, as nervous 
centre. 
Centrifugal, sen-trif'u-gal (centrum, fugio, to fly 
from). Efferent; passing from a centre or nervous 
centre, as motor nerves, which are centrifugal nerves 
conveying impressions to the periphery from the 
central parts of the nervous system. 
Centripetal, sen-trip'et-al. Passing to a nervous 
centre, as afferent-or sensory fibres. 
Centrolecithal, sen-tro-les'ith-al (lekithos, yolk of 
egg). Term applied to ova in which mass of yolk is 
in the centre. 
Centromyrs'ine. Ruscus. 
Centrostaltic, sen-tro-stal'tik (stello, to send). Term 
applied to action of nervous force in the spinal centre. 
Centrosteosclerosis, sent-ros-te-o-skle-ro'sis. Ossi- 
fication in central spaces of long bones. 
Centrum, sen'trum. Centre; body of vertebra, pro- 
jection of spine. C. cer'ebro-spina'le, cerebro-spinal 
axis. C. cine'reum, posterior gray commissure. C. 
commu'ne, solar plexus. C. ner'veum, centre, 
phrenic. C. op'ticum, optic centre. C. ovale, 
centre, oval. C. ovale mi'nus, see Centre, oval. C. 
ovale of Vieus'sens, centre, oval. C. perine'i, 
central region of perineum. C. phren'icum, central 
tendon of diaphragm. C. semicircula're gem'inum, 
taenia semicircularis. C. semi-ova'le, centrum ovale 
majus. C. tendin'eum or tendino'sum, centre, phrenic. 
C. Vieussen'ii, centrum ovale majus. C. vita'le, 
term applied to medulla oblongata or to medulla 
oblongata and medulla spinalis as far as second cervi- 
cal nerve, in any part of which a wound would be 
instantly fatal. 
Centum capita, sen'turn kap'it-ah (hundred heads). 
Eryngium campestre. 
Centumnodia, sen-tum-no'de-ah (centum, hundred, 
nodus, knot). Polygonum aviculare. 
Cen'tury plant. Agave Americana. 
Cepa, se'pah (onion). Allium cepa. C. ascolon'ica 
or fis'silis, Bulbus esculentus. C. mari'na, scilla. 
C. victoria'lis, Allium victoriale. C. vulga'ris, Al- 
lium cepa. 
Cephaeline, sef-ah'el-een. Emetin. 
Cephaelis, sef-ah'el-is. Rubaceous shrub of W. 
Indies, used in respiratory affections. C. ipecacuan'- 
ha, ipecacuanha. C. musco'sa, root of this Cuban 
tree is emetic, as is that of the Jamaica shrub, C. 
punicea. 
Cephalad, sef'al-ad (kephale, head). Toward the 
head. 
Cephalsea, sef-ah-le'ah (kephale, head). Headache; 
cephalalgia; periodical, violent, or chronic headache. 
C. arthrit'ica, gouty or rheumatic headache. C. 
hemicra'nia, hemicrania. C. nauseo'sa, C. spas- 
modica. C. pulsat'ilis, pulsatile pain in the temples. 
C. sero'sa, headache from serous effusion within the 
209 
> CEPHALHYDROCELE 
cranium. C. spasmod'ica, sick headache, character- 
ized by partial spasmodic pain, often shifting from one 
part of the head to another ; chiefly commencing in 
the morning, with sickness and faintness, and ex- 
tremely apt to recur. 
Cephaleematocele, sef-al-e-mat'o-seel-e (Eng. sef- 
al-e-mat'o-seel) (kephale, head, haima, blood, kele, tu- 
mor). Effusion of blood under the scalp, from sinus 
of dura mater, through opening in cranium. 
Cephalaematoma, sef-al-e-mat-o'mah (cephale, haima, 
blood). Sanguineous tumor, sometimes developed be- 
tween pericranium and bones of the head of newborn 
children. C. du'rse ma'tris, sanguineous tumor be- 
tween dura mater and bone of skull in newborn child. 
C., inter'nal, C. durse matris. C. neonato'rum, cephal- 
hematoma ; caput succedaneum. C. ve'rum, cephal- 
aematoma. 
Cephalsemia, sef-al-e'me-ah (cephale, haima, blood). 
Hypersemia or congestion of the brain; accumulation 
of blood in vessels of the brain. 
Cephalagogus, sef-al-ag-o'gus (cephale, agogos, 
leader). Instrument for drawing down the foetal 
head; obstetrical forceps. 
Cephalagra, sef-al-ag'rah (cephale, agra, seizure). 
Pain in the head; gouty or rheumatic headache. 
Cephalagraphia, sef-al-ah-graf'e-ah (cephale, graphe, 
description). Anatomical description of the head. 
Cephalalea, sef-al-al'e-ah. Headache. 
Cephalalgia, sef-al-al'je-ah (cephale, algos, pain). 
Pain in the head, headache; generic name for every 
kind of headache, whether symptomatic or idiopathic. 
C. anse'mica, headache from anaemia, the cranial 
blood-vessels being spasmodically contracted. C. 
catamenia'lis, headache at time of menses, or from 
their suppression. C. catarrha'lis, headache from 
cold or catarrh. C. congesti'va, congestive head- 
ache. C. contagio'sa, influenza. C. gravida'rum, 
headache of pregnant women. C. inflammato'ria, 
headache of inflammations, as of phrenitis. C. neur- 
asthen'lca, headache of nervous exhaustion. C. 
periodica, intermittent headache, headache return- 
ing periodically; properly, perhaps, a form of neural- 
gia. C. puls at His, headache accompanied with pul- 
sation in the head or temples. C. rheumat'ica, rheu- 
matism affecting the frontal, occipital, or temporal 
muscles, scalp, and cranial periosteum. C. spasmod'- 
ica or stomach'lca, sick headache; see Cephalxa. 
Cephalalgic, sef-al-al'jik (same etymon). Eelating 
to cephalalgia. One affected with or subject to head- 
ache. 
Cephalal'gy. Cephalalgia. 
Cephalalogy, sef-al-al'o-je (cephale, logos, discourse). 
Anatomy of the head. 
Cephalandra Indica, sef-al-an'dra in'dik-ah. Plant 
of S. Africa and S. Asia; root and leaves are used in 
small-pox. 
Cephalanthus occidentalis, sef-al-an'thus ok-se- 
den-tal'is (cephale, anthos, flower). Buttonwood shrub, 
Buttonbush, Whiteball, Little snowball, Swampwood, Pond 
dogwood, Globeflower ; shrub growing all over U. States; 
bark of root is antiperiodic, tonic, expectorant, and 
laxative. 
Cephala'ria centauroi'des. Plant of S. Europe and 
Asia, aperient and depurative. 
Cephalartic, sef-al-ar'tik (cephale, artizo, to make 
complete). Cephalic remedy. 
Cephalatome, sef'al-a-tome. Instrument for per- 
forming cephalatomy. 
Cephalatomy (sef-al-at'o-me) or Cephalatomia, sef- 
al-at-om'e-ah (cephale, tome, incision). Anatomy, or 
dissection, or opening of the head. 
Cephale, sef'al-e. Head. 
Cephalhaematocele, sef-al-he'mat-o-seel-e (Eng. sef- 
al-he-mat'o-seel) (cephale, haima, blood, kele, rupture). 
Blood tumor of head communicating internally with 
the brain. 
Cephalhsematoma, sef-al-he-mat-o'mah. Cephalhe- 
matoma. 
Cephalhydrocele, sef-al-hi-dro-seel'e (Eng. sef-al- 
hy'dro-seel) (cephale, head, hudor, water, kele, tumor), 
Accumulation of water under the cranial fascia, CEPHALIC 
Cephal'ic. Eelating to the head; remedy for head- 
ache. C. ar'tery, common carotid artery. C. flex/- 
ure, see Flexure. C. hood, part of fold of external 
germ-layer nearest to anterior extremity of fcetus. 
0. in'dex, proportion of longitudinal to transverse di- 
ameter of the cranium, obtained by assuming former 
to be 100, and reducing the latter to this denomina- 
tion. C. nerves, nerves of the cranium. C. rem'edy, 
see Cephalic. C. tet'anus, see Tetanus. C. vein, great 
superficial vein' at outer part of arm and forearm, 
beginning on back of hand by radicles, which unite 
into a single trunk, called cephalic of the thumb. 
The name cephalic was given to it because it was 
supposed to have connection with the head, and that 
bloodletting ought to be performed from it in head 
affections. C. ver'sion, see Turning. 
Cephal'ica poTlicis. Superficial radial vein. 
Cephalic! morbi, sef-al'is-e moTbe. Brain diseases. 
Cephalidium (dim. of Cephale), sef-al-id'e-um. 
Small head. 
Cephalindex, sef-al-in'deks. Cephalic index. 
Cephaline, sef-al-e'ne. Base or root of the tongue. 
Cephaline, sef'al-een. Substance like lecithine, ob- 
tained from the brain. 
Cephalitis, sef-al-e'tis. Phrenitis; encephalitis. 
Cephality, sef-al'it-e. Undue size or preponderance 
of the head to the rest of the body. 
Cephalium, sef-al'e-um. Cephalidium. 
Cephalocele sef-al-o-seel'e (Eng. sef'al-o-seel) (ceph- 
ale, kele, rupture). Encephalocele. 
Cephalocentesis, sef-al-o-sen-ta'sis (cephale, kentesis, 
puncturing). Puncturing of the head, as for hydro- 
cephalus. 
Cephaloclasia, sef-al-o-klah'ze-ah (cephale, klasis, 
breaking). Cephalotripsy. 
Cephalocysts, sef'al-o-sists (cephale, kustis, cyst). 
Broad-worms, cestoidea, parasitic in intestines of 
various animals. 
Cephalodesmion, sef-al-o-dez'me-on (cephale, desmos, 
band). Bandage for the head. 
Cephaloductor, sef-al-o-duk'tor (cephale, ductor, 
leader). Obstetric forceps. 
Cephalodymia, sef-al-o-dim'e-ah (cephale, duo, to 
enter into). Class of double monstrosities, in which 
the heads are united; divided into two genera, fronto- 
dymia and bregmatodymia. In the former union is 
between ossa frontis; in the latter, between bregmata. 
Cephalodynia, sef-al-o-din'e-ah (cephale, odune, pain). 
Cephalalgia; epicranial rheumatism. 
Cephalcedema, sef-al-e-de'mah (cephale, oidema, 
swelling). Hydrocephalus; oedema of the head. 
Cephalo-facial index, sef-al-o-fa'she-al in'deks. Ee- 
lation of capacity of skull to combined capacity of 
orbits and nasal fossae, including cavities contiguous 
to latter. 
Cephalogenesis, sef-al-o-jen'es-is (cephale, genesis, 
generation). Generation or development of the skull 
or head. 
Cepalograph, sef'al-o-graf (cephale, grapho, to de- 
scribe). Instrument for measuring shape and pro- 
portions of the head. 
Cephalography, sef-al-og'raf-e (cephale, graphe, de- 
scription). Anatomical description of the head. Use 
of a cephalograph. 
Cephalohsemato'ma. Cephalhsematoma. 
Cephalohaemia, sef-al-o-he'me-ah. Cephalsemia. 
Cephaloheemometer, sef-al-o-he-mom'et-ur. In- 
strument for determining changes in blood-pressure 
within the cranium. 
Cephalo-humeralis, sef'a-lo-hu-mer-al'is. Muscle 
in horse corresponding to human deltoid and upper 
part of sterno-cleido-mastoid. 
Ceph'alo-hyoepiglot'ticus. Fibres of glosso-epi- 
glottic muscle arising from hyoid bone. 
Cephaloid, sef'al-oid (cephale, eidos, resemblance). 
Eesembling a head; en cephaloid. 
Cephalology, sef-al-ol'o-je (cephale, logos, discourse). 
Treatise on, or description of, the head. 
Cephaloloxia, sef-al-o-loks'e-ah (cephale, loxos, ob- 
lique). Wry-neck. 
Cephaloma, sef-al-o'mah. Encephaloid, 
210 
CEPHALOSTAT 
Cephalomelus, sef-al-om'el-us {cephale, melos, limb). 
Monster having one or two accessory limbs on the 
head. 
Cephalomeningitis, sef-al-o-men-in-je'tis {cephale, 
meninx, membrane, itis, inflammation). Inflamma- 
tion of the membranes of the brain; meningoceph- 
alitis. 
Cephalometer, sef-al-om'et-ur {cephale, metron, meas- 
ure). Instrument for measuring different dimensions 
of the fcetal head, Cephalom! etry. 
Cephalomonodidymi, sef-al-o-mon-o-did'im-e {ceph- 
ale, head, monos, alone, didumos, twin). Monstrous 
twins, united at the head or having only one head. 
Cephalomyitis, sef-al-o-me-e'tis {cephale, head, mus, 
muscle). Inflammation of muscles of the head. 
Cephalomyodyn'ia {cephale, mus, muscle, odune, 
pain). Pain in muscles of the head. 
Cephalo-nasal index, sef'al-o-na'sal in'deks. Pro- 
portionate capacity of cranium and nasal cavities. 
Cephalonia, sef-al-o'ne-ah. Abnormal development 
of the cranium and brain. 
Cephalonosus, sef-al-on'os-us {cephale, nosos, dis- 
ease). Any cerebral disease or fever. See Fever, 
Hungaric. 
Cephalo - orbital index, sef 'al-o-or'bit-al in'deks. 
Proportionate capacity of orbits and cranium. 
Cephalo-orbito-nasal index, sef'al-o-or'bit-o-na'sal 
in'deks. Cephalo-facial index. 
Cephalopages (sef-al-op-ah'jes) or Cephalop'agus 
{cephale, pegnumi, to join together). Monstrosity in 
which twins are united by the head, the condition 
being called Cephalop'agy. 
Cephalopagotome, sef-al-o-pag'o-tome. Instrument 
for division and traction of head of fcetus. 
Cephalo-parasiticus, sef 'al-o-par-a-sit'ik-us. Mon- 
strosity of twins united by the head, one imperfectly 
formed as a parasitic growth on the other. 
Cephalopath'ic {cephale, pathos, disease). Eelating 
to disease of the head. 
Cephalopathy, sef-al-op'ath-e {cephale, pathos, dis- 
ease). Generic term for disease of the head. 
Cephalopharyngsaus, sef-al-o-far-in-je'us {cephale, 
pharunx, pharynx). Belonging to the head and phar- 
ynx. Portion of constrictor pharyngis superior at- 
tached, above, to inferior surface of basilar process of 
os occipitis. Cephalo-pharyngeal aponeurosis is a 
thin, fibrous membrane attached to basilar process, 
and giving insertion to fibres of constrictor pharyngis 
superior muscle. 
Cephalophyma, sef - al - o- fe' mah {cephale, phuma, 
tumor). Tumor of the head. Cephalsematoma. 
Cephaloponla, sef - al - o - pon' e - ah {cephale, ponos, 
pain). Cephalalgia. 
Cephalopsycter, sef-al-o-sik'ter {cephale, psukter, 
cool place). Arrangement for application of cold to 
the head. 
Cephalopyosis, sef-al-o-pe-o'sis {cephale, puon, pus). 
Abscess of the head. 
Cephaloracchidian, sef-al-o-rak-kid'e-an. Cephalo- 
spinal. 
Cephalorrhsemia, sef-al-or-re'me-ah {cephale, rheo, 
to flow). Hemorrhage of the brain. 
Cephalorrheu'ma. Eheumatism of the head. 
Cephaloscope, sef'al-o-skope {cephale, skopeo, to see). 
Stethoscope placed over ear of patient to listen to air 
of respiration. 
Cephaloseisis, sef-al-o-si'sis {seisis, agitation). Con- 
cussion of the brain. 
Cephalosomatodymia, sef-al-o-so-mah-to-dim'e-ah 
{cephale, soma, body, duo, to enter into). Double mon- 
strosity, in which union is between heads and trunks. 
Cephalospinal, sef-al-o-spi'nal. Cephalorachidian, 
Encephalorachidian, Cerebrospinal, Cerebrorachidian, 
Craniospinal. Hybrid term {cephale, spina). Belong- 
ing to head and spine. C. flu'id, Cephalorachidian 
fluid, Cerebrospinal fluid, Subarachnoidean fluid; ex- 
haled fluid beneath the arachnoid, wherever pia mater 
exists in connection with brain and spinal cord. C. 
in'dex, comparative area of foramen magnum and 
cubic capacity of cranium. 
Clephalostat, sef'al-o-stat {cephale, states, at rest), CEPHALOSTYLE 
Head-rest, for securing immobility of the head, as in 
operations on the eye. 
Cephalostyle, sef'al-o-stile {cephale, stulos, pillar). 
Osseous sheath of chorda dorsalis. 
Cephalothlasia, sef-al-o-thlaz'e-ah {cephale, thlao, to 
crush). Operation of crushing the foetal head. 
Cephalothlast, sef' al - o - thlast (same etymon). 
Cephalotribe, for crushing the foetal head. 
Cephalothlibe, sef' al - o - thlibe {cephale, thlibo, to 
crush). Cephalotribe. 
Cephalothoracopagus, sef-al-o-thor-ak-op'ag-us. 
Twin monstrosity, having heads and chests united. 
Cephalothoracosterumenos, sef 'al-o-thor-ak-o- 
ster-u'men-os {cephale, thorax, chest, stereo, to rob). 
Monster without a head or chest. 
Cephalothryp'sis {cephale, thrupsis, breaking up). 
Cephalotripsy. 
Cephalothryp'tor. Cephalotryptor. 
Cephalotome, sef'al-o-tome. Instrument for per- 
forating the cranium; cephalatome. 
Cephalotomy, sef-al-ot'o-me. Cephalatomy. 
Cephalotrac'tor {cephale, traho, to draw). Obstet- 
rical forceps. 
Cephalotribe, sef'al-o-tribe {cephale, tribo, to crush). 
Instrument for perforating and crushing head of the 
foetus in utero in parturition. 
Cephalotridymus, sef-al-o-trid'im-us. Three-headed 
monster. 
Cephalotripsy, sef'al-o-trip-se {cephale, tribo, to 
crush). Operation of crushing head of foetus in 
utero. 
Cephalotrypesis, sef-al-o-trip-a'sis {cephale, trupesis, 
perforation). Trepanning. 
Cephalotryptor, sef-al-o-trip'tor (same etymon). 
Trephine; cranium perforator. 
Cephalulcus, sef-al-ul'kus {cephale, helko, to draw). 
Fillet with which to facilitate expulsion of the foetal 
head. 
Cepulla, sep-ul'lah (dim. of Cepa). Allium cepa. 
Cera, se'rah. Wax. See Ceratum. C. al'ba, see 
Cera flava. C. amyla'ta, pulverizable beeswax, basis 
for pills. C. citri'na, cera flava. C. fla'va, yellow 
wax; peculiar concrete animal substance prepared by 
the bee-apis melliflca-and by some plants, as Cerox- 
ylon and Myrica cerifera. By bleaching, cera alba, 
or white wax, is produced; demulcent and emollient; 
sometimes given in emulsion, in diarrhoea and dysen- 
tery, but chiefly in cerates and ointments. Many 
vegetable products also contain wax, hence the name 
Vegetable wax. 
Ceraceous, ser-a'she-us. Waxy. 
Ceradine, ser'ad-een. Alkaline derived from vera- 
trum album. 
Ceraese, ser'e-e {keras, horn). Cornua of uterus. 
Ceramium, ser-am'e-um. Liquid measure contain- 
ing over seven gallons. C. helminthochor'tus, Cor- 
sican moss, Corallina Corsicana; see Helminthochorton. 
Ceramuria, ser-am-u're-ah {keramos, earth, ouron, 
urine). Phosphatic urine; see Urine. 
Ce'ras (horn). Cornu ; cornea. 
Cerasea (ser-ah'se-ah) or Cera'sia. Cherry tree. 
Cerasin, ser'as-in. Insoluble material derived from 
gummy exudation from cherry, peach, and plum 
trees, identical with metarabin. 
Cera'sion, Cer'asos, or Cerasum, ser'as-um. See 
Prunus cerasus. 
Cerasus acida, ser'as-us as'id-ah. Prunus cerasus. 
C. a'vium, Prunus avium, P. nigra. C. capronia'na, 
Prunus cerasus. C. dul'cis, Prunus nigra. C. dura- 
ci'na, Prunus cerasus. C. fimbria'ta, Prunus Virgin- 
iana. C. horten'sis, Prunus cerasus. C. laurocer'- 
asus, Prunus laurocerasus. C. pa'dus, Prunus padus. 
C. pe'nis, glans penis. C. racemo'sus sylves'tris, 
Prunus padus. C. ru'bra, Prunus cerasus. C. serot'- 
ina, Prunus Virginiana. C. Virginia'na, Prunus 
Virginiana. C. vulga'ris, Prunus cerasus. 
Cerate, se'rate {cera, wax). Pharmaceutical prepara- 
tion containing composition of wax, oil, or lard, with or 
without other ingredients. Simple cerate, ceratum 
(Ph.U.S.), is a mixture of white wax §iij and lard 
5x, and is applied as an emollient to excoriations, etc.; 
211 
CERATOHYOIDEUS 
see Ceratum cetacei. C., blistering, cerate of canthar- 
ides; see Emplastrum lyttie. C. of cal'amine, known 
also as cerate of carbonate of zinc, Turner's cerate, is 
a mixture of calamine, yellow wax, and lard. C., 
cam'phor, ceratum camphorse. C. of canthar'ides, 
blister or blistering ointment, ointment of Spanish 
flies, is a mixture of spermaceti cerate and powdered 
cantharides. It is used to keep blisters, issues, etc. 
open. Cerate of cantharides is officinal under name 
ceratum cantharidis (Ph. U. S.). C. of extract of 
canthar'ides, see Emplastrum lyttee. C., Gou'lard's, 
ceratum plumbi compositum. C. of lard, cerate. C. 
of lead, com'pound, ceratum plumbi compositum. 
C., restn, com'pound, ceratum resinse compositum. 
C., sav'ine, ceratum sabinae. C., soap, ceratum 
saponis. C., spermaceti, ceratum cetacei. C. of 
supera'cetate or su'gar of lead, ceratum plumbi 
superacetatis. C., Turner's, cerate of calamine. C. 
of zinc carbonate, cerate of calamine. 
Cerate'a or Cerat'ia. Ceratonia siliqua. 
Ceratectasia, ser-at-ek-tah'ze-ah {keras, cornea, efc- 
tasis, extension). Staphyloma of cornea; abnormal 
projection of cornea. C. con'ica, ceratoncus; conical 
staphyloma. C. sphce'nica, spherical staphyloma. 
Ceratectomy (ser-at-ek'to-me), Cerectomy {cerato, 
ektomos, cut out). Ker ectomy or Keratectomy. Section 
or incision of cornea, as in cataract, or to give exit to 
pus effused in the eye, in hypopyon, etc. 
Ceratiasis, ser-at-e'as-is (fceras, horn). Morbid con- 
dition characterized by corneous growths. 
Ceratin, ser'at-in (fceras, horn). Horny matter ex- 
isting in hair, nails, epidermis, etc. 
Ceration, ser-a'shun. Siliqua; cornu of uterus. 
Ceratitis, ser-at-e'tis. Inflammation of the cornea; 
corneitis; keratitis. C., dot'ted or puncta'ta, in- 
flammation of anterior chamber of the eye. C. sup'- 
purans, inflammation of the cornea, with collection 
of purulent matter between laminae of the cornea, 
having the shape of a nail. Onyx. 
Ceratium, ser-at'e-um. Ceratonium siliqua; St. 
John's bread. Ceration. 
Cerato, ser'at-o {keras, horn). In composition, 
cornu or horn, or cornea. (See Ceras and words be- 
ginning with Kerato.) 
Cerato-arytenoideus, ser'at-o-ar-it-en-o-e'de-us. 
Fibres of crico-arytenoideus posticus muscle from 
inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage. 
Ceratocele, ser-at-o-se'le (Eng. ser'at-o-seel) {cerato, 
kele, tumor). Protrusion of transparent cornea, or 
rather of membrane of aqueous humor, through 
opening in the cornea. Keratocele. 
Ceratocentesls, ser-at-o-sen-ta'sis (keras, horn, cen- 
tesis, puncture). Puncturation of the cornea. 
Ceratococcus, ser-at-o-kok'kus. Sphaerococcus. 
Ceratoconus, ser-at-o-ko'nus. Staphyloma of the 
cornea. 
Ceratocricoid, ser-at-o-kri'koid. Merkel's muscle; 
rare muscle of the larynx, first described by Merkel 
of Leipsic; existing only on one side, arising close to 
the origin of outer fibres of crico-arytenoidseus pos- 
ticus, and attached to posterior margin of inferior 
cornu of thyroid cartilage. 
Ceratodeitis, ser-at-o-de-e'tis. Ceratitis. 
Ceratodeocele, ser-at-o-de-o-se'le (Eng. ser-at-o-de'- 
o-seel). Ceratocele. 
Ceratodeonyxis, ser-at-o-de-on-iks'is. Ceratonyxis. 
Cerato'des membra'na. Cornea. 
Ceratodistos, ser-at-o-dis'tos {keras, horn, histos, 
tissue). Structure or tissue of cornea. 
Ceratodi'tis. Ceratitis. 
Ceratogenesis, ser-at-o-jen'es-is {cerato, genesis, 
generation). Formation of horn or of ceratoma. 
Ceratoglobus, ser-at-o-glo'bus. Hydrophthalmia. 
Ceratoglossus, ser-at-o-glos'sus {cerato, glossa, 
tongue). Muscle extending from great cornu of hyoid 
bone to base of tongue ; part of hyoglossus. 
Ceratohyal, ser-at-o-hy'al. Relating to cornu of 
hyoid bone and the bone itself; lesser cornu of os 
hyoides, viewed as a separate bone. 
Ceratohyoi'deus. Keratohyoideus; stylohyoid 
muscle. CERATOID 
Ceratoid, ser'at-oid (cerato, eidos, resemblance). 
Resembling horn. Cornea. 
Ceratoiditis, ser-at-o-id-e'tis. Ceratitis. 
Ceratoigenesis, ser-at-o-e-jen'es-is. Ceratogenesis. 
Cer'ato-iri'tis. Inflammation of cornea and iris. 
Ceratoitis, ser-at-o-e'tis. Ceratitis. 
Ceratoleucoma, ser-at-o-lu-ko'mah. Leucoma. 
Ceratolysis, ser-at-ol'is-is. Keratolysis. 
Ceratoma, ser-at-o'mah. Horny growth or for- 
mation. 
Ceratomalacia, ser-at-o-mal-ah'se-ah [cerato, mala- 
kia, softness). Softening of cornea. 
Ceratomalagma, ser - at - o - mal - ag' mah [cerato, 
malasso, to soften). Cerate. 
Ceratomandibular, ser-at-o-man-dib'u-lar. Hyo- 
mandibular. 
Ceratomeningitis, ser-at-o-men-in-je'tis [cerato, 
meninx, membrane, itis, inflammation). Ceratitis. 
Ceratomeninx, ser-at-o-me'ninks. Cornea. 
Ceratomia, ser-at-om'e-ah. Ceratectomy; cerotomy. 
Cerat'omy. Ceratotomy. 
Ceratonia siliqua, ser-at-o'ne-ah sil'e-kwah [keras, 
horn). Algaroba, or St. John's bread, carob tree, sweet- 
pod ; fruit is mucilaginous, and employed in decoction 
where mucilages are indicated. 
Ceraton'osus. Disease of the cornea. 
Ceratonyxis, ser-at-on-iks'is [cerato, nusso, to punc- 
ture). Operation to depress the crystalline lay means 
of a needle introduced into the eye through the cor- 
nea; see Cataract. 
Ceratopharyngeus, ser-at-o-far-in-je'us [cerato, 
pharunx, pharynx). Small fleshy bundles, forming 
part of the hyopharyngeus. 
Ceratoplastice, ser-at-o-plas'tis-e. Ceratoplasty. 
Cer'atoplasty (cerato, plastikos, formative). Opera- 
tion for formation of artificial cornea. 
Ceratorrhexis, ser-at-or-rheks'is [cerato, rhexis, rup- 
ture). Rupture of cornea. 
Ceratoscope, ser'at-o-skope [keras, horn, skopeo, to 
see). Instrument for examination of cornea, Cera- 
toscopy. 
Ceratosis, ser-at-o'sis. Ceratogenesis. 
Ceratostaphylinus, ser-at-o-staf-il-e'nus [cerato, 
staphule, the uvula). Fleshy fibres of thyrostaphy- 
linus muscle. 
Ceratostroma, se-ra-tos'tro-mah [keras, horn, stroma, 
layer). Ichthyosis. 
Ceratostro'sis. Development of ichthyosis, or for- 
mation of layer of horny tissue on the skin. 
Ceratotomus, ser-at-ot'om-us. Ceratotome, kerato- 
tome; knife for dividing transparent cornea in cat- 
aract, Ceratotomy. 
Ceratotomy, ser-at-ot'om-e. Ceratectomy. 
Ceratum, ser-ah'tum. Cerate, simple cerate. C. 
ad'ipis, cerate. C. al'bum, C. cetacei, C. Galeni. C. 
de Althae'd, unguentum de althaea. C. calami'nse 
or calamina're, cerate of calamine. C. cam'phorae 
(Ph. U. S.), camphor cerate; made of olive oil, cam- 
phor liniment, and cerate; somewhat stimulating 
dressing. C. canthar'idis (Ph. U. S.), cerate of can- 
tharides (cantharides, yellow wax, resin, and lard); 
(in Ph. Br. cantharides, yellow wax, prepared suet, 
prepared lard, and resin). C. de Cerus'sa, unguen- 
tum plumbi subcarbonatis. C. ceta'cei, sperma- 
ceti cerate; cerate made of spermaceti, white wax, 
aud olive oil, officinal in Ph. U. S.; emollient to 
ulcers, etc. C. ce'ti, ceratum cetacei. C. cicu'tse, 
ceratum comii. C. citri'num, ceratum resinse. C. 
coni/i, made of ointment of conium, spermaceti, 
white wax; used in cancerous and scrofulous sores, 
etc. C. epilot'icum, cerate of calamine. C. ex- 
tract! canthar'idis (Ph. U. S.), cantharides, resin, 
yellow wax, lard, and alcohol. C. fla'vum, cerate 
made of yellow wax, expressed oil of almonds, and 
water. C. Gale'ni, Galen's cerate; made of cold 
cream, white wax, oil of sweet almonds, and water 
or rose-water; mild application to chaps, etc. C. 
Goular'di, C. plumbi compositum. C. hydrar'gyri 
compos'itum, compound cerate of mercury (made of 
ung. hydrarg., cerat, sapon. comp., and camphor), is 
discutient to indolent tumors. C. lap'idis calami- 
212 
CEREALIA 
na'ris, cerate of calamine. C. laudanisa'tum, mix- 
ture of Sydenham's laudanum and Galen's cerate. 
C. lithar'gyri aceta'tis compos'itum, C. plumbi 
compositum. C. lyt'tse, cerate of cantharides. C. 
mercuria'le, unguentum hydrargyri. C. myris'- 
ticae, yellow wax, olive oil, and expressed oil of nut- 
meg. C. pica'tum, oily matter from boiling pitch; 
same uses as tar. C. pi'cis, C. resinae pini. C. 
plum'bi compos'itum, compound lead cerate, Gou- 
lard's cerate, Goulard's ointment. It is composed 
of liq. plumb, subacet. and ceratum camphorae. C. 
plum'bi subaceta'tis (Ph. U. S.), C. plumbi com- 
positum. C. plum'bi superaceta'tis, cerate of super- 
acetate or sugar of lead. It is made of acetate of 
lead, white wax, and olive oil; cooling and astringent. 
C. refrlg'erans Gale'ni, C. Galeni. C. resi'nse, resin 
cerate or ointment, yellow basil icon, basilicon oint- 
ment. It is made of resin, yellow wax, and lard 
(Ph. U. S.); of resin, yellow wax, and simple oint- 
ment (Ph. Br.); stimulating application to old ulcers, 
etc. C. resi'nse compos'itum, compound resin cerate, 
Deshler's salve. It is made of resin., sevum, cera 
flava, terebinthina, ol. lini. C. resi'nse pi'ni, yellow 
wax, pine resin, turpentine. C. rosa'tum, rose cerate. 
C. sabi'nse, savin or savine cerate, savin or savine 
ointment. It is made of extract, sabin. fluid, and 
cerat. resinse (Ph. U. S.); irritative, drawing. Used 
in same cases as cerate of cantharides. C. sapo'nis, 
soap cerate. It is made of emplastrum saponis, cera 
flava, oleum olivse; applied in sprains or fractures. 
C. satur'ni, C. plumbi compositum. C. sim'plex, 
cerate, ceratum cetacei. C. spermace'ti, C. cetacei. 
C. subaceta'ti plum'bi medica'tum, C. plumbi 
compositum. C. sulphura'tum, washed sulphur, al- 
mond oil, Galen's cerate. C. tetraphar'macum, pis- 
selajuni. C. vir'ide, unguentum subacetatis cupri. 
C. zin'ci carbona'tis, cerate of carbonate of zinc. 
It is made of zinci carbonas preeparata and unguen- 
tum simplex; used in same cases as ceratum 
calaminse. 
Cerbera (ser'ber-ah) ahovai. See Strychnia. C. 
man'ghas, tree of E. Indies; leaves and juice are 
emetic and purgative. C. odol'lam, poisonous tree 
of E. Indies; yields a poisonous glucoside called 
cerberin; bark and leaves are purgative. C. saluta'- 
ris, tree of Cochin China; root and nut are em- 
ployed in colic and affections of the stomach. C. 
tan'ghin, tanghinia; tree of Madagascar; kernel of 
fruit is a deadly paralyzing poison. C. theve'tia, see 
Strychnia. 
Cer'berin. See Cerhera odollam. 
Cercaria, sur-kar'e-ah (kerkos, tail). Genus of agas- 
tric, caudate, infusory animalcules; larval form of 
trematode worms, to which spermatozoa have been 
presumed by some to belong. 
Cerchnasmus (surk-naz 'mus), Cerchnoma (surk- 
no'mah), Cerch'nos, or Cerchnus, surk'nus (kerchneo, 
to render hoarse). Hoarseness; rough voice produced 
by hoarseness; see Rattle. 
Cercis, sur'sis. Pestle, radius, tibia; see Pilum. 
C. Canaden'sis, red bud, Judas tree; astringent bark 
is used in diarrhoea and dysentery, and as an injec- 
tion in leucorrhcea and gleet. 
Cercoma (sur-ko'mah) Schseff'eri. Species of vesi- 
cating coleopterous insects in France. 
Cercomo'nas. Genus of infusoria. C. glob'u- 
lus, species found in incrustations on human teeth. 
C. hom'inis or intestina'lis, infusoria found in 
evacuations, especially of typhoid fever, diar- 
rhoea, and cholera; megastoma intestinalis. C. vag- 
ina'lis, infusoria found in the vagina, trichomonas 
vaginalis. 
Cer'cos. Penis. 
Cercosis, sur-ko'sis (kerkos, tail). Clitoris; nym- 
phomania and elongation of clitoris; polypus uteri, 
sarcoma cercosis. C. clitor'idis or C. exter'na, clit- 
orism. 
Cerea, se're-ah. Cerumen. 
Cerealia, se - re - al'e - ah (Ceres, goddess of corn). 
Gramineous plants, seeds of which serve for nourish- 
ment of man; as wheat, barley, rye, etc. CEREALIN ! 
Cerealin, se're-al-in. Albuminoid matter derived 
from cereals. 
Cerebellar, ser-e-bel'lar. Eelating to the cerebel- 
lum. C. an'gle, suboccipital angle. C. ar'teries, 
arteries supplying the cerebellum, derived from 
vertebral and basilar. C. hemispheres, two hemi- 
spheres of cerebellum. C. laminae, narrow folds of 
cortical layer of cerebellum. C. pro'cesses, superior 
peduncles of cerebellum. C. sec'tor, space in middle 
plane of skull, between lines projected from hormion 
to opisthion and inion. C. veins, veins from cere- 
bellum emptying into venae Galeni or venous sinuses 
at base of skull. 
Cerebelli cap'sula. White fibres surrounding cor- 
pus dentatum. 
Cerebellitis, ser-e-bel-le'tis. Inflammation of cere- 
bellum. 
Cerebel'lo-spi'nal. Part of nervous system which 
includes the cerebellum and spinal cord. 
Cerebellous, ser - e - bel' lus. Cerebellar. C. ap'- 
oplexy, apoplexy of cerebellum. 
Cerebellum, ser-e-bel' lum (dim. of Cerebrum). 
Little brain ; portion of medullary mass contained in 
the cavity of the cranium, filling lower occipital 
fossae below the tentorium, and embracing the tuber 
annulare and medulla. It is composed, like the 
cerebrum, of vesicular and tubular substance, so that 
on section it has an arborescent appearance-arbor 
vitae. The cerebellum is divided into two lobes or 
hemispheres or lateral masses, superior anterior or 
quadrangular lobe, and superior posterior or semi- 
lunar lobe; each lobe is again subdivided into mon- 
ticuli or lobules. The hemispheres are separated in 
front by a deep notch, incisura cerebelli anterior, and 
behind by the incisura cerebelli posterior. C., 
gan'glion of, corpus dentatum. 
Cerebral, ser'e-bral. Similar to or relating to the 
brain. C. an'gle, angle between lines projected 
from auricular point to glabella and inion. C. 
apoph'ysis, pineal gland. C. ar'teries, these are 
three on each side: anterior, or artery of corpus cal- 
losum ; middle, sylvian artery, furnished by internal 
carotid; posterior, or posterior and inferior, artery 
of the brain, profunda cerebri, from vertebral. C. 
com'missures, commissures uniting hemispheres of 
the brain. C. convolu'tions, tortuous divisions of 
the cortical substance of the cerebrum. C. ex- 
haustion, neurasthenia. C. fe'ver, meningitis. C. 
gan'glia, optic thalami and corpora striata. C. 
hemispheres, two portions into which the cerebrum 
is divided by the great longitudinal fissure; united 
at inferior part by the corpus callosum. C. in'dex, 
relation of transverse diameter of brain to longitu- 
dinal. C. lobes, see Cerebrum. C. localization, ap- 
portionment of functions to various localities on sub- 
stance of brain; see Localization. C. mac'ula, redness 
of skin, supposed to be connected with inflammation 
of the brain. C. nerves, those arising within the cra- 
nium. C. pe'duncles, crura cerebri. C. pneumo'nia, 
see Pneumonia. C. protu'berance, pons Varolii. C. 
rheum'atism, rheumatic inflammation of membranes 
of the brain. C. sector, space in middle plane of skull, 
between lines projected from hormion to nasion and 
basion, or from hormion to nasion and inion. C. si'- 
nuses, sinuses of dura mater. C. surprise', instanta- 
neous stupor occurring after sudden compression or 
laceration of the brain. C. tri'gone, fornix cerebri. 
C. veins, veins lying within the pia mater. C. ven'- 
tricles, V. of the brain. C. vesicles, bulbous ex- 
pansions on primary neural tube of early embryo, 
developing into the brain, 
Cerebralgia, ser-e-bral'je-ah. Cerebral neuralgia. 
Cerebrasthenia, ser-e-bras-then-e'ah (cerebrum, as- 
theneia, weakness). Weakness of the brain. 
Cerebration, ser-e-bra'shun. Action of the brain 
during any mental or moral manifestation C., un- 
con'scious, unconscious exercise of the mind during 
sleep or mental occupation. 
Cerebria, ser-eb're-ah. Spontaneous acute, general 
inflammation of the substance of the brain, uncom- 
plicated with meningitis. C. partia'lis, monomania. 
213 
CEREBRUM 
Cerebric acid, ser'e-brik as'id. Azotized material 
existing in gray substance of brain; impure cerebrin. 
Cerebriform, ser'eb-ri-form (cerebrum, forma, form). 
Encephaloid. 
Cerebrifugal, ser-e-brif'u-gal. Epithet for nerve- 
fibres passing from the brain. 
Cerebrin, ser'e-brin. White powder obtained from 
brain-matter; forms nearly 10 per cent, of white 
nervous substance. C17H33NO3. See Cerebrum. 
Cerebrin'ic ac'id. Weak acid found in brain- 
tissue. 
Cerebrip'etal. Epithet for nerve-fibres passing to 
the brain. 
Cerebritis, ser-e-bre'tis. Inflammation of the sub- 
stance of the brain ; encephalitis. 
Cerebroid, ser'e-broid. Encephaloid. 
Cerebromalacia, ser-e-bro-mal-ah'se-ah (cerebrum, 
malakia, softness). Softness of brain-substance. 
Cerebropathy, ser-e-brop'ath-e (cerebrum, pathos, 
affection). Mental disorder; see Nervous diathesis. 
Cerebropsychosis, ser-e-bro-sy-ko'sis (psuche, 
mind). Cerebral disease with mental disturbance. 
Cerebrorhachidian, ser-e-bro-rak-id'e-an (cerebrum, 
rhachis, spine). Cephalo-spinal; cerebro-spinal. 
Cerebrosclerosis, ser-e-bro-skle-ro'sis. Sclerosis or 
induration of the brain. 
Cerebroscopy, ser-e-bros'ko-pe (cerebrum, skopeo, to 
see). Examination of the brain, as by ophthalmos- 
copy; encephaloscopy; use of the ophthalmoscope 
for diagnosis of brain diseases. 
Cerebrose, ser'e-brose. Saccharine matter (CellisOe) 
in brain-tissue, isomeric with glucose. 
Cerebrosides, ser'e-bro-sides. Substances in the 
tissue of the brain containing cerebrose. 
Cerebrosis, ser-e-bro'sis. Mania. 
Cerebro-spinal, ser'e-bro-spi'nal. Relating to the 
brain and spinal cord. A cerebro-spinal or cerebro- 
spinant is a neurotic exercising special influence over 
the functions of the brain and spinal cord and their 
respective nerves. C.-s. ax'is, see Encephalon. C.-s. 
fezver, meningitis, cerebro-spinal. C.-s. flu'id, ceph- 
alo-spinal fluid. C.-s. meningi'tis, see Meningitis. 
C.-s. sys'tem, brain and spinal cord and nerves con- 
nected therewith. 
Cerebro-spinant, ser'e-bro-spi'nant. Cerebro-spinal. 
Cerebrote, ser'e-brote. White fatty, amyloid prin- 
ciple in the brain. 
Cerebrotomy, ser-e-brot'o-me (cerebrum, tome, incis- 
ion). Dissection of the brain; encephalotomy. 
Cerebrum, ser'e-brum (kara, the head). The brain; 
the whole contents of the cranium, or upper portion 
only, the posterior and inferior portions being called 
cerebellum. The brain, properly so called, extends 
from the os frontis to the superior occipital fossae. 
Anteriorly, it rests on the orbitar vault; behind this, 
on the middle fossae of the base of the cranium ; and 
posteriorly on the tentorium cerebello superextensum. 
The upper surface is divided by a deep median cleft 
into two halves or hemispheres, united at the base by 
the corpus callosum. On its surface are numerous 
convolutions. The inferior surface exhibits, from be- 
fore to behind, three lobes, distinguished as anterior, 
middle, and posterior. The cerebrum is contained in 
a triple envelope, dura mater, pia mater, and arach- 
noid (see Meninges). Two substances may be distin- 
guished in it: white, medullary, tubular or fibrous- 
medulla cerebri; and cortical, cineritious, vesicular, 
or gray. The former occupies all the interior and 
base of the brain ; the latter is grayish and softer, 
and is situate particularly at the surface. Much 
progress has been made recently, especially by ex- 
periments on animals, in the localization of various 
functions in different areas and points in the cere- 
brum, of many motor actions especially; and some of 
these seem to be so definitely determined that already 
great surgical advance has been made in the removal 
of tumors from the cerebrum. See Centre and Locali- 
zation. 
The brain is the material organ of mental and 
moral manifestations. Three primary vesicles are 
developed, at an early period of foetal life, from the CEREBRUM 
medullary canal, and, with their lining of epiblast, 
constitute the primitive brain, as follows (Chapman): 
214 
I CERVICAL 
romyces cerevisise. C. lupula'ta, beer made from 
hops. 0. ni'gra, black beer, made by infusing berbs 
in beer or ale. 
Ce'ria. Celia, cerevisia; flat intestinal worm. 
Cerii oxalas, se're-e oks'al-as. Officinal in Ph. U. S. 
and Br. See Cerium. 
Cerintha major, ser-in'tha major. Honeywort, 
wax-plant; European plant, astringent, and employed 
in affections of the eye. 
Cerion, ser'e-on (honeycomb). See Favosus, Porrigo 
favosa. 
Cerium, se're-um (after planet Ceres). Metal re- 
sembling iron: oxidizable at ordinary temperatures 
in moist atmosphere. Nitrate and oxalate are only 
compounds used medicinally. Salts of cerium are 
sedative and tonic, and have been used in dyspepsia, 
vomiting of pregnancy, chorea, etc., resembling sub- 
nitrate of bismuth in action. The oxalate of the ses- 
quioxide, cerii oxalas, is officinal (Ph. U. S.). Dose 
of the oxalate or nitrate, 1 grain. 
Cerocoma, ser-o-ko'mah. Genus of coleopterous 
insects, all species of which are vesicant. 
Ceroleum, ser-o'le-um (cera, oleum, oil). Cerate. 
Ceroma, ser-o'mah (keros, wax). Cerate; amyloid 
degeneration. 
Ceromel, ser'o-mel (cera, wax, mel, honey). Mix- 
ture of wax and honey, used in India as application 
to indolent ulcers. 
Ceronia, ser-o'ne-ah. Ceratonia siliqua. 
Ceronium, ser-o'ne-um. Cerate. 
Ceropegla acuminata, ser-o-pej'e-ah ak-u-min-at'- 
ah. Species of asclepiadaceous plants of E. Indies, 
used as stomachic tonic and in diseases of bowels of 
children. 
Cerosis, ser-o'sis. Kerosis. 
Cerostro'ma or Cerostrosis, ser-o-stro'sis (keras, 
horn, stroma, layer, or strosis, spreading). Hystrici- 
asis; ichthyosis hystrix. 
Cerote (ser-ote'), Ce'roton, or Cerotum, ser-o'tum. 
Cerate. 
Ceroxylon, ser-oks'il-on (keros, wax, xulon, wood). 
See Cera flava and C. alba. C. andic'ola, large Peru- 
vian tree, from which wax is obtained. 
Cerumen, ser-u'men (cera, wax). Unctuous humor, 
similar to wax, in meatus auditorius externus, se- 
creted by glands beneath skin lining meatus. It lubri- 
cates the meatus, preserves suppleness of the lining 
membrane, prevents the introduction of bodies floating 
in the atmosphere, and by its bitterness and unctuous- 
ness prevents insects from penetrating. 
Ceru'mi. Cerumen. 
Ceruminosis, ser-u-min-o'sis. Condition of, or caus- 
ing, excessive secretion or accumulation of cerumen in 
external auditory canal. 
Ceruminous, ser-u'min-us. Relating to or secret- 
ing cerumen. C. glands, ceruminous follicles; glands 
or follicles secreting cerumen. 
Cerus, se'rus. Cera. 
Ceruse, ser-oos'. Plumbi subcarbonas. 
Cerussa, ser-oos'sah. Plumbi subcarbonas. C. ace- 
ta'ta, plumbi superacetas. C. al'ba hispan'ica, 
plumbi subcarbonas. C. al'ba no'rica, plumbi sub- 
carbonas. C. ni'gra, graphites. C. psym'mithron, 
plumbi subcarbonas. C. serpenta'rise, see Arum mac- 
ulatum. 
Cervaria alba, ser-vah're-ah al'bah. Laserpitium 
latifolium. 
Cervi boletus, sur've bol-a'tus. Elaphomyces gran- 
ulatus. C. el'aphi cor'nu, cornu cervi; see Cercus. 
Cervical, sur'vik-al (cervix, neck). Trachelian; re- 
lating to the neck, or neck of uterus. C. ar'teries, 
these are three in number: 1. Ascending, superior, 
or superficial, branch of inferior thyroid. 2. Trans- 
verse, branch of axillary artery or of subclavian. 3. 
Posterior or profound, branch of subclavian; see 
Princeps cervicis artery. C. bend, bend made between 
medulla spinalis and myelencephalon in embryonic 
development of cerebro-spinal axis. C. canal', canal 
of neck of uterus. C. curve, curve of cervix. C. 
em'inence, prominence of spine of seventh cervical 
vertebra. C. fas'cia, sheath of muscles of neck. C. 
1. Prosenceph- 
alon. 
Cerebral hemispheres, 
corpora striata, corpus 
callosum, fornix, lateral 
ventricles,olfactory bulb 
(rhinencephalon). 
I. Anterior 
primary 
vesicle. 
Thalami optici, pineal 
gland, pituitary body, 
third ventricle, optic 
nerve (primarily). 
2. Thalamen- 
cephalon 
(Diencephalon). 
IL Middle 
primary 
vesicle. 
3. Mesenceph- 
alon. 
Corpora quadrigemina, 
crura cerebri, aqueduct 
of Sylvius, optic nerve 
(secondarily). 
4. Epenceph- 
alon. 
Cerebellum, pons Varolii, 
anterior part of fourth 
ventricle. 
III. Posterior 
primary 
vesicle. 
5. Metenceph- 
alon. 
Medulla oblongata, fourth 
ventricle, auditory 
nerve. 
The brain differs in weight in different nations and 
races. According to Davis: 
Men. Women. 
European races .... 1367 grammes. 1204 grammes. 
Oceanic " .... 1319 " 1219 " 
American " .... 1308 " 1187 " 
Asiatic " .... 1304 " 1194 " 
African " .... 1293 " 1211 " 
Australian " .... 1214 " 1111 " 
The average human brain weighs from 48 to 50 
ounces, in a newborn child 10 to 14 ounces, and at 
the age of seven years already averages 40 ounces. 
The average weight of the adult female brain is about 
44 ounces, or about five ounces less than that of the 
adult male (Kirkes). The blood circulating in the 
brain amounts to about of its volume. The rela- 
tive weights of the cerebrum, cerebellum, etc. are as 
follows (Quain): 
Average weight of- Male. Female. 
Cerebrum 43.98 oz. 38.75 oz. 
Cerebellum5.25 " 4.76 " 
Pons and medulla0.98 " 1.01 " 
Entire encephalon50.21 " 44.52 " 
Ratio of cerebrum to cerebellum . . 1 to 8| 1 to 8| 
The brain consists chemically of about 75 per cent, 
of water, 15 of fats, 7.5 of albuminoids, 1.5 of salts, 1 
of extractives, including cerebrin, lecithin, choles- 
terin, fat, fatty acids, phosphorus, sodium chloride, 
salts of lime, potash, and magnesia. The amount of 
phosphorus is from 1.3 to 1.7 per cent. (Chapman). 
Cer'ebrum abdomina'le. Solar plexus. C. elonga'- 
tum, medulla oblongata. C. lon'gum or oblon'gum, 
spinal cord. C. par'vum, C. poste'rius, cerebellum. 
Cerecloth, antiseptic, sere'kloth, au-te-sep'tik. 
Cloth or thin calico saturated with solid paraffin, to 
which oil, wax, and carbolic acid are added; used 
for wounds. 
Cerectomy, ser-ek'to-me. Ceratectomy. 
Cerefolium, ser-e-fo'le-um. Scandix cerefolium. 
C. hispan'icum, Chaerophyllum odoratum. C. syl- 
ves'tre, Chaerophyllum sylvestre. 
Cerelseum, ser-el-e'um (keros, wax, elaion, oil). 
Cerate. 
Cereolus, ser-a'ol-us (cera, wax). Bougie. 
Cererium, ser-a're-um. Cerium. 
Cereus, se're-us (cera, wax). Bougie. C. flagelli- 
for'mis, poisonous Mexican plant; antispasmodic and 
anthelmintic; externally rubefacient. C. grandi- 
flo'rus, Cactus grandiflora. C. medica'tus, bougie. 
C. monilifor'mis, plant of W. Indies, used in fomen- 
tations and cataplasms in inflammatory diseases of 
the skin and rheumatism. C., night-bloom'ing, Cac- 
tus grandiflora. C. panicula'tus, pulp of the fruit is 
used in bilious affections and fevers. 
Cerevisia, ser-e-viz'e-ah (from Ceres, goddess of 
corn). Term to include malt liquors, as ale, beer, 
porter. C. abi'etis or abieti'na, spruce beer. C. 
ama'ra, bitter beer, containing wormwood or gen- 
tian. C. fermen'tum (Ph. Br.), beer, yeast, a ferment 
obtained in brewing beer, and produced by Saccha- CERVICALIS 
gan'glions, three ganglions of great sympathetic in 
the neck; cervical glands or lymphatic glands of neck 
are also so called ; see Trisplanchnic nerve. Also gan- 
glion formed by union of several ganglia in the utero- 
vaginal plexus. C. glands, lymphatic glands of neck. 
C. llg'aments, two in number: 1. Anterior, extend- 
ing from basilar process of occipital bone to anterior 
part of first cervical vertebrae. 2. Posterior or supra- 
spinous, ligamentum nuchse, extending from outer 
occipital protuberance to spinous process of seventh 
cervical vertebra ; in animals with large heads it is 
very strong; see Nucha. C. nerves, these are eight 
in number on each side, and form eight cervical pairs. 
C. nu'cleus, mass of gray matter in spinal cord op- 
posite third and fourth cervical nerves. C. pachy- 
meningi'tis, see Pachymeningitis. C. plex'us, nervous 
network formed by anterior branches of first three 
cervical nerves, above posterior scalenus muscle, and 
at outer side of pneumogastric nerve, carotid artery, 
and jugular vein. C. preg'nancy, development of 
foetus in cervical canal. C. re'gion, ante'rior deep, 
prevertebral region; region of neck, occupied by 
three pairs of muscles placed immediately in front of 
the cervical and three superior dorsal vertebrae-viz., 
rectus capitis anticus major, rectus capitis anticus 
minor, and longus colli--hence termed prevertebral 
muscles. C. ribs, prolongations like ribs occasionally 
seen in connection with vertebrae of neck. C. tri'- 
angles, the side of the neck is divided into two large 
triangles by the sterno-mastoid muscle-anterior tri- 
angle or triangular space, and posterior triangle or 
triangular space. The anterior triangular space is 
divided into three smaller triangles by digastric mus- 
cle above, and by anterior belly of omo-hyoid below; 
named from below upward, inferior carotid triangle, 
superior carotid, and submaxillary. The posterior tri- 
angle or triangular space is crossed by posterior belly 
of omo-hyoid, which divides it into two triangles-up- 
per or occipital, and lower or subclavian. C. veins 
have nearly the same distribution as the arteries. C. 
ver'tebrse, first seven vertebrae of spine. See Vertebrae. 
Cervicalis, sur-ve-kal'is. Cervical. C. ascen'dens, 
Iliocostalis cervicis muscle; four or five fleshy slips 
forming an extension of the ilio-costalis accessory 
muscle into the neck. C. descen'dens, C. ascendens; 
hypoglossus'; fasciculus of sacro-lumbalis muscle. 
Cervicaria, sur-ve-kah're-ah. Name given to several 
varieties of Campanula. 
Cerviciplex, sur'vis-e-plex. Cervical plexus. 
Cerviciscapularis, sur-ve-se-skap-u-lar'is. Levator 
anguli scapulae. 
Cervicispinal, sur-ve-se-spi'nal. Relating to neck 
and spinal column. 
Cervicitis, sur-ve-se'tis. Trachelitis; inflammation 
of cervix uteri. 
Cervico, sur've-ko (cervix, neck). In composition, 
neck, or neck of uterus. C.-acromia'lis, part of 
trapezius muscle passing from neck to acromion pro- 
cess. C.-auricula'ris, relating to back of neck and 
ear, or to one of several muscles so distributed in 
lower animals. C.-basilar, relating to neck and re- 
gion of basilar process of occipital bone. C.-brachial, 
relating to neck and arm, or brachial plexus and cer- 
vical nerves. C.-branchial fis'tula, branchial fistula. 
C.-bregmatic, relating to neck and vertex of head, 
as cervico-bregmatic diameter. C.-cos'to-humeralis, 
rare muscle passing from sixth cervical vertebra and 
first rib to humerus. C.-fa'cial, belonging to neck 
and face; smaller main division of facial nerve dis- 
tributed to face and neck. C.-hu'meral, levator cla- 
viculse. C.-mastoi'deus, relating to neck and mastoid 
process; splenius capitis. C.-na'sal, relating to neck 
and nose, as muscle in lower animals so distributed. 
C.-occipital, cleido-occipital; relating to neck and 
occipital bone. C.-scap'ular ar'tery, transverse cer- 
vical artery. C.-spi'nal, relating to neck and spine. 
C.-subscapula'ris, rhomboideus muscle of some lower 
animals, arising from posterior cervical ligament. C.- 
vagi'nal, relating to neck of uterus and vagina. C.- 
ves'ico-vagi'nal, relating to cervix uteri, bladder, 
and vagina; as cervico-vesico-vaginal fistula. 
215 
CHZEROPH YLLU M 
Cervicodynia, sur-ve-ko-din'e-ah (cemco, odune, 
pain). Pain in the neck; rheumatism of the neck. 
Cervispina, sur-ve-spe'nah (buckthorn). Rhamnus. 
Cervix, sur'viks. Neck, neck of uterus, etc. C. 
cor'nu, narrow portion of posterior cornu of medulla 
spinalis. C. cor'poris restifor'mis, narrowed portion 
of restiform body. C. cos'tse, neck of rib. C. den'tis, 
neck of tooth. C. fem'oris, neck of femur. C. glan'- 
dis, narrow portion of penis back of glans. C. ob- 
sti'pa, torticollis. C. pedunculo'rum, C. corporis 
restiformis. C. pe'nis, C. glandis. C. rig'ida, torti- 
collis. C. u'teri, neck of uterus. C. vesi'cse, neck of 
bladder. C. vesi'cse fel'lese, neck of gall-bladder. 
Cervus, sur'vus (stag). Horn of cervus elaphus. 
Hartshorn contains 27 parts of gelatin in the 100. 
Jelly made from shavings is emollient and nutritive. 
See Cornu cervi. Cornu ustum, burnt hartshorn, is a 
weak antacid. 
Cesa'rean. Caesarean. 
Cessatio mensium, ses-sa'she-o men'se-um. Amen- 
orrhea ; menopause. 
Cesto'da or Cesto'des. Order of parasitic worms. 
Taenia is an example. See Parasites and Worms. 
Ces'toid entozo'a. See Parasites and Entozoa. 
Cestron (ses'tron) or Ces'tros. Betonica officinalis; 
trocar. 
Oestrum auriculatum, ses'trum aw-rik-u-lat'um. 
Yerba santa; leaves of this shrub of Peru are used in 
fevers. C. hediun'dinum, shrub of Peru, emollient 
and astringent, applied to hemorrhoids. C. par'qui, 
Chilian plant; decoction of leaves is used for tinea. 
Ceta'ceous. Relating to spermaceti; like sperma- 
ceti. 
Cetaceum, set-ah'se-um (cetus, whale). Officinal in 
Ph. U. S. and Br. Spermaceti, Sperm. Inodorous, in- 
sipid, white, crystallized, friable, unctuous substance, 
obtained from physeter macrocephalus or spermaceti 
whale; demulcent and emollient, but mostly used in 
cerates and ointments. 
Ceterach (set'er-ak) officina'lis or officinarum, of- 
fis-in-ah'rum. Asplenium ceterach. 
Ce'tin. White substance resulting from crystalli- 
zation of spermaceti from boiling alcohol. 
Ceto'nia aura'ta. Beetle in Russia, used medici- 
nally. 
Cetraria islandica, set-rar'e-ah is-lan'dik-ah. Ce- 
traria (Ph. U. S. and Br.). Lichen islandicus. 
Cetraric acid, set-rar'ik as'id. Bitter acid, CisHieOs, 
in Cetraria islandica, to which its tonic properties are 
ascribed. 
Cetrar'in. CisHieOs. Bitter principle from Cetra- 
ria islandica; in white bitter crystals; employed in 
chlorosis, because thought to augment the number of 
blood-globules; also stimulates salivary, biliary, and 
pancreatic secretions, and hence used in chronic con- 
stipation. Dose, 14-3 grains. 
Cetyl, se'til. C16H33. Hypothetical radical of cetyl- 
alcohol, C16H34O, or cetyl hydrate, ethal; white crystal- 
line substance, soluble in ether and alcohol, resulting 
from saponification of spermaceti. 
Cevadic acid, sev-ad'ik as'id. C5H8O2. Acid ob- 
tained from cevadilla. 
Cevadilla, sev-ad-il'lah See Veratrum sabadilla. 
C. hispano'rum, Veratrum sabadilla. 
Cevadilline, sev-ad-il'leen. C34H53NO8. Alkaloid 
derived from cevadilla. 
Cevadine, sev'ad-een. C32H49NO9. Alkaloid from 
cevadilla. When saponified, Cevine, C27H43NO8, re- 
sults. 
Cevine, sev'een. See Cevadine. 
Ceylon', bad sick'ness of. Beriberi. C. card'- 
amom, product of variety of Elettaria cardamo- 
mum in Ceylon. C. cin'namon, bark of Cinnamomum 
Zeylanicum. C. moss, edible moss from Ceylon. 
Chabert's disease. Sympathetic anthrax, endemic 
disease of cattle. 
Chserefolium, ke-re-fo'le-um. Scandix cerefolium. 
Chseromania, ke-ro-man'e-ah (chairo, to be pleased). 
Gay form of insanity, called Amenomania. 
Chserophyllum, ke-ro-fil'lum (ehairo, to rejoice, 
phullon, leaf). Scandix cerefolium. C. angula'tum, CH/ETE 
C. sylvestre. C. anthris'cus, C. vulgaris. C. aro- 
mat'icum, musk chervil; diuretic. C. cerefo'lium, 
Scandix cerefolium. C. monog'ynum, C. sylvestre. 
C. odora'tum, sweet cicely; has aromatic smell of 
aniseed. C. sati'vum, scandix. C. sylves'tre, Bas- 
tard hemlock, Wild chervil, or Cow-weed; slightly fetid 
aromatic. C. tem'ulum, Chserophyllum sylvestre. C. 
verticilla'tum, C. sylvestre. 
Chsete, ke'te. Hair of the head. Capillus. 
Chsetosis, ke-to'sis (chaite, hair). Bristliness of 
the hair. 
Chafeweed. Gnaphalium. 
Chaff bone. Lower jaw. 
Cha'flng. Fret, gall of the skin. Red excoria- 
tions occurring in consequence of friction of parts- 
intertrigo-or between folds of the skin, especially 
in fat or neglected children. Washing with cold 
water and dusting with hair-powder is the best pre- 
ventive. 
Cha'gres fe'ver. Pernicious fever, malarial or 
yellow fever, of that locality. 
Chag'ual gum. Chilian gum from Pourretia lanu- 
ginosa. 
Chair, obstet'ric. Labor chair. C., whirI'ing, chair 
in which insane are placed, made to revolve with great 
rapidity, as a tamer in furious mania. 
Chairamine, chair'am-een. C22H26N2O4. Alkaloid 
from Remijia Purdiana bark. 
Chairomania, chair-o-man'e-ah. Chseromania. 
Chalacium, kal-ah'se-um. Chalazion. 
Chalasis (kal'as-sis) or Chalasmus, kal-az'mus 
(chalao, to relax). Relaxation; atony; separation 
of cornea from sclerotic; obstruction of pupil by iris. 
Chalasodermia, kal-as-o-dur'me-ah. Chalastoder- 
mia. 
Chalastic, kal-as'tik. Medicine for removing rig- 
idity of fibres. Emollient or relaxant; laxative. 
Chalastodermia (kal-as-to-dur'me-ah) or Chalaso- 
der'mia (chalastos, relaxed, derma, skin). Abnormal 
extension and relaxation of the skin. 
Chalaza (kal-az'ah), Chala'zion, Chala'zium, or 
Chalazo'sis (chalaza, hail). Tarsal tumor, tarsal or 
Meibomian cyst. Hard, round, transparent tumor, 
developed in different parts of the body, especially the 
eyelids. Cicatricula of egg, or more dense internal 
layer of albumen, which adheres to the yolk and is con- 
tinued, in spiral twisted bands, toward the extremities 
of the egg. 
Chalaziferous membrane, kal-az-if'er-us mem'- 
brane. In egg, membrane to which chalaza is con- 
nected. 
Chala'zion. Chalaza. Meibomian cyst. 
Chalazonephritis, kal - az - 0 - nef - re' tis. Kidney, 
Bright's disease of. 
Chalazosis, kal-az-o'sis. Chalaza. 
Chalcanthum, kal-kan'thum. Ink; see Atramen- 
tum; iron sulphate. C. al'bum, zinc sulphate. 
Chalcoideum, kal-ko-e'de-um (Os). Cuneiform 
bone. 
Chalice (chai'is) flower. Narcissus pseudonar- 
cissus. 
Chalicosis, kal-e-ko'sis (chalix, pebble). Deposit of 
dust in lung; stone-cutter's phthisis; fibroid phthisis; 
see Pneumoconiosis. 
Chalini, kal'in-e. See Lip. 
Chalinoplas'ty (chalinos, frsenum, plasso, to form). 
Operation for forming new frsenum; plastic operation 
on corner of mouth. 
Chalk, chawk. Creta. C. eat'ing, see Limosis. C. 
and gum band'age, form of immovable apparatus 
or bandage made by adding boiling water to equal 
parts of gum arabic and precipitated chalk. C. 
mix'ture, mistura cretse. C., precip'itated, Creta 
prsecipitata. C., prepared, Creta prseparata. C., 
red, Rubrica febrilis. C. stones, calculi, arthritic. 
Chalmoo'gra. Chaulmoogra. 
Chalybeate, kal-ib'e-at (chalups, iron or steel). Fer- 
ruginous, martial, ferrated; of or belonging to iron; 
containing iron, as chalybeate tonic. 
Chalybis rubigo, kal'ib-is ru-be'go (rust of steel). 
Ferri subcarbonas. 
216 
i CHAMXERAPHANUS 
Chalybocrenae, kal-ib-o-kra'ne (chalyps, krene, a 
spring). Waters, mineral (chalybeate). 
Chalybopegae, kal-ib-o-pa'ge (chalyps, pege, a spring). 
Waters, mineral (chalybeate). 
Chalyps, kal'ips (chalups, steel). Steel; protocar- 
buret of iron. As a medicine steel does not differ 
from iron. C. tartarizatus, ferrum tartarizatum. 
Chama, kam'ah. Yawning, gaping. 
Chamae, kam'e (chamai, on the ground). In com- 
position, on the ground. 
Chamseacte, kam-e-ak'te (chamee, akte, elder tree). 
Sambucus ebulus. 
Chamaebatos, kam-e'bat-os (chamee, batos, bramble). 
Fragaria. Eubus. 
Chamae cedrus, kam-e'sed-rus {chamie, kedros, cedar). 
Artemisia santonica. 
Chamaecissus, kam-e-sis'sus (c/tamae, kissos, ivy). 
Glechoma hederacea. 
Chamseclema, kam - e - klem' ah (chamx, klema, a 
shoot). Glechoma hederacea, Nepeta glechoma. C. 
hedera'cea, Glechoma hederacea. 
Chamaeconchus, kam-e-kon'kus. Having orbital 
index of 80° or less. 
Chamsecranius, kam-e-kran'e-us (chamie, cranium, 
skull). Term applied to skulls having ratio of length 
to height from 59.6 to 74.5. 
Chamaecyparissus, kam - e - sip - ar - is' sus (chamse, 
kuparissos, cypress). Artemisia santonica. 
Chamaedolichocephalous, kam-e-dol-ik-o-sef'al-us. 
Both chamaecephalous and dolichocephalous. 
Chamaedrops, kam-e/drops. Teucrium chamaedrys. 
Chamaedrys, kam-e'dris (chamie, drus, the oak). 
Eubus chamaemorus, Teucrium C., veronica. C. in- 
ca'na marit'ima, Teucrium marum. C. ma'rum, 
Teucrium marum. C. mi'nor re'pens, Teucrium C. 
C. officina'lis, Teucrium C. C. palus'tris, Teucrium 
scordium. C. scor'dium, Teucrium scordium. C. 
spu'ria, Veronica officinalis. C. vulga'ris, Teu- 
crium C. 
Chamaelaea, kam-e-le'ah (chamie, elaia, olive tree). 
Daphne alpina. 
Chamaelaeagnus, kam-e-le-ag'nus. Myrica gale. 
Chamaeleon album, kam-e'le-on al'bum (chamie, Icon, 
lion). Carlina acaulis; Atractylis gummifera. 
Chamaeleuce, kam-e-loo'se ,(chamae, leukos, white). 
Tussilago. 
Chamaelinum, kam-e'lin-um (chamae, linon, flax). 
Linum catharticum. 
Chamaelirin, kam-e'lir-in. Bitter glucoside from 
Chamaelirium luteum; cardiac depressant. 
Chamaelirion (kam-e-lir'e-on) or Chamaelirium lu- 
teum, kam-e-lir'e-um lu'te-um (chamae, leirion, lily). 
Devil's bit, Blazing star, Unicorn root; indigenous; 
remedial properties have been assigned to it in leucor- 
rhoea, amenorrhcea, and dysmenorrhoea. 
Chamaemelum, kam-e-me'lum (chamae, melon, apple). 
Anthemis nobilis. C. chrysanthemum, Leucanthe- 
mum vulgare, C. foet'idum, Anthemis cotula. C. 
no'bile, Anthemis nobilis. C. odora'tum, Anthemis 
nobilis. C. vulga're, Matricaria chamomilla. 
Chamaemesocephalous, kam - e - mes - o - sef' al - us. 
Being both chamaecephalous and mesocephalous. 
Chamaemorus, kam-e'mor-us (chamie, morea, mul- 
berry tree). Teucrium chamaepitys, Eubus chamae- 
morus. C. Norweg'ica, Eubus chamaemorus. 
Chamaeopisthius, kam-e-o-pis'the-us (chamae, opis- 
thios, behind). Term applied to skulls having angle 
of 17° to 24.5° formed between line from hormion to 
lambda and radius fixus. 
Chamaepeuce, kam-e-pu'se (chamie, peuke, pine). 
Camphorosma monspeliaca. 
Chamaepitys, kam-e'pit-is (chamae, pitus, pine). 
Teucrium chamaepitys. C. anthyl'lus, Teucrium iva, 
Ajuga iva. C. Monspeliaca or moscha'ta, Teucrium 
iva, Ajuga iva. 
Chamaeplion, kam-e'ple-on. Erysimum; sissym- 
brium. 
Chamaeprosopic, kam-e-pros-o'pik (chamie, prosopon, 
face). Having a low face. 
Chamaerhaphanus, kam-e-raf'an-us (chamie, rhapha- 
nis, radish). Upper part of root of apium. CHAMXEROPS 
Chamserops serratula, kam-e'rops ser-rat'u-lah 
(chanwe, rops, shrub). Saw palmetto; farina is pre- 
pared from the roots. 
Chamber, chame'bur. Term used in speaking of 
the eye, in which are two chambers, anterior and 
posterior. The anterior is the space between the cor- 
nea and anterior part of iris; posterior was formerly 
described as the space between the iris and anterior 
surface of crystalline; but the only space to be called 
the posterior chamber is a narrow chink between the 
peripheral part of the iris, the suspensory ligament, 
and the ciliary processes. They are filled with aque- 
ous humor, and communicate by the opening of the 
pupil. C., larynge'al, cavity of larynx. 
Chamomile, kam'o-mile. Anthemisnobilis. C., dog's, 
Anthemis cotula, Matricaria chamomilla. C., dy'er's, 
Anthemis tinctoria. C., Eng'lish, Anthemis nobilis. 
C. flow'ers, Anthemis nobilis. C., Ger'man, Matri- 
caria chamomilla. C., Ro'man, C., Scotch, Anthemis 
nobilis. C., Span'ish, Anthemis pyrethrum. C., 
stlnk'ing, Anthemis'cotula. C. tea, Infusum anthe- 
midis. C., wild, Anthemis cotula, Matricaria gla- 
bra ta. 
Chamomilla, kam-o-mil'lah. Chamomile, Anthemis 
nobilis. C. fcet'ida, Anthemis cotula. C. ma'jor or 
nozbilis, Anthemis nobilis. C. nos'tras, Matricaria 
chamomilla. C. offlcina'lis or offlcina'rum, Matri- 
caria chamomilla. C. Roma'na, Anthemis nobilis. 
C. silves'tris or vulga'ris, Matricaria chamomilla. 
C. spu'ria, Anthemis cotula. C. vulga'ris, matri- 
caria. 
Champooing, sham-poo'ing. Shampooing. 
Chance'bone. Ischion. 
Chancela'gua. Canchalagua. 
Chancre, shank'er (from cancer). Shariker. Sore aris- 
ing from direct application of venereal virus; hence 
almost always seated, in men, on the penis. Term 
now applied to syphilitic chancre, the initial lesion 
of syphilis; while the simple non-infecting sore is 
now called a chancroid. The following table shows 
the situation of chancres and of the enlarged glands 
in relation with them (Culver and Hayden): 
The Locations of Chancre. 
217 
CHARDONIN 
reum durum or syphiliticum; soft - non-indurated, 
ulcus venereum molle. Mixed chancre is one ex- 
isting in an individual who has at the same time 
gonorrhoea, soft chancre, and syphilis. Serpiginous 
chancre is a venereal or phagedenic sore, extending 
from several points, in form of portions of circles. 
The French use the word chancre, in popular lan- 
guage, for cancerous ulcers, malignant aphthae of 
children, etc. Formerly the terms caroli and caries 
pudendorum were used for venereal pustules or sores 
on the parts of generation. See Syphilis. 
Concealed or masked chancre is one situate in the 
urethra or vagina or os uteri, and supposed to give 
occasion to gonorrhoea virulenta. The term chancre 
is also applied to corroding ulcer, tartar of teeth, car- 
buncle of tongue in animals, ulcer of mucous mem- 
brane of nose. 
Chancre, concealed. See Chancre. C., hard, see 
Chancre. C., Hunter'ian, see Chancre. C., in'durat- 
ed, see Chancre. C., infect'ing, see Chancre. C., 
masked, see Chancre. C., mixed, see Chancre. C., 
phageden'ic, erosive chancroid with a tendency to 
extend; see Phagedenic. C., serpig'inous, a variety of 
phragedenic chancre which appears to creep around 
in curved lines; see Chancre. C., soft, see Chancre. 
Chancroid, shan'kroid {chancre, eidos, resemblance). 
Soft, suppurating ulcer. (For the differential charac- 
teristics of chancroid and chancre, see Chancre.) C., 
diphtherit'ic, a chancroid incrusted with lymph. 
Chancroid'al. Relating to chancroid. C. bu'bo, 
local chancroidal ulcer of the groin, present in about 
one-third of the cases of chancroidal disease. C. ul/- 
cer, chancroid. 
Chancrous, shan'krus. Resembling or relating to 
chancre. 
Change of life. Period of life when the menses 
cease; see Menopause and Menses. 
Channel, chan'el. Canal. C., jug'ular, space for 
jugular vein between levator humeri and sterno- 
maxillaris muscles in lower animals. C., lymph, 
lymph sinus. C., lymphatic or plasmat'ic, serous 
canaliculi; see Canaliculi. 
Channelled. Canaliculate. 
Chantran'sia rivula'ris. Species of algae in Euro- 
pean rivers, used for asthma and tuberculosis, and 
applied externally to wounds, fractures, burns, etc. 
Chap. Superficial abrasion of the skin, the process 
being called chapping ; see Phagades. The jaw. 
Character, kar'ak-tur (mark or impression). In 
pathology, stamp or appearance; special nature or 
history of a disease; that which distinguishes one 
individual from another as regards his understand- 
ing and passions. See Symbol. 
Charantia, kar-an'she-ah. Momordica elaterium. 
Char'as. Churrus. 
Charbon (F., charbon). Gangrenous swelling; car- 
buncle ; anthrax. 
Charcoal, char'kole. Carbo, carbo ligni. C., ani- 
mal, carbo animalis. C., blood, animal charcoal de- 
rived from carbonizing dried blood with carbonate of 
potassium, and washing product with water. C., bone, 
charcoal from bones of animals. C. poul'tice, cata- 
plasma carbonis. C. res'pirator, see Respirator. C., 
vegetable, see Carbo. 
Charcot's (shar'ko's) arthrop'athy. C.'s disease. 
C.'s crystals, Charcot-Ley'den crystals, or Char- 
cot-Neu'mann crystals, crystals of phosphoric acid 
and albuminous matter detected in sputum of asth- 
matic patients, in phthisis and fibrinous and acute 
bronchitis, in the spleen and other parts, and in 
semen-phosphate of spermine-in leucaemia, etc. 
C.'s disease, sclerosis of spinal cord occurring in scat- 
tered patches; lateral amyotrophic sclerosis. Term 
also applied to an affection of the joints, Charcot's 
arthropathy or joint disease, especially of the knee-joint, 
tabetic arthropathy; in locomotor ataxy, ataxic ar- 
thropathy. C.-Robin crystals, crystals forming in 
the blood from a leucaemic patient if allowed to stand 
a few days. 
Chardonin, char'don-in. Bitter substance of Car- 
duus benedictus. 
Chancres of the genital or- 
gans, of the integument in 
their immediate neighbor- 
hood, or of the anus. 
Inguinal glands. 
Chancres of the lips and chin. Submaxillary glands. 
Chancres of the tongue. Subhyoid glands. 
Chancres of the eyelids. Pre-auricular glands. 
Chancres of the fingers. Epitrochlear and axillary 
glands. 
Chancres of the arm and breast. Axillary glands. 
The following characteristics distinguish chancre 
from chancroid: 
Differential Diagnosis of Chancre and Chancroid. 
Chancre. 
Has a period of incubation; 
generally two to three 
weeks. 
Is usually single. 
Looks like superficial erosion. 
The edges are sloping. 
The floor is smooth, red or 
copper-colored. 
The secretion is serous and 
rather scanty. 
The induration is cartilag- 
inous and sharply limited. 
The neighboring lymphatic 
glands are indurated, pain- 
less, freely movable beneath 
the skin, not matted to- 
gether, and rarely suppu- 
rate. 
Chancroid. 
Has ho period of incubation. 
Is usually multiple. 
Is "punched out" and exca- 
vated in appearance. 
The edges are undermined. 
The floor is uneven and 
"worm-eaten." 
The secretion is purulent, co- 
pious, and auto-inoculable. 
There is no induration, but 
the sore may be surrounded 
by a zone of oedematous in- 
infiltration, not sharply 
limited. 
If the neighboring lymphatic 
glands are involved, they 
form an inflamed, painful 
mass, which usually sup- 
purates; the skin becomes 
red, tender, and hot. 
Chancres have been classified into two varieties: 
hard - indurated, Hunterian, infecting, ulcus vene- CHARISTOLOCHIA 
Charistolochia, kar-is-to-lok'e-ah. Artemisia vul- 
garis. 
Charlatan, shar'lat-an ([I.] ciarlare, to talk much). 
Circulator, quack, empirical pretender, empiric. Orig- 
inally, itinerant vender of a medicine, to which he 
attributed marvellous properties. By extension, any 
one who endeavors to deceive the public by passing 
himself otf as more skilful than he really is. 
Charlatanry, shar'lat-an-re. Conduct or action of 
a charlatan; quackery, empiricism. 
Charlock, char'lok. Sinapis arvensis. 
Charm (carmen, verse, because charms often con- 
sisted of verses). Trick, spell, enchantment. Sort of 
magic or superstitious practice, consisting of words, 
characters, etc., by which it was believed individuals 
might be struck with sickness or death, or be restored 
to health. 
Charpie, shar-pe' ([L.] carpo, to pluck). Linteum. 
Charta, char'tab (paper). Paper medicated for 
therapeutic purposes. C. antiarthrit'ica, gout paper. 
C. antirheumat'ica, gout paper. C. arsenica'lis, ar- 
senical cigarettes. C. atropisa'ta, fine paper contain- 
ing solution of sulphate of atropia, to place on the eye- 
lid, just as C. calabar'ica, paper similarly treated with 
extract of physostigma, is used. C. canthar'idis (Ph. 
U. S.), cantharides or blistering paper, made of ol. 
oliva;., terebinthina canadensis, cantharides pulv., 
water; intended as a convenient substitute for com- 
mon blistering plaster. C. cera'ta, fine paper coated 
with thin layer of wax. C. epispas'tica (Ph. Br.), 
C. cantharidis. C. nitra'ta or C. potas'sii nitra'tis 
(Ph. U. S.), paper with potassium nitrate, which is 
burnt for p-elief of asthma. C. resino'sa, C. anti- 
rheumatica. C. sina'pis (Ph. U. S. and Br.) or sina- 
pisa'ta, mustard paper (made of sinapis nigra and 
liquor guttee perchse, on stiff paper, four inches square, 
and dry). This is intended as a substitute for 
mustard plaster. Before application to the skin the 
mustard paper must be dipped for about fifteen sec- 
onds in warm water. C. vesicato'ria, see Sparadra- 
pum vesicatorium. C. virgin'ea, amnion. 
Chartaceous, char-ta'she-us. Paper-like. 
Chartse, char'ta. Class of preparations officinal in 
the British and U. S. Pharmacopoeias, for convenience 
of external application. See Charta cantharidis, etc. 
Chartazinc, char'ta-zink. Tissue-paper impreg- 
nated with zinc oleate. 
Chartreuse (shar-truse'), liqueur de. Celebrated 
cordial elixir; see Arquebusade, eau d'. 
Chartula, chart'u-lah. Small paper; paper in which 
medicine is enclosed. 
Chasch/isch. See Cannabis. 
Chasme, kas'me. Yawning; spasm of the respira- 
tory muscle. 
Chas'saignac's drain'age tube. Tube of small 
calibre with numerous perforations near one end. 
C.'s operation, operation for excision of the shoulder- 
joint, in which the biceps tendon is not divided. 
Chaste'tree. Vitex. 
Chaudepisse, shode-peese ([F.] chaud, hot, pisser, to 
pass water). Gonorrhoea. 
Chaule. Maxillary bone. 
Chaulmoogra (chawl-moo'grah) or Chaulmu'gra. 
Fruit of Gynocardia odorata, chaulmoogra, ord. Cap- 
paridese, of India. Bland fixed oil is obtained by 
expressing the dried seed, which is used by the 
natives in leprosy. Seed are given internally, in 
the dose of about 3SS in the day, and the eruption 
is rubbed with the oil. The oil is also used exter- 
nally in psoriasis and internally in consumption, 
scrofula, rheumatism, and syphilis. Gynocardic acid 
is the active' principle. 
Chaussier's (sho'se-a's) tube. Tube resembling a 
catheter in shape, employed in artificial respiration 
of children. 
Cha'vel. Maxillary bone. 
Chavica (chav'ik-ah) betle. Betel. C. officina'- 
rum, Piper officinarum. C. Roxburgh'!!, Piper lon- 
gum. 
Chavicic acid, chav-is'ik as'id. Acid obtained from 
chavicine. 
218 
CHEIR 
Chavicine, chav'is-een. Alkaloid of pepper. 
Chaw'bone. Maxillary bone. 
Chaw'ing (Sax. ceopan; G. fcawen, to chew). Masti- 
cation. 
Check lig'aments. Odontoid ligaments. 
Check'en. Cheken. 
Checkerberry, chek'er-ber-re Arbutus uva ursi; 
Mitchella repens. 
Cheek (A. Sax. ceac) (gena). Sides of the face. 
C. bone, malar bone. C. teeth, molar teeth. 
Cheese (A. Sax. cyse). Au aliment prepared from 
caseous and oleaginous parts of milk. Fresh cheeses 
owe their chief medical properties to the im- 
mediate principle, essentially cheesy, to which the 
name caseum or casein has been applied. Those re- 
cently salted are digested with comparative facility. 
The flavor of cheese is owing to an ammoniacal case- 
ate. Cheese itself is not easy of digestion, although 
it may stimulate the stomach to greater exertion, and 
thus aid the digestion of other substances. C. bacil'- 
lus, spirillum tyrogenum; tyrotoxicon. C., cottage, 
Pot cheese, a cheese always eaten perfectly fresh; see 
Cheese. C., poison, a poison generated by micro- 
organisms ; see Ptomaines and Tyrotoxicon. C., pot, see 
Cheese. C. ren'net, Galium verum. C., smear'case 
(G. schmierkase), preparation of curds used as food. 
Cheese'lope (A. Sax. cerelob, curdled milk). Een- 
net. 
Chee'sy. Having the nature of cheese. C. de- 
generation, somatic cheese-like metamorphosis. See 
Degeneration. 
Cheilalgia, kile-al'je-ah (cheilo, algos, pain). Pain 
in the lip. 
Cheilitis, kile-e'tis (cheilo, itis, denoting inflamma- 
tion). Inflammation of the lip. 
Cheilo, kile'o (cheilos, lip). In composition, lip. 
Cheiloangioscopy, kile-o-an-je-os'ko-pe (cheilo, an- 
geion, blood-vessel, skopeo, to examine). Microscopic 
examination of the circulation of the lips. 
Cheilocace, kile-ok'as-e (cheilo, kakos, evil). Disease 
characterized by swelling, induration, and slight red- 
ness of the lips without inflammation; also the thick- 
ness of the upper lip of scrofulous children. See Sto- 
macace and Cancer aquaticus. 
Cheilocarcinoma (kile-o-kar-sin-o'mah) or Chileo- 
carcinotna. Cancer of the lip. 
Cheilodiseresis, kile-o-de-a're-sis (cheilo, diairesis, 
partition). Hare-lip. 
Cheilogenioschesis, kile-o-jen-e-os'kis-is. Fissure 
of the lip and alveolar process. 
Cheilomalacia, kile-o-mal-ah'she-ah (cheilo, malakos, 
soft). Cancer aquaticus; stomacace. 
Cheilon, kile'on. Inflammatory swelling of the 
lips; one who has a thick lip. 
Cheiloncus, kile-on'kus (cheilo, onkos, swelling). 
Cheilophyma; swelling of the lip. 
Cheilophyma, kile-o-fe'mah (cheilo, phuma, tumor). 
Cheiloncus. 
Cheiloplastice, kile-o-plas'tis-e (cheilo, plastikos, 
forming). Operation for an artificial lip. 
Cheiloplasty, kile'o-plas-te. Cheiloplastice. 
Cheilopom'pholyx. Dysidrosis Disease of the 
sweat-glands of the hands and feet; vesicular and 
bullar skin disease. 
Cheilorrhagia, kile-or-rhah'je-ah (cheilo, rhegnumi, 
to break forth). Hemorrhage of the lips. 
Cheilos, kile'os (cheilo, lip). Lip. 
Cheiloschisis, kile-os'kis-is (cheilo, schisis, a split- 
ting). Hare-lip. 
Cheilo stomatoplasty, kite - o - sto' mah - to - plas - te 
(stoma, mouth, plasso, to form). Plastic operation for 
forming the mouth after removal of the lower lip. 
Cheilosyncleisis, kile-o-sin-kli'sis (cheilo, sun, to- 
gether, klino, to incline). Congenital adhesion of 
the labia majora; otherwise named cellular atresia 
of the vulva. 
Cheima, ki'mah. Cold. 
Cheimetlon, ki-met'lon (cheima, winter, tlao, to suf- 
fer). Chilblain. 
Cheimia, ki'me-ah (cheimie, wintry cold). Eigor. 
Cheir, kire (hand). Manus. See Chir. CHEIRAGRA 
Cheiragra, kire'ag-rah (agra, seizure). Chiragra. 
Clieirantlius cheiri, kire-an'thus ki're (c/teir, hand, 
anthos, flower). Systematic name of the common yel- 
low wall-flower; flowers have been esteemed nervine, 
narcotic, and deobstruent. 
Cheirapsia, kire-ap'se-ah (clieir, hapto, to touch). 
The action of rubbing or scratching; troublesome 
symptom in the itch. 
Cheirarthrocace, kire-ar-throk'as-e (c/ieir, arthron, 
j oint, kakia, evil). Inflammation of articular surfaces 
of wrist. 
Cheiriater, kire'e-ah-tur (c/ieir, iatros, physician). 
Surgeon. 
Cheirisma (kire'iz-mah), Cheiris'mus, or Cheiris'- 
mos. Any manual operation. 
Cheirixis, kire-iks'is. Surgery. 
Cheiroplethes, kire-o-pla'thes (cheir, pletho, to fill). 
Fasciculus. 
Cheiropompholyx, kire-o-pom'fol-iks (c/teir, hand, 
pompholux, small vesicle). Bullous eruption on the 
hands and feet. Dysidrosis. 
Cheiropterygium, kire-o-ter-ij'e-um (cAeir, pteru- 
gion, little wing). The typical five-fingered limb. 
Cheirosls, kire-o'sis (cheiroo, to subdue). Subactio. 
Cheirostemon platanoides, kire-o-stem'on plat-an- 
o-i'dees. Mexican plant; hand-flower tree. 
Chekanine, chek'an-een. Volatile alkaloid ob- 
tained from leaves of Myrtus cheken. 
Chek'en, Chek'an. Leaves and root of Chilian 
Myrtus chekan, used in catarrh of mucous mem- 
branes ; diuretic and expectorant. 
Chela, ke'lah (chele, claw, hoof, etc.). This word 
has several significations. Chela, a forked probe 
used for extracting polypi from the nose. C helve, 
chaps or cracks on the feet, organs of generation, 
etc. C helve likewise means claws, especially those of 
the crab ; see C'ancrorwm chelve. 
Chelse (ke'le) palpebra'rum. See Tarsus. 
Chelapa, kel-ah'pah. Convolvulus jalapa. 
Chele, ke'le. Chela. 
Chelerythrine, kel-er'ith-reen. Alkaloid of cheli- 
donium. 
Chelidon, kel'id-on (ehelidon, the swallow). Hollow 
at the bend of the arm. 
Chelidonia rotundifolia (kel-id-o'ne-ah ro-tun-de- 
fo'le-ah) minor (chelidon, the swallow). So called be- 
cause its flowering coincides with the return of the 
swallow; Ranunculus ficaria. 
Chelidonine, kel-id'on-een. Alkaloid of Chelido- 
nium majus. 
Chelidonium, kel-id-o'ne-um. Bryonia alba. C. 
diphyl'lum, Stylophorum diphyllum. C. hsemato'des, 
C. majus. C. ma'jus, ord. Papaveracese. Chelidonium 
(Ph. U. S.); celandine; root and recent plant have 
been considered aperient and diuretic; externally, 
the juice has been employed in cutaneous diseases. 
C. mi'nus, Ranunculus ficaria. 
Chelis, ke'lis. Kelis. 
Chelold, ke'loid (chelus, tortoise, eidos, resemblance). 
Cancroid; keloid. 
Cheloides, kel-o-e'des. Keloid. 
Chelois, kel'o-is. See Cancroid. 
Cheloma, kel-o'mah. Keloid. 
Chelone, kel-o'ne. Instrument for extending a 
limb; so called because in its slow motions it re- 
sembles a tortoise; see Testudo. C. glab'ra, Common 
Snakehead, Turtlehead, Turtlebloom, Shellflower, Bal- 
mony. Indigenous plant, blossoming from July to 
November; leaves are bitter and tonic; without any 
aromatic smell, and with very little astringency. 
Chelonla mydas, kel-o'ne-ah me'das. Green turtle. 
This species of turtle abounds on the coast of Florida. 
It is the one so prized by the epicure. 
Chelonion (kel-o'ne-on) or Chelo'nium (chelone, tor- 
toise). Upper, gibbous part of the back, so called 
from its resembling in shape the shell of the tor- 
toise. Scapula. 
Chelonophagi, kel-o-nof'ah-je (chelone, tortoise, 
phago, to eat). Ancient name for certain tribes who 
dwelt on the coast of the Red Sea, and who lived only 
on tortoises. 
219 
CHEMISTRY 
Cheltenham salts. Sometimes made from the 
waters; at others factitiously, in imitation of the 
celebrated purgative Cheltenham waters of England. 
Chelys, ke'lis. Thorax. 
Chelyscion, kel-is'se-on {chelus, thorax). Short dry 
cough. 
Cheme, ke'me. Ancient measure equivalent to 
about two teaspoonfuls. 
Chemeia or Chemeutice, kem-u'tis-e. Chemistry. 
Chemia, kem-e'ah. Chemistry. C. organ'ica, chem- 
istry, organic. C. pharmaceu'tica, see Chemistry. 
Chemiater, kem-e'ah-tur (chemia, iatros, physician). 
Chemical physician. 
Chemiatria (kem-e-ah-tre'ah) or Chimiatri'a {che- 
mia, iatreia). The art of curing by chemical means. 
Chemiatrus, kem-e-ah'trus. Chemical physician. 
Chem'iatry. Medical practice based on the idea 
that diseases must be treated on chemical principles. 
Chem'ic or Chemical, kem'ik-al. Relating to chem- 
istry. C. equation, symbolic statement of a given 
reaction. C. food, see Ferri phosphas. C. med'icine, 
medicine formed by the aid of chemistry, in contra- 
distinction to Galenical medicine. 
Chemicohistology, kem-ik-o-his-tol'o-je. Doctrine 
of organic chemistry and morphology of tissues. 
Chemicophanta, kem-ik-o-fan'tah {chemia, phaino, 
to manifest). Chemist. 
Chem'icus. Chemical, chemist. 
Chemism, kem'izm. Abuse of chemistry in its 
application to the science of organized bodies. By 
some used synonymously with Chemiatria. Also, the 
aggregate of chemical actions appertaining to a 
function, as chemism of respiration. 
Chemist, kem'ist. One acquainted with chemistry. 
In Great Britain, and occasionally in the United 
States, it has also the signification of " one who sells 
chemicals." 
Chemistry, kem'is-tre {chumos, juice, or from Arab. 
chema, secret). Chymistry. Branch of the natural sci- 
ences whose object is to investigate the nature and 
properties of bodies, simple and compound, inorganic 
and organized, and to study the force or power by 
virtue of which every combination is effected. It 
investigates the action between the integrant mole- 
cules or atoms of bodies. 
Organic chemistry, Chemia organica, Organochemia, is 
the chemistry of organized substances, animal and 
vegetable. Animal chemistry, Zoochemy or Zobchymy, 
Zobchemia, is the chemistry of substances afforded by 
the dead or living animal body. This branch of 
chemistry has been further subdivided into physio- 
logical, when it considers the changes produced in 
organized bodies in health; pathological, when it re- 
gards those produced by organic or other diseases. 
Anthropochymy, Anthropochemia, is the chemistry of 
the human body. Chemistry is called Therapeutical 
or Pharmaceutical, Pharmacochymia, Chemia pharma- 
ceutica, when it is engaged in the analysis of simple 
medicines; in improving the prescribing and prepar- 
ing of chemical and Galenical medicines; in the 
means of preparing them and detecting adultera- 
tions, etc. Hygienic chemistry is that which is applied 
to the means of rendering habitations healthy, of 
analyzing the air we breathe, preventing the occur- 
rence of disease, pointing out healthy aliments, and 
appreciating the influence of professions, etc. on the 
health of man. All these different subdivisions, with 
vegetable chemistry, Phytochemistry, are, at times, in- 
cluded under the head of Medical chemistry; at others, 
the term comprehends only the animal, vegetable, and 
pharmaceutical subdivisions. Vital chemistry, Bioche- 
mia, is that which is exerted under the influence of 
vitality. Histochemy, Histochemia, Histochemistry, is 
the chemistry of the tissues, and Phlegmatochemy that 
of the animal humors. 
A knowledge of chemistry is of great importance 
to the physician. Many of the functions are of a 
chemical nature; many diseases require a chemical 
mode of treatment; and, without an acquaintance 
with it, two or more substances might be given in 
combination which, by forming a chemical union, CHEMISTRY 
might give rise to other compounds possessing very 
different virtues from the components taken singly, 
and thus the prescriber be disappointed in the results. 
Chemistry, analytical, chemistry applied to analy- 
sis of organic or inorganic bodies, especially the for- 
mer. C., animal, see Chemistry. C., hygienic, see 
Chemistry. C., inorganic, chemistry of substances not 
endowed with properties or characteristics of organ- 
ized bodies. C., medical, see Chemistry. C., organic, 
see Chemistry. C., pharmaceutic, see Chemistry. C., 
therapeutical, see Chemistry. C., vegetable, see 
Chemistry. C., vi'tal, see Chemistry. 
Chemolysis, kem-ol'is-is {chemeia, chemistry, luo, to 
loosen). Decomposition of organic bodies by inor- 
ganic agents. 
Chemolytic, kem-o-lit'ik. Eelating to chemolysis. 
Chemosis, kem-o'sis {cheme, aperture, or rather, per- 
haps, from chumos, humor). Chymosis. Name given 
to ophthalmia when the conjunctiva surrounding the 
cornea forms a high ring, making the cornea seem, as 
it were, at the bottom of a well; by some, used syn- 
onymously with ophthalmia membranarum. It is, essen- 
tially, oedema of the subconjunctival areolar tissue. 
See Ophthalmia. 
Chemotactic (kem-o-tak'tic) ac'tion (chemeia, chem- 
istry, taxis, order). Chemotaxis. 
Chemotax'is, kem-o-taks'is (same etymon). The 
property possessed by certain chemical agents of at- 
tracting leucocytes. 
Chemotice, kem-ot'is-e. Chemistry. 
Chemoticus, kem-ot'ik-us. Chemical. 
Chenoboscon, chen-o-bos'kon (chen, goose, boske, 
food). Potentilla anserina. 
Chenocholalic (chen-o-kol-al'ik) or Chenocholic 
(chen-o-kol'ik) ac'id (chen, goose, chole, bile). Acid de- 
rived from goose-bile. 
Chenopodium album, chen-o-po'de-um al'bum (chen, 
goose, pous, foot). Lambsquarters. Ord. Chenopo- 
diacese. Common garden vegetable in the United 
States; antiscorbutic. C. ambrosi'acum, C. ambrosi- 
oides. C. ambrosioi'des, Mexican or Spanish tea; in- 
fusion was once drunk as tea; has been given in par- 
alytic cases, and in the United States is used as 
an anthelmintic indiscriminately with C. anthel- 
minticum, as it is at Eio Janeiro, where it is called 
Herva de Santa Maria; in Portugal, Herva formigueira, 
and at the Azores, Uzaidella. C. anthelmin'ticum, 
Wormseed, Worm goosefoot, Wormseed goosefoot, Jeru- 
salem oak of America, Goosefoot, Stinkweed. This plant 
grows plentifully in the United States; fruit (Chenopo- 
dium, Ph. U. S.) is much used as a vermifuge ; the oil, 
oleum chenopodii (Ph. U. S.), in dose of 8 to 10 drops, 
is more frequently exhibited. C. bo'nus Henri'cus, 
English Mercury, Allgood, Angular-leaved goosefoot, Mer- 
cury goosefoot, Good King Henry. Leaves are emol- 
lient ,and have been applied to ulcers, etc.; considered 
refrigerant and eccoprotic. C. bo'trys, Jerusalem 
oak (Eng.), possesses anthelmintic properties. C. foe'- 
tidum, Chenopodium vulvaria. C. ol'idum, C. vul- 
varia. C. qui'noa, quinua, nutritious, wholesome, and 
agreeable article of food with the Peruvians; the 
leaves, before the plant attains maturity, are eaten 
as spinach; the seeds are used as food. C. sagit- 
ta'tum, C. bonus Henricus. C. suffructico'sum, C. 
ambrosioides. C. vulva'ria, stinking orache or goose- 
foot ; the fetid smell has occasioned it to be used as 
an antispasmodic and nervine. 
Chenotaurocholic acid, chen-o-taw-rok'ol-ik as'id 
(chen, goose, tauros, bull, chole, bile). Acid derived 
from goose-bile. Chenocholalic acid. 
Cheopina, che-o-pe'nah. Chopine. 
Cheoplastic, che-o-plas'tik (cheo, to pour, plastikos, 
formative). Applied to a process for mounting arti- 
ficial teeth, consisting in pouring an alloy of metals 
into a properly prepared matrix. 
Che'quen. See Chekan. 
Chequerberry, chek'ur-ber-re. Gaultheria. See 
Checkerberry. 
Cheragra, cher'ah-grah. Chiragra. 
Cheramis, cher'am-is. Cheme. 
Cherbachem. Veratrum album. 
220 
CHICKEN-BREASTED 
Cherbas. Lactuca. 
Chernies, kur'mes. Kermes. C., min'eral, anti- 
monii sulphuretum prsecipitatum and A. sulphuretum 
rubrum. 
Chernibium, chur-nib'e-um. Urinal. 
Cherry, cher're. See Prunus cerasus. C., bird, Pru- 
nus padus. C., choke, Prunus Virginiana. C., ground, 
Physalis viscosa. C. lau'rel, Prunus laurocerasus; 
the distilled leaves yield hydrocyanic acid and a 
volatile oil; it is used diluted to 0.05 per cent, of 
hydrocyanic acid; see Prunus laurocerasus. C.-l. 
wa'ter, aqua laurocerasi; see Prunus laurocerasus. C. 
tree, black, Prunus avium. C. t., red, Prunus cera- 
sus. C. t., wild, Prunus Virginiana. C. water, 
kirschwasser. C., wild clus'ter, Prunus padus. C., 
win'ter, Physalis. 
Chers ae, kuPse. Feces. 
Chervil, chur'vil. Scandix cerefolium. C., wild, 
Chserophyllum sylvestre. 
Chesis, ke'sis {chezo, to go to stool). Frequent de- 
sire to evacuate the bowels. 
Chest {kiste, wicker basket). Thorax. C., bar'rel- 
shaped, peculiar formation of chest existing in chronic 
empyema, in which the chest resembles a barrel in 
shape, and moves up and down during respiration as 
if consisting of one piece; lateral expansion is ab- 
sent. C. ex'plorator, see Explorator, chest. C. meas'- 
urer, stethometer. C. measurer, Sib'son's, an instru- 
ment described by Dr. Sibson, which is used for de- 
termining the mobility of the chest. It is a species 
of spring which, when applied to the parietes of the 
chest, measures the modifications of its diameters, 
and indicates by the motion of the index hand on a 
dial any movement of respiration to the hundredth 
of an inch. C., nar'row, see Lordosis. 
Chest'nut. Castanea nux. C., horse, JEsculus hip- 
pocastanum. C. oak, Quercus prinus; bark possesses 
marked astringent properties. C. tree, Fagus Cas- 
tanea. 
Chewing. Mastication. 
Chew-stick, chu'stik. Gonania Domingensis; so 
named because employed as a masticatory and den- 
trifice. 
Cheyletes scabiei, ki-la'tees scab'e-a-e. Itch mite. 
Cheyne-Stokes respira'tion, called also Cheyne- 
Stokes gasp or Tidal-wave breathing. A form of 
dyspnoea, consisting of inspirations becoming shorter, 
deeper, and more labored until temporarily suspended, 
and then resumed with the same succession. An 
alarming symptom, especially of heart affection, 
aortic disease, etc., and from cutting off of supply of 
arterial blood from the brain or respiratory centre in 
the medulla. 
Chezanance, kez-an-an'se {chezo, to go to stool, 
ananke, necessity). Ointment composed of honey and 
alum, and rubbed on the anus to occasion evacuations. 
Chia (ke'ah), Chia-terra {Chios, the island whence 
obtained). A kind of white earth. C. seed, fruit of 
Salvia Chian and S. columbariee. 
Chiacum collyrium, ke'ak-um kol-lir'e-um. Col- 
lyrium consisting of several drugs and Chian wine. 
Chiadus, ke'ad-us. Furunculus. 
Chian turpentine, ki'an tur'pen-tine. Turpentine 
obtained from bark of Pistacia terebinthinus. 
Chiasm, ki'azm (chiazo, to mark like the letter X ). 
Crucial union of parts, as the optic commissure or 
chiasm of the optic nerves. 
Chiaster, ke-as'tur {chiazo, to mark with the letter 
X). Ancient figure-of-8 bandage for fracture of the 
patella. 
Chiastometer, ke-as-tom'et-ur {chiastos, crosswise, 
metreo, to measure). Instrument for measuring the 
distance between the eyes. 
Chiastus, ke-as'tus {chiastos). Bandage, so called 
because it resembles the letter X. 
Chi''cha. Drink made in Peru with Indian meal 
dried in the sun and fermented with water, or from 
rice, peas, barley, etc. 
Chicken-breasted, chick'en-brest'ed. Projection of 
sternum caused by forward curvature of vertebral 
column. CHICKEN-BROTH i 
Chick'en-broth. When chicken-tea is boiled down 
one-half, with the addition of a little parsley or 
celery, and the yolk of an egg previously beaten up 
in two ounces of soft water, it forms a soup much 
relished by the convalescent. 
Chicken cholera, chick'en kol'e-rah. Cholera of 
barnyard fowls. See Bacillus choleras gallinarum. C. 
grapes, fruit of Vitis cordifolia. C. pep'per, Ranun- 
culus abortivus. 
Chick'en-pox. Varicella. 
Chick'en-tea. Chicken-water. A mildly nutritious 
broth used in convalescence where the lightest animal 
diet is indicated. 
Chickenwort, chick'en-wurt. Alsine media. 
Chick'weed. Alsine media, Anagallis arvensis. C., 
wa'ter, Callitriche verna. 
Chic'ory (chichore). Cichorium intybus; tonic and 
stimulant; used to adulterate coffee, or, according to 
some, to improve its taste by admixture with it. 
Chi'cot. Seeds of Gymnocladus Canadensis, Ken- 
tucky coffee-bean, used as substitue for coffee. 
Chig'go, Chig'gre, or Chig'oe. See Chique. 
Chignon (shin'yon) fun'gus. Growth of fungous 
nodules on the hair, probably due to micro-organism. 
Chilalgia, kil-al'je-ah. Labial neuralgia. 
Chilbladder, chil'blad-ur. Chilblain. 
Chil'blain. Erythematous inflammation of the 
feet, hands, etc., occasioned by cold. It is very com- 
mon in youth-not so in the adult or in advanced 
age, and is apt to degenerate into painful, indolent 
ulcerations. Chilblains are prevented by accustoming 
the parts to exposure, and are treated by stimulant, 
terebinthinate, and balsamic washes, ointments, and 
liniments. 
Child. A son or daughter; infans, puer. 
Child'bearing. Parturition. 
Child'bed. Parturition, the state of parturiency. 
C. fe'ver, puerperal fever. 
Child'birth. Parturition. 
Childcrowing, child-kro'ing. Laryngismus strid- 
ulus ; asthma thymicum. 
Child'hood. Infancy. 
Child'ill. Parturition. 
Child'ing. Parturient. 
Child-mur'der. Infanticide. 
Chil'dren's bane. Cicuta maculata. 
Chiliogramma, kil-e-o-gram'mah (chilioi, a thousand, 
gramma, gramme). Weight of 1000 grammes. 
Chiliophyllon, kil-e-o-fil'lon (chilioi, a thousand, 
phullon, leaf). Achillea millefolium. 
Chilisalpe'ter. Sodium nitrate. 
Chilissochisorhaph'ia. Operation for the radical 
cure of hernia by passing scrotal integument through 
the inguinal ring, and attaching it to the skin of the 
thigh through the femoral ring. 
Chilitis, kil-e'tis. Inflammation of the lip. 
Chill. Rigor. C., conges'tive, rigor congestivus; cold 
stage of congestive fever. C., dumb, fever, masked. 
Chil'li, Chil'lies. Capsicum. 
Chilo, ke'lo. In composition, lip; see Cheilo. 
Chilogramma (kil-o-gram'mah) or Cheilogram'ma 
(cheilos, gramma, line). Line extending downward from 
angle of the mouth, supposed to indicate pulmonary 
or cardiac disease in children. 
Chi'lon (cheilos, lip). An inflammatory swelling of 
the lip; one having a thick lip. 
Chiloplastice (kil-o-plas'tis-e) or Chiloplasty, kil'o- 
plas-te. Operation for restoration of lost portion of a 
lip. 
Chiloschisma (kil-o-skiz'mah) or Cheiloschis'ma 
(cheilos, lip, schisis, a splitting). Hare-lip. 
Chilostomatoplasty, kil-o-stom'at-o-plas-te (cheilos, 
lip, stoma, mouth, plassq, to form). Chilostomatoplas'- 
tice, Cheilostomatoplas'tice. Surgical operation for 
restoring the buccal opening after the removal of 
epithelioma of the lower lip. 
Chimaphila, chim-af'il-ah (cheima, winter, phileo, to 
love). Pyrola umbellata. C. umbella'ta, Pyrola 
umbellata. 
Chimaphiline, chim-af'il-een. Crystalline product 
of aqueous distillation of Wintergreen, 
221 
CHIOLI 
Chimetlum, chim-et'lum (cheima, winter, tlao, to 
suffer). Chilblain. 
Chimia, kim-e'ah. Chemistry. 
Chimiater, kim-e-at'ur (chimia, iatros, physician). 
Chemiater. 
Chimiatria, kim-e-at-re'ah. Chemiatria. 
Chim'ney-sweep'er's can'cer. See Cancer, chim- 
ney-sweeper's. 
Chim'ney-weed. Lichen roccella. 
Chimon, ke'mon (cheima, winter). Chilblain, cold. 
Chin (Sax. cyn). Inferior and middle part of the 
face, below the lower lip. 
China, che'nah. Cinchona (from quinquina). Smi- 
lax china (from china). C., American or West Indian, 
Smilax pseudo-china. C., calisay'a, Cinchonae cordi- 
foliae cortex. C., coto, plant supposed to furnish 
paracotoin; see Paracotoin. C. grass, delicate silky 
material for surgical dressing. C. occidentals, 
Smilax pseudo-china. C. orienta'lis, Smilax china. 
C. pondero'sa, Smilax china. C. re'gia, Cinchonas 
cordifoliae cortex. C. root, Smilax china. C. spu'ria 
nodo'sa, Smilax pseudo-china. C. ve'ra, Smilax china. 
Chinamin, chi'nam-in. Alkaloid obtained from the 
cultivated Indian bark of Cinchona siccarubra. 
Chincapin, chin'kah-pin. Fagus castauea pumila. 
C. water, Nelumbium luteum. 
Chinche, chin'cha ([S.] a bed-bug). Cimex. 
Chinchina, chin-che'nah. Cinchona. 
Chinchona, chin-ko'nah. Cinchona. 
Chinchunchulli. lonidium marcucci. 
Chincough. Pertussis. 
Chinese' galls. See Rhus semialata. 
Chi'nic acid. Quinic acid. 
Chinidin, chi'nid-in. Quinidia. 
Chinidinum, chin-id-e'num. Quinidine. 
Chininometry, chin-in-om'et-re. See Quiniometry. 
Chininuni, chin-e'num. Quinine. C. arsen'icum, 
quinine arseniate. C. bisulphur'icum, quinine bisul- 
phate. C. fer'ro-cit'ricum, iron and quinine citrate. 
C. hydrobroma'tum, quinine hydrobromate; see 
C hinium. 
Chinioidine, chin-e-oid'een (china, cinchona). Chi- 
noidine, Chinoidina, Chinoidinum (Ph. U. S.), Chinoidin, 
Quinoidine, Quinoidin, Quinodin. Substance separated 
from cinchona; has been supposed to be a mixture of 
quinia, cinchona, and a peculiar resinous matter, but 
according to Liebig simply the alkaloid quinia in an 
amorphous state - amorphous quinia - sometimes 
called precipitated extract of bark. In the Ph. U. S. 
it is defined as a mixture of alkaloids, mostly amor- 
phous, obtained as a by-product in the manufacture 
of the crystallizable alkaloids from cinchona. A flu- 
orescent substance closely resembling quinia has been 
found in the animal body, and hence has been called 
animal chinioidine or quinoidine. 
Chinium, chin'e-um. Quinine. C. acet'icum, 
quiniae acetas. C. arsenico'sum, quiniae arsenias. 
C. cit'ricum, quiniae citras. C. ferrocyanogena'tum, 
quiniae ferrocyanas. C. hydrochlor'icum, quiniae 
murias. C. hydroiod'icum, quiniae hydriodas. C. 
lac'ticum, quiniae lactas. C. muriat'icum, quiniae 
murias. C. ni'trlcum, quiniae nitras. C. phosphor'- 
icum, quiniae phosphas. C. sa'litum, quiniae murias. 
C. sulphu'ricum, quiniae sulphas. C. tan'nicum, 
quiniae et cinchoniae tannas. C. valerian'icum, 
quiniae valerianas. 
Chin-jerk. Jaw-jerk. See Reflex. 
Chinoleinum, chin-o-Ie-e'num (chinium, elaion, oil). 
Chinoline. See LewfcoZeiniim. 
Chinoline, chin'o-leen. C9H7N. A tertiary amine, 
prepared by distillation of quinine or cinchonine, and 
afterward synthetized by other processes; colorless 
pungent liquid. Antiseptic, antipyretic, and anti- 
fermentative. 
Chinquapin, chin'kah-pin. Fagus castanea pumila. 
Chin'whelk. Sycosis. 
Chiococ'ca anguif'uga. C. racemosa. See Caincw 
radix. 
Chiococcae radix, che-o-kok'ke rad'iks (chion, snow, 
kokkos, berry). Caincae radix. 
Chioli, che'ol-e. Furunculus, CHION 
Chion, che'on. Snow. 
Chionablepsia, che-on-ah-blep'se-ah (chion, snow, 
ablepsia, blindness). Snow-blindness. 
Chionanthus Virginica, cbe-on-an'thus vur-jin'ik- 
ah (chion, snow, anthos, flower). Fringe tree, Snowdrop 
tree; indigenous; nat. ord. Oleacese. Infusion of the 
root has been used as an antiperiodic and tonic. 
Chionotyphlosis, che-on-o-tif-lo'sis (chion, snow, 
tuphlosis, blindness). Snow-blindness. 
Chionyphe (che-o'nif-e) Carter! (chion, snow, huphe, 
texture). See Mycetoma and Parasites. 
Chique, sheek (S. chigo, chiquito, small). Pulex pen- 
etrans, Tick, Chiggre, Chigoe, Chiggo, Chegre, Chigoe, 
Sikka of Cayenne, Bicho, Tunga of Brazil, Nigua of 
Mexico, Pique of Paraguay, Jigger. Small insect in 
America and the Antilles, which gets under the epi- 
dermis and excites great irritation. 
Chir, kir (hand). See Cheir. 
Chirades (kir'ad-es) or Cheir'ades. Chaps of the 
hand. 
Chirseta, kir-e'tah. Gentiana chirata. 
Chiragra (kir'ah-grah) or Cheir'agra (chir, agra, 
seizure). Gout in the hand. 
Chirapotheca, kir-ap-o-tha'kah (chir, apotheke, store, 
closet). Arsenal. 
Chirapsia, kir-ap'se-ah (chir, hapto, to handle). 
Friction. 
Chirarthritis, kir-ar-thre'tis (chir, arthron, joint, 
itis, inflammation). Inflammation of the joints of the 
hand. 
Chirarthroc'ace. See Cheirarthrocace. 
Chirata (chir-at'ah), Chirayi'ta, Chiray'ta, or 
Chiretta, kir-et'tah. Gentiana chirayta. 
Chiratin, kir-at'in. Bitter principle of chirata. 
Chirheuma, kir-oo'mah. Chirrheuma. 
Chiriater, kir-e-at'er (chir, iatros, physician). Sur- 
geon. 
Chiriatria, kir-e-at-re'ah. Surgery. 
Chirimoya, kir-e-moy'ah. Anona tripetala. 
Chirisis, kir'is-is (chir, hand). Surgery. 
Chirismus, kir-iz'mus. Surgery. 
Chirixis, kir-iks'is (cheirixis). Surgery. 
Chiro, kir'o (cheir, hand). In composition, hand. 
Chirocyrtosis, kir-o-sur-to'sis (chiro, kurtosis, crook- 
edness). Crookedness of the hand. 
Chiromancy, ki'ro-man-se (chiro, manteia, divina- 
tion). Palmistry; art of divining by inspection of the 
hand. 
Chiromania, kir-o-man'e-ah (chiro, mania). Mas- 
turbation. 
Chiromantia, kir-o-man-te'ah. Chiromancy. 
Chironax, kir-o'nax (cheironax, from, chir, hand). 
Surgeon. 
Chironia, kir-o'ne-ah (after Chiron, the Cen- 
taur, who is said to have discovered its use). Genus 
of plants, ord. Gentianaceae. Also, Tamas communis. 
C. angula'ris, American centaury, Posepink, Wild suc- 
cory, Bitterbloom, Gentry. Every part of this plant is 
a pure and strong bitter, which property is communi- 
cated alike to alcohol and water; tonic and stomachic. 
C. centau'rium, Smaller or lesser centaury, European 
centaury. Tops of the lesser centaury, Centaurii 
cacumina, are aromatic and tonic, and are sometimes 
employed as such. C. Chilen'sis, Chachinlagua, Chan- 
celagua. Very bitter plant, indigenous in Chili. Pos- 
sesses the virtues of the Chironese. 
Chironian ulcer, kir-o'ne-an ul'sur. Chironium. 
Chironium (kir-o'ne-um), Cheironei'on (cheiron, 
bad, malignant). An ulcer difficult of cure-of a swol- 
len, hard, and callous nature, Chironian ulcer; per- 
haps from Chiron the Centaur, who was unable to 
cure such ulcers, or was affected with them. 
Chironomia, kir-o-nom'e-ah. Cheironomia. 
Chiropodalgia, kir-o-po-dal'je-ah (chiro, pous, foot, 
algos, pain). Painful affection of the wrist and ankles. 
See Acrodynia. 
Chiropodist, kir-op'o-dist (chiro, pous, foot). One 
who treats diseases of the hands and feet, or rather 
whose profession it is to remove corns and bunions. 
Chirop'odistry, kir-op'o-dis-tre. Medical or sur- 
gical treatment of hands and feet, 
222 
! CHLORXEMIA 
Chirorrheuma, kir-or-rhu'mah. Eheumatism of 
the hands. 
Chirosis, kir-o'sis (cheiroo, to subdue). Operation 
of making plasters, extracts, etc. with the hand, or 
with the pestle and mortar. 
Chirostrophosis, kir-o-strof-o'sis (chiro, strepho, to 
turn). Distortion of the hand. 
Chirotheca, kir-o-the'kah (chiro, theke, sheath). 
Bandage for the hand. A kind of bandage in which 
the fingers and hand are enveloped in spiral turns. 
When the whole hand and fingers are covered, it is 
called the double or complete ; and when only a finger 
is covered, the half or incomplete. See Gantelet. 
Chirotribia, kir-o-trib'e-ah (chiro, tribo, to rub). 
Friction with the hand; according to others, dexterity 
in an art. 
Chirrheuma, kir-rhu'mah (cAir, rheuma, flux). 
Eheumatism of the hand. 
Chirurgeon, kir-ur'jun. Surgeon. 
Chirurgi physici, kir-ur'je fiz'is-e. See Surgeon. 
Chlrurgia, kir-uFje-ah (chir, ergon, work). Sur- 
gery. C. anaplas'tica, restoration of lost parts. C. 
curto'rum, restoration of lost parts. C. infuso'ria, 
infusion of medicines. C. milita'ris, surgery, mili- 
tary. C. transfuso'ria, transfusion. 
Chirurgical, kir-uFjik-al. Surgical. 
Chirurgicus, kir-uFjik-us. Surgical. 
Chirurgus, kir-uFjus. Surgeon. 
Chi'rurgy. Surgery. 
Chist. Arabic word signifying the sixth part; sixth 
part of the congius or gallon. 
Chitine, chit'een (chiton, a covering). The substance 
forming the exterior surface of crustacee and insects. 
Chiton, che'ton. Tunic. 
Chitoniscus, chit-on-is'kus (dim. of Chiton). Indu- 
sium. 
Chittem- (chit'tem) or Chit'tim-bark. Bark of 
Ehamnus purshianus. 
Chittramoo'lum. Plumbago Zeylanica. 
Chium vinum, che'um ve'num (from Chios, the is- 
land where it was produced). Chian wine, used by the 
physicians of antiquity in cases of defluxions and 
ophthalmias. 
Chives. Allium Schcenoprasum, a variety of garlic. 
Chliaros, kle'ar-os (tepid). Name anciently given 
to slight fevers. 
Chliasma, kle-az'mah. A tepid and moist fomen- 
tation. 
Chloasma, klo-az'mah (chloos, greenish-yellow color, 
verdure). Liverspot, Mothpatch. Cutaneous affection 
characterized by one or more broad, irregular-shaped 
patches, of a yellow or yellowish-brown color, occur- 
ring most frequently on the front of the neck, breast, 
abdomen, and groins. The patches do not generally 
rise above the surface. There is usually some degree 
of itching. A cryptogamous growth has been found 
in it, called Microsporon furfur, also Epidermophyton. 
The causes are not very evident. Sulphur inter- 
nally-in any and every form-generally removes it 
speedily. Should there be difficulty, the external 
use of the remedy in baths or fumigations may suc- 
ceed. A form of chloasma or of pityriasis versicolor 
called Mai de los Pintos, Pinta, Quiricua, and Tinna 
occurs in Mexico. C. al'bum, achroma. C. gravida'- 
rum, discoloration of pregnancy. C. hepat'icum, dis- 
coloration due to liver disorder. C. toxTcum, C. 
from impregnation from infusion through medium 
of the circulation. C. traumat'icum, C. from undue 
pressure, etc. of parts. C. vulga're, C. hepaticum. 
The term is sometimes applied to tinea versicolor. 
Chlora, klo'rah. Chlorine. 
Chloracetic acid, klor-as-e'tik as'id. Caustic some- 
what similar in its action to nitric acid, producing a 
rapid and deep cauterization; formed by the action 
of chlorine on acetic acid, the latter losing one equiv- 
alent of hydrogen and taking chlorine in its place. 
The salts are Chloracetates. 
Chloracetization, klor-a-se-tiz-a'shun. Local anes- 
thetization by means of chloracetic acid. 
Chloremia, klor-e'me-ah (chloros, green, haima, 
blood). Greensickness; chlorosis. CHLORAL 
Chloral, klo'ral (Ph. U. S. and Br.). C2HC13O,H2O. 
Substance formed by the prolonged action of chlorine 
on pure anhydrous alcohol; hence its name (chlorine 
and alcohol). The impure oily liquid thus obtained 
is distilled and purified, and anhydrous chloral, an 
oily, colorless fluid, is the result. This undergoes de- 
composition by standing, and is converted into a 
solid. It combines with water to form acicular crys- 
tals of the hydrate of chloral, chloral hydrate, a sol- 
uble substance, decomposed by alkalies, producing 
chloroform in a pure state. Some of its effects have, 
indeed, been ascribed to the partial decomposition of 
chloral into chloroform in the circulation. It has 
been prescribed as an anodyne and soporific, causing 
extreme muscular relaxation, etc., in the dose of ten 
to twenty grains, or even more, in solution, in insom- 
nia, delirium tremens, eclampsia, neuralgia, colic, etc. 
C. al'coholate, crystalline product of absolute alcohol 
and hydrous chloral. C. antipy'rin, hypnol; oily sub- 
stance produced by mixing concentrated solutions of 
hydrate of chloral and antipyrin; hypnotic, but de- 
pressant to the heart's action. C. butyl'icum, buty- 
chloral. C., cro'ton, Crotonate of chloral; formed by 
the action of chlorine on allyl; it is an anaesthetic, 
producing profound cerebral insensibility, and, if con- 
tinued, loss of function of the spinal cord and paraly- 
sis of the medulla oblongata. C. form'amide, chlor- 
alamid. C. hy'drate, see Chloral. C. hydrocy'anate, 
in white prisms, used as substitute for bitter-almond 
water and cherry-laurel water. C. men'thol, oily 
liquid resulting from heating together equal parts of 
chloral and menthol; used in neuralgia of the face, 
migraine, odontalgia, etc. C. ure'thane, somnal. 
Chloralamid, klor-al'am-id. Chloral formidate; 
union of chloral anhydride with formamide; color- 
less crystallized substance. Used as a hypnotic and 
analgesic and as substitute for chloral hydrate. Aver- 
age hypnotic dose for an adult is about 30 grains. 
Chloral'imid. Derivative of chloral resulting from 
action of ammonium acetate on chloral hydrate; in 
colorless, tasteless, odorless crystals; used at one time 
as substitute for chloral hydrate. 
Chloralism, klor'al-izm. Condition produced by 
the use of chloral in excess, as cerebral anaemia, sleep- 
lessness, melancholy, joint-pains, feeble heart, slight 
paralysis, eruptions, etc. 
Chloralization, klor-al-i-za'tion. Administration 
of chloral; effect of chloral. 
Chloraloin, klor-al'o-in. Product of the combina- 
tion of chlorine and aloin. 
Chloralum, klor-al'um. Several preparations under 
this name have been employed as disinfectants, but 
their efficiency is not established. They contain 
varying proportions of chloride of aluminium; hence 
the name. 
Chlorammo'nlum. Ammonium chloride. 
Chloramyl, klor'am-il. Preparation consisting of 
two drachms of amyl nitrite to one pound of chlo- 
roform ; used cautiously for inhalation when the 
amyl nitrite is indicated. 
Chloranth'us. Plant of nat. ord. Chloranthaceae. 
C. brachys'tachys and C. officina'lis are natives of Japan; 
used as aromatic stimulants. C. inconspic'ius, used 
in China for scenting tea. 
Chlo'ras. Chlorate. C. kal'icus depur a'tus, po- 
tassse murias hyperoxygenatus. 
Chlorasma, klo-raz'mah (chloros, green). Chlorosis. 
Chlorate, klo'rat. Salt of chloric acid with a base. 
Chloratum, klo-rat'um. Chlorate. 
Chloraur'ate of ammo'nium. Ammonio-chloride 
of gold. 
Chlorepatitis, klor-ep-at-e'tis (chloros, green, hepar, 
liver). Hepatitis complicated with chlorosis. 
Chlorephidrosis, klor-ef-id-ro'sis (chloros, ephidrosis, 
perspiration). Green perspiration. 
Chlorethane, klor-e'thane. Ethyl chloride. 
Chlore'tum. Chloride. C. calca'riae, calcis chlor- 
idum. 
Chlorhydric (klor - hy' drik) acid. Hydrochloric 
acid. 
Chloriasis, klo-re'as-is {chloros, green), Chlorosis. 
223 
! CHLOROFORM 
Chloric ether, concentrated, klo'ric e'ther, kon'- 
sen-tra-ted. See Ether, chloric. C. e., strong, see 
Ether, chloric. 
Chloride, klor'ide. Compound containing an ele- 
ment or radical in combination with chlorine. C. of 
eth'yl, C2H5CI, prepared by treating alcohol with hy- 
drochloric acid; colorless, inflammable, volatile liquid; 
used as a local anaesthetic in spray form in minor sur- 
gery. C. of gold, auri chloridum; salt used thera- 
peutically in phthisis and tubercular diseases; said to 
be of use in the treatment of lupus; dose, gr. t.d. 
C. of lime, calcis chloridum. C. of meth/yl, chlor- 
methyl. C. of meth'ylene, methylene chloride. (For 
chlorides of iron, sodium, potassium, etc., see Ferri 
chloridum, Sodii chloridum, Potassii chloridum, etc. 
Chlorimetry, klor-im'et-re (chloros, green, metron, 
measure). Measurement of quantity of chlorine con- 
tained in a chlorine compound. 
Chlorinated, klor'in-a-ted. Containing or combined 
with chlorine. C. lime, calx chlorinata. 
Chlorine, klor'een (chloros, green). Chtorinum, Oxy- 
muriatic acid gas, Oxygenated muriatic acid, Dephlo- 
gisticated marine acid, Halogene, Murigene. So far as 
we know, this is an elementary substance. It is a 
greenish, yellow gas, of a strong, suffocating smell 
and disagreeable taste, incapable of maintaining com- 
bustion and respiration, and very soluble in water. 
One of its characteristics is that of destroying almost 
immediately all vegetable and animal colors. It is 
employed in fumigations as a powerful disinfecting 
agent. A dilute solution, Aqua or Liquor chlorini, 
Chlorinii liquor, Chlorinei aqua, Aqua chlori (Ph. U. 
S.), Liquor chlori (Ph. Br.), Chlorine water, or Solution 
of chlorine, has been administered internally in diar- 
rhoea and chronic dysentery. Immersion of the hands 
and arms in chlorine has often removed itch and other 
cutaneous affections. It has also been inhaled in a 
dilute state in the early stage of phthisis, but it is of 
doubtful efficacy, and is better adapted for chronic 
bronchitis. C., bisul'phuret of, sulphur, chloride of. 
C. poul'tice, cataplasma sodae chloratae. C. wa'ter, 
see Chlorine. 
Chlor'ite. Compound of chlorous acid with a base. 
Chlormethyl, klor-meth'il. Methyl chloride. 
Chloroanaemia, klor-o-an-e'me-ah (chloros, green, 
aneemia}. Chlorosis. 
Chlorobo'rate of sodium. White crystalline powder, 
soluble in water, said to possess antiseptic properties. 
Chlorocarbon, klor-o-kar'bon. Carbon bichloride. 
Chlorocruorin, klor-o-kru'or-in. Greenish sub- 
stance present in the blood of some annelids, analo- 
gous to the haemoglobin of the blood of mammalia. 
Chlorodyne, klor'o-dine. A preparation, originally 
secret, proposed in 1848, and said to consist of " per- 
chloric acid with a new alkaloid." Later analyses 
proved it to consist of a variety of substances, and it 
has been imitated by combining morphia, dilute muri- 
atic and hydrocyanic acids, capsicum, chloroform, 
ether, cannabis indica, oil of peppermint, etc. in for- 
mulae varying with different chemists. Given as an 
anodyne chiefly in serous diarrhoeas and cramps in 
the stomach. 
Chloroform, klor'o-form (chorine, formyT). Per- 
chloride and Terchloride of formyl, C hloroformyl, called 
also, but not correctly, Terchloride of carbon and 
Chloric ether, is a colorless, oleaginous liquid, of a 
sweetish ethereal odor, hot, aromatic, and peculiar 
taste. Specific gravity of that of the Ph. U. S., 
chloroformum venale, a liquid containing at least 98 
per cent, of chloroform, is at least 1.47. This prepara- 
tion is used only externally and as a solvent. For 
internal use, the U. S. Pharmacopoeia has a chloro- 
formum purificatum. Its s. g. is 1.485 to 1.490 at 59 ' 
Fahr. This is the preparation preferably used inter- 
nally, externally, and for anaesthetization. It is used 
with great advantage in asthma and in diseases in 
which a grateful soothing agent is required. Dose, 
Iflx to xxx or more, diluted with water. It is largely 
prescribed as an anaesthetic agent in painful diseases, 
and to obtund sensibility in surgical operations and 
in parturition by inhalation. The usual quantity with CH LOROFORM i U M 
this view is from to See Anaesthetic. Ether 
is now more generally employed as an anaesthetic. 
C., gel'atinized, mixture of chloroform with white of 
an egg, used as a liniment. C. lin'iment, see Lini- 
mentum chloroformi. C. mix'ture, see Mistura chloro- 
formi. C. wa'ter, Aqua chloroformi (Ph. Br.), solution 
of chloroform in distilled water in the proportion of 
3:400 parts. 
Chloroformium, klor-o-for'me-um. Chloroform. 
Chloroformization, klor-o-for-mi-za'shun. The ag- 
gregate of anaesthetic phenomena occasioned by the 
inhalation of chloroform. To chloroformize a patient 
is to induce such phenomena. 
Chloroformum, klor-o-for'mum. Chloroform. C. 
purifica'tum, see Chloroform. C., tine Tur e of, ether, 
chloric. C. vena'le, see Chloroform. 
Chloroformyl, klor-o-form'il. Chloroform. 
Chlorogenic acid, klor-o-jen'ik as'id. Caffeo-tannic 
acid. 
Chlorogenine, klor-oj'en-een. Alstonine. 
Chlorohaemat'ic. Haemin. 
Chloroleucos, klor-o-lu'kos {chloros, green, leukos, 
white). Greenish white. 
Chloroma, klor-o'mah {chloros, green). Peculiar 
form of tumor containing a yellow-green substance, 
which takes the place, at times, of muscles and perios- 
teum. 
Chloromethyl (klor-o-meth'il) or Chlormeth'yl. 
Methylene bichloride. 
Chloropercha, klor-o-per'kah {chloros, green). Gutta- 
percha dissolved in chloroform. 
Chlor'ophane. See Chromophane. 
Chlorophthisis, klor-o-te'sis {chloros, green, phthi- 
sis). Phthisis accompanied with chlorosis. 
Chlorophyll, klor'o-fil {chloros, green, phullon, leaf). 
Green coloring matter of leaves. 
Chloroquinones, klor-o-kwi'nones. Compounds of 
chlorine with quinone. 
Chlorosis, klor-o'sis {chloros, green). Disease 
which affects young females, more particularly those 
who have not menstruated. It is characterized by a 
pale, lurid complexion, languor, listlessness, depraved 
appetite and digestion, palpitation, etc. It generally 
goes off on occurrence of the menstrual flux; but some- 
times it is long before this is established, and, at times, 
the catamenia are in larger quantity than usual. 
The blood of chlorotics is generally thin, light-col- 
ored, and deficient in red corpuscles and in iron, and 
the clot is in less proportion to the serum than in 
health. On auscultation, a bellows' sound has been 
almost invariably detected over the heart, and a con- 
tinuous blowing sound in the larger arteries (espe- 
cially the carotids and subclavians), reinforced by 
each systole of the ventricle, and resembling the 
buzzing of a humming-top, the cooing of doves, the 
whistling of air through a key-hole, etc. See Bruit. 
Very similar sounds are heard in the arteries after 
copious hemorrhage; they seem, therefore, to coin- 
cide with enfeebled circulation. Tonics, as iron, are 
usually required in the treatment, the disease most 
commonly occurring in those in whom there is con- 
siderable torpor of the system. C. Althio'pum, 
chlorosis with an irresistible desire to eat dirt. See 
Chthonophagia. C. amato'ria, hectic fever. C., Egyp'- 
tian, disease of Italy, and especially of Egypt, charac- 
terized by bloody stools, slowly progressive emacia- 
tion, debility, and anaemia, caused by the presence 
of an entozoon, the Anchylostoma duodenale, in the 
bowels. C. gigante'a, see Polysarcia. C. trop'ica, 
anaemia tropica. 
Chlorosma, klor-oz'mah (from chloros, green). 
Chlorosis. 
Chlorotic, klor-ot'ik. Affected with chlorosis or 
pertaining to chlorosis, as a chlorotic female, chlorotic 
symptoms, etc. 
Chlor oxanthous, klor-o-zan'thus {chloros, green, 
xanthos, yellow). Greenish-yellow. 
Chlorphe'nol. Monochlorphenol; mixture of chlor- 
inated phenol, alcohol, menthol, and eugenol. 
CfilliCljOII. Volatile liquid; antipyretic; employed 
in the treatment of tuberculosis in the shape of inha- 
224 
CHOLALIC ACID 
lations; possesses antiseptic properties; applied locally 
to wounds and ulcers. 
Chlorum, klor'um. Chlorine. 
Chloruret, klor'u-ret. Chloride. 
Chloruretum ammonicum, klor-u-ra'tum am-mo'- 
nik-um. Ammonite murias. C. au'rico-so'dicum, 
sodio-auric chloride. C. au'ricum, auric chloride. 
C. baryt'icum, barium chloride. C. cal'cicum, cal- 
cium chloride. C. cal'cis, chlorinated lime. C. ferro'- 
sum, ferrous chloride. C. hydrargyr'icum, mercuric 
chloride. C. ox'idi cal'cii, calcis chloridum. C. po- 
tas'sicum, potassium chloride. C. so'dicum, sodium 
chloride. C. zin'cicum, zinc chloride. 
Chlorurum, klo-ru'rum. Chloride. 
Choak (Sax. aceocan). Cynanche trachealis. C., 
wolf, see Lycanche. 
Choana, cho-ah'nah (choane, funnel). Pelvis. C. 
cer'ebri, infundibulum of the brain. 
Choanas, cho-ah'ne (pl. of Choana). Posterior nares. 
Choa'ne. Infundibulum. 
Choanoid, cho'an-oid. Funnel-shaped; relating to a 
muscle found in eyes of certain animals. 
Choanorrhagia, cho-an-or-raj'e-ah (choane, rhegnumi, 
to break forth). See Epistaxis. 
Choa'va. Coffea Arabica. 
Chocolata, choc - o - lat' ah. Chocolate. C. cum 
osmazo'ma, see Osmazome. C. salu'tis, see Choco- 
late. C. sim'plex, see Chocolate. 
Chocolate, chok'o-late. (Said to be compounded 
from two East Indian words, choco, sound, and atte, 
water, because of the noise made in its preparation; 
or from Choco, a province in Mexico, where the tree 
abounds, and whence it was imported into Europe 
about 1520.) An alimentary paste prepared from the 
kernels of Theobroma cacao or Cacao, with sugar, and 
often aromatics; see Cacao. Chocolate thus simply 
prepared-as it is met with, indeed, in commerce-is 
called in France Chocolat de sante, Chocolata simplex 
or salutis; it is not very easy of digestion. Chocolat 
a la vanille contains three ounces of vanilla and two 
of cinnamon to twenty pounds of common chocolate. 
The addition of the aromatic renders it somewhat 
more digestible. Chocolates may likewise be medi- 
cated. C. cum fer'ro, ferruginous chocolate. C. nuts, 
see Cacao. C. os'mazome, see Osmazome. C. root, 
Geum rivale, G. Virginianum. 
Choenicis, ke'nis-is (choinike, the nave in which the 
axle turns). Trepan. 
Chceradenterophthisis, keer - ad - en - ter - o - te' sis 
(choiros, swine, enteron, intestine, phthisis). Intestinal 
phthisis; tabes mesenterica. 
Chceradodes, keer-ad-o'des (choiros, swine, scrofula, 
odes). Of the nature of scrofula; affected with 
scrofula. 
Choeradology, keer-ad-ol'o-je (cheeras, logos). The 
study of scrofula. 
Choeras, ke'ras (choiros, swine). Scrofula. 
Chcerocalymma, keer-o-kal-im'mah (choiros, vulva, 
kalumma, hood). Integument of the vulva. 
Choerocnesmus, keer-o-nez'mus (choiros, vulva, 
knesme, itching). Itching of the vulva. 
Chcerus, ke'rus (choiros). Vulva. 
Choke cherry. Prunus Virginiana. C. damp, car- 
bonic acid; see Hydrogen, carburetted. 
Choked disk. Engorged condition of the optic 
disk, symptomatic of intracranial affection; inflam- 
mation of papilla of the eye, indicating inflammation 
of optic nerve (optic neuritis). Papillitis is therefore 
a better term than choked disk. 
Chokes. Throat. 
Chola, ko'lah (chole). Bile. 
Cholaemia (kol-e'me-ah), Cholhse'mia, or Cholihse'- 
mia (chole, haima, blood). Morbid state in which bile 
exists in the blood; jaundice. 
Cholago, kol-ah'go. Cholas. 
Cholagogue (kol'ag-og) (chole, bile, ago, to expel) or 
Cholago'gus. The ancients gave this name to cathar- 
tics which were reputed to cause the flow of bile. 
Cholalate, kol'al-ate. Salt of cholalic acid. 
Cholalic acid, kol-al'ik as'id. Acid obtained from 
compound bile-acids; cholic acid, CHOLANGIOITIS 
Cholangioitis (kol-an-je-o-i'tis), Cholangei'tis, or 
Cholangi'tis (chole, bile, angeion, vessel). Inflamma- 
tion of the bile-duets. 
Cholansis, kol-an'sis (cholos, lame). Lameness of 
the hand, rendering a person one-handed. 
Cholas, ko'las. Epigastric region; the intestines. 
Cholasma, ko-laz'mah. Cholosis. 
Cholate, ko'late. Eelating to the presence of the 
principal acid of bile, found chiefly in ox-bile. 
Chole, kol'e. Bile. 
Choleate, kol-e'ate. Taurocholate; cholate. 
Cholecchysis (ko-lek'is-is) or Cholen'chysis (chole, 
ekchusis, effusion). Effusion of bile. 
Cholechlorine (kol-e-klor'in) or Cholochlo'ine {chole, 
chloros, green). Green coloring matter of the bile; 
biliverdin. 
Cholecroin, kol-e-kro'in {chole, bile, chroo, to color). 
Bilirubin mixed with other matter. 
Cholecrome, kol'e-krome. Cholocrome. 
Cholecyst, kol'e-sist {chole, kustis, bladder). Gall- 
bladder. 
Cholecystectasia, kol-e-sis-tec-tah'ze-ah (cholecys- 
tis, ektasis, dilatation). Dilatation of the gall-bladder. 
Cholecystectomy, kol-e-sis-tek'to-me {chole, kustis, 
bladder, ektome, amputation). Excision of the gall- 
bladder. 
Cholecystenterostomy, kol-e-sist-en-ter-os'tom-e 
{chole, kustis, bladder, enteron, intestine, stoma, open- 
ing). Operation for making a communication be- 
tween the gall-bladder and bowel, for the purpose of 
relieving obstruction in the common bile-duct, or for 
removal of the gall-bladder. 
Cholecysteurysma, kol-e-sist-u-riz'mah {chole, kustis, 
bladder, eurusma, dilatation). Dilatation of the gall- 
bladder. 
Cholecystis, kol-e-sist'is. Gall-bladder. 
Cholecystitis, kol-e-sis-te'tis {chole, kustis, bladder). 
Inflammation of the gall-bladder. C. calculo'sa, in- 
flammation of the gall-bladder caused by passage of 
a calculus. 
Cholecystoncus, kol-e-sis-ton'kus {chole, kustis, blad- 
der, onkos, tumor). Hypertrophy of the gall-bladder. 
Cholecystor'rhaphy {cholecystis, gall-bladder, rhaphe, 
suture). Cholecystotomy combined with suture of the 
gall-bladder. 
Cholecystotomy, kol-e-sis-tot'o-me {chole, kustis, blad- 
der, temno, to cut). Opening the gall-bladder by abdom- 
inal operation, as for removal of gall-stone. 
Choledoch (kol'e-dok) {chole, dochos, containing or 
receiving) or Choled'ochus. Containing or receiving 
bile. The ductus choledochus is the duct formed by 
the union of the hepatic and cystic ducts, which 
pours the hepatic and cystic bile into the duode- 
num. 
Choledochiarctia, kol-e-dok-e-ark'te-ah {choledo- 
chus, arcto, to narrow). Narrowing of ductus chole- 
dochus communis. 
Choledochitis, kol-e-dok-e'tis. Inflammation of the 
choledoch duct. 
Choledochot'omy {choledochus, tome, incision). Op- 
eration on choledoch duct for removal of calculi. 
Choledochus, kol-ed'ok-us {chole, dochos, containing). 
Choledoch; receiving bile. 
Choledography, kol-e-dog'raf-e {chole, grapho, to de- 
scribe). Description of what relates to the bile and 
biliary organs. 
Choledology, kol-e-dol'o-je {chole, logos, discourse). 
Treatise on the bile and biliary organs. 
Cholegraphia, kol-e-graf'e-ah. Choledography. 
Cholehaemia, kol-e-he'me-ah {chole, haima, blood). 
Icterus. 
Choleia, kol-i'ah (cholos, lame). Claudication. 
Choleic, kol-e'ik. Eelating to bile. 
Cholelith, kol'e-lith (chole, lithos, stone). Gall- 
stone. 
Cholelithia, koi-e-lith'e-ah {chole, lithos, stone). 
Cysthepatolithiasis. C. ic'terus, icterus. 
Cholelithiasis, kol-e-lith-e'as-is. Aggregate of phe- 
nomena caused by biliary calculi. 
Cholelithotomy, koi - e - lith - ot' o - me {chole, lithos, 
stone, tome, incision). Eemoval of gall-stones. 
225 
CHOLERA 
Cholelithotripsy, kol-e-lith'o-trip-se. Cholelithot- 
rity. 
Cholelithotrity, koi - e - litli - ot 'ri - te (chole, lithos, 
stone, tribo, to crush). Operation of crushing of gall- 
stone in situ. 
Cholelithus, kol-el'ith-us. See Calculi, biliary. 
Cholelogia, kol-e-loj'e-ah. Treatise on, or descrip- 
tion of, the bile and biliary organs. 
Cholemesia (kol-e-ma'ze-ah) or Cholem'esis (chole, 
emesis, vomiting). Vomiting of bile. 
Cholenchysis, kol-en'kis-is. Cholecchysis. 
Cholepoiesis (kol-e-poi-a'sis) or Cholopoie'sis (chole, 
poiesis, fabrication). Secretion of bile. 
Cholepoietic (kol-e-poi-et'ik) or Cholopoiet'ic (chole, 
poietikos, producing). Bile-secreting. 
Cholepyra, kol-ep'ir-ah (chole, pur, fire, fever). 
Fever, bilious. 
Cholepyretus, kol-e-pir'et-us. Fever, bilious. 
Cholepyrrhin (koi - e - pir' rhin) or Cholepyr'rin 
(chole, purrhos, of a golden color). See Bile and Chole- 
crome. 
Choler, kol'er. Bile. Anger was supposed to be 
produced by superabundance of bile; hence the term 
choler for anger. 
Cholera, kol'er-ah (chole, bile, rheo, to flowr, or cho- 
lades, intestines, or cholera, gutter of a house to carry 
off the rain). Cholera morbus, Sporadic or bilious 
cholera. The higher degrees have been called Centro- 
gangli'i'tis, Myelogangli'i'tis, and Hologangli'i' tis. Disease 
characterized by anxiety, gripings, spasms in the 
legs and arms, and by vomiting and purging (gener- 
ally bilious). Vomiting and purging are, indeed, the 
essential symptoms. The disease is most common in 
hot climates, and in temperate climates during sum- 
mer. Spasmodic, Asiatic, Malignant, Indian, Epidemic, 
Pestilential, Serous, Algid, Convulsive, Nervous, Eastern 
or Oriental cholera, Asphyxia pestilenta, Pestilential 
asphyxia, Choleric pestilence, Cholera orientalis, C. In- 
dica, C. epidemica, C. asphyxia, C. pestifera, C. serosa, 
C. spastica, Typhoid fever of India, Rice disease (because 
supposed by some to be caused by damaged rice), is 
frightful in the rapidity of its progress, the patient 
sometimes dying in a few hours from the first onset. 
In a typical case there are three stages: first, of diar- 
rhoea ; second, of rice-water evacuations, vomiting, 
cramps, coldness and lividity of the skin, etc., with a 
peculiar pinched expression of the face-facies choler- 
ica-and collapse; and a third stage, in favorable 
cases, of reaction or consecutive fever. In temperate 
climates common cholera is not usually a disease of 
much consequence. It requires that the stomach 
and bowels should be cleared, and afterward the 
irritation be allayed by full doses of opium. In 
malignant cholera the treatment must vary with 
the stage of the disease, the efforts of the physician 
during that of collapse being directed to the 
restoration of animal heat by external applica- 
tions, etc. In the worst forms, however, it runs its 
course unmodified by treatment. Proper sanitary 
conditions and pure drinking-water, as has been 
demonstrated in the epidemic in Hamburg in 
1892, which was due to obtaining polluted drinking- 
water from the Elbe, may prevent outbreaks of the 
disease. Investigation of cholera discharges has 
shown the presence of a special bacillus, to which 
the causation of the disease is ascribed. From its 
shape it is called the Comma bacillus; see Spirillum 
choleras Asiatics. C., al'gid, see Cholera. C., foil'ions, 
see Cholera. C., blue, colored substance observed in 
cholera culture in meat extract containing peptone 
and gelatin. C. cells, C. fungi. C., chick'en, epi- 
demic disease of fowls, with inflammation and ulcer- 
ation of the organs of digestion, etc.; see Bacillus 
choleric gallinarum. C. cor'puscles, C. fungi. C. 
fun'gi, C. cells, C. corpuscles. Microscopical bodies 
resembling fungi, which were discovered in the 
stomach and intestines of cholera patients after 
death, or in the rice-water evacuations. They were 
regarded as the cause of Asiatic cholera; but later 
researches define them more accurately under the 
name of Comma bacilli; see Cholera. C. hand, ap- CHOLERAD 
pearance presented by the cyanotic hand of a patient 
in the collapse of cholera. C., hog, a very fatal and 
epidemic disease occurring among hogs, of a conta- 
gious nature, characterized by skin eruptions, cough- 
ing, and dyspnoea. It runs its course very fast, and is 
accompanied with rapid emaciation, debility, and fre- 
quently paralysis of the extremities. C., In'dian, see 
Cholera. C. In'dica, see Cholera. C. infan'tum, Choleric 
fever of infants, Cholera of infants, disease so termed 
by American physicians. It occurs, generally, in the 
Middle States of the Union, in June or July, and con- 
tinues during the hot weather; hence called the 
" summer complaint." Chief symptoms are vomiting, 
purging of green or yellow matter, slime, or blood, 
attended with pain or uneasiness, and swelling of the 
abdomen, with some pyrexia, generally. The heat of 
the weather seems to be the predisposing, if not the 
exciting, cause. Fatal disease in towns, differing 
little, if at all, from what is vulgarly called the Watery 
gripes in England. C., malig'nant, see Cholera. C. 
mor'bus, cholera; popular term for severe vomiting 
accompanied with purging. C. nos'tras, cholera 
morbus. C., Oriental, see Cholera. C. pestif'era, see 
Cholera. C., pestilen'tial, see Cholera. C. poi'son, see 
Poison. C. reaction, the color reaction of mineral 
acids upon the cholera bacillus. C., red, coloration 
produced on addition of nitric acid to filtered cholera 
stools or rice-water stools. C., se'rous, cholera. C. 
sic'ca, pneumatosis of the digestive passages, in which 
there is a copious discharge of gas upward and down- 
ward. C., spasmodic, see Cholera. C., sporadic, see 
Cholera. C., sum'mer, cholera infantum. C., ty'phoid, 
term applied to the secondary symptoms that often 
follow the cholera attack proper, as excessive ady- 
namia, etc. C. vulga'ris, cholera morbus. 
Cholerad, kol'er-ad. Micro-organism containing 
the contagium of Asiatic cholera. 
Choleragen'ic, kol-er-ah-jen'ik (cholera, gennao, to 
produce). Cholera-breeding. 
Cholera'ic. Choleric. 
Cholerama'nia. Choleromania. 
Cholerapho'bia (cholera, phobos, dread). Cholero- 
mania. 
Cholerapho'nia (cholera, phone, voice). Voice, chol- 
eric. 
Chol'eric. Belonging to bile; also to cholera (Chol- 
eraic), as the choleric or choleraic poison. C. face, the 
sharp, pinched, and peculiarly altered face in spas- 
modic cholera. C. fe'ver of in'fants, cholera infan- 
tum. C. tem'perament, bilious temperament. 
Choler'iform. Choleroid. 
Cholerine, koi'er-een (dim. of Cholera). Choleraic 
diarrhoea, Cholrine. Diarrhoea prevailing during chol- 
era epidemics. First stage of epidemic cholera; also, 
precursory symptoms of cholera; mild form of cholera. 
The zymotic principle of cholera. 
Cholerodiarrhce'a. Diarrhoea of cholera; mild at- 
tack of that disease. 
Choleroid, kol'er-oid (cholera, eidos, resemblance). 
Eesembling cholera, as a choleroid diarrhoea. 
Choleromania (kol-er-o-man'e-ah) or Cholerama'- 
nia (cholera, mania). Dread of cholera to such extent 
that the individual fancies himself affected or threat- 
ened by it. 
Cholerophobia, kol-er-o-fo'be-ah (cholera, phobos, 
dread). Choleromania. 
Cholerophone, kol-er-o-fo'ne (cholera, phone, voice). 
Voice, choleric. 
Choleroprosopon, kol-er-o-pros-o'pon (cholera, proso- 
pon, countenance). Facial expression of cholera. 
Choleropsis, kol-er-op'sis (cholera, opsis, counte- 
nance). Facial expression of cholera. 
Cholerotyphus, koi - er - o - ti' fus. Typhoid or ma- 
lignant form of cholera. 
Cholerrhagia, kol-er-rhaj'e-ah (chole, rhegnumi, to 
break forth). Active discharge of bile; cholera. 
Cholerrhcea, kol-er-rhe'ah (chole, rheo, to flow). Flow 
of bile; bilious diarrhcea. C. lymphat'ica, cholera. 
Cholestearinoma, kol-e-ste-ar-in-o'mah (chole, stear, 
suet). Cholesteatoma. 
Cholesteatin, kol-e-ste'at-in. Cholesterin. 
226 
CHOLOCYSTOPLEURITIS 
Cholesteatoma, kol-e-ste-a-to'mah (chole, steatoma). 
Pearl tumor. Encysted tumor, presenting upon the 
anterior of the cyst several superimposed layers of 
cholesterin, which glisten like pearl. Hence it was 
named by Cruveilhier the laminated nacreous fatty 
tumor, and it is sometimes termed the adipociriform. 
Cholesteraemia, koi - es - ter - e' me - ah (cholesterin, 
haima, blood). Presumed morbid condition in which 
an accumulation of retained cholesterin is supposed 
to exist in the blood. 
Cholesterin, kol-es'ter-in. Cholesterine, Choleste- 
arine, Cholesteatine, (chole, stear, suet), Adipocire, Cho- 
line. C26H43OH. It is an alcohol, cholesteric alcohol. 
Inodorous, insipid substance, in white, shining scales; 
fusible, and crystallizing, on cooling, in radiated fibres. 
It forms the crystalline part of certain biliary calculi; 
is found in the blood, the brain and nerves, the liver 
and spleen, the meconium, the crystalline lens, and 
in various tumors, deposits, and degenerations, as 
well as in the seeds of many plants, olive oil, etc. 
It is an ingredient of the excretion of the liver. 
See Adipocire. C. degeneration or disease, see 
Lardaceous. 
Cholesteritis, kol-es-ter-e'tis. See Confusio. 
Cholesteryl, kol-es'ter-il. Radical of cholesterin, 
C26H43. 
Choletelin, kol-et'e-lin. Derivative of ordinary bile- 
pigment by oxidation, found in the urine of patients 
suffering from affections of the liver. 
Choleuma, kol-u'mah (cholos, lame). Lameness of 
the hand. 
Choleverdin, kol-e-vur'din (chole, bile, viridis, 
green). Product of oxidation of biliverdin. 
Cholhsemia, koi-he'me-ah (chole, haima, blood). 
Cholsemia. 
Cholia, kol'e-ah. Lameness of the hand. 
Cholic (kol'ik) acid. Glycocholic acid. Azotized 
substance, an ingredient of the bile. This and tau- 
rocholic acid break up respectively into cholalic acid 
and glycocoll, and the same acid and taurin. 
Cholicele, kol-e-se'le (Eng. kol'e-seel) (chole, bile, 
kele, tumor). Swelling formed by the bile morbidly 
accumulated in the gall-bladder. 
Cholicus, kol'ik-us. Bilious. 
Cholihaemia, kol-e-he'me-ah (chole, haima, blood). 
Cholaemia. 
Choline, ko'leen. C5H15NO2. Cholesterin. Also a 
ptomaine or leucomaine found in bile and elsewhere, 
with action similar to, but more virulent than, neu- 
rine. Obtained by action of hydrochloric acid on 
hog-bile, but may be prepared synthetically. It is 
also found in fatty seeds and nuts, yolk of eggs, in 
the blood, lungs, heart, eye, placenta, etc. It is de- 
rived from decomposition of lecithin. The four 
ptomaines choline, neurine, betaine, and muscarine 
form the choline group. See Ptomaine (table). 
Cholius, kol'e-us (chole, bile). Bilious. 
Cholocatarrhophe (kol-o-kat-ar'rho-fe), Cholocatar- 
rhophe'sis, Cholocatarrhoph'ia (chole, katarropheo, 
to sup up). Absorption of bile. 
Cholochloin, kol-o-klo'in (chole, chloos, greenish 
yellow). See Cholechrome and Cholechlorine. 
Cholochlorin, kol-o-klor'in (chole, chlor os, green). 
See Cholocrome and Cholechlorine. 
Cholochrome, kol'o-krome (chole, chroma, color). 
Cholecrome. Term proposed by Thudicum to desig- 
nate coloring matter of bile in all its varieties. 
Cholophseine, Cholepyrrhine, Bilipheeine, and Biliful- 
vine are synonymous terms for the brown coloring 
matter, and Cholochlorine, Cholochloine, and Biliverdin 
for the green coloring matter. 
Cholocyanin, kol-o-si'an-in. Bilicyanin. 
Cholocystectasis (kol-o-sis-tek'ta-sis) or Cholocys- 
tecta'sia. Dilatation of the gall-bladder. 
Cholocystis, kol-o-sis'tis. Gall-bladder. 
Cholecystitis, kol-o-sis-te'tis. Inflammation of the 
gall-bladder. 
Cholocyston'cus. Cholecystoncus. 
Cholocystopleuritis, kol-o-sis-to-plu-re'tis (chole, 
bile, kustis, bladder, pleuritis). Inflammation of the 
gall -bladder and pleura. CHOLOCYSTORRHAPHY 
Cholocystor'rhaphy (chole, cystis), gall-bladder, 
rhaphe, suture). Operation for evacuation of contents 
of gall-bladder by incision through the abdominal 
walls and suture of the gall-bladder to the margins 
of the incision. 
Cholocystot'omy. Choiecystotomy. 
Cholodes, kol-o'des. Bilious. 
Cholodiarrhoea, kol-o-di-ar-rhe'ah. Bilious diar- 
rhoea. 
Cholodochi'tis. Choledochitis. 
Cholodysenter'ia. Bilious dysentery. 
Chologfaphy, kol-og'ra-fe (chole, grapho, to describe). 
Description of bile and biliary organs. 
Cholohsematin, kol-o-he'mat-in. Pigment from 
sheep's bile. 
Choloid, kol'oid (chole, eidos, resemblance). Having 
the appearance of bile. 
Choloidanic acid, kol-oid-an'ik as'id. C16H24O7. 
Acid obtained from cholalic acid by boiling cholic 
acid with nitric acid. 
Chololith, kol'o-lith (chole, lithos, stone). Biliary 
calculus. 
Chololithic, kol-o-lith'ik (chole, lithos, stone). Ee- 
lating to gall-stones. 
Chololithus, kol-ol'ith-us. Biliary calculus. 
Cholology, kol-ol'o-je (chole, bile, logos, discourse). 
The study or doctrine of bile. 
Choloma, kol-o'mah (cholos, lame, maimed). Distor- 
tion of a limb; incapacity of moving it. Also the act 
of limping; claudication. 
Cholophaein, kol-o-fe'in. See Chole- 
crome and Bile. 
Choloplania, kol-o-plan'e-ah (chole, planao, to lead 
astray). Jaundice. 
Cholopoesis, kol-o-po-e'sis. Formation of bile. 
Cholopoetic, kol-o-po-et'ik (chole, poieo, to make). 
Eelating or appertaining to the formation of bile. 
Cholorrhagia (kol-or-rhaj'e-ah) or Cholorhoe''a, 
(chole, bile, rhegnumi, to burst forth). Sudden dis- 
charge of bile. 
Cholorrhoea, kol-or-rhe'ah (chole, rheo, to flow). Ab- 
normous discharge of bile. 
Choloses, kol-o'sees (chole). Under this head may 
be included every morbid affection of the liver. 
Cholosis, koi-o'sis (cholos, lame). Claudication. 
Hippocrates employs this word particularly for a 
lameness of the hand which renders a person one- 
handed. Also, icterus; bilious dyscrasy. C. Ameri- 
ca'na, fever, yellow. 
Cholosterina, kol-o-ster-e'nah. Cholesterin. 
Cholotes, ko'lo-tes (cholos, lame). Cholosis. 
Cholozemia febrilis, kol-o-za'me-ah feb-re'lis (chole, 
zemia, detriment). Fever, bilious. 
Cholrine, kol'rin. Cholerine. 
Choluria, kol-u're-ah (chole, ouron, urine). Passage 
of bile in urine; greenish appearance of urine, sug- 
gestive of that of bile. 
Cholus, ko'lus. Bile. 
Cholystenterosectomy, kol-ist-en-ter-o-sek'tom-e. 
Ch olecy stenterostomy. 
Chon'dral. Eelating to cartilage. 
Chondralgla, kon-dral'je-ah (chondros, algos, pain). 
Pain in a cartilage. 
Chondrarthrocace, kon-drar-throk'as-e (chondros, 
arthron, joint). Disease affecting articular cartilage. 
Chondrectomy, kon-drek'tom-e (chondros, ektome, 
excision). Excision of a cartilage or a part of it. 
Chondrexarthroma (kon - dreks - ar - thro' mah), 
Chondrexarthro'sis, or Chondrexarthre'sis (chondros, 
cartilage, exarthreo, to dislocate). Displacement of a 
cartilage. 
Chondrlc, kon'drik. Cartilaginous. 
Chondrification, kon-drif-i-ka'shun (chondro, facio, 
to make). Formation of, or conversion into, cartilage. 
Chondrigen, kon'dre-jen (chondros, cartilage, gennao, 
to form). Cartilaginous substance yielding chondrin. 
Chondrin, kon'drin (chondros, cartilage). Chondrine. 
Variety of gelatinous substance, obtained by boiling 
the cornea, the permanent cartilages, and the bones 
before they are ossified. 
Chondrinogen, kon-drin'o-jen. Chondrigen, 
227 
CHON DROM ALACOSIS 
Chondritis, kon-dre'tis (chondro, itis). Inflamma- 
tion of cartilage. 
Chon'dro (chondros, cartilage). In composition, 
cartilage. 
Chondroblast, kon'dro-blast (chondro, blastos, germ). 
Cell forming cartilage. 
Chondrocatag'ma (chondro, katagma, fracture). 
Fracture of a cartilage. 
Chondrocele, kon - dro - se' le (Eng. kon'dro-seel). 
Sarcocele whose contents resemble cartilage. 
Chondroclasis, kon-drok'las-is (chondro, klasis, frac- 
ture). Fracture of a cartilage. 
Chondroclasts, kon'dro-klasts (chondro, cartilage, 
klao, to prune) Cells which are believed to exert an 
influence on the absorption of cartilage. 
Chondro - coracoideus, kon'dro-kor-ak-o-e'de-us 
(chondros, coracoideus, belonging to the coracoid pro- 
cess). Variation of the pectoralis major. 
Chondrocostal, kon-dro-kos'tal (chondro, costa, rib). 
Having relation to the ribs and their cartilages, as 
chondrocostal articulation, etc. 
Chondro-cranium, kon'dro-kran'e-um (chondro, 
kranion, skull). Embryonic form of cranium of the 
higher vertebrates. 
Chondrodendron tomentosum, kon-dro-dcn'dron 
to-men-to'sum (chondros, cartilage, dendron, tree). 
Climbing vine, ord. Menispermaceae, inhabiting Peru 
and Brazil; root furnishes pareira. 
Chondrodeocele, kon-dro-de-o-se'le (Eng. kon-dro'- 
de-o-seel). Chondrocele. 
Chondrodes, kon-dro'des. Cartilaginous, chondroid. 
Chondrodesma, kon-dro-dez'mah (chondro, desma, 
ligament). Cartilaginous ligament. 
Chondrodialysis, kon-dro-de-al'is-is (chondro, 
dialusis, dissolution). Decomposition or dissolution 
of cartilage. 
Chondrodynia, kon-dro-din'e-ah (chondro, odune, 
pain). Pain in a cartilage. 
Chondro-epitrochlearis, kon'dro-ep-e-trok-le-ah'- 
ris. Chondro-coracoideus. 
Chondrofibro'ma. Chondroma with elements of 
fibroma. 
Chondrogen, kon'dro-jen. Chondrigen. 
Chondrogenesia (kon-dro-jen-ez'e-ah) or Chondro- 
gen'esis (chondro, genesis, formation). Formation of 
cartilage; morbid conversion of parts into cartilage. 
Chondroglossus, kon-dro-glos'sus (chondro, glossa, 
tongue). Fasciculus of fleshy fibres, passing from the 
lesser cornu of the os hyoides to the tongue; forms 
part of the hyoglossus. 
Chondrography, kon-drog'ra-fe (chondro, graphe, a 
description). Description of cartilages. 
Chondroid, kon'droid (chondro, eidos, resemblance). 
Cartilaginiform; resembling cartilage. 
Chondrolith, kon'dro-lith (chondro, lithos, stone). 
Cartilage in state of concretion. 
Chondrology, kon-drol'o-je (chondro, logos, dis- 
course). Treatise on, or description of, cartilages. 
Chondroma, kon-dro'mah (chondro, oma). Benign 
osteosarcoma, Osteochondrophyte. Cartilaginous growth, 
not a simple growth or hyperplasia of pre-existing 
cartilage. Chondroma rarely arises from permanent 
cartilage; it usually proceeds from bones, including 
spina ventosa, osteosarcoma, etc., with many. It 
involves especially the extremities of the long 
bones and the bones of the hands and feet. The 
term, as well as Enchondroma, is also applied to 
growths which, histologically, resemble cartilage. 
To a pouched cartilaginous growth the term Cylin- 
droma has been given. The latter term has also 
been applied to a sarcomatous tumor met with in 
the eyelids, orbit, etc. Ecchondroses are simple out- 
growths from normal cartilage. Cartilaginous tumors 
may also be developed in soft parts entirely distinct 
from the bones or cartilages, as in the testicle, lungs, 
etc., and especially in the vicinity of the parotid 
gland. C., os'teoid, periosteoma. 
Chondromalacia, kon-dro-mal-ah'se-ah (chondros, 
cartilage, malakia, softening). Softening of cartilage. 
ChondromalacosiS; kon-dro-mal-ak-o'sis. Chondro- 
malacia. CHONDROMYCES 
Chondromyces, kon-dro-me'ses (chondros, mukes, 
fungus). Fungoid degeneration of cartilage. 
Chondromyxo'ma. Mucous enchondroma. 
Chondropharyngeus, kon-dro-far-in-je'us (chondros, 
cartilage, pharynx). Fibres of the muscular coat of the 
pharynx, arising from the lesser cornu of the os hy- 
oides, and forming part of the constrictor medius. 
See Constrictor pharyngis. 
Chondrophyma, kon-dro-fe'mah (chondro, phuma, 
tumor). Cartilaginous tumor; tumor involving car- 
tilage. 
Chondrophyte, kon'dro-fite (chondro, phuton, plant). 
Cartilaginous growth of a fungoid character. 
Chondroplast, kon'dro-plast (chondro, plasso, to 
form). Cartilage-cell. See Osteoplast. 
Chondroporosis, kon-dro-po-ro'sis (chondro, poros, 
pore). First stage of cartilaginous ossification. 
Chondros, kon'dros. Cartilage. 
Chondrosarcoma, kon-dro-sar-ko'mah. Cartilagin- 
ous sarcoma. 
Chondro-scapular (kon - dro - skap' u - lar) muscle. 
Muscular band occasionally found extending from 
first costal cartilage to superior margin of scapula. 
Chondrosis, kon-dro'sis (chondro, osis). Morbid 
formation or condition of cartilage. 
Chondrosternal, kon-dro-ster'nal (chondro, sternon, 
the breast-bone). Having relation to the cartilages 
of the ribs and breast-bone, as chondrosternal ligament, 
articulations, etc. 
Chondrosyndesmus, kon-dro-sin-dez'mus (chondro, 
sundesmos, ligament). Union of bones by means of 
fibro-cartilage; synchondrosis. 
Chondr otomy, kon-drot'o-me (chondro, tome, incis- 
ion). Dissection of cartilages, the instrument used 
being a chondrotome. 
Chondroxiphoid, kon-dro-zi'foid (chondros, carti- 
lage, xiphoid, the cartilage so called). Having rela- 
tion to the xiphoid cartilage, as Chondroxiphoid liga- 
ment. 
Chondrus, kon'drus. Cartilage; xiphoid cartilage 
in particular. Alica; Fucus crispus. C. cris'pus or 
mamillo'sus, Fucus crispus. C. polymorphus, Fucus 
crispus. 
Chonus, ko'nus (chonos). Infundibulum. 
Cho'part's amputa'tion. Amputation at the medio- 
tarsal articulation. See Amputation. C.'s mix'ture 
consists of copaiba, alcohol, sweet spirits of nitre, syr. 
tolutanus, and aqua menthse piperita?. 
Chopine, chop'een. Measure which contains 16 
ounces; pint measure. 
Chop'-nut. Calabar bean. 
Chorah, ko'rah (region). Any void space; also, the 
orbit of the eye. 
Chord, dorsal. Notochord. C., spermat'ic or 
testic'ular, spermatic cord. 
Chorda, kor'dah (chorde, gut, and hence a string 
made of gut). Cor da. Cord. It has several mean- 
ings, as tendon, intestines (Chordee), genital organs; 
Chorda, or funiculus tympani, a branch of the seventh 
pair of nerves, according to some; of the fifth pair, 
according to others, which passes through the tym- 
panum. Chordee Willisii, Trabeculee Willisii are the 
small fibres which cross the sinuses of the dura mater; 
so called from their first describer, Willis. Chordee 
tendineee are the tendinous and cordlike substances 
which connect the columnse carneae of the ventricles 
of the heart to the valves, etc. C. acus'tica, see Strife 
acusticee. C. arte'rise umbilica'lis, remains of umbil- 
ical artery. C. dorsa'lis, Dorsal chord, Notochord. 
Axis around which, according to Von Baer, the first 
parts of the fcetus are formed, the rudiment of the 
future vertebral column. C. duc'tus arterio'si, re- 
mains of ductus arteriosus, the chord from pulmonary 
artery to arch of aorta. C. d. veno'si, remains of 
ductus venosus, extending from left branch of portal 
vein to vena cava. C. Hippoc'ratis, Achillis tendo. 
C. longitudina'lis cor'poris callo'si, see Raphe. C. 
mag'na, tendo Achillis. C. obli'qua cu'biti, oblique 
ligament. C. pe'nis, chordee. C. spasmod'ica, chordee. 
C. spermat'ica, spermatic cord. C. spina'lis, spinal 
cord. C. tym'pani, see Chorda. C. umbilica'lis, 
228 
> CHOREA 
umbilical cord. C. ve'nse umbilica'lis, round ligament 
of the liver. C. vene'rea or ven'eris, chordee. C. 
vertebra'lis, spinal cord. 
Chordae, kor'de (pl. of Chorda). See Chorda. Chor- 
dee. C. acus'ticae, medullary striae. C. Ferren'ii, 
cords, vocal. C. internun'ciae, see Internuncial. C. 
longitudina'les Lancis'ii, see Raphe. C. oesophage'se, 
oesophageal nerves. C. serpenti'nae, small striae on 
floor of fourth ventricle, situated in front of fovea 
anterior. C. tendin'ese, small tendinous chords con- 
necting papillary muscles of heart with auriculo- 
ventricular valves; see Chorda. C. transversa'les 
Willisii, see Corpus callosum. C. voca'les, cords, vocal. 
C. volu'biles, C. serpentinae. C. Willisii, see Chorda. 
Chordal, kor'dal. Eelating to chord, cord, or noto- 
chord. C. sali'va, secretion of saliva which occurs 
when chorda tympani nerve is irritated. C. tis'sue, 
variety of connective tissue existing in the notochord. 
Chordapsus, kor-dap'sus (chorde, intestine, hapto, to 
tie). Constriction or twisting of the intestines. Colica 
ileus. See Enteritis and Ileus. 
Chordee, kor-de' (F. corder, to bind with a cord). 
Painful affection of the penis attending gonorrhoea, 
and happening chiefly at night. It occurs when the 
violence of the inflammation is such that the urethra 
cannot expand as much as the corpora cavernosa 
during erection, and consequently the glans seems 
painfully drawn downward, 
Chorditis, kor-de'tis. Inflammation of spermatic 
or vocal cords. C. tubero'sa, inflammation of the 
vocal cords. C. voca'lis, inflammation of the vocal 
cords. 
Chordurethritis, kord-u-re-thre'tis (chordee, urethri- 
tis'). Gonorrhoea accompanied with chordee. 
Chorea, ko-re'ah (choreia, a dance). St. Vitus's dance, 
St. John's dance, Viper's dance, because its movements 
resemble dancing. The characteristics are irregular 
and involuntary motions of one or more limbs, and 
of the face and trunk. It is a disease usually occur- 
ring before puberty, and is generally connected with 
torpor of the system, and of the digestive organs in 
particular. Its duration is long, but it is usually de- 
void of danger, although frequently but little under 
the control of medicine. The spasms do not continue 
during sleep. Indications of treatment are to 
strengthen the general system and stimulate the 
intestinal canal. Eest, mental and physical, purga- 
tives once or twice a week, and chalybeates, with 
appropriate regimen, will fulfil these. Chorea sal- 
tatoria-methodical or rhythmic chorea-is a form of 
the disease characterized by involuntary jumps, 
often taking place methodically or rhythmically. 
C. rotatoria is a form characterized by rotation or 
oscillation of the head or trunk or one limb; C. 
oscillatoria, by irregular or measured oscillations, 
partial or general, of the head, trunk, or limbs. 
Diaphragmatic or laryngeal chorea is a peculiar cry 
or bark accompanying tic non-douloureux. See Tic. 
C. Anglo'rum. Chorea proper. C., chronic, spasm 
of facial muscles. C. cor'dis, chorea with disor- 
dered action of the heart. C., diaphragmatic, see 
Chorea. C. dimidia'ta, hemichorea. C., elec'tric, 
Convulsivo-cerebral typhus, Dubini's disease, affection 
seen in certain districts of Lombardy, so called 
in consequence of the similarity between the con- 
vulsive shock of the limbs and the shocks caused 
by the action of the induction coil; very fatal. 
C. of the eye, C. oculi. C., fa'cial, spasm of 
facial muscles. C. festi'nans (/estino, to hurry), 
form of chorea in which the patient is irresistibly 
impelled to run forward or backward; see also Pa- 
ralysis agitans. C. Germano'rum, C. magna. C. ges- 
ticulato'ria, chorea. C., hereditary, C., Hunting- 
don's. C., Huntingdon's, form of chronic chorea of 
adults, affecting whole families, with irregular move- 
ments, confusion of speech, and dementia. C., hys- 
terical, see Hysteria. C. insaniens, disease of adults, 
particularly of period of pregnancy, in which there 
are violent movements, with delirium, fever, etc. C., 
larynge'al, see Chorea. C. mag'na or C. mag'na Ger- 
mano'rum, C. accompanied with convulsive motions CHOREGIA 
observed in hysterical persons or due to a psychosis. 
C. ma'jor, this form includes certain hysterical and 
hypnotic affections, often of an epidemic character, 
as rhythmical hysterical spasms, tarantism, etc.; C. 
magna. C., mani'acal, C. with great mental disturb- 
ance, in women especially. C., methodical, see 
Chorea. C., mimetic, C. caused by imitation of those 
so affected. C. mi'nor, C. proper. C. neural'gica, tic 
douloureux; see Chorea. C. nu'tans, C. in which 
there are nodding movements. C. oc'uli, clonic spasm 
of the muscles of the iris. C. oscillatoiia, see Chorea. 
C., pandemic, C. major. C., par'tial, see Tic. C., 
post-hemiple'gic and pre-hemiple'gic, choreiform 
movements before and after attack of hemiplegia. 
C., rhyth'mic, see Chorea. C. rotato'ria, see Chorea. 
C. saltato'ria, see Chorea. C. sanc'ti Johan'nis or 
Modes'ti, chorea. C. s. Valenti'ni, chorea; tarantis- 
mus. C. s. Vi'ti, chorea. C. scripto'rum, cramp, 
writer's. C. seni'lis, paralysis agitans and senile 
trembling. C. of Syd'enham, ordinary chorea. 
Choregia, ko-rej'e-ah (choros, a troop of dancers and 
singers, ago, to lead). Hippocrates uses this term for 
the whole of the apparatus necessary for a physician 
or surgeon. 
Choreic, ko-re'ik. Eelating or appertaining to, or 
having the characters of, chorea-; one affected with 
chorea. 
Choreiform. Eesembling chorea. 
Choremania, ko-re-man'e-ah (choreia, dance, mania). 
Chorea, especially C. Germanorum. 
Choreoid, ko're-oid. Eelating to the chorion. 
Choreomania, ko-re-o-man'e-ah. Chorea. 
Chorial, ko're-al. Eelating to the chorion. 
Chorio-blastoses, ko're-o-blas-to'ses (chorion, blas- 
tano, to sprout). Diseases of the chorion or of the 
corium and connective-tissue. 
Chorio-capillaris, ko're-o-kap-il-lah'ris. Inner layer 
of capillaries of choroid coat of the eye. 
Choriocele, ko-re-o-se'le (Eng. ko're-o-seel) (chorion, 
kele, tumor). Protrusion of the choroid tunic of the 
eye, resembling a hernia in appearance. 
Choriodeitis, ko-re-o-de-e'tis. Choroiditis. 
Choriodes (ko-re-o'des), Chorioidea (ko-re-o-e'de- 
ah), or Chorioides, ko-re-o-e'des. Choroid. 
Cho'riodo-cycli'tis. Inflammation of the choroid 
extending to the ciliary body. 
Cho'riodo-iri'tis. Inflammation of the choroid in- 
volving the iris; as in Choriodo-retinitis the retina is 
similarly affected. 
Chorioiditis, ko-re-o-e-de'tis. Choroiditis. 
Chorion, ko're-on (chorion, skin, or choreo, to con- 
tain). The true chorion; thin, transparent membrane 
surrounding the fcetus in utero on every side. It is a 
complex membrane made up of two parts, viz.: the 
membranes of the ovum, external to the pleuro-peri- 
toneal cavity, that is to say, of the vitelline mem- 
brane and false amnion; and secondly, of the allan- 
tois, which is a diverticulum of the splanchnopleura 
and hypoblast pushed out into the pleuro-peritoneal 
cavity (Gray). Soon after the entrance of the ovum 
into the uterus, villous prolongations are formed on 
its surface, which have given it the name shaggy cho- 
rion or chorion frondosum. These villi are the agents 
of the absorption of nutritive matter for the foetus. 
By some anatomists the chorion is considered to be 
formed of two layers: the outer, called by Burdach 
exochorion; the inner, endochorion. The chorion is 
exterior to the amnion. Also the true skin. See Co- 
rium nnd Cutis. By some the zona pellucida. C., cys'- 
tic disease of, see Hydatid mole. C. frondo'sum, see 
Chorion. C. fungo'sum, decidua. C. Ise've, non-vil- 
lous part of the chorion. C., prim'itive, zona pellu- 
cida. C. reticula'tum, decidua. C., shag'gy, see 
Chorion and Decidua. C. spongio'sum, see Decidua. 
C., spon'gy, see Decidua. C. tomento'sum, see De- 
cidua. C., vil'lous, C., shaggy. 
Chorionic, ko-re-on'ik. Eelating to the chorion. 
Chorionitis, ko-re-on-e'tis (chorion, itis). Cystitis. 
Chorio-retinitis, ko're-o-ret-in-e'tis. Choroiditis 
complicated with retinitis. C.-r. dissemina'ta, C.-r., 
usually syphilitic, followed by exudation and atrophy. 
229 
CHOROIDEA 
C.-r., equatorial, C.-r. affecting the periphery of the 
retina. 
Choristocephalus, kor-is-to-sef'al-us. Double mon- 
ster with separate heads. 
Chorium, ko're-um. Chorion. 
Choroid, ko'roid (chorion, skin, eorium, eidos, re- 
semblance). Several parts are so called which re- 
semble the chorion in the multitude of their vessels. 
C. ap'oplexy, effusion of blood from the choroidal 
vessels, from traumatic causes, between the choroid 
and retina; detected by ophthalmoscopic examina- 
tion. C. ar'teries, anterior choroid, small branch of 
the internal carotid, distributed especially to the cho- 
roid plexus. The posterior, similarly distributed, 
comes from the posterior cerebral. C. coat, see Cho- 
roidea tunica. C. mus'cle, ciliary muscle. C. plex'- 
us, two membranous and vascular duplicatures of the 
pia mater, situate in the lateral ventricles; they are 
fixed to the tela choroidea by one edge, and are loose 
and floating at the other. C., sarco'ma of, see Sar- 
coma. C. tu'nic or mem'brane, choroidea tunica. C. 
veins, choroideae venae. C. web, choroidea tela. 
Choroid'al ring. The outer ring, seen with the 
ophthalmoscope, which bounds the choroid coat of 
the eye at the entrance of the optic nerve. 
Choroidea (ko-ro-e'de-ah) infe'rior. Choroid plexus 
of fourth ventricle. C. supe'rior, choroid plexus of 
lateral ventricles. C. te'la, a kind of vasculo-mem- 
branous prolongation of the pia mater which lines 
the lower surface of the fornix united with the 
corpus callosum. It is stretched above the third 
ventricle, and covers the posterior commissure and 
corpora quadrigemina. Anteriorly, the tela cho- 
roidea is continuous with the plexus choroides. 
C. or Chorioi'dea tu'nica, or simply the Choroid, 
Vascular membrane, thin, highly vascular membrane, 
of a very dark color, which lines the sclerotica inter- 
nally. The part behind the iris is called Uvea. Situ- 
ate between the sclerotica and retina, it has an open- 
ing posteriorly for the passage of the optic nerve, and 
terminates anteriorly at the great circumference of 
the iris, where it is continuous with the ciliary pro- 
cesses. Its outer surface is pretty intimately attached 
to the sclerotica by blood-vessels and nerves, as well 
as by a delicate brown tissue, which has been called 
Lamina fusca. Its inner surface is smooth, and lies in 
contact with the retina. The choroid consists mainly 
of a dense capillary plexus and of small arteries and 
veins to and from this plexus. On its external sur- 
face, next the sclerotic, is a thin membrane of fine 
elastic fibres arranged in lamellae, the Lamina supra- 
choroidea, continuous with the lamina fusca of the 
sclerotic, and covered with endothelium and forming 
spaces which communicate, by perforations in the 
sclerotic through which the vessels and nerves enter, 
with the capsule of Tenon. Internal to this is the 
choroid proper, consisting of two layers, the outermost 
composed of small arteries and veins, with pigment- 
cells interspersed between them, and the inner con- 
sisting of a capillary plexus. The external layer con- 
sists, in part, of the larger branches of the short 
ciliary arteries, but is formed principally of veins, 
the venee vorticosie, which converge to four or five 
equidistant trunks that pierce the sclerotic midway 
between the margin of the cornea and the entrance 
of the optic nerve. Interspersed between the vessels 
are dark star-shaped pigment-cells, fibrous offsets 
from which, communicating with similar branchings 
from neighboring cells, form a delicate network or 
stroma which toward the inner surface of the choroid 
loses its pigmentary character. The internal layer 
consists of an exceedingly fine capillary plexus 
formed by the short ciliary vessels, and known as the 
Tunica Ruyschiana, on the inner surface of which is a 
very thin, structureless-or, according to Kblliker, 
faintly fibrous-membrane, called the lamina vitrea, 
closely connected with the stroma of the choroid and 
separating it from the pigmentary layer of the.retina 
(Gray). The layers of pigment-cells, called pigmen- 
tum nigrum, stratum pigmenti, ophthalmochroites, 
7Ethiops animal, absorb the rays of light after they CHOROIDEITIS 
have traversed the retina. Others make the choroid 
consist of three layers, the innermost of which is the 
membrana pigmenti or Bruchii, membrane of Bruch. C. 
ve'nse, two veins that creep along the tela choroidea, 
into which almost all those of the lateral ventricles 
of the upper part of the cerebellum, of the pineal 
gland, and the corpora quadrigemina open. The venae 
Galeni open into the sinus quartus or fourth sinus. 
Choroideitis, ko-ro-e-de-e'tis. Choroiditis. 
Choroidere'mia. Absence of choroid. 
Choroides (ko-ro-e'des) or Choroideus, ko-ro-e'de-us. 
Choroid. 
Choroiditis, ko-ro-e-de'tis (choro'ides, itis). Choroide- 
itis, Internal ophthalmia. Inflammation of the choroid 
coat of the eye may be either specific, as from 
syphilis-Syphilitic choroiditis-or non-specific-Sim- 
ple choroiditis. Choroiditis disseminata or exudativa 
is characterized by disseminated exudations of a buff 
color on the surface and into the tissue of the cho- 
roid, producing atrophy of the choroid. Choroiditis 
may be complicated with inflammation of the retina, 
sclerotica, iris, etc., as Retino-choroiditis, Sclerotico-cho- 
roiditis, Choroido-iritis, etc. Suppurative choroiditis in- 
volves all the tissues of the eye, and is generally of 
traumatic origin. See Panophthalmitis. C. dissemi- 
na'ta, see Choroiditis. C. exudati'va, see Choroiditis. 
C. sero'sa, see Glaucoma. C., sim'ple, see Choroiditis. 
C., specific, see Choroiditis. C., sup'purative, see 
Choroiditis and Panophthalmitis. 
Choro'ido-cyclitis, ko-ro-e'do-sik-le'tis. Inflamma- 
tion of. choroid and ciliary parts. 
Choroido-iritis, ko-ro-e'do-e-re'tis. See Irido-cho- 
roiditis. 
Choroido-retinitis, ko-ro-e'do-ret-in-e'tis. Inflam- 
mation of choroid and retina. See Chorio-retinitis. 
Choromania, ko-ro-man'e-ah (choros, dance, mania). 
Chorea, especially C. Germanorum. 
Chorosynclonus, ko-ro-sin'klo-nus (choros, dance, 
sun, kloneo, to raise a commotion). General chorea. 
Chortasthma, kort-asth'mah (chortos, hay). Hay 
fever. 
Chosis, ko'sis (choo, to heap up). Application of 
hot sand to the body, as in a sand bath. 
Chow'der. A favorite New England dish, made of 
fish, pork, onions, and biscuit, stewed together. In 
Devonshire, England, chowder is a fish-seller. In the 
west of England chowder beer is a liquor made by boil- 
ing black spruce in water, and mixing it with molasses. 
Chremma, krem'-mah (chremma, sputum). Sputum. 
Chrempsis, kremp'sis. Exspuition. 
Chrisis, kre'sis (chrio, to anoint). Action of an- 
ointing. Inunction. 
Chrism. Chrisma. 
Chrisma, kris'mah. The act of anointing; salve 
or liniment used. 
Chris'tison's form'ula. Formula for calculating 
the solids in urine. Multipy the last two figures of 
the specific gravity by 2 for specific gravities below 
1018, and by 2.33 for specific gravities above 1018, the 
result being the amount of solids per 1000 parts. 
Christ'mas rose. Helleborus niger. 
Christopher (kris'tof-er) herb. Actaea spicata. 
Christophoria'na Canaden'sis racemo'sa. Actaea 
racemosa. C. spica'ta, Actaea spicata. 
Christus, kris'tus (christos, anointed). Liniment 
or ointment. 
Chroa, kro'ah. Chrcea, Chroma. Color in general; 
surface of the body; skin. 
Chro'ma (chroa, color). Color. See Chroa. 
Chromacrinia, kro-mah-krin'e-ah (chroma, krino, 
to separate). Secretion of colored matter, as from the 
skin, by perspiration. 
Chromasciameter, krom - as - ce - am' et - ur (chroma, 
color, skia, shadow, metron, measure). Apparatus for 
testing color-sense by contrasting colors. 
Chromaskioptikon, kro-mah-ske-op'tik-on (chroma, 
color, skia, shadow, optikos, seeing). Apparatus for de- 
tecting color-blindness by the use of colored shadows. 
Chro'mate. Salt of chromic acid. 
Chromatelopsis, kro-mah-tel-op'sis (chroma, color, 
ateles, incomplete, opsis, sight.) Color-blindness. 
230 
' CH ROMOGEN ETIC 
Chromatic, kro-mat'ik. Relating to color. C. ab- 
erration, see Aberration. 
Chromatin, kro'mat-in. Cell-substance having 
special capacity for coloration; a delicate plexus of 
fibrils found in nuclei of cells. See Nucleoplasm and 
Karyoplasm. 
Chromatism, kro'mat-izm. Color production; un- 
natural coloration. 
Chromatogenous, kro-mat-oj'en-us (chroma, gennao, 
to generate). Producing color, as chromatogenous ap- 
paratus. C. apparatus, supposititious glandular ap- 
paratus for producing the coloring matter of the skin, 
composed of a glandular or secreting parenchyma, 
situate a little below the papillae, and presenting 
special excretory ducts, which pour out the coloring 
matter on the surface of the true skin. 
Chromatol'ogy (chroma, logos, description). Science 
of colors. Examination of color spectroscopically. 
Chromatometablepsia, kro-mat-o-met-ah-blep'se- 
ah (chroma, color, meta, blepo, to look upon). Color- 
blindness. 
Chromatometer, kro-mat-om'et-ur (chroma, metron, 
measure). Color-measuring instrument. 
Chromatometry, kro-mat-om'et-re. Measurement 
of relativeness of color intensity. 
Chromatopathic, kro-mat-o-path'ik (chroma, pathos, 
disease). Affecting the pigment system of the skin. 
Chromatopathic affections include melasma, leucas- 
mus, xanthocroia, achroma, ephelis, etc. 
Chromatophobia, kro-mat-o-fo'be-ah (chroma, pho- 
bos, dread). Morbid sensibility to certain colors. 
Chromatopseudopsia, kro - mat - o - su - dop' she - ah 
(chroma, pseudes, false, opsis, vision). Achromatopsia. 
Chromatopsia, kro-mat-op'se-ah. Chromopsia. 
Chromatoptometry, kro-mat-op-tom'et-re. Meas- 
urement of color sense. 
Chromatoses, kro-mat-o'ses. Skin diseases cha- 
racterized by excess or absence or deficiency of pig- 
ment. 
Chromatosis, kro-mat-o'sis. Pigmentation of tissue. 
Chromatoskiameter, kro-mat-o-ski-am'et-ur. Chro- 
maskiopticon. 
Chromaturia, kro-mat-u're-ah (chroma, ouron, 
urine). Discharge of urine of an unnatural color. 
Chrome alum. Sulphate of chromium and potassium. 
Chromhidro'sis or Chromidrosis, kro-mid-ro'sis 
(chroma, hidros, sweat). Abnormal coloration of the 
perspiratory secretion, as in stearrhcea nigricans, 
seborrhcea nigricans, and pityriasis nigricans. 
Chromhydrosis, krom-hid-ro'sis (chroma, hudor, 
water). Stearrhcea nigricans. 
Chromic acid, kro'mik as'id. Acidum chromicum 
(CrOs), chromic anhydride. Obtained by crystalliza- 
tion from a mixture of bichromate of potassa and oil of 
vitriol. Has been used as an escharotic in external 
hemorrhoids, and is well suited to the destruction of 
morbid growths, condylomata, excrescences, etc., being 
said to give less pain than other caustics. It is used 
in dentistry as a hemostatic for painting on syphilitic 
ulcers, and as an application to tender- and sweaty feet 
in ozaena and gonorrhoea. 
Chromidrosis, kro-mid-ro'sis (chroma, color, hidro- 
sis, sweat). Condition attended with coloration of 
the sweat. 
Chro'mium. An element whose compounds are but 
little used in medicine; chromic acid is a teroxide, 
C., hy'drated sesquiox'ide of, this substance has been 
employed as an astringent and tonic in cholera in- 
fantum and other diseases of the alimentary canal. 
Chromoblast, kro'mo-blast (chroma, blastos, bud). 
A pigment-producing cell. 
Chromocrinia, kro-mo-kriu'e-ah (chroma, krino, to 
separate). Secretion of colored matter, as from the 
skin, by perspiration. Chromidrosis. ■ 
Chromocytom'eter. Instrument for determining 
the amount of haemoglobin in the blood. 
Chromogen, kro'mo-jen (chroma, gennao, to pro- 
duce). Animal tissue color-producing in certain chem- 
ical contacts. Micro-organisms which form pigment 
are called Chromogenes. 
Chromogenetic, kro-mo-jen-et'ik. Chromogenic. CHROMOGENIC 
Chromogenic, kro-mo-gen'ik. Color-producing, as 
in the case of the bacterium rubescens. 
Chromogenous, kro-moj'en-us. Chromogenic, 
chromogenetic. 
Chromoleptic, kro-mo-Iep'tik (chroma, lambano, to 
take). Easily colored. 
Chromomictor, kro-mo-mik'tor. Apparatus for 
mingling different-colored lights. 
Chromophane, kro' mo - fane (chroma, phaino, to 
show). Coloring substance of retina. 
Chromophanes, kro'mo-fanes. Retina colors, chlo- 
rophane, xanthophane, and rhodophane-green, yel- 
low, and red. 
Chromophilous, kro-mof'il-us (chroma, phileo, to 
love). Easily colored; chromoleptic. Term applied 
in particular to cell-nucleus. 
Chromophytosis, kro-mo-fit-o'sis (chroma, phuton, 
growth). In this country synonymous with tinea 
versicolor; in continental Europe with pityriasis ver- 
sicolor. Phytosis versicolor. 
Chromopseudopsis, kro - mo - su - dop' sis. Color- 
blindness. 
Chromopsia, kro-mop'se-ah (chroma, opsis, vision). 
Chroopsy, Chromopsy, Iridescent vision. State of vision 
in which a colored impression, as of the rainbow, is 
made on the retina ; said to be observed in inflamma- 
tion of the optic nerve, jaundice, etc. 
Chromoptometer, kro-mop-tom'et-ur (chroma, me- 
tron, measure). Apparatus for testing color sense. 
Chromosteatodes, kro-mo-sta-at-o'des (chroma, 
st ear, fat). Affection of the skin characterized by 
alteration in the color of the sebaceous secretion. 
Chronic, kron'ik (chronos, time). Of long duration. 
C. diseases are those whose duration is long or whose 
symptoms proceed slowly; the antithesis to chronic is 
acute. 
Chronicity, kro-nis'it-e. State of being chronic, as 
a disease. 
Chronius, kro'ne-us. Chronic. 
Chronograph, kro'no-graf (chronos, time, grapho, to 
write). Instrument for recording intervals of time. 
Chronogynia, kro-no-jin'e-ah (chronos, time, gune, a 
woman). Menstruation. 
Chrononosi, kro-non'o-se (chronos, nosos, disease). 
Chronic diseases. 
Chronopathise, kro-no-path - e'e (sing. Chrono- 
pathi'a) (chronos, pathos, affection). Chronic diseases. 
Chronoscope, kro'no-skope (chronos, skopeo, to view). 
Electro-magnetic clock for recording fractional parts 
of a second. 
Chronothermal, kro-no-thur'mal (chronos, time, 
therms, heat). Relating to time and temperature; epi- 
thet given to a fanciful system which maintains that 
there can be no increase or diminution of temperature 
without motion; that motion consists in attraction 
and repulsion, and these being peculiar to electric 
action, medicines must change the motions of the 
system and be electrical in their operation. 
Chroopsy, kro-op'se (chroa, color, opsis, vision). 
State of vision in which a colored impression, as of a 
rainbow, is made on the retina. 
Chrotici, krot'is-e (chros, skin). Cutaneous dis- 
eases. 
Chrotopsia, kro-top'se-ah (chroa, color, opsis, vis- 
ion). Chroopsy. 
Chrupsia, kroop'se-ah (chroa, color, opsis, vision). 
Chroopsy. 
Chrupsy, kroop'se. Chroopsy. 
Chrysa fibraurea, kre'sa fib-raw're-ah (chruseos, of 
a golden color). Coptis. 
Chrysalea, kris-al'e-ah. Nitromuriatic acid. 
Chrysalis, kris'al-is (chrusos, gold). The pupa of 
insects. 
Chrysammic acid, kris-am'ik as'id (chruseos, golden, 
ammos, sand). Acid obtained from aloes or from 
treating chrysophanic acid with nitric acid. 
Chrysanilin, kris-an'il-in. Anilin yellow. 
Chrysanthemum, kris-an'them-um (chryso, anthe- 
mon, flower). Calendula officinalis. C. leucan'the- 
mum, Ox-eye daisy, Daisy, Whiteweed, Goldens, Maud- 
linwort, ord. Composite; flowers and herb are slightly 
231 
CHYLARION 
acrid, and were once used in pulmonary diseases. C. 
parthe'nium, Matricaria parthenium. 
Chrysarobin, kris-ar-o'bin (chruseos, golden, ara- 
roba). C30H26O7. Chrysarobinum (Ph. U. S. and Br.); 
extract from Goa powder, product of decay of Andira 
araroba, of Brazil; a yellow powder, found very use- 
ful in cutaneous affections, as psoriasis and chronic 
eczema; internally it is emetic and cathartic. 
Chryse, kris'e (chruseos, golden). Name of an an- 
cient yellow plaster, composed of thus, alum, lead, 
colophony, resin, oil, and orpiment, boiled in vinegar. 
Chrysitis, kris-e'tis (chrusites, golden). See Plumbi 
oxidum semivitreum. 
Chryso, kris'o (chrusos, gold). In composition, 
gold. 
Chrysobalanus Galeni, kris-o-bal'an-us gal-a'ne 
(chryso, balanos, nut). See Myristica moschata. 
Chrysobarin, kris-o-bar'in. Chrysarobin. 
Chrysochalcus, kris-o-kal'kus (chryso, chdlkos, cop- 
per). Brass. 
Chrysocolla, kris-o-kol'lah (chryso, holla, glue or 
cement). Borax. 
Chrysocoma, kris-ok'o-mah (chryso, home, hair). 
Achillea millefolium. 
Chrysokreatinin, kris-o-kre-at'in-in (chruseos, 
golden, kreas, meat). A leucomaine from muscle 
resembling kreatinine. 
Chrysolachanum, kris-o-lak'an-um (chryso, lacha- 
non, potherb). Chenopodium bonus Henricus. 
Chrysolepic acid, kris-o-lep'ik as'id. Picric acid. 
Chrysolithus, kris-ol'ith-us (chryso, lithos, stone). 
Chrysolite. Precious stone, of a golden color, regarded 
by the ancients as cardiac, cephalic, etc. 
Chrysomelia, kre-so-me'le-ah (chryso, melon, apple). 
See Citrus aurantium. 
Chrysophan, kris'of-an (chrusos, phaino, to shine). 
Yellowish powder obtained from senna and rhubarb. 
Chrysophanate (kris-of 'an-ate) of zinc. Brownish- 
red powder; compound of chrysophanic acid and zinc. 
Chrysophanic (kris-o-fan'ik) acid. Acid derived 
from Goa powder, senna, rhubarb, and several other 
vegetable substances; and by oxidation from chrysa- 
robin. 
Chrysophyllum (kris-o-fil'lum) Buranhem (chryso, 
phullon, leaf). Monesia. C. caini'to, broad-leaved 
star apple. Tree of the Antilles, ord. Sapotaceae, which 
produces one of the best fruits of the country; there 
are several varieties of it. C. glyciphlse'um, monesia. 
Chrysopus, kris'o-pus (chruseos, of a golden color). 
Cambogia. 
Chrysos, kris'os (chrusos). Gold. 
Chrysospermum, kris-o-spur'mum (chryso, sperma, 
seed). Sempervivum tectorum. 
Chrysosplenium, kris-o-splen'e-um. Genus of Saxi- 
fragacese. C. alternifo'lium and C. oppositifo'lium, 
two species, the herbs of which were formerly em- 
ployed as mild laxatives. 
Chthonophagia, thon-o-fah'je-ah (chthon, earth, pha- 
go, to eat). Dirt-eating. Disorder of the nutritive 
functions observed ainong the negroes of the South 
and of the West Indies, in which there is an irresist- 
ible desire to eat dirt. It is accompanied by most of 
the signs of chlorosis. The Ottomacs on the Orinoco, 
and the natives of portions of the Hudson's Bay ter- 
ritory, are Chthonoph'agi, or earth-eaters, the earth 
being a form of steatite. See Geophagism. 
Chthononosology, thon-o-nos-ol'o-je (chthon, earth, 
nosos, disease, logos, description). The geography of 
diseases. 
Chumosis, ku-mo'sis. Chemosis. 
Chunus. See Lichen tropicus. 
Churn'milk. Buttermilk. 
Chur'rus. See Cannabis. 
Chus (choos). Liquid measure among the Greeks, 
answering to the congius of the Romans, and contain- 
ing six sextarii, or twelve Attic cotyke, or nine pints. 
Chyazic, ke-az'ik. Relating to hydrocyanic acid. 
Chylangioma, kil-an-je-o'mah (chylus, angioma). 
Dilated condition of the lymphatics. 
Chylar, kile'ar. Chylous. 
Chylarion, kil-ar'e-on. See Chyle. CHYLARIOSE 
Chylariose, kile-a're-oze. The natural sugar of 
fruits. 
Chyle, kile (chulos, juice, or chuo, to pour). The word, 
in Hippocrates, means Tisane or Decoction of Barley, 
Chylalrion. Galen first used it in its present sense-i. e. 
for a nutritive fluid, extracted by intestinal absorption 
from food which has been subjected to the action of 
the digestive organs. It is of a whitish appearance, 
and is formed from the chyme in the duodenum, and 
the rest of the small intestines, by the chyliferous 
vessels, which arise at the mucous surface of the in- 
testine. Along these it passes through the mesenteric 
glands to the thoracic duct, and is finally poured into 
the left subclavian. It is composed, like the blood, 
of a fluid-liquor chyli-and of chyle-corpuscles or 
globules, the average size of which is about of an 
inch. They who regard the chyle to be nothing more 
than fatty matter of the food apply the term to the 
emulsified oil in the intestinal canal even before it is 
taken up by the chyliferous vessels. See Chyme. C. 
cor'puscles, see Chyle. C. res'ervoir, receptaculum 
chyli. C. ves'sels, lymphatics of the mesentery. 
Chylectica, kil-ek'tik-ah (chylus, hektikos, hectic). 
Disease associated with secretion of chyle. 
Chyletus scabiei, kil-a'tus ska-be'a-e. Acarus 
scabiei. 
Chylidrosis, kil-id-ro'sis (chylus, hidrosis, sweating). 
Sweating of milky fluid. 
Chyliferous, kile-if'er-us (chylus, fero, to carry). 
Chyle-bearing. C. ves'sels, Lacteals; vessels which 
convey the chyle from the intestines to the thoracic 
duct. They have also been called Galactophorous 
vessels. 
Chylification, kile-if-i-ka'shun (chylus, facio, to 
make). Formation of chyle during the digestive 
processes. It has, at times, been applied to the changes 
produced on the aliment in the small intestine, but is 
now restricted to the act of forming chyle at the 
radicles of the chyliferous vessels. 
Chyline, kil-e'na. Cyclamen. 
Chylisma, kil-iz'mah (chuliso, to press out juice). 
Expressed juice, or even the dregs, of plants. 
Chylismus, kil-iz'mus. The act of expressing the 
juice of vegetables, etc. 
Chylocystls, kil-o-sis'tis (chylus, kustis, bladder). 
Eeceptaculum chyli. 
Chylodes, kil-o'des. Chylous. 
Chylodiabetes, kile-o-di-ah-be'tes. Chyluria. 
Chylodiarrhcea, kile-o-di-ar-rhe'ah. Cceliac flux. 
Chylodochium, kil-o-dok-e'um (dechomai, to receive). 
Eeceptaculum chyli. 
Chylography, kile-og'ra-fe (chylus, graphe, descrip- 
tion). Description of the anatomy, etc. of the chy- 
liferous vessels. 
Chylo-pericardium, kil'o-per-e-kar'de-um. Effu- 
sion of chyle within the pericardium. 
Chylopoetic, kile-o-po-et'ik. Eelating to or con- 
nected with the formation of chyle; chiefly applied 
to the organs immediately concerned in it, as the 
stomach, intestines, omenta, and mesentery. Assist- 
ant chylopoetic organs are viscera which aid in the for- 
mation of chyle, as the liver and pancreas. 
Chylopoiesis, kil-o-poi-e'sis (chylus, poieo, to make). 
Chylification. 
Chylorrhcea, kil-or-rhe'ah (chylus, rheo, to flow). 
Excessive flow of chyle; diarrhoea with milk-colored 
discharges; cceliac flux. C. pec'toris, chylothorax. 
C. rena'lis, chyluria. C. urina'lis, chyluria. 
Chylosis, kil-o'sis. Chylification. 
Chylothorax, kil-o-tho'raks (chylus, thorax, chest). 
Effusion of chyle into the chest, owing to the rupture 
of a chyliferous vessel. 
Chylous, ki'lus. Eelating to chyle, or having some 
analogy to that fluid. 
Chyluria, kil-u're-ah (chylus, ouron, urine). Chylous 
urine. Discharge of milky urine without any ap- 
parent lesion of the kidneys or bladder. 
Chylus, ki'lus. Chyle; decoction; succus. 
Chyme, kime (chumos, juice, or chuo, to pour). Chymus. 
Pulp formed by the food mixed with the supradia- 
phragmatic and gastric secretions after it has been for 
232 
CICATRIZATION 
some time in the stomach. In this state it continues 
until it reaches the biliary and pancreatic ducts, which 
open into the duodenum, where the conversion into 
chyle occurs, which is absorbed by the chyliferous 
vessels-the excrementitious portion of the food trav- 
ersing the large intestine to be evacuated per anum. 
Chyme and Chyle were used in an inverse sense by 
the ancients to that accepted at present. 
Chymi, kim'e (chumoi). Humors. 
Chymi'a, Chymia'ter, Chym'ical, Chym'ist, Chym'- 
istry, etc. See corresponding words commencing with 
Chem. 
Chymification, kime-if-i-ka'shun (chymus, facio, to 
make). Formation of chyme. See Chyme. 
Chymochezia, kim-o-ka'ze-ah (chymus, chezo, to go 
to stool). Coeliac flux. 
Chymoplania, kim-o-plan'e-ah (chymus, plane, a 
wandering). Transposition of secretions. Family of 
diseases, including icterus, uroplania, menoplania, and 
galactoplania. 
Chymorrhcea, kim-or-rhe'ah (chymus, rheo, to flow). 
Cceliac flux; lientery. 
Chymosin, kim-o'sin. Pepsin. 
Chymosis, kim-o'sis. Chemosis; chymification. 
Chymous, ki'mus. Eelating to or resembling 
chyme. 
Chymozemia, kim-o-za'me-ah (chymus, zemia, loss). 
Morbid increase in the quantity of the secretions. 
Chymus, ki'mus. Chyme. 
Chytlen (chit'len) ra'dix. Cylindrical root, bitter 
and inodorous, brought from China. The Chinese re- 
gard it as stomachic. 
Chytlon, chit'lon (chuo, to pour out). Liquid for- 
merly used for rubbing the body after bathing. 
Cibarious, se-ba're-us. Esculent. 
Cibarium, se-bah're-um (cibus). Aliment. 
Cibarius panis, se-bah're-us pan'is. Coarse bread. 
Bread made of second flour. 
Cibation, se-bah'shun (cibus, food). The taking of 
food. In pharmacy it is the same as incorporation. 
Cibotium (se - bo' te - um) or Cibo'tion. Genus of 
ferns. C. Bar'ometz, growing in China; rhizome pos- 
sesses astringent properties; the hairs are also em- 
ployed in medicine. 
Cibus, se'bus. Aliment. C. al'bus, blanc mange. 
C. deo'rum, asafeetida. 
Cicatrices (pl. of Cicatrix) ovariorum, sik-at-re'ses 
o-var-e-o'rum. Cicatrices or scars left in the ovary 
after escape of the ova. 
Cicatricial, sik-at-rish'al (cicatrix). Eelating or ap- 
pertaining to, or having the character of, a cicatrix. 
C. tis'sue, variety of connective tissue in which but 
few cells and vessels are present; it exists in wounds 
and ulcers when they are undergoing the process of 
healing. 
Cicatriciform (sik-at-ris'i-form) or Cicat'rifonn. 
Eesembling a cicatrix. 
Cicatricula, sik - at - rik' u - lah (dim. of Cicatrix). 
Small cicatrix. The term is also applied to a small 
white spot, called the tread, chalaza, chalazium, observ- 
able at the surface of a fecundated egg. Archiblast; 
the blastoderm of an egg ; see Molecule. 
Cicatrisantia, sik-at-riz-an'she-ah. Eemedies for- 
merly considered to be capable of producing cicatri- 
zation. 
Cicatrix, sik-a'triks (cseco, to conceal, because it 
conceals the wound). Cicatrice. Scar; seam. Union 
of parts which have been divided. A scar or for- 
mation, of a reddish color, afterward whitish, and 
of variable thickness, which takes place at the sur- 
face of wounds or ulcers after their cure. A cicatrix 
may vary much in shape, consistence, and thickness. 
The cicatrix of a bone is called callus. A vicious cica- 
trix is one which interferes with the action of the 
parts on which it occurs. The scars after small-pox 
are called pits or pockmarks; see Pockmark. C., 
atroph'ic, C. depressed below the level of the sur- 
rounding surface. C., hy'pertrophic, C. elevated 
above the surrounding surface. C. vari'olse, pock- 
mark. 0., vic'ious, see Cicatrix. 
Cicatrization, sik-at-ri-za'tion. Process by which CICELY 
a cicatrix is formed. Every tissue, except the nails, 
epidermis, hair, and enamel, is, probably, capable of 
cicatrization. 
Cicely (sis'el-e), sweet. Chjerophyllum odoratum, 
Osmorrhiza longistylis, Scandix odorata. 
Cicer arietinum, se'ser ar-e-at-e'num. Cicer plant. 
Seeds are ground into flour, and used as bread in 
some countries. C. lens, Ervum lens. 
Cicera tartari, sis'er-ah tar'tar-e. Small pills of 
turpentine and cream of tartar, of the size of a vetch 
or cicer. 
Cichore, sik-o're. Cichorium intybus. 
Cichoreum. Cichorium. 
Cichoria. Cichorium intybus. 
Cichorium (sik-o're-um) agres'te or cris'pum. C. 
intybus. C. endiv'ia, systematic name of the Endive, 
Endivia, or Endiva. Common potherb of the East, 
and eaten as salad; the root roasted and ground is 
often mixed with coffee. C. in'tybus, systematic 
name of the Wild succory, Wild cichory, Cichory, Chic- 
ory, Wild endive, Witloof succory, Bunk. It is bitter, 
and has been given as a tonic and alterative; root, 
roasted and ground, is often used instead of, or 
mixed with, coffee. C. officina'rum or silves'tre, C. 
intybus. 
Cichory, sik'o-re. Cichorium intybus. C., wild, 
Cichorium intybus. 
Cici, se'se. Ricinus communis. 
Cicindela, sis-in-da'lah (dim. of Candela, candle). 
Glowworm; once thought to be anodyne and lith- 
ontriptic. 
Cicinnus, sis-in'nus. Hair on the temples. Relat- 
ing to castor-oil plant. 
Cicinobolus, sis-in-ob'o-lus (kikinos, relating to 
castor-oil plant, bolus'). Bolus of root of castor-oil 
plant and tobacco leaves, used in veterinary medicine. 
Cicinus, sis-in'us. Cicinnus. 
Cicis, se'sis. See Quercus infectoria. 
Cicongius, se-kon'je-us. An ancient measure con- 
taining 12 pints. 
Cicuta, sik-u'tah. Conium maculatum; sethusa. 
C. amo'mum, seeds are diuretic and carminative. C. 
angustifo'lia, variety of C. virosa, used externally in 
rheumatism; very poisonous. C. aquat'ica, C. virosa. 
Water hemlock, Cowbane, Brook-tongue, Deathin, Devil's 
salep, Scoots, Poison turnip. Not used internally; 
violent poison, often eaten by mistake for Wild smal- 
lage, Apium graveolens. It produces tremors, vertigo, 
burning at the stomach, and all the symptoms oc- 
casioned by the narcotico-acrid class of poisons. C. 
Califor'nica, variety of C. virosa growing in the U. S. 
near the Pacific. C. cyna'pium, /Ethusa cynapium. 
C. macula'ta, American water hemlock, American hem- 
lock, Snakeweed, Death of man, Water parsley, Poison 
root, Wild hemlock, Children's bane, Spotted cowbane, is 
analogous in botanical character and medical proper- 
ties to the European species; see Conium maculatum. 
C. ma'jor, Conium maculatum. C. ma'jor fcet'ida or 
vulga'ris, Conium maculatum, C. officina'le, fresh 
young parts of Conium maculatum. C. Stoerk'ii, 
Conium maculatum. C. tenuifo'lia, C. angustifolia. 
C. terres'tris, Conium maculatum. C. viro'sa, Cicuta 
aquatica. C. vulga'ris, Conium maculatum. 
Cicuta'ria. Chserophyllum sylvestre. C. aquat'ica, 
Cicuta aquatica, Phellandrium aquaticum. C. odora'- 
ta, Chserophyllum odoratum. C. viro'sa, Cicuta 
aquatica. 
Cicutine, sik-u'teen. See Comma. Volatile alkaloid 
from Cicuta virosa. 0., bromhy'drate of, coniine 
hydrobromide. 
Cicutox'ine, sik-u-tox'een. Poisonous acid liquid 
obtained from Cicuta virosa. 
Cider. Cyder. Said to have been formerly written 
sidre, and to have come from Sicera, which signifies 
any kind of fermented liquor other than wine. It 
is made from the juice of apples, and is a wholesome 
drink; liquor similarly prepared from pears is called 
Perry. In some of the cider regions of England a cider 
colic sometimes prevails, probably due to an excess 
of acetic acid. 
Cido'nium. Cydonium. 
233 
J CILIARY 
Cigar, se-gar'. Cigarra (S.), Cigarro. Small tubular 
roll of tobacco, used for smoking; some of the 
medicinal or medicated cigars or cigarettes are made 
of dried plants, with or without the addition of 
medicinal articles. When rolled in paper they form 
cigarettes, which may be used with or without com- 
bustion. Arsenical cigarettes are made of paper im- 
pregnated with an aqueous solution of arsenious acid 
or of arseniate of soda, and dried. Those of nitre are 
prepared by soaking blotting-paper in a nearly 
saturated solution of nitrate of potassium; stramo- 
nium is also employed for a similar purpose. 
Cigarette, sig-ar-et'. See Cigar. Cigarettes of bella- 
donna contain 1 gr. each of the leaf of belladonna; 
cigarettes of digitalis each contain 1 gr. of digitalis; 
while those of eucalyptus contain each 1 gr. of euca- 
lyptus. Mercurial cigars or cigarettes are made by 
steeping denarcotized tobacco in a weak corrosive- 
sublimate solution, opium being added. See Cigar. 
Cigarra, se-gar'rah. Cigar. 
Cignus, sig'nus. An ancient measure which con- 
tained about two drachms. 
Cilia, sil'e-ah (singular Cilium). Eyelashes; hairs 
on the eyelids. Their use seems to be to prevent the 
entrance into the eye of light bodies flying in the 
atmosphere, and to diminish in certain cases the in- 
tensity of light. Also, the tarsi or eyelids. Likewise, 
a peculiar sort of moving organs resembling small 
hairs, vibratory or vibratile cilia, attached to special 
anatomical elements, epithelial, vibratile, or ciliary 
cellules, which are visible with the microscope in many 
animals, and even in some bacteria. They are found 
on parts of the body habitually in contact with water 
or other more or less fluid matters, and produce mo- 
tion in these fluids, impelling them along the surface 
of the parts. Cilia have been found to exist in all 
animals except crustacese, having been discovered on 
the respiratory, uterine, and other membranes of 
mammalia, birds, and reptiles. In the higher ani- 
mals which possess them they are internal, but on the 
protozoa possessing them, external. 
The terms vibratory motion and ciliary motion have 
been used to express the phenomena exhibited by the 
moving cilia, and this motion is probably concerned 
in the progression of fluids along the membranes. 
The motion is in the direction of the outlets of ca- 
nals. C., inverted, inversion of the eyelashes or of 
the free edges of the eyelids upon the ball of the eye. 
C., vi'bratile or vi'bratory, see Cilia. 
Cil'iar. Ciliary. 
Cilia'res glan'dulse. Meibomian glands. 
Ciliaris, sil-e-ah'ris. Ciliary. Orbicularis palpebra- 
rum. C. circula'ris, circular fibres of ciliary muscle. 
C. radia'lis, radiating fibres of ciliary muscle. C. 
Riola'ni (after Riolan, the French anatomist), trans- 
versely striated muscular fasciculi in the eyelid, run- 
ning parallel with and close to the margin of the lid. 
Ciliary, sil'e-ar-e. Relating to the eyelashes or to 
cilia. Term also applied to different parts entering 
into the structure of the eye, from the resemblance 
between some of them (ciliary processes) and the eye- 
lashes. C. ar'teries, these are furnished by the oph- 
thalmic artery. They are distinguished into-1. Short 
or posterior, 30 or 40 in number, which are distributed 
to the ciliary processes. 2. Long, two in number, 
which, by the anastomosis of their branches, form 
two arterial circles at the anterior surface of the iris. 
3. The anterior, Arteries ciliares anteriores of Haller, 
the number of which is variable. These pierce the 
sclerotic a few lines from its union with the cornea, 
and are principally distributed to the iris. C. bod'y, 
Ciliary disk. Ring of the choroid surrounding the 
crystalline in the manner of a crown, placed be- 
hind the iris and the ciliary circle; resembling 
the disk of a radiated flower, and formed by the 
union of the ciliary processes. See Ciliary muscle. C. 
canal', Canal of Fontana. Small, extremely narrow 
circular space, formed between the ciliary circle, 
the cornea, and the sclerotica. It can be filled with 
injection, and it is not certain that it is not the cavity 
of a blood-vessel, and hence has been called Circulus CILIATED 
venosus iridis. C. cir'cle, ciliary ligament. C. disk, 
ciliary body. C. epithe'lium, see Epithelium. C. 
gan'glion, ophthalmic ganglion. C. lig'ament, C. 
Circle or Ring, Commissure of the uvea. Species of 
grayish ring, of a pulpy consistence, situate between 
choroid, iris, and sclerotica. The internal surface of 
the choroid is uniform until it approaches within ten 
lines and a half of the edge of the cornea; here a 
dentated line is observed, termed ora serrata. The 
outer surface presents the annulus albidus or gangli- 
formis, the anterior edge of which unites to the inner 
surface of the sclerotica and constitutes the ciliary 
ligament. C. or tar'sal mar'gin of the eyelids, edge 
in which the cilia or eyelashes are situate. C. mo'tion, 
see Ciliary. C. mus'cle, the part of the orbicularis pal- 
pebrarum in the vicinity of the ciliary margin. Also, 
the grayish, semitransparent structure behind the 
ciliary ligament, and covering the outside of the 
ciliary body. By its contraction the ciliary processes, 
and with them the lens, must be drawn toward the 
cornea. It appears to be the same muscle as the Tensor 
choro'idese, Protrahens lentis, Musculus Brueckianus, 
Choroid muscle of some anatomists. Its circular fibres 
constitute the compressor lentis muscle. C. mus'cle 
of Riolan, ciliaris Riolani. C. nerves, 12 to 16 in 
number. They arise from the nasal nerve, and par- 
ticularly from the anterior part of the ophthalmic 
ganglion, and unite in two fasciculi, which pass around 
the optic nerve, and pierce the sclerotica near the en- 
trance of that nerve into the eye. They are lost in 
the ciliary ligament. C. neural'gia, neuralgic pain in 
the brow, temples, etc. C. plex'us, C. ligament. C. 
pro'cesses, triangular folds, 60 or 80 in number, 
placed at the side of each other, and radiating so as 
to resemble the disk of a radiated flower., They are 
lodged in depressions at the anterior part of the 
vitreous humor. C. re'gion, region at inferior part 
of cornea and ciliary body. C. ring, ciliary ligament. 
C. stri'se are numerous pale, radiated striae in the 
posterior portion of the ciliary body, but so covered 
by pigmentum as not to be distinctly seen till the 
paint is removed. The ciliary processes are formed 
by these striae. C. veins follow nearly the same 
course as the arteries. In the choroid they are so 
tortuous that they have received the name vasa 
vorticosa. They open into the ophthalmic vein. C. 
zone; under the corpus ciliare, the capsule of the 
vitreous humor sends off an external lamina, which 
accompanies the retina, and is inserted with it into 
the fore part of the capsule of the lens, a little before 
its anterior edge. This is the Zonula ciliaris or Zin- 
nii, Zonula or Zone of Zinn, Zone of Haller. It is of a 
striated appearance and circular form, and assists in 
fixing the lens to the vitreous humor. 
Ciliated (sil'e-a-ted) or Cil'iate. Provided with 
cilia, as ciliated epithelium, the epithelium to which 
vibratory cilia are attached. 
Cilia'tion. State of being possessed of cilia. 
Ciliform, sil'e-form (cilium, forma). Resembling a 
cilium. 
Cilio-retinal, sil'e-o-ret'in-al. Relating to posterior 
ciliary system and retina. 
Cilio-spinal, sil'e-o-spi'nal. Relating to portion of 
spinal cord controlling ciliary movements. C.-s. 
cen'tre, see Centre. 
Cilium, sil'e-um. Eyelash. See Cilia. 
Cillo, sil'lo (killo, to move). Name given by some 
authors to a perpetually tremulous upper eyelid; a 
trembling which in some cases is called Life's blood. 
Cillosis, sil-lo'sis. Cillo. 
Cilo, se'lo. Procephalus; a foetus whose head is so 
large as to impede delivery; transverse tract of the 
peduncle; tractus transversus pedunculi. 
Cimbia, sim'be-ah. Fasciculus arciformis pedis. 
Cimex (se'meks) lectula'rius. Bed-bug or Chinche; 
once used medicinally. 
Cimicifuga, sim-e-sif'u-gah (cimex, fugo, to drive 
away). See Actsea racemosa. C. fcet'ida, foetid bug- 
bear, so called from its offensive odor. C. racemo'sa, 
Actsea racemosa. C. serpenta'ria, species of the 
United States and Florida; root is officinal. Cimici- 
234 
CINCHONA 
fuga (Ph. U. S. and Br.) is employed in chorea and 
rheumatism. 
Cimicifugin, sim-e-sif 'u-gin. Crystallizable prin- 
ciple obtained from cimicifuga. 
Cimina'lis. Gentiana. 
Cimmaro'ma. The pulp of this plant of Spain and 
Brazil is laxative. 
Cimolia purpurescens, sim-o'le-ah pur-pur-es'ens. 
Fuller's earth; compact bolar earth employed in the 
arts; used at times as a cooling application to in- 
flamed nipples, etc. C. ter'ra, Cimolite, from Kimolos, 
an island in the Cretan Sea, where it was procured; 
formerly used as an astringent. 
Cina (se'nah). Artemisia santonica and other va- 
rieties of Artemisia; anthelmintic. C. ci'na, cinchona. 
C. levan'tica, see Cina and Artemisia santonin. This 
is the only variety of Cina now imported. 
Cinabaris, sin-ab'ar-is. Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
rubrum. 
Cinabarium, sin-ab-ar'e-um. Hydrargyri sulphu- 
retum rubrum. 
Cinabra, sin'ab-rah. The smell of a he-goat; rank 
smell, like that of the armpit; Hircus alarum; bro- 
midrosis. 
Cinse'bene. A constituent and volatile oil of arte- 
misia. 
Cinsedia, sin-e'de-ah (kinaidia). Masturbation ; pae- 
derasty ; excessive indulgence of sexual appetite. 
Cin8edis/ma. Cimedia. 
Cinsedus, sin-e'dus. A subject of buggery. 
Cinara, sin'ar-ah. Artichoke. C. horten'sis, Cy- 
nara scolymus. C. scoVymus, Cynara scolymus. 
Cinchamidine, sin-kam'id-een. Hydrocinchonidine. 
Alkaloid from mother-water from which cinchonidine 
has been extracted. 
Cinchene, sin'keen. Base (C19H20N2) obtained from 
cinchonine. 
Cinchocerotin. sin-ko-ser'o-tin. C27H48O2. Sub- 
stance derived from some forms of S. American cali- 
saya bark. 
Cinchoidinum, sin-ko-id-e'num. Cinchonidine. 
Cinchol, sin'kol. C20H34O. Substance like choles- 
terin, from Cinchona officinalis. 
Cincholine, sin'kol-een. Volatile oily liquid alka- 
loid from mother-water of quinine. 
Cinchona (sin-ko'nah) or Chincho'na. (So called 
from the Spanish viceroy's lady, the Countess de Chin- 
chon, who was cured of fever by it at Lima, about 
1638.) Called also Jesuit's bark or powder, Cortex pa- 
trum, because it was introduced into Europe by the 
Jesuits ; also Countess's powder and Cardinal del Lugo's 
powder, because he introduced it at Rome; and in 
France, Talbor's powder and English remedy, because 
successfully used there by Sir Robert Talbor, who 
kept it a secret. Pharmacopceial name of several 
kinds of bark from the various species of cinchona, 
containing at least 3 per cent, of the proper cin- 
chona alkaloids (Ph. U. S.), ord. Cinchonacese. The 
richest in the antiperiodic alkaloids is said to be the 
bark of Cinchona succirubra of Ecuador, which, with 
other species, has been transplanted to India, Java, 
Jamaica, and other countries. The productiveness in 
alkaloids seems to have been increased by such trans- 
plantation. Cinchona is called also Santonica bark, 
Peruvian bark, Kina or Quina, Bark of barks, Kinkina, 
Cina cina, Quinquina, Magnum dei donum, and in Peru 
Cascara and Cascarilla. 
A large number of natural alkaloids have been ob- 
tained from cinchona bark, and many artificial ones, 
which will be referred to under their appropriate 
heads. Several of these possess therapeutic interest, 
the chief of which, quinia, cinchonia, and other alka- 
loids, exist in combination with kinic, cinchonic, or 
quinic acid as kinates. Quinia, C20H24N2O2, is derived 
largely from the yellow; cinchonine, C29H22N2O, from 
the pale bark. Quinidia or quinidine, C20H24N2O2, is 
another alkaloid, isomeric with quinia; cinchonidia or 
cinchonidine, C19H22N2O, with cinchonia; and quinicia 
or quinicine and cinchonicia or cinchonicine are isomeric 
with cinchonine and cinchonidia, from which they 
are derived by heat. Quinamine, C19H24N2O2, and CINCHONA 
conquinamine, C19H24N2O2, and a number of other com- 
paratively unimportant alkaloids, are also derived 
from the cinchona barks. (See Quinia, Cinchonia, etc.) 
Certain acid principles are also contained in the cin- 
chona barks, as quinic or chinic acid, cinchotannic acid, 
and kinovic or quinovic acid. They also contain 
quinovin, which is decomposed by the action of muri- 
atic acid into quinovic acid and a saccharine matter. 
(See Acid, kinovic.) 
Cincho'na amygdalifo'lia. See Cinchonas cordifoliae 
cortex. C.angustifo'lia, C.lancifolia. C. austra'lis, spe- 
cies of cinchona growing in Bolivia; an inferior bark. 
C. bark, bark of any species of cinchona. C. b. tan'nin, 
cinchotannic acid. C. bases, C. alkaloids; see Cin- 
chona. C. bi'color, an inferior bark, used as substitute 
for genuine cinchona. C. Bolivia'na, see Cinchonas 
cordifoliae cortex. C. Calisay'a, see Cinchonas cordifoliae 
cortex. C. Carabayen'sis, see Cinchonas Caribaeae cortex. 
C. Carolinia'na, Pinckneya pubens. C. cine'rea, C. 
pallida. C. coccin'ea, species of Guayaquil; bark is 
variety of red cinchona bark. C. Condamine'a, see 
Cinchonae lancifoliae cortex. C. cordifo'lia, bark of New 
Granada and Peru; known as Santa Martha bark and 
common yellow Carthagena bark or yellow bark of 
Santa Fe. C. cris'pa, species of Cinchona officinalis. 
C. ellip'tica, Carabaya bark is obtained from it. C. 
erythan'thra, a species affording quinamine. C. feb'- 
rifuge, mixture of cinchona alkaloids procured from 
various barks. C. fla'va, see Cinchonas cordifoliae cor- 
tex. C. hirsu'ta, variety of C. pubescens; bark is a 
variety of loxa bark. C. lanceola'ta, Peruvian species 
yielding Carthagena bark. C. lancifo'lia, yellow bark 
variously called Colombia bark, Bogota bark, Coqueta 
bark, etc. C. ledgeria'na, variety of C. calisaya. C. 
lox'a, pale bark from Ecuador and Peru, recognized 
by a number of pharmacopoeias. C. micran'tha, see 
Cinchonas lancifoliae cortex. C. nit'ida, pale cinchona 
bark, forming principal part of huanuco bark, and 
imported sometimes as loxa bark. C. officina'lis 
(yellow bark), Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex. C. ova'ta, 
see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex. C. pal'lida, Cinchonae 
lancifoliae cortex. C. Peruvia'na, native of Peru and 
cultivated in India; yields pale bark. C. Pitay'a or 
Pitayen'sis, Pitaya bark. C. pubes'cens, see Cin- 
chonae cordifoliae cortex. C. ru'bra, red cinchona. C. 
scrobicula'ta, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex. C. suc- 
ciru'bra, see Cinchona and Cinchonae oblongifoliae cortex. 
C. of Virgin'ia, Magnolia glauca. 
Cincho'nae Caribse'ae cor'tex-from Exostema Cari- 
baeum, Caribbaean or Saint Lucia bark, from Exostema or 
Exostemma floribundum-and Pitaya bark, Quinquina 
bicolor, are useful substitutes for the cinchona of Peru. 
These are the most important spurious barks. They 
contain neither quinia nor cinchonia. C. cordifo'lise 
cor'tex, Cinchona calisaya, C. flava (U. S. Ph.), Yellow, 
Royal, or Calisaya cinchona bark. Odor aromatic; taste 
strong, bitter, astringent. The active principle is 
quinia. The false or spurious Calisaya barks are those 
of Cinchona calisaya, variety Josephiana; C. Boliviana, 
C. ovata, variety rufinervis, called, in Peru, Cascarilla 
Carabaya-the Carabaya bark of commerce; of C. 
scrobiculata, two varieties, Cusco bark and bark of 
St. Ann; of C. pubescens, which furnishes the Cusco 
or Arica bark, and of C. amygdalifolia. C. excel'sa, 
of India, Hymenodictyon excelsum, supposed to possess 
the antiperiodic virtues of the true cinchonas, does 
not contain any quinia or cinchonia. The bitter 
principle rather resembles that of the horse-chestnut. 
C. lancifo'liae cor'tex, Cinchona pallida (Ph. U. S.), Pale 
cinchona bark, Pale, Loxa, or Crown bark; bark of Cin- 
chona Condaminea and C. micrantha. Its odor is aro- 
matic ; taste pleasant, bitter, and astringent. Its active 
principle is Cinchonia. C. oblongifo'lise cor'tex, Cin- 
chona rubra (Ph. U. S.), Red cinchona bark, Red bark, 
Cascarilla roxa and C. colorada, of S. America. Odor 
and taste the same as the pale, but more intense. 
This variety of bark is assigned to the Cinchona oblon- 
gifolia and C. succirubra, but in the Ph. U. S. to the 
latter alone. Active principles, cinchonia and quinia. 
The last three are the only officinal varieties in the 
Pharmacopoeia of the United States. There are many 
235 
CI NCHONOM ETRY 
other varieties, however, which are genuine cinchona 
barks, and yet have not been considered worthy of 
officinal position, as Cinchona cinerea, Gray baric, Silver 
bark, or Huanuco or Lima bark, which is obtained 
around Huanuco in Peru, and, with the Jaen or Ash bark 
and the Huamilies bark, belongs to the class of pale or 
Loxa barks. Among the genuine but inferior barks 
are those brought from the northern Atlantic ports 
of South America, which in commerce are variously 
called Pitaya, Bogota, Carthagena, Maracaybo, and 
Santa Martha barks. The Bogota is also called 
Fusagasuga and Coquetta bark. 
All these barks are bitter, astringent, tonic, and 
eminently febrifuge; see Antipyretics. The yellow 
bark has been thought superior to the others, but the 
red contains an active principle. While the alkaloids 
derived from the bark are usually prescribed, there 
are cases in which the bark in substance is often de- 
manded. It is employed in every disease in which 
there is deficient tone; but in cases where the stomach 
is much debilitated the powder should be avoided, 
in consequence of the woody fibre, which might dis- 
agree. Externally it is used in enemata, gargles, etc., 
and in gangrenous ulcerations. When it excites 
nausea, an aromatic may be added to it; if purging, 
opium; if costiveness, rhubarb, etc. Dose, 3SS to 
or more. Bark jackets were formerly employed, es- 
pecially in the agues of children, consisting of waist- 
coats with powdered cinchona quilted between the 
layers. 
Cinchonamine, sin-kon'am-een. C19H24N2O. Al- 
kaloid in cuprea bark, usually associated with cin- 
chonine. Sialagogue, and far more toxic than 
quinine. 
Cinchonate, sink'on-ate. A salt of cinchonic acid. 
Cinchonetine, sink-on'et-een. Substance derived 
from acting on cinchonine sulphate with iron per- 
oxide. 
Cinchonia, sin-ko'ne-ah. Cinchonine. C. sul'- 
phate, see Cinchonine. C. tan'nate, quinise et cin- 
chonise tannas. 
Cinchoniaa sulphas, sin-ko'ne-e sul'fas. Cinchonines 
sulphas (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Sulphate of cinchonia. 
The officinal salt is the neutral sulphate. It is soluble 
in water and alcohol. The action of the sulphate of 
cinchonia is similar to that of the sulphate of quinia, 
but it is less energetic, and consequently requires to 
be given in larger doses. 
Cinchonic, sin-kon'ic. Appertaining or relating to 
cinchona. 
Cinchonicine, sin-kon'is-een. Cinchonicina, Cinchon- 
icia. When a salt of cinchonia is exposed to heat, 
with certain precautions, the alkaloid is changed into 
another, isomeric with itself, to which this name has 
been given. Cinchonicine and its sulphate possess 
the same medical properties as cinchonia and its 
salts. Dose, gr. v to gr. xv. 
Cinchonid'ia. Cinchonidine. 
Cinchonidinse (sin-kon-id-een'e) sulphas (Ph. U. S.). 
Cinchonidine sulphate. 
Cinchonidine, sin-kon'id-een. See Cinchona. Various 
salts are employed, as the benzoate, bromhydrate, 
hydrochloride, salicylate, sulphate, etc. C. sul'phate, 
Cinchonidinse sulphas (Ph. U. S. and Br.). Neutral 
sulphate of cinchonidine; an alkaloid of exceedingly 
bitter taste, obtained from bark of various species of 
Cinchona. Its action is similar to that of quinine, 
but it is less powerful. 
Cinchonine, sink'on-een. C20H24N2O. Cinchonina 
(Ph. U. S.), Cinchonin, Cinchonia. Alkalid obtained 
from various species of Cinchona; organic, crystalline 
alkali, of a white color, and bitter, slightly astringent 
taste ; very soluble in alcohol and ether, but almost 
insoluble in water. C. sul'phate, salt of cinchonine 
which is sometimes substituted for sulphate of quinine. 
See Cinchonise sulphas. Other salts of cinchonine are 
also employed. C., tar'trate of, see Quinine, tartrate of. 
Cinchoninum, sin-kon-e'num. Cinchonine. 
Cinchonism, sink'on-ism. Quininism. 
Cinchonology, sink-on-ol'o-je. Quinology. 
Cinchonometry, sink-o-nom'et-re. Analysis of cin- Cl NCHOQUININ E 
chona barks to discover proportion of alkaloids in 
them. 
Cinchoquinine, sin-ko-kwi'nine. White, tasteless 
preparation, said to contain all the alkaloids of the 
cinchona barks, as quinia, cinchonia, quinidia, etc., 
but probably devoid of quinia. 
Cinchoratine, sin-kor'at-een. Aricine. 
Cinchotannic acid, sin-ko-tan'nik as'id. A form 
of acid derived from cinchona bark. 
Cinchotine, sink'o-teen. Alkaloid (C19N24Z2O) in 
various cinchona barks and cuprea barks; quinidia. 
Cincinnulus, sin-sin'u-lus (dim. of Cincinnus). 
Little lock or curl of hair. 
Cincinnus, sin-sin'nus (kikinnos). A curled or 
frizzled lock; hair on the temples. 
Cinclisis, sink'lis-is (kinklisis, agitation, rapid and 
frequent motion). Movement of the thorax in dys- 
pnoea. Used, also, synonymously with nictation. 
Cinclismus, sin-kliz'mus (kinklismos). Cinclisis. 
Cinefaction, sin-e-fak'shun (cinis, pl., cineres, ashes, 
facio, to make). Incineration. 
Cinema (sin-a'mah) or Cine'sis (kineo, to move). 
Motion. 
Cinematics, sin-e-mat'iks. Kinetics. 
Cineraceous, sin-er-a'shus. Ash-colored; livid. 
Cineraria maritima, sin-er-ah're-ah mar-it'im- 
ah (cineres, ashes, from the white down covering the 
leaves). Achoavon, Abiat. 
Cineration, sin-er-a'shun (cineres, ashes). Re- 
ducing to ashes; incineration. 
Cinerea, sin-a're-ah. Ashen in color, as gray sub- 
stance of brain and nerves. 
Cinereo-albidus, sin-a're-o-al'bid-us. Ashy white. 
Cineres clavellati, sin'er-es klav-el-lat'te. See 
Potash. C. gravellat'i, see Potash. C. Rus'sici, pot- 
ash of commerce. 
Cinereus, sin-a're-us. Cineritious. 
Cineritious, sin-er-ish'e-us (cineres, ashes). Of the 
color of ashes. The cortical substance of the brain, 
and the vesicular neurine in general, have been so 
called. See Cortex cerebri and Neurine. 
Cinesia, sin-a'ze-ah. Active or passive movement 
used in treating diseases. 
Cinesialgia, sin-ez-e-al'ge-ah (kinesis, movement, al- 
gos, pain). Condition of a muscle in which contrac- 
tion is followed by pain. 
Cinesiology, sin-ez-e-ol'o-je (kinesis, movement, lo- 
gos, treatise). Science of movements of the body, em- 
ployed for therapeutical or hygienic results. 
Cinesiometric, sin-ez-e-o-met'rik (kinesis, move- 
ment, metron, measure). Relating to measurement of 
movements. 
Cinesion'osus (kinesis, movement, nosos, disease). 
Disease of the motor apparatus, or one in which the 
powers of motion are affected. 
Cinesipathy, sin-ez-ip'ath-e (kinesis, motion, pathos, 
affection). Mode of treating diseases by gymnastics 
or appropriate movements. 
Cinesis, sin-a'sis (kinesis). Motion. 
Cinesitherapy, sin-ez-e-ther'ap-e (kinesis, thera- 
peia, medical treatment). Mode of treating disease 
by means of active or passive movements. 
Cinethmics, sin-eth'miks (kineo, to move). The 
science of movements in general. 
Cinetic, sin-et'ik. Motory. 
Cinetica, sin-et'ik-ah. Diseases affecting the mus- 
cles, and characterized by irregular action of the mus- 
cles or muscular fibres, commonly denominated spasm; 
also, agents that affect the voluntary or involuntary 
motions. 
Cinetus, sin-a'tus (kineo, to move). Movable; term 
applied also to the diaphragm. 
Cingula, sin'gu-lah. Band or belt. C. of Bur'dach, 
upper part of gyrus fornicatus. 
Cingularia, sin-gu-lah're-ah (cingulum, because of 
its shape). Lycopodium. 
Cingulum, sin'gu-lum (cingo, to gird). Zone; cinc- 
ture ; girdle. The part of the body situate below the 
ribs, to which a girdle is applied; waist; herpes 
zoster; bundle of fibres in the gyrus fornicatus. C. 
abdom'inismus'culo-aponeurot'icum, the abdominal 
236 
CINZILLA 
muscles. C. Hilda'ni, leathern girdle formerly used 
for the reduction of luxations and fractures of the 
extremities. C. hu'meri, pectoral arch. C. mercu- 
ria'le, Mercurial belt. Woollen girdle or belt contain- 
ing mercurial ointment; was used as an antisyphilitic 
and in diseases of the skin. C. pudicit'ise, a device 
formerly used to cover the female genitals, intended 
to prevent coition. C. sanc'ti Joan'nis, Artemisia 
vulgaris. C. Ven'eris, corona Veneris; see Crown of 
Venus. C. veno'sum prostat'ico-urethra'le, plexus 
of veins around the prostate and rectum which con- 
nect the veins of each side. 
Cinin, sin'in. Santonine. 
Cinis faecum, sin'is fe'kum (ashes of lees). See 
Potash. C. infecto'rius, see Potash. 
Cinnabar, sin'nab-ar (kinnabari). Hydrargyri sul- 
phuretum rubrum. C. Graeco'rum, see Calamus rotang. 
Clnnabaris, sin-nab'ar-is. Cinnabar. 
Cinnamene, sin'-nam-een. Colorless oil having an 
agreeable aroma derived from cinnamic acid. 
Cinnamic, sin-nam'ik. Pertaining to or derived 
from cinnamene. C. ac'id, a crystalline acid obtained 
from several balsams; it is procured by the oxidation 
of cinnamic aldehyde. C. al'dehyde, CgHsO, main 
constituent of oil of cinnamon. 
Cinnamodendron axillare, sin-nam-o-den'dron ax- 
il-la're. Bitter bark of Brazil, used in asthenic fevers 
and scurvy. C. cortico'sum, aromatic bark of the 
Antilles, used as a substitute for Wintera aromatica. 
Cinnamomum, sin-nam-o'mum. Cinnamon; bark 
of C. Zeylanicum. C. acu'tum, Ceylon cinnamon. 
C. al'bum, Canella alba. C. aromat'icum lig'num, 
Canella alba. C. cam'phora, indigenous in China, 
Japan, and E. Asia; calmative in nervous diseases; 
used in spasmodic cough and asthmatic affections, 
and externally in the form of liniment. C. cas'sia, 
C. aromaticum. C. Chinen'se, Chinese cinnamon. C. 
culilawan, Laurus culilawan; bark is bitter, and used 
in intestinal affections, blennorrhoea, etc. 0. iners', 
tree of Sumatra; bark is a condiment; seeds are used 
in dysentery and bronchial affections of children. C. 
ve'rum, Ceylon cinnamon. C. Win'teri, Canella 
alba. C. Zeylan'icum, tree of Ceylon ; see Cinnamon, 
Ceylon. 
Cinnamon, sin'nam-un. See Laurus cinnamomum. 
C., bas'tard, Cinnamomum cassia, Canella alba, cas- 
carilla. C., Ceylon', Cinnamomum Zeylanicum and 
its inner bark; carminative and astringent. C., 
Chi'na or Chinese', bark of Cinnamomum aromati- 
cum or other species of China; officinal in some phar- 
macopoeias. C., Mal'abar, Laurus cassia. C. oil, oleum 
cinnamomi. C., true, Cinnamomum Zeylanicum. C. 
water, aqua cinnamomi. C., wild, Laurus cassia. 
Cinnamosma, sin-nam-oz'mah. Stimulant and aro- 
matic bark, resembling canella. 
Cinnamyl, sin'nam-il. C9H7O. Radical in cinna- 
mic acid or hydrate of cinnamyl. C. al'cohol, 
C9H10O, from heating styracin with a caustic alkali. 
C. al'dehyde, CgHsO, oil derived from oxidation of 
cinnamyl alcohol, main constituent of oil of cinna- 
mon. C. eu'genol, derivative of eugenol; in color- 
less, odorless, tasteless crystals; presumed to be useful 
in tuberculous affections. 
Cin'namylate of caf'feine. Said to he well adapted 
for hypodermic injections ; diuretic and cardiac stim- 
ulant. 
Cinonosi, sin-on'os-e (pl. of Cinonosus) (kineo, to 
move, nosos, disease). Diseases impairing motion. 
Cinoper, sin'o-per. Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
brum. 
Cinoplanesis, sin-o-plan-a'sis {kineo, to move, plane- 
sis, a wandering about). Irregularity or want of co- 
ordination of motion. 
Cinquefoil, sink'foil {quinque, five, folium, leaf). 
Potentilla reptans and other species of Potentilla. 
C., marsh, Comarum palustre. C., Nor'way, Poten- 
tilla Norvegica. 
Cinta, sin'tah {cingo, to apply a belt). Girdle. C. 
beriber'ica, feeling of tightness around the waist, 
symptomatic of beri-beri. 
Cinzilla, sin-zil'lah {cingulum). Herpes zoster. CION 
Cion, se'on (a column). Uvula; excrescence of 
vulva; eruption on the nose. 
Cionis, se'on-is. Uvula; tumefaction or elongation 
of the uvula; staphylodialysis. 
Cionitis, se-on-e'tis (cion, itis). Inflammation of the 
uvula; uvulitis, staphylitis. 
Cionoptosis, se-on-op-to'sis {kion, uvula, ptosis, a 
falling down). Elongation of the uvula. 
Cionorrhaphia, se-on-or-raf'e-ah (cion, rhaphe, su- 
ture). Staphylorraphy. 
Cionotome, se-on'o-tome {cion, tome, incision). 
Curved scissors for cutting off the uvula. 
Cionotomy, se-on-ot'o-me. Excision of the uvula; 
staphylotomy. 
Cipipa. See Jatropha manihot. 
Clpu'ra Martinicen'sis. Species of iridaceous 
herbs, root of which is tonic, astringent, and emmen- 
agogue. 
Circsea, sur-se'ah (after Circe, the enchantress). 
Atropa mandragora, Circsea Lutetiana. C. Luteti- 
a'na, Parisian circsea, Enchanter's nightshade, or Bind- 
weed, Mandrake. This plant, common in the vicinity 
of Paris, was formerly considered resolvent and vul- 
nerary, and supposed to possess magical properties. 
C. pubes'cens or vulga'ris, C. Lutetiana. 
Circelli, sur-sel'le (pl. of Circellus). Small circles. 
C. cerebelTi, laminae of the cerebellum. C. veno'si 
spina'les or vertebra'les, transverse veins between 
anterior and posterior longitudinal spinal veins. 
Circellus, sur-sel'lus. Small circle. Applied to 
circular anastomoses. C. veno'sus foram'inis inter- 
vertebra'lis, plexus of veins around intervertebral 
foramen. C. v. hypoglos'si, plexus of veins around 
hypoglossal nerve in the anterior condylar foramen. 
Circinate, sur'sin-ate. Resembling a ring in shape; 
term applied to the appearance of cutaneous lesions. 
Circinus, sur'sin-us (dim. of Kirkos, circle). Herpes 
zoster. 
Circle, sur'k'l. Circulus; circuit. C. of Ca'rus, 
Carus's curve. C., cil'iary, ciliary ligament. C., 
galvan'ic, galvanic circuit. C. of Hal'ler, circulus 
Halleri. C., tym'panal, annulus of tympanum. C., 
volta'ic, galvanic circuit. C. of Wil'lis, see Circulus. 
Circocele, sur-so-se'le (Eng. sur'so-seel). Cirsocele. 
Circuit, sur'kit {circumeo, to go around). In patho- 
logical language, generally means period, course, rev- 
olution ; galvanic circuit. C., bro'ken, term applied 
to galvanic circle when plates or wires are separated. 
C., closed, term applied to the galvanic circuit when 
the plates or wires are in contact. C., open, C., 
broken. 
Circuitus, sur-ku'it-us. Circuit; period. 
Circular, sur'ku-lar {circulus, circle). Having the 
form of a circle, as circular amputation, circular 
bandage, etc. C. insan'ity, insanity alternating in 
different manifestations, interspersed with lucid in- 
tervals; periods of depression and excitement, for 
example, recurring alternately. C. si'nus of Rid- 
ley, see Sinus coronarius. 
Circula'ris. Circular or orbicular muscle, as of the 
lips or eyelids or sphincter ani. 
Circulating, sur'ku-la-ting. Carried around in the 
circulation of the blood to the tissues of the body, 
as albumen, blood, etc. C. blood or fluid, see 
Blood. 
Circulatio, sur-ku-lah'she-o. Circulation. 
Circulation, sur-ku-la'shun {circum, around, fero, 
latum, to carry). Physiologists give this name to the 
motion of the blood through the different vessels of 
the body {sanguimotion); to that function by which 
the blood, setting out from the left ventricle of the 
heart, is distributed to every part of the body by the 
arteries through the capillaries, proceeds into the 
veins, returns to the heart, enters the right auricle, 
and passes into the corresponding ventricle, which 
sends it into the pulmonary artery to be distributed 
to the lungs, whence it issues by the pulmonary veins, 
and passes into the left auricle; from this it is sent 
into the left ventricle, and is again distributed by 
means of the arteries. Circulation also denotes con- 
tinuous movement of the air. C., arte'rial, see Cir- 
237 
CIRCULUS 
culation. C., cap'illary, that which takes place in 
the capillary vessels, and is, in some measure, inde- 
pendent of the action of the heart. See Capillary 
vessels. C., collat'eral, C. through other vessels 
when the supply of blood by vessels important in 
the ordinary system of circulation is cut off or 
closed, as after ligation, amputation, etc. C., com- 
pensa'tory, C., collateral. C., fce'tal, see Foetal cir- 
culation. C., greater, see C., pulmonary. C., lesser, 
C., pulmonary. C., placen'tal, C. of the blood of the 
foetus through the umbilical arteries, foetal veins, etc., 
and of the blood of the mother through the uterine ar- 
teries, sinuses, etc., and uterine veins. C., por'tal, see 
Porta vena. C., pul'monary or pulmon'ic.the circle 
from the right to the left side of the heart by the 
lungs. The greater or systematic or systemic circulation 
is that through the rest of the system. C., ve'nous, see 
Circulation. C., vitel'line, circulation, during exist- 
ence of the umbilical vesicle, to the vitellus and back 
to the heart, before the establishment of the placental 
circulation at the beginning of the third month. 
Circulator, sur'ku-la-tor. Charlatan. 
Circulatory, sur'ku-la-to-re. Relating to the circu- 
lation of the blood; sanguimotory. 
Circulus, sur'ku-lus (dim. of Circos, kirkos, a circle). 
Circle or ring; cycle; any part of the body which is 
round or annular, as circulus oculi, globe, bulb, or orb 
of the eye; also applied to objects which by no means 
form a circle, as the circle of Willis, which is an 
anastomotic circle at the base of the brain, formed by 
the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries and the 
communicating arteries of Willis. C. arterio'sus 
Halle'ri, plexus of vessels on the surface of the sclerotic 
where the optic nerve enters that membrane. C. a. 
i'ridis, see Circulus iridis. C. a. mus'culi cilia'ris, 
very small arteries arranged in circular form in the 
centre of the ciliary muscle. C. a. ner'vi op'tici, 
plexus of arteries in the sclerotic, circular in form, 
around the optic nerve, consisting of branches from 
the short posterior ciliary arteries. C. a. umbilica'lis, 
circular anastomosis of vessels around the umbili- 
cus. C. a. Willis'ii, circle of Willis; see Circulus. 
C. a. Zinn'ii, circulus arteriosus nervi optici. C. 
artic'uli vasculo'sus, vascular circle around cartilages 
of joints. C. callo'sus Halle'ri, fibro-cartilaginous 
ring around each auriculo-ventricular opening of the 
heart, to which the tricuspid and mitral valves are 
attached. C. cilia'ris, ciliary ligament. C. conjunc- 
ti'vse, see Corona conjunctives. C. Halle'ri, circle 
of Haller; circular anastomosing chain formed under 
the areola by the veins of the nipple. C. i'ridis or 
ma'jor, arterial circle at anterior border of the ciliary 
muscle, formed by branches of the long posterior 
ciliary and of the anterior ciliary arteries. The Cir- 
culus iridis minor is a circle of anastomoses formed 
by the arteries of the iris near the pupillary margin. 
C. i. mi'nor, see Circulus iridis major. C. Mascagn'ii, 
circle of minute capillaries in vicinity of zonule of 
Zinn in the foetus. C. membrana'ceus or membrano'- 
sus, hymen. C. os'seus, tympanic portion of tem- 
poral bone. C. quad'ruplex, four-fold bandage used 
by the ancients. C. san'guinis aor'ticus or ma'jor, 
systemic circulation. C. s. minor or pulmona'lis, 
pulmonic circulation. C. tonsilla'ris, plexus formed 
by tonsillar branches of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve 
around the base of the tonsil. C. umbilica'lis, circle 
around the umbilicus in the subperitoneal tissue by 
branches from superior and inferior epigastric and 
superior vesical arteries. C. veno'sus, venous circle 
in the embryo which bounds the area vasculosa or 
vascular area. C. v. are'olse, venous circle formed by 
the union of the veins around the nipple; it em- 
braces, however, only two-thirds of the circuit. C. 
v. cilia'ris or v. cor'nese, canal of Schlemm. C. v. 
Halle'ri, C. v. mammae. C. v. i'ridis, ciliary circle. 
C. v. ischiad'icus, anastomoses between internal 
iliac and sciatic veins. C. v. mam'mse, plexiform 
anastomosis of subcutaneous veins around the nipple. 
C. v. obturato'rius, anastomosis between internal cir- 
cumflex and external and internal iliac veins, around 
the obturator foramen. C. v. orbicula'ris cilia'ris, CIRCUM 
canal of Fontana. C. v. Rld/leyi, circular sinus. C. 
v. trachea'lis, circle formed around the trachea by 
the thyroid veins just below the thyroid gland. C. v. 
umbilica'lis, circle of vessels around the umbilicus. 
C. Willis'ii, circle of Willis. 
Circum, sur'kum (L.). As a prefix, around. 
Circumactio, sur-kum-ak'she-o. Movement of cir- 
cumduction used in reducing luxations. 
Circumagentes, sur-kum-ah-jen'tes (circum, ago, to 
act). Rotating; rotator muscles, as the oblique mus- 
cles of the eye, C. bulbi. 
Circumanal, sur-kum-a'nal (circum, around, anus). 
Surrounding the anus. C. glands, glands around the 
anus. 
Circumbuc'cal (circum, around, bucca, mouth). 
Around the opening of the mouth. 
Circumcalualis membrana, sur-kum-kal-u-al'is 
mem-bran'ah. Conj unctiva. 
Circumcised, sur'kum-sized. Subjected to circum- 
cision. 
Circumci'ser. One who practises circumcision ; a 
peritomist. 
Circumcisio, sur-kum-siz'e-o (circum, credo, to cut), 
Circumcision. C. foemina'rum, removal of the 
nymphse; see Circumcision. 
Circumcision, sur-kum-sizh'un. Posthetomy; an- 
cient operation performed by some nations, as the 
Jews, as a religious ceremony. It consists in re- 
moving circularly a portion of the prepuce of infants- 
a custom which was probably suggested with a view 
to cleanliness. In cases of extraordinary length of 
prepuce, or when affected with disease, the operation 
is sometimes performed by surgeons. A similar 
operation is practised among the /Egyptians, Ara- 
bians, and Persians on the female, Circumcisio foemina- 
rum, by removing a portion of the nymphae, and at 
times the clitoris. C. of the conjuncti'va, peritomy. 
Circumcisura, sur-kum-siz-u'rah. Circumcision; 
circular incision. 
Circumcisus, sur-kum-se'zus. One who has been 
circumcised. 
Circumclusion, sur-kum-klu'zhun (circum, cludo, to 
close). Closure of an artery by a pin and wire loop ; 
a form of acupressure. 
Circumcorneal, sur-kum-kor'ne-al. Around the 
cornea. 
Circumduction, sur-kum-duc'shun (circum, duco, to 
lead). Circular motion impressed on a luxated bone 
for the purpose of reducing it. 
Circumductionis opifer, sur-kum-duk-she-o'nis op'- 
if-er (worker of circumduction). Obliquus superior 
oculi. 
Circumferentia articularis, sur-kum-fer-en'she-ah 
ar-tik-u-lar'is. The cylindrical surface which pro- 
duces lateral articulation of the radius. Also, the sur- 
face by which the head of the ulna similarly articu- 
lates with the lower end of the radius. 
Circumferential cartilage, sur - kum - fer - en' shal 
kar'til-aje. Circular fibro-cartilage surrounding the 
cavity of a joint. 
Circumflex, sur'kum-fleks (circum, flecto, to bend). 
Curved circularly; name given to several organs. 
C. or artic'ular ar'teries of the arm are distinguished 
into anterior and posterior; they arise from the axil- 
lary, and are distributed around the shoulder. C. 
ar'teries of the thigh are distinguished into external 
and internal; are given off from the profunda, and 
surround the head of the thigh bone. C. il'iac ar'- 
teries, see Iliac. C. mus'cle, muscle arising from the 
spinous process of the sphenoid bone, and inserted 
into the velum pendulum palati; it stretches the ve- 
lum. C. nerve, axillary nerve. C. of pal'ate, cir- 
cumflexus palati. C. veins follow the arteries. 
Circumflex'or. Muscle that bends or twists, as the 
C. muscle of the Eustachian tube. 
Circumflexus, sur-kum-fleks'us. Circumflex. C. 
pala'ti or pala'ti mol'lis, tensor palati; abductor 
of the Eustachian tube. 
Circumforaneus, sur-kum-for-an'e-us (circum, foris, 
door). Charlatan. 
Circumfusa, sur-kum-fu'sah (circum, fundo, to pour). 
238 
i CIRRHOSIS 
Surroundings, as atmosphere, climate, residence, etc.; 
in short, everything which acts constantly on man 
externally and internally. 
Circumgyration, sur-kum-ji-ra'shun (circum, gyrus, 
circle). Vertigo. 
Circumligatura, sur-kum-lig-at-u'rah (circum, ligo, 
to bind). Ligature; paraphimosis. 
Circumlitio, sur - kum - lish' e - o (circum, lino, to 
anoint). Term formerly used for liniments, but espe- 
cially for those applied to the eyelids. 
Circumnutation, sur-kum-nu-ta'shun. Describing 
a circle by variable arcs. 
Circumoc'ular (circum, oculus, eye). Surrounding 
the eye. 
Circumossale, sur-kum-os-sal'e (circwwi, os, bone). 
Periosteum. 
Circumpolar, sur-kum-po'lar. Surrounding a 
pole. 
Circumpolariza'tion. Examination as to amount 
of sugar in a liquid by rotation of polarized light. 
Circumscribed, sur'kum-skribed (circum, scribo, to 
write, to make lines). Term applied, in pathology, to 
tumors which at their base are distinct from the sur- 
rounding part. 
Circumsection, sur-kum-sek'shun (circum, seco, to 
cut). Circumcision. 
Circumvalla'tae papil'lse (circum, vallo, to in- 
trench). See Papillse of the tongue. 
Circumvallate, sur-kum-val'late. Surrounded by 
a ridge or prominence. See Papillse of the tongue. 
Circumvolution, sur-kum-vo-lu'shun. A winding 
around; convolution ; coil. C., cris'tate, dentate con- 
volution. 
Circus, sur'kus (circle). Circular bandage. C. 
move'ments, circular locomotion observed in brain 
aifections of a certain character. 
Cirrhagra, sir'rhag-rah (cirrus, curl, agra, seizure). 
Plica. C. Polono'rum, plica Polonica. 
Cirrhonosis, sir-ron-o'sis (kirrhos, yellow). Cirrhosis. 
Cirrhonosus, sir-ron'os-us (kirrhos, yellow, nosos, dis- 
ease). Disease of the foetus in which there is a yel- 
low coloration of the serous membranes. 
Cirrhosis, sir-ro'sis (kirrhos, yellow). Kirrhosis, Cir- 
rhonosis, Kirrhonosis. Pathological condition in which 
the tissues undergo change to induration from exces- 
sive formation of connective tissue followed by con- 
traction. Term was originally applied to a granular 
condition of the liver caused by yellow coloring 
matter sometimes secreted in the tissues. C., bil'iary, 
C. affecting tissues around the bile-ducts. C., car'diac 
or cor'dis, C. from chronic interstitial inflammation 
of the heart. C. he'patis, C. of the liver; Interstitial 
hepatitis, Granulated, granular, mammillated, tubercu- 
lated, or hobnailed liver. Appears to be dependent 
upon repletion of the terminal extremities of the 
biliary ducts with bile, along with altered nutrition 
of the intervening parenchyma, by which the liver 
becomes smaller in size or atrophied. The granular 
induration of drunkards is sometimes called lobular 
cirrhosis; see Hepatatrophia and Hepatitis, interstitial. 
C. hypertroph'ica adipo'sa, interstitial inflammation 
of the liver with fatty degeneration. C., ir'ritative, 
C. from irritation of some deleterious agent, such as 
alcohol. C. jec'oris, C. of the liver. C. of the kid'- 
ney, interstitial nephritis. C. of the liv'er, atroph'- 
ic, contraction of atrophied liver from interstitial in- 
flammation. C. of the lung, interstitial pneumonia ; 
condition of the lung, the general character of which 
is a tendency to consolidation or contraction of the 
pulmonary tissue, with dilatation of the bronchial 
tubes. It has been termed by others Fibroid degenera- 
tion of the lung; see Phthisis, fibroid. C., mus'cular, 
neurotic atrophy of muscle from injury or disease of 
ganglia cells of anterior cornu of cord, medulla, or 
pons, or of the efferent muscular fibres connecting 
them with the muscles. C. of the o'vary, interstitial 
oophoritis. C. parasita'ria, interstitial hepatitis 
caused by a parasite, Distomum campanulatum. C. 
peritone'i, peritonitis deformans. C. pulmo'nis or 
pulmo'num, interstitial pneumonia; C. of the lung. 
C. re'num, interstitial nephritis. C. of the stom'- CIRRHOTIC 
ach, chronic interstitial gastritis; see Linitis. C. ven- 
tric'uli, C. of the stomach. 
Cirrhotic, sir-rhot'ik. Affected with or having the 
character of cirrhosis. 
Cir'ri (pl. of Cirrus). Locks of hair; tendrils. C., 
aud'itory, auditory hairs in internal ear, presumably 
associated with audition. 
Cirsaneurysma, surs-an-u-riz'mah (kirsos, varix). 
Cirsoid aneurism. 
Cirshydroscheocele, surs-hid-ros-ke-o-se'le (Eng. 
surs-hi-dros'ke-o-seel). Cirsocele combined with hy- 
drocele. 
Cirsicus, surs'ik-us. Varicose. 
Cirsium arvense, surs'e-um ar-ven'se (cirsus, because 
formerly used in varix). Common plant, used in 
France in the form of cataplasm in hemorrhoids, 
and worn as an amulet. C. macula'tum, Carduus 
marianus. 
Cirsoblepharon, surs-o-blef'ar-on (cirsus, blepharon, 
eyelid). Varicosity of the eyelid. 
Cirsocele, surs-o-se'le (Eng. surs'o-seel) (cirsus, kele, 
hernia). Varicose hernia ; by some authors employed 
synonymously with varicocele; by others, Varicocele 
is the tumor formed by the veins of the scrotum; 
Circocele, Funiculus varicosus, Cirsocele funiculi semina- 
lis, the varicose dilatation of the spermatic veins. 
The scrotum feels as if it contained earth-worms; it 
is commonly an affection of no consequence, demand- 
ing merely the use of a suspensory bandage, but 
sometimes requires an operation. See Varicocele. 
Cirsoid, sur'soid (cirsus, eidos, resemblance). Vari- 
cose, or resembling a varix; term once applied to the 
upper part of the brain, as well as to the spermatic 
vessels. See Aneurism. 
Cirsom'phalos or Cirsomphalus, surs-om'fal-us (cir- 
sus, omphalos, navel). Varicose dilatation of the veins 
surrounding the navel. The term has likewise been 
applied to the aneurismal dilatation of the arteries of 
that region; called also Varicomphalus. 
Cirsophthalmia, surs-of-thal'me-ah (cirsus, ophthal- 
mos, eye). Varicose ophthalmia; high degree of oph- 
thalmia, in which the vessels of the conjunctiva are 
considerably injected; varicose condition of corneal 
staphyloma. 
Cirsoscheum, surs-os'ke-um (cirso, oscheon, scrotum). 
Cirsocele of the scrotum. 
Cirsotomy, surs-ot'o-me (cirsus, tome, incision). Ope- 
ration for the removal of varices by incision. 
Cirsul'cus (cirsus, ulcus, ulcer). Varicose ulcer. 
Cirsus, surs'us (torsos'). Varix. 
Cirsydroscheocele, surs-id-ros-ke-o-se'le (Eng. surs- 
id-ros'ke-o-sele) (cirsus, hudor, water, oscheon, scro- 
tum, kele, rupture). Varicocele with water in the 
scrotum. 
Ciseau, se-zo' (scindo, to cut). Flattened rod of 
metal, sharpened at one extremity, and used in ana- 
tomical preparations and in surgical operations for 
dividing bones. 
Cissa, sis'sah. Softening; malacia. 
Cissampelia (sis-sam-pel'e-ah) or Cissampeline, sis- 
sam'pel-een. Principle in pareira root (C18H21NO3). 
See Pareira brava. 
Cissampelos abutua, sis-sam'pel-os ab-u'tu-ah (kis- 
sos, ivy, ampelos, vine). Chondodendron tomentosum. 
C. Capen'sis grows in the mountainous parts of the 
Cape of Good Hope; root is used as an emetic and 
cathartic by the Boers. C. glaber'rima, see Pareira 
brava. C. microcar'pa, C. pareira. C. parei'ra, Pa- 
reira brava. 
Cissinum, sis-se'num. Plaster of ivy, used in 
wounds of the nerves or tendons. 
Cissoides, sis-so-e'des (cissus, eidos, resemblance). 
Eesembling ivy; capreolaris. 
Cissus (sis'sus) ac'ida. Sacred vine of India; roots 
are applied externally to buboes and piles. C. ala'ta 
has astringent leaves. C. digita'ta, native of Arabia ; 
leaves are antipyretic. C. glau'ca, elephant's vine; 
juice is used in form of plaster; leaves are anti- 
pyretic. C. heptaphylTa, native of India; used in 
diseases of the eye. C. quadrangula'ris grows in 
E. Indies and Africa; the leaves are used in affections 
239 
CITRUS 
of the bowels, and are applied externally in lumbago. 
C. quinquefo'lia, Ampelopsis quinquefolia. 
Cistern (sis'turn), lum'bar. Receptaculum chyli. 
C. of Pecquet', receptaculum chyli. C. sem'inis, re- 
ceptacle of the semen. 
Cisterna, sis-tur'nah (cista, chest). Term applied 
to various parts of the body which serve as reservoirs 
for different fluids. Fourth ventricle of the brain. 
Common meeting of the lactiferous vessels in the 
mamma. C. am'biens, arachnoid canal; subarach- 
noid space around crura cerebri. C. chias'matis, in- 
terpeduncular space. C. chy'li, receptaculum chyli. 
C. cor'poris callo'si, third ventricle; subarachnoid 
reservoir or confluence of vessels at the fossa of Syl- 
vius. C. lumba'ris, receptaculum chyli. C. mag'na, 
fourth ventricle; part of subarachnoid space above 
the transverse fissure of the cerebellum. C. Pecquet'i, 
receptaculum chyli. C. perilymphat'ica vestib'uli, 
space between utricle and saccule from osseous wall 
of vestibule. C. subarachnoida'lis, subarachnoid 
space. 
Cisternaa, sis-tur'ne (pl. of Cisterna). Reservoirs 
of various sorts, or confluent vessels, as cisternse pon- 
tis, subarachnoid confluents at base of brain. 
Cistocele (sis-to-se'le) or Cys'tern of Pecquet'. 
Cystocele. 
Cistus Canadensis, sis'tus kan-a-den'sis. Helian- 
themum Canadense. C. Cre'ticus, Gum cistus, Rock 
rose; systematic name of the plant whence the Lab- 
danum, Labdamen, or Ladanum, a blackish-green gum- 
resinous substance of agreeable smell, is obtained. 
Formerly it was a component of warm plasters, and 
prescribed internally as a stomachic. Ladanum is 
also obtained from Cistus ladaniferus and C. laurifo- 
lius. C. gum, C. Creticus. C. salvifo'lius, C. Creticus. 
C. taur'icus, C. Creticus. 
Citharus, sith'ar-us. Thorax. 
Citrago, sit-rah'go (citrus, citron). Melissa. 
Citraria, sit-rah're-ah. Melissa. 
Citras, sit'ras. Citrate. C. ammo'nico-fer'ricus, 
ammonio-ferric citrate. C. bismuth'icus, bismuth 
citrate. C. chinicus, quiniae citras. C. fer'ricus, fer- 
ric citrate. C. kal'icus, potassium citrate. C. lith'- 
icus, lithium citrate. C. magnes'icus, magnesium 
citrate. C. potas'sicus, potassium citrate. C. quin'- 
icus, quinine citrate. C. sod'icus, sodium citrate. 
Citrate, sit'rate. A salt of citric acid, as citrate of 
iron, magnesium, etc., from its combination with 
magnesium, iron, etc. 
Citrea mains, sit're-ah mal'us. See Citrus medica. 
Cit'rene. Terebinthinate volatile oil (CioHw) from 
rind of the lemon. C. hy'drate or C. ter'pin, crys- 
tallized substance from adding water to citrene. 
Citreolus, sit-re'ol-us. Cucumis sativus. 
Citreous, sit're-us. Lemon-like. 
Citric acid, sit'rik as'id. Acidum 
citricum (Ph. IT. S. and Br.), Acid of lemons. Is found 
in the juice of the lemon, lime, cranberry, etc., from 
which it is obtained, and has an extremely acid but 
agreeable taste. Employed in medicine as antiseptic, 
refrigerant, and diuretic. Rubbed up with sugar and 
with a little of the essence of lemon, it forms dry 
lemonade. 
Citrine (sit'rin) ointment. Ointment of nitrate of 
mercury. • 
Citrion, sit're-on. See Citrus medica. 
Citron, sit'ron. The citron; fruit of Citrus medica. 
Also the lemon. 
Citronelle', Artemisia abrotanum ; melissa. 
Citrul, Sicilian, sit'rul, se-si'le-an. Cucurbita cit- 
rullus. 
Citrullus, sit-rul'lus (dim. of Citrus, from its color). 
Cucurbita citrullus. C. ama'rus, African plant, called 
by the Boers Bitterapple or Wild watermelon, the pulp 
of which, like that of colocynth, is a drastic cathartic. 
C. colocyn'this or vulga'ris, Cucumis colocynthis. 
Citrus, sit'rus. See Citrus medica. C.ac'ida, see Lime. 
C. auran'tium, systematic name of the Orange tree, ord. 
Aurantiaceae. Its fruit is called orange. The flowers of 
the orange, aurantii flores, are highly odoriferous, and 
are used as a perfume. On distillation they yield a CITTA 
small quantity of essential oil-oZewm. aurantii, oleum 
or essentia neroli, neroli-with spirit and water, the 
Aqua aurantii florum (Ph. U. S.), Aurantii floris aqua, 
Aqua aurantii, or Orange-flower water. They were 
once used in convulsive and epileptic cases; the 
leaves, folia aurantii, have a bitterish taste, and fur- 
nish an essential oil, and have been used for the same 
purposes as the flowers. The yellow rind of the fruit, 
Aurantii amari cortex (Ph. B.), of Citrus bigaradia, 
bigarade or bitter orange, orange-peel, is an aro- 
matic bitter, and is used in dyspepsia and where that 
class of remedies is required. The juice, succus 
aurantii, orange-juice, is a grateful acid, and used 
as a beverage in febrile and scorbutic affections. 
The Ph. U. S. has Aurantii amari cortex, bitter or- 
ange-peel, the rind of the fruit of Citrus vulgaris; 
and Aurantii dulcis cortex, sweet orange-peel, the 
rind of the fruit of Citrus aurantium. Citrus auran- 
tium has a large number of varieties in different 
parts of the world, the fruit differing in appearance, 
taste, and quality. C. a'cris, species of Citrus med- 
ica; its fruit is called lime. C. auran'tium, see 
Citrus. C. berga'mia, Citrus mella rosa. C. bigara'- 
dia, see Citrus aurantium. C. de'cumana, shaddock. 
C. limet'ta, see Citrus mella rosa and Lime; also 
variety of C. medica. C. limo'num, C. medica. C. 
med'ica, systematic name of the lemon tree. The 
lemon has a fragrant odor, depending upon the es- 
sential oil of the rind, oleum limonis. The outer rind, 
cortex limonum, Limonis cortex (Ph. U. S. and Br.), 
lemon-peel, is used in the same cases as the cortex 
aurantii. The juice, Succus limonis (Ph. U. S. and Br.), 
limonum succus, is sharp but. gratefully acid, the 
acidity depending upon the citric acid it contains, 
and is given as a refrigerant beverage in febrile af- 
fections. In doses of half an ounce to an ounce, three 
times a day, it has appeared to some to exert a seda- 
tive influence on the circulation, and has been given, 
apparently with a benefit, in acute rheumatism and 
rheumatic gout. Alone, or combined with wine, it is 
prescribed in scurvy, putrid sore throat, etc. Its gen- 
eral properties are refrigerant and antiseptic. Sweet- 
ened and diluted, it forms lemonade. Artificial lemon 
juice is made by dissolving an ounce of citric acid in 
fourteen fluidounces of water, adding a few drops of 
essence of lemon. Citron tree is likewise considered to 
belong to the same species-Citrus medica. Its fruit 
is called cedromela. It is larger and less succulent than 
the lemon. Citron juice, when sweetened with sugar, is 
called by the Italians Agro di cedro. C. mel'la ro'sa 
of De Lamarck, another variety of Citrus medica, 
affords the bergamot, as also do Citrus limetta and C. 
Bergamia; see Bergamot. C. vulga'ris, Citrus auran- 
tium, var. amara. Seville orange, from E. Indies, 
China and Cochin China, S. Europe, N. Africa, and 
W. Indies. The leaves are employed in nervous 
diseases, and the rind is tonic and carminative. 
Citta, sit'tah. Malacia. 
Cittos, sit'tos. Hedera helix. 
Cittosis, sit-to'sis. Chlorosis; malacia. 
City a'vens. Geum urbanum. 
Civ'et. Unctuous perfume, of very penetrating 
odor, obtained from different mammalia of the Viverra 
kind, particularly from Viverra civetta, contained in 
a fold of the skin situate between the anus and the 
organs of generation; very seldom employed as an 
antispasmodic. 
Civetta, siv-et'tah. Civet. 
Civiale's operation, siv-e-al''s op - e-ra' shun. 
Lithotrity. 
Civitas Hippocratica, siv'it-as hip-po-krat'ik-ah. 
Salernum. 
Clab'ber. Bonnyclabber. 
Clabbergrass, klab'ur-grass. Galium verum. 
Clacking, klak'ing (onomatopoeia). Claquement. 
Clades glandularia, klah'des glan-du-lah're-ah 
(glandular scourge). Plague. 
Cladiscus, klad-is'kus (klados, young shoot). Ea- 
musculus. 
Cladonica islandica, klad-on'ik-ah is-lan'dik-ah 
(Iclados, branch, because branched). Lichen islandi- 
240 
CLASP-KNIFE RIGIDITY 
cus. C. pyxida'ta, species at one time prescribed for 
intermittent fever and whooping cough. C. rangife- 
ri'na, European plant, pectoral and stomachic. C. 
sanguin'ea, Brazilian species, employed in aphthae. 
C. vermicula'ris, species of S. America, stomachic. 
Cladoph'ytum (klados, branch, phuton, vegetable). 
Growth of mycoderma in the intestines of animals. 
Cladothrix, klad'o-thriks (klados, branch, thrix, 
hair). A genus of schizomycetes of long, filamentous 
formation. See Bacteria. 
Cladrastis tinctoria, klad-ras'tris tink-to're-ah. 
Yellow ash, Fustic tree, Yellow locust. Indigenous 
tree, flourishing from Kentucky to Alabama. The 
bark of the tree and the roots are cathartic. 
Cladus, klah'dus. Ramus. 
Clairet, klair'et (clarus, clear). Claret. 
Clairvoyance, klair-voy'onse (F., clear-seeing). Mes- 
meric clairvoyance. Clearness of sight, said to be 
communicated by animal magnetism, which not only 
enables the magnetized person to see in the dark, 
through stone walls, etc., but even to observe pros- 
pects which he has never seen previously, while he 
may fancy he is flying in the air. It need hardly be 
said that the possession of such powers is fabulous. 
Clairvoyance is said to have originated in the experi- 
ments of the Marquis Puysegur, a disciple and rival 
of Mesmer, and hence it has been proposed to call it 
Puysegurian clairvoyance. See Magnetism, animal, and 
Somnambulism. 
Clammy, klam'me (Sax. clam, D. klam, moist). 
Viscous, glutinous. A clammy mouth is one covered 
with a mucous coat. C. weed, Polanisea graveolens. 
Clamor, klam'or. Cry; loud exercise of the voice; 
vociferation. 
Clamp. Arrangement for holding fast to a tumor, 
artery, etc. by compression; see Ovariotomy. 
Clangor, klan'gor (klange, loud clang or noise). 
See Oxyphonia. C. infan'tum, asthma thymicum; 
laryngismus stridulus. 
Clap. Gonorrhoea impura (' leper with a clap-dish, 
to give notice he is infectious.'-Massinger). C., ex- 
ternal, gonorrhoea spuria. C. threads, albuminous 
filaments in the urine in gonorrhoeal inflammation of 
the bladder. 
Clap'wort. Orobanche Americana. 
Claquement (F.), klak'mon. Sound made by valves 
coming together, as at the mouth of the pulmonary 
artery and the aorta during the dilatation of the 
ventricles. 
Claret, klar'et. Pleasant French wine, which may 
be used whenever wine is required. Also, a wine 
impregnated with spice and sugar, called likewise 
Vinum Hippocraticum. C. stain, a form of angioma 
or naevus. 
Clareta, klar-et'ah (clarus, clear). Albumen ovi. 
Claretum, klar-et'um (clarus, clear). Claret. 
Clariflcant, klar-if'ik-ant (clarus, clear, facio, to 
make). That which has the effect of making a liquid 
clear. 
Clarification, klar-if-i-ka'shun (clarus, clear, facio, 
to make). Depuration. Pharmaceutical operation con- 
sisting in separating from a liquid every insoluble 
substance held in suspension by it that affects its 
transparency. Decanting and filtering are the opera- 
tions necessary for this purpose. 
Clar'ified hon'ey. See Mel despumatum. 
Clarify, klar'if-i. To make clear a liquid in which 
foreign matter is in solution or suspension. 
Clarke's corroding ulcer, kor-ro'ding ul'sur. Ulcer 
of the neck or of the vaginal portion of the uterus. 
Clark's col'umn. See Column, Clark's. 
Cla'ry, com'mon. Salvia sclarea. 
Clasis, klas'is. Fracture; fragment. 
Clasma, klaz'mah. Fragment. 
Clasmatocytes, klas-mat'o-sites (klasma, anything 
broken in pieces, kutos, cell). Very large branched 
cells discovered by Ranvier in connective tissue, which 
tend to break up into small particles. 
Clasp-knife rigid'ity. Reflex spasm of the legs in 
myotatic irritability of the spinal cord, the peculiar 
motion of extension suggesting the name. CLASS 
Class. Assemblage of a certain number of objects. 
In natural history and in medicine, a group of ob- 
jects or individuals having one or more common 
characters. Classes are divided into orders, orders 
into genera, genera into species, and these last into 
varieties. 
Classification, klas-si-fi-ka'shuu (classis, class, facio, 
to make). Formation of classes. Methodical distri- 
bution of any object whatever-as in natural history 
-into classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. 
See Nosography and Nosology. 
Clastic, klas'tik (klao, to break). Easily broken; 
capable of being taken apart piecemeal. C. anat'omy, 
see Anatomy. 
Clathrocystis, klath-ro-sis'tis(cZa<7wws,trellis, kustis, 
pouch). Genus of bacteria which form zobgleae in 
circular layers. 
Claudicatio, klawd-e-kah'she-o (claudico, to halt). 
Claudication. C. anat'ica, staggering, waddling. C. 
sponta'nea, limping from hip-joint, a disease noticed 
at an early period of that affection in children. 
Claudication, klawd-i-ka'shun. The act of halting 
or limping; lameness. This condition may not con- 
stitute any special disease, but may be produced by 
different causes or affections. It may be the result of 
the shortening or elongation of one of the lower 
limbs, of ankylosis of the joints, palsy of the muscles, 
pain, etc. 
Clauditas, klawd'it-as. Claudication. 
Claudius (klawd'e-us), cells of. See Corti. 
Claustrophobia, klaws-tro-fo'be-ah (claustrum, a 
closed place, phobos, fear). Morbid dread of confine- 
ment in closed places. 
Claustrum, klaws'trum (claudo, to shut). Barrier. 
Layer of gray cerebral matter situated between island 
of Reil and external capsule. C. gut'turis, isthmus 
of the fauces. C. o'ris or pala'ti, velum pendulum 
palati. C. virginita'tis or virgina'le, hymen. 
Clausura, klaw-su'rah (claudo, to shut). Imperfora- 
tion of any canal or cavity. C. u'teri, preternatural 
imperforation of the uterus. 
Clau'sus. Closed. 
Clava, klav'ah (clava, knotty branch). Calamus 
aromaticus; posterior pyramid. Enlargement of fu- 
niculus gracilis in the medulla oblongata. C. rugo'sa, 
Acorus calamus. 
Clavaeformis, klav-e-for'mis (clava, forma). Club- 
shaped. 
Clavaria coralloides, klav-ar'e-ah kor-al-lo-e'des 
(clava, knotty branch, club). Coralwort, ord. Fungi. 
Said to be corroborant and astringent. 
Clavate nucleus, klav'ate nu'kle-us (clava, knotty 
branch). The nucleus of gray matter in funiculus 
gracilis in the medulla oblongata. 
Clavatio, klav-ah'she-o (clavus, a nail). Gomphosis. 
Clavelization, klav-el-i-za'shun (clavelee, sheep- 
pox). Inoculation of sheep with the virus of sheep- 
pox. 
Clavellate, klav'el-late. Club-shaped. 
Clavelli cinnamomi, klav - el' le sin - nam - o' me. 
Cassia buds. 
Claves (pl. of Clavis, key) calvarise, klav'es kal- 
var'e-e. Wormiana ossa. 
Claviceps, klav'i-seps. Parasitic fungi, from one 
species of which ergot of rye is derived. C. purpu'rea, 
ergot of rye fungus, from which the officinal ergot, 
Ergota (Ph. IL S. and Br.), is obtained. Other ergots 
are also included in this sp'ecies. 
Clavicle, klav'ik'l (dim. of Clavis, key). Collar- 
bone. The clavicle is shaped like the letter S, and is 
placed transversely at the upper part of the thorax. 
It is articulated at one extremity with the sternum, 
at the other with the acromion process of the scapula. 
It gives attachment above to the sterno-cleido-mas- 
toid; below, to the subclavius; before, to the pectoralis 
major and deltoid; and behind, to the trapezius. It 
serves as a point of support for the muscles of the 
arm, and protects the vessels and nerves passing to 
that extremity. The fibres connecting the lamellae 
or plates of bones have alsq been called Claviculi or 
Nails. 
241 
CLEFT 
Clavicula, klav-ik'u-lah. Clavicle. 
Clavicular, klav-ik'u-lar. Eelating to the clavicle 
or collar-bone. C. nerves, branches of the fourth cer- 
vical nerve which are distributed to the clavicular 
region. 
Clavicularls, klav-ik-u-lar'is. Clavicular. Sub- 
clavius muscle. 
Claviculate, klav-ik'u-late. Provided with clavicles. 
Claviculi, klav-ik'u-le. See Clavicle. 
Claviform, klav'i-form. Club-shaped. 
Clavimanus, kla-vim'an-us. Having a club-shaped 
hand. 
Claviotrachelian, klav-e-o-trak-e'le-an. Eelating 
to the clavicle and neck; occasional muscle from 
transverse process of third and fourth cervical ver- 
tebrae to outer third of clavicle. 
Clavipectoral, klav-i-pek'tor-al. Eelating to clav- 
icle and chest. 
Clavipes, klav'e-pes. Having club-shaped feet. 
Clavis, klav'is (key). Clavicle; key. C. an'glica, 
key. 
Clavlsm, klav'izm. Ergotism. 
Clavisternal, klav-i-stur'nal. Sterno-clavicular. C. 
bone, manubrium. 
Claviventris, klav-e-ven'tris. Having a club-shaped 
belly. 
Clavosus, klav-o'sus. Nail-shaped. 
Clavulate, klav'u-late. Club-shaped. 
Clavuliger (klav-u'le-jur) or Clavaligero'sus. Pos- 
sessing a club-shaped appendage. 
Clavus, klav'us (nail). This word is employed in 
medicine in various senses. It means a corn, from its 
resemblance to the head of a nail. Condylomatous 
excrescence of the uterus. Callous tumor which 
forms on the white of the eye, and resembles a nail, 
clavus oculi; considered by some as synonymous 
with staphyloma; by others, with staphyloma 
of the cornea. The penis. C. cerea'lis, ergot. C. 
hyster'icus, acute pain confined to a small point of 
the head, described by the sick as resembling that 
which would be produced by a nail driven into the 
head; particularly noticed in hysterical females, 
hence its name. It is called Ovum hystericum when 
the pain occupies a greater extent. C. oculo'rum, 
staphyloma. C. secali'nus, ergot. C. secaTis, ergot. 
C. silig'inis, ergot. 
Claw'hand. Deformity of the hand in which the 
wrist is elongated and the fingers are permanently 
contorted, so as to produce the effect of a claw. 
Clay-eat'er. Geophagist. 
Clay-eat'ing. Geophagism. 
Claytonia (kla-ton'e-ah) tubero'sa. Plant growing 
in Siberia and North America; bulbs are used as 
food. 
Cleansings, klenz'ings. Lochia. 
Clear'ing-nut. Seed of Strychnos potatorum. 
Clear-see'ing. Clairvoyance. 
Clear'weed. Pilea pumila. 
Cleav'age (Sax. cleopan, to split). The natural line 
of separation exhibited by certain substances, as min- 
erals, when subjected to mechanical force. The term 
has been applied to the separation of muscles into 
longitudinal and circular striae when mechanical 
violence is used; also to the segmentation or furrow- 
ing of the vitellus in early foetal life. See Segmentation. 
C. of o'vum, see Segmentation. 
Cleav'ers (cleave, to adhere). Galium aparine. C-s' 
bees, Galium aparine. 
Cleave'wort. Galium verum. 
Cleft (cleaved). Eima. See Monster. C., accessory, 
calibre of a portion of the Eustachian tube resembling 
a slit. C., bran'chial, cleft or fissure occurring in early 
foetal life in the development of the cranium. C., 
hyzoid or hy'o-bran'chial, space existing between 
hyoid and the first branchial arches. C., maxil'lo- 
intermax'illary, space existing between fronto-nasal 
and maxillary plates in the foetus; if this space re- 
mains open, cleft palate ensues. C. of the nates, 
space between the nates. C., oc'ular, embryonic cleft 
between fronto-nasal process and superior maxillary 
plate. C. pal'ate, see Harelip. C., primitive cer'ebral, CLEIDAGRA 
noticeable depression in the embryonic roof of the 
cerebrum, dividing the prosencephalon from the thal- 
amencephalon. C. ster'num, congenital fissure of 
sternum due to cartilaginous defect. C., vis'ceral, 
four branchial openings in the foetus, only one of which 
remains open, and from it the meatus auditorius, 
Eustachian tube, and tympanum are developed. C. 
of the vul'va, space embraced between labia maj ora 
of vulva. 
Cleidagra, kleid'ah-grah (cleis, agra, seizure). Cleis- 
agra. 
Cleidzal. Pertaining to the clavicle. 
Cleidarthritis (kleid-ar-thre'tis) or Cleidarthroc- 
ace, kleid-ar-throk'as-e (cleis, arthritis'). Gout in the 
clavicle. 
Cleidion, kleid'e-on. Clavicle. 
Cleido. In composition, clavicle. 
Cleido-atlanticus, kli'do-at-lan'tik-us. Levator 
claviculse. 
Cleido-brachialis, kli'do-brak-e-al'is. Relating to 
clavicle and arm. 
Cleido-cervicalis, kli'do-sur-ve-kal'is. Relating to 
the clavicle and neck. 
Cleido-costal, kli'do-kos'tal. Costo-clavicular. 
Cleido-epistropheus, kli'do-ep-is-trof'e-us. Relat- 
ing to clavicle and to cervical vertebrae. 
Cleido-fascialis, kli'do-fas-se-al'is. Cleido-cervi- 
calis. 
Cleido-hyoid, kli'do-hi'oid. Sterno-hyoid. C.-h. 
mus'cle, accessory to sterno-hyoid. 
Cleido-mastoideus, kli'do-mas-to-e'de-us. Posterior 
portion of the cleido-mastoideus, considered as a sep- 
arate muscle. It has been corrupted into clinomas- 
toideus. 
Cleido-narthex, kli'do-nar'theks (cleis, key, narthex, 
splint). Splint for the clavicle. 
Cleido-occipital, kli'do-ok-sip'it-al. Relating to 
clavicle and occiput. 
Cleido-omohyoideus, kli'do-o-mo-he-o-e'de-us. Omo- 
hyoid muscle. 
Cleido-sternal, kli-do-stur'nal. Sterno-clavicular. 
Cleis. Clavicle; key. 
Cleisagra (kleis'ah-grah) or Cleid'agra (cleis, agra, 
seizure). Gout in the clavicle. 
Cleisis, kli'sis. A closing. 
Cleithorion (kleith-or'e-on), Cleithoris (kleith'or-is), 
Cleitorion (kleit-or'e-on), or Cleitoris, kleit'or-is. Clit- 
oris. 
Cleithron, kleith'ron. See Claustrum. 
Clematidin, klem-at'id-in. Substance obtained 
from Aristolochia clematitis; has properties similar 
to Aristolochia. 
Clematine, klem'at-een. Alkaloid of Clematis vi- 
talba. 
Clematis, klem'at-is (klematis, branch of a vine, 
tendril). Genus of plants in the Linnsean system. 
C. alpi'na, leaves act as irritant, and seeds possess 
purgative properties. C. angustifo'lia grows in 
Southern Europe and parts of Asia. Tea is prepared 
from dried leaves in Siberia. C. biterna'ta, roots 
and part of stem possess sudorific and diuretic 
properties. C. cam'phor, substance with a pun- 
gent odor derived by distillation from some vari- 
eties of clematis. C. Chinens'is, used in China; 
same properties as C. biternata. C. corymbo'sa, 
C. erecta. C. cris'pa, see Clematis vitalba. C. daph- 
noi'des ma'jor, Vinca major. C. dioi'ca, Jamaica 
clematis. C. erec'ta, Upright virgin's bower, order 
Ranunculacete. Leaves contain an acrid principle; 
have been esteemed antivenereal, and in the form of 
powder have been used as an escharotic. C. flamz- 
mula, sweet-scented virgin's bower; see C. vitalba. 
C. rec'ta, C. erecta. C. se'pium, C. vitalba. C. 
serlc'ea, Mexican clematis. C. vior'na, leather-flower; 
see C. vitalba. C. virgin'ica, common virgin's bower; 
see C. vitalba. C. vital'ba, traveller's joy, common 
virgin's bower; has been used in the same cases as 
C. erecta. In infusion it has been applied in cases 
of itch. Leaves of C. crispa, C. flammula, C. virginica, 
and C. viorna have similar properties to C. vitalba. 
Clematitin, klem-at-e'tin. Clematidin. 
242 
CLIMACTERIUM 
Clematitis erecta, klem-at-e'tis e-rek'tah. Clematis 
erecta. 
Cleome, kle'o-me. Spider-flower; genus of the 
Capparidace®. C. dodecan'dra grows in India and 
United States; root is employed as a vermifuge in 
the latter country. C. feli'na grows in India; em- 
ployed in that country in epistaxis. C. frutes'cens, 
found in French Guiana; leaves have vesicant prop- 
erties. C. frutico'sa, employed as a vermifuge. C. 
icosan'dra has vesicant properties. 
Cleone pentaphylla, kla-o'ne pen - tah - fil' lah. 
Gynandropsis pentaphylla. 
Cleonicion, kle-on-ik'e-on. Clinopodium vulgare. 
Cleonis collyrium, kle-o'nis kol-lir'e-um. Collyr- 
ium described by Celsus, composed of equal parts of 
Samian earth, myrrh, and thus mixed with white of 
egg (called, doubtless, after its inventor). C. glu'- 
ten, astringent formula of myrrh, frankincense, and 
white of egg. 
Clepsydra, klep-sid'rah (klepto, to conceal, hudor, 
water). Instrument contrived by Paracelsus to con- 
vey fumigations to the uterus; also, a water-clock. 
Cleptomania, klep-to-man'e-ah Cldepto, to steal). 
Kleptomania. 
Clergymen's (kler'je-men's) sore throat. Chronic 
catarrhal condition of the mucous membrane of the 
pharynx and larynx, with alteration of the voice, to 
which clergymen are especially liable. See Pharyngitis, 
follicular. 
Clerodendron (kler-o-den'dron) or Cleroden'drum. 
Genus of shrubs or trees. C. iner'me grows in In- 
dia, where it is used in syphilis and scrofulosis; said 
to be a tonic and febrifuge. C. infortuna'tum, shrub 
of India, where .it is employed as an antiperiodic and 
vermifuge. C. phlomoi'des, juice of leaves is em- 
ployed in the treatment of syphilis. C. serra'tum, 
employed internally in India in fevers; also exter- 
nally as an ointment. 
Clethra, kle'thrah. Alnus. C. anifo'lia, Sweet 
pepperbush, White alder; indigenous; order Erica- 
ceae. Leaves and flowers are diaphoretic and ex- 
citant. 
Clethropho/bia (klethron, a bar or bolt, phobos, fear). 
Morbid dread of enclosed places. 
Cletoris, klet'or-is. Clitoris. 
Cliamon'none. Jatropha gossypifolia. 
Clicking, klik'ing (onomatopoeia). See Bale, sibi- 
lant. 
Clidarthrocace, klid-ar-throk'as-e. Gout in the 
clavicle. 
Glider, kle'der. Galium aparine. 
Clidion, klid'e-on. Clavicle. 
Cliffortia ilicifolia, klif-fort'e-ah il-is-e-fo'le-ah (af- 
ter George Cliffbrt, burgomaster of Amsterdam). Ord. 
Rosacese; common South African plant used by the 
Boers as an emollient expectorant in catarrh. 
Clig'notte. Fatal disease which occurred in the 
mountainous part of Spain in the year 1849, charac- 
terized by ulcers in various parts of the body. 
Clima, kle'mah. Climate. 
Climacter, klim-ak'tur. Climacterium. 
Climacteric, kli-mak'ter-ik (klimakter, a step). Cli- 
materic. Word properly signifying "by degrees," but 
applied to certain times of life regarded to be critical. 
It is now chiefly applied to periods of life at which great 
changes may occur, independently of any numerical 
estimate of years; such are the period of puberty in 
both sexes, and of the cessation of menses in women. 
C. years, according to some, those in the life of man 
which are multiples of the number 7-septenniads. 
Some have admitted only three climacterics; others 
have extended them to multiples of 9, the 63d year 
being the grand climacteric - 63 being the product 
of the multiplication of 7 by 9. It was thought that 
the period of three, seven, or nine, which they 
respectively adopted, was necessary to the entire re- 
newal of the body, at which times there would be 
found none of the parts of which it had previously 
consisted. 
Climacterium, kli-mak-te're-um. Cessation of 
menses in women. CLIMATAL 
Cli'matal. Climatic. 
Cli'mate (klima, region). In a hygienic point of 
view, climate means, since Hippocrates, a country or 
region differing from another in respect to season, 
qualities of the soil, heat of atmosphere, etc. It em- 
braces, in a general manner, all the physical circum- 
stances belonging to each region which exert an in- 
fluence on living beings. The complexion of the 
inhabitants of one zone, as well as the prevalent 
diseases, are modified by climate or locality. Hot 
climates predispose to abdominal affections, or to 
abdominal complications in febrile affections; cold 
climates, to thoracic complications, etc. 
One of the most important considerations is the 
comparative fitness of climates for the residence of 
invalids, and especially those liable to, or suffering 
under, bronchitic or consumptive affections. The 
great object is to select a climate which will admit 
of regular and daily exercise in the open air, so that 
the invalid may derive every advantage which this 
form of revulsion can effect. The temperature of the 
winter months is a most important object of attention. 
Equability of temperature is essential, as all sudden 
changes interfere with the great desideratum of 
exercise in the open air. Chronic rheumatism and 
gout are benefited by a warm climate, which, again, 
is unfavorable to those predisposed to cerebral 
diseases, especially to such as are characterized by 
debility and mobility of the nervous system-as 
paralysis, epilepsy, mania, etc. Hypochondriasis and 
dyspepsia require rather change of climate and 
travelling exercise than a sojourn in any one. 
Climateric, kli-mat'er-ik. Climacteric. 
Climati assuetus, kle'mat-e as-swa'tus. Accli- 
mated. 
Climatic, kli'mat-ik. Climatal. Belonging to or 
dependent upon climate. C. diseases, such as are 
caused by climate. 
Climation, kli-ma'shun. Acclimation. 
Climatological, kli-mat-o-loj'ik-al. Relating to 
climatology. 
Climatology, kli-mat-ol'o-je (klima, region, logos, 
discourse). Treatise on climates, their effects on 
organized bodies, etc. 
Climatotherapy, kli-mat-o-ther'a-pe (klima, climate, 
therapeuo, to cure). Climatic treatment of diseases. 
Climber (klimb'ur), wood'y. Ampelopsis quinque- 
folia. 
Climbing staff tree. Bark and root of Celastrus 
scandens; alterative, diuretic, narcotic. 
Cline, klin'e. Bed. Hence: 
Clineres, klin-a'rez. Confined to bed by sickness. 
Cling. Diarrhoea occurring among sheep. 
Cling-ras'cal. Galium aparine. 
Cliniater, klin-e-at'ur (cline, iatros, a physician). 
Clinical physician. 
Cliniatria, klin-e-at-re'ah (cline, iatreia, healing 
art). Clinical medicine. 
Cliniatricus, klin-e-at'rik-us (cline, iatros, physi- 
cian). Clinical. 
Cliniatrus, klin-e-at'rus. Clinical physician. 
Clinic, klin'ik (kline, a bed). Instruction at the 
bedside; but the term now includes instruction also 
based on cases brought before a class even when the 
patient is not in bed. Bedridden. One confined to 
bed by sickness. 
Clinica, klin'ik-ah. Clinical medicine. 
Clinical, klin'ik-al (cline). Relating to a bed. C. 
lec'ture, one given at the bedside or on a particular 
case or cases. C. medicine, that which is occupied 
with the investigation of diseases at the bedside, or 
individually. C. physician, one who practises or 
teaches clinical medicine. C. thermom'eter, ther- 
mometer for determining the temperature of the 
skin or accessible mucous membranes in fevers, etc. 
Clinically, klin'ik-aLe. Viewed from a clinical 
standpoint. 
Clinice (klin'is-e) or Clinica. Clinical medicine. 
Clinician, klin-ish'e-an. Clinical physician. 
Clinicist, klin'i-sist. Clinician; also pupil attend- 
ing a clinic. 
243 
CLITORIS 
Clinicum, klin'ik-um. Clinic. 
Clinicus, klin'ik-us. Clinician. 
Clinique (F.). Clinical. The term is also used 
substantively for Ecole clinique or Clinical school-a 
school in which medicine is taught by examining 
diseases on the patients themselves before the class. 
The term has been anglicized Clinic in this country. 
Clinocephalia, klin-o-sef-al'e-ah (cline, kephale, 
head). Monstrosity in which the head is usually 
flattened, owing to synostosis of the parietal and 
sphenoid bones-Saddle-head. 
Clinocephalous, klin-o-sef'al-us. One affected with 
clinocephalia; saddle-headed. See C linocephalia. 
Clinodactylous, klin-o-dak'til-us (klino, to flex, 
daktulos, finger). Flexed-fingered ot toed. 
Clinodes, klin-o'des (cline, odes). Clinoid. 
Clinoid, klin'oid (cline, eidos, form). Resembling 
a bed. C. plate, rough plate behind sella turcica. C. 
pro'cesses, four processes at the upper surface of 
the sphenoid bone, which have been compared to the 
posts of a bed. On them the pituitary gland rests. 
They are divided into anterior and posterior; each 
of the anterior processes terminates in a point called 
Transverse spinal process. 
Clinoideus, klin-o-e'de-us. Clinoid. 
Clinology, klin-ol'o-je (kline, bed, logos, discourse). 
Treatise on quality of beds adapted to the sick. 
Clino-mastoideus, klin'o-mas-to-e'de-us. Cleido- 
mastoideus. 
Clinopale, klin-op'al-e (kline, bed, pale, wrestling). 
Excess of sexual intercourse. 
Clinopodia, klin-o-pod'e-ah. Thymus mastichina. 
Clinopodiontes, klin-o-pod-e-on'tez. Polygonum 
aviculare. 
Clinopodium arvense, klin-o-pod'e-um ar-ven'se 
(cline, pous, foot, so called from the shape of its 
flowers). C. vulgare. C. inca'num, Pycnanthemum 
incanum. C. ma'jus, C. vulgare. C. vulga're, Wild 
basil. European plant, ord. Labiatse, formerly con- 
sidered to be an antidote to the bites of venomous 
animals, to facilitate labor, relieve strangury, stop 
diarrhoea, etc. 
Clinosporese, klin-o-spor'e-e (kline, bed, spora, seed). 
Division of fungi embracing ergot, etc. 
Clinotechny, klin-o-tek'ne (cline, bed, techne, art). 
Art of preparing beds for patients. 
Clinotrochos, klin-ot'ro-kos. Acer campestre. 
Clipeatus, klip-e-at'us. Shield-shaped. 
Cliseometer (klis-e-om'et-ur) or Clisiom'eter (klisis, 
inclination, metron, measure). Instrument intended 
to measure the degree of inclination of the pelvis and 
to determine the relation between the axis of the 
pelvis and that of the body. 
Clis'ia. Couch. 
Clisma, kliz'mah. See Clysma. 
Clitbur (klit'bur), Clite (cle'te), Clithe (kle'the), or 
Clitheren, klith'er-en. Galium aparine; Arctium 
lappa. 
Clitoricarcinoma, klit-or-e-kar-sin-o'mah (clitoris, 
karkinoma, cancer). Cancer of the clitoris. 
Clitoridauxe, klit-or-id-awks'e (clitoris, auxe, aug- 
mentation). Enlargement of the clitoris. 
Clitoridean, klit - or - id' e - an. Relating to the 
clitoris. 
Clitoridectomy, klit-or-i-dek'to-me (clitoris, ektome, 
excision). Amputation of the clitoris. 
Clitoriderector, klit - or - id - e - rek' tor. Erector 
clitoridis. 
Clitorides inferiores lati et plani musculi, klit- 
or'id-es in-fe-re-o'res lat'i et plan'i mus'ku-le. Con- 
strictores cunni. 
Clitorid'ian. Clitoridean. 
Clitoris, klit'or-is (kletor, a servant who invites 
guests). Cletoris. Small round organ, situate at the 
upper part of the vulva, and separated by a small 
space from the anterior commissure of the labia. Its 
base is surrounded by a slight fold, similar to the 
prepuce, and it is, internally, of the same structure 
as the corpora cavernosa penis. The artery of the 
clitoris is a branch of the internal pudic. The vein 
Communicates with the internal pudic, and the nerve CLITORISM 
with the pudic. C. cri'ses, occasional attacks of sex- 
ual excitement in tabetic women. C., frae'num of, 
fraenum of clitoris. 
Clitorism, klit' or - izm. The abuse made of the 
clitoris to satisfy an unnatural sexual desire. Also, 
an unusually large clitoris. 
Clitoritis, klit-or-e'tis. Clitorititis. Inflammation 
of the clitoris. 
Clitorititis, klit-or-it-e'tis. Clitoritis. 
Clitorium, klit-o're-um. Vulva. 
Clits, klits. Galium aparine. 
Oliver, kle'vur (cleave, to adhere). Galium aparine. 
Clivus Blumenbachii, kle'vus blu-men-boch'e-e 
(clivus, slope). Inclining surface behind the dorsum 
ephippii of the sphenoid bone, which is continuous 
with the basilar process of the occipital bone. 
Clizia, kliz'e-ah. Helianthus annuus. 
Cloaca, klo-ak'ah (akin to kluzo, to wash). A com- 
mon sewer. Pouch at the extremity of the intestinal 
canal, in which the solid and liquid excretions are 
commingled in birds, fish, and reptiles. In the male, 
it gives exit to the excrements, sperm, and urine; in 
the female, to the eggs, fecal matters, and urine. 
Term used in surgery to denote a cavity containing 
pus, from which it cannot escape. C. congenita'lis, 
condition in which the opening of the rectum is 
located in the genito-urinary tract. C., u'ro-gen'ital, 
congenital condition in which the vagina and urethra 
have a common opening. C., ves''ico-rec/to-vagi/nal, 
condition in which the bladder, rectum, and vagina 
have a common opening. 
Cloacal (klo-a'kal) or Cloacinus, klo-ah-se'nus. 
Relating to the cloaca. 
Cloacismus, klo - ah - siz' mus. Anal discharge of 
urine. 
Cloacula, klo-a'ku-lah. Small cloaca. 
Cloanx, klo'anks. Orpiment. 
Clock. Leontodon taraxacum; also the Plantago 
lanceolata. C. face, astigmat'ic, employed in tests 
for astigmatism, consists of a card provided with 
lines, which extend from a centre and are marked 
with numbers, similar to a clock. 
Clod-weed. Filago Germanica. 
Cioffing. Species of hellebore. 
Clog. Cone of Pinus picea. 
Cloisonnement (F.), klwah-zon'mon. See Generation. 
Also, the division of a hollow organ-as in such a 
malformation of the bladder, vagina, and uterus into 
two portions by a septum. 
Clonic, klon'ik (klonos, tumultuous movement). 
Term applied to irregular convulsive motions, convul- 
sion with alternate relaxation; in contradistinction to 
tonic, which signifies a constant rigidity ; Clonus, Clo- 
nospasmus, Clonici partiales. C. spasm, see Spasm. 
Clonic! universales, klon'is-e u-ne-ver-sal'es. Gen- 
eral clonic spasms. 
Clonis, klo'nis. Sacrum. 
Clonism, klon'izm. Clonic spasm. 
Clonodes, klo-no'des (klonos, odes, tumultuous 
movement). Convulsive. Galen applies this term to 
the pulse, when convulsive, as it were, and unequal. 
He compares the sensation it communicates to the 
finger to that produced by a bundle of sticks or of 
rods in vibration. 
Clonos, klon'os. See Clonus. C. epilep'sia, epilepsy. 
C. hydropho'bia, hydrophobia. 
Clonospasmus, klo-no-spaz'mus (klonos, agitation, 
spasmos, spasm). See Clonic. 
Clonus, klo'nus (klonos, tumultuous movement). 
Tremulous and chronic agitation of various muscles. 
C., ankle or foot, morbid condition characterized by 
rhythmical contractions of the muscles of the calf 
of the leg, when sudden flexure of the foot on the 
sole occurs by pressure, while the leg is extended; 
observed in lateral sclerosis of the medulla spinalis; 
similar conditions affect the jaw, the toe, and the 
wrist. C. nictita'tio, nictation. C. palpita'tio, pal- 
pitation. C. pendicula'tio, pendiculation. C. pen- 
dicula'tio maxilla'rum, yawning. C. singul'tus, 
hiccough. C. sternuta'tio, sneezing. C. subsul'tus, 
twitching of tendons. 
244 
CLUSIA 
Clopemania, klope-man'e-ah {klope, theft, mania). 
Insanity, with an irresistible propensity to steal. 
Cloquet', an'gle of. Cloquet's method of obtaining 
the facial angle-the intersection of the facial angle 
with the base being, by his method, at the centre of 
the superior alveolar border. C., canal' of, hyaloid 
artery. C. fcet'idum, bacillus fcetidus. C., her'nia 
of, femoral hernia passing behind the femoral vessels; 
pectineal hernia. 
Closed cir'cuit. See Circuit. 
Close'stool. A chamber cabinet for use in evacu- 
ating the bowels or bladder. 
Closh. Founder; a disease attacking the feet of 
cattle. 
Gloss. Juncus acutiflorus. 
Clostridium butyricum, klos-trid'e-um bu-tir'ik- 
um. Bacillus butyricus. 
Clot (kloot, ball, hluit, clod). Coagulum. See Embolism 
and Thrombosis. C. of blood, see Blood. C., heart, see 
Polypus, Embolism, and Thrombosis. 
Clotbur, klot'bur. Xanthium. 
Clothing, klo'thing. Vestitus. 
Clottage, klot'aj. Coagulation. C. of the ureters, 
term applied to a surgical process intended to check 
profuse hematuria from a kidney due to traumatism 
or occurring in carcinoma. The clots are removed 
from the ureter by an aspirator, and pressure is ex- 
erted on the ureter, and thus a firm blood is allowed 
to form. 
Clotted, klot'ed. Collapsed and thickened. 
Clotty, klot'te. Composed of clots. 
Clot'weed. Xanthium strumarium. 
Cloud. Film appearing in an otherwise clear fluid. 
Cloudberries, klowd'ber-rees. Rubus chamtemorus. 
Cloud'berry tree. Rubus chamjemorus. 
Cloudiness, klowd'e-ness. Turbidity. 
Cloudy swelling, klowd'e swelling. A form of 
degeneration frequently found in the kidney, liver, 
and heart muscle, consisting of increase in the size 
of the cells and their minute granular appearance 
under the microscope. The cloudy swelling precedes 
breaking up, disintegration, and detachment of the 
cells, and occurs in infectious diseases and in some 
forms of irritant or corrosive poisoning. 
Clove (clavus, nail). See Eugenia caryophyllata. 
C. bark, see Myrtus caryophyllata. C. hitch, noose- 
knot formed of two loops, made by combining two 
half hitches. C. July' flow'er, Dianthus caryophyl- 
lus. C. pink, Dianthus caryophyllus. 
Clo'ver. Trifolium. C., win'ter, Mitch ella repens. 
Clo'ver's syr'inge. Syringe connected with a cath- 
eter, and employed in emptying the bladder. 
Cloves. Caryophyllus. See Eugenia caryophyllata. 
Clove-stalks. Flower-stalks of Eugenia caryophyl- 
lata, from which a volatile oil is obtained; ground 
cloves are sometimes adulterated with it. 
Clove-tongue, klove'-tung. Helleborus niger. 
Clovorubrin, klov-o-ru'brin. Resin of a red color 
obtained by treating oil of cloves with concentrated 
sulphuric acid. 
Clownism. Term given by Charcot to symptoms 
of emotions or contortions occurring in hystero-epi- 
lepsy. 
Club foot. Kyllosis. C. hand, see Kyllosis. C. 
pe'nis, see Kyllosis. 
Clubbed. Club-shaped, as clubbed fingers; often 
observed in phthisical individuals. 
Clubione (klub-e-o'ne) medicina'lis. Species found 
in America; has vesicant properties. 
Club'-moss. Lycopodium. C., com'mon, Lycopo- 
dium complanatum. C. fir, Lycopodium selago. C., 
up'right, Lycopodium selago. 
Clunes, klu'nees (pl. of Clunis, buttock). Nates. 
Clunesia, klu-na'ze-ah (dunes, nates). Inflamma- 
tion of the buttocks. 
Clu'nis. Sacrum; nates. 
Clupea thryssa, klu'pe-ah thris'sah. Yellow-billed 
sprat. Very poisonous fish of the West Indies. 
Clusia, klu'se-ah. Balsam tree; genus of plants, 
nat. ord. Guttiferse. C. insig'nls, species of Brazil; 
resin is obtained from the flowers and stamens, and CLUTIA 
used as an application to sores. C. ro'sea, juice 
possesses cathartic properties; resin is utilized in 
plasters. 
Clutia cascarilla (after T. A. Cluyt (L. Clutius), 
an apothecary of Leyden). Croton cascarilla. C. 
Collina, species growing in East India; bark and 
rind of nuts are poisonous. C. eluterla, Croton cas- 
carilla. 
Cluttering, klut'ur-ing. Impairment of speech is 
present; condition in which shortening of syllables 
and words and excessive rapidity of speech coexist. 
Cluytia, kli'te-ah. Clutia. 
Clydasmus, klid-az'mus. Condition in which 
splashing of fluids is present in the stomach and in 
other cavities of the body. 
Clydon, kle'don. Flatulence. 
Clypealis, klip-e-al'is. Thyroid (cartilage). 
Clypeastriform, klip-e-ast're-form. Clypeate. 
Clypeate (klip'e-ate) or Clipei'form. Shield-shaped. 
Clysantlium (klis-ant'le-um) ot Clysantlion (kluzo, 
to wash away, to give a clyster, antlion, a pump or 
syringe). Syringe; clyster. 
Clysis, kle'sis. Application of a clyster; washing 
out by means of a clyster. 
Clysma, klis'mah (klusma). Clysis, clyster. C. 
ton'icum, enema fcetidum. 
Clysmation, klis-mat'e-on (dim. of Clysma). Small 
clyster. 
Clysmic, kliz'mik (kluzo, to wash out). Suitable or 
employed for washing out. 
Clysmus, kliz'mus. Application of a clyster; wash- 
ing out by means of a clyster. 
Clyster, klis'tur (kluzo, to wash away). Glyster, 
Glister, Injection; a liquid thrown into the large in- 
testines by means of a syringe or bladder and pipe 
properly prepared, etc., the nozzle of the syringe or 
pipe being introduced into the anus. See Enema. C. 
of al'oes, enema aloes. C., an'odyne, enema anody- 
num. C. of asafoet'ida, enema asafoetidse. C., ca- 
thar'tic, enema catharticum. C. of col'ocynth, ene- 
ma colocynthidis. C., com'mon, enema commune. 
C., domes'tic, enema commune. C., fet'id, enema 
fcetidum. C. pipe, tube for injection of fluid into 
the bowels. C., purging, enema catharticum. C., 
starch and opium, enema anodynum. C., tobac'co, 
enema tabaci. C., tur'pentine, enema terebinthinse. 
C. uteri'nus, injection into the vagina. 
Clysterion, klis-ter'e-on. Clyster. 
C. m. See Abbreviation. 
C. n. See Abbreviation. 
Cnaphos, nah'fos. Dipsacus fullorum. 
Cnecelaeum. See Cnicelseum. 
Cnecion, ne'se-on. Genista tinctoria. 
Cnecos, ne'kos. Carthamus tinctorius. 
Cnema, ne'ma. Cnesma. 
Cneme, ne'me. Leg, tibia. 
Cnemelephantiasis, nem-el-e-fant-e'a-sis (kneme, 
leg, elephantiasis). Elephantiasis affecting the leg. 
Cnemerysipelas, nem-er-e-sip'el-as. Erysipelas 
affecting the leg. 
Cnemial, ne'me-al. Eelating to leg or tibia. 
Cnemis, na'mis. Splint used in fracture of the leg. 
Cnemitis, nem-e'tis (kneme, leg). Inflammation of 
the tibia. 
Cnemodactylaeus, ne-mo-dak-til-e'us (kneme, leg, 
daktulos, finger or toe). Extensor communis digito- 
rum pedis. 
Cnemolordosis, ne-mo-lor-do'sis (meme, lordosis, the 
state of being bent forward). Bending of the leg 
forward. 
Cnemoscoliosis, ne-mo-skol-e-o'sis (cneme, skoliosis, 
bending, especially sideways). Bending the leg side- 
ways ; the state of being bow-legged or bandy-legged, out- 
kneed, Valgus. 
Cneoron, ne-o'ron (cneorum). Daphne gnidium. C. 
ni'grum, Daphne gnidium. C. pulverulen'tum grows 
in the Canary Islands; occasionally substituted for 
cinchona. C. tricoc'cum, spurge olive; leaves and 
sap possess purgative properties. 
Cneorum tricoccum, ne-o'rum tre-kok'kum. Wid- 
ow-wail, Spurge olive; plant, ord. Terebinthaceae, a na- 
245 
COAGMENTATIO 
tive of Southern Europe, contains a very irritating 
acrid principle; the ancients employed its leaves as a 
powerful purgative; it is now sometimes used for de- 
terging ulcers. 
Cnesis, ne'sis. Painful itching. 
Cnesma, nez'mah. Itching. 
Cnesmodes, nez-mo'dees (knesma, itching, eidos, re- 
semblance). Causing or affected with itching. 
Cnesmona (nez'mon-ah) or Cnes'mone. The itch. 
Cnesmopompholyx, nez-mo-pom'fol-iks (knesma, 
itching, pompholux, blister). Intensely itching pom- 
pholyx. 
Cnesmos (nez'mos) or Cnesmus, nez'mus. Itching, 
prurigo. C. acari'asis, itching due to presence of lice. 
C. vulga'ris, see Epinyctides. 
Cnethmus, neth'mus. Cnesmos. 
Cnicelseum, nis-el-e'um (cnicus, elaion, oil). Oil of 
carthamus. 
Cnicus, ne'kus. Name for Carthamus tinctorius. 
C. benedic'tus, Centaurea benedicta. C. sylves'tris, 
Centaurea benedicta. 
Cnide, ne'de. Urtica. 
Cnidefemera, nid-ef-em'er-ah (knide, nettle, ephem- 
eras, ephemeral). Urticaria ephemera. 
Cnidelaeon, nid-el-e'on (knidelaion, cnidia, elaion, oil). 
Cnideleeum; oil made from the grana cnidia or meze- 
reon berries. 
Cnidia grana, nid'e-ah gran'ah. Cnidii cocci; ber- 
ries of the Daphne gnidium. 
Cnidian (nid'e-an) school (from Knidos, a city of 
Greece). A Grecian school- of medicine which ex- 
isted before Hippocrates. 
Cnidium silaus, nid'e-um sil'ah-us. Peucedanum 
silaus. C. tenuifo'lium, Sison ammi. 
Cnidoma, nid-o'mah (knide, nettle). Urticaria. 
Cnidomecphlogiois, nid-om-ek-flo-je-o'is. Small- 
pox in a modified form accompanied by a rash bear- 
ing a resemblance to urticaria. 
Cnidopsydracia, nid-o-sid-rah'se-ah (Jcnide, nettle, 
psudrakion, small vesicle). Vesicles bearing a resem- 
blance to lesions existing in urticaria. 
Cnidopyra, nid-op'ir-ah (knide, nettle, pur a, altar 
fire). Urticaria accompanied by fever. 
Cnidoscolus (nid-os'kol-us) (knide, nettle, skolos, 
thorn) quinquelo'bus. Jatropha urens; possesses 
purgative properties. C. stim'ulans, Tread softly, 
grows in Southern United States; leaves are provided 
with hairs which are very irritating to the touch; 
roots can be eaten. 
Cnidosecphlogiois, nid-os-ek-flo-je-o'is. Cnidomec- 
phlogiois. 
Cnidosis, nid-o'sis. Knidosis; a pungent itching 
compared to that produced by the nettle; urticaria, 
urtication. 
Cnipotes, nip'o-tes (Jcnipotes). Itching; dry oph- 
thalmia, Xerophthalmia. 
Cnisma, niz'mah. Cnesmos. 
Cnismoregmia, niz-mo-reg'me-ah (Jcnismos, vellica- 
tion, orego, to put forth). Pyrosis. 
Cnismos, niz'mos. Cnesmos. 
Cnissa, nis'sah. Having the smell of burnt or cor- 
rupt animal matter. 
Cnissoregmia, nis-so-reg'me-ah (knissa, the smell 
of burnt fat or flesh, orego, to put forth). Eructation 
having smell of corrupt animal matter, as of rotten 
eggs. 
Cnissorrhoncus, nis-sor-rhon'kus (knissao, to 
crackle like burning fat, rhonchos, snoring noise). 
Crepitant rale. 
Cniza, ne'zah. Urtica. 
Cnopodium, no-pod'e-um. Polygonum aviculare. 
Cnyma, ne'mah. Slight itching. Also, a puncture 
or vellication. 
Co, ko, as a prefix, like cum, with. 
Coa'con. Black plaster, mentioned by Celsus, and 
composed of litharge and resin-the litharge being 
first boiled in oil. 
Coactio, ko-ak'she-o. See Anance. 
Coactus, ko-ak'tus (cogo, co, and ago, to bring to- 
gether). Coagulated or curdled. 
Coagmentatio, ko-ag-men-tah'she-o (coagmento, to COAGULA 
join together). Immovable articulation, as of the 
teeth; gomphosis. 
Coagula (ko-ag'u-lah) (pl. of Coagulum) cor'dis 
fibrino'sa. See Polypus. C. vena'rum fibrino'sa, 
fibrinous concretions in the veins. 
Coagulability, ko-ag-u-lab-il'it-e. Capability of 
being coagulated. 
Coagulable, ko-ag'u-la-ble. Capable of coagulation. 
C. lymph, fibrin, liquor sanguinis. 
Coagulants (ko-ag'u-lants) or Coagulan'tia (coagulo 
-itself from co and ago-to bring together, or cogo, to 
drive or bring together). Remedies or poisons formerly 
supposed to possess the power of coagulating the 
blood or to give consistency to animal fluids. Now 
the term is applied only to agents having that effect 
upon other bodies, as rennet or milk. 
Coagulate, ko-ag'u-late. To bring together into a 
clot. 
Coagulated, ko-ag'u-la-ted. Curdled; clotted. 
Coagulatio, ko-ag-u-lah'she-o. Coagulation. C. 
cal'ida, coagulation by heat. C. frig'ida, coagula- 
tion by cold. 
Coagulation, ko-ag-u-la'shun. Thrombosis. Con- 
version of a liquid into a more or less soft and trem- 
ulous mass. Many animal and vegetable fluids are 
capable of coagulation. See Blood. C. necro'sis, 
necrotic coagulation of tissue. C., ther'mic, coagu- 
lation by heat. 
Coag'ulative. Having a tendency to coagulate. C. 
necro'sis, see Necrosis. 
Coagulatus, ko-ag-u-lat'us. Reduced to a curdled 
condition. See Curds. 
Coagulum, ko-ag'u-lum (same etymon as Coagu- 
lants). Soft mass formed in a coagulable liquid. The 
Clot of the blood is particularly so called-the Cruor, 
Insula, Placenta, or Hepar sanguinis, Crassamentum, San- 
guis concretus-the red mass, composed of fibrin, serum, 
and coloring matter, which separates when the blood is 
left to itself. See Blood. The word is also applied, 
in pathology, to sanguineous concretions which form 
in different natural and accidental cavities, and which, 
when they occur at the mouth of a divided artery, 
sometimes suspend the flow of blood. This is, indeed, 
one of the means by which hemorrhage is arrested. 
See Thrombosis and Embolism. C. alu'minis, Alum 
curd or cataplasm, is made by beating the white of 
egg with a little alum until a coagulum is formed. 
Applied in cases of ophthalmia where an astringent 
is necessary. 
Coak'um. Phytolacca decandra. 
Coal lung. See Anthracosis. C. mi'ner's phthi'sis, 
anthracosis. C. oil, petroleum. C. tar, this dark, thick, 
semiliquid substance, which is obtained as a product of 
the dry distillation of bituminous coal, not only sup- 
plies many valuable materials in the arts, but several 
which have a therapeutical importance, such as amyl, 
benzole, carbolic acid, creasote, etc. It is itself dis- 
infectant, and mixed with plaster of Paris forms a 
powder, which may be applied on lint or mixed 
with poultices, or thickly sprinkled on fetid, gan- 
grenous, and other ulcers, or applied to offensive 
suppurating surfaces, etc. Coal-tar creasote is car- 
bolic acid. 
Coalescence, ko-al-es'ens (coalesce, to grow together). 
Adhesion or union of parts previously separated, as in 
case of wounds and preternatural adhesions or mal- 
formations. See Monster. 
Coalescent, ko-al-es'ent. In a condition of coales- 
cence. 
Coal'fish. See Oleum jecoris aselli. 
Coalitio, ko-al-ish'e-o. Coalition; symphysis. C. 
par'tium, coalescence. 
Coalition, ko-al-ish'un (same etymon as Coales- 
cence). Union of particles in one mass. Concretion. 
Action of several parts of the frame which have the 
same nutrition. 
Coalitus, ko-al'it-us. Symphysis. 
Coalternae febres, ko-al-ter'ne feb'res (co, alterno, to 
alternate). Name given to two intermittents attack- 
ing a person at the same time, but whose paroxysms 
are distinct, so that the attack of one supervenes 
246 
COCASH 
when the other has ceased. The term double inter- 
mittent expresses the same meaning. 
Coaptation, ko-ap-ta'shun (co, and apto, to adjust, 
adapt). The act of adapting the two extremities of a 
fractured bone to each other, or of restoring a luxated 
bone to its place. Coaptation must be effected gently. 
Usually extension and counter-extension are, in the 
first place, necessary. 
Coarctatio, ko-ark-tah'she-o. Contraction; stric- 
ture. C. ventric'uli, stricture of the stomach. 
Coarctation, ko - ark - ta' shun (co, and arcto, to 
straighten). Stricture; contraction. 
Coarctotomy, co-ark-tot'o-me (coarctatus, con- 
stricted, tome, incision). Urethrotomy ; division of a 
stricture in the urethra. 
Coarticulated, ko-ar-tik'u-la-ted. Articulated to- 
gether. 
Coarticulation, ko-ar-tik-u-la'shun (co, articulus, 
joint). Diarthrosis; synarthrosis. 
Coat. Covering; fur, as of the tongue. See Enduit. 
C., buf'fy, corium phlogisticum. 
Coat'ed. Covered; having a fur, as of the tongue. 
See Enduit. 
Coat'ing of pills. Wrapping pills in sugar, glycerin, 
etc., to mask their taste. See Deaurentur pilulee. 
Coati or Coatli. Wood of Hsematoxylon Campe- 
chianum. 
Cobalt, ko'balt. Metal of a reddish-gray color; as 
an oxide much used as a pigment. C., protox'ide of, 
smalt. 
Cobal'to-ni'trate of potas'sium. Salt of potas- 
sium, occurring in yellow crystals; said to be of value 
in cardiac dropsy. 
Co'bra bean. Physostigma Amazonica, a climbing 
plant of Brazilian Guiana. C. poi'son, poison of the 
cobra. 
Cobra di capello, ko'brah de kap-el'lo. Cobra, C. 
capello (P.), serpent of the hood; Hooded snake, Spec- 
tacled snake. A very venomous reptile of India, of the 
family Viperidae-the Naja tripudians. See Adali. 
Cob'web. Araneae tela. 
Coca, ko'kah. See Erythroxylon coca. 
Cocaina, ko-kah-e'nah. Cocaine. Alkaloid obtained 
from leaves of Erythroxylon coca, small shrub, native 
of Peru, nat. ord. Erythroxylaceae. Coca leaves are 
chewed in Peru by the Indians, and the plant is used 
very extensively in South America, serving in lieu of 
tea and coffee. Cocaine is employed extensively as a 
local anaesthetic. A wine is made of the leaves, and is 
considered to be of value as a tonic, and is recom- 
mended in affections of the voice in singers. C. bo'- 
rate, used for eye-washes and for hypodermic injec- 
tions, being very soluble. 
Cocai'nse hydrochlor'as (Ph. Br.). CnNaiNOu.HCl. 
White crystalline powder, easily soluble in water; is 
employed as a local anaesthetic to mucous membranes 
in 5-10 per cent, solutions, and as a mydriatic; inter- 
nally it is given in doses of from gr. J-gr. j ; it is a 
diuretic nerve stimulant. Cocainism or the cocaine 
habit is the result of the abuse of cocaine. C. ni'trate, 
used for injections in genito-urinary passages, com- 
bined with nitrate of silver. C. phen'ylate, used 
locally to produce anaesthesia in dentistry, and painted 
in localized pain in catarrh of mucous membrane, etc. 
Cocaine, ko-ka'een. See Cocaina and Erythroxylon 
coca. C. canthar'idate, white saline powder, em- 
ployed in tuberculosis. C. hab'it, see Cocaines hydro- 
chloras. C. hydrochlo'rate, cocaime hydrochloras. 
C. o'leate, see Oleate. C. phe'nate, analgesic, anaes- 
thetic, etc. 
Cocainism, ko' ka - in - izm. Untoward effects of 
cocaine from internal or external use of cocaina, as 
blindness, loss of speech, nausea and vomiting, epilep- 
tiform convulsions, etc. 
Cocainization, ko-kah-in-iz-a'shun. The process 
of bringing the organism or a part under the influence 
of cocaine. 
Cocainomania, ko-kah-in-o-man'e-ah (cocaine, mania, 
madness). Mental condition resulting from abuse of 
cocaine. 
Cocash, ko'kash. Erigeron Philadelphicum. COCATAN NIC ACID 
Cocatannic (ko-kah-tan'nic) acid. Variety of tan- 
nic acid from leaves of Erythroxylon coca. 
Coccaceae, kok-kah'se-e. Single or variously rami- 
fied cocci. See Bacteria. 
Coccarium, kok-kah're-um (fcofcfcos, pill). Very 
small pill. 
Cocchia, kok'se-ah. Purgative pills. 
Cocci, kok'se (pl. of Coccus). Single, unaggregated 
spheroidal cells of schizomycetes; also, insects of the 
order Hemiptera. See Bacteria, Micrococci, and Coccus. 
C. gra'num, kermes. C. orienta'les, see Menispermum 
cocculus. 
Coccidium, kok-sid'e-um. Genus of the Sporozoa. 
C. ovifor'me, parasite found in liver of rabbits and 
also in human liver. 
Coccinella, kok-sin-el'lah (dim. of Coccus, berry, 
which it resembles). Coccus cacti. C. septem- 
puncta'ta, Lady-bird, Lady-cow, Lady-bug, Cow-lady, 
Cushy-cow-lady. Insect, bruised upon an aching tooth, 
has been regarded as antidontalgic. 
Coccion, kok'ke-on. Weight mentioned by Myrep- 
sus; the same as the siliqua. 
Coccionella, kok-se-on-el'lah. Coccus cacti. 
Coccix, kok'siks. Coccyx. 
Coccobacteria, kok-ko-bak-te're-ah (kokkos, berry, 
bacterion, bacterium). Term embracing bacteria, 
bacilli, etc. C. sep'tica, Billroth includes under this 
term all cocci, bacilli, or bacteria which have the 
power of causing peptic fermentation. 
Coccobalsamum, kok-ko-bal'sam-um. See Amyris 
opobalsamum. 
Coccogenis, kok - oj ' en - is (kokkos, scarlet, gena, 
cheek). Having scarlet cheeks. 
Coccogenous, kok-oj'en-us (kokkos, gennao, to en- 
gender). Producing cocci; due to the presence of pus 
cocci; term employed by Unna in sycosis non- 
parasitica. 
Coccoglia, kok-kog'le-ah (kokkos, berry, glia, glue). 
Collection of micrococci joined together by a sub- 
stance resembling glue. 
Coccognidia, kok-ko-nid'e-ah. Cnidia grana. 
Coccol'oba austra'lis. Polygonum tamnifolium. C. 
grandiflo'ra, C. pubescens. C. niv'ea grows in the 
West Indies; used as a refrigerant and in hemor- 
rhage; fruit can be eaten. C. pubes'cens grows in 
West Indies; fruit can be eaten. C. sagittaefo'lia, 
root has astringent properties. C. uvif'era, see Kino. 
Coccomelas'ma. Cutaneous granular melanosis. 
Coccones, kok-ko'nes. See Punica granatum. 
Coccos, kok'kos. Schizomyces with single round 
cell. 
Coccosteophyte, kok-os'te-o-fite (kokkos, berry, 
osteon, bone, phuton, outgrowth). Granular or warty 
bony outgrowth. 
Coccothrix, kok'ko-thricks (kokkos, berry, thrix, 
hair). Bod-form, consisting of cocci in a row united 
by cement substance, which differs in composition. 
Cocculi officinarum, kok'ku-le of-fis-in-ah'rum. See 
Menispermum cocculus. 
Cocculin, kok'u-lin. Picrotoxin. 
Coc'culus crisp'us (dim. of Coccus). Menispermum 
tuberculatum. C. In'di aromat'icus, see Myrtus 
pimenta. C. In'dicus, see Menispermum cocculus. C. 
palma'tus, columba. C. subero'sus, Menispermum 
cocculus. 
Coccum, kok'kum (kokkos, berry). See Cnidia grana; 
kermes. C. baph'icum, kermes. C. infecto'rium, 
kermes. C. scarlati'num, kermes. C. tincto'rum, 
kermes. 
Coccus, kok'kus (kokkos, berry, pill). Coccus cacti; 
pilula. C. America'nus, Coccus cacti. C. cac'ti, 
systematic name of the Cochineal insect, Coccus (Ph. 
U. S. and Br.), the Cochineal animal, class Insecta, ord. 
Hemiptera. The cochineal insects are blackish-red 
externally, purple-red within. They are used chiefly 
for giving a red color to tinctures, etc. They were at 
one time esteemed astringent, stimulant, diuretic, and 
anodyne. Coccus (Ph. U. S. and Br.) refers only to the 
female insect. C. i'licis, kermes. C. In'dicus, see 
Menispermum cocculus. C. In'dicus tincto'rius, Coccus 
cacti. C. polon'icus, Coccus cacti. 
247 
COCHINILIN 
Coccyalgia, kok-se-al'je-ah (coccyx, algos, pain). 
Coccyodynia. 
Coccycephalus (kok-se-sef'al-us) or Coccy'goceph- 
alus (coccyx, kephale, the head). Monster whose head 
has the shape of the os coccygis. 
Coccygalgia, kok-sij-al'je-ah. Coccyodynia. 
Coccygeal, kok - sij - e' al. Coccygeus. C. ar'tery, 
branch of the sciatic artery. C. gland or body, Gland 
of Luschka, Nervous gland of the pelvis. Ductless gland 
about the size of a pea in front of the top of the coc- 
cyx ; its functions are unknown. As it mainly con- 
sists of a rich plexus of capillary vessels, the name 
Plexus vasculosus coccygeus has been given to it. The 
iutervascular tissue of this gland is very liberally sup- 
plied with nerves. C. joint, articulation between the 
sacrum and coccyx. C. lig'aments, see Sacro-coccygeal 
ligaments. C. mus'cle, coccygeus. C. nerve, see Sacral 
nerve. C. ver'tebrse, see Coccyx. 
Coccygectomy, kok-se-jek'to-me (coccyx, ektome, ex- 
cision). Excision of the coccyx or of a portion of it. 
Coccygeo-mesenteric, kok-sij-e'o-mez-en-ter'ik. 
Eelating to the caudal and mesenteric regions. 
Coccygerector, kok-sij-er-ek'tor. Extensor coc- 
cygis. 
Coccygeus, kok-sij-e'us. Coccygeal; inserted into 
the coccyx; belonging both to the ischium and coc- 
cyx. The muscle Ischio-coccygeus, Levator coccygis, Tri- 
angularis coccygis, arises from the spinous process of 
the ischium, and is inserted into the extremity of the 
sacrum and into nearly the whole length of the os 
coccygis laterally. It retains the coccyx in place, 
and prevents it from being forced backward during 
the evacuation of the feces. 
Coccygexarthrosis, kok-sij-eks-ar-thro'sis (coccyx, 
exarthrosis, dislocation). Dislocation of the coccyx. 
Coccygio-analis, kok-sij'e-o-an-a'lis. Eelating to 
coccyx and anus; also, sphincter ani. 
Coccygio-pubic, kok-sij'e-o-pu'bik. Eeaching from 
coccyx to symphysis pubis. 
Coccygocephalus, kok-sij-o-sef'al-us. Coccyceph- 
alus. 
Coccygodyn'ia. Coccyodinia. 
Coccygotomy, kok-se-got'o-me. See Coccygectomy. 
Coccymelia, kok-se-mel'e-ah. Prunus domestica. 
Coccymelon, kok-se-ma'lon. Prune. 
Coccyodinia, kok-se-o-din'e-ah (better Coccygo- 
dyn'ia) (coccyx, odune, pain). Pain in the os coccygis. 
Coccy-peroneal (kok'se-per-o-ne'al) muscle. Mus- 
cular band extending from the coccyx to the biceps 
femoralis. 
Coccyx, kok'siks (kokkux, cuckoo, whose bill it is 
said to resemble). Rump- or Crupper-bone. An assem- 
blage of small bones attached to the lower part of the 
sacrum, the curvature of which it prolongs and of 
which it seems to be an appendage. Generally it 
consists of four bones. Behind the base of the coc- 
cyx are two small tubular eminences, called Cornua 
of the coccyx. 
Cochea, kok'e-ah. See Cochia. 
Cocheia, kok-i'ah. Cochia. 
Cochenillin, ko-chen-il'in. Cochinilin. 
Cocheria, kok-e're-ah. Cochia. 
Cochia, kok'e-ah (kokkos, berry, pill, or kochuo, to 
flow profusely). Cocchia, Cocheria. Ancient name for 
several officinal purgative pills. See Pilulse aloes et 
colocynthidis. 
Co'chin Chi'na diarrhoe'a. Diarrhoea occurring in 
endemic form in Cochin China; a parasite, the Ehab- 
donema intestinale, is found in the stools. C. C. ul'- 
cer, endemic non-contagious disease, whose chief 
symptom is an ulceration following even upon a 
trivial lesion of the skin, in the lower extremities es- 
pecially, and which attacked the foreign soldiers in 
China. See Beriberi. 
Cochin (ko'shin) leg. See Elephantiasis. 
Cochineal, kosh-in-eel' (from Coccinella). Coccus 
cacti. 
Cochinelifera cochinilia, ko-chin-el-if'er-ah ko- 
chen-il'yah. Coccus cacti. 
Cochinilin, ko-chin-il'in. Carminic acid; the col- 
oring matter of cochineal. COCH INILLA 
Cochinilia, ko-chen-il'yah. Coccus cacti. 
Cochinillin, ko-chin-il'lin. Cochinilin. 
Cochlea, kok'le-ah (snail's shell) (kochlias or kochlos, 
snail with a spiral shell; winding staircase). Anato- 
mists have given this name to the most anterior of 
the three cavities which constitute the labyrinth of 
the ear, and that of the Scalae of the cochlea to two 
spiral cavities in the interior of the cochlea. One of 
these scalae terminates at the fenestra rotunda, and is 
called Scala tympani; the other opens at the anterior 
and inferior part of the vestibule, and is called 
Scala vestibuli. See Corti. C., sca'lse of the, see 
Cochlea. 
Cochleaform, kok'le-ah-form (.cochlea, forma, shape). 
Resembling a cochlea in shape. See Cochleated. 
Cochlear, kok'le-ar. Relating or appertaining to 
the cochlea; see Cochleare. C. ap'erture, fenestra ro- 
tunda. C. ar'tery, branch of internal auditory ar- 
tery. C. canal', osseous canal of the cochlea. C. 
duct, ductus cochlearis. C. fos'sa, recess in vesti- 
bule. C. nerve, see Auditory nerve. 
Cochleare, kok-le-ah're. Cochlear (cochlea ; its bowl 
resembling a shell). A spoonful; abbreviated in pre- 
scriptions usually to coch; see Abbreviation. Also a 
scoop. C. auricula're, ear-pick. C. mag'num, ta- 
blespoonful. C. me'dium, dessert or papspoonful. C. 
min'imum, teaspoonful. 
Cochlearia, kok-le-ah're-ah (cochleare, spoon, so 
called from the resemblance of its leaves). C. offici- 
nalis. C. an'glica, English scurvy-grass; properties 
like those of C. officinalis. C. armora'cia, Horse- 
radish, fam. Cruciferae; root of horse-radish is fre- 
quently used at table, and has long been in the 
Materia Medica; stimulant and diuretic ; externally 
it is rubefacient. C. Britan'nica, C. anglica. C. cor- 
on'opus, Wild scurvy grass, Swine's cress; European 
plant, considered to be diuretic and antiscorbutic. 
C. horten'sis, Cochlearia officinalis. C. officina'lis, 
Lemon scurvy grass, Common scurvy grass, has been 
considered a powerful antiscorbutic; sometimes eaten 
in salad. C. oil, volatile oil obtained from Cochlearia 
officinalis. C. Pyrena'ica, C. officinalis. C. vulga'ris, 
C. officinalis. 
Cochleariform, kok-le-ar'i-form (cochleare, spoon, 
forma, shape). Spoon-shaped. C. pro'cess, small, 
very thin plate separating the bony portion of the 
Eustachian tube from the canal for the passage of the 
tensor tympani. 
Cochlearin, kok-le-ar'in. Crystalline substance 
from Cochlearia officinalis. 
Cochlearis, kok-le-ah'ris. Gelatinous-looking tis- 
sue, seen on opening the cochlea, by which the mem- 
branous zone is connected, at its outer or convex 
margin, with the outer wall. It was supposed to be 
muscular and to have a preservative office, being 
placed to defend the cochlear nerves from undue vi- 
brations of sound, in a way analogous to that in which 
the iris protects the retina from excessive light. 
Cochlearium, kok-le-ah're-um. Cochleare. 
Cochlearthrosis, kok-le-ar-thro'sis. Hinged articu- 
lation with slight capacity for angular movement. 
Cochleary, kok'le-a-re. Relating or appertaining 
to the cochlea. 
Cochleated (kok'le-a-ted) or Coch'leate (cochlea'). 
Winding like the spiral shell of the snail; having 
the shape of the cochlea. 
Cochleatim, kok-le-at'im. By spoonfuls. 
Cochleiformis, kok-la-e-form'is. Cochleariform. 
Cochleous, kok'le-us. Cochleae and cochleate. 
Cochlia, kok'le-ah. Cochlea. 
Cochlias, kok'le-as. Cochlea. 
Cochlitis, kok-le'tis. Inflammation of the cochlea. 
Cochlolithotrypeta, kok-lo-lith-o-trip-e'tah (koch- 
lias, a spiral, lithos, stone, trupetes, perforator). Drill 
for crushing calculi. 
Cochlos, kok'los. Cochlea. 
Cochlospermum gossypium, kok-lo-spur'mum gos- 
sip'e-um. Tree native of India; kuteerah gum is ob- 
tained from it. C. insig'ne resembles Cochlosper- 
mum gossypium; grows in Brazil, where the fruit is 
eaten by the Indians. C. tincto'rum grows in Sene- 
248 
COD 
gambia, where it is used for dyeing; employed ex- 
ternally in amenorrhoea. 
Cochone, kok-o'ne. Junction of the ischium, near 
the seat or breech; the breech proper, from the hip- 
bones to the anus; the perineum; the coccyx. 
Cocilio. Weight of eleven ounces. 
Cocilla'na bark. Bark of Syocarpus Eusbyi; pos- 
sesses action similar to that of ipecac; irritant narcotic 
in large doses. 
Cocinic acid, ko-sin'ik as'id. Fatty acid derived 
from cocoanut oil. 
Cocinin, ko'sin-in. Fatty substance which is the 
principal constituent of cocoanut oil. 
Cock (onomatopoeia). Phasianus gallus. 
Cockeye, kok'i. See Luscitas. 
Cockgrass, kok'gras. Folium temulentum. 
Cockle (kok'i), corn. Lychnis githago. 
Cocklebur, kok'l-bur. Agrimony; xanthium. 
Cockles (kok'l's) of the heart (cockle, stove). 
Cavities of the heart-"to warm the cockles of the 
heart," "to fire the heart." C., In'dian, see Meni- 
spermum cocculus. 
Cockmint, kok'mint. Tanacetum balsamita. 
Cockroach, kok'roach. Blatta orieutalis; reputed 
to possess diuretic properties. 
Cockspur, kok'spur. Ergot. C. rye, ergot. 
Cockup (kok'up) hat. Stillingia. 
Cockybaby, kok'e-ba-be. Arum maculatum. 
Codes, kok'les (blind of one eye). Borgne. 
Coco, ko'ko. Cocos nucifera. C. of the Maldives', 
fruit of a palm called Lodoicea ; formerly termed, in 
the shops, Nux medica. 
Cocoa, ko'ko. Cocos nucifera, cacao. C. but'ter, 
see Butter of cocoa. C. cacavif'era, cacao. C. nibs, 
crushed seeds of Theobroma cacao. C. palm, 
Cocos nucifera. C. root, root of Colocasia anti- 
quorum, used as food in the tropics. 
Cocoanut. Fruit of Cocos nucifera. 
Cocobay. Mai de San Lazaro. 
Cocoolein, ko-ko-o'le-in. See Cocos nucifera. 
Cocos, ko'kos. See Arum esculentum. C. butyra'- 
cea, name of the plant which affords the palm oil, 
oleum palmse, obtained chiefly from the fruit; is of 
the consistence of an ointment, with little taste and a 
strong, though not disagreeable, smell. It is applied 
to sprains, etc., but has no advantage over other oils. 
It has been used as the excipient for suppositories. It 
is procured likewise from the Elais Guineensis and 
Elais occidentalis, two species of palms. C. nucif'era, 
Palma cocos, ord. Palmse. Systematic name of the 
plant whose fruit is the cocoanut. It has an agreeable 
kernel, but not easy of digestion. Emulsions, orgeat, 
etc. are made from it; the juice of the cocoa, toddy, 
when fermented, forms wine, and arrack is distilled 
from it. The expressed oil, cocoanut oil-cocoolein-has 
been found efficacious in tuberculosis. The milk of 
the fresh cocoanut is used in India as a blood-purifier, 
also in phthisis and debility, and in large doses as a 
purgative. 
Cocostearic acid, ko-ko-ste-ar'ik as'id. Cocinic acid. 
Cocostearin, ko-ko-ste'ar-in. Cocinin. 
Cocostearyl, ko-ko-ste'ar-il. Cocinin. 
Cocowort, ko'ko-wurt. Thlaspi bursa. 
Coctio, kok'she-o. Coction, digestion. C. cibo'rum, 
digestion. C. mor'bi, coction. 
Coction, kok'shun (coquo, to boil). Concoction. Word 
employed in various senses; with the ancients it 
meant the alteration which food experiences in the 
digestive organs, particularly in the stomach; a prepa- 
ration from its crude state; it expressed the matura- 
tion or change which the humoral pathologists be- 
lieved morbific matter experienced before elimination. 
It was considered that coction was produced during 
the violence of the disease, and hence this was called 
the period of coction. See Humorism. 
Coctus, kok'tus. Boiled, cooked. 
Cocyta, ko'se-tah (kokkuzo, to cry out, lamentation). 
Pain caused by introduction of poison under the skin. 
Cod (kod) or Cods (Sax. cobbe, a bag). Scrotum. 
Cod. The codfish, Gadus morrhua. C. oil, cod- 
liver oil. CODAGAM 
Coda'gam. Hydrocotyle Asiatica. 
Codaga'pala bark. Nerium antidysentericum. 
Codamine (ko'dam-een) or Coda'mia (C20H25NO4). 
See Porphyroxine. 
Cod'dington lens. A spherical lens with an opaque 
equator. 
Code. Codex. C. of eth'ics, laws regulating the 
rules of intercourse among medical men, their duties 
to the public, to the profession, and to their own 
patients. 
Codeate, ko'de-ate. Salt of codeic acid. 
Codeia, ko-di'ah. Codeine. 
Codeic, ko-de'ik. Relating to codeine. C. ac'id, 
acid derived from codeine. 
Codeine, ko'de-een (fcodia, poppy head). Codeia, Co- 
deinum, Codeina (Ph. U. S. and Br.). Alkaloid discovered 
by Robiquet in opium, in 1832; soluble in water, alco- 
hol, and ether, and unites readily with acids. As a 
hypnotic, one grain of codeia is equal to half a grain 
of morphia. It has been prescribed also in diabetes 
mellitus. The muriate of codeia appears to be stronger 
than the pure codeia. Apocodeia has been obtained 
from codeia; has therapeutic qualities very similar to 
those of codeine; see Apocodeia. C. phos'phate, white 
bitter substance, soluble in water; used in mental dis- 
eases. 
Codeinum, kod-e-e'num. Codeine. 
Codesella, kod-a-sel'lah. Anthrax. 
Codethylene, ko-deth'il-een. Compound of mor- 
phine and ethyl. 
Codex, ko'deks (a book). Collection of laws; by 
extension, a collection of approved medical formulae, 
with the processes necessary for forming the com- 
pounds referred to in it. The Parisian Pharmacopoeia 
has been styled Codex medicamentarius. C. medica- 
menta'rius, pharmacopoeia; see Codex. 
Codia, ko-de'ah {kodia or kodeia). Papaver (capsule). 
Codiacus, ko-de'ak-us. Codeic. 
Codiaeum, ko-de-e'um. Chrysosticton; shrub, na- 
tive of parts of Asia and the Molucca Islands; em- 
ployed in indigestion and as a sudorific. 
Codling, kod'ling (dim. of Cod). Testicle. 
Cod-liver (kod'-liv-ur) oil. Oleum jecoris aselli; 
oleum morrhuae (Ph. U. S.). C.-l. o'lein, see Oleum 
morrhuee. 
Codocele, ko-do-se'le (Eng. ko'do-seel) {kodia, poppy 
head, kele, tumor). Bubo. 
Codorarth. Atropa belladonna. 
Codoscella, kod-os-sel'lah. Bubo. 
Cod'weed. Centaurea nigra. 
Coecal, se'kal. Caecal. 
Coecitas, se'se-tas. Blindness. 
Coecum, se'kum. Caecum. 
Ccelechus, se-lek'us {koilos, hollow, echos, sound). 
Cavernous sound. 
Coelelmintha, seel-el-min'thah (koile, hollow place, 
helmins, worm). Class of hollow worms, such as the 
ascarides, trichinae, etc., found in the human intes- 
tines, muscles, etc. 
Coelema, sel-em'ah. Cceloma. 
Ccelia, se'le-ah {koile, hollow place). A cavity in the 
body, the abdomen in particular; also the alimentary 
canal, etc.; alvine evacuation; excrement. 
Coeliac, se'le-ak {ccelia). Relating to the cavity of 
the abdomen. C. ar'tery, Coeliac axis, is situate above 
the pancreas and behind the upper part of the stom- 
ach ; arises from the anterior part of the abdominal 
aorta, where it passes between the pillars of the dia- 
phragm, and soon divides into the coronaria ventriculi, 
hepatic and splenic arteries, the division being called 
Tripus cceliacus or T. Halleri. C. ax'is, C. artery. C. 
flux, Coeliac passion; species of diarrhoea in which 
the food is discharged by the bowels in an undi- 
gested condition. By some defined to be diarrhoea 
attended with discharges of chyle or chyme. It 
is, in general, symptomatic of tubercular disease 
of the mesenteric glands. See Lientery. C. gan'- 
glion, semilunar ganglion. C. glands, lymphatic 
glands around the coeliac axis. C. pas'sion, coeliac 
flux. C. plex'us, Solar plexus, is formed of nu- 
merous nervous filaments which proceed from the 
249 
CCE LIOPARACENTESIS 
semilunar ganglia of the great sympathetic. It is 
strengthened by several branches of the right and 
left pneumogastric nerves; is seated around the trunk 
of the cceliac artery, behind the stomach, and fur- 
nishes the secondary plexuses-the diaphragmatic, 
coronary of the stomach, splenic, and hepatic, which 
accompany the arteries of the same name. 
Cceliaca, se-le'ak-ah (coelia'). Diseases of the diges- 
tive organs; also medicines that act on the digestive 
organs. C. chylo'sa, cceliac flux. C. lac'tea, cceliac 
flux. C. myco'sa, cceliac flux. C. purulen'ta, dis- 
charge of pus through the anus. C. rena'lis, chyluria. 
C. urina'lis, chyluria. 
Coeliaco-mesenteric, sel-e'ak-o-mes-en-ter'ik. Per- 
taining to cceliac and mesenteric regions. 
Coeliadelphus, se-le-ad-el'fus (cceZio, adelphos, 
brother). Anocoeliadelphus. Double monster, in which 
the two bodies are united at the abdomen. 
Cceliaemia, se-le-e'me-ah (coelio, haima, blood). Hy- 
persemia or congestion of the blood-vessels of the ab- 
domen. 
Cceliagra, se-le'ah-grah (coelio, agra, seizure). Gout 
of the abdomen. 
Ccelialgia, se-le-al'je-ah (coelio, algos, pain). Tor- 
mina. 
Coelialgio-prosopon, se-le-al'je-o-pros-o'pon (ccelio, 
belly, algos, pain, prosopon, face). Condition in which 
the face wears an expression symptomatic of abdomi- 
nal disease. 
Ccelianeurysma, se-le-an-u-riz'mah. Aneurism of 
the abdomen. 
Ccelicus, se'lik-us. Cceliac. 
Coeliitis, se-le-e'tis. Abdominal inflammation. 
Coelio, se'le-o (koilia, abdomen). In composition, 
abdomen. 
Cceliocele, se-le-o-se'le (Eng. se'le-o-seel) (coelio, kele, 
rupture). See Hernia, hypogastric. 
Coeliochalasis, se-le-o-kal'as-is (koilia, belly, chalasis, 
relaxation). Relaxed condition of the abdomen. 
Cceliochysis, se-le-ok'is-is (coelio, cheo, to pour). As- 
cites. 
Coeliocyesis, se-le-o-se-a'sis (coelio, kuo, to conceive). 
Pregnancy, abdominal. 
Coeliocystectomy (se-le-o-sis-tek'to-me), puer'peral 
(coelio, kustis, cyst, ektome, excision). Excision of an 
ectopic gestation cyst. 
Coeliocystotomy (se-le-o-sis-tot'om-e), puer'peral 
(coelio, kustis, cyst, tome, incision). Incision into an 
ectopic gestation cyst for evacuation of its contents. 
Coeliodel'phus. See Coeliadelphus. 
Coeliodynia, se-le-o-din'e-ah (coelio, odune, pain). 
Colic. 
Ccelio-elytrotomy, se'le-o-el-it-rot'o-me (coelio, elu- 
tron, vagina, tome, incision). A more correct and 
scientific term for gastro-elytrotomy and laparo-ely- 
trotomy. 
Coeliohsemia, se-le-o-he'me-ah. See Celisemia. 
Coeliohysterec'tomy (coelio, hustera, uterus, ektome, 
excision). Excision of the uterus by incision through 
the abdomen. 
Cceliohysterot/omy (coelio, hustera, uterus, tome, in- 
cision). The more correct and scientific term for 
Caesarean section. 
Coeliolymph, se'le-o-limf. Cerebro-spinal fluid. 
Cceliolysia, se-le-o-lis'e-ah (coelio, lusis, solution). 
Diarrhoea. 
Coeliolyticus, se-le-o-lit'ik-us. Pertaining to or pro- 
ducing diarrhoea. 
Cceliomyalgia, se-le-o-me-al'je-ah (coelio, mus, mus- 
cle, algos, pain). Pain in the muscles of the abdo- 
men. 
Cceliomyitis, se-le-o-me-e'tis (coelio, mus, muscle). 
Inflammation of the abdominal muscles. 
Cceliomyodynia, se-le-o-me-o-din'e-ah (koilia, belly, 
mus, muscle, odune, pain). Cceliomyalgia. 
Coelioncus, se-le-on'kus (coelio, onkos, tumor). Tu- 
mor of the abdomen. 
Ccelio-nephrectomy, se'le-o-nef-rek'to-me (coelio, 
nephros, kidney, ektome, excision). Operation for ex- 
cision of the kidney through the abdomen. 
Coelioparacentesis, se-le-o-par-ah-sen-ta'sis (koilia, CCEL1OPHTHCE 
abdomen, parakentesis, tapping). Paracentesis of the 
abdomen. 
Coeliophthoe, se-le-of'tho-e (koilia, phthoe, wasting). 
Phthisis abdominalis. 
Coeliophyma, se-le-o-fe'mah (coelio, phuma, tumor). 
Tumor of the abdomen. 
Coeliophymata, se-le-o-fe'mat-ah (pl. of Coeliophy- 
ma). Tubercles of the peritoneum. 
Ccelioplegia, se-le-o-plej'e-ah (koilia, belly, plege, 
stroke). Paralytic stroke affecting the abdomen; 
Asiatic cholera. 
Coeliopsophia, se-le-o-sof'e-ah (cteZio, psophos, noise). 
Borborygmus. 
Coeliopyosis, se-le-o-pe-o'sis (coelio, puosis, suppura- 
tion). Suppuration of the abdomen or its parietes. 
Cceliopyotlcus, se-le-o-pe-ot'ik-us. Relating to or 
suffering from cceliopyosis. 
Cceliorrheuma, se-le-or-rhu'mah (coelio, rheuma, de- 
fluxion, rheumatism). Rheumatism of the muscles 
of the abdomen. 
Coeliorrhoea, se-le-or-rhe'ah (coelio, rheo, to flow). 
Diarrhoea. 
Cceliorrhoicus, se-le-or-rho'ik-us. Pertaining to or 
suffering from cceliorrhcea. 
Coelioschisis, se-le-os'kis-is (koilia, belly, schisis, a 
splitting). Abdominal congenital fissure. 
Coelioschisticus, se-le-o-skis'tik-us. Pertaining to 
or suffering from ccelioschisis. 
Cceliospasmus, se-le-o-spaz'mus (coelio, spasmos, 
spasm). Spasm or cramp of the abdomen. 
Cceliospasticus, se-le-o-spaz'tik-us. Pertaining to 
or suffering from cceliospasmus. 
Coeliosphongioma, se-le-o-sfon-je-o'mah (koilia, 
belly, sphongos, sponge). Fungoid tumor of the ab- 
dominal cavity. 
Cceliostegnosis, se-le-o-steg-no'sis (koilia, belly, steg- 
nosis, a stopping). Constipation. 
Cceliotic, se-le-ot'ik. Purgative. 
Cceliotomy, se-le-ot'o-me (koilia, tome, incision). Cor- 
rect term for abdominal section or laparotomy, the 
latter word denoting, literally, an incision into the 
flanks only. 
Ccelitis, se-le'tis. Cceliitis. 
Coelo (koilos, hollow). In composition, hollow. 
Coelocline polycarpa, se-lo-kle'ne pol-e-kar'pah. 
Berberin tree, Yellow dye tree of Soudan. Small tree 
growing in Soudan, Sierra Leone, and other parts of 
Western Africa, the bark of which is employed top- 
ically in the treatment of obstinate ulcers, both in 
powder and decoction. 
Coelodont, se'lo-dont (koilos, hollow, odous, tooth). 
Having hollow teeth. 
Cce'lom (koilos. hollow). Cavity of the body. 
Coeloma, se-lo'mah (koilos, hollow). Round ulcer 
of the cornea, broader and deeper than that described 
under the name Bothrion. Also, the cavity of the 
body. 
Coelomele, se'lo-me-le (koilos, hollow, mele, probe). 
Grooved probe. 
Coelon, se'lon (koilos, hollow). Cavity. 
Ccelophlebitis, se-lo-phleb-e'tis (coelo, phleps, vein). 
Inflammation of the vena cava. 
Coelophthalmia, seel-of-thal'me-ah (koilos, hollow, 
ophthalmos, eye). Condition of being hollow-eyed. 
Coelophthalmus, seel-of-thal'mus (coelo, ophthalmos, 
eye). One who is hollow-eyed. 
Coelorrhizous, seel-or-ri'zus (koilos, hollow, rhiza, 
root). Hollow-rooted, applied to teeth. 
Coeloscope, se'lo-skope (koilia, abdomen, skopeo, to 
view). Instrument for examining the cavity of the 
body by means of electric light. 
Coelosis, se-lo'sis. Formation of a cavity. C., en- 
docyt'ic, formation of a cavity within a cell. C., 
paracyt'ic, formation of a cavity among cells. 
Coelostomia, seel-os-tom'e-ah (coelo, stoma, mouth). 
A defect in speaking, when the voice seems as if it 
came from a cavern,-that is, obscure and as if at a 
distance. 
Coelostomus, seel-os'tom-us (same etymon). One 
having a hollow voice. 
Coelotes, se-lo'tes (koilos, hollow). Cavity. 
250 
COFFEE-BEAN TREE 
Ccelum, seel'um. Cavity. 
Ccenadelphus, seen-ad-elf'us (koinos, common, adel- 
phos, brother). Double monster, the two portions 
having, in common, one or more organs indispensable 
to life. 
Ccenaedoeitis, seen-e-de-e'tis (koinos, common, aidoia, 
genitals). General inflammation of the genitals. 
Cosnsesthesis, seen-es-the'sis (koinos, common, aisthe- 
sis, feeling), Conesthesis. Common feeling. Some Ger- 
man writers mean, by this, a sixth sense, the feeling 
of self-existence or individuality, manifested by the 
sense of buoyancy or depression which we experience 
without any known cause-by involuntary shudder- 
ing, feeling of chill or glow, etc. 
Coensestheticus, seen-es-thet'ik-us. Pertaining to 
ccensesthesis. 
Coenecphlogiosis, seen-ek-flo-je-o'sis (koinos; gen- 
eral, ekphlogosis, conflagration). Varioloid. 
Ccenecthyma, seen-ek'thim-ah. General ecthyma. 
Coenerysipelas, seen-er-e-sip'el-as (fcoinos, general, 
erysipelas). General erysipelas. 
Coenerythrosis, seen-er-e-thro'sis (koinos, general, 
eruthros, red). General erythrosis. 
Coenichthyosis, seen-ik-the-o'sis (koinos, general, 
ichthus, fish). General ichthyosis. 
Coeno, se'no (koinos, common). In composition, 
common. 
Ccenocacostoma, seen-o-kak-os'tom-ah. Stomachic. 
Coenocauthma, seen-o-kath'mah. General urticaria. 
Coenochloasma, seen-o-klo-az'mah. General chlo- 
asma. 
Coenocnesmus, seen-ok-nez'mus. General itching. 
Coenodontitis, se-no-dont-e'tis (koinos, common, 
odous, tooth). General odontitis. 
Coenologia, seen-o-loj'e-ah (koinos, common, logos, 
discourse). Consultation. 
Coenonephritis, seen-o-nef-re'tis. Common neph- 
ritis. 
Ccenoparonychia, seen-o-par-on-ik'e-ah. Common 
paronychia. 
Coenotes, se'no-tes (koinos, common). What dis- 
eases have in common. The physicians of the me- 
thodic sect asserted that all diseases arise from 
relaxation, stricture, or a mixture of both. 
Coenotic, se-not'ik (koinotes, a sharing in common). 
Having the same connections; applied to fungi. 
Ccenurus, se-nu'rus (koinos, common, oura, tail). A 
hydatid, which is the larval condition of taenia 
ccenurus of the dog, and is the cause of the disease in 
the sheep, called Sturdy, Staggers, Gid, and Turnsick. 
Coetus, ko-e'tus. Coition. 
Coffea Arabica, kof'fe-ah ar-ab'ik-ah. Caffea. Ord. 
Rubiacese. Plant which affords coffee; originally from 
Yemen. The infusion of coffee is an agreeable and 
wholesome article of diet; to a certain extent tonic, 
and employed as such in convalescence from fevers, 
etc. In cases of poisoning by opium, and in old asth- 
mas, its use has been extolled. For this purpose the Mo- 
cha is the best. It ought to be newly-torrefied, but not 
too much burnt; should be strong, and drunk soon 
after grinding. Coffee is a cerebro-spinal stimulant, 
and possesses marked diuretic acton. A highly nitro- 
genized alkaloid was first found in coffee, and called 
Cafein, Caffeine, or Caffeia. It was afterward discovered 
in the leaves of the tea-plant, and called Thein, and in 
the Guarana of Brazil, and called Guaranin. Recent 
investigations have thrown some doubt upon the 
identity of caffeine and theine. See Caffein. 
Various substitutes have been proposed for coffee, 
as wheat, barley, hollyberries, acorns, sunflower seeds, 
beech-mast, peas, beans, succory-root, seeds of goose- 
berries and currants left in making wine and washed, 
sliced turnips, etc. These have been roasted, with 
the addition of a little butter or oil; but they have 
not the aroma of coffee. The best substitute is said 
to be the seeds of the Yellow water flag, Gladiolus 
luteus, or Iris pseudacorus. 
Coffee, kof'e. See Coffea Arabica. C., wild, trios- 
teum. 
Coffee-bean tree, Kentucky. Gymnocladus Cana- 
densis. COFFEE-GROUND VOMIT 
Cof'fee-ground vom'it. Vomiting occurring in cases 
of cancer, of dark brown material, and considered of 
diagnostic value. 
Coffee-tree, kof 'fe-tre. Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
Coffe'ic ac'id. Caffeic acid. 
Coffei'na. Caffeine. 
Coffeinum, kof-fe-e'num. Caffeine. 
Coffeol, kof'e-ol. Caffeol; oil of coffee developed 
in the process of roasting. 
Coffe'one. Caffeone. 
Coffeotan'nic ac'id. Caffeotannic acid. 
Cof'fln-bone. The os pedis of the horse. 
Cofflnism, kof'in-izm. Treatment of disease advo- 
cated by one Dr. Coffin, resembling Thomsonianism 
in its principles. 
Cognac, kone'yak. Brandy made of grapes growing 
in France. 
Cognitio physiologica, kog-nish'e-o fiz-e-o-loj'ik-ah 
(cognosco, to know). Physiological knowledge; physi- 
ology. 
Cog'wheel respira'tion. See Respiration. 
Cohabitation, ko-hab-it-a'shun (co, habito, to dwell). 
The act of dwelling together with or without mar- 
riage. In legal medicine it means the consumma- 
tion of marriage- Copulation. 
Co'hen's meth'od. Method of inducing premature 
labor by injecting water between the walls of the 
uterus and membranes enveloping the foetus. 
Coherent, ko-he'rent (cohierens, cohering.) Holding 
fast together; logical in construction as representing 
thought, when the term relates to speech. 
Cohesion, ko-he'zhun (co, heereo, to stick). Force of 
cohesion, Attraction of cohesion or of aggregation. That 
force in the particles of matter whereby they are con- 
nected in such a way as to resist any attempt toward 
their removal or separation; a force which has to 
be attended to in the management of disease. Emol- 
lients rubbed into a part act by diminishing the co- 
hesion. 
Cohibens, ko'hib-ens (holding together, co, habeo, to 
have). An agent that diminishes or restrains. 
Cohibiting, ko-hib'it-ing. Preventing. 
Cohn'stein's operation. Caesarean section in 
which the incision is made in the posterior wall of 
the uterus. 
Cohobation, ko-ho-ba'shun (cohdb, Paracelsian term 
for repetition). Distillation of a liquid, already dis- 
tilled, from the same substances. When this is re- 
peated three or four times, it is called Recohobation. 
The term is also applied to diseases which recur, al- 
though treated properly medicinally. 
Cohol' (syn. of Alcohol). A dry collyrium. 
Coholytic, ko-ho-lit'ik. Soluble in alcohol. 
Cohosh, ko-hosh'. Actaea racemosa, Caulophyllum 
thalictroides. C., black, Actaea racemosa. C., blue, 
Caulophyllum thalictroides. C., blue'berry, Caulo- 
phyllum thalictroides. C., red, Actaea rubra. C., 
white, Actaea alba. 
Cohush, ko-hush'. Caulophyllum thalictroides. 
Coil-glands. Sudoriparous or sweat-glands. 
Coilima, koil-e'mah. Swelling of the abdomen due 
to flatulence. 
Coin-catch'er. A probang constructed so as to re- 
move a coin lodged in the oesophagus. 
Coincidentia, ko-in-se-den'she-ah (co, incido, to fall 
or happen). Things agreeing, concurring, or happen- 
ing together. Occlusion of the foramen opticum by 
a humor. 
Coindicant (ko-in'dik-ant) signs (co, indico, to indi- 
cate). Those which furnish the same indications, or 
which confirm the indication afforded by another 
sign. 
Coindication, ko-in-dik-a'shun. Correspondence of 
signs with reference to an effect. 
Coin-sound. Metallic sound elicited in pneumo- 
thorax by listening on the back of the chest while 
one coin is struck on another anteriorly on the chest. 
Coir'a. Catechu. 
Coir'as {choir os, hog). Scrofula. 
Coital, ko'it-al. Relating to coitus. 
Coition, ko-ish'un (co, eo, to go together). Coitus, 
251 
COLD 
Coiture. Copulation, venery, sexual intercourse. Car- 
nal union of the sexes. 
Coiture, ko'it-ure. Coitus. 
Coitus, ko'it-us. Coition. C. diffic'ilis, difficulty 
in sexual intercourse, technically dyssynodus and 
dyspareunia. C. nervo'rum optico'rum, chiasm or 
crossing of the optic nerves. C. Sodomit'icus, bug- 
gery. 
Co'ko disease. Disease occurring in the Sandwich 
Islands, and having a resemblance to yaws. 
Col. See Abbreviations. As a prefix, the same as co, 
cum, with. 
Colah, ko'lah. See Gum. C. acumina'ta, Sterculia 
acuminata. C. nut, seeds of the Sterculia acuminata. 
Colalgia, kol-al'je-ah (colon, algos, pain). Pain in 
the colon. 
Colation, ko-la'shun. Straining a liquid. 
Colatorium, kol-at-o' re-um (colo, to strain). 
Strainer of any kind. Canal or conduit through 
which the excrementitious humors of the body are 
evacuated. Ulcers, fistulas, setons, caustics, etc. have 
been called artificial or accidental colatoria, because 
they were considered to be passages by which the 
animal economy is freed from some morbific matter. 
Colatum, kol-at'um. Anything strained or filtered. 
Colatura, kol-at-u'rah (colo, to strain). Filtered 
or strained liquor; it likewise means straining a 
liquid. 
Colauxe, kol-awks'e. Dilated condition of colon. 
Colchiceine, kol-chis'e-en. See Colchicum autumnale. 
Col'chici cor'mus. See Colchicum autumnale. C. 
ra'dix, see Colchicum autumnale. C. se'men or sem'- 
ina, see Colchicum autumnale. 
Colchicia, kol-kish'e-ah. See Colchicum autumnale. 
Colchicine, kol'chis-en. The active principle of 
colchicum. 
Colchicinum, kol-chis-e'num. Colchicine. 
Colchico-resin, kol'che-ko-rez'in. Substance of a 
brown color from Colchicum autumnale. 
Colchicum, kol'ke-kum (kolchikon, Colchis, in Asia, 
where it is said to have been common). Colchicum 
autumnale. C. autumna'le, Meadow saffron; nat. ord. 
Colchicacese. Bulb or root or cormus, Colchici radix 
(Ph. U. S.), Colchici cormus, Colchicum corm, and the seeds, 
Colchici semen (Ph. U. S.), C. semina (Ph. B.), are the 
parts used in medicine. The taste is acrid, excoriat- 
ing the mouth, but the acrimony is lost by drying. 
Narcotic, diuretic, and cathartic, and has been given 
in dropsy, gout, and rheumatism; dose, gr. j-vj of 
the fresh bulb. Active principle is called Colchicia or 
Colchicine; very poisonous; employed in gout and 
rheumatism hypodermically, in doses of gr. 
Colchiceine or Colchicein has also been obtained from 
it; it is very poisonous, acting on the great nervous 
centres; used subcutaneously in gout and rheuma- 
tism, in doses of gr. Colchicum, in an over-dose, 
is an acro-narcotic poison. C. Zeylan'icum, Ksempfe- 
ria rotunda. 
Colchiticus, kol-chit'ik-us. Relating to or prepared 
from colchicum. 
Colcothar, kol'ko-thar. Brown red, Ferric oxide, 
Rouge. Red oxide of iron, obtained by calcining 
sulphate of iron to redness, with or without the 
contact of air; possesses the general properties of 
the preparations of iron, and has been applied to 
stanch blood. 
Cold (Sax. colb). Sensation produced by the ab- 
straction of caloric from our organs. See Heat. 
Three degrees of cold are generally distinguished in 
disease: 1. The simple feeling of cold (Algor); 2. 
Chilliness (Horror); and, 3. Shivering (Rigor). Cold 
is employed in medicine chiefly as a refrigerant and 
sedative. Cold is also vaguely and indefinitely used 
for a morbid affection supposed to be induced by cold. 
" To take cold " is to be affected by a disease presumed 
to be caused by cold. Nosologically, it has no definite 
meaning. See Catarrh and Coryza. C. ab'scess, see 
Abscess. C. bath, see Bath. C. chill, intermittent 
fever. C. cream, unguentum aquae rosae. C. In the 
eye, ophthalmia, catarrhal. C. in the head, cory- 
za. C. pack, the moist packing of hydropathic treat- COLDENIA 
ment. C. plaque, vulgar name for cerebro-spinal men- 
ingitis occurring in epidemic fever among horses. C., 
rose, hay fever. C. slaw or Cole slaw, probably a 
corruption from (G.) Kohlsalat, (D.) Kool salade (from 
(G.) Kohl, Cole, Cabbage), Cabbage salad. Salad formed 
of the hard head of white cabbage cut into small 
strips, and dressed like ordinary salad. C. sore, 
herpes labialis. C. spots, localities on the skin where 
sensation of cold is present. 
Coldenia (kold-en'e-ah) procum'bens. Herb grow- 
ing in India, where it is employed in powder form to 
hasten suppuration. 
Cole slaw. Cold slaw. 
Colebrilla, kol-e-bril'lah. Guinea-worm. 
Colectomy, kol-ek'tom-e [koi on, ektome, excision). 
Excision of a part of the colon. 
Colein, kol'e-in. See Chitine. 
Coleitis, kol-e-e'tis (koleos, vagina or sheath). In- 
flammation of the vagina. 
Coleocele, kol-e-o-se'le (Eng. kol'e-o-seel) (koleos, 
vagina or sheath, kele, rupture). Hernia, vaginal. See 
Hernia. 
Coleocricos, kol-e-ok'rik-os (koleos, sheath, krikos, 
ring). Circular pessary. 
Coleoedema, kol-e-e-de'mah (koleos, oidema, swell- 
ing). Elytrcedema. 
Coleoptosis, kol-e-op-to'sis (koleos, ptosis, fall). Pro- 
lapsus vaginae. 
Coleorrhectic, kol-e-or-rhek'tic (koleos, sheath, 
rhexis, rupture). Eelating to laceration or rupture of 
the vagina. 
Coleorrhexis, kol-e-or-rheks'is (koleos, rhexis, rup- 
ture). Laceration or rupture of the vagina. 
Col'eos. Sheath, scrotum, testicle, vagina. 
Coleositis, kol-e-o-se'tis. Leucorrhoea. 
Coleostegnosis (kol-e-o-steg-no'sis) or Colpostegno'- 
sis (koleos, stegnosis, constriction). Narrowness of the 
vagina, natural or acquired. 
Col'eps or Colep'ium. The hollow of the knee; 
also the colon. 
Cole's pad. Device employed in treating aneurism 
by means of pressure, which is provided with a cotton 
and hair pad and connected to a shank with springs. 
Coles, ko'les. Penis. C. femina'rum or femini'- 
nus, clitoris. 
Cole'seed. Eape seed. 
Coleus, ko'le-us. Sheath, scrotum, testicle, vagina. 
C. Amboin'icus, herb growing in Cochin China and 
the Moluccas; anti-asthmatic, anti-epileptic, and car- 
minative ; leaves are edible. C. Malabar'icus grows 
in the East Indies and Indian Archipelago; the root 
is employed by the natives in dysentery and in ail- 
ments of the stomach. C. scutellarioi'des, same 
properties as Coleus Malabaricus. 
Cole'wort. Brassica oleracea and Brassica napus. 
Colic, kol'ik (kolon, the colon). Eelating to the colon 
or to colic. In its etymological acceptation colic sig- 
nifies an affection or pain in the colon, but it is em- 
ployed in a more extensive signification. It includes 
every acute pain of the abdomen, aggravated at inter- 
vals. Gripes, Mulligrubs, Belly-ache, Stomach-ache. The 
word has often, however, epithets affixed to it which 
render it more or less precise. See Tormina. C. of the 
Antilles, colic in endemic form, similar to lead colic. 
C. ar'teries are six in number, three of which, given 
off by the superior mesenteric, are called Colicee dextrse, 
and three, proceeding from the inferior mesenteric, 
Colicee sinistree. All proceed toward the colon, passing 
between the two laminae of the peritoneum, which 
form the mesocolon, where they ramify and anasto- 
mose with each other. The first, Colica dextra, is called 
C. dextra superior; the second, C. dextra media, Colica 
media; and the third, C. dextra inferior or ileocolica. 
Of the three Colicee sinistree, the first or superior is 
called, by Chaussier, Colica magna sinistra ; the second 
or media is not distinguished from the preceding, as 
they often arise from a common trunk; and the third 
is called Colica parva sinistra. To these arteries as 
many colic veins correspond, which open into the great 
and little mesenteric veins. C., arthritic, gouty 
colic. C., bilious or biliary, colica biliosa. C., 
252 
COLICA 
cal'culous, colic caused by calculi. C., catar'rhal, 
colica pituitosa. C., ci'der, see Cider and Colica metal- 
lica. C., cop'per, due to poisoning with copper, occur- 
ring among copper-workers. 0., crap'ulent, colica 
crapulosa. C., Devonshire, colica metallica. C., gall'- 
stone, colica hepatica. C., hepat'ic, colica hepatica. 
C., horn, priapism. C., lead, colica metallica. C. 
lobe of the liver, great lobe of that organ. C., 
Madrid', colica Madridensis. C., men'strual, colica 
menstrualis. C., metal'lic, colica metallica. C., ne- 
phrit'ic, colica nephretica. C., Nor'mandy, colica 
metallica. C., paint'er's, colica metallica. C., 
plumb'er's, colica metallica. C. of Poitou, colica 
metallica. C. of pros'titutes, colica scortorum. C., 
re'nal, colica nephretica. C. root, Aletris farinosa, 
Dioscorea villosa. C., sat'urnine, colica metallica. 
C. of the stom'ach, pain in the stomach of a neural- 
gic character. C. of Sur'inam, colica metallica. 0., 
u'terine, colica uterina. C., veg'etable, colica me- 
tallica. C. weed, Dicentra Canadensis. C., worm, 
colica verminosa. 
Colica, kol'ik-ah. Colic. C. accidenta'lis, colica 
crapulosa. C. acu'ta, enteritis. C. arthrit'ica, cceli- 
agra. C. bilio'sa, Bilious colic, occasioned by an ac- 
cumulation of bile in the intestines or in its own pas- 
sages. Treatment required resembles that proper for 
colica convulsiva. C. callo'sa, colic attended with 
sense of stricture in some parts of the intestinal canal, 
often with flatulency and pain; the flatus gradually 
passing off by the stricture; the bowels tardy, and at 
length discharging small liquid stools. C. convul- 
si'va, colic not the symptom of any other affection, 
characterized by griping pain in the bowels, chiefly 
about the navel, with vomiting and costiveness, the 
pain increasing at intervals. The indications are to 
clear the intestines and allay spasm. Carminatives, 
calomel and opium-castor oil and opium-emollient 
and cathartic enemata, with fomentations, wet or dry, 
to the abdomen, usually succeed. C. crapulo'sa, Crap- 
ulent colic, Surfeit, Colic from overeating ; colic arising 
from eating indigestible aliments or digestible aliments 
in too great abundance. The remedy is obvious. C. 
damnonio'rum or damnonien'sis, colic, metallic. C. 
febrico'sa, colica inflammatoria. C. figulo'rum, colica 
metallica. C. flatulen'ta, colic arising from an ac- 
cumulation of air in the intestines; very common in 
infants, and may be relieved by aromatics, especially 
when combined w'ith antacids-for example, oil of 
aniseed with magnesia. C. haemorrhoida'lis, Hemor- 
rhoidal colic; a kind of colic supposed to precede 
hemorrhoids or to supervene on their suppression. 
C. helluo'num, colica crapulosa. C. hepat'ica, Hepatic 
colic, Gallstone or Hepatic colic ; pain in the region of 
the liver, chiefly about the gall-bladder, occasioned 
by the passing of a biliary calculus through the cys- 
tic and choledoch ducts. C. idiopath'ica, colica con- 
vulsiva. C. il'eus, ileus. C. inflammato'ria, 
matory colic; the same as enteritis. C. Lappon'ica, 
see Seta equina. C. lochia'lis, diminution or sup- 
pression of the lochial discharge. C. Madriden'sis, 
Colic of Madrid, Madrid colic; species of colic, 
endemic in several provinces of Spain, whose nature 
is not clear; symptoms resemble those occasioned by 
lead; see Colica metallica. C. menstrua'lis, Menstrual 
colic ; colic preceding or accompanying the menstrual 
evacuation, or which is owing to the suppression of 
that evacuation. C. metal'lica, Metallic colic, Paint- 
er's colic, Colic of Poitou, Colic of Surinam, Bellon, Dev- 
onshire colic, Dry bellyache, Dry gripes, Saturnine colic, 
Lead colic, Plumber's colic ; under this head is generally 
described the colic produced by lead, as well as the 
other colics mentioned in the synonymy, and they 
certainly resemble each other greatly, although some 
of them are more like bilious colic. There is not 
much to distinguish this variety of colic from others. 
The same violent pain about the navel is present, 
with retraction of the abdomen toward the spine. It 
is apt also to occasion palsy. The only difference of 
treatment is in the necessity for employing more opium 
along with the purgative. The paralytic sequelae must 
be met by change of air, rubbing the spine, exercise, etc. COLICAL 
The Colics of Madrid, of Poitou, Devonshire, Normandy, 
etc. have been called vegetable colic, because ascribed to 
the use of new wine or cider, unripe fruit, etc., al- 
though really, perhaps, owing to the adulteration of 
wines and cider by litharge. All the symptoms in- 
deed are those of colica metallica. C. nephret'ica or 
nephrit'ica, Nephretic or Nephritic or Penal colic ; acute 
pains accompanying nephritis, and especially calcu- 
lous nephritis, or the passage of a calculus into the 
ureter; see Gravel. C. nervo'sa, colica convulsiva; 
colica metallica. C. pas'sio, colica. C. phlogis'tica, 
colica inflammatoria. C. pic'tonum, colica metallica. 
C. picto'rum, colica metallica, C. pituito'sa, colica 
convulsiva. C. plethor'ica, colica inflammatoria. C. 
plumbario'rum, colica metallica. C. pulsa'tilis, 
colic, inflammatory. C. rachial'gia, colica metallica. 
C. rena'lis, colica nephretica. C. rheumat'ica, pain- 
ful affection of the muscular coat of the intestines, 
occurring after exposure of the skin, especially of 
the feet and abdomen, to cold. C. saturni'na, colica 
metallica. C. scorto'rum, colic of prostitutes; form 
of colic said to have been observed among that class, 
but this is problematical. C. sic'ca, C. metallica. C. 
spasmod'ica, colica convulsiva, ileus. C. sterco'rea 
or stercora'cea, Stercoraceous colic; species of colic 
ascribed to the retention of fecal matters in the intes- 
tines. The retention is itself, however, an effect that 
may be caused in the same manner as the colic pains 
themselves. C. stipa'ta, colica stercorea. C. uteri'na, 
uterine colic; pain seated in the uterus, sometimes 
called Hysteralgia. C. ventric'uli, cardialgia. C. 
vermino'sa, worm colic; abdominal pain occasioned 
by the presence of worms in the intestines. C. zln'ci, 
see Zinci oxidum. 
Colical, kol'ik-al. Colic. 
Colicky, kol'ik-e. Having a resemblance to the 
pain of colic. 
Colicodynia, kol-ik-o-din'e-ah (odune, pain). Colica. 
Colicolienalis, kol-ik-o-le-en-al'is. Eelating to 
colon and spleen. 
Colicoplegia, kol-ik-o-ple'je-ah {colic,plege, a stroke). 
Colica metallica. 
Col'ic-weed. Caudates glauca. 
Coliform, kol'e-form. Resembling a sieve. 
Colis, ko'lis. Penis. C. femina'rum or femini'nus, 
see Clitoris. 
Colitis, ko-le'tis (colon, itis). Colonitis. Inflamma- 
tion of the peritoneal or mucous membrane of the 
colon. The former is termed Serocolitis and Exocolitis ; 
the latter, Endocolitis and Dysentery. C., follic'ular, 
see Follicular colitis. 
Colix, ko'liks. Troche or tablet. 
Colla, kol'lah. Glue. C. anima'lis, animal glue. 
C. pis'cium (glue of fish), ichthyocolla. 
Collagen, kol'lah-jen (holla, glue, gennao, to produce). 
The substance which, especially in bone and cartilage, 
contains the principle which is developed into glue by 
boiling. 
Collagenous, kol-laj'en-us. Resembling or yielding 
gelatin. 
Collapse, koi-laps'. Complete prostration of 
strength, either at the commencement or in the 
progress of a disease. C. of the lung, see Atelectasis. 
C., ner'vous, neurasthenia. C., pul'monary, see 
Atelectasis. 
Collapsed, kol-lapsd'. In a condition of collapse. 
Collapsion, kol-lap'shun. Collapse. 
Collapsus, kol-lap'sus (collabor, to fall down). Col- 
lapse. C. pulmo'nis, see Atelectasis. 
Col'lar-bone. Clavicle. 
Collard, kol'lard. Dracontium fcetidum. C., cow, 
Dracontium fcetidum. C., pole'cat, Dracontium fceti- 
dum. 
Collarium salinum, kol-lah're-um sal-e'num (col- 
lum, neck). Collar of salt applied to the neck, as in 
case of croup. 
Collarius, kol-lah're-us (collum, neck). Relating to 
the neck. 
Collarpor. Achyranthes lanata. 
Collateral, kol-lat'er-al (col, latus, side). That which 
accompanies or proceeds by the side of another. C. 
253 
COLLINSON'S FLOWER 
ar'teries of the arm are given off by the brachial, 
and are distinguished into-1. The collateral-supe- 
rior or external-which arise from the inner part of 
the brachial, and extend as far as the inferior and 
external part of the arm. 2. The collateral-inferior 
or internal-which arise from the brachial, near the 
elbow-joint, and descend toward the upper part of 
the forearm. The vessels which pass to the fingers 
and toes are also called collateral. Speaking gener- 
ally, collateral branches are those which follow nearly 
the same course as the vessel whence they emanate. 
C. circulation, see Circulation. 
Collateralis, kol-lat-er-al'is. Ischio-cavernosus. 
Collatitious, kol-lat'ish-us. Assisting digestion. 
Collecting tubule, kol-lek'tingtu'bule. The portion 
of a tubule receiving uriniferous secretion and dis- 
charging into the excretory duct. 
Collection, kol-lek'shun (colligo, to gather). This 
word is often united to the epithet purulent, serous, etc. 
to express a gathering of pus, serum, etc. C. liga- 
ment, triangular ligament of abdomen. 
Coliesis, kol-la'sis (holla, glue). Agglutination. 
Col'les's fas'cia. Inferior perineal fascia. C.'s 
fracture, fracture of the lower end of the radius; see 
Fracture. C.'s law, fact observed by Colles, that 
mothers may nurse their own syphilitic children with 
immunity, while nurses frequently contract chancre 
of the nipple. 
Colletic, kol-let'ik. Agglutinant. 
Colli longus, kol'le lon'gus. Longus colli. 
Collicise, kol-lish'e-e (same etymon as Collection, 
or from col and liqueo, to be liquid). Drains to collect 
and convey away water. C. puncto'rum lacry- 
mal'ium, union of the ducts passing from the puncta 
lacrymalia. 
Collicular (kol-lik'u-lar) ar'teries. Arteries enter- 
ing the corpora quadrigemina from the posterior 
cerebral arteries. 
Colliculi (kol-lik'u-le) (pl. of Colliculus) anterio'- 
res. Corpora quadrigemina anteriora. C. bul'bi, 
see Corpus spongiosum urethree. C. ner'vi ethmoi- 
da'lis, corpora striata. C. nervo'rum optico'- 
rum, thalami nervorum opticorum. C. posterio'- 
res, corpora quadrigemina posteriora. C. vagi'nae, 
nymph®. 
Colliculus, kol-lik'u-lus (dim. of Collis, hill). See 
Optic nerve. C. cauda'tus, nucleus caudatus. C. 
ca've® posterio'ris ventriculo'rum latera'lium, 
hippocampus minor. C. ner'vi ethmoida'lis, corpus 
striatum. C. papilla'ris, tuberculum papillare of 
the liver. C. semina'lis, gallinaginis caput. C. 
subpinea'lis, small eminence situated near posterior 
commissure of the brain. 
Collidine, kol'lid-een. Poisonous alkaloid, CsHnN, 
derivable from putrid gelatin. 
Collier's (kol'yur's) lung. The hepatic condition 
induced in the lungs of coal-miners from inhalation 
of dust; anthracosis pulmonum. 
Colligamen, kol-lig-am'en (col, ligo, to bind). Liga- 
ment. 
Colligamentum, koi - lig - am - ent' um. Ligament; 
also liquid in which the primary embryonic rudi- 
ments have their origin. 
Colligatio, kol-lig-ah'she-o. Binding together by 
ligaments. 
Collin, kol'lin. Gelatin in soluble form. 
Collinic, kol-lin'ik (holla, glue). Eelating to, or ob- 
tained from, glue. 
Collinsonia, kol-lin-so'ne-ah (after Peter Collinson). 
Horse-weed, Horse-balm, Rich-weed, Rich-leaf, Heal-all, 
Stone-root, Knot-root, Knot-weed, Knob-weed, order 
Labiat®; indigenous plant possessed of diuretic 
properties, which seem to reside in a volatile oil; in- 
fusion is the best form of administration; leaves in 
domestic practice are applied to wounds and bruises. 
C. Canaden'sis, collinsonia. C. decussa'ta, C. Cana- 
densis. 
Collinso'ni® her'ba. Herb of Collinsonia Canaden- 
sis. C. ra'dix, root of Collinsonia Canadensis. 
Collinson's (kol'lin-sun's) flower. Collinsonia Cana- 
densis, COLLI QUA M ENTUM 
Colliquamentum, kol-lik-wah-men'tum (colliqueo, 
to melt). First rudiments of an embryo. 
Colliquation, kol-lik-wa'shun. Solution, Dissolution. 
Act of melting. The ancients meant, by this term, 
the progressive diminution of the solid parts, with 
copious excretion of liquids by one or more passages. 
They thought that all the solids melted, and that the 
liquids, and particularly the blood, lost a portion of 
their density. 
Colliquative, kol-lik'wa-tive. Epithet given to 
various discharges which produce rapid exhaustion ; 
hence we say colliquative sweats, colliquative diar- 
rhoea, etc. C. fe'ver, hectic fever. 
Colliquescens, kol-lik-wes'sens (col, liquesco, to 
grow liquid). Colliquative. 
Collisio, kol-liz'e-oh (collido, to dash together). Con- 
tusion. 
Colli-spinalls, kol'le-spin-al'is. Spinatus colli. 
Colli-splenius, kol'le-splen'e-us. Splenius colli. 
Collisus, kol-lis'us. Crushed ; bruised ; term ap- 
plied to wounds. 
Collix, kol'liks. Troche or tablet. 
Collocystis, kol-lo-sis'tis (kolla, glue, kustis, a blad- 
der). Capsule, gelatinous. 
Collod.es, kol-lo'des (kolla, glue). Glutinous. 
Collodesmus, kol-lo-dez'mus (kolla, cement, desmos, 
bandage). Immovable apparatus and starch bandage. 
Collodion, kol-lo'de-on (kolla, glue). Collodium (Ph. 
U. S. and Br.), Liquid cuticle, Ethereal solution of gun- 
cotton, Maynard's adhesive liquid. Solution obtained by 
dissolving Gun-cotton-Soluble gun-cotton, Gossypium 
fulminans, Pyroxylin, Pyroxylon-in a mixture of recti- 
fied ether and alcohol. Pyroxylon is formed by mixing 
nitric acid and sulphuric acid gradually, and adding 
cotton (freed from impurities). The U. S. Pharmaco- 
poeia contains a formula for the preparation of col- 
lodion (pyroxyl., p. 4; aether, fortior., p. 70; alcohol., 
p. 26). In the Ph. Br., it is made by mixing pyroxy- 
lin, %j, ether, (Imp.), rectified spirit, 
(Imp.). When applied to a part, the ether evaporates, 
and the solid adhesive material is left, which contracts. 
Hence it is used in cases of wounds to keep their 
edges together. It forms, also, a coating, and has 
been applied in abrasions and in cases of burns. In 
various chronic cutaneous diseases it has been applied 
with advantage; and has been employed to give a 
coating to pills, which it deprives of their taste, with- 
out interfering with their action. Various non-offici- 
nal preparations of collodion have been employed, 
formulae for several of which are herewith given: 
C., abort'ive, consists of hydrargyrum bichloride, 
3 parts to 500 parts of collodion; employed for the 
purpose of aborting small-pox vesicles. C., canthar'- 
idal, Collodion with cantharides, Collodium cum canthar- 
ide (Ph. IT. S. and Br.). The U. S. Ph. contains 
a formula for its preparation, including as the 
ingredients cantharides, flexible collodion, and com- 
mercial chloroform; in the Ph. Br., pyroxylin and 
liquor epispasticus. By painting the surface with 
a little of this solution vesication is produced, as 
with the plaster of cantharides. C. with canthar'- 
ides, C., cantharidal. C., caus'tic, prepared by dis- 
solving 4 parts of corrosive sublimate in 30 of collo- 
dion, has been used for destroying naevi materni. 
C., com'pound sal'icylated, C. salicylatum composi- 
tum. C., cro'ton oil, see Collodium crotonatum. C., 
elastic, C., flexible. C., epispas'tic, vesicating c., 
consisting of a mixture of oil of mustard, glacial 
acetic acid, and collodion. C., ferra'ted, collodium 
ferratum. C., ferru'ginous, mixture of equal parts 
of collodion and tincture of chloride of iron, 
under this name, has been employed in ery- 
sipelas. C., flexible, collodium flexile (Ph. U. S.), 
is a mixture of collodion, Canada turpentine, and 
castor oil; in the Ph. Br., collodium, Canada balsam, 
and turpentine. The other ingredients give to 
the collodion softness and elasticity. C., glyc'- 
erized, mixture of glycerin and collodion, which 
accommodates itself to the motions of the part, 
and does not crack when applied. C., i'odized, 
mixture of iodine, gr. x-xx, in collodion, pro- 
254 
COLLOID 
posed to obtain rapidly the effects of iodine, espe- 
cially on tumors. C., io'doform, consists of 1 part 
iodoform dissolved in 20 parts of flexible collodion. 
C., mercu'rial, Caustic collodion. Prepared by dis- 
solving corrosive sublimate in collodion, say in the 
proportion of one part of the former to six of the 
latter; has been used in cases of naevi, and, more 
diluted, in different cutaneous affections, syphilitic 
discolorations, for example; also, to prevent pitting 
in small-pox. C., rictnated, see Collodion, terebinthi- 
nated. C., silk, silk fibre is dissolved in chloride of 
zinc, and the zinc is then removed. C., styptic, collo- 
dium stypticum (Ph. U. S.); styptic colloid; xylostyp- 
tic ether. Preparation made of tannic acid, alcohol, 
stronger ether, and collodion; applied externally to 
wounded or abraded surfaces; carbolic acid, iodine, 
morphine, etc. may be added to it. C., terebinth'- 
inated or rictnated, preparation of collodion, 3-j, 
ol. ricini or terebinth, venet., gr. x; used by the 
Germans and French as a covering in erysipelas, 
burns, bedsores, and chronic cutaneous diseases. C., 
vestcating, C., epispastic. 
Collodium, kol-lo'de-um (Ph. U. S.). Collodion. C. 
antisep'ticum, antiseptic collodion; prepared by sat- 
urating linen or silk in solution of mastic, 1 part of 
narcotine in powder form and Peruvian balsam, 5 
parts of chloroform; it is then allowed to dry. C. 
cantharida'le, collodion, cantharidal. C. cum can- 
thar'ide, collodion, cantharidal. C. carboltcum, 
carbolic collodion; mixture of carbolic acid and col- 
lodion, equal parts; employed locally in toothache in 
cavity of tooth. C. chrysarobina'tum, chrysarobin 
collodion; mixture of chrysarobin 3 parts in collo- 
dion 20 parts; used locally in the treatment of pso- 
riasis. C. corrosi'vum, collodion caustic. C. creasot'- 
icum, creasote collodion; preparation made of crea- 
sote and collodion; employed in dental caries. C. 
crotonatum, croton-oil collodion; preparation con- 
sisting of croton oil and collodion, equal parts of 
each. C. epispasticum, see Collodion, epispastic. C. 
escharot'icum, see Collodium corrosivum. C. ferra'- 
tum, preparation made of ferric chloride and collo- 
dion in the proportion of 1 to 6; used as a hemo- 
static. C. flexile, collodion, flexible. C. glyceri- 
natum, collodion, glycerized. C. hsemostattcum, 
collodion, styptic. C. iodofor'mi, collodion, iodo- 
form. C. lentes'cens, collodion, glycerized. C. 
mercuria'le iodatum, iodized mercurial collodion; 
preparation made of mercurial iodide, potassium io- 
dide, alcohol and ether, and soluble gun-cotton. C. 
phenylatum, C. carbolicum. C. plum'bicum, lead 
collodion; consists of lead plaster, alcohol and ether, 
and collodion duplex; applied to cutaneous irrita- 
tions and scales. C. ricinatum, see Collodion, tere- 
binthinated. C. salicylatum compos'itum, compound 
salicylated collodion, salicylic collodion; preparation 
made of extractum cannabis Indicse, alcohol, salicylic 
acid, and flexible collodion. C. saturni'num, C. 
plumbicum. C. stypticum (Ph. U. S), see Collodion, 
styptic. C. tan'nicum, C. stypticum. C. terebinthina'- 
tum, collodion, terebinthinated. C. vestcans, collo- 
dion, cantharidal. 
Col'loid (kolla, glue, eidos, resemblance). Resem- 
bling glue. Also, substance, as gum, gelatin, or albu- 
min, which in solution passes with difficulty, or not 
at all, through minutely porous septa. C., an'odyne, 
amyl colloid. C. can'cer, Alveolar cancer, Gelatinous, 
Areolar, or Gum cancer. Epithet applied to a product 
of morbid secretion resembling glue or particles of 
jelly inlaid in a regular alveolar bed. See Cancer. C., 
carboltc, solution of carbolic acid in styptic colloid. 
C. cysts, see Cysts. C. degeneration, Colloid softening. 
Metamorphosis consisting in transformation of the 
tissues into a brownish substance like thin glue or 
mucilage. Its chemical composition is not constant. 
It occurs in glandular carcinoma and other growths. 
C., i'odized, preparation made by dissolving iodine in 
styptic collodion. C. styptic, Xylostyptic ether. A 
compound fluid for instant and ready use in the 
dressing of wounded surfaces, which is at the same 
time styptic, antiseptic, and a complete means of COLLOIDAL 
excluding wounded, abraded, or ulcerated parts from 
the air. It consists in saturating ether with tannin 
and gun-cotton, and may be applied with a brush or 
mixed with an equal quantity of ether in the form 
of spray. It may also be made by adding together 
collodion, carbolic acid, tannin, and benzoic acid. C., 
zinc, prepared by dissolving sulphate of zinc in styp- 
tic collodion. 
Colloidal, kol-loid'al. Colloid. 
Colloidin, kol-loid'in. Albuminoid substance found 
in colloid tumors. 
Colloma, kol-lo'mah (fco'ZZa, glue). Gelatiniform 
matter, of common occurrence in cysts; is trans- 
parent, amorphous, and devoid of vessels and nerves. 
Collonema, kol-lon-a'mah (kolla, glue). Colloid sar- 
coma. Peculiar gelatinous tumor, consisting of a re- 
markably soft gelatiniform tissue, which trembles on 
being touched. 
Collophora utilis, kol-lof'or-ah u'til-is {kolla, glue, 
phoreo, to bear). Brazilian lorveira; caoutchouc is 
obtained from the sap. 
Collostrum, kol-los'trum. Colostrum. 
Colloturine, kol-lo-tu'reen. Alkaloid obtained from 
bark of Symplocos racemosa. 
Collourion, kol-lu're-on. Collyrium. 
Colloxylin, kol-loks'il-in (kolla, glue, xulinos, made 
of cotton). Pyroxylin. 
Collum, kol'lum. The neck. The part of the body 
situate between the head and chest; also a part of an 
organ resembling the neck, as in the following cases: 
C. anatom'icum hu'meri, anatomical neck of hume- 
rus. C. astrag'ali, Neck of the astragalus. Depression 
separating the anterior extremity of the astragalus 
from its body. C. chirur'gicum hu'meri, surgical 
neck of humerus. C. costa'rum, Neck of the ribs. 
Narrow part of the ribs between the head and tuber- 
cle. C. den'tium, Neck of the teeth. Part of the teeth 
between the corona and fang, which is embraced by 
the gum. C. duc'tus urinif'eri, neck of uriniferous 
tubule. C. fem'oris, Neck of the thigh-bone. The long, 
narrow, and oblique portion of the os femoris, which 
separates the head of the two trochanters. C. fib'ulse, 
Neck of the fibula. Slight narrowness seated below 
the head or upper extremity of the fibula. C. glan'- 
dis, see Glans. C. hu'meri, Neck of the humerus. Cir- 
cular, depressed portion which separates the head of 
the os humeri from its two tuberosities; some sur- 
geons place the neck below the tuberosities, no precise 
line of demarcation indicating its extent. C. man- 
dib'ulae or maxil'lse inferio'ris, Neck of the lower jaw. 
Depression observable on each side of the lower jaw, 
immediately below the condyles. C. obsti'pum, tor- 
ticollis. C. os'sis mag'ni or capita'ti, Neck of the os 
magnum. Circular depression beneath the head of 
this bone of the carpus. C. pe'dis, instep. C. ra'dii, 
Neck of the radius. Narrow portion of the radius, 
which supports the head of the bone. C. scap'ulse, 
Neck of the scapula. Narrow portion observable below 
the glenoid cavity of the scapula, which seems to 
separate it, as it were, from the rest of the bone. C. 
stape'dis, neck of stapes. C. ta'li, neck of astraga- 
lus. C. u'teri, Neck of the uterus. Narrow, cylindri- 
cal, and flattened portion of the uterus, which termi- 
nates it inferiorly, and opens into the vagina by the 
os uteri or os tincse. This neck is perceptible on ex- 
amination per vaginam, until near the end of utero- 
gestation. As the uterus enlarges, however, it becomes 
shorter and wider, so that a manifest difference exists 
between its condition at seven and nine months. C. 
vesi'cse, Neck of the bladder. Anterior part of the 
base of the bladder, which resembles the neck of a 
bottle, and is continuous with the urethra. C. v. 
fel'lese, neck of gall-bladder. 
Collunarium, kol-lun-ah're-um. Nasal douche. 
Collurium, kol-lu're-um. Collyrium. 
Collutio, kol-lu'she-o (col, luo, to wash). Gargarism. 
Collution, kol-lu'shun. Lotion. 
Collutorium, kol-lu-to're-um (same etymon as Col- 
lutio). Mouth wash. C. adstrin'gens, mel boracis. 
C. o'ris, mouth wash. 
Collutory, kol'lu-to-re. Mouth wash. 
255 
COLOCYNTHIS 
Colluvies, koi - lu' ve - es. Filth, excrement. Dis- 
charge from an old ulcer. C. gas'trica, gastric dis- 
order. 
Collyrium, kol-lir'e-um (fcoZwo, to check, reo, to 
flow, or kollura, cylindrical cake). Formerly a solid 
medicine, of long, cylindrical shape, proper to he 
introduced into the vagina, anus, or nostril, shaped 
like a rat's tail, containing powders and glutinous 
matters. At the present day collyrium means 
an application to the eye. Some are pulverulent 
and dry, Collyria sicca, but the greatest part are 
liquid, Hygrocollyria. The term is now little more 
than synonymous with Eye-water. C. adstrin'gens, 
aqua ophthalmica aluminosa. C. Alexan'dri re'gis 
sic'cum, see Collyrium. C. alumino'sum, aqua oph- 
thalmica aluminosa. C. ammoniaca'le, preparation 
used in France in amaurosis and nervous debility of 
the eye, consisting of slaked lime, muriate of ammonia, 
charcoal, cinnamon, cloves, and bole Armeniac, moist- 
ened, and kept in a well-stopped bottle; the stopper 
being removed, the bottle is moved beneath the 
affected eye. C. a'ni, suppository. C. antiphlogis'- 
ticum, liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. C. Batea'- 
num, see Lotion, camphorated, of Bates. C. of the Ben- 
edic'tines, preparation made of extract of soot dis- 
solved in vinegar, to which extract of roses is added; 
a once popular application in scrofulous ophthalmia. 
C., ferru'ginous, mixture of sulphate of iron and 
white sugar. C., Gim'bernat's, solution of caustic 
potash in water. C. of King Alexan'der, see Alexan- 
drine. C. opia'tum, prepared by dissolving extract of 
opium in rose-water. C. plumba'tum, liquor plumbi 
subacetatis dilutus. C. sic'cum, see Collyrium. C. s. 
Alexandri'num, see Alexandrine. C. zin'cicum, un- 
guentum zinci oxidi. 
Coloboma, kol-o-bo'mah (koloboma, anything trun- 
cated, maimed, or shortened). Mutilated or maimed 
organ. C. i'ridis, Fissure of the iris. Congenital pe- 
culiarity of the iris, consisting of a fissure of its lower 
portion, and a consequent prolongation of the iris to 
the margin of the cornea; see Iridorrhagus. Coloboma 
of the choroid also occasionally occurs-a large defect 
in the choroid, usually in its lower part; coloboma 
of the iris and ciliary body generally coexist in this 
condition. C. len'tis, defect generally occurring with 
a similar defect in the iris and choroid, and this defect 
is due to relaxation of the zonule of Zinn. C. of op'tic- 
nerve sheath, congenital rare peculiarity due to im- 
perfect closure of foetal fissure. C. pal'pebrse, verti- 
cal wound of the eyelid, passing through it so as to 
divide it into two flaps, somewhat resembling the two 
portions of a harelip. 
Colobomaticus, kol-o-bo-mat'ik-us. Affected with 
coloboma. 
Colobosis, kol-o-bo'sis. The act of curtailing or 
mutilating; mutilation. 
Colocasia, kol-o-kah'se-ah. A genus of Aroidese. 
C. antiquo'rum, cultivated in India and Egypt, and 
used for food; juice of leaves possesses styptic proper- 
ties. C. esculen'ta, variety of Colocasia antiquorum 
known as laro. 
Colocentesis, kol-o-sen-ta'sis (colon, kenteo, to pierce). 
Operation of puncturing the colon, as in case of para- 
lytic distension of that bowel. 
Colocholosis, kol-o-kol-o'sis (colon, chole, bile). Bil- 
ious dysentery. 
Colocleisis, kol-o-kleis'is (colon, kleisis, occclusion). 
Occlusion of the colon. 
Colocolos'tomy (colon, stoma, mouth). Operation of 
forming artificial communication between two por- 
tions of the colon. 
Colocynth, kol'o-sinth (kolokunthisf Cucumis colo- 
cynthis. 
Colocyntha, kol-o-sinth'ah. Cucurbita lagenaria. 
Colocynthein, kol-o-sinth'e-in. A derivative of 
colocynthin. 
Coiocynthin (kol-o-sinth'in) or Colocynth'ite. See 
Cucumis colocynthis. 
Colocynthis, kol-o-sinth'is. Colocynth; see Cucumis 
colocynthis. Preparations: Extractum colocynthidis 
alcoholic; dose, gr. J-ij ; Extractum colocynthidis COLOCYNTH ITI N 
compositum, compound extract of colocynth, com- 
posed of extract of colocynth, aloes, cardamom, resin 
of scammony, soap, and alcohol; dose, gr. v-xx; pilulse 
catharticae composite (g. v.). 
Colocynthitin, kol-o-sinth'it-in. See Cucumis colo- 
cynthis. 
Colodactylus, kol-o-dak'til-us (fcoZos, curtailed, dak- 
tulos). Provided with incomplete feet. 
Colo-enteritis, ko-lo-ent-er-e'tis. Colitis. 
Cologne water, co-lone' waw'ter. Eau de cologne; 
spiritus odoratus. 
Colomba, kol-om'bah. Calumba. 
Colombin, kol-om'bin. See Calumba. 
Colombine (kol'om-been), common. Aquilegia vul- 
garis. 
Colombo, kol-om'bo. Calumba. 
CoTon. That portion of the large intestine which 
extends from the caecum to the rectum. (It is said to 
have been so called from koilos, hollow, or from koluo, 
to arrest, because the excrements are arrested for a 
considerable time in its sacs.) The colon is usually 
divided into four portions: 1. The right lumbar or as- 
cending, colon dextrum, situate in the right lumbar 
region, and commencing at the caecum. 2. Transverse 
colon, colon transversum, transverse arch of the colon, the 
portion of the colon which crosses from the right to 
the left side at the upper part of the abdomen. 3. 
The left lumbar or descending colon, colon sinistrum, ex- 
tending from the left part of the transverse arch, op- 
posite the outer portion of the left kidney, to the 
corresponding iliac fossa. 4. The iliac colon or sig- 
moid flexure of the colon, the portion of the intestine 
which makes a double curvature in the left iliac fossa 
and ends in the rectum. The muscular fibres, as in 
the caecum are in three flat stripes. Membrum. C., 
inflammation of the, colitis. 0., tor'por of, disease 
in which the muscular coat of the colon acts with 
deficient energy, giving occasion to distension of the 
intestine, which, by pressing upon the other organs, 
may interfere so much with their functions as to lead 
to distressing gastric, cardiac, and other disorders. 
Colonic, ko-lon'ik. Pertaining to the colon. 
Colonitis, ko-lon-e'tis {colon, itis). Colitis; dysen- 
tery. 
Colonization, kol-on-i-za'shun. Method employed 
in the treatment of the insane, which consists in 
keeping them in colonies, and in giving them em- 
ployment and providing for them in families. 
Colonopyra, ko-lon-op'ir-ah. Colopyra. 
Colonoscope, ko-lon'o-skope {colon, skopeo, to view). 
Instrument for examining upper part of rectum. 
Colony, koi'on e. Growth of bacteria by multipli- 
cation in favorable media. C. treat'ment, see Coloni- 
zation. 
Colophany, kol-of'an-e. Colophonia. 
Colophene, kol'o-feen. Volatile oil from colophony. 
Colopholic, kol-o-fol'ik. Relating to or obtained 
from colophony. C. ac'id, acid derived from turpen- 
tine ; employed in making plasters and soaps. 
Colophonia, kol-o-fo'ne-ah (from Colophon, a city 
of Ionia), Colophany, Colophony, Black rosin, Pitch, 
Brown rosin. Black resin remaining in the retort 
after the distillation of common turpentine by means 
of a strong fire. It is used like the turpentines in 
general and in some pharmaceutical preparations. C. 
Mauritia'na, tree of Mauritius yielding Mauritius 
elemi. 
Colophon'ic ac'id. Colopholic acid. 
Colophonium, ko-lo-fon'e-um. Colophony. 
Colophony, ko-lof'on-e. Colophonia. 
Coloproctia, ko-lo-prok'te-ah {colon, proktos, anus). 
Colostomy. 
Colopuncture, ko-lo-punk'ture. Operation of punc- 
turing the colon; colocentesis. 
Colopyra, ko-lop'ir-ah {colon, pur, fire). Variety 
of dysentery accompanied with white discharges. 
Coloquintida, ko-lo-kwin'tid-ah. Cucumus colo- 
cynthus. 
Color, kul'ur. The visual perception arising from 
the reflection of light after it has undergone various 
changes induced by the diverse refrangibility of its 
256 
COLOSTRUM 
component rays. C. blind'ness, inability to distin- 
guish colors accurately; see Achromatopsia. C. cenz- 
tre, see Centre. C., complement'ary, see Colors, acci- 
dental. C. perception, ability of seeing and distin- 
guishing colors. C. p., abnor'mal, color-blindness. 
C. virgin'eus pal'lidus (pale color of virgins), chloro- 
sis. C. vir'ginum fced'us, chlorosis. 
Coloration, kul-ur-a'shun. The acquiring of color 
or any special hue; the effect of staining. 
Color ectitis, ko-lo-rek-te'tis. Inflammation of 
colon and rectum ; dysentery. 
Colorectos'tomy (colon, rectum, stoma, mouth). 
Operation for formation of anastomosis between the 
rectum and colon. 
Colorific, kul-ur-if'ik. Producing or giving color. 
Colorimeter, kul-ur-im'et-ur (color, metrow, measure). 
An instrument with which color intensity in liquids 
is measured. 
Col'ors, accidental. Opposite colors, Complementary 
or Harmonic colors. If the eye has been for some 
time regarding a particular color, the retina becomes 
insensible to this color, and if afterward it is turned 
to a sheet of white paper, the paper will be of the 
color that arises from the union of all the rays of the 
solar spectrum except the one to which the retina 
has become insensible. Thus, if the eye be directed 
for some time to a red wafer, the sheet of paper will 
seem to be of a bluish-green in a circular spot of the 
same dimensions as the wafer. This bluish-green im- 
age is called an ocular spectrum, because it is impressed 
upon the eye and may be retained for a short time; 
and the color bluish-green is said to be the accidental 
color of the red. If this experiment be made with 
wafers of different colors, other accidental colors will 
be observed, varying with the color of the wafer em- 
ployed, as in the following table: 
Color of the Accidental color, or color 
Wafer. of the ocular spectrum. 
RedBluish-green. 
OrangeBlue. 
YellowIndigo. 
GreenViolet with a little red. 
Blue Orange-red. 
IndigoOrange-yellow. 
VioletYellow-green. 
Black White. 
White Black. 
If all the colors of the spectrum be ranged in a 
circle, in the proportions they hold in the spectrum 
itself, the accidental color of any particular color will 
be found directly opposite. Hence the two colors 
have been termed opposite colors. If the primary 
color, or that to which the eye has been first directed, 
be added to the accidental color, the result must be 
the same impression as that produced by the union 
of all the rays of the spectrum-white light. The 
accidental color, in other words, is what the primitive 
color requires to make it white light. The primitive 
and accidental colors are therefore complements of 
each other, and hence accidental colors have been 
called complementary colors. They have also been 
termed harmonic, because the primitive and its acci- 
dental color harmonise with each other in painting. 
C., complementary, C., accidental. C., op'posite, see 
C., accidental. 
Colostomy, ko-los'tom-e (kolon, stoma, mouth). Ope- 
ration for artificial anus, consisting in making a large 
permanent aperture in the colon. 
Colostra, kol-os'trah. Colostrum. 
Colostratio, kol-os-trah'she-o. Colostration. 
Colostration, kol-os-tra'shun. Disease in new- 
born children, attributable to the colostrum. 
Colostric, kol-ost'rik. Eelating to the colustrum. 
Colostrococca, kol-ost-ro-kok'kah. Colostrum cor- 
puscles. See Corpuscles. 
Colostrous, kol-ost'rus. Containing colustrum. 
Colostrum, kol-os'trum (kolon, food, or kolla, 
glue, on account of the viscidity of the first milk. 
Green milk, Beastlings, Beistings, Beestings, Biestings 
or Beastings, Beest. First milk after accouchement; 
Contains more serum and butter and less casein than COLOTOMY 
common milk, and seems to possess a laxative prop- 
erty, which renders it fit to aid in the expulsion of 
the meconium. Chemical analysis of the colostrum 
and the normal milk of woman, according to Simon, 
gives the following results : 
Colostrum. Normal Milk. 
Water 828 887.6 
Fat 50 25.3 
Casein 40 34.3 
Sugar of milk . 70 48.2 
Ashes 3 2.3 
Colostrum formerly meant an emulsion prepared of 
turpentine and yolk of egg. C. corpuscles, granu- 
lar round yellow corpuscles, abundant in the colus- 
trum, and disappearing in the course of a week or 
more. 
Colotomy, ko-lot'o-me {colon, tome, incision). Ope- 
ration of cutting into the colon, as for the formation 
of an artificial anus. Callisen's operation was applied 
to the descending, that of Amussat to the ascending, 
colon. 
Colotyphus, kol-o-ti'fus. Typhoid fever ac- 
companied with dysentery. 
Colpalgia, kol-pal'je-ah {colpo, algos, pain). Pain 
in the vagina. 
Colpantlon. Instrument used for irrigating the 
vagina. C., Littrb's, inguinal colotomy on the left 
side. 
Colpatresia, kolp-at-re'ze-ah {colpo, atretos, without 
opening). Imperforation of the vagina. 
Colpectasia, kolp-ek-taz'e-ah {kolpos, vagina, ektasis, 
distension). Condition of the vagina in which marked 
dilatation exists. 
Colpemphracticus, kolp-em-frak'tik-us. Relating 
to or suffering with colpemphraxis. 
Colpemphraxis, kolp-em-fraks'is {colpo, emphrasis, 
obstruction). Obstruction of the vagina by foreign 
bodies. 
Colpeurynter, kolp-u-rin'tur {colpo, euruno, to di- 
late, to enlarge). Speculum vaginae; also an instru- 
ment for dilating the os uteri and upper part of the 
vagina. The operation is called Colpeurysis. 
Colpeurysis, kolp-u'ris-is. Distension of the vagina 
by means of the colpeurynter. 
Colp'icus. Vaginal. 
Colpitis, kolp-e'tis. Inflammation of the vagina. 
Colpo, kol'po {kolpos, vagina). In composition, va- 
gina. 
Colpoblennozemia, kolp-o-blen-no-zem'e-ah {colpo, 
blenna, mucus). Blennorrhoea of the vagina. 
Colpocace, kolp-ok'as-e {colpo, Icakos, evil). Putres- 
cency or gangrene of the vagina and labia. C. in- 
fanti'lls, gangrene or putrescency of the vagina 
and genitals in young children. C. puerpera'rum, 
sloughing of the vagina and genitals in puerperal 
women. 
Colpocele, kolp-o-se'le (Eng. kolp'o-seel) {colpo, kele, 
rupture). Vaginal hernia; elytrocele. 
Colpocleisis, kolp-o-kleis'is {kolpos, kleisis, closure). 
Operation for occlusion of the vagina. 
Colpocystarchosyrinx, kolp-o-sist-ark-o-sir'inks 
{kolpos, kustis, bladder, archos, rectum, surinx, passage). 
Fistula of the vagina, bladder, and rectum. 
Colpocystic, kolp-o-sis'tik {kolpos, vagina, kustis, 
bladder). Relating to the vagina and bladder. 
Colpocystitic, kolp-o-sist-it'ik. Relating to, or suf- 
fering with, colpocystitis. 
Colpocystitls, kolp-o-sis-te'tis {kolpos, vagina, kustis, 
bladder). Inflammation of the vagina and bladder. 
Colpocystocele, kolp-o-sis-to-se'le (Eng. kolp-o-sis'- 
to-seel) {kolpos, vagina, kustis, bladder, kele, rupture). 
Intrusion or prolapse of the bladder into the vagina. 
Colpocystosyr'inx {kolpos, kustis, bladder, surinx, 
passage). Fistula communicating with the bladder 
and vagina. 
Colpocystotomy, kolp-o-sis-tot'om-e {colpo, kustis, 
bladder, tome, incision). Operation for buttonholing 
the bladder by suturing its mucous membrane to that 
of the vagina. Lithotomy through the vagina. 
Colpodesmorraphia, kolp-o-dez-mor-raf'e-ah {colpo, 
desmos, ligament, rhaphe, suture). Removal of a part 
257 
r COLUMBARIUM 
of the mucous membrane of the vagina for the radical 
cure of prolapse of the vagina and uterus. 
Colpoedema, kolp-e-de'mah (colpo, oidema, swelling). 
(Edema of the vagina. 
Colpohyperplasia, kolp-o-hip-ur-plaz'e-ah. Thick- 
ening of the vaginal mucous membrane accompanied 
with increased secretion of mucus. 
Colpoklei'sis. Colpocleisis. 
Colpoleucorrhcea, kolp-o-luke-or-rhe'ah (colpo, va- 
gina, leukos, white, rheo, to flow). Vaginal leucorrhcea. 
Colpomyotomy, kolp-o-my-ot'o-me (colpo, mus, mus- 
cle, tome, incision). Excision of a tumor through the 
muscular wall of the vagina; removal of a myoma- 
tous tumor through the vagina. 
Colpopathi'a. Colpopathy. 
Colpopathy, kolp-op'ath-e (kolpos, vagina, pathos, 
disease). Any disease affecting the vagina. 
Colpoperine'oplasty (colpo, perineum, plasso, to 
form). Plastic operation for repair of lesions of the 
vagina and perineum. 
Colpoperineorrhaphy, kolp-o-per-in-e-or'rhaph-e 
(colpo, perineum, rhaphe, suture). Operation by suture 
to preserve the vaginal mucous membrane as much as 
possible, and to form a projecting ridge or crest along 
the middle of the posterior column of the vagina, 
which will act as a column of support and hold up the 
anterior wall and the bladder. 
Colpophleghymenitis, kolp-o-fleg-him-en-e'tis (coZ- 
po, phlegma, mucus, humen, membrane, itis). Inflam- 
mation of the lining membrane of the vagina. 
Colpopolypus, kolp-o-pol'ip-us (kolpos, vagina, poly- 
pus). Vaginal polypus. 
Colpoptosis, kolp-op-to'sis (colpo, ptosis, fall). Pro- 
lapsus vaginae. 
Colporrhagia, kolp-or-rhaj'e-ah (colpo, rhegnumi, to 
break forth). Discharge of blood from the vagina. 
Colporrhaphe, kolp-or'rhaf-e (colpo, rhaphe, suture). 
Operation of closing the vagina by suture; elytror- 
rhaphy. 
Colporrhexis, kolp-or-rheks'is (colpo, rhexis, rup- 
ture). Rupture of the vagina; discharge of blood 
from the vagina. 
Colporrhoea, kolp-or-rhe'ah (colpo, rheo, to flow). 
Leucorrhcea. 
Colposis, kolp-o'sis (kolpos, vagina). Inflammation 
of the vagina. Synonymous with Elytroitis, Elytri- 
tis, Coleitis, Colpitis, Vaginitis. See Leucorrhcea. 
Colpospasmus, kolp-o-spaz'mus (kolpos, spasmos, 
spasm). Spasm of the vagina. 
Colpospastic, kolp-o-spas'tik. Relating to or af- 
fected with colpospasmus. 
Colpostegnosis, kolp-o-steg-no'sis (colpo, stegnoo, to 
close). Atresia or narrowness or obliteration of the 
vagina. 
Colpostenochoria, kolp-o-sten-o-kor'e-ah (colpo, ste- 
nos, narrow, choros, space). Atresia or narrowness or 
obliteration of the vagina. 
Colpostenosis, kolp-o-sten-o'sis. Narrowing or con- 
striction of the vagina. 
Colposynizesis, kolp-o-sin-iz-e'sis (colpo, sunizesis, 
falling together). Atresia or narrowness or oblitera- 
tion of the vagina. 
Colpotomy, kolp-ot'o-me (colpo, tome, incision). In- 
cision of the vagina in parturition. 
Colpoxerosis, kolp-o-zer-o'sis (kolpos, xerosis, dry- 
ness.) Abnormal dryness of the vagina. 
Colpus, kol'pus (kolpos). Vagina; mamma; sinus. 
Colt's foot. Asarum Canadense; tussilago. 
Coluber (kol'u-bur) (serpent) berus. Systematic 
name of the viper, Vipera, class Reptilia, ord. Ophidia. 
Poisonous reptile; the flesh is innocent, and has been 
used in scrofula and in cutaneous disorders. 
Colubrina, koi - u - bre' nah. Polygonum bistorta. 
C. dracon'tia, Arum dracunculus. C. Lusitan'ica, 
Euphorbia capitata. C. rectina'ta, source of mabee- 
bark; employed in the West Indies in fevers and as 
a stomachic. C. Virginia'na, Aristolochia serpentaria. 
Colum, ko'lum. Colon; also a strainer or filter. 
Columbarium, kol-um-bah're-um. A place used 
for keeping vases in which are contained the ashes 
of cremated bodies. COLUMBIAN BARK ' 
Colum'bian bark. Carthagena bark. 
Columbine, kol'um-bine. Aquilegia vulgaris. C., 
wild, Aquilegia Canadensis. 
Columbo, kol-um'bo. Calumba. C., Amer'ican, see 
Calumba. C., Marietta, see Calumba. 
Columella, kol-u-mel'lah (dim. of Columna). Pillar; 
uvula. C. coch'le®, modiolus. 
Column, kol'um. See Columna, Columnse, and Col- 
umns. C., spi'nal, spinal or vertebral column. 
Columna, kol-um'nah. Column. Anatomists use 
this word for parts resembling a column or pillar; 
hence, for the penis. C. ad'stans inguin'ibus, penis. 
C. dor'si, vertebral column. C. foram'inis ova'lis, 
see Ovalis fossa. C. for'nicis, see Fornix. C. me'dia, 
see Thyroid gland. C. na'si, cartilaginous part of 
septum of the nostrils; see Nares. C. o'ris, uvula. 
C. spina'lis, vertebral column. C. val'vul® Vieus- 
sen'ii, see Valvula Vieussenii. C. vertebra'lis, verte- 
bral column. C. virginita'tis, hymen. 
Column® (kol-um'ne) adipo's®. See Fat-columns. 
C. Berti'ni, Columns of Bertin, Septula renum; processes 
of cortical substance of the kidney which extend be- 
tween the pyramids of Malpighi as far as the hilus. 
C. car'ne® (fleshy columns), small fleshy columns, 
which project, more or less, into the auricles and ven- 
tricles of the heart, whose use appears to be to prevent 
too great dilatation of those cavities. A few of these 
columnse are attached by one extremity to the walls 
of the heart, and by the other give insertion to 
chord® tendin®. See Musculi papillares and Carneous 
columns. C. car'ne® of the rec'tum, see Rectum. C. 
car'neo-papillo's®, columns of the vagina. C. cor'- 
dis, column® carne®. C. for'nicis, pillars of the for- 
nix. C. Morgagn'i, see Rectum. C. papilla'res, see 
Columnse carnese. C. plica'rum, foliate papill® of the 
tongue; columns of the vagina. C. rec'ti, column® 
Morgagni. C. vagina'les, columns of the vagina. 
Columnar, kol-um'nar. Resembling a column. C. 
epithe'lium, see Epithelium. 
Columnea (kol-um'ne-ah) longifo'lia. Bahel. 
Columning (kol'um-ing) the vagi'na. Introduc- 
tion of tampon or sponges in oiled silk bag into the 
vagina for the purpose of giving support to the vagi- 
nal walls, and to elevate the uterus when prolapsed. 
Columns (kol'umz) of Bertin. Column® Bertini. 
C. of Bur'dach, columns of Goll. C., car'neous, see 
Columnse carnese. C. of Clarke, a mass of cells restricted 
to the dorsal region of the spinal cord, lying to the 
side and a little back of the central canal. C., cu'- 
neiform, columns of Goll. C. of Goll, C. of Burdach, 
Cuneiform columns; bundle of small wedge-shaped 
fibres of white substance in the median subdivision 
of the posterior columns of the spinal cord. C. of 
Morgagn'i or of the rec'tum, see Rectum. C., poste'- 
rior me'dian (of the medulla oblongata), funiculi 
graciles. C. of the spi'nal cord, see Spinal cord. C. 
of the spi'nal mar'row, see Vertebral nerves. C. of 
Tiirck, antero-lateral column of spinal cord situated 
between the anterior median fissure and the nerve- 
roots. C. of the vagi'na, see Vagina. 
Colus Jovis, ko'lus jo'vis (staff of Jove). Salvia 
sclarea. 
Colustrum, kol-us'trum. Colostrum. 
Colu'tea arbores'cens. Bladder senna; ord. Legu- 
minos®; leaves are slightly purgative, and are often 
mixed with those of the Cassia senna. C. aper'ta, 
species having purgative leaves. C. cruen'ta, Colutea 
aperta. C. hirsu'ta, Colutea arborescens. C. orien- 
ta'lis, Colutea aperta. C. vesica'ria, Colutea arbo- 
rescens. 
Colymbades, koi - im' bad - es (pl. of Colymbas). 
Pickled olives; these, when bruised and applied to a 
burnt part, were supposed to be able to prevent vesi- 
cation. 
Colymbethra, kol-im-beth'rah. Swimming bath. 
Colymbiferah (kol-im-bif'er-ah) mi'nor. Mentha 
crispa. 
Colythrum (kol-ith'rum). Esenbeckia febrifuga. 
Colza (kol'zah) oil. Variety of rape-seed oil. 
Com. As a prefix, like cum, with. 
Co'ma. A profound soporous condition, from which 
258 
COMFIT 
at times it is extremely difficult to rouse the in- 
dividual; a symptom occurring in many diseases. 
Two varieties are distinguished : 1. Coma vigil, Typho- 
mania, which is accompanied with delirium. The pa- 
tient has his eyes closed, but opens them when called, 
and closes them again immediately; this state is ac- 
companied with considerable restlessness. 2. Coma 
somnolentum or comatodes, in which the patient speaks 
when roused, but remains silent and immovable in 
the intervals; coma is a deeper sleep than sopor, but 
less so than lethargy and carws. Also hair; capillus 
{komeo, to adorn). C. agrypno'des, see Coma. C., 
alcohol'ic, coma due to alcoholism. C., apoplec'tic, 
cerebral apoplexy. C. Csesa'rea, plica. C. comato'- 
des, see Coma. C., diabet'ic, variety of coma which 
generally ends fatally, occurring in the latter stage 
of diabetes mellitus. C. diacet'icum, coma due to 
ursemia. C., epilep'tic, period of unconsciousness 
occurring after an attack of epilepsy. 0., hyster- 
ical, form of coma sometimes occurring in hysterical 
attacks. C. somnolen'tum, somnolency; see Coma. 
C., uraem'ic, form of coma accompanying an uraemic 
seizure. C. vig'il, see Coma. 
Coma'con or Coma'cum. Myristica moschata. 
Comal, ko'mal {kome, hair). Having resemblance 
to a hair tuft. 
Comandra umbellata, kom-an'drah um-bel-lat'ah 
{kome, hair, andres, stamina, in reference to the hairy 
tufts attached to the anthers). Bastard toadflax. In- 
digenous; has been used in fevers by some Indian 
tribes. 
Comarum palustre, kom'ar-um pal-us'tre. Marsh 
cinquefoil. Indigenous plant; is possessed of astrin- 
gent virtues. 
Comarus, kom'ar-us. Arbutus unedo. 
Comata, ko'mat-ah {koma). Diseases characterized 
by diminution of the powers of voluntary motion, 
with sleep or impaired condition of the senses. 
Comate, ko'mate. Possessing long hair. 
Comatodes, ko-mat-o'dees. Comatose. 
Comatose, ko'mat-oze. Relating to or resembling 
coma, as comatose sleep, comatose fever, etc. 
Comatous, ko'mat-us. Resembling coma. 
Combre'tum Raimbault'ii. Plant of W. Africa, 
called kinkeibah; tonic, diuretic, emetic; used in 
hematuric bilious fever. 
Combustibility, preternatural, kom-bus-tib-il'it-e, 
pre-tur-nat'u-ral. Combustion, human. 
Combustio, kom-bus'te-o {comburo, to burn). Burn. 
C. sponta'nea, combustion, human. 
Combustion, human, kom-bust'yun, hu'man. Spon- 
taneous combustion or Preternatural combustibility. Rapid 
destruction of the human body by being reduced to 
ashes, either spontaneously or by the contact of an ig- 
nited substance. It is said to have occurred in the 
aged and in those who were fat and hard drinkers; 
in such a considerable quantity of oil was found in 
the serum of the blood. 
Combustura, kom-bus-tu'rah. Burn. 
Comedones, kom-ed-o'nees (pl. of Comedo) {comedo, 
to waste ; to devour). See Acne. 
Comenic acid, kom-en'ik as'id. A derivative of 
meconic acid. 
Come's arsen'ical pow'der. See Powder, arsenical, 
of Come. 
Comes, ko'mes {comes, associate). Term applied to 
subsidiary vessels. C. archiatrozrum, see Exarchiater. 
C. ner'vi ischiad'ici, branch from sciatic artery to 
great sciatic nerve. C. n. media'ni, branch from an- 
terior interosseous artery to median nerve. C. n. 
phren'ici, small branch of the internal mammary 
artery, arising from that vessel where it enters the 
chest, and descending to the diaphragm with the 
phrenic nerve. 
Comestible, kom-es'tib'l {com, edo, to eat). Edible. 
When this word is used substantively in French as 
in English, it means solid food. 
Cometocora, kom-et-ok'or-ah {cometes, comet, kore, 
pupil). Term applied to the different shapes of the 
pupil in coloboma of the iris. 
Comfit, kum'fit {conficio, to make). Confection. COMFREY 
Comfrey, kum'fre. Symphytum. C., spot'ted, 
pulmonaria. C., wild, Cynoglossum Virginicum. 
Comiste, kom-is'te. Aliment. 
Com'ma bacil'lus. Spirillum choleras Asiatic®. C. 
tract, tract situated, in the middle of the external 
posterior column of the spinal cord in the cervical 
and thoracic regions. 
Commanducatio, kom-man-du-kah'she-o (com, man- 
duco, to chew). Mastication. 
Commelyna medica, kom-mel-i'na med'ik-ah. 
Aneilema medica; tubers are employed in disorders 
of the liver and chest. 
Commemorative, kom-mem'or-a-tiv (commemoro, 
to cause to remember). That which recalls, or rather 
which is recalled. C. signs are those deduced from 
circumstances which have gone before; or rather, 
according to others, those which point out the pre- 
ceding condition of the patient. They are also called 
Anamnestic signs. 
Commensum, kom-men'sum (com, metior, to meas- 
ure). Symmetry. 
Commercium, kom-mur'se-um (communication) 
(com, merx, merchandise). Sympathy. 
Commi, kom'me. Gummi. 
Comminuted, kom'min-u-ted (comminuo, to break to 
pieces). Broken into pieces. A comminuted fracture 
is one in which the bone is broken into a number of 
pieces. 
Comminution, kom-min-u'shun (same etymon). 
Fracture of a bone into a number of pieces. 
Commiphora, kom-mif'or-ah (kommi, gum, phoreo, 
to bear). Balsamodendron. 
Commissura, kom-mis-su'rah (committo, to join to- 
gether). Articulation, commissure. C. al'ba ante'- 
rior or al'ba medul'l® spina'lis, white commissure 
of the spinal cord; band of nerve-fibres running along 
entire length of spinal cord, situated at bottom of an- 
terior median fissure. C. ansa'ta, fibres extending 
from lamina terminalis cinerea over chiasma opticum 
to tuber cinereum. C. ante'rior accesso'ria, anterior 
gray cornu of the spinal cord. C. ante'rior cer'ebri, 
commissure, anterior, of the brain. C. arcua'ta ante'- 
rior, librae arcuate orbitales of optic chiasm. C. ar- 
cua'ta poste'rior, fibr® arcuate cerebrales posteriores 
of optic chiasm. C. basa'lis, transverse fibres in tuber 
cinereum, uniting the two hemispheres. C. ba'seos 
al'ba, thin white lamella connecting the rostrum of cor- 
pus callosum with lamina cinerea. C. ba'seos gris'ea, 
gray matter forming floor of third ventricle. C. ba'sis 
sep'ti pellu'cidi, commissura baseos alba. C. bre'- 
vis, a lobule or prominence of the inferior vermiform 
process of the cerebellum, situate in the incisura pos- 
terior, below the horizontal fissure. C. cerebel'li, 
pons Varolii. C. cerebel'li ad cer'ebrum, superior 
peduncles of cerebellum. C. cer'ebri ante'rior, an- 
terior commissure of the brain; see Cerebral commis- 
sures. C. cer'ebri mag'na or maxima, corpus callo- 
sum. C. cer'ebri me'dia or mol'lis, middle commis- 
sure of the brain; see Cerebral commissures. C. cer'- 
ebri poste'rior, posterior commissure of the brain; 
see Cerebral commissures. C. cine'rea, gray commis- 
sure. C. crucia'ta, decussating fibres of optic tract. 
C. exter'na and inter'na, canthus of the eye. C. 
for'nicis, transverse band below crista fornicis. C. 
gris'ea, gray commissure; see Spinal commissures. C. 
gris'ea ante'rior, part of the gray commissure in 
front of central canal; see Spinal commissures. C. 
habena'rum, transverse fibres connecting the striae 
medullares above the ventriculus conarii. C-® 
hemisphaerio'rum, cerebral commissures. C. infe'- 
rior, Gudden's commissure. C. labio'rum, commis- 
sure of the lips. C. labio'rum o'ris, commissure of 
the lips. C. labio'rum puden'di, commissure of the 
vulva. C. lemnis'ci, fibres from deep layer of lem- 
niscus, decussating beneath the corpora quadrigemina. 
C. mag'na cerebri, corpus callosum. C. max'ima 
cerebri, corpus callosum. C. me'dia, middle com- 
missure ; see Cerebral commissures. C-® medul'l® 
spina'lis, spinal commissures. C. mol'lis, soft com- 
missure; see Cerebral commissures. C. ner'vea, syn- 
desmosis. C. oliva'rum, arcuate fibres apparently 
259 
' COMMUNICANS 
passing from one olivary body to the other. C. os'- 
sium car'nea, union of bones by means of muscles. 
C. palpebra'rum, commissure of eyelids. C. pedun- 
culo'rum cona'rii, commissura habenarum. C. pe- 
dunculo'rum sep'ti pellu'cldi, commissura baseos 
alba. C. poste'rior cer'ebri, commissure, posterior, 
of the brain. C. prosta'tse poste'rior, middle lobe of 
prostate. C-se puden'di, commissures of vulva. C. 
sim'plex, lobule on upper surface of vermis of cere- 
bellum, near posterior notch. C. ten'uis, folium 
cacuminis. C. transver'sa sulca'ta, ala uvulae. C-se 
vul'vse, commissures of vulva. 
Commissural, kom-mis-su'ral. Of or belonging to 
a commissure. 
Commissure, kom'is-ure. A point of union between 
two parts: thus the commissures of the eyelids, lips, 
etc. are the angles which they form at the place of 
union. See Fibres, converging. C., ante'rior, of the 
brain, small medullary fasciculus, situate transversely 
at the anterior part of the third ventricle, and uniting 
the two hemispheres. C-s of cerebel'lum, decussa- 
tions of white fibres occurring above roof nucleus 
(great anterior commissure) and in the posterior part 
of corpus trapezoides (posterior commissure). C. of 
the eye'lids, commissura palpebrarum ; union of lids 
at outer and inner angles of eye. C. of floc'culus, pe- 
dunculus flocculi; unites the flocculus with the pos- 
terior medullary velum. 0., great, of the brain, 
unites the two hemispheres for some extent, and is 
the Corpus callosum. C. of Gud'den, see Gudden's com- 
missure. C., intercer'ebral, see Valvula Vieussenii. C. 
of lips, place of union of lips at either angle of 
mouth. C. of Mey'nert, commissura basalis. C., mid'- 
dle, of the brain, layer of gray substance uniting 
the thalami optici. C., oblique', see Valvula Vieus- 
senii. C., op'tic, see Chiasm. C., poste'rior, of the 
brain, medullary band situate at the posterior part 
of the third or middle ventricle. C., short, lobule on 
inferior surface of vermis of cerebellum, in the in- 
cisura posterior. 0., soft, C., middle, of the brain. 
0. of spi'nal cord, see Spinal cord. C. of the u'vea, 
ciliary ligament. C-s of vul'va, places of union of 
labia majora, above and below. C. of Wer'nekinck, 
commissura lemnisci. 
Common, kom'un. Term applied to structures 
related to each other by position or function, of which 
there are many cases, as ductus choledochus com- 
munis, etc. 
Commosis, kom-mo'sis (komeo, to adorn). The art 
of concealing natural deformities, as by painting the 
face. See also Propolis. 
Commotice, kom-mo'tis-e (kommotike, techne). Art 
of communicating factitious beauty to a person; paint- 
ing the face. 
Commotio, kom-mo'she-o (com, motio). Motion, 
concussion. C. cer'ebri, concussion of the brain. C. 
ret'inse, oedema of the retina due to traumatism. 
Commotion, kom-mo'shun. Concussion. 
Communicable, kom-mu'nik-a'bl (communicans, 
habilis, able). See Contagious. 
Communicans, kommu'nik-ans (communico, to com- 
municate). That which communicates or estab- 
lishes a communication. Communicant, as the two 
Arteries communicantes, within the cranium-the one 
anterior, very short, and extending transversely 
from one anterior cerebral artery to the other; the 
other posterior, called Communicans Willisii, passing 
from the internal carotid to the posterior cerebral 
artery. It is a branch of the basilary. C. no'ni, 
long, slender, nervous branch, formed by filaments 
from the first, second, and third cervical nerves, 
descending upon the outer side of the internal jugular 
vein, and forming a loop with the descendens noni 
over the sheath of the carotids. C. perone'i, see 
Communicans poplitei. C. poplite'i, large nerve aris- 
ing from the popliteal, and, at a variable distance 
below the articulation of the knee, receiving the com- 
municans peronei from the peroneal nerve, the two 
forming the external saphenous nerve. C. tibia'lis, 
communicans poplitei, Q. Willis'ii, see Artery (table) 
and Communicans, COMMUNICATING 
Communicating, kom-mu'ni-ka-ting. Establishing 
communication. See Communicans. 
Commutator, kom'mu-ta-tor (commuto, to exchange). 
A device for alternating in direction a galvanic cur- 
rent, with any desired frequency. 
Comose, ko'moze. Profuse in hair. 
Comp. See Abbreviation. 
Compact, kom-pakt' (com, pango, to strike, to fix). 
Solid, close. The term Compact tissue is given to the 
hardest and closest parts of bone. 
Compages, kom-pa'jes (setting together). Articu- 
lation, commissure. C. os'sium per lin'eam sim'pli- 
cem, harmony. C. vertebra'rum, vertebral column. 
Compaginatio, kom-paj-in-ah'she-o. Commissure. 
Compass (kum'pas) plant (so called from its leaves 
pointing, quite uniformly, north and south). Silphium 
lanciniatum. 
Compassio, kom-pas'se-o (com, patior, passus, to suf- 
fer). Sympathy. 
Compatibility, kom-pat-i-bil'it-e. Quality of being 
compatible. 
Compatible, kom-pat'ib'l. A substance which can 
be prescribed with another without interfering with 
its chemical composition or medicinal activity. 
Compeba, kom'pe-bah. Piper cubeba. 
Compelled move'ments. Involuntary movements. 
Compensation, kom-pen-sa'shun (com, penso, to 
weigh). Increase in size and power of some of the 
cavities of the heart, so that the arteries receive their 
full supply of blood, in spite of valvular or other ob- 
struction or of regurgitation. C., lost, a reverse con- 
dition of that just described, the heart being unable 
to fully supply the arteries, and pulmonary and 
venous congestion resulting. Balancement. 
Compensatory, kom-pen'sa-to-re. Acting as a sub- 
stitute for that which is absent. 
Compeper, kom'pep-ur. Piper cubeba. 
Compernis, kom-pur'nis. One who has his knees 
turned inward; a case of distortion of the legs. 
Competentia membrorum omnium, kom-pe-ten'- 
she-ah mem-bro'rum om'ne-um (fitness of all the 
members). Symmetry. 
Com'piper. Piper cubeba. 
Complaint' (com, plango, to beat the breast for 
grief). Disease, C., bow'el, diarrhoea. C., fam'ily, 
see Hereditary, C., sum'mer, cholera infantum. 
Complemental (kom-ple-men'tal) air (com, pleo, to 
fill). See Respiration. 
Complementary (kom-ple-men'ta-re) air. See 
Respiration. C. col'ors, see Colors. 
Completio, kom-ple'she-o. Plethora. 
Com'plex (com, plecto, to twist). Embracing several 
distinct things; complicated. 
Complexio, kom-pleks'e-o. Coition; complexion ; 
confusion; temperament. 
Complexion, kom-plek'shun. Often employed to 
denote the color of the face, as "a good complexion," 
"a sallow complexion," etc. It formerly had a more 
extensive signification, as where Hamlet says, "To 
this complexion do we come at last," and still has 
in France. It signifies the aggregate of physical 
characters presented by any individual considered 
with respect to his external arrangement or condition. 
It means more than constitution, for w'hich it is used 
synonymously in many cases, and differs from 
temperament, which is less the external condition of 
the body than the state or disposition of the organs 
in health. 
Complexus, kom-pleks'us. Complex. C. ma'jor, 
C. musculus. C. mi'nor arises from the transverse 
processes of the last four cervical vertebne, and is 
inserted into the mastoid process. C. mus'culus, 
muscle situate at the hind part of the neck, extend- 
ing from the interval that separates the two promi- 
nent ridges on the posterior surface of the os occipitis 
to the transverse and articular processes of the six 
cervical vertebrae, as well as to those of the first five 
dorsal. It serves to straighten, incline, and turn the 
head. 
Complication, kom - pli - ka' shun (com, plico, to 
fold). In medicine, the presence of several diseases, 
260 
COMPRESSION 
morbi complicati or perplexi, or of several adventitious 
circumstances foreign to the primary disease. 
Component, kom-po'nent. Forming a portion of 
another composite. 
Composite, kom'poz-it. Made up of several sub- 
stances. See Composition. C. mar'ginal cells, see 
Crescents of Gianuzzi. 
Composition, kom-po-zish'un (compowo, to place to- 
gether). The act of composing or compounding-of 
medicines, for example; also, the Compound, Compos- 
itum, or thing compounded. Likewise, a combination. 
Compositor's (kom-poz'it-or's) cramp. See Cramp, 
writer's. 
Compositum, kom-poz'it-um. See Composition. 
Compound, kom-pownd'. To mix medicines. To 
mingle different ingredients into one whole. Used 
adjectively, compound signifies the result of the union 
of several medicinal agents, as a compound medicine, 
compound cathartic pills for example. C. frac'ture, 
see Fracture. 
Compounding, kom-pownd'ing. The pharmaceu- 
tical preparation of a prescription. 
Comprehensio, kom-pre-hen'se-o (com, prehendo, to 
take hold of). Catalepsy. 
Comprensio, kom-pren'se-o. Catalepsy. 
Compress, kom'pres (comprimo, to press together). 
Folded pieces of lint or rag, so contrived as, by the aid 
of a bandage, to make due pressure upon any part. 
According to their shape, direction, and use, com- 
presses have been called long, square, triangular, 
prismatic, graduated, split, oblique, circular, dividing, 
uniting, cribriform, fenestrated, etc. With the hydro- 
pathists it is a cloth, well wetted with cold water, 
applied to the surface near the supposed seat of dis- 
ease, securely covered with a dry cloth, and changed 
as often as it becomes dry. It is sometimes covered 
with a layer of oiled silk, to prevent evaporation. 
Compressed (kom-presd') air cure. See Atmosphere. 
C. sponge, sponge specially prepared for surgical 
tents. 
Compressio, kom-pres'se-o (same etymon as Com- 
press). Compression; constriction by external means. 
Compression, kom-presh'un (same etymon). Pres- 
sure ; methodical compression, an agent frequently 
had recourse to in surgery. We compress a limb 
affected with oedema, varices, hydrops articuli, callous 
ulcer, etc. The abdomen is compressed after delivery, 
after paracentesis abdominis, etc. The compression 
is produced by means of the roller, laced stocking, 
etc., according to the part and to the particular case. 
Moderate pressure aids the contractility of parts and 
modifies their nutritive action, so that large tumors 
at times disappear after it has been used for some 
time. A greater degree of pressure occasions, still 
more, the emaciation of the part, but is apt to im- 
pede the circulation. Pressure is often used to stop 
or moderate the flow of blood in cases of aneurism or 
wounds of arteries and veins. In such cases the com- 
pression may be immediate, when applied upon the 
artery itself, or it may be mediate, when applied 
through the integuments and soft parts. Methodical 
compression is pressure applied secundum artem. Digi- 
tal compression is pressure made by the fingers. 
Compression of the brain may arise from coagula 
of blood, soft tumor, bony excrescence, depressed por- 
tion of the skull, or the presence of some foreign body. 
The effects vary according as the compression takes 
place suddenly or gradually: when suddenly, the 
symptoms are of the comatose or apoplectic character; 
when gradually, mania, convulsions, etc. are more 
likely to occur. Compression arising from a depressed 
portion of skull requires the use of the trephine, but 
surgical interference is not always practical or judi- 
cious. In local suppuration, however, when the mat- 
ter is collected between the bone and dura mater or 
in the cavity of the arachnoid, good results may fol- 
low from puncturing. Compression may also be 
caused by sudden hemorrhage in the interior of the 
brain, as from the lenticulo-striate artery, the artery 
of cerebral hemorrhage of Charcot, or the middle 
meningeal artery. COMPRESSIVE 
The following table gives the differential diagnosis 
of compression and concussion of the brain (Roberts): 
261 
CONCEPTION 
and astringent properties, and is used as a domestic 
remedy in diarrhoea, etc., in the form of decoction. 
Compunctio, kom-punk'she-o (com, pungo, to punc- 
ture). Paracentesis; puncturing. 
Con, kon, as a prefix, like cum, with. 
Conaesthesis, kon-es-the'sis. See Coeneesthesis. 
Conamarin, kon-am-ar'in (koneion, conium, amarus, 
bitter). Bitter principle of Conium maculatum. 
Conarial tube, kon-a're-al. Hollow stalk of pineal 
gland in early embryo. 
Conario-hypophysial, kon-a're-o-hy-po-fiz'e-al. Re- 
lating to the pineal gland and pituitary body. 
Conarlum, kon-ah're-um (konos, cone). Pineal 
gland. 
Conatus, kon-at'us (conor, to endeavor). Effort. 
Concarnatio, kon-kar-nah'she-o (con, caro, flesh). 
Union of bones by means of muscles. 
Concassation, kon-kas-sa'shun. Pharmaceutical 
process for reducing roots, woods, etc. into small 
fragments, in order that their active principles may 
be more readily separated from them. 
Concatenate, kon-kat'en-ate (con, with, catena, a 
chain). In a linked condition. 
Concausa (kon-kaws'ah) or Concaus'sa (con, causa'). 
A cause which co-operates with another in the pro- 
duction of disease. 
Concavation, kon-kav-a'shun. Anterior gibbosity, 
or projection of the sternum forward. 
Con'cave. Hollow and curved. 
Concavitas conchularis cerebri, kon-kav'it-as kon- 
ku-la'ris ser'e-bre. Infundibulum of the brain. C. 
u'teri, cavity of the uterus. 
Concavity, kon-kav'it-e. Hollowness. 
Concavo-concave, kon-kav'o-kon'kave. Concave 
on opposite sides. 
Concavo-convex, kon-kav'o-kon'veks. Concave on 
one side and convex on the other. 
Concavum pedis, kon-kav'um pe'dis (con, cavus, 
hollow). Sole. 
Concentrantia, kon-sen-tran'she-ah (con, centrum, 
centre). Name once given to absorbents of acids. 
Concentrated, kon'sen-tra-ted. Term applied to 
solutions that are strong in ingredients, or in which 
the fluid takes up every part of the ingredient that is 
soluble. 
Concentration, kon-sen-tra'shun. Evaporation of 
part of the fluid portion of a mixture, by which the 
latter gains relative strength. Word sometimes used 
in medical theories to express an afflux of fluids, or 
a convergence of sensibility or of vital force, toward 
an organ. Pulsation of arteries when not easily felt 
under the finger. 
Concentric, kon-sen'trik. Peripheries having a 
common centre; a term sometimes applied to a series 
of circles so arranged. 
Concept, kon'sept. A definite form of thought. 
Conceptacula (pl. of Conceptaculum) seminaria, 
kon-sep-tak'u-lah sem-in-ah're-ah. Vesiculae semin- 
ariaj or seminales. 
Conceptaculum, kon-sep-tak'ul-um (receptacle). 
Uterus; vessel. 
Conceptio, kon-sep'she-o. Conception. C. vitio'sa, 
pregnancy, extra-uterine. 
Conception, kon-sep'shun (concipio, to bring to- 
gether). Impregnation of the ovum by the positive 
contact of the male sperm, whence results a new 
being. The whole subject of conception is most 
mysterious. It seems to occur as follows: During 
the sexual union the male sperm passes along the 
uterus and Fallopian tubes, the fimbriated extremi- 
ties of the latter seize hold of the ovarium, and 
the sperm in this manner comes in contact with a 
matured ovum and impregnates it. The fecun- 
dated ovum remains some time in the ovarium, but 
at length bursts its covering, is held by the fim- 
briated extremity of the Fallopian tubes, and passes 
along the tube into the cavity of the uterus, where it 
remains for the full period of utero-gestation. Some 
are of opinion that the ovum is not impregnated until 
it has entered the Fallopian tube or uterus.. C., im- 
pel 'ative, mental condition observed to exist among 
Compression. 
1. Symptoms may not be im- 
mediate after injury. 
2. Complete unconsciousness 
and total insensibility to 
impressions upon organs 
of sense. 
3. Respiration slow, stertor- 
ous, and puffing. 
4. Pulse slow and full. 
5. No vomiting. 
6. Retention of urine, and 
often of feces. 
7. Paralysis, usually hemi- 
plegia, of opposite side. 
8. Pupils insensible to light. 
9. Deglutition impossible. 
Contusion or Laceration (Con- 
cussion). 
Symptoms always immedi- 
ate. 
Partial unconsciousness, and 
only impaired sensibility 
to impressions upon organs 
of sense. 
Respiration quiet. 
Pulse frequent and feeble. 
Sometimes vomiting. 
Incontinence of urine and 
feces. 
No paralysis. 
Pupils react somewhat to 
light. 
Deglutition possible. 
C. myeli'tis, see Myelitis. 
Compressive, kom-pres'siv. That which com- 
presses ; a compressive bandage is one that compresses 
the parts to which it is applied. 
Compressor, kom-pres'sor. Anything that exerts 
the force of compression, as a muscle or surgical in- 
strument or an arterial compressor. C. bul'bi, accel- 
erator urinte. C. b. pro'prius, deep layer of bulbo-cav- 
ernosus, situated directly over the bulb of the ure- 
thra. C. or Compresso'rium of Dupuy'tren, instru- 
ment for compressing the femoral artery, invented by 
Dupuytren, constructed on the same principles as the 
tourniquet of J. L. Petit. C. hemisphaerio'rum bul'- 
bi, compressor bulbi proprius. C. la'bii, musculus 
labii proprius; fibres of orbicularis oris muscle. C. 
laryn'gis, group of muscles, regarded as a whole, 
situated between wings of thyroid cartilage and cri- 
coid cartilage. C. len'tis, see Ciliary muscle. C. na'- 
ris, muscle situate at the sides of the nose; flat and 
triangular; arises from the inner part of the fossa 
canina, and passes to the dorsum of the nose, where 
it is confounded with that of the opposite side. C. 
na'si, compressor naris. C. or Constrictor of Nuck, 
instrument for compressing the urethra to obviate 
incontinence of urine; consists of a girdle of 
iron, which surrounds the pelvis, to which is fixed 
a plate of the same metal, that compresses the 
urethra in perinseo. C. prostates, muscle, ad- 
mitted by Albinus, which is formed of the anterior 
fibres of the levator ani, that embrace the pros- 
tate; it is the Prostaticus superior of Winslow. C. 
sac'culi laryn'gis, see Sacculus laryngis. C. tu'bae Eu- 
stacii'ii, levator veli palati. C. ure'three, muscle con- 
sisting of two portions-one of which is transverse 
in its direction, and, in consequence of its having 
been particularly described by Mr. Guthrie, has been 
called Guthrie's muscle; arises from the ramus of the 
ischium, and passes inward to embrace the mem- 
branous urethra. The other portion is perpendicular, 
descending from the pubis and passing down to be 
inserted into the transverse portion of the muscle- 
Pubio-urethralis. This portion has been considered by 
many to be only the anterior fibres of the levator 
ani, and, having been described by Mr. Wilson, it has 
been called Wilson's muscle. C. ve'nse dorsa'lis pe'- 
nis, small muscle distinctly seen in animals, less dis- 
tinctly in man, which arises from the ramus of the 
pubis, and, ascending in a direction forward, is inserted 
above the vena dorsalis, joining with its fellow of the 
opposite side on the mesial line. Its use is supposed 
to compress the vein in erection. It is sometimes 
called the muscle of Houston, after Dr. Houston of 
Dublin. C. vesic'ulae et duc'tus semina'lis, mus- 
cular coat surrounding the vesiculse seminales and 
vas deferens. 
Compressorium, kom-pres-so're-um. Compressor. 
Comptonia asplenifolia, komp-to'ne-ah as-plen-e- 
fo'le-ah (after Compton, bishop of London). Sweet fern, 
Shrubby sweet fern, Sweet bush, Fern bush, Fern gale, 
Spleenwort bush, Meadow fern, Astringent root. Indig- 
enous shrubby plant which grows in sandy or stony 
woods from New England to Virginia. Possesses tonic CONCEPTUS 
lunatics, in which they entertain the most erratic 
ideas and often commit violence. 
Conceptus, kon-sep'tus. First rudiments of the 
foetus after conception. Also, conception. C. falz- 
sus, conception, false. 
Concha (kon'kah) or Con'chus (konche, konchos, con- 
cave shell). Liquid measure among the Athenians, 
equal to half an ounce. Anatomists apply this term 
to several hollow parts of the body, as the Concha of 
the ear-Concha auris, Concha auriculae, Fossa conchae- 
the hollow part of the cartilage of the external ear, 
with which the external auditory canal commences. 
The root of the helix divides it into two portions, the 
upper and smaller of which is the cymba. The term 
has also been applied to the genital organs of the fe- 
male, to the patella, and turbinated bone (middle). C. 
au'ris inter'na, cochlea. C. cer'ebri, infundibulum of 
the brain. C. ge'nu, patella. C., infe'rior, turbinated 
bone (inferior). C. labyrin'thi, cochlea. C. Morgagni- 
a'na, turbinated bone (superior). C. na'rium superior, 
turbinated bone (superior). C. Santonia'na, small bone 
of the nose occasionally met with, situated above the 
superior turbinated bone. C. sphenoida'lis, sphenoidal 
turbinated bone. C. supre'ma, C. Santoniana. 
Conchse, kon'ke. See Ostrea. C. na'rium, tur- 
binated bones. C. prepara'tse, burned oyster-shells. 
C. ven'eris, turbinated bones. 
Conchairamadine, kon-chair-am'ad-een. C22H26- 
N2O4 + H2O. Alkaloid from cinchona. 
Conchair amine, kon-chair'am-een. C22H26N2O4 + 
H2O + C2H6O. Alkaloid from cinchona-bark. 
Conchial, kon'ki-al. Eelating to concha of ear. 
Conchinamine, kon-kin'am-een. Quinidamine. 
Conchinine, kon'kin-een. Quinidine. 
Conchitis, kon-ke'tis. Inflammation of concha of ear. 
Conchohelix, kon-ko-he'liks. Small, fleshy fascic- 
ulus attached to the concha of the ear and helix; also 
called the small muscle of the helix. 
Chonchoid, kon'koid. Shell-like. 
Conchoid'al. Shell-like. 
Conchoscope, kon'ko-skope (concha, skopeo, to view). 
Speculum for examining the anterior and middle 
parts of the nose. 
Conchus, kon'kus (konchos, konche). Concha. Cra- 
nium. In the plural it means the orbitar cavities. 
C. oc'uli, orbit. 
Conchylia, kon-kil'e-ah (concha, shell). Turbinated 
bones. 
Concidentia, kon-sid-en'she-ah (con, cado, to fall). 
Collapse. 
Concilia (pl. of Concilium, union) corpora'lia, kon- 
sil'e-ah kor-po-ral'e-ah. Coition. 
Concilium, kon-sil'e-um. Milky plant referred to 
by Pliny as aphrodisiac and antiphthisical, considered 
to be a Campanula. 
Concineration, kon-sin-er-a'shun. Incineration. 
Concoagulate, kon-ko-ag'u-late. Curdled. 
Concocted, kon-kok'ted (con, coquo, to boil). Brought 
to maturity; ripe; concocted; digested. 
Concoctio, kon-kok'she-o. Coction. C. tar'da, dys- 
pepsia. 
Concoction, kon-kok'shun. Coction. 
Concomitans, kon-kom'it-ans. Concomitant. 
Concomitant, kon-kom'it-ant (con, comito, to go 
with). That which accompanies, as a symptom accom- 
panying others. 
Concrematio, kon-kre-mah'she-o (con, cremo, to 
burn). Calcination. 
Concrementa (pl. of Concrementum) zoohylica, 
kon-kre-men'tah zo-o-hil'ik-ah. Concretions formed 
of animal matter. 
Concrementum, kon-kre-men'tum. Concretion. 
Concrescence, kon-kres'ence. Union. 
Concrescible, kon-kres'i-b'l. Capable of thickening 
or of forming a concrement. 
Concrete, kon'krete (concretus, compacted). Con- 
densed to solidity. 
Concretio, kon-kre'she-o. Adherence. See Concre- 
tion. C. palpebra'rum cum bul'bo oc'uli, preter- 
natural adhesion between the eyelids and the globe 
of the eye. 
262 
5 CONDIMENT 
Concretion, kon-kre'shun (concresco, con and cresco, 
to grow together, to become solid). The act of be- 
coming thick or solid. It was once used synonymously 
with adhesion or growing together-as concretion of 
the toes. Most commonly it is applied to extraneous 
and inorganic bodies, of a solid character, met with 
in different textures after certain chronic inflamma- 
tions, or which make their appearance in the joints 
or in the reservoirs for excrementitial fluids. They 
are calcareous, chalky, fibrinous, etc. Concretion is 
therefore frequently synonymous with calculus, but 
accidental ossifications or deposits of phosphates of 
lime-Calcareous concretions-in certain organs, and 
especially in the liver and lungs, are properly called 
osseous concretions; they could not well be called os- 
seous calculi. C., am/yloid, see Corpora amylacea. C., 
calca'reous, see Concretion. C., fi'brinous, pol'ypi- 
form, pol'ypous, or sanguin'eous, of the heart, see 
Polypus. C. intestina'lis, calculus of the stomach and 
intestines. C. of the ton'sils, caseous and calcareous 
concretions in the crypts or follicles of the tonsils, 
perhaps parasitic in origin generally. 
Concretiones alvinse, kon-kre-she-o'nees al-ve'ne. 
See Calculi of the stomach and intestines. 
Concubitus, kon-ku'bit-us (con, cubo, to lie). Coition. 
C. vene'reus, coition. 
Concursus, kon-kur'sus (concurro, to run, to meet 
together). The congeries or collection of symptoms 
which constitute and distinguish a particular dis- 
ease. 
Concus'conine. Alkaloid from some of the cinchona 
barks. 
Concussion, kon-kush'un. Commotion (concutio, con, 
quatio, to shake, to shake together). In surgery, it 
is used for the agitation often communicated to one 
organ by a fall upon another; as to the brain from a 
fall on the breech, etc. In all severe injuries, in 
sudden encephalic hemorrhage, and in overwhelming 
emotions a concussion or shock is felt to a greater or 
less extent in the nervous system, requiring the care- 
ful attention of the physician. C. of the brain some- 
times gives rise to alarming symptoms, even to 
abolition of the functions of the brain, yet without 
any sensible organic disease. Slight concussion of 
the brain, called stunning, consists in vertigo, tinnitus 
aurium, loss of memory, and stupefaction; all these 
being temporary. When more severe, there is in- 
stant loss of sensation and volition, vomiting, the 
patient being as if in a sound sleep, but there is no 
stertorous breathing; pulse variable, generally more 
rapid and feeble than in compression; extremities 
cold. (For table of differential diagnosis of compres- 
sion and concussion, see Compression.) Violent con- 
cussion of the spine, often produced by railway acci- 
dents, and the disabling effects thereof, have been 
collectively termed the Railway spine. C. cat'aract, 
form of cataract due to traumatism. C. myeli'tis, 
see Myelitis. 
Concussor, kon-kus'sor. Apparatus for stimulating 
muscles in a paralyzed condition. 
Concutiens, kon-ku'she-enz. Shaking. C. ca'put, 
intertransversalis colli muscles. 
Condaminea (kon-dam-in'e-ah) corymbo'sa. Tree 
of Peru; bark is employed as substitute for Peruvian 
bark. C. ve'ra, variety of Cinchona condaminea. 
Condensantia, kon-den-san'she-ah (con, denso, to 
thicken). Medicines esteemed proper for inspissating 
the humors. 
Condensatio, kon-den-sah'she-o. Condensation; 
stegnosis. 
Condensation, kon-den-sa'shun. Increase in density 
of the blood and other liquids, or of the solids which 
enter into the composition of the human body. 
Condenser, kon-den'sur. See. Alembic. C., Lieb'ig's, 
distillatory arrangement invented by Liebig, in which 
the tube conveying the vapor is made to pass through 
another tube, the calibre of which is such as to leave 
a space between the two, through which a stream of 
water may be made to run. 
Condiment, kon'dim-ent (condio, to season). Some 
substances are called, at times, Aliments, and at CONDITUM 
others, Condiments, according as they constitute the 
basis or the accessory to any dish; such are cream, 
butter, mushrooms, olives, etc. Others are always 
condiments, as they are only used to improve the sa- 
vor of food, and contain little or no nutritive matter; 
such are pepper, salt, cinnamon, etc. Almost all con- 
diments are possessed of stimulant properties. 
Conditum, kon-de'tum. Pharmaceutical compound 
of wine, honey, and some aromatics, especially pep- 
per ; also a confection. 
Conditura cadaverum, kon-dit-u'rah kad-av'er-um. 
Embalming. 
Conditus, kon-de'tus. Preserved, embalmed. 
Condom, kun'dum (from its proposer, Dr. Condom). 
Armor, French letter, Cytherean shield. Intestinum 
caecum of a sheep, properly prepared by removal of 
the mucous coat, so that it can be drawn over the penis 
prior to coition, to prevent venereal infection and 
pregnancy; condoms are also made of gold-beater's 
skin. 
Condrilla (kond-ril'lah) or Condril'lon. Gum resin 
obtained from Atractylis gummifera. 
Condrls, kon'dris. Chondrus. 
Conductio, kon-duk'she-o (con, duco, to lead). Tonic 
spasm; convulsion. 
Conduction, vibrations of, kon-duk'shun, vi-bra'- 
shuns. See Sound. 
Conductivity, kon-duk-tiv'it-e. The ability of 
some media to convey certain forces; as the nerves, 
nervous impulses, and metal electricity. C., specific, 
relative ability possessed by some substances for the 
conveying of certain forces. 
Conductor, kon-duk'tur. Director. That which 
conducts. The conductor was an instrument, formerly 
used in the high operation for the stone, for directing 
the forceps into the bladder. C., pin, instrument for 
conducting a long pin through tissues. C., sono'rous, 
name given to nerve-fibres in the floor of the fourth 
ventricle. 
Condurango, kon-du-ran'go. Cundurango. 
Condylar, kon'dil-ar (kondulos). Relating to a con- 
dyle. 
Condylarthrosis, kon-dil-ar-thro'sis (kondulos, con- 
dyle, arthron, joint). Articulation by condyles; an 
elongated head or condyle received into an elliptical 
cavity. 
Condyle, kon'dile (kondulos, knot, eminence). Ar- 
ticular eminence, round in one direction, flat in the 
other. A kind of process met with more particularly 
in the ginglymoid joints, such as the condyles of the 
occipital, inferior maxillary bone, etc. Some anat- 
omists have applied the term, however, to eminences 
that are not articular-as to the lateral tuberosities 
at the inferior extremity of the os humeri; and even 
to certain depressions-as to the concave articular 
surfaces at the upper extremity of the tibia. The 
transverse root of the zygomatic process has been 
called Condyle of the temporal bone. See Humerus. 
Condyll (pl. of Condylus) digitorum manus, kon'- 
dil-e dij-it-o'rum man'us. Phalanges of the fingers. 
C., exter'nal, of the fe'mur, rounded prominence on 
the outside of the lower part of the femur. C., e., of 
the hu'merus, see Humerus. C. fem'oris, condyles of 
the femur. C. of the infe'rior maxil'la, see Maxil- 
lary bone, inferior. C., inter'nal, of the fe'mur, see 
Condylus flexorius. C., 1., of the hu'merus, see Hu- 
merus. C., occip'ital, the two condyles with which 
the occipital bone is provided, and which articulate 
with the atlas. 
Condylius, kon-dil'e-us. Condyloid. 
Condylodes, kon-dil-o'des. Condyloid. 
Condyloid, kon'dil-oid (condyle, eidos, shape). 
Having the. shape of a condyle. C. foram'ina are 
distinguished into anterior and posterior. They are 
four in number, seated in the occipital bone; two 
anterior and two posterior to the condyles or condy- 
loid processes of the same bone, and to depressions 
which are called Fossee condyloidese. 
Condyloideo-coracoideus, kon-dil-o-e'de-o-kor-ak- 
o-e'de-us. Relating to the coracoid process and to head 
of scapula. 
263 
CONFECTIO 
Condyloma, kon-dil-o'mah (konduloma, a knot, an 
eminence). Soft, fleshy excrescence, of an indo- 
lent character, which appears near the orifice of the 
genital organs and rectum, and occasionally on the 
fingers and toes. It is a consequence of the syph- 
ilitic virus. Such tumors are also called Dermophymata 
venerea. They are also found in other parts of the 
body, as the scrotum, penis, mouth, tonsils, etc.-Mucous 
patches or Tubercles, Moist papules. The whitish pel- 
licle seen in the mouth especially is called the opaline 
patch. C. acumina'tum, cauliflower excrescence. C. 
cla'vus, condylomatous excrescence of the uterus. 
C. eleva'tum, C. acuminatum. C. endocys'ticum, 
molluscum contagiosum. C., flat, C. latum. C.i'ridis, 
iritis gummosa. C. la'tum, broad condylous syphilitic 
eruptions on the skin, contagious in character. C. por- 
cela'neum, molluscum contagiosum. C. subcuta'- 
neum, molluscum contagiosum. C. syphilit'icum, con- 
dyloma latum. C. ty'lus, tyloma. 
Condylosis, kon-dil-o'sis. Condyloma. 
Condylotomy, kon-dil-ot'o-me (Jcondulos, tome, in- 
cision). Excision of part of a condyle. 
Condylus, kon'dil-us (fcondwZos). Condyle. C. ex- 
ter'nus or extenso'rius hu'meri, external condyle of 
humerus. C. flexo'rius or inter'nus hu'meri, inter- 
nal condyle of humerus. C. latera'lis fem'oris, ex- 
ternal condyle of femur. C. 1. hu'meri, external con- 
dyle of humerus. C. media'lis fem'oris, internal 
condyle of femur. C. m. hu'meri, internal condyle 
of humerus. 
Condy's disinfecting liquid (kon'de's dis-in-fek'- 
ting lik'wid) or fluid. A 2 per cent, solution of potas- 
sium permanganate; good antibromic. Darby's fluid 
is a similar preparation. 
Conecphlogiscon, kon-ek-flo-jis'kon (konos, cone, 
ekphlogizo, to fire). Varicella accompanied by lesions 
of a conical shape. 
Cone-fl'bres. The processes connecting retinal 
cones with the outer molecular layer. 
Coneflower, kone'flow-ur. Eudbeckia laciniata. C., 
purple, Echinacea purpurea. 
Coneine, kon-e'een. Coniine. 
Coneion, ko-ni'on. Conium maculatum. 
Cones of kid'ney. Pyramids of Malpighi. C. of 
ret'ina, structure intermingled with rods, in columnar 
layer of retina. 
Conessi cortex, kone-es'se kor'teks. Nerium anti- 
dysentericum. 
Conessine, kone-es'seen. Alkaloid contained in bark 
of Nerium antidysentericum, Halarrhena Africana, 
and H. antidysenterica. Used in diarrhcea and dys- 
entery. 
Conessium, kone - es' se - um. Wrightia antidysen- 
terica. 
Conexio, kon-eks'e-o. Connexio. 
Confectio, kon - fek' she - o (conficio, to make up). 
Confection, comfit. In general, it means anything 
made up or preserved with sugar. In the pharma- 
copoeias of the United States, London, and Dublin it 
includes the articles before called electuaries and 
conserves. Confectio or confectum also means con- 
fectionery. C. alker'mes, alkermes. C. amygdala'- 
rum, almond confection, almond paste (sweet al- 
monds, gum acacia, white sugar); a good mode of 
keeping almonds in a state fit for making emul- 
sions. In the British Pharmacopoeia the ingredients 
are rubbed to a coarse powder, called pulvis amygdalae 
compositus, compound powder of almonds. C. archig'- 
eni (castor, long pepper, black pepper, storax, galba- 
num, costus, opium, saffron, syrup of wormwood); 
stimulant in nervous affections. C. aromat'ica, aro- 
matic confection, Sir Walter Ealeigh's cordial (aro- 
matic powder, clarified honey). Dose, Qj to 3j. Under 
the name pulvis cretae aromaticus, aromatic powder 
of chalk, the British Pharmacopoeia has a substitute 
for confectio aromatica, made by mixing prepared 
chalk, powdered cinnamon, nutmeg, saffron, cloves, 
cardamom seeds, and refined sugar, and passing the 
powder through a sieve. C. aurantio'rum or C. au- 
ran'tii cor'ticis, confection of orange or of orange- 
peel (sweet orange-peel, rectified sugar); stomachic and CONFECTION 
agreeable vehicle, corrigent, and adjuvant for other 
remedies; dose, §ss. C. cardi'aca, confectio aro- 
matica. C. cas'siae, cassia confection (cassia pulp, 
manna, tamarind pulp, syrup of roses); gently 
laxative; dose, C. cat'echu compos'ita, com- 
pound or confection of catechu (compound catechu 
powder and syrup, catechu, kino, cinnamon, nutmeg, 
opium, sherry, syrup of red roses). A grain of opium 
is contained in about 200 grains of the mass; dose, 
as an astringent, 3SS t° 5j- C. Damoc'ratis, mithri- 
date. C. Hamec, from an Arabian physician (yellow 
myrobalans, black myrobalans, violets, pulp of colo- 
cynth, polypodium of the oak, leaves of wormwood, 
thyme, aniseed, fennel, red roses, pulps of prunes, 
raisins, sugar, honey, senna, rhubarb, etc.); was used 
as a purgative in glysters. C. hyacin'thi, hyacinth 
confection; tonic and slightly astringent confection 
(terra sigillata, crabs' stones, cinnamon, leaves of dit- 
tany of Crete, myrrh, saffron, syrup of lemon, cam- 
phor, Narbonne honey, oil of lemon, hyacinth, etc.). 
C. o'pii (Ph. Br.) or opia'ta, opium confection (com- 
pound powder of opium, gr. c, syrup, gr. ccc); nar- 
cotic and stimulant; dose, gr. x. to $j. C. ex cap- 
it'ibus papav'eris, diacodium. C. Pa'uli'na, confectio 
archigeni. C. pi'peris (Ph. Br.), black pepper, cara- 
way fruit, clarified honey; dose, gr. Ix-cxx, three or 
four times a day; used for fistula. C. Raleigha'na, 
confectio aromatica. C. ro'sae, confection of red 
rose (red rose, powder, 8 p., sugar, in fine powder, 
64 p., clarified honey, 16 p., rose-water, 12 p., Ph. 
U. S.); astringent, and chiefly used as a vehicle for 
other remedies. C. ro'sae cani'nae (Ph. Br.), confec- 
tion or conserve of dog rose or hips (pulp of dog rose, 
refined sugar); acidulous and refrigerant; chiefly 
used as a vehicle for other remedies. C. ru'tae, con- 
fection of rue (rue leaves, caraway seeds, bay berries, 
sagapenum, black pepper, honey). Given in clysters 
as an antispasmodic and carminative. C. de san'- 
talis, confection of sanders; formerly used as an as- 
tringent. C. scammo'nii (Ph. Br.), confection of 
scammony (powdered scammony, oil of cloves, pow- 
dered ginger, oil of caraway, syrup, clarified honey); 
stimulating cathartic; dose, 3SS t° 5.J- 0. sen'nae 
(Ph. U. S. and Br.), confection of senna, lenitive, 
electuary, etc. (senna in fine powder; coriander 
in fine powder; purging cassia; tamarind; prune, 
sliced; fig, bruised; sugar, in coarse powder; water); 
laxative; used in habitual constipation and in con- 
stipation during pregnancy; dose, gss to £ss. C. 
sulph'uris (Ph. Br.), confection of sulphur; sublimed 
sulphur (potassium bitartrate, syrup of orange-peel); 
laxative and alterative; dose, to 5'j • C. terebinth'- 
inae (Ph. Br.), confection of turpentine (oil of turpen- 
tine, powdered licorice, clarified honey); agreeable 
mode of administering turpentine; dose, a scruple to 
a drachm. C. de Thu're, frankincense confection. 
Compound of coriander seeds, nutmeg, thus, liquorice, 
mastich, cubebs, prepared hartshorn, conserve of red 
roses, sugar, etc. 
Confection, kon-fek'skun. Confectio. C. of cat'- 
echu, com'pound, confectio catechu compositum. C. 
frank'incense, confectio de Thure. C. of hips, 
confectio rosae caninae. C. of orange, confectio 
aurantiorum. C. of red rose, confectio rosae 
Gallicae. C. of rue, confectio rutae. C. of the 
sanders, confectio de santalis. C. of sul'phur, 
confectio sulphuris. C. of tur'pentine, confectio 
terebinthinae. 
Confectionarius, kon - fek - shun - ar' e - us. Apoth- 
ecary. 
Confectioners (kon-fek'shun-ers), disease of. Dis- 
ease of the nails resulting from handling the ingredi- 
ents of confectionery. 
Confectiones, kon-fek-she-o'nees (pl. of Confectio) 
(Ph. U. S.). Confections. 
Confectum, kon-fek'tum. Confection. 
Confertus, kon-furt'us. Pressed together or stand- 
ing close together, as a cutaneous eruption. 
Conferva helminthocortos, kon-fer'va hel-min-tho- 
kor'tos (confer vo, to knit together). Corallina Corsi- 
cana. C. riva'lis, species of river weed, which has been 
264 
CONGELANTIA 
recommended in cases of spasmodic asthma, phthisis, 
etc. 
Confervus, kon-fur'vus. Strophulus. 
Configuration, kon-fig-u-ra'shun. Shape of an 
object. 
Confinement, kon-fine'ment. Parturient state. 
Confirmantia, kon-fir-man'she-ah (con, firmo, to 
strengthen). Tonics. 
Confirmatio, kon-fir-mah'she-o. Union or consoli- 
dation, as of a fractured bone. 
Confirmed, kon-furmd'. Established, as confirmed 
consumption. 
Confluence, kon'flu-ence. Point of union of two or 
more canals. C. of the si'nuses, torcular Herophili. 
Confluens sinuum anterior, kon'flu-ens sin'u-um 
an-te're-or. Point where the petrosal and transverse 
sinuses are given off. 
Confluent, kon'flu-ent (con, fluo, to flow). Running 
together. An epithet for certain exanthematous 
affections, in which the pimples, pustules, etc. run to- 
gether ; particularly applied to small-pox, so circum- 
stanced. Some authors have called scarlatina or 
scarlet fever confluent measles. 
Confluentia, kon-flu-en'she-ah. Term employed 
to express the concordance between a disease and its 
remedies. 
Conflux, kon'fluks. Confluence. 
Confluxio, kon-fluks'e-o. Sympathy. 
Confo'cal, kon-fo'kal. Having the same focus; 
term applied to lenses. 
Confoederatio, kon-fed-er-ah'she-o (con, foedus, 
treaty). Confluentia. 
Conformatio, kon-for-mah'she-o (conformo, to ar- 
range, dispose). Conformation, structure. C. pupil'lse 
artificia'lis, operation for artificial pupil. 
Conformation, kon-for-ma'shun. Structure; natural 
disposition or arrangement of the body. Faulty con- 
formation is vice of original formation, existing, of 
course, from birth. 
Confortantia, kon-for-tan'she-ah (con,fortis, strong). 
Tonics. 
Confortativa, kon-for-tah-te'vah. Tonics. 
Confrey, kon'fre-i. Comfrey. 
Confrication, kon-frik-a'shun (confrico, to rub to- 
gether). The action of reducing a friable substance to 
powder by rubbing it between the fingers, and of 
expressing the juice of a plant with the hand. 
Masturbation. 
Confricatrix, kon-frik-ah'triks. Female who prac- 
tises masturbation. 
Confrontation, kon-frun-ta'shun. Method employed 
as an aid to diagnosis, which consists in bringing to- 
gether the patient and the one from whom the affec- 
tion was contracted. 
Confusae febres, kon-fu'se feb'rees. Intermittents 
whose paroxysms are irregular and confused. 
Confusio, kon-fu'ze-o (con/tmdo, confusum, to mix 
together). Disease of the eye which consists in 
the mixture of the humors. In modern times the 
term synchysis has been applied to a morbid state 
of the vitreous body, in which it is reduced to a 
different condition. Occasionally, sparkling bodies 
are perceptible, which seem to be seated behind the 
crystalline, in the vitreous humor; hence the disease 
has been called Sparkling synchysis or spintheropia 
(spinther, spark, ops, eye), Synchysis scintillans. This 
is due to sparkling flakes of cholesterin floating in 
the vitreous fluid. Confusio has also been used 
synonymously with Complex™. 
Confu'sion col'ors. Colors used in testing for 
color-blindness. 
Confusiones animi, kou-fu-ze-o'nees an'im-e. Con- 
fusions of the mind. See Affections of the mind. 
Confustus, kon-fus'tus. Irregular; term applied 
to fevers. 
Congee discharges, kon-je' dis-char'jes. Rice- 
water discharges. 
Congelantia, kon-jel-an'she-ah (congelo, to congeal, 
to freeze). See Congelativa. Agents capable of unit- 
ing and consolidating wounds. Producing conge- 
lation. CONGELATICUS 
Congelations, kon-jel-at'ik-us. One affected with 
ecstasy. 
Congelatio, kon-jel-ah'she-o. Congelation, catalepsy, 
frostbite. C. bullo'sa, frostbite accompanied with for- 
mation of blebs. C. erythemato'sa, frostbite accom- 
panied with erythematous reddish or purplish spots, 
which become gangrenous and slough. C. escharot'- 
ica, frostbite accompanied with gangrene. 
Congelation, kon-jel-a'shun. The action of con- 
gealing, of passing to the solid state by the abstrac- 
tion of heat; as congelation of water, mercury, etc. 
The term had once other acceptations, as concretion; 
coagulation; any disease produced by cold, or dis- 
ease in which there is a kind of stupor or torpor, par- 
ticularly catalepsy; also frostbite. Congelation of a 
part by the application of powdered ice or of a freez- 
ing mixture, in a bladder or gauze bag, has been em- 
ployed to induce anaesthesia in the lesser surgical 
operations; also used in external inflammation. 
Congelativa medicamenta, kon-jel-at-e'vah med- 
ik-am-en'tah. Medicines considered capable of unit- 
ing or consolidating wounds, etc. 
Congelativus, kon-jel-at-e'vus. Congealing, uniting, 
or consolidating. 
Congelatus, kon-jel-ah'tus. Congealed, united, or 
consolidated. 
Congener, kon'jen-ur (con, genus, kind). Congener- 
ous. Of the same kind or species; resembling each 
other in some manner. When applied to muscles, it 
means that they concur in the same action; in oppo- 
sition to antagonist, acting in opposite direction. 
Congeneric, kon-jen-er'ik. Of the same genus or 
species. 
Congenialis, kon-jen-e-al'is. Congenital. 
Congenitae notae, kon-jen'it-e no'te. Naevus. 
Congenital, kon-jen'it-al (con, genitus, begotten). 
Congenite. Originating or existing at birth. C. dis- 
eases, diseases which infants have at birth; hence, 
congenital affections are those that depend on faulty 
conformation, as congenital hernia, congenital cataract, 
etc. See Connate. 
Congeries, kon-je're-ees. Collection of small bodies 
or particles into one mass. 
Congested, kon-jes'ted. Hyperaemic. 
Congestio, kon-jes'te-o (congero, to carry, to amass, 
accumulate, etc.). Congestion; hyperaemia. C. ab- 
domina'lis, hyperaemia or congestion of the blood- 
vessels of the abdomen. C. pec'toris or pulmo'num, 
congestion or accumulation of blood in the pulmonary 
vessels. C. san'guinis, congestion. 
Congestion, kon-jest'yun. Engorgement. Accumu- 
lation of blood in an organ ; important symptom in 
febrile and other disorders; may arise either from an 
extraordinary flow of blood by the arteries, or from a 
difficulty in the return of blood to the heart by the 
veins. More often, perhaps, it is owing to the latter 
cause, and is termed venous congestion, stasis, or stagna- 
tion, being not unusually attended with symptoms of 
oppression and collapse. See Ili/periemia. C. of the 
abdo'men, hypersemia of the blood-vessels of the ab- 
domen. C. of the brain, hypersemia or congestion of 
the brain. C., cer'ebral, congestion of the brain. 
C., hypostat'ic, congestion resulting from long-main- 
tenance of the position on the back in bed, as in 
pneumonia, in infancy, etc. C. of the lungs, con- 
gestion or accumulation of blood in the pulmonary 
vessels. C. papil'la, see Papilla. 
Congestive, kon-jes'tiv. Belonging or relating to 
or affected with congestion, as congestive fever, conges- 
tive chill. C. fe'ver, see Fever, congestive. 
Congialis, kon-je-al'is. Holding a gallon. 
Congiarium, kon-je-ah're-um. Measure holding a 
gallon. 
Congius, kon'je-us. A gallon. 
Conglaciation, kon-gla-se-a'shun (con, glades, ice). 
Congelation. 
Conglobate, kon-glo'bat (conglobo, to collect, to 
gather into a ball). Collected into a ball. C. gland, 
Globate gland, Lymphatic ganglion. A round body 
formed of lymphatic vessels, connected together by 
cellular structure, but having neither cavity nor ex- 
265 
CONIUM 
cretory duct, as mesenteric, inguinal, and axillary 
glands. 
Conglomerate, kon-glom'er-ate {con, glomero, to 
gather in a heap). Composed of large or small lobes. 
C. glands, those whose lobules are united under the 
same membrane, as the liver, kidney, testicle, mammae, 
etc.; acinous glands. 
Conglomeratio (kon-glom-er-ah'she-o) intestino'- 
rum. Conglomeration of the intestines. 
Conglutin, kon-gloo'tin. Emulsin. 
Conglutinant, kon-gloo'tin-ant (cow, gluten, glue). 
Causing or promoting adhesion; substance that causes 
adhesion. 
Conglutination. Gluing together, as in atresia of 
the os uteri or in adhesion of the pleura to the lungs. 
Con'go-red test. Test for free acid from the 
stomach by means of Congo-red paper, which becomes 
blue when brought in contact with pure acid. 
Con'gregate glands. Agminated glands. 
Con'gress (con, gradior, to go together). Coition. 
Ocular proof, formerly ordered by judicial authority, 
in presence of surgeons and matrons, to test impotence 
or capabilities of parties, but forbidden by Parliament 
of Paris in 1667. C., sex'ual, sexual intercourse. 
Conhydrine, kon - hi' dreen. CsHijNO. Alkaloid 
from flowers of Conium maculatum. 
Coni (ko'ne) (pl. of Conus, cone) Hal'leri. C. vascu- 
losi. C. hu'muli or lu'puli, strobiles of hops. C. 
Malpig'hii, pyramids of Malpighi; see Papillae of 
kidney. C. re'num, see Papillae of kidney. C. ret'- 
in®, cones of retina. C. testic'uli, C. vasculosi. 
C. tubulo'si, see Papillae of kidney. C. vasculo'si, 
conical bundles formed by the vasa efierentia of the 
testis, having their base toward the epididymis, into 
the tube of which they enter. 
Conia (ko-ne'ah) or Coni'ine. See Conium. 
Coniasis, ko-ne'as-is (lamia, plaster). Incrustation. 
C., biViary, biliary calculus. 
Con'ical cor'nea. Ceratoncus. C. papil'1®, papillae 
on surface of tongue ; see Tongue. 
Conicine, kon'is-een. Conine. See Conium. 
Conif'erine. Glucoside analogous to salicine, from 
special species of Conifer®, the Abies excelsa for 
example. 
Conii (ko-ne'e) fo'lia. See Conium. C. fruc'tus, see 
Conium. C. se'men, see Conium. 
Coniic (ko-ni'ik) acid. Acid in conium, probably 
malic acid. 
Coniine, ko-ne'een. See Conium. Cadaveric ptomaine 
or alkaloid resembling coniine, vegetable alkaloid of 
conium. C. bromhy'drate, see Conium. C. hydro- 
chlo'rate or hydrochlo'ride, C8H17NH2CI; used as 
substitute for coniine. 
Co'nine. Coniine. See Conium maculatum. 
Co'nion. Conium. 
Conioselenium Canadense, ko - ne - o - sei - e'ne - um 
kan-ad-en'se. Hemlock parsley, growing in northern 
parts of the U. S. and Canada; antidysenteric. 
Coniostosis, ko-ne-os-to'sis (Jamis, dust). Pulveriza- 
tion. 
Conis, ko'nis. Powder. 
Conium (ko-ni'um) or C. macula'tuni. Common or 
Poison hemlock, Hemlock, Poison parsley, Spotted pars- 
ley, St. Bennett's herb; ord. Umbellifer®. The fresh 
leaves and young branches, Conii folia (Ph. Br.), are 
narcotic. The full-grown fruit of Conium maculatum 
is officinal under the name Conium (Ph. U. S. and Br.). 
Powder has been used as palliative in cancer and other 
painful affections. Externally, it has been applied in 
fomentation to cancerous and scrofulous ulcers. Its 
active alkaloid principle is conia, conine, conylia, 
coniine, coneine, conicine, or cicutine, CsHitN ; oily 
liquid, forming crystalline salts. It or its salts-hy- 
drobromate or hydrochlorate-has been given as a 
sedative to the nervous centres in neuralgic and spas- 
modic diseases, but it is an energetic poison, and is 
chiefly used as a collyrium in ophthalmia and locally 
in pain in the ovaries. Conium also contains another 
alkaloid, Methylconine. The ripe fruit dried, Conii 
fructus, Hemlock fruit, and juice, Succus conii (Ph. Br.), 
are also employed. Bromhydrate of conium has greater CONJOINED 
stability and uniform composition; CsHitNHBt. C. 
hydrochlo'rate or hydrochlo'ride, see Conine. 
Conjoined'. Joined together, as C. tendon, blended 
tendinous mass from internal oblique and transver- 
salis muscles. C. manipulation, examination of 
parturient uterus with both hands; bimanual 
version. 
Conjugal, kon'ju-gal (con, with, jugum, yoke). Re- 
lating to married life; applied to diseases affecting 
both man and wife, or conveyed from one to the other. 
Conjugate. Joined or acting together. C. devia- 
tion of the eyes, condition noticed in early stages 
of hemiplegia, in which the head and eyes are 
turned to the side of the lesion. C. diam'eter, 
antero-posterior diameter of brim of pelvis, taken 
in median plane from promontory of sacrum to pubic 
symphysis. C., exter'nal, distance from posterior 
part of upper portion of sacrum to anterior part 
of pubic symphysis, including soft parts. C. fo'ci, 
foci so placed that a ray from one will be reflected to 
the other. C., obstet'rical, shortest line from prom- 
ontory of sacrum to pubic symphysis. 
Conjugatio, kon-ju-gah'she-o. Conjugation. Cra- 
nial nerve. 
Conjugation, kon-ju-ga'shun (con, jugum, yoke). 
Assemblage; union; copulation; fusion of spores; 
anastomosis (erroneously so called) of nerves. 
Conjugationis foramina, kon-ju-gah-she-o'nis for- 
am'in-ah. Apertures at the sides of the spine, formed 
by union of the notches of the vertebrae, giving pas- 
sage to the nerves of the spinal marrow and to vessels 
entering or issuing from the vertebral canal. 
Conjugium, kon-ju'ge-um Coition; conjugation. 
Conjunct! (kon-junk'te) (conjungo, to join together) 
mor'bi. Diseases joined together, going on either 
simultaneously, morbi connexi, or succeeding each 
other, morbi consequentes. 
Conjunctio, kon-junk'she-o. Articulation. C. va- 
so'rum, anastomosis. 
Conjunctiva, kon-junk-te'vah. Conjunctiva mem- 
brana. C. ar'ida, inflammation of the eye without dis- 
charge. C. bul'bi, see C. membrana. C., cutic'ular, in- 
flammation of the eye without discharge. C. for'nicis, 
part of c. uniting ocular and palpebral portions; see 
C. membrana. C., gran'ular, trachoma. C. mem- 
bra'na, Conjunctiva, mucous membrane uniting the 
globe of the eye with the eyelids. It covers the an- 
terior surface of the eye, C. bulbi; the inner surface of 
the eyelids, C. palpebrarum ; and the caruncula lacry- 
malis. It possesses great general sensibility, commu- 
nicated to it by the fifth pair. The place where the con- 
junctiva is reflected upon the globe is called fornix 
conjunctivae. C., oc'ular, C. bulbi. C. palpebra'- 
rum, see C. membrana. C. scle'rae, portion of c. cov- 
ering sclerotic. C. tar'si, C. palpebrarum. 
Conjuncti'val. Appertaining or relating to the con- 
junctiva. C. fold, fold formed by reflection of con- 
junctiva from the lids to the eyeball. C. re'flex, see 
Reflex. 
Conjunctive tis'sue. Connective tissue. 
Conjunctivitis, kon-junk-tiv-e'tis. Inflammation of 
the conjunctiva; see Ophthalmia. C. Algypti'aca, see 
Ophthalmia, purulent. C. blennorrha'gica, see Ophthal- 
mia. C. catarrha'lis, ophthalmia, catarrhal. C., 
croup'ous, C. with formation of membrane on 
the lids. C., diphtheritic, see Ophthalmia. C., ex- 
anthem'atous, see Ophthalmia. C. gonorrho'ica, 
see Ophthalmia. C., gran'ular, see Ophthalmia, C., 
g., chron'ic, trachoma. C., gum'my, C. with de- 
posit of gummatous tumor in conjunctiva or tissues 
underlying it. C., lac'rymal, C. caused by obstruc- 
tion of 1. gland or its ducts. C., mem'branous, C., 
croupous. 0., mu'co-pur'ulent, ophthalmia, catar- 
rhal. C., oc'ular, see Conjunctiva.. C., pal'pebral, 
see Conjunctiva. C. phlyctenulo'sa, see Ophthalmia. 
C. pu'ro-muco'sa catarrha'lis, ophthalmia, catar- 
rhal. C. pu'ro-muco'sa contagio'sa or Algypti'aca, 
see Ophthalmia. C. purulen'ta, see Ophthalmia. C. 
pustulo'sa, see Ophthalmia. C. scrofulo'sa, see Oph- 
thalmia. C. strumo'sa, see Ophthalmia. C. tracho- 
mato'sa, trachoma; granular conjunctiva. 
266 
* CONSCIOUSNESS 
Con'nate (con, natus, born). Congenital; existing at 
birth; ossifying from the same centre. C. diseases, 
those which an individual is born with. Diseases 
or conditions dependent upon original conformation 
may be called congenital, while those supervening 
during gestation or delivery are termed connate. 
Conna'tion (same etymon). Fusion or coalescence 
of parts, as in foetal life. 
Connecting car'tilages. Fibro-cartilages between 
osseous structures. 
Connection. Relation of parts; coition. C., sex'- 
ual, coition. 
Connective (con, necto, to bind) tis'sue. See Cellu- 
lar tissue. C. tis'sues, a group of tissues forming the 
skeleton with its various connections-bones, carti- 
lages and ligaments-and affording a supporting 
framework and investment to the various organs 
composed of nervous, muscular, and glandular tis- 
sues. They are classified as follows (Kirkes): 
I. The Fibrous Connective Tissues. 
1. Chief Forms. 
White fibrous tissue, 
Elastic tissue, 
Areolar tissue. 
2. Special Varieties. 
Gelatinous tissue, 
Adenoid or retiform tissue, 
Neuroglia, 
Adipose tissue. 
II. Cartilage. 
III. Bone. 
All the varieties of connective tissue are made up of 
two elements-cells and intercellular substance. 
Connervation, kon-ner-va'shun (con, nervus, sinew). 
Union by means of ligament. 
Connex'io (con, necto, to bind) cartilagin'ea. Syn- 
chondrosis. C. ligamento'sa, union by means of lig- 
aments. C. os'sium carno'sa, union or connection 
of bones by muscles. 
Connictation, kon-nik-ta'shun (con, nicto, to wink). 
Winking. 
Conni'vens (drawing together). In circular folds, 
as valvulas conniventes of the intestine. 
Connutritus, kon-nu-tre'tus (con, nutrio, to nour- 
ish). A disease is so called which has grown up, as it 
were, with an individual or been connate with him. 
Conocephalic, kon-o-sef-al'ik (konos, cone, kephale, 
head). Having a cone-shaped skull. 
Conoceras, kon-os'er-as (konos, conical, keras, cornea). 
Conical cornea. 
Conolio'ria cus'pa. Tree of tropical America, bark 
of which (fever-bark) is febrifuge. 
Coznoid (konos, cone, eidos, shape). Conical; resem- 
bling a cone. C. bod'y, pineal gland. C. lig'ament, 
ligament passing from the coracoid process to the 
scapula, and forming part of the coraco-clavicular 
ligament of some anatomists. C. sub'stance of kidz- 
ney, pyramids of Malpighi; see Kidney. C. tu'ber- 
cle, tuberosity of scapula for attachment of conoid 
ligament. 
Conoides (kon-o-e'dees) cor'pus (conoid body). 
Pineal gland. 
Conopholis (kon-of'il-is) America'na. Squaw-root, 
cancer-root of U. S. and Canada; astringent and tonic. 
Conophthalmia, kon-of-thal'me-ah (konos, cone, oph- 
thalmia). Staphyloma cornese ; conical cornea. 
Conquinine, kon-qui'nine. Quinidine. 
Consanes'cent (con, sanus, well). Convalescent, as 
from sickness or wounds. 
Consanguin'eous (con, sanguis, blood). Related by 
common origin or descent, as of same family, or Con- 
sanguinity. 
Conscious, kon'shus (con, scio, to know). Occur- 
ring with cerebral appreciation, as conscious move- 
ment. 
Con'sciousness (con, scio, to know). Cerebral ap- 
preciation. C., doub'le, somnambulistic condition in 
which the individual leads, as it were, two lives, 
recollecting in each condition what occurred in pre- 
vious conditions of the same character, but knowing CONSECUTIVE 
nothing of the occurrences of the other; see Duality. 
C., mus'cular, muscular sense. 
Consecutive, kon-sek'u-tiv {con, sequor, to follow). 
Following in order or as a sequel. C. phenom'ena or 
symp'toms, such as appear after the cessation of a 
disease or during its decline, but without having 
direct connection with it. 
Consenescence, con-sen-es'sence {consenesco, to grow 
old). Progress toward old age. 
Consensual, kon-sens'u-al {con, sentio, to feel). Not 
regulated by will; sympathetic. See Instinctive. 
Consensus, kon-sens'us. Consent of parts; sym- 
pathy. C. oculo'rum, consentaneous action of the 
two eyes in health or disease. 
Consent' of parts. Relation of the different parts 
of the body with each other; sympathy. 
Conser'va. Conserve; pharmaceutical preparation 
composed of a vegetable substance and a sufficient 
quantity of sugar beaten into a uniform mass. See 
Confection. C. absin'thii, conserve of wormwood, 
mixture of leaves of absinthium and sugar; tonic, 
stomachic, and vermifuge. C. amygdala'rum, 
confectio amygdalarum. C. angel'ic®, conserve of 
angelica, made of pulp of root; white sugar, 
boiled in a decoction of the root, and reduced 
to the consistence of a solid electuary; tonic, 
aromatic, and stomachic. C. de a'pio graveolen'te, 
conserve of smallage; prepared like the preceding, 
with similar properties. C. a'ri, conserve of arum, 
made of fresh root and sugar. Diuretic and stimu- 
lant. C. auran'tii, confectio aurantiorum. C. cas'- 
si®, confectio cassi®. C. cit'ri auran'tii, confectio 
aurantiorum. C. cochleari'® horten'sis, conserve 
of lemon scurvy grass and sugar; stimulant and 
antiscorbutic. C. cor'ticis exterio'ris auran'tii His- 
palen'sis, confectio aurantiorum. C. cor'ticum au- 
rantio'rum, confectio aurantiorum. C. cynor'rhodi, 
confectio ros® canin®. C. cynos'bati, confectio 
ros® canin®. C. fiave'dinis cort'icis aurantio'rum 
Hispalen'sium, confectio aurantiorum. C. flo'rum 
rosa'rum rubra'rum, confectio ros® Gallic®. C. 
Gal'lic®, confectio ros® Gallic®. C. lu'jul®, C. foli- 
orum lujul®, conserve of woodsorrel; gratefully acid 
and refrigerant. C. men'th®, C. men'th® folio'rum, 
C. men'th® sati'v®, conserve of mint; stomachic in 
nausea and vomiting. C. pru'ni sylves'tris, C. pru'- 
n® sylves'tris, conserve of aloes; astringent. C. 
ro's®, confectio ros® Gallic®. C. ro's® cani'n®, 
confectio ros® canin®. C. ro's® fruc'tus, confectio 
ros® canin®. C. scil'l®, conserve of squill; possesses 
the diuretic and other virtues of the squill. 
Conservation, kon-ser-va'shun {conservo, to pre- 
serve). Preservation of health, or of any object or 
remedial agent, etc. from decay. 
Conservative, kon-serv'a-tive. Tending to saving 
of injured parts, as C. surgery. 
Con'serve. Conserva. See Confectio. C. of al'oes, 
conserva pruni sylvestris. C. of lem'on scur'vy grass, 
conserva cochleari® hortensis. C. of mint, conserva 
menth®. C. of or'ange, confectio aurantiorum. C. 
of roses (red), confectio ros®. C. of roses (white), 
confectio ros® canin®. C. of small'age, conserva de 
apio graveolente. C. of wood'sorrel, conserva lujul®. 
C. of worm'wood, conserva absinthii. 
Considentia, con-sid-en'she-ah {consideo, to settle). 
Restoration, cessation, and the subsiding of a humor; 
contraction of a cavity or canal. See Apocatastasis and 
Synezisis. C. pupil'l®, closure or contraction of the 
pupil. 
Consistentia, kon-sis-ten'she-ah {consisto, to stand 
still). When joined to the word morbi or ®tatis, it 
expresses the acme of a disease or the age at which 
the constitution has acquired full strength. C. 
humo'ris, density of a humor. 
Consolida (kon-sol'id-ah) In'dica. Nicotiana taba- 
cum. C. ma'jor, symphytum. C. me'dia, ajuga, 
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. C. mi'nor, prunella. 
C. rega'lis, Delphinium consolida. C. ru'bra, tor- 
mentil. C. Saracen'ica, Solidago virgaurea. 
Consolidantia (kon-sol-id-an'she-ah) or Consolid- 
ativa, kon-sol-id-at-e'vah (con, solido, to make solid). 
267 
CONSTITUTIONAL 
Substances producing consolidation in wounds or 
strengthening cicatrices. 
Consolidation, kon-sol-id-a'shun. Change to more 
solid condition, as in hepatization of the lungs, healing 
and cicatrization of wounds, and union of fractures. 
Consomme, kon-som-ma' (consummo, to add together). 
Soup strongly charged with gelatin, and consequently 
nutritious, although not proportionably easy of diges- 
tion. A clear soup. 
Consonance, kon'son-ance (consono, to sound to- 
gether). Agreement of parts. See Sound. 
Consonant, kon'son-ant (same etymon.). Alpha- 
betic sound only properly expressed when conjoined 
with a vowel; physiologically, a breath or sound pro- 
duced in the larynx, which suffers more or less inter- 
ruption in passing through the vocal tube. 
Consortium, kon-sort'e-um (con, sors, lot). Sym- 
pathy. 
Con'sound. Consolida. C., mid'dle, Ajuga rep- 
tans. 
Conspersio, kon-spur'se-o (con, spargo, to sprinkle). 
Compound medicine in form of powder, sprinkled on 
ulcers and to absorb perspiration. 
Conspicilla, kon-spis-il'lah (con, specio, to look at). 
Spectacles. 
Conspiratio, kon-spir-ah'she-o (con, spiro, to breathe). 
Sympathy. 
Constancy, kon'stan-se. Not changing, as bacteria 
under cultivation. 
Con'stant. Term applied to current of electricity 
which is uninterrupted or not of greatly varying in- 
tensity. The currents do not weaken rapidly, and 
the metals can stand all the time in the solution. 
The term constant is also given to the galvanic cur- 
rent distinguished from the faradic current. 
Consternation, kon-ster-na'shun (consterno, to con- 
fuse). Stupor; night-terrors of children. 
Constipated, kon'stip-a-ted (constipo, to cram close). 
Costive; affected with constipation. 
Con'stipating. Binding. Rendering the bowels 
less open; having the power to induce constipation. 
Constipation, kon-stip-a'shun. Costiveness, fecal 
retention, alvine obstruction, stopping or stoppage of 
the bowels; state of the bowels in which the evacua- 
tions do not take place as frequently as usual, or are 
inordinately hard and expelled with difficulty, owing 
to diminished action of the muscular coat of the in- 
testines or to diminished secretion from the mucous 
membrane, or to both. The exciting and predisponent 
causes must be inquired into and obviated to render 
the cure permanent. 
Constituent, kon-stit'u-ent. Vehicle. See Prescrip- 
tion. 
Constitutio, kon-ste-tu'she-o (constituo, to set up). 
Constitution, habit of body. C. a'eris, constitution 
of the atmosphere. C. epidem'ica, see Constitution, 
epidemic. C. nervo'sa, nervous diathesis. 
Constitution, kon-ste-tu'shun. Nature or temper- 
ament or individual characteristics; collection of 
several parts, forming a whole structure. State of 
all the organs of the body considered as to arrange- 
ment, order, or activity. A good constitution is one 
in which every organ is well developed and endowed 
with due energy, so that all perform their functions 
with equal facility. C., apoplec'tic, condition sup- 
posed to predispose to apoplexy, as large head, short 
neck, red face, etc. C., arte'rial, form of plethora in 
which the blood is rich in fibrin and red corpuscles. 
C. of at'mosphere, condition of the atmosphere, as 
regards dryness and humidity, temperature, etc., con- 
sidered in its influence on the animal economy. C., 
epidem'ic, aggregate of meteorological conditions, 
during which diseases prevail epidemically. C., 
scrof'ulous, condition in which the body is affected 
with scrofula. 
Constitutional, kon-ste-tu'shun-al. Belonging to 
the constitution of an individual, to his manner of 
being. Sporadic disease is said to be constitutional 
when arising from some tendency to morbid develop- 
ment impressed on the cells of nutrition, but inde- 
pendently of communication from without. See CONSTRICTION 
Cachectic. Epithet given also to diseases produced by 
the constitution of the atmosphere; congenital. 
Constriction, kon-strik'shun (constringo, to bind). 
Stricture, narrowing or drawing together; systole. 
Constrictive, kon-strik'tive. Styptic. 
Constrictor, kon-stric'tor. Compressor. Binding in 
a circular direction; some muscles are so called, as the 
sphincters. Instrument for pressure by constriction on 
an artery. C. al'se na'si, compressor naris. C. a'ni, 
sphincter ani externus. C. cun'ni, sphincter vaginae; 
see Constrictores cunni. C. fau'cium, see Constrictores 
pharyngis. C. isth'mi fau'cium, palato-glossus and 
palato-pharyngeus muscles, glosso-staphylinus. C. 
isth'mi ure'thrse, deep fibres of ischio-urethralis 
muscle. C. labio'rum, orbicularis oris. C. na'si, 
compressor naris. C. of Nuck, compressor of Nuck. 
C. cesoph'agi, constrictor of the oesophagus; fascicu- 
lus of fleshy circular fibres at the upper part of the 
oesophagus. C. o'ris, orbicularis oris. C. palpebra'- 
rum, orbicularis palpebrarum. C. pharyn'gis, see 
Constrictores p. C. radi'cis pe'nis, bulbo-cavernosus. 
C. ure'thrse, ischio-urethralis muscle. C. vagi'nse, 
C. cunni. C. v. profun'dus, fibres of ischio-urethra- 
lis surrounding vagina. C. v. urina'riae, detrusor 
urinse. C. vestib'uli, C. vaginae profundus. C. v. 
laryn'gis, aryteno-epiglottic muscle. C. vul'vae, C. 
cunni. 
Constrictores (kon-strik-to'rees) ala'rum na'si. 
Depressor alae nasi. C. cun'ni or vagi'nae or vul'vse, 
small muscles which originate beneath the clitoris, 
descend along the sides of the vagina, and terminate 
by becoming confounded with the transversus peri- 
naei and external sphincter ani muscles. They con- 
tract the entrance of the vagina. C. laryn'gis, crico- 
arytenoideus lateralis and thyro-arytenoideus muscle 
combined. C. na'si, compressor naris. C. o'ris, 
orbicularis oris. C. palpebra'rum, orbicularis pal- 
pebrarum. C. pharyn'gis, constrictors of pharynx; 
muscular expansions assisting in forming the pari- 
etes of the pharynx : 1. Constrictor pharyngis or fau- 
cium inferior, cricopharyngeus, and thyropharyn- 
geus, broad, very thin, quadrilateral, seated super- 
ficially, extending from the thyroid and cricoid car- 
tilages as far as the middle of the pharynx, and unit- 
ing, on the median line, with that of the opposite 
side. 2. Constrictor pharyngis medius, hyopharyngeus 
and chondropharyngeus, syndesmopharyngeus, occu- 
pying the middle part of the pharynx; triangular, 
and attached anteriorly to the great and little cornu 
of the os hyoides, to the stylohyoid ligament, and ter- 
minating, posteriorly, by joining its fellow of the op- 
posite side. 3. Constrictor pharyngis superior, cephalo- 
pharyngeus, gnathopharyngeus, glossopharyngeus, 
mylopharyngeus, pterygopharyngeus, quadrilateral, 
and extending from the internal ala of the pterygoid 
process, from the intermaxillary ligament, from the 
internal oblique line of the jaw, and from the base of 
the tongue, to the posterior part of the pharynx. The 
constrictors contract the pharynx, and can likewise 
approximate the ends to each other. C. vagi'nae, C. 
cunni. C. vul'vse, C. cunni. 
Constringentia, kon-strin-gen'she-ah. Astringents, 
styptics. 
Constructive, kon-struk'tive (construo, to build). 
See Plastic element. 
Constupration, kon-stu-pra'shun (constupro, to com- 
mit rape). Rape. 
Consuetudo, kon-swa-tu'do (con, suesco, to become 
accustomed). Habit. C. men'strua, menses. 
Consultant, kon-sult'ant. Consulting physician or 
surgeon. 
Consultation, kon-sul-ta'shun (consulo, to hold 
council). Meeting of two or more practitioners to de- 
liberate on any case of disease; in France the written 
result of such deliberations, as well as the opinion of 
a physician, given to a patient consulting him. 
Consulting physic'ian or sur'geon. Consultant; 
one who consults with the attending practitioner re- 
garding any case of disease. 
Consummatum, kon-sum-mat'um. Anything thor- 
oughly accomplished; consomme. 
268 
CONTENTION 
Consummatus, kon-sum-mat'us (consummo, to ac- 
complish). Confirmed, established, as phthisis con- 
summata, confirmed consumption ; incurable. 
Consumption, kon-sum'shun (consumo, to waste 
away). Wasting, wearing; progressive emaciation or 
wasting away; condition preceding death in some 
chronic diseases, particularly in phthisis pulmonalis; 
on this account phthisis has received the name Con- 
sumption ; see Phthisis. C., apostem'atous, pulmonary 
phthisis with purulent expectoration. C., black, an- 
thracosis. C. of bow'els, tuberculosis of intestines; 
enterophthisis; tabes mesenterica. C., bron'chial, 
bronchial phthisis. C., catar'rhal, catarrhal phthisis. 
C., dyspeptic, dyspeptic phthisis. C., feb'rile, see 
Phthisis pulmonalis. C., gal'loping, phthisis pulmo- 
nalis rapidly running its course to a fatal termination. 
C., larynge'al, laryngeal phthisis. C. of lungs, phthisis 
pulmonalis. C., mltier's, anthracosis. C., ner'vous, 
condition in which all symptoms of phthisis are pres- 
ent except those of a pulmonary character. C., pos- 
ter's, potter's bronchitis; pathological condition sim- 
ilar to that observed in grinder's bronchitis; see 
Asthma, grinder's. Primarily, it is an acute or sub- 
acute bronchitis; secondarily, that of chronic bron- 
chitis with emphysema. C., pul'monary, phthisis 
pulmonalis. C., se'nile, see Phthisis. C. of spi'nal 
cord, progressive locomotor ataxia; tabes dorsalis. 
C., tuber'cular, phthisis pulmonalis. 
Consumptiva, kon-sump-te'vah. Caustics used for 
the destruction of fungous growths, as burnt caustic 
or lunar caustic. 
Consumptive, kon-sump'tiv. Affected with phthisis; 
one so affected. C. fe'ver, hectic fever. C.'s weed, 
Eriodictyon Californicum. 
Contabes'cence (contabesco, to grow lean). Con- 
sumption ; marasmus; atrophy. 
Contact (com, tango, to touch). State of two bodies 
touching each other. In the theory of contagious 
diseases we distinguish immediate or direct contact, 
as when we touch a patient laboring under such dis- 
ease ; mediate or indirect contact, when we touch 
objects that have touched or emanated from him. 
See Contagion. C. action, catalysis. C. break'er, 
rheotome. 
Contagion, kon-ta'jun. Transmission of a disease 
from one person to another by direct or indirect con- 
tact. See Contact. Also at one time applied to action 
of miasmata arising from dead animal or vegetable 
matter, bogs, fens, etc. Contagious diseases are pro- 
duced either by a virus, contagium, capable of causing 
them by inoculation, as in small-pox, cow-pox, hydro- 
phobia, syphilis, etc., or by miasmata proceeding from 
a sick individual, as in plague, typhus gravior, mea- 
sles, etc. Contagion and infection are generally es- 
teemed synonymous. Frequently, however, the former 
is applied to diseases not produced by contact, as 
measles, etc., while infection is used for those that 
require positive contact, as itch, syphilis, etc. Dis- 
eases which are only produced by contagion are said 
to have their origin in specific contagion, as small- 
pox, cow-pox, syphilis, etc. Those produced by con- 
tagion, and yet supposed to be sometimes owing to 
other causes, are said to arise from common contagion, 
as typhus, cynanche parotidsea, etc. 
Contagionist, kon-ta'jun-ist. One who believes in 
or advocates the contagious character of any particular 
disease. 
Contagios'ity. Property of being contagious. 
Contagious, kon-ta'jus. Communicable; capable of 
being transmitted by mediate or immediate contact, 
as disease, fever, etc. See Contagion. 
Contagiousness. Property of being contagious. 
Contagium, kon-ta'jum. Contagion; miasm; con- 
tagious matter ; disease germ; pathogenic bacterium. 
C. halituo'sum, contagion by exhalation, as by the 
breath. C. vi'vum, contagion by a living organism. 
Contemplabiles (kon-tem-plab'il-ees) di'es. Days 
to be carefully watched; critical days. 
Contemplation. Catalepsy. 
Contention, kon-ten'shun (com, tendo, to stretch). 
Consultation; tension; retention. CONTEXTURE 
Contexture, kon-text'ure (con, texo, to cover, to 
weave). Arrangement of parts ; texture. See Tissue 
and Texture. 
Context'us. Tissue. C. cellulo'sus, cellular tissue. 
Contiguity, diarthrosis of, kon-tig-u'it-e, de-arth- 
ro'sis (con, tango, to touch). See Continuity, lesion of. 
C., sym'pathy of, see Sympathy. 
Continence, kon'tin-ence (contineo, to restrain). Self- 
restraint ; abstinence from, or moderation in, indulg- 
ence of the sexual appetite. 
Continent, kon'tin-ent. Restrained; continued. 
C. cause, proximate cause. C. fe'ver, continued 
fever; one preserving during its whole course the 
same degree of intensity, without remission or sen- 
sible exacerbation. 
Continued, kon-tin'ude. Uninterrupted in its 
course; free from intermissions or remissions. C. 
disease, disease continuing uninterruptedly. C. 
fe'ver, one which preserves, during its whole course, 
the same degree of intensity, without remission or sen- 
sible exacerbation. Older writers make distinction be- 
tween continual fever (febris continua) and synochus 
(febris continens); the latter fever being of one 
paroxysm from beginning to end, the former being 
allied to intermittents. 
Continuitas, kon-tin-u'it-as. Continuity. C. nervo'- 
rum optico'rum, optic chiasm. 
Continuity, kon-tin-u'it-e. Adhesion of two things 
to each other, so that they cannot be separated with- 
out fracture or laceration. C., diarthro'ses of, movable 
joints in which the bones are continuous, but do not 
touch immediately, having between them a ligamen- 
tous substance permitting motion; the vertebral ar- 
ticulations are examples. Diarthroses of contiguity are 
movable articulations in which the bones are not con- 
tinuous, but touch by surfaces covered with a cartilagi- 
nous layer moistened by synovia. C., le'sion of, see 
Continuity, solution of. C., solution of, division of 
parts previously continuous, as wounds and fractures. 
Contiguity is the condition of two things which are 
near each other or touch without uniting, as between 
the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the 
scapula. Lesion of continuity is a destruction of con- 
tinuity from disease. C., sym'pathy of, see Sympathy. 
Continuous cur'rent. Direct current from a gal- 
vanic battery. C. trem'or, form of clonic spasm, con- 
tinuous during waking hours ; may be diminished or 
arrested for a short time by voluntary effort. 
Contorsio or Contortio, kon-tor'she-o. Contortion. 
C. colum'nae vertebra'lis, deviation of the spinal 
column. 
Contortion, kon-tor'shun (contorqueo, to twist about). 
Violent movement of a part, accompanied with torsion, 
twist, cast, or writhing, as contortion of the face, wry- 
neck, curvature of spine, sprain, etc. 
Con'tra (L.). In composition, counter, against. 
Contra-apertura, kou'trah-ap-er-tu'rah (contra, ape- 
rio, to open). Counter-opening. Incision made in the 
most depending part of a wound or abscess when the 
first opening is not situate in a manner favorable for 
the discharge of the pus. 
Contractile, kon-trak'teel (contraho, to draw to- 
gether). Capable of contracting, as fibre of muscles. 
Contractility, kon-trak-til'it-e. Vital property 
which gives to certain parts the power of contracting. 
Muscles of locomotion are endowed with a power of 
voluntary contractility dependent immediately on the 
action of the brain. Muscles of the viscera of diges- 
tion and other internal organs enjoy involuntary 
contractility. Contractility and irritability are fre- 
quently used synonymously to signify the property 
of contracting on the application of appropriate stim- 
ulus. C., elec'trical, muscular contractility under 
electric stimulation. 
Contractio, kon-trak'she-o. Contraction. C. cor'- 
dis, systole. 
Contraction, kon-trak'shun. Action of contracting. 
C. of a muscle is the phenomenon it exhibits during 
the time it is inaction. C., ano'dal-clo'sure, see Ano- 
dal. C., ano'dal-o'pening, C., anodal. C., catho'dal- 
clo'sure, see Cathodal. C., catho'dal-o'pening, see 
269 
CONTRECTATION 
Cathodal. C., cicatricial, contraction of a scar. C., 
Dupuytren's, contraction of palmar fascia, causing 
permanent flexion of the fingers. C. of the extrem'- 
ities, tetanilla. 0., fibrillar or fi'brillary, contraction 
of different fibrill® of muscles after division of main 
trunks of their motor nerves. C., front-tap, variety of 
ankle-clonus excited when muscles of the front of the 
leg are tapped. C., hour-glass, irregular contraction of 
the uterus, which assumes such shape. C., idiopathic 
or intermittent rheumatic, tetanilla. C., myotat'- 
ic, tendon reflex. C., paradoxical, tetanic con- 
traction of tibialis anticus muscle, noticed in early 
stage of locomotor ataxia, in multiple sclerosis, 
paralysis agitans, etc. C., pel'vic, narrowness of 
diameters of pelvis. C., peristal'tic, see Peri- 
stalsis. C., per'manent, contracture. C. ring of 
Bandl, firm ring made by different contractions of 
segments of the uterus in parturition, a precursor of 
rupture of that organ. C., tetanic, prolonged con- 
traction from tetanus. C., vermic'ular, peristalsis. 
Contractor (kon-trak'tor) chord'se. Muscular fibres 
in chord® tendine® of the heart. C. u'teri, abortive. 
Contrac'ture, kon-trak'ture. Muscular stiff-joint. 
Permanent rigidity and progressive atrophy of the 
flexor muscles, preventing the motion of extension 
beyond a certain limit. The affected muscles form hard 
cords beneath the skin; on dissection they are found 
converted into tendinous fibres, the fleshy fibres hav- 
ing almost disappeared when the disease has been of 
any duration. Warm bath, vapor bath, or thermal 
waters, oleaginous embrocations, mechanical exten- 
sion of the limbs, etc. are the chief means of treat- 
ment. C., essen'tial, tetanus. C., myopathic, C. 
from morbid alterations in muscular structure. C., 
ner'vous, neuropathic, or pri'mary, C. arising from 
disorder of the nervous system. C., paralytic, C. of 
normal muscular structure, in which the extremities 
of the muscles are permanently approximated to a 
condition due to paralysis of their antagonists. C., 
protopathlc, C., myopathic. C., secondary, C., 
paralytic. 
Contra-expec'torants. Medicines that diminish 
the amount of expectoration. 
Contra-extension, kon'trah-eks-ten'shun. Coun- 
ter-extension. 
Contrafissura, kon-trah-fis-su'rah (contra, findo, to 
cleave). Counter-stroke. Fracture, contusion, or in- 
jury produced by a blow in a part distant from that 
struck, particularly of the cranium. 
Contrahentia, kon-trah-hen'she-ah (con, trdho, to 
draw). Astringents, styptics. 
Contraincisio, kon-trah-in-siz'e-o. Counter-opening. 
Contraindicated, kon-tra-in'dik-a-ted. Prohibited 
by the pathological condition, or not in accordance 
with the indications for treatment or diet of the pa- 
tient. 
Contraindication, kon-tra-in-dik-a'shun. Counter- 
indication. 
Contrairritation, kon-tra-ir-ri-ta'shun. Counter- 
irritation. 
Contralunaris, kon-trah-lu-narls (contra, luna, 
moon). Epithet for a woman who conceives during 
the menstrual discharge. 
Contrastimulant, kon-tra-stim'u-lant. Medicine 
that diminishes vital action; nauseant, for example. 
Controstimulant. 
Contrastimula'tion. Action or employment of a 
contrastimulant. 
Contrastim'ulism. See Controstimulus. 
Contrastim'ulist. A believer in controstimulism. 
Contrastimulus, kon-tra-stim'u-lus. Diminution 
of vital power. Controstimulus. 
Contrayerva, kon-trah-yur'vah (contra, (S.) yerba, 
herb). Dorstenia contrayerva. C. balls, pulvis con- 
trayerv® compositus. C., Lis'bon, Dorstenia contra- 
yerva. C., Mexican, Psoralea pentaphylla. C. no'- 
va, Psoralea pentaphylla. C. Virginia'na, Aristolo- 
chia serpentaria. 
Contrecoup (Fr.). Contrafissura; counter-stroke. 
Contrectation, kon-trek-ta'shun. Manipulation; 
palpation. CONTRITION 
Contrition, kon-trish'un (contero, to bruise or make 
small). Comminution, trituration. 
Contritura'tion. Trituration. 
Controstimulant, kon - tro - stim' u - lant. Hypo- 
sthenic. Substance possessing particular debilitating 
property, acting upon the excitability in a manner 
opposite to stimulus. Therapeutical agent endowed 
with the property of diminishing excitement by spe- 
cific action. 
Controstim'ulus, Contrastimulus (kon-tra-stim'u- 
lus) or Contrastimulism (kon-tra-stim'u-lism), docz- 
trine of. Name given by Rasori to medical doctrine 
founded on the controstimulant or Rasorian property 
attributed to certain medicines, by virtue of which 
living beings are endowed with aptitude for feeling 
the action of external agents or exciting influences, 
and of reacting on those influences. When this ex- 
citability is too great, there is excess of stimulus or 
hypersthenia; when too little, there is deficiency or 
hyposthenia. Diseases, general and local, were di- 
vided into three great classes-hypersthenic, hypo- 
sthenic, and irritative. Controstimulant physicians 
admit only two classes of medicines-stimulants and 
controstimulants. 
Contund'ing or Contusing {contundo, to bruise). 
Causing contusions, as vulnerating projectiles, which 
bruise or lacerate parts without cutting them. 
Conturbation, kon-tur-ba'shun (conturbo, to dis- 
turb). Night-terrors of children. 
Con'tus (kontos, a pole). Penis. 
Contused, kon-tuzed'. Affected with contusion or 
bruise, as contused wound. 
Contusio, kon-tu'ze-o. Contusion. C. cer'ebri, 
contusion of brain from external violence. C. con- 
cussi'va, simple contusion without extravasation. C. 
sanguin'ea, contusion with effusion of blood. C. 
sero'sa, contusion with effusion of serum. 
Contusion, kon-tu'zhun. Bruise. Injury or lesion 
arising from the impulse of a body with a blunt sur- 
face, and presenting no loss of substance and no ap- 
parent wound. If the skin be divided, the injury 
takes the name of contused wound. Deep contusion 
of the soft parts has been called sarcothlasis and sar- 
cothlasma. C., cer'ebral, bruise of the brain from 
external violence. C., wind, see Wind of a ball. 
Contusor, kon-tu'sor. Instrument for crushing the 
head of the foetus. 
Contu'sum. Contused wound. 
Contusu'ra. Contusion. 
Co'nus. Cone ; posterior staphyloma; modiolus of 
the ear; pineal gland. C. arterio'sus (arterial cone), 
infundibulum of the heart; portion of the right 
ventricle from which the pulmonary artery proceeds, 
forming a prominence on the right side of the anterior 
furrow of the heart, and prolonged toward the left, 
becoming narrower so as to form a funnel-shaped pro- 
jection (conus arteriosus) extending a little beyond 
the base of the ventricles. C. coch/leae, modiolus. 
C. cor'dis, ventricle of the heart; c. arteriosus. C. 
cor'poris stria'ti, anterior rounded extremity of 
corpus striatum. C. Malpig'hii, pyramids of Malpighi. 
C. medulla'ris or termina'lis, conical part of spinal 
cord below its enlargement in lumbar region. C. 
vasculo'sus, see Coni vasculosi. 
Convalescence, kon-val-es'sence (convalesco, to grow 
well). Recovery of health after disease; time which 
elapses between the termination of a disease and com- 
plete restoration. 
Convalescent, kon-val-es'cent. In a state of con- 
valescence. 
Convallamare'tin. Product of action of sulphuric 
acid on convallamarin. 
Convallamarin, kon - val - lam - ah' rin. C23H44O12. 
Bitter glucoside from Convallaria maialis; emetic; 
strengthens action of the heart and augments blood 
pressure. 
Convallare'tin or Convallarhetin, kon-val-lar- 
rhet'in. C28H52O6. Product of decomposition of con- 
vallarin by dilute acids ; emetic. 
Convallaria angulosa, kon - val - lah' re - ah an - 
gu-lo'sah (con, vallis, valley). C. polygonatum. C. 
270 
COLVOLVULUS 
canalicula'ta, great Solomon's seal, and C. pubes'- 
cens, smaller Solomon's seal; indigenous; a decoction 
of the roots is cathartic, diuretic, and diaphoretic. 
C. maia'lis or map'pi, lily of the valley; May lily; 
recent flowers are aromatic, cephalic, errhine, cathar- 
tic, and cardiac stimulant. There have been obtained 
from it convallarin and convallaramin; former pur- 
gative, latter emetic and sedative, resembling digi- 
talis, aconite, and veratria. C. multiflo'ra, growing 
in this country and Europe, has properties analogous 
to C. maialis. C. polygo'natum, systematic name of 
Solomon's seal, Convallaria angulosa; root is astrin- 
gent and tonic; also a reputed cosmetic. C. pubes'- 
cens, see Convallaria canaliculata. 
Convallarine, kon-val'lar-een. C32H62O41. Princi- 
ple extracted by water from Convallaria maialis. 
Conven'tio or Conven'tus (coh, venio). Coition. 
Convergence, kon-vur'jence. Power of converging 
or bringing together, as the eyes. 
Convergent (kon-vur'jent) ih/bres. See Fibres, con- 
vergent. C. strabis'mus, see Strabismus. 
Conversion, kon-vur'shun (coh, verto, to turn). 
Change from one state into another. C. of diseases, 
change or transformation of one disease into an- 
other. 
Convoluted (kon'vo-lu-ted) tu'bules. Twisted or 
convoluted portions of the uriniferous tubules. 
Convolution, kon-vo-lu'shun (conroZro, to entwine). 
Polling of anything upon itself. The convolutions or 
gyri of the brain are numerous smooth and tortuous 
eminences which characterize the surface of the hemi- 
spheres of the brain, with intervening fissures or sulci. 
(A full list and account of all the convolutions or 
gyri will be found under Gyri.) 
Convolvulin, kon - volv' u - lin. See Convolvulus 
jalapa. 
Colvolvulus, kon-volv'u-lus (convolve, to entwine). 
Ileus, intussusception; volvulus. C. Africa'nus, 
Ipomsea cathartica. C. America'nus, Jalapa. C. ar- 
ven'sis, small bind-weed; purgative. C. bata'tas, 
sweet potato, Spanish potato, Carolina potato, ord. 
Convolvulacese; only esculent root of the genus Con- 
volvulus : much eaten in the United States. C. Can- 
tab'rica, cantabrica, lavender-leaved bindweed; an- 
thelmintic and cathartic. C. dis'color, species of S. 
America ; leaves are used in gonorrhoea. C. Formo'- 
sus, root is purgative; leaves are used for poultices 
in skin diseases. C. In'dicus, C. batatas. C. jala'pa, 
name of the plant once thought to be the jalap plant; 
now referred to Exogonium purga (Jalapa, Ph. U. S. 
and Br.), Ipomcea jalapa, I. purga, I. Schideana, or I. 
macrorhiza; jalap root is procured from Mexico. Its 
odor is nauseous; taste sweetish and slightly pun- 
gent ; its operation is cathartic, the resinous part 
griping violently; dose, gr. x to xxx ; a drop or two 
of any essential oil may prevent it from griping. 
Two distinct substances have been separated from 
jalap-jalapin or cathartin, and convolvulin, a purga- 
tive glucoside, C31H50O16. Convolvulin is a glucoside, 
C31H50O16, a powerful purgative; dose, I to 3 grains. 
An inferior kind, light, fusiform, or male jalap, is 
yielded by Ipomsea or Convolvulus Orizabensis, I. 
batatoides or Mestitlanica, growing near Orizaba and 
Mestitlan, in Mexico. C. ma'jor al'bus, Convolvulus 
sepium. C. marit'imus, Convolvulus soldanella. C. 
Mecho/acan, Mexican convolvulus, root of which is 
aperient, used instead of jalap in dropsy. C. mega- 
lorhi'zus, C. panduratus. C. nil, blue morning-glory; 
Indian plant, naturalized in Western States; seeds and 
root are cathartic. C. opercula'tus, see Batata de purga. 
C. Orizaben'sis, see Convolvulus jalapa. C. pandura'tus, 
Fiddle-leaved bindweed, Hog potato, Virginian bindweed, 
Wild potato, Mechameck, M. bindweed, Wild jalap, Man 
in the ground, Man of the earth, Wild rhubarb, Wild po- 
tato-vine, Kassauder, Kassader, Kussauder. In some 
parts of the United States the root is used in cases of 
gravel, in powder or decoction. C. pelta'tus, species 
used in inflammation of the lungs and in bronchial 
affections. C. peren'nis, Humulus lupulus. C. pes 
ca'prae, bargada; plant used in India as cataplasm 
in arthritis. C. re'pens, C. sepium. C. scammo'nea CONVULSANT 
or scammo'nla, systematic name of the scammony 
plant, Syrian and Mexican plant, concrete gummi- 
resinous juice of which (scammony, mahmoudy) is 
in blackish-gray fragments. It is a drastic, hydra- 
gogue cathartic; dose, gr. iij-xv. C., sea, Convolvulus 
soldanella. C. se'pium, great or hedge bindweed; 
concrete juice of this plant is German scammony; 
violently purgative, and given in dropsical affections. 
C. soldanel'la, systematic name of sea convolvulus, 
sea bindweed, soldanella; leaves of this plant are 
drastic cathartic. C. Syri'acus, Convolvulus scam- 
monea. C. tugurio'rum, C. sepium. C. turpe'thum, 
systematic name of turbith plant; cortical part of 
root of this species, from East Indies, is cathartic. 
Convul'sant. A medicine that produces tetanic 
effects or convulsions. 
Convulsed, kon-vulsd' (convello, to pull together). 
Affected with convulsions. 
Convulsibil'ity. Tendency to convulsions; see 
Subsultus tendinum. 
Convulsio, kon-vul'se-o. Convulsion. C. cani'na, 
risus sardonicus; see Canine laugh. C. cerea'lis, sin- 
gular disorder of the convulsive kind, attended with 
a peculiar tingling and formication in the arms and 
legs, said to have been endemic in Germany, and to 
arise often from the use of spoiled corn; see Raphania. 
C. flatulen'ta, muscular spasm from flatulence. C. 
habitua'lis, chorea. C. In'dica, tetanus. C. rapha'- 
nia, raphania. C. Solonien'sis, C. cerealis, ergotism. 
C. ton'ica, tonic spasm. C. u'teri, abortion. 
Convulsion, kon-vul'shun. See Convulsions. Clonic 
spasm. Violent perversion of the animal movements. 
Alternate contraction, violent and involuntary, of 
muscles which habitually contract only under the in- 
fluence of the will. Such contraction, when slight, is 
called tremor; when strong and permanent, tetanus, 
trismus, etc. Spasms, cramp, risus sardonicus, and St. 
Vitus's dance are forms of convulsions. Contracture or 
tonic spasms. C., catalep'tic, irregular muscular ac- 
tion seen in catalepsy. C. cen'tre, see Centre. C., 
chore'ic, spasms characteristic of St. Vitus's dance. 
C., clon'ic, C. characterized by alternate contraction 
and relaxation of muscles involved. C., epilep'tic, 
C. associated with epileptic paroxysm. C., epilep'ti- 
form, C. which resembles epilepsy. C., essen'tial, C., 
spontaneous. C., hysterical, a convulsive hysterical 
attack. C., hys'tero-epilep'tic, hysterical convul- 
sion, afterward becoming epileptoid; or epileptic con- 
vulsion in an hysterical person. C., inter'nal or in'- 
ward, slight convulsion without unconsciousness, of 
brief duration; asthma thymicum. C., Io'cal, spasm. 
C., mim'ic or mimet'ic, convulsive tic. C., puer'- 
peral, 0. occurring during pregnancy or parturition. 
C., salaam', 0. in children in which there is peculiar 
bobbing of the head forward, and sometimes spasm 
of the face and eyelids, squinting, or cramps of the 
limbs. C., stat'ic, convulsive condition in which 
movements of position or locomotion are not control- 
lable. C., suf'focative, laryngismus stridulus. C., 
tetan'ic, spasms of tetanus. C., ton'ic, 0. apparently 
without relaxation, as in tetanus. C., urse'mic, 0. 
from uraemia. 
Convulsionnaires, kon-vul-se-on-naire' (F.). Name 
given, during the last century, to individuals who 
had, or affected to have, convulsions produced by re- 
ligious impulses; epidemic chorea. Some were called 
sauteuses or jumpers, others, from barking like a dog, 
aboyeuses, and others, from mewing like a cat, miau- 
lantes. A form of convulsion induced by religious 
frenzy has been vulgarly called the jerks. Gymnastic 
movements of the shakers may be placed in the same 
category. 
Convul'sions. See Convulsion. Eclampsia. C.,puer'- 
peral, eclampsia of parturient women; see Mania, 
dancing, and Convulsion. 
Convulsive, kon-vul'siv. That which is accompa- 
nied by, or is analogous to, convulsions, as 0. cough, 
C. disease, etc. A spastic or tetanic agent, such as 
strychnia. C. tic, spasm in the area of distribution 
of the facial nerves. C. trem'or, severe paroxysmal 
affection attended with marked muscular tremor. 
271 
COPPER 
Cony'drin. Conhydrin. 
Conyza, ko-ne'zah. Inula dysenterica. C. bifoli- 
a'ta, Sericocarpus tortifolius. C. co'ma au'rea, Soli- 
dago virgaurea. C. ma'jor, C. squarrosa. C. me'dia, 
Inula dysenterica. C. pycnostach'ya, Pterocaulon 
pycnostachyum. C. squarro'sa, Great jleabane or 
Spikenard, European plant, whose strong and disa- 
greeable odor was considered destructive to flies, fleas, 
etc. Infusion of the plant in wine was regarded as em- 
menagogue and anti-icteric; in vinegar antiepileptic. 
Cool'wood. Pilea pumila. 
Cool'wort. Tiarella cordifolia. 
Cobperculum oculi, ko-o-pur'ku-lum ok'u-le (co, 
operculum, cover). Eyelid. 
Coop'er's fascia, fas'she-a. Scarpa's fascia. 
Coopertorium, ko-o-pur-to're-um (co, opertorium, 
cover). Thyroid cartilage. 
Coordina'tion. Consentaneous action, as of mus- 
cles ; adjustment or regulation of separate actions of 
muscles. 
Coor'dinator, oc'ulo-nu'chal. Posterior longitu- 
dinal fasciculus beneath the floor of the fourth ven- 
tricle. 
Coostrum, ko - os' trum. Middle part of the dia- 
phragm. 
Copahin, ko'pah-hin. Resinous extract from co- 
paiva. 
Copaiba, ko-pa'bah. Resinous juice or oleoresin of 
Copaifera multijuga, officinalis, or Jacquini, Copaiva 
officinalis, and other species of Copaifera. Copaiva 
(Ph. U. S. and Br.) is the oleoresin of Copaifera Langs- 
dorffii and of several other species of Copaifera, ord. 
Leguminosse. Balsam of copaiba or copaiva (vul- 
garly pronounced copee'vy) has a pungent, bitter taste 
and syrupy consistence ; yellowish and transparent; 
it is soluble in ether, alcohol, and expressed oils. It 
is stimulant and diuretic; in large doses purgative. 
It acts on the lining membrane of the urethra and 
on mucous membranes in general; is given in gonor- 
rhoea, gleet, leucorrhcea, bronchitis, etc., in dose of 
gtt. x to 3j, twice or thrice a day. Brazil is the chief 
source of supply. C., West In'dian, Copaifera officin- 
alis. 
Copaifera Jacquini, ko-pay'fer-ah jak-ke'ne {co- 
paiba, fero, to bear). See Copaiba. C. multiju'ga, see 
Copaiba. C. officina'lis, see Copaiba. 
Copa'iva officina'lis. See Copaiba. 
Copal'. Gum copal. Resinous substance from E. 
Indies, S. America, and western coast of Africa, flow- 
ing spontaneously from Ekeocarpus copalliferus and 
different species of Hymensea. Stimulant like all 
resins, but is now only employed in varnishes. 
Copalche (ko-pal'che) or Copal'chi bark. Bark of 
Croton pseudo-china and Strychnos pseudo-china. A 
bitter principle found in it is called copalchin. 
Co'pallin. Resin of liquidambar styraciflua. 
Cophoma (ko-fo'mah), Cophosis (ko-fo'sis), or Co- 
photes, ko-fo'tees {kophos, deaf). Diminution or loss 
of hearing ; paracousia or paracoe. In dyseccea, how- 
ever, the sonorous rays cannot reach the labyrinth, 
while paracousia is a confused state of hearing. Co- 
phosis is usually synonymous with deafness, paracusis, 
surditas. 
Cophonia, ko-fo'ne-ah. Auscultatory percussion; 
see Acouophonia. 
Copiopia (kop-e-o'pe-ah) or Copiopsia, kop-e-ops'e- 
ah {kopos, fatigue, opsis, sight). Fatigue or weakness 
of vision; asthenopia. 
Copodyscine'sia {kopos, fatigue, duskinesia, difficulty 
of movement). Irregular movement from repeating 
similar actions. 
Co'pos. Lassitude; fatigue. State of body in 
which animal functions are exerted with less prompt- 
itude and vigor than common. Cramp in the legs. 
Cop'per. Cuprum. C. ac'etate, cupri acetas. C. 
ace'to-ar'senite, Paris green; a pigment, and destruc- 
tive to insects, potato-bugs, etc. C., alu'minated, 
cuprum aluminatum. C., ammo'niated, cuprum am- 
moniatum. C. ammo'nio-sul'phate, cuprum ammo- 
niatum. C. ar'senite, see Arsenite. C. o'leate, see 
Oleates. C. ox'ide, cupri oxidum. C. potas'sio- COPPERAS 
tar'trate, see Fehling's solution. C. rose, Papaver 
rhceas. C. subac'etate, cupri subacetas. C. sul'- 
phate, cupri sulphas. C. sul'phate, ammoni'acal, 
cuprum ammoniatum. 
Cop'peras. Ferri sulphas. C., blue, cupri sulphas. 
C., white, zinci sulphas. 
Cop'pernose. Gutta rosea. 
Copracrasia (kop-rah-krah'se-ah) or Copracratia, 
kop-rah-krah'te-ah (copro, a, kratos, strength). In- 
ability to retain feces; involuntary evacuation of the 
bowels. 
Coprse'mia (copro, haima, blood). Condition arising 
from retention of feces and absorption of their ma- 
terials into the blood. 
Copragogue, kop'ra-gog (copro, ago, to bring away). 
Cathartic. 
Copranon, kop'ran-on. Excrement. 
Coprecriticus, kop-re-krit'ik-us. Mildly cathar- 
tic; eccoprotic. 
Copremesia (kop-rem-a'ze-ah), Coprem'esis, or Cop- 
riemesis, kop-re-em'e-sis (copro, emeo, to vomit). 
Vomiting of feces. 
Coprem'etus, Copriemetus (kop-re-em'et-us), or 
Coproem'etus. One who vomits feces. 
Coprepis'chesis (copro, epischesis, obstruction). Ob- 
struction of the bowels from hardened or retained 
feces. 
Cop'ro (fcopros, excrement). In composition, excre- 
ment. 
Coprocritic or Coprecritic, kop-re-krit'ik (copro, 
krino, to separate). Mildly cathartic; eccoprotic. 
Coprodseum, kop-ro-de'um. Inner cloacal chamber 
of the embryo. 
Coprodochse'um. Place of reception of feces. 
Coproem'esis. Vomiting of feces. 
Coproemetus, kop-ro-em'et-us. One who vomits 
feces. 
Coproepischesis, kop-ro-ep-is'kes-is (copro, epis- 
chesis, retention). Constipation. Obstruction of the 
bowels from hardened or retained feces. 
Coprolalia, kop-rb-lal'e-ah (copro, laleo, to talk). 
Indecency of language as symptomatic of disease of 
the brain. 
Coprolith, kop'ro-lith (copro, lithos, stone). Concre- 
tion of fecal matter in the bowels. See Calculus of the 
stomach and intestines. 
Coprophagy, kop-rof'ah-je (copro, phago, to eat). 
Eating feces; a symptom of disease of the nervous 
system. 
Coprophoresis (kop-ro-for-a'sis) or Coprophoria, 
kop-ro-for'e-ah (copro, phoreo, to carry forward). Ca- 
tharsis. 
Coproplanesis, kop-ro-plan-a'sis (copro, planesis, 
wandering). Passage of feces through an unusual 
outlet, as in fistula. 
Copropoie'sis (copro, poiesis, making). Formation 
of feces. 
Coprorrhcea, kop-ror-rhe'ah (copro, rheo, to flow). 
Diarrhoea. 
Cop'ros. Feces. 
Coproscleroma (kop-ro-skler-o'mah) or Coproscle- 
rosis, kop-ro-skler-o'sis (copro, skleros, hard). Indu- 
ration of fecal matters. 
Coprosis (kop-ro'sis) or Coprostasia, kop-ro-stah'- 
ze-ah. Formation of feces ; defecation. 
Coprostasis, kop-ros'tas-is (copro, stasis, standing). 
Constipation or obstruction of the bowels, usually from 
stricture or constriction. 
Coprotic, kop-rot'ik. Eelating to feces; cathartics. 
Cop'rus. Excrement. 
Cop'te or Cop'ton (kopto, to beat or pound). Cake 
composed of vegetable substances, applied to the epi- 
gastric region as a cataplasm. 
Cop'tis or C. trifo'lia (kopto, to cut, in reference to 
the divided leaves). Goldthread, Mouthroot. The root 
of this evergreen is used in aphthous and other ulcer- 
ations of the mouth as a local application; internally 
it is a pure bitter. The alkaloid coptine has been ob- 
tained from it. C. tee'ta, root is a tonic and stomachic. 
Cop'ula (band). Ligament, articulation, commis- 
sure. C. carna'lis, coition. C. cartilagin'ea, see 
272 
CORACOID 
Synchondrosis. C. mag'na cer'ebri, corpus callosum. 
C. nervo'rum optico'rnm, optic chiasm. 
Copulation, kop-u-la'shun (copulo, to bind together). 
Coition. 
Copyo'pia, Copio'pia, or Copyopsia, kop-e-op'se-ah 
(kopos, fatigue, ops, eye). Fatigue of vision; weak- 
ness of sight; inability of the eye to sustain continued 
exertion. 
Cor, as a prefix, cum, with. 
Cor. Heart; corn. C. adipo'sum, fatty degenera- 
tion of the heart-muscle or increase of fat around the 
heart. C. aor'ticum or arterio'sum, see Heart. C. 
bilocula're, congenital deficiency of both auricles 
and ventricles may exist, the heart consisting of only 
two chambers. C. bovi'num, heart, hypertrophy of. 
C. dextrum, right auricle and ventricle of heart 
together. C. hirsu'tum or his'pidum, cor villosum. 
C. membrano'sum, auricular portion of the heart. 
C. musculozsum, ventricular portion of the heart. 
C. pulmona'le, C. dextrum; see Heart. C. sem'inis, 
embryo. C. sinis'trum, left auricle and ventricle 
together. C. tauri'num, heart, hypertrophy of. C. 
tomento'sum, cor villosum. C. veno'sum, right auricle 
and ventricle of heart. C. villo'sum, condition of the 
heart at times after pericarditis, when it is studded 
with projections of fibrinous matter from its surface. 
Cor'aco. In composition, appertaining or relating 
to the coracoid process. 
Coraco-acromial, kor-ak-o-ak-ro'me-al. Relating 
to the coracoid and acromion processes, as coraco- 
acromial ligaments. 
Coracobrachiaeus, kor-ak-o-brak-e-e'us. Coraco- 
brachialis. 
Coracobrachial, kor-ak-o-brak'e-al. Belonging 
both to the coracoid process and arm, as coraco- 
brachial bursa and ligament. 
Coracobrachia'lis or Coracobrachise'us. Muscle 
situate at the inner and upper part of the arm, arising 
from the coracoid process of the scapula, and inserted 
at the middle part of the inner side of the humerus. 
It carries the arm forward and upward, raising the 
humerus a little, and can also, by acting inversely, 
depress the shoulder. 
Coracocapsularis, kor-ak-o-kap-su-lar'is. Relating 
to the coracoid process and capsular ligament of the 
shoulder. Anomalous muscle is so called, which has 
similar origin and insertion. 
Coracocervica'lis. Relating to the coracoid process 
and cervical region. Anomalous muscle with such 
origin and insertion. 
Coracoclavi-axillary (kor-ak-o-klav-e-ax'il-lar-e) 
lig'ament. Suspensory ligament of the axilla. 
Coracoclavicular, kor-ak-o-klav-ik'u-lar. Belong- 
ing to the coracoid process and clavicle. C. lig'ament, 
Omoclavicular ligament, unites the clavicle to the cora- 
coid process. It is very irregular, and formed of two 
fasciculi, the conoid and trapezoid ligaments. 
Coracoclavicularis anticus (kor-ak-o-klav-ik-u- 
lar'is an-te'kus) or singula'ris. Anomalous muscle 
from clavicle and capsular ligament of shoulder to 
coracoid process. C. posti'cus, anomalous muscle 
from clavicle inserted into coracoid process and 
superior surface of scapula. 
Coracocostalis, kor-ak-o-kos-tal'is. Relating to 
coracoid process and ribs. 
Coracocubita'lis. Relating to coracoid process and 
forearm. 
Coraco'des. Coracoid. 
Coracoglenoidalis, kor-ak-o-glen-oid-al'is. Relating 
to coracoid process and glenoid cavity. 
Coracoglenoradia'lis. Relating to coracoid process, 
glenoid cavity, and radius; term applied to biceps 
flexor cubiti muscle. 
Coracohumeral, kor-ak-o-u'mer-al. Coracobrach- 
ialis. 
Coracohy'old. Omohyoideus. 
Coracoid, kor'ak-oid (fcoraz,crow, eidos, resemblance). 
Resembling the beak of a crow; name given by Galen 
to the short, thick process situate at the anterior part 
of the upper margin of the scapula. C. lig'ament, 
small fibrous fasciculus converting the notch at the CORACO-OLECRAN ALIS 
superior margin of the scapula into a foramen. 
C. notch, suprascapular notch. C. pro'cess, see 
Coracoid. 
Coraco-olecranalis, kor-ak'o-o-lek-ran-al'is. Mus- 
cular slip from coracoid process, uniting with common 
tendon of triceps muscle. 
Coracopectoralis, kor-ak-o-pek-tor-al'is. Pectoralis 
minor. 
Coracoradialis, kor-ak'-o-rad-e-al'is. Biceps flexor 
cubiti, or its short head only. 
Coracoscap'ular. Eelating to the coracoid process 
in its relation to other parts of scapula, as coraco- 
scapular foramen. 
Coraco-ulna'ris. Eelating to coracoid process and 
ulna; part of biceps flexor cubiti muscle inserted into 
fascia of forearm near the ulna. 
Coral (koreo, to adorn, hals, sea). Beautiful produc- 
tion of the deep, fixed to submarine rocks, in the 
form of a shrub; habitation of a multitude of 
Zoophyta, and formed of calcareous substance secreted 
by the animals themselves. It was formerly esteemed 
tonic, absorbent, astringent, etc., but it contains only 
calcium carbonate and a little gelatin. C. root, 
Corallorhiza odontorhiza. 
Corallina, kor-al-le'nah (dim. of Corallium, coral). 
Sea coralline, white worm weed; production of ani- 
mal belonging to the class Polypi, found in seas of 
Europe, particularly the Mediterranean. It has the 
appearance of a plant, salt taste, and marine smell, 
and was once used as a vermifuge. C. bifida, Corsi- 
ca'na, melitochor'ton, or ru'bra, Corsican worm- 
weed or moss; mixture of several marine plants and 
zoophytes, as fucus, ceramium, ulva, coralline, con- 
fervas, etc.; used in strong decoction for intestinal 
worms, also as a febrifuge. 
Cor'alloid. Like coral. C. fun'gus, Clavaria coral- 
loides. 
Corallorhiza (kor - al - lo - rhe' zah) multiflo'ra or 
odontorhi'za. Coral root; plant of the United States, 
whose root is diaphoretic. 
Cor'alwort. Clavaria coralloides. 
Corchorus humilis, kor'ko-rus hu'mil-is. Weed of 
E. Indies; demulcent, emollient, astringent, diuretic, 
and aphrodisiac. 
Corculum (dim. of Cor, heart). Small heart. C. 
germ'inis, germinal spot. See Molecule. 
Cord. See Chorda, Tendon. C., axis, primitive streak 
in embryology. C., bioplas'son, reticulum of branch- 
ing cells; reticulum of umbilical cord. C., dor'sal, 
notochord. C., false, superior vocal cords of larynx. 
C. of Ferrein', C., vocal. C., genital, cord-like ap- 
pearance made by fusion of Wolffian ducts with ducts 
of Muller; see Genital. C., gubernac'ular, fibrous part 
of gubernaculum testis; see Gubernaculum. C., lym- 
phatic, see Bubonulus. C., lymph'oid, lymph-tube. C., 
med'ullary, medullary tube. C. of Muller, Muller, duct 
of. C., sono'rous, membranous semicircular canals 
of ear. C., spermatic, see Spermatic. C., spi'nal, 
medulla spinalis; see Spinal. C., testic'ular, sper- 
matic cord. C., tympanic, chorda tympani. C., 
umbilical, funiculus umbilicalis. C-s, vo'cal (Fer- 
rein), ligaments of the glottis which Ferrein com- 
pared to stretched cords, to which he attributed the 
production of voice; see Thyreo-arytenoid ligament. 
C. of Weit'brecht, orbicular ligament of elbow. 
Cor'da. Chorda, cord. C. Hippoc'ratis, Achillis 
tendo. C. mag'na, Achillis tendo. C. spinalis, 
medulla spinalis. 
Cord'ate. Heart-shaped. 
Cor'dia Africa'na (after Gordius, a German bot- 
anist). Sebestena. C. Bossie'ri, Mexican species, 
source of anacahuite wood, used in consumption. C. 
calococ'ca, species from Jamaica ; fruit is expectorant 
and aphrodisiac, and root and leaves are used in skin 
diseases. C. domes'tica, sebestena. C. globo'sa, from 
this W. Indian species gout-tea is prepared; leaves 
are used in dropsy and cutaneous affections. C. 
myx'a, obli'qua, or officinalis, sebestena. C. sebes- 
ti'na or specio'sa, sebestena. C., smoothleaved, 
sebestina. 
Cor'dial (cor, heart). Tonic or excitant medicine, 
273 
COREPLASTY 
judged to be proper for exciting the heart; warm 
stomachic. C., God'frey's, see Godfrey. C., War'- 
ner's, see Tinctura rhei et sennas. 
Cordiceps (kor'de-ceps) purpu'rea. Claviceps pur- 
purea. 
Cord'iform (heart-shaped) ten'don of the di'a- 
phragm. Centre, phrenic. 
Cordinema, kor-din-a'mah (kara, head, dineo, to 
turn round). Headache accompanied with vertigo. 
See Carebaria and Scordinema. 
Cor'dis emuncto'rium. Axilla. 
Cordolium, kor-do'le-um (cor, heart, dolor, pain). 
Cardialgia. 
Cordon sanitaire (F.). Line of soldiers or others 
to prevent communication with an infected district. 
Cords. See Cord. 
Cordyle, kor' dil - e. Furuncle; bandage for the 
head. 
Core, ko're. Pupil; axile body or corpuscle. In 
composition, the pupil. 
Core, kore. Furunculus; central part of boil or 
carbuncle. 
Coreclisis (kor-ek'lis-is) or Corocleisis, kor-o-kli'- 
sis (core, kleio, to close). Closure or obliteration of 
the pupil. 
Corectasis, kor-ek'tas-is (core, ektasis, dilatation). 
Dilatation of the pupil. 
Corectenia, kor-ek-ten'e-ah (core, ektenia, exten- 
sion). Dilatation of the pupil by prolapse of the iris 
from external injury of the cornea. 
Corectodialysis, kor-ek-to-de-al'is-is (core, dialusis, 
separation, tome, incision). Coretomy. 
Corectomodialysis, kor-ek-to-mo-de-al'is-is. Core- 
tomy. 
Corectomy, kor-ek'tom-e (core, ektome, excision). 
See Coretomy and Iridectomia. 
Corectopia, kor-ek-top'e-ah (core, ec, out of, topos, 
place). Displacement of the pupil; condition of the 
iris in which one segment is larger than the other, so 
that the pupil is not in the centre. 
Coredialysis, kor-e-di-al'is-is (core, dialusis, separa- 
tion). Iridodialysis; coretomy. 
Coredias'tasis or Coredias'tole (core, diastasis, dila- 
tation, or diastole, dilatation). Dilatation of the pupil. 
Corelysis, kor-el'is-is (core, lusis, solution). Opera- 
tion for the detachment of adhesions between the 
edge of the pupil and the anterior capsule of the lens. 
Corema, kor-a'mah (koreo, to cleanse). Remedy 
proper for cleaning the skin. 
Core'megine (core, pupil, megas, large). Atropine. 
Coremetamorpho'sis (core, metamorphosis, trans- 
formation). Irregularity in contour of pupil. 
Coremetath'esis. Operation for artificial pupil; 
see Iridodesis. 
Coremorphoma, kor-e-mor-fo'mah (core, morphe, 
shape). Morbid change in the shape of the pupil; 
artificial pupil. 
Coremorphosis or Coromorphosis, kor-o-mor-fo'sis 
(core, morphosis, formation). Coreplasty. Operation 
for artificial pupil. See Coretomy and Iridectomy. 
Corencleisis, kor-en-kli'sis (core, enkleio, to include). 
Operation for artificial pupil, consisting in drawing 
out, through an incision in the cornea, a portion of 
the iris, and cutting it off; iridencleisis. 
Coreometer, kor-e-om'e-tur (core, metron, measure). 
Instrument to measure the diameter of the pupil. 
Coreon'cion, Coron'cion, or Coreoncium, kor-e-on'- 
se-um (core, onkos, a hook). Instrument hooked at its 
extremity, used by Langenbeck for the formation of 
artificial pupil; double-hooked forceps, used by Von 
Grafe, is similarly named. 
Coreopsis trichosperma, kor-e-op'sis trik-o-spur'- 
mah (koris, a tick, opsis, appearance). Tickweed or 
tickseed sunflower; indigenous plant, with large gold- 
en-yellow rays; used as an alterative. 
Coreparel'kysis (core, parelkusis, drawing aside). 
Operation for artificial pupil; see Iridodesis. 
Corephthi'sis (core, phthisis, wasting). Shrinking 
or contraction of the pupil. 
Coreplasty, kor'e-plas-te (core, plasso, to form). 
Operation for artificial pupil- CORESTENOMA 
Coresteno'ma (core, stenos, narrow). Narrowness 
of the pupil, congenital or acquired, by growths from 
the margin of the iris. 
Coretodialysis, kor-et-o-de-al'is-is (core, dialusis, 
separation). Coretomy; iridodialysis. 
Coretomedialysis, kor-et-o-me-de-al'is-is (core, tome, 
incision, dialusis, separation). Coretomy; iridectomy. 
Coretomy, kor-et'om-e (core, tome, incision). 
Iridectomy. Various operations for the formation of 
artificial pupil are included under this term. Simple 
incision of the iris for that purpose is variously called 
coretomy, iridotomy, coretotomy, and corotomy. Ex- 
cision of the iris or incision with loss of substance is 
called iridectomy, coretonectomy, and corectomy. 
Simple separation or tearing asunder of the iris from 
the ciliary ligament is termed iridodialysis, corodi- 
alysis, coredialysis, and coretodialysis. Such separa- 
tion with excision of the iris is called coretomedialysis 
and iridotomedialysis. Such separation with excision 
of the part of the iris detached is termed iridectome- 
dialysis. When a portion of the iris is left strangulated 
in the wound, it is termed iridencleisis, iridencleismus, 
and irodotomencleisis. See Iridectomy. 
Coretonectomy, kor-et-on-ek'tom-e. See Coretomy. 
Coretotomy, kor-et-ot'om-e. Coretomy. 
Coriamyrtin, kor-e-a-mur'tin. See Coriaria myrti- 
folia. 
Coriander, kor-e-an'dur. Coriandrum sativum. 
Coriandrum, kor-e-au'drum. Coriandrum sativum. 
C. cicu'ta, C. sativum, Cicuta aquatica, Conium macu- 
latum. C. cyna'pium, 2Ethusa cynapium. C. latifo'- 
llum, Sium latifolium. C. macula'tum, Conium rnacu- 
latum. C. sati'vum, coriander; seeds or fruit of cor- 
iander are officinal as Coriandrum (Ph. U. S.); car- 
minative, but chiefly used to cover the taste of other 
medicines. C. vulga're, C. sativum. 
Coriaria, kor-e-ah're-ah (corium, leather, owing to 
its leaves containing tannin). Small genus of plants, 
of which the most known is C. myrtifo'lia, myrtle- 
leaved sumach; plant of Southern Europe; its leaves 
were used for the adulteration of senna. The leaves 
and fruit are narcotico-acrid poisons in large doses, 
owing to the presence of a peculiar principle, Coria- 
myrtin (C30H36O101), resembling picrotoxin in its ac- 
tion; another alkaloid, coriarine, is also extracted 
from it. 
Corigin, kor'ig-een. Fucus crispus. 
Coriitis, kor-e-e'tis. Inflammation of the corium, 
a form of dermatitis. 
Corin''dine. Ptomaine analogous to parvoline and 
collidine. 
Corinthiacese, kor-inth-e-ah'se-e. See Vitis Corinth- 
iaca. 
Co'rion. Corium, chorion, Hypericum perforatum, 
Ranunculus sceleratus. 
Co'ris. Acanthia lectularis; cimex. C. Monspe- 
lien'sis, Symphytum petrseum. 
Corium, ko're-um. Skin of animals, especially 
when tanned. Cutis vera, or thickest part of human 
skin. Connective-tissue basis for epithelium of mu- 
cous membranes. C. phlogis'ticum, Inflammatory 
crust or buff, Buffy coat. Grayish crust or buff, vary- 
ing in thickness, observed on blood drawn from a 
vein during existence of violent inflammation, preg- 
nancy, etc.; particularly manifest in pleurisy. For 
its production there must be increase in the propor- 
tion of the fibrous element of the blood over that of 
the red corpuscles, with augmented aggregation of the 
latter. The blood is then longer in coagulating, and 
the red corpuscles have time to subside. In highly 
inflammatory conditions the huffy coat assumes a con- 
cave appearance on its upper surface, and the blood 
is therefore said to be cupped. The coagulative sub- 
stance has been called Bradyfibrin ; it is the ordinary 
fibrin of the blood, the only self-coagulable ingredient 
in it. When blood presents the above appearance, it 
is said to be huffy or sizy. The buffed and cupped 
appearance are also seen in chlorosis on account of 
the deficiency in the number of the white corpuscles. 
Cork tree, East In'dian. Adansonia digitata. 
Cork'wood. Duboisia myoporoides ; agave. 
274 
CORNEL 
Corm. Portion of bulb of a plant that is beneath 
the surface of the ground. 
Cormotridymus, kor-mo-trid'im-us {kormos, neck, 
tridumos, triple). Monster with three' distinct heads 
and necks. 
Corn {cornu, horn). In Great Britain, cerealia, or 
seeds which grow in ears, not in pods; in the United 
States, Indian corn. Zea mays. Small, hard, corneous 
tumor forming upon the foot, generally the toes; com- 
monly produced by pressure of tight shoes. The 
deeper portion, its base, is buried in the integuments, 
occasionally as far as the tendons and periosteum. 
Corns can be destroyed by knife or caustic, or by par- 
ing them down and pulling them out by the roots. 
In the way of palliation they must be constantly 
pared ; and to prevent pressure, soft plaster, spread 
upon linen or leather, may be applied, with a central 
hole to receive the corn; layer after layer of plaster 
being added until they attain the level of the corn. 
Lunar caustic, rubbed over the surface, will generally 
diminish its irritability. A combination of salicylic 
acid, cannabis indica, and collodion has been found 
efficacious in removing the corn. C. cock'le, Lychnis 
githago. C. er'got, see Ergot. C. flag, Gladiolus vul- 
garis. C. flow'er, Centaurea cyanus. C., Guin'ea, 
Panicum Italicum. C., In'dlan, Zea mays. C. mint, 
Mentha arvensis. C. pop'py, Papaver rhoeas. C. 
sal'ad, Valeriana dentata. C. silk, long delicate 
stigmata of Zea mays; diuretic in dropsy of heart 
and kidneys. C. smut, stigmata of maize or Indian 
corn. C., squir'rel, Dicentra Canadensis. C. starch, 
starch from seed of Zea mays. C., wild, Matricaria 
chamomilla. 
Corna'lian bodies. Corpuscles of Cornalia, or 
sporospermia, a parasitic organism in pebrine, a pe- 
techial disease of silkworms. 
Cornea, kor'ne-ah {cornu). Transparent or larnel- 
lated cornea. One of the coats of the eye, so called 
because it has resemblance to horn. It is termed 
transparent to distinguish it from the opaque-cornea 
opaca or sclerotic. It is convex anteriorly, concave 
posteriorly, forming nearly one-fifth of the anterior 
part of the eye, and representing a segment of a sphere 
about 0.625 in. in diameter. It is constituted of fine 
laminae or lamellae, in superposition: 1. Epithelial 
layer, made up of three layers of cells of different 
shape, flattened, tooth-like, and cylindrical. 2. Bow- 
man's membrane or anterior basal membrane. 3. Pa- 
renchyma or proper substance. 4. Posterior basal 
membrane, or m. of Demours or of Descemet. See 
Aqueous humor. 5. Endothelial layer. Between these 
layers are areolae or spaces-interlamellar spaces- 
assuming a tubular arrangement, hence called cor- 
neal tubes. The corneal groove, limbus corneae, is 
the margin of the cornea where it joins the sclerotica. 
C. cacumina'ta, staphyloma of the cornea. C., 
cloud'iness of, caligo. C., con'ical, staphyloma of 
the cornea. C. consum'ta, atrophy of the cornea. C. 
globo'sa, see Keratoglobus, Buphthalmos, Hydrophthal- 
mos, all of which are characterized by prominence of 
cornea. C., her'nia of, ceratocele. C., her'pes of, 
herpes corneae. C., lam'ellated, cornea. C.,leuco'ma 
of, see Leucoma. C. lu'cida, cornea. C. opa'ca, 
sclerotic; see Leucoma and Caligo. C. pellu'cida, 
cornea. C. scle'ra, sclerotic. 0. semicircula'ris, 
taenia semicircularis. C., su'garloaf, staphyloma of 
the cornea. C. tabefac'ta, atrophy of the cornea. C. 
transpa'rens, cornea. C., transplantation of, see 
Transplantation. 
Corneal, kor'ne-al. Relating or appertaining to the 
cornea. C. tubes, see Cornea. 
Corneitis, kor-ne-e'tis. Inflammation of the cornea; 
may be simple, strumous, or scrofulous, marginal- 
commencing at the extreme border of the cornea- 
chronic interstitial-dependent on hereditary syphilis 
-suppurative (see Ceratitis suppur ans), phlyctenular 
(see Herpes corneae), or complicated with iritis, corneo- 
iritis. Fascicular corneitis is a rare form, in which a 
narrow bundle of subconjunctival vessels is seen to 
extend on to the surface of the cornea. 
Cor'nel, alter'nate-leaved {comeus, horny). Cor- CORN EO-BLEPHARON 
nus alternifolia. C., Amer'lean red-rod, Cornus 
sericea. C., large-flow'ered, Cornus florida. C., 
pan'icled, Cornus paniculata. C., round-leaved, 
Cornus carcinata. C. tree, Cornus mas. C., white, 
Cornus paniculata. C., wild, Cornus florida. 
Corneo-blepharon, kor'ne-o-blef'ar-on (cornea, 
blepharon, eyelid). Adhesion between the cornea and 
the eyelid. 
Cor'neo-scle'ra. Sclerotic. 
Corneous, kor'ne-us (cornu, horn). Horny; having 
the nature or appearance of horn. C. lay'er of skin, 
see Skin. C. tis'sue, that which forms the nails. The 
cornea is a corneous membrane. 
Cornicula, kor-nik'u-lah (pl. of Corniculum). Small 
horns. C. of hy'oid bone, small cornua of that bone. 
C. inter'na, C. of hyoid bone. C. laryn'gis or San- 
torinia'na, supra-arytenoid cartilages, cartilages of 
Santorini; small very movable cartilages articulating 
with upper part of arytenoid cartilages. 
Cornicular, kor-nik'u-lar. See Anconoid. C. pro'- 
cess, coracoid process. 
Cornic'ulo- pharynge'al. Relating to cornicula of 
the larynx and the pharynx. 
Corniculum, kor-nik'u-lum (dim. of Cornu). Horn- 
shaped body; cupping instrument, shaped like a 
trumpet, having a hole at the top for sucking the air 
out, to diminish the pressure in its interior. See 
Cornicula. 
Cornification, kor-ni-fik-a'shun (cornu, fio, to be- 
come). Conversion into corneous or horny tissue. 
Corn'ified. Converted into corneous or horny 
tissue. 
Cornin, kor'nin. Bitter principle from Cornus 
florida ; another alkaline principle from it has been 
called Cornine. 
Cornix, kor'niks (crow's beak). Fornix cerebri; 
sharp process of bone. 
Cornu, korn'u. Corn, horn; conical, hard, epi- 
dermic projection, growing on the heads of certain 
animals, serving as a weapon of offence and defence. 
Anatomists have given this name to parts of the 
human body having nearly the same shape as the 
horns of animals; horny excrescence; a corneous 
wart which occasionally forms on the skin and re- 
quires the use of the knife. See Corn, Cornu cervi, 
Cervus. Zygomatic process of temporal bone. C. 
acus'ticum, ear-trumpet. C. ammo'nis, hippocam- 
pus major or pes hippocampi minor. Broad em- 
inence, curved on itself, and situate at the 
posterior part of the lateral ventricle. The 
accessorius pedis hippocampi, prominence usually 
formed by the base of the inferior cornu of the lat- 
eral ventricle of the brain, is merely a fold of the 
hemisphere. C. ante'rius or anti'eum ventric'uli 
latera'lis, Anterior cornu of the lateral ventricle. Por- 
tion of the lateral ventricle lodged in the middle of 
the lobe, and forming the commencement of that 
cavity. C. arie'tis, C. ammonis; hippocampus major. 
C. cer'vi or cervi'num, Hartshorn. Horns of various 
species of the stag. They contain about 27 per cent, 
of gelatin. The shavings, boiled in water, have been 
esteemed emollient and nutritive. When burnt, the 
shavings constitute Cornu cervi calcinatum or Cornu 
ustum, consisting of 57.5 per cent, of phosphate of 
lime. It has been given in osteomalacia, from a pre- 
sumption that the latter is due to deficiency of earthy 
matter in the blood, the fault, however, being in the 
agents of assimilation or the cells of nutrition. It 
has been proposed also as an excitant to the healthy 
action of the cells in tuberculosis. Calcis phosphas 
prsecipitatus (Ph. U. S.), calcii phosphas prsecipitata, 
calcis phosphas (Ph. Br.), precipitated phosphate of 
lime, precipitated phosphate of calcium, is the form 
employed; see also Cervus, Plantago coronopus. C. 
coccyge'um, see Cornua of coccyx. C. combus'tum, 
cornu cervi. C. cuta'neum, cornu; ichthyiasis. C. 
descen'dens ventric'uli latera'lis, digital cavity, de- 
scending or inferior cornu of the lateral ventricle. 
Termination of the lateral ventricle in the middle 
lobe of the brain, behind the fissure of Sylvius. C., 
ethmoid'al, middle turbinated bone. C. human'um, 
275 
CORODIASTASIS 
corn or skin; see Cornu. C. of hy'oid bone, see Hyoid. 
C., mid'dle, middle turbinated bone, descending horn 
of lateral ventricle. C. occipita'le, posterior horn of 
lateral ventricle. C. poste'rius or posti'cum ven- 
tric'ull latera'lis, Posterior cornu of the lateral ven- 
tricle. Triangular prolongation of the lateral ventricle 
of the brain into the substance of the occipital lobe. 
C. rupica'prae, horn of the chamois, having the same 
properties as the cornu cervi. C. sac'ri, prominence 
on bones of sacrum. 
Cornua, kor'nu-ah (pl. of Cornu). See Cornu and 
Turbinated bones. C. cartilag'inis thyroi'deas, emi- 
nences on thyroid cartilage-great or superior-articu- 
lated with the great cornu of the os hyoides, and 
small or inferior, united with the cricoid cartilage. 
C. cer'ebri, horns of lateral ventricles of the brain. C. 
coccy'gis, C. of the coccyx ; two small tubercular emi- 
nences at the base of the coccyx, articulated with 
those of the sacrum. C. cuta'nea, horny excrescences; 
ichthyosis. C. el'aphi, cornu cervi. C. fronta'lia, 
peduncles of corpus callosum. C. gland'ulse thy- 
roi'deae, C. cartilaginis thyroideae. C. hyoi'dei os'sis, 
C. of hyoid bone; four fragments of the os hyoides 
situate above the body of the bone, and distinguished 
into the small or superior and the great or lateral. C. 
lacryma'lia, lacrymal ducts. C. lima'cum, lac- 
rymal ducts; see Lacrymal punct'a. C. medul'laa 
spina'lis, anterior and posterior cornua of spinal 
cord. C., sac'ral, C. of sacrum; two tubercles situate 
at the posterior and inferior surface of the sacrum, 
sometimes united. C., sphenoid'al, see Sphenoidal 
cornua. C., sty'loid, see Hyoid bone. C. of thy'roid 
car'tilage, C. cartilaginis thyroidese. C. u'teri, C. of 
the uterus; angles of the uterus where the Fallopian 
tubes arise; Fallopian tubes themselves. C. ventric'- 
uli, C. cerebri. 
Corn'ual myeli'tis. See Myelitis. 
Cornucopia, kor-nu-ko'pe-ah. Extensions of the 
choroid plexuses of the fourth ventricle of brain in 
lateral recesses. 
Cor'nus al'ba. C. sericea. C. alternifo'lia {cornu, 
horn, owing to the hardness of the wood), Alternate- 
leaved cornel; indigenous; nat. ord. Cornaceae; bark 
is diaphoretic and astringent. C. amo'mus, C. sericea. 
C., blue'berried, C. sericea. C. circinazta, Round- 
leaved cornel or dogwood ; bark has been used for sim- 
ilar purposes with that of Cornus florida. C. fem'- 
ina, C. sericea. C. flor'ida, Dogwood. Dogtree, Box- 
tree, Bitter redberry, Large-flowered cornel, Male great- 
flowered dogwood, Florida dogwood, Virginian dogwood, 
Boxwood; bark of this tree, growing everywhere in 
the United States, has been long employed as a sub- 
stitute for cinchona ; the bark of the root is officinal 
(Ph. U. S.) under the name Cornus ; dose, from gss to 
£j. Active principle separated from it has received 
the name of Cornine. C. mas or mas'cula, Cornel tree, 
Cornelian cherry; indigenous in Greece; the fruit, 
called krania, is agreeably acid and prized by the 
Turks; flowers are astringent. C. mas odora'ta, 
Laurus sassafras. C. panicula'ta, Panicked or White 
cornel or Dogwood; indigenous; has been used as a sub- 
stitute for Cornus florida. C. rubigino'sa, C. sericea. 
C. sanguin'ea, C. sericea. C. seri'cea, Swamp dog- 
wood, Red willow, Rose willow, New England dogwood, 
Female dogivood, Silky-leaved dogwood, American red-rod 
cornel, Red-rod, Red osier, Blueberried dogwood, Blue- 
berried cornus; bark, it is said, is little inferior to that 
of Cinchona pallida in intermittents. C. tomento'sa, 
C. circinata. 
Cornutine, kor-nu'teen. Alkaloid, active deriva- 
tive from ergot by action of hydrochloric acid ; very 
poisonous, acting upon the vascular system ; used in 
hemorrhage from abortion and as a putrifacient; dose, 
gr- 
Co'ro, in composition, see Core. 
Corocleisis, kor-o-kleis'is. Closure or obliteration 
of the pupil. 
Corodialysis, kor-o-de-al'is-is (coro, dialusis, dissolu- 
tion). See Coretomy. 
Corodiastasis, kor-o-de-as'tas-is (coro, diastasis, sep- 
aration). Dilatation of pupil. CORODIASTOLE 
Corodiastole, kor-o-de-as'to-le (coro, diastole, dila- 
tation). Dilatation of pupil; coreclisis. 
Corol'la (dim. of Corona) infundibulifor'mis. See 
Tube, Fallopian. 
Coromegine, kor-om'eg-een (core, pupil, megas, 
large). Atropina; so called on account of its action. 
Coromeiosis or Coromiosis. kor-o-mi-o'sis (coro, mei- 
osis, diminution). Diminution of the size of pupil. 
Coromorphoma, kor-o-mor-fo'ma. Artificial pupil; 
coremorphoma. 
Coromorphosis, kor-o-mor-fo'sis. Formation of ar- 
tificial pupil. 
Coromydriasis, kor-o-mid-re'as-is. See Mydriasis. 
Coromydriatic, kor-o-mid-re-at'ik. Mydriatic. 
Corona, kor-o'nah. Crown. Rim of os uteri exter- 
num. C. cilia'ris, ciliary body. C. cor'dis, au- 
ricle of heart. C. den'tis, crown of a tooth. C. 
glan'dis, crown of glans penis. C., infe'rior, coro- 
noid process of ulna. C. posterior ul'nae, olecranon. 
C. ra'dians or radia'ta, radiating crown of Reil; 
fibrous cone. Fasciculi of white fibres radiate from 
the surface of the optic thalamus, excepting its inner 
side; the anterior fibres pass directly forward, the 
middle fibres outward, and the posterior backward, 
forming the corona radians; expansion of fibres of 
cerebral peduncles; remains of discus proligerus. C. 
ciliaris. C. re'gia, Trifolium melilotus. C. Reil'ii, 
C. radians. C., supe'rior, olecranon. C. trep'ani, 
crown of trephine. C. ul'nse, olecranon. C. Vene'- 
rea or Ven'eris, crown of Venus; syphilide of the 
forehead. 
Cor'onad. See Coronal aspect. 
Coro'nse (pl. of Corona) cilia'ris membran'ula. 
Ciliary zone. C. palpebra'rum, see Tarsus. C. tu- 
bulo'rum, crypts of Lieberkuhn. C. vagina'les, 
pieces of cotton for local intravaginal applications 
of remedies. 
Coronal, kor-o'nal (corona). Relating to the crown. 
Name formerly given to the frontal bone, because on 
it partly reposes the crown of kings. C. aponeuro'- 
sis, epicranial aponeurosis. C. as'pect, aspect to- 
ward the plane of the corona or crown. Coronad is 
used adverbially to signify toward the coronal aspect. 
C. bone, frontal bone. C. su'ture, suture of the head 
extending from one temporal bone to the other over 
the crown of the head, and uniting the parietal bones 
with the frontal. Suture coronal of the French anat- 
omists is the suture uniting the two halves of the os 
frontis at the early period of life; prolongation of the 
sagittal suture. 
Coronale, kor-o-nal'a. Frontal bone. 
Coronamen, kor-o-nam'en. Corona. 
Coronaria, kor-o-nar'e-ah. Coronary artery or 
vein. C. ventric'uli, gastric artery. 
Coronarius, kor-o-nar'e-us. Coronal, coronary. 
Nerve branches of which take the shape of a crown. 
C. stomach'icus, ramification of the eighth pair in 
the vicinity of the cardiac orifice of the stomach. 
Coronary, kor'o-na-re (corona, crown). Resembling 
a crown. C. ar'teries of the heart, cardiac arteries. 
C. ar'teries of the lip, branches of the facial artery 
supplying the lips, labial glands, etc. C. ar'tery of 
the stom'ach, branch of the coeliac passing toward 
the superior orifice of the stomach, extending along 
its lesser curvature, and ending by anastomosing with 
the pyloric branch of the hepatic. It furnishes 
branches to the inferior part of the oesophagus, the 
cardiac orifice, the great cul-de-sac, the middle part of 
the stomach, and the lesser omentum, and anastomoses 
with the other arteries of those organs. C. lig'ament 
of the liv'er, reflection of the peritoneum surrounding 
the posterior margin of the liver. The same term is 
likewise applied to ligaments uniting the radius and 
ulna, and to internal ligaments of the knee-joint. C. 
plex'us of the heart, anterior and posterior coronary 
plexuses of the heart are derived from the anterior 
and posterior cardiac plexuses; see Cardiac plexus. 
C. plex'us of stom'ach, plexus of nerves given off 
from the upper part of the solar plexus. C. sl'nus of 
the heart, sinus, coronary; s., venous. C. si'nus of 
Ridley, sinus coronarius, C.ten'dQns, fibro-cartilagi- 
276 
CORPORA 
nous rings at the orifices of the coronary arteries and 
aorta. C. valve, fold of the lining membrane of the 
auricle of the heart, protecting the orifice of the 
coronary sinus. C. vein of the stom/ach accompanies 
the artery, and terminates in the vena porta; some 
anatomists call all the four arteries of the stomach 
coronariae stomachic®; pyloric vein. C. veins of the 
heart, cardiac veins. 
Coroncion, kor-on'se-on. Coreoncion; iridoncion. 
Corone, kor-o'ne (a crow). Coronoid process of the 
lower jaw; cornix. 
Coroner, kor'o-ner (corona, crown). Officer of the 
Crown in Great Britain, or of a county in the United 
States, whose duty it is to verify death and its causes, 
with the assistance of a jury, in all questionable 
cases. The feeling is becoming general that this 
officer should be a medical man. See Body-searcher. 
C.'s in'quest, examination by the coroner as to the 
cause of accidental, sudden, or violent death. 
Coronilla (kor-on-il'lah) em'erus. Plant of S. 
Europe; purgative. G. jun'cea, plant of S. Europe; 
galactagogue. C. scorpioi'des, species of leguminous 
plant of south of France, which, with its glucoside, 
coronillin, is diuretic and heart tonic. C. va'ria, juice 
of this plant is emetic; leaves are purgative and 
diuretic. 
Coroni'tis. Inflammation of coronary substances 
of horse's hoof. 
Coro'no-fa'clal an'gle. Angle formed by line from 
incisor teeth and protuberance of forehead, prolonged 
to meet line projected in plane of coronal suture. 
Coronoid, kor'o-noid (korone, a crow, eidos, resem- 
blance). Resembling the beak of a crow; name 
given to two processes, one situate at the anterior 
and superior part of the ramus of the inferior maxillary 
bone, and affording attachment to the temporal mus- 
cles ; the other, a sharp process, situate at the supe- 
rior part of the ulna, anterior to the great sigmoid 
fossa, and forming a part of the hinge of the elbow- 
joint. C. depression or fos'sa, depression on hu- 
merus for reception of coronoid process of ulna. 
Coro'no-ju'gal in'dex. Fronto-zygomatic index. 
Coro'no-pari'etal in'dex. Relation of greatest 
frontal and transverse diameter of skull. 
Coronopodium, kor-on-o-po'de-um (korone, a crow, 
pous, foot, in allusion to the shape, etc. of the leaves). 
Plantago coronopus. 
Coronopus, kor-on'o-pus. Cochlearia coronopus. 
C. depres'sus, Cochlearia coronopus. C. Ruel'lii, 
Cochlearia coronopus. C. vulga'ris, Cochlearia cor- 
onopus. 
Coroparel'cysis (core, parelkusis, drawing aside). 
Operation of incising the cornea and drawing part of 
the iris through it, displacing the pupil. 
Corophthisis, kor-o-te'sis (core, phthisis, wasting). 
Wasting of the eye, with diminution of calibre of 
pupil. 
Cor'os. Satiety. 
Corosys'tole (core, systole, contraction). Contraction 
of the pupil. 
Corotomedialysis, kor-o-to-med-e-al'is-is. Coreto- 
medialysis. 
Corotomy, kor-ot'om-e (coro, tome, incision). Coret- 
omy; iridotomy. 
Corpora (pl. of Corpus) albicantia, kor'por-ah 
al-bik-an'she-ah. Mammillary eminences. C. amyla'- 
cea, amylaceous or amyloid bodies, starch-corpuscles, 
animal starch; name given by Virchow to micro- 
scopic bodies found in the human brain and spinal 
marrow-in the ependyma ventriculorum and its 
prolongations in the prostate and lungs-mingled 
with the proper nerve-elements; having chemical 
characters of cellulose; see Glycogenic matter. They 
differ, however, from starch in being nitrogenized. 
C. Aran'tii, noduli arantii, tubercula a. C. arena'- 
cea, abnormal concretions in dura mater; psammoma. 
C. bigem'ina, quadrigemina corpora. C. bul'bl forn'- 
icis, C. candicantia. C. candican'tia, albicantia 
corpora, mammillary eminences. C. caverno'sa, cav- 
ernous bodies. C. chalcedo'nica, see Psammoma. C. 
erectil'ia, erectile tissues, as of penis. C. fibro'sa, CORPORA 
tough semi-opaque fibrous bodies occasionally found in 
the ovaries, probably due to fibrous changes in the 
tissue of the corpus luteum. C. fibro-spongio'sa, 
cavernous bodies. C. fibro-spongio'sa pe'nis, C. cav- 
ernosa penis. C. fimbria'ta, fimbriated or fringed 
bodies; thin, flattened, and delicate band situate 
along the concave edge of the cornu ammonis, which 
is a continuation of the posterior crura of the fornix. 
C. genicula'ta, eminences situate at the lower and 
outer part of the optic thalami; each optic tract 
commences at the corpus geniculatum externum; 
the corpus geniculatum internum is merely a tu- 
bercle inserted into the bend or knee formed by 
the corpus geniculatum externum. C. glandulo'sa, 
seminal vesicles. C. globo'sa cervi'cis u'teri, 
Nabothi glandulae. C. granulo'sa, granular leuco- 
cytes ; corpuscles of the colostrum. C. labo'sa, Mal- 
pighian corpuscles. C. latera'lia, cavernous bodies. 
C. lie'nis, see Spleen. C. lu'tea, see Corpus luteum. 
C. Malpighia'na, Malpighian bodies, corpuscles or 
glomerules of Malpighi. Scattered through the plexus 
formed by blood-vessels and uriniferous tubes in the 
kidney, a number of small dark points may be seen 
with the naked eye, which received their name from 
Malpighi, their describer. Each of these, under the 
microscope, consists of a convoluted mass of blood- 
vessels, constituting the true glandule, corpuscle, or 
glomerule of Malpighi. It has been supposed that 
their office may be to separate the watery portions of 
the blood to be mixed with proper urinous matter; 
see Kidney. For Corpora Malpighiana of the spleen, 
see Spleen. C. mammilla'ria, mammillary eminences. 
C. menstrua'lia, see Corpus luteum. C. Morgagn'ii, 
hydatids of Morgagni; one or more short processes of 
the tunica vaginalis testis, containing fine blood- 
vessels, situate on the front of the globus major; 
after Morgagni, who first described them. C. ner'- 
veo-spongio'sa pe'nis, cavernous bodies. C. ner- 
vo'sa, cavernous bodies. C. oliva'ria or ova'ta, ob- 
long, whitish eminences situate at the occipital sur- 
face of the medulla oblongata, exterior to the corpora 
pyramidalia. C. op'to-stria'ta, optic thalami and 
corpora striata regarded as one mass. C. oryzoi'dea, 
rice-like growths in sheaths of tendons, bursae, or 
joints. Sputa sometimes seen in phthisis. C. ova'ta 
or ova'lia, corpora olivaria. C. Pacchio'ni, Pacchio- 
nian bodies. C. period'ica, see Corpus luteum. C. 
pisifor'mia, mammillary tubercles. C. pyramida'lia, 
two medullary bundles placed on either side of the 
anterior fissure; called corpora pyramidalia antica 
to distinguish them from C. olivaria or pyramidalia 
lateralia. Over a space commencing eight or ten 
lines below the pons and extending to the lower end 
of the medulla oblongata, a portion of each pyramid 
crosses to the opposite side-decussation of the pyr- 
amids. C. pyramida'lia posterlo'ra, see Corpora 
restiformia. C. pyramida'lia tes'tis, coni vasculosi. 
C. quadrigem'ina, Q. tubercula. C. restifor'mia, 
posterior pyramids, peduncles of medulla oblongata, 
inferior peduncles of cerebellum; two medullary pro- 
jections, oblong and of whitish appearance, proceeding 
from each side of the upper extremity of the medulla 
oblongata, and contributing to the formation of the 
cerebellum. The posterior pyramids-fasciculi gra- 
ciles-described as distinct from the restiform bodies, 
are situate in contact with each other, one on each 
side of the posterior median fissure. They become 
closely applied to the restiform bodies, and have been 
considered to be blended with them, and to proceed 
to form the cerebellum. According to some, they 
ascend to the cerebrum. C. Santorinia'na, cornicula 
laryngis. C. sesamoi'dea, C. Arautii. C. spongio'sa, 
cavernous bodies ; bulbi vestibuli; see Corpus spongi- 
osum urethree. C. stria'ta, anterior cerebral ganglion; 
pyriform eminences, of slightly brownish-gray color, 
forming part of the floor of the lateral ventricles of 
the brain. When cut, a mixture of white and gray 
substance is seen, arranged alternately, to which they 
owe their name. The tract of fibres ascending from 
the anterior pyramids passes chiefly into them. C. 
stria'ta super'na posterio'ra, thalami nervorum op- 
277 
CORPUS 
ticorum. C. tendin'ea, cavernous bodies. C. triti'- 
cea, see Hyoides os. C. vestib'uli, bulbi vestibuli. 
C. Wolffia'na, see Corpus Wolffianum. C. Wrisbergi- 
a'na, cuneiform cartilages. 
Corpse (carpus'). Body, cadaver. C. fat, adipocere. 
C. poi'sons, ptomaines. 
Corp'ulence. Obesity. 
Corpulent, korp'u-lent (corpus, body, lentus, thick). 
Fat, fleshy. Having unusual development of fat or 
flesh in proportion to the frame of the body. 
Corpulentia, korp-u-len'she-ah. Corpulence, obe- 
sity. C. carno'sa, muscular strength. 
Cor'pus. Body. Any object which strikes one or 
more of our senses. Gases, liquids, metals, vegeta- 
bles, animals, are so many bodies. Natural bodies 
have been divided into animal, vegetable, and min- 
eral ; or into inorganic, including the mineral king- 
dom, and organized, including the animal and vege- 
table. The chief differences between organized and 
inorganic bodies consist in the former having an or- 
igin of generation, growth by nutrition, and termina- 
tion by death; the latter a fortuitous origin, external 
growth, and termination by chemical or mechanical 
force. See Body and Corpora. C. adenifor'me, aden- 
o'des, or adenoi'des, prostate. C. adipo'sum, pingue- 
do. C. adventi'tium or alie'num, extraneous or for- 
eign body. C. al'bicans, see Corpora albicantia. C. 
al'bum subrotun'dum, anterior tubercle of optic thal- 
amus. C. alie'num, extraneous or foreign body. C. 
annula're, pons Varolii. C. callo'sum, white, medul- 
lary band, perceived on separating the two hemi- 
spheres of the brain, which it connects with each other. 
It was formerly regarded as the seat of the soul. On 
it are seen longitudinal and transverse fibres-striae 
longitudinales Lancisii, nerves of Lancisi (see Raphe), 
and striae or chordae transversales Willisii. The ante- 
rior portion is termed genu, the posterior flexure 
splenium or tuber. Fibres curving backward into the 
posterior lobes from the posterior border of the corpus 
callosum have been termed forceps; those passing 
directly outward into the middle lobes from the same 
point, tapetum; and those curving forward and in- 
ward from the anterior border to the anterior lobe, 
forceps anterior. Part extending backward from the 
genu is the rostrum. C. camera'turn, fornix cerebri. 
C. cand'leans or cand'idum, see Corpora albicantia. 
C. cauda'tum, see Corpus striatum. C. caverno'sum, 
see Cavernous bodies and Corpus spongiosum urethree. 
C. caverno'sum vestib'uli, bulbus vestibuli. C. cil- 
ia're, ciliary body, corpus dentatum ; see Ciliary. C. 
cine'reum, lamina cinerea, corpus dentatum. C. clit- 
or'idis, body of clitoris. C. colllc'uli stria'ti, ante- 
rior extremity of corpus striatum. C. communio'nis 
cer'ebri, fornix cerebri. C. con'icum Rosenmull'eri, 
parovarium, epobphoron. C. conifor'me or conoi'des, 
pineal gland. C. cor'dis, ventricle of the heart. C. 
cribro'sum, rete mucosum. C. crystal'linum or 
crystalloi'des, crystalline lens. C. denta'tum or 
denticula'tum, central oval nucleus, of cineritious 
substance, met with in the cerebellum, the circum- 
ference of which exhibits a number of indentations, 
surrounded by medullary substance. It is seen by 
dividing the cerebellum vertically into two equal 
parts. The term corpus dentatum, nucleus olivse, is 
also given to the ganglion of the corpus olivare, a 
yellowish-gray, dentated capsule, open behind, and 
containing medullary matter, from which a fasciculus 
of fibres proceeds upward to the corpora quadrigemina 
and thalami optici. C. discoi'des, crystalline. C. 
epididym'idis, body of the epididymis. C. exter'- 
num or extra'neum, extraneous or foreign body. C. 
fibro'sum, fibrous tumor. C. fimbria'tum, olivary 
nucleus; see Corporafimbriata. C. genlcula'tum, see 
Corpora geniculata. C. glandifor'me or glando'sum or 
glandulo'sum, prostate; corpus luteum. C. glandu- 
lo'sum muli'erum, vascular spongy eminence sur- 
rounding the orifice of the female urethra, and pro- 
jecting at its under part. C. globo'sum, pons Varolii. 
C. Highmo'ri or Highmoria'num, oblong eminence 
along the superior edge of the testicle, which seems 
formed of a reflection of the tunica albuginea, through CORPUS 
which the principal trunks of the seminiferous ves- 
sels pass before reaching the epididymis. C. hyali''- 
num or hyaloi'deum, C. vitreum. C. incomprehen- 
sib'ile, thymus gland. C. innomina'tum, see Organ 
of Giraldes ; paradidymis. C. lenticula'tum, lenticu- 
lar nucleus, dentate nucleus of cerebellum. C. Lieu- 
tand'ii, trigone of the bladder. C. lu'teum (yellow 
body), a small yellowish body perceived in the ova- 
rium, and left after the rupture of one of the vesicles. 
For every follicle in the ovary from which the ovum 
is discharged a corpus luteum will be found. It was 
for a long time considered an evidence of impregna- 
tion, but corpora lutea or menstrualia or periodica are 
met with in unquestionable virgins, although the cor- 
pora lutea of virgins differ materially in size and cha- 
racter from those of impregnation, true corpora lutea, 
in contradistinction to the other, false corpora lutea. 
The following table by Dalton well exhibits the dis- 
tinguishing characteristics of these two forms of cor- 
pus luteum: 
278 
CORPUSCLE 
the glans penis, which it forms. Where the urethra 
enters the bulb it is surrounded by a layer of erectile 
tissue, called by Kobelt Colliculi bulbi. He describes 
in the female, as the analogue of the corpus spongio- 
sum of the male, a venous plexus, which, as it lies 
between the glans clitoridis and the part that corre- 
sponds in the male to the bulb of the urethra, he 
terms par intermedia. C. spon'gio-vascula're, C. 
spongiosum urethrae. C. stern'i, mesosternum. C. 
stria'tum, lentiform nucleus; see Corpora striata. 
C. suprarena'le, capsule, renal. C. te'res, eminen- 
tia or fasciculus teres. C. thymia'num or thym'- 
icum, thymus. C. thyreoi'deum, thyroid gland. 
C. tib'ise, shaft of tibia. C. trapezoi'des or trape- 
zoi'deum, trapezium. C. trigo'num, see Urinary blad- 
der. C. trit'icum, cartilago triticea. C. turbina'- 
tum, pineal gland. C. varicifor'me or varico'sum 
tes'tis, epididymis. C. varico'sum, C. pampiniforme; 
spermatic cord; spermatic plexus; see Spermatic veins. 
C. vertebrae fronta'lis or ter'tiae, presphenoid bone. 
C. v. nasa'lis, vomer. C. v. occipita'lis or pri'mae, 
basioccipital bone. C. v. parieta'lis or secun'dse, 
basisphenoid bone. C. vit'reum, vitreous humor or 
body; transparent mass of a gelatinous consistence 
which fills the eye behind the crystalline lens; it is 
contained in cells formed by the tunica hyaloidea. 
C. Wolffia'num, Wolffian body, primordial kidney. At 
a very early period of foetal formation bodies are per- 
ceptible, first described by Wolff as existing in the 
fowl, and by Oken in the mammalia. According to 
Muller, they disappear in man very early, so that but 
slight remains of them are perceptible after the ninth 
or tenth week of pregnancy. They cover the region 
of the kidneys and renal capsules, which are formed 
afterward; they are presumed to be the organs of 
urinary secretion during the first periods of foetal 
existence. Remains of the tubules of the Wolffian 
body sometimes become the seat of formation of 
large cysts, Wolffian cysts, cysts of the broad liga- 
ment. 
Cor'puscle (dim. of Corpus, body). Small body or 
particle. Cell. See Corpuscles. C., amniot'ic, small 
growths from amnion surrounding umbilical cord. C., 
amyla'ceous or am'yloid, corpora amylacea. C., as- 
simila'tion, C. assisting in assimilation of food. C., 
ax'ile or ax'is, central part of tactile corpuscle. C., 
Bizzozero's, form of corpuscle considered by some as 
a hematoblast. C., black, osteoplast. 0., blood, 
globules of the blood. C., bone, see Lacunae of bone. 
C., calca'reous, calcigerous cells. C., car'tilage, see 
Cartilage; granular matter dividing nucleus of carti- 
lage-cell from capsule. C., cau'date, see Caudate. C., 
cement, bone-cells in cement of teeth. C., chyle, see 
Chyle. C., col'loid, corpora amylacea. C., colos'- 
trum, bodies in colostrum containing oil-globules. 
C. of Corna'lia, ovoid bodies in blood, tissues, etc. of 
silkworms; see Cornalia. C., cor'neal, corpuscles of 
Toynbee or Virchow; nucleated cells, giving off 
processes to unite with other processes to form a cell- 
ular network traversing the whole cornea. C., cy'- 
toid, leucocytes; see Cytoid. C. of Donn6, C., colos- 
trum. C., Eichhorst's, microcytes in blood of those af- 
fected with pernicious anaemia. C., elemen'tary, of 
Zimmerman, see Globules of blood. C., end, C., termi- 
nal; end-bulla. C., exuda'tion, plastic corpuscles; or- 
ganizable nuclei, exudation-cells of some, contained 
in fibrinous fluids, which are the origin of the new 
tissues formed from such fluid. C., fec'undating or 
fertilizing, spermatozoids. C., gan'glion or gan- 
glion'ic, see Neurine. C., gas'tric, epithelial cells or 
corpuscles of stomach. C., gen'ital, end-bulbs. C., 
germ, germ-cells. C., gi'ant, giant-cell; megalocyte. 
C., glan'diform, acinus; see Spleen. C. of Glu'ge, 
granules of fat seen in chronic cerebral softening and 
fatty degeneration. C., haem'atoblast, see Heemato- 
blast. C., Has'sall's, striated c. in medulla of thymus 
gland. C. of Hayem, see Blood-globules. 0., Hen'- 
sen's, elliptical c. in outer hair-cells of organ of Corti. 
C., hy'aline, extension globules. C., infiam'matory, 
C., exudation. C. of Krause, Krause, end-bulbs of; 
Pacinian corpuscles. C. of Laennec, fibroid granules 
Corpus JLuleum of Men- Corpus Luteum of Preg- 
struation. nancy. 
At the end 
of 3 weeks. 
One 
month. 
J in. in diameter; central clot reddish; convo- 
luted wall pale. 
Smaller; convoluted 
wall bright yellow; 
clot still reddish. I 
Larger; convoluted wall 
bright yellow ; clot still 
reddish. 
Two 
months. 
Reduced to the condi- 
tion of an insignif-| 
leant cicatrix. 
I in. in diameter; convo- 
luted wall bright yellow; 
clot perfectly decolorized. 
Four 
months. 
Absent or unnotice- 
able. 
Size about as at two 
months; clot pale and 
fibrinous; convoluted 
wall dull yellow. 
Six 
months. 
Absent. 
Still as large as at the end 
of the second month. 
Clot fibrinous. Convo- 
luted wall paler. 
Nine 
months. 
Absent. 
i in. in diameter; central 
clotconvertedinto a radi- 
ating cicatrix; external 
wall tolerably thick and 
convoluted, but without 
any bright-yellow color. 
Sometimes the corpora lutea assume a cystic form, cystic 
corpora lutea. C. mam'mse, strictly glandular part of 
mamma. C. mammilla're, mammillary eminences; 
see Corpora albicantia. C. mandib'ulse, body of lower 
jaw. C. mediasti'num, C. Highmorianum. C. me- 
dulla're, C. dentatum of cerebellum; centrum ovale. 
C. menstrua'le, see Corpus luteum. C. muco'sum, mu- 
cous web; second layer of the skin, situate between 
the cutis vera and cuticle, and giving color to the 
body; in the white varieties of our species it is color- 
less, in the negro black. C. nervo'sum cu'tis, C. 
papillate; papillary layer of skin. C. ni'gricans or 
ni'grum, C. luteum containing dark pigment or 
blood-clot. C. occip'itis, basilar process. C. Oken'se, 
corpus Wolffianum; mesonephros. C. oli'vse, oliva'- 
re, or oliva'rium, see Corpora olivaria and C. restifor- 
mia. C. op'to-stria'tum, thalamus opticus and cor- 
pus striatum, regarded as anatomically one. C. pam- 
pinifor'me (pampinus, tendril), plexus or retiform ar- 
rangement of the spermatic arteries and veins in the 
cavity of the abdomen, anterior to the psoas muscle; 
parovarium; epoophoron. C. papilla're, nervous and 
vascular papillae situate beneath the epidermis, called 
by Breschet Neurothelic apparatus; derma. C. pha- 
coi'des, crystalline lens. C. pitulta're or pituita'- 
rium, pituitary gland. C. psalloides, lyra. C. py- 
ramida'le, pyramid; restiform body; C. dentatum ; 
septum lucidum; C. striatum; olivary body; pineal 
gland; see Corpora pyramidalia. C. restifor'me, see 
Corpora restiformia. C. reticula're, C. mucosum, C. 
papillare. C. retifor'me, bulbus vestibuli. C. rhom- 
boida'le or rhomboi'deum, C. dentatum; trapezium; 
C. fimbriatum. C. ru'brum, C. luteum, reddened by 
blood passing through it. C. semiova'le, see Corpora 
olivaria. C. serra'tum, C. dentatum. C. speculate, 
septum lucidum. C. sphenoida'le, body or central 
portion of sphenoid. C. spongio'sum ure'thrse, this 
substance arises before the prostate gland, surrounds 
the urethra, and forms the bulb; it then proceeds to 
the end of the corpora cavernosa, and terminates in CORPUSCULA 2 
on pericardium. C., lymph, lymphatic, or lymph'- 
oid, see Lymph. C. of Malpig'hi, corpora Malpighi- 
ana. C., mar'ginal, see Marginal. C., med'ullary, 
cells of marrow; odontoblast. C. of Meiss'ner, cor- 
puscula tactus. C. of Miescher, Rainey's bodies. C., 
mi'gratory, wandering cells; lymph-corpuscles. C., 
milk, oil-globules of that fluid. C., mu'cous, see 
Mucus. C., mus'cular, cell-like bodies in striated 
muscular tissue. C., nerve, see Neurine. C. ofNor'- 
ris, hiematoblast; colorless transparent bodies in the 
blood, probably red blood-corpuscles deprived of 
hjemoglobin. C., nu'clear, nucleolus. 0., os'seous, 
see Lacunse of bone. C. of Pacchio'ni, Pacchioni, 
glands of. C., Pacinian, from Pacini, an Italian 
physician, who first noticed them in 1830. They 
appear to have been depicted in 1741 by Lehmann, 
from a preparation by A. Vater, who called them 
Papillse and P. nervse; hence called Vaterian cor- 
puscles or corpuscles of Vater. Small bodies con- 
nected with the cutaneous nerves of the palm and 
sole; found sparingly and inconstantly in nerves at 
the wrist and elbow, the upper arm, forearm, and 
thigh, and in the intercostal nerve, the sacral plexus, 
solar plexus, and the plexuses adjacent to it. In each 
corpuscle there is the termination of a nervous fila- 
ment. C., palpa'tion, corpuscula tactus. C., plas'- 
tic, corpuscles, exudation. C. of Purkin'je, see Ca- 
naliculus. C., pus or py'oid, see Pus. C., Rainey's, 
see Bainey. C. of Reiss'ner, see Reissner. C., sal'- 
ivary, globules in saliva like white corpuscles of 
blood. 0., sen'sual, end-bulbs. C., spleen or 
sple'nic, corpuscles of Malpighi; see Spleen. C., 
starch, corpora amylacea. C., tac'tile, corpuscula 
tactus. C., ter'minal, bodies which are terminal 
points of sensory nerves. C., third, see Blood- 
globules. C. of thy'mus, C., Hassall's. C., touch, cor- 
puscula tactus. C. of Toyn'bee, see Corpuscles, corneal. 
C., transparent, of Nor'ris, haematoblast. C. of 
Troltsch, C. situate between fibres of layers of mem- 
brane of tympanum. C. of Va'ter, C., Pacinian. C. 
of Vir'chow, see Corpuscles, corneal. C. of Wag'ner, 
corpuscula tactus. C., Weber'ian, uterus masculinus; 
see Ejaculatory ducts. C., white, see Blood-globules. 
C., white, gran'ulated, see Globulin. C. of Zim'mer- 
man, hsematoblasts. 
Corpuscula (pl. of Corpusculum) Arantii, kor'por-ah 
ar-an'she-e. Tubercula Arantii; see Sigmoid valves. C. 
glandula'rum simil'ia intestino'rum, Peyeri glandu- 
ke. C. globo'sa cervi'cls u'teri, Nabothi glandulse. 
C. Laennec'ii, fibroid granulations occasionally ob- 
served on thickened portions of the pericardium. C. 
Malpig'hii, corpora Malpighiana. C. os'sium, see 
Lacunse of bone. C. san'guinis, globules of blood. 
C. sem'inis, spermatozoa. C. sesamdi'dea, see Sig- 
moid valves. C. tac'tus, tactile or touch corpuscle, 
corpuscles of Wagner or of Meissner, axile bodies; 
bodies composed of a horizontally laminated mass of 
areolar tissue, found in the papillae of parts endowed 
with great tactile sensibility. Nerves of touch com- 
municate with them, and their function is probably 
to render the sense more acute. C. tritic'ea, see 
Hyoides os. C. Weberia'na, see Ejaculatory ducts. C. 
Wrisberg'ii, cuneiform cartilages. 
Corpuscular, kor-pus'ku-lar. Relating to or con- 
taining corpuscles or atoms. 
Corpuscula'tion. Increase in dimensions and num- 
ber of the blood-corpuscles. 
Corpusculum, kor-pus'cu-lum (dim. of Corpus, 
body). Corpuscle. C. Aran'tii, see Sigmoid valves. 
C. con'icum Rosenmiill'eri, parovarium. C. lac'tis, 
milk-corpuscle. C. lie'nis, Malpighian corpuscle. C. 
Malpighia'na or Malpig'hii, Malpighian corpuscle. 
C. Meissner'!, -tactile corpuscle. C. Morgagn'i, cor- 
pus Arantii. C. os'seum, bone-corpuscle. C. ova'tum, 
glomerule of kidney. C. re'num, Malpighian cor- 
puscle. C. san'guinis, blood-corpuscle. C. Santori'- 
ni, corniculum laryngis. C. sem'inis, spermatozoid. 
C. sesamoi'deum, see Sigmoid valves. C. tritic'eum, 
see Thyreohyoid membrane. C. Weberia'num, see 
Ejaculatory ducts. Uterus masculinus. C. Wrisberg'ii, 
see Cuneiform cartilages of the larynx. 
279 
) CORSET 
Cor'rageen. Carrageen. 
Corrago, kor-rah'go. Borago officinalis. 
Corre, kor're {keiro, to shave). The temple; the 
hair. 
Correction, kor-rek'shun {corrigo, to correct). Act 
of correcting medicines-that is, of diminishing their 
energy or obviating unpleasant effects-by mixing 
them with substances which modify their operation. 
Removing abnormal condition or deformity. 
Corrective. Corrigent. 
Corrector, kor-rek'tor. Corrigent. 
Correlation, kor-rel-a'shun (cor, refero, relatum, to 
accomplish). Relation or dependence of one part on 
another. See Synergy. 
Corresponding points. Points on the two retinas 
which coincide and are absolutely identical. 
Corrigan's (kor'rig-an's) cautery. Button cautery. 
C.'s disease, insufficiency of the sigmoid valves of 
the aorta ; after Dr. Corrigan, who described it. C.'S 
pulse, jerking or water-hammer pulse produced by 
aortic regurgitation. 
Corrigeen (kor'rig-een) moss. Fucus crispus. 
Corrigent, kor'ri-jent (same etymon as Correction). 
That which corrects; in a pharmaceutical formula a 
substance added to a medicine to mollify or modify 
its action, as oleum menthae in the following formula: 
Aloes, 3j. 
Olei menthse, gtt. v. 
Syrup, q. s. ut fiant pilulse xvj. 
Corrigia, kor-rij'e-ah (corium, leather). Leathern 
straps; hence term for tendons and ligaments. 
Corrobal, kor-ro-bal'. Curare. 
Corroborant or Corroborative, kor-rob'or-a-tiv 
(corroboro, to strengthen). Restorative, bracing; sub- 
stance which strengthens and gives tone. Tonic. 
Corro'dent or Corroding, kor-ro'ding (cor, rodo, to 
gnaw). Corrosive. 
Corrosion, kor-ro'zhun. Action or effect of cor- 
rosive substances. 
Corrosive, kor-ro'siv. Substances which, when 
placed in contact with living parts, gradually dis- 
organize them, as caustic alkalies, mineral acids, cor- 
rosive sublimate, etc. They act either directly, by 
chemically destroying the part, or indirectly, by 
causing inflammation and gangrene. C. chlo'ride, 
hydrargyri chloridum corrosivum. C. poi'son, see 
Poison. C. sublimate, hydrargyri chloridum cor- 
rosivum. 
Corroval, kor-ro-val'. Form of curare. A poison- 
ous alkaloid called corrovaline has been procured from 
it. 
Corrugatio, kor-ru-gah'she-o. Corrugation. C. cu'- 
tis, wrinkle. 
Corrugation, kor-ru-ga'shun (cor, ruga, wrinkle). 
Wrinkling, frowning. Contraction of the corrugatores 
supercilii muscles. Corrugation of the skin is often 
owing to the application of styptics. 
Corrugator (kor-ru-gah'tor) coite'rii or supercilii, 
su-per-sil'e-e. Muscle situate in the eyebrows, at- 
tached by its inner extremity to the superciliary ridge, 
and confounded externally with the occipito-fron- 
talis and orbicularis palpebrarum; it carries the eye- 
brow inward and wrinkles the skin of the forehead. 
C. cu'tis a'ni, dilator ani internus; termination of 
fibres of muscularis mucosa; of rectum. C. glabel'lse, 
C. supercilii. C. lazbii inferio'ris, part of depressor 
anguli oris from angle of the mouth, which puckers 
the lower lip. C. posti'cus, occipitalis transversus. 
Corruption, kor-rup'shun {corrumpo, to destroy). 
Act of corrupting; state of being corrupted; state of 
puriform, putrid, or other breaking down of parts or 
humors; pus; abortion. 
Cor'sa or Cor'se. Temporal region; hair. 
Corse {corpus). Cadaver. 
Corset {corpus, body). Article of dress closely em- 
bracing the trunk, and much used by females in civil- 
ized countries. When corsets or stays are worn very 
tight, serious evils result from the unnatural compres- 
sion. Bandages or other close-fitting apparatus em- 
bracing the greater part of the chest and abdomen 
are -also called corsets. An orthopedic corset is one CORT 2 
intended to obviate deviation of the stature or spinal 
deformity. 
Cort (abbrev. for Cortex). Bark. 
Cortex, kor' teks. Bark. Often applied exclu- 
sively to cinchona, but it means also any bark. C. 
adstrin'gens Brasilien'sis, astringent bark first in- 
troduced from Brazil into Germany; said to be ob- 
tained from Mimosa cochleacarpa or virginalis, but 
now referred to Stryphnodendron barbatimao, barba- 
timao. Used in all cases in which astringent barks 
are indicated. C. alcornoco, alcornoco bark. C. 
ama'rus, bark of Croton pseudo-china. C. angustu'rse, 
cusparia bark. C. ani'si stellat'i, see lllicium anisa- 
tum. C. antifebri'lis, cinchona bark. C. antiquart'- 
ius, cinchona bark. C. antiscorbu'ticus, Canella 
alba. C. auran'tii, see Citrus aurantium. C. auran'- 
tii ama'ri, bitter orange-peel. C. beberu or bibiru, 
Nectandree cortex. C. benedic'tus, bark of Guiacum 
officinale. C. braye'rse anthelmint'icse, see Rottlera 
Schimperi. C. cabar'ro, alcornoco bark. C. canel'lse 
Malabar'icse, Laurus cassia. C. cardina'lis del lugo, 
cinchona. C. caryophylla'tus, see Myrtus caryophyl- 
lata. C. caryophylloi'des, Laurus culilawan. C. 
cerebel'li, the greater part of the gray substance of 
the cerebellum is on the surface or cortex. C. cer'- 
ebri, cortical, cineritious, vesicular, or gray substance 
of the brain. Gray portion observed at the exterior 
of the cerebrum and cerebellum. The name cortical 
is likewise given to the external substance of the kid- 
neys, because it is of a deeper color than the inner 
part of the organ, and forms a kind of envelope to it. 
C. chabar'ro, alcornoco bark. C. chacaril'lse, Croton 
cascarilla. C. chi'nae, cinchona. C. chi'nse calisay'se, 
yellow cinchona. C. chi'nee fla'vus or lu'teus, yel- 
low cinchona. C. chi'nse rubber, red cinchona. C. 
cincho'nae, cinchona bark. C. c. flav'se, yellow cin- 
chona. C. c. fus'cus or pal'lidse, pale cinchona. C. 
c. ru'ber, red cinchona. C. corno'va or coro'a, bark 
of E. Indian plant; stomachic and febrifuge. C. 
cor'ticis, external part of cortical portion of kid- 
ney. C. crass'ior, Laurus cassia. C. culilaban or 
culilawan, Laurus culilawan. C. den'tium, enamel. 
C. eleuthe'rise, Croton cascarilla. C. febrif'ugus or 
febri'lis, cinchona bark. C. fla'vus, yellow cinchona ; 
Cinchona: cordifolise cortex. C. garou, bark of Daphne 
mezereum. C. of hair, fibrous portion of shaft of 
hair. C. hippocas'tani, horse-chestnut bark. C. Jes- 
uit'icus, cinchona. C. lavo'la, see lllicium anisatum. 
C. Magellan'ieus, see Wintera aromatica. C. mali- 
co'rii, pomegranate rind. C. Monspeli'acus, C. ga- 
rou. C. muse'nee, see RottleraSchimperi. C. nectan'- 
drse, bebeeru bark. C. oss'eus den'tis, see Tooth. C. 
o'vi, cortical membrane; usually regarded as a uterine 
production, and designated decidua reflexa; see De- 
cidua membrana. C. pal'lidus, pale bark; Cinchonas 
lancifoliae cortex; C. cinchonae fuscus. C. pa'trum, 
cinchona. C. Perua'nus or Peruvia'nus, cinchona. C. 
proflu'vii, Nerium antidysentericum. C. re'gius, Cin- 
chonae cordifoliae cortex. C. re'nis, see Kidney. C. 
ru'ber, red cinchona bark; Cinchonae oblongifoliae 
cortex. C. sapona'rius, bark of Mimosa saponaria. 
C. stria'tus den'tium, enamel of the teeth. C. thu'- 
ris, Croton cascarilla. C. thyme'leae, mezereon. C. 
ul'mi, slippery-elm bark. C. Wintera'nus, Winter's 
bark. C. Wintera'nus spu'rius, Canella alba. 
Corti (kor'te), arch'es of. See Corti, organ of. C., 
canal' of, see C., organ of. C., fi'bres of, see C., organ 
of. C., gan'glion of, ganglion Cortii. C., mem'- 
brane of, see C., organ of. C., or'gan of (after the 
Italian anatomist), peculiar and complicated arrange- 
ment in the cochlea, including various cellular and 
rod-like structures covered by the membrana tectoria 
or membrane of Corti, resting on the membrana basi- 
laris or basilar membrane-lamina spiralis membra- 
nacea - and arranged like piano-forte keys. The 
fibres or rods or arches of Corti are attached to the 
margins of the inner zone of the basilar membrane; 
they meet like the beams of a roof, and from their 
junction a very delicate network extends, the lamina 
or membrana reticularis or velamentosa. Resting on 
the articulating ends of the inner rods is a row of 
280 
3 COSCINA 
ciliated cells, while three rows are placed external to 
the outer rods, attached by their pointed extremities 
to the membrana basilaris (cells of Corti). Alternat- 
ing with the latter are the cells of Dieters, while epi- 
thelium cells cover the upper surface of the remain- 
ing portion of the basilar membrane. Rods and cells 
of Corti probably admit of movement on one another, 
and, from their intimate connection with the gangli- 
onic nervous structure, doubtless play an important 
part in the perfection of audition. The part of the 
membranous labyrinth between the tectorial and basi- 
lar membranes is called Canal of Corti. Tunnel formed 
by arches of Corti and basilar membrane is called Tun- 
nel of Corti. C., rods of, see Corti, organ of. C., tun'- 
nel of, see C., organ of. 
Cor'tical (cortex, bark). Belonging to the bark or 
cortex. C. arch, part of cortex of kidney passing 
from one cortical column to another. C. ar'teries, 
those distributed to cortical part of brain or spinal 
cord. C. blind'ness, blindness dependent on disease 
or injury of cortical part of brain. C. cat'aract, 
cataract dependent on opacity of cortex of crystal- 
linelens. C. col'umns, processes of cortical substance 
of kidney, passing between the pyramids. C. ep'ilep- 
sy, Jacksonian epilepsy. C. mat'ter of brain, cortex 
cerebri. C. mem'brane, cortex ovi. C. paral'ysis, 
paralysis from disease or injury of cortical portion of 
brain. C. sub'stance of brain, cortex cerebri. C. s. 
of kid'ney, see Kidney. C. s. of teeth, see Tooth. 
Cortu'sa America'na (after Prof. J. A. Cortusi, bot- 
anist of Padua). Heuchera cortusa. 
Coruscation, kor-us-ka'shun (corusco, to flash). 
Lightning as supposed cause of epilepsy; subjective 
sensation of light. 
Corvisartia (kor-vis-ar'te-ah) helen'ium (after Cor- 
visart, physician to Napoleon I.). Inula helenium. 
Corybantiasm (kor-e-ban'te-asm) or Coryban'tism 
(from Corubas, one of the Corybantes). Name for- 
merly given to frenzy or acute mania and convulsive 
movements in which the sick wTere tormented by fan- 
tastic visions and perpetual want of sleep. 
Corydaline, kor-id'al-een. Alkaloid (CjsHioJIO:) 
from Corydalis formosa and Corydalis tuberosa; tonic, 
diuretic, alterative, and antiperiodic. 
Corydalis (kor-id'al-is) bulbo'sa. Fumaria bulbosa. 
C. Canaden'sis, Dicentra Canadensis. C. ca'va, Fu- 
maria bulbosa. C. formo'sa, turkey corn or pea; the 
root of this indigenous plant is tonic, diuretic, and 
alterative. C. tubero'sa, Fumaria bulbosa. 
Corylus (kor'il-us) (korus, helmet) or C. avella'na. 
Hazelnut tree, ord. Amentacese; the nut-filbert, ha- 
zelnut-of this tree is eaten in many countries; like 
all nuts, it is not easy of digestion. C. rostra'ta, 
beaked hazel; indigenous shrub; the short thick 
bristles have been given as an anthelmintic in the 
same cases and doses as mucuna. 
Corymbose, kor'im-boze (korumbos, cluster). Term 
used for cutaneous affections characterized by ar- 
rangement of eruption in groups or clusters. 
Coryne, kor'in-e (club). Penis; point of elbow. 
Coryphe, kor'if-a. Acme, vertex; nape of neck. 
C. cor'dis, base of heart; apex of heart; see Mucra. 
Corys, kor'is. Vertex. 
Coryza, kor-i'zah (korus, the head, zeo, to boil). Ca- 
tarrh, nasal catarrh; vulgarly, running at the nose, 
cold in the head. Inflammation attended with in- 
creased discharge of the Schneiderian membrane lin- 
ing the nose and the sinuses communicating with it; 
generally subsides without medical treatment. Chron- 
ic coryza is termed, also, ozeena benigna when accom- 
panied by an offensive discharge. See Oziena. C. 
blennorrho'ica, purulent coryza. C. caseo'sa, case- 
ous matter in nasal passages. C. enton'ica, ozsena. 
C., idiosyncrat'ic, hay fever. C. malig'na, ozaena. 
C. neonato'rum, nasal catarrh or snuffles of new- 
born children. C. ozaeno'sa or purulen'ta, ozaena. 
C., periodic, hay fever. C. scarlatino'sa, morbid 
condition of the Schneiderian membrane in bad cases 
of scarlatina. C. ulcero'sa or virulen'ta, ozaena. 
C. u'teri, leucorrhcea. C., va'so-mo'tor, hay fever. 
Coscina, kos-ce'nah. See Cribration. COSCINISM 2 
Coscinism, kos'kin-ism (koskinon, a sieve). Cribra- 
tion. 
Cosmesis, kos-ma'sis. Use of cosmetics; method 
of improving and preserving natural beauty. 
Cosmetics, kos-met'iks (kosmeo, to adorn). Art of 
improving the beauty, and different means employed 
for that purpose. All the compounds used, however- 
as zinc oxide, bismuth subnitrate, magnesia, etc.--in- 
jure the skin, and may give rise to unpleasant cuta- 
neous affections. Frequent ablution with cold water 
and bathing are the best cosmetics. Cosmetics in- 
clude essences, soaps, and all the preparations in- 
tended for the toilet. 
Cosmetology, kos-met-ol'o-je (kosmeo, to adorn, 
logos, discourse). Treatise on dress and cleanliness of 
the body. 
Cosmibue'na acumina'ta. Peruvian tree once 
supposed to be a source of cinchona. Cascarilla. 
Cos'mic disease (worldly disease). Syphilis. 
Cos'moline. See Petrolatum. 
Cos'mos (the world). Order supposed to preside 
over critical days. 
Cossa, kos'sah. Haunch ; hip. 
Cossin, kos'sin. Koussin. 
Cos'sus or Cossis, kos'sis. Worm in intestines of 
horses. Small vermiform pimples on the face (acne), 
from inflammation of the sebaceous follicles. 
Costa, kos'tah (custodio, to guard). Rib. The ribs 
are twenty-four in number, twelve on each side. They 
are irregular, long, bony curves, slightly flattened, 
and situate obliquely at the sides of the chest. In- 
tervals between them are called intercostal spaces, 
and they are numbered first, second, third, etc., reck- 
oning from above to below. They have been distin- 
guished into costae verse or true ribs, and costae 
spuriae or false ribs. True or sternal ribs are the first 
seven, articulated at one extremity to the spine, and 
at the other by cartilages, haemopophyses of Owen, 
to the sternum. The false, asternal, or short ribs are 
the remaining five, the uppermost three being united 
by cartilages to the cartilage of the last true rib. 
The others are free at their sternal extremity, and 
hence have been called floating ribs, costae fluctu- 
antes. The slightly expanded vertebral extremity of 
each rib is called the head of the rib, capitulum 
costae; the space between this and the tubercle is the 
collum or neck. Anterior to the tubercle is the 
angle, angulus or cubitus costae. The angle is the 
part where the bone bends to form the lateral part of 
the thorax. 
Cos'tse (gen. of Costa) asterna'les or fal'sae. See 
Costa. C. capit'ulum, see Costa. C. fluctuan'tes, see 
Costa. C. illegit'imae, false ribs. C. legit'imae, true 
ribs. C. mendo'sae, no'thae, or spu'riae, false ribs; 
see Costa. C. sterna'les or ve'rae, see Costa. C. ver- 
tebra'les, floating ribs; see Costa. C. ver'tebro- 
spina'les, sternal ribs; see Costa. 
Costal, kos'tal. Appertaining or relating to a rib. 
C. an'gle, angle of rib. C. arch, curve made by the 
edges of inferior costal cartilages at the lower open- 
ing of the thorax. C. car'tilages, see Costa. C. 
nerves, intercostal nerves. C. pleu'ra, pleura lining 
ribs and spaces between. C. respira'tion, respiration 
effected by rising and falling of ribs. 
Costalgia, kos-tal'je-ah (costa, rib, algos, pain). Pain 
over the ribs; intercostal neuralgia. 
Costa'lis. Muscle attached to a rib. C. dor'si, ilio- 
costalis dorsi. 
Costatome, kos'tah-tome. See Costotome. 
Costi-cervica'lis. Cervicalis ascendens. 
Costi-costa'lis. Musculus accessorius ad sacro- 
lumbalem. 
Cos'tiform (rib-shaped) apoph'ysis. Anterior tu- 
bercle of transverse process of vertebra of neck. 
Costi-spina'les. Levatores costarum. 
Costive, kos'tiv. Constipated. 
Costiveness, kos'tiv-nes. Constipation. 
Cos'to (costa, rib). In composition, relating or ap- 
pertaining to a rib. 
Costo - abdominal, kos-to-ab-dom'in-al. Relating 
to rib and stomach. Obliquus externus abdominis. 
281 
1 COSTO-XIPHOI D 
Costo-acro'mio-clavicula'ris. Costo-deltoid. 
Costo-articula'ris. Relating to rib and sterno- 
clavicular articulation. 
Costo-ax'illary veins. Branches from intercostal 
veins to axillary vein. 
Costo-ba'si-scapula'ris. Serratus magnus. 
Costo-cen'tral. Name given to articulations of 
ribs with bodies of vertebrae or to ligaments con- 
nected with them. 
Costo-cer'vical ar'tery. Portion of superior inter- 
costal artery. 
Costo-cervica'lis. Occasional slip from sterno- 
thyroid muscle to cervical fascia. 
Costo-chon'dral. Relating to ribs and cartilage of 
ribs. 
Costo-clavicular, kos-to-klav-ik'u-lar. Belonging 
to ribs and clavicle, as C. lig'ament, cleidocostal or 
rhomboid ligament; fibrous, flattened fascia, extend- 
ing obliquely from the cartilage of the first rib to the 
inferior surface of the clavicle. C. line, line from 
internal extremity of the clavicle to the tip of the 
eleventh costal cartilage. 
Costo-clavicula'ris. Subclavius. 
Costo-col'ic lig'ament. Phreno-colic ligament. 
Costo-coracoid, kos-to-kor'ak-oid. Relating to ribs 
and coracoid process. C. lig'ament, inferior edge of 
C. membrane. C. mem'brane, see Pectoralis minor. 
Costo-coracoideus, kos-to-kor-ak-o-e'de-us. Pecto- 
ralis minor. 
Costo-del'toid. Muscular slip from axillary surface 
of scapula, joining with deltoid at its insertion on 
acromion, or inserted into the aponeurosis. 
Costo-epitrochlea'ris. Occasional muscle from 
front of thorax to internal condyle of humerus. 
Costo-fascia'lis cervica'lis. Costo-cervicalis. 
Costo-humera'lis. Muscle generally fused with 
pectoralis major, arising from aponeurosis of external 
oblique muscle, variously inserted on the humerus or 
scapula. Also wandering slip of sterno-thyroid mus- 
cle from cartilage of first rib to hyoid bone. 
Costo-hyoid, kos-to-hy'oid. Omo-hyoid muscle. 
Cos'to-infe'rior. Term applied to respiration with 
lower ribs. 
Costo-inter'nus. Lumbo-abdominalis. 
Costo-lumba'lis. Relating to ribs and lumbar re- 
gion. 
Costo-pericar'dial lig'ament. Upper of two bands 
passing from pericardium to manubrium and ensiform 
process of sternum. 
Costo-pleu'ral. Relating to ribs and pleura. 
Costo-pleu'ro-ver'tebral. Relating to ribs, verte- 
brae, and pleura. 
Costo-pu'bic mus'cle. Rectus abdominis. 
Costo-pul'monary. Relating to ribs and lung. 
Costo-scapula'ris. Serratus magnus. 
Costo-spi'nal. Costo-central. 
Costo-sternal, kos-to-stur'nal. Relating to the ribs 
and sternum, as articulation of the latter with the 
anterior extremity of the first seven ribs. 
Costo-supe'rior. Term applied to respiration ef- 
fected with upper ribs. 
Costo-thorac'ic ar'tery. Long thoracic artery. 
Costo-thy'roid mus'cle. Rare muscular slip from 
sterno-thyroid muscle, passing from cartilage of first 
rib to thyroid cartilage. 
Cos'totome (costa, tome, incision). Instrument for 
cutting a rib ; the operation being called Costot!omy or 
Estlander's operation. 
Costo-trachelian, kos-to-trak-e'le-an. Relating to 
ribs and to the trachelian or transverse process of the 
neck. Anterior and posterior scaleni muscles. 
Costo-transverse, kos-to-trans-verse'. Relating to 
the ribs and transverse processes, as articulation 
of the tuberosities of the ribs with the transverse 
processes of the spine, connected with which are C. 
ligaments. 
Costo-vertehral, kos-to-vur'te-bral. Belonging to 
the ribs and vertebrae; articulation, that of the head 
of the ribs with the vertebrae, connected with which 
are C. or centro-vertebral ligaments. 
Costo-xiphoid, kos-to-zi'foid. Ligament uniting COSTUS 
the cartilage of the seventh rib to the xiphoid, or ensi- 
form cartilage. 
Costus, kos'tus. The ancients gave this name to 
several plants, C. Arabicus, C. Indicus, C. speciosus or 
amarus, C. dulcis or orientalis, Amomum hirsutum, 
Hellenia grandiilora, Banksia speciosa, Tsiana, the root 
of which is aromatic, tonic, carminative, diuretic, 
emmenagogue, etc. C. ama'rus, costus, Canella alba. 
C. Arab'icus, costus. C. costico'sus, Canella alba. 
C. dul'cis, bark of Canella alba. C. horto'rum, Tana- 
cetum balsamita. C. horto'rum mi'nor, Achillea 
ageratum. C. In'dicus, costus. C. ni'gra, Cynara 
scolymus. C. specio'sus, costus. C. spica'tus, root 
is stimulant, diuretic, and diaphoretic. 
Co'ta. Anthemis cotula. 
Cotarnine, ko-tar'neen (word formed from letters 
of narcotine). Alkaloid, C12H13NO3, formed by oxi- 
dation and decomposition of narcotine. 
Co'tis. Occiput; nucha. 
Co'to bark. Bark of E. Indian tree used in diar- 
rhoea, cholera, and profuse sweating. Two principles, 
cotoin and paracotoin, have been obtained from it. 
Cotoin has been given in doses of half a grain in 
night-sweats and cholera. 
Cotoin, ko'to-in. C22H18O6. See Goto bark. 
Cotonea, ko-to'ne-ah. Pyrus cydonia. 
Cot'tage hos'pital. See Hospital. 
Cot'ton (Arab, kutn or fcwtun). Gossypium. C., 
absorb'ent, see Gossypium. C., hemostat'ic, absorb- 
ent cotton saturated with astringent solutions, as 
Monsel's, or with alum, ferric chloride, etc. C. phthi'- 
sls, see Phthisis, cotton. C. pneumo'nia, see Phthisis, 
cotton. C. root, see Gossypium. C. seed, see Gossyp- 
ium. C. seed oil, fixed oil from seed of Gossypium 
herbaceum and other species; used in liniments and 
to adulterate sweet oil. C. wool, absorbent cotton; see 
Gossypium. 
Cot'ula (Jcotule, cup). Anthemis cotula. C. foet'ida, 
Anthemis cotula. C. multif'ida, S. African plant, used 
in rheumatism, scalds, and cutaneous diseases. 
Cotunnius (ko-tun'ne-us), aq'ueduct of. A. of ves- 
tibule. C., liq'uor of, perilymph; transparent, slightly 
viscid fluid surrounding the membranous labyrinth, 
and of which Cotugno made mention. C., nerve of, 
naso-palatine nerve. C., wa'ter of, C., liquor of. 
Cotyle or Cotyla, kot'il-ah. Acetabulum; hollow 
cavity of a bone receiving the head of another bone, 
and particularly the cotyloid cavity; hollow of the 
hand. 
Cotyledon, kot-il-e'don. Cotyle. C. mari'na, Um- 
bilicus marinus. C. orbicula'ta, plant of S. Africa ; 
fresh juice is used in epilepsy; leaves form a good ap- 
plication to hard corns. C-s, placen'tal, lobes which, 
by their union, form the placenta. C. umbili'cus or 
u. ven'eris, Pennywort, Navelwort, Venus's navelwort; 
plant growing in Europe on old walls and rocks; leaves 
are emollient, and are applied externally to piles, in- 
flamed parts, etc.; internally the juice has been given 
in epilepsy; the flowers in calculous cases and dropsy. 
C-s, u'terine, tubercular projections of mucous mem- 
brane of uterus in some animals. 
Cot'ylis. Acetabulum. 
Cotyloid, kot'il-oid (kotule, drinking cup, eidos, 
form). Relating to the acetabulum. Hemispherical cav- 
ity in the os innominatum, which receives the head of 
the os femoris; variously called fossa cotyloidea, sinus 
coxw, acetabulum, a. cotyle, pyxis; notch on the inner 
side of this cavity. C. bone, acetabular bone. C. 
cav'ity, acetabulum. See Cotyloid. C. lig'ament, 
very thick fibro-cartilaginous ring surrounding the 
cotyloid cavity, the depth of wThich it increases. C. 
mar'gin, margin of cotyloid cavity. C. notch, de- 
pression in margin of acetabulum for passage of ves- 
sels and nerves to the joint. 
Cotylo-pu'bic. Relating to acetabulum and pubis. 
C. arch, pubic arch. 
Cotylo-sa'cral. Relating to acetabulum and sa- 
crum. C. arch, arch above and back of acetabulum. 
Cotylus, kot'il-us. Cotyle. 
Couch or Couch'grass. Triticum repens. 
Couch'ing. Operation of depressing the lens in 
282 
COUP DE SOLEIL 
cataract in the vitreous humor, and allowing it to un- 
dergo absorption there. See Cataract. 
Couch'wheat. Triticum repens. 
Coucin'ea coccin'ea. Cacoucia coccinea. 
Cough (D. kuch). Tussis. C., bronch'ial, C., tubal. 
C. cen'tre, see Centre. C., chin, whooping cough. C., 
dry, cough without expectoration. C., ear, see Ear. C., 
hoop'ing, pertussis. C., hu'mid, mucous cough. C., 
hysterical or ner'vous, see Hysteria and Asthma thy- 
micum. C., larynge'al, C. from irritation of larynx. C., 
mu'cous, C. with copious expectoration of mucus. C., 
re'flex, C. caused by some irritation external or be- 
yond respiratory passages. C. root, Trillium latifo- 
lium. C., spasmodic, asthma thymicum. C., tooth, 
reflex cough from dental irritation. C., trigeminal, 
form of continuous and violent sneezing, coughing, 
etc. due to reflex action of trigeminal nerve, induced 
by irritation in nose, pharynx, or ears. 0., tu'bal, 
bronchial cough; cough in which the succussion com- 
municated by it to the parietes of the chest is very 
energetic, and a sensation is experienced by the ear 
as if a column of air were traversing tubes with solid 
walls, with much noise, strength, and rapidity. C., 
u'terlne, C. induced by disease of uterus. C., va'gus, 
C. from irritation of vagus nerve. C., whoop'ing, 
pertussis. C., win'ter, C. from chronic bronchitis, 
occurring in winter. 
Coughing, kawf'ing. Tussis. 
x Coughwort, kawf'wurt. Tussilago. 
Cou'lomb (after French electrician). Unit of elec- 
trical quantity produced by force of one volt operat- 
ing for one second against one ohm of resistance; in 
static electricity, unit determined by charge devel- 
oped in Leyden jar having capacity of one farad by 
one volt of force. 
Coulomb'meter. Galvanometer to measure quan- 
tity of electricity. 
Cou'marin. Odorous principle of tonka bean. 
Coumarouna (koo-mar-oo'nah) odora'ta. Dipterix 
odorata. 
Countenance, kown'ten-ance {cum, teneo, to hold). 
Visage ; form of the face; system of the features. 
Counter-bane, kown'tur-bane. Antidote. 
Counter-extension, kown-tur-eks-ten'shun {contra- 
extendo, to extend in a contrary direction). This con- 
sists in retaining firmly and immovably the upper 
part of a limb, while extension is practised on the 
lower, in fractures or luxations. 
Counter-fissure, kown'tur-fish-ure. Contrafissura. 
Counter-indication, kown-tur-in-dik-a'shun. Indi- 
cation contrary to another; any circumstance acting 
as obstacle to the employment of such therapeutical 
means as seem to be indicated by other circum- 
stances. 
Counter - ir'ritant. See Counter-irritation. C.-i., 
Gran'ville's (lotion), Granville's counter-irritant. 
Counter-irritation, kown-tur-ir-ri-ta'shun. Irrita- 
tion excited in one part of the body, with the view 
of relieving one existing in another part; remedies 
so used are called counter-irritants. See Derivation. 
Counter-o'pening. Contra-apertura. 
Counter-poison, kown-tur-poi'zun. Antidote. 
Counter-pressure, kown'ter-presh-ure. Pressure to 
accomplish a certain result by force applied to oppo- 
site ponits. C.-p. hook, Mun'de's. See Hook. 
Coun'ter-stroke. Contrecoup; contrafissura. 
Count'ess's pow'der. Powdered cinchona bark. 
Coun'try fe'ver. Malarial fever. 
Coup de soleil, koo der sol-ale' (F.). Sunstroke, 
stroke of the sun, insolation, Egyptian starstroke or 
sunstroke. Affection produced by the action of the 
sun on some region of the body, as head, hands, arms, 
etc.; insolation. The presumed effect of exposing the 
naked head to the sun is inflammation of the brain 
or its meninges. It is called thermic fever, heat or 
solar asphyxia, heatstroke, solar exhaustion, heat apo- 
plexy. The morbid phenomena observable after death 
are generally those of nervous exhaustion, neuro- 
paralysis. Like effects have also been ascribed to the 
moon, selenoplexia, selenoplege, moonstroke; and to 
the stars, starstroke. COUPLE 
Couple. Pair, as of elements of a galvanic cell. 
Courap. Distemper common in India, in which 
there is a perpetual itching and herpetic eruption on 
the axilla, groins, breast, and face. 
Courondi or Courondo, koo-ron'do. Evergreen 
tree of Malabar, juice of which, mixed with warm 
whey, is used in dysentery. 
Couros, koo'ros. Human foetus at full term. 
Couroupita Guianensis, koo-roo-pe'tah gi-an-en'sis. 
Cannon-ball tree of Guiana ; decoction made from the 
fruit is given as an enema in chronic diarrhoea. 
Courses. Menses. 
Court plaster. Isinglass plaster on silk or other 
fine material. 
Cousso, koos'so. Hagenia Abyssinica. 
Couta'rea specio'sa. Species of Guiana; tonic, 
autiperiodic, and laxative. 
Coutoubea (koo-too'be-ah) al'ba or spicata. Plant 
of Guiana ; very bitter, tonic, emmenagogue, anthel- 
mintic, antidyspeptic, and antipyretic. 
Couvage, koo-vazhe (F.). Incubation; preserva- 
tion and rearing of a child in a couveuse. 
Couveuse (F.). Incubator for ill-developed or 
prematurely bom children. 
Cov'er. Operculum. 
Cov'er-shame. Juniperus sabina; so called because 
employed to produce abortion. 
Covolam, ko'vo-lam. Bengal quince, Bael, Bela; 
bark of this E. Indian tree is tonic ; the unripe fruit 
astringent, used in diarrhoea and dysentery. See 
Extractum belie liquidum. 
Cow'age. Cowhage. 
Cowa'nia Stansburia'na (after Janies Cowan, Eng- 
lish merchant and botanist, and Captain Stansbury, 
U. S. Army). Plant growing in vicinity of Salt Lake; 
general astringent and local styptic. 
Cow'bane. Cicuta aquatica. C., spotted, Cicuta 
maculata. 
Cow bas'il. Vaccaria vulgaris. 
Cow'bean. Cicuta virosa. 
Cow'berry. Vaccinium vitis idaea. 
Cow'cumber. Cucumis sativus. 
Cow'flop. Digitalis purpurea. 
Cow'hage or Cow'itch. Dolichos pruriens. 
Cow'lick. Tuft of hair on the head, pressed out of 
place, and seeming as if it had been licked by a cow; 
causing pain when pressed into its natural position. 
Cowmum/ble. Anthriscus sylvestris; Heracleum 
spondylium. 
Cow-pars'nep. Heracleum. 
Cowpe'rian cysts. Nabothi glandulse. 
Cowperitis, kow-per-e'tis. Literally, inflammation 
of Cowper, but a badly contrived word to denote in- 
flammation of Cowper's glands. 
Cow'per's glands. Accessory glands, Bulbo-caver- 
nous glands, Glands of Mery; two small ovoid groups 
of mucous, reddish follicles, situate behind the bulb 
of the urethra, before the prostate, the excretory 
ducts of which open into the bulbous portion of the 
urethra. The terms anterior prostate and antepros- 
tatic glands are sometimes given to them, but usually 
they are applied to a third glandular body, occasion- 
ally found in front of, and between, Cowper's glands. 
C. glands in the fe'male, Glands of Duverney or of 
Bartholin; these are situate at each side of the en- 
trance of the vagina, beneath the skin covering the 
posterior or inferior part of the labia; they are 
rounded, but elongated, flat, and bean-shaped. They 
are not invariably present. The secretion from them 
is a thick, tenacious, grayish-white fluid, emitted in 
quantity during sexual intercourse; probably the 
fluid supposed, of old, to be female sperm. 
Cow'pock or Cow'pox. Vaccina. 0. inoculation, 
vaccination. C. itch, see Itch, cowpox. C. ves'icle, 
see Vaccination. 
Cow's mouth or Cow'slop. Primula veris. C.'s 
wort, Pedicularis palustris. 
Cow'slick. Bryonia dioica. 
Cow'slip. Caltha palustris, Primula veris. C., 
Jerusalem, pulmonaria. 
CowstripTing or Cowstropzple. Primula veris. 
283 
CRXEPALE 
Cowth'wort. Matricaria; Leonurus cardiaca. 
Cow'tree, Ceylon.'. Gymneura lactiferum. C. of 
S. Amer'lea, Galactodendron utile. 
Cow'weed. Chserophyllum sylvestre ; Anthriscus 
sylvestris. 
Cow'wort. Geum urbanum. 
Cox'a. Haunch, hip, or hip-joint; coccyx; optic 
thalamus. 
Coxseluvium, koks-e-lu've-um (coxa, luo, to wash). 
Hip-bath. 
Coxag'ma (coxa, agma, fracture). Fracture of the 
hip. 
Coxagra, koks'ag-rah (coxa, agra, seizure). Pain 
in hip; sciatica; hip-joint disease; femoro-popliteal 
neuralgia. 
Cox'al. Eelating to the hip. C. bone, ilium. 
Coxalgia, koks-al'je-ah (coxa, algos, pain). Word of 
hybrid origin. Pain in the hip; sign of rheumatic 
or other inflammation-coxitis-or of some disease 
about the hip-joint; hip-joint disease. See Neuralgia 
femoro-poplitsea and Coxarum morbus. 
Coxankylom'eter (coxa, ankule, adhesion, metron, 
measure). Instrument to measure amount of de- 
formity of hip-joint. 
Coxarthritis, koks-ar-thre'tis (coxa, arthritis, inflam- 
mation of joint). Inflammation of hip-joint. 
Coxarthrocace, koks-ar-throk'as-e (coxa, arthron, 
joint, kakos, evil). Fungous inflammation of hip- 
joint ; coxarum morbus. 
Coxarthropathy, koks-ar-throp'ath-e (coxa, arthron, 
joint, pathos, disease). Coxarum morbus. 
Coxa'rum mor'bus. Coxalgia (of some), hip disease; 
scrofulous caries, and often spontaneous luxation of 
the head of the os femoris, occasioning permanent 
shortening of the limb, and not unfrequently hectic 
and death-Ischiophthisis. In advanced life another 
form of chronic hip disease sometimes occurs, often 
attended with osseous protuberances, known as mor- 
bus coxae senilis, a variety of chronic osteo-arthritis. 
Coxendix, koks-en'diks. Haunch ; ischium; ilia. 
Coxe's hive syrup. Syrupus scillae compositus. 
Coxitis, koks-e'tis. Inflammation of the hip-joint. 
C. cotyloi'dea, hip-joint inflammation, involving espe- 
cially the acetabulum. C., se'nile, rheumatoid affec- 
tion of hip-joint in old persons. 
Coxocace, koks-ok'as-e. Coxarum morbus. 
Coxodyn'ia (coxa, odune, pain). Coxalgia. 
coxal bone or ilium and to the os femoris; ilio-femoral 
Coxo-femoral, koks-o-fem'or-al. Belonging to the 
has the same signification. C. articula'tion, ilio-fem- 
oral a.; hip-j oint. The head of the femur and the artic- 
ular cavity are covered by a diarthrodial cartilage and 
synovial capsule, and by a very strong capsular or 
articular ligament attached to the circumference of 
the cotyloid cavity, and to the neck of the femur. The 
round or interarticular ligament also passes from the 
inferior notch of the cotyloid cavity to the rough de- 
pression at the top of the caput femoris ; and the coty- 
loid ligament, a thick, cartilaginous ring, is situate on 
the edge of the cotyloid cavity, converting the infe- 
rior notch into a foramen. 
Crab. Class Crustacea. Shell-fish used as article 
of diet; like other shell-fish, it is apt to disagree and 
excite urticaria, etc. 
Crab'louse. Pediculus pubis. 
Crabs' claws, eyes, or stones. Abrus precatorius; 
cancrorum chelae. 
Crab'yaws. In the W. Indies, ulcer on the soles 
of the feet, with edges so hard that they are difficult 
to cut. 
Cracked-pot sound. Bruit de pot fele. 
Crackling, krak'ling (onomatopoeia). Crepitant, 
crepitation, or crepitus. 
Cradina, krad-e'nah. Ferment from juice of the 
common fig-tree; yellow mass, with action similar to 
that of pepsin and papain. 
Cradle, kra'd'l. Semicircle of thin wood, or strips 
of wood, to prevent contact of bed-clothes in wounds, 
fractures, etc. C. cap, seborrhceal incrustations on 
heads of young children. 
Crsepale, kre'pal-a (kara, the head, pallo, to agitate). CRJEPALIA 
Derangement of the functions of the hrain, etc., pro- 
duced by wine or other fermented liquor, or by exces- 
sive eating. 
Crsepalia temulenta, kre-pal'e-ah tem-u-len'tah. 
Lolium temulentum. 
Crambe, kram'be. Cabbage. C. marit'imi, see Kale. 
Crameria, kram-e're-ah. Krameria. 
Cramp (G. kr amp fen, to contract). Sudden, invol- 
untary, and highly painful contraction of a mus- 
cle or muscles; most frequently experienced in the 
lower extremities, and a common symptom of cer- 
tain affections, as of colica pictonum and cholera 
morbus. Friction and compression of the limb by a 
ligature applied around it above the muscles affected 
will usually remove the spasm. C., 
analogous cramp to that of writers, except that the 
orbicularis oris muscle is affected. C. bark, bark of 
Viburnum opulus. C. bone, patella of sheep. C., 
cigar'maker's, see Cramp, writer's. C., coach'man's, 
see C., writer's. C., compos'itor's, see C., writer's. C., 
dan'cer's, see C., writer's. C., glass'blower's, see C., 
writer's. C., milk'ing, see C., writer's. C., musi'- 
clan's, see C., writer's. C., pian'ist's, see C., writer's. 
C. rings, rings, solemnly consecrated, given out by 
English kings of old for the prevention or cure of 
cramp, blessed by them on Good Fridays, which were 
worn in full belief of their sanative powers, a decided 
impression being thus made on the nervous system. 
C., scriv'ener's, cramp, writer's. C., semp'stress's, 
palsy, sempstress's; see C., writer's. C., shoe'maker's, 
see C., writer's. C. of the stom'ach, sudden, violent, 
and most painful affection of the stomach, with sense 
of constriction in the epigastrium; effect of the spas- 
modic contraction of the muscular coat of the stom- 
ach, and requiring the use of the most powerful stim- 
ulants and antispasmodics, of which opium is the 
best. C. stone, stone carried as preventive of cramp. 
C., wri'ter's, Scrivener's cramp or paralysis, Scribe 
palsy, Pen palsy, Stammering of the fingers ; a functional 
spasm of the fingers, in which they are unable 
to hold the pen, or in which one or more muscles 
of the fingers are irregularly and irresistibly con- 
tracted. A similar condition of the nerves and muscles 
concerned is seen in shoemaker's cramp, milking 
cramp, musician's cramp, cigarmaker's cramp, coach- 
man's cramp, dancer's cramp, glassblower's cramp, 
pianist's cramp, compositor's cramp, and sempstress's 
cramp. > 
Cranberry, kran'ber-re. Vaccinium oxycoccos. C., 
Al'pine, Vaccinium vitis idsea. C., American, com'- 
mon, see Faccwmm oxycoccos. C., up'land, Arbutus 
uva ursi. 
Crane's bill. Geranium. C. b., spot'ted, Gera- 
nium maculatum. C. b., stink'ing, Geranium Eo- 
bertianum. 
Craniacromial, kra-ne-ak-ro'me-al Eelating to the 
skull and shoulder. 
Craniaematoma, kran-e-e-mat-o'mah. Cephalae- 
matoma. 
Cranial, kra'ne-al. Eelating to the cranium. C. 
flex'ures, curving of medullary tube on itself in early 
embryonic life, by which the primary vesicles are dis- 
placed and the future head commences its develop- 
ment. Flexures of the brain. C. fos'sae, fossae of the 
skull. C. re'flex, see Reflex. C. si'nuses, sinuses of 
the dura mater. C. su'tures, see Sutures. 
Craniectomy, kra-ne-ek'to-me (cranium, ektome, ex- 
cision). Excision of a strip of skull in young children 
for the condition of microcephalia, hyperostosis, or 
hydrocephalus. 
Cranio, kra'ne-o. In composition, the cranium. 
Cranio-abdominal, kra'ne-o-ab-dom'in-al. Eelating 
to cranium and abdomen. 
Cra/niocele (cranio, kele, tumor). Encephalocele. 
Craniocerebral, kra-ne-o-ser'e-bral. Eelating to the 
skull and brain in common. 
Craniocervical, kra-ne-o-sur'vik-al. Eelating to 
cranium and cervical region. 
Cranioc'lasis or Cranioclasm, kra'ne-o-klasm (cra- 
nio, Idao, to break). Breaking up of the child's head, 
as by the craniotomy forceps. 
284 
CRANIOTOMY 
Cranioclast, kra'ne-o-klast (same etymon). Instru- 
ment for crushing the head of the foetus, Cranioclasty. 
Craniodi'aclast. Cranioclast. 
Craniodidymus, kran-e-o-did'im-us (didumos, dou- 
ble). Cephalopagus ; monstrosity with two heads. 
Craniofa'cial, Eelating to the cranium and face. 
Craniograph, kra'ne-o-graf (grapho, to describe). 
Apparatus for graphic outlining of the skull, Crani- 
ography or Cephalology. 
Craniohaematoncus, kran-e-o-he-mat-on'kus (cranio, 
haima, blood, onkos, swelling). Cephalaematoma. 
Craniolabis, kran-e-ol'ab-is (labis, forceps). Ob- 
stetrical forceps. 
Craniolaria annua, kran-e-o-lah're-ah an'u-ah. A 
tropical plant, root of which is a bitter tonic. 
Craniolingual, kra-ne-o-lin'gwal. Eelating to the 
cranium and tongue. 
Craniol'ogy (cranio, logos, description). Cranioscopy, 
Craniomancy, Phrenology. Description or simply an 
examination of the different parts of the external 
surface of the cranium, to deduce from it a knowledge 
of the different intellectual and moral dispositions. 
The cranium being moulded to the brain, there are as 
many prominences on the bone as there are projec- 
tions at the surface of the brain. According to Gall, 
each projection, which he calls an organ, is the seat 
of a particular intellectual or moral faculty, and 
all persons endowed with the same faculty have, 
at the same part of the brain, a prominence, indi- 
cated externally by a bump or projection in the 
bony case. 
Craniomalacia, kran-e-o-mal-ah'se-ah (cranio, mala- 
kia, softness). Softening and thinning of cranial 
bones, especially occipital bone, from pressure, often 
due to rickets; craniotabes. 
Craniomancy, kra'ne-o-man-se (cranio, manteia, div- 
ination). Divination by means of the cranium. 
Craniomandibular, kra-ne-o-man-dib'u-lar. Eelat- 
ing to cranium and inferior maxillary bone. 
Craniometry, kra-ne-om'et-re (cranio, metron, meas- 
ure). Measurement of the skull; a compass used for 
this purpose is called a Craniometer or Cephalometer. 
See Index. 
Cranion, kran'e-on. Craniology. 
Cranlopagus, kran-e-op'ag-us. Cephalopagus. 
Craniopathy, kra-ne-op'ath-e (cranio, pathos, dis- 
ease). Disease of the cranium. 
Craniopharyngeus, kran-e-o-far-in-je'us. Eelating 
to cranium and pharynx. 
Craniophore, kra'ne-o-fore (cranio, phoreo, to bear). 
Apparatus for holding a skull in proper position for 
study of it. 
Cranioplasty, kra'ne-o-plas-te (cranio, plasso, to 
form). Operation for the restoration of the soft parts 
and bones of the cranium. 
Cranioscepsis, kran-e-o-skep'sis (skepsis, inspection). 
Cranioscopy. 
Cranioschisis, kran-e-os'kis-is (schisis, fissure). Con- 
genital fissure of the skull similar to spina bifida. 
Craniosclerosis, kran-e-o-skler-o'sis. Induration 
and enlargement of bones of skull. 
Cranioscopy, kra-ne-os'ko-pe (cranio, skopeo, to 
view). Craniology. 
Craniospinal, kra-ne-o-spi'nal. Cephalo-spinal. C. 
ax'is, see Encephalon. 
Craniostegno'sis or Craniosteno'sis (cranio, stenos, 
narrow). Contraction of the skull. See Ulicroceph- 
alus. 
Craniostosis, kran-e-os-to'sis (cranio, osteon, bone). 
Early ossification of sutures of the skull. 
Cra'niostyle (stalos, column). Cartilage of septum 
of nose. 
Craniotabes, kran-e-ot'ab-ees (cranio, tabes, wast- 
ing). Craniomalacia. 
Craniotome, kra'ne-o-tome (cranio, tome, incision). 
Instrument used in craniotomy; trephine. 
Craniotomy, kra-ne-ot'om-e. Operation of opening 
the foetal head in parturition. C. for'ceps, instru- 
ment resembling the lithotomy forceps for laying 
hold of and breaking down the bones of the fcetal 
head in parturition. CRANIOTRACTOR 
Craniotractor, kra-ne-o-trak'tor (cranio, traho, to 
draw). Cranioclast used for traction. 
Craniotripsotome, kra-ne-o-trip'so-tome (cranio, 
tribo, to crush, tome, incision). Cranioclast arranged 
as trephine perforator. 
Craniotrypesis, kran-e-o-tryp-a'sis (cranio, trupao, 
to perforate). Trephining. 
Cranio-vertebral, kra-ne-o-vur'te-bral. Cephalo- 
spinal; cephalo-rhachidian. 
Cranitis, kran-e'tis. Inflammation of the cranial 
bones. 
Cranium, kran'e-um (kranon, head). Brain-pan; the 
skull. Collection of bones forming the case for lodging 
the brain and its membranes, as well as their vessels 
and some of the nerves. These bones are eight in 
number-the frontal, occipital, two parietal, two tem- 
poral, the sphenoid, and ethmoid. There might also 
be considered as belonging to the cranium the cornua 
sphenoidalia, the bones of the ear, and the ossa Wor- 
miana. Primitive forms of the skull are sometimes 
described according to the width of the bregma or 
spaces between the parietal bones: stenobregmate (ste- 
nos, narrow) or Ethiopian variety; mesobregmate (mesos, 
middle) or Caucasian variety; and platybregmate (pla- 
ins, broad) or Mongolian variety. C., cartilaginous, 
chondocranium. C., mem'branous, C. of embryo be- 
fore the period of ossification. 
Cranology, kra-nol'o-je. Craniology. 
Cranomancy, kra'no-man-se (kranon, head, manteia, 
divination). Art of divining, from the inspection of 
the head or cranium, the moral dispositions and in- 
clinations of individuals. 
Cranon, kran'on. Cranium ; cornus mascula. 
Cran'ter {kraino, to finish). Wisdom tooth. 
Granum, kran'um. Cranium. 
Crap'ula or Crapulence, krap'u-lence. Crsepale. 
Crapulous, krap'u-lus. Produced by, or indulg- 
ing in, excessive use of alcoholic drinks; crackling 
sound heard on auscultation, as in tuberculosis of 
the lungs. 
Craquement de cuir neuf (F.). Sound like new 
leather, heard on auscultation when the pericardium 
is thickened with plastic deposits. 
Cra'sis. Mixture of the constituents of a fluid, 
as blood, humors, etc.; constitution, temperament, etc. 
Craspedon, kras'pa-don. Staphylcedema. 
Cras'sa (thick, membrana understood). Sclerotica; 
decidua reflexa. 
Crassa'men or Crassamentum, kras-sam-en'tum 
(crassus, thick). Thick part or deposit of any fluid ; 
particularly applied to clot of blood. C. san'guinis, 
see Blood. 
Cras'sitas, Crassit'ies, or Crassitude, kras-sit- 
u'do (crassus, thick). Thickening, as of the valves 
of the heart; corpulence. 
Crassula (dim. of Crassus, thick), kras'su-lah. Se- 
dium telephium. C. arbores'cens, see Cotyledon or- 
biculata. C. ma'jor, sedum. C. tetrago'na, S. Afri- 
can succulent plant, somewhat astringent. Boiled in 
milk it is used in diarrhoea. 
Cras'sum (thick, intestinum understood). Colon. 
Cras'sus (thick). Corpulent; full; turgid; term 
applied to the pulse. 
Crataegus aria, krat-e'gus ar'e-a. White bean tree; 
fruit of size of small pear, slightly astringent, em- 
ployed in diarrhoea. 
Cratseva marmelos, krat-e'vah mar'mel-os. Plant 
of Society Islands, etc.; leaves are diuretic and tonic; 
root is alterative. C. nerv'ula, same habitat; leaves 
are aromatic, stomachic, and diuretic ; root is altera- 
tive ; bark is used externally in rheumatism. Covolam. 
Craterauchen, krat-er-awk'en (krateros, strong, 
auchen, neck). One with a strong neck ; strong neck 
itself. 
Craticula, krat-ik'u-lah. Omentum. 
Cravat' (said to be derived from regiment of Croats 
in the service of France in the 17th century). Form 
of necktie or neck-cloth; name given to different 
bandages or slings, as carpocervical c., carpo-olecra- 
nial c., etc. C., Swiss (from fancied resemblance), 
band of the longitudinal or superficial layer of the 
285 
CREMASIS 
muscular fibres of the stomach, along the lesser cur- 
vature. 
Craw. Crop of fowl. Ranunculus bulbosus. 
Crawcraw. Species of itch or parasitic disease 
common on the African coast. 
Crawcrow'foot or Craw'foot. Ranunculus. 
Craw'feet. Scilla nutans; Orchis mascula. 
Crayon, kra'yon. Pencil or stick with which caus- 
tics, astringents, etc., as nitrate of silver, sulphate of 
copper, tannic acid, or iodoform, may be locally ap- 
plied. 
Cra'ziness. Insanity. 
Crazolaryngis'mus (krazo, to crow). Laryngismus 
stridulus. 
Cra'zy (F. ecrase, crushed). Insane. Ranunculus. 
C. bone, funny bone. 
Crea, kra'ah. Shin. 
Cream. Thick, unctuous matter of a yellowish- 
white color and sweet, agreeable taste, which rises to 
the surface of milk if kept at rest. It constitutes 
about 15 per cent, of the milk, and is composed of 
butter, serum, and casein. C., cold, ceratum Galeni, 
unguentum aquae rosse. C. of tar'tar, potassii super- 
tartras. Adansonia Gregorii. C. whey, beverage made 
by adding two teaspoonfuls of cream of tartar to a 
pint of milk. 
Cre'as. Flesh. 
Creasol, kre'as-ol. C8H10O2. Phenol from wood- 
tar creasote. 
Creasote, kre'as-ote (kreas, flesh, soter, preserver). 
Creasotum (Ph. U. S. and. Br.). Colorless, oily, neutral 
liquid, of a strong, characteristic, penetrating odor and 
acrid, burning taste, obtained from wood-tar by dis- 
tillation ; transparent, freely soluble in alcohol and 
acetic acid ; s.g. 1.035-1.085, Ph.U. S. (1.071, Ph. Br.). It 
coagulates albumin, whence its haemostatic power, and 
is a powerful antiseptic. It has been largely admin- 
istered in hemorrhages, both internally and exter- 
nally, and as an external application in burns, ulcers, 
especially those of a sloughing character, fetid dis- 
charges, diphtheria, etc., and chronic cutaneous affec- 
tions. Internally, it is a sedative in small doses; it 
has been administered in pulmonary phthisis, vomit- 
ing, cholera morbus, diarrhoea, typhoid fever, fermen- 
tative diseases of the stomach and bowels, diabetes 
mellitus, nervous diseases, chronic glanders, etc. In 
overdoses it is a violent poison. Dose internally is 
one or two drops; externally, it is sometimes applied 
pure, at others diluted, and commonly with water 
(f.5ss to or in the form of ointment (fgss to Aj 
of cerate). Aqua creasoti (Ph. U. S.), creasote-water, 
is made of creasote 1 part, distilled water 99 parts. 
C., coal-tar or min'eral, heavy oil of coal-tar, con- 
taining carbolic acid; sometimes used as substitute 
for creasote; carbolic acid. C. plant, Laurea Mexi- 
cana. C. water, aqua creasoti; see Creasote. C., wood 
or wood-tar, creasote. 
Creasotum, kre-as-o'tum. Creasote. 
Creatine, kre'at-in (kreas, flesh). C4H9N3O2. Nitro- 
genized crystallizable alkaloid obtained from muscu- 
lar tissue of man and other animals. By the action 
of strong acids creatine is converted into creatinin or 
kreatinin (C4H7N3O), a substance having a strong al- 
kaline reaction and forming crystallizable salts with 
acids. It pre-exists to a small extent in the juice of 
flesh and in conjunction with creatin in urine. 
Creatinin. C4H7N3O. See Creatin. 
Creatophagus, kra-at-of'ag-us (kreas, flesh, phago, 
to eat). Carnivorous. 
Creatozo'ma or Creazoma, kra-az-o'mah (kreas, 
flesh, zomos, broth). Meat broth. 
Crede's (kra'de's) meth'od. Assistance rendered the 
uterus to expel the placenta, consisting in seizing that 
organ between the fingers and thumb through the 
abdominal walls, thus producing expulsion of the 
after-birth. 
Creep'er, trum'pet. Tecoma radicans. C., Vir- 
ginia, Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Tecoma radicans. 
Creeping sick'ness. Ergotism. 
Crem'asis or Cremasmus, krem-az'mus. Suspen- 
sion, CREMASTER 
Cremaster, kre-mas'ter (kremao, to suspend). The 
spermatic cord, or all the parts by which the testicle 
is, as it were, suspended, formerly received this name; 
but its meaning is now limited to a very thin mus- 
cular fascia, sometimes hardly perceptible, which de- 
taches itself from the internal oblique muscle, passes 
through the abdominal ring, and vanishes around the 
tunica vaginalis; serving to draw up the testicle and 
to move it slightly. Suspensory muscle of the testicle; 
in the foetus the gubernaculum testis. C. re'flex, see 
Tendon, reflex, and Cremasteric. 
Cremaster'ic. Appertaining or relating to the cre- 
master. C. ar'tery, branch of the epigastric artery; 
corresponding artery in female supplies the labia ma- 
jora. C. re'flex, retraction of testicle from irritating 
integument of the thigh at its upper and inner part. 
Cremastes, krem-as'tes. Cremaster. 
Crema'tion (er emo, to burn). Eeduction to ashes by 
intense heat; method of disposing of a dead body in 
a furnace or room arranged with this object-Crem- 
atory or Crematorium. Also similar disposal of gar- 
bage. 
CrenTatory. See Cremation. 
Cre'mer. Disease frequent in Hungary, produced 
by excess in eating and drinking. 
Cremnocele, krem-no-se'le (Eng. krem'no-seel) 
(cremnos, steep bank, kele, rupture). Hernia of labia 
pudendi. 
Crem'noi (pl. of Cremnos, steep bank). Lips of an 
ulcer; labia pudendi. 
Cremnoncus, krem-non'kus (cremnoi, onkos, tumor). 
Swelling of labia pudendi. 
Crem'nos or Crem'nus. Labium pudendi. Prom- 
inent edges of an ulcer. 
Cre'mor. Cream. C. frig'idus, cold cream. C. 
lac'tis, cream. C. tar'tari, potassii supertartras. C. 
uri'nae, pellicle on urine; see Urine. 
Cre'na (notch) or Crenatura, kren-at-u'rah. In 
plural, the small teeth or projections in bones of the 
cranium producing accurate junction at the sutures. 
C. a'ni or clu'nium, fissure between the nates. 
Crena'ted (arena, notch). Notched. 
Crena'tion (crena, notch). Notched appearance of 
the red corpuscles of the blood. 
Crenature, kren'at-ure. Crena. 
Creole, kre'ole (S. criollo). Native of America or 
of West Indies whose ancestors emigrated from the 
Old World or from Africa. Hence there may be black 
as well as white creoles. In the South it is used in 
the same sense as native, or, more strictly, to one born 
in the South whose parents were born in the tropics. 
Creolin, kre'o-lin. Dark-brown syrupy liquid from 
dry distillation of coal-tar, some resins, etc. It forms 
a milky emulsion with water, and is used as a local 
antiseptic, germicidal, deodorant, and disinfectant in 
cases in which corrosive sublimate and carbolic acid 
are applicable, in one to two per cent, solution. It has 
also been used internally in gastric and intestinal fer- 
mentation, dysentery, phthisis, vesical catarrh, etc. 
Creophagus, kre-of'ag-us (kreas, flesh, phago, to 
eat). Carnivorous. 
Creophila, kra-of'il-ah. Flesh flies. 
Creosol, kre'o-sol. Creasol. 
Cre'osote. Creasote. 
Crepalia temulenta, krep-al'e-ah tem-u-len'tah. 
Lolium temulentum. 
Crepanella, krep-an-el'lah. Plumbago Europsea. 
Crepatura, krep-at-u'rah. Hernia of intestines; 
discharge of wind per anum. 
Crepidines (krep-id'in-ees) (pl. of Crepido, border) 
palpebra'rum. Cartilages of the eyelids. 
Crepitant (krep'it-ant) or Crep'itating (crepito, to 
crackle). Crackling; subcrepitant. C. rdle, sound 
heard during respiration in severe pneumonia and 
cedema of the lung; it resembles the sound produced 
by rubbing slowly and firmly between the finger and 
thumb a lock of hair near the ear, and is probably pro- 
duced by the air of inspiration passing into the air- 
cells obstructed by viscid secretion from their interior. 
Crepitatio, krep-it-ah'she-o. Crepitation. C. den'- 
tium, chattering of teeth. C. in'dux, crepitant rale 
286 
CREST 
at commencement of hepatization of lung in pneu- 
monia. C. re'dux, crepitant rale heard when solidi- 
fication of lung is disappearing in pneumonia. C. 
vesicula'ris, crepitation. 
Crepitation, krep-it-a'shun (crepito, to make a 
noise). Crackling. In surgery, noise of fractured 
bones when moved in certain directions; detected by 
the immediate application of the ear or by the use of 
the stethoscope. It is likewise met with in gangrene 
when air is effused into the areolar membrane, if the 
part be carefully examined with the fingers. Crack- 
ing of the joints in health or disease. See Crepitant. 
Crepitus, krep'it-us. Crepitation; discharge of 
wind from the rectum. C. lu'pi, lycoperdon. 
Cresalol, kres'al-ol. Produced by heating together, 
at an elevated temperature, salicylate of sodium and 
cresylate of sodium with phosphoric chloride. An- 
tiseptic, especially in intestinal conditions; antiar- 
thritic. 
Cres'cent. White semilunar appearance at macular 
margin of optic disk, from deficient or atrophied 
choroid. C. of Gianuzzi, see Gianuzzi. C., myo'pic, 
crescentic appearance of the papilla from choroidal 
atrophy and detachment from the sclerotic; observed 
especially in myopia. 
Crescentia, kres-sen'she-ah (cresco, to grow). 
Growth. C. ala'ta (after Crescentio, Italian writer 
on agriculture), Mexican plant, used in Mexico in 
haemoptysis, C. cuje'te, narrow-leaved calabash tree; 
pulp of the fruit of this W. Indian plant is acidulous; 
used in diarrhoea and headache, and in syrup for 
diseases of the chest. 
Cres'cents. Crescentic bodies found in the blood 
of malarial-fever patients. 
Cres'era (a sieve). See Cribration. 
Cresol, kre'sol. Cresols are derived from coal-tar 
by fractional distillation, and are present in the por- 
tion distilled over between 200° and 210° C., and are 
named orthocresol, metacresol, and paracresol. Anti- 
septics and disinfectants, and not so toxic as carbolic 
acid. C. i'odide, light-yellow powder, antiseptic; 
used in diseases of the nasal passages. C. sal'icylate, 
cresalol. 
Cresol-salol, kre'sol-sal'ol. Cresol salicylate. 
Cresotic (kres-ot'ik) ac'ids. There are three of 
these, orthocresotic, metacresotic, and paracresotic 
acids, made by mutual action of sodium and carbon 
dioxide and the three isomeric cresols, and by other 
processes. They are white prismatic needles; the para- 
cresotic salts being alone employed therapeutically. 
Cresotinic (kres-o-tin'ik) ac'id. Crystallized acid 
obtained by action of carbonic acid or sodium cresy- 
late ; resembles salicylic acid therapeutically. 
Crespinus, kres-pe'nus. Oxyacantha Galeni. 
Cress, bitter, com'mon. Cardamine pratensis. C., 
dock, Lapsana. C., gar'den, Lepidium sativum. C., 
In'dian, Tropaeolum majus. C., mead'ow, Cardamine 
pratensis. 0., pen'ny, Thlaspi. C., sciat'ica, Lepid- 
ium iberis. C., swine's, Cochlearia coronopus. C., 
wa'ter, Sisymbrium nasturtium. C., wa'ter, marsh, 
Nasturtium palustre. 
Cress'wort. Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
Crest. Crista. C., aud'itive, crista acustica. C., 
canine', prominence on superior maxillary bone over 
root of canine teeth. C. of clit'oris, bony ridge for 
attachment of crura clitoridis. C., den'tal, projec- 
tions of vascular fibrous tissue along line of future 
teeth in foetus. C. of eth'moid bone, crista galli, 
superior turbinate crest. C., fron'tal, crest on in- 
ternal surface of frontal bone. C., gin'gival, C., den- 
tal. C., il'iac, crista ilii. C. of il'ium, crista ilii. C., 
inci'sor, prolongation anteriorly of nasal crest. C., 
infe'rior tur'binate, prominence on nasal surface of 
superior maxilla to articulate with inferior turbinate 
bone. C., infratem'poral, prominence on external 
surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone. C., na'sal, 
C. on palatal process of superior maxilla; prolonga- 
tion backward of internal face of nasal bone. C., 
occip'ital, vertical ridge on exterior of occipital bone. 
0., or'bital, inferioredge of orbital surface ofsphenoid 
bone. C. of the pu'bis, see Cristiilii. C. of sa'crum, CRESYLIC ACID 
longitudinal c. on posterior surface of that bone. C., 
sphenoi'dal, prominent margin of bone on front part 
of body of sphenoid bone. C., spheno-max'illary, 
bony ridge formed partly by front portion of great 
wing of sphenoid and partly by pterygoid process, 
forming margin of spheno-maxillary fissure. C., 
tem'poral, C. of os frontis from external angular pro- 
cess, continuous with temporal line of parietal bone. 
C. of the tib'ia, crista tibiae. C., tur'binated, two 
ridges on the internal surface of the palate bone.' C. 
of the ure'thra, gallinaginis caput. C., zygomat'ic, 
anterior margin of great wing of sphenoid, articu- 
lating with malar bone. 
Cresylic (kres-il'ic) acid. Cresol. See Carbolic acid 
and Carbolic acid, impure. 
Cre'ta (from island of Crete). CaCos. Chalk, car- 
bonate of lime; native friable carbonate of lime, car- 
bonate of calcium. C. prsepara'ta (Ph. U. S. and 
Br.), prepared chalk (prepared by levigation); used 
externally as an absorbent; internally, antacid. Dose, 
gr. x to 3j or more. 
Cretaceous, kre-ta'she-us (creta, chalk). Contain- 
ing, or relating to, or having the characters of, chalk. 
Cretefaction (kre-te-fac'shun) or Cretification, kre- 
te-fi-ca'shun (creta, chalk, facio, to make). Mineral 
or earthy degeneration ; formation of, or conversion 
into, chalk, as the conversion of tubercles into cal- 
careous or cretaceous concretions; calcification, cal- 
careous degeneration. Calcification was formerly 
erroneously regarded as synonymous with ossification. 
Cre'tin. One affected with cretinism. See Cagot. 
Cre'tinism. Epidemic affection in the low, deep, 
narrow situations in Switzerland, the Pyrenees, Tyrol, 
China, Syria, etc.; state of idiocy, deformity of head 
and body, sometimes with deaf-mutism and loss of 
reproductive power, commonly accompanied by enor- 
mous goitre, and often hereditary. 
Cretinoid, kre'tin-oid. Resembling a cretin; hav- 
ing appearance like that of cretinism; myxoedema. 
Cretomania, kre-to-ma'ne-ah. Depraved form of 
insanity. 
Crew'el. Primula veris. 
Cri'bra (pl. of Cribrum). See Cribration. C. orbi- 
ta'lia, porous condition of orbital plate of frontal 
bone behind margin of orbit. 
Cribration, krib-ra'shun (cribro, to sift). Sifting, a 
pharmaceutical operation consisting in separating the 
finer parts of drugs from the coarser. 
Cribratus, krib-rat'us. Having holes like a sieve. 
Cribriform, krib'ri-form (cribrum, sieve, forma, 
form). Sieve-like; the ethmoid bone was formerly 
called os cribriforme. Cribriform plate is the hori- 
zontal lamina of the ethmoid bone, so called because 
perforated like a sieve. Through the perforations 
(foramina cribrosa) the olfactory nerves pass. C. 
com'press, square piece of linen pierced with holes; 
spread with cerate and applied to a suppurating sur- 
face, the holes being intended for the escape of the 
pus. C. fas'cia, see Fascia, cribriform. C. lamel'la, 
lamina cribrosa, a circular spot perforated with small 
holes, seen when the optic nerve is regarded from the 
inside after removing the retina and choroid. C. 
mac'ulae, maculae cribrosae. C. mem'brane, mem- 
brana decidua. 
Cribrosa, krib-ro'sah (membrana understood). De- 
cidua vera. 
Cribrosum, krib-ro'sum (os understood). Ethmoid 
bone. 
Cribrosus, krib-ro'sus. Having holes like a sieve. 
Crib'rum. Sieve. See Cribration. C. pollina'rium, 
see Cribration. 
Cricarytaeno'des or Cricarytaenoideus, krik-ar-it- 
e-no-e'de-us. Crico-arytenoid. 
Crick in the neck. Sudden painful rheumatic affec- 
tion of the muscles of the neck, causing a person to 
hold his head to one side in a characteristic manner. 
Cri'co. In composition, cricoid cartilage. 
Crico-arytenoid, kri-ko-ar-it'en-oid. Relating to 
the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages. C.-a. mus'cle, 
Cnco-arytseno'ideus anterior, anticus, or lateralis; mus- 
tle proceeding from the lateral part of the superior 
287 
CRINO 
edge of the cricoid cartilage to the outer and anterior 
part of the base of the arytenoid cartilage. It carries 
the arytenoid cartilage outward and forward. C.-a., 
posterior, Crico - aryteeno'ideus posticus; small tri- 
angular muscle in the back part of the larynx, ex- 
tending from the prominent line at the middle of 
the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage to the 
outer and posterior part of the base of the arytenoid 
cartilage. The crico-arytenoideus superior of Wins- 
low forms part of the aryteno'ideus muscle of modern 
anatomists. 
Crico-corniculatus, krik-o-kor-nik-u-lat'us. Occa- 
sional slip from cricoid cartilage to corniculum lar- 
yngis. 
Crico- corniculo-pharyngeus, krik-o-kor-nik'u-lo- 
far-in-ja'us. Relating to cricoid cartilage, cartilages 
of Santorini, and pharynx. 
Crico-epiglot'ticus. Relating to cricoid cartilage 
and epiglottis; epiglotticus muscle. 
Crico-hy'oid. Relating to cricoid cartilage and 
hyoid bone; anomalous muscle from hyoid bone to 
cricoid cartilage. 
Cricoid, kri'koid (krikos, a ring, eidos, form). Hav- 
ing the form of a ring. Name given to a cartilage of 
the larynx (cartilago innominata) situate at its lower 
part, between the thyroid and first ring of the trachea. 
Cricoides, krik-o-e'dees. Annular; cricoid. 
Crico-membranosus, krik-o-mem-bran-o'sus. Crico- 
epiglotticus. 
Crico-cesophage'us. Relating to cricoid cartilage 
and oesophagus ; muscle related to those parts. 
Crico-pharynge'al. Relating to the cricoid carti- 
lage and pharynx. The crico-pharyngei muscles of 
Winslow are a fleshy bundle forming part of the con- 
strictor pharyngis inferior, the other part being called 
thyro-pharyngeus, the whole mass being named thyro- 
crico-pharyngeus. 
Cri'cos. Circulus; ring. 
Crico-Santorinia'nus. Relating to cricoid carti- 
lage and cartilages of Santorini, as crico-Santorinian 
ligaments. 
Crico-thy'reo-arytsenoi'deus. Relating to the 
three cartilages named. 
Crico-thyreo-pharynge'us. Relating to cartilages 
named and pharynx. 
Crico-thyreotomy, kri-ko-thi-re-ot'o-me. Opera- 
tion of opening into the air-passages through the cri- 
coid and thyroid cartilages. 
Crico-thyroid (kri-ko-thy'roid) ar'tery. Small 
branch from lower cornua of thyroid cartilage. C. 
mem/brane, fibrous membrane extending from the 
upper edge of the cricoid cartilage to the inferior 
edge of the thyroid. C. mus'cle, Crico-thyrmdeus; 
small fleshy bundle of a triangular shape at the an- 
terior and inferior part of the larynx, extending from 
the outer surface of the cricoid cartilage to the lateral 
parts of the inferior margin of the thyroid cartilage. 
C. space, space on anterior part of the neck between 
the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. 
Crico-thyroidean, kri-ko-thi-roid'e-an. Relating to 
cricoid and thyroid cartilages. 
Cricotomy, kri-kot'o-me (krikos, ring, tome, incision). 
Laryngotomy through the cricoid cartilage. 
Crico-tracheal, kri-ko-trak-e'al. Relating to the cri- 
coid and trachea ; name given to anomalous muscular 
fibres between tracheal rings and cricoid cartilage; 
also to c. ligament connecting cricoid cartilage and 
trachea. 
Crico-tracheotomy, kri-ko-trak-e-ot'o-me. Cricot- 
omy and tracheotomy combined. 
Crimnodes, krim-no-dees. Resembling meal or 
bran; applied to urine which deposits bran-like sedi- 
ment. 
Crim'non. Wheat; barley; bran. 
Crinale, krin-al'e (crinis, hair). Instrument used 
for compression in cases of fistula lacrymalis, so called 
from its having at one end a small cushion stuffed 
with hair. 
Crinis, krin'is. Hair; capillus. 
Crino, krin'o. Dracunculus; nematoid worm in the 
skin of animals; comedo. CR1NON 
Crinon, krin'on. Lilium candidum 
Crinones (pl. of Crino), krin-o'nees (crinis, hair). 
Comedones. See Acne. 
Crinoses, krin-o'sees (krino, to separate). Diseases 
of secretion. 
Crinosity, krin-os'it-e. Hairiness. 
Crin'um Asiat'icum, bractea'tum, or defix'um. 
Species of Amaryllideee; diaphoretic, emetic, and used 
externally in local inflammations, felon, etc. 
Criomyxus, kre-o-mix'us (krios, a ram, muxa,mucus). 
One who has much mucus flowing from his nasal fossae, 
like the ram. 
Crip'ple. One who is so injured, malformed, or 
diseased as to be disturbed in his natural powers of 
movement or exercise of his functions. 
Crises. See Crisis. Term used in reference to 
pains of some spinal diseases. C., car'diac, intense 
lancinating pain in the cardiac region, with dys- 
pnoea, distress, etc. C., gastric, violent shooting 
and burning pains radiating from the epigastric 
region, accompanied with nausea and vomiting. 
C., gen'ital, violent burning and boring pain in 
the genital organs of both sexes; or excitement of 
venereal orgasm until it becomes intensely painful. 
C., genito-u'rinary, violent pain in the ureters or 
urethra, with tenesmus of the bladder. C., Intes'- 
tinal, pains similar to those of gastric crises, occurring 
particularly in the umbilical region. C., larynge'al, 
paroxysmal cough with intense pain, hoarse, rough 
respiration, etc. C., mus'cular, muscular fatigue and 
soreness. C., pain, paroxysms of excessive pain, as 
in locomotor ataxia; a pathognomonic symptom. C., 
rec'tal, burning pain radiating from the rectum. 
Crisis, kri'sis (decision). Term applied to disease 
when it augments or diminishes considerably, becomes 
transformed into another, or ceases entirely; favor- 
able change supervening in disease; change going 
on in the acme or violence of the disease; rapid and 
favorable change, joined to some copious evacuation 
or eruption; symptoms that accompany such change, 
and not the change itself. 
Crispation, kris-pa'shun (crispo, to wrinkle). Con- 
traction or spasmodic contraction, supervening in 
certain parts, either spontaneously or by the influence 
of some morbific cause or therapeutic agent. Crispa- 
tion of the nerves is a slight involuntary convulsive 
motion of external or internal parts. 
Crispatura, kris-pat-u'rah. Contracture. C. ten'- 
dinum, contraction of palmar aponeurosis or tendons. 
Crispitu'do. Crispation. 
Crissaneurysma, kris - an - u - riz' mah. Varicose 
aneurism. 
Cris'ta. Crest. Name given to several bony pro- 
jections; also to the clitoris; also fimbriated excres- 
cence forming at the anus and near the genital or- 
gans, commonly owing to the syphilitic virus. C. 
acus'tica, yellowish-white semicircular spot on the 
ampullae of the semicircular canal, near the mouth 
of the utriculus, at the termination of the twig of the 
nervus acusticus. C. arcua'ta, oblique line of thy- 
roid cartilage. C. basila'ris, prominence on ligamen- 
tum spirale for attachment of lamina basilaris; ridge 
on basilar process of occipital bone. C. capit'uli, ridge 
on head of rib, dividing its articular portion into two 
parts. C. of clit'oris, nymphse. C. cribro'sa 
or ethmoida'lis, ethmoidal spine of sphenoid 
bone; superior turbinate crest. C. falcifor'mis, 
circular ridge at bottom of internal auditory 
meatus. C. fem'oris, linea aspera. C. for'nicls, ele- 
vation on caudal surface of fornix. C. gal'll, comb 
of a cock; flat, triangular process rising above the 
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, and resembling 
a cock's comb. It gives attachment to the anterior 
part of the falx cerebri. C. gallina'cea, Verbena 
officinalis. C. gingiva'lis, gingival crest. C. glutseo'- 
rum, intertrochanteric line. C. hel'icis, portion of 
cartilage of ear above orifice of external auditory 
canal. C. il'ii, crest of the ilium, the superior 
margin of the ilium. C. iliopectine'a, ilio- 
pectineal line. C. incisi'va, incisor crest. C. 
inter'na, frontal spine. C. intertrochanter'ica, 
288 
CROCUS 
intertrochanteric line. C. juga'lis, zygomatic crest. 
C. lacryma'lis, lacrymal crest. C. mandib'ulse, 
prominence on anterior surface of coronoid process 
of lower jaw for origin of buccinator muscle. C. 
mastoi'dea, prominence on mastoid portion of 
temporal bone. C. obturato'ria, spine of pubes; 
ridge along upper edge of obturator foramen. C. 
orbita'lis, orbital crest. C. pectora'lis hu'meri, 
pectoral ridge. C. pe'nis, ridges on descending rami 
of pubes for attachment of crura penis. C. petro'sa, 
external auditory process. C. pharynge'a, pharyn- 
geal spine. C. pu'bis, crest of the pubis, the posterior 
sharp edge on the upper surface of that bone. C. 
pyramida'lis, C. vestibuli. C. sagitta'lis, linea semi- 
circularis. C. scap'ulse, spine of scapula. C. semi- 
luna'ris, anterior part of border of fenestra rotunda. 
C. sphenoida'lis, sphenoidal spine. C. spira'lis, see 
Lamina spiralis. C. tib'ise, crest of the tibia, the 
anterior edge or shin. C. transver'sa, superior tur- 
binate crest; crista falciformis. C. turbina'lis, tur- 
binate crest. C. ul'nse, external border of ulna. C. 
ure'thrae or urethra'lis, crest of the urethra; 
gallinaginis caput; verumontanum. C. vagi'nse, 
rugae or folds of the vagina. C. vestib'uli, crest 
dividing the vestibule of the ear into two 
fossae-one inferior and hemispherical, fovea or 
cavitas or fossa orbicularis, subrotunda, rotunda, or 
hemisphaerica; sinus rotundus; the other superior 
and semielliptical, fovea or cavitas or fossa ovalis, 
semiovalis, orbicularis, elliptica, semielliptica, or 
hemielliptica, terminating in a conical projection- 
Pyramis vestibuli, Eminentia pyramidalis. Morgagni 
has described a third groove-like fossa, recessus or 
fovea or fossa sulciformis, sinus sulciformis, sulcus ad 
aquaeductum vestibuli, recessus labyrinthi, situate at 
the mouth of the common orifice of the two superior 
semicircular canals. 
Cristae ampullares, kris'te am-pul-lar'ees. Ridges 
between ampullae of semicircular canals and vestibule. 
C. clitor'idis, bony ridges for attachment of crura 
clitoridis; nymphae. C. superciliazres, superciliary 
ridges. C. vagi'nae, rugae of vagina. 
Cristalloiditis, kris-tal-lo-id-e'tis. Inflammation of 
crystalline lens; phacitis. See Crystalloid. 
Crithe, krith'a (barley). Stye. Hordeolum, hor- 
deum. Penis. 
Crithidion, krith-id'e-on (dim. of Crithe). Small 
stye. 
Crithmum (krith'mum) mari'num or maritimum, 
mar-it'im-um. Plant growing on the sea-coasts, hav- 
ing a spicy, aromatic flavor; diuretic, anthelmintic, 
and aromatic, and used, pickled, as a condiment. 
Critical. Belonging to a crisis, real or expected. 
C. age, age when menstruation ceases. C. days, 
those on which a crisis, it is imagined, is most likely 
to happen. According to Hippocrates and Galen, the 
greatest number of fevers terminate favorably on the 
7th day, many on the 14th-these days being the 
most propitious. Next to these come, in order of effi- 
ciency, the 9th, 11th, 20th or 21st, 17th, 5th, 4th, 3d, 
18th, 27th, and 28th. On the 6th day the crises were 
generally unfavorable; after this, the most unfavora- 
ble were the 8th, 10th, 12th, 16th, and 19th. The 13th 
was a neutral day. C. pe'riod or time, period of ces- 
sation of menses; see Menses. 
Crocidis'mus or Crocidixis, krok-id-iks'is (Jcrokidizo, 
to pick wool). Carphology. 
Crocodilium, krok-o-dil'e-um. Echinops. 
Cro'cus. C. sativus; saffron, ord. Iridaceae; stigmata 
of crocus (Ph. U. S. and Br.) brought from the East are 
the parts used in medicine; its virtues are yielded to 
alcohol, wine, vinegar, and water; it is stimulant, ex- 
hilarating, and diaphoretic. Colcothar. C. antimo'- 
nii, oxidum stibii sulphuratum. C. Austri'acus, 
crocus. C. autumna'lis, Colchicum autumnale. 
C. frog, Colchicum autumnale. C. German'icus, 
Carthamus tinctorius. 0. In'dicus, Curcuma longa. 
C. mar'tis adstrin'gens, colcothar. C. mar'tis 
ape'riens, ferri subcarbonas. C. mar'tis vitriola'tus, 
colcothar. C., mead'ow, Colchicum autumnale. C. 
metallo'rum, oxidum stibii sulphuratum. C. officina'- CROCYDISMUS 
lis, crocus. C. orientaTis, crocus. C., pur'ple, Col- 
chicum autumnale. C. Saracen'icus, Carthamus 
tinctorius. C. sati'vus, crocus. C. silves'tris, Car- 
thamus tinctorius. 
Crocydismus, krok-id-iz'mus (krokudizo, to pick 
wool). Carphology. 
Crocydocarcino'ma (krokus, wool). Fibrous form 
of cancer; fibroma. 
Crommyon, krom'me-on. Allium cepa. 
Crommyoxyregmia, krom-me-ox-e-reg'me-ah (krom- 
muon, onion, oxus, acid, rhegnumi, to break forth. Sour 
fetid eructations, having smell like that of onions. 
Crop. Expansion of lower part of oesophagus of 
birds. Ingluvies. Polygonum fagopyrum. 
Cross of aorta. See Aorta. C. flow'er, Polygala 
vulgaris. C. of Jeru'salem, Lychnis Chalcedonica. 
C., Maltese, see Maltese. C. paral'ysis, hemiplegia, 
alternate. C., plan'tar, plantar arch. 
Crossarm'ed. Decussate. 
Cross'birth. Presentation of foetus by any other 
part than the cephalic extremity. 
Cross'breed. Progeny of parents of different 
breeds. 
Crossed. Term applied to decussating nervous 
fibres, or to paralysis occurring in the side of the 
body opposite to that of the lesion producing it; to 
amblyopia and diplopia from similar cause. C. re- 
flexes, reflex irritation in the side of the body opposite 
to the point affected. 
Cross'eye. Strabismus. 
Cross'eyed. Affected with strabismus. 
Cross'foot. See Kyllosis. 
Crossing. Union of an animal of one race with 
one of another to improve the breed. In man, as in 
other animals, union of near relatives is apt to de- 
teriorate the offspring. 
Cross'legged. Walking with one foot crossing the 
other or getting in front of it; a condition noticed in 
certain lesions of the spinal cord. 
Cross'wort. Eupatorium perfoliatum; Lysimachia 
quadrifolia. 
Crotalaria (krot-al-ar'e-ah) al'ba. Baptisia alba. 
C. espadilTa, shrub of Venezuela; sudorific. C. 
verruco'sa, plant of E. and W. Indies; its bitter 
leaves are emetic, and are also used in skin diseases; 
the root is given in colic. 
Crotalin, krot'al-in. See Crotalus horridus. 
Crotalophorus, kro-tal-of 'or-us (krotalon, rattle, 
phero, to carry). Crotalus horridus. 
Crotalus (krot'al-us) duris'sus or hor'ridus. Rattle- 
snake. Class, Reptilia, ord. Ophidia. Venomous 
reptile of North America; its poison, crotalin, is vir- 
ulent. Crotalus is so called from the rattle on its tail. 
Crotaphe (krot'af-a) or Crotaphium, krot-af'e-um 
(krotaphos, the temple). Pulsatory pain, chiefly in the 
temples, with drumming in the ears. 
Crotaphite (krot'af-ite) ar'teries. Temporal ar- 
teries. 
Crotaphi'tes. Relating to the temple; temporal 
muscles. 
Crotaphitic, krot-a-fit'ik. Temporal. C. nerve, 
superior maxillary branch of fifth nerve. 
Crotaphoceph'alus (krotaphos, temple, kephale, 
head). Double monster having the temporal bones 
fused. 
Crotaphogan'glion (krotaphos, temple). Otic gan- 
glion. 
Crot'aphos or Crot'aphus {krotaphos, temple). 
Temple; temporal bone ; pain in the temporal region. 
Crot'chet (dim. of Croc, hook). Small hook or 
crook. Obstetrical instrument whose name indicates 
its shape, used in extraction of the foetus, when 
necessary to destroy it to expedite delivery. 
Cro'ton (fcroton, a tick) antisyphilit'icus. Plant of 
Brazil; the leaves are used in syphilis, and externally 
in poultices. C. argyran'themum, indigenous in the 
Southern States; infusion is used in colic, in diarrhoea, 
and in sore throat. C. ben'zoe, benjamin. C. casca- 
ril'la, ord. Euphorbiacese. The bark of Croton eleu- 
teria (Ph. U. S. and Br.) of the Bahamas, cortex thuris, 
cascarilla, has a slightly aromatic odor and bitterish 
289 
CROUPION 
aromatic taste. The active parts are essential oil and 
bitter extractive; it is tonic and stomachic. Dose, gr. 
xv to xxx or more, in powder. The bitter principle is 
called cascarillin. C. chlo'ral, butyl chloral; see 
Chloral. C. chlo'ral hy'drate, butyl chloral hydrate. 
C. dioi'cus, plant of Mexico; root and seeds are drastic 
purgatives; the oil has similar effects to croton oil. 
C. eleute'ria, see C. cascarilla. C. eleuthe'ria, Croton 
cascarilla. C. ful'vus, root of this Brazilian plant is 
antisyphilitic. C. Jamalgo'ta, C. tiglium. C. lac- 
cif'erum, see Dacca. 0. linea'ris, species from the 
Antilles, used in colic. C. loba'tum, species from E. 
Indies, oil of which is used externally in rheumatism, 
and leaves for abscesses and furuncles. C. Malam'- 
bo, see Matias. C. oblongifo'lium, bark of root of 
this plant of E. Indies is cholagogue cathartic; ex- 
ternally applied in sprains and rheumatic pains. C. 
oil, see Croton tiglium. C. perd'iceps, herb of Brazil; 
the leaves are used for wounds; diuretic and anti- 
syphilitic. C. pseudochi'na, copalche or copalchi 
bush ; S. American plant yielding a bark, cortex co- 
palche or copalchi, very like cascarilla. C., purg'ing, 
Croton tiglium. C. racemo'sum, beenel; small 
Malabar tree, the aromatic root of which is employed 
as a liniment in headache and rheumatism. C. seeds, 
see Croton tiglium. C. tig'lium, Purging croton. Cey- 
lonese plant, every part of which is endowed with 
medicinal power. The root is a drastic cathartic ; the 
wood (pavana wood) and the seeds have like virtues. 
The croton seeds, purging nuts, yield croton oil, oleum 
tiglii (Ph. U. S. and Br.), by expression; of a pale 
brownish-yellow color, and hot, biting taste, owing to 
crotonic acid, and a most powerful drastic cathartic. 
Dose, half a drop to two drops, made into pills with 
crumbs of bread. Applied externally, it is a rube- 
facient, three to five drops being rubbed on the part, 
or one part of the oil and three parts of olive oil. 
Crotone, kro-to'na (a tick). Fungus growing on 
trees and produced by an insect; by extension, fun- 
gous tumor developed on the periosteum. 
Crotonic (kro-ton'ik) ac'id. CiHeOa. See Croton 
tiglium. 
Crotonoleic (kro-ton-o'le-ik) ac'id. Acid in croton 
oil; its active, vesicating, and cathartic principle. 
Croup (formed from the breathing and cough by 
onomatopoeia). Term variously applied to acute in- 
flammation of mucous membrane of the larynx alone, 
or larynx and trachea combined, with production of 
fibrinous exudation, diminishing the calibre of this por- 
tion of the air-passages, and causing peculiar cough and 
breathing characteristic of this disease. Of late years 
croup has been regarded as diphtheria, with laryngeal 
or laryngo-tracheal symptoms, indicating a deeper 
invasion of the structure of these regions. See Diph- 
theria. Other acute affections of these parts, with 
hoarseness, spasmodic cough, etc., have received the 
same name. See Cynanche trachealis. C., ascen'dant, 
see Croup, pharyngeal. C., bron'chial, croupous bron- 
chitis, polypus bronchialis. C., catar'rhal, see Cynanche 
trachealis. C., cer'ebral, asthma thymicum. C., cer'- 
ebral, spasmod'ic, carpopedal spasm. C., chron'ic, 
polypus bronchialis. C., descen'dant, see Croup, phar- 
yngeal. C.,diphtherit'ic, see Croup. 0., false, see Croup; 
cynanche trachealis. C., fi'brinous, see Croup. C.,hys- 
ter'ic, spasmodic affection of the laryngeal muscles in 
hysterical females. C., larynge'al, croup restricted 
to the larynx. 0., mem'branous, see Croup. C., 
pal'pebral, diphtheritic conjunctivitis. C., pharyn- 
ge'al, condition of the pharyngeal mucous membrane, 
in which, in addition to the symptoms of catarrhal 
angina, croupous deposits are seen, which spread from 
the larynx to the pharynx, or conversely. C., pseu'- 
do, false croup; see Croup. Asthma thymicum. C., 
pseudo-mem'branous, see Croup. Cynanche trache- 
alis. C., sec'ondary, see Cynanche trachealis. C., spas- 
mod'ic, false croup; see Croup, Asthma thymicum, 
and Cynanche trachealis. C., spu'rious, false croup; 
see Croup. Asthma thymicum. C., true, see Croup. 
C., u'terine, croupous endometritis. 
Croup'al. Croupous. 
Croup'ion. Sacro-coccygeal region. CROUPLIKE 
Croup'like inspiration of in'fants. Asthma thym- 
icum. 
Croup'ous or Croup'y. Relating or appertaining 
to, or resembling, croup; attended with pseudo-mem- 
branous exudation; hoarse. C. inflammation, in- 
flammation of mucous membrane attended with 
pseudo-membranous exudation. 
Crow'corn. Aletris farinosa. 
Crowd-poi'soning. Ochlesis. 
Crow'foot. Geranium maculatum; ranunculus. 
C., brist'ly, Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus. C., bul' 
bous, Ranunculus bulbosus. C., bul'bous-rooted, 
Ranunculus bulbosus. C., cel'ery-leaved, Ranuncu- 
lus sceleratus. C., crushed, Ranunculus sceleratus. 
C., marsh, Ranunculus sceleratus. C., mead'ow, Ra- 
nunculus acris. C., small-flow'ered, Ranunculus 
abortivus. C., tall, Ranunculus acris. C., water, 
small'er, Ranunculus flammula. 
Crown. See Corona. In anatomy, name given to parts 
of a circular form, surmounting other portions of the 
same body. The os uteri acts as a crown to the child's 
head during expulsion in labor. C. bark, loxa bark. 
C., cil'iary, ciliary zone. C. of the glans, round, 
almost circular, ring, circumscribing the base of the 
glans penis. C. of the head, vertex. C. pars'nip, 
Leontodon taraxacum. C. rhu'barb, Russian variety 
of rhubarb. C. of a tooth, portion of a tooth pro- 
jecting above the gum. C. of the trepan', species of 
saw, in form of a crown, or rather of a portion of a 
cylinder, having grooves on its external surface and 
teeth at its lower extremity; the other being fitted 
to the handle of the trepan. C. of Ve'nus, red, rosy 
pustules, dry or moist, on the face, particularly on 
the forehead and temples, owing to constitutional 
syphilis. 
Crown'ing. Action of retraction of neck of uterus 
over head of foetus or other presenting part, as in 
course of expulsion during labor. 
Crow's-beak'like pro'cess. Coracoid process. 
Cru'cial {crux, cross). Having the shape of, or relat- 
ing to, a cross. C. band'age, T bandage. C. incis'ion, 
incision made in the form of a cross, employed forex- 
posing the cranium for application of the trepan. C. 
lig'ament of the at'las, annular ligament of the 
atlas. C. lig'aments, two strong ligaments within the 
knee-joint; the anterior passes obliquely from a de- 
pression anterior to the spine of the tibia to the pos- 
terior and inner part of the external condyle of the 
femur; the posterior extends from the posterior part 
of the spine of the tibia to the anterior and outer part 
of the internal condyle. 
Cruciati dolores, kru-se-at'e do-lo'rees (pl. of Cru- 
ciatus, crossed). Excruciating pains. 
Cruciatus, kru-se-at'us. Crossed; excruciating 
(referring to pain). 
Cru'cible. Vessel for incineration, as of bodies in 
a crematory. 
Crucifixion attitude, kru-se-fiks'yun at'te-tude. Pe- 
culiar attitude of patient with hystero-epilepsy, de- 
scribed by Charcot, in which the head is thrown back, 
the spine curved, the feet extended, the patient rest- 
ing on the occiput and heels, the arms being thrown 
back above the level of the shoulders; it is really 
Hysterical opisthotonos. 
Cruciform, kru'se-form {crux, cross, forma, shape). 
Cross-shaped; name given to the ligaments closing 
the articulations of the phalanges, and to the crucial 
ligaments. 
Crude. Raw, unripe, not concocted, as referring to 
contents of intestine or bloody urine. 
Cruditas, kru'dit-as. Crudity. C. mor'bi, see 
Crudity. C. ventric'uli, see Crudity. 
Cru'dity {crudus, raw). Rawness, crudeness; quality 
of aliments which have not experienced the action of 
fire. Condition of undigested matters in the digestive 
tube, Cruditas 'ventriculi; condition of morbific matter 
in a sick individual, Cruditas morbi; when it has not 
yet been prepared or concocted by the action of the 
organs, Azymia humorum. In the plural, Crudities 
signifies crude matters contained in the stomach and 
intestines. C., ac'id, acid dyspepsia. 
290 
> CRURAL 
Crudlv'orous {crudus, crude, voro, to eat). Eating 
raw food habitually. 
Cru'dus. Crude. 
Cru'els. Herpes zoster; scrofula. 
Cruenta exspuitio, kru-en-tah ex-spu-ish'e-o {cruor, 
coagulated blood). Haemoptysis; spitting of blood. 
Cruentation, kru-en-ta'shun. Bloody oozing, as 
from dead body. 
Cruen'tin. Substance formed by action of sul- 
phuric acid on haemoglobin. 
Cruenture'sis {cruentus, bloody, ouron, urine). Hae- 
maturia. 
Cruen'tus. Bloody. 
Cru'men. Lacrymal sinus. 
Crumena, kru-men'ah. Small sac or bag. C. 
nuptia'lis, scrotum. C. urina'riae or vesi'cse, cavity 
of urinary bladder. 
Crumenophthalmus, kru-men-of-thal'mus {crumena, 
sac, ophthalmos, eye). Hairy, baggy, or sac-like appear- 
ance around the eye. 
Cru'or (fcrwos, a blood-clot). Coagulated blood, gore; 
blood in general, venous blood, extravasated or coag- 
ulated blood, and the coloring matter of the blood. 
C. san'guinis, see Blood. 
Cru'orin. Haemoglobin. See Globules of the blood. 
Crupo'sus. Croupy. 
Crup'per {croupe, rump). Croupion. C. bone, 
coccyx. C. incis'ion, originated by Malgaigne in 
oval amputation, of the shape of a longitudinal cut, 
extending from the apex of the oval, and having the 
appearance of a crupper. 
Crupsia, krup'se-ah (krupsis, concealment, decep- 
tion). Metamorphopsia. 
Cru'ra (pl. of Crus, a leg). Applied to some parts 
of the body, from resemblance to legs or roots, as C. 
cerebri, C. cerebelli, etc. C. anterio'ra medul'lse 
oblonga'tse, peduncles of the brain. C. bifurca'ta, 
C. helicis. C. cerebel'li, peduncles of the cerebellum. 
C. cerebel'li ad cor'pora quadrigem'ina, see Pedun- 
cles of the cerebellum. C. cerebel'li ad pon'tem, see 
Peduncles of the cerebellum. C. cer'ebri, peduncles of 
the brain. C. clitor'idis inter'na, bulbus vestibuli. 
C. cor'porum cavernoso'rum pe'nis, see Cavernous 
bodies. C. diaphrag'matis, see Diaphragm. C. of 
for'nix, pillars of fornix. C. hel'icis, two ridges on 
the outer surface of the external ear. C. labio'rum 
majo'rum, crura of nymphse. C. medul'lse oblonga'- 
tae, corpora restiformis, thalami nervorum opticorum; 
see Peduncles of the cerebellum. C. of nym'phae, folds 
of nymph se embracing the clitoris. C. of pe'nis, part 
of corpora cavernosa attached to rami of ischium and 
pubis. C. posterio'ra medul'lse oblonga'tse, pedun- 
cles of the cerebellum. C. u'teri, round ligaments 
of uterus. C. ventriculo'rum, horns of lateral ven- 
tricles of brain. 
Crurseus, kru-re'us. Cruralis. 
Cru'ral {crus, thigh or leg). What belongs to the 
thigh or lower limb. C. arch, inguinal or femoral 
arch; Poupart's ligament; 1. of Fallopius; arch 
formed by the internal portion of the inferior edge 
of the aponeurosis of the obliquus externus muscle, 
which is attached at one end to the pubis, at the 
other to the anterior and superior spinous process of 
the ilium. At its posterior and inner part the apo- 
neurosis forming the arch sends off a falciform re- 
flection attached along the crest of the pubis, and 
known under the name of Gimbernat's ligament. 
C. ar'tery, femoral artery; continuation of the ex- 
ternal iliac artery extending from the crural arch to 
the aperture in the triceps or to the ham; also trunk 
extending from the primitive or common iliac to the 
tibial arteries, embracing, of course, the external 
iliac, femoral, and popliteal. C. bulb, enlargement 
of spinal cord in lumbar region. C. canal' or 
ring, femoral canal or ring; canal nearly an inch 
long, triangular, more spacious above than below, and 
shorter and broader in the female than in the male. 
Upper orifice is bounded anteriorly by the crural 
arch; posteriorly by the crista of the pubis; on the 
outer side by the psoas and iliacus muscles, covered 
by the iliac aponeurosis; and at the inner by Gimber- CRURALIS 
nat's ligament. This orifice is covered by the perito- 
neum, and is closed by a septum, septum crurale, cru- 
ral septum. Its inferior orifice is formed by the fora- 
men of the fascia lata, giving passage to the vena 
saphsena. At the upper orifice of this canal the fem- 
oral or crural hernia occurs, which would be more 
common were it not for the fibrous cellular septum. 
C. her'nia, femoral hernia; see C. canal and Hernia. 
C. mo'nospasm, spasm limited to the leg. C. nerve, 
this proceeds from the lumbar plexus, and is situate 
at the outer side of the psoas muscle and crural ar- 
tery. After it has passed under the crural arch it 
divides into cutaneous and muscular branches. One 
branch, larger than the rest, is called the saphaena 
nerve. The remainder of the branches of the crural 
are distributed to the anterior and inner part of the 
thigh. The accessory of the crural nerve includes 
the fourth and fifth pairs of lumbar nerves. C. 
plex'us, union of the anterior branches of the last 
four pairs of lumbar nerves and the first four sacral, 
forming the lumbar and sacral plexuses. C. pro'to- 
spasm, spasm beginning in one leg and extending to 
the other limb and half the body, or both sides of the 
body. C. ring, crural canal. C. sep'tum, see Crural 
canal. C. sheath, sheath formed by transversalis fas- 
cia continued in front of, and pelvic fascia behind, 
upper portion of femoral artery. C. vein, femoral 
vein, has the same arrangement as the artery ; it re- 
ceives only one great branch, the saphaena vein. 
Cruralis (kru-ral'is) or Cruraeus, kru-re'us. Muscle 
situate at the anterior, outer, and inner part of the 
thigh; arising, fleshy, from between the two trochan- 
ters, adhering firmly to most of the fore part of the 
os femoris, and is inserted, tendinous, into the upper 
part of the patella, behind the rectus. It assists the 
vasti and rectus muscles in the extension of the leg. 
Small muscular slips, sometimes found under the cru- 
raeus muscle and inserted into the capsular ligament 
of the knee-joint, have been called subcruraei and 
subcrurales, articularis genu. 
Cru'ris ra'dius. Fibula. 
Cruro-genital, kru-ro-jen'it-al. Relating to thigh 
and genital organs. 
Cruro-inguinal, kru-ro-in'gwin-al. Relating to 
thigh and groin. 
Crus (leg). Thigh. See Crura. C. ante'rius hel'- 
icis, crista helicis. C. Barbad'icum, elephantiasis; 
see Barbadoes leg. C. cerebel'li, see Crura cerebelli. 
C. cer'ebri, see Crura cerebri. C. commu'ne, com- 
bined part of posterior and superior semicircular ca- 
nals. C. exter'num, folds of nymphae forming pre- 
puce. C. for'nicis, see Fornix. C. glan'dis, folds of 
nymphae passing beneath the clitoris and attached to 
the glans forming the frenulum. C. inter'num, C. 
glaudis. C., lam'ellated, see Crusta. C. me'dium, 
middle peduncle of cerebellum. C. pe'nis, see Penis. 
C. prseputia'le, C. externum. C. transver'sum, trans- 
verse ligament of atlas. C. u'teri, round ligament 
of uterus. 
Crusher. Ecraseur, lithotrite. 
Crusocreatinine, kru-zo-kre-at'in-een (kruseos, yel- 
low, kreas, flesh). CsHsNtO. Golden-yellow leuco- 
maine found in muscular tissue. See Leucoma'ines 
(table). 
Crust. Scab; eschar. See Crusta. C., French, 
syphilis. C., lam'ellated, see Crusta. C., milk, crus- 
ta lactea; porrigo larvalis. C. of ped'uncle, anterior 
portion of crus cerebri; see Peduncles of the brain. C. 
transver'sum, transverse ligament of atlas. 
Crus'ta. Crust or scab; assemblage of small flakes 
formed by the drying up of a fluid secreted by the 
skin. Ordinary crust is a solid mass, the result of the 
drying up of exuded fluids or of extravasated blood ; 
at times it is lamellated, consisting of layers placed one 
over the other. The lining membrane of the stom- 
ach and intestines has been called crusta villosa. C. 
adamanti'na den'tium, enamel of the teeth. C. car- 
no'sa, muscular coat of stomach and intestines. C. 
cru'ris cer'ebri, crust of cerebral peduncle. C. 
fibro'sa, cement; see Tooth. C. ge'nu equi'nae, Sweat 
or Knee scab, Morck or Encircled hoof knees, Hangers, 
291 
CRYPTOCEPHALUS 
Dew claws, Night eyes, Horse crust; morbid secretion 
from the horse, formerly used in epilepsy and other 
nervous diseases. C. inflammato'ria, huffy coat; co- 
rium phlogisticum. C. lac'tea, porrigo larvalis, por- 
rigo lupinosa. C. lamello'sa, see Crusta. C. mem- 
brana'cea, villous or mucous coat of the intestines. 
C. petro'sa, see Tooth. C. phlogis'tica or pleuret'- 
ica, huffy coat; corium phlogisticum. C. prurig- 
ino'sa, gutta rosea. C. serpigino'sa, gutta rosea. C. 
vermicula'ris, mucous coat of the stomach and bow- 
els. C. villo'sa, mucous membrane of stomach and 
bowels. C. v. lin'guse, see Tongue. C. v. ventric'uli, 
mucous membrane of stomach. 
Crusta'tion. Incrustation. 
Crustula, krus'tu-lah (dim. of Crusta). Small 
shell or scab. Ecchymosis of the conjunctiva. 
Crutch. Staff with a cross-piece at the top, placed 
under the shoulder or armpit, to support the lame or 
infirm in walking. C. disease, simple gastric ulcer. 
C. pal'sy or paral'ysis, paralysis produced by pres- 
sure of a crutch on the nerves of the axilla. 
Cruveilhier's (kru-vale-he-a's) at'rophy or paral'- 
ysis (after M. Cruveilhier of Paris). Progressive mus- 
cular atrophy. 
Crux cer'vi. Bone in the heart of the stag, once 
used as a remedy in heart diseases. 
Cry (example of onomatopoeia). Sound of the un- 
articulated voice; native voice. The cry of the new- 
born child has been called vagitus. The hydrocephalic 
cry or shriek is a single violent cry or shriek, resem- 
bling the cry of a person suddenly exposed to great 
danger. The epileptic cry is a peculiar discordant cry 
or yell uttered just before arrest of respiration in an 
epileptic fit. C. cen'tre, see Centre. 
Cryaesthesia, kre-ees-tha'ze-ah (kruos, cold, aisthesis, 
sensation). Extreme sensitiveness to cold. 
Cry'ing. Production of cry. 
Crymodes, krim-o'dees (krumos, cold). Intensely 
cold; sensation in algid fever. Term applied to con- 
tinued fever, in which the internal parts feel hot and 
the external cold; attributed formerly to erysipelat- 
ous inflammation of the lungs. 
Crymodynia, krim-o-din'e-ah (krumos, cold, odicne, 
pain). Pain of chronic rheumatism. 
Crymoses, krim-o'sees (krumos, cold). Diseases 
caused by cold. 
Cryphalum, kriph'al-um (kekruphalos, helmet). 
Eeticulum; second stomach of ruminant animals. 
Crypsor'chis or Cryptorchis, krip-tor'kis (krupto, 
to conceal, orchis, testicle). One in whom the testes 
have not descended into the scrotum; the condition 
being called cryptorchidism, cryptorchism, or retained 
testicle. 
Crypt. Crypta. 
Cryp'ta. Crypt, folliculose gland, follicle. Small 
secreting cavity formed by a depression of the skin 
or mucous membranes, crypta mucosa, follicular muco- 
sas. Cryptal or follicular secretion keeps the parts 
on which it is poured supple and moist, and pre- 
serves them from the action of irritating bodies. 
Little rounded appearances or glomeruli at the ends 
of the small arteries in the cortical substance of the 
kidney are also called Cryptse. C. muco'sa, see 
Crypta. 
Cryptse (kript'e) (pl. of Crypta) i'ridis. Small 
crypts or follicles on front surface of iris. C. Lieber- 
kiihnia'nse, Lieberkuhn's glands. C. Litt'rii, preputial 
glands. C. min'imse or muco'sae, Lieberkuhn's 
glands. C. odorif'erae or praeputia'les, preputial 
glands; see Sebaceous glands. C. seba'ceae, sebace- 
ous glands. C. Tyso'niae, preputial glands. 
Cryptandrous, kript-an'drus (crypto, aner, male). 
Not having distinct male generative organs. 
Cryptidine, crypt'id-een. Alkaloid, CnHuN, pro- 
duced by dry distillation of quinine. 
Cryp'to (kruptos, concealed). In composition, con- 
cealed. 
Cryptocar'ya densiflo'ra (crypto, karuon, nut). 
Bark contains bitter substance, used in puerperal 
convulsions, etc. 
Cryptocephalus, kript-o-sef'al-us (crypto, kephale, CRYPTOCOCCUS 
head). Monster whose head is excessively small, and 
does not appear externally. 
Cryptococcus, kript-o-kok'kus (crypto, kokkos, ber- 
ry). Saccharomyces. C. cerevis'i® or fermen'tum, 
torula cerevisi®, saccharomyces cerevisi®. 
Cryptodidymus, kript-o-did'im-us (crypto, didumos, 
twin). Monstrosity in which one foetus is found con- 
tained in another, foetus in foetu, included foetus. 
Cryptogamous (kript-og'am-us) or Cryptogamic, 
kript-o-gam'ik (crypto, gamos, marriage). Epithet ap- 
plied to plants whose organs of fructification are con- 
cealed or not manifest. 
Crypto-impetigines. Group of skin diseases, such 
as maculae and squamae. 
Cryptolith, kript'o-lith (crypto, lithos, stone). 
Encysted calculus, or C. concealed in crypt or follicle. 
Cryptoneurus, kript-o-nu'rus (crypto, neuron, nerve). 
Having no apparent or visible nervous system. 
Cryptophanic (kript-o-fan'ik) a'cid. H2C5H7NO5. 
Acid to which acidity of urine is credited. 
Cryptophlogosis, kript-o-flog-o'sis (crypto, phlogosis, 
inflammation). Inflammation of follicles of skin. 
Cryptophthalmia, kript-of-thal'me-ah. Congenital 
atresia of the eyelids, hiding the eyeball from sight; 
closure of palpebral fissure by skin, the globe and 
orbit being absent. One so affected is said to be 
Cryptophthal' mus. 
Cryptopia (kript-o'pe-ah), Crypt'opine, Crypto'- 
pianine, or Crypt'open (kruptos, concealed, opium). 
C21H23NO5. Alkaloid obtained from weak spirituous 
washings of crude precipitated morphia. 
Cryptopyic, kript-o-pi'ik (crypto, puon, pus). State 
of disease kept up by occult abscess. 
Cryptor'chid (crypto, orchis, testicle). One whose 
testicles have not descended into the scrotum. 
Cryptor'chidism or Cryptorchism, kript-or'kism. 
Crypsorchis. 
Cryptorchis, kript-or'kis. Crypsorchis. 
Crypto'ses. Diseases of crypts or mucous follicles. 
Cryptostenoses, kript-o-sten-o'ses (crypto, stenos, 
narrow). Diseases of follicles of the skin, in which 
they are in a contracted condition. 
Cryptozous, kript-o-zo'us (crypto, zoe, life). Being 
in apparently lifeless condition, the functions seem- 
ing to be in abeyance. 
Cryptoz'ygous (crypto, zugon, arch). Term applied 
to skull in which zygomatic arch is hardly noticed 
when viewed from above. 
Crypts of Lieberkuhn. See Intestine and Lieber- 
kuhn's glands. C., multiloc'ular, simple pouch-like 
glands; lobules of acinose gland. C. seba'ceous, 
sebaceous glands. C., syno'vial, burs® mucos®. 
Crys'tal, ear. Otolith. C., min'eral, potass® 
nitras fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus. 
Crystalli, kris-tal'le (pl. of Crystallus, crystal). 
Vesicles filled with a watery fluid; probably pem- 
phigus, chicken-pox vesicles. C. lu'n®, argenti nitras. 
Cryst'allin. Globulin of the crystalline lens. 
Crystallina, kris-tal'lin-ah (krustallos, crystal). 
Vesicle or phlyctsena filled with serum, and appear- 
ing on the prepuce or in the vicinity of the anus, sur- 
rounded by a reddish extravasated aureola. See 
Crystalli. C. tu'nica,arachnoid membrane. 
Crystalline, kris'tal-line. Having the appearance 
or nature of crystal. C. lens or bod'y or hu'mor, 
lenticular, transparent body, situate between the 
vitreous and aqueous humors of the eye, at the union 
of the anterior third with the two posterior thirds of 
the organ. It is composed of a soft exterior substance, 
and its interior is made up of albuminoid substance, 
forming a solid nucleus, in which a number of ellipti- 
cal layers is perceptible. It is contained in a capsule, 
capsule of the lens, which receives, at its posterior sur- 
face, a small branch of the central artery of the retina, 
always readily distinguishable in the foetus prior to 
the seventh month of utero-gestation. The crystalline 
refracts rays of light and serves as an achromatic 
glass, for which its lamin® or layers, increasing in 
refractive power from the circumference to the cen- 
tre, admirably adapt it. C., opac'ity of, see Cataract. 
Crystalline -capsuli'tis. Inflammation of the lens 
292 
CUBITAL 
and its capsule. See Phacitis. C. ante'rior, inflam- 
mation of anterior portion of capsule of lens. 
Crystallinocele, kris-tal-lin-o-se'le (Eng. kris-tal'- 
lin-o-seel). Hernia of crystalline lens. 
Crystallion, kris-tal'le-on. Plantago psyllum. 
Crystallitis, kris-tal-le'tis. Phacitis. 
Crystallization, kris-tal-li-za'shun. Aggregation 
of component particles into regular geometric shapes. 
Crystallocatapiesis, kris-tal-lo-kat-ap-e-a'sis (kata- 
piesis, depression). See Cataract. 
Crystallocataracta, kris-tal-lo-kat-ar-ak'tah. Cat- 
aract of the lens. 
Crystallocatathesis, kris-tal-lo-kat-ath'es-is (kata- 
thesis, laying down). Couching lens. See Cataract. 
Crystalloid, kris'tal-loid. Eesembling crystal or 
the crystalline. Capsule or membrane of the crystal- 
line ; crystalline lens itself. Substance passing with 
facility through porous septa. See Colloid. 
Crystalloiditis, kris-tal-lo-id-e'tis. Inflammation 
of the crystalline lens. 
Crystalloparatopia, kris-tal-lo-par-at-op'e-ah (krus- 
tallos, crystalline lens, para, beyond, topos, place). 
Displacement or dislocation of the crystalline lens. 
Cry stalluridrosis, kris-tal-u-rid-ro'sis (krystallos, 
crystalline lens, oaron, urine, hidros, sweat). Excre- 
tion of elements of urine through the sweat. 
CrystaPlus minera'lis. Potassae nitras fusus sul- 
phatis paucillo mixtus. 
Crystals, blood. Haematoidin. Eed, transparent 
crystals composed of oxyhaemoglobin. C. of Ve'nus, 
crystals of copper sulphate. 
Ctedon, kta'don. Fibre. 
Cteis, teis (comb). Pubes; row of incisor teeth; 
hair of pubes; ulnar margin of hand. 
Cubatio, ku-bah'she-o (cubo, to lie down). Decubi- 
tus ; anteversion and retroversion of the uterus. 
Cu'beb. Cubeba. 
Cubeba, ku-be'bah. Piper cubeba. C. officina'lis 
or officina'rum, Piper cubeba. 
Cubebic (ku-beb'ik) add. Eesin derived from 
cubebs (C13H14O7); laxative and diuretic. 
Cubeb'in. C10H10O3. Crystallized substance de- 
rived from cubebs. 
Cu'bic space. Amount of space that should be al- 
lowed to a patient in a hospital; 1000 cubic feet being 
considered the proper amount. 
Cubiform, ku'be-form (cubus, cube, forma, shape). 
Cuboid. 
Cu'bit. Ulna; elbow; forearm. C., top of, olecra- 
non. 
Cubitaeus, ku-bit-e'us. Cubital; cubitalis. 
Cu'bital. Connected with or relating to the cubi- 
tus or to the inner and posterior part of the forearm. 
C. ar'tery, this artery arises from the humeral a little 
below the bend of the elbow, proceeds along the an- 
terior and inner part of the forearm, passes anterior 
to the annular ligament of the carpus, and goes to 
form, in the palm of the hand, the superficial palmar 
arch. Besides the numerous other branches which it 
gives off, it sends posteriorly the common trunk of 
the interosseous arteries, and internally the two cu- 
bital recurrents, anterior and posterior-articular 
branches anastomosing on the inside of the elbow 
with the divisions of the humeral artery. C. mus'- 
cles are two in number: 1. C. anterior or internus, 
flexor carpi ulnaris or f. ulnaris internus, a long mus- 
cle situate at the anterior and inner part of the 
forearm, arising from the inner condyle of the os 
humeri, at the inner side of the olecranon, and from 
the posterior edge of the ulna, and inserted by a ten- 
don into the os pisiforme. It bends the hand on the 
forearm by directing it slightly inward. 2. Cubitalis 
posterior or externus, extensor carpi ulnaris, ulnaris 
externus, cubiteus externus, situate at the posterior 
part of the forearm. It arises from the external con- 
dyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into the supe- 
rior extremity of the fifth bone of the metacarpus. 
It extends the hand, inclining it a little inward. C. 
nerve, Ulnar nerve ; this is furnished by the last two 
or three nerves of the brachial plexus, and is distrib- 
uted to the inner and anterior side of the forearm, to CUBITALE 
the inner part of the palm and the back of the hand, 
and to the last two or three fingers. C. veins, the 
recurrent cubital veins, accompanying the correspond- 
ing arteries. The superficial or cutaneous cubital be- 
long to the basilic. 
Cubitale (ku-bit-al'e) os. Cuneiform bone. 
Cubitalis, ku-bit-al'is. Cubital; anconseus; cunei- 
form bone of hand. See Cubital muscles. C., ante'rior, 
flexor carpi ulnaris. C. exter'nus, extensor carpi ul- 
naris. C. gra'cilis, palmaris longus. C. inter'nus, 
flexor carpi ulnaris. C., posterior, extensor carpi ul- 
naris. C. Riola'ni, anconaeus. 
Cubiteus (ku-bit-e'us) exter'nus. See Cubital mus- 
cles. 
Cu'bito. In composition, the cubitus or ulna. 
Cubito-car'pal. Relating to forearm or ulna and 
carpus or wrist. 
Cubito-car'peus. Cubito-carpal; flexor carpi ul- 
naris. 
Cubito-cuta'neous nerve. Internal cutaneous 
nerve of arm. 
Cubito-dig'ital. Relating to forearm or ulna and 
fingers. 
Cubiton, ku'bit-on. Elbow. 
Cubito-palma'ris. Relating to the forearm or ulna 
and palm of hand. C.-p. ar'tery, superficial palmar 
arch. 
Cubito-phalangettia'nus. Relating to forearm or 
ulna and phalanxes; flexor digitorum profundus. 
Cubito-praephalange'us. Analogue in some lower 
animals of extensor minimi digiti. 
Cubito-ra'dial. Relating to radius and ulna; pro- 
nator quadratus muscle. 
Cubito-suprametacar'pal. Relating to ulna and 
upper part of metacarpus. Extensor carpi ulnaris; 
extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis. 
Cubito- suprapalmaris, ku-bit-o-su-prah-pal-mar'- 
is. Belonging to the cubitus and suprapalmar or 
dorsal surface of the hand. Small artery given off by 
the cubital or ulnar, a little above the wrist; vein 
accompanying this artery. 
Cubito-supraphalange'al. Relating to ulna or 
forearm and upper part of phalanges, as C.-s. muscle, 
extensor primi internodii pollicis. 
Cu'bitus or Cu'bitum. Elbow; ulna ; decubitus; 
bed. Ancient name of a measure 18 inches long. 
C. cos'taa, see Costa. C. supi'nus, see Decubitus. 
Cu'boid (kubos, cube, eidos, form). Cyboid. Hav- 
ing the form of a cube. A bone of the tarsus, situate 
at the anterior and outer part of the tarsus, and ar- 
ticulated, behind, with the calcaneum; before, with 
the last two metatarsal bones ; and within, with the 
third cuneiform bone, and sometimes with the scaph- 
oid. 
Cuboido-navic'ular or Cuboido-scaph'oid. Re- 
lating to cuboid and scaphoid bones. 
Cuca. Coca. 
Cucalne. Cocaine. 
Cuck'le or Cuck'old. Arctium lappa. C. cap, 
Aconitum napellus. 
Cuck'oo bread. Oxalis acetosella; Cardamine pra- 
tensis. C. flow'er, Cardamine pratensis; lychiris. C. 
pint, Arum maculatum; Orchis mascula. 
Cucubalus baccifer, ku-ku'bal-usbak'sif-ur. Herb 
employed as astringent and styptic. C. be'hen, spat- 
ling poppy; plant once considered alexipharmic and 
cordial. C. visco'sus, species employed as emetic. 
All the forms of Cucubalus are varieties of Silena. 
Cucul'la (monkshood). Lower portion of trapezius 
muscle, so called from its shape. 
Cucul'lse, ku-kul'le (pl. of Cuculla). Cartilages of 
the nose. 
Cucullaris, ku-kul-lar'is. Trapezius. 
Cucullata, ku-kul-lat'ah. Sanicula; pinguicula. 
Cucul'lus, ku-kul'lus (hood). Cucupha, infundib- 
ulum of the cochlea. C. Hippoc'ratis, turbinate 
bone. 
Cuculus, ku'ku-lus (cuckoo). Coccyx. Pertussis. 
Cu'cumber. Cucumis sativus. C., ass's, Momor- 
dica elaterium. C., In'dian, Medeola Virginica. C., 
squirt'ing or wild, Momordica elaterium. C., star, 
293 
I CUICHUNCHI LLI 
one-seeded, Sycios angulatus. C. tree, Magnolia acu- 
minata. 
Cucumer, ku'ku-mer. Cucumis sativus. 
Cucumis, ku'ku-mis (gourd). Cucumis sativus; 
penis. C. agres'tis, Momordica elaterium. C. ama- 
ris'simus, species used as substitute for colocynth. 
C. caf'fer, see Cucurbita citrullus. C. citrul'lus, 
watermelon, Cucurbita citrullus; diuretic. C. colo- 
cyn'this, colocynth or bitter apple, bitter gourd, bit- 
ter cucumber; ord. Cucurbitacese. Turkey and Cape 
of Good Hope plant; the spongy part or medulla of 
the fruit, Colocynthis (Ph. U. S. and Br.), is the fruit of 
Citrullus colocynthis deprived of its rind. It has a 
bitter, nauseous, and acrimonious taste, and is a strong 
cathartic, acting chiefly on the upper part of the in- 
testines. Its virtues are dependent upon a bitter 
principle, colocynthin or colocynthite; but another 
principle, colocynthitin, has been derived from it. C. 
me'lo, systematic name of melon plant, melo, common 
melon; fruit is an agreeable article of diet, but not 
very digestible, unless when ripe; seeds possess 
mucilaginous properties. C. sati'vus, systematic 
name of cucumber plant; the cucumber or cowcumber 
is used, when young, as a pickle, when it is called a 
gherkin; it is not easy of digestion; seeds are 
mucilaginous. Ointment of green cucumbers-cucum- 
ber ointment-is used as a cooling emollient salve; 
made by combining, by means of heat, the juice of 
green cucumbers with lard and suet. C. sylves'tris, 
Momordica elaterium. C. trigo'nus, species from 
E. Indies; purgative. 
Cucupha, ku'ku-phah. Coif or cap, with double 
bottom, between which is enclosed a mixture of aro- 
matic powders, formerly used as an application to the 
head. 
Cucurbita, ku-kur'bit-ah. Gourd. See Cupping-glass. 
C. angu'ria, C. citrullus. C. cathart'ica, Citrullus 
colocynthis. C. citrul'lus, systematic name of the 
watermelon plant; juice of fruit is very abundant, 
whence its name. Watermelon is refreshing and 
agreeable when cool; it is much used in the U. States 
and in S. Africa; seeds of the watermelon have been 
employed as a domestic remedy in strangury and other 
affections of the urinary passages. The pulp of the root 
of the gourd, Cucurbita lagenaria, is a drastic purga- 
tive. C. cruen'ta, wet cup, or cup applied to promote 
flow of blood after scarification, etc. See Cupping. C. 
lagena'ria, see C. citrullus, C. pepo, and Lagenaria. C. 
leucan'tha, see Cucurbita pepo. C. le'vis, dry cup. C. 
maxima, red (gourd, growing in Europe, Asia, and 
America; diuretic and anthelmintic. C. melope'po, 
see Cucurbita pepo. C. occidenta'lis, species from 
W. Indies; anthelmintic. C. par'va, cupping-glass, 
originally made of a gourd. C. pe'po, systematic 
name of common pompion or pumpkin ; seeds of this 
plant, Pepo (Ph. U. S.), as well as those of Cucurbita 
lagenaria, bottle-gourd, contain a large proportion of 
oil, capable of forming emulsion, and are used in 
tapeworm, in dose of to The fixed oil of the 
seeds has been given with success in the same cases, 
in dose of half a fluidounce. The fruits of Cucurbita 
lagenaria or C. leucantha or C. melopepo, round or 
pattypan squash, cymling, and of C. verrucosa, warted 
or long-necked squash, are eaten. C. pinnatif'ida, C. 
citrullus. 
Cucurbitatio, ku-kur-bi-tah'she-o. Wet cupping. 
C. sic'ca, dry cupping. 
Cucurbitinus, ku-kur-bit-e'nus. Name formerly 
given to taenia solium, because composed of rings 
resembling seeds of the gourd, cucurbita. See Taenia 
and Proglottis. 
Cucurbitula, ku-kur-bit'u-lah (dim. of Cucurbita). 
Cupping-glass. See Cupping. C. cruen'ta, cupping 
with the scarificator. C. cum fer'ro, cupping with 
the scarificator. C. le'vis or sic'ca, dry cupping. 
Cud. Food of ruminant animals swallowed and 
regurgitated. 
Cud'weed. Antennaria plantaginifolia, Gnaphalium 
margaritaceum. 
Cuema, ku-a'mah. Cyema. 
Cuichunchilli or Cuichunchulli. Root of lonid. CUIRASS 
ium parviflorum of Peru; diaphoretic, diuretic, and 
emeto-cathartic. 
Cuirass, kweer-ass'. Shield-shaped bandage, usually 
immovable, applied to the chest. C. can'cer, shield- 
shaped cancer of the chest. 
Cul'cita or Culcitra, kul'sit-rah. Pillow or cushion. 
C. perfora'ta, perforated cushion, employed in con- 
nection with obstetric chair. C. sali'na, salt pillow; 
halotyle. 
Cul-de-sac, kool'der-sak ([F.] blind alley). Blind 
sac or sac-like cavity. C., Douglas's, see Uterus. 
Culeus, ku'le-us. Measure containing 20 barrels, 
equal to 180 gallons, scrotum: vagina; pericardium. 
Cu'li flos. Cardamine pratensis. 
Culil'aban, Culil'awan, Culit'lawan, or Culit'la- 
wang. See Laurus culilawan. 
Cul'men. Acme. C. cerebel'li, upper portion of 
superior vermiform process. 
Culmination, kul-min-a'shun (culmen, the top). 
Acme, as of a fever. 
Cultel'lus (dim. of Culter). Culter; small knife. 
C. an'ceps, double-edged knife. C. un'cus, crotchet 
knife. 
Cul'ter (cote, cultum, to cultivate). Coulter; knife ; 
scalpel, bistoury. Third lobe of the liver, from some 
fancied resemblance. C. cur'vus or falca'tus, knife, 
crooked. C. lenticula'ris, knife, lenticular. C. 
rec'tus, knife, amputation. C. tonso'rius, razor. 
Cultivation, kul-tiv-a'shun. See Culture. 
Cultrariorum (kul-trar-e-o'rum) asth'ma (cultra- 
rius, grinder). Grinder's asthma. 
Cultricollis, kul-trik-ol'lis (culter, knife, collum, 
neck). Having neck or thorax shaped like a knife- 
blade. 
Cultrivorous, kul-triv'or-us (culter, knife, voro, to 
devour). Term applied to individuals who seem to 
swallow knives with impunity-knife-eaters. 
Culture, kul'shur. Cultivation, multiplication, and 
propagation of micro-organisms in nutritive mate- 
rial, as broth, gelatin, etc., for closer study and in- 
vestigation. These fluids are called culture-media. In 
plate cultivation or culture the micro-organisms be- 
come separated on a plane surface, and as they grow 
each one forms its own colony. Cultures are thus 
obtained which consist of only one form of organism; 
these are called pure cultures. See Bacteria. 
Cuius, ku'lus. Anus. 
Cumarin, ku'mar-in. Coumarin. 
Cum'frey. Comfrey. 
Cu'min. Cuminum cyminum. 
Cuminum cyminum, ku-me'num sim-e'num. Sys- 
tematic name of cummin or cumin plant, a native 
of Egypt, ord. Umbelliferse. The seeds have a 
warm, bitterish, disagreeable taste; they are used 
in form of plaster. C. minu'tum, C. cyminum. C. 
ni'grum, nigella. C. praten'se, carum. C. Roma'- 
num, C. cyminum. 
Cum/min. Cuminum cyminum. 
Cumulative, ku'mu-la-tiv (cumulus, a heap). In- 
creasing by successive additions. Cumulative action 
of medicines generally means violent action super- 
vening after single and successive doses have been 
taken with little or no apparent effect. 
Cumulus, ku'mu-lus. A heap. Bounded promi- 
nence in the centre of the proligerous disk, in which 
there is a small opaque cavity containing the ovum. 
C., ger'minal, germinati'vus, or prolig'erus, embry- 
onic area; discus proligerus. 
Cundurango, kun-du-ran'go. Tree of Ecuador, 
wood and bark of which enjoyed a temporary but 
undeserved reputation in the cure of cancer; also 
used in syphilis. 
Cu'neal or Cuneate, ku'ne-ate (cuneus, wedge). 
Wedge-shaped. C. lob'ule, triangular space on the 
middle surface of the cerebral hemispheres between the 
parieto-occipital and calcarine fissures. C. nu'cleus, 
mass of gray nervous matter in funiculus cuneatus. 
Cunealis sutura, ku-ne-al'is su-tu'rah (cuneus, 
wedge). Suture formed between the great and little 
ahe of the sphenoid bone and os frontis. 
Cuneiform, ku'ne-e-form (cuneus, wedge, forma, 
294 
I CUPPED 
shape). Wedge-shaped. Name given to sphenoid 
bone; bone of carpus, situate between os lunare and 
os orbiculare, also called os pyramidale, os triquetrum, 
and os cubitale; to the basilary process of the occip- 
ital bone, and to three bones of the tarsus, distin- 
guished according to situation, reckoning from within 
outward, into first, second, and third, or internal, 
middle, and external; and according to size, reckoning 
in the same order, into great, small, and middle-sized. 
C. car'tilages of the lar'ynx, cartilages of Wris- 
berg ; two small cylinders of fibro-cartilage enlarged 
at each extremity. By the base the cartilage is at- 
tached to the middle of external surface of the aryte- 
noid ; its upper extremity forms a prominence on the 
border of the aryteno-epiglottidean fold of membrane. 
C. col'umns, columns of Burdach; white nervous 
fibres in posterior columns of spinal cord. 
Cu'neo. In composition, the cuneiform bones. 
Cuneo-cuboid, ku-ne-o-ku'boid. Belonging to the 
cuneiform bones and cuboid. The C. articulation is 
formed by the third cuneiform bone and cuboid, 
furnished with a synovial capsule, and two cuneo- 
cuboid ligaments, dorsal and plantar. 
Cuneo-navicular, ku-ne-o-nav-ik'u-lar. Articula- 
tion between cuneiform and scaphoid bones. 
Cuneo-scaphoid, ku-ne-o-skaf'oid. Belonging to 
the cuneiform bones and scaphoid. C*. articulation is 
formed by the posterior surfaces of the three cunei- 
form bones and the anterior surface of the scaphoid. 
It is furnished with a synovial capsule and ligaments, 
dorsal and plantar. 
Cuneus, ku'ne-us. Cuneate lobule on surface of 
occipital lobe of brain. C. cine'reus, ala cinerea. 
Cunic'ular or Cunlc'ulate. Having a furrow or 
sulcus. 
Cuniculi, ku-nik'u-le. Semicircular canals of the ear. 
Cuniculus, ku-nik'u-lus (rabbit, hence burrowing). 
Sulcus, groove. C. scabise'i, groove made by sar- 
coptes scabiaei in itch. 
Cunila, ku-ne'lah. Satureia capitata. C. bu'bula, 
origanum. C. maria'na, Dittany, American or Moun- 
tain dittany, Mint-leaved or Maryland cunilia, Stone- 
mint, Wild basil, Sweet horsemint; small indigenous 
herb, growing from N. England to Georgia. Its med- 
ical properties are dependent upon essential oils, like 
the mints. C., Ma'ryland, Cunila mariana. C., mint'- 
leaved, C. mariana. C. mus'cula, Inula dysenterica. 
C. pulegioi'des, Hedeoma pulegioides. C. sati'va, 
Satureia hortensis. 
Cunilago, ku-ne-lah'go. Inula dysenterica; I. 
pulicaria. 
Cunnus, kun'nus (fcwo, to conceive). Vulva. 
Cup (Sax. copp). Small vessel for receiving the 
blood during venesection, usually containing about 
four ounces; see Cupping. C., bit'ter, cup for drink- 
ing, made of quassia-wood. C., dry, cupping-glass to 
bring blood to surface without scarification ; see Cup- 
ping. C., glauco'matous, see Optic papilla. C., oc'- 
ular or op'tic, secondary optic vesicle in embryonic 
life. C. plant, Silphium perfoliatum. C., wet, see 
Cucurbita cruenta and Cupping. 
Cupai'ba. Copaiba. 
Cupa'nia. Loblolly-wood, of Jamaica. C. Amer- 
ica'na or tomentozsa, Antille chestnut; fruit and 
leaves are astringent, and employed in catarrh; seeds 
in dysentery and haemoptysis. 
Cuparo'sa. Iron sulphate; gutta rosacea. 
Cuphea antisyphilitica, ku'fe-ah ant-e-sif-il-it'- 
ik-ah. Plant of Central and S. America, used in 
syphilis. 
Cupho'sis. Kyphosis. 
Cupid'itas. Will or desire. C. deseden'di, desire 
to go to stool. 
Cupido, ku-pe'do (desire). Appetite; also, Cupid, 
the god of love, deus copulationis. 
Cu'pola (I.). Dome; vaulted roof of apex of cul-de- 
sac of cochlea ; see Infundibulum of the cochlea. Top 
expanded part of a solitary gland in the small in- 
testines. 
Cupped. Subjected to application of a cup. See 
Corium phlogisticum. C. disk, see Disk. CUPPING 
Cup'ping (couper, to cut, or to draw blood in cups). 
Species of bloodletting, performed by a scarificator 
and glass called a cupping-glass. After scarification, 
the cupping-glass, previously exhausted by heat or 
by an exhausting syringe, is applied; pressure of the 
air within the glass being thus diminished, the neces- 
sary quantity of blood may be drawn. See Bdell- 
ometer. Dry cupping is the application of the glasses 
or dry cups, without previous scarification. Cupping, 
without any epithet, means the abstraction of blood 
by means of the scarificator and cups, wet cupping, 
wet cups, or cut cups. To cup signifies to draw blood 
by cupping. C. glass, see Cupping. 
Cuprea (ku'pre-ah) bark. Bark of two varieties 
of remijia, yielding a small percentage of quinine. 
Cupreine, ku'pre-een. Name given to homoqui- 
nine, because obtained from cuprea bark. 
Cupreol, ku'pre-ol. Cholesteroid substance ob- 
tained from Cinchona calisaya; C20II34O. 
Cu'preous (cuprum, copper). Relating to, consist- 
ing of, or resembling copper. 
Cupress, ku'press. Cypress. 
Cupressus, ku-pres'sus. C. sempervirens. C. ar'- 
bor vi'tae, Thuya occidentalis. C. dist'icha, Taxo- 
dium distichum. C. glau'ca or lusitan'ica, E. Indian 
plant, cones of which are stomachic; powder is tonic 
and antipyretic. C. pyramida'lis or sempervi'rens, 
systematic name of cupressus or cyparissus ; cypress; 
berries, leaves, and wood are astringent and diapho- 
retic, and used in intermittents. The whole plant 
abounds with bitter, aromatic terebinthinate fluid; the 
cones and oil yielded by them are used in febrile con- 
ditions, hemorrhage, etc. C. thu'ja, Thuja orientalis. 
C. thyoi'des, white cedar; indigenous. Infusion of 
the tops is stomachic, and, when taken warm, diapho- 
retic. 
Cupri acetas, ku'pre as-e'tas. Cu(C2H3O2)2,H2O 
(Ph. U. S.). Acetate of copper; C. subacetas. C. 
et ammo'nii sul'phas, cuprum ammoniatum. C. 
ammo'nio-sul'phas, cuprum ammoniatum. C. ar'- 
senis, arsenite of copper. C. diace'tas, C. subacetas. C. 
limatu'ra, filings of copper; have been used in hydro- 
phobia, but are inert. C. ni'tras, nitrate of copper; 
has been employed as a caustic. C. ox'idum, black 
oxide of copper; prepared by heating the nitrate to 
redness, and employed in the form of ointment in 
frictions for the treatment of chronic glandular in- 
duration. C. rubi'go (rust of copper), cupri sub- 
acetas. C. subace'tas or diace'tas, Verdigris, Crys- 
tals of Venus; subacetate of copper; impure subace- 
tate of copper; tonic, emetic, escharotic, and deter- 
gent, but scarcely ever employed internally; chiefly 
used in detergent ointments. An ointment of one 
drachm of finely-powdered verdigris, with an ounce of 
lard or spermaceti ointment, is used in psoriasis, tetter, 
etc. C. sul'phas (Ph. U. S. and Br.), CuSOqblGO; 
sulphate of copper, Cupric sulphate, Blue stone, Blue 
vitriol, Blue copperas, Roman vitriol; it is tonic, emetic, 
astringent, and escharotic. As a tonic it has been 
used in epilepsy, intermittents, etc.; dose as a tonic, 
gr. J to gr. ij in pill; as an emetic, gr. ij to x in 
water. A very weak solution is sometimes used in 
ophthalmia and in gleet. C. sul'phas ammoniaca'- 
lis, cuprum ammoniatum. C. vitri'olum, cupri 
sulphas. 
Cupric, ku'prik. Relating to copper. C. sul'phate, 
cupri sulphas. 
Cu'prum (properly Cyp'rium, being originally from 
Cyprus). Venus of the alchemists; copper. This metal 
has s. g. 8.92 to 8.95; is easily oxidized. In its metal- 
lic state it exerts no action on the system. When 
swallowed it undergoes no deleterious change. Cop- 
per cannot be dissolved while tin is in the mixture, 
and hence the utility of tinning copper vessels. Cop- 
per culinary vessels are harmless under ordinary 
cleanliness, provided the substances be not suffered 
to remain in them till cold. Salts of copper are very 
deleterious. Cuprum is the technical name of copper 
wire. C. ace'ticum, copper acetate. C. alumina'tum, 
aluminated copper; lapis divinus. C. ammonia'tum, 
ammoniaca'le, ammoni'acum, or ammoni'aco-sul- 
295 
CURATOR 
phu'ricum, ammoniated copper, ammoniacal sulphate 
of copper, ammonio-sulphate oG copper. Crystalline 
powder of a rich violet color and hot, styptic taste. 
By exposure to air it becomes partly converted into 
carbonate of copper. It is tonic and astringent, and 
has been chiefly employed in epilepsy and other obsti- 
nate spasmodic diseases. Dose, gr. J, increased to gr. 
iv, in pill. C. bichlora'tum or chlora'tum, copper 
chloride. C. carbon'icum, copper carbonate. C. 
muriat'icum, C. bichloratum. C. olea'tum, copper 
oleate; see Oleates. C. oxyda'tum, copper oxide. C. 
sulphu'ricum or vitriola'tum, cupri sulphas. 
Cu'pula. Cupola. C. ampul'lse or termina'lis, 
generally called membrana tectoria, embryonic mem- 
branous formation in ampullae of ear. 
Cupular, ku'pu-lar (cupula, dim. of Cupa, vat). Of 
or belonging to a cup or cupule; cup-shaped. C. 
cau'tery, an iron in the shape of a cupule, used to 
cauterize the skin of the cranium in certain diseases, 
as epilepsy, chronic headache, etc. 
Cu'ra (care). Attention to, or treatment or cure of, 
a disease; purification, as in curing lard; operation 
of shaving the head. C. avena'cea (oat cure), decoc- 
tion of oats and succory root in which a little nitre 
and sugar are dissolved; used as- a refrigerant. C. 
derivati'va, derivation. C. fa'nis, hunger cure. C. 
fumigato'ria, art of employing perfumes in medicine. 
C. mag'na (great cure), term employed for a method 
of treatment preferable to all others, as ptyalism for 
syphilis formerly. C. Medea'na (after Dr. Mead), 
transfusion. C. palliati'va, see Palliative. C. radica'- 
lis, see Palliative. C. revulso'ria, see Derivation. 
Curable, ku'ra-b'l. Medicable, sanable. That which 
is susceptible of cure; epithet applied to both patients 
and diseases. 
ku-rah-so'ah. Cordial whose ingredients 
are orange-peel, brandy, water, and sugar, with a little 
coloring matter. 
Curan'ga. Species of Scrophularinese of E. Indies 
and Moluccas; bitter, and employed in constipation, 
worms, and intermittent fevers. 
Cura're ot Cura'ra. Very energetic vegetable poi- 
son, employed by the American Indians to poison 
their arrows, and obtained from various plants, as 
cocculus, arum, strychnos, etc., also from species of 
convolvulus, called vejuco de mavacure, but referred 
by Martius to Strychnos Guianensis, and by Dr. 
Schomburg to S. toxicaria or toxifera. The juice of 
Echites suberecta, another apocynaceous plant, is said 
to enter into its composition. The poison acts directly 
on the heart, probably through the ganglia in its tis- 
sue. Curare is a sedative narcotic, and must be pre- 
scribed endermically or hypodermically on account 
of its tardy absorption, or perhaps non-absorption, by 
the stomach. It is Used to calm the spasms in hydro- 
phobia, tetanus, etc. 
Curaria (ku-rah're-ah), Curarina (ku-rah-re'nah), 
or Curarine, ku-rah'reen. Alkaloid, active principle 
of curare, C10H15N; crystallized, soluble, and at least 
twenty times the strength of curare. 
Curarism, ku-rah'rism. Condition of subjection to 
influence of curare or its alkaloid. 
Curariza'tion. Process of producing curarism. 
Curatella (ku-rat-el'lah) America'na. Leaves of 
this species, growing in Guiana, are used locally, ap- 
plied to sores; inner bark is astringent. C. camba- 
iba, Brazilian shrub; astringent; decoction is used 
as a wash for wounds. 
Curatio, ku-rah'she-o. Curation; treatment. Ag- 
gregate of means employed for the cure of disease, 
wounds, etc.; see Therapeutics. C. contrario'rum 
per contra'ria, allopathy. C. cu'ra, cure. C. per 
ine'diam, cure by fasting. 
Curation, ku-ra'shun. Treatment; see Curatio. 
Curative, ku'ra-tiv. Sanative, sanatory, healing; 
relating to or tending to the cure of a disease. 
Curator, ku-ra'tor (cura, care). One whose duty it 
is to take care of anything, as a museum or collection 
of valuable materials or papers. C. infirmo'rum (care- 
taker of the sick), one employed in hospital or in- 
firmary to take care of the sick. CURATORIA 
Curato'ria, Cura'trix. Female curator. Thera- 
peutics. 
Curcas, kur'kas. Jatropha. C. In'dica, Jatropha 
curcas. C. multif'idus, see Jatropha curcas, J. multif- 
ida. C. pur'gans, Jatropha curcas. 
Curculigo orchioides, kur-ku'lig-o ork-e-o-e'des. 
Species of amaryllidaceous herb of Japan, E. Indies, 
and Eastern hemisphere generally; bitter roots are 
tonic, and employed also in gonorrhoea. C. uncifo'lia, 
root of E. Indian herb, used as demulcent, tonic, and 
diuretic in asthma, piles, diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, etc. 
Curculio, kur-ku'le-o (a mite). Penis. 
Cur'cum. Curcuma longa. 
Cur'cuma angustifo'lia. See Arrow root. Curcuma 
longa. C. aromat'ica, Ksempferia rotunda. C. lon'ga, 
turmeric root-the rhizome of Curcuma longa. Cur- 
cuma is brought from the East Indies; but is pos- 
sessed of little medicinal efficacy; it is an ingredient 
in curry powder. C. zedoa'ria, see Ksempferia rotunda. 
C. zerum'bet, see Ksempferia rotunda. 
Curcumin, kur'ku-min. CuHnOi. Yellow coloring 
matter of turmeric. 
Cur cumol, kur'ku-mol. CioHuO. Volatile oil from 
distillation of turmeric. 
Curd. Curd of milk; coagulated or curdled part 
of milk. C., al'um, coagulum alumiuosum. C., 
soap, sapo animalis. 
Cure (cur a, care). Course of treatment; restora- 
tion to health; remedy ; restorative. C., air, pneu- 
matic treatment. C., Bant'ing, Bantiugism. C., 
grape, see Grape. C., movement, kinesipathy. C., 
pota'to, treatment in cases where foreign body has 
been swallowed, the patient being stuffed with pota- 
toes, which surround it, so that it becomes coated 
and escapes from the bowels without injury to them. 
C., Swedish movement, kinesipathy. C. by sym- 
pathy, see Sympathy. C., water, hydrotherapy, hydro- 
sudotherapeia. C., whey, see Whey. 
Cure'all. Geum Virginianum, CEnothera biennis. 
A panacea. 
Curet'tage. Curetting. 
Curette (F. curer, to cleanse). Scoop; instrument 
for removal of foreign bodies, secretions, local growths, 
etc. from surface or canals by scraping, as for the 
uterus. C., ves'ical, lithotomy scoop. 
Curet'ting. Operation of using curette for scraping 
a surface or canal; curettage. 
Cu'rine. Weak base derived from curare. 
Curl. Fimbriated extremity of Fallopian tube in 
animals. 
Curnberry (kurn'ber-re) or Cur'ranberry. See 
Vitis Corinthiaca. 
Cur'rant, black. Eibes nigrum. C., red, Eibes 
rubrum. 
Cur'rants. See Vitis Corinthiaca. 
Cur'rent (curro, to run). Flow, as of electric fluid. 
C., contin'uous, constant, uninterrupted current. C., 
demarca'tion, see Demarcation. C., galvan'ic, cur- 
rent developed by a galvanic battery. C. reg'ulator, 
rheostat. 
Currier's su'mach. Cosiaria myrtifolia. 
Cur'ry (or Cur'rie) pow'der. Condiment formed of 
various spices, as coriander seed, black pepper, 
cayenne pepper, ginger, caraway, curcuma root, 
curnin seed, fenugreek, etc., and eaten with rice, 
particularly in India. 
Curschmann's (koorsch'mon's) spi'rals. Small 
grayish rounded bodies in the sputa of asthma, made 
up of fine spirals of mucus, which have received their 
shape in the delicate bronchioles. 
Cursuma hsemorrhoidalis herba, kur-su'mah hem- 
or-rho-id-al'is er'bah. Eanunculus ficaria. 
Cursus, kur'sus (curro, cursum, to run). Eunning 
flow. C. mat'riels, leucorrhcea. C. men'struus, 
menses. C. uri'nae, flow of urine. 
Cursu'ta. Gentiana purpurea. 
Curt'ate. See Expectation of life. 
Cur'tum. Coloboma. 
Curuba, ku-ru'bah. Chronic, painless form of 
psoriasis affecting the hands and feet of the Indians 
of Brazil. 
296 
CUSPIS 
Curupa. Herb of S. America, having, when 
powdered, the exhilarating qualities of hasheesh. 
Curvamen, kurv-am'en (curvo, to bend). Curva- 
ture, as of the spine. 
Curvatio, kur-vah'she-o. Bending or curving. 
Curvator coccygis, kurv-at'or kok-se'jis. Oc- 
casional small bundle of fleshy fibres descending on 
the middle of the coccyx, uniting on each side with 
the ischio-coccygei muscles. Fasciculus of levator 
ani muscle ; fasciculus of coccygeus muscle. 
Curvatu'ra. Curvature. C. prostat'ica, curva- 
ture forward of inferior portion of rectum. C. 
sacra'lis, sacral curvature of rectum. C. sigmoi'dea, 
sigmoid flexure of colon; curve of internal carotid 
artery in its passage through the carotid canal. C. 
un/guium, see Onychogryphosis. 
Cur'vature. Approximation of a line or surface 
more or less to the form of an arc; as the curvature 
of the spine, duodenum, stomach, etc. Accidental 
curvatures of bones are the effect of rickets or mol- 
lifies ossium. C. ametro'pia, A. caused by changes 
in the curvature of ocular refractive media. C., 
Pott's, angular curvature of spine ; vertebral disease. 
C. of spine, abnormal deviation of spinal column. 
Curve, aor'tic. Arch of aorta. C. of Ca'rus, 
imaginary curved line representing axis of pelvis; 
see Pelvis. C., caud'al, caudal flexure of embryo. 
C., cephal'ic, cephalic flexure of embryo. C., skull, 
cephalic flexure. 
Curved lines. Two crooked lines or projections 
on the posterior surface of the occipital bone; some 
lines on the os ilium are also so called. 
Curvimer, kur'vim-er (curvus, bent). Cucumis 
sativus. 
Cuscamine, kus'kam-een. Crystalline substance 
in Cinchona succirubra. 
Cus'co bark. Variety of Cinchona pubescens, 
variety Pelletieriana. 
Cuscocinch'onine. Cusconine; aricine. 
Cusconidine, kus-kon'id-een. Amorphous alkaloid 
in Cusco bark. 
Cusconine, kus'ko-neen. C23H26N2O4-I-2H2O. Alka- 
loid from Cusco and cuprea barks. 
Cuszcus. Andropogon muricatus. 
Cuscuta (kus-ku'tah) America'na. Species of Con- 
volvulaceee; diuretic, laxative, cholagogue; C. 
Europaea. C. chlorocar'pa, see C. glomerata. C. 
epith'ymum, systematic name of the dodder of thyme, 
ord. Convolvulacese; parasitical plant possessed of 
a strong, disagreeable smell and durable, pungent 
taste; once used as laxative in diseases of the liver, 
cathartic in melancholia. C. Europse'a possesses 
similar properties. C. filifor'mis, C. Europaea. C. 
glomera'ta, dodder, American dodder, indigenous 
plants, are bitterish, subastringent, tonic, and anti- 
periodic. C. ma'jor, C. Europaea. C. mi'nor, C. 
epithymum. C. nimia'ta, juice of this species is 
astringent and styptic. C. reflex'a grows in E. In- 
dies ; used in skin diseases, disorders of liver, etc. C. 
tetran'dra, C. Europaea. C. umbella'ta, species of S. 
America ; used for sore throat, hoarseness, etc. 
Cushia, kush'e-ah. Heracleum spondylium. 
Cush'ion. A small soft bed of fatty or other tissue. 
C. of epiglot'tis, tubercle of epiglottis. 
Cusp, pointed prominence, as crown of a tooth; 
part of a valve of the heart. 
Cusparia (kus-par'e-ah) bark. See C. febrifuga. 
C. bark, false, Brucea antidysenterica and Strychnos 
nux vomica. C. febrif'uga, ord. Rutaceie, S. Amer- 
ican tree which furnishes cusparia or angustura bark. 
Angustura bark is also derived from Galipea officina- 
lis. Cusparia! cortex (Ph. U. S.) is the dried bark of 
Galipea cusparia. It yields its virtues to water and to 
proof spirit. It is tonic, stimulant, aromatic, and in 
large doses cathartic. Dose, gr. v to xx or more, in 
powder. C. trifolia'ta, C. febrifuga. 
Cus'parin. Crystalline principle from cusparia bark. 
Cus'pidate (cuspis, a point). Having sharp points, 
as canine teeth. 
Cuspis (spear, point, or cusp). Glans penis; also a 
kind of bandage. cusso 
Cus'so. Hagenia Abyssinica; brayera. 
Cus'tard ap'ple. Edible fruit of Anona reticulata. 
Custodia virginitatis, kus-to'de-ah vir-jin-it-at'is 
(guard of virginity). Hymen. 
Cus'tos (guardian). Vulva. C. cer'ebri, dura 
mater. C. membra'nae or menin'gis, instrument for 
guarding the dura mater from injury in operations 
on the skull. 
Cut. Common expression for the division or solu- 
tion of continuity made by a sharp instrument; in- 
cised wound. 
Cutambulus, ku-tam'bu-lus (cutis, skin, arnbulo, to 
walk). " Walking in or on the skin." Epithet given 
to certain parasitical animals which creep under the 
skin, and to certain pains or sensations felt between 
the skin and flesh, as it were, in scurvy and other 
diseases. 
Cuta'neal (cutis, skin). Cutaneous. 
Cutaneo-phalangeal, ku-ta-ne-o-fal-an-ge'al. Ee- 
lating to skin and fingers, as ligaments from the sides 
of the phalanges. 
Cutaneous, ku-ta'ne-us (cutis, skin). Cutaneal; 
belonging to the skin. C. cal'culus, pearly white 
tumor in the skin-milium-infiltrated with calcare- 
ous matter. C. diseases, diseases of the skin; erup- 
tions. Affections of a morbid character to which the 
skin is liable-dermatopathise, dermatoses. It is dif- 
ficult to classify them systematically; the following 
is sufficiently satisfactory, being the classification 
adopted by the American Dermatological Association : 
297 
CUTIFICATION 
2. Of hair. 
Alopecia. 
Alopecia furfuracea. 
Alopecia areata. 
Atrophia pilorum pro- 
pria. 
Trichorexis nodosa. 
3. Of nail. 
Atrophia unguis. 
4. Of cutis. 
Atrophia senilis. 
Atrophia maculosa et 
striata. 
Class VI. New Growths. 
1. Of connective tissue. 
Keloid. 
Cicatrix. 
Fibroma. 
Neuroma. 
Xanthoma. 
2. Of muscular tissue. 
Myoma. 
3. Of vessels. 
Angioma. 
Angioma pigmentosum et 
atrophicum. 
Angioma cavernosum. 
Lymphangioma. 
4. Rhino-scleroma. 
Lupus erythematosus. 
Lupus vulgaris. 
Scrofuloderma. 
Syphiloderma: 
ery them atosum. 
papulosum. 
pustulosum. 
tuberculosum. 
gummatosum. 
Lepra: 
tuberosa. 
maculosa, 
aneesthetica. 
Carcinoma. 
Sarcoma. 
Class VII. Neuroses. 
Hyperaesthesia: 
pruritus, 
dermatalgia. 
Anaesthesia. 
Class VIII. Parasitic Af- 
fections. 
1. Vegetable. 
Tinea favosa. 
Tinea trichophytina: 
circinata. 
tonsurans, 
sycosis. 
Tinea versicolor. 
2. Animal. 
Scabies. 
Pediculosis capillitii. 
Pediculosis corporis. 
Pediculosis pubis. 
Classification of Cutaneous Diseases. 
Class I. Disorders of the 
Glands. 
1. Of the sweat-glands. 
Hyperidrosis. 
Sudamen. 
Anidrosis. 
Bromidrosis. 
Chromidrosis. 
Uridrosis. 
2. Of the sebaceous glands. 
Seborrhcea: 
oleosa. 
sicca. 
Comedo. 
Cyst: 
milium, 
steatoma. 
Asteatosis. 
Class II. Inflammations. 
Exanthemata. 
Erythema simplex. 
Erythema multiforme: 
papulosum. 
bullosum. 
nodosum. 
Urticaria, 
pigmentosa. 
Dermatitis (indicating af- 
fections of- this class 
not properly included 
under other titles): 
traumatica. 
venenata, 
calorica. 
medicamentosa, 
gangrenosa. 
Erysipelas. 
Furunculus. 
Anthrax. 
Phlegmona diffusa. 
Pustula maligna. 
Herpes simplex. 
Herpes zoster. 
Dermatitis herpetiformis. 
Psoriasis. 
Pityriasis maeulata et 
circinata. 
Dermatitis exfoliativa. 
Pityriasis rubra. 
Lichen: 
planus, 
ruber. 
Eczema: 
erythematosum. 
papulosum. 
vesiculosum. 
Eczema: 
madidans. 
pustulosum. 
rubrum. 
squamosum. 
Prurigo. 
Acne. 
Acne rosacea. 
Sycosis. 
Impetigo. 
Impetigo contagiosa 
Impetigo herpetiformis. 
Ecthyma. 
Pemphigus. 
Class III. Hemorrhages. 
Purpura: 
simplex, 
hemorrhagica. 
Class IV. Hypertrophies. 
1. Of pigment. 
Lentigo. 
Chloasma. 
2. Of epidermal and papil- 
lary layers. 
Keratosis: 
pilaris, 
senilis. 
Molluscum epitheliale. 
Callositas. 
Clavus. 
Cornu cutaneum. 
Verruca. 
Verruca necrogenica. 
Naevus pigmentosus. 
Xerosis. 
Ichthyosis. 
Onychauxis. 
Hypertrichosis. 
3. Of connective tissue. 
Sclerema neonatorum. 
Scleroderma. 
Morphcea. 
Elephantiasis. 
Rosacea: 
erythematosa, 
hypertrophica. 
Framboesia. 
Class V. Atrophies. 
1. Of pigment. 
Leucoderma. 
Albinismus. 
Vitiligo. 
Canities. 
Cuta'neous inflamma'tion. Dermatitis. C. nerve, 
mid'dle posterior, see Sciatic nerve, lesser. C. nerves, 
cutaneal nerves, so called, of the upper extremity, two 
in number, are given oil- from the brachial plexus. 
The internal cutaneous descends along the inner part 
of the arm, and divides above the elbow into two 
branches; the outermost of which follows the outer 
edge of the biceps, and spreads over the anterior and 
inner part of the forearm; the innermost accompanies 
the basilic vein, passing to the corresponding side of 
the hand and little finger. The external cutaneous 
passes outward, perforates the coraco-brachialis, de- 
scends along the anterior and outer part of the arm, 
passes as far as the middle fold of the elbow under 
the median cephalic, and descends along the anterior 
and outer edge of the forearm. At some distance 
above the wrist it divides into two branches, distrib- 
uted to the hand and fingers. 
Cutaneous nerves, middle cutaneous, two in num- 
ber, are branches of the crural or femoral nerve; 
they are distributed to the integument of the middle 
and lower part of the thigh and of the knee. Lesser 
internal cutaneous nerve, nerve of Wrisberg, takes 
its origin from the axillary plexus, but is more par- 
ticularly connected with the ulnar nerve. It soon 
separates from the ulnar, running afterward between 
it and the inner side of the arm. Below the axilla it 
divides into two branches, distributed to the arm. 
The cephalic and basilic veins have also been called 
radial and cubital cutaneous. C. re'flex, see Reflex. 
C. respiration, passage of gases through the skin by 
transpiration. 
Cuticle, ku'tik'l (dim. of Cutis). This membrane 
covers the whole surface of the body. Scarf-skin; 
epidermis. See Cutis. C. of the enam'el, see Enamel. 
C., liq'uid, collodion. 
Cuticula, ku - tik' u - lab. Cuticle, epidermis. C. 
den'tis, Nasmyth's membrane; thin membrane which 
peels off the surface of the enamel of an unworn 
tooth, said by Tomes to be coronal cement, the ho- 
mologue of a similar thick cement of herbivorous ani- 
mals. C. pi'll, hair-cuticle. 
Cutic'ular. Relating to the cuticle. C. mem'- 
brane, cuticula dentis. 
Cuticulum, ku-tik'u-lum. Cuticula. C. cer'ebri, 
dura mater; layer of epithelial cells under the pia 
mater on the surface of the cerebrum and cerebellum. 
Cutification (cutis, skin, fio, to become). Forma- 
tion of skin, as in healing of ulcers or wounds. CUTIO 
Cutio, ku'te-o. Oniscus, asellus. 
Cutipunc'tor (cutis, skin, punctum, point). Instru- 
ment for puncturation of the skin, as in naevus. 
Cutis, ku'tis. Skin. Dense, resisting membrane, 
of flexible and extensible nature, forming the general 
envelope of the body, and continuous with the mu- 
cous membranes through the different natural aper- 
tures. It is generally considered to be formed of 
three distinct layers-the epidermis, rete mucosum, 
or more properly corpus mucosum, and corium (cutis 
yer a, derma). Some anatomists, however, separate it 
into several others. Its outer surface is covered by a 
number of small eminences, called papillae, papillae 
cutis or tactus, which are generally regarded as es- 
sentially nervous and vascular. The skin is a medium 
of communication with external bodies. It protects 
the subjacent parts, is the seat of touch, and through 
it are exhaled the watery parts of the blood not 
needed in the nutrition of the body. Its color varies 
according to the age, sex, race, etc. As a rule, the 
skin is finer in the female and child than in the male 
and adult. In old age it becomes light-colored, thin, 
and dry. The following measurements have been 
made of the skin and its component parts, especially 
as regards the thickness of the skin (Krause): 
Subcutaneous connective tissue free from fat: Mm. 
298 
CYATHEA ARBOREA 
Cut'leaf. Fucus vesiculosus; F. serratus ; Lami- 
naria digitata. 
Cut-off mus'cle. Compressor urethra;. 
Cut'ting on the gripe. See Lithotomy. 
Cut'tlefish. Sepia. 
Cuttubuth, kut'tu-buth. Species of melancholy- 
accompanied with agitation and inability to remain 
tranquil. 
Cut'weed. Fucus vesiculosus. 
Cu'vier (French comparative anatomist), an'gle of. 
Facial angle. C., ducts of, two canals in fcetal life 
opening laterally into the sinus venosus, formed by 
the union of the anterior and posterior cardinal veins. 
Cy'amos or Cyamus, se'am-us. Asellus; nipple. 
Cyanas'mia. Deficient oxidation of the blood, as 
in cyanosis. 
Cyansemocro'sis (kuanos, blue, haima, blood, chrosis, 
coloring). Cyanosis. 
Cyanephidrosis (se-an-ef-id-ro'sis) or Cyanhldrosis, 
se-an-hid-ro'sis (kuanos, blue, ephidrosis, perspiration). 
Blue condition of the perspiration, staining the linen 
blue. 
Cyanetum, se-an-a'tum. Cyanide. 
Cyanhy'dric ac'id. Hydrocyanic acid. 
Cyanhydrosis, se-an-hid-ro'sis (cyano, hidros, sweat). 
Blue sweat, or a light-blue discoloration of the sweat. 
Cyanic, si-an'ik (kuanos, blue). Epithet for the 
blue stage of a malady, as cholera. C. ac'id (HCNO), 
cyanogen hydrate; volatile liquid forming cyanates. 
Cy'anide of mer'cury and zinc. White powder, in- 
soluble in water, and regarded as an antiseptic. 
Cyanidrosis, se-an-id-ro'sis. Cyanephidrosis. 
Cyano, si'an-o (kuanos, blue). In composition, blue. 
Cyanochroia, se-an-o-kroi'ah (kuanos, blue, chroa, 
color). Blue discoloration of the skin; cyanosis. 
Cyanochrous, si-an-ok'ro-us (same etymon). Hav- 
ing blue skin. 
Cyanoder'ma or Cyanodermia, se-an-o-der'me-ah 
(cyano, derma, skin). Cyanopathy; cyanosis. 
Cyanogen, si-an'o-jen (cyano, gennao, to generate). 
So called from being an ingredient in Prussian blue 
or ferric ferrocyanide. It forms, with oxygen, cyanic 
and other acids; with hydrogen, hydrocyanic acid; 
and with mercury, potassium, etc., cyanides of these 
metals. 
Cyanohy'dric ac'id. Hydrocyanic acid. 
Cyanopathy, si-an-op'ath-e (cyano, pathos, affection). 
Blue jaundice. Disease in which the surface of the 
body is colored blue, commonly depending on a di- 
rect communication remaining between the cavities 
of the right and left side of the heart, patency of the 
foramen ovale. Such communication does not, how- 
ever, always occasion the blue disease, but it is gener- 
ally thought that the disease probably never exists 
without some obstacle to the circulation in the right 
side of the heart. A child thus affected is said to be 
cyanosed. 
Cyanosed, si'an-ozed. Affected with cyanosis. 
Cyanosis, si-an-o'sis (blueness). Cyanopathy; liv- 
idity from plethora of the venous system. C. bul'bi, 
violet discoloration of sclerotic coat, seen at birth. C. 
pulmona'lis, see Atelectasis pulmonum. 
Cyanotic, si-an-ot'ik. Belating or appertaining to 
cyanosis. C. indura'tion, chronic passive hypersemia 
of the kidneys. 
Cyanuret, si-an'u-ret. Cyanide. 
Cyanure'tum. Cyanide. 
Cyanurin, si-an'u-rin (kuanos, blue, our on, urine). 
Blue coloring matter in urine, in which indican is 
present. 
Cyanus, se'an-us (kuanos, blue). Centaurea cyanus. 
C. JEgypti'acus, Nymphsea nelumbo. C. seg'etum, 
blue bottle; blue flowers of this European plant, when 
distilled with water, are used in ophthalmia. 
Cyar, se'ar (kuar, small hole). Eye of a needle; 
meatus auditorius internus. 
Cyasma, se-as'mah. Freckled condition in preg- 
nancy. 
Cyathea (small cup) arborea, se-ath-e'ah ar-bor'e-ah. 
Species of arborescent ferns of S. America, root of 
which is demulcent and diuretic. 
On the eyelids 1 
On the superior and inferior part of the ear. J 
0.6 
On the penis 0.7 
Membrane at vault of cranium, at forehead, 
and nose 2 
In general 4-9 
In fat people up to 30 
Thickness of the entire abdominal wall: 
Anteriorly and laterally 15-30 
Posteriorly (median plane) 90-110 
In the lumbar region 60-70 
Corium : 
Of eyelids, prepuce, and internal side of labia 
majora 0.6 
Glans penis 0.3 
Face, eyes, penis, scrotum, areola of nipple . 0.7-1 
Forehead 1.5 
In general, usually 1.7-2 
Back, seat, bottom of foot 2-3 
Papillae of the skin : 
Base and height 0.07 
Large papillse in the volar surface of the 
hand, foot, and sole of foot 0.1-0.2 
Dorsal surface of hand and foot 0.09 
Face, neck, in most of the regions of the 
nates and extremities 0.07-0.05 
Glans penis . 0.06-0.1 
On one mm. (Moleschott) on the volar sur- 
face of the hand there were 80 papillae. 
Epidermis : 
Deep and middle layer 0.03-1 
Outer layer 0.03-2 
Entire thickness of epidermis on most places 
of the body 0.07-0.17 
Anterior side of neck, breast, abdomen, flexor 
side of arm and thigh, areola of nipple, 
prepuce, and glans penis 0.07-0.1 
Volar surface of hand 0.6-1.2 
Sole of foot 0.4-1.8 
Below the sole and at anterior end of meta- 
tarsus, below the heads of metacarpal 
bones 2 
Weight of epidermis (Moleschott) 488.5 grammes. 
C. ae'na or ae'rea, bronzed skin, as in Addison's dis- 
ease ; see Capsule, renal. C. anserl'na, goose-skin; 
horripilation; see Horrida cutis. C. carno'sa, pan- 
niculus carnosus. C. exter'na, ex'tima, or extre'ma, 
epidermis. C. gallina'cea or hor'rida, horrida cutis. 
C. lax'a, dermatolysis; molluscum fibrosum. C. lin- 
guae, see Tongue. C. pen'dula, molluscum fibrosum; 
see Dermatolysis. C. suil'la, huffy coat. C. sum'ma 
or supre'ma, epidermis. C. ten'sa chron'ica, sclero- 
derma ; induration of the cellular tissue. C. testa'- 
cea, ichthyosis sebacea of newborn children; sebor- 
rhcea generalis. C. ul'tima, epidermis. C. unctuo'sa, 
seborrhoea; stearrhcea. C. variega'ta, achroma. C. 
ve'ra, corium ; see Cutis. 
Cutisector, ku-te-sek'tor {cutis, skin, seco, to cut). 
Instrument for removing small pieces of skin for ex- 
amination. 
Cuti'tis {cutis, itis). Dermatitis; cytitis; erysipe- 
latous inflammation. CYATHISCUS 
Cyathiscus, se-ath-is'kus (dim. of Kuathos, a bowl). 
Concave part of a sound, made like a small spoon; 
curette for the ear. 
Cyathus, se'ath-us (a bowl). Measure, both of the 
liquid and dry kind, equal to about an ounce and a 
half; cup for receiving blood in venesection. C. cer'- 
ebri, infundibulum of the brain. 
Cybe, se'be. Head. 
Cybistax antisyphilitica, sib-is'tax an-te-sif-il-it'- 
ik-ah. Brazilian tree, generally called caroba. 
Cybiton, sib'it-on. Cubitus. 
Cyboid, si'boid (kubos, cube, eidos, resemblance). 
Cuboid. 
Cycas circinalis, se'kas sir-sin-al'is. See Sago. C. 
revolu'ta, see Sago. 
Cyclamen Europseum, sik-lam'en u-ro-pe'um (kuk- 
lamis, a circle, from the shape of the leaves). Fresh 
root is acrid, bitter, drastic emmenagogue, and anthel- 
mintic. For external use. See Arthanita. The 
powerful qualities of the root are due to its poisonous 
active principle, cyclamin or arthanitin or arthanita, 
acting like curare. 
Cyclamin, sik-lam'in. C20H31O10. See Cyclamen Eu- 
ropseum. 
Cyc'lamis. Cyclamen. 
Cycle, si'k'l (kuklos, circle). Period or revolution of 
a certain number of years or days; name formerly 
given to aggregate of curative means continued dur- 
ing a certain number of days, nine being the usual 
number; course of diet or exercise. C., hebdom'- 
adal or hep'tal, period of seven days or years 
which, according to some, either in its multiple 
or submultiple, governs many phenomena of animal 
life. 
Cyclencephalia, kik-len-sef-al'e-ah (kuklos, circle, 
kephale, head). Cyclocephalia. 
Cyclencephalous, si-klen-sef'al-us (same etymon). 
Cyclocephalus. 
Cycle'sis (kuklos, circle). Circulation. 
Cyclicotomy, si-klik-ot'om-e (kuklikos, circular, tome, 
incision). Intraocular myotomy; division of ciliary 
body in glaucoma. 
Cycliscus (sik-lis'cus) or Cyclismus, sik-liz'mus. 
Troche, trochiscus; circular rasp or knife used in 
treatment of fracture of the skull. 
Cyclitis, sik-le'tis (kuklos, circle). Inflammation 
of the ciliary circle, neighboring parts of the scle- 
rotica, and ciliary processes. 
Cyclocephalia, sik-lo-sef-al'e-ah (cyclus, kephale, 
head). Kind of monstrosity referred to under Cyclo- 
cephalus. 
Cyclocephaiic, si-klo-sef-al'ik. Having head or 
eyes as described under Cyclocephalus. 
Cyclocephalus, sik-lo-sef' al-us (cyclus, kephale, 
head). Monstrosity in which malformed or imper- 
fectly developed eyes become approximated in the 
middle line or even fused; olfactory organs are ab- 
sent. Term also applied to the shape of the head 
seen in hydrocephalus. 
Cyclochorioiditis, sik-lo-ko-re-o-id-e'tis. Inflamma- 
tion of the ciliary body and choroid. 
Cycloganglion'ic nerves. See Nerves. 
Cyclopanophthalmia, sik - lo - pan - of - thal' me - ah 
(cyclo, pan, ophthalmos, eye). Cyclopic condition, the 
eyeball being absent. 
Cyclophoria, sik-lo-for'e-ah (cyclus, phoreo, to bear). 
Circulation of blood or other fluids. 
Cyclopia, sik-lo'pe-ah (cyclus, ops, eye). State of a 
monster that has both eyes united into one, the orbits 
being fused; called also monopsia and rhinencepha- 
lia. C. genistoi'des, S. African plant, decoction and 
infusion of which are used as expectorants in chronic 
bronchitis and phthisis; the glucoside cyclopin is de- 
rived from it. 
Cyclopleg'ia (kuklos, circle, plege, stroke). Paralysis 
of the ciliary muscle. 
Cyclops, sik'lops (cyclus, ops, eye). Monster having 
but one eye, and that placed in the middle of the 
forehead, as in the fabulous Cyclops. 
Cyclos, sik'los. Circle; cycle. 
Cycloscope, si'klo-skope (cyclus, skopeo, to see). In- 
299 
» CYLLOSIS 
strument for measuring direction-circles of the eye in 
the field of fixation. 
Cyclosis, sik-lo'sis (kuklos, circle). Circulation; 
gyration. 
Cyclotome, si'klo-tome (cyclus, tome, incision). In- 
strument composed of a ring of gold and a cutting 
hlade, by means of which the eyeball can be fixed 
whilst the cornea is cut for the extraction of cataract. 
The operation is called Cyclot'omy. 
Cyclus, sik'lus. Circle. 
Cy'der. Cider. 
Cydo'nia (from Cydon in Crete). Pyrus cydonia. 
C. Chinen'sis, fruit of this Chinese tree is sedative, 
astringent, stomachic. C. Europae'a, Pyrus cydonia. 
C. malifor'mis, Pyrus cydonia. C. vulga'ris, Pyrus 
cydonia. 
Cydonia'tum or Cydonatum, sid-o-nat'um. Com- 
position made of Cydonia mala or quinces with addi- 
tion of spices. 
Cydonium, sid-o'ne-um. See Pyrus cydonia. C. 
ma'lum, see Pyrus cydonia. 
Cyema, se-a'mah (kuema, the foetus). The product 
of conception. See Embryo and Foetus. 
Cyesiocolica, se-es-e-o-kol'ik-ah {kuesis, pregnancy, 
kolike, colicky). Colic in a pregnant woman. 
Cyesiodiarrhoea, se-es-e-o-de-ar-rhe'ah. Diarrhoea 
associated with pregnancy. 
Cyesiognomon, se-es-e-og-no'mon (cyesis, gnomon, 
sign or token). Sign of pregnancy. 
Cyesiognosis, se-es-e-og-no'sis (cyesis, gnosis, know- 
ledge). Diagnosis of pregnancy. 
Cyeslology, sy-es-e-ol'o-je (cyesis, logos, description). 
Doctrine or description of gestation. 
Cyesis, se-a'sis. Conception; fecundation; preg- 
nancy. 
Cy'esteine. Kiesteine. 
Cyetic, si-et'ik. Relating to pregnancy. 
Cy'la or Cylades, sil'ad-ees. Hollows below the 
eyelids; lower eyelids. 
Cylich'ne, Cylich'nis, or Cylichnion, sil-ik'ne-on 
(dim. of Culix, a cup). Pillbox or small cup. 
Cylicotomy, si-lik-ot'om-e (kulix, cup, tome, in- 
cision). Division of the ciliary (cup-shaped) muscle, 
as in glaucoma. 
Cylindarthro'sis. Pivot and hinge-joint articu- 
lation. 
Cylinder. Tube-cast. C., ax'is, axis. C., cor'- 
tical, cell trabecula. C., med'ullary, see Serous 
canaliculi. 
Cylindri, sil-in'dre. See Villous membranes. C. 
membrana'cei re'num, see Calix. 
Cylin'drical lens. Lens having plane surface in 
one axis, and a concave or convex surface in axis at 
right angles to it. 
Cylindrocephalic, sil-in-dro-sef-al'ik (kulindros, cyl- 
inder). Term applied to heads of cylindrical shape; 
the condition is called Cylindroceph' aly. 
Cylin'dro-enchondro'ma. Cylindroma. 
Cylindroid, sil-in'droid (kulindros, cylinder, eidos, 
form). Having the form of a cylinder, as cornu am- 
monis. C. an'eurism, see Aneurism. 
Cylindroma, sil-in-dro'mah. Tumor having the ap- 
pearance of myxoma, contents of which are made up 
of clear cylindrical masses. See Chondroma. 
Cylindrosarcoma, sil-in-dro-sar-ko'mah. Tumor 
composed of cylindroma and sarcoma. 
Cylindrotaenium, sil-in-dro-te'ne-um. Microscopic 
parasitic vegetable growth found in choleraic dis- 
charges, approaching in form the oidium and cylin- 
drium. 
Cylissocelorrhaphia, sil-is-so-sel-or-rhaf'e-ah (fcw- 
lisis, revolution, kele, tumor, rhaphe, seam). Continu- 
ous suture used in hernia. 
Cylloepus (sil - lo'ep - us) or Cyllop'odes (kullos, 
crooked, pous, foot). One who is affected with club- 
foot or bowlegs. See Kyllosis. 
Cyllopo'dion. See Kyllosis. 
Cyllos, sil'los. Having club-foot; bow-legged or 
bandy-legged. 
Cyilosis, sil-lo'sis (kullosis). Lameness, mutilation, 
or vicious conformation; club-foot. See Kyllosis. CYLLOSOMUS 
Cyllosomus, sil-lo-so'mus (kudos, crooked, soma, 
body). Malformation by defect, in which the fissure 
and eventration are lateral, chiefly in the lower part 
of the abdomen, the inferior extremity of the side 
affected with the fissure absent or very little de- 
veloped. See Celosoma. 
Cyllum, sil'lum. Knock-knee; dislocation of leg 
or foot outward. 
Cy'ma. Fcetus in utero. 
Cymatodes, sim-at-o'dees (undulating). Vacillating, 
undulatory character of the pulse in adynamic indi- 
viduals. 
Cymba, sim'bah (kumbos, a cavity). Scaphoid bone; 
vulva; fossa of concha situate above spine of helix. 
Cymbalaria elatine, sim-bal-ar'e-a el-at-e'ne. An- 
tirhinum elatine. C. mura'lis, Antirhinum linaria. 
Cymbalaris, sim - bal - ar'is (kumbalon, cymbal). 
Cricoid. 
Cymbecephalic, sim-be-sef-al'ik (kumbe, canoe, 
kephale, head). Having a boat-shaped skull. 
Cymbiform, sim' be - form (kumbe, canoe, forma, 
shape).* Term applied to scaphoid bone. 
Cymbocephal'ic or Cymbocephalous, sim-bo-sef'- 
al-us (kumbe, canoe, kephale, head). Cymbecephalic, 
the condition being called Cymboceph'aly. 
Cymbopogon schcenanthus, sim-bo-po'gon ske-nan'- 
thus. Juncus odoratus. 
Cyminum, sim-e'num. Cuminum cyminum. 
Cymling. See Cucurbito pepo. 
Cymograph, si'mo-graf (kuma, a wave, grapho, to 
describe). Kymograph. 
Cymop'teris or Cymopterus (sim-op'ter-us) Fend- 
le'ri. New Mexican plant, used as stomachic tonic. 
Cy'na. Artemisia vulgaris. 
Cynagros'tis. Triticum repens. 
Cynanche, sin-an'ke (cyno, ancho, to suffocate). An- 
gina ; sore throat; inflammation of the supradia- 
phragmatic portion of the alimentary canal, and of 
the lining membrane of the upper part of the air- 
passages. C. cellula'ris malig'na gangrseno'sa, 
angina Ludovici. C. contagio'sa, diphtheritic cy- 
nanche. C. dysarthrit'ica, angina arthritica. C. 
epidem'ica, C. maligna. C. exanthemat'ica, angina 
variolosa. C. exter'na, C. parotidsea. C. fau'cium, 
C. tonsillaris. C. gangraeno'sa, C. maligna. C. 
larynge'a, laryngitis. C. malig'na, this affec- 
tion has been described usually as an isomorphous, 
putrid, or ulcerous or ulcerated sore throat, gangren- 
ous or malignant inflammation of the pharynx; 
characterized by crimson redness of the mucous 
membrane of the fauces and tonsils, ulcerations 
covered with mucus; and spreading sloughs, of an 
ash or whitish hue; the accompanying fever, typhus: 
as being often epidemic, and frequently found accom- 
panying scarlet fever, giving rise to scarlatina 
maligna or canker rash. Cynanche maligna is de- 
scribed sometimes as including both diphtheritic and 
gangrenous pharyngitis ; see Pharyngitis, diphtheritic. 
The general treatment is the same as in typhus, and 
stimulant antiseptic gargles must be used, consisting, 
for example, of the decoction of bark and muriatic 
acid, a solution of potassium chlorate, etc. C. max- 
illa'ris, C. parotidaea. C. mercuria'lis, mercurial 
stomatitis. C. oesophage'a, oesophagitis. C. par- 
otidse'a, mumps, parotid bubo; characteristic symp- 
toms are-a painful tumor of the parotid gland or of 
the areolar tissue surrounding it, or of both, not 
suppurative; frequently extending to the maxil- 
lary gland. It is very conspicuous externally, and is 
often accompanied with swelling of the testis or of 
the mammae; the testes being sometimes absorbed 
afterward. It is generally epidemic, and apparently 
contagious. Treatment is very simple; under the anti- 
phlogistic plan it usually soon disappears; inflam- 
mation of the mammae or testes must be treated as if 
idiopathic. Epidemic parotitis or mumps is also 
called parotitis polymorpha, epidemica or specifica. C. 
pharynge'a or pharyngae'a, inflammation of the 
pharynx ; it can hardly be said to differ, in pathology 
or treatment, from cynanche tonsillaris. C. prunel'la, 
C. tonsillaris. C. pur'puro-parotidse'a, C. maligna. 
300 
CYNARA 
C. sim'plex, simple angina; isthmitis. C. strapito'- 
ria or strid'ula, C. trachealis; croup. C. sublingua'- 
lis malig'na, angina Ludovici. C. suffocati'va, croup. 
C. thyreoi'dea, goitre. C. tonsilla'ris, inflammatory 
sore throat, common quinsy; characteristic symptoms 
of this affection are, swelling and florid redness of 
the mucous membrane of the fauces, and especially 
of the tonsils; painful and impeded deglutition, with 
inflammatory fever. It is generally ascribed to cold, 
and is a common affection of cold and temperate 
climates; it usually goes off by resolution, but fre- 
quently ends in suppuration. Common sore throat is 
usually of no consequence, requiring merely rest and 
the observance of the antiphlogistic regimen; wrhen 
more violent-in addition to this-bleeding, local or 
general, or both ; purgatives, inhalation of the steam 
of warm water; acid, or emollient gargles; rube- 
facients externally or sinapisms or blisters. When 
suppuration must inevitably occur, an opening must 
be made into the abscess as soon as pus shall have 
formed. If the patient is likely to be suffocated 
by the tumefaction, bronchotomy may be necessary. 
C. trachea'lis, laryngo-tracheitis with diphtheritic 
exudation, popularly called Croup, Roup, Hives, Bold 
hives, Choak, Stuffing, Rising of the lights; disease 
characterized by sonorous and suffocative breathing, 
harsh voice, cough ringing or like the barking of a 
dog, highly inflammatory fever. It is apt to be 
speedily attended with the formation of a false mem- 
brane, lining the trachea beneath the glottis, and oc- 
casioning violent dyspnoea and suffocation, but being 
sometimes expectorated. Dyspnoea, as in all other 
affections of the air-passages, has evident exacerba- 
tions. The inflammation is infinitely more inflamma- 
tory in some situations than in others; hence the suc- 
cess obtained from different modes of treatment. It 
chiefly affects children, and is apt to recur, but the 
subsequent attacks are usually less severe. It re- 
quires, as a rule, the most active treatment. 
The majority of cases of so-called croup are 
not of this inflammatory cast, but are more of a 
spasmodic character, being called false croup and 
spasmodic or catarrhal croup. They generally yield 
to an emetic and the wrarm bath. See Diphtheria. C. 
trachea'lis spasmod'ica, asthma acutum, A. thymi- 
cum. C. ulcero'sa, C. maligna. 
Cynanchica, sin-an'kik-ah. Medicines used in 
cases of quinsy. 
Cynanchorthopncea, sin-an-kor-thop-ne'ah (cynan- 
che, orthos, upright, pneo, to breathe). Orthopnoea of 
cynanche trachealis or croup. 
Cynanchum, sin-an'kum. Genus of plants, ord. 
Asclepiadaceie, of which several are used in medicine. 
C. ar'gel, C. olesefolium. C. ipecacuan'ha, Tylophora 
asthmatica. C. Monspeli'acum, scammony of Mont- 
pellier ; the plant furnishes a blackish and purgative 
gum-resin. C. olesefo'lium, Egyptian, Nubian, and 
Arabian shrub, the leaves of which form a portion 
of most samples of Alexandrian senna; they resem- 
ble senna in their action. C. tomento'sum, Tylophora 
asthmatica. C. vtncetox'icum, Asclepias vincetoxi- 
cum. C. viridiflo'rum or vomito'rium, Tylophora 
asthmatica. 
Cynanthemis, sin-an'them-is (cyno, anthemis). An- 
themis cotula. 
Cynanthropy, si-nan'thro-pe (cyno, anthropos, man). 
Variety of melancholia in which the patient believes 
himself changed into a dog, and imitates the voice 
and habits of that animal. 
Cynapine, sin'ap-een. Toxic alkaloid from JEthusa 
cynapium; sethusine. 
Cyna'pium. TEthusa cynapium. 
Cynara, sin'ar-ah (kunaros, dog briar). Systematic 
name of artichoke or garden artichoke, C. scolymus 
juice of which is diuretic, and leaves are used in 
arthritic affections and neuralgia; ord. Composite. 
Indigenous in southern parts of Europe; used as an 
agreeable article of diet; juice of the leaves, mixed 
with white wine, has been given in dropsies. C. car- 
dun'culus, prickly artichoke of S. Europe. C. scol'- 
ymus, see Cynara. C. silves'tris, C. cardunculus. CYNIATRIA 
Cyniatri'a (fcwon, dog, iatreia, medical treatment). 
Medical treatment of diseases of the dog. 
Cynic (sin'ik) or Cyn'ical. Relating to or resem- 
bling a dog. C. spasm, convulsive contraction of 
muscles of one side of the face - dragging the eye, 
cheek, mouth, nose, etc., to one side. See Canine. 
Cynips quercus folii, sin'ips kwur'kus fo'le-e. See 
Quercus infectoria. 
Cy'no (fcuoji, dog). In composition, dog. 
Cynocepha'lia or Cynocephalion, si-no-sef-al'e-on 
(fctton, dog, kephale, head). Condition in which the 
head is shaped like that of a dog. 
Cynocephalous, si-no-sef'al-us (same etymon). 
Having a head like that of a dog. 
Cynocoprus, sin-ok'o-prus (cyno, kopros, excrement). 
Album grajcum. 
Cynocrambe, sin-o-kram'be (cyno, kram.be, cabbage). 
Mercurialis perennis; Brassica silvestris. 
Cynoctonon, sin-ok'ton-on (cyno, kteino, to kill). 
Aconitum; mitreola. 
Cynocytisus, sin-o-sit'is-us. Rosa canina. 
Cynodectos, sin-o-dek'tos (cyno, deko, to bite). One 
who has been bitten by a dog. 
Cynodes, sin-o'dees. Cynic. 
Cynodes'ma, Cynodes'me, Cynodesxnion (sin-o-dez'- 
me-on), or Cynodes'mus (cyno, desmos, baud). Fraenum 
penis. Infibulation; ring for infibulation. 
Cynodesmesis, sin-o-des-me'sis (same etymon). In- 
fibulation. 
Cynodon dactylon (sin'o-don dak'til-on) or offici- 
na'le (cyno, odous, tooth). Bermuda grass; indigen- 
ous ; roots have been used as a substitute for sarsa- 
parilla ; diuretic and alterative. 
Cynodontes, sin-o-don'tees. Canine teeth. 
Cynoglos'sum (cyno, glossa, tongue) amplexicau'le. 
C. virginicum. 0. bi'color, hound's tongue; cabal- 
lation; it is aromatic, mucilaginous, and narcotic. 
C. ma'jus or offlcina'lis, common hound's tongue; 
leaves and root are used in coughs and catarrhs 
and aifections of the bowels, and externally as 
an application to burns, ulcers, etc. C. Moriso'ni, 
beggar's lice ; Virginia mouse-ear; dysentery weed ; 
root is tonic, astringent, and mucilaginous. C. offici- 
na'le, hound's tongue, cynoglossum. C. virgin'icum, 
wild comfrey; indigenous; has mucilaginous prop- 
erties. The leaves are smoked, and are said to pro- 
duce effects like those of tobacco. 
Cynol'ophi or Cynolophoi, sin-ol'o-foi (cyno, lophos, 
eminence). Spinous processes of the vertebrae. 
Cynolyssa, sin-o-lis'sah (cyno, lussa, madness). Hy- 
drophobia ; rabies. 
Cynomet'ra agal'locha. Agallochum. C. cauli- 
flo'ra, tree of E. and W. Indies, the root of which is 
cathartic; oil of the fruit is used in skin diseases. C. 
ramifio'ra, E. Indian tree; root is applied externally 
in several skin diseases. 
Cyno'mia or Cynomoi'a. Plantago psyllium. 
Cynomo'rion or Cynomo'rium coccineum, sin-o- 
mo're-um kok-sin'e-um (cyno, morion, penis). Im- 
properly called Fungus Melitensis, or scarlet fungus 
of Malta, as it is not a fungus. The powder is astrin- 
gent in hemorrhage, dysentery, etc. 
Cynopho'bia (cyno, phobos, fear). Fright at being 
bitten, not hydrophobia. 
Cynorexia, sin-o-reks'e-ah (cyno, orexis, appetite). 
Boulimia; voracious appetite. 
Cynor'rhodon (cyno, rhodon, arose). Rosa canina; 
hips. 
Cynos'batos (cyno, batos, bramble). Rosa canina. 
Cynosor'chis (cyno, orchis, testicle). Orchis mas- 
cula. 
Cynospasmus, sin-o-spaz'mus (cyno, spasmos, spasm). 
Cynical spasm. See Cynic or Cynical. 
Cynospas'tum (cyno, spao, to draw). Rosa canina. 
Cy'on. Fraenum of prepuce ; penis. 
Cyonorrhaphia, si - on - or - rhaf' e - ah. Staphylor- 
rhaphy. 
Cyophoria, se - o - for' e - ah (kuos, foetus, phero, to 
carry). Pregnancy. 
Cy'opic (kuanos, blue, puon, pus). Coloring matter 
of blue pus. 
CYRTOPISTHOCRAN I US 
Cyoto'cia (kuos, ovum, tokao, to bring forth). Par- 
turition. 
Cyotrophy, si-ot'ro-fe (kuos, foetus, trepho, to nour- 
ish). Embryotrophy; nutrition of the embryo; foetal 
nutrition. 
Cyparissus, sip-ar-is'sus (kuparissos). Cupressus 
sempervirens. 
Cyperus antiquorum, sip-a'rus an-tik-wo'rum. 
Lawsonia inermis. C. articula'tus, jointed sedge of 
W. Indies and S. America; anthelmintic. C. canes'- 
cens, plant of E. Indies; leaves are used for colic and 
amenorrhoea. C. distach'yos, plant of E. Indies; 
root is diuretic and diaphoretic. C. In'dicus, Curcu- 
ma longa. C. lon'gus possesses aromatic and bitter 
properties; emmenagogue and stomachic tonic; see 
Dorstenia contrayerva. C. odo'rus or Perua'nus, Dor- 
stenia contrayerva. C. roman'us, C. longus. C. ro- 
tun'dus, Syri'acus, or tetras'tachys, round cyperus, 
a more grateful aromatic bitter than C. longus; tonic, 
stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic. 
Cyphel, sif'el. Sempervivum tectorum. 
Cyphoid, si'foid. Hump-like. 
Cyphoma, sif-o'mah (kuphos, gibbous). Gibbosity 
of the spine; humpback. See Cyphoma, Gibbositas, 
and Vertebral disease. Used synonymously with cyph- 
oma, it includes cretinism and rickets. 
Cyphorthosis, sif-or-tho'sis (kuphos, gibbous, orthos, 
right). Orthopaedics. 
Cyphos, se'fos. Cyphoma. 
Cyphoscoliosis, sif-o-skol-e-o'sis (kuphos, gibbous, 
skolios, crooked). Cyphoma; gibbosity. 
Cyphosis, sif-o'sis. Spinal deformity. Cyphoma. 
See Hump, Lordosis, and Scoliosis. 
Cyphotic, si-fot'ik. Eelating to cyphosis, or one so 
affected. 
Cypress, si'press. Cupressus sempervirens, Taxo- 
dium distichum. C., Amer'ican, Schubertia disticha. 
C., bald, Taxodium distichum. C. tree, liriodendron. 
Cypripedium acaule, sip-re-pe'de-um ak-aw'lc 
(kupris, Venus, podion, sock or buskin or slipper). 
Stemless ladies' slipper, Moccasin flower, Noah's ark. In- 
digenous; roots are used by steam-doctors in nervous 
diseases, like valerian; narcotic. C. calce'olus, C. 
luteum, C. spectabile. C. Canaden/se, C. spectabile. 
C. flaves'cens, C. luteum. C. hu'mile, C. acaule. C. 
lu'teum, Yellow ladies' slipper, Moccasin flower, Moccasin 
plant, Yellows, Bleeding heart, American valerian, Yellow 
umbil, Male mervine, Noah's ark. Indigenous plant, 
found all over the United States; the rhizome and 
rootlets of C. pubescens and C. parviflorum are offici- 
nal (Ph. U. S.) under name Cypripedium ; are antispas- 
modic, and used in the same cases as valerian. C. 
parviflo'rum, C. pubescens, C. luteum. C. spectab'- 
ile, showy ladies' slipper, the most beautiful of the 
genus, said to possess properties identical with those 
of C. luteum. 
Cyprium, sip're-um (from Cyprus). Cuprum. 
Cypsele. Capsule; small cavity, as of the ear; 
hollow of the ear; cerumen. 
Cyrceon, sur'se-on. Anus. 
Cyrsotomy, sur-sot'o-me. Cirsotomy. 
Cyrtocoryphus, sur-to-kor'e-fus (kurtos, convex, 
koruphe, crown or head). Term applied to skulls in 
which the parietal angle of Lissauer is from 122° to 
132°. 
Cyrtograph, sur'to-graf (kurtos, curved, grapho, to 
write). Instrument for describing curves of the tho- 
rax; cyrtometer. 
Cyrtoid, sur'toid. Crooked; humpbacked; gibbous. 
Cyrtoma, sur-to'mah (kurtos, curved). Curvature, 
cyphoma. 
Cyrtometer, sur-tom'et-ur (kurtos, curved, metron, 
measure). Instrument for measuring curved parts 
of the body. 
Cyrtometopus, sur-to-met-o'pus (kurtos, curved, 
metopon, forehead). Term applied to skulls in which 
the angle between the lines projected from metopion 
to bregma and to nasion is from 130.5° to 120°. 
Cyrtonosus, sur-ton'os-us (kurtos, curved, nosos, dis- 
ease). Eickets. 
Cyrtopisthocranius, sur-to-pis-tho-kran'e-us (kur- 
301 CYRTOSIS 
tos, convex, opisthokranion, occiput). Term used to 
denote skulls in which the angulus summi occipitis is 
from 117° to 140°. 
Cyrtosis, sur-to'sis. Cyphoma. Spinal curvature; 
rickets. 
Cyrturanus, sur-tu'ran-us (kurtos, convex, ouranos, 
roof of mouth). Term used to denote skulls in which 
the angulus summi palati is from 147.5° to 132°. 
Cys'arus or Cyssarus, sis'sar-us. Anus, rectum. 
Cyssanthemon, sis-san'them-on. Cyclamen Euro- 
paeum. 
Cyssophyllon, sis-so-fil'lon. Cyclamen Europee- 
um. 
Cyssotis, sis'so-tis (kusos, anus). Lower part of the 
rectum. Tenesmus. 
Cyssus, sis'sus. Anus. 
Cyst, sist (kustis, bladder or pouch). Term generally 
applied to a pouch or sac-cystoma-without open- 
ing, and commonly of a membranous nature, acci- 
dentally developed in a natural cavity or in the sub- 
stance of organs. Some cysts are formed by a thin, 
translucent membrane, having scarcely the thickness 
of the arachnoid; others of a whitish, fibro-cellular 
membrane, more or less thick; some contain carti- 
laginous or bony flakes. The greater part have but 
one cavity; others have several, separated by incom- 
plete or imperfect septa, as is frequently seen in those 
developed in the ovaries. The matter contained in 
cysts is sometimes limpid, serous, yellowish-white, 
reddish, and at others more or less thick, albuminous, 
adipous, or caseous. The tumor formed by them is 
called encysted. Cysts are either simple (or barren) 
or compound (or proliferous), the former containing 
fluid or organized matter, the latter various organized 
bodies. According to the nature of their contents 
they are called serous, synovial, mucous, sebaceous, 
sanguineous, colloid, salivary, [seminal, or dermoid. 
Cysts may be most conveniently classified according 
to their mode of origin (Green): 
Classification of Cysts. 
I. Cysts formed by the Accumulation of Substances within 
the Camties of Pre-existing Structures. 
1. Eetention-Cysts. Cysts resulting from the re- 
tention of normal secretions. These include- 
a. Sebaceous Cysts. These are formed by the reten- 
tion of secretions in the sebaceous glands. 
They possess a very thin connective-tissue wall 
lined by stratified epithelium. They contain 
a mass of fatty epithelium and its products, 
debris, cholesterin, etc. 
b. Mucous Cysts. These are formed by the retention 
of secretions in the glands of mucous mem- 
branes. 
c. Cysts from the Retention of Secretions in other parts, 
including ranula, when due to occlusion of the 
salivary ducts; encysted hydrocele, from oc- 
clusion of the tubuli testis ; cysts in the mam- 
mary gland, from obstruction of the lacteal 
ducts; simple and some compound cysts of the 
ovary, from dilatation of the Graafian follicles; 
and simple cysts of the liver and kidneys. 
2. Exudation-Cysts. Cysts resulting from excessive 
secretion in cavities unprovided with an excre- 
tory duct. These include bursae, ganglia, hydro- 
celes, meningoceles, cystic bronchocele, and 
many cysts in the broad ligament. 
3. Extravasation-Cysts. Cysts resulting from ex- 
travasation into closed cavities. These include 
haematocele and some other forms of sanguineous 
cysts. 
II. Cysts of Independent Origin. 
1. Cysts from Softening of Tissues. These are 
especially common in new formations, as in 
chondroma, lipoma, sarcoma, etc. 
2. Cysts from Extravasation into Solid Tis- 
sues-e. g. brain, soft new growths. 
3. Cysts from Expansion and Fusion of Spaces 
in Connective Tissue. These include- 
302 
CYSTAN ENCEPHALIA 
a. Bursee, originating from irritation and exudation 
into the tissues. 
&. Serous cysts in the neck, hygroma (often con- 
genital). 
c. Many compound ovarian cysts. 
4. Cysts formed around Foreign Bodies, Ex- 
tra vasated Blood, and Parasites. 
5. Congenital Cysts. Many hygromata, dermoid 
cysts. Sometimes these appear to be the remains 
of blighted ova, but usually they are due to in- 
clusion of a piece of epiblast. Their wall has 
more or less perfectly the structure of skin; 
they contain fatty matters, a coil of long, fair 
hair, and rarely teeth, bones, etc. 
C., adventitious, cyst or enclosure around an ex- 
traneous body or effused fluid. C., allan'toic, C., 
urachus. C., alve'olar, cyst connected with alveolus 
of tooth. C., aneuris'mal, sac of aneurism. C., 
arach'noid, haematoma of arachnoid membrane. C., 
atherom'atous, atheroma. C., blood, cyst containing 
blood. C. of the broad lig'ament, see Corpus Wolff- 
ianum. C., col'loid, see Cyst. C., com'pound, multi- 
locular cyst. C., Cowpe'rian or Cow'per's, see Nabothi 
glandules. C., cuta'neous or cutic'ular, C. of the 
skin; see Dermoid. C., daughter, cyst developed 
within another. C., dentig'erous, see Dentigerous. 
C., der'moid, see Cyst and Dermoid. C., dilata'tion, 
see Retention. C., epider'mal, atheroma. C., extrav- 
asation or exudation, C., adventitious. C., false, 
C., adventitious. C., follic'ular, cyst of follicle. C., 
haematic, C., blood. C., hydattc or hydatid, echino- 
coccus, hydatid. C., Meibo'mian, chalaza. C., milk, 
cystic enlargement of lactiferous duct. C., Mor- 
gagnian, hydatid of Morgagni. C., moth'er, outer 
cyst of a multilocular cyst. C., mu'cous, see Cyst. 
C., multiloc'ular, cyst divided in several partitions 
from formation of daughter cells in mother cells. 
C., Nabothian, see Nabothi glandules. C., oil, lipo- 
matous tumor whose contents are oily. C. oophoritic, 
unilocular and multilocular cysts of the obphoron, or 
egg-bearing portion of the ovary. C., ovaiian, see 
Ovary. C., papilloinatous, cyst containing pa- 
pillomatous growth, especially ovarian. C., pa'rent, 
C., mother. C., paroophoritic, cyst of the parooph- 
oron, usually unilocular. C., parova'rian, cyst con- 
nected with the parovarium. C., prolifera'tion or 
prolif'erative, mother cyst; cyst having solid matter 
growing out from its surface. C., prolif'erous, see 
Cyst, proliferation. C., prolig'erous, adenosarcoma. 
C., re'nal, cystlike enlargement of the kidney. C., 
retention, see Retention. C., salivary, see Cyst 
and Retention. C., sanguin'eous, see Cyst and 
C., blood. C., seba'ceous, atheroma. C., secondary, 
cyst within a cyst. C., seminal, C. of seminiferous 
tubule; see Cyst. C., se'rous, C. containing thin, 
clear liquid, hygroma; see Cyst. C., single, cyst 
with a single cavity. C., spermatic, C., seminal. 
C. sublin'gual, see Ranula. C., syno'viai, cyst of 
synovial sheath; see Cyst. C., tar'sal, chalazion. C., 
testiciilar, C., seminal. C., the'cal, cystic tumor, or 
cystoma, found sometimes in the tendons about the 
wrist and ankle; usually called ganglion. C., 
umbilical, cyst at umbilicus, existing at birth. C., 
uniloc'ular, C. with a single cavity. C., u'rachus, 
dilatation of the urachus so as to form a cyst, some- 
times as large as the bladder, and sometimes com- 
municating with the latter. C., u'rinary, C. of cor- 
tical substance of kidney. C., Wolffian, see Corpus 
Wolffianum. 
Cystadenoma, sist-ad-en-o'mah. Adenoma having 
cysts in its interior. 
Cystalgia (sist-al'je-ah) or Cystidalgia, sist-id-al'- 
je-ah (cystis, algos, pain). Pain in the bladder. 
Cystanastrophe (sist-an-as'tro-fe) or Cystanas- 
trophia, sist-an-as-trof'e-ah (kustis, bladder, anastrophe, 
inversion). Inversion of the bladder. 
Cystanencephalia, sist-an-en-sef-al'e-ah (cystis, 
anencephalia, absence of brain). Monstrosity in which, 
in place of a brain, a bladder is found filled with 
fluid. CYSTATROPHIA 
Cystatrophia, sist-at-rof'e-ah (cystis, atrophia, 
atrophy). Atrophy or wasting of the bladder. 
Cystauchen, sist-aw'ken (cystis, auchen, neck). Neck 
of the bladder. 
Cystauchenitis, sist-aw-ken-e'tis (same etymon). 
Inflammation of the neck of the bladder. 
Cystauchenotomy, sist-aw-ken-ot'o-me (cystis, au- 
chen, neck, tome, incision). Incision into the neck of 
the bladder. See Lithotomy. 
Cystauxe, sist-awks'e (cystis, auxe, increase). 
Hypertrophy of the coats of the urinary bladder. See 
Cysthyp ersarcosis. 
Cyste, sist'e. Cyst; vagina; bladder. 
Cystectasy, sist-ek'tas-e (cystis, ektasis, dilatation). 
Dilatation of the bladder; lithectasy. 
Cystelcosis (cystis, helcosis, ulceration). Ulceration 
of the urinary bladder. 
Cystencephalus, sist-en-sef'al-us (cystis, kephale, 
head). Monster having a head with a vesicular brain. 
Cysteogenesis, sist-e-o-jen'es-is. Formation of a 
cyst. 
Cysteolaparotomy, sist-e-o-lap-ar-ot'o-me (cystis, 
lapara, belly, tome, incision). Suprapubic cystotomy, 
performed in lithotomy. 
Cysteolithus, sist-e-ol'ith-us (cystis, lithos, stone). 
Stone in the bladder; medicine employed to dissolve 
or break stone. 
Cysterethism, sist-er'ith-izm (cystis, erethizo, to 
irritate). Irritability of the bladder. 
Cysthelcosis, sist-hel-ko'sis. Cystelcosis. 
Cysthepatic, sist-hep-at'ik (cystis, hepar, liver). Be- 
longing to the gall-bladder and liver; name given 
formerly to imaginary excretory ducts for the bile, 
supposed to pass directly from the liver to the gall- 
bladder. 
Cysthepatolithiasis or Cystidepatolithiasis, sist- 
id-ep-at-o-lith-e'as-is (cystis, lithiasis, formation of 
calculus). Aggregate of phenomena caused by the 
presence of biliary calculi. See Calculi, biliary. 
Cysthepatolithus, sist-hep-at-ol'ith-us (cystis, hepar, 
liver, lithos, stone). Concretion formed in the gall- 
bladder. 
Cysthitis, sist-he'tis (kusthos, vagina). Inflamma- 
tion of the vagina. 
Cys'thos or Cysthus, sis'thus. Anus; vulva. 
Cysthygro'ma. Lymphatic cyst. 
Cysthypersarcosis, sist-hy-per-sar-ko'sis (cystis, hu- 
per, over, sarcosis, fleshy growth). Fleshy thickening 
of the coats of the bladder. 
Cystic, sist'ik. Belonging to a cyst or cysts, to 
the bladder or gall-bladder. Containing cysts; cyst- 
ous ; cyst-like. C. ar'tery is given off from the right 
branch of the hepatic, and divides into two branches, 
which proceed to the gall-bladder. It is accompanied 
by two cystic veins which open into the vena porta 
abdominalis. C. bile, bile contained in the gall-blad- 
der. C. bron'chocele, cystic goitre. C. cal'culi, cal- 
culi formed in the gall-bladder; see Calculi. C. can'- 
cer, carcinoma with cysts. C. degeneration, degen- 
eration of any organ from presence of cysts, as the 
kidney. Form of follicular degeneration of cervix 
uteri with loss of substance. C. duct, duct proceed- 
ing from the gall-bladder, which, by its union with 
the hepatic duct, forms the ductus communis choled- 
ochus. C. fos'sa, depression on under surface of liver 
for the gall-bladder. C. hyperpla'sia, excessive fol- 
licular degeneration of the cervix uteri resembling a 
new growth. C. ox'ide, oxide, cystic. C. ox'ide cal'- 
culi, see Calculi, urinary. C. plex'us, plexus formed 
by branches of hepatic plexus to gall-bladder. C. 
sarco'ma of Ab'ernethy, tumor, cellulous or cystous; 
cells oval, currant-sized or grape-sized, containing 
serous fluid; sometimes caseous. Found in the thy- 
roid gland (forming bronchocele), testis, ovaries, etc. 
C. valve, spiral duplication of mucous membrane at 
entrance of cystic duct. C. worm, scolex; cestode 
worm. 
Cystica, sist'ik-ah. Medicines believed proper for 
combating diseases of the bladder. 
Cysticercus, sist-e-sur'kus (cystis, kerkos, tail). Ge- 
nus of entozoa of the family of the hydatids, distin- 
303 
I CYSTIRRHCEA 
guished by the caudal vesicle in which the cylindri- 
cal or slightly-depressed body of the animal termi- 
nates. The cysticercus cellulosae or telse cellulosae 
has been often found in the areolar or cellular mem- 
brane, and is considered to be the offspring of the 
tape-worm in one stage of its growth, having the 
power of developing a large number of individuals 
resembling itself. Cysticercus tenuicollis is the off- 
spring of taenia marginata. See Generation (alternate), 
Metagenesis, Parasites, Echinococcus, and Worms. C. 
bo'vis, C. saginata. C. ca'nis, C. cellulosae. C. cel- 
lulo'sae, see Cysticercus. C. cerebra'tus, larva of 
taenia ccenurus. C. clava'tus, C. tenuicollis. C. cu'- 
tis, hydatid of the skin. C. dicys'ta, cysticercus in 
human skull. C. fin'na, C. cellulosae. C. globo'sa, 
C. tenuicollis. C. linea'ta, C. tenuicollis. C. medio- 
canella'ta, C. saginata. C. pyrifor'mis, C. cellulosae. 
C. racemo'sa, C. branching out into arachnoid mem- 
brane of brain. C. sagina'ta, larval state of taenia 
mediocanellata. C. taen'iae mediocanellat'se or sa- 
ginat'ae, C. saginata. C. te'lae cellulo'sse, C. cellulo- 
sae. C. tenuicol'lis or viscera'lis, scolex of taenia 
marginata in human intestines. 
Cystidalgia, sist-id-al'je-ah (cystis, algos, pain). Cyst- 
algia. 
Cystidelcosis, sist-id-el-ko'sis (cystis, helcosis, ulcera- 
tion). Suppuration or ulceration of the urinary blad- 
der. 
Cystidepatic, sist-id-ep-at'ik. Hepatocystic. 
Cystidepatolithiasis, sist - id - ep - at - o - lith - e' as - is. 
Cysthepatolithiasis. 
Cystidoblennorrhoea, sist - id - o - blen - nor - rhe' ah. 
Cystirrhcea. 
Cystidocatarrhus, sist-id-o-kat-ar'rhus. Cystirrhcea. 
Cystldocele, sist-id-o-se'le (Eng. sist'id-o-seel). Cyst- 
ocele. 
Cystidolaparotomy, sist-id-o-lap-ar-ot'o-me (cystis, 
lapara, flanks, tome, incision). Abdominal section into 
the bladder. 
Cystidomyeloma, sist-id-o-me-el-o'mah. Myeloma 
or soft cancer of the bladder. 
Cystidoplegia, sist-id-o-plej'e-ah (cystis, plege, 
stroke). Paralysis of the urinary bladder. 
Cystidorrhagia, sist-id-or-rhaj'e-ah. Hemorrhage 
of the urinary bladder. 
Cystidorrhexis, sist-id-or-rhex'is. Eupture of the 
urinary bladder. 
Cystidorrhcea, sist-id-or-rhe'ah. Cystirrhcea. 
Cystidosomatotomia, sist-id-o-so-mat-o-tom'e-ah. 
Incision into the body of the bladder. 
Cystidospasmus, sist-id-o-spaz'mus. See Cystospas- 
tic. 
Cystidostenochoria, sist-id-o-sten-o-kor'e-ah (cystis, 
stenos, narrow, choros, place). Stricture of the urinary 
bladder. 
Cystldotomy, sist-id-ot'o-me. Cystotomy. 
Cystidotrachelotomy, sist-id-o-trak-el-ot'o-me (cys- 
tis, trachelos, neck, tome, incision). Incision into the 
neck of the bladder. 
Cystifelleot'omy (cystis, fel, bile, tome, incision). 
Cholecystotomy. 
Cystine, sist'een. C6H12N2S2O4. Cystic oxide. 
Cystinuria, sist-in-u're-ah. Condition in which cys- 
tine is present in urine; several ptomaines are found 
in it, as putrescine and cadaverine. See Urine, cys- 
tinic. 
Cystinx, sist'inks (a bladder). Vesicle. 
Cystip'athy, (cystis, pathos, disease). Disease of the 
bladder. 
Cystiphlogia, sist-e-flo'je-ah (cystis, phlogoo, to in- 
flame). Cystitis. 
Cystirrhagia, sist-ir-rhaj'e-ah (cystis, rhegnumi, to 
break forth). Hemorrhage from the bladder; cystir- 
rhcea. 
Cystirrheuma, sist-ir-rhu'mah. Rheumatism of the 
bladder. 
Cystirrhcea, sist-ir-rhe'ah (cystis, rheo, to flow). 
Copious discharge of mucus from the bladder with 
the urine, generally attended with dysuria, and com- 
monly dependent upon inflammatory or subinflam- 
matory condition of the lining membrane; polyuria. CYSTIS 
Cystis, sist'is. Cyst, follicle, urinary bladder. C. 
bi'lis, choled'ochus, or fel'lea, gall-bladder. C. 
sero'sa, see Hygroma. 
Cystitis, sist-e'tis. Inflammation of the bladder 
characterized by pain and swelling in the hypogastric 
region, discharge of urine painful or obstructed, and 
tenesmus. Commonly it is confined to the mucous 
coat. The chronic condition is usually cystorrhcea. 
It must be treated upon the energetic principles re- 
quired in other internal inflammations, as venesec- 
tion, general and local, the warm bath, warm fomenta- 
tions, warm soothing enemata, diluents, etc. Can- 
tharides must be avoided, even in form of blister, 
unless with precautions, as the disease is often occa- 
sioned by them. Cystitis is sometimes described as 
catarrh of the bladder, which is usually, however, 
synonymous with cystirrhoea. See Cystirrhoea. C., 
croup'ous or diphtheritic, C. with plastic deposit on 
interior of bladder or of thickened dead mucous 
membrane. C., exfo'liative, C., croupous. C. fel'lea, 
cholecystitis. C. parenchymato'sa, inflammation of 
whole structure of bladder. C., pseu'do-mem'bran- 
ous, C., croupous. C. submuco'sa or subsero'sa, C. 
parenchymatosa. C. u'rica, cystitis. 
Cystitome or Cystotome, sist'o-tome {cystis, tome, 
incision). Instrument for dividing anterior part of 
the capsule of the crystalline in the operation for 
extracting cataract. It is formed like a pharyn- 
gotome. 
CystiVomy. Cystotomy. 
Cystoadenoma, sist-o-ad-en-o'mah {cyst, aden, gland). 
Glandular tumor or adenoma, with cysts formed within 
its structure. 
Cystoblast, sist'o-blast {kustis, bladder, blastos, 
germ). Cytoblast; cell-nucleus. 
Cystoblennorrhoea, sist-o-blen-nor-rhe'ah. Cystir- 
rhcea. 
Cystobubonocele, sist-o-bu-bon-o-se'le (Eng. sist-o- 
bu-bon'o-seel) {cystis, boubon, groin, kele, tumor). Her- 
nia of the bladder through the abdominal ring. 
Cystocarcinoma, sist-o-car-cin-o'mah. Cystic de- 
generation complicating, or complicated with, cancer. 
Cystocatarrhus, sist-o-kat-ar'rhus. Catarrh of the 
bladder; cystirrhoea. 
Cystoce'ie, Cystoce'lia, Cistoce'le, or Cystidocele, 
sist-id-o-se'le (Eng. sist'id-o-seel) {cystis, kele, tumor). 
Hernia of the bladder; it occurs most frequently at 
the abdominal ring, less so at the crural arch, peri- 
neum, and vagina-vesico-vaginal hernia-and fora- 
men thyreoideum. It may exist alone or be accom- 
panied by a sac containing some abdominal viscus. 
The tumor is soft and fluctuating, disappears on pres- 
sure, and increases in size when the urine is retained. 
It must be reduced and kept in position by a truss. 
Vaginal cystocele, hernia of the vagina, is kept in 
place by a pessary. C. bilio'sa, turgescence of the 
gall-bladder. C., cru'ral, crural or femoral hernia of 
bladder. C., fem'oral, C., crural. C., in'guinal, in- 
guinal hernia of bladder. C., perine'al, hernia of 
bladder through the perineum. C., vagi'nal, see 
Cystocele. 
Cystocephalus, sist-o-sef'al-us. Cystencephalus; 
monster having a cyst instead of a brain. 
Cystochirurgia, sist-o-kir-ur'je-ah. Surgery of the 
bladder. 
Cystochondro'ma. Enchondroma with cysts. 
Cystococcus, sist-o-kok'kus {kustis, sac, kokkos, ker- 
nel). Nucleus of impregnated ovum. 
Cystocolpicus, sist-o-kol'pik-us {kustis, bladder, kol- 
pos, vagina). Vesico-vaginal. 
Cystocolpitis, sist-o-kol-pe'tis {kustis, bladder, kol- 
pos, vagina). Inflammation of bladder and vagina; 
colpocystitis. 
Cystocolpocele, sist-o-kol-po-se'le (Eng. sist-o-kol'- 
po-seel) {cystis, kolpos, vagina, kele, hernia). Prolapse 
of the bladder into the vagina. 
Cystodynia, sist-o-din'e-ah {cystis, odune, pain). 
Pain, particularly rheumatic pain, of the bladder. 
Cys'to-enteroce'le (Eng. ent'er-o-seel) {cystis, ente- 
ron, intestine, kele, hernia). Hernia, contents of 
which are bladder and intestine. 
304 
CYSTORRHEUMA 
Cys'to-enteroepiploce'le (Eng. ent-er-o-ep-ip'lo- 
seel) {cystis, enteron, intestine, epiploon, omentum, kele, 
hernia). Hernia of bladder, intestine, and omentum. 
Cys'to-epiploce'le (Eng. e-pip'lo-seel) (cystis, epip- 
loon, omentum, kele, hernia). Hernia of bladder and 
omentum. 
Cystoflbro'ma. Cystic degeneration of a fibroid 
tumor. See Fibrocystic. 
Cystogenesis (sist-o-jen'es-is), Cystogenia (sist-o- 
jen'e-ah), or Cystog'eny {cystis, genesis, formation). 
Formation of a cyst. 
Cystohsemia, sist-o-he'me-ah {cystis, haima, blood). 
Congestion of the bladder. 
Cyst'oid {cystis, eidos, resemblance). Cyst-like; re- 
sembling a cyst. 
Cystolipo'ma. Encysted form of lipoma. 
Cystolith {cystis, bladder, lithos, stone). Vesical 
calculus. 
Cystolithiasis, sist-o-lith-e'as-is {cystis, lithiasis, for- 
mation of calculi). Formation of vesical calculi; 
diathesis tending to such formation; gravel. See Cal- 
culi, vesical. 
Cystolithic, sist-o-lith'ik (kustis, bladder, lithos, a 
stone). Eelating to stone in the bladder. 
Cysto'ma. Cystic tumor, as of the ovary. See Cyst. 
Cystomerocele, sist-o-mer-o-se'le (Eng. sist-o-mer'o- 
seel) {cystis, meros, thigh, kele, hernia). Femoral her- 
nia formed by the bladder protruding beneath the 
crural arch. 
Cystomyxo'ma. Myxomatous tumor containing 
cysts. 
Cystoncus, sist-on'kus {cystis, onkos, tumor). Swell- 
ing or tumor of the bladder. 
Cystonephrosis, sist-o-nef-ro'sis {kustis, sac, nephros, 
kidney). Cyst of the kidney; cyst-like enlargement 
of the kidney. . 
Cystoneural'gia. Cystalgia. 
Cystopapilloma, sist-o-pap-il-lo'mah. Hypertrophy 
of papillse upon the surface or wall of a glandular 
cyst. 
Cystoparal'ysis or Cystidoparal'ysis (cysto, para- 
lusis, palsy). Paralysis of the urinary bladder; vesi- 
cal palsy. See Enuresis. 
Cystopexy, sist'o-pex-e {cysto, pexis, fastening). 
Treatment of cystocele by abdominal incision and 
passing catgut sutures through the edges of the wound 
and the superficial muscular layer of the anterior 
wall of the bladder. 
Cystophlegmatic, sist-o-fleg-mat'ik {cystis, phlegma, 
mucus). Belonging to vesical mucus. C. disease, 
cystirrhcea. 
Cystophlogia, sist-o-flog'e-ah {cystis, phlogoo, to in- 
flame). Cystitis. 
Cystophthisis (sist-o-te'sis) or Cystoph'thde {cystis, 
phthisis, wasting). Consumption from ulceration or 
chronic disease of bladder; atrophy of bladder. 
Cystoplast, sist'o-plast {cystis, plasso, to form). Nu- 
cleated cell having an envelope, such as the epithelial 
cells and red blood-cells. 
Cystoplastic, sist-o-plas'tik. Epithet for the opera- 
tion for the cure of fistulous openings into the blad- 
der-Cystoplasty. Cure of malformation of the bladder 
by grafting, etc. Operation for vesico-vaginal fistula 
by grafting or plastic operation. 
Cystoplegla (sist-o-plej'e-ah) or Cystoplexia, sist-o- 
pleks'e-ah {cystis, plege, stroke). Paralysis of the 
bladder. 
Cystopleg'lc. Eelating to paralysis of the bladder. 
Cystoptosls, sist-o-to'sis {cystis, ptosis, falling). Ee- 
laxation of the inner membrane of the bladder which 
projects into the canal of the urethra. 
Cystopyelitis, sist-o-pe-el-e'tis (cystis,puelos, pelvis'). 
Inflammation of bladder and pelvis of kidney. 
Cystopyic, sist-o-pi'ik {cystis, puon, pus). Eelating 
to suppuration of the bladder. 
Cystorrhagia, sist-or-rhaj'e-ah {cystis, rhage, rup- 
ture). Hemorrhage from the vessels of the urinary 
bladder. 
Cystorrhaphy, sist-or'rhaf-e {cystis, rhaphe, suture). 
Suture of the bladder. 
Cystorrheuma (sist-or-rhu'mah) or Cystirrheu'ma CYSTORRHEXIS 
(cystis, rheuma, defluxion). Rheumatism of the 
bladder. 
Cystorrhex'is or Cystidorrhexis, sist-id-or-rheks'is 
(cystis, rhexis, rupture). Rupture of the urinary 
bladder. 
Cystorrhoea, sist-or-rhe'ah. Cystirrhoea; catarrh 
of the bladder; polyuria. 
Cystorrhonchus, sist-or-rhon'kus (cystis, rhonchus, 
rale). Vesicular rale. 
Cystosarcoma, sist-o-sar-ko'mah. Tumor consist- 
ing of a combination of cysts and cystoids; sarcoma 
containing cysts. 
Cystoschisis, sist-os'kis-is (cystis, schisis, fissure). 
Fissure of the bladder. 
Cystoscirrhus, sist-o-skir'rhus. Scirrhus of the 
bladder. 
Cystoscope, sist'o-skope (cystis, skopeo, to examine). 
Catheter with flattened extremity like a stethoscope, 
to enable the sound to be heard when the instrument 
strikes a stone in the bladder. Instrument for en- 
abling the eye to observe by reflected light the interior 
of the bladder. 
Cystoscopy, sist-os'ko-pe. Examination of the 
bladder with a cystoscope. 
Cystose, sist'oze. Cystic. 
Cystosis, sist-o'sis. Spinal curvature. 
Cystosomatomia, Cystosomatotomia, or Cystido- 
somatotomia, sist-id-o-so-mat-o-tom'e-ah (cystis, soma, 
body, tome, incision). Incision into body of bladder. 
Cystospasm, sist'o-spazm. See Cystospastic. 
Cystospastic, sist-o-spas'tik (cystis, spao, to con- 
tract). Relating to spasm of the bladder, particularly 
of its sphincter-Cystospasm. 
Cystospermitis, sist-o-spurm-e'tis (cystis, sperma, 
sperm). Inflammation of the vesiculse seminales. 
Cystosteatoma, sist-o-sta-at-o'mah. Sebaceous cyst. 
Cystostenochoria or Cystidostenochoria, sist-id-o- 
sten-o-kor'e-ah (cystis, stenos, narrow, choros, place). 
Stricture, narrowness, inequality, or saccated con- 
dition of the urinary bladder. 
Cystothromboid, sist-o-throm'boid (cystis, thrombos, 
clot). Relating to the presence of clots in the bladder. 
Cystotome or Cystitome, sist'it-ome (cystis, tome, 
incision). Instrument intended for cutting the blad- 
der; more frequently, although improperly, called 
lithotome. Instrument for division of anterior cap- 
sule of crystalline lens. 
Cystotomy, sist-ot'o-me. Incision of the bladder; 
term commonly applied to puncturing of the bladder 
for the purpose of removing urine-paracentesis vesi- 
cle. The term lithotomy has been employed for the 
incisions made with the view of extracting calculi 
from the bladder. It is termed Rectal or Retrovesical 
when the incision in the bladder is made between the 
prostrate gland and rectovesical pouch; Suprapubic- 
epicystotomy-when incision is made above the pubes, 
below the peritoneal sac in front of the bladder. 
Cystotrachelotomy sist - o-trak - el - ot' o-me (cystis, 
trachelos, neck, tome, incision). Incision into the neck 
of the bladder. See Lithotomy. 
Cystotrauma, sist - o - trau' mah (cystis, trauma, 
wound). Wound or injury of the bladder. 
Cystous, sist'us. Cystic. 
Cystovarium, sist-o-var'e-um (cystis, oarion, ovary). 
Formation of cysts in the ovary; ovarian cyst or 
cystoma. 
Cysus, sis'us. Anus ; aperture of vagina. 
Cyten'chyma. Substance in reticulum of cysto- 
plasm. 
Cythaamol'ysis (kutos, cell, haima, blood, lusis, solu- 
tion). Dissolution of the blood-corpuscles. 
Cytherean, sith-e're-an (from Cythera, island sacred 
to Venus). Venereal. C. shield, condom. 
Cytheromanla, sith-er-o-man'e-ah. Nymphomania. 
Cytinus hypocistis, sit'in-us hyp-o-sis'tis. Small 
parasitical plant, growing in the south of France and 
Greece, on the roots of the woody cistus ; juice of the 
fruit is acid and very astringent; used in form of ex- 
tract in hemorrhages, diarrhoea, etc. 
Cytisine, sit'is-een. C20H27N3O. Immediate, poi- 
305 
CZERNY-LEMBERT 
sonous, vegetable, alkaloid principle in the seeds of 
Cytisus laburnum or bean-trefoil tree. It has analo- 
gous properties to emetine; in the dose of one or two 
grains produces vomiting and purging, and in a 
stronger dose acts as an acrid poison; seeds of the 
Cytisus laburnum produce vomiting and purging. 
The nitrate of the drug is usually administered; 
has been used hypodermically (dose, gr. to gr. 
in cases of paralytic migraine, having a hypnotic 
effect. 
Cytlsma eczema, sit-iz'mah ek-ze'ma. Eczema. C. 
her'pes, herpes. 
Cytisogenista, sit-is-o-jen-is'tah. Spartium sco- 
parium. 
Cytisus (sit'is-us) Antilla'rum, species of legumin- 
ous plants; flowers and seeds are stomachic and anti- 
pyretic. C. hirsu'tus, leaves of this species of S. 
Europe are diuretic. C. labur'num, Cytisine, Labur- 
num, False ebony, Golden chain; used as nervous 
sedative and in some cutaneous diseases; poisonous 
in large doses. C. scopa'rius, Spartum scoparium. 
Cytitis, sit-e'tis {cutis, skin). Inflammation of the 
skin. 
Cy'toblast or Cyst'oblast (fcitfos, cell, blastos, germ). 
Cell-germ; cell-nucleus; granule from which all 
animal and vegetable bodies are presumed to be 
formed. See Cell: 
Cytoblastema, se-to-blas-ta'mah (same etymon). 
Formative fluid; intercellular substance; hyaline 
substance. Fluid material in which it was supposed 
that cells originated by the combination and aggrega- 
tion of particles of matter. 
Cytoblastion, se-to-blas'te-on {kutos, cell, blastos, 
germ). Cell with spherical nuclei or cellules. 
Cytode, si'tode. Non-nucleated protoplasmic cell. 
Cytodieresis (fcwtos, cell, dieresis, division). Cell- 
segmentation. 
Cytogen'esis. Cytogeny. 
Cytogenetic (si-to-jen-et'ik), Cytogen'ic, or Cytog- 
enous, si-toj'en-us. Eelating or belonging to cy- 
togeny. 
Cytogeny (si-toj'en-e) or Cytogenesis, si-to-jen'e-sis 
(fcutos, cell, genesis, generation). Cell-genesis; cell- 
formation. Continuous development of cells, in tissue 
formation, has been called by Virchow proliferation 
of cells. 
Cytoid, si'toid {kutos, cell, eidos, resemblance). Cell- 
like. Term applied to corpuscles, as those of lymph, 
chyle, pus, etc., seeming to resemble each other essen- 
tially in their chemical and microscopical characters. 
Leucocytes. C. cor'puscles, leucocytes. 
Cytokine'sis {cyto, kinesis, movement). Movements 
and changes in ovum in the course of its progress and 
development. 
Cytology, si-tol'o-je {kutos, cell, logos, description). 
Science of cells and cell-formation. 
Cytoplasm, si'to-plazm {kutos, cell, plasma, forma- 
tive matter). Protoplasm. Material constituting the 
body of the cell outside of the nucleus. 
Cytostasis, se-tos'tas-is {kutos, cell, stasis, stagna- 
tion). Arrest of red or white blood-cells or corpuscles 
in the small vessels. 
Cytotsenia, se-to-te'ne-ah. Tsenia. 
Cytozo'a. Protozoa. Parasitic micro-organisms in 
cells; protoplasmic masses seen under the microscope 
to escape from blood-corpuscles, as of the frog, after 
mixture with a saline solution and defibrination. 
Cyttaros, sit'tar-os. Glans. 
Cyt'ula. Ovum that has been fecundated. 
Czermak's (tzur'mak's) spaces. Interglobular 
spaces. 
Czer'ny, su'ture of. Method of uniting fragments 
of ruptured tendon by splitting one of the pieces lon- 
gitudinally and attaching it by suture to the other 
piece. 
Czerny-Lembert, su'ture of, suture of Lembert, 
reinforced by a row of deep sutures, the stitch being 
extra-peritoneal, and the Czerny sutures being con- 
cealed by the Lembert sutures; a form of suture ap- 
plicable to circular enterorrhaphy especially. D 
306 
DACTYLOCAMPSODYNIA 
D. See Abbreviations. Greek A, according to Galen, 
was the sign for quartan fever. 
Dacry, dak're (dakru, tear). In composition, a tear. 
Dacryadenalgia or Dacryoadenalgia, dak-re-o-ad- 
en-al'je-ah (dacry, aden, gland, algos, pain). Disease or 
pain in the lacrymal gland. 
Dacryadeni'tis or Dacryoadenitis, dak-re-o-ad-en- 
e'tis (dacry, aden, gland). Inflammation of the lacry- 
mal gland. 
Dacryadenoscirrhus, dak-re-ad-en- o-skir'rhus 
(dacry, aden, gland, scirrhus). Scirrhus of lacrymal 
gland. 
Dacrysemorrhysis, dak-re-e-mor'rhis-is (dacry, 
haima, blood, rhusis, flow). Hemorrhage from the 
lacrymal apparatus. 
Dacryagogue, dak're-ag-og (dacry, agogos, leading). 
Tear-conducting, as lacrymal canals. 
Dacryalloeosis, dak-re-al-le-o'sis (dacry, alloiosis, 
change). Morbid condition of the tears. 
Dacrydion, kak-rid'e-on (dakry, tear, from the 
gummy exudation). Convolvulus scammonia. 
Dacryelcosis, dak-re-el-ko'sis (dacry, helkosis, ulcer- 
ation). Ulceration of the lacrymal apparatus. 
Dacrygelosis, dak - re-j el-o'sis (dacry, gelao, to 
laugh). Kind of insanity in which the patient weeps 
and laughs at the same time; it may be simply hys- 
terical. 
Dacryhsemorrhysis, dak-re-he-mor'rhis-is (dacry, 
haimorrhusis, hemorrhage). Sanguineous lacrymation; 
flow of bloody tears. 
Dacryhelcosis, dak-re-hel-ko'sis. Ulceration of the 
lacrymal apparatus. 
Dacryma, dak're-mah. Tear. 
Dacryo (dakruon, tear). In composition, tear. 
Dacryoadenalgia, dak-re-o-ad-en-al'je-ah. Pain or 
disease in the lacrymal gland. 
Dacryoadenitis, dak-re-o-ad-en-e'tis. Inflammation 
of the lacrymal gland. 
Dacryobiennorrhoea, dak - re - o - blen - nor - rhe' ah 
(dacryon, blenna, mucus, rheo, to flow). Discharge of 
tears mixed with mucus. 
Dacryocele, dak-re-o-se'le (Eng. dak're-o-seel) (dac- 
ry, kele, tumor). Cyst of lacrymal sac. 
Dac'ryocyst. Lacrymal sac. 
Dacryocystalgia, dak-re-o-sist-al'je-ah (dacry, kustis, 
sac, algos, pain). Disease or pain in the lacrymal sac. 
Dacryocystis, dak-re-o-sist'is (dacry, kustis, sac). 
Lacrymal sac. 
Dacryocystitis, dak-re-o-sis-te'tis (dacrocystis, lacry- 
mal sac). Inflammation of lacrymal sac ; it may be 
catarrhal, blennorrhceal, phlegmonous, or purulent. 
Dacryocystoblennorrhoea, dak-re-o-sist-o-blen-nor- 
rhe'a (dacryocystis, lacrymal sac, blenna, mucus, rheo, 
to flow). Chronic inflammation of the lacrymal sac 
and its appendages, characterized by a circumscribed, 
painless tumor, with obstruction and accumulation of 
tears, mucus, and pus. 
Dacryocystoblennostasis, dak-re-o-sist-o-blen-nos'- 
tas-is (dacry, kustis, sac, blenna, mucus, stasis, stagna- 
tion). Abnormal collection of mucus in the lacry- 
mal sac. 
Dacryocystocele, dak-re-o-sist-o-se'le (Eng. dak-re- 
o-sist'o-seel) (dacry, kustis, sac, kele, tumor). Hernia 
of the lacrymal sac. 
Dacryocystoptosis, dak-re-o-sist-o-to'sis (dacry, kus- 
tis, sac, ptosis, falling). Prolapse of the lacrymal sac. 
Dacryocystosyringokatakleisis, dak-re-o-sist-o-sir- 
in-go-kat-ah-kli'sis (dacry, cystis, surinx, pipe, fistula, 
katakleisis, locking up). Term proposed by Dieffen- 
bach for the healing of lacrymal fistulas by transplan- 
tation. 
Dacryocystot'omy (dacry, cystis, sac, tome, incision). 
Incision into the lacrymal sac. 
Dacryodes, dak-re-o'des. Weeping; resembling 
tears, as in some sores. 
Dacryohsemorrhcea (dak-re-o-he-mor-rhe'ah) or 
Dacryohsemorrhysis, dak-re-o-he-mor'rhis-is. Hem- 
orrhage from the lacrymal apparatus. 
Dac'ryoid. Like a tear. 
Dac'ryolin. Albuminoid derived from tears. 
Dac'ryolite or Dacryolith, dak're-o-lith (dacry, li- 
thos, stone). Lacrymal calculus ; secretion found in 
the lacrymal passages. When in the nasal duct, it is 
termed rhinolite, nasal calculus, or rhinodacryolite. 
Dacryolithi'asis (dacry, lithiasis, formation of cal- 
culi). Formation of concretions in the tears. 
Dacryol'ithus. Dacryolite. 
Dacryoma, dak-re-o'mah. Epiphora; effusion of 
tears occasioned by occlusion of the puncta lacryma- 
lia. Lacrymal tumor. 
Dacryon, dak're-on. Tear. Point of meeting of 
the frontal and lacrymal bones and ascending process 
of superior maxillary bone on the side of the root of 
the nose. 
Dac'ryonome (dacry, nome, ulcer). Corrosive ulcer 
of the lacrymal apparatus. 
Dacryopoeus, dak-re-o-pe'us (dacry, poieo, to make). 
Substance which excites the secretion of tears, as the 
onion, horseradish, etc. 
Dacryops, dak're-ops (dacry, ops, eye). Weeping 
eye. Tumefaction of the lacrymal ducts or lacry- 
mal cyst. D. fistulo'sa, fistula of the lacrymal 
gland. 
Dacryoptosis, dak-re-op-to'sis. Prolapse of the lac- 
rymal sac. 
Dacryopyorrhoea, dak-re-o-pe-or-rhe'ah (dacry, 
puon, pus, rheo, to flow). Discharge of tears mixed 
with purulent matter. 
Dacryopyosis, dak-re-o-pe-o'sis (dacry, puon, pus). 
Suppuration in lacrymal apparatus. 
Dacryorrhoe'a, Dacryor'rhysis, Dacryrrhce'a, or 
Dacryrrhysis, dak-rir'rhis-is (dacry, rheo, to flow). 
Morbid flow of tears. 
Dacryosolen, dak-re-o-so'len (dacry, solen, canal). 
Lacrymal canal. 
Dacryosolenitis, dak-re-o-sol-en-e'tis (dacry, solen, 
lacrymal duct). Inflammation of the lacrymal duct. 
Dacryostagia (dak-re-o-staj'e-ah) or Dacryostag'- 
ma (dacry, stazo, to let fall). Continuous falling of 
tears. 
Dacryosyrinx, dak-re-o-sir'inks (dacryon, surinx, fis- 
tula). Fistula lacrymalis. Syringe for lacrymal duct 
or canals. 
Dacryrrhoea (dak-rir-rhe'ah) or Dacryrrhysis, dak- 
rir'rhis-is. Morbid flow of tears. 
Dacryuria, dak-re-u're-ah (dacry, ouron, urine). 
Hysterical flow of urine in crying. 
Dactyl, dak'til (daktulos, finger). Finger or toe. 
Dac'tylate. Resembling a finger or fingers. 
Dactylethra or Dactylithra, dak-til-ith'rah (cover- 
ing for a finger). Ancient name for topical applica- 
tions having the form of a finger, to be introduced 
into the throat to excite vomiting. 
Dactyletus, dak-til-a'tus. See Hermodactylus. 
Dactyl'ion or Dactylium, dak-til'e-um (finger). 
Webbed fingers; union of the fingers with each other; 
generally congenital, but may be owing to burns, ulcer- 
ations, inflammation, etc. 
Dactylitis, dak-til-e'tus. Inflammation of a finger 
or toe; paronychia. D. syphilit'ica, gummatous state 
of the fingers or toes; see Paronychia. 
Dactylium, dak-til'e-um. Little finger; syndac- 
tylism. 
Dactylius, dak-til'e-us. A ring. Troch or lozenge 
shaped like a finger. The anus. 
Dactylo, dak'til-o (daktulos, finger). In composition, 
finger. 
Dactylocampsodynia, dak-til-o-kamp-so-din'e-ah 
(dactylo, kampsis, bending, odune, pain). Painful bend- 
ing or contraction of the fingers, DACTYLO DOC H ME 
Dactylodochme, dak-til-o-dok'me. Measure of the 
Greeks, equal to about four fingers' breadth. 
Dactylogryposis, dak-til-o-grip-o'sis (dactylo, grupos, 
curved). Abnormal bending or curvature of the fin- 
gers or toes. 
Dactylold, dak'til-oid. Finger-like. 
Dactylology, dak-til-ol'o-je (dactylo, logos, dis- 
course). Conversing with the fingers, as by the deaf 
and dumb. 
Dactylolysis, dak-til-ol'is-is (dactylo, lusis, separa- 
tion). Ainhum. 
Dactylosmyleu'sis (dactylo, smileuo, to cut with a 
chisel). Amputation with a pounded chisel. 
Dactylospasmus, dak-til-o-spaz'mus. Spasmodic 
contraction of the fingers. 
Dactylosymphysis, dak-til-o-sim'fis-is (dactylo, sum- 
phusis, union). Adhesion of the fingers to each 
other. 
Dactylotheke, dak-til-o-tha'ke (dactylo, theke, case 
or sheath). Instrument for keeping the fingers ex- 
tended when wounded. 
Dactylus, dak'til-us. Finger. Smallest measure of 
the Greeks; the sixth part of a foot; date ; digit. 
Daedalea suaveolens, de-dal'e-ah swav-a'o-lens. 
Ord. Fungi. Champignon, growing on the trunks of 
old willows. It has a smell of anise, and has been 
recommended in phthisis pulmonalis. 
Daedalus, de'dal-us. Mercury. 
Daedion, de'de-on (dim. of Dais, torch). Bougie. 
Daemia (de'me-a) exten'sa. E. Indian shrub, in- 
fusion of which is administered in diseases of the 
lungs, and the juice applied locally in rheumatism. 
Daemonia, de-raon'e-ah. Demonomania. 
Daemoniacus, de-mon-e'ak-us (daimon, demon). Pos- 
sessed. 
Daemonoma'nia or Daemonopathia, de-mon-o-path- 
e'ah. Demonomania; monomania as to being pos- 
sessed by an evil spirit. 
Daf'fodil. Narcissus. 
Daft. Insane. 
Dahlia, dal'e-ah. Root of this plant, ord. Com- 
positae, is stomachic, diuretic, and diaphoretic. 
Dais'y. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Erigeron 
Philadelphicum. D., com'mon, bellis. D., dev'il's, 
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Achillea millefo- 
lium, Anthemis cotula. D., English or Europe'an, 
Bellis perennis. D., ox-eye, Chrysanthemum leu- 
canthemum. 
Dalbergia (dal-bur'je-ah) Cochinchinen'sis or diph- 
aca, dif-ak'ah. Tree of China and other regions of 
the East, used in skin diseases. D. frondo'sa, tree 
of E. Indies; leaves are applied externally in skin 
diseases, bark as a stomachic, oil of the seeds in 
rheumatism. D. scan'dens, tree of E. Indies; seeds 
are cathartic, leaves are emollient. D. sis'sos and D. 
sympathet'ica are employed as alteratives. 
Dal'by's carmin'ative (after the proposer). A cel- 
ebrated empirical remedy much used as a carminative 
for children. A committee of the Philadelphia Col- 
lege of Pharmacy recommended the following form: 
Aquae, Ox; Sacchar. alb., ; Potass, carbon., 
; Magnes. carb., ; Tinct. opii., ; 01. menth. 
pip., 01. anethi fcenicul., aa Qij. M. 
Dalea citriodora, dal'e-ah cit-re-o-do'rah. Legu- 
minous plant of Mexico; antispasmodic. 
Daltonian, dawl-to'ne-an. Absurd name given to 
one who cannot distinguish colors, because the cel- 
ebrated physician Dalton had the defect. See Achro- 
matopsia. 
Dal'tonism. Color-blindness; achromatopsia. 
Damarra or Dammara Australis. Dammar. See 
Finns damarra. D. res'in or tur'pentine, see Pinus 
damarra. 
Damia'na. Mexican plant considered aphrodisiac; 
various species of Turnera, T. aphrodisiaca especially. 
Leaves of Aplopappus discoideus applied in rheuma- 
tism. 
Dammar' cement'ing flu'id. Preparation for mount- 
ing pathological sections, consisting of gum dammar, 
gum mastic, and benzole. 
Damp, after or black (G. dampf, vapor). See Ily- 
307 
DARNEL 
drogen, carburetted. D., choke, carbonic acid; see Hy- 
drogen, carburetted. D., cold, term used for air in 
mines apparently loaded with carbonic acid, chilled 
and very moist from passing through the workings. 
D., fire, hydrogen, carburetted. 
Dam'son (from Damascus). Prunum Damascenum; 
see Prunum. D., moun'tain, Quassia simarouba. D. 
tree, Prunus domestica. 
Danaidine, dan-a'id-een. Alkaloid from Danais 
fragrans. 
Dana'is fra'grans. Root and bark of this tree of 
Madagascar are tonic and antiperiodic, and used also 
in cutaneous affections. D. rotundifo'lia has similar 
properties. 
Dance. See Mania, dancing. D., St. Guy's, chorea. 
D., St. John's, see Mania, dancing. D., St. Vitus's, 
chorea; see Mania, dancing. 
Dan'cing ma'nia. See Mania, dancing. D. plague, 
see Mania, dancing. 
Dande'lion. Leontodon taraxacum. D., juice of, 
succus taraxaci; see Succus conii. 
Dan'der. See Pityriasis. 
Dan'do. Old name for prostration before attack 
of fever. 
Dan'drift or Dan'druff. See Pityriasis. 
Dan'dy fe'ver. Dengue. 
Dane's blood. Anemone pulsatilla; Sambucus 
ebulus. 
Dane'weed or Dane'wort. Sambucus ebulus. 
Daniell, dan'yel. Unit of electrical measurement, 
equivalent to 1.124 volts. 
Daniellia thurifera, dan-e-el'yah thu-rif'er-ah. 
Frankincense tree of W. Africa, furnishing the prod- 
uct termed African frankincense. 
Dansoma'nia. Epidemic form of cholera. 
Daphne, daf'ne (after the nymph Daphne). Laurus. 
D. Alpi'na, sort of dwarf olive. An acrid, volatile, 
alkaline principle was separated from the bark, called 
Daphnin, to which its vesicating property is due. D. 
can'dicans, shrub of France and Italy, leaves of 
which are cathartic. D. cneo'rum, garland flower; 
bark is vesicant. D., flax-leaved, Daphne gnidium. 
D. gnid'ium, spurge flax, flax-leaved daphne; plant 
of S. Europe, furnishing garou bark, chiefly used for 
exciting iritation of the skin. Garou bark and grana 
gnidia are also obtained from Daphne laureola. The 
whole plant is poisonous. D. laure'ola, systematic 
name of dwarf bay, wood laurel, or spurge laurel, 
bark of which has similar properties to the last; it is 
a source of mezereum. D. Liottar'di, D. mezereum. 
D. ma'jor, D. laureola. D. meze'reon or meze'reum, 
systematic name of mezereon or spurge olive; bark of 
mezereon possesses analogous properties to the other 
varieties of Daphne. Mezereum (Ph. U. S. and Br.) is the 
bark of Daphne mezereum and other species of Daph- 
ne ; is stimulant and diaphoretic, and in large doses 
emetic; it is employed in syphilis. Soaked in vine- 
gar-mezereum acetatum-it has been employed to 
irritate the skin, especially to keep tissues open. 
Berries are drastic cathartic. D. olseofo'lia or oleoi'- 
des, species growing in S. Europe; cathartic. D. 
panicula'ta, D. gnidium. D. papyra'cea, shrub of 
China and India; bark and root are purgative. D. 
piVlu, Chilian shrub ; emeto-cathartic. D. salicifo'- 
lia grows in Mexico; leaves are vesicant. D. thyme- 
Ise'a, shrub of S. France and Spain; root is hydra- 
gogue cathartic; bark resembles mezereon. 
Daphnelseon, daf-nel-e'on (daphne, laurel or bay 
tree, elaion, oil). Oil of bay; oil of berries of Laurus 
nobilis. 
Daphnidium cubeba, daf - nid' e - um ku - be' bah. 
Species of Lauracese from China and S. Asia, berries 
of which resemble cubebs and are carminative. D. 
myr'rha, plant having similar habitat, resembling 
myrrh; excitant and diuretic ; the root is anthelmin- 
tic and menstruant; the oil is employed in cutaneous 
affections. 
Daph'nin. Bitter glucoside in mezereon bark; see 
Daphne Alpina. 
Dark'nesses. See Epilepsy. 
Dar'nel. Lolium temulentum. DARSENI 
Darseni (dar-se'ne) or Darsi'ni. Laurus cinna- 
momum. 
Dar'sis (darsis, excoriation). Anatomical.prepara- 
tion consisting in removing the skin for exposure of 
the organs covered by it; excoriation. 
Dart, caus'tic. Caustic pencil which disappears by 
solution in the part into which it is introduced. 
Dar'ta. Impetigo. D. excoriati'va or malig'na, 
herpes exedens; lupus. 
Darto'ic myo'ma, see Myoma. 
Dar'tos (skinned). Second covering of the testicle, 
formerly conceived to be muscular, but which is 
merely areolar tissue containing unstriped muscular 
fibre. It has been considered that it proceeds from 
an expansion of the fibrous cord, known as the 
gubernaculum testis. 
Dar'trous. Herpetic. Participating in the cha- 
racters of herpes. Also one affected with herpes. 
D. diath'esis, peculiar state of health which renders 
its subject liable to general eruptions of different 
forms; always met with in the young, symmetrical, 
and controlled by arsenic; see Herpes. 
Darwinian theory or Dar'winism. Theory that 
evolution of animals and plants has occurred through 
slight hereditary variations from simpler forms, and 
that the fittest variations have survived; in other 
words, that individuals that have the slightest ad- 
vantage over others would be more likely to sur- 
vive and perpetuate their kind, and injurious 
ones be destroyed. This was termed Natural Se- 
lection, or the survival of the fittest. D. tu'bercle, 
tubercle or prominence on margin of the helix of 
the ear, corresponding with the pointed ear of the 
ape. 
Dasyma, das-e'mah (dasus, rough, hairy). Disease 
of the eye-the same as trachoma, but less in degree. 
Dasys, das'is. Rough, as the tongue, when thick or 
rough; or urine, when cloudy or thick. 
Dasytes, das'it-ees. Roughness, particularly of the 
tongue and voice. Hairiness, hirsuties. 
Date. Fruit of the Phoenix dactylifera or excelsa, 
Palma dactylifera. Unripe date is astringent. When 
ripe it resembles the fig. Juice of the tree is refrig- 
erant. 
Date'plum, In'dian. Diospyrus lotus. 
Datisca cannabina, dat-is'ka kan-nab'in-ah. Yel- 
low hemp, of S. Europe; antiperiodic, and employed 
like cinchona. Glucoside from the root is called Da- 
tiscin, C21H22O12. 
Datura, dat-u'rah. D. stramonium. D. aTba, E. 
Indian plant, having properties of D. stramonium. 
D. fastuo'sa, E. Indian species, narcotic and stimu- 
lant ; used in epilepsy and herpes; seeds are hypnotic. 
D. fe'rox, of E. Indies, smoked in asthma. D. metel' 
or meteloi'des, E. Indian plant; febrifuge, and applied 
externally in arthritis. D. nilhummatu, shrub of 
Malabar; seeds are antiperiodic; juice is used exter- 
nally in syphilis. D. sanguin'ea, red thornapple, 
grave-plant; plant from which the Peruvian Indians 
prepare a narcotic drink called tonga. D. stramo'- 
nium, stramonium; Thornapple, Apple of Peru, James- 
town weed, Jlmston or Jimson weed, Stinkweed. The 
leaves, Stramonii folia (Ph. U. S. and Br.), S. folium, 
and the seeds, Stramonii semen (Ph. U. S.), S. semina 
(Ph. Br.), and the root, Stramonii radix, are the parts 
used in medicine. They are narcotic, and applied 
externally, sedative, in the form of fomentation; 
the leaves are smoked like tobacco in asthma. D. 
tat'ula, properties are similar to those of D. stra- 
monium. 
Daturia (dat-u-re'ah), Daturina (dat-u're-nah), Dat- 
urium (dat-u're-um), or Daturine, dat'u-reen. C17- 
H23NO3. Active principle of Datura stramonium, 
employed for obtaining the effects of stramonium; 
its action resembles that of atropia. 
Da'turine sul'phate. White granular crystals; 
hypnotic, given internally to control mania in doses 
of gr. to Jg. 
Datyra, dat-ir ah. Datura stramonium. 
Daubenton (French scientific physician), an'gle of. 
Occipital angle. D.'s line, line drawn from opisthion 
308 
> DEAFNESS 
to nasion. D.'s plane, line passing through opisthion 
and inferior margins of the orbits. 
Dauci radix, daw'se rad'iks. See Daucus carota. 
Daucus (daw'kus) au'reus. Plant of N. Africa, 
used in leprosy. D. Candia'nus, Athamanta Creten- 
sis. D. caro'ta, systematic name of the carrot plant. 
The fruit-carrot seed, Carota-and the root have 
been used in medicine. The root is sweet and muci- 
laginous ; the seeds have an aromatic odor and warm, 
pungent taste. The root is emollient, applied to fetid 
and ill-conditioned sores; seeds are stomachic, car- 
minative, and diuretic. D. Cre'ticus, Athamanta 
Cretensis. D. cyan'opus, Pimpinella magna. D. 
German'icus, D. carota. D. nos'tras, offlcina'rum, 
sati'vus, or vulga'ris, D. carota. D. seprin'ius, 
Scandix cerefolium. D. sylves'tris, D. carota. D. 
vulga'ris, D. carota. 
Daughter (daw'ter) cells. Cells originating from 
division of parent cells; spermatocytes, for ex- 
ample. D. nu'clei, nucleoli within nuclei. 
Daura, daw'rah. Helleborus niger; Conocarpus 
latifolius. 
Davallia aculeata, dav - al' le - ah ak - u - le - at' ah. 
Fern of W. Indies; astringent and expectorant. 
Daviel's spoon. Curette used to promote the exit 
of the lens in the operation of extraction. 
Davies and Col'ley's opera'tion. Operation for 
cleft of hard palate. 
Davilla Brasiliana, dav-il'lah braz-il-e-an'ah. D. 
rugosa. D. ellip'tica, see D. rugosa. D. rugo'sa (after 
Dom Pedro Franco Davila, a Peruvian and Spanish 
naturalist). The whole of this Brazilian plant, as 
well as Davilla elliptica, is astringent. 
Day sight or vis'ion. Hemeralopia. 
Day-blind'ness. Nyctalopia. 
Day'mare. See Incubus vigilantim. 
Day'nettle. Lamium album; L. purpureum; Gale- 
opsis tetrahit. 
Day's eye. Daisy. 
Dazz'ling (dim of Dazing). Momentary disturb- 
ance of sight, occasioned by the sudden impression 
of powerful light, or by some internal cause, as 
plethora. 
D. D. Disk diameters. 
De (F., des), from, as a prefix, signifies at times a 
downward movement; at others a primitive power; 
at others again, intensity. 
De ven'tre inspicien'do. " Of inspecting the belly." 
When there is reason to suppose that a woman feigns 
herself pregnant, a writ de ventre inspiciendo may be 
issued to determine whether she is so or not. In 
England, the decision was formerly left to twelve ma- 
trons and twelve respectable men, according to the 
strict terms of the ancient writ. 
Dead (Sax. beab). Deprived of life; exan- 
imate ; paralyzed; cold, as if life was extinct in a 
part. D. fin'gers, paleness and coldness of the fin- 
gers, sometimes a precursor of senile gangrene. D. 
space, part of a fluid in which no reaction occurs 
between substances dissolved in it. 
Dead'house. Morgue. 
Dead'ly. Lethiferous; mortal. D. night'shade, 
Atropa belladonna. 
Dead'men's bells. Digitalis. 
Dead'nettle. Lamium album and other species of 
lamium. 
Dead'tongue. (Enanthe crocata. 
Dead'wort. Sambucus ebulus. 
Deaf (Sax. beap). Devoid of hearing; hard of 
hearing. 
Deaf-dumb'ness or Deaf-mut'ism. Deafness com- 
bined with dumbness. 
Deaf-mute. One who is both deaf and dumb. 
Deaf'ness. Hardness of hearing, or diminution or 
total loss of hearing, the effect of acute or chronic 
inflammation of the internal ear, closure of the 
Eustachian tube-throat deafness-paralysis of the 
auditory nerve or its pulpy extremity, or mechanical 
obstruction to the sonorous rays. In most cases the 
cause is not appreciable. D., intellect'ual, acoustic 
amnesia; condition in which, from lesion of certain DEALBATION 
portions of the brain, sounds are heard, but not ap- 
preciated. D., ner'vous, deafness dependent pri- 
marily on lesion of some part of the nervous appa- 
ratus of the ear. D., psych'ical, D., intellectual. 
D., throat, deafness dependent upon morbid condi- 
tion of the throat, especially if the Eustachian tube be 
involved. D., vas'cular, deafness dependent upon 
morbid condition of the blood-vessels, affecting those 
of the ear. D., word, a form of sensory aphasia de- 
pendent on lesion of the left temporal lobe, in which 
sounds are heard, but not understood. 
Dealbation, de-al-ba'shun. Paleness; bleaching; 
whitening of bones for anatomical purposes. 
Deambulatlo, de-am-bu-lah'she-o (de, ambulo, to 
walk). Walking. 
Dearticulatio, de-ar-tik-u-lah-she-o (de, articulus, 
joint). Diarthrosis; dislocation; disarticulation. 
Deasciatio, de-as-se-ah'she-o (de, ascia, axe). Wound 
of the skull by a cutting instrument, as a hatchet or 
axe. 
Death (Sax. Sea'S). Decease; definitive cessation 
of all the functions, the aggregate of which constitute 
life. Eeal death, apothanasia, is distinguished from 
asphyxia or apparent death, the latter being merely a 
suspension of those functions. The only certain sign 
of real death is the commencement of putrefaction. 
Death is commonly preceded by distressing symptoms 
depending on lesion of respiration, circulation, or cere- 
bral functions, and which constitute the agony of 
death. That which occurs suddenly, without any, or 
with few, precursory signs, is called sudden death, 
which is ordinarily caused by disease of the heart, 
apoplexy, rupture of an aneurism, or by some other 
organic affection. Death is natural when it occurs as 
the result of disease; violent, when produced by some 
forcible agency. It may affect the whole body or a 
part only; hence the difference between somatic and 
molecular death. The chief varieties of the modes 
of death may be thus given: 
309 
DECIDUA 
D. nervo'sa, neurasthenia; see Irritable. D. vi'sus, 
asthenopia; amblyopia. 
Debilitated, de-bil'it-a-ted. Weakened. 
Debilitating, de-bil-it-a'ting. Weakening. 
Debilita'tion. Debility; therapeutic action of de- 
bilitant medicines. 
Debility, de-bil'it-e. Weakness; atonic condition 
induced by a number of causes, and not to be con- 
founded with fatigue, which is temporary; debility is 
generally more permanent; it may be real or ap- 
parent. At the commencement of fever, for example, 
there is often a degree of apparent debility, prevent- 
ing the use of appropriate means. Excitement is 
more dangerous. See Myxcedema. D., ner'vous, neur- 
asthenia. D., spi'nal, spinal weakness. 
DGbove's forced feeding. Method of forced feed- 
ing employed in tuberculosis, in which the stomach is 
washed out with cold water, and food is introduced 
through a stomach-tube. D.'s mem'brane, subjacent 
layer of germinal cells under the epithelium, in the 
bronchi especially. 
Debridement (F.). Removal of filaments, etc. in a 
wound or abscess which prevent the discharge of pus. 
Cutting of a soft membranous or aponeurotic part 
which interferes with exercise of any organ or outlet 
of any fluid, as pus. 
Debris (F.). Refuse; remains; fragments. 
Decagramme, dek' a - gram (deka, ten, gramma, 
gramme). Weight of ten grammes, 154.34 grains 
Troy. 
Decalcified, de-kal'se-fide. Deprived of lime or cal- 
careous matter. The process is Decalcification. 
Decal'cifying fluid. Fluid, such as weak hydro- 
chloric acid, etc., used for the purpose of removing 
the lime and calcareous matter from hard tissues, 
etc., and to dissolve the cement in some tissues; em- 
ployed in preparing pathological specimens. 
Dec'alitre (F. deka, ten, litre). Ten litres, equiv- 
alent in the metric system to 610.28 English cubic 
inches. 
Decal'vant (de, calvus, bare, bald). Depilatory; 
having the property of removing hair or rendering 
bald. 
Dec'ametre (F.). Ten metres, in metric system 
equivalent to 393.704 English inches. 
Decantation, de-kan-ta'shun. Pharmaceutical opera- 
tion, consisting of pouring off gently, by inclining 
the vessel, any fluid which has a deposit. 
Decapitatio, de-kap-it-ah'she-o. Separating the 
head from the body; decollation. See Decapitation. 
D. articulo'rum or os'sium, see Resection. 
Decapita'tion (de, caput, head). Trachelotomy; 
derotomy; detruncation; decollation; embryotomy, 
with removal of the head from the body to make 
birth of the child practicable. 
Decapitator, de-kap'it-a-tor (same etymon). Sharp- 
edged hook for decapitating the foetus. 
Decarbonization (de-kar-bon-i-za'shun) or Decar- 
buration, de-kar-bu-ra'shun. Depriving any sub- 
stance of carbon, as the blood in its passage through 
the lungs. See Heematosis. 
Decay, de-ka'. Decline of health or strength; de- 
composition by putrefaction. 
Decease' (decedo, decessum, to depart). Death. 
Decephaliza'tion (de, kephale, head). Decapitation. 
Flatness of the frontal region. 
Decerebration, de - ser - e - bra' shun (de, cerebrum, 
brain). Removal of the brain-mass, as in craniotomy. 
Decerebrize, de-ser'e-brize. To remove the cer- 
ebrum. 
Decessio, de-ses'e-o. Fracture of the skull. 
Decidentia, des-id-en'she-ah (decide, to fall off). 
Fall of a patient with apoplexy or catalepsy; epi- 
lepsy ; decay or decline in health. 
Decidua (de-sid'u-ah) or D. membra'na. Deciduous 
membrane; so called on account of its being considered 
to fall oif from the uterus. The present view as to the 
decidua is as follows (Gray): The decidua is formed 
from the mucous membrane of the uterus; even be- 
fore the arrival of the fecundated ovum in the uterus 
the mucous membrane of the latter is vascular and 
Syncope (when death 
is sudden). 
Asthenia (when death 
is gradual). 
Death beginning at the heart, 
" in the lungs, Apnoea. 
" in the brain, Apoplexy. 
U ll 
' in gray mat- 
ter of the 
medulla. 
Paralysis of pneumo- 
gastrics, etc. 
" " in the blood, Necrsemia. 
As it was at one time conceived that death must com- 
mence in the heart, lungs, or brain, these organs were 
called atria mortis, the halls of death. D., appa'rent, 
asphyxia; unconsciousness; see Death. D., black, 
black plague; plague of the 14th century, which is 
supposed to have proved fatal in Europe to 25,000,000 
of people; see Fever, purpuric, malignant. D., lo'cal 
or molec'ular, gangrene; sphacelus. D. of man, Ci- 
cuta maculata. D. rate, number of deaths in a fixed 
number-as 1000-of the population ; see Mortality. 
D. rat'tle, sound produced by air passing through 
mucus which collects in the throat of a dying person. 
D., somat'ic or system'ic, suspension of life in the 
body considered separately from its parts. D. stiff- 
ening, rigor mortis. D. strug'gle, agony. D. trance, 
see Asphyxia. 
Death's herb. Atropa belladonna. 
Deauration, de-or-a'shun (deauro, to gild). Gilding, 
as of pills. 
Deaurentur pilulae, de-aur-en'tur pil'u-le (let the 
pills be gilded). Direction given in accordance with 
a former practice of coating pills with silver or gold 
leaf. 
Debilis, deb'il-is (weak). Infirm, unsteady. 
Debilitants, de-bil'it-ants (debilito, to weaken). 
Remedies exhibited for the purpose of reducing ex- 
citement, such as antiphlogistics. 
Debilitas, deb-il'it-as. Debility. D. an'imi, weak 
or ill-developed condition of the mental functions. 
D. erethis'ica, see Irritable. D. memo'rise, amnesia. DECIDUAL 
tumid, and when the ovum has reached the uterus it 
becomes imbedded in the folds of the mucous mem- 
brane, which grow up around it and finally completely 
encircle it, so as to cover it in entirely and exclude it 
from the uterine cavity. Thus two portions of the 
uterine mucous membrane (decidua) are formed-viz. 
that which coats the muscular wall of the uterus, De- 
cidua vera, and that which is reflected over the ovum, 
Decidua reflexa. The decidua vera at the os internum 
and at the openings of the Fallopian tubes is continu- 
ous with the lining membrane of these canals, the 
thickening of the original mucous membrane of the 
uterus which converts it into decidua abruptly ceasing 
at these points. The neck of the uterus after concep- 
tion is closed by a plug of mucus. The decidua vera 
is perforated by the openings formed by the enlarged 
uterine glands, which become much hypertrophied 
and developed into tortuous tubes. It contains at a 
later period numerous arteries and venous channels 
continuous with the uterine sinuses, and it is from it 
that the uterine part of the placenta is developed. 
The portion of the decidua vera which takes part 
in the formation of the placenta is called the Decidua 
serotina. The decidua reflexa is shaggy on its outer 
aspect, but smooth within. The vessels which it con- 
tains at first disappear after about the third month. 
About the fifth or sixth month the space between the 
two layers of the decidua disappears, and toward the 
end of pregnancy the decidua reflexa is transformed 
into a thin yellowish membrane which constitutes the 
external envelope of the ovum. It seems to be well 
established that every discharge of an ovum, whether 
impregnated or not, is, as a rule, accompanied by the 
formation of a decidua, and that the essence of men- 
struation consists in the separation of a decidual layer 
of the mucous membrane from the uterus, Decidua 
catamenialis or menstrualis; while in the case of preg- 
nancy there is no exfoliation of the membrane, but, 
on the contrary, it undergoes further development, as 
already described. D. catamenia'lis, see Decidua. 
D. cho'rii, D. reflexa; see Decidua. D., epicho'rial, 
D. reflexa; see Decidua. D. exter'na, D. vera; see 
Decidua. D., interu'tero-placen'tal, D. serotina; see 
Decidua. D. menstrua'lis, see Decidua membrana. D. 
o'vulae, see D. membrana. D., placen'tal, see Decidua. 
D. protru'sa, decidua reflexa. D. reflex'a, see De- 
cidua. D. serot'ina, uteri'na, or ve'ra, see Decidua. 
D. tu'nica, decidua. D. tu'nica reflex'a, D. reflexa. 
D. tu'nica u'teri, D. vera. D. u'teri or uteri'na, D. 
vera. D. ve'ra, see Decidua. 
Decidual, de-sid'u-al. Relating to, or bearing re- 
semblance to, the decidua. 
Decid'uate. Having a decidua. 
Deciduo'ma. New vascular connective-tissue 
growth in cavity of uterus, met with after abortion, 
produced by excessive development of part of de- 
cidua previously existing. 
Deciduous, de-sid'u-us (falling off). Caducous; 
shedding, as in some forms of skin disease. Relating 
to the decidua. D. cells, nucleated cells in the con- 
nective tissue and endothelial cells of lining mem- 
brane of uterus. D. endometri'tis, see Endometritis. 
D. mem'brane, decidua (membrana). D. teeth, tem- 
porary or milk-teeth; see Dentition. 
Decigramme, des'e-gram (decimus, tenth part, 
gramma, gramme). Tenth part of a gramme in weight, 
equal to a little less than two grains French, 1.543 
Troy. 
Dec'ilitre (Fr.). One-tenth of a litre, equivalent 
in metric system to 6.1 English cubic inches. 
Decimana (des-im'an-ah) (decern, ten) fe'bris. An 
intermittent whose paroxysms return every tenth 
day. 
Decimetre, des'e-me-t'r (Fr.). One-tenth of a metre, 
in metric system equivalent to 3.937 English inches. 
Declamation, dek-lam-a'shun (de, clamo, to cry out). 
Art of depicting the sentiments by inflections of the 
voice-, accompanied by gestures. It may become a 
cause of disease when carried to excess, by affecting 
the pulmonary circulation, producing pneumonia, 
haemoptysis, or apoplexy. 
310 
DECOCTUM 
Declination, dek-lin-a'shun (de, clino, to bend). 
Deviation, as from normal standard. Decline. 
Declinator, dek'lin-a-tor. Instrument for pushing 
away the dura mater in the operation of trephining. 
Decline, de-kline'. Decay, wasting. Period of a 
disorder or paroxysm at which the symptoms begin 
to abate in violence. Decline of life, or of the pow- 
ers, when the physical and moral faculties lose their 
usual activity and energy. Wasting disease, as phthi- 
sis and tabes. 
Declive, de-klive' (de, clivus, sloping). Inclined 
part of monticulus cerebelli. Depending lowest part 
of a wound or abscess. 
Decoction, de - kok' shun (decoquo, decoctum, to 
boil). Operation of boiling certain ingredients in a 
fluid, to extract the parts soluble at that temperature. 
Also product of this operation. D. of al'oes, com'- 
pound, decoctum aloes compositum. D. of bark, pale, 
see Decoctum cinchonse. D. of bark, red, see Decoctum 
cinchonse. D. of bark, yel'low, see Decoctum cinchonse. 
D. of bar'ley, decoctum hordei. D. of bar'ley, com'- 
pound, decoctum hordei compositum. D., bit'ter, 
decoctum amarum. D. of bit'tersweet, decoctum 
dulcamaras. D. of broom, decoctum scoparii. D. of 
broom, com'pound, decoctum scoparii compositum. D. 
of cabbage-tree bark, decoctum Geoflraeje inermis. 
D. of cas'sia, decoctum cassiae. D. of cham'omile, 
decoctum anthemidis nobilis. D. of cincho'na, de- 
coctum cinchonae. D. of cincho'na, com'pound lax'- 
ative, decoctum kinae-kinae compositum et laxans. 
D. of colom'ba, com/pound, decoctum colombae com- 
positum. D. of dan'delion, decoctum taraxaci. D. 
of dog'wood, decoctum cornus floridae. D. of elm 
bark, decoctum ulmi. D. of flax'seed, com'pound, 
decoctum lini compositum. D. of fox'glove, decoctum 
digitalis. D. of guai'acum, com'pound, decoctum 
guaiaci compositum. D. of guai'acum, com'pound 
pur'gative, decoctum de guyaco compositum. D. of 
harts'horn, burnt, mistura cornu usti. D. of hel'le- 
bore, white, decoctum veratri. D. of Ice'land moss, 
decoctum cetrariae. D. of lem'on, unoflicinal prepara- 
tion of fresh unpeeled lemon; is reputed to possess 
marked antiperiodic properties. D. of log'wood, de- 
coctum haematoxyli. D. of mal'low, com'pound, de- 
coctum malvae compositum. D. of marsh'mallows, 
decoctum althaeae. D. ofmeze'reon, decoctum daphnes 
mezerei. D. of oak bark, decoctum quercus. D. of 
parei'ra bra'va, decoctum pareiree. D. of pipsis'- 
sewa, decoctum chimaphilae. D. of pom'egranate 
root, D. granati radicis. D. of pop'py, decoctum 
papaveris. D. of quince seeds, decoctum cydoniae. 
D. of sarsaparil'la, decoctum sarsaparillae. D. of 
sarsaparil'la, compound, decoctum sarsaparillae com- 
positum. D. of sarsaparil'la, false, decoctum araliae 
nudicaulis. D. of sen'ega, decoctum senegae. D. of 
squill, decoctum scillae. D. of tor'mentil, decoctum 
tormentillae. D. of u'va ur'si, decoctum uvae ursi. 
D., white, mistura cornu cervi. D. of white oak 
bark, decoctum quercus. D. of the woods, decoctum 
guaiaci compositum. D. of wood'y night'shade, de- 
coctum dulcamarae. D. of Zitt'man, decoctum Zitt- 
manni. 
Decoctum, de-kok'tum. Decoction. D. al'bum, 
mistura cornu usti. D. al'oes or A. compos'itum (Ph. 
Br.), Balsam of life, Compound decoction of aloes (extract 
of licorice, carbonate of potassium, aloes, myrrh, saf- 
fron, distilled water, and compound tincture of carda- 
mom) ; gently cathartic; dose, §ij. D. althae'ae, 
Decoction or Mixture of marshmallows (althaea root, 
dry, raisins, and water); demulcent. D. ama'rum, 
Bitter decoction (gentian root, water, and bitter species); 
tonic; dose, to §ij. D. am'yli, mucilago amyli. 
D. anthem'idis no'bilis, Decoction of chamomile 
(chamomile flowers, caraway seed, and water); used 
as a vehicle for tonic powders, pills, etc., and in 
fomentations and glysters. D. ara'liae nudicaul'is, 
Decoction of false sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis and 
water); stomachic. D. cas'siae, Decoction of cassia 
(cassia pulp, water, syrup of violets, and pure manna); 
laxative in dose of f sjvj. D. cetra'riaa (Ph. U. S. and 
Br.), Decoction of Iceland moss (cetraria and water); DECOCTUM 
tonic, demulcent, and nutrient; dose, to D. 
chamseme'li, D. anthemidis nobilis. D. chimaph'- 
11 ae, Decoction of pipsissewa (chimaphila, bruised, and 
water); a pint may be given in the twenty-four hours. 
D. cincho'nse (Ph. Br.), Decoction of cinchona or of 
bark (cinchona bark, bruised, and water); it can be 
given in place of powdered bark; dose, to £iv. 
D. colom'bse compos'itum, Compound decoction of 
colomba (colomba, bruised, quassia, orange-peel, pow- 
dered rhubarb, potassium carbonate, and water); 
tonic and stomachic. D. commu'ne pro clyste're, 
D. malvse compositum. D. cor'nu cervi'ni, mistura 
cornu usti. D. cor'nus flor'idse, Decoction of dog- 
wood (dogwood, bruised, water); dose, f D. 
cydo'nise, Decoction of mucilage of quince seeds (quince 
seeds and water) ; solution of mucilage in water, 
used as a demulcent. D. daph'nes meze'rei, Decoc- 
tion of mezereon (mezereon, bruised licorice, water); 
somewhat stimulant; used in secondary syphilis; 
dose, f,?iij to §vj. D. diaphoret'icum, D. guaiaci 
compositum. D. dlgita'lis, Decoction of foxglove 
(digitalis leaves, dry, water); possesses properties of 
the plant; dose, to 3iij. D. dulcama'rse, De- 
coction of woody nightshade, D. of bittersweet (dulcama- 
ra, bruised, water); diuretic and diaphoretic, and 
administered in skin diseases. D. pro enem'ate, 
D. malvse compositum. D. pro fomen'to, D. pa- 
paveris. D. Geoffrse'se iner'mis, Decoction of cabbage- 
tree bark (Geoffrsea inermis bark, powdered, water); 
anthelmintic, purgative, and narcotic; dose, to chil- 
dren, as anthelmintic, ; to adults, to §ij. 
D. grana'ti radi'cis (Ph. Br.), Decoction of pomegranate 
root (pomegranate root and distilled water); has virtues 
of the root. D. guai'aci compos'itum or guai'aci 
offlcina'lis compos'itum, Compound decoction of guai- 
acum, Decoction of the woods (guaiacum wood shavings, 
raisins, sassafras root, licorice root, and water). Stim- 
ulant, and given in syphilitic, cutaneous, and rheu- 
matic aifections. D. guy'aco compos'itum et pur'- 
gans, Compound purgative decoction of guaiacum (guai- 
acum wood, sarsaparilla root, carbonate of potassium, 
senna leaves, rhubarb, sassafras wood, licorice root, 
coriander seeds, and water); the title indicates the 
properties of the composition. D. hsematox'yli (Ph. 
Br.), Decoction of logivood (logwood and water); 
astringent. D. helleb'ori, D. veratri. D. 
hor'dei (Ph. Br.) or hor'dei dis'tichi, Barley- 
water, Decoction of barley (barley and water); 
nutritive and demulcent; chiefly used as a com- 
mon drink and in glysters. D. hor'dei compos'- 
itum, Compound decoction of barley (decoction of barley, 
figs, licorice root, raisins, and water); similar prop- 
erties to the last. D. ki'nse ki'nse, D. cinchonas. D. 
ki'nse ki'nse compos'itum et lax'ans, Compound lax- 
ative decoction of cinchona (cinchona bark, water, sen- 
na leaves, sodium sulphate, syrup of senna); its title 
indicates its properties. D. liche'nis islan'dici, de- 
coctum cetrariae. D. ligno'rum, D. guaiaci composi- 
tuin. D. li'ni compos'itum, Compound decoction of 
flaxseed (flaxseed, licorice, and water); demulcent, 
nutritive. D. mal'vse compos'itum, Compound decoc- 
tion of mallow (mallow, dried chamomile flowers, and 
water); chiefly used for clysters and fomentations. 
D. meze'rei, D. daphnes mezerei. D. papav'eris (Ph. 
Br.), Decoction of poppy or poppies (poppy capsules and 
distilled water). It contains the narcotic principle of 
the poppy and mucilage in water; is anodyne and 
emollient, and employed as such in fomentation in 
painful swellings, ulcers, etc. D. parei'rse (Ph. Br.), 
Decoction ofpareira or pareira brava (pareira brava and 
distilled water); dose, to §ij. D. pectora'le, D. 
hordei compositum. D. polyg'alse sen'egse, 
D. senegse. D. quer'cus (Ph. Br.) or quer'cus al'bse, 
D. quer'cus ro'boris, Decoction of white oak or of white 
oak bark, D. of oak bark (oak bark and water); astrin- 
gent ; used in injections in leucorrhcea, uterine hemor- 
rhage, etc., and in fomentations to unhealthy ulcers. 
D. sar'sse (Ph. Br.) or sar'zse, decoctum sar- 
saparillse. D. sar'sse compos'itum, decoctum sarsa- 
parillae compositum. D. sarsaparil'lse, Decoction of 
sarsaparilla (sarsaparilla root and boiling distilled 
311 
DECRETORII DIES 
water); it is demulcent, and has been used in the 
sequelae of syphilis; dose, to Oss. D. sarsaparil'- 
Ise compos'itum (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Compound decoction 
of sarsaparilla (sarsaparilla, sassafras bark, guaiacum 
wood, licorice root, mezereon, and water); this is 
considered to possess analogous properties to the cele- 
brated Lisbon diet-drink, decoctum Lusitanicum, 
which it resembles in composition. D. scil'lse, Decoction 
of squill (squill, juniper, senega, spirit of nitrous ether, 
and water); dose, D. scopa'rii (Ph. Br.), Decoction 
of broom (broom, dried, distilled water). D. scopa'rii 
compos'itum, Compound decoction of broom (broom, 
juniper, taraxacum, and distilled water); dose, half 
a pint to a pint in the day; diuretic in dropsy. D. 
sen'egse, Decoction of senega or seneka (senega and 
water); diuretic, purgative, and stimulant; given in 
dropsy, rheumatism, etc. D. smi'lacis sarsaparil'lse, 
D. sarsaparilla:. D. sudorif'icum, D. guaiaci compos- 
itum. D. tarax'aci (Ph. Br.), Decoction of dandelion 
(taraxacum and distilled water); dose, D. tor- 
mentil'lse, Decoction of tormentil (tormentilia and dis- 
tilled water); dose, as an astringent, one or two fluid- 
ounces. D. ul'mi or ul'mi campes'tris, Decoction of 
elm bark (slippery elm bark and distilled water); 
diuretic, and used in lepra and herpes; dose, to 
Oss. D. u'vae ur'si, Decoction of uva ursi (uva ursi and 
water); dose, D. vera'tri, Decoction of white 
hellebore (veratrum root, water, and alcohol); stimu- 
lant, acrid, and cathartic, but used only externally. 
A useful wash in tinea capitis, psora, etc., alone or 
diluted with water. D. Zittman'ni, Zittmann's decoc- 
tion; combination of remedies extolled by Theden 
in venereal diseases, and much employed in Ger- 
many in syphilis; composed of sarsaparilla, pulvis 
stypticus, calomel, and cinnabar, boiled in water 
with aniseed, fennel seed, and licorice root. A 
stronger and a weaker decoction were directed by 
Zittmann. 
Decollation, de-kol-la'shun {de, collum, neck). De- 
capitation. Act of separating the fcetal head from 
the trunk by section of the neck, as in some cases of 
dystocia or difficult delivery. 
Decollator, de-kol-la'tor. Instrument used for de- 
collation or decapitation. 
Decolora'tio. Decoloration. D. argente'a, dis- 
coloration from therapeutic use of silver preparations; 
argyriasis. 
Decolora'tion or Discoloration, dis-kol-or-a'shun 
{de, coloro, to color). Loss of natural color. Condi- 
tion of absence of color. In pharmacy, process by 
which liquids, or solids in solution, are deprived of 
color, as by passing them through animal charcoal. 
Decolorization, de-kol-or-i-za'shun. Decoloration. 
Decombus'tion. Deoxygenation. 
Decomposition, de-kom-po-zish'un {de, compono, to 
put together). Resolution or separation of parts com- 
posing a body. Putrefaction. 
Deco-ordination, de-ko-ord-in-a'shun. Interference 
with, or cessation of, co-ordination, as of movements. 
Decortication, de-kort-i-ka'shun {de, cortex, bark). 
Operation consisting in separating the bark from 
roots, stalks, etc. Detachment of portions of enamel 
from a tooth is sometimes termed the decorticating 
process. 
Decos'tate {de, costa, rib). Without ribs. 
Decostis, de-kos'tis (same etymon). One who has 
no ribs. 
Decrement, dek're-ment {de, cresco, to grow). De- 
cline. 
Decrepit, de-krep'it {de, crepo, to creak). See De- 
crepitude. 
Decrepitation, de-krep-it-a'shun. Crepitation or 
crackling. 
Decrepitude, de-krep'it-ude. Last period of old 
age and of human life, ordinarily occurring about 
the eightieth year; but it may be accelerated or pro- 
tracted. One in this stage of existence is said to be 
Decrepit. 
Decrescentia, de-kres-sen'she-ah. Decline. 
Decretorii dies, dek-ret-o're-e de'ees (decisive days) 
Critical days. DECRUSTAT1ON 
Decrustation, de-krus-ta'shun. Removal or falling 
oil' of a crust. 
Decubation, de-ku-ba'shun. Lying down. 
Decubitus, de-ku'bit-us (decumbo, decubitum, to lie 
down). Lying down; assuming the horizontal pos- 
ture. Hora decubitus, at bed-time. Horizontal decu- 
bitus is lying in the horizontal posture, on the back 
or side. D. acu'tus, acute sloughing over the gluteal 
region from continuous position; acute bed-sore. D. 
chron'icus, bed-sore. D., dor'sal, position on the 
back in bed. D., lat'eral, position on the side in 
bed. D., prone, ster'no-cos'tal or ven'tral, position 
on the belly in bed. D., supine', D., dorsal. D. 
traumat'icus, bed-sore. 
Decum'bence, Decum'bency, or Decum'biture. 
Decubation; decubitus. 
Decum'bent. Reclining. 
Decur'sus. Duration or progress of disease. 
Decurtation, de-kur-ta'shun (de, curtus, short). 
Shortening; removal of a part. 
Decurtatus, de-kur-tah'tus (same etymon). Ap- 
plied to the pulse, it signifies progressive diminution 
in the strength of arterial pulsations, which, at last, 
cease. If the pulsations return and gradually acquire 
all their strength, it is called pulsus decurtatus recipro- 
city. 
Decurvature, de-kur'va-ture (de, curvus, curved). 
Curved downward. 
Decussate, de-kus'sate. To cross like an X. 
Decussatio, de-kus-sah'she-o. Decussation. D. 
nervo'rum optico'rum, optic commissure; chiasm. 
D. pyram'idum, see Corpora pyramidalia. D. trac'- 
tuum optico'rum, optic commissure ; chiasm. 
Decussation, de-kus-sa'shun (to cross like letter x). 
Union in the shape of an X or cross. Term used 
chiefly in the case of nerves-as decussation of optic 
nerves, which cross each other within the cranium. 
D., fountain, crossing of nerve-fibres in cortex of 
anterior corpora quadrigemina. D., infe'rior or 
mo'tor, D. of the pyramids; see Corpora pyramidalia. 
D., pin'niform, D., sensory, of pyramids. D. of the 
pyr'amids, see Corpora pyramidalia. D., sen'sory or 
supe'rior, crossing of fibres from the funiculus cunea- 
tus to the opposite side; crossing of external fasciculi 
of anterior pyramids of spinal cord. D., sen'sory, of 
the pyr'amids, crossing of nerve-fibres in the upper 
portion of the medulla oblongata, between the ante- 
rior pyramids and the floor of the fourth ventricle. 
D., tegmen'tal, D., fountain. D., up'per pyram'idal, 
D., sensory, of the pyramids. D., ven'tral, D. of the 
pyramids. 
Decussorium, de-kus-so're-um (decutio, decussum, 
to shake down). Instrument for depressing the dura 
mater and facilitating the exit of substances effused 
on or under that membrane. See Meningophylax. 
Dedentition, de-den-tish'un. Shedding of teeth; 
see Dentition. 
Dedolation, ded-o-la'shun (dedolo, to hew with an 
axe). Action by which a cutting instrument divides 
obliquely any part of the body, and produces a wound 
with loss of substance ; commonly observed in wounds 
on the head. D. cra'nii, see Dedolation. 
Deduplication, de-du-ple-ka'shun (de, priv., duplico, 
to double). Segmentation. 
Deer'balls. Elaphomyces granulatus. 
Deer'berry. Gaultheria procumbens ; Vaccinium 
stamineum. 
Deer'food. Brasenia hydropeltis or peltata. 
Deer's tears. Bezoar of the deer. 
Deer'tongue. Liatris odoratissima. 
Defsecatio, def-e-kah'she-o (de, fiex, excrement). 
Defecation. 
Defatigatio, de-fat-e-gah'she-o. Fatigue ; sensation 
of weakness and exhaustion caused by overtaxing 
the strength of the muscular or nervous system. 
Defecation, def-e-ka'shuu. Act by which excre- 
ment is extruded from the body. Feces generally 
accumulate in the colon, being prevented by the an- 
nulus at the top of the rectum from descending freely 
into that intestine. In producing evacuations, there- 
fore, in obstinate constipation, it is well, by means of 
312 
DEFLUXIO 
a long tube, to throw the injection into the colon. In 
pharmacy, defecation means separation of any sub- 
stance from a liquid in which it may be suspended. 
See Clarification. D. cen'tre, ano-spinal centre. 
Defect, de-fekt' (deficio, to be wanting). Want of 
perfectness in structure, function, or development. 
Defectio, de-fek'she-o (deficio, defectum, to forsake). 
Defect. D. an'imi, syncope D. mulie'rum, syncope. 
D. vir'ium, loss of physical power. 
Defec'tus. Defect. D. an'imi, syncope. D. ca'vi, 
absence of cavity. D. colo'ris, achromasia. D. cor'- 
dis, acardia. D. cra'nii, acrania. D. labio'rum, 
acheilia. D. lac'tis, agalactia; see Galactia. D. lo- 
que'lse, aphonia. D. mamma'rum, amazia. D. men'- 
sium, amenorrhcea. D. ven'eris, anaphrodisia. D. 
vi'tae, abiosis. D. volunta'tis, abulia. D. vul'vse, 
atresia of vulva. 
Defensi'vum (defendo, to defend). Preservative or 
defensive, as local applications to diseased parts to 
guard them from the impression of extraneous bodies, 
and particularly from the contact of air. 
Deferens (def'er-ens) vas (carrying away). Sper- 
matic duct; spermiduct. Excretory canal of the 
sperm, arising from the epididymis, describing nu- 
merous convolutions, and with the vessels and nerves 
of the testicles concurring in the formation of the 
spermatic cord, entering the abdominal ring, and 
terminating in the ejaculatory duct. 
Deferent, def'er-ent. Relating to vas deferens; 
carrying away from a part, as ducts carrying semen 
from the testicles. 
Deferen'tial. Deferent. D. ar'tery, artery of vas 
deferens. 
Deferentitis, def-er-en-te'tis. Inflammation of the 
vas deferens. 
Defervescence, de-fer-ves'sence (de, fervesco, to grow 
hot). Declination of morbidly elevated temperature 
of the body in fever toward the natural standard. 
Deflbrinated, de-fi'brin-a-ted (de, fibrin). Deflbrin- 
ized. 
Defibrination, de-fi-brin-a'shun. See Defibrinized. 
Defibrinized, de-fi'brin-ized. Deflbrinated; de- 
prived of fibrin. Term applied to blood from which 
the fibrin has been removed, as by whipping. The 
act of removing fibrin from the blood has been termed 
defibrination. 
Defiguration, de-fig-u-ra'shun (de, figure, to shape). 
Deformation. 
Definition, def-in-ish'un. Power of an object-glass 
to bring out upon the field of a microscope a sharp 
image of the object looked at. 
Defixus, de-fix'us. Impotent. 
Deflagration, def-lag-ra'shun (deflagro, to set on 
fire). In pharmacy, the rapid combustion of a sub- 
stance with flame, great elevation of temperature, 
violent motion, and more or less noise, as in deflagra- 
tion of the nitrate and the chlorate of potassium, 
of gunpowder, etc. 
Defiectens, de-flek'tens (de, flecto, to bend). Bend- 
ing from a definite course; derivative. 
Deflec'tion or Deflex'ion. Derivation ; act of bend- 
ing from a definite course. Flexion, as of the uterus. 
Restoration of flexion of head of foetus during deliv- 
ery. 
Defloration, de-flo-ra'shun (defloresco, to deflower). 
Depucelation, Depudication, Devirgination. Act of de- 
priving a female of her virginity. Inspection is the 
chief criterion of defloration having been forcibly 
accomplished, but injury may have been caused by 
another body than the male organ. See Shiprum. 
Deflow'ered. Deprived of virginity. 
Defluvium, de-flu've-um (de, fluo, to flow). Emana- 
tion, effluvium, contagium. D. capillo'rum, alopecia; 
loss of hair. D. pilo'rum, alopecia. 
Defluxio, de-flux'e-o. Catarrh; defluxion; diarrhoea; 
fever with mucous discharge. D. capillo'rum, fall- 
ing out of the hair as a result of independent disease; 
also Alopecia. D. catarrha'lis, influenza. D. cilio'- 
rum, falling out of eyelashes: madarosis. D. dysen- 
te'ria, dysentery. D. supercilio'rum, falling out of 
the eyebrows. DEFLUXION 
Defluxion, de-flux'yun. Flowing down; inflamma- 
tion. 
Defluxus dysentericus, de-flux'us dis-en-ter'ik-us. 
Dysentery. 
Defoedatio (def-e-dah'she-o) (de, foedus, dirty) or De- 
generatio unguium, de-gen-er-ah'she-o un'gwe-um. 
Defcedation or degeneration of the nails. Morbid 
condition in which the nails are discolored and horny. 
Deformed, de-formd'. Having an unnatural form. 
Defor'mans. Deforming, as arthritis deformans. 
Deforma'tion (de, forma, form). Production of 
morbid alteration in some part of the body, as dis- 
figuration or deformity. 
Deform'itas. Deformity; it is variously called D. 
defectiva, D. excessiva, D. translatitia, and D. unitoruyi, 
according as the parts are defective, in excess, dis- 
placed, or united with other parts. See Deformation. 
D. colo'ris, naevus. 
Deform'ity. Morbid alteration in form of some 
part of the body, as the head, pelvis, spine, etc. See 
Deformitas, Monstrosity, Monster, etc. 
Defurfuration, de-fur-fur-a'shun (de, furfur, bran). 
Branny desquamation. 
Defusion, de-fu'zhun (de, fundo, fusum, to pour). 
Decantation. 
Degeneracy, de-jen'er-a-se. Change to an inferior 
type or plane. See Degeneration. 
Degeneratio, de-gen-er-ah'she-o. Degeneration. D. 
adipo'sa cor'dis, steatosis cordis. D. a. re'nis, kid- 
ney, fatty degeneration of. D. fibro'sa re'nis, kid- 
ney, fibroid degeneration of. D. hep'atis adipo'sa, 
fatty degeneration of the liver. D. h. larda'cea, liver, 
albuminous. D. larda'cea, see Lardaceous. D. un'- 
guium, defoedatio unguium. 
Degeneration, de-jen-er-a'shun (de, genus, family or 
kind). Change for the worse-degradation-in the 
intimate composition of the solids or fluids of the 
body; metamorphosis. In pathological anatomy, de- 
generation or degenerescence means the change occur- 
ring in the structure of an organ, when transformed 
into fat, for example, or into matter essentially mor- 
bid, as cancerous or tubercular degeneration. To be 
a true degeneration, chemical change must take place 
and the tissue become changed into a lower and sim- 
pler form. In other forms the fibrous tissue may in- 
crease abnormally at the expense of the parenchyma, 
or some foreign substance may be infiltrated in a tis- 
sue, as in amyloid degeneration, or calcareous matter 
may be deposited in it, as in atheroma. Necrobiosis 
is employed in a similar signification and for morbid 
metamorphosis in general. Also loss of properties cha- 
racteristic of a race. D., acute fat'ty, acute yellow 
atrophy of the liver of lying-in women; foot-halt of 
young horses. D., ad'ipose, D., fatty. D., albu'mi- 
noid, D., amyloid. D., albu'minous, albuminous in- 
filtration. D., am'yloid, see Lardaceous. D., atherom'- 
atous, see Atheroma. D., ba'cony, see Lardaceous. 
D., black, melanosis; anthracosis. D., calca'reous, 
see Calcareous and Cretefaction. D., ca'seous, casea- 
tion. D., cell'ulose, see Lardaceous. D., chees'y, 
caseation. D., choles'terine, see Lardaceous. D., 
col'loid, see Colloid and Lardaceous. D., cys'tic, for- 
mation of cysts in any organ, or of a tumor which is 
a large cyst; vesicular mole. D., cys'toid, of ret'ina, 
form of oedema of that membrane. D., descending 
sec'ondary, D. of nerve-fibres in a downward direc- 
tion, caused by detachment from their centre of 
nourishment. D., earth'y, D., calcareous; cretefac- 
tion; calcification. D., fascic'ular, atrophy of par- 
alyzed muscles from lesion of nervous centres. D., 
fat'ty, fatty metamorphosis; conversion of a sub- 
stance, as muscle, into fat. D., f., of the heart, see 
Steatosis cordis D., fi'broid, transformation into sub- 
stance having appearance of fibres; see Fibroid. D., 
fi'brous, this is not a true degeneration, being an in- 
crease of the normal fibrous tissue of a part or organ 
by the action of a chronic irritant; see also Fibroma. 
D., gelat'iniform, see Colloid. D., gran'ular, form of 
tissue-metamorphosis characterized by deposit of mi- 
nute albuminous particles. D., g., of the kid'ney, 
kidney, Bright's disease of the. D., gray, change re- 
313 
I DEITERS 
suiting in nervous tissue from chronic inflammation. 
D., g., of spi'nal cord, ataxy, locomotor. D., hy'a- 
line, formation of homogeneous fibroid tissue, usually 
in the ovary, and probably caused by chronic neurotic 
irritation; it is also met with in sarcomatous growths, 
tuberculosis of the lungs, etc. D., hy'aloid, see Lar- 
daceous. D., larda'ceous, see Lardaceous. D., lique- 
fac'tive, see lAquefactive. D. of the liv'er, see Adiposis 
hepatica. D., min'eral, see Cretefaction. D., mu'- 
coid or myxom'atous, jelly-like alteration in connec- 
tive tissue. D., ossif'ic, ossification. D., pig'ment- 
ary, see Pigmentation. D., pu'trid, hospital gangrene. 
D., Quain's, cardiac cirrhosis; fibroid degeneration 
of the heart; see Quain. D., the'roid, mental degenera- 
tion to a level almost of that of brutes. D., urat'ic or 
u'ric, condition characterized by deposits of uric acid 
or urates. D., Vir'chow's, see Lardaceous. D., vit'- 
reous, see Lardaceous. D., Walle'rian, adipose de- 
generation in the peripheral part of a mixed nerve, 
after division of the nerve. D., wax'y, see Larda- 
ceous. 
Degenerescence, de-jen-er-es'sence. Degeneration. 
Deglutination, de-glu-ten-a'shun (de, gluten, glue). 
Separation of parts naturally associated together by 
destruction of connective tissue uniting them, as in 
case of burns, etc. 
Deglutitio, deg-lu-tish'e-o. Deglutition. D. diffic'- 
ilis, impedi'ta, or Ise'sa, difficulty of swallowing. 
Deglutition, deg-lu-tish'un (de, glutio, to swallow). 
Act by which substances are passed from the mouth 
into the stomach through the pharynx and oesopha- 
gus ; the first step is voluntary, the remainder exe- 
cuted under spinal and involuntary nervous influence. 
D. cen'tre, centre in medulla oblongata supposed to 
control deglutition. D., difficult, dysphagia. D. 
pneumo'nia, condition due to loss of sensitiveness 
of the larynx, in which nourishment or drink enter 
into the larynx and the bronchial tubes and give 
rise to inflammation. 
Deg'mus (dakno, to bite). A bite, in general; gnaw- 
ing sensation in the stomach. 
De Graaf, follicles of. See Follicles. 
Degradation, deg-ra-da'shun (degredior, to descend). 
Degeneration; progress toward an inferior type or 
plane. 
Degree, de-gree'. Title conferred by a college, as 
the degree of doctor of medicine; generally after a 
certain period of attendance at a college and on its 
lectures; at others, in absentia; and at others, causd 
honoris. Degree was formerly used to indicate the 
qualities of certain drugs. The term is sometimes used 
to indicate intensity of an affection, as a burn; par- 
ticular stage of an incurable disease; graded divis- 
ion, as on a thermometric scale, etc. 
Degusta/tion (de, gusto, to taste). Gustation ; ap- 
preciation of sapid qualities by the gustatory organs. 
Dehis'cence (dehisco, to break open in chinks). 
Separation of a shut organ along the line of union; 
regular and determinate separation, or even bursting 
open, taking place in a shut organ, as in the bursting 
of a Graafian follicle. 
Dehiscen'tia. Dehiscence. 
Dehumaniza'tlon. Loss of usual characteristics of 
a human being. 
Dehydra'tion (de, hudor, water). Loss or abstrac- 
tion of water from a chemical substance or com- 
pound. 
Dehydrodimethylphenylpy'razine. Antipyrine. 
Deicticus dike'tik-us (deiknumi, to point out). In- 
dex finger. 
Del'ra or Dei/re. Neck. 
Deiron''cus (deire, neck, onkos, swelling). Bron- 
chocele. 
Dei'ters, cells of. Epithelial cells on basilar mem- 
brane and outer hair-cells of organ of Corti; cells 
like those of connective tissue in central nervous 
system. D., nu'cleus of, auditory nuclei. D., pha- 
lan'ges of, structures forming reticular lamina of 
Corti. D., pro'cesses of, axis-cylinder process. Of the 
various processes proceeding from a nerve-cell, Dei- 
ters discovered that one, the nerve process, keeps on DEJECTA 
its course without division, while the others-proto- 
plasma, protoplasmic, or ramified processes-undergo 
frequent subdivision. D., ter'minal frames of, plates 
in reticular lamina of organ of Corti, connecting the 
external phalanges with Hensen's cells. 
Dejec'ta. Alvine evacuations. 
Deject'edness. Depression. 
Dejec'tio. Dejection. D. al'vi or alvi'na, excre- 
ment; defecation. D. an'imi, dejection. 
Dejec'tion {dejicio, dejectum, to cast down). Expul- 
sion of the feces; fecal discharge or stool; passage, 
evacuation, or movement; depression of spirits. 
Dejectio'nes ni'grae (black dejections). Melsena. 
Dejecto'rium. Cathartic. 
Deka'mali. Resinous exudation from Gardenia 
lucida, used in E. Indies in dyspepsia. 
Delacryma'tion {de, lacryma, tear) Epiphora. 
Delacrymati'vus. See Apodacrytic. 
Delacta'tion. Weaning; stoppage of lactation. 
Delamina'tion. Splitting into layers ; development 
of ectoderm by detachment from yelk over whole 
extent of ovum. 
Delap'sion {de, labi, lapsus, to fall). Slight pro- 
lapsus uteri. 
Delap'sus. Prolapsus. D. pal'pebrae, falling down 
of the upper lid; see Blephar optosis. 
Dela'tio {defero, delatum, to announce). Indi- 
cation. 
Delete'rious {deleo, to injure). Pernicious, noxious; 
that which produces destructive disorder in the exer- 
cise and harmony of the functions; poisonous. 
Delete'rium. Poison. 
Del'hi boil. Inveterate cutaneous affection, prev- 
alent at Delhi in India, which assumed the form of a 
boil, ulcerating afterward, and forming the Delhi 
ulcer; it is called there Arungzebe, owing to the em- 
peror of that name having died with it. D. sore or 
ul'cer, see Delhi boil. 
De'lia. Artemisia vulgaris. 
Deliga'tio. Deligation; ligature; see Bandage. 
Deligation, del-ig-a'shun {deligo, deligatum, to bind). 
Deligation of wounds formerly embraced the appli- 
cation of apparatus, dressings, etc. Deligator plagarum 
was synonymous with Medicus vulnerarius, and, in 
derivation, with the Wundarzt, wound physician or 
surgeon of the Germans. 
Deligatura, de-lig-at-u'rah. Deligation. 
Delimitation, de-lim-it-a'shun. Term used in phys- 
ical diagnosis to designate the finding out and limit- 
ing the boundaries of organs. 
Deliquesce, del-i-kwes'. To become liquid by at- 
tracting moisture. 
Deliquescent, del-i-kwes'ent {deliquesco, to melt, 
to dissolve). Any salt becoming liquid by attracting 
moisture from the air. Deliquescent salts require to 
be kept in bottles well stopped. Chloride of lime, 
acetate of potassium, and carbonate of potassium are 
examples of such salts. 
Deliquium animi, de-lik'we-um an'im-e {delinquo, 
to fail). Syncope. 
Deliramentum, del-ir-am-en'tum. Delirium. 
Delirans, del-e'rans. Delirious. 
Deliratio, del-ir-ah'she-o. Delirium. D. se'num or 
seni'lis, senile insanity ; dotage. 
Deliria, del-ir'e-ah. Insanity. 
Deliriant, de-lir'e-ant. Causing delirium. 
Delirious, de-lir'e-us. Attended by delirium. Rav- 
ing. One in a state of delirium. 
Delirium, del-ir'e-um (perhaps from de, lira, ridge 
between two furrows; more probably from de, lerema, 
silly saying or action). Ravery, Roving, Transport; 
straying from rules of reason; wandering of the 
mind. Delirium is usually symptomatic. D., acute, 
sudden attack of acute delirious mania. D. alcohol'- 
icum, D. tremens. D., chron'ic, insanity. D. ebrios- 
ita'tis or ebrioso'rum, delirium of drunkenness, also 
D. tremens. D., epilep'tic, see Epilepsy. D. fe'rox, 
D. attended with violent excitement. D. furio'- 
sum or furibun'dum, mania. D. of gran'deur, form 
of delirium in which there exist in the patient's mind 
absurd and exalted ideas of his social standing, in- 
314 
t DELPHINIUM 
fluence, and power. D. mani'acale or mani'acum, 
mania. D. melanchol'icum, melancholia. D. mi'te, 
quiet mental wandering with muttering. D. nervo'- 
sum, D. from alcohol or psychic causes, or follow- 
ing surgical operations; also form of delirium ac- 
companying nervous lesions. D. palingnos'ticum, 
delusional insanity, the patient believing that he has 
been a long time in a spot to which he has but re- 
cently come. D. of persecution, delirium in which 
the patient imagines himself under surveillance and 
subject to persecutions. D. a or e potu or potato'- 
rum, D. tremens. D. seni'le, see Dementia. D., sen- 
so'rial, D. from or with hallucinations. D. traumat'- 
icum, delirium from wounds, surgical or other, espe- 
cially when associated in sufferers with alcoholism. 
D. tre'mens, Mania a potu; state of delirium and 
agitation-often termed the horrors and horrors of 
drink-peculiar to those addicted to spirituous liquors, 
with great sleeplessness. It is preceded by indisposi- 
tion, lassitude, watchfulness, headache, and anorexia, 
the delirium and tremors, Tremor potatorum, most 
commonly recurring in paroxysms. It is caused by 
the habitual and intemperate use of ardent spirits or 
of opium or tobacco, or by abandoning them after 
prolonged use. Treatment is various. Many have 
regarded stimulants, with large doses of opium to 
induce rest, to be indispensable. The expectant sys- 
tem, with large doses of potassium bromide and chloral, 
will often, if not generally, be successful; and it is 
probable that a cure effected in this manner will be 
more permanent than when produced by excitants. 
D. tremifa'ciens, D. tremens. D. verbo'rum, D. with 
marked loquaciousness. 
Delirus, del-e'rus. Delirious. 
Delitescence, del-it-es'sence (delitesco, to abscond, 
to lie hid). Sudden disappearance, as of a disease. 
See Repercussion and Ballottement. 
Delitescentia, del-it-es-sen'she-ah. See Repercus- 
sion. 
Deliver, de-liv'ur (de, libero, to set free). To put to 
bed; to disburden of a child. 
Deliv'erance. Extrusion of the secundines, either 
spontaneously or by the efforts of art. This comple- 
tion of delivery is produced by the same laws as the 
expulsion of the foetus. Sometimes the after-birth 
follows the child immediately ; at others it is retained, 
and requires manual interference to remove it. The 
latter procedure has been practised in intimate adhe- 
sion between the placenta and parietes of the uterus; 
in spasmodic contraction of the orifice of the uterus; 
in hour-glass contraction; in torpor or hemorrhage 
after the expulsion of the child; and in the insertion 
of the placenta at the orifice of the uterus. 
Delivery, de-liv'ur-e. Parturition. D., false, water 
which sometimes collects between the amnion and 
chorion, and is commonly discharged before the birth 
of the child. 
Delocatio, del-o-kah'she-o (de, locus, place). Luxa- 
tion. 
Delomorphous, del-o-mor'fus (delos, visible, morphe, 
shape). Term applied to large cells easily seen in 
the secreting portion of peptic glands. 
Delove's method. Operation for surgical fractur- 
ing of the bone in genu valgum. 
Delpech's operation. Ligation of axillary artery 
through space between pectoralis major and deltoid 
muscles. 
Delphia, del'fe-ah. See Delphinium staphisagria. 
Delphinia, del-fin'e-ah. See Delphinium staphisagria. 
Del'phinine hydrochlo'ride. Compound of del- 
phinine and hydrochloric acid; has been employed 
in medicine. 
Delphinium, del-fin'e-um (delphis or delphin, dol- 
phin, which the flowers resemble) consol'ida or 
seg'etum, delphinium; Branching larkspur, Stagger- 
weed, ord. Eanunculacete. Has been employed as 
a vermifuge. The flowers have been used in oph- 
thalmia, and the seeds have the same property as 
those of stavesacre. D. staphisa'gria, systematic 
name of Stavesacre, Staphisagria; seeds, Staphisagria 
(Ph. U. S. and Br.), are cathartic, emetic, and DELPHINOIDINE 
vermifuge. Owing, however, to the violence of 
their operation, they are seldom given internally, 
and are chiefly used pulverized, mixed with hair 
powder, to destroy lice. A very poisonous alka- 
loid of this plant has been separated and received 
the name of Delphinia, Delphia, or Delphinine; has 
been used like veratria in tic douloureux, paralysis, 
and rheumatism.' Used in the form of ointment or 
in solution in alcohol applied externally. D. ver- 
sic'olor, delphinium. 
Delphinoidine, del-fin-o'id-een. Amorphous alka- 
loid separable from Delphinium staphisagria. 
Delphinus giobiceps, del-fe'nus glo'be-seps. See 
Acidurn valerianicum. 
Delphisine, del'fis-een. Crystallizahle alkaloid ob- 
tained from seeds of Delphinium staphisagria. 
Delphys, del'fis (delphus). Uterus; vulva. 
Delta, del'tah (like the Greek letter a). Vulva. 
D. for'nicis {fornix, arch or vault), triangular space 
of lower surface of fornix over foramen commune 
anterius. 
Deltiformis, del-te-for'mis {delta (a), forma, shape). 
Deltoid. 
Deltoid, del'toid {delta {A), eidos, resemblance). Tri- 
angular muscle forming the fleshy part of the shoul- 
der and covering the shoulder-joint; extends from 
the outer third of the clavicle, from the acromion 
and spine of the scapula, to near the middle and outer 
part of the os humeri, where it is inserted by means 
of a strong tendon. This muscle raises the arm di- 
rectly upward when the shoulder is fixed, and carries 
it anteriorly or posteriorly, according to the direction 
of the fibres which are thrown into action. If the 
arm be rendered immovable, the deltoid acts inversely 
and depresses the shoulder. The term deltoid is also 
applied to process or sheath covering the muscle, del- 
toid aponeurosis or fascia; to the artery, branch of 
acromio-thoracic, descending between the deltoid and 
pectoralis major muscles, deltoid artery. D. impres'- 
sion, rough surface furnishing attachment to the 
deltoid muscle on the external side of the humerus. 
D. lig'ament, internal lateral ligament of the ankle, 
so called from its shape. D. ridge, deltoid impres- 
sion. D. tu'bercle, eminence to which deltoid muscle 
is attached on the clavicle. 
Deltoi'deus. Deltoid. D. accesso'rius, independ- 
ent muscular fascicle originating in base of acromion 
between deltoid and subscapularis, and inserted either 
on the capsule of the shoulder-joint or humerus be- 
tween the deltoid and triceps. 
Del'to-spina'lis. Muscle formed by separation of 
the fibres of the deltoid which are attached to the 
spine of the scapula. 
Deluge, del'uje {diluo, to wash away). Shower bath; 
douche. 
Delusion, de-lu'zhun. Hallucination. D. of gran'- 
deur, exaltation of ideas, noticed particularly in 
mania, paretic dementia, etc. 
Delu'sional insanity. Insanity occurring after 
fever, particularly typhoid fever, considered to be 
due to impaired nutrition and exhaustion of the 
nervous centres. 
Demagnetization, de-mag-net-i-za'shun. Act of re- 
moving the condition of magnetization. 
Demanus, de'man-us {de, manus, hand). Without a 
hand. 
Demarcation. Boundary line. Line of demarcation, 
in surgery, denotes a line along which the dead and 
living parts touch. 
Demented, de-men'ted. Insane. See Dementia. 
Dementia, de-men'she-ah {de, mens, mind or reason). 
Incoherency, Imbecility, Incoherent insanity. In com- 
mon parlance, and even in legal language, this word 
is synonymous with insanity. Physicians, however, 
have applied it to cases of unsound mind character- 
ized by a total loss of the faculty of thought, or by 
such imbecility of intellect that the ideas are ex- 
tremely incoherent, there being at the same time a 
total loss of the reasoning power. Mania and mel- 
ancholy are apt to end in this, if possible, more de- 
plorable state. Dotage is the dementia of the aged. 
315 
DEMULCENTS 
Senile insanity, Senile dementia, Insanity of the aged is a 
form of insanity in which there is hopeless decad- 
ency or loss of the mental faculties. D. accidenta'lis, 
see Lunatic. D. advent!'tia, see Lunatic. D. agita'ta, 
D. with occasional attacks of excitement. D. alco- 
hol'ica, D. from abuse of alcohol. D. apoplec'tica, 
D. as a result of apoplectic attack. D. chore'ica, D. 
as a result of chorea. D., chron'ic, D., secondary. 
D. congen'ita, idiocy. D. epilep'tica, D. as a sequel 
of epilepsy. D. natura'lis, idiotism. D. organ'ica, 
D. from various forms of change of structure of the 
brain. D. paralyt'ica, general paralysis of the insane. 
D. paret'ica, general paralysis of the insane. D., 
pri'mary, D. in young persons not mentally strong, 
usually due to mental shock. D., secondary or 
sequential, D. consequent on acute attacks; a form 
largely represented in hospitals for the insane. D. 
seni'lis, D. of old age. D. tox'ica, D. from abuse of 
alcohol, opium, hemp, etc., or from lead-poisoning. 
Demephitize, de-mef'it-ize (de, mephitis, bad smell). 
To destroy foulness in the atmosphere. 
Demerara (dem-e-rah'rah) pink. Spigelia anthel- 
mintica. 
Demesmerize, de-mes'mer-ize. To restore a person 
who has been under the influence of mesmerism to 
his normal condition. 
Demi-aponeuroticus, dem'e-ap-on-u-rot'ik-us. Semi- 
membranosus. 
Demi-ar'cades. Arches of branches of renal artery 
in the kidney. 
Demi-interos'seus. Flexor brevis pollicis. 
Demi-membranosus, dem'e-mem-bran-o'sus. Semi- 
membranosus. 
Demi-monstros'ity. Condition in which only par- 
tial malformation exists. 
Demi-nervosus, dem' e - net - vo' sus. Semi-mem- 
branosus. 
Demi-orbicularis, dem'e-or-bik-u-lar'is. Each half 
of the orbicularis oris muscle may be so called. 
Demissio animi, de-mis'se-o an'e-me (demitto, de- 
missum, to lower). Depression. 
Demissor, de-mis'sor. Catheter. 
Demi-tendinosus, dem'e-ten-din-o'sus. Semi-ten- 
dinosus. 
Demodex folliculorum, dem-o-deks fol-lik-u-lo'rum 
(demos, fat, dex, boring worm). Acarus folliculo- 
rum. 
Demography, de-mog'ra-fe (demos, people, grapho, 
to write). Study of population in its various aspects. 
Demo'nia. Demonomania. 
Demonolatry, de-mon-ol'at-re. Worship of demons. 
Demonomania, de-mon-o-ma'ne-ah (daimon, demon, 
spirit of good or evil, mania, madness). Variety of 
madness in which the person conceives himself pos- 
sessed of devils, and is in continual dread of malig- 
nant spirits, the pains of hell, etc. Also religious in- 
sanity. 
Demonopathy, de-mon-op'ath-e (daimon, demon, 
pathos, affection). Demonomania. 
Demonstrator, dem'on-stra-tor (demonstro, to ex- 
hibit). One who exhibits. Index finger; see Digitus. 
D. of anat'omy, one who exhibits the parts of the 
human body; teacher of practical anatomy. 
Demotivus lapsus, de-mo-te'vus lap'sus (demoveo, 
to move off, remove, lapsus, a fall). Sudden death. 
Demours, mem'brane of. See Aqueous humor. 
Demulcents, de-mul'sents '(demulceo, to assuage). 
Medicines supposed to be capable of correcting cer- 
tain acrid conditions imagined to exist in the humors. 
Substances of a mucilaginous or saccharine nature 
belong to this class. Demulcents may act directly on 
the parts with which they come in contact; but in 
other cases, as in catarrh, their effect is produced by 
contiguous sympathy, the top of the larynx being 
soothed by them first, and indirectly the inflamed por- 
tion of the air-passages. In diseases of the urinary 
organs they have no advantage over simple diluents. 
Some demulcents are also emollients, but the former 
are generally considered as applicable to mucous 
membranes, the latter to the skin. See Diluents and 
Emollients. DEMUSCULATUS 
Demusculatus, de-mus-ku-lah'tus {de, musculus, mus- 
cle). Emaciated ; devoid of flesh. 
Denari's method. Operation for uniting a divided 
intestine, including the introduction of cylinders of 
metal into the bowel. 
Denarcotize, de-nar'kot-ize. To deprive of narcotin. 
Denarcotized (de-nar'kot-ized) opium. Powdered 
opium freed from constituents soluble in ether. Nar- 
cotin and other constituents have thus been extracted 
and the residuum brought with sugar of milk to 14 
per cent, morphine strength. 
Denarius, den-ah're-us {deni, ten). Roman coin, 
equal in value to about 10 cents, or 8 pence English. 
Was marked with the letter X to signify 10 asses; 
also the seventh part of the Roman ounce. 
Dendritic, den-drit'ik {dendron, tree). Tree-shaped; 
villous. D. vegeta'tion, see Cancer, villous. 
Dendrolibanus, den-dro-lib'an-us {dendron, tree, li- 
banos, frankincense). Rosmarinus. 
Denervatio, de-ner-vah'she-o {de, nervus, tendon). 
Aponeurosis. 
Dengue, den'ghu (Spanish name). Dingee, Dunga, 
Dandy, Bouquet or Bucket fever, Eruptive articular fever, 
E. rheumatic fever, Breakbone, Neuralgic, Solar, or Sun 
fever. Disease which first appeared in the years 1827 
and 1828 in the West Indies and in the Southern 
States of North America; was extremely violent in 
its symptoms, but not often fatal. It usually com- 
menced with great languor, chilliness, and pain in 
the tendons about the smaller joints. To these symp- 
toms succeeded burning heat and redness of the skin, 
pains in the muscles of the limbs or in the forehead, 
with vomiting or nausea. The fever continued for 
one, two, or three days, and usually terminated by 
copious perspiration. In different places it put on 
different appearances, but seems in all to have been 
a singular variety of rheumatic fever. The usual 
antiphlogistic treatment was adopted, and success- 
fully. See Acrodynia. 
Denguis, den'gwis. Dengue. 
Denidation, den'id-a-shun {de, from, nidus, nest). 
Dislodgment of epithelium during menstruation. 
Denigratio, den-ig-rah'she-o {denigro, to become 
black). The act of becoming black, as in cases of 
sphacelus, suggillation, etc. 
Denonvillier's operation. Rhinoplastic operation 
for the formation of a new ala of the nose, consisting 
in cutting a triangular flap with a peduncle from the 
intact side of the nose above the defective ala. 
Dens. Tooth ; see Axis. D. acu'tus, incisor tooth. 
D. angula'ris, canine tooth. D. bicuspida'tus, molar 
tooth. D. bucca'lis, premolar tooth. D. cani'nus or 
cuspida'tus, canine tooth. D. clava'lis, molar tooth. 
D. columella'ris, canine tooth. D. cto'nes, incisive 
teeth. D. decid'uus, milk tooth. D. epistroph'ei, see 
Odontoid. D. incisi'vus, incisor tooth. D. infanti'lis 
or lac'teus, milk tooth. D. lania'rius, canine tooth. 
D. leo'nis, Leontodon taraxacum. D. maxilla'ris, 
molar tooth. D. mola'ris ante'rior or mi'nor, pre- 
molar tooth. D. mola'ris ma'jor, poste'rior, ve'rus, 
multicuspid'atus, true molar teeth. D. ocula'ris, 
eye tooth. D. opsig'onus, see Dentition. D. premola'- 
ris, premolar tooth; incisor tooth. D. pro'lifer, 
term used by Bartholin for a supernumerary tooth 
which appears to grow upon a primitive or parent 
tooth. D. rasor'ius, incisor tooth. D. saphronis'- 
ter, saphroret'icus, sapien'tise, or sophronis'tus, 
third molar or wisdom tooth. D. serot'inus, perma- 
nent tooth. D. tom'icus, incisive tooth. 
Densimeter, den-sim'et-ur {densus, dense, metron, 
measure). Areometer; instrument for determining 
specific gravity of any kind. 
Dentagogum, dent-ag-o'gum {dens, ago, to expel). 
Tooth-forceps. 
Dentagra, dent'ah-grah {dens, agra, seizure). Tooth- 
forceps ; toothache. 
Dental, den't'l. Concerning the teeth;. see Denti- 
for mis. D. arch'es, arches formed by the range of 
alveoli in each jaw. D. ar'teries are those which 
nourish the teeth. They proceed from several sources. 
The teeth of the upper jaw, e. g., receive their arteries 
316 
DENTATE 
from the infraorbitar and superior alveolar, them- 
selves branches of the internal maxillary. The teeth 
of the lower jaw receive their branches from the in- 
ferior dental or inferior maxillary, which is given off 
by the internal maxillary, and runs through the den- 
tal canal, issuing at the dental foramen, after having 
given numerous ramifications to the teeth and jaw. 
D. canals', Maxillary canals; bony canals through 
which the vessels and nerves pass to the interior of 
the teeth. D. cartilage, cartilaginous elevation, 
divided by slight fissures, on the biting margins of 
the gums in infants prior to dentition; is a substitute 
for the teeth. D. cav'ity, cavity in the interior of 
the teeth, in which is situate the dental pulp; see 
Tooth. D. ex'cavator, instrument for the removal of 
the decayed part of a tooth preparatory to filling it. 
D. follicle, membranous follicle, formed of double 
lamina, in which the teeth are contained before they 
issue from the alveoli, and which, consequently, aids 
in the formation of the alveolo-dental periosteum 
and of the membrane that envelops the pulp of the 
teeth. Dental follicles are lodged in the substance 
of the jaws. D. fora'men, orifice of dental canal on 
ramus of jaw. D. gan'grene, gangrene or caries of 
the teeth; see Caries. D. germ, germ of a tooth. D. 
groove, see Groove, dental. D. machine, light-running 
instrument, consisting of stand, wheel, and pulley 
and a treadle, by means of which the operator im- 
parts rotary motion to various tools for removing 
caries and for cleansing surface of teeth. D. nerves, 
nerves which pass to the teeth. Those of the upper 
incisors and canines are furnished by the infraor- 
bitar nerve, a branch of the superior maxillary, 
and those of the molars by the trunk of the same 
nerve ; the teeth of the lower jaw receive the nerves 
from the inferior maxillary, which, as well as the su- 
perior maxillary, arises from the fifth pair. D. pa- 
pil'lse, elevations in dental groove for development 
of the teeth. D. plex'uses, communications formed 
by looped anastomoses of dental nerves in the maxil- 
lary bones. D. pro'cess, alveolar process. D. pulp, 
pulp of the tooth ; pultaceous substance of a reddish- 
gray color, very soft and sensitive, which fills the cav- 
ity of the teeth; well supplied with capillary vessels; 
it has been described as a special tissue with the epi- 
thet phanerogenous or phanerophorous; see Phaneroge- 
nous. D. sac, part of dental groove investing papilla 
and teeth before eruption. D. sur'geon, dentist. D. 
sur'gery, see Surgery. D. tu'buli, minute wavy and 
branching tubes, seen microscopically, which make 
up the ivory or dentine. D. veins have a similar dis- 
tribution with the arteries. 
Dentalis, den-tal'is. Odontoid. D. for'fex, dent- 
agra. 
Dentalium, den-tai'e-um. Genus of shells in the 
shape of a tooth; formerly entered into several phar- 
maceutical preparations, but were useless ingredients, 
consisting, like shells in general, of carbonate of lime 
and gelatin. 
Dentaphone, den'ta-fone (dens, phone, sound). A 
box like a large watch with a diaphragm and a cord 
attached connected with a mouth-piece; through the 
latter, held between the teeth, vibrations are trans- 
mitted through the cranial wall to the auditory 
nerve. 
Dentaria, den-tah're-ah. Anthemis pyrethrum, 
Plumbago Europtea. D. diphyl'la, pepper-root, na- 
tive of North America; antiscorbutic, stimulant, and 
diuretic. 
Dentarius, den-tah're-us. Dentist. 
Dentarpaga, den-tar'pag-ah (harp azo, to force 
away). Dentagra. 
Den'tary. Dental. 
Dentata vertebra, den-tat'ah ver'te-brah. Axis. 
Dentate, den'tate. Dentated, Denticulate, Serrated. 
Cut in the.shape of teeth. D. bod'y, nucleus denta- 
tus. D. convolution, convolution of the brain lying 
within the hippocampal fissure. D. fis'sure, hippo- 
campal fissure. D. lam'ina, portion of the spinal 
lamina. D. nu'cleus, collection of gray matter in 
the central white substance of the cerebellum. D. DENTATUS 
su'ture of bone, suture in which the edges resemble 
teeth. 
Dentatus, den-tat'us. Dentate. 
Dentellaria, den-tel-lah're-ah. Plumbago Europaea. 
Dentes, den'tees (pl. of Dens). Teeth. See Tooth, 
Dens, Dental, and Dentition. D. angula'res, canine 
teeth. D. apparen'tes or haben'ulae, denticulate 
portions of labium tympanicum of inner ear. D. bi- 
cuspida'ti, molar teeth. D. bucca'les, molar teeth. 
D. cani'ni, canine teeth. D. clava'les, molar teeth. 
D. columella'res, canine teeth. D. ctenes, incisive 
teeth. D. cuspida'ti, canine teeth. D. dichaste'res, 
incisive teeth. D. gelas'ini, incisive teeth. D. gom'- 
pbii, molar teeth. D. inciso'res, incisive teeth. D. 
lac'tei, see Dentition. D. lania'rii, canine teeth. D. 
maxilla'res, molar teeth. D. mola'res, molar teeth. 
D. morden'tes, canine teeth. D. ocula'res, canine 
teeth. D. opsig'oni, see Dentition. D. primo'res, in- 
cisive teeth. D. raso'rii, incisive teeth. D. sapien'- 
tise, see Dentition. D. sero'tini, see Dentition. D. 
sophronis'ti, see Dentition. D. sophronis'teres, see 
Dentition. D. sophroret'ici, see Dentition. D.tom'- 
ici, incisive teeth. 
Denticeps, den'te-seps (dens, capio, to seize). Tooth- 
forceps. 
Denticola hominis, den-tik'o-lah hom'in-is (dens, 
colo, to inhabit). See Odontolithus. 
Denticulate, den-tik'u-late. Dentate. D.bod'y, den- 
tate nucleus. D. lam'ina, D. lamina. D. lig'ament, 
narrow fibrous band lying along entire length of spi- 
nal cord. D. mus'cle, serratus magnus. 
Denticulatum, den-tik-u-lah'tum (ligamen'tum). A 
slender cord, situate between the anterior and poste- 
rior fasciculi of the spinal nerves, and between the 
tunica arachnoidea and pia mater. Attached to the 
dura mater where that membrane issues from the 
cranium, and accompanying the spinal marrow to its 
inferior extremity. It sends off, from its outer edge, 
about twenty slender processes, in the form of dentic- 
uli, each of which passes outward and connects itself 
with the dura mater in the intervals between the an- 
terior and posterior roots of the nerves. 
Denticulatus, den-tik-u-lah'tus. Dentate. 
Denticulus, den-tik'u-lus (dim. of Dens, tooth). 
Crena. 
Dentiducum, den-te-du'kum (dens, duco, to draw). 
Tooth-forceps. 
Dentiform, den'te-form (dens, forma, form). Resem- 
bling a tooth in shape. 
Dentiformis, den-te-form'is. Odontoid; dentiform. 
Dentifrice, den'te-fris (dens, frico, to rub). Tooth- 
powder, Tooth-paste. Name given to different powders 
and pastes proper for cleansing the enamel of the 
teeth and removing the tartar which covers them. 
Orris root is a very common ingredient. Charcoal, 
finely powdered and mixed with chalk, forms a good 
dentifrice. 
Dentigerous, den-tij'er-us (dens, gero, to carry). 
Tooth carrying, as dentigerous cysts, cysts containing 
teeth. 
Dentilave, den'te-lave. Tooth-wash. 
Dentili'oun. Leontodon taraxacum. 
Dentinal, den'tin-al. Relating to the dentine of the 
teeth, as dentinal fibres, dentinal cells, etc.; see Tooth. 
D. car'tilage, residuum after action of dilute acid on 
dentine, the lime salts being dissolved. D. cells, see 
Tooth. D. glob'ules, spheroidal masses of matrix 
at outer edge of dentine. D. mat'rix, substance of 
close texture between the dentinal tubules. D. sheath, 
lining of the dentinal canals. D. tu'bules, tubes 
long and sinuous in the dentine. 
Dentine, den'teen. See Tooth. D. of repair', den- 
tine which is deposited in dental pulp-cavity on inner 
surface of dentine when its outer surface becomes 
denuded of enamel. D., sec'ondary, see Tooth. 
Dentinification, den-tin-i-fe-ka'shun. Process of 
formation of dentine. 
Dentinoid, den'tin-oid. Like dentine or tooth 
structure, as a dentinal tumor, such as osteoma of the 
teeth. 
Dentiscalpium, den-te-skal'pe-um (dens, scalpo, to 
317 
DENTITION 
scrape). An instrument used for scaling the teeth; 
toothpick or toothrake; the gum-lancet. 
Den'tist. Dental surgeon, Surgeon dentist. One who 
devotes himself to the study of the diseases of the 
teeth and their treatment. 
Dentistry, den'tis-tre. Dental surgery; the art of 
the dentist. 
Dentitlo, den-tish'e-o. Dentition. 
Dentition, den-tish'un {dentio, dentitum, to breed 
teeth). Teething; exit of the teeth from the alveoli 
and gums, or rather the phenomena characterizing 
the different periods of their existence. The germs of 
the first teeth, dentes lactei or milk-teeth, are visible in 
the foetus about the end of the second month, and 
begin to be ossified from the end of the third to that 
of the sixth month. At birth the corona of the in- 
cisors is formed, but that of the canine is not com- 
pleted, and the tubercles of the molars are not yet 
all united. Gradually the fang becomes developed, 
and at about six or eight months begins what is com- 
monly called the first dentition. The two middle in- 
cisors of the lower jaw commonly appear first; and, 
some time afterward, those of the upper jaw; after- 
ward, the two lateral incisors of the lower jaw ; and 
then those of the upper, followed by the four ante- 
rior molars; the canine or eye teeth at first, those of the 
lower, and afterward those of the upper jaw, next 
appear; and, subsequently and successively, the first 
four molars-two above and two below, one on each 
side. The whole number of the primary, temporary, 
deciduous, shedding, or milk-teeth {dentes temporarii) 
is 20. 
The eruption of the milk-teeth takes place, approx- 
imately, in the following order: 
Central incisors .... 6th to 8th month. 
Lateral incisors .... 7th to 10th " 
First molar 12th to 14th " 
Canines 15th to 20th " 
Second molar 20th to 30th " 
The second dentition or shedding of the teeth be- 
gins about the age of 6 or 7. The germs or membra- 
nous follicles of these second teeth-to the number 
of 32-as well as the rudiments of the teeth them- 
selves, are visible, even in the foetus, with the excep- 
tion of those of the small molars, which do not ap- 
pear till after birth. They are contained in alveoli 
of the same shape as those of the first dentition. 
Their ossification commences at from 3 to 6 months 
after birth in the incisors and first molars; at 8 or 9 
months in the canine; about 3 years in the molars; 
3| in the second great molars, and about 10 years in 
the last. As the alveolus of a new tooth becomes 
gradually augmented, the septum between it and that 
of the corresponding milk-tooth is absorbed and dis- 
appears. The root of the milk-tooth is likewise ab- 
sorbed ; its corona becomes loose and falls out, and all 
the first teeth are gradually replaced by the perma- 
nent teeth. This second dentition becomes necessary 
in consequence of the increased size of the jaws. The 
new teeth have neither the same direction nor shape 
as the old, and are more numerous, amounting, until 
the age of 25 (sooner or later), to 28. About this pe- 
riod a small molar appears at the extremity of each 
jaw, which is called the wisdom tooth or wit tooth, 
making the whole number of permanent teeth 32. 
The eruption of the permanent teeth is remarkable 
for its general regularity, so that it constitutes an 
important means of ascertaining the age of the indi- 
vidual during the early period of life: 
First molar 7th year. 
Central incisors 8th " 
Lateral incisors 9th " 
First bicuspids 10th " 
Second bicuspids 11th " 
Canines . 12th " 
Second molars 13th " 
The teeth of the lower jaw generally precede by a 
few weeks those of the upper. 
During first dentition the infant is especially liable DENTITIS 
to disease, the irritation produced by the pressure 
of the tooth on the superincumbent gum sometimes 
occasioning pyrexia, convulsions, diarrhoea, etc., 
symptoms often strikingly relieved by free division 
of the distended gum. This disordered condition is 
called teething. 
Dentitis, den-te'tis (dens, itis). Dentition. 
Dentium cortex, den'she-um kor'tex (bark of the 
teeth). Enamel of the teeth. D. do'lor, toothache. 
D. ni/tor, enamel of the teeth. D. scalptu'ra (lan- 
cing the gums), see Gum lancet. D. vacillan'tia, 
looseness of the teeth. 
Den'to (deus). One whose teeth are prominent. 
Den'toid (dens, eidos, resemblance). Odontoid. 
Dentonomy, den-ton'om-e (dens, nomos, arrangement 
or law). Classification of the teeth. 
Den'ture. Set or row of teeth mounted on metal 
or ivory, to be adjusted to the alveolar margin. 
Denudation, de-nu-da'shun (de, nudo, to lay bare). 
Condition of a part deprived of its natural coverings, 
whether by wounds, gangrene, or abscess; partic- 
ularly applied to the bones when deprived of peri- 
osteum, and to the teeth when they lose their enamel 
or dental substance, or when the gums recede from 
them and their sockets are destroyed. 
Denuding pro'cess. Denudation. 
Denutrition, de-nu-trish'un. Opposite to nutrition, 
as denutrition or breaking down of tissue. 
Deob'struent (de, obstruo, to obstruct). Medicine 
given with the view of removing any obstruction. 
The word corresponds to aperient in its general, not 
in its particular, sense. 
Deo'dorant (de, odor, smell). Destructive of odor; 
antibromic. 
Deodorized tincture of opium, de-o'dor-ized tink'- 
ture. Tinctura opii deodorata. 
Deodorizer, de-o-dor-i'zur. Antibromic. 
Deo'dorizing a'gent. Antibromic. 
Deontology, de-on-tol'o-je (deonta, what are due, 
logos, description). Morals or the science of duties. 
D., med'ical, Medical ethics, Medical etiquette; the du- 
ties and rights of medical practitioners. 
Deoppilans, de-op-pe'lans (de, oppilo, to stop up). 
Deobstruent. 
Deoppilativum, de-op-pe-lah-te'vum. Deobstruent. 
Deor'sum ter'gens. Downward direction of the 
eyes. 
Deoxidation, de-oks-id-a'shun. Separation of ox- 
ygen from a compound. 
Depascens, de-pas'sens (de, pasco, to eat). Phage- 
denic. 
Depauperatus, de-paw-per-at'us (de, paupero, to 
make poor). Impoverished. 
Deperditio, de-per-dish'e-o (de, perdo, to lose). 
Abortion. 
Dephlegmation, de-fleg-ma'shun (de, from, phlegma, 
phlegm). Process of removing water from a body by 
distillation. 
Dephlogisticated, de-flo-jis'ti-ka-ted (de, from, 
phlogiston, hydrogen). Deprived of phlogiston. D. 
air, oxygen gas. D. muriat'ic ac'id, chlorine. 
Dephracticum, de-frak'tik-um (de, phrasso, to ob- 
struct). Deobstruent. 
Dep'ilate (de, pilus, hair). To remove or extract 
hair. 
Depilatio, dep-il-ah'she-o (de, pilus, hair). Alopecia ; 
depilation. D. cap'itis, baldness. 
Depilation, dep-il-a'shun. Loss of hair, either spon- 
taneously or by art; sometimes, but incorrectly, used 
synonymously with epilation, or pulling out the hair. 
Depilatory, dep'il-a-to-re. Anything which causes 
loss of hair. Depilatories are usually caustic appli- 
cations in which quicklime or some other alkaline 
substance, sulphuret of iron, etc., enters. A pitch 
plaster, pitch cap, is sometimes used as a depilatory; 
it, of course, pulls the hair out by the roots. 
Depilis, dep'il-is. Devoid of hair. 
Depletion, de-ple'shun (depleo, to unload). Act of 
emptying or unloading; for example, the vessels, by 
bloodletting and the different evaquapts. Also in- 
ordinate evacuation. 
318 
* DEPRESSORIUM 
Depletory, de-ple'to-re. Depleting. Having the 
power of causing depletion. 
Deplumatio, dep-lu-mah'she-o (de, phma, feather). 
Disease of the eyelids, in which they are swollen and 
the eyelashes fall out. See Madarosis. 
Depolarization, de-po-lar-i-za'shun. Removal of 
polarity; neutralization of opposite magnetic poles, 
applying the term to electrical, magnetic, and light 
phenomena. 
Deposit, de-pos'it (de, pono, to lay or put down). 
Anything laid or thrown down. In pharmacy, any- 
thing which is precipitated, and thus separated from 
chemical or mechanical mixture. In physiology 
and pathology, a structureless substance, separated 
from the blood or other fluid, as the typhous, tuber- 
culous, purulent, melanic, diphtheritic, and urinary 
deposits. Feculence. 
Depositive, de-pos'it-iv. Epithet used to express 
that condition of a membrane in which plastic 
lymph is exuded into the derma, giving rise to the 
production of small, hard elevations of the skin or 
pimples. Depositive inflammation of the derma com- 
prises strophulus, lichen, and prurigo. 
Depos'itum. Deposit. 
Depravation, de-pra-va'shun (de,pravws, bad). Per- 
version, corruption; as depravation of the taste, etc. 
Deprehensio, dep-re-hen'se-o (deprehendo, to seize 
upon). Diagnosis; epilepsy. 
Depressants, de-pres'sants. Sedatives. D., car'- 
diac, agents sedative to the action of the heart. D., 
cer'ebral, agents sedative to the action of the brain. 
Depression, de-presh'un (de, premo, to depress). 
In anatomy, an excavation, hollow, or fossa. In sur- 
gery, a fracture of the cranium in which the portions 
of fractured bone are forced inward. Also operation 
for cataract; see Cataract. Depression also means 
dejection or dejectedness. D., digital, descending 
cornua of cerebral lateral ventricles. D., ner'vous, 
nervous shock. D., vi'tal, nervous shock. 
Depres'so-mo'tor. Checking the action of motor 
centres. 
Depressor, de-pres'sor. Several muscles so called 
depress the parts on which they act. D. a'Ise na'si 
arises from the superior maxillary bone immediately 
above the junction of the gums with the two incisor 
and canine teeth, and passes upward to be inserted 
into the upper lip and root of the ala nasi, which it 
pulls downward. D. an'guli o'ris, muscle situate at 
the lower part of the face, triangular in shape; arises 
from the outer oblique line on the lower jawbone, and 
terminates at a point at the commissure of the lips, 
which it pulls downward. D. ap'icis na'ris, naso- 
labialis muscle. D. auricula're, auriculo-glossus mus- 
cle. D. cartila'ginis arytsenoi'dese, muscular fibrous 
slip extending from the crico-arytsenoideus lateralis of 
one side to arytsenoideus obliquus of the other side. D. 
c. Santori'ni, ary-corniculatus rectus muscle. D. cll- 
tor'idis, see Ischio-cavernosus. D. epiglot'tldis, thyro- 
ary-epiglotticus muscle. D. glan'dulae thyroi'dese, 
fibres from the thyro-hyoid muscle inserted on middle 
lobe of thyroid gland. D. la'bii inferio'ris, small, 
thin, and quadrilateral muscle arising from the ex- 
ternal oblique line of the lower jaw, and ascending 
to the lower lip, where it becomes confounded with 
the orbicularis oris; pulls the lip downward and out- 
ward. D. 1. superio'ris alae'que na'si, D. alae nasi. 
D. 1. s. pro'prius, D. also nasi. D. labio'rum com- 
mu'nis, D. anguli oris. D. nerves, nerves which 
when stimulated diminish blood-pressure; see In- 
hibitory. D. oc'uli, rectus inferior oculi. D. pal'- 
pebrse inferio'ris, fleshy bundle forming part of the 
palpebralis muscle. D. pupil'lae, rectus inferior oculi. 
D. sep'ti mo'bilis na'rium, naso-labialis. D., Sims's, 
instrument used in gynaecology for the purpose of 
pressing the anterior vaginal wall forward; it is 
made of copper, and is provided with a ring at the 
end. D. supercil'ii, muscular slip from orbital por- 
tion of orbicularis oculi muscle to the skin of the 
eyebrow. D. ten'dinis subscapula'ris majo'ris, 
brachio-capsularis. D. vesi'cse, pubo-vesical muscle. 
Depressorium, de-pres-so're-um. Instrument for DEPRIMENS 
depressing and protecting the dura mater in opera- 
tions on the skull. 
Deprimens auriculae, dep're-mens aw-rik'u-le (de- 
primo, to depress). Retrahens auris. D. maxil'lae 
biven'ter, digastricus. D. oc'uli, rectus inferior 
oculi. 
Deprimentia, dep-re-men'she-ah. Sedatives. 
Depucelation, de-pu-sel-a'shun. Defloration. 
Depudication, de-pu-di-ka'shun (depudico, to dis- 
honor). Defloration. 
Depurants, dep'u-rants (de, purus, pure). Depura- 
tives. Formerly used to denote a class of medicines 
which were supposed to purify the system; in phar- 
macy, articles that clarify. 
Depuration, dep-u-ra'shun. Process by which na- 
ture purifies the animal economy, either by the 
agency of some eruptive disease or some spontaneous 
evacuation, or by the assistance of medicine. See 
Clarification and Depuratory. 
Dep'uratives. Depurants. 
Depuratory, dep'u-ra-to-re. That which causes 
depuration, as the urinary and cutaneous depura- 
tions ; also appropriated to medicines producing such 
action. See Depuration. 
Deradelphus, der-ad-elf'us (dere, adelphos, brother). 
Double monocephalous monster, whose two trunks 
are united above the umbilicus, and separated below. 
Deraden, der'ad-en (dere, aden, gland). Gland in 
the neck. 
Deradenitis, der-ad-en-e'tis (dere, aden, gland). In- 
flammation of a gland or glands of the neck. 
Deradenoncus, der-ad-en-on'kus (dere, aden, gland, 
onlcos, swelling). Tumefaction of the glands of the 
neck. 
Deranencephalia, der-an-en-sef-al'e-ah (anence- 
phalia, absence of brain). Monstrosity in which only 
a small portion of the brain exists, resting on the cer- 
vical vertebrae-more properly Derencepha' lia; the 
monster is called Deranceph'alus. According to Is. G. 
St. Hilaire, a monstrosity characterized by the total 
absence of encephalon, and of the medulla spinalis 
in the cervical region; upper part of skull is rudi- 
mentary, and back part of occipital region entirely 
deficient. 
Deranged, de-rainjd' (de, ranger, to put in order). 
Insane. 
Derangement, de-rainj'ment. Insanity. 
Derbia, dur'be-ah. Impetigo. 
Derbyshire (dur'be-shur) neck. Bronchocele. 
Dere (dere). Neck ; in composition, neck. 
Derencephalia, der-en-sef-al'e-ah. See Deranence- 
phalia. 
Derencephalus (dere, kephale, head). Monster 
whose brain is in the neck. See Deranencephalia. 
De'ris. Skin. 
Derivans, de-re'vans (derivo, to turn water from 
its regular course). Derivative. 
Derivation, der-i va'shun. Revulsion, counter-irri- 
tation. When a " centre of fluxion " is established in 
a part for the purpose of abstracting the excited vital 
manifestations from some other part, a derivation 
is operated. The term derivation has-like aspira- 
tion-been applied to the suction power of the 
heart, a presumed agency in the circulation of the 
blood. 
Derivative, der-iv'at-iv. Revellent, Revulsive, Apo- 
spastic. Remedy which, by producing a modified ac- 
tion in some organ or texture, derives from the morbid 
condition of some other organ or texture. Revellents 
are among the most important remedies: they in- 
clude, indeed, every physical and moral agent which 
is capable of modifying the function of innervation, 
and therefore almost every article of the materia 
medica. D. circula'tion, circulation through col- 
lateral vessels. 
Derivatorius, der-iv-at-o're-us. Derivative. 
Derma, dur'mah (derma). Cutis. 
Dermad, der'mad. See Dermal aspect. 
Dermahypertrophy, dur-ma-hi'per-tro-fe (derma, 
hyper, excess of, trophe, nourishment). Thickening 
of the skin, 
319 
' DERMATOCELLULITIS 
Der'mal or Der'mlc. Eelating or belonging to the 
skin. D. as'pect, aspect toward the skin or external 
surface. Dermad is used adverbially to signify " to- 
ward the dermal aspect." 
Dermalgia, durm-al'je-ah (properly Dermatalgia) 
{derma, algos, pain). Pain in the skin; neuralgia of 
the skin. Rheumatic dermalgia or Rheumatism of the 
skin is a form of neuralgia referred at times to the 
nervous trunks, muscles, etc., but appears to be seated 
in the cutaneous nerves. 
Dermaphyl'la penduli'na. Plant of Brazil, root 
of which, payenya, is an alterative in syphilitic and 
cutaneous affections. 
Dermaphyte, dur'ma-fite. Dermatophyte. 
Dermaphyticide, dur-ma-fit'is-ide {derma, phuton, 
vegetable, credo, to kill). Agent that will destroy 
vegetable parasites of the skin. 
Dermaplasty (durm'a-plas-te) or Dermatoplasty, 
durm'at-o-plas-te {derma, skin, plasso, to form). Plas- 
tic operation for the restoration of skin. 
Dermapostasis, dur-mah-pos'tas-is {derma, apostasis, 
defection or loss). Constitutional skin disease. 
Der'mata. See Epidermata. 
Dermatagra, dur-mat'ag-rah {derma, agra, seizure). 
Pellagra. 
Dermatalgia, dur-mat-al'je-ah {derma, algos, pain). 
Dermalgia. 
Dermataneuria, dur-mat-an-u're-ah {derma, a, priv., 
neuron, nerve). Paralysis or loss of sensibility of the 
skin. 
Dermatauxe, dur-mat-owks'e {derma, auxe, increase). 
Tumefaction of the skin. 
Dermatempodismus, dur-mat-em-pod-iz'mus {der- 
ma, skin, empodismos, obstruction). Obstruction or 
interference with the functions of the skin. 
Dermathsemia, dur-mat-he'me-ah {derma, haima, 
blood). Congestion of the blood-vessels of the skin. 
Dermathsemorrhois, dur-mat-he-mor'rho-is {derma, 
haimorrhois, discharge of blood). Sweating of blood. 
Dermatiatria, dur-mat-e-at-re'ah {derma, iatreia, 
healing). Healing of cutaneous diseases ; treatment 
of diseases of the. skin. 
Dermatic, dur-mat'ic. Eelating to the skin. 
Dermatica, dur-mat'ik-ah. Eemedies applied in 
cutaneous affections. 
Dermatitis, dur-mat-e'tis. Inflammation of the 
skin; erysipelatous inflammation. D. ambustio'- 
nis, burn. D. a. bullo'sa, see Burn. D. a. ery- 
themato'sa, see Burn. D. a. escharot'ica, see 
Burn. D. calor'ica, inflammation of the skin pro- 
duced by the action of heat or cold, as burns and 
frostbites. D. circumscrip'ta herpetifor'mis, inflam- 
mation of the skin, herpetic in character, character- 
ized by small red papules having a bluish-white cen- 
tre, which form thick brown plates with excoria- 
tions underneath their surface. D. congelatio'nis, 
see D. calorica. D. contusifor'mis, erythema nodo- 
sum. D. exfolia'cea, pityriasis rubra. D. exfoliati'- 
va, inflammation of the skin accompanied with ex- 
cessive desquamation. D. e. infan'tum, infantile dis- 
ease in very young children, with pronounced redness 
of skin and plentiful furfuraceous and foliaceous des- 
quamation. D. fe'rox, a form of inflammation of the 
skin with repeated desquamation and constitutional 
disturbances. D. herpetifor'mis, variety of derma- 
titis described by Duhring, which consists of vesicles 
resembling herpes; this disease is very itchy, and has 
a tendency to relapse at intervals. D. medicamen- 
to'sa, from injection of certain drugs, as belladonna, 
quinine, iodide of potassium, etc. D. papillomato'sa, 
yaws. D. phlegmono'sa, see Erysipelas. D. sana- 
mo'sa, pityriasis rubra. D. symptomat'ica, erysip- 
elas. D. traumat'ica, inflammation of the skin pro- 
duced by mechanical agencies. D. venena'ta, inflam- 
mation of the skin produced by acrid or poisonous 
agents. 
Dermatobia, dur-mat-o'be-ah {derma, skin, hioo, to 
live). The bot-fly, the eggs of which are often de- 
posited beneath the skin and give rise to swelling. 
Dermatocellulitis, dur-mat-o-sel-u-le'tis. See Eth- 
myphitis. DERMATOCHOLOSIS 
Dermatocholosis, dur-mat-o-kol-o'sis (derma, chole, 
bile). Icterus. 
Dermatochysis, dur-mat-ok'is-is (derma, chusis, effu- 
sion). Anasarca. 
Dermatocoptes, dur-mat-o-kop'tes (derma, kopto, to 
injure). Minute insects which feed on blood, serum, 
and young epidermic scales. 
Dermatocratia, dur-mat-o-krat-e'ah (derma, kratos, 
power). See Dermatiatria. 
Dermatodes, dur-mat-o'dees (derma, odes). Der- 
ma toid. 
Dermatodynia, dur-mat-o-din'e-ah (derma, odune, 
pain). Dermalgia. 
Dermatodyschroia, dur-mat-o-diz-kroi'ah (derma, 
duschroia, discoloration). Skin discoloration. 
Dermatography, dur-mat-og'raf-e (derma, grapho, to 
describe). Description of the skin. 
Dermatohsemia, dur-mat-o-he'me-ah (derma, haima, 
blood). Congestion of the skin. 
Dermatoid, dur'mat-oid (derma, eidos, form). Der- 
moid. Similar to the skin ; a name given to different 
tissues resembling the skin, as dermoid tumors, etc. 
The dura mater has been so called (dermoid). Morbi 
dermato'ides are chronic cutaneous diseases. 
Dermatokelidosis, dur-mat-o-kel-id-o'sis (derma, 
kelidoo, to stain). Spotted condition of the skin. 
Dermatokeras, dur-mat-o-ke'ras (derma, keros, 
horn. Horny growth on the skin. 
Der'matol. Bismuth subgallate. 
Dermatoleucasmus, dur-mat-o-lu-kaz'mus (derma, 
leukos, white). Achroma; morbid whiteness of skin. 
Dermatologist, dur-mat-ol'o-jist (derma, logos, dis- 
course). Specialist in skin diseases. 
Dermatology, dur-mat-ol'o-je (derma, logos, dis- 
course). Dermology. Discourse or treatise of the 
skin. 
Dennatolysis, dur-mat-ol'is-is (derma, lusis, loos- 
ing). Abnormal extension and relaxation of the skin. 
Dermatoma, dur-mat-o'mah. Form of perverted 
nutrition of the skin accompanied with hypertrophy, 
as mole, naevus, etc. 
Dermatomalacia, dur-mat-o-mal-ah'se-ah (derma, 
malakia, softening). An abnormal softening of the 
skin , 
Dermatome, dur'ma-tome (derma, temno, to cut). 
Needle-bladed knife used in skin affections. 
Dermatomelasma, dur-mat-o-mel-az'mah. Disease 
of the skin, consisting of augmentation of black pig- 
ment. See Melanopathia. 
Dermatomycoses, dur-ma-to-me-ko'sees (derma, 
mukes, mushroom). Diseases of the skin and its ap- 
pendages dependent upon vegetable parasites or fungi, 
such as tinea favosa or tinea tonsurans. 
Dermatoneuria (dur-mat-o-nu're-ah) or Dermato- 
neurosis, dur-mat-o-nu-ro'sis (derma, neuron, nerve). 
Neurosis of the skin. 
Dermatonoses, dur-mat-on-o'sees. Diseases of the 
skin which are simple abnormalities of secretion. 
Dermatopathology, dur-mat-o-path-ol'o-je (derma, 
pathos, disease, logos, discourse). Pathology of the 
skin. 
Dermatopathy, dur-mat-op'ath-e (derma, pathos, af- 
fection). Cutaneous disease. 
Dermatoperisclerismus, dur-mat-o-per-e-skler-iz'- 
mus (derma, peri, around, skleros, hard). Induration 
of the cellular tissue. 
Dermatoperisclerosis, dur-mat-o-per-e-skler-o'sis. 
Induration of the cellular tissue. 
Dermatophilus, der-mat-of'il-us (derma, phileo, to 
love). Chique, a parasite infesting the skin, called 
by various names, as chiggre, jigger, etc. 
Dermatophone, dur'mat-o-fone (derma, phone, 
sound). Stethoscope whose ends are covered with 
thin, tense rubber. 
Dermatophthalmus, dur-mat-of-thal'mus (derma, 
ophthalmos, eye). Condition of retraction of the eye- 
lid so that it does not cover the eye during sleep. 
Dermatophyma, dur-mat-o-fe'mah (derma, phuma, 
tumor). Tumefaction of the skin. 
Dermatophymata venerea, dur-mat-o-fe'mat-ah 
ven-e're-ah. Condylomata. 
320 
DERMONOSOLOGIA 
Dermatophytae (dur-mat-of'it-e), properly Dermat- 
oph'yti (mor'bi) (derma, phuton, vegetable). Fun- 
gous parasites of the skin. Order of cutaneous dis- 
eases, including those that depend on or are charac- 
terized by the presence of parasitic plants. It is made 
to include porrigo and sycosis. See Schizophyta. 
Dermatophytic, dur-mat-o-fit'ik. Eelating or ap- 
pertaining to dermatophytes. 
Dermatoplasty, dur'mat-o-plas-te. Plastic opera- 
tion for the restoration of skin. 
Dermatorrhagia, dur-mat-or-rhaj'e-ah (derma, rhage, 
rupture). Discharge of blood from the skin; haemat- 
idrosis. 
Dermatorrhoea, dur-mat-or-rhe'ah (derma, rheo, to 
flow). Morbidly increased secretion from the skin; 
hyperidrosis. 
Dermatosclerosis (dur-mat-o-skler-o'sis) or Der- 
matoscleroma (derma, slcleros, hard). Callosity. 
Dermatoscrofula, dur-mat-o-skrof'u-lah. Manifes- 
tation of scrofula in the skin by ulcers, etc. 
Dermatoses, dur-mat-o'sees. Cutaneous diseases. 
Dermatosis, dur-mat-o'sis. Growth or formation of 
skin. 
Dermatospasmus, dur-mat-o-spaz'mus (derma, spas- 
mos, spasm). Horrida cutis, goose-flesh. 
Dermatostruma, dur-mat-o-stru'mah. Manifesta- 
tion of scrofula in the skin by ulcers, etc. 
Dermatosyphilis, dur-mat-o-sif'il-is. Exanthema- 
tous affections connected with syphilis; syphiloderma. 
Dermatotherapeia, dur-mat-o-ther-ap-e'ah (derma, 
therapeia, care or treatment). Treatment of cutane- 
ous affections; introduction of remedies through the 
skin. 
Dermatotomy (dur-mat-ot'o-me), Dermat'omy, or 
Dermatotrau'ma (derma, trauma, wound). Injury or 
wound of the skin. 
Dermatotyloma, dur-mat-o-te-lo'mah (derma, tulos, 
callosity). Callosity. 
Dermatotylosis (dur-mat-o-te-lo'sis) or Dermatot- 
ylus, dur-mat-ot'il-us. Callosity. 
Dermatoxerasia, dur-mat-o-zer-ah'ze-ah (derma, 
xeros, dry). Diminution of secretion of sebaceous 
glands. 
Dermatozoa, der-mat-o-zo'ah (derma, zoom, animal). 
Parasitic animalcule in the skin. See Ectozoa. 
Dermatozoonoses, dur-mat-o-zo-on'o-sees. Diseases 
caused by dermatozoa. 
Dermatrophia, dur-mat-rof'e-ah (derma, atrophia'). 
An atrophied condition of the skin. 
Dermectasia, dur-mek-taz'e-ah (derma, ektasis, ex- 
tension). Abnormal stretching or relaxation of the 
skin. 
Dermenchysis, dur-men'kis-is (derma, encheo, to 
pour into). Hypodermic or subcutaneous injection. 
Dermepenthesis, dur-mep-en'thes-is (derma, epen- 
thesis, insertion). Skin-grafting. 
Dermexanthesis, durm-eks-an-the'sis (derma, exan- 
theo, to blossom). Exanthematous disease of the skin. 
Dermic, dur'mik. Dermatic, Dermal. Eelating to 
the derma or skin. 
Dermis, dur'mis. Used erroneously at times for 
derma. 
Dermitis, dur-me'tis. Inflammation of the skin. 
Dermocymus, dur-mo-sim'us (derma, kuma, foetus 
in utero). Foetus within a foetus. 
Dermodes, dur-mo'des. Dermatoid. 
Dermography, dur-mog'raf-e (derma, grapho, to de- 
scribe). Anatomical description of the skin. 
Dermohsemia, dur-mo-he'me-ah (derma, haima, 
blood). Hypersemia or congestion of the skin. 
Dermoic, dur-mo'ik. Dermal. 
Dermoid, dur'moid. Eesembling skin. D. cysts, 
cysts containing skin and analogous structures, as 
hair, nails, etc. D. sys'tem, this embraces the skin, 
together with the parts belonging thereto. 
Dermology, dur-mol'o-je. Dermatology. 
Dermomycoses, dur-mo-my-ko'sees. Dermatomy- 
coses. 
Dermonosologia, dur-mo-no-so-loj'e-ah (derma, nosos, 
disease, logos, description). Description of or treatise 
on skin diseases. DERMOPHYMATA 
Dermophymata venerea, dur-mo-fe'mat-ah ven-e' 
re-ah. Condylomata. 
Dermophyte (dur'mo-fite) or Der'matophyte (derma, 
phuton, a vegetable). Parasitic vegetable growth on 
the skin. 
Dermophytic, dur-mo-fit'ik. Eelating or appertain- 
ing to dermophytes. 
Dermoskeleton, dur-mo-skel'et-un. See Skeleton. 
Dermostenosls, durm-o-sten-o'sis (derma, stenosis, 
narrowing). Morbid contraction of the skin. 
Dermostosis, dur-mos-to'sis (derma, osteon, bone). 
Ossification of the cutaneous surface. 
Dermosynovitis, ulcerating, dur-mo-sin-o-ve'tis, 
ul'ser-a-ting (derma, synovitis'). Perforating ulcer of the 
foot. Inflammation seated in the sole of the foot, 
between the derma and epidermis, which becomes 
enlarged and ulcerates, leaving a fistulous opening. 
This soon involves also the bursa mucosa lying below, 
and, if neglected, the periosteum and articular syno- 
vial membrane. Said to be a form of lepra ansesthet- 
ica, a neuro-paralytic inflammation of malignant cha- 
racter, and may, therefore, be termed ideas leprosum. 
Dermo-syphilides, dur'mo-sif'il-eeds. Cutaneous 
eruption of a syphilitic character. 
Dermotomy, dur-mot'o-me (derma, tome, incision). 
Anatomy treating of the structure of the skin; in- 
cision of the skin. 
Dermotylosis, dur-mo-til-o'sis (derma, tulosis, hard- 
ening). Hardening of the skin. 
Dermyperphlebosis, dur-me-per-fleb-o'sis (derma, 
hyper, over, phleps, vein). Morbid increase of blood- 
supply to the skin. 
Dermypertrophia, dur-me-per-trof'e-ah (derma, hy- 
per, trophe, nourishment). Hypertrophy of the skin. 
Derodenitis (der-od-en-e'tis) or Deradenitls, der- 
ad-en-e'tis (dere, neck, aden, gland). Inflammation 
of the glands of the neck. 
Derodymus, der-od'e-mus (dere, didumos, twin, duo, 
to mingle). See Dicephalus. 
Deroncus, der-on'kus(dere, onkos, swelling). Bron- 
chocele or goitre. 
Derot'omy (dere, neck, tome, incision). Decapita- 
tion to facilitate delivery. 
Dertron, duPtron. Omentum or peritoneum; ac- 
cording to others, the small intestine. See Epiploon. 
De Salle's line. Line of the nose. 
Desault's apparatus or band'age. Bandage, sling, 
and pad for fracture of the clavicle. D.'s splint, long 
splint employed to set fractures of the femur. 
Descemet (des-em-a'), mem'brane of. See Aqueous 
humor and Cornea. 
Descemetitis, des-sem-e-te'tis. Term improperly 
formed, and really signifying inflammation of Des- 
cemet, the anatomist. Inflammation of the mem- 
brane of Descemet, Aquomembranitis. 
Descendens noni, des-sen'dens no'ne. See Hypo- 
glossus. 
Descending, de-send'ing. Anatomical term em- 
ployed to designate structures that tend in a down- 
ward direction to the body, as descending cava, de- 
scending colon. D. convolution, gyrus descenden's. 
D. degeneration, degeneration of the whole thick- 
ness of gray matter of the cortex of the brain, followed 
by degeneration of the fibres of the pyramidal tract. 
D. neuritis, neuro-retinitis. D. sclero'sis, form of 
sclerosis of the cord in which the process extends 
from above downward. 
Descensio, des-sen'she-o (descendo, to descend). Ex- 
pulsion downward. Descent, as of the testicles. 
Descensus, de-sen'sus. Descensis. D. testiculo'- 
rum, descent of the testicles. 
Descent, de-sent'. Tendency, action, or movement 
downward. D. of the o'varies, descent in the fcetus 
of the ovaries from their primitive position beside the 
lumbar vertebrae to their final situation in the broad 
ligament. D. of the tes'ticles, passage of the testicles 
through the inguinal canal into the scrotum. 
Deschamps, angles of. The system of craniometry 
of Deschamps, circumscribing the head with three 
lines, forming a triangle. 
Desectus, de-sek'tus (de, seco, to cut). Castrated. 
321 
DESPREZ'S OPERATION 
Desh'ler's salve. Ceratum resinse compositum. 
Desiccantia, des-sik-an'she-ah (de, sicco, to dry). 
See Desiccativa. 
Desiccatio, de-sik-kah'she-o. Draining; drying. D. 
herba'rum, drying of plants. 
Desiccation, des-sik-a'shun. Drying. 
Desiccativa, des-ik-kat-e'vah. Remedies which, 
when applied externally, dry up the humors or 
moisture from a wound. 
Desipientia, des-ip-e-en'she-ah (de, sapio, to be 
wise). Delirium. 
Desma, dez'mah. Bandage; ligament. 
Desmalgia, des-mal'je-ah (desmos, band, algos, pain). 
Pain in the ligaments. 
Desmanomalia, des-man-o-mal'e-ah (desmos, ano- 
malia, anomaly). Abnormal condition of a ligament. 
Desmaturgia, des-mat-ur'je-ah (desma, ergon, work). 
Doctrine of bandaging; bandaging. 
Desme, des'ma. Bandage ; ligament. 
Desmectasis, des-mek-tas'is (desmos, ektasis, exten- 
sion). Stretching of a ligament. 
Desmedion (dim. of Desme), des-ma'de-on. Fas- 
ciculus. 
Desmiognathus, des-me-og-nath'us (desmos, bond, 
gnathos, j aw). Double parasitic monster, characterized 
by supernumerary imperfect head, united under the 
neck by muscular and cutaneous-not bony-attach- 
ments to the principal subject. 
Desmitis, des-me'tis. Inflammation of a ligament. 
Desmobacteria, des-mo-bak-te're-ah. Elongated 
bacteria; tribe of Bacteria, including bacillus and 
vibrio. See Bacteria. 
Desmochaunosis, kes-mo-kaun-o'sis (desma, chaun- 
osis, relaxation). Relaxation of an articular ligament. 
Desmodium (des-mo'de-um) Ganget'icum. Native 
of India, supposed to possess febrifugal and anti- 
catarrhal properties. 
Desmodynia, des-mo-din'e-ah (desma, odune, pain). 
Pain in the ligaments. 
Desmography, des-mog'raf-e (desma, graphe, de- 
scription). Anatomical description of the ligaments. 
Desmohsemoblast, des - mo - he' mo - blast (desmos, 
band, haima, blood, blast os, germ). That part of the 
blastoderm which furnishes blood-vessels and con- 
nective tissue of the embryo. 
Desmoid, des'moid (desma, eidos, resemblance). 
Having the character of, or resembling, ligament. See 
Tumor, fibrous. D. carcino'ma, scirrhus. D. tis'sue, 
Ligamentous tissue-, very generally diflused over the 
human body; has a very close connection with the 
areolar tissue, and is continuous with it in divers 
places ; it constitutes the ligaments, aponeuroses, etc. 
Desmology, des-mol'o'je (desma, logos, discourse, 
treatise). That part of anatomy describing ligaments; 
also treatise on bandaging. 
Desmoma, des-mo'mah. Abnormal perverted con- 
dition of the connective-tissue layer of the skin, seen 
in fibroma, osteoma, chondroma, neuroma, etc. 
Desmoneoplasm, des-mo-ne'o-plazm (desma, neos, 
new, plasma, formation). New formation or growth 
of connective tissue. 
Desmonosology, des-mo-no-zol'o-je (desma, nosos, 
disease, logos, description). Description or classifica- 
tion of diseases of ligaments. 
Desmopathol'ogy. Desmonosology. 
Desmopathy, des-mop'ath-e (desma,pathos, disease). 
Disease of the ligaments. 
Desmophlogia, des-mo-flo'ge-ah (desma, phlogoo, to 
inflame). Inflammation of a ligament. 
Desmorrhexis, des-mor-rheks'is (desma, rhexis rup- 
ture). Rupture of an articular ligament. 
Desmoses, des-mo'sees. Connective-tissue diseases 
of the skin. 
Desmosus, des-mo'sus. Ligamentous. 
Desmotomy, des-mot'o-me (desma, tome, incision). 
The part of anatomy teaching the mode of dissecting 
ligaments. 
Desmus, des'mus. Ligament. 
Desozyaliza'ria. Anthrarobin. 
Desprez's operation. Operation for naso-pharyn- 
geal polyp, in which the cartilaginous part of the nose DESPUMAT1ON 
is separated, for the purpose of obtaining more room 
for removal of the polyp. 
Despumation, des-pu-ma'shun (de, spumo, to skim, 
to remove the froth). Separation of froth and other 
impurities which rise, by the action of fire, to the 
surface of any fluid. 
Desquamation, des - kwam - a' shun (desquamo, to 
scale off). Moulting; exfoliation, or separation of 
the epidermis, in the form of scales of a greater or 
less size-furfuratio, defurfuratio. This form of ex- 
foliation is a common sequence of exanthematous dis- 
eases. 
Desquamatorius, des-kwam-at-o're-us. Exfolia- 
tive. 
Dessert (de, servir, to serve, to clear the table). In 
the United States it means puddings, pies, etc., 
which in England precede the true dessert--fruits, 
etc. 
Destillatio, des-til-lah'she-o (de, stillo, to drop). Co- 
ryza ; distillation. D. pec'toris, catarrh. D. uTeri, 
leucorrhcea. 
Destructio, des-truk'she-o (de, struo, to build). De- 
struction ; corruption in general. 
Desudatio, de-su-dah'she-o (de, sudo, to sweat). Pro- 
fuse and inordinate sweating. An eruption of small 
pimples, similar to millet seed, appearing chiefly on 
children, due to want of cleanliness. 
Desulphurize (de-sulf'ur-ize) or Desulphurate, de- 
sulf'ur-ate. To deprive of sulphur. 
Desymphysize, de-sim'fe-size (de, sumphuo, to grow 
together.) Section of symphysis to facilitate child- 
birth. Symphyseotomy. 
Detentio, de-ten'she-o (detineo, to hold down). Cat- 
alepsy. 
Detergens, de-tur'jens (de, tergeo, to cleanse). Ab- 
stergent. 
Detergents, de-tur'jents. Medicines possessing the 
power to deterge or cleanse parts, as wounds, ulcers, 
etc. They belong to the class of stimulants, or to 
that of emollients. 
Determination, de-turm-in-a'shun (de, terminus, 
boundary). Strong direction to a given point, as 
determination of blood to the head. 
Detersives, de-tur'sivs. Detergents. 
Detersoria, de-turs-o're-ah. Detergents. 
Detersorium, de-turs-o're-um. The place, in ancient 
bathing establishments, where the bather was cleansed 
and dried. 
Detestatio, de-tes-tah'she-o (de, testis, testicle). Cas- 
tration. 
Detractio sanguinis, de-trak'she-o san'gwin-is. 
Bloodletting. 
Detrition, det-rish'un. Wasting or wearing away 
of a part, the teeth, for example. 
Detritus, det-re'tus (de, tero, to rub, to bruise or 
wear out). Residuum occupying the place of the 
organic texture of parts which have undergone dis- 
organization. 
Detruncation, de-trun-ka'shun (de, truncus, trunk). 
Separation of the trunk from the head of the foetus, 
the latter remaining in the uterus. 
Detrusion, de-tru'zhun (de, trudo, to thrust down 
or from). The act of thrusting or forcing down or 
away; applied to lateral displacement of the heart by 
extraneous pressure. Expulsion by alternate contrac- 
tion and expansion of parts. 
Detru'sor fse'cium. Folds of the rectum. D. u'rinaa, 
muscular coat of the urinary bladder; also the lon- 
gitudinal fibres of that organ; it was also named Con- 
strictor vesicse urinarise. 
Deunx, de'unks. Ancient name of a weight of 11 
ounces, supposing the pound to consist of 12. 
Deurens febris, de-u'rens feb'ris (deuro, to burn 
up). A highly ardent fever. 
Deus copulationis, de'us kop-u-lah-she-o'nis (god of 
copulation). Cupido. 
Deustio, de-us'te-o (de, uro, to burn). A burn; the 
act of burning. 
Deutencephalon, du-ten-sef'al-on (deuteros, second, 
enkephalos, brain). Embryologically the posterior 
portion of the anterior vesicle; thalamencephalon. 
322 
DEVI RGI NATION 
Deuteranoea, dute-er-an-e' ah (deuteros, second, 
anoia, imbecility). Dementia. 
Deuteria, dute-er'e-ah (deuteros, second). Symptoms 
produced by retention of the secundines; the secun- 
dines themselves; also applied by the Greeks to an 
inferior wine. 
Deuterion, dute-er'e-on. Secundines. 
Deutero-albumose, du'ter-o-al'bu-moze. Variety 
of hemi-albumose precipitated by sodium chloride 
with an acid. 
Deutero-globulose, du'ter-o-glob'u-loze. Substance 
similar to deutero-albumose, result of the action of 
the gastric juice on globulin. 
Deuterop'athy (deuteros, second, pathos, disease). 
Secondary disease; one produced by another, and of 
which it is only, in some measure, symptomatic or 
the sympathetic effect. 
Deuteropine, du-ter-o'pin. One of the unimportant 
alkaloids of opium. 
Deuteroplasm, du'ter-o-plasm (deuteros, plasma, for- 
mation). Proteid substance of the egg, which nour- 
ishes, but does not form, the body of the embryo. 
Deuteroscopy, du-ter-os'ko-pe (deuteros, second, 
skopeo, to view). Second sight; fancied power of 
seeing future things or events; also a form of hallu- 
cination in which the patient sees a spectral image 
of himself. 
Deuto, du'to (deuteros, second). Prefix denoting 
two or double-as deutoxide, having two degrees of 
oxidation; deuto-sulphate, deuto-sulphide, etc. 
Deutoplasm, du'to-plazm (deuto, second, plasma, 
formation). Yellow of the egg. 
Deutoscolex, (deuto, skolex, worm). Cysticercus. 
Deutoxide, du-toks'id. Dioxide, binoxide; com- 
pound containing two equivalents of oxygen to one 
of another substance. 
Devalgate, de-val'gate (de, valgus, bow-legged). 
Bow-legged. 
Devehens, de've-hens (de, veho, to carry). Efferent. 
Development, de-vel'op-ment. In physiology it 
means growth or increase; and in pathology its 
signification is similar. It-as well as Differentiation 
-is at times used, in physiology, for the kind of in- 
crease which takes place by the formation of new 
tissues from those already existing, as in the embryo, 
whilst Growth is restricted to the increase of the same 
tissues. By development of the pulse is understood 
an increase in its strength and fulness. Diseases of 
development, Morbi evolutionis, are such as are pecu- 
liar to the period of growth. D. of the foe'tus, growth 
of the embryo from conception to the period of par- 
turition. (See Foetus for full table of development 
of embryo and fcetus). D. tak'ing, term used by 
practical craniologists to signify the act of meas- 
uring prominences of the skull, which are regard- 
ed by them as indicating the size of corresponding 
cerebral organs. D., ves'icle of, see Vesicle of de- 
velopment. 
Developmental (de-vel-op-men'tai) diseases. 
Special diseases, the incidental result of the forma- 
tive, reproductive, and nutritive powers. 
Deventer (de-ven'tur), diam'eter of. Oblique di- 
ameter of the pelvis. 
Deverticulum, de-vurt-ik'u-lum. Diverticulum. 
Deviation, de-vi-a'shun (de, via, way) In a course 
or direction out of the usual way. By this word is 
meant a vicious curvature of the spine or other bones; 
faulty direction of the teeth or other part; the pas- 
sage of blood, bile, urine, milk, etc. into vessels not 
natural to them. D., pri'mary, deviation of the vis- 
ual axis in strabismus. D., sec'ondary, condition ex- 
isting in paralysis of the ocular muscles; the sound 
eye deviates, while the affected eye fixes. 
Dev'il bit. Veratrum viride. D. in a bush, ni- 
gella. 
Dev'H's bit. Aletris farinosa, Scabiosa succisa, Cha- 
melirium luteum. D.'s bite, liatris. D.'s dung, asa- 
fcetida. D.'s shoestrings, Galena Virginiana, Ze- 
phrosia Virginiana. 
Devirgination, de-vur-jin-a'shun (de, virgo, virgin). 
Defloration. See Stuprum. □EVISCERATION 
Devisceration, de-vis-sur-a'shun {de, viscus, entrail). 
Operation of taking out the bowels. 
Devitalize, de-vi'tal-ize. To remove vitality. 
Devonshire colic, dev'on-shir kol'ik. Lead colic. 
Dewberry, American, du'ber-e, a-mer'ik-an. See 
Rubus csesius. D. plant, Rubus csesius. 
Dewclaws, du'klaws. Morbid secretion from the 
horse-knee scab-formerly used in epilepsy. 
De Wecker's operation. Operation for removal of 
staphyloma of the cornea. 
Dexiocardia, deks-e-o-kar'de-ah {dexios, right, kar- 
dia, heart). Case in which the heart is found to heat 
on the right side; met with occasionally in pleurisy 
and pneumothorax. See Ectocardia and Ectopia 
cordis. 
Dexis, deks'is. See Degmus. 
Dextans, deks'tans. Weight of ten ounces, sup- 
posing the pound to consist of twelve. 
Dexterina, deks-ter-e'nah. Dextrine. 
Dextrad, deks'trad {dexter, right-handed). Term 
used to signify "toward the dextral aspect." See 
Mesial. 
Dextral aspect, deks'tral as'pekt. See Mesial. D. 
pre-em'inence, greater use and strength of the right 
arm and leg compared with the left. 
Dextrality, deks-tral'it-e {dexter, right). State of 
being on the right side; the state of being right- 
handed. 
Dextrin, deks'trin {dexter, right-handed). Dextrine, 
British gum, Artificial gum. (So called from its refract- 
ing the rays, in the polarization of light, more to the 
right hand than any substance known.) It is ob- 
tained by the continued action of diluted sulphuric 
acid upon starch at the boiling-point; it is isomeric 
with starch, and used in the treatment of fractures 
by the immovable apparatus. Bandages are soaked 
in a solution, in water, of the dextrine, previously 
moistened thoroughly with tincture of camphor to 
prevent it from leaking when the water is added; the 
solution should be of the consistence of molasses. D., 
an'imal, glycogenic matter. D., hepatic, glycogenic 
matter. 
Dextrinum, deks-tre'num. Dextrin. 
Dextrocardia, deks-tro-kar'de-ah {dexter, right, kar- 
dia, heart). Dexiocardia. 
Dextrogyrate (deks-tro-ji'rat) or Dextrog'yrous 
{dexter, on the right, guros, turn). Rotating plane of 
polarization to the right. 
Dextrorse, deks'trorse. Turning toward the right, 
as glucose. 
Dextrose, deks'troze. Glucose; so called on account 
of its action on polarized light. 
Dextroversion, deks-tro-vur'shun {dextro, verto, to 
turn). Turning to the right, as dextroversion of the 
uterus, the fundus of which turns to the right of the 
middle line. 
Dhatu'ra. Datura alba. 
Dhobie's itch. Name given in India to tinea circi- 
nata tropica of the thighs and genital region. 
Di, Dis. In composition, bis, twice, double; also, 
as well as Dif and Dis, separation or division, and, at 
times, negation and privation. 
Dia, de-ah. In composition, through, asunder, out 
of, separated; when prefixed to any therapeutical 
agent it meant, in ancient pharmacy, a preparation 
into which that agent entered. 
Diabebos, de-ab'eb-os. Astragalus, malleolus. 
Diabetes, di-ab-e'tees {dia, baino, to pass). Disease 
characterized by great augmentation, and often mani- 
fest alteration, in the secretion of urine, with exces- 
sive thirst and progressive emaciation. Two species 
are usually described-Diabetes insipidus and D. 
mellitus; the former being simply a superabundant 
discharge of limpid urine, of its usual urinary taste ; 
the latter, D. mellitus-saccharine diabetes-falls 
under the definition given above. The quan- 
tity of urine discharged in the 24 hours is 
sometimes excessive, amounting to 30 pints and 
upward, each pint containing sometimes 2J oz. of 
saccharine matter. The whole system of nutrition 
seems to be morbidly implicated. A part of the urine 
323 
DIACATHOLICON 
must be formed at the expense of the system generally, 
as the egesta frequently far exceed the solid and 
liquid ingesta. The pathological appearances on dis- 
section are such as may be the consequence, rather 
than the cause, of the disease. The exciting causes 
are often found in diseases of the nervous centres, 
tumors, and injuries, especially those involving the 
fourth ventricle. Fehling's test is the most useful 
means of detecting sugar in the urine. See Fehling. 
Bouchardat's formula for estimating the amount of 
sugar by a knowledge of the specific gravity is as fol- 
lows : The last two figures of the specific gravity are 
multiplied by 2, the product is multiplied by the 
amount of urine (in litres) in 24 hours, and then 30-40 
(if large quantity of urine, 50-60) are subtracted; the 
result gives the amount of sugar in grammes. For ex- 
ample, the specific gravity being 1.025, the amount of 
urine is 4 litres: 
25 X 2 = 50. 
50 X 4 = 200. 
200 - 30 = 170 g. of sugar. 
40 = 160 g. " " 
The treatment of diabetes includes a number of 
articles of the materia medica, but there is no specific 
remedy for it. Many of the remedies that have been 
used have been found insufficient in D. mellitus. 
Particular attention must be paid to the diet (which 
should exclude saccharine and starchy articles), in 
view of the fact that the greater portion of the 
glucose in the blood is derived from saccharine and 
starchy substances. Simple glycosuria is frequently 
cured according to the method of Cantani, by re- 
stricting the patient to a diet of meat and fat. 
Diabetes insipidus or Ureal diabetes, which occurs in 
hysterical habits, and has hence been called D. 
hystericus, is of comparatively trifling moment. 
Exclusive diet and attention to the state of 
the cutaneous transpiration, which have some- 
times produced good effects in D. mellitus, have most 
commonly failed in this affection. D. An'glicus, 
see Diabetes. D. bark, caju; bark of Anacardium oc- 
cidental ; employed in treatment of diabetes insip- 
idus. D. chylo'sus, chyluria. D. insip'idus, see 
Diabetes. D. lac'teus, chyluria. D. melliTus, see 
Diabetes. D., phosphat'ic, form of diabetes ac- 
companied with polyuria, loss of flesh, and thirst, and 
in which the phosphates are excreted in excess; 
usually the urine does not contain sugar. D., sac'- 
charine, D. mellitus. D. spu'rius, see Diabetes. D., 
ure'al, see Diabetes. D. ve'rus, diabetes mellitus. 
Diabetic, di-ah-bet'ik. Belating to diabetes; one 
having diabetes. D. cat'aract, cataract depending 
on complicated disturbances in the nutrition of the 
crystalline lens in diabetes. D. cen'tre, centre on 
floor of fourth ventricle of the brain; puncture of 
this spot is followed by diabetes mellitus. D. co'ma, 
coma occurring usually in that form of diabetes cha- 
racterized by rapid emaciation and cachexia. The 
urine is reduced in quantity, dyspnoea is generally 
present, there are nausea and vomiting, and the 
coma is fatal within two or three days. D. gan'grene, 
sphaseloderma. D. su'gar, see Glucose. 
Diabetometer, di-ab-et-om'et-ur (diabetes, metron, 
measure). Instrument consisting of a polariscope for 
estimating the quantity of sugar in diabetic urine. 
Diabotanum, de-ah-bot'an-um (dia, botane, herb). 
Medicine prepared with herbs. 
Diabrosis, de-ah-bro'sis (dia, broslco, to eat). Ero- 
sion, corrosion. 
Diabrotic, di-ah-bro'tik. Substance capable of 
causing erosion of the part to which it is applied; 
ordinarily a medicine whose activity places it between 
escharotics and caustics. See Corrosive. 
Diacaryon, de-ah-kar'e-on (dia, karuon, nut). The 
rob of nuts or of walnuts. 
Diacassia (de-ah-kas'se-ah) cum manna. Confectio 
cassise. 
Diacatholicon (de-ah-kath-ol'ik-on) or Diacathol'- 
icum (dia, katholikos, universal). Name of a purge, 
so called from its general usefulness. It was an DIACAUSIS 
electuary, and composed of the pulp of cassia, tama- 
rinds, leaves of senna, root of polypody, flowers of 
the violet, rhubarb root, aniseed, sugar, licorice, and 
fennel. 
Diacausis, de-ah-kaw'sis (dia, kaio, to burn). Exces- 
sive heat; overheating. Application of cautery. 
Diacaustic, de-a-kawst'ik. That which is caustic 
by refraction, as a double convex lens, which has 
sometimes been used for cauterizing an ulcer by di- 
recting the sun's rays upon it. 
Diaceturia, de-as-et-u're-ah (dia, acetiwn, acetic prod- 
uct, ouron, urine). Excretion of acetic acid in urine; 
of diacetic acid in abnormal urine, as in diabetes. 
Diacetylpiperazine. Derivative of piperazine. 
Diachalasis, de-ah-kal-as'is (dia, chalao, to be 
opened or relaxed). Fracture of the bones of the 
skull; or relaxation and separation of the sutures, in 
consequence of a wound of the head. 
Diachalasma, de-ah-kal-az'mah (dia, chalasma, dis- 
location). A fissure. 
Diacheirismus (de-ah-ki-riz'mus) or Diacheir'isis 
(dia, cheir, hand). Preparation, administration, and 
dispensing of medicines. 
Diachorema (de-ah-kor-a'mah) ot Diachore'sis (dia, 
choreo, to retire, to separate from). Every kind of 
excreted matter and excretion, particularly the feces 
and alvine excrement. D. xysmato'des, evacuation 
of shreds or patches of the mucous membrane of the 
bowels in malignant dysentery. 
Diachoresis, de-ah-kor-a'sis. Excretion. 
Diachoretic, de-ah-kor-et'ik. Laxative. 
Diachrisis, de-ak'ris-is (dia, chrio, to anoint). In- 
unction. 
Diachrisma, de-ak-ris'mah. Ointment. 
Diachrista, de-ah-christ'ah. Medicines applied as 
abstergents to the velum palati, the palate itself, the 
tongue, etc.-probably gargles. 
Diachylon (de-ak'il-on) or Diach'ylum (dia, chulos, 
j nice; i. e. composed of j uices). A plaster of this name 
was formerly made of certain juices. The term is 
now confined to emplastrum plumbi or lead plaster. 
D. gomme, emplastrum cum gummiresinis. D. gum, 
emplastrum gummosum.. D. cum gum'mi, emplas- 
trum gummosum. D. mag'num cum gum'mi, em- 
plastrum galbani comp. D. oint'ment, unguentum 
diachyli; Hebra's lead ointment; see Unguentum. D. 
sim'plex, emplastrum plumbi. D., white, emplastrum 
plumbi. D., yel'low, emplastrum gummosum. 
Diachyma, de-ak'im-ah (dia, chuma, fluid). Paren- 
chyma. 
Diachytica, de-ak-it'ik-ah (dia, chuo, to pour out, to 
melt). Medicines which discuss tumors. 
Diacinema, de-ah-sin-a'mah (dia, kineo, to move). 
Slight dislocation; subluxation. 
Diaclasia, de-ah-klaz'e-ah (diaklao, to break in 
two). Former method in which the bone was first 
broken and then followed by amputation. 
Diaclasis, de-ak'las-is (dia, klao, to break). Refrac- 
tion. 
Diaclast, di'ah-klast (dia, klao, to break off). Screw- 
pointed instrument for perforating the foetal skull. 
Diaclysis (de-ak'lis-is) or Diaclys'mus (dia, kluzo, 
to wash out). Rinsing or cleansing, especially of the 
mouth. 
Diaclysma, de-ah-kliz'mah. Gargle. 
Diaclysmus, de - ah - kliz' mus. Washing out the 
mouth; gargling. 
Diacodion (de-ah-ko'de-on) or Diacodium, de-ah- 
ko'de-um. Ancient preparation of poppies. The 
syrup of poppies-syrupus papaveris-is now substi- 
tuted for it. 
Diaccel, de'ah-seel (dia, through, koilia, cavity). 
Third ventricle of the brain. 
Diacope, de-ak'o-pe (dia, kopto, to cut). Abscis- 
sion, dissection, intersection. D. cra'nii, opening the 
head and separation of the bones of the cranium. 
D. en'cope, cut, incision, fissure, or longitudinal frac- 
ture ; generally an oblique incision made in the cra- 
nium by a sharp instrument, without the piece being 
removed. 
Diacopreegia, de-ah-kop-re'je-ah (dia, kopros, excre- 
324 
DIAGNOSIS 
ment, aix, goat). Medicine composed of goat's dung, 
which the ancients praised in diseases of the spleen, 
parotid, etc. 
Diacorallion, de-ah-kor-al'le-on. Ancient medicine 
which contained coral. 
Diacoustic, de-ak-oo'stik. Relating to diacoustics. 
Diacranian, de-ah-kra'ne-an (dia, lightly, kranion, 
skull). Attached to the skull by movable articula- 
tion, as the lower jaw. 
Diacrises, de-ak'ris-ees (dia, krino, to separate). 
Class of diseases characterized by alterations of secre- 
tion. 
Diacrisiography, di - ak - ris - e-og' raf - e (diakrisis, 
separation, graphs, description). Description of the 
organs of secretion. 
Diacrisis, de-ak'ris-is (dia, krino, to separate). Crit- 
ical discharge. Diagnosis from character of the crisis. 
Diacritic, di-ah-krit'ik. Diagnostic; distinguish- 
ing. 
Diacritica signa, de-ah-krit'ik-ah sig'nah (same 
etymon as Diacrises). Signs by which one disease 
can be accurately discriminated from another-differ- 
ential diagnosis. 
Diactinic, di-ak-tin'ik (dia, through, aktis, ray). 
Having the power of transmitting actinic rays. 
Diactinism, di-ak'tin-izm. The condition of being 
diactinic. 
Diad, di'ad (dis, twice). A bivalent element. 
Diadema, de-ah-da'mah (dia, deo, to bind, to bind 
round). A sort of bandage advised in headache in 
which relaxation of the sutures was apprehended. 
Diaderm, di'ah-durm (dis, twice, derma, skin). 
Blastoderm consisting of two layers, the ectoderm 
and entoderm. 
Diadermiatria, de-ah-dur-me-at-re'ah (dia, derma, 
skin, iatreia, medical treatment). Endermic method. 
Diadexis, de-ah-deks'is (dia, dechomai, to take or re- 
ceive, to transfer, to succeed to). Transformation of 
a disease into another differing from the former both 
in its nature and seat. 
Diadoche, de-ad'ok-e. Diadexis. 
Diadosls, de-ah-do'sis (diadidomi, to distribute). 
Distribution of nutritive matter-in other w'ords, nu- 
trition-over the whole body. Also remission or ces- 
sation of a disease. See Anadosis. 
Diaedoeus, de-e-de'us (di, aidoia, parts of genera- 
tion). Monster whose organs of generation and urin- 
ary bladder are double; condition only observed in 
animals. 
Diaeresis, de-a'res-is (dia, haireo, to take away, to 
divide). Division or solution of continuity. Surgi- 
cal operation consisting in dividing any part of the 
body. Hemorrhagia per dieeresin is hemorrhage owing 
to separation or division of vessels. D. un'guiae, 
falling off of the nails. 
Diseretic, di-e-ret'ik. Caustic. 
Diaeta, de-e'tah. Diet. D. car'nis, meat diet. D. 
ju'ris, see Diet. D. jus'culi, see Diet. D. lac'tea or 
lac'tis, milk diet; see Diet. D. sic'ca, dry diet. 
Diaetema, de-e-ta'mah. Diet; hygiene. 
Diaetetica, de-et-et'ik-ah (techne). Dietetics. 
Diaetheralysis, de-eth-er-al'is-is (dia, aither, ether, 
luo, to dissolve). Pharmaceutical process of extract- 
ing vegetable substances by maceration and displace- 
ment with ether. 
Diagnose, di-ag-noze'. Diognosticate. 
Diagnosis, di-ag-no'sis (dia, ginosko, to know). Dis- 
crimination. That part of medicine whose object is 
the discrimination of diseases and the knowledge of 
the pathognomonic signs of each; one of the most 
important branches of general pathology. See Symp- 
tom. D., clin'ical, diagnosis based upon symptoms 
which present themselves independently of the path- 
ological changes which cause them. D., differen'tial, 
study of the signs by which one disease can be accu- 
rately discriminated from another. D. by exclu'- 
sion, diagnosis obtained by critically comparing dis- 
eases which have analogous points with the affection 
under consideration, and after reviewing and finding 
some of the more important features lacking, arriv- 
ing at but one possible conclusion. D., patholog'- DIAGNOSTIC 
ical, diagnosis based on the character of a lesion irre- 
spective of its location. D., phys'ical, discrimination 
of diseases by physical signs afforded by auscultation, 
percussion, etc.; see Symptom. D., presumptive, di- 
agnosis which is not based on facts. D., retrospec'- 
tive, diagnosis based on a previous affection, the true 
character of which can only be arrived at by study- 
ing the history of the case and the effects which pre- 
sent themselves. D., symptomatic, diagnosis based 
on the most salient symptoms presented by a case. 
D., topographical, diagnosis in which the situation 
of a lesion is located. 
Diagnostic, di - ag - nos' tik. Symptom which is 
characteristic of a disease. 
Diagnos'ticate, sometimes Diagnose'. To discrimi- 
nate one disease or phenomenon from another. 
Diagnostication, di-ag-nost-i-ka'shun. The act of 
making a diagnosis. 
Diagnostician, di-ag-nost-ish'an. One experienced 
in diagnosis. 
Diagnostics. Art of diagnosis. 
Diagogometer (di-ah-go-gom'et-ur) or Diagometer, 
di-ah-gom'et-ur (diagoge, transmission, metron, meas- 
ure). Apparatus for estimating the conductivity of 
different bodies. 
Diagonal conjugate, di-ag'on-al kon'ju-gate. Con- 
jugate diameter. See Pelvis. 
Diagram, di'ah-gram. Schematic representation 
of the main points of a structure for the purpose of 
illustration. 
Diagraph, di'ah-graf (dia, grapho, to write). 
Instrument for delineating the outlines of the 
cranium. 
Diagrydium, de-a-grid'e-um (dakrudiori). Convol- 
vulus scammonia. D. cydonia'tum, D. glycyrrhiza'- 
tum, D. sulphura'tum, combinations of scammony 
with quince-juice, extract of licorice, and sulphur, re- 
spectively ; energetic purgatives. 
Diahydric, di-ah-hi'drik (dia, through, hudor, water). 
Applied to a sound, elicited by percussion, which is 
heard through intervening fluid. 
Dialeim'ma. Apyrexia. 
Dialeipsis, de-ah-leip'sis (dialeipo, to intermit). 
Apyrexia, intermission. 
Dialeipyra, de-ah-leip'er-ah (dialeipo, to intermit, 
pur, fever). Intermittent fever. 
Dialemma, de-ah-lem'mah (an interval). Apyrexia. 
Dialepsis, de-ah-lep'sis (dialambano, to intercept). 
Interstice or interval left between the turns of a 
bandage. 
Dialion, de-al'e-on. Heliotropium Europaeum. 
Dialipsis, de-a-lip'sis (dialeipo, to intermit). Apy- 
rexia, intermission. 
Dialysatus, de-al-is-a'tus. Dialyzed. 
Dialysis, di-al'is-is (dia, lusis, solution). Dissolu- 
tion or loss of strength ; weakness of the limbs; solu- 
tion of continuity. Dialysis is the separation of liq- 
uids-crystalloids and colloids, for example-as by 
an intervening piece of bladder or well-soaked parch- 
ment paper. 
Dialytic, di-al-it'ik. Pertaining to dialysis. 
Dialyzed, di'al-ized. Prepared by dialysis. 
Dialyzer, di'al-i-zur. Apparatus for dialyzing, 
which floats in pure water the crystalloids of the 
substance undergoing treatment passing through its 
membrane, while the colloids are retained by the 
same membrane. 
Diamagnet'ic. Movement eastward or westward, 
of copper or antimony and other substances, when 
introduced into the magnetic field. 
Diamassena, de-ah-mas-sa'nah (dia, masaomai, to 
chew). Masticatory. 
Diamastema, de-ah-mas-ta'mah. Masticatory. 
Diamba. Congo tobacco. 
Diambraa species, de-am'bre spe'shees. Name given 
by the ancients to powders. 
Diamenia, de-ah-me'ne-ah. Interruption of the 
menstrual flow. 
Diamesosteomyces, de-am-es-ost-a-om'is-ees (dia- 
mesos, in the middle line, osteon, bone, mukes, fungus). 
Fuugous growth in the substance of a bone. 
325 
DI APH ANOSCOPY 
Diameter of Baudelocque. External conjugate 
diameter of the pelvis. D. of Deven'ter, see Pelvis. 
Diameters (di-am'et-urz) of the fce'tal head. See 
Foetal head. D. of the pel'vis. See Pelvis. 
Diamet'ros or Diamet'rum. Diameter. 
Di'amine. Hydrazine. 
Diamines, di-am'eens. Compound formed by two 
hydrogen atoms in ammonia being replaced by a base. 
Diammonic, de-am-mon'ik. Having two molecules 
of ammonium. 
Diamnes, de-am'nes. Incontinence of urine. 
Diamond, di'mund. Most precious of all stones, 
and formerly conceived to possess extraordinary cor- 
dial virtues. D.-field fever, fever which prevails at 
times at the Cape of Good Hope. D.-fig mar'ygold, 
see Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. 
Diamorphosis, de-ah-morf-o'sis (dia, morp/iosis, 
shaping). Growing out or shaping. 
Diamorum, de-ah-mo'rum (dia, moron, mulberry). 
Syrup prepared with honey and mulberry-juice ; em- 
ployed as a gargle in sore throat. 
Diamotosis, de-a-mo-to'sis (dia, motos, charpie, lint). 
Introduction of lint into an ulcer or wound. 
Diamyl, di-am'il. Double molecule of amyl. 
Diamylic, di-am-il'ik. Containing diamyl. 
Diana, di'an-ah (after the goddess Diana). Silver. 
Dianancasmus, de-an-an-kas'mus (dia, anankazo, to 
force). Coaptation; reduction of a fractured or luxated 
limb. 
Diandria, de-and're-ah (dis, twice, aner, male). 
Condition in which the male organs are double. 
Diangeious, de-an'je-us (dis, twice, angeion, vessel). 
Possessing two vessels. 
Dianoea, de-an-e'ah. Thought, faculty of thinking. 
Dianoema, de-ah-no-a'mah (dia, noeo, to perceive). 
Imagination. 
Dianthera (de-an-the'rah) bifida. Species of East 
Indies, employed in infusion in rice-water against 
bites of venomous serpents. 
Dianthus caryophyllus, de-an'thus kah-re-o-fil'lus 
(dis, Jove, or dios, divine, anthos, flower, caryophyllwm, 
clove). Clove pink, Clove July flower, Gilliflower, Car- 
nation. Flowers were once much used, but are now 
only employed in syrup as a useful and pleasant 
vehicle for other medicines. 
Diapalma, de-ah-pal'mah. Plaster composed of 
equal parts of litharge, olive oil, axunge, water, a cer- 
tain quantity of sulphate of zinc dissolved in water, 
and white wax; classed among the topical, desicca- 
tive, emollient, resolvent, detersive, and cicatrizing 
medicines. With olive oil it forms the Cerate of dia- 
palma. 
Diapasma, de-ah-paz'ma (dia, passo, to sprinkle). 
Powder for sprinkling on a surface. 
Diapason, di-ah-pa'zun. Tuning-fork. D. ver'tex, 
process of determining hearing-power for a vibrating 
fork by placing the foot of the latter on the cranial 
vertex. 
Diapedesis, de-ah-ped-a'sis (dia, pedao, to leap 
through). Exhalation, as of blood, in the form of 
dew, at the surface of the skin or of any membrane; 
sweating of blood. 
Diapedetic, de-ah-ped-et'ik. Relating to diapedesis. 
Diapensia cortusa, de-ah-pen'se-a kor-tu'sah. San- 
icula. 
Diapentes (de-a-pen'tees) or Diapente, de-ah-pen'te 
(dia, pente, five). Medicine composed of five ingre- 
dients. See Diatessaron. 
Diaphane, di'ah-fane. Transparent membrane en- 
closing a sac or cell. 
Diaphaneity, di-ah-fan-e'it-e. Transparency. 
Diaphanic, di-ah-fan'ik. Transparent. 
Diaphanometer, di-ah-fan-om'et-ur (dia, through, 
phaino, to appear, metron, measure). Apparatus for 
determining the amount of solids contained in a 
liquid by noticing the degree of its transparency. 
Diaph/anoscope (diaphanes, transparent, skopeo, to 
examine). See Diaphanoscopy. 
Diaphanoscopy, di-a-fan-os'kop-e (diaphanes, trans- 
parent, skopeo, to examine). Examination of the 
interior of the body by the introduction of a power- DIAPHANOUS 
ful light into it, either reflected or electric, as through 
a diaphanoscope. 
Diaphanous, di-af'an-us. Transparent; said of 
serous membranes. 
Diaphemetric, di-af-em-et'rik. Relating to meas- 
urements of the tactile sensibility of parts, as dia- 
phemetric compasses. 
Diaphoenicon, de-a-fe'nik-on [dia, phoinix, date). 
Drastic electuary of which the date was the chief 
excipient. 
Diaphonic, di-ah-fon'ic. Relating to diaphonics. 
Diaphonics, di-ah-fon'iks [dia, through, phone, 
sound). Doctrine of refracted sounds. 
Diaphoresis, de-ah-for-e'sis [dia, phoreo, to convey, 
to dissipate). Greater degree of perspiration than 
natural, but less than in sweating; every kind of 
cutaneous evacuation. 
Diaphoretic, di-a-for-et'ik. Medicine which excites 
diaphoresis, that is, increases the secretion of sweat. 
This is effected by its action on the terminations of 
nerves in the glands, or on the sweat-centres, or by 
reflex actions through stimulation of the sensory 
nerves, or by mental stimuli. Diaphoretics are very 
uncertain as a class. They are all indirect agents, 
some sedative, others excitant, and cannot therefore 
be used indiscriminately in disease; see Sudorific. 
The epithet diaphoretic has also been given by some 
to continued fever accompanied with constant per- 
spiration. D. min'eral, antimonium diaphoreticum. 
Diaphoret'ico-sedati'vus. Diaphoretic and sed- 
ative. 
Diaphoreticum joviale, de-a-for-et'ik-um jo-ve- 
al'e. White oxide of antimony. 
Diaphotoscope, di-ah-fo'to-skope. Electric appara- 
tus by means of which hollow organs or canals can 
be illuminated. 
Diaphragm, di'ah-fram [dia, phrasso, to close). 
Large azygous muscle, stretched transversely be- 
tween the thoracic and abdominal cavities, which it 
separates from each other; tendinous in the centre; 
thin, almost circular, and unequally convex upward. 
It is fleshy at its circumference, which is attached to the 
ensiform cartilage, to the last six ribs, to the apo- 
neurosis stretched from the last rib to the transverse 
process of the first lumbar vertebrae, and, lastly, to 
the bodies of the first three or four lumbar vertebrae. 
When it contracts, its fibres become straight, the chest 
is enlarged, and the abdomen diminished. It is then 
an inspiratory muscle. It may also diminish the 
capacity of the chest, and be an expiratory muscle. 
This muscle plays an important part in sighing, yawn- 
ing, 'coughing, laughing, sobbing, crying, 
hiccoughing, singing, vomiting, and in the excretion 
of the feces and urine, the expulsion of the foetus, 
etc. D., pil'lars of, crura of the diaphragm. 
Diaphragma, de-ah-frag'ma. Diaphragm. D. au'ris, 
see Tympanum. D. cer'ebri, tentorium. D. hypo- 
phys'eos, see Operculum sellse. D. na'rium, septum 
narium. D. or'is, mylohyo'ideus. D. pel'vis, levator 
ani. D. pel'vis accesso'rium, urogenital diaphragm. 
D. pel'vis pro'prium, rectal diaphragm. D. secun- 
da'rium, mesocolon transversalis. D. sel'lse, fold of 
dura mater between the anterior and posterior clinoid 
processes of the sphenoid bone. D. urogenita'le, uro- 
genital diaphragm. D. ventriculo'rum latera'lium 
cer'ebri, septum lucidum. 
Diaphragmalgia, de-ah-frag-mal'je-ah [diaphragm, 
algos, pain). Pain in the diaphragm. 
Diaphragmatalgia, de-ah-frag-mat-al'je-ah. Dia- 
phragmalgia. 
Diaphragmatapostenia, de-ah-frag-mat-ap-ost-a' 
mah. Abscess in the diaphragm. 
Diaphragmatic, di-ah-frag-mat'ik. Phrenic; be- 
longing to the diaphragm; name given to several 
vessels and nerves. D. or Phren'ic ar'teries, these 
are distinguished into superior and inferior. The 
former, called also supradiaphragmatic, are two in 
number, one on each side. They arise from the in- 
ternal mammary, and descend along the phrenic 
nerve, to be distributed on the upper surface of the 
diaphragm. The latter, or infradiaphragmatic, are also 
326 
D1APNE 
two in number; they arise from the upper part of the 
abdominal aorta or from the cceliac artery, and divide 
into two principal branches, which are distributed on 
the lower surface of the diaphragm and in its sub- 
stance. The superior diaphragmatic veins follow the same 
course as the arteries, and empty themselves-the 
right, into the vena cava superior; the left, into the 
corresponding subclavian vein. The two inferior 
diaphragmatic veins open into the vena cava inferior. 
D. her'nia, Phrenic hernia, Diaphragmatocele. The ab- 
dominal viscera are occasionally protruded through 
the diaphragm, either through some of the natural 
apertures in the muscle, or through deficiencies or 
wounds or lacerations in it. D. nerves, Phrenic nerves, 
Internal respiratory of Sir Charles Bell, are two in 
number, one on the left side, the other on the right. 
They arise from the second and third nerves of the 
cervical plexus, about the middle of the neck, and 
receive two or three filaments from the brachial 
plexus, after which they descend into the chest at the 
sides of the pericardium, and are distributed to the 
diaphragm. D. pleu'risy, inflammation of that part 
of pleura which invests the diaphragm. D. plex'- 
uses are two in number, one right, and the other 
left. They arise from the upper part of the solar 
plexus by a small number of branches, which are 
distributed to the diaphragm, following exactly the 
branches of the inferior diaphragmatic arteries. D. 
ring, the irregularly quadrilateral aperture by which 
the vena cava inferior passes through the diaphragm. 
Diaphragmatitis, de-ah-frag-mah-te'tis. Inflamma- 
tion of the diaphragm. 
Diaphragmatocele, de-ah-frag-mat-o-se'le (Eng. di- 
ah-frag-mat'o-seel) (diaphragm, kele, rupture). Dia- 
phragmatic hernia. 
Diaphragmelcosis (de-ah-frag-mel-ko'sis) or Dia- 
phragmatelco'sis (diaphragma, helcosis, ulceration). 
Ulceration of the diaphragm. 
Diaphragnritis, de-ah-frag-me'tis. Inflammation 
of the diaphragm, the essential symptoms of which 
are painful constriction around the pnecordia, with 
small, quick, laborious breathing; a rare disease. 
Diaphragmocele, de-ah-frag-mo-se'le (Eng. di-ah- 
frag'mo-seel). Diaphragmatocele. 
Diaphragmodynia, de-ah-frag-mo-din'e-ah (dia- 
phragm, odune, pain). Muscular or other pain of 
the diaphragm. 
Diaphratton hymen, de-ah-frat'ton he'men (sepa- 
rating membrane). Mediastinum. D. membra'na, 
mediastinum. 
Diaphraxis, de-ah-fraks'is. Diaphragm. 
Diaphtherin. Oxychinaseptoil. Said to possess 
marked antiseptic properties. 
Diaphthora, de-af'thor-ah (dia, phtheiro, to cor- 
rupt). Corruption in general; more especially cor- 
ruption of the foetus in utero. Also corruption of 
the blood in the stomach. See Abortion. 
Diaphthoroscopium, de-af-thor-o-skop'e-um (diaph- 
thora, corruption, skopeo, to examine). Apparatus for 
examining the purity of the atmosphere. 
Diaphylactic, de-a-fil-ak'tik (dia, phulasso, to pre- 
serve). Prophylactic. 
Diaphyseal, de-ah-fis'e-al. Relating to a diaphysis. 
Diaphysis, de-af'is-is (diaphuo, to rise between). 
An interstice, interval, division. Anything separat- 
ing two bodies. Middle part or body of a long bone. 
A ligament of the knee. 
Diaphysitis, de-ah-fis-e'tis. Inflammation of the 
diaphysis of a bone. 
Diapia, de-ah'pe-ah. Diapyesis or suppuration; 
word also employed in opposition to Myopia. 
Diaplasis, de-ap'las-is (dia, plasso, to form). Con- 
formation, reduction. 
Diaplasmatic, di-a-plas-mat'ik. Name given to 
very small vessels which are supposed to connect 
capillaries and lymphatics. 
Diaplasmus, de-ah-plaz'mus. Conformation; re- 
duction. 
Diaplexus, de-ah-pleks'us. Choroid plexus of third 
ventricle of the brain. 
Diapne, de-ap'ne. Involuntary micturition. DIAPNEUSIS 
Diapneusis, de-ap-nu'sis {dia, pneo, to breathe or 
exhale). Perspiration. 
Diapnoe, de-ap'no-e. Perspiration. 
Dlapncea, de-ap-ne'ah. Perspiration. 
Diapnogenous (de-ap-noj'en-us) apparatus {diap- 
noe, gennao, to generate). See Perspiration. 
Diapnoicus, de-ap-no'ik-us. Diaphoretic. 
Diapnoid, di-ap'noid. Promotive of perspiration; 
diaphoretic. 
Diapodimorphine, de - ap - o - de - morf' een. Base, 
C62H72N4O10, obtained by treating codeine with hydro- 
chloric acid at a temperature of 100°. 
Diapophyses, de-ap-of'is-ees. Articular transverse 
processes, as of the vertebrae. 
Diaporema, de-ah-po-ra'mah {diaporeo, to doubt). 
Anxiety; jactitation. 
Diaprunum, de-ah-pru'num. Purgative electuary, 
of which the pulps of prunes and rhubarb formed the 
basis. 
Diapyema, de-ah-pe-a'mah {dia, puon, pus). Em- 
pyema ; suppuration. 
Diapyemata, de-ah-pe-a'mat-ah. Medicines which 
promote suppuration. 
Diapyesis, de-ah-pe-a'sis. Suppuration. D. oc'uli, 
hypopyon. 
Diapyetica, de-ah-pe-et'ik-ah. Medicines which 
promote suppuration. 
Diapyeticus, de-ah-pe-et'ik-us. Suppurative. 
Diapyon, de-ah'pe-on. Suppuration; empyema. 
Diarsemia, de-ah-re'me-ah (dia, rheo, to flow, haima, 
blood). Pathological condition in sheep in which 
the globules of the blood are diminished in quantity; 
the blood itself thinner, and transuding through the 
coats of the vessels into the cavities. 
Diaria, de-ah're-ah {dies, day). Ephemera. 
Diarrhage, de-ar'rhag-e {dia, rhegnumi, to break). 
Fracture. 
Diarrhea, di-ar-rhe'ah. Diarrhoea. 
Diarrheal, di-ar-rhe'al. Diarrhoeal. 
Diarrhectus, de-ar-rhek'tus. Severed. 
Diarrhetic, di-ar-rhet'ik. Diarrhoeal. 
Diarrhodon, de-ar'rod-on {dia, rhodon, rose). Name 
given to different compound medicines into which the 
red rose entered. 
Diarrhoea, di-ar-rhe'ah {dia, rheo, to flow). Diar- 
rhea, Lax, Looseness, Purging, Scouring. Disease cha- 
racterized by frequent liquid alvine evacuations, and 
generally owing to inflammation or to irritation of 
the mucous membrane of the intestines. It is com- 
monly caused by errors in regimen, the use of food 
noxious by its quality and quantity, etc., constituting 
the Diarrhoea stercoraria, D. crapulosa of writers; may 
be acute or chronic. Many varieties have been made 
by some nosologists-e. g. mucous, diarrhoea mucosa, 
blennochesia, blennochezia, mycodiarrhoea; and by 
some authors enteria, enteritis, diarrhoea catarrhosa 
or catarrhale, and erythemoides, under the idea that 
it is associated with an erythematous congestion of 
the mucous surface; bilious, ileocholosis, cholodiar- 
rhoea, diarrhoea biliosa; serous, hydrochezia, hydro- 
diarrhoea, orrhochezia-dependent upon the matters 
evacuated. Diarrhoea alba is a form of bowel disease 
sometimes epidemic in Barbadoes, the stools being 
white and milky. Diarrhoea requires different treat- 
ment, according to its nature. If caused, as it often 
is, by improper matters in the intestinal canal, these 
must be evacuated; and the astringent plan of treat- 
ment must not be adopted unless the discharges seem 
kept up by irritability of the intestines, or unless 
they are colliquative. Indiscriminate use of astrin- 
gents is to be deprecated. A very fatal diarrhoea pre- 
vailed among the native inhabitants of India-diar- 
rhoea hectica, because, like hectic fever, it seems to 
obtain habitual possession of the constitution, to ope- 
rate upon it with scarcely any perceptible inter- 
mission, and in general to defy the most powerful 
remedies. 
Diarrhoea ablactato'rum, brash weaning. D. 
ac'ida, characterized by green stools which smell sour, 
and by pains in the abdomen. D. adipo'sa, diarrhoea 
with fatty evacuations and great emaciation. D. al'ba, 
327 
DIASPERMATON 
see Diarrhoea. D., albu'minous, stools containing albu- 
min. D. cum apep'sid, lientery. D. ab aph/this, di- 
arrhoea due to aphthae. D. arthrit/ica, cceliagra. D. 
bilio'sa, see Diarrhoea. D., camp, variety of diar- 
rhoea occurring among soldiers. D. carno'sa, dysen- 
tery. D. catarrho'sa or catarrha'le, see Diarrhoea. 
D., cholera'ic, cholerine. D. chylo'sa, cceliac flux. 
D. chymo'sa, cceliac flux. D., Co'chin Chi'na, see Co- 
chin China. D., colliq'uative, see Colliquative. D. 
crapulo'sa, see Diarrhoea. D. cruen'ta, mixture of 
blood with excessive discharges from the bowels. D. 
dysenter'ica, stools contain much mucus. D. dys- 
pep'tica, lientery. D. erythemoi'des, see Diarrhoea. 
D., fat'ty, stools are liquid and contain fat or oil, fre- 
quently indicating a cancerous affection of the pan- 
creas. D. hepat/ica, species of diarrhoea in which 
the excreted matters are much mixed with bile. D. 
ab hypercathar'si, diarrhoea due to purging with 
drugs. D. ingesto'rum, lientery. D. ab inglu'vie, 
diarrhoea caused by excess in eating, and indigestion 
resulting therefrom. D. liente'ria or lienter'ica, 
lientery. D. muco'sa, see Diarrhoea. D., pab'ular, 
symptom of membranous enteritis. D. purulen'ta, 
diarrhoea accompanied with purulent discharges. 
D. sangulnolen'ta, D. cruenta. D. stercora'ria, 
see Diarrhoea. D., sudo'ral, diarrhoea associated 
with a disturbance of the functions of the skin, 
preventing the secretion of sweat, as in fevers 
accompanying suppuration, exanthematous fevers, 
etc. D. in uri'nd, diabetes. D. urino'sa, dia- 
betes. 
Diarrhoeal, di-ar-rhe'al. Diarrheal, Diarrhoeic, Di- 
arrhetic, Diarrhoetic. Relating to diarrhoea. 
Diarrhoeophthisis, de-ar-rhe-o-te'sis. Wasting away 
caused by chronic diarrhoea. 
Diarrhoeticus, de-ar-rhet'ik-us. Relating to or caus- 
ing diarrhoea. 
Diarrhoicus, de-ar-rho'ik-us. Diarrhoeal. 
Diarrhoischesis, de-ar-ro-is'ke-sis (diarrhoea, schesis, 
arrest). Arrest of a diarrhoea. 
Diarsenious, de-ar-sen'e-us. Containing two atoms 
of arsenic in the molecule. D. sul'phide, arsenic 
disulphide. 
Diarthrodial, di-ar-thro'de-al. Relating to diar- 
throsis or movable articulations; as diarthrodial ar- 
ticulation. Diarthrodial cartilages, or incrusting car- 
tilages, are cartilages which invest the articular ex- 
tremities of bones. See Articulations. 
Diarthrodic, di-ar-thro'dik. Diarthrodial. 
Diarthrosis, de-ar-thro'sis (dia, arthroo to articu- 
late). Movable articulation, one permitting the bones 
to move freely on each other in every direction, as in 
case of the shoulder-joint. D. rotato'rius, lateral gin- 
glymus. Movement is limited to rotation; the joint is 
formed by a pivot-like process turning within a ring, 
or the ring around a pivot, as in the atlo-axoid artic- 
ulation. 
Di/ary fe'ver. See Diaria. 
Diasatyrion, de-ah-sat-ir'e-un (dia, saturion, the 
Orchis mascula). Electuary, of which this plant 
formed the basis, supposed to excite the organs of 
generation. 
Diaschisis, de-as'kis-is. Division. 
Diascinci antidotus, de-as-sin'se an-tid'o-tus (dia, 
skinkos, kind of lizard). Mithridate. 
Dlascordium, de-as-kor'de-um (dia, skordion, water 
germander). Electuary so called because this plant 
entered into its composition, containing, according to 
the Codex, seventeen ingredients. Employed in diar- 
rhoea and dysentery as a tonic, stomachic, and as- 
tringent. See Pulvis cretee compositus. 
Diasostic, di-ah-sos'tik (dia, sozo, to preserve). Pro- 
phylactic. 
Diaspasis, de-as'pas-is (dia, spao, to draw). Rup- 
ture or laceration of organs by external violence. 
Diaspasma, de-ah-spaz'mah. Secretion. 
Diaspasmus, de-ah-spaz'mus. Rupture or lacera- 
tion of organs by external violence. 
Diaspermaton, de-ah-spur'mah-ton (dia, sperma, 
seed). Ancient name of two cataplasms composed 
of seeds. DIASPHYXIS 
Diasphyxis, de-ah-sfiks'is {dia, sphuzo, to strike, to 
beat). Pulse; also a violent beat of the pulse. 
Diastaltic, di-ah-stal'tik {dia, stello, to send). Epi- 
thet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to the reflex or 
excito-motory system of nerves, because the actions 
they induce are performed through the spinal mar- 
row as their essential centre. 
Diastasaamia, de-as-tah-sa'me-ah {diastasis, separa- 
tion, haima, blood). Pathological condition charac- 
terized by a separation of the elements of the blood- 
globules, the fibrin and albumen separating also from 
the coloring matter, while the fibrin attaches itself to 
the valves of the heart. 
Diastase, di'as-taze (same etymon as Diastasis). 
Vegetable principle, allied in its general properties to 
gluten, which appears in the germination of barley 
and other seeds, and by its presence converts the 
starch into grape-sugar and gum. See Maltine. 
Diastasic, di-as'ta-sik. Relating to diastase. 
Diastasimetry, di-as-tas-im'et-re {diastase, metron, 
measure). Measurement of quantity of diastase. 
Diastasis, de-as'tas-is {dia. histemi, to place; separa- 
tion ; division). Separation of bones, and. particularly 
of the bones of the cranium, from each other; of the 
radius from the ulna, and the fibula from the tibia. 
The ancients used this word to designate the three 
dimensions of the body-length, breadth, and thick- 
ness ; for the interval separating the patient from the 
physician; the swelling of varicose veins; the time 
at which some change occurs in disease, etc. D. dis- 
siden'tia, separation of bones. 
Diastatecphlogia, de-ah-stat-ek-flo'ge-ah {diastatli- 
kos, standing apart, ekphlogezo, to inflame). Discrete 
small-pox. 
Diastatic, di-as-tat'ik. Relating to diastase. Pos- 
sessing the power of converting starch into sugar. 
Diastema, de-ah-sta'mah. Diastasis; interstice. 
Diastematelytria, de-ah-stem-at-el-it're-ah (dias- 
tema, elutron, vagina). Organic deviation character- 
ized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the 
vagina. 
Diastematencephalia, de-ah-stem-at-en-sef-ah'le-ah 
{diastema, enkephalos, brain). Organic deviation con- 
sisting in a longitudinal division of the brain. 
Diastematenteria, de-ah-stem-at-ent-er'e-ah. Fis- 
sure of intestinal canal which extends longitudinally. 
Diastematia, de-ah-stem-ah'she-ah {diastema). Or- 
ganic deviation characterized by the presence of a 
fissure in the mesial line of the body. 
Diastematocaulia, de-ah-stem-at-o-kawl'e-ah {dias- 
tema, kaulos, trunk). Organic deviation characterized 
by a longitudinal division of the trunk. 
Diastematocheilia, de-ah-stem-at-o-ki'le-ah {dias- 
tema, cheilos, lip). Organic deviation consisting in a 
longitudinal division or fissure of the lip. 
Diastematocrania, de-ah-stem-at-o-kran'e-ah {di- 
astema, kranion, cranium). Organic deviation con- 
sisting in a longitudinal division of the cranium. 
Diastematocystia, de-ah-stem-at-o-sis'te-ah {diaste- 
ma, kustis, bladder). Organic deviation characterized 
by a longitudinal division of the urinary bladder. 
Diastematogastria, de-ah-stem-at-o-gas'tre-ah {di- 
astema, gaster, stomach). Organic deviation charac- 
terized by a longitudinal division of the stomach. 
Diastematoglossia, de-ah-stem-at-o-glos'se-ah {dias- 
tema, glossa, tongue). Organic deviation character- 
ized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the 
tongue. 
Diastematognathia, de-ah-stem-at-o-nath'e-ah {di- 
astema, gnathos, jaw). Organic deviation charac- 
terized by a longitudinal division of the jaw. 
Diastematometria, de-ah-stem-at-o-met're-ah {dias- 
tema, metra, womb). Organic deviation characterized 
by a longitudinal division or fissure of the womb. 
Diastematomyelia, de-ah-stem-at-o-me-el'e-ah {di- 
astema, fissure, muelos, marrow). Congenital division 
of spinal cord into two lateral halves; it occurs with 
anencephalia. 
Diastematopyelia, de-ah-stem-at-o-pe-el'e-ah {dias- 
tema, puelos, pelvis). Organic deviation characterized 
by a longitudinal division or fissure of the pelvis. 
328 
DIATRESIS 
Diastematorachia, de-ah-stem-at-o-rah'ke-ah (dias- 
tema, rhachis, spine). Organic deviation characterized 
by a longitudinal division or fissure of the spine. 
Diastematorhinia, de-ah-stem-at-o-rhin'e-ah (diaste- 
ma, rhis, nose). Organic deviation characterized by a 
longitudinal division of the nose. 
Diastematostaphylia, de-ah-stem-at-o-staf-il'e-ah 
(diastema, staphule, uvula). Organic deviation cha- 
racterized by a longitudinal division of the uvula. 
Diastematosternia, de-ah-stem-at-o-sturn'e-ah (di- 
astema, sternon, sternum). Organic deviation charac- 
terized by a longitudinal division of the sternum. 
Diastementeria, de-ah-stem-en-ter'e-ah (diastema, 
enteron, intestine). Organic deviation characterized 
by a longitudinal division of the intestine. 
Diaster, de-as'tur. See Amphiaster. 
Diastole, de-as'to-le (dia, stello, to dilate, to open). 
Dilatation of the heart and arteries when the 
blood enters their cavities; it is the opposite move- 
ment to systole, in which the heart and arteries con- 
tract to send forth the blood. Diastole and systole are 
consequently successive movements. Diastole, Motus 
cordis diastalticus, like systole, occurs simultaneously 
in the two ventricles; the almost inappreciable time 
which elapses between the diastole and systole has 
been called perisystole, and that which succeeds to the 
diastole, peridiastole. When we speak of the contrac- 
tion or systole of the heart, as well as of its diastole 
or dilatation, we mean only that of the ventricles; 
this dilatation is active. 
Diastoleus, de-as-tol'e-us. Dilator. 
Diastolic, de-as-tol'ik. Belonging to the diastole 
of the heart. D. im'pulse of the heart, see Impulse, 
diastolic. D. mur'mur, murmur heard over the heart 
during dilatation of that organ. D. thrill, vibration 
or thrill heard in the cardiac region during dilatation 
of the ventricle. 
Diastomotris, de-as-to-mo'tris (diastomoo, to dilate 
an aperture). Dilating instruments, such as the dif- 
ferent kinds of specula for the mouth, anus, vagina, 
etc. 
Diastremma, de-ah-strem'mah (dia, str epho, to turn). 
Distortion, perversion, sprain. 
Diastrophe, de-as'trof-e. Distortion, perversion, 
sprain. 
Dlastrophometry, de-as-trof-om'et-re (diastrophe, 
deformity, metron, measure). Art of measuring de- 
formities. 
Diatasis, de-at'as-is (dia, teino, to stretch, to dis- 
tend). Tension. Reduction of a fracture by exten- 
sion and counter-extension. 
Diatele, de-ah-ta'le. Roof of third ventricle of the 
brain. 
Diateretic, de-ah-ter-et'ik. Prophylactic. 
Diatessadelton, de-ah-tes-sah-del'ton. Bichloride 
of mercury. 
Diatessaron, de-ah-tes'sar-on (dia, tessares, four). 
Electuary into the composition of which entered four 
medicines; formerly employed in cases of stings and 
bites of venomous animals, and as a tonic. 
Diathermal, di-a-thur'mal. Possessing the prop- 
erty of diathermancy. 
Diathermancy, di-a-thur'man-se (dia, through, 
thermaino, to heat). Property of transmitting radiant 
heat. 
Diathesis, de-ath'es-is (dia, tithemi, to place, to dis- 
pose). Disposition, constitution, affection of the body; 
predisposition to certain diseases rather than to oth- 
ers. The principal diatheses mentioned by authors are 
the cancerous (cancerism), scrofulous (scrofulism), scor- 
butic, rheumatic, gouty (podagrism), and calculous. 
D., aneuris'mal, see Aneurism. D., dar'trous, see 
Dartre. D. hsemorrhoida'lis, see Hemorrhoids. D., 
hemorrhag'ic, see Hsematophilia. D. nervo'sa, ner- 
vous diathesis. D. purulen'ta, see Pyaemia. D., rheu- 
mat'ic, see Rheumatic. D. sthen'ica, sthenia. 
Diathetic (di-a-thet'ik) or Diathet'ical. Relating or 
appertaining to a diathesis, as " diathetical diseases," 
Diathetici morbi, gout and cancer, for example. 
Diatresls, de-ah-tra'sis (dia, trao, to perforate). Per- 
foration. DIATRIMMA 
Diatrimma, de-ah-trim'mah (dia, tribo, to rub). 
Chafing. 
Dlatritarii, de-ah-trit-ah're-e (dia, tritos, third). 
Those were so called who pretended to cure dis- 
eases by subjecting the patient to treatment every 
third day. 
Diatritos, de-at'rit-os. Relating to every third day, 
and the means then used by the Methodists to cure 
diseases. 
Diatrypesis, de-ah-trip-a'sis (diatrupao, to perfo- 
rate). Arrangement of serrations of a cranial suture, 
interlocking with one another. 
Diazoma, de-ah-zo'mah (dia, zonnumi, to girdle). 
Diaphragm. 
Dia'zo-reac'tion (known as Ehrlich's reaction). 
Method employed in typhoid fever for determining the 
quantity of urea. To equal quantities of urine and 
sulphanilic acid in a test-tube sodium nitrate is 
added; ammonia (1 cubic cm.) is then added care- 
fully, which forms a brownish-red ring at the junc- 
tion of the two liquids. 
Diazoster, de-ah-zos'tur (zoster, girdle). Twelfth 
vertebra of the back, because it corresponds to the 
girdle. 
Diazostra, de-ah-zos'trah. Diaphragm. 
Dibasic, di-ba'zik (dis, twice, basis). Relating to 
acids in which two atoms of hydrogen are replaceable 
by a base. 
Diblas'tic (di, blastos, germ). Having two sources 
of origin in some diseases. 
Dibothrium latum, de-both're-um lat'um (di, 
bothrion, a small pit). Bothriocephalus latus. 
Dibro'methane. Ethylene bromide. 
Dicelyphous, di-sel'e-fus (dis, twice, keluphos, shell). 
Possessing a double shell; said of eggs. 
Dicentra Canadensis, de-sen'trah kan-ad-en'sis 
(di, kentron, spur). Squirrel corn, Colic weed. Indig- 
enous plant, the flowers having the odor of hya- 
cinths ; given internally in syphilis, and applied 
externally in syphilis and gonorrhoea. D. exim'ia, 
North American species ; root is said to have tonic, 
alterative, and diuretic virtues. D. succulla'ria, 
Dutchman's breeches; has same medicinal properties 
as D. Canadensis. 
Dicephalium, de-sef-al'e-um (di, kephale, head). 
Large sarcoma on the head, seeming to form a double 
head. 
Diceph'alous. Double-headed. See Dicephalus. 
Dicephalus, de-sef'al-us (where the duplication 
extends to the neck). Janus. Monster with two 
heads. D. dian'cheros, each head has a separate 
neck. D. dibrach'ius, dicephalus with two arms. D. 
heteroceph'alus, two-headed monster in which one 
head is larger than the other. D. monan'cheros, 
dicephalus in which there is one neck. D. tetra- 
brachius, variety of dicephalus having four arms. 
D. tribrach'ius, variety of dicephalus having three 
arms. D. trip'us, dicephalus having three feet. 
Dlceras rudis, de'ser-as ru'dis (di, keras, horn). 
Ditrachyceras rudis. See Worms. 
Dichalcon, de-kal'kon. Weight equal to a third 
part of the obolus. 
Dichastic, di-kas'tic (dichazo, to divide into two 
parts). Capable of spontaneous division. 
Dicheterocephalus, dik-et-er-o-sef'al-us (dicha, two- 
fold, heteros, different, kephale, head). Dicephalus 
heterocephalus. 
Dichloracetlc acid, de-klor-as-e'tik as'id. Colorless 
liquid of disagreeable odor and possessing caustic 
properties; derived from acetic acid by substituting 
two atoms of chlorine for two atoms of hydrogen. 
Dichlor ethane, de-klor-e'thane. Colorless transpa- 
rent liquid, soluble in alcohol and ether; product of 
ethane by substituting two atoms of chlorine. 
Dichlormethane, de-klor-me'thane. Dichloride of 
methane; methylene chloride. 
Dichonchonine, di-kon'cho-neen. Dicinchonicine. 
Dichophyia, dik-o-fe'ah(dic/ia, double,phuo, to grow). 
Disease of the hairs in which they split and grow 
forked. 
Dichop'sis gut'ta. Isonandra gutta. 
329 
DIDUCTIO EPIPHYSIUM 
Dichot'omous (dicha, double, tome, division). Divid- 
ing regularly into pairs, as the branching of arteries. 
Dichroism, dik'ro-izm. Property possessed by some 
transparent bodies, by which, depending upon the di- 
rection in which rays of light pass through them with 
reference to the position of the eye, they assume two 
different colors; haemoglobin crystals then appear 
bluish-red and scarlet-red. 
Dichromic vision, di-kro'mik vizh'un. Dichrom- 
ism; achromatopsia. 
Dichromism, dik-ro'mizm (di, chroma, color). Di- 
chromic vision. Form of color-blindness in which one 
of the primary colors, usually red, is not recognized. 
See Achromatopsia and Dichroism. 
Dichromus, dik-ro'mus {di, chroma, color). Verbena 
officinalis. 
Diciatria, dis-e-at-re'ah (dike, justice, iatreia, medi- 
cine). Medicine, legal. 
Dicinchonicine, di-sin-kon'is-een. Alkaloid from 
cinchonine and cinchonidine. 
Dicinchonine, di-sin'kon-een. C38H44N4O2. Alka- 
loid obtained from bark of Cinchona rosulenta and C. 
succirubra. 
Diclidon'osus (diklis, double door, nosos, disease). 
Disease of the valves of the heart. 
Diclidostosis, dik-lid-os-to'sis (diklis, locked, ostosis, 
ossification). Ossification of the valves of the heart. 
Diclis, dik'lis. Valve. 
Dicochemia, dik-o-kem-e'ah {dike, jurisprudence, 
chemeia, chemistry). Forensic chemistry; medical 
jurisprudence. 
Diconchinine, di-kon'chin-een. Diquinidine ; alka- 
loid of cinchona. 
Dicoryphus, de-kor'if-us (di, koruphe, crown of the 
head). Monster with a double vertex or cranium. 
D. dihypogas'trius, monster in which twins are 
united from the navel to the vertex. 
Dicranus, dik'ran-us (di, kranion, skull). Monster 
with a double vertex or cranium. 
Dicrotal (dik-ro'tal) or Dicrotic, dik-rot'ik. Dic- 
rotous. 
Dicrotism, dik-ro'tizm. Dicrotous condition of 
pulse. 
Dicrotous, dik'ro-tus (di, kroteo, to strike). Dicrotic, 
Dicrotal. Epithet given to the pulse when it seems 
to beat twice as fast as usual; also synonymous with 
the term rebounding, the artery rebounding after strik- 
ing, so as to convey the sensation of a double pul- 
sation. It has been considered, and with truth, to 
frequently foretell hemorrhage. In bad cases of 
typhus it certainly announces such a tendency. See 
Pulse, dicrotic. 
Dictamnus albus, dik-tam'nus al'bus (Dikte, a moun- 
tain of Crete). White fraxinella, Bastard dittany. 
Fresh root is nervine, anthelmintic, and emmena- 
gogue. D. Cre'ticus, Origanum dictamnus. D. frax- 
ineVla, Dictamnus albus. 
Dictoides, dik-to-e'dees (diktuon, net, eidos, resem- 
blance). Reticular. 
Dictyitis, dik-te-e'tis. Retinitis. 
Dictyon, dik'te-on. Network. 
Dictyopsia, dik - te - op'se - ah (diktuon, net, opsis, 
vision). Morbid condition in which net-like objects 
are floating before the eyes. 
Dicypellium (dis-e-pel'le-um) caryophylla'tum (dis, 
twice, kupellon, cup). Brazilian tree; bark furnishes 
cassia caryophyllata. 
Didactyle, di-dak'til (dis, twice, daktulos, finger). 
Possessing only two fingers or toes. 
Didactylia, de-dak-til'e-ah (dis, daktulos'). Condi- 
tion in which there are only two fingers or two toes 
on hands or feet. 
Did'ay's operation for webbed fingers consists in 
separating the fingers, and securing flaps from the dor- 
sal side of one finger and the palmar side of the other. 
Didelphys, de-del'fis (di, delphus, uterus). State in 
which there is a double uterus. D. cancrir'ora, crab- 
eating opossum of S. America; said to enter into the 
preparation of curare. 
Diductio epiphysium, de-duk'she-o ep-if-is'e-um. 
See Epiphyses. DIDYMALGIA 
Didymalgia, did-im-al'je-ah (didumoi, testicles, 
algos, pain). Pain in the testicles. 
Didymis, did'im-is. Epididymis. 
Didymitis, did-im-e'tis Hernia humoralis. 
Didymus, did'im-us. Gemellus; testicle. D. 
symphyogas'trius, gastrodidymus. D. symphyo- 
hypogas'trius, hypogastrodidymus. D. symphyo- 
perinae'us, pygodidymus. D. symphyothoracogas'- 
trius, thoracogastrodidymus. 
Die. See Expiration. 
Diecbolion, de-ek-bol'e-on (di, ekballo, to cast out). 
Name given by the ancients to a remedy which they 
believed capable of producing abortion. 
Dieffenbach'ia segui'na. Dumb cane; native of 
West Indies; juice is exceedingly poisonous; plant 
has been recommended in dropsy. 
Dieffenbach's operation. 1. For restoring the 
upper lip when the central part of the lip is deficient; 
consists in two incisions from the apex of the defect 
and extending them to the alfe of the nose. The two 
flaps obtained by these incisions are detached and 
connected in the median line; the mucous membrane 
forms the margin of the new lip. 2. For ectropium 
of lower lip with cicatrix; a flap of normal tissue is 
used to replace the cicatrix. 
Dielectric, di-el-ek'trik. Medium admitting of the 
passage of electricity either by induction or disruptive 
discharge. 
Diencephalon, de-en-sef'al-on (di, encephalon). One 
of the principal secondary divisions of the primordial 
medullary tube, the Interbrain, corresponding to the 
German Zwischenhirn. It includes the thalami op- 
tici, pineal gland, pituitary body, third ventricle, and 
optic nerve. 
Dieret'ic. Escharotic; corrosive. 
Diervilla trifida, de-ur-viriahtrif'id-ah. Bush honey- 
suckle. Indigenous plant of the Honeysuckle tribe; 
has been used as a diuretic, and in gonorrhoea and 
syphilis. 
Dies, de'es (a day). The day is, properly, the 
period during which the solar light illumines our 
horizon; but commonly, also, we designate by the 
word day the period of 24 hours. In antiquity great 
importance was attached to the observation of days in 
disease. The medical day is usually reckoned at 24 
hours--universally, in estimating the duration of a 
disease. As regards the administration of medicine, 
if a medicine be ordered to be taken four times a day, 
it is generally understood to mean during the 12 
hours of day. D. canicula'res, see Canicula. D. 
contemplab'iles, critical days. D. contemplan'tes, 
indicating days. D. crit'ici, critical days. D. de- 
creto'rii, critical days. D. indican'tes, indicating 
days. D. indicato'rii, indicating days. D. in'dices, 
indicating days. D. internun'tii, critical days. D. 
judicato'rii, critical days. D. radica'les, critical 
days. 
Diet, di'et. Originally it signified nearly the same 
thing as Hygiene and Regimen. At the present day 
it usually signifies a particular kind or system of food 
and drink. Also abstinence, as putting any one upon 
diet to deprive him of his usual nourishment. The 
terms milk diet, Diseta lactis; flesh or meat diet, 
Diseta carnis; soup or broth diet, Diaeta juris or jus- 
culi, etc., explain themselves. See Aliment, Hygiene, 
and Regimen. D., broth, see Diet. D., drink, decoc- 
tion or potion, variously composed, and used in con- 
siderable quantity, for the purpose of purifying the 
blood. The Decoctum Lusitanicum, or Lisbon diet- 
drink, is one of the most celebrated. See Decoctum 
sarsaparillse compositum. D., dry, diet in which there 
is but a small or no allowance of fluid. D., flesh, see 
Diet. D., meat, see Diet. D. scale, dietary. D., 
slop, slops. D., soup, see Diet. 
Dietary, di'et-a-re. A regulated diet or allowance 
of food. Every large hospital, military or civil, 
every prison and eleemosynary institution of every 
kind, has certain dietetic regulations, and many of 
them have tables of dietary or diet scales, which 
are more or less implicitly followed. See Diet and 
Food. 
330 
DIGASTRICUS 
Dieters (de'ters), cells of. See Corti. D., processes 
of, see Processes of Dieters. 
Dietetic, di-et-et'ik. Eelating or appertaining to 
dietetics or to diet. 
Dietetics, de-et-et'iks. Branch of medicine com- 
prising the rules to be followed for preventing, re- 
lieving, or curing diseases by diet. Dietetics is diet 
administered according to principle, an important 
part of hygiene. A well-regulated system of diet 
may check disease and also prevent it. Knowledge 
of dietetics is, indeed, as important as that of the 
materia medica. 
Dietetists, di-et-et'ists. Physicians who apply only 
the rules of dietetics to the treatment of disease. 
Diethylamine, di-eth-il'am-een. Secondary amine 
of ethyl; colorless, inflammable liquid with marked 
ammoniacal odor. Also a non-poisonous ptomaine 
generated during putrefaction of some fish, poisonous 
sausage, etc. See Ptomaines (table). 
Diethylendiamine, di-eth-il-en'de-am-een. Piper- 
azin. 
Diethylsulphondiethylme 'thane. Tetronal. 
Diethylsulphondimethylmethane, di-eth-il-sul'fon- 
di-meth-il-meth'an. Sulphonal. 
Diethylsulphonmethylethylme'thane. Trional. 
Dietic, di-et'ik. Eelating or appertaining to diet. 
D. diseases, such as are produced by diet in its 
enlarged sense, as scurvy, rickets, alcoholism, etc. 
Dieurysmus, de-u-riz'mus (dia, euruno, to dilate). 
Dilatation. 
Diexodus, de-eks'od-us (dia, exodos, exit or way out). 
Any excretory opening. 
Dif, as a prefix. See Di. 
Differential diagnosis, dif-fer-en'shal di-ag-no'sis. 
See Diacritica. 
Differentiation, dif-fer-en-she-a'shun (differo, to be 
different). Development of membranes, organs, 
functions, etc. That phenomenon which, as affecting 
living matter, Herbert Spencer defines as passage from 
an indefinite incoherent homogeneity to a definite 
coherent heterogeneity. 
Difflcultas intestinorum, dif-fe-kul'tas in-tes-tin-o'- 
rum (difficulty of the intestines). Dysentery. 
Difflatio, dif-flah'she-o (dif, flo, to blow away). Per- 
spiration. 
Dif'fluence. Condition of being diffluent. 
Dif'fluent. Semi-fluid. 
Diffraction, dif-frak'shun. The deflection rays of 
light experience when passing close to the edge of a 
body or through a narrow aperture. 
Diffuse'. To spread over a surface or through a 
mass, either by the production of greater tenuity in 
matter or by dissemination with force, as with elec- 
tricity. Also used adjectively in the sense of diffused, 
as diseases-inflammation, aneurism, etc. 
Diffusible, dif-fu'zib'l (dif fundo, to pour-to pour 
apart or abroad). Stimulating medicines are so called 
which speedily pass through the system and augment 
the action of the vascular and nervous systems in an 
acute but transitory manner. 
Diffusion, dif-fu'zhun. Dissemination. D. cir'cle, 
imperfect image resulting from incomplete focussing. 
D., liquid, intermixing of fluids or solutions with 
each other directly. See Dialysis. 
Digas'tric (di, gaster, belly). Having two bellies, as 
a muscle so arranged. D. fos'sa, see Fossa. 
Digastricus, de-gas'trik-us (gaster, belly). Name 
formerly given to several muscles, now restricted to 
one of the muscles of the superior hyoid region. The 
digastricus is thick and fleshy at its extremities, thin 
and tendinous at its middle; is attached to the mas- 
toid groove of the temporal bone, and to a fossette at 
the side of the symphysis menti. Its tendon passes 
through an aponeurotic ring which is attached to the 
os hyoides. The digastricus depresses the lower jaw 
or raises the os hyoides, and carries it forward or 
backward, as in deglutition. The strong double- 
bellied muscle which forms the gizzard of birds is 
also called Digastricus. D. cran'ii, occipitofrontalis. 
D. maxil'lse inferio'ris or D. os'sis hyoi'dei, digas- 
tric muscle. D. nerve, see Nervus digastricus. DIGENESIS 
Digenesis, de-jen'es-is (dis, twice, genesis). See 
Generation. 
Digenetic, di-jen-et'ik. Relating to diseases. 
Digenia, de-jen'e-ah. See Generation. 
Digeny, dij'en-e (di, genesis, generation). See Gen- 
eration. 
Digerens, dij'er-enz. Digestive. 
Digerentia, dij'er-en-she-ah (di, gero, to carry, to 
digest). Digestives. 
Digest'ant. Remedying or aiding digestion, as 
pepsin, ptyalin, etc. Ferment or acid that produces 
solution of the food in the alimentary canal. 
Digestibility, de-jes-tib-il'it-e. Capability with 
which food can be digested. 
Digestible, di-jes'tib'l (digero, to digest, habilis, 
able). Capable of being digested. All food is not 
equally digestible, and some of the most important 
are the least so-the fat of meat, for example. Cer- 
tain substances, again, are entirely rebellious. As a 
general rule, albuminous aliments-as tender mutton 
and beef-are the most easily appropriated. 
Dr. Beaumont, from his experiments on Alexis St. 
Martin, who had a gastric fistula, prepared the fol- 
lowing table of the digestibility of various articles of 
food, based on the length of their stay in the stomach ■ 
although this is not an absolute proof of digestibility ; 
331 
DIGITALIC 
not to the time actually required for true digestion 
and solution. 
Digestio, de-jes'te-o. Digestion. D. deprava'ta, 
dyspepsia. D. diffic'ilis, dyspepsia. D. Ise'sa, dys- 
pepsia. 
Digestion, di-jest'yun (digero, to digest). Digestive 
process. The function by means of which alimentary 
substances, when introduced into the digestive canal, 
undergo different alterations. See Canal, alimentary. 
The object of it is to convert them into two parts : the 
one, a reparatory juice, destined to renew the per- 
petual waste occurring in the economy; the other, 
deprived of its nutritious properties, to be rejected 
from the body. This function is composed of a series 
of organic actions, differing according to the particular 
organization of the animal. In man they are eight in 
number-viz. prehension of food, mastication, insal- 
ivation, deglutition, action of the stomach, action of 
the small intestine, action of the large intestine, ex- 
pulsion of the feces. Digestion is also a pharmaceu- 
tical operation which consists in treating certain solid 
substances with water, alcohol, or other menstruum, 
at a slightly elevated temperature, in a sand-bath for 
example, or by leaving them exposed for some time 
to the sun. D., artificial, that which is effected out- 
side of the stomach by admixture of materials like those 
of the gastric juice, or by the gastric juice itself. 
Digestive, di-jes'tiv. Relating to digestion. See 
Digestives. D. apparatus, see Digestion. D. fer'- 
ments, enzymes contained in digestive fluids, as pep- 
sin, trypsin, etc.; see Ferments. D. juices, see Gastric 
juice, Pancreatic juice, Succus entericus, etc., and Fer- 
ments, digestive. D. or'gans, the alimentary canal and 
its appendages. D. principle, pepsin. D. pro'cess, 
digestion. D. text'ure, the particular organic condi- 
tion of substances affecting their digestibility. D. 
tube, canal, alimentary. 
Digestives. Substances which, when applied to a 
wound or ulcer, promote suppuration; as ceratum 
resin®, warm cataplasms, fomentations, etc. Such 
substances are vulgarly termed drawing. Also reme- 
dies which aid digestion. 
Digestivus, de-jes-te'vus. Relating or appertaining 
to digestion ; see also Digestives. 
Digit, dij'it. Digitus. D., supernumerary, super- 
numerary finger; may be owing to hereditary trans- 
mission. 
Digital, dij'it-al (digitus, a finger). Having the 
shape of a finger; digitated. Belonging to or pro- 
duced by the fingers, as digital compression, digital 
examination. The appendix vermiformis c®ci is 
sometimes called the digital appendix. D. ar'teries, 
veins, and nerves are those distributed to the 
fingers. D. bur's®, small subcutaneous burs® over 
the knuckles and the backs of the joints of the fingers. 
D. cav'ity, Ancyroid cavity; occipital portion of the 
lateral ventricle of the brain. D. compres'sion, see 
Compression. D. dilata'tion, dilatation of a canal or 
cavity with the finger. D. examination or explora'- 
tion, examination of any part with the finger. D. 
fos'sa of fe'mur, see Fossa, trochanteric. D. f. of 
tu'nica vagina'lis, depressions occurring where 
the tunic is reflected from the testes to the epi- 
didymis. D. impres'sions, slight depressions observ- 
able on the inner surface of the bones of the cranium, 
which correspond to the cerebral convolutions; see 
Impressions. 
Digitalacrin, dij-it-al-ak'rin. Resin derived from 
digitalis. 
Digitale, dij-it-al'e. Finger-stall. Small iron 
instrument for measuring the dimensions of the 
pelvis, which, when placed at the end of the 
index finger, adds to its length and enables it to 
reach the promontory of the sacrum. 
Digitalein, dij-it-al'e-in. Glucoside from digitalis 
having properties of digitaline and digitoxin. 
Digitaletin, dij-it-al-et'in. Principle derived from 
digitalis. 
Digitalia, dij-it-al'e-ah. See Digitalis. 
Digitalic, dij-it-al'ik. Appertaining or relating to 
digitalis, as digitalic poisoning. 
Food. 
Mode of 
Time required 
preparation. 
for digestion. 
Hours. 
Min. 
Rice 
.cooked 1 
Pigs' feet 
Eggs, beaten 
• " j 
Mountain trout .... 
.cooked 
1 
30 
White sweet apples . . . 
. raw J 
Sago 
.cooked 
Brain 
. " 
Milk 
Ox liver 
. fried 
Codfish 
.cooked 
Sour apples 
. raw 
. . . . 
Eggs 
<* 
Salad 
Milk 
uncooked .... 
2 
15 
Turkey, wild 
roasted 
2 
18 
" tame 
cooked 
2 
25 
Wild goose 
Sucking pig 
. roasted 
Boiled beans 
Potatoes 
. roasted 
.... 
2 
30 
Lamb 
Marrow of backbone . . 
.cooked 
2 
40 
Chicken fricasse .... 
Beef 
} ' ' ' 
2 
45 
Hard sour apples .... 
2 
50 
Oysters 
" with bread . . . 
2 
55 
3 
Il 
. steamed 
3 
30 
Eggs 
. cooked but little 
Beefsteak 
Ham 
. raw . 
3 
Lean beef 
Cake 
roasted 
Wheat bread 
Old cheese 
Potatoes 
Hard eggs 
.cooked 
Mutton soup 
Oyster " 
■ . . . . 
3 
30 
White turnips 
Sausage 
Very fat beef 
Mutton 
.cooked 
3 
38 
Dry bread with potatoes 
45 
Bread and butter and coffee 
1 • • • • 
Beans 
.cooked 
Pork 
. roasted 
3 
50 
Tame fowl 
.cooked 
Beef 
. roasted 
Salted salmon 
.cooked 
Veal 
. fried 
Soup made of tough beef 
Cartilage. . 
.cooked 
Tame duck 
. roasted 
Soup made of pork and veg- 
etables 
• . . . . 
4 
15 
Corned beef 
Wild duck 
Tendons 
. roasted 
.cooked 
4 
30 
Suet 
r • • • • 
. 5 
30 
The time given in above table applies in reality 
only to the time in which the food leaves the stomach, DIGITALINE 
Digitaline, dij'it-al-een. See Digitalis. 
Digitalinum, dij-it-al-e'num. See Digitalis. 
Digitaliretin, dij-it-al-ir-e'tin. Product of dilute 
acid upon soluble digitaline. See Digitalis. 
Digitalis, dij-it-al'is (digitale, because its flower re- 
sembles a finger-stall). Bacchar, Baccar, Foxglove, 
order Scrophularinese. The leaves of this plant, col- 
lected from plants of the second year's growth, Digita- 
lis (Ph. U. S. and Br.), indigenous in Great Britain, are 
cardiac tonics, diuretic, and sorbefacient. Digitalis 
stimulates the cardiac muscle, and renders its contrac- 
tions slower and stronger; in moderate doses tending 
to remove already existing irregularity of the heart's 
contractions. In over-doses digitalis causes vomiting, 
purging, dimness of sight, vertigo, delirium, hiccough, 
convulsions, and death-all the symptoms, in short, 
which characterize the acronarcotic class of poisons. 
Its active principle is called Digitaline or Digitalin, 
Digitalia, Digitalium, Digitalinum, Digitin, Digitoxin. 
The dose, to commence with, is gr. or gr. 
Several other principles have also been obtained 
from digitalis, as Digitaliretin, Digitalose, Digitallin, 
Digitin, Digitoxin, etc. Digitalis has been adminis- 
tered in inflammatory diseases, phthisis, active hem- 
orrhage, dropsy, delirium tremens, etc. The average 
dose is one grain, in pill, repeated every six or eight 
hours; it is usually administered in tincture in the 
dose of five or ten drops, but as the drug is cumu- 
lative in its action it must not be continued, especially 
in full doses, more than a few days. When cardiac 
tonics are pushed too far syncope may ensue and be 
fatal, so that the patient should be kept in a recum- 
bent position. D. min'ima, Gratiola officinalis. 
Digitalium, dij-it-al'e-um. See Digitalis. 
Digitalose, dij'it-al-oze. See Digitalis. 
Digitalosmin, dij-it-al-oz'min (digitalis, osme, odor). 
Odoriferous principle of digitalis. 
Digitaria (dij-it-ah're-ah) dac'tylon. Cynodon dac- 
tylon. 
Digitate, dij'it-ate. Possessing finger-like processes. 
Digitation, dij-it-a'shun. Division into processes 
having the form of fingers; several muscles, as the 
serrati, exhibit digitations similar to those which the 
fingers form when held separate. 
Digitationes tubarum Fallopii, dij-it-ah-she-o'nees 
tu-bah'rum fal-lo'pe-e. See Tube, Fallopian. 
Digitin, dij'it-in. One of the principles existing in 
digitalis; crystallizable, tasteless substance, devoid 
of physiological action. 
Digitium, dij-ish'e-um. Desiccation or atrophy of 
the fingers. See Paronychia. 
Dig'ito-fib'ular ar'teries. Digital arteries on fibu- 
lar side. 
Digitonin, dij-it'o-nin. Principle found in German 
digitalis, resembling saponin. 
Digito-radial, dij'it-o-ra' de-al. Situated on radial 
side of fingers, as digito-radial arteries. 
Digitorum tensor, dij-it-o'rum ten'sor. Extensor 
brevis digitorum pedis. 
Digito-tibial, dij'it-o-tib'e-al. Situated on tibial 
side of the toes, as digito-tibial arteries. 
Digito-ulnar, dij'it-o-ul'nar. Situated on ulnar 
side of fingers, as digito-ulnar arteries. 
Digitox'in. Poisonous glucoside from digitalis; 
dose, gr. to 
Digitus, dij'it-us. Digit, Hallex, Allex. Finger. Name 
given to the prolongations forming the extremity of 
the hand. There are five on each hand: the first, the 
thumb; the second, the index; the third, the middle 
or long finger; the fourth, ring finger; and the fifth, 
the little finger or ear finger. All of these have three 
phalanges, except the first, which has only two. D. 
annula'ris, ring finger. D. auricula'ris, fourth 
finger. D. cor'dis, fourth finger. D. demonstrati'- 
vus or demonstrato'rius, index finger. D. famo'sus, 
middle finger. D. Hippocrat'icus, finger, Hippo- 
cratic. D. impudi'cus, middle finger. D., in'dex, 
index finger. D. indicato'rius, index finger. D. in- 
fa'mis, middle finger. D. mag'nus, thumb, pollex. 
D. medicina'lis or med'icus, ring finger. D. me'- 
dius, middle finger. D. min'imus, little finger. D. 
332 
DILATATOR 
my'ops, little finger. D. obscce'nus, middle finger. 
D. oti'tes or par'vus, little finger. D. pe'dis, toe. 
The toes are five in number, and distinguished nu- 
merically, reckoning from within to without; the first 
is the great toe; the fifth, the little toe; they have 
nearly the same organization as the fingers. D. pri/- 
mus, pollex. D. quar'tus, fourth finger. D. quin'tus, 
little finger. D. saluta'rius or salutato'rius, index. 
D. secun'dus,;index. D., semimor'tuous, half-dead 
finger; torpid condition of fingers met with in con- 
nection with chlorosis and cerebrospinal affections. 
D. supernumera'rius, supernumerary finger; occa- 
sional monstrosity occurs in which there are super- 
numerary fingers, at times owing to hereditary trans- 
siission. D. ter'tius, third finger. D. ver'pus, see 
Digitus. 
Diglossia, de-glos'se-ah (dis, double, glossa, tongue). 
Condition in which there is a double tongue. 
Dignathus, dig-nath'us (di, gnathos, lower jaw). 
Monster having two lower jaws. 
Dignotio, dig-no'she-o (dignosco, to discriminate). 
Diagnosis. 
Dihomocinchonine, di - ho - mo - sink' o - neon. 
C38H44N4O2. Amorphous alkaloid having dextro- 
rotatory property, obtained from Cinchona rosulenta. 
Dihydrolu'tidine. C7H11N. Colorless alkaline 
liquid. A ptomaine found in cod-liver oil; see Pto- 
maines (table); poisonous, producing insensibility, 
paralysis, and a fatal result. 
Dihydroxyl-quinine, de-hid-roks'il-kwi'nine. Sub- 
stance contained in secretions while quinine is being 
administered. 
Dihypogastrius, de-hip-o-gas'tre-us (di, hypogas- 
trium). Monster whose pelvis, together with the 
lower portion of the abdomen, is double. 
Dihysteria, de-his-te're-ah (di, hustere, uterus). The 
state in which there is a double uterus. 
Dii'od-betanaph'thol. Naphthol -aristol; com- 
bination of iodine, betanaphthol, potassium iodide, 
and sodium carbonate and hyperchloride; has anti- 
septic properties similar to betanaphthol. 
Di-i'odide-hy'dro-i'odate of caf'fein. Caffein tri- 
iodide. 
Di-i'odide of naph'thol - be'ta. lodo-naphthol- 
beta. 
Di-i'odide of thio'phen. See Thiophen di-iodide. 
Di-io'dosalicylate of so'dium. Sodium di-iodo- 
salicylate. 
Di-iodparaphenolsulphon'ic ac'id. Sozoiodol. 
Di-isobutylor'tho-cre'sol i'odide. Europhen. 
Dijudicatio, de-ju-de-kah'she-o (di,judico, to judge). 
Crisis. 
Diktyi'tis or Dictyi'tis (diktuon, net). Retinitis. 
Dilaceration, di-las-er-a'shun (di, lacero, to tear). 
Laceration. 
Dilalia, dil-al'e-ah. Ventriloquism. 
Dilatable, di-late'a-b'l. Capable of being dilated. 
Dilatatio, de-lat-ah'she-o. Dilatation. D. bron- 
chio'rum, bronchia, dilatation of the. D. intestino'- 
rum, dilatation of the intestines, as in tympanites. 
D. ventric'uli, dilatation of the stomach. 
Dilatation, dil-at-a'shun (dilato, to enlarge). Aug- 
mentation of the bulk of a body, occasioned by a 
separation of some of the molecules, as by heat. In 
surgery, accidental or preternatural augmentation 
of a canal or opening, as in aneurisms, varices, etc., 
or the process of enlarging any aperture or canal. 
When used to obtain a view of parts, as by the 
speculum, it is termed dioptrismus. The termina- 
tion ectasis signifies dilatation ; bronchiectasis, cardi- 
ectasis, and splenectasis, for example, denote dilata- 
tion of the bronchial tubes, of the heart, and of the 
spleen. D. cyst or tu'mor, see Retention tumor. 
Dilatator (dil-at-ah'tor) con'chse. Muscle of exter- 
nal ear not always present, the intertragicus muscle. 
D. laryn'gis, name given to a group of muscles embra- 
cing the crico-arytsenoideus posticus, crico-thyreoideus 
posticus, and kerato-arytsenoideus. D. pharyn'gis, 
stylo-pharyngeus. D. pupil'lse, muscular fibres com- 
mencing at the ciliary margin of the iris and extend- 
ing to the sphincter pupillae. DILATATORIUM 
Dilatatorium, dil-at-at-o're-um. Dilator. 
Dilatatorius, dil-at-at-o're-us. Dilator. 
Dilating agents, di-la'ting a'jents. Substances 
used in surgery to keep parts separate which have a 
tendency to unite, as the edges of an incision, or to 
increase and dilate openings of canals, either when 
natural or formed accidentally or artificially. The 
chief agents of this kind are prepared sponge tents, 
bougies, sounds, etc. See Dilator. 
Dilator, di-la'tor (di, fero, to carry). Muscle which 
dilates certain parts; as the inspiratory muscles, 
which dilate the chest. Also an instrument to dilate 
tubular openings, a wound, excretory canal, or other 
natural or artificial opening. When employed to ob- 
tain an inspection of internal parts, it is termed spec- 
ulum, dioptra, or dioptron, named, from the part to 
which it is applied, the speculum oris, speculum nasi, 
speculum vaginae, etc. D., Ar'nott's, dilator for-stric- 
tures of the urethra. D., GoodelV's, instrument used 
for dilating the os uteri and cervical canal, provided 
with two blades. D., Palm'er's, this instrument is 
used for the same purpose, an improvement of the 
original dilator of Ellinger of Stuttgart. D. pylo'ri, 
muscular fibres of the stomach passing over the py- 
lorus, supposed to act as a dilator to it. D. tu'bae 
Eustach'ii, tensor palati. D. vestib'uli laryn'gis, 
thyreo-epiglotticus muscle. 
Dilato'res ala'rum na'si. Compressor naris. 
Dila'tor, cer'vical. Instrument conveniently used 
for dilating the cervical canal of the uterus, consist- 
ing of a syringe and rubber tubes. 
Dilatris tinctoria, dil-at'ris tink-to're-ah. Lach- 
nanthes tinctoria. 
Dill (Sax. bile). Anethum graveolens. 
Dilldoo, dil'du. Dildoe. Artificial penis. 
Dill-fruit. See Anethum graveolens. 
Dill-water. See Anethum graveolens. 
Dilly, dil'le. Anthemis cotula. 
Diluentia, dil-u-en'she-ah (pl. of Diluens). Dilu- 
ents. 
Dil'uents (di, luo, wash away). Medicines which 
have been conceived proper for augmenting the fluid- 
ity of the blood and other animal liquids. All aque- 
ous drinks are diluents. They are administered with 
great advantage in various diseases. In fever, water, 
which is the most familiar diluent, may be freely al- 
lowed ; the only precaution is to give it hot in the cold 
stage, cold in the hot, and tepid in the sweating. In 
diseases where it is considered necessary to abstract 
blood largely, diluents should not be given too freely. 
The abstraction of blood occasions activity of absorp- 
tion, and the mass is speedily restored. When de- 
mulcents are exhibited in cases of urinary disease, 
they act simply as diluents ; their mucilaginous por- 
tion is digested in the stomach and small intestines, 
the watery portion alone being separated by the kid- 
ney. 
Dilute, di-lute'. Diluted. In pharmacy these 
terms are generally used synonymously. By some, 
however, a dilute acid, for example, means a weak 
acid, while a diluted acid is one that has been ren- 
dered weaker by the addition of water. 
Dilution, di-lu'shun. With the homceopathist, the 
action by which the dose of a medicine is diminished, 
as by dissolving a grain of any medicinal article in a 
certain quantity of a liquid ; then taking a grain of 
the solution and adding it to a like quantity of the 
liquid, and this may be repeated until the " thirtieth 
dilution." 
Diluvium, de-lu've-um. Deluge. 
Dil'weed. Anthemis cotula. 
Dimethylamine, di-meth'il-am-een. Substance in 
Peruvian guano. Ptomaine of a non-poisonous cha- 
racter (CH3)2,NH, gaseous at ordinary temperatures. 
It has been found in putrefying gelatin, in decompos- 
ing yeast, herring-brine, and in poisonous sausage. 
See Ptomaines (table). 
Dimethylben'zine. Xylol. 
Dimethylether, de-meth-il-e'thur. A gas generated 
by subjecting methylic alcohol to heat with sulphuric 
acid; anaesthetic. 
333 
DIOSMA 
Dimethylethylcar'binol. Amylene hydrate. 
Dimethylketone, di-meth-il-ke'tone. Acetone. 
Dimethyloxychinicine (di-meth-il-ok-se-kin' is-een) 
or Dimethyloxyquin'izine. Antipyrine. 
Dimethylphenylpyraz'olon. Antipyrine. 
Dimethylxanthine, di-meth-il-zan'theen. Theobro- 
mine. 
Dimetra, de-met'rah (di, metra, uterus). State in 
which there is a double uterus. 
Dimorphism, de-mor'fizm (di, morphe, shape). Con- 
dition of being dimorphous; term given to compounds 
which crystallize in two different forms. 
Dimor'phous (di, morphe, shape). Existing in two 
forms. 
Dingee, din'ge. Dengue. 
Dinic, din'ik (dinos, vertigo). Antidinic. 
Dinitrocellulose, di-ni-tro-sel'u-loze. Pyroxylin. 
Din'ner pills. See Pilules aloes et mastiches. 
Dinomania, din-o-mah'ne-ah (dinos, whirl). Taran- 
tismus; choreomania. 
Dinus, de'nus. Vertigo. D. scoto'ma, giddiness 
with impaired sight, often succeeded by headache and 
perhaps scotomata or fixed blind spots in the field of 
vision. D. ver'tigo, vertigo. 
Diobolon, de-o'bo-lon (di, obolos). Scruple. 
Diodoncephalus, de-o-don-sef'al-us (di, odous, tooth, 
Icephale, head). Monster with a double range of teeth 
or a double jaw. 
Diodus, de'o-dus (dia, hodos, way). Opening by 
which an excretion takes place. 
Dicecesis, de-ek-e'sis (dia, oikeo, to manage a house). 
Dispensation. 
Dicechius, de-e'ke-us (dia, oikia, habitation). Ani- 
mals are so called in which the reproductive elements 
are found in separate individuals belonging to oppo- 
site sexes. 
Diog'enes' cup. Hollow, resembling a cup, formed 
by bending the fingers of the hand. 
Dioncosis, de-on-ko'sis (dia, onkos, tumor). Tume- 
faction or plethora occurring either directly from too 
great a quantity of fluid circulating in the system, or 
owing to the retention of substances which ought to 
be excreted. See Intumescence. 
Dionysianus, de-on-is-e-an'us (Dionusos, Bacchus, 
represented by the poets as wearing horns). One 
having long or hornlike excrescences. 
Dionysiscus, de-on-is-is'kus (same etymon). One 
having long hornlike excrescence on the frontal 
region. 
Diophthalmus, de-of-thal'mus (di, ophthalmos, eye). 
Bandage applied over both eyes. 
Diopsimeter, de-op-sim'et-ur (diopsis, clear vision, 
metron, measure). Instrument for measuring the vis- 
ual field. 
Dioptometer, de-op-tom'et-ur. Instrument for 
measuring the refraction of the eye. 
Dioptometry, de-op-tom'et-re. Measurement of 
refraction and accommodation of the eye by means 
of the dioptometer. 
Dioptra, de-op'trah (dia, optomai, to see). Speculum. 
See Dilator. 
Dioptre, de-op'tre. Unit of refraction of lenses; 
having a lens of the focal distance of a metre. 
Dioptric, di-op'trik. Relating to dioptrics. 
Diop'trics. That branch of optics which treats of 
refraction. 
Dioptrismus, de-op-triz'mus (dioptron). See Dilata- 
tion. 
Dioptrom'etry. Dioptometry. 
Dioptron, de-op'tron. Speculum. See Dilator. 
Dioptry, de-op'tre. See Dioptre. 
Diorthosis (diorthroo, to make straight). Reduction 
of a fractured or luxated limb. 
Dioscorea, de-os-ko're-ah (after Dioscorides). See 
Yam. D. villo'sa, Wild Yamroot, Colic root; indige- 
nous ; order Dioscoriacese. Decoction of the root has 
been prescribed in bilious colic. Said to be expecto- 
rant, diaphoretic, and, in large doses, emetic. 
Diosma, de-os'mah (dios, divine, osme, odor). D. 
crenata. D. crena'ta, South African plant, the pow- 
der of whose leaves-Buchu leaves, Diosma buchu, DIOSMIN 
Bucku, Bocchoe, Boocho, Buckho, ord. Rutaceae-is used 
by the Hottentots to perfume their bodies. Buehu 
(Ph. U. S.) is stated to be derived from Barosma betu- 
lina, B. crenulata, B. serratifolia, and other spe- 
cies of Barosma. Employed in chronic affections of 
the bladder and urinary organs in general, and has 
also been given in cholera. Often adulterated in 
commerce by the substitution of less potent plants of 
the same family, as Diosma serratifolia and Eupleu- 
rum serrulatum. Bucco, Bucku, is referred by the 
British Pharmacopoeia to Barosma betulina, B. crenu- 
lata, and B. serratifolia. 
Diosmin, de-os'min. Active principle contained in 
buchu. 
Diospyrus (de-os'pir-os) (dios, divine, puros, wheat) 
embryop'teris. An East Indian species bearing a 
very astringent fruit. D. kax'i grows in China and 
Japan. D. lo'tus, Faba Grseca, Indian date-plum, ord. 
Ebenaceae. Tree grown in Southern Europe; fruit 
very astringent, and used in dysentery and hemor- 
rhage. D. melanox'ylon, ebony tree of Malabar and 
Coromandel, with an astringent tonic bark. D. Vir- 
ginia'na, Persimmon. Common tree in the middle 
parts of the United States. Fruit: persimmons, yel- 
low plums, winter plums, seeded plums. The unripe 
fruit, Diospyros, is distressingly acerb and astringent; 
has been used as an astringent. Bark of the tree is 
extremely bitter, and may be used where bitters are 
indicated. 
Dioxide, di-oks'id. Binoxide. 
Diphallia, de-fal'le-ah (dis, phallos, penis). Condi- 
tion of having a double penis. 
Diphorus, dif'or-us. Diphrus. 
Diphrus (dif'rus) or Diph'orus (di, phero, to carry). 
Properly, a seat for two; close stool. D. maieu'ticus, 
obstetric chair. 
Diphryges, dif're-gees (di, twice, phrugo, to torrefy). 
Oxide of copper, more or less pure. 
Diphtheria, dif-the're-ah (diphthera, skin or mem- 
brane). Diphtheritis. An infectious disease charac- 
terized by profound vital depression and the forma- 
tion, through exudation and necrosis, of a false mem- 
brane, usually on the tonsils and pharynx, but affect- 
ing sometimes the mouth, nose, or larynx. The mem- 
brane formed is grayish-white and adherent, leaving, 
when detached, a raw surface. Ulceration and gan- 
grene sometimes follow, and other organs, as the 
glands, become involved. The symptoms, of course, 
vary with the part affected, whether the seat of it be 
the fauces, larynx, or nose. In about one-sixth of 
the cases diphtheritic paralysis occurs usually in the 
pharynx. It has been ascribed to a specific bacillus; 
see Bacillus, Klebs-Lbffler. D., larynge'al, D. involv- 
ing the larynx, sometimes producing suffocation. D., 
malig'nant, D. characterized by typhoidal symptoms. 
D., na'sal, D. extending to the nasal passages. D., 
secondary, D. complicated with typhoid fever, scar- 
latina, etc. 
Diphtherial, dif-the're-al. Diphtheric. 
Diphtheric, dif-ther'ik (same etymon as Diphtheri- 
tis). Diphtheritic, diphtherial. Relating or apper- 
taining to diphtheria. 
Diphtheritic, dif-ther-it'ik. Diphtheric. D. chan'- 
cre, see Chancre. D. nephri'tis, acute parenchymatous 
nephritis as the sequela of diphtheria. D. paral'- 
ysis, paralysis of the muscles of the soft palate and 
larynx, after subsidence of the chief symptoms in 
diphtheria. 
Diphtheritis, dif-ther-e'tis (diphthera, skin or mem- 
brane). Diphtheria, diphtheritic inflammation or 
phlegmasia, pellicular inflammation. Class of dis- 
eases characterized by a tendency to the formation 
of false membranes, and which affect the dermoid 
tissue, as the mucous membranes and even the skin. 
See Cynanche maligna and Pharyngitis, diphtheritic. D. 
of the throat, pharyngitis, diphtheritic. D. trachea'- 
lis, cynanche trachealis. 
Diphtheroid, dif'ther-oid. Resembling diphtheria. 
D. chan/cre, chancre with membrane simulating the 
diphtheritic, as a secondary lesion on the glans penis. 
Diphthon'gia (dis, twice, pthongos, distinct sound). 
334 
DIPLOPIA 
Condition in which two sounds are produced in the 
larynx simultaneously, but differing in pitch ; due to 
incomplete unilateral paralysis of the recurrent 
laryngeal nerve, or to a lesion of the vocal cord. 
Diplacu'sis. Diplakousis. 
Diplakousis (dip-lak-oo'sis) or Diplacusis, dip-lak- 
u'sis (diploos, double, akouo, to hear). Abnormal con- 
dition of hearing, characterized by a note being dupli- 
cated in sound for the same ear, as in D. monauralis, or 
as in D. binauralis for the two ears, although the sec- 
ondary note may be too sharp or too flat. 
Diplasiasmus, dip-las-e-az'mus (diplasios, double). 
Duplication. 
Diplecoia, dip-le-koi'ah (diplo, akoe, hearing). 
Double hearing. 
Diplegia, dip-lej'e-ah (di, plege, blow). Double sym- 
metrical paralysis. D. facia'lis, double facial paral- 
ysis. D., spas'tic, birth palsy. 
Dip'lo (diploos, double). In composition, double. 
Diploblastic, dip-lo-blas'tik (diploos, double, blastos, 
sprout). Provided with two germinal layers. 
Diplocephalia, dip-lo-sef-al'e-ah (diplo, kephale). 
Monstrosity characterized by the presence of two 
heads on the same body.' 
Diplococcus, dip-lo-kok'kus (diplo, coccus, berry). 
Minute cocci united in pairs. See Micrococci and 
Bacteria. D. pneumo'niae, bacillus of pneumonia. 
Diplocoria, dip-lo-ko're-ah (diploos, kore, pupil). 
Condition of the eye in which two pupils are present. 
Diploe, dip'lo-e (diploos, double). Areolar structure 
separating the two tables of the skull from each 
other. The diploe has the same use as the cellular 
structure of the bones in general. See Cancelli. 
Diploetic, dip-lo-et'ik. Diploic. 
Diplogastria, dip-lo-gas'tre-ah (diploes, gaster, bel- 
ly). Monster having two abdomens. 
Diplogenesis, dip-lo-jen'es-is (diplo, genesis, genera- 
tion). Organic deviation consisting in the duplication 
of parts; monstrosity by duplication, Duplicitas mon- 
strosa, constituting double monsters. 
Diploic (dip-lo'ik) or Diploet'ic. Relating or apper- 
taining to the diploe. D. veins, veins in the flat 
cranial bones, the trunks and larger branches of 
which, veins of Breschet, run mostly separately in 
special arborescent larger canals, Breschet's bone ca- 
nals, which terminate in the Emissoria Santorini. 
Diplolepis gallse tinctoriae, dip-lo'lep-is gal'le tink- 
to're-e. See Quercus infectoria. 
Diploma, dip-lo'mah (diploo, to fold double). Letter 
or writing conferring some privilege; usually applied 
to a document certifying that a person has obtained 
the title of doctor. It was so called because formerly 
written on waxed tables folded together. Diploma is 
also used in pharmacy for a vessel with double walls, 
as a water-bath. 
Diplomyelia, dip-lo-me-el'e-ah (diploos, muelos, mar- 
row). Congenital malformation of spinal cord, with 
duplication of cord, appearing in various forms of 
double monsters. 
Diplophony, dip-lof'on-e (diploos, phone, voice). 
Diphthongia. 
Dlplo'pla (diplo, optomai, to see). Double vision. 
Affection of the sight in which two distinct sensa- 
tions are produced by the same object, which conse- 
quently seems double. Sometimes more than two are 
seen. The affection arises from some derangement in 
the visual axes, in consequence of which the images 
are not impressed on corresponding parts of the retina 
of each eye. In Aomonymows or direct diplopia the im- 
age to the right of the patient belongs to his right 
eye, the left image to his left eye. This occurs in 
convergent squint. Crossed double image, in which 
the image to the right belongs to the left eye, and vice 
versd, arises in divergent squint, heteronymous diplopia. 
At times the diplopia affects one eye, or each eye 
when used alone, owing to some irregularity in the 
curvature, density, or position of the dioptric media. 
It is then called Uniocular diplopia, Monodiplopia. Dip- 
lopia of both eyes has been termed Binocular diplo- 
pia, Amphodiplopia, Amphoterodiplopia, Amphampho- 
terodiopsia. DIPLOPY 
Diplo'py. Diplopia. 
Diplosis, dip-lo'sis. Diploe; duplication. 
Diplosoma (dip-lo-so'mah) (diplo, soma, body) cre- 
na'tum. An imperfectly described entozoon which 
has been passed from the urinary bladder; varies 
in length from four to six or eight inches, and in the 
middle is bent at an acute angle upon itself, so that 
the two halves hang nearly parallel, and give to it an 
appearance as if two worms had been tied together 
by their heads. See Parasites. 
Diplosomatia (dip-1 o-so-mat'e-ah) or Diplosomia, 
dip-lo-so'me-ah. Organic deviation characterized by 
the presence of two complete bodies united by one or 
more of their parts. 
Diploteratography (dip-lo-ter-at-og'raf-e) or Diplo- 
teratol'ogy (diploos, teras, monster, grapho, to write). 
Description or study of double monstrosities. 
Dipnous, dip'no-us (di, pnoe, breath). Bispirus. 
Having two vent-holes; epithet applied to wounds 
which pass through a part and admit the air at both 
ends. 
Dipodacephalus, dip-od-ah-sef'al-us (dis, twice, pous, 
foot, kephale, head). Monster having two feet, but 
devoid of head. 
Dipolar, di-po'lar. Bipolar; having two poles. 
Dip'pel's an'imal oil. Oleum animale Dippelii. 
Diprosopia, dip-ro-so'pe-ah (dis, prosopon, face). 
Condition of being a diprosopus. 
Diprosopus, dip-ro-so'pus (di, prosopon, counte- 
nance). Monster with double face. D. disedoe'us 
(di, aidoia, parts of generation), double monster in 
which the duplication affects superiorly the face and 
inferiorly the anterior pelvic region. D. dihypogas'- 
trius, double monster in which the duplication af- 
fects superiorly the face and inferiorly the lower part of 
the body, four lower extremities being always present. 
D. diophthal'mus, double monster with two eyes. D. 
tetrophthal'mus, double monster with four eyes. D. 
tetro'tus, diophthalmus with four ears. D. trioph- 
thal'mus, diophthalmus with three eyes. D. trio'tus, 
diophthalmus with three ears. 
Dipsa, dip'sah. Thirst. 
Dipsacus, dip'sak-us (dipsa, said to be so called 
owing to the leaves being able to hold water). Dia- 
betes. D. fullo'num has had similar properties with 
the next ascribed to it; both have been also regarded 
as stomachic. D. pilo'sus, shepherd's rod; regarded 
as sudorific. D. sati'vus, D. fullonum. D. sylves'- 
tris, Cultivated teasel; the roots of this European plant 
are diuretic and sudorific; the water which collects 
at the base of the leaves has been recommended as 
an eye-water. D. vulga'ris, D. fullonum. 
Dipsesis, dip-se'sis. See Dipsosis. 
Dipseticus, dip-set'ik-us (dipsa). Remedy believed 
to be capable of exciting thirst. See Alterative. 
Dipsodes, dip-so'dees (dipsa, odes). Thirsty; caus- 
ing thirst. 
Dipsomania, dip-so-man'e-ah (dipsa, mania). Really 
thirst-mania; often, however, applied to habitual 
drunkenness and to delirium tremens; insatiable de- 
sire for intoxicating liquors-Alcoholophilia. 
Dipsomaniac, dip-so-ma'ne-ak. One suffering with 
dipsomania. 
Dipsopathy, dip-sop'ath-e (dipsa, pathos, affection). 
Mode of treatment consisting in abstaining from 
drinks. 
Dip'sos. Thirst. 
Dipsosis, dip-so'sis (dipsa). Morbid thirst; desire 
for drinking, excessive or impaired. D. a'vens, con- 
stant desire for drink, as in fevers, dropsy, diabetes, 
etc. D. ex'pers, absence of thirst. 
Dipterix (dip'ter-iks) odora'ta. Coumarouna odora- 
ta. The fruit of this large tree of Guiana is a pod en- 
closing a single seed; the bean, Tonka beau, has a 
strong, agreeable, aromatic odor, and is used to flavor 
snuff and as a substitute for the vanilla bean. 
Dipterocarpus, dip-ter-o-kar'pus (di, pteron, wing, 
karpos, fruit). Genus of large trees, nat. ord. Dip- 
teracese, natives of India, which yield a resinous oil 
that has been employed, like copaiba, in gonorrhoea. 
The Gurjun or Gurgina or Garjina balsam or wood-oil is 
335 
> DISCUSSIVA 
the product of Dipterocarpus turbinatus; the resin- 
ous secretion of D. trinervis has been used as an ex- 
citant ingredient of salves to inveterate ulcers. 
Dipygus, de-pe'gus (di, puge, nates). Double mon- 
ster, the duplication being confined to the posterior 
portion of the lower end of the trunk, the coccygeal 
region; also used as a synonym of Deradelphus. D. 
dibrach'ius, D. with two arms. D. tetrabrach'ius, 
D. with four arms. 
Dipyrenon, dip-ir-a'non (di,puren, kernel). Specil- 
lum or probe with two buttons or kernels-one at 
each end. 
Dipyrites, dip-ir'it-ees (twice baked). Biscuit. 
Dipyros, dip'ir-os (di, pur, fire). Biscuit. 
Diquinicine, :de-kwi'nis-een. CwILeNiOa. Amor- 
phous alkaloid in commercial chinoidine. 
Dirca palustris, dir'kah pal-us'tris. Leatherwood, 
Swamp leatherwood, Moosewood, Ropebark. Indigenous 
shrub, analogous to mezereon in its action; applied to 
the skin, the bark vesicates. 
Director, di-rek'tor (di, rego, to rule, to direct). 
Conductor. Grooved sound for guiding a knife in 
dividing any part. D. pe'nis, ischiocavernosus. 
Diribitorium, di-rib-it-o're-um (diribeo, to separate). 
Mediastinum. 
Dirt-eat'ing. See Chthonophagia and Geophagism. 
Diruptio, de-rup'she-o (di, rumpo, to break). Spon- 
taneous opening or rupture, as of an abscess. D. 
cor'dis, rupture of the heart. 
Dis, as a prefix. See Di. 
Disarticulation, dis-ar-tik-u-la'shun. Amputation 
through a joint. 
Disassimilation, dis-as-sim-il-a'shun. Retrogressive 
metamorphosis; katabolism. 
Disc. See Disk. 
Discharge, dis-charge'(dis, charge). Increased out- 
flow from any part which naturally secretes a fluid. 
In electricity, the passing off of the electric fluid in a 
charged Leyden jar by bringing by a conductor the 
external coating into metallic proximity with the in- 
ternal one. D., disrup'tive, discharge of electricity 
with emission of sound and light. 
Dischroa, dis-kro'ah. Sickly and unhealthy color 
of the skin. 
Dis'ciform. Having the shape of a disk. 
Discission, dis-sizh'un. Operation for cataract, in 
which the capsule of the lens is incised with a needle 
with sharp edges. D. nee'dle, needle employed in 
cataract operation. 
Discoblastic, dis-ko-blas'tik (diskos, blastos, shoot). 
Term applied to separation of a disk from an ovum. 
Dis'coid, (diskos, eidos, shape). Disk-shaped. 
Discoloration, dis-kul-ur-a'shun. See Decoloration. 
Discreta purgatio, dis-kra'tah pur-gah'she-o. Pur- 
gation or expulsion of some particular matter. 
Discrete, dis-kreet' (dis, cerno, to separate). Epithet 
given to certain exanthemata in which the spots or 
pustules are separated from each other; opposed to 
confluent. 
Discretivus, dis-kra-te'vus. Diagnostic. 
Discretorium, dis-kre-to're-um. Diaphragm. 
Discrimen, dis-kre'men (separation, division). 
Bandage used in bleeding from the frontal vein; so 
called because, in passing along the sagittal suture, it 
divides the head into two equal parts. D. calva'rise 
me'dium, diploe. D. na'rium, septum narium. D. 
na'si, bandage in the form of letter X, intended to 
support the nose in transverse w'ounds of that organ. 
D. thora'cis et ven'tris, diaphragm. 
Discs. See Disks. 
Discus, dis'kus. Disk. Quoit; plate or platter or 
anything resembling it in form. D. ge'nu, patella. 
D. lentifor'mis, see Nucleus lenticularis. D. ooph'- 
orus, discus proligerus. D. op'ticus, optic disk. D. 
prolig'erus, see Proligerous. D. vitelli'nus, proliger- 
ous disk. 
Discuss, dis-kus'. To dissolve and remove; said 
of tumors. 
Discussion, dis-kush'un (dis, quateo, to shake, to 
shake apart). Resolution. 
Discussiva, dis-kus-se'vah. Discutients. DISCUSSORIA 
Discussoria, dis-kus-so're-ah. Discutients. 
Discutients, dis-ku'she-ents. Substances possessing 
the power of repelling or resolving tumors. 
Disdiaclasis, dis-de-ak'las-is (dis, twice, diaklao, 
to break). Double refraction. 
Disdiaclasts, dis-di'ak-lasts (dis, diaklasis). Sar- 
cous elements; small doubly refractive contractile 
disks observed when muscular fibre is examined 
under the polarization microscope. 
Disease, dis-eez'. Malady, Complaint, Sickness, Dis- 
336 
DISGUST 
temper, Distemperature, Egritude, Ail, Ailment, Illness. 
Opposite state to that of health, consisting in change 
either in position and structure of parts, or in the 
exercise of one or more of their functions, or in both. 
By some, disease is applied to structural change, 
while disorder is restricted to functional derange- 
ment. The following table comprises, under the two 
heads Diseased Nutrition and Altered Mechanism, the 
chief elements of structural disease, all of which are 
dependent on modified cell-action: 
Increased-Hypertrophy, 
Diminished-Atrophy. 
Inflammation, 
Induration, 
Softening, 
Transformation and degeneration. 
Diseased 
Nutrition. 
Enplastic . . . . 
Cicatrices, 
False membranes. 
Perverted . . 
Deposits. . . 
Cacoplastic .... 
Cirrhosis, 
Fibro-cartilage, 
Gray tubercle, 
Atheroma. 
Aplastic 
Yellow tubercle, 
Calcareous matter. 
' Contraction, 
Dilatation, 
Obstruction, 
Compression, 
Displacement, 
Rupture, etc. 
Non-malignant . 
Cysts, 
Tumors, 
Hydatids. 
Altered 
Mechanism. 
Growths. . . 
Malignant. . . . 
Carcinoma, 
Encephaloma, 
Melanosis. 
D., acute, see Acute. D. of Ad'dison, see Capsule, 
renal. D., Al'ibert's, fungoid mycosis. D., autog'e- 
nous, see Autogenous. D., bad, syphilis. D., bark'- 
ing, mal de Laira. D., Base'dow's, see Exophthalmia. 
D., Baz'in's, psoriasis of the mouth. D., B&clard's, 
hernia through the saphenous opening. D., Bell's, 
paralysis of seventh cranial nerve. D. of blood, 
see Blood disease. D., blue, cyanopathy. D. 
of Bright, kidney, Bright's disease of the. D., 
Brown-Se'quard's, paralysis from unilateral lesion of 
spinal cord. D., caisson, see Caisson. D., Caz'enave's, 
lupus erythematodes. D., Charcot's, amyotrophic 
lateral sclerosis; see Charcot. D., chronic, see Chronic. 
D., Corrigan's, aortic valvular insufficiency. D. of 
Cotun'nius, sciatica. D., Cruveil'hier's, atrophy, 
progressive muscular; simple gastric ulcer. D., 
Dressier's, paroxysmal haemoglobinuria. D., Du- 
bini's, electrical chorea. D. of Duchenne, ataxia, loco- 
motor, progressive; pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis. D., 
Duh'ring's, dermatitis herpetiformis. D., Eichstedt's, 
pityriasis versicolor. D., Eng'lish, rachitis. D., Erb's, 
paralysis of brachial plexus. D., Erb-Charcot's, spas- 
modic locomotor ataxia. D., extrin'sic, ex- 
ternal disease. D., fam'ily, see Hereditary. D., 
feigned, feigned disease. D., Foth'ergill's, neuralgia 
of trigeminal nerve. D., Fouchard's, alveolo-dental 
periostitis. D., foul, syphilis. D., Fried'rich's, hered- 
itary ataxic paraplegia. D., ftmc'tional, disturb- 
ance of function without appreciable structural 
lesion. D., fun'goid, encephaloid. D., gastro- 
enter'ic, gastroenteritis. D., Gerier's, paralytic 
vertigo. D., Gibert's, pityriasis rubra. D. of 
Graves, see Exophthalmia. D., grind'er's, asthma, 
grinder's. D., hsematocere'briform, encephaloid. D., 
Har'ley's, paroxysmal hsemoglobinuria. D., Heb'er- 
den's, nodular rheumatism. D., Hebra's, polymor- 
phous erythema; chronic pityriasis rubra. D., Hen'~ 
och's, purpura with abdominal symptoms. D., hered'- 
itary, see Hereditary. D., Hodgkin's, pseudo- 
leucocythsemia. D., Hodgson's, aortic atheroma. 
D., Huguier's, fibromyoma of uterus. D., Hunt'- 
ingdon's, hereditary chorea. D., idiopath'ic, 
one not dependent on any other disease. D., 
intercur'rent, see Intercurrent. D., Jack'son's, 
epilepsy, Jacksonian. D., Ja'cob's, rodent or lupous 
ulcer. D., Jaksch's, pseudoleucocythremia of infants. 
D., Kapo'si's, xeroderma pigmentosa. D., Kopp's, 
thymic asthma. D., Laennec's, cirrhosis or chronic 
interstitial inflammation of the liver. D., Lan'dry's, 
acute ascending paralysis. D., Leber's, hereditary 
optic atrophy. D., Littrd's, diverticular hernia. D., 
Lob'stein's, sarcoma of retroperitoneal glands. D., 
lu'cifer match'maker's, see Phosphorus. D. Lud'- 
wig's, infectious inflammation of sublingual and sub- 
maxillary regions. D., Malas'sez's, cyst of the testicle. 
D., Marie's, acromegaly. D., Menidre's, auditory 
vertigo. D., Millar's, laryngismus stridulus. D., 
Mor'van's, analgesic paralysis of the extremities. D., 
nutri'tional, D. connected with processes of develop- 
ment and growth. D., occupation, D. dependent on 
or connected with personal occupation, as grinder's 
asthma, writer's cramp, etc. D., organic, disease de- 
pendent upon or associated with structural lesion. D., 
Pa'get's, hypertrophic osteitis; precancerous eczema 
of the mamma. D., Parkinson's, paralysis agitans. 
D., Par'rot's, syphilitic pseudo-paralysis; syphilitic 
osteophytes of the skull. D., Party's, exophthalmic 
goitre. D., Par'sons', exophthalmic goitre. D., Pa'- 
vy's, intermittent albuminuria. D., period of in- 
cubation of, see Incubation. D., phos'phorus jaw, 
see Phosphorus. D., por'cupine, ichthyosis. D., 
Pott's, caries of the vertebrae. D., pretend'ed, 
feigned disease. D., Raynaud's, vaso-motor sym- 
metrical gangrene; paralysis after parotiditis. 
D., Reclus's, cystic disease of the breast. D., 
sim'ulated, feigned disease. D., specific, disease 
due to a specific poison, as syphilis. D., struc- 
tural, D., organic. D., sur'gical, external dis- 
ease. D., Syd'enham's, ordinary chorea. D., 
symptomatic, see Symptomatic. b., Thom'sen's, 
myotonia congenita. D., Torn'wald's, inflammation 
of pharyngeal tonsil. D., Tourette's, motor inco- 
ordination. D., Volk'mann's, congenital tibio-tarsal 
dislocation. D., War'drop's, malignant onychia. D., 
Weil's, acute infectious jaundice. D., Werthoff's, 
purpura haemorrhagica. D., Willard's, tubercular 
lupus. D., Wil'son's, universal exfoliative derma- 
titis. D., Winck'el's, cyanosis neonatorum. D., zy- 
motic, see Zymotic. 
Diseased, dis-eezd'. Sick. 
Disecoia, dis-ek-oi'ah (dis, twice, akoe, hearing). 
Diplacusis. 
Disengagement, dis-en-gaje'ment. The act of re- 
leasing or detaching; term employed in obstetrics to 
denote the appearance of the foetus, or any part 
thereof, from the canal of the pelvis. 
Disfiguration, dis-fig-u-ra'shun (dis, figuro, to form). 
Deformation. 
Disgorgement, dis-gorj'ment (dis, gorge, throat). 
Opposite condition to that of engorgement. Dis- 
charge or abstraction of a certain quantity of fluid 
which had previously collected in a part, as disgorge- 
ment of bile. It also means vomiting. 
Disgust, dis-gust' (dis, gusto, to taste). Loathing. DISINFECT 
Aversion for food. Disgust is not the same as ano- 
rexia. The latter is only a want of appetite; the 
former consists in real repugnance for food. 
Disinfect'. To render innocuous by disinfection. 
Disinfectant, dis-in-fek'tant (dis, inficio, to infect). 
This term has been restricted by some to agents that 
are capable of neutralizing morbific effluvia; but it 
really includes also antiseptics or agents that are 
capable of removing any incipient or fully-formed 
septic condition of the living body or any part of it. 
Disinfectants are agents destructive to the specific 
poisons of communicable diseases; and as these are 
usually due to micro-organisms, the disinfectants be- 
come also antizymotics. They are employed to de- 
stroy morbific germs in the excreta of those suffering 
from such diseases or in the rooms occupied by them. 
Disinfecting liquid (dis-in-fek'ting lik'wid), Sir 
Wil'liam Bur'nett's. See Burnett's disinfecting liquid. 
D. liq'uid of Con'dy, see Candy's disinfecting fluid. 
D. liq'uid of Dar'by, see Candy's disinfecting liquid. 
D. liq'uid, Labarraque's, liquor sodse chlorinatse. D. 
liq'uid of Ledoyen, see Ledoyen's disinfecting liquid. 
Disinfection, dis-in-fek'shun. Act of attempting 
to destroy miasmata with which the air, the clothing, 
etc. may be infected. Various means have been pro- 
posed for this purpose. The agents most commonly 
employed are chlorine, sulphurous and chlorohydric 
acid gases, vapors of vinegar, nitrous acid, carbolic 
acid, and what is, perhaps, the most manageable of 
any, chlorinated lime, or any of the chlorides of the 
alkalies. It is more than questionable whether the 
chemical action that occurs between these agents and 
the miasmata is capable of thoroughly destroying 
morbific miasms. Disinfection also includes the ac- 
tion of antiseptics. The most valuable disinfecting 
agents are heat, preferably at 230° to 250° F., either 
by burning or steaming, or by boiling in soda solution; 
chloride of lime and milk of lime; and corrosive sub- 
limate, the latter being the most destructive to septic 
organisms. 
Disinfec'tol. Brownish-dark liquid, composed of 
carbolic acid, soap, hydrocarbons, and soda, used as a 
disinfectant. 
Disintegrate, dis-in'te-grate (dis, integro, to make 
whole). To reduce to small fragments or particles. 
Disjuncti morbi, dis-junk'te mor'be (dis, jungo, to 
join). Disjoined diseases. Diseases which occupy 
different organs, and are not produced by each other. 
Disjunction, dis-junk'shun. Separation of parts 
which are normally close together. 
Disk. Discus. D., blood, globule of the blood. D., 
Bow'man's, see Sarcous elements. D., choked, see 
Choked, Papillitis, and Optic neuritis. D., cupped, 
hollowed condition of the optic disk, natural and not 
pathological, or resulting from glaucoma, atrophy of 
the optic nerve, etc. D., engorged, see Optic neuritis. 
D., ger'minal, see Germinal. D., interver'tebral, in- 
tervertebral cartilage. D., op'tic, see Optic nerve. D., 
prolig'erous, see Proligerous disk. D., vitel'line, 
germinal disk of the fowl. 
Disks. Lamellse; thin disks of gelatin, contain- 
ing a medicinal ingredient, used locally in af- 
fections of the conjunctiva. D. of at'ropine, each 
disk contains gr. of atropine sulphate (Ph. Br.). 
D. of co'caine, each contains gr. of cocaine hydro- 
chlorate. D. of physostig'mine, each contains gr. 
iota of physostigmine. 
Dislocate, dis'lo-kate. To cause dislocation, as of 
an articulation. 
Dislocatio, dis-lo-kah'she-o (dis, loco, to place). Dis- 
location, luxation; see Ectopia. D. lie'nis or sple'- 
nis, dislocation or abnormal situation of the spleen; 
splenectopia. 
Dislocation, dis-lo-ka'shun. Displacement of the 
bones at a joint, or of an organ from its usual situa- 
tion ; see Luxation. D. of mem'ory, condition in 
which there exists entire forgetfulness, but only for a 
short time. 
Dismal, diz'mal. Melancholy. 
Disodicus, dis-od'ik-us (dis, hodos, threshold). Hav- 
ing a double opening. 
337 
DISSECTION 
Disomata, dis-o'mat-ah (dis, soma, body). Double 
monstrosities. 
Disomatous, dis-o'mat-us. See Disomus. 
Disomus, dis-o'mus (di, soma, body). Monster with 
two bodies. Such a monster is said to be Disomatous. 
Disorder, dis-or'dur (dis, order). See Disease. 
Disordered, dis-or'durd. Sick. 
Disorganization, dis-or-gan-iz-a'shun. Complete 
morbid change in the structure of an organ, or even 
total destruction of its texture, as in sphacelus and 
sloughy ulcers. 
Disparate, dis'par-ate. Unequal; term applied in 
optics to indicate points of both retinae which do not 
correspond. 
Dispareu'nia. See Dyspareunia. 
Dispensary, dis-pen'sa-re (dis, pendo, to wTeigh, to 
take from a weight or mass, to distribute). Shop 
or place in which medicines are prepared. Also 
an institution in which the poor are furnished with 
advice and necessary medicines. 
Dispensation, dis-pen-sa'shun. Composition and 
distribution of medicines according to prescription. 
Dispensator, dis-pen-sa'tor. Apothecary. 
Dispensatory, dis-pen'sa-to-re. Book treating of 
the composition of medicines. A Dispensatory dif- 
fers from a Pharmacopoeia in containing the physical 
and medical history of the various substances, while 
the Pharmacopoeia is mainly restricted to the mode 
of preparing them. The Pharmacopoeia, too, is pub- 
lished under the official authority of, by the mem- 
bers of, a college or association, while a Dispensatory 
contains the whole of the Pharmacopoeia or Pharma- 
copoeias, with additions by the author, under whose 
authority alone it usually appears. Formerly, the 
words were used indiscriminately. See Formulary 
and Pharmacopoeia. 
Dispenser, dis-pens'ur. One who dispenses medi- 
cines. 
Dispensing. Filling a prescription as directed. 
Dispermine, di-sperm'een. Piperazine. 
Dispersion, dis-per'shun. Scattering, as in case of 
inflammation. D., error of, aberration of refrangi- 
bility. 
Dispersus, dis-purs'us. Dispersed; sporadic, said 
of diseases. 
Displacement. Percolation. Also the condition 
of being displaced, as displacement of the uterus or 
other organs when they are not in proper position. 
D., dor'sal, of the arm, position of arm of the foetus 
in which that organ is turned outward or inward 
across the dorsum, thus offering an obstacle to delivery. 
Dispora Caucasica, dis-po'rah kaw-kas'ik-ah. Ba- 
cillus Caucasicus. 
Disposition, dis-po-zish'un (dis, pono, to put or set). 
Particular condition of the body, which renders it 
susceptible of altering suddenly to a state of health 
or disease-of improving, or becoming changed for 
the worse. See Diathesis. 
Disproportion, dis-pro-por'shun. Obstetrical term 
used to denote want of proper proportion between 
pelvis and foetus. 
Disputatio, dis-pu-tah'she-o (dis, puto, to reason). 
Thesis. 
Disruption, dis-rup'shun (dis, rumpo, to break off). 
Puncture which involves deep-seated parts. 
Dissect'. To cut in pieces; to cut with care, so as 
to preserve the structure of an organ. 
Dissecting aneurism, dis sek'ting an'u-rizm. See 
Aneurism. D. wound, dissection wound. 
Dissectio, dis-sek'she-o. Dissection. D. cartilag'- 
inis et ligamento'rum os'sium pu'bis, symphyseot- 
omy. D. fce'tds, embryotomy. D. ten'dinum, te- 
notomy. 
Dissection, dis-sek'shun (dis, seco, to cut, to cut 
open). Practical anatomy, Necrotomy. Operation by 
■which the different parts of the dead body are ex- 
posed for the study of their arrangement and struc- 
ture. Dissection has received various names, accord- 
ing to the organ concerned, as Osteotomy, Syndesmotomy, 
Myotomy, Angiotomy, Neurotomy, Desmotomy, etc. D. 
wound, wound received in the dissection of dead DISSECTOR 
bodies. The term Autopsy or Dissection wound has 
been applied to wounds received in the examination 
of bodies recently dead and before putrefaction has 
set in, especially of those who have died from pyaemia, 
malignant erysipelas, cancer, puerperal fever, etc. 
Dissector, dis-sek'tor. Prosector. Practical anat- 
omist; one who prepares parts for the anatomical 
lecture; also a book treating on the science of dis- 
secting, or an instrument employed in dissection. 
Disseminated, dis - sem' in - a - ted. Scattered. D. 
myeli'tis, see Myelitis. D. sclero'sis, insular sclero- 
sis ; see Sclerosis. D. tuberculo'sis, a form of tuber- 
culosis usually marked for a while by interstitial 
pleurisy, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema; after- 
ward resembling fibroid phthisis. 
Dissemination, dis-sem-in-a'shun. The spread of 
disease from one part of the body to other parts, or 
into the surrounding atmosphere. 
Dissepimentum narium, dis-sep-e-men'tum nar'e- 
um (dissepio, to separate). Septum narium. D. tho- 
ra'cis, mediastinum. 
Disseptum, dis-sep'tum (dissepio, to separate). Dia- 
phragm. 
Dissertatio, dis-ser-tah'she-o (dissero, to discuss, to 
treat of). Thesis. 
Dissertation, inaugural, dis-ser-ta'shun, in-awg'- 
u-ral. Thesis. 
Dissidentia, dis-sid-en'she-ah (dis, sedo, to sit). 
Diastasis. 
Dissimilation, dis-sim-il-a'shun. Retrograde meta- 
morphosis ; katabolism. 
Dissipium, dis-sip'e-um (dissepio, to separate). Dia- 
phragm. 
Dissociation, dis-so-si-a'shun. In chemistry, dis- 
union of the elements of chemical compounds. 
Dissolubility, dis-sol-u-bil'it-e. Capacity of being 
dissolved by heat or moisture and converted into a 
fluid. 
Dissoluble, dis'sol-u-b'l. Capable of being dissolved. 
Dissolutio, dis-so-lu'she-o. Dissolution, solution. 
D. san'guinis, dissolution of the blood. D. ventric'- 
uli, softening of the stomach. 
Dissolution, dis-so-lu'shun (dis, solvo, to loosen, to 
melt). Decomposition or putrefaction of the blood, 
or diminution in its consistence; solution; also death. 
Dissolventia, dis-sol-ven'she-ah. Solvents ; medi- 
cines believed to be capable of dissolving swellings, 
concretions, etc.; discutients; resolvents. 
Distad, dis'tad (disto, to stand apart). Away from 
a centre; toward the far extremity; in anatomy, used 
adverbially to signify "toward the distal aspect." 
Dis'taff cane. Arundo donax. D. this'tle, Cartha- 
mus lanatus. 
Distal. At the farthest distance from a prominent 
part, as the trunk, heart, or middle line. D. as'pect, 
aspect of a bone from the trunk or toward the ex- 
tremity. 
Distalia, dist-al'e-a. Distal carpal bones (compara- 
tive anatomy). 
Distantial aberration, dis-tan'she-al ab-er-ra'shun. 
See Aberration of sphericity. 
Distearyllecithin, dis-te-ar-il-les'i-thin. Form of 
lecithin found in nerve-tissue. 
Distemper, dis-tem'pur (dis, tempero, to proportion 
duly). Disease. D., French, syphilis. D. louse, louse 
met with in phtheiriasis. 
Distemperantia, dis-tem-per-an'she-ah. Bad habit 
of body. 
Distemperature, dis-tem'per-a-ture. Disease. 
Distempered, dis-tem'per'd. Sick. 
Distensio, dis-ten'she-o (distendo, to stretch). Re- 
duction of a fracture by extension and counter-ex- 
tension ; tension; tetanus. D. articula'ris, sprain. D. 
membro'rum, convulsion. D. muscula'ris, strain of 
a muscle. D. nervo'rum, convulsion. 
Distension, dis-ten'shun. Abnormal increase in 
size, turgescence. 
Distichiasis, dis-tik-e'a-sis (dis, stichos, a row). In- 
creased number of eyelashes-some turned toward 
the eye and irritating the organ, whilst others pre- 
serve their natural direction, See Entropion. 
338 
DISULPHIDE 
Distillate, dis-til'late. See Distillation. 
Distillation, dis-til-la'shun {de, stillo, to drop little 
by little). Operation by which, by the aid of heat 
and in closed vessels, the volatile are separated from 
the fixed parts of bodies, with the view of collecting 
the former when condensed in appropriate receivers. 
The product of distillation is the distillate. In frac- 
tional distillation the ingredients are volatilized at 
different degrees of heat and separated from each 
other during the process. When dry organic matter 
is placed in an apparatus for distillation and heat is 
applied until all volatile matter is driven out, the pro- 
cess is called Dry or Destructive distillation. 
Distocia, dis-to-se-ah {dis, tokos, birth). Ditocia. 
Delivery of twins. 
Distcechia (dis-te'ke-ah) or Distoechi'asis. Dis- 
tichiasis. 
Di.stoechi.asis, dis-tek-e'as-is. Distichiasis. 
Distoma, dis'tom-ah {di, stoma, mouth). Small worm 
found in the small intestines; see Parasites and 
Worms. D. conjunc'tum occurs in liver of American 
fox and in dogs of India. D. cras'sum, variety met 
with in the human gall-bladder and intestines in Asia 
and East Indies. D. endem'icum, D. found in the 
liver in the disease called distomiasis, which occurs 
in certain parts of Japan. D. hsemato'bium, disto- 
mum haematobium. D. hepat'icum, Gourdworm, 
Fluke, Liver fluke; obovate, flat worm, an inch in 
length and nearly half an inch broad, sometimes 
found in the gall-bladder of man, whence it occasion- 
ally passes into the intestinal canal; one of the most 
common varieties of worms, infesting the livers of 
the sheep, goat, ox, horse, ass, hog, hare, etc.; causes 
rot in sheep and cattle. D. heterophy'es, small worm 
detected in the small intestines; see Parasites and 
JForms. D. lanceola'tum, different species, has been 
found in the biliary ducts of man and of different 
phytivorous mammalia; see Parasites and Worms. D. 
oc'uli huma'ni, parasite observed in the eye of a 
child who had suffered from lenticular cataract. D. 
pernicio'sum, D. considered to be identical with D. 
endemicum. D. Ringeri, bronchial fluke; parasite 
found in the bronchial tubes in an epidemic disease, 
associated with cough and haemoptysis, occurring in 
parts of Formosa, China, and Japan. 
Distomi'asis. Disease due to the presence of tre- 
matodes or flukes in man, and occurring in Japan, 
Egypt, Arabia, Africa, China, and on the island of 
Formosa. See Distoma and Distomum. 
Distomum haematobium, dis'tom-um he-mat-o'be- 
um. Intestinal parasite giving rise to an endemic 
disease consisting in a disturbance of the uropoietic 
functions ; its favorite habitat is the portal veins and 
those of the bladder; see Parasites. D. hepat'icum 
or lanceola'tum, distoma hepaticum. D. ophthal- 
mo'bium or oc'uli huma'ni, distoma oculi humani. 
Distortio, dis-tor'she-o. Distortion, sprain, strabis- 
mus. D. o'ris, canine laugh. 
Distortion, dis-tor'shun {dis, torqueo, to wrest aside). 
Preternatural curvature of a bone, as distortion of the 
spine, limbs, etc. It signifies also a morbid state of 
the muscles of the eye, constituting squinting or stra- 
bismus. Distortions are said to be paralytic, spastic, 
or spasmodic, etc. 
Distor'tor o'ris. Zygomaticus major. 
Distrain' of the heart. Dilatation of the heart 
occurring suddenly without being preceded by dis- 
ease. 
Distributoria lactea thoracica, dis-trib-u-to're-ah 
lak'te-ah tho-ras'ik-ah. Thoracic duct. 
Districhia, dis-trik'e-ah {dis, thrix, hair). Distichi- 
asis. 
Districhiasis, dis-trik-e'as-is. Distichiasis. 
Distrix, dis'triks {dis, thrix, hair). Hairs of the 
scalp, weak, slender, and splitting at their extrem- 
ities. 
Disulphate, di-sul'fate. Combination of two parts 
of sulphuric acid with one part of a base. 
Disulphide, di-sul'fid. Combination of two atoms 
of sulphur with one atom of an element. D. of car'- 
bon, carbon disulphide. DISYM M ETRIA 
Disymmetria, dis-im-met're-ah. Bilateral sym- 
metry. 
Di'ta bark. Bark of Alstonia scholaris; possesses 
tonic, antiperiodic, and anthelmintic virtues. 
Ditaine, de'ta-een. Alkaloid from bark of Alstonia 
scholaris. 
Dit'amine. Ditaine. 
Dita'na digitifo'lia. Mexican plant which pro- 
motes the secretion of milk. 
Ditch stone crop. Penthorum sedoides. 
Dithiosal'icylate of so'dium. Sodium dithio- 
salicylate. 
Dithiosalicyl'ic ac'id. Yellow powder formed from 
equal weights of salicylic acid and sulphur chloride. 
Two salts of sodium, sodium dithiosalicylates, are em- 
ployed medicinally: one used as a powerful antisep- 
tic, speedily destroying bacilli; the other as an anti- 
septic, antiarthritic, and antipyretic. 
Dith'marsch disease. Form of endemic syphilis. 
Dithymol-diiodide. Aristol. 
Dithymol-triiodide. Annidalia. 
Ditocia, dit-o'se-ah. Distocia. 
Ditrachyceras, de-trak-is'er-as (di, trachus, rough, 
leer as, horn). Genus of intestinal worms. See Parasites. 
Dittander, dit'tan-der. Lepidium sativum. 
Dittany, dit'an-e. (See Dictamnus). Cunila mariana. 
339 
DIVERTICULAR HERNIA 
D., American, Cunila mariana. D., bas'tard, Dic- 
tamnus albus. D. of Crete, Origanum dictanmus. 
D., moun'tain, Cunila mariana. 
Dittecoia, dit-te-koi'ah (dittos, double, akoe, hear- 
ing). Double hearing. 
Dittel's porte remdde. Instrument consisting of 
a tube with a flexible obturator, into which a sup- 
pository or nitrate of silver is introduced, for mak- 
ing applications to the deep urethra. 
Dittopia (dit-to'pe-ah) or Dittopsia, dit-top'se-ah 
(diitos, double, ops, eye). Diplopia. 
Dit'trich's plugs. Dirty yellow pea- or bean-sized 
masses occasionally found in the sputum of putrid 
bronchitis. 
Diuresisesthesis, de-u-re-se-es-the'sis (di, oureo, to 
pass urine, aisthesis, feeling). Desire to pass urine. 
Diuresis (de-u-ra'sis) or Di'urism (dia, oureo, to pass 
urine). Abundant excretion of urine. 
Diuretic, di-u-ret'ik. Medicine which has the 
property of increasing the secretion of urine. Diu- 
retics act on the circulation in the kidney, raising the 
arterial pressure in the glomeruli, or they act on the 
secreting cells of the tubules, and may increase the 
amount of water and the amount of solids excreted 
by them. Their mode of action is more clearly ex- 
hibited in the following table (Brunton): 
[■ Increased action of the heart . . 
MODE OF ACTION OF DIURETICS. 
digitalis, 
alcohol. 
Digitalis. 
Erythrophlceum. 
Strophanthus. 
Squill. 
Convallaria. 
Strychnine. 
Caffeine. 
Cold to surface. 
Generally 
L Contraction of vessels in intestines and throughout the body 
Raise arterial 
pressure. 
The same as in 
preceding list. 
Contract efferent vessels or arteriae 
rectse, so as to raise pressure in 
glomerulus and lessen absorption 
in tubules, or both. 
By action on vaso-motor centres. 
By local action on vessels or 
nervous structures in the kid- 
ney itself. 
Broom. 
Turpentine. 
Juniper. 
Copaiba. 
Cantharides. 
Locally in 
kidney. 
Dilate afferent vessels 
Paralyze vaso-motor nerves or 
involuntary muscular fibre, 
or stimulate vaso-dilating 
nerves. 
Nitrites. 
Alcohol. 
Urea. 
Act on the secret- 
ing nerves, or 
secreting cells of 
the kidney it- 
self. 
Increase water excreted . . 
[ Urea. 
Caffeine. 
(Calomel. 
Increase solids excreted . 
Liquor potass®. 
Potassium acetate, etc., and other saline diuretics. 
Diuretics are used therapeutically to remove ex- 
cess of fluid, as in dropsy, to promote the removal 
of deleterious products of waste or poisonous mate- 
rials from the blood, or to dilute the urine. The fol- 
lowing are the principal diuretics (Brunton): 
D. pow'der, pulvis diureticus. D. salt, potassium 
acetate. D. wine, see Wine, diuretic. 
Diuretica, de-u-ret'ik-ah. Arnica montana. 
Diureticosesthesis, de-u-ret-e-ko-ees-the'sis. De- 
sire or want to pass the urine. 
Diure'tin. Sodio-theobromine salicylate, a double 
compound of sodium theobromine and sodium sali- 
cylate. White soluble powder; diuretic, and said to 
excite the action of the heart; 'used in dropsy, oedema, 
cirrhosis of the liver, etc. The dose is 15 grains, four 
or five times a day. 
Diurism, di'u-rizm. Diuresis. 
Divagation, di-va-ga'shun. Rambling, incoherent 
speech of the insane. 
Divaricatio, div-ar-e-kah'she-o (di, varico, to strad- 
dle). Ectropion. 
Divellent, di-vel'lent. Bringing about separation; 
term used in chemistry. 
Divergence, di-vur'jence. Term used in ophthal- 
mology to designate the separation of the eyes from 
one another by the action of the muscles. 
Divergent, di-vur'jent. Extending from a common 
point in different directions. D. rays, see Rays. 
D. strabis'mus, see Strabismus. 
Di'ver's paral'ysis. Caisson disease. 
Diversorium chyli, de-ver-so're-um ke'le. Recep- 
taculum chyli. 
Diverticula, div-er-tik'u-lah (pl. of Diverticulum) 
spirit'uum anima'lium. See Ganglions. 
Diverticular hernia, di-vur-tik'u-lar hur'ne-ah. 
A prolongation of the bowel, either a congenital 
diverticulum or a blind pouch of the mucous and 
serous coats, the muscular coat leaving given way, 
Refrigerant Diuretics. 
Water in large quantities. 
Carbonic acid (aerated wa- 
ters). 
Sodium salts-e. g. common 
salt. 
Potassium salts, especially 
the 
Acetate, Citrate, 
Bitartrate, Nitrate. 
Chlorate, 
Adonis vernalis. 
Broom. 
Caffeine. 
Colchicum. 
Digitalis. 
Hydvagogue Diuretics. 
Erythrophloeum. 
Nitrous ether. 
Squill. 
Strophanthus. 
Alcohol, 
Gin, 
Hock. 
Cantharides. 
Blatta orientalis. 
Oleo-resins, resins, and vola- 
tile oils: 
Turpentine, 
Juniper, 
Savin, 
Copaiba, 
Cubebs, 
Black pepper, 
Matico, 
Kawa, 
Guaiac. 
Stimulant Diuretics. 
Umbelliferous plants, chiefly 
containing volatile oils: 
Parsley, 
Carrot, 
Dill, 
Fennel. 
Cruciferous plants: 
Mustard, 
Horseradish, 
Asparagus. 
Uva ursi. 
Sarsaparilla. 
Buchu. 
Pareira. 
Chimaphila. 
Taraxacum. 
Ononis spinosum, 
Santonica. DIVERTICULUM 
Diverticulum (div-er-tik'u-lum) or Devertic'ulum 
(di, verto, to turn aside). Turning. Blind tube or 
cul-de-sac branching out of the course of a longer one, 
as the D. caecum. An organ capable of receiving an 
unusual quantity of blood, when the circulation is ob- 
structed or modified elsewhere, is said to act as a di- 
verticulum. Also malformation or diseased appear- 
ance of a part, in which it passes out of its regular 
course. Sometimes applied to such a condition of the 
alimentary canal. Also a hole to get out at; a by- 
passage. See Ectrope. D. cse'cum or Meckel's, sac- 
culated condition of the ileum in the embryo, due to 
non-obliteration of the vitelline duct. D. Nuck'ii, 
canal of Nuck. D. pharyn'gis, pharyngocele. D. 
Vate'ri, vertical projection formed at the back part 
of the duodenum by the mucous membrane. 
Dividing, div-i'ding (divido, to part or portion). 
That which divides or separates. D. band'age, band- 
age employed for the purpose of keeping parts sepa- 
rated from each other. Used particularly to prevent 
improper union, as in cases of burns of the neck or 
other parts. 
Division, div-izh'un (same etymon as Dividing). 
Accidental separation of parts naturally united, as a 
wound or solution of continuity. Also an operation 
consisting in cutting certain parts to fulfil some 
therapeutical indication. 
Divul'sio uri'nse. Cloudiness of urine. See Ense- 
orema. 
Divulsion, di-vul'shun (di, vello, to pull asunder). 
Rupture or laceration of organs by external violence. 
Divulsion used in the treatment of strictures has now 
been almost entirely abandoned. 
Divulsor. Instrument for dilating strictures of the 
urethra. 
Diylisis (de - il'is - is) or Diylismus, de-il-is'mus. 
Straining or filtering a liquid. 
Diylister (de-il-ist'ur) or Diylistrion, de-il-ist're-on. 
Filter, percolator. 
Dizziness, diz'ze-nes. Vertigo. D., abdom'inal, 
vertigo dependent upon or associated with disordered 
stomach. 
Dizzy, diz'e. Vertiginous. 
Djur'nang. Dragon's blood. 
Doche, dok'e. Eeceptacle. 
Docheion, dok-i'on. Receptacle. 
Dochme, dok'me. Grecian measure equal to about 
four fingers' breadth. 
Dochmiosis, dok-me-o'sis. Ankylostomiasis. 
Dochmius ankylostomus, dok'me-us an-ke-los'to- 
mus. Ankylostoma duodenale; occurs in intestinal 
canal of man, causing disease called ankylostomiasis. 
D. duodenal'is, see Ankylostomiasis. 
Docimasia, dos-e-mah'se-ah (dokimazo, to try or 
prove the quality of anything). Act of assaying. D. 
medicamento'rum et veneno'rum, testing of medi- 
cines and poisons. D. pulmo'num, Lung proof, 
Respiration proof. Different proofs to which the or- 
gans of respiration of a newborn child are subjected 
for the purpose of detecting whether it has or has not 
respired after birth; in other words, whether it was 
born alive or dead. 1. In testing lungs with water, 
for the purpose of seeing whether they are specifically 
heavier or lighter than that fluid-docimasia pulmo- 
num hydrostatica, or hydrostatic test. If lighter, it 
would be some evidence that the foetus had respired. 
2. In comparing the weight of the lungs with that of 
the whole body, the weight of lungs in which respi- 
ration has taken place being nearly twice as great- 
docimasia pulmonum statica, or Ploucquet's static test ; 
but, according to Casper, unworthy of attention. 
3. By measuring the circumference of the thorax and 
lungs and comparing their dimensions with those of 
an infant which has not respired-Daniel's test. These 
tests, singly, afford only probable evidence, but when 
united the deductions may be more conclusive. 
Docimasiologia, dos-e-mas-e-o-loj'e-ah (docimasia, 
logos, treatise). Docimasia. 
Docimaster, dos-e-mas'tur. Examiner or tester. 
Docimastic, dos-e-mas'tik. Relating to docimasia. 
Docimastice, dos-e-mas'tis-e. Docimasiologia. 
340 
' DOGWOOD 
Docimasy, dos'i-ma-se. Docimasia. 
Dock. Rumex. D., bit'ter, Rumex obtusifolius. 
D., blood'y, Rumex sanguineus. D., blood'y-veined, 
Rumex sanguineus. D., blunt'leaved, Rumex ob- 
tusifolius. D. cresses, lapsana. D., curled, Rumex 
crispus. D., sour, Rumex acetosus, R. crispus. D., 
sour, bo'real, Oxyria reniformis. D., spat'ter, 
Nuphar advena. D., wa'ter, Rumex hydrolapathum. 
D., wild, sharp-point'ed, Rumex acutus. D., yel'- 
low, Rumex crispus. 
Doctor, dok'tor (doctits, learned). Frequently ap- 
plied to any one practising medicine, although prop- 
erly confined to him who has received his degree of 
Doctor of Medicine. See Physician. " To doctor " is 
sometimes used, vulgarly, for " to treat with drugs." 
D. gum, resin of Rhus metopium. 
Doctrina Galliana, dok-tre'nah gal-le-an'ah (doc- 
trine of Gall). Craniology. D. sote'ria, medicine. 
Doctrine, medical, dok'trin, med'ik'l. Principles 
or positions of any medical sect or master. D., 
physiological, Broussaism. 
Dod. Typha latifolia. 
Dod'der. Cuscuta glomerata. D., American, 
Cuscuta glomerata. D. of thyme, Cuscuta epithy- 
mum. 
Dodecadactylitis, do-dek-ah-dak-til-e'tis. Duoden- 
itis. 
Dodecadactylon, do-dek-ah-dak'til-on (dodeka, 
twelve, daktulos, finger). Duodenum. 
Dodecapharmacum, do-dek-ah-far'mah-kum (do- 
deka, twelve, pharmakon, a medicine). Ancient name 
given to all medicines which consisted of twelve in- 
gredients. 
Dodecasulphide, do-dek-ah-sulf'id. Compound in 
which an element or radical is combined with twelve 
atoms of sulphur. 
Dodecatheon, do-dek-ath'e-on (dodeka, twelve, ti- 
themi, to put, or theos, a god, after the twelve Grecian 
gods). Antidote consisting of twelve simple sub- 
stances. Sanicula. D. Plin'ii, Pinguicola vulgaris. 
Dodging (doj'ing) time. Menopause. 
Dodonsea, do-don-e'ah (after R. Dodoens of Leyden). 
Myrica gale. D. angustifo'lia, species growing in 
India and the Antilles; in the last-named country a 
decoction of the wood is used in fevers and as a pur- 
gative. D. salicifo'lia, Dodonsea angustifolia. D. 
Thunbergia'na, shrub growing at Cape of Good 
Hope; gentle cathartic. 
Dodrans, dod'rans. Measure of twelve fingers' 
breadth, or about nine inches. 
Dogbut'ton. Nux vomica. D. cham'omile, Matri- 
caria chamomilla. D. fen'nel, Eupatorium foenicula- 
tum. D. rose, see Rosa canina. 
Dog'choak. Cynanche. 
Dog'days. During these days, comprised be- 
tween the 24th of July and the 23d of August, the 
temperature of the air is generally high and oppres- 
sive ; formerly believed to be a period particularly 
unpropitious to health. They have received this 
name from the dogstar, Canicula, Seirios, Sirius, very 
brilliant star in the constellation of the Great Dog, 
which rises and sets at this time with the sun. 
Dog'grass. Triticum repens. 
Dog'hip. See Rosa canina. 
Dog'ma. Authoritative belief or statement. 
Dogmatic, dog-mat'ik (dogma, from dokeo, to think). 
Name of an ancient medical sect, so called because 
its members endeavored by reasoning to discover the 
essence of diseases and their occult causes; while the 
Empirics, their rivals, confined themselves strictly to 
experience-i. e. to the observation of facts. The 
union of the two modes of investigation makes the 
rational physician. These sectarians are likewise 
called Dogmatists, and their doctrine Dogmatism. 
Dogs' bane. Apocynum androsaemifolium. D.. 
bane, bit'ter, Apocynum androsaemifolium. D. 
grass, Triticum repens. D. stones, Orchis mascula. 
Dog'star. Canicula. 
Dog's-tooth vi'olet. Erythronium Americanum. 
Dog'tree. Cornus florida. 
Dog'wood. Cornus florida, Rhus venenata. D., DOKE 
blue'berried, Cornus sericea. D., fe'male, Cor- 
nus sericea. D., flor'id, Cornus florida. D., great- 
flowered, Cornus florida. D., Jamai/ca, Piscidia 
erythrina. D., New Eng'land, Cornus sericea. D., 
pan'icled, Cornus paniculata. D., pond, Cephalan- 
thus occidentalis. D., round'leaved, Cornus circinata. 
D., sil'kyleaved, Cornus sericea. D., striped, Acer 
Pennsylvanicum. D., swamp, Cornus sericea, Ptelea 
trifoliata. D., Virginian, male, Cornus florida. D„ 
white, Cornus paniculata. 
Doke. Contusion. 
Dolabra, dol-ab'rah (doZo, to hew). Bandage, in 
shape of an axe, in which the turns are so placed that 
each one covers two-thirds of that which is immedi- 
ately beneath it. See Bandage. 
Dol'beau's operation. Lithotomy in the median 
line, in which the calculus is crushed previous to its 
extraction. 
Doliarin, dol-e'ar-in. Active principle obtained 
from juice of Urostigma doliarium; possesses purga- 
tive and anthelmintic properties. 
Dolichocephalae, dol-e-ko-sef'al-e (gentes) (dolichos, 
long, kephale, head). Longheads. Nations whose 
cerebral lobes completely cover the cerebellum, as 
the Kelts, Germans, negroes, etc. 
Dolichocephalia, dol-e-ko-sef-al'e-ah. Monstrosity 
in which the head is abnormously long. 
Dolichocephalic, dol-e-ko-sef-al'ik. Having a long 
head, in which the antero-posterior diameter exceeds 
the transverse in length. 
Dolichocephalus, dol-e-ko-sef'al-us. Dolichoceph- 
alic. 
Dolichofacial, dol-e-ko-fa'se-al (dolichos, facies, 
face). Having a long face. 
Dolichohieric, dol-e-ko-hi-er'ik (dolichos, hieron, 
sacrum). Relating to a sacrum in which the length 
exceeds the breadth. 
Dolichopel'lic or Dolichopelvic, dol-e-ko-pel'vik. 
Relating to a pelvis in which the antero-posterior 
diameter exceeds the transverse. 
Dolichopodous, dol-e-kop'od-us (dolichos, pous, foot). 
Having long feet. 
Dolichos, dol'e-kos (dolichos, long, as applied to the 
pods). Genus of plants of the leguminous family; in- 
cludes a number of species, generally indigenous in 
India or America. Dolichos lablab, or Lablab, is found 
in Egypt; the fruit is eaten. Dolichos Sinensis is eaten 
in China, and is stored up as a provision for long voy- 
ages. Dolichos tuberosus, of Martinique, has tuberous 
roots, and the consistence and taste of the turnip. 
Dolichos bulbosus, of the W. Indies, resembles the tur- 
nip ; and from the seeds of the Dolichos soja the Jap- 
anese prepare the well-known sauce Soy, which they 
term Sooja. The most important in medicine is the 
D. pru'riens, Cowhage, Cowitch, order Leguminosse. 
The stiff hairs of the Dolichos pods, Mucuna, are 
the parts used in medicine. They excite an in- 
tolerable, prurient sensation when applied to the 
skin, but do not irritate the mucous membrane over 
which they pass when administered internally. The 
dolichos is a mechanical anthelmintic, and is useful 
in cases of ascarides lumbricoides and oxyures ver- 
miculares. Dose, gr. v-x of the pubes, in molasses. 
Mucuna prurita, a distinct species, but possessing sim- 
ilar properties, grows in the East Indies. 
Do'lor. Pain. D. a'ni, pain in the anus, generally 
symptomatic of hemorrhoids, etc. D. cap'itls, cephal- 
algia. D. cephal'icus, headache. D. coVicus, colic. 
D. cru'cians facie'i, neuralgia, facial. D. den'tiuxn, 
toothache. D. d. a strido're, great sensibility of the 
teeth. D. facie'i, neuralgia, facial. D. ischiad'icus 
nervo'sus, neuralgia, femoro-poplitfeal. D. le'nis, 
slight pain. D. mi'tis, slight pain. D. nephret'icus, 
pain in the kidney. D. pec'toris exter'nus, pleuro- 
dynia. D. pudendo'rum, pain in the genital region. 
D. rheumat'icus et arthrit'icus, rheumatism. 
Dolores (do-lo'rees) (pl. of Dolor) intestino'rum. 
Colic. D. osteoc'opi (osteon, bone, kopto, to break), 
variety of syphilitic pains referred to the superficial 
bones especially, and to the shoulders, elbows, etc. D. 
adpar'tum, pains, labor. D. parturien'tis, pains, 
341 
DORSALIS 
labor. D. post-par'tum, after-pains. D. presagi- 
en'tes, irregular uterine pains occurring before com- 
mencement of labor. D. puerpera'rum, after-pains. 
D. roden'tes, pains, gnawing. 
Dolorific, do-lor-if'ik (dolor, pain, facio, to make). 
Causing pain. 
Dombeya excelsa, dom-be'ah ek-sel'sah (after Dom- 
bey, French botanist). Tree of Chili furnishing Dom- 
beya turpentine, a glutinous, milky-looking fluid of 
strong odor and taste. 
Domestic, do-mes'tik (domus, house). The term 
Domestic or Popular medicine has been given to trea- 
tises written to enable those who are not of the pro- 
fession to treat diseases which may occur in their 
families without calling in a physician; it also sig- 
nifies medicine when thus practised. 
Domicilium, dom-e-sil'e-um. Choroid coat of the eye. 
Domus leprosaria, do'mus lep-ro-sar'e-ah. A 
house or hospital for the leprous. 
Donda ndugu (brother ulcer). A disease occurring 
frequently on the east coast of Africa in form of an 
ulcer on the lower extremities; supposed to be due to 
a parasite. 
Donders's glauco'ma. Simple atrophic glaucoma. 
Don'do. Albino. 
Donesis, do-ne'sis. Agitation. 
Donnd, gran'ular bodies of. Colostrum corpuscles. 
D., test of, for detection of pus in urine, with hydrate 
of potash, the pus becoming thicker and more gummy. 
Donovan's solu'tion. See Arsenic and Mercury, 
iodide of. 
Doom. bark. Erythrophlceum. 
Door'weed. Polygonum. 
Dora, do'rah. Cutis. 
Doradilla, dor-ah-dil'lah. Asplenium ceterach. 
Dorcadizans, dor-kad-e'zans (dorkadizo, to leap 
like a roe, dorcas). Bounding, as the pulse. 
Dorea, do're-ah. One affected with hemeralopia. 
Dorema ammoniacum, do-re'mah am-mo-ni'ak-um. 
See Ammoniac, gum. D. an'cheri, Persian species, 
yielding ammoniac. D. au'reum, Indian species, 
yielding gum resembling officinal ammoniac. D. ro- 
bus'tum, Persian species, yielding a gum simulating 
ammoniac. 
Dor'mant. Sleeping, inactive. 
Dormitatio, dor-me-tah'she-o (dormito, to be sleepy). 
Somnolency. 
Dormitio, dor-mish'e-o (dormio, to sleep). Sleep. 
D. lucumoria'na, sleep continuing for several days. 
Dor'mitive. Tending to produce sleep; hypnotic. 
Doronicum arnica, do-ron'ik-um ar'nik-ah. Ar- 
nica montana. D. corda'tum, D. pardalianches. D. 
German'icum, Arnica montana. D. officina'le, D. 
pardalianches. D. oppositifo'lium, Arnica montana. 
D. pardalian'ches, Roman leopard's bane; root resem- 
bles Arnica montana in its properties. D. plantag'- 
inls fo'lio, Arnica montana. D. Roma'num, D. par- 
dalianches. 
Dor'sad. See Dorsal aspect. 
Dorsal, dor'sal (dorsum). Notal, Tergal. Relating 
or appertaining to the back of the body or one of its 
parts, as the dorsal vertebrae, nerves, etc.; dorsal 
artery of the tongue, penis, etc.; dorsal region of 
the foot, hand, etc. D. as'pect, aspect toward the 
dorsum or backbone. Dorsad is used also to signify 
" toward the dorsal aspect." D. decu'bitus, recumbent 
position on the back. D. re'flex, see Reflex. 
Dorsalis, dor-sal'is. Dorsal. D. hallu'cis (arteria), 
dorsal artery of the thumb, branch of the dorsalis 
pedis. D. iii'dicis radia'lis ar'tery, dorsal artery of 
index finger. D. lin'guse, see Lingual and Artery. D. 
na'rium or na'si ar'tery, dorsal artery of nose. D. 
na'si mus'cle, pyramidalis nasi. D. pe'dis, contin- 
uation of the anterior tibial artery, passing forward 
from the bend of the ankle along the tibial side of the 
foot to the back part of the first interosseous space, 
where it divides into two branches. D. pe'nis, branch 
of the internal pudic nerve distributed to the upper 
part of the male organ and the clitoris of the female. 
D. p. ar'tery, dorsal artery of penis. D. pol'licis ra- 
dia'lis ar'tery, dorsal artery of thumb on radial side. DORSI-LUMBAR NERVE 
D. p. ulna'ris ar'tery, dorsal artery of thumb on ul- 
nar side. D. scap'ulse, dorsal artery of scapula. 
Dorsi-lumbar nerve. Small nerve connecting the 
last dorsal with the first lumbar nerve. 
Dorsispi'nal or Dorsospi'nal veins. Veins placed 
on the exterior of the spinal column. 
Dorso-anterior, dor'so-an-te're-or. Obstetrical term 
given to position of fcetus when its back is pointing 
toward anterior surface of mother. 
Dorsodyn'ia. Rheumatism of the dorsal region. 
Dorso-epitrochlearis, dor'so-ep-e-trok-le-ah'ris. 
Muscular fascicle occasionally met with extending 
from inferior margin of latissimus dorsi to interior 
muscular brachial septum. 
Dorso-intercos'tal. Relating to the back and the 
intercostal spaces, as dorso-intercostal neuralgia. 
Dorsolum'bar. Relating to the dorsal and lumbar 
regions. D. curve, double curve formed by the back 
in the lumbar regions. 
Dorsona'sal veins. Nasal veins. 
Dorsoposterior, dor'so-pos-te're-or. Obstetrical 
term given to position of foetus when its back points 
toward the posterior surface of the mother. 
Dorsoradial, dor'so-ra'de-al. Situated on dorsal 
surface and radial border of arm, hand, or finger. 
Dorsoscap'ular. Relating to back and shoulder; 
the dorsoscapular muscle is the rhomboid muscle. 
Dorsospi'nal. See Dorsispinal. 
Dorsosseus, dors-os'se-us (dorsum, os, bone). Dorsal 
interosseous muscle. 
Dorsosu'pra-acromia'lis mus'cle. Trapezius. 
Dorso-ul'nar. Situated on dorsal surface and 
ulnar border of arm, hand, or finger. 
Dorstenia Brasiliensis, dor-ste'ne-ah braz-il-e-en'- 
sis (after Dr. Dorsten, botanist, of Marburg). The 
root of this Brazilian plant is emetic and antidiar- 
rhceic. D. contrayer'va, Lisbon contrayerva, order 
Urticaceso. Plant of S. America, whose root, contra- 
yerva, is aromatic, bitter, and astringent. The plant is 
tonic, stimulant, and sudorific. D. cordifo'lia, pla- 
centoi'des, or vitel'la, D. Brasiliensis. 
Dorsua'lis. Dorsalis. 
Dor'sum. The back. Posterior part of the trunk, 
extending from the inferior and posterior region of 
the neck as far as the loins. The back of the foot, 
Dorsum pedis, is the upper part of that organ opposite 
the sole. The back of the hand, Dorsum mantis, is 
the part opposed to the palm, as Dorsum penis and 
Dorsum nasi are the back part of the penis and of the 
nose. Also vertebral column. D. ephip'pii, see Sella 
turcica. D. ma'nus, the back of the hand. 
Doryphora (do-rif'o-rah) decemlinea'ta. Potato- 
bug; possesses vesicating power. 
Do'sage. The study of the subject of doses. 
Dose (didomi, to give). Quantity of any substance 
which ought to form part of a compound medicine, 
or ought to be exhibited singly, to produce a desired 
effect. Divided doses are those taken in fractional 
parts at brief intervals. A maximum dose is the largest 
amount to be prescribed compatible with safety or 
justice to the patient's condition. Many circum- 
stances influence the doses of medicines. Women re- 
quire smaller doses, as a general principle, than men. 
Habit has a great effect, as well as climate, age, and 
idiosyncrasy. All these and other circumstances 
must be taken into account. To dose is to give medi- 
cine, and also to drug, or give to excess. When a 
medicine is given in small portions it is said to be in 
broken or divided doses. 
The following table is a convenient plan of deter- 
mining the dose applicable at different ages from 
childhood to the age of 24: 
342 
! DOSE 
The table of doses, according to age, recommended 
by Dr. Thomas Young affords a general approximation. 
His rule is: For children under twelve years of age 
the doses of most medicines must be diminished in the 
proportion of the age to the age, increased by twelve. 
2 
Thus, at two years, to l-7th; i. e. l-7th = 
2+12 
At twenty-one the full dose is given. 
Dr. Cowling's rule is to divide the number of the 
young person's next birthday by 24 ; thus, for a child 
three years old the fraction representing the dose 
would be ; for a child five years old, • 
Dr. Brunton suggests a convenient rule for calcu- 
lating the dose, especially when the metric system is 
used. He divides by 25 instead of 24. It is very easy 
to divide by 25 by simply multiplying by 4 and divid- 
ing by 100. When the metrical system is used, all that 
is necessary is to multiply the full dose by the num- 
ber of the child's next birthday, then by 4, and remove 
the decimal point twTo places to the left. Thus, if the 
full dose for an adult be 1 gramme, the dose for a 
1X4X4 
child of three will be -=.160 gramme, or 16 cen- 
tigrammes. If the full dose for an adult be .3 gramme, 
3X4X4 
the dose for a child of three will be '=.048, or 48 
milligrammes. If the full dose be 1 gramme, the dose 
1X6x4 
for a child of five will be -- =.240 gramme, or 24 
centigrammes. If the full dose be .3 gramme, the dose 
3x6x4 
for a child of five will be ' ■ =.072 gramme, or 72 
milligrammes. To put this rule shortly, the number 
of grammes in the full dose multiplied by the child's 
next birthday and by 4 gives the result in centi- 
grammes. The number of decigrammes multiplied in 
the same way gives the result in milligrammes. 
The following table gives the ordinary doses of the 
principal articles of the Materia Medica: 
dr. - drachm; fl. dr. = fluidrachm; fl. oz. = fluidounce; gr. = 
grain; gm. = gramme; min. - minim; oz. = ounce. 
Doses of Medicines. 
Remedy. 
Dose. 
Apothecaries' 
Weights and 
Measures. 
Metric 
System. 
Acetal 
2-3 dr. 
8.0-12.0 gm. 
Acetanilide 
1-8 gr. 
0.06-0.5 gm. 
Acetone 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
Acetophenone 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1.25 gm. 
Acetphenetidin 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Acetuni ] obelise 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
opii 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
sanguinari® 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
scillse 
10-30 min. 
0.6-1.8 gm. 
Acid, acetic, diluted . . . 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
arsenious 
gr- 
0.001-0.003 gm. 
solution of (Ph. U. S.) . 
2-8 min. 
0.12-0.5 gm. 
benzoic 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
boric 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
carbolic 
i-1 gr- 
|-5 min. 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
chrysophanic 
0.008-0.3 gm. 
citric 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1.25 gm. 
fluoric, dilute 
10-20 min. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
gallic 
3-15 gr. 
0.2-1.0 gm. 
hydriodic, dilute .... 
4 fl. dr. 
2.0 gm. 
hydrobromic, dilute . . 
1- fl. dr. 
2- min. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
hydrochloric 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
dilute 
10-20 min. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
hydrocyanic, dilute . . 
2-5 min. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
lactic 
1-3 dr. 
4.0-12.0 gm. 
nitric 
2-5 min. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
dilute 
10-25 min. 
0.6-1.5 gm. 
nitrohydrochloric or ni- 
tromuriatic 
2-5 min. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
phosphoric, dilute . . . 
5-25 min. 
0.3-1.5 gm. 
picric 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
polygalic 
i-1 gr- 
0.015-0.06 gm. 
salicylic 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1 gm. 
sulphuric 
2-5 min. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
aromatic 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
dilute 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
Table of Doses according to Age. 
Age 24 
Let the full dose be 
1 
1 drachm. 
18 
will require 
2-3ds. 
2 scruples. 
14 
half. 
1 drachm. 
7 
l-3d. 
1 scruple. 
4 
l-4th. 
15 grains. 
3 
l-6th. 
10 grains. 
2 
l-8th. 
8 grains. 
1 
1-12th. 
5 grains. DOSE 
343 
DOSE 
Remedy. 
Dose. 
Apothecaries' 
Weights and 
Measures. 
Metric 
System. 
Acid, sulphurous 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2-4 gm. 
tannic 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
tartaric 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2 gm. 
valerianic 
3-4 min. 
0.2-0.25 gm. 
Aconite, abstract of ... . 
l-i gr- 
0.015-0.03 gm. 
leaves, extract of ... . 
gr. 
0.015-0.03 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
1-5 min. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
tincture of 
10-15 min. 
0.6-1.0 gm. 
root, extract of 
b4 gr- 
0.01-0.016 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
4~1 min. 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
tincture of 
1-3 min. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
Aconitine 
gr- 
0.00015-0.0002 g. 
Adonidin 
A-b gr- 
0.005-0.01 gm. 
ASsculin 
15 gr. 
1.0 gm. 
TEther. See Ether. 
Agaricin 
Ari gr- 
0.005-0.015 gm. 
Ailanthus glandulosa, 
bark of 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Aletrin 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
Aletris, fluid extract of . . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Aloes 
2-6 gr. 
0.1-0.35 gm. 
extract of 
2-6 gr. 
0.1-0.35 gm. 
and myrrh, tincture of . 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
tincture of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
watery extract 
i-2 gr. 
0.03-0.12 gm. 
wine of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
A loin 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
Alstonia constricta, fluid 
extract 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Alumen 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
(as emetic) 
30 gr.-l dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Aluminium hydrate . . . 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
Ammonia, aromatic spirit 
30 min.-l fl. dr. 
2-4 gm. 
solution of acetate of . . 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4-8 gm. 
spirit of 
5-15 min. 
0.6-1.0 gm. 
water of 
2-6 gr. 
0.1-0.35 gm. 
Ammoniacum 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2 gm. 
mixture 
4-1 oz. 
16-32 gm. 
Ammonium benzoate . . . 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
bromide ........ 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2 gm. 
carbonate 
3-10 gr. 
0.18-0.6 gm. 
chloride 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
iodide 
3-5 gr. 
0.18-0.3 gm. 
phosphate 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
picrate 
44 gr- 
0.016-0.03 gm. 
sulphate 
3-10 gr. 
0.18-0.6 gm. 
valerianate 
2-8 gr. 
0.12-0.48 gm. 
Amygdala amara, water of 
Amyl nitrite 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
2-3 min. 
0.12-0.18 gm. 
by inhalation 
3-5 min. 
0.18-0.3 gm. 
Amylene hydrate 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Amylum iodatum 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
Anethum, oil of 
3-10 min. 
0.18-0.6 gm. 
Angelica root, fluid extract 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Angustura bark 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Aniline camphorate . . . 
3-4 gr. 
0.2-0.25 gm. 
Anise, oil of 
1-5 min. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
spirit of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Anthemis 
5-1 dr. 
2-4 gm. 
extract 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Antimonial powder .... 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
Antimony oxide 
2-3 gr. 
0.12-0.18 gm. 
oxysulphuret 
|-2 gr. 
0.03-0.12 gm. 
and potassium tartrate, 
as diaphoretic . . . 
44 gr. 
0.004-0.03 gm. 
as emetic 
4-1 gr. 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
sulphide 
5-2 gr. 
0.03-0.12 gm. 
sulphurated 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
sulphuret 
5-2 gr. 
0.03-0.12 gm. 
wine of 
10 min.-l fl. dr. 
0.6-4 gm. 
Antipyrin 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
Apiol 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Apocynin ........ 
Apocynum cannabinum . 
5-2 gr. 
0.03-0.12 gm. 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Apomorphine hydrochlo- 
rate 
0.004-0.006 gm. 
Aralia hisp., fluid extract of 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
nudicaulis, fluid extract 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
racemosa, fluid extract of 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
spinosa, fluid extract of . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Arbutin . 
1-10 gr. 
0.06-0.6 gm. 
Areca, fluid extract of . . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Argentum and compounds. 
See Silver. 
Arnica flowers, extract of . 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
root, extract of 
fluid extract of ... . 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
Remedy. 
Dose. 
Apothecaries' 
Weights and 
Measures. 
Metric 
System. 
Arnica root, tincture of . . 
Aromatic powder 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Arseniate of sodium, sol. of 
3-5 min. 
0.18-0.3 gm. 
Arsenic. See Acid, arseni- 
ous. 
bromide 
1-4 min. 
0.06-0.024 gm. 
iodide 
?b-b gr- 
0.004-0.008 gm. 
and mercury iodide, sol. 
of (Donovan's sol.) . 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
Arsenite of potassium, sol. 
of (Fowler's sol.) . . 
2-5 min. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Arum triphyllum 
15-30 gr. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Asafcetida 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1,2 gm. 
mixture of 
|-1 fl. oz. 
15-30 gm. 
tincture 
30 min.-l fl. dr. 
2-4 gm. 
Asarum, fluid extract of . 
Asclepias incarnata, fluid 
extract of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Syriaca, fluid extract of . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
tuberosa 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Aspidium, fluid extract of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
oleo-resin of 
30 min.-l fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Aspidosperma, abstract of 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
fluid extract of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Atropine sulphate .... 
lirA gr. 
0.0005-0.0015 g. 
Aurantii cortex, fluid ext. 
15 min.-2 fl. dr. 
1.0-8.0 gm. 
Azedarach, fluid extract of 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
Balsam of gurjun .... 
20-30 min. 
1.2-2.0 gm. 
of tolu 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Baptisia, extract of ... . 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract of 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Baptisine 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Bebeerine sulphate .... 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Belladonna, abstract of . . 
gr- 
0.03-0.1 gm. 
alcoholic extract of . . . 
i-i gr- 
0.016-0.03 gm. 
leaves, fluid extract of . 
3-6 min. 
0.18-0.36 gm. 
tincture of 
10-20 min. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
root, extract of 
b-I gr- 
0.008-0.016 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
1-2 min. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
Benzanilide 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
Benzoin, compound tinct. . 
30 min.-l fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
tincture of 
|-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Benzol 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
Berberina 
3-10 gr. 
0.18-0.6 gm. 
sulphate 
3-10 gr. 
0.18-0.6 gm. 
Berberis aquifolium, fluid 
extract of .... 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
vulgaris, fluid extract of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Bismuth and ammonium, 
citrate of 
1-10 gr. 
0.06-0.6 gm. 
citrate 
3-15 gr. 
0.18-1.0 gm. 
salicylate 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
subcarbonate 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
sub nitrate 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
tannate 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
valerianate 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
Bistort, root of 
Boldo, fluid extract of . . 
20 gr. 
1.2 gm. 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
oil of 
5 min. 
0.3 gm. 
tincture of 
8 min. 
0.5 gm. 
Brayera 
2-3 dr. 
8.0-12.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
|-1 fl. oz. 
15.0-30.0 gm. 
infusion of 
4-8 oz. 
118.0-236.0 gm. 
Bromal 
2-3 gr. 
0.12-0.2 gm. 
Bromoform 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
Brucina 
32-TB gr. 
0.002-0.004 gm. 
Brvonia, fluid extract of . 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
tincture of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Buchu, fluid extract of . . 
|-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Buckthorn, fluid extract of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Cactus grandiflora, fluid 
extract of 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
Caffeine 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
citrate of 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Cahinca or Cainca, bark of 
20-40 gr. 
1.2-2.5 gm. 
extract of 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
Cajeput, oil of 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
Calamus, fluid extract of . 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
Calcium benzoate .... 
10 gr. 
0.6 gm. 
bromide 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
carbonate 
15-30 gr. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
chloride 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
hypophosphite 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
iodide 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
lactophosphate, syrup of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
phosphate 
15-30 gr. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
sulphide 
k-5 gr- 
0.012-0.03 gm. 
Calendula, fluid extract of 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
tincture of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Calomel. See Mercury, mild 
chloride of. DOSE 
344 
DOSE 
Remedy. 
Dose. 
Apothecaries' 
Weights and 
Measures. 
Metric 
System. 
Calotropis gigautea, bark of 
5 gr. 
0.3 gm. 
Calumba, extract of. . . . 
3-10 gr. 
0.18-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract of 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
tincture of 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-16.0 gm. 
Calx chlorata 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
sulphurata 
i-1 gr- 
0.016-0.06 gm. 
Camphor 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
bromide 
2-o gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
monobromated 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
spirit of 
5-30 min. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
water 
j-2 fl. oz. 
16.0-64.0 gm. 
Camphoric acid 
15-30 gr. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Canella, fluid extract of . . 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
Cannabin tannate .... 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
Cannabis Americana, fluid 
extract of 
3-15 min. 
0.18-1.0 gm. 
Indica, abstract of . . . 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
extract of 
i-1 gr- 
0.015-0.06 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
3-6 min. 
0.18-0.36 gm. 
tincture of 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
Cantharides 
5-1 gr- 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
tincture of 
2-5 min. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Capsicum 
5-2 gr. 
0.03-0.12 gm. 
fluid extract of 
J-l min. 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
oleoresin of 
j-1 min. 
0.015-0.06 gm. 
tincture of 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
Caraway, oil of 
1-5 min. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
Carbon bisulphide ... 
|-1 min. 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
Cardamom, compound tine- 
ture of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
15-45 min. 
1.0-3.0 gm. 
tincture of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Caryophyllus, oil of . . . 
1-5 min. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
Cascara sagrada 
2-8 gr. 
0.12-0.5 gm. 
extract of 
2-8 gr. 
0.12-0.5 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Cascarilla 
20-30 gr. 
1.2-2.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Cassia fistula, pulp of . . . 
1-2 dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Castanea vesca, fluid ext. of 
|-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Castor 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
tincture of 
2-4 fl. dr. 
8.0-16.0 gm. 
Cataria, fluid extract of . . 
15 min.-l fl. dr. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
Catechu 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
compound tincture of . . 
|-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Caulophyllin 
i-4 gr- 
0.015-0.03 gm. 
Caulophyllum, infusion of 
1-2 oz. 
16.0-64.0 gm. 
Cava-cava 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Cerium nitrate 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
oxalate 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
Chalk, compound powder . 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
mixture 
1-2 fl. oz. 
32-64 gm. 
prepared 
15-30 gr. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Chamomile, oil of 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
Charcoal, animal, purified 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Chelidonium majus .... 
|-1 dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
extract of 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Chenopodium, oil of . . . 
4-8 min. 
0.24-0.5 gm. 
Cherry-laurel water . . . 
5-30 min. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
Chimaphila, fluid ext. of . 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Chinoidin 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Chinoline tartrate .... 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1 gm. 
Chionanthus, fluid ext. of . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Chiretta, fluid extract of . 
J-l fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
tincture of 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
Chloral hydrate 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
Chloralamide 
15-30 gr. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Chlorine-water 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-15.0 gm. 
Chloroform, mixture of . . 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-15.0 gm. 
purified 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
spirit of 
10 min.-l fl. dr. 
0.6-4.0 gm. 
Chrysarobin 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
Cimicifuga, fluid ext. of . 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
tincture of 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Cinchona bark 
10 gr.-l dr. 
0.6-4.0 gm. 
aromatic fluid extract . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
compound tincture of . 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
extract of 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
tincture of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
8.0-15.0 gm. 
Cinchonia sulphate .... 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
Cinchonidia or Ciuchoni- 
dine sulphate .... 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Cinchonine sulphate . . . 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Cinnamon 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
oil of 
1-5 min. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
spirit of 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
tincture of 
4-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Cloves. See Caryophyllus. 
Remedy. 
Dose. 
Apothecaries' 
Weights and 
Measures. 
Metric 
System. 
Coca, fluid extract of . . . 
20 min.-l fl. dr. 
1.2-4.0 gm. 
leaves of 
|-1 dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Cocaine 
5-1 gr. 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
Cocculus, fluid extract of . 
1-3 min. 
0.06-0.2 gm. 
tincture of 
2-10 min. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
Codeine or Codeia .... 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
Colchicine 
gr' 
0.0012-0.0006 g. 
Colchicum, acetic ext. of. 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
root 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
extract of 
4-5 gr- 
0.015-0.03 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
2-5 min. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
wine of 
10-20 min. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
seed 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
2-8 min. 
0.12-0.5 gm. 
tincture of 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
wine of 
20-40 min. 
1.2-2.4 gm. 
Collinsonia, fluid ext. of . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Colocynth 
2-8 gr. 
0.12-0.5 gm. 
compound extract of . . 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
extract of ... 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Colocynthidine 
A~4 gr. 
0.005-0.01 gm. 
Colocynthin 
4-1 gr. 
0.015-0.06 gm. 
Condurango, fluid ext. of . 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Conine 
gr- 
0.001-0.002 gm 
hydrochlorate 
A_A gr- 
0.001-0.002 gm 
Conium, abstract of . . 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
fluid extract of 
5 min. 
0.3 gm. 
fruit, alcoholic extract of 
5-1 gr- 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
1-2 min. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
tincture of 
10-20 min. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
leaves, extract of ... . 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
1-3 min. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
Convallamarin 
4-2 gr. 
0.03-0.12 gm. 
Convallaria, extract of . . 
2-10 min. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Copaiba 
20 min.-l fl. dr. 
1.2-4.0 gm. 
oil of 
10-20 min. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
oleo-resin of 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
Copper, acetate 
4-5 gr- 
0.015-0.03 gm. 
ammoniated 
4-1 gr- 
0.01-0.06 gm. 
sulphate, astringent, tonic 
4-5 gr. 
0.015-0.03 gm. 
emetic 
5 gr- 
0.3 gm. 
Coptis, fluid extract of . . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Coral root 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Cornus florida, fluid ext. . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Corrosive sublimate. See 
Mercury. 
Corydalis, fluid extract of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Coto 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
fluid extract of 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
tincture of 
2-10 min. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
Cotoi'n 
A~4 gr- 
0.005-0.008gm. 
Cotton-root bark. See Gos- 
sypium. 
Creasote 
1-3 min. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
water 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-15 gm. 
Creolin 
4 gr- 
1-2 fl. dr. 
0.03 gm. 
Crocus, tincture of ... . 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Croton-chloral hydrate . . 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
Croton oil 
J-l min. 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
Cubebs 
10 gr.-l dr. 
0.6-4.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
oil of 
10-20 min. 
0.6-1-2 gm. 
oleo-resin of 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
tincture 
1-2 11. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Curare 
H gr. 
0.002-0.008 gm 
Curarin 
w-35 gr- 
0.001-0.002 gm 
Cusparia bark 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
extract of 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Cypripedium 
15 gr. 
1.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Damiana, fluid extract of . 
30 min.-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
tincture 
1-3 fl. dr. 
4.0-12.0 gm. 
Daturine 
t4b"A gr- 
1-3 min. 
0.0006-0.0012 g. 
Delphinium, fluid extract . 
0.06-0.2 gm. 
Digit aline 
gr. 
0.001-0.002gm 
Digitalis, abstract of . . . 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
extract of 
4-5 gr- 
0.01-0.03 gm. 
fluid extract of 
1-6 min. 
0.06-0.35 gm. 
infusion of 
2-4 fl. dr. 
8.00-16.00 gm 
powder of leaves of . . . 
5-1 gr- 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
tincture of 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
Dill, oil of 
3-10 min. 
0.18-0.6 gm. 
Dioscorea, fluid extract. . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Dita, fluid extract of . . . 
1-4 min. 
0.06-0.25 gm. 
Dogwood, bark of root . . 
20-60 gr. 
1.2-4 0 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Donovan's solution. See 
Arsenic. 
Dover's powder 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. DOSE 
345 
DOSE 
Remedy. 
Dose. 
Apothecaries' 
Weights and 
Measures. 
Metric 
System. 
Dracontium 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
fluid extract of 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Drosera, fluid extract of . 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
Drumine 
gr. 
0.3-0.06 gm. 
Duboisine 
ins gr- 
0.0006 gm. 
Dulcamara, extract of . . 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract of 
4-1 11. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Elaterin 
gr. 
0.001-0.003 gm. 
Elateriuni 
is-j gr- 
0.006-0.015 gm. 
Emetin, diaphoretic . . . 
gr. 
0.0005-0.002 gm. 
emetic 
gr- 
0.008-0.015 gm. 
Ergot 
15-00 gr. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
extract of 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract of 
15 min.-l fl. dr. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
tincture of 
4-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
wine of 
1-3 fl. dr. 
4.0-12.0 gm. 
Ergotin,Bonjean's (purified 
extract of ergot) . . 
2-8 gr. 
0.12-0.5 gm. 
Erigeron, oil of 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
Eriodictyum, extract . . . 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
fluid extract 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Erythrophlsein 
i\H gr- 
0.004-0.008 gm. 
Erythroxylcn. See Coca. 
Eserine 
bWs gr- 
0.001-0.003 gm. 
Ether, acetic ' 
compound spirit of (Hoff- 
man's anodyne). . . 
10-20 min. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
30 min. 
2.0gm. 
nitrous, spirit of (sweet 
spirit of nitre) . . . 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
sulphuric 
15-40 min. 
1.0-2.5 gm. 
Ethyl bromide 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
Eucalyptol 
10-15 min. 
0.6-1.0 gm. 
Eucalyptus, fluid ext. of. 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
oil of 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
Euonvmin 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Euonymus, extract of. . . 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
fluid extract of 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Eupatorium, fluid ext. of. 
Euphorbia pilulifera, fluid 
extract 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
5-30 min. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
Fel bovis purificatum . . 
3-6 gr. 
0.18-0.36 gm. 
Fennel, oil ot 
2-5 min. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Ferrum. See Iron. 
Frangula, fluid extract . . 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Galls, aromatic syrup of . 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
fluid extract 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
tincture of 
4-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Gamboge 
4-4 gr. 
0.03-0.25 gm. 
Gaultheria, oil of 
2-10 min. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
Gelsemium, abstract of . . 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
extract of 
5-1 gr- 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
fluid extract of 
2-5 min. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
tincture of 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
Gentian, compound infu- 
sion of 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
extract of 
2-3 gr. 
0.12-0.2 gm. 
fluid extract of 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-1.0 gm. 
tincture of 
1-2 11. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Geranium, fluid extract of 
20-30 min. 
1.2-2.0 gm. 
Geum, fluid extract of . . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Gillenia, fluid extract of . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Ginger, fluid extract of . . 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
oleo-resin of 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
tincture of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Glycyrrhiza. See Licorice. 
Goa powder 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
Gold bromide 
1-1 gr- 
0.008-0.03 gm. 
and sodium chloride . . 
0.001-0.003 gm. 
Gossypium root, fluid ex- 
tract of bark of . . . 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Granati radicis cortex, 
fluid extract .... 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Grindelia, fluid extract of 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Guaiac, ammoniated tinc- 
ture of . . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
resin of 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
tincture of . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Guaiacol . . 
i-3 gr. 
0.03-0.18 gm. 
Guarana 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Gurjun. See Balsam. 
Hajmatoxylon . . . 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
extract of . . 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
fluid extract of 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Hamamelis, fluid ext. of . 
30 min.-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Hedeoma, oil of 
2-5 min. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Helleborein 
0.006-0.016 gm. 
Helleborus niger, ext. of . 
4-2 gr. 
0.03-0.12 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
tincture of 
10-15 min. 
0.6-1.0 gm. 
Helonia, fluid extract of . 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Remedy. 
Dose. 
Apothecaries' 
Weights and 
Measures. 
Metric 
System. 
Hemidesmus, syrup of . . 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Hepatica, fluid extract of . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Hops, extract of 
3-15 gr. 
0.2-1.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
tincture of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Hydrangea, fluid ext. of . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Hydrastine 
14 gr- 
0.015-0.03 gm. 
Hydrastis, extract of . . . 
3-10 gr. 
0.2-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract of 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
tincture of 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Hydroquinone 
10-15 gr. 
0.6-1.0 gm. 
Hyoscine hydrobromate . 
dirs1', gr. 
0.0006-0.001 gm 
Hyoscyamine sulphate . . 
gr. 
0.0005-0.001 gm 
Hyoscyamus, abstract of . 
2-3 gr. 
0.12-0.2 gm. 
alcoholic extract of . . . 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
extract of 
2-3 gr. 
0.12-0.2 gm. 
fluid extract of flowers . 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
of seeds 
5 min. 
0.3 gm. 
tincture of flowers •. . . 
15-30 min, 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
of seeds 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Hypnal 
1-1 gr- 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
Hypnone 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
Hypophosphites, syrup of. 
1 fl. dr. 
4.0 gni. 
with iron, syrup of . . . 
1 fl. dr. 
4.0 gm. 
Ichthyol 
2-4 gr. 
0.1-0.25 gm. 
Ignatia, abstract of ... . 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.2 gm. 
extract of 
1-1 gr- 
0.015-0.06 gm. 
fluid extract of 
1-6 min. 
0.06-0.35 gm. 
tincture of 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
Ingluvin 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
Iodine, compound solution 
5 min. 
0.3 gm. 
tincture of 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
Iodoform 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.2 gm. 
Iodol 
1-2 gr. 
0.03-0.12 gm. 
Ipecacuanha, emetic . . . 
15-30 gr. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
expectorant 
b-1 gr- 
0.01-0.06 gm. 
abstract of 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
fluid extract of, emetic . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
syrup of 
J-l fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
wine of, emetic 
3-6 fl. dr. 
12.0-24.0 gm. 
expectorant 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
Iridin or Irisin 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
Iris, extract of 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
fluid extract of 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
Iron acetate, tincture of . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
and ammonium citrate . 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
sulphate 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
tartrate 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
arseniate 
s'ms gr. 
0.0015-0.003 gm 
benzoate 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
bitter wine of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
bromide 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
syrup of 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
carbonate, saccharated . 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
chloride 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
tincture of 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
and cinchonidia, citrate 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
citrate 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
compound mixture of . . 
1-2 fl. oz. 
30.0-60.0 gm. 
dialyzed 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
solution of 
10-30 min, 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
hydrated oxide of . . . 
Tablespoonful 
doses freely, as 
antidote to 
arsenic. 
hypophosphite 
syrup of 
5-10 gr. 
1 fl. dr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
4.0 gm. 
iodide 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
syrup of 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
lactate 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
magnetic oxide of . . . 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
malate 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
nitrate, solution .... 
8-15 min. 
0.5-1.0 gm. 
phosphate 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
pomate 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
and potassium, tartrate . 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
pyrophosphate 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
and quinia citrate . . . 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
reduced 
3-6 gr. 
0.2-0.4 gm. 
saccharated carbonate of 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
and strychnine citrate . 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
subcarbonate 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
subsulphate 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
sulphate 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
dried 
5-2 gr. 
0.03-0.12 gm. 
valerianate 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
wine of the citrate of . . 
|-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Jaborandi, extract of . . . 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
fluid extract of 
10-60 min. 
0.6-4.0 gm. 
Jalap 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
abstract of 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
compound powder of . . 
| dr. 
2.00 gm. 
extract of 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. Remedy. 
Dose. 
Apothecaries' 
Weights and 
Measures. 
Metric 
System. 
Jalap, alcoholic extract of . 
3-6 gr. 
0.18-0.35 gm. 
fluid extract of . . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
resin of 
4-8 gr. 
0.25-0.5 gm. 
tincture of 
4-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Juglans, extract of ... . 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
fluid extract of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Juniperus, fluid extract . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Kairin 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
Kamala 
1-2 dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Kino 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
tincture of 
4-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Koosso. See Brayera. 
Krameria 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
extract of 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
20-30 min. 
1.2-2.0 gm. 
syrup of 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-16.0 gm. 
tincture of 
4-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.00 gm. 
Lactuca, extract of ... . 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract of 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
Lactucarium 
10-15 gr. 
0.6-1.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
syrup of 
1-3 fl. dr. 
4.0-12.0 gm. 
Lappa, fluid extract of . . 
30-60 min. 
2 0-4.0 gm. 
Larix, fluid extract of . . 
30 min.-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Lead acetate 
4-3 gr. 
4-3 gr. 
0.03-0.18 gm. 
iodide 
0.03-0.18 gm. 
Leontin 
4-4 gr- 
0.015-0.03 gm. 
Leonurus, fluid extract of . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Leptandra 
20-40 gr. 
1.2-2.5 gm. 
extract of 
3-10 gr. 
0.18-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract of 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Leptandrin 
2-4 gr. 
0.12-0.25 gm. 
Licorice, compound mix- 
ture of 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-16.0 gm. 
powder of 
4-1 dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Lime, solution of 
1-4 dr. 
4.0-15.0 gm. 
syrup of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Liquor potassae, sodie, etc. 
See Potassa, Soda, etc. 
Lithium benzoate .... 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
bromide 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
carbonate 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
citrate 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
salicylate 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
Lobelia, fluid extract of . . 
1-5 min. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
tincture of 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Lupulin 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract of 
10-15 min. 
0.6-1.0 gm. 
oleo-resin of 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
tincture of 
4-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Lycopus, fluid extract of . 
5-30 min. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
Magnesia 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Magnesium carbonate . . 
10 gr.-l dr. 
0.6-4.0 gm. 
sulphate 
2 dr.-l oz. 
8.0-32.0 gm. 
sulphite 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Male fern, oleo-resin or oil 
30 min.-l fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Malt, extract of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Manganese binoxide . . . 
2-4 gr. 
0.12-0.25 gm. 
sulphate 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
Manna 
1-2 oz. 
32.0-64.0 gm. 
Manzanita, fluid extract of 
4-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Marrubium, fluid ext. of . 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Matico 
4-2 dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
tincture of 
4-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Matricaria, fluid extract of 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Menispermum,fluid ext. of 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Menthol 
2 gr. 
0.12 gm. 
Mercury with chalk . . . 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
corrosive chloride of . . 
gr. 
0.002-0.004 gm. 
cyanide 
ia_s gr- 
0.004-0.008 gm. 
iormamidate (1 per cent, 
solution) 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
green iodide of 
4-4 gr. 
0.01-0.03 gm. 
mass of (blue pill) . . . 
3-10 gr. 
0.2-0.6 gm. 
mild chloride of ... 
4-5 gr. 
0.008-0.3 gm. 
red iodide of 
s'j-ra gr- 
0.002-0.004 gm. 
salicylate 
4-1 gr. 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
tannate 
4-1 gr- 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
yellow subsulphate of . . 
4-1 gr. 
0.015-0.06 gm. 
Mezereum, extract of . . . 
4-1 gr. 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
fluid extract of 
3-10 min. 
0.18-0.6 gm. 
Mitchella, fluid extract of 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Morphine and its salts . . 
i'b-4 gr. 
0.004-0.03 gm. 
Morrhuol 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
Musk 
2-15 gr. 
0.1-1.0 gm. 
tincture of 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
Myrica, fluid extract of . . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Myrrh 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
DOSE 
346 
DOSE 
Remedy. 
Dose. 
Apothecaries' 
Weights and 
Measures. 
Metric 
System. 
Myrrh, tincture of ... . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Myrtol 
2-3 gr. 
0.12-0.18 gm. 
Naphthaline 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
Naphthol 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
Narceine 
4~4 gr- 
0.01-0.03 gm. 
Narcotine 
3 gr. 
0.18 gm. 
Nectandra, fluid ext. of . . 
Nitroglycerin (1 per cent. 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-16.0 gm. 
solution) 
1 min. 
0.06 gm. 
Nux vomica, abstract of . 
1-1 gr. 
0.015-0.06 gm. 
extract of 
1-5 gr- 
0.008-0.03 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
1-5 min. 
0.06-0.3 gm 
tincture of 
10-20 min. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
Nymphsea, fluid extract of 
Opium, camphorated tine- 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
ture of (paregoric) . 
confection of 
4-2 fl. dr. 
10-40 gr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
0.6-2.5 gm. 
extract of 
W gr. 
0.01-0.03 gm. 
powder 
4-1 gr- 
0.015-0.06 gm. 
tincture of (laudanum) . 
5-15 min 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
wine of 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1 0 gm. 
Pancreatin 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
Papaver, extract of ... . 
4~2 gr. 
0.03-0.12 gm. 
fluid extract of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Papayotin 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
Paracotoin 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
Paraldehyde 
20-60 min. 
1.2-4.0 gm. 
Pareira 
1-1 dr. 
2-4.0 gm. 
extract of 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
tincture of 
1 fl. dr. 
4.0 gm. 
Pelletierine, sulphate . . . 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
tannate 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
Peppermint, oil of ... . 
2-5 min. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
spirit of 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Pepsin, pure 
liquor of 
15 gr.-l dr. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
2-4 fl. dr. 
8.0-15.0 gm. 
saccharated 
30 gr.-J oz. 
2.0-16.0 gm. 
Petroselinum, fluid ext. of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Phellandrium, fluid ext. of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Phenacetin 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Phosphorated oil 
3-5 min. 
0.18-0.3 gm. 
Phosphorus 
TSB-TK gr- 
0.0006-0.0008 g. 
Physostigma, extract of . 
TS-B gr- 
0.004-0.01 gm. 
fluid extract of 
1-3 min. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
tincture of 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
Physostigmine salicylate . 
tIo-so gr- 
0.0005-0.0008 g. 
sulphate 
Tsn-s'o gr- 
0.0005-0.0008 g. 
Phytolacca, abstract of . . 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.00 gm. 
berries, fluid extract of . 
5-30 min. 
0.12-2.0 gm. 
root, extract of 
fluid extract of ... . 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
5-30 min. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
tincture of 
10-60 min. 
0.6-4.0 gm. 
Phytolaccin 
2-3 gr. 
0.12-0.18 gm. 
Picrotoxin 
gr- 
0.001-0.002 gm 
Pilocarpine and its salts . 
gr- 
0.001-0.03 gm. 
Pilocarpus, abstract of . . 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
fluid extract of 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
Pimenta, fluid extract of . 
15-45 min. 
1.2-3.0 gm. 
Piper methysticum, fluid 
extract of 
15 min.-l fl. dr. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
nigrum, fluid extract of . 
15-45 min. 
1.0-3.0 gm. 
oleo-resin of 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.2 gm. 
Piperine 
1-8 gr- 
0.06-0.5 gm. 
Piscidia erythrina, ext. of 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
powder of 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
Podophyllum, abstract of. 
1-5 gr. 
0.6-0.3 gm. 
resin of 
0.008-0.03 gm. 
Polygonum, fluid extract 
Pomegranate, bark of. . . 
15-30 min. 
20-30 gr. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
1.2-2.0 gm. 
Poppy. See Papaver. 
Populus, fluid extract of . 
Potassa, solution of (liquor 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
potassae) 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
Potassium acetate .... 
15 gr.-l dr. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
bicarbonate 
10-40 gr. 
0.6-2.5 gm. 
bitartrate 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
bromide 
10 gr.-l dr. 
0.6-4.0 gm. 
carbonate 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
chlorate 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
citrate 
15-60 gr. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
solution of 
2-4 fl. dr. 
8.0-16.0 gm. 
cyanide 
tb-s gr- 
0.004-0.008 gm 
ferrocyanide 
10-15 gr. 
0.6-1.0 gm. 
hypophosphite 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
iodide 
2-15 gr. 
0.12-1.0 gm. 
mixture of the citrate of 
4 fl. oz. 
15.0 gm. 
nitrate 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
permanganate 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
and sodium tartrate . . 
4-1 oz. 
15.0-30.00 gm DOSE 
347 
DOSE 
Remedy. 
Dose. 
Apothecaries' 
Weights and 
Measures. 
Metric 
System. 
Potassium sulphate .... 
30 gr.-2 dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
sulphide 
1-10 gr. 
0.06-0.6 gm. 
sulphite 
15-30 gr. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
tartrate 
1 dr.-l oz. 
4.0-32.0 gm. 
Prinos 
30 gr.-l dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
fluid extract 
30-00 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Ptelea trifoliata 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Pulsatilla, fluid extract of . 
2-5 min. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Pyrethrum, tincture of . . 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Pyridine 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
Pyrodine 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
Quassia, extract of ... . 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
fluid extract of 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
tincture of 
J-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Quebracho, fluid extract of 
20-60 min. 
1.2-4.0 gm. 
Quercus, fluid extract of . 
30-00 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Quinidine 
1-30 gr. 
0.06-2.0 gm. 
Quinine and salts 
1-30 gr. 
0.06-2.0 gm. 
arseniate 
J-l gr- 
0.01-0.06 gm. 
Quinoidin 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Resorcin 
5-10 gr. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
Rhamnus catharticus, fluid 
extract of 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4 0 gm. 
Rhubarb 
2-30 gr. 
0.12-2.0 gm. 
aromatic syrup of ... 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-16.0 gm. 
aromatic tincture of . . 
|-1 11. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
compound powder of . . 
|-1 dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
extract of 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
fluid extract of .... 
15-40 min. 
1.0-2.5 gm. 
and soda, mixture of . . 
|-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
sweet tincture of ... . 
1-4 11. dr. 
4.0-16.0 gm. 
syrup of 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-16.0 gm. 
tincture of 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-16.0 gm. 
wine of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Rhus, aromatic fluid ext. . 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
glabra (cortex), fluid ext. 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
(fructus),fluid extract . 
30-00 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
toxicodendron ..... 
1-6 min. 
0.06-0.4 gm. 
Roses, fluid extract of . . 
|-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
syrup of 
1-2 11. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Rubus, fluid extract of . . 
|-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Rumex, fluid extract of . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Ruta, fluid extract of . . . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Sabbatia, fluid extract of . 
30-60 gr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Sabina, fluid extract of . . 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
Saccharin 
|-4 gr. 
0.03-0.25 gm. 
Salicin 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Salix, fluid extract of . . . 
J-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Salol 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
Salvia, fluid extract of . . 
|-2 fT. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Sambucus, fluid extract of 
i-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Sandal-wood, oil of . . . . 
15-20 min. 
1.0-1.2 gm. 
Sanguinaria . 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
fluid extract of 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
tincture of 
10-40 min. 
0.6-2.5 gm. 
Santonica 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
Santonin 
1-4 gr. 
0.06-0.25 gm. 
Sarsaparilla, compound 
fluid extract of . . 
i-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
compound syrup of . . . 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-16.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
i-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Sassafras, fluid extract of . 
i-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Savine, oil of 
2-5 min. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Scammony 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
resin of 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
Scoparius, fluid extract of . 
|-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Scutellaria, fluid extract . 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Scutellarine 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.18 gm. 
Senega, abstract of ... . 
4-10 gr. 
0.25-0.6 gm. 
fluid extract of 
8-15 min. 
0.5-1.0 gm. 
syrup of 
i-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Senna 
10-60 gr. 
0.6-4.0 gm. 
compound infusion of . . 
1-2 oz. 
32.0-64.0 gm. 
confection of 
1-2 dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-15.0 gm. 
infusion of 
4 fl. oz. 
125.0 gm. 
syrup of 
1-4 fl. dr. 
4.0-16.0 gm. 
tincture of 
2 fl. dr.-l fl. oz. 
8.0-30.0 gm. 
Serpentaria, fluid ext. of . 
30min.-l fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
tincture of 
i~2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Silver iodide . 
i-2 gr. 
0.03-0.12 gm. 
nitrate 
1-i gr. 
0.015-0.03 gm. 
oxide 
1-1 gr- 
0.03-0.06 gm. 
Simaruba, fluid extract . . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Soda, solution of (liquor 
sodae) 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
Sodium acetate . 
15 gr.-l dr. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
arseniate 
g'n-ro gr. 
0.001-0.006 gm. 
benzoate 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
bicarbonate 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Remedy. 
Dose. 
Apothecaries' 
Weights and 
Measures. 
Metric 
System. 
Sodium bisulphite .... 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
borate 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
bromide 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
carbonate 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
chlorate 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
citrate 
1-10 dr. 
4.0-40.0 gm. 
hypophosphite 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
hyposulphite 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
iodide 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1.2 gm. 
nitrite 
1-4 gr. 
0.06-0.25 gm. 
phosphate 
2-10 gr. 
0.12-0.6 gm. 
salicylate 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
sulphate 
1-4 dr. 
4.0-16.0 gm. 
sulphite 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Solidago, fluid extract of . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Sparteine sulphide .... 
Agr. 
0.002 gm. 
Spigelia, fluid extract of . 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
and senna, fluid extract 
4-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Squill, compound fl. ext. of 
5-30 min. 
0.3-1.8 gm. 
syrup of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
5-30 min. 
0.3-1.8 gm. 
syrup of 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
tincture of 
10-60 min. 
0.6-4.0 gm. 
Stillingia, fluid extract of . 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
Stramonium, extract of . . 
4 gr- 
0.03 gm. 
fluid extract of 
1-4 min. 
0.06-0.25 gm. 
leaves, alcoholic ext. of . 
Mgr. 
0.015-0.03 gm. 
tincture of 
8-15 min. 
0.5-1.0 gm. 
seeds, extract of ... . 
i~i gr- 
0.015-0.03 gm. 
tincture of 
6-15 min. 
0.4-1.00 gm. 
Strontium bromide .... 
20-30 gr. 
1.2-2.0 gm. 
iodide 
10-20 gr. 
0.6-1.2 gm. 
lactate 
20-30 gr. 
1.2-2.0 gm. 
phosphate 
20-30 gr. 
1.2-2.0 gm. 
Strophanthus, tincture of. 
3-8 min. 
0.2-0.5 gm. 
Strophantin 
T5B~BB gr- 
0.0005-0.001 gm. 
Strychnine and its salts . 
B?_TB gr- 
0.001-0.004 gm. 
Sulphonal 
15-30 gr. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Sulphur 
1-3 dr. 
4.0-12.0 gm. 
Sumbul, fluid extract of . 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
tincture of 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Taraxacum, extract of . . 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Terebene 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 gm. 
Terpine hydrate 
2-5 gr. 
0.12-0.3 gm. 
Terpinol 
A gr- 
0.003 gm. 
Thallin, sulphate of . . . 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
tartrate of 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
Theine 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
Thuja, fluid extract of . . 
10-15 gr. 
0.6-1.0 gm. 
Thymol 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
Toxicodendron, fluid ext. . 
1-5 min. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
Triticum, fluid extract of . 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Turpentine, oil of .... 
5-30 min. 
0.3-2.0 gm. 
Tussilago, fluid extract of . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Urethane 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
Ustilago maidis, fluid ext. . 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
Uva ursi, fluid extract of . 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
Valerian, abstract of . . . 
10-15 gr. 
0.6-1.0 gm. 
ammoniated tincture of . 
4-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
extract of 
5-15 gr. 
0.3-1.0 gm. 
fluid extract of 
4-1 fl. dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
oil of 
4-5 min. 
0.24-0.3 gm. 
tincture of 
4-2 fl. dr. 
2.0-8.0 gm. 
Veratrine 
bo-j's gr- 
0.001-0.003gm. 
Veratrum viride,abstract of 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
fluid extract of 
1-5 min. 
0.06-0.3 gm. 
tincture of 
3-5 min. 
0.18-0.3 gm. 
Verbena, fluid extract of . 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 gm. 
Viburnum, fluid extract of 
1-2 fl. dr. 
4.0-8.0 gm. 
Vinegar. See Acetum. 
Wahoo. See Euonymus. 
Wild cherry bark 
4-1 dr. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
fluid extract of ... . 
30-60 min. 
2.0-4.0 gm. 
infusion of 
1-2 fl. oz. 
30.0-60.0 gm. 
syrup of 
2-4 fl. dr. 
8.0-16.0 gm. 
Wintergreen, oil of . . . . 
1-20 min. 
0.06-1.2 gm. 
Wormseed, oil of 
4-8 min. 
0.24-0.5 gm. 
Xanthoxylum bark, fluid 
extract of 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
fruit, fluid extract of . . 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 gm. 
Zinc acetate . . 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.12 gm. 
bromide . . . 
b-2 gr. 
0.03-0.12 gm. 
iodide 
4-3 gr. 
0.03-0.18 gm. 
oxide 
2-8 gr. 
0.12-0.5 gm. 
phosphide 
gr- 
0.003-0.006 gm. 
sulphate (alterative) . . 
1-1 gr. 
0.015-0.06 gm. 
(emetic) 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 gm. 
syrup of iodide of . . . 
20-40 min. 
1.2-2.5 gm. 
valerianate 
1-4 gr. 
0.06-0.2 gm. 
Zingiber. See Ginger. DOSE 
In Germany physicians are not permitted to pre- 
scribe heroic medicines in larger doses than those 
given in the following table, without adding the 
sign I indicating that the larger dose has been in- 
tentionally ordered. All the doses mentioned are 
intended for adults. The following table of maxi- 
mum doses is based upon one in the Pharmacopoeia 
Germanica (Stille and Maisch): 
348 
DOUCHE 
For a single dose. 
For a day. 
Gram. 
Grain. 
Gram. 
Grain. 
Pl limbi acetas 
.1 
11 
Q 
74 
Potassii arsenias .... 
.005 
rS 
.025 
g 
cvanidum 
.03 
* 
.12 
|_7 
Sabadillie fructus .... 
.25 
3g 
1.0 
15g 
Sabina 
1.0 
log 
2.0 
30g 
Santoninum . . . 
.1 
14 
.3 
41 
Sodii arsenias 
.005 
.025 
3 
Stramonii folia 
.2 
3 
1.0 
15g 
semen 
.2 
3 
.8 
12J 
Strychnina or its salts . . 
.01 
A 
.02 
'1 inctura aconiti radicis . 
.15 
21 
.5 
74 
belladonnse 
1.0 
lag 
4.0 
61 g 
cantharidis 
1.0 
log 
3.0 
46J 
colchici 
1.3 
20 
4.0 
61g 
colocynthidis 
1.0 
15g 
3.0 
461 
digitalis 
1.0 
log 
3.3 
5(lg 
iodi .... 
.2 
3 
1.0 
15g 
lobeli® 
.5 
2.5 
384 
nucis vomicae 
.5 
71 
1.0 
log 
opii 
1.5 
23J 
5.0 
77 
deodorata 
1.5 
23g 
5.0 
77 
stramonii 
1.0 
15g 
3.0 
461 
veratri viridis .... 
.5 
74 
2.0 
30g 
Toxicodendri folia . . . 
.4 
6 
1.2 
184 
Veratrina 
.005 
.02 
A 
Veratrum album or Vera- 
trum viride .... 
.3 
41 
1.2 
131 
Vinum colchici 
1.3 
20 
4.0 
61g 
opii 
23j 
5.0 
Zinci chloridum 
.015 
g 
.1 
14 
lactas 
.06 
.3 
44 
sulphas 
.06 
.3 
44 
in divided doses as an 
emetic 
1.0 
15g 
valerian as 
.06 
ft 
.3 
41 
Table of Maximum Doses. 
For a single dose. 
For a day. 
Gram. 
Grain. 
Gram. 
Grain. 
Acidum arseniosum 
.005 
.02 
carbolicum (crystal) . . 
.1 
14 
.5 
74 
hydrocyanicum dilu- 
turn 
.05 
2 
.20 
3 
Aconitina 
.004 
.03 
Aconiti radix 
.1 
u 
.5 
74 
Antimonii et potassii tar- 
tras 
.2 
3 
.5 
7| 
Apomorphinae hydrochlo- 
ras 
.01 
.05 
2 
Aqua amygdalae amarae 
and Aqua lauroce- 
rasi 
2.0 
302 
8.0 
1234 
Argenti nitras 
.03 
3 
Arsenici iodidum .... 
.025 
3 
.05 
2 
Atropina and its salts . . 
.001 
.003 
Auri et sodii chloridum . 
.05 
2 
.2 
3 
Barii chloridum 
.12 
1 7 
1.5 
23 
Belladonnae folia .... 
.2 
3 
.6 
9J 
radix 
.1 
14 
.4 
6 
Caffeina 
.2 
3 
.6 
9i 
Carabogia 
.3 
4j 
1.0 
I5i 
Cantharides 
.05 
2 
.15 
2J 
Chloral ... 
3.0 
46| 
6.0 
92j 
Codein a 
.05 
2 
.2 
3 
Colocynthis 
.3 
44 
1.0 
15| 
Coniina . . . 
.001 
A- 
.003 
Conii herba 
.3 
4j 
2.0 
302 
Creasotum 
.1 
1* 
.5 
74 
Cupri acetas 
.1 
14 
.4 
6 
sulphas . . . 
.1 
14 
.4 
6 
in divided doses as an 
emetic 
1.0 
15f 
Cupri et ammonii sulphas 
.1 
14 
.4 
6 
Digitalis folia 
.2 
3 
1.0 
15f 
Ergota 
1.0 
log 
5.0 
77 
Extractuni aconiti folio- 
rum .... 
.1 
14 
.4 
6 
radicis 
.02 
A 
.1 
U 
belladonme 
.05 
2 
.2 
3 
cannabis indicae .... 
.1 
14 
.4 
6 
colchici aceticum . . . 
.2 
3 
.8 
12J 
colocynthidis 
.05 
2 
.2 
3 
conii 
.18 
22 
.6 
9J 
digitalis 
.2 
3 
1.0 
15f 
hyoscyami 
.2 
3 
1.0 
15f 
ignatiae .... 
.05 
2 
.15 
2J 
lactucae 
.6 
9i 
2.5 
38J 
nucis vomicae (alcohol- 
icum) 
.05 
2 
.15 
24 
aquosum 
.2 
3 
.6 
9i 
opii 
.15 
2i 
.5 
74 
physostigmatis .... 
.02 
.06 
pulsatillie . . . 
.2 
3 
1.0 
15# 
sabin ae 
.2 
3 
1.0 
152 
scillae 
.2 
3 
1.0 
152 
stramonii foliorum . . 
.1 
14 
.4 
6 
seminis .... 
.05 
2 
32 
Hellebori viridis radix . 
.3 
4| 
1.2 
18? 
Hydrargyricyanidum . . 
.03 
.1 
14 
chloridum corrosivuin . 
.03 
A 
.1 
14 
iodidum rubrum 
.03 
A 
.1 
14 
viride (flavum) 
.05 
2 
.2 
3 
oxidum rubrum or fla- 
vum 
.03 
.1 
14 
protonitras .... 
.015 
2 
.06 
A 
Hyoscyami folia . . . 
.3 
4J 
1.5 
232 
lodoformum . . . 
.2 
3 
1.0 
152 
lodum 
2 
.2 
3 
Lactucarium . 
.3 
4| 
1.0 
152 
Liquor potass! arsenitis . 
.5 
74 
2.0 
302 
arsenici et hydrargyri 
iodidi 
.4 
6 
2.0 
302 
Morphina or its salts . . 
.03 
.1 
14 
Nux vomica 
.1 
1* 
.2 
3 
Oleum tiglii j . 
.05 
2 
.1 
14 
Opium 
.15 
2J 
.5 
74 
Phosphorus 
.001 
.005 
A 
Physostigminae salicvlas . 
.001 
.003 
A 
Pilocarpinae hydrochloras 
.03 
9 
5<J 
.06 
ft 
Dosia (do'se-ah) pow'der. A celebrated secret 
remedy in Japan, which for a thousand years has 
caused high honors to be paid to Kobodaisi, its dis- 
coverer. 
Dosimet/ric. Eelating to dosimetry. 
Dosimetry, do-sim'et-re (dosis, metron, measure). 
System of medicine in which granules of definite 
strength are administered in certain doses. 
Dosiology, do-se-ol'o-je (dosis, logos, doctrine). Doc- 
trine of giving doses; posology. 
Do'sis. Dose. 
Dotage, do'taje (raving). Senile mental decrepitude. 
See Dementia. 
Dothien, doth'e-en. Furunculus. 
Dothienenteria, doth - e - en - en - ter' e - ah (dothien, 
enteron, intestine, itis). Dothinenteritis. 
Dothinenteritis, doth-in-en-te-re'tis, properly Doth- 
ienenteritis. Follicular gastroenteritis. Inflammation 
and ulceration of the glands or follicles of Peyer and 
Brunner, as in typhoid fever. 
Dothion, doth'e-on. Furunculus. 
Dottrina medica Italiana, dot-tre'nah med'ik-ah 
it-al-e-an'ah (Italian medical doctrine). Controstim- 
ulus (doctrine of). 
Double consciousness, dub'l kon' shus - nes. See 
Consciousness. D. hearing, the action of the one ear 
unaccordant with that of the other; sounds heard 
doubly, and in different tones or keys. D. mon'sters, 
see Duplication. D. refrac'tion, see Refraction. D. 
salts, see Salt. D. stain'ing, process employed in 
staining specimens, consisting in using two colors, 
the one of which will stain the connective tissue and 
cell protoplasma, and the other the nuclei, thus ren- 
dering the different elements more easily discernible. 
D. touch, combined vaginal and rectal digital exami- 
nation, in which the thumb is introduced into one 
organ and the finger into the other. D. vision, 
diplopia. 
Doublet, dub'let. Microscope with two lenses. 
Douche, doosh (modern Latin, ducia). Term ap- 
plied to a column of fluid, of a determinate nature and 
temperature, let fall upon the body. Deluge pump- 
ing is a variety of the douche. In this bath the fluid 
is directed upon the part on which we are desirous of 
acting. In the descending douche the fluid falls from 
a height. In the ascending douche the fluid is thrown 
upward, as in those administered in diseases of the DOUCHE-PAN 
uterus. In the horizontal douche the fluid is impelled 
horizontally, etc. Douches may be cold or warm. 
The douche communicates a considerable and peculiar 
shock to the nervous system, and is one of the most 
successful means for taming the furious maniac. It 
is also useful in chronic rheumatism, stiff joints, etc. 
Nasal douches are applications of this form of treat- 
ment to the nasal passages. Douches of air are occa- 
sionally used, as in cases of obstruction of the Eusta- 
chian tube by mucus. They are sent from an air- 
press and through a catheter introduced through the 
nose into the Eustachian tube. D., spi'nal consists 
of a single stream of water applied to the spine; 
stimulant in melancholia, cerebral angemia, and gen- 
eral debility. D., transition, Scotch douche, consists 
in the successive use of hot and cold water. 
Douche-pan. Vessel made of zinc, which is filled 
with water and provided with a rest, on which the 
patient sits while syringing the vagina. 
Douglas (dug'las), cul-de-sac of (after Dr. James 
Douglas, the obstetrician and anatomist). See Ute- 
rus. D.'s pouch, see Uterus. D., semilu'nar fold 
of, see Semilunar. 
Doundake, down-dak'e. Sarcocephalus esculentus. 
Doundakine, down'dak-een. Alkaloid derived from 
doundake. 
Douse. Douche. 
Do'ver's pow'der. See Pulvis ipecacuanha compositus. 
Down. See Attack. Also short, soft hairs. 
Doy'dre's papil'lse. Slight eminences at entrance 
of a nerve-filament into sarcolemma of a muscular 
fibre. 
Doyle. Strabismus. 
Dracaena draco, dra-se'nah drah'ko. Tree native 
of East Indies and Canary Islands; dragon's blood is 
obtained from it. 
Drachion, drak'e-on. The quantity of any sub- 
stance which may be taken with the ends of two or 
three fingers. 
Drachm, dram. Drachma, Dram. Ancient name 
of a piece of money weighing the eighth part of an 
ounce. At the present day it is used for this weight. 
Eighth part of an ounce, apothecaries' weight. 
Dracic acid, dras'ik as'id. Anisic acid. 
Dracin, dra'sin. Draconin. 
Draco, drak'o (drakon, dragon). In composition, 
a dragon or large serpent. D. mitiga'tus, hydrargyri 
submurias. D. sylves'tris, Achillea ptarmica. 
Dracocephalum Canariense, drak-o-sef'al-um 
kan-ah-re-en'se (draco, kephale, head, from the shape 
of the corolla). Turkey or Canary balsam, Balm of 
Gilead tree. Turkish and Siberian plant, used as a 
tonic. D. Virginia'num, Physostegia Virginiana. 
Draconic acid, drak-on'ik as'id. Prussic acid. 
Draconin, drak'on-in, Red resin of dragon's 
blood. 
Draco'nis san'guis, See Dragon's blood. 
Draconisatus, drak-on-iz-at'us. Containing dragon's 
blood. 
Draconthsema, drak-on-tha'mah (draco, haima, 
blood). See Calamus rotang. 
Dracontlasis, drak-on-te'as-is. See Dracunculus. 
Draconticus, drak-ont'ik-us. Relating to comedones. 
Dracontisomus, drak-ont-e-so'mus (drakon, dragon, 
soma, body). Celosomus. 
Dracontium, drak-on'she-um. Dracunculus. See 
also Dracontium fcetidum. D. angustis'patha, nar- 
row-spathed skunk cabbage, is possessed of proper- 
ties similar to those of D. foe'tidum, Sfcunfc cab- 
bage, Skunkweed, Polecat collard, Cow collard, Col- 
lard, Itchweed, Stinkpoke, Swamp cabbage, Polecat weed, 
Hellebore, Ellebore, Irish cabbage. Indigenous plant, 
extremely fetid. The property on which its medical 
virtues are dependent resides in a volatile principle. 
The dose of the dried root is from ten to twenty 
grains. Resembles asafcetida and other fetid gums 
in its properties, belonging to the class of reputed 
antispasmodics. D. polyphyl'lum, poisonous species. 
Draconyl, drak'on-il. Solid substance obtained from 
dragon's blood by distillation. 
Dracunculus, drak - un' ku - lus (dim. of Draco) 
349 
DRAW-TUBE 
medinen'sis, muscular hairworm, bicho, Guinea worm 
or threadworm. Genus of worms frequently met with 
in Indian and African climes; characterized by a fili- 
form body, and smooth, and nearly of equal thickness 
throughout. When small, it insinuates itself through 
the cutaneous pores, and penetrates into the areolar 
membrane and between the muscles, especially be- 
tween those of the lower limbs, where it occasions 
a tumor like a boil-Guinea-worm disease-which sup- 
purates, and the head of the worm gradually emerges. 
Morbid phenomena induced by the dracunculus have 
been termed Dracontiasis. See Parasites and Artemisia 
dracunculus. D. polyphyl'lus, Arum dracunculus. 
D. praten'sis, Achillea ptarmica. D. vulga'ris, snake- 
root, European dragon-root; poisonous plant with a 
fetid odor; root is used for the same purposes as the 
root of Arum maculatum. 
DragGes, drah-zha' (F.). Almonds or dried pre- 
serves, covered with white sugar; sugar-plums. Used 
in pharmacy for sugar-coated medicines. 
Dragge. Lolium temulentum. 
Dragma (drag'mah) or Dragmis, drag'mis. Quan- 
tity of any substance which may be taken with the 
ends of two or three fingers. 
Drag'on claw (scaly). Pterospora andromedea. D., 
great, Arum maculatum. D., green, Arum dracontium. 
D.'s head, Antirrhinum majus. D. root, Arum try- 
phyllum, Pterospora andromedea. D. tur'nlp, Arum 
triphyllum. D.'s wa'ter, Calla palustris D. wort, 
Dracunculus vulgaris. 
Dragon's blood. See Calamus rotang. 
Drain. As a verb, to produce drainage. In sur- 
gery, arrangement for procuring proper drainage of a 
wound; a hollow perforated tube or bundle of cat- 
gut, to ensure drainage of a wound. D. throat, 
diphtheroid conditions of throat. 
Drainage. Act of depriving parts gradually of 
their redundant humidity. In surgery, gradual draw- 
ing off of purulent fluids from deep-seated abscesses 
by means of hollow sounds, drainage-tubes, tubing, etc. 
D., antisep'tic, drainage according to the rules of 
antiseptic surgery. D. tube, Keith's, tube for 
draining the peritoneal cavity; it is open above and 
below, perforated at the lower third, and provided 
with a projecting ridge near the orifice. D. tube, 
Koeberle's, resembling test-tube in shape, provided 
with perforations, and having a round smooth end; 
employed similarly to Keith's drainage-tubes. 
Draining (trainer (F.), to draw). See Drain and 
Drainage. Act of drawing off water from marshes, 
to destroy the unhealthy emanations proceeding from 
them. From marshes arise certain emanations or 
miasmata, which are the fertile source of inter- 
mittents and other diseases. Draining the soil and 
converting it into arable land changes its character, 
and the malaria ceases to be given off. 
Drakena, dra-ke'nah (after Sir Francis Drake). 
Dorstenia contrayerva. 
Dram. Drachm. 
Dramatism, dram'at-izm. Tendency to talk 
pompously or dramatically. 
Draper's teasel, drap'urz te'z'l. Dipsacus fullonum. 
Drapetomania, drap-et-o-man'e-ah (drapetes, de- 
serter). Mental aberration in which the individual 
has a desire to run away. 
Drastic, dras'tik (drao, to be active). Active; 
epithet given to purgatives which operate power- 
fully, as elaterium, oil of croton, etc. 
Draught, draft. Liquid medicinal preparation to 
be swallowed at once. Sudden rush of blood to the 
mammse, occasioned in the mother by the sight, or 
even thought, of her infant, and which occasions a 
greatly increased secretion of milk. Current of air. 
D., black, see Infusum sennas compositum. 
Draw'ing. See Digestives 
Draw-sheet. Sheet folded and so placed under a 
patient in bed that it may be partially withdrawn 
as it becomes soiled, without necessitating the re- 
moval of the entire sheet. 
Draw-tube. Interior tube to lengthen a micro- 
scope. DRAYMAN'S BOTTOM 
Dray'man's bot'tom. Enlarged condition of bursa 
mucosa over tuberosity of ischium. 
Dream. See Somnium. D., wak'ing, see Halluci- 
nation. 
Dregister, dreg'is-tur. Druggist. 
Dregs, dregz (G. daeck, dirt). Feculence; sequelae. 
Drench. To give liquid physic by force, as in vet- 
erinary practice; also medicine so given. 
Drepanid'ium pana'rum. Parasite found in the 
red blood-corpuscles of frogs. 
Drepanocar'pus (drepane, sickle, Icarpos, fruit). 
Genus of trees and shrubs, natives of Africa and 
tropical America. D. Senegalen'sis, species of West- 
ern Africa furnishing kino. 
Drepanoides, drep-an-o-e'dees (drepanon, falx or 
scythe, eidos, resemblance). Falciform. 
Dress. To cleanse wounds ulcers, etc., and to apply 
the necessary bandages. See Vestitus. 
Dress'er. Hospital assistant whose office it is to 
dress wounds, ulcers, etc. He corresponds in function 
to the eleve externe of the French hospitals. 
Dressing. Methodical application of any remedy 
or apparatus to a diseased part; also the remedy 
or apparatus itself. D., absorb'ent, dressing with 
material intended to absorb the discharges. D., alco- 
hol'ic, dressing saturated with an alcoholic fluid. 
D., antisep'tic, dressing impregnated with a sub- 
stance which prevents putrefaction; see Antiseptic. 
D., chlor-al'cohol, antiseptic and cicatrisant dress- 
ing of calcium chloride and tincture of camphor, 
equal parts of each. D., dry, dressing in which dry 
absorbent cotton-wool, wood-wool wadding treated 
with corrosive sublimate, etc., is used for the purpose 
of absorbing secretions from a wound and to prevent 
external infection. D., earth, consists of yellow clay, 
after being deprived of grit and organic material, ap- 
plied to a wound or discharging ulcer, and considered 
to have deodorizing properties. D., fixed, see Bandage, 
starch. D. for'ceps, Mund6's u'terine, forceps for the 
purpose of introducing sponge or absorbent cotton into 
the vagina. D. forceps, Thomas's, used for the same 
purpose. D., immov'able, see Bandage, plaster of Paris. 
D., isolating, the wounded part is immersed in a con- 
tinuous bath of carbolized oil, thus seeking to give 
protection to the wound and to remove discharges. D., 
Lister's, antiseptic and impermeable dressing intro- 
duced by Sir Joseph Lister, in which carbolic acid is 
generally used; it aims at preventing the access of 
putrefaction germs. D., Scott's, employed in the 
treatment of fungous arthritis; compound mercurial 
ointment is first applied, and then followed by a plas- 
ter consisting of pitch or leather. D., water, method 
employed to keep a wound constantly wet by appli- 
cation of wet compresses or immersion in tepid water. 
Dress'ler's disease. Paroxysmal hsemoglobinuria. 
Drill. Instrument used for boring holes. D. bone, 
Exercise bone ; triangular piece of bone arising in the 
left deltoid muscle from pressure of the musket. The 
Riding bone, Rider's bone, in the adductor muscle of 
the thigh, is produced from pressure in the saddle. 
Drilling. Operation sometimes necessary on bones, 
as for insertion of pegs, etc. Drilling of the crystal- 
line lens has been practised in cataract. 
Drimia ciliaris, drim'e-ah sil-e-ah'ris. Plant of 
Southern Africa, possessing vesicant, emetic, expec- 
torant, and diuretic properties. 
Drimyphagia, drim-e-fah'je-ah (drimus, acrid, aro- 
matic, phago, to eat). Aromatic and exciting diet. 
Drimys Winteri, drim'is win-te're (drimws, sharp, 
acrid). Winteria aromatica. 
Drimytes, drim'it-ees. Acridity. 
Drink. Beverage. Liquid introduced into the 
alimentary canal for repairing loss of fluid parts of 
the body; the necessity for it is indicated by the sen- 
sation of thirst. Fluid taken during a meal aids in 
digestion of food. Drinks are used to appease thirst 
prevailing in febrile affections, or act as diluents in 
those and other cases. The ordinary drinks are- 
Water: spring-water, river-water, well-water, etc. 
Juices and infusions of animal and vegetable sub- 
stances: lemon-juice, currant-juice, whey, tea, coffee, 
350 
DROP 
mate, etc. Fermented, liquors: wines, ale, beer, 
cider, perry, etc. Spirituous liquors: brandy, alcohol, 
ether, kirschwasser, rum, arack, gin, whiskey, ratafias, 
cordials, etc. 
Drip-cup. Vessel for catching the liquid which 
has been removed from a galvanic cell. 
Drivelling, driv'el-ing. Slavering. 
Dri'ving in. Checking a disease, eruption, etc. 
suddenly and driving it into the interior, as is sup- 
posed, of the body. 
Dromograph, dro'mo-graf (dromos, course, grapho, 
to write). Instrument for estimating the rapidity 
with which the blood circulates in an artery. 
Droop'ing a'vens. Geum rivale. D. tu'lip, Fri- 
tillaria meleagris. 
Drop. A quantity of liquid generally valued at 
the weight of a grain. This weight, however, varies 
according to the degree of tenacity of the fluid, 
extent of moist surface to which the drop is attached 
before it falls, size of the bottle and angle of inclina- 
tion during the dropping. The following is the number 
of drops of different liquids equivalent to a fluidrachm, 
according to Prof. J. P. Eemington of Philadelphia: 
Name. 
Dropsin f5j 
(60 min.). 
Name. 
Drops in fgj 
(60 min.). 
Acetum opii 
90 
Liquor hydrarg. nit. . . 
131 
Acetum sanguinari® . . 
78 
Liquor iodi comp. . . . 
63 
Acetum scill® 
68 
Liquor plumbi subacet. . 
74 
Acid, aceticum 
108 
Liquor potass® 
62 
Acid, aceticum dilut. . . 
68 
Liquor potassii arsen. . 
57 
Acid, carbolicum .... 
111 
Liquor sod® chlorat® . 
63 
Acid, hydrochloricum . 
70 
Liquor zinci chloridi 
89 
Acid, hydrochlor, dilut. 
60 
Oleores. aspidii .... 
130 
Acid, hydrocyanicum 
60 
Oleores. capsici 
120 
Acid, lacticum 
111 
Oleores. cubeb® .... 
123 
Acid, nitricum 
102 
Oleum ®thereum ... 
125 
Acid, nitricum dilut. . . 
60 
Oleum amygd. amar® . 
115 
Acid, nitrohydrochlor. . 
76 
Oleum amygd. expres. . 
108 
Acid, phosphoric, dilut. 
59 
Oleum anisi 
119 
Acid, sulphuricum . . . 
128 
Oleum bergamii .... 
130 
Acid, sulphur, aromat. . 
146 
Oleum cari 
132 
Acid, sulphuric, dilut. . 
60 
Oleum caryophylli . . . 
130 
Acid, sulphurosum . . . 
59 
Oleum cinnamomi . . . 
126 
TEther fortior 
176 
Oleum copaib® 
Oleum cubeb® 
123 
Alcohol 
146 
125 
Alcohol dilutum .... 
137 
Oleum foeniculi .... 
125 
Aqua 
60 
Oleum gaultheri® . . . 
125 
Aqua ammoni® fortior . 
66 
Oleum juniperi .... 
148 
Aqua destillata 
60 
Oleum lavandul® . . . 
138 
Balsam Peruvianum . . 
101 
Oleum limonis 
129 
Bromum 
250 
Oleum menth® piperit® 
129 
Chloroform, purificatum 
250 
Oleum ricini 
77 
Copaiba 
110 
Oleum ros® 
132 
Creasotum 
122 
Oleum rosmarini .... 
143 
Ext. belladon. fluid. . . 
156 
Oleum sassafras .... 
133 
Ext. buchu fluidum . . 
150 
Oleum terebinthin® . . 
136 
Ext. cimicifug® fluid. . 
147 
Oleum tiglii 
104 
Ext. cinchona fluid. . . 
138 
Spiritus ®ther. comp. . 
148 
Ext. colchici rad. fl. . . 
160 
Spiritus ®ther. nitrosi . 
146 
Ext. colch. sem. fluid. . 
158 
Spiritus ammon. arom. . 
142 
Ext. conii fruct. fluid. . 
137 
Spiritus camphor® . . . 
143 
Ext. digitalis fluid. . . . 
134 
Spiritus chloroformi . . 
150 
Ext. ergot® fluidum . . 
133 
Spiritus menth® pip. . . 
142 
Ext. gelsemii fluid. . . 
149 
Syrupus 
65 
Ext. glycyrrhiz® fl. . . 
133 
Syrupus acaci® .... 
44 
Ext. nyoscyami fluid. . 
160 
Syrupus ferri iodidi . . 
65 
Ext. ipecac, fluidum . . 
120 
Syrupus scill® 
75 
Ext. pareir® fluidum . . 
140 
Syrupus scill® comp. . . 
102 
Ext. rhei fluidum . . . 
158 
Syrupus seneg® .... 
106 
Ext. sarsap. comp. fl. . . 
Ext. seneg® fluidum . . 
134 
Tinctura aconiti .... 
146 
137 
Tinctura belladon n® . . 
137 
Ext. serpentari® fl. . . . 
148 
Tine, benzoini comp. . . 
148 
Ext. uvae ursi fluid. . . 
137 
Tinctura cantharidis . . 
131 
Ext. valerian® fluid. . . 
150 
Tinct. cinchon. comp. . 
140 
Ext. verat. virid. fl. . . 
159 
Tinctura digitalis . . . 
128 
Ext. zingiberis fluid. . . 
142 
Tinctura ferri chlorid. . 
150 
Glycerinum 
67 
Tinctura iodi 
148 
Hydrargyrum 
150 
Tinctura nucis vom. . . 
140 
Liquor ammonii acet. . 
75 
Tinctura opii 
130 
Liquor acid, arseniosi . 
57 
Tinctura opii camph. . 
130 
Liquor arsenici et hy- 
Tinctura opii deodor. . 
110 
drargyri iodidi .... 
58 
Tinctura valerian® . . 
130 
Liquor ferri chloridi . . 
71 
Tinctura verat. virid. . 
145 
Liquor ferri citratis . . 
71 
Tinctura zingiberis . . 
144 
Liquor ferri nitratis . . 
59 
Vin. colchici radicis . . 
107 
Liquor ferri subsulph. . 
73 
Vin. colchici seminis . . 
111 
Liquor ferri tersulph. . 
83 
Vin. opii 
100 DROP 
Drop, a'gue, taste'less. Liquor potassii arsenitis. 
D., black, acetum opii. D. serene', amaurosis. D., 
wrist, see Wrist. 
Dropacismus, dro-pah-siz'mus. See Depilation. 
Dropax, dro'paks. See Depilatory. 
Dropped hands or wrists. See Hands. 
Drop'per, eye. Instrument made of glass, either 
straight or curved, consisting of a hollow tube open- 
ing at both ends, and provided with rubber at one 
end for drawing up liquids, which can be applied, 
drop by drop, to the eye. 
Drops (pl. of Drop). A form in which medicine is 
sometimes put up to make it palatable and easy to 
take, as cough drops and many others. See Guttse. 
D., Abb6 Rousseau's, laudanum Abbatis Eousseau. 
D., an'odyne, liquor morphise acetatis. D., antive- 
ne'real, see Tinctura ferri muriatis. D., a'gue, Fow- 
ler's, liquor potassii arsenitis. D., cham'omile, 
see Anthemis nobilis. D., Dutch, balsam of sulphur, 
balsam of turpentine. D., fit, spiritus ammonias 
foetidus; see Fuligo. D., Jes'uits', tinctura benzoini 
composita. D., lav'ender, spiritus la vandulse com- 
posites. D., ni'tre, spiritus setheris nitrici. D., pep'- 
permint, pastilli de mentha piperita. D., soot, see 
Fuligo. D., taste'less a'gue, liquor potassii arsenitis. 
Dropsical, drop'se-kal. Hydropic. 
Dropsied, drop'seed. Hydropic. 
Dropsy, drop'se. See Hydrops. D. of the abdo'- 
men, ascites. D., amniot'ic, hydramnios. D., anse'- 
mic, dropsy caused by anaemia. D., arach'noid, col- 
lection of fluid in arachnoid sac. D. of the are'- 
olar tis'sue, oedema. D., artic'ular, hydrarthrosis. 
D. of the bel'ly, ascites. D. of the brain, hydro- 
cephalus. D., cachec'tic, dropsy due to cachexia, 
in which the watery constituents of the blood 
preponderate. D., car'diac, dropsy dependent on 
heart disease. D. of the cel'luiar mem'brane, 
anasarca. D., cer'ebral, hydrocephalus. D. of 
the chest, hydrothorax. D. of the eye, hydroph- 
thalmia. D. of the Fallo'pian tube, hydrosalpinx. 
D., fi'brinous, effused fluid containing fibrin. D. of 
the flesh, anasarca. D., gen'eral, anasarca. D. of the 
head, hydrocephalus. D. of the heart, hydropericar- 
dium. D., hepat'ic, D. dependent on disease of the 
liver. D.ofthekid'ney, hydronephrosis. D.ofthelac'- 
rymal sac, fistula lacrymalis; lacrymal hernia. D. 
of the lar'ynx, oedema of glottis. D. of the lungs, 
oedema pulmonum. D., ova'rian, hydroarion. D. of' 
the pericar'dium, hydropericardium. D. of the 
peritone'um, ascites. D. of the pleu'ra, hydrothorax. 
D. of preg'nancy, dropsy occurring in pregnant 
women, due to pressure of the gravid uterus. D., 
re'nal, dependent on disease of the kidney. D., 
spi'nal, hydrorachis. D. of the tes'ticle, hydrocele. 
D., wa'ter of, serum of serous membrane. D., wind, 
emphysema. D. of the womb, hydrometra. 
Dropwort, drop'wurt. Spiraea filipendula. D., 
hem'lock, cenanthe. D., wa'ter, hemlock, cenanthe: 
D., west'ern, Gillenia trifoliata. 
Drosera rotundifolia, dro'ser-ah ro-tun-de-fo'le-ah 
(droseros, dewy, the leaf glands exuding a clear fluid 
like dew-drop). Systematic name of the Sun-dew, a 
plant used internally as an expectorant, and externally 
as a rubefacient and to destroy warts and corns. 
Drosisticon, dros-is'te-kon. See Bosa. 
Drosium, dro'se-um. Drosera rotundifolia. 
Drosobotanon, dro-so-bot'an-on (drosos, dew, botane, 
plant). Drosera rotundifolia. 
Drosomeli, dros-om'el-e {drosos, dew, meli, honey). 
Fraxinus ornus. 
Drown'ing, asphyxia (as-fiks'e-ah) by. See As- 
phyxia by submersion. D., resuscita'tion from. The 
following general directions are based on those in use 
in a number of Government services, at home and 
abroad : If attempts at breathing be made while the 
patient is in the water, water may pass into the air- 
passages; but this is not a necessary condition of 
drowning. Hence attempts need not be made to re- 
move water from the chest by rolling the body, face 
downward, on a barrel, etc. The efforts to restore 
breathing must be commenced energetically, and per- 
351 
DROWNING 
severed in for one or two hours, or until life has been 
pronounced extinct by a medical man. Efforts to 
promote warmth and circulation must not be made 
until the appearance of natural breathing; for if cir- 
culation be induced before respiration, restoration 
will be endangered. Treat the patient instantly on 
the spot, in the open air, with the face downward, 
exposing the face, neck, and chest to the wind, except 
in severe weather, and removing all tight clothing 
from the neck and chest, especially the braces. Pre- 
vent unnecessary crowding around the body. Do not 
allow the body to remain on the back unless the 
tongue is secured. Do not hold the body up by the 
feet, or place it in a warm bath, unless under medical 
direction as a momentary excitant. 
1. Dr. Marshall Hall's Method.-To restore the 
breathing, first clear the throat by placing the patient 
on the ground with the face downward and one arm 
under the forehead, in which position fluids will more 
readily escape by the mouth, and the tongue will fall 
forward, leaving the entrance into the windpipe free. 
Wipe and cleanse the mouth. If satisfactory breath- 
ing commences, use treatment to promote warmth; 
but if necessary to excite breathing, turn the patient 
well and instantly on the side, support the head, and 
excite the nostrils with snuff, hartshorn, or smelling 
salts, or tickle the throat with a feather, etc. Rub the 
chest and face warm, and dash cold water, or cold 
and hot water alternately, on them. If there be no 
success, instantly, to imitate breathing, replace the 
patient on the face, raise and support the chest 
well on a folded coat or other article of dress, turn 
the body gently on the side and a little beyond, and 
briskly on the face, back again, repeating these meas- 
ures cautiously and perseveringly once every four or 
five seconds, occasionally varying the side. On each 
occasion that the body is replaced on the face make 
uniform but efficient pressure with brisk movement 
on the back between and below the shoulder-blades, 
removing pressure immediately before turning the 
body on the side. By placing the patient on the chest 
the air is forced out, as in expiration ; when turned 
on the side the pressure is removed, and air enters the 
chest, as in inspiration. During the whole operation 
let one person attend solely to the movements of the 
head and of the arm under it. Whilst these ope- 
rations are being proceeded with, dry the hands and 
feet, strip the body, and cover it with dry clothing or 
blankets, taking care not to interfere with the efforts 
to restore breathing. 
2. Dr. Silvester's Method.-Should these efforts not 
prove successful in from two to five minutes, imitate 
breathing by the following method : Place the patient 
on the back on a flat surface, inclined a little upward 
from the feet; raise and support the head and shoul- 
ders on a small firm cushion or folded article of dress 
placed under the shoulder-blades. Cleanse the mouth 
and nostrils, draw forward the patient's tongue, and 
keep it projecting beyond the lips by an elastic band 
over the tongue and under the chin; or a piece of 
string or tape may be tied around them, or, by rais- 
ing the lower jaw, the teeth may be made to retain 
the tongue in that position. Remove all tight cloth- 
ing from about the neck and chest, especially the 
braces. Standing at the patient's head, grasp the 
arms just above the elbows, draw them gently and 
steadily upward above the head, and keep them 
stretched upward for two seconds; air is thus drawn 
into the lungs. Then turn down the patient's arms, 
and press them gently and firmly for two seconds 
against the sides of the chest. Air is thus pressed out 
of the lungs. Repeat these measures alternately and 
perseveringly, about fifteen times in a minute, until 
a spontaneous effort to respire is perceived, imme- 
diately upon which proceed to induce circulation and 
warmth. 
To promote warmth and circulation after natural 
breathing has been restored, wrap the patient in dry 
blankets ; commence rubbing the limbs upward, with 
firm grasping pressure and energy, using handker- 
chiefs, flannels, etc., the blood being thus propelled DROWSINESS 
along the veins toward the heart, and continue fric- 
tion under the blanket or over the dry clothing. Pro- 
mote warmth by hot flannels, bottles or bladders of 
hot water, heated bricks, etc. to the pit of the stom- 
ach, armpits, between the thighs, and soles of the 
feet. On restoration of life a teaspoonful of warm 
water should be given, and then, if the power to 
swallow has returned, small quantities of wine, warm 
brandy and water, or coffee. The patient should be 
kept in bed, and a disposition to sleep encouraged. 
This treatment should be persevered in for several 
hours. 
3. Dr. Howard's Method- Instantly turn the patient 
downward, with a large, firm roll of clothing under 
his stomach and chest. Place one of his arms under 
his forehead, so as to keep his mouth off the ground. 
Press with all your weight, two or three times, for 
four or five seconds each time, upon the patient's 
back, so that the water is pressed out of his lungs and 
stomach and drains freely out of his mouth. Then 
quickly turn the patient, face upward, with roll of 
clothing under his back, just below the shoulder- 
blades, and make the head hang back as low as pos- 
sible. Place the patient's hands above his head. 
Kneel with the patient's hips between your knees, 
and fix your elbows firmly against your hips. Grasp- 
ing the lower part of the patient's naked chest, 
squeeze his two sides together, pressing gradually for- 
ward with all your weight for about three seconds, 
until your mouth is nearly over the mouth of the pa- 
tient; then, with a push, suddenly jerk yourself 
back. Best about three seconds, then begin again, 
repeating these bellows-blowing movements with per- 
fect regularity, so that foul air may be pressed out 
and pure air be drawn into the lungs, about eight or 
ten times a minute, for at least an hour or until the 
patient breathes naturally. A moment's delay in 
using this method, and success may be hopeless. Be 
careful not to interrupt the first short natural breaths. 
If they be long apart, carefully continue between 
them the bellows-blowing movements, as before. 
After breathing is regular have the patient rubbed, 
etc., and put to bed to sleep, as previously mentioned. 
Drow'siness. Somnolency. 
Drug. Name ordinarily applied to simple med- 
icines, but, by extension, to every substance em- 
ployed in the cure of disease. A strictly physiological 
classification of drugs is impossible. The following 
table presents a satisfactory and clear arrangement 
of the subject (Hare): 
352 
DUCT 
Drum of the ear. Tympanum. 
DrumbelTy. Tympanites. 
Drumhead. Membrane of the tympanum. 
Drumlne, drum'een. Alkaloid obtained from Eu- 
phorbia Drummondii; has anodyne and anaesthetic 
properties. 
Drummond's whiff. Phenomenon in which a whiff 
can be distinguished while the mouth is open during 
expiration following rest; considered to be an indica- 
tion of aneurism of the thoracic aorta. 
Drumsieve, drum'siv. See Cibration. 
Drunk'ard's liv'er. Cirrhosis of the liver. 
Drunk'enness. See Temulentia. 
Drunk'wort. Nicotiana tabacum. 
Dry ca'ries. Parisitic disease of the nails. D. 
casea'tlon. See Caseation. D. cup'ping, see Cupping. 
D. gan'grene, see Gangrene. D. la'bor, labor which 
is not preceded by, nor attended with, discharge of 
liquor amnii. D. nurse, see Nurse. D. scall, psoriasis. 
D. wines, those in which the saccharine matter is not 
in excess. D. yeast, yeast from which moisture has 
been expressed, as in Vienna yeast, by which means 
it can be kept for a long time. 
Dry'ad. Yellow-flowered Dryas Drummondii. 
Dry'in (drus, oak). Quercin. 
Dry'ing. Desiccation. Evaporation or removal of 
the superfluous humidity in a body. 
Dryobalanops camphora, dre-o-bal'an-ops kam'- 
pho-rah. See Camphor. 
Drys'dale's cell. Fluid from ovarian cyst which 
under the microscope is seen to contain granular 
cells, some free granular matter, and small oil-glob- 
ules, and often epithelial cells of various shapes and 
crystals of cholesterin. 
Drysomeli, dris-om'e-le (drus, oak, beech, meli, 
honey). See Fraxinus ornus. 
Dualism, du'al-izm. Doctrine that there exist two 
varieties of venereal poison, the one producing chan- 
cre, the other chancroid. 
Du'alist. One believing in dualism. 
Duality, du-al'it-e (duo, two). State or quality 
of being two. D. of the mind or brain. As the 
organ consists of two hemispheres, they have beefl 
regarded by some as separately and distinctly con- 
cerned in the mental and moral manifestations. 
Dubi'ni's disease. Electric chorea. See Chorea. 
Dub'lin meth'od. Method of treating aneurism by 
compressing the affected vessel on the cardiac side of 
the tumor. 
Duboisia myoporoides, du-boi'se-ah me-o-por-o-e'- 
dees. Shrub resembling a tree, native of Australia; 
the leaves furnish duboisine. 
Duboisine, du-boi'seen. Alkaloid obtained from 
leaves of Duboisia myoporoides; it is a mydriatic, 
resembling atropine in its action, but is more rapid 
in its effects. The sulphate has similar properties. It 
is also hypnotic. 
Duchenne's (du-shane's) disease, pal'sy, or paral'- 
ysis. Locomotor ataxia; pseudohypertrophic mus- 
cular sclerosis of spinal cord. D.'s tro'car, exploring 
instrument for removal of small portion of a tumor 
or deposit for minute examination. 
Duckbill forceps, duk'bill for'seps. Instrument 
resembling a duck's bill formerly used in crani- 
otomy. 
Duck'foot. See Kyllosis. 
Ducklegged, duk'leg'd. Having short legs like a 
duck. 
Ducks'foot. Podophyllum montanum. 
Duct. Canal; meatus; see also Ducts and Ductus. 
D., aber'rant, vasculum aberrans. D., alimen'tary, 
canal, alimentary; thoracic duct. D. of Bar'tholin, 
tube formed by the union of one or two of the excre- 
tory ducts of the sublingual gland, and opening into 
the duct of Wharton. D. of Belli'ni, uriniferous 
tube. D., bil'iary, excretory passage of gall-bladder. 
D., cys'tic, see Gall-bladder. D. of Gaert'ner, pro- 
longation from the epobphoron, the remains of the 
Wolffian duct. D., hepat'ic, main passage of liver- 
ducts. D., lymphat'ic, see Lymphatic vessels. D. 
of Mul'ler, see Ducts of Muller. D., na'sal, lacrymal 
1. Alteratives. 
2. Anaesthetics. 
3. Antacids. 
4. Anthelmintics. 
5. Antiseptics (see also Dis- 
infectants). 
6. Antiperiodics. 
7. Antipyretics. 
8. Antispasmodics. 
9. Astringents. 
10. Cardiac sedatives. 
11. Cardiac stimulants. 
12. Counter-irritants. 
13. Diaphoretics. 
14. Digestants. 
15. Disinfectants (see also 
Antiseptics). 
16. Diuretics. 
17. Eliminatives. 
18. Emmenagogues. 
19. Emetics. 
20. Expectorants. 
21. Hypnotics. 
22. Nervous sedatives. 
23. Nervous stimulants. 
24. Oxytocics. 
25. Tonics. 
26. Vasomotor depressants. 
27. Vasomotor stimulants. 
Drug also signifies to prescribe or administer drugs; 
most commonly, perhaps, to dose to excess with drugs; 
one who so doses is sometimes called "a drugger." 
" To drug " also means to tincture with some medicinal 
article. D. disease, morbid condition which is-or is 
presumed to be-caused or kept up by the adminis- 
tration of drugs. D. grind'er, see Pulverization. D. 
mill, see Pulverization. D. rash, see Dermatitis medic- 
amentosa. 
Drugger. Druggist; one who is fond of giving 
drugs. See Drug. 
Drug'ging. Mania for prescribing or for taking 
medicine. 
Drug'gist. Drugger, Drugster. One who sells drugs. 
Drugs, antag'onism of. See Antagonism. 
Drugster, drug'stur. Druggist. DUCTIO PRZEPUTII 
duct. D., pancreat'ic, see Pancreas. D. of paro'tid, 
see Parotid. D. of Pecquet, thoracic duct. D., pros- 
tat'ic, ducts of prostate gland. D., spermat'ic, def- 
erens vas. D. of Ste'no or Sten'son, see Parotid. 
D., thora'cic, see Thoracic. D., vit'elline, see Vesicula 
umbilicatus. D. of Whar'ton, ductus salivalis inferior. 
D. of Wir'sung, see Pancreas. 
Ductio prseputii, duk'she-o pre-pu'she-e. Mastur- 
bation. 
Duct'less glands. See Ganglion. 
Ductor canaliculatus, duk'tor kan-al-ik-u-lat'us. 
Gorget. D. uri'nse, ureter. 
Ducts. See also Duct and Ductus. D. of Cuvier, 
ducts formed by the junction of the anterior and 
posterior cardinal veins of each side in the embryo 
of some animals. These again unite into a short 
trunk, which at an early period opens into the single 
auricle. D., ejac'ulatory, ejaculatory ducts. D., 
galactoph'orous or lactiferous, lactiferous vessels of 
kidney; see Kidney. D. of Miil'ler, Mullerian ducts 
(called after the physiologist. Johannes Muller of 
Berlin). Two canals which descend at the outer bor- 
der of the Wolffian bodies, of which the vesicula 
prostatica is the relic in the male, as the Fallopian 
tubes are in the female. D., parot'id, ductus sali- 
valis superior. D. of Rivi'nus, ductus Riviniani. 
D., sem'inal, see Testicle. D., thora'cic, see Thoracic 
duct. 
Ductuli (duk'tu-le) (pl. of Ductulus, small duct) 
rec'ti. See Rete testis. 
Ductus, duk'tus (duco, to lead). Canal; meatus; 
see Duct and Ducts. D. aber'rans, vasculum aberrans. 
D. Aran'tii, canal, venous. D. arterio'sus, arterial 
duct. D. aur'is palati'nus, Eustachian tube. D. 
Bartholinia'nus, duct of Bartholin. D. Bellinia'ni, 
uriniferous tubes. D. bilia'rii, ducts which receive 
the bile from the penicilli of the liver and convey 
it to the hepatic duct. D. bilia'rius commu'nis, 
common bile-duct. D. bilif'eri, D. biliarii. D. 
Botal'li, arterial duct. D. choled'ochus, choledoch 
duct. D. chylif'erus, thoracic duct. D. ciba'rius, 
canal, alimentary. D. cochlea'ris, three-sided tube in 
the cochlea, interposed between the scala vestibuli and 
scala tympani; see Corti. D. commu'nis choled'ochus, 
choledoch duct. D. cys'ticus, see Gall-bladder. D. def- 
erens, see Deferens. D. ejaculato'rii, ejaculatory 
ducts. D. endolymphat'icus, little canal situated in 
the aqueduct of the vestibule, connecting with the 
saccule and the utricle. Externally it expands into a 
sinus resembling a flask, called the saccus endolym- 
phaticus. D. excreto'rius, excretory duct. D. Fer- 
rei'ni, Ferrein, canal of. D. galactoph'ori, lactif- 
erous vessels. D. hemithorac'icus, branch of tho- 
racic duct which empties into the lymphatic duct. 
D. hepat'icus, hepatic duct. D. hygrobleph'ari or 
hygrophthal'mici, duct of Meibomian glands. D. 
incisi'vus, palatine duct (anterior). D. interlobula'- 
res, interlobular bile-ducts. D. intestina'lis, canal, 
alimentary. D. lacryma'lis, lacrymal duct. D. 
lac'tei, lactiferous vessels. D. lac'teus, thoracic 
duct. D. lactif'eri, lactiferous vessels. D. lumbo- 
thorac'icus, thoracic duct. D. Mulleri, ducts of Muller. 
D. nasa'lis, lacrymal canal or duct. D. nasalopalati'- 
nus, palatine duct (anterior). D. nasolacryma'lis, 
lacrymal canal or duct. D. ad na'sum, lacrymal or 
nasal duct. D. nutri'tli, canals, nutritive. D. om- 
phalomesenter'icus, see Vesicula umbilicalis. D. pan- 
creat'icus, see Pancreas. D. p. mi'nor, see Pancreas. 
D. p. recur'rens, see Pancreas. D. p. supe'rior, see 
Pancreas. D. Pecqueti, thoracic duct. D. Pecqueti- 
a'nus, thoracic duct. D. perilymphat'icus, canal 
conveying lymph in aquaeductus cochleae. D. pneu- 
mat'icus, see Air-bladder. D. puncto'rum lacryma'- 
lium, lacrymal ducts. D. reces'sus vestib'uli, duc- 
tus endolymphaticus. D. Rivinia'ni, see Sublingual 
gland. D. ro'rifer, thoracic duct. D. saliva'lis infe'- 
rior, Duct of Wharton; excretory duct of submaxil- 
lary gland. D. saliva'lis supe'rior, St eno's duct; 
excretory duct of the parotid gland, which opens into 
the mouth opposite the second upper molar tooth. D. 
Santori'ni, see Pancreas. D. semicircula'res laby- 
353 
DUODENO-JEJUNAL 
rin'thi, semicircular canals. D. semina'les or sem- 
inif'eri, see Testicle. D. sero'si, lymphatic vessels. 
D. spermat'icus, deferens vas. D. spira'les coch'lese, 
scalar of the cochlea. D. Stenonia'nus, ductus sali- 
valis superior. D. sublingua'les mino'res, ducts of 
Rivini. D. sublingua'lis ma'jor, duct of Bartholin. 
D. submaxilla'ris, see Submaxillary gland. D. tho- 
rac'icus, thoracic duct. D. thy'mici, lymphatic ducts 
coming from the thymus gland. D. thyreoglos'sus, 
duct existing in the embryo and ending as the foramen 
caecum. D. uri'nse, ureter. D. urina'rius, urethra. 
D. urinif'eri Belli'ni, uriniferous tubes. D. varico'si 
u'teri, Fallopian tubes. D. veno'sus, canal, venous. 
D. veno'sus Aran'tii, vein which takes its course 
through the liver in the foetus. D. vitella'rius, see 
Vesicula umbilicalis. D. vitel'lo-intestina'lis, see Ve- 
sicula umbilicalis. D. Waltheria'ni, see Sublingual 
gland. D. Whartonia'nus, ductus salivalis inferior. 
D. Wirsungia'nus, duct of the pancreatic gland; see 
Pancreas. 
Duella, du - el' lah. Ancient name of a weight 
equivalent to eight scruples. 
Duellum (war) venereum, du-el'lum ven-e're-um. 
Coition. 
Dug (Sw. dsegga, to give suck). Nipple. 
Dugass's test. A test for dislocation of the shoulder. 
Inability to place the hand upon the opposite shoulder, 
or to have it placed there by an assistant, while at 
the same time the elbow touches the breast. 
Du'gong oil. Derived from an Australian herbiv- 
orous cetaceous animal, and employed as a substitute 
for cod-liver oil in tuberculous and other affections. 
Duh'ring's disease (after Dr. L. A. Duhring of 
Philadelphia). Dermatitis herpetiformis. 
Dulcamara, dul-kam-ar'ah (dulcis, sweet, amarus, 
bitter). Solanum dulcamara. D. flexuo'sa, Solanum 
dulcamara. 
Dulcamarin, dul-kam-ar'in. Glucoside, C22II34O10, 
in the form of a yellowish powder, obtained from 
dulcamara. 
Dulcamarrhetin, dul-kam-ar-rhet'in {dulcamara, 
rhetine, resin). Resinous substance obtained by sub- 
jecting dulcamarin to the action of dilute acid. 
Dulcarine, dul'kar-een. Alkaloid of dulcamara. 
Dulcedo (dul-se'do) amo'ris (sweetness of love). 
Clitoris. D. sputato'rum, see Salivation. 
Dulcify, dul'se-fi. To make agreeable to the taste 
by sweetening. 
Dull. Deaf. 
Dulse. Rhodomela palmata. D. edu'lis, used for 
food. D., pep'per, Laurentia pinnatifida. 
Dumb, dum. See Dumbness. D. a'gue, obscure form 
of intermittent fever. 
Dumb-bell crystals, kris'tals. Crystals of oxalate 
of lime resembling dumb-bells, occurring occasionally 
in urine, and visible with the microscope. 
Dumb'ness, dum'ness. Impossibility of articulating 
sounds; a condition often congenital and associated 
with deafness, of which it is an effect. 
Dumreicher's method. Method employed to facil- 
itate the passage of bougies through tight urethral 
strictures, which consists in injecting warm oil into 
the urethra and forcing the oil with the fingers 
through the stricture. 
Dung. See Fimus. 
Dunga, dun'gah. Dengue. 
Duodenal, du-o-de'nal. Relating or appertaining 
to the duodenum. D. glands, Brunner's glands. 
Duodenectomy, du-o-den-ek'tom-e {duodenum, ek- 
tome, excision). Excision of a portion of the duo- 
denum. 
Duodenitis, du-o-den-e'tis. Inflammation of the 
duodenum. 
Duodeno-cholecystomy, du-o-de'no-kol-e-sis'to-me 
{duodenum, cholecystis, gall-bladder, tome, incision). 
Operation for removal of portion of the duodenum 
and gall-bladder. 
Duodeno-jejunal, du-o-de'no-je-ju'nal. Relating to 
the duodenum and jejunum; a term applied to the 
fold, flexure, or fossa made by the two portions of the 
intestine named, in common, DUODENO-RENAL 
Duode'no-re'nal. Relating to duodneum and kid- 
ney. D.-r. lig'ament, fold of peritoneum between 
transverse mesocolon and posterior wall of the ab- 
domen. 
Duodenostomy, du-o-den-os'to-me (duodenum, tome, 
incision). Operation of making a fistula between the 
duodenum and abdominal wall. 
Duodenotomy, du-o-den-ot'o-me. Operation of mak- 
ing an incision into the duodenum. 
Duodenum, du-o-de'num (duodeni, twelve). The 
first part of the intestinal canal, commencing at the 
pyloric orifice of the stomach and terminating in the 
jejunum. Its length was estimated by the ancients 
to be about twelve fingers' breadth. As it is only 
partially covered by the peritoneum, it is susceptible 
of considerable dilatation. In the duodenum, chyli- 
fication takes place after the admixture of the 
biliary and pancreatic fluids with the chyme. 
Duosternal, du-o-stur'nal. Second osseous portion 
of the sternum, corresponding to the second inter- 
costal space. 
Duplay's spec'ulum. Nasal speculum with two 
valves. 
Duplication, du-ple-ka'shun (duo, two, plico, to 
fold). Species of malformation or monstrosity cha- 
racterized by the parts concerned being doubled; 
see Diplogenesis. D. of the fce'tus, evolution, spon- 
taneous. 
Duplicature, du'plik-at-ure. Reflection; folding or 
reflection of a membrane upon itself, as duplicature 
or reflection of the pleura, peritoneum, etc. 
Duplicitas monstrosa, du-plis'it-as mon-stro'sah 
(duplex, double). See Diplogenesis, 
Dupondium, du-pon'de-um. Weight of four 
drachms. 
Dupuytren's (du-pe'tran's) compres'sor. See Com- 
pressor. D.'s contraction or disease, contraction of 
the fingers due to injury of palmar fascia. D.'s hy'- 
drocele, encysted hydrocele. D.'s intestinal suture, 
method of suturing intestines, which consists in in- 
verting the margins of the wound and bringing the 
opposite serous membranes together by continuous 
suture, in which the mucous membrane is not included. 
Du'ra arachnitis. Inflammation of the dura 
mater. D. mater (hard mother, called dura be- 
cause of its great resistance, and mater because it 
was believed to give rise to every membrane of the 
body), fibrous, semi-transparent membrane, of a 
pearly-white color, thick, and very resisting, lining 
the cavity of the cranium and containing the spinal 
marrow. It protects the brain and marrow, and by its 
various expansions-the falx cerebri, tentorium, etc.-• 
supports the different parts of the cerebral mass. 
The largest artery of the dura mater is the A. menin- 
gsea media. D. m., lat'eral pro'cesses of the, ten- 
torium. D. m. tes'tis, albuginea. 
Dural, du'ral. Pertaining to dura mater. 
Duration (du-ra'shun) of life. See Life, Expectation 
of life, and Longevity. D. of preg'nancy, see Pregnancy. 
Durematoma, dur-a-mat-o'mah (dura, hsematoma). 
Haematoma of dura mater. 
Duroziez's mur'mur. Murmur heard in the femo- 
ral artery in insufficiency of the aorta. 
Dur'ra or Dur'rah. Panicum Italicum. 
Durus, du'rus. Hard. 
Dusting pow'ders. Powders to be dusted over 
excoriated or otherwise affected surfaces, to aid in 
the healing process, protect from the air, etc. 
Dutch liquid, lik'wid. Ethylene bichloride. See 
Olefiant gas. D. myr'tle, Myrica gale. 
Dutch'man's pipe. Aristolochia hirsuta. 
Dutroa, du-tro'ah. Datura stramonium. 
Duverger's method of su'ture. Method of uniting 
wounds of the intestines; it consists in introducing the 
trachea of a calf into the gut, and bringing the wound 
together over it by means of interrupted sutures. 
Duver'ney's gland. Bartholin's or Cowper's gland. 
Dwale, common. Atropa belladonna. 
Dwarf. Any animal or plant that is much below 
the usual stature. D. blue'berry, Vaccinium Penn- 
sylvanicum. D. el'der, Sambucus ebulus. D. flag, Iris 
354 
L DYS/ESTHENIA 
lacustris. D. net'tle, Urtica urens. D. sage'bush, 
Artemisia arbuscula. D. su'mach, Ehus copallina. 
Dwarfish, dwarf 'ish. Much below the usual stature. 
Dwarf'ishness. A state in which the entire body, 
with all its parts, is much smaller than common. 
Dyad, de'ad. Bivalent element. 
Dy'er's al'kanet. Anchusa tinctoria. D.'s broom, 
Genista tinctoria. D.'s cleav'ers Galium trifidum. 
D.'s mad'der, Eubia tinctorum. D.'s oak, Quercus 
Lusitanica. D.'s saf'fron, Carthamus tinctorius. D.'s 
weed, Genista tinctoria, Eeseda luteola. 
Dynameter, di-nam'et-ur. Dynamometer. 
Dynamia, din-am'e-ah (dunamis, power). Vital 
activity. 
Dynamic (di-nam'ik) or Dynamical (dunamis, 
power). Eelating to or endowed with power. In 
mechanics, Dynamics investigates the powers whereby 
bodies are put in motion and the laws connected there- 
with ; in biology, that which relates to the vital forces, 
to the organism in action- Vital dynamics. The influ- 
ences of other agents on the organism are sometimes 
termed dynamic. The homoeopathists maintain that, 
by certain processes called, in the aggregate, dynami- 
zation and potentizing, the dynamic powers of a medi- 
cine may be set free and developed-as by shaking 
the bottle in which it is contained, or by mixing an 
unlimited number of unmedicated globules with one 
that is medicated, and shaking them together. D. 
diseases, see Organic diseases. 
Dynamics, vital, di-nam'iks, vi'tal. See Dynamic. 
Dynamicus, din-am'ik-us. Dynamic. 
Dynamiometer, di-nam-e-om'et-ur. Dynamometer. 
Dynamis, din'am-is. Faculty, force, power. 
Dynamism, di'nam-izm (dunamis, force). Faculty, 
power, in the theory of vital force. 
Dynamite, di'nam-ite. Highly explosive mixture 
of nitro-glycerin and siliceous earth. 
Dynamization, di-nam-iz-a'shun. See Dynamic. 
Dynamo, di'nam-o. Magnetic electric machine, 
which, being actuated by mechanical power, causing 
a magnet to play in face of coils of wire, or vice versa, 
generates an electric current. 
Dynamo-elec'tric. Eelating to the motive power of 
electricity. 
Dynamogeny, di-nam-oj'en-e (dunamis, gennao, to 
engender). Production or increase of nervous power. 
Dynamograph, di-nam'o-graf (dunamis, grapho, to 
write). Instrument devised to register, after the 
principle of the sphygmograph, the muscular power 
and tone of the individual. 
Dynamography, di-nam-og'raf-e. Instrument for 
recording facts obtained by the dynamometer. 
Dynamometer, di-nam-om'et-ur (dunamis, metron, 
measure). Called also Dynamiometer, Myodynamiometer, 
Myodynamometer Instrument for measuring the com- 
parative muscular strength of man and animals. It 
consists of a spring, which, when pressed upon, causes 
a needle to move upon a portion of a circle furnished 
with a scale of kilogrammes and one of myriagrammes, 
A man 25 or 30 years of age exerts a force commonly 
equal to 50 kilogrammes or 100 pounds. D., medic'inal, 
instrument to show the quantity of active matter in a 
given weight or measure of any officinal compound, 
with the dose of any preparation which will be 
equivalent in strength to a given quantity of any 
other of the same class. 
Dynamopathy, di-nam-op'a-the (dunamis, pathos, af- 
fection). Homoeopathy. 
Dyne. Unit of force which imparts to a mass 
weighing one gramme a velocity of one centimetre 
in a second. 
Dyota, de-o'tah. Diota. 
Dys. As a prefix, difficult, faulty; sometimes priva- 
tive ; mostly answering to the particles dis, in, mis, or 
un in English. 
Dysacusls (dis-ak-u'sis) or Dysaku'sis (dys, akousis, 
hearing). Difficulty of hearing. 
Dyszemia, dis-e'me-ah (dys, haima, blood). Morbid 
condition of the blood. 
Dyssesthenia, dis-ees-then-e'ah. Distressing mor- 
bid vibratory sensation, ascending toward the central DYSZESTHESIA 
portion of a limb and descending toward its extrem- 
ity, excited by slightest touch or application of a cold 
body to the surface. 
Dyssesthesia (dis-ees-the'ze-ah) or Dyssesthe'sis 
(dys, aisthanomai, to feel). Obscure, diminished, or 
even abolished sensation. D. audito'ria, diminution 
or loss of hearing. D. gustato'ria, diminution or loss 
of taste. D. inter'na, loss of memory. D. olfacto'ria, 
diminution or loss of smell. D. visua'lis, sense of 
sight vitiated or lost. 
Dyssesthesis, dis-ees-the'sis. Dysaesthesia. 
Dysalbumose, dis-al'bu-mose. Variety of hemi- 
albumose, insoluble in salt water. 
Dysanagnosia, dis-an-ag-no'se-ah (dus, anagnosis, 
recognition). Alexia. 
Dysanagogus, dis-an-ag-o'gus (dys, anago, to bring 
up). Expectorated with difficulty, as from too great 
viscidity. 
Dysannarrhophesis (dis-an-nar-ro-fe'sis) or Dysan- 
narrhoph'ia (dys, anarrhophesis, absorption). Dimin- 
ished absorption from morbid causes. 
Dysaphe (dis'af-e) or Dysaph'ia (dys, haphe, feeling). 
Morbid touch. 
Dysapocatastasis, dis-ap-o-kat-as'tas-is. Condition 
of unrest and dissatisfaction. 
Dysaponotocy, dis-ap-on-ot'o-se (dws, a, ponos, pain- 
ful, tokos, birth). Labor accompanied with difficulty, 
but without pain. 
Dysapulotus, dis-ap-u-lo'tus (dys, apouloo, to heal). 
Healing with difficulty. 
Dysapulous, dis-ap-u'lus. Healing with difficulty. 
Dysarthria, dis-arth're-ah. Difficulty of articula- 
tion. 
Dysarthric, dis-arth'rik. Relating to difficult artic- 
ulation. 
Dysarthritis, dis-arth-re'tis (dys, arthritis, gout). 
Gout, irregular. 
Dysarthrosis, dis-arth-ro'sis (dus, arthrosis, articu- 
lation). Difficulty of articulation; also congenital 
defect of a joint. 
Dysbasia, dis-bah'ze-ah (dys, basis, step). Difficulty 
in walking. 
Dysblennia, dis - blen' ne - ah (dus, blenna, mucus). 
Morbid formation or state of mucus. 
Dysbulia, dis-bu'le-ah. Morbid state affecting the 
exercise of the will. 
Dyscatabrosis, dis-kat-ah-bro'sis (dys, katabrosis, act 
of eating up). Difficulty of swallowing. 
Dyscataposis, dis-kat-ap'os-is (dys, kataposis, deglu- 
tition). Difficulty of swallowing. 
Dyscatapotia, dis-kat-ap-o'she-ah (dread of liquids). 
Term suggested as a substitute for hydrophobia, which 
means dread of liquids. 
Dyschezia, dis-ke'ze-ah (dys, chezo, to go to stool). 
Difficult and painful defecation. 
Dyschrcea (dis-kre'ah) or Dischroi'a (dys, chroa or 
chroia, color). Sickly and unhealthy color of the 
skin. Maculae. 
Dyschroma, dis-kro'mah (dys, chroma, color). Mor- 
bid discoloration of skin. 
Dyschromasia, dis - kro - mah' se - ah (dys, chroma, 
color). See Decoloration. 
Dyschromatodermia, dis-kro-mat-o-dur'me-ah (dys, 
chroma, derma, skin). Morbid discoloration of skin. 
Dyschromatopsia, dis-kro-mat-op'se-ah (dys, chroma, 
color, opsis, vision). Achromatopsia. 
Dyscinesia, dis-sin-a'ze-ah (dys, kineo, to move). 
Difficulty or utter incapability of moving. 
Dyscoelia, dis-se'le-ah (dys, koilia, abdomen). Con- 
stipation. 
Dyscoelius, dis-se'le-us. Constipated. 
Dyscophos, dis'ko-fos. Deaf. 
Dyscophosis, dis-ko-fo'sis (dys, kophoo, to be deaf). 
Defective sense of hearing. 
Dyscopria, dis-kop're-ah (dys, kopros, excrement). 
Condition in which the feces are abnormal. 
Dyscoria, dis-ko're-ah (dys, kore, pupil). Irregular- 
ity of shape of the pupil. 
Dyscras'la (dys, krasis, temperament). Bad or de- 
praved habit of body. See Dysthetica. D. herpet'ica, 
herpetic condition of the blood. D., malabriLal, ca- 
355 
DYSENTERY 
chexia due to malaria. D., metastat'ic sup'purative, 
pyaemia. D., palu'dal, cachexia due to malaria. D. po- 
tato'rum, dyscrasia of drinkers; cachectic phenomena 
exhibited in alcohol-drinkers. D. saturni'na, satur- 
nine cachexia from lead-poisoning. D. scrofulo'sa, 
scrofula. D. tuberculo'sa, see Tubercle. D., u'ric- 
ac'id, uric-acid diathesis. 
Dyscrasiacum, dis-kraz-e'ak-um. Eelating to pov- 
erty of the blood. 
Dyscrasic, dis-kraz'ik. Eelating to dyscrasia or 
bad habit of body. 
Dyscrasy, dis'kra-ze. Dyscrasia. D., bil'ious, cho- 
losis, icterus. 
Dyscrinia, dis-krin'e-ah. Name given diseases in 
which there are difficult or pathological secretions. 
Dyscritos, dis'krit-os (dys, krisis, judgment). That 
which it is difficult to judge of. 
Dysdacria, dis-dak're-ah (dys, dakruon, tear). Mor- 
bid condition of the tears. 
Disdacryosis, dis-dak-re-o'sis. Morbid condition 
of the tears. 
Dysdiachoresis, dis-de-ah-kor-a'sis (dys, diachoreo, to 
pass through). Passage of food through the intestinal 
canal accompanied by slowness or difficulty; also a 
variety of rheumatism in which locomotion is diffi- 
cult. 
Dysdiachoreticus, dis-de-ah-kor-et'ik-us. Eelating 
to or suffering with dysdiachoresis. 
Dysdynamia, dis-din-am'e-ah (dys, dunamis, power). 
Defective vital activity. 
Dysecbolia, dis-ek-bol'e-ah (dys, ekbole, expulsion). 
Impeded evacuation; also stricture of the urethra. 
Dyseccrisia, dis-ek-kriz'e-ah (dys, ekkrisis, excre- 
tion). Difficult or defective excretion. 
Dyseccrisis, kis-ek'kris-is. Difficult or defective 
excretion. 
Dysecoia (dis-e-koi'ah) or Dysecoe'a (dys, akoe, au- 
dition). Difficulty of hearing; deafness. 
Dysecous, dis-e'kus. Hard of hearing. 
Dysecpneusis, dis-ek-nu'sis (dis, ekpneusis, expira- 
tion). Difficult expiration. 
Dysecpneustus, dis-ek-nu'stus. Affected with diffi- 
culty of expiration. 
Dysecpncea, dis-ek-ne'ah {ekpnoe, expiration). Dif- 
ficult expiration. 
Dysegertos, dis-e-gur'tos. Difficult to awaken. 
Dyselceia (dis-el-se'ah) or Dyselcia, dis-el'se-ah 
(dys, Keikos, ulcer). An ulcer difficult to heal. 
Dysembolisis (dis-em-bol'is-is) or Dysembolismus, 
dis-em-bol-iz'mus (dys, emballo, to insert). Difficulty 
in giving an enema. 
Dysemesia, dis-em-e'ze-ah (dys, emesis, vomiting). 
Vomiturition. 
Dysem'esis. Dysemesia. 
Dysenteria, dis-en-ter'e-ah. Dysentery. D. acu'ta, 
D., acute. D. adynam'ica, D., adynamic. D. al'ba, 
D., white. D. bilio'sa, colocholosis. D. castren'sis, 
camp, diarrhoea. D. catarrha'lis, catarrhal dysen- 
tery. D. cruen'ta, D., bloody. D. hsemate'ra, D., 
bloody. D. hepat'ica, dysenteric discharge mixed 
with bile. D. inflammato'ria, D., inflammatory. D. 
malig'na, adynamia or malignant dysentery. D. 
nephrit'ica, diabetes mellitus. D. nos'tras, common 
dysentery. D. pu'trida, adynamic or malignant dys- 
entery. D. scorbu'tica, adynamic scrofulous form 
of dysentery. D. sic'ca, checking of dysentery; con- 
dition when checked. D. splen'ica, melaena. D. 
sporad'ica, sporadic dysentery. D. typho'des, 
adynamic dysentery. D. vermino'sa, dysentery 
caused by the presence of worms in the intestines. 
Dysenteric, dis-en-ter'ik. Eelating to dysentery. 
Dysenterium, dis-en-ter'e-um. Dysentery. 
Dysenteronervia, dis-en-ter-o-nur've-ah {dys, ente- 
ron, intestine, neuron, nerve). Colic. D. saturni'na, 
colica metallica. 
Dysentery, dis'en-ter-e {dys, enteron, intestine). 
Bloody flux, Flux. Inflammation of the mucous mem- 
brane of the large intestine, the chief symptoms of 
which are fever, more or less inflammatory, with fre- 
quent mucous or bloody evacuations, violent tormina, 
and tenesmus. When the evacuations do not contain DYSEPULOTICUS 
blood it has been called Simple dysentery. The seat of 
the disease is generally in the colon and rectum; it 
occurs particularly during the summer and autumnal 
months, and in hot climates more than in cold; fre- 
quently, also, in camps and prisons, from impure air 
and imperfect nourishment, and is often epidemic. 
Sporadic cases of dysentery are generally easily man- 
aged, but when epidemic- it often exhibits great 
malignancy. Frequently it yields to mild laxa- 
tives, as castor oil, combined with diaphoretic nar- 
cotics and counter-irritants to the abdomen; but 
at times the inflammation runs on speedily to ulcer- 
ation and death. The whole management in acute 
dysentery must, of course, be strictly antiphlogis- 
tic. D., bil'ious, D. accompanied with bilious dis- 
charges. 
Dysepuloticus, dis-ep-u-lot'ik-us (dys, epi, upon, 
ouloo, to heal). Healing with difficulty. 
Dysepulotus, dis-ep-u-lo'tus. Healing -with diffi- 
culty. 
Dyserethisia, dis-er-e-thiz'e-ah (dys, erethiso, to 
exasperate). Decreased sensibility. 
Dyserethisise, dis-er-e-thiz'e-e. Diseases in which 
decreased sensibility exists. 
Dysgalactia, dis-gal-ak'te-ah. Dysgalia. 
Dysgalia (dis-gal'e-ah) or Dysgalac'tia (dys, gala, 
milk). Unhealthy condition or depravation of milk. 
Dysgennesia, dis-gen-na'ze-ah (dys, gennesis, gene- 
ration). Lesion of the generative organs or functions. 
Dysgeusia (dis-goo'se-ah) or Dysgeus'tia (dys, yewsis, 
taste). Morbid condition of the sense of taste. 
Dysgraph'ia (dys, grapho, to write). Difficulty in 
expressing one's ideas in writing. 
Dyshae'mia. Morbid condition of the blood. 
Dyshaemorrhoea, dis-he-mor-rhe'ah (dys, haima, 
blood, rheo, to flow). Difficulty in the flow of blood, 
as of the hemorrhoidal flux. Also symptoms occa- 
sioned by its diminution or suppression. 
Dyshaphia (dis-haf'e-ah) or Dysaph'ia (dys, haphe, 
touch). Morbid condition of the sense of touch. 
Dyshidria (dis-hid're-ah) or Dysid'ria (dys, hidros, 
sweat). Morbid state of the perspiration. See Dysi- 
drosis. 
Dyshidro'sis. Dysidrosis. 
Dysiatos, dis-e'at-os (dys, iaomai, to heal). Difficult 
to cure. 
Dysidria, dis-id're-ah. Morbid state of perspira- 
tion. See Dysidrosis. 
Dysidrosis, dis-id-ro'sis (dys, hidros, sweat). Dis- 
ease characterized essentially by retention in the fol- 
licles of the skin of sweat rapidly and freely secreted, 
leading to distension and congestion of the follicles, 
dermatitis, etc., a condition similar to that of the 
sebaceous follicles in acne. 
Dysidrous, dis-id'rus. Perspiring with difficulty. 
Dyskataposis, dis-kat-ap'os-is (dys, kataposis, a 
drinking down). Drinking attended with difficulty. 
Dyskinesia, dis-kin-a'ze-ah (dys, kineo, to move). 
Difficulty in moving, due to lack of nervous co-ordi- 
nation. 
Dyskoria, dis-ko're-ah (dys, kore, pupil). Con- 
dition in which an abnormal shape of the pupil 
exists. 
Dyslalia, dis-lal'e-ah (dys, laleo, to speak). Stutter- 
ing or stammering; difficulty of speech, the cause of 
which may be mechanical, or in the teeth, lips, lar- 
ynx, nose, or palate. 
Dyslexia, dis-leks'e-ah (dys, lego, to read). Ina- 
bility in reading to take in by the eye-impression the 
normal number of words; a symptom of very grave 
cerebral disease. 
Dyslochia, dis-lok-e'ah (dys, lochios, relating to par- 
turition). Diminution or suppression of the lochial 
discharge. 
Dyslogia, dis-lo'je-ah (dys, logos, speech). Speech 
attended with difficulty. 
Dyslysin, dis'lis-in (dys, luo, to dissolve). Product 
of decomposition of cholic acid, with the formula 
C24H36O3. 
Dysmasesis, dis-mas-e'sis (dys, masesis, mastication). 
Difficult or impeded mastication. 
356 
DYSOREXIA 
Dysmenia, dis-men'e-ah (dys, menes, menses). Dys- 
menorrhcea. 
Dysmenorrhoea, dis-men-or-rhe'ah (dys, menorrhoea). 
Laborious, painful, or difficult menstruation. Cata- 
menia passed with great local pain, especially in the 
loins, with sometimes membranous discharge. It is 
very difficult of removal, and prevents conception. 
In the married female the morbid action may be 
broken in upon by gestation, and a perfect cure be 
obtained. The affection generally depends upon 
erethism of the interior of the uterus, called into 
action at each catamenial period. It may also be of 
ovarian origin (see Dysootocia) or dependent upon ob- 
struction of the Fallopian tube-Tubal dysmenorrhoea. 
D., conges'tive, D. membranacea. D., inflam'ma- 
tory, D. membranacea. D., intermen'strual or in- 
terme'diate, severe pain occurring between the men- 
strual periods, ceasing when the flow sets in, probably 
due to commencing ovulation-process in the ovaries, 
affected by thickening of the indusium. D. mem- 
brana'cea, Congestive or Inflammatory dysmenorrhoea ,- 
disease whose pathognomonic feature is the expulsion 
of a membrane resembling decidua within a day or 
two of the advent of menstruation, or even during 
extra-menstrual periods. D., neural zgic, form of dys- 
menorrhcea chiefly met with in young, delicate 
women at puberty, or in those who have never 
borne children. D., obstructive, caused by any- 
thing acting as an impediment to the menstrual flow, 
as malposition of the uterus, fibromata, etc. 
Dysmenorrhceal, dis-men-or-rhe'al. Relating to 
dysmenorrhoea. D. mem'brane, see Dysmenorrhoea 
membranacea. 
Dysmimia, dis-mim'e-ah (dys, mimeomai, to imitate). 
Difficulty in using signs and gestures when speaking. 
Dysmnesia, dis-ne'se-ah (dys, mnesis, memory). De- 
fective memory. 
Dysmorphe, dis-mor'fe (dys, morphe, shape). De- 
formation. 
Dysmorphia, dis-morf'e-ah. Deformation. 
Dysmorphosis, dis-mor-fo'sis. Deformation. 
Dysmyotonia congenitalis, dis-me-o-to'ne-ah con- 
jen-it-al'is. Congenital atony and rigidity of muscles 
existing in Thomsen's disease. 
Dysneu'ria (dys, neuron, nerve). Failing condition 
of the senses; weak-mindedness. 
Dysnusia, dis-nu'se-ah (dys, noeo, to understand). 
Impairment of intellect. 
Dysodes, dis-o'dees. Fetid. 
Dysodia, dis-o'de-ah (dys, ozo, to smell). Diseases 
characterized by fetid emanations, from whatever part 
proceeding-from the mouth, nasal fossa*, bronchia, 
stomach, axillse, groins, etc.; also a stench or stink. 
Dysodmla, dis-od'me-ah. Dysodia. 
Dysodontiasis, dis-o-don-te'as-is (dys, odontiasis, 
dentition). Difficult dentition. 
Dysodynia, dis-o-din'e-ah (dys, odune, pain). Labor 
pains attended with difficulty. 
Dysomphalotocia, dis-om-fal-o-to'se-ah (dys, om- 
phalos, navel, tokos, birth). Difficulty in delivering 
the umbilical cord. 
Dysoneirus, dis-o-ni'ros (dys, oneiros, dream). In- 
somnia with restlessness. 
Dysootocia, dis-o-o-tosh'e-ah (dys, ootokeo, to lay 
eggs). Difficult ovulation-Ovarian dysmenorrhoea- 
as distinct from difficulty in secretion and excretion 
of the menstrual fluid, which is the duty of the uterus. 
Dysopia, dis-o'pe-ah (properly Dysop'sia) (dys, 
optomai, to see). Difficulty of seeing; obscurity of 
vision. D. dissito'rum, myopia. D. latera'iis, Skue- 
sight, Skewsight, Sight askew. Vision only accurate 
when the object is placed obliquely; this state is 
generally caused by some opacity of the cornea. D. 
lu'minis, day-blindness; see Nyctalopia. D. proxi- 
mo'rum, near-sightedness. D. tenebra'rum, hemer- 
alopia. 
Dysopsia, dis-op'se-ah. Dysopia. 
Dysorasis, dis-o-rah'sis (dys, orasis, vision). Dys- 
opia. 
Dysorexia, dis-o-rek'she-ah (dys, orexis, appetite). 
Diminution of appetite. DYSOSMIA 
Dysosmia, dis-os'me-ah {dys, osme, smell). Diminu- 
tion of smell. 
Dysosphresia, dis-os-fre'se-ah {dys, osphresis, sense* 
of smell). Morbid state of the sense of smell. 
Dysostosis, dis-os-to'sis {osteon, bone, osis). Faulty 
conformation or morbid condition of bone. 
Dyspareunia, dis-par-oo'ne-ah {dys, pareunos, bed- 
fellow ; unhappily bedded together). Condition of 
difficult or painful performance of the sexual function, 
whether from congenital or acquired causes. 
Dyspathia, dis-path-e'ah {dys, pathos, affection). 
Disease attended with danger. 
Dyspepsia, dis-pep'se-ah {dys, pepto, to concoct). 
Dyspepsy, Indigestion. Difficulty of digestion. State 
of the stomach in which its functions are disturbed, 
without the presence of other diseases, or when, if 
other diseases be present, they are of but minor im- 
portance. The numerous forms of disorder of the 
digestive organs have occasionally been termed the 
indigestions. Symptoms of dyspepsia are very vari- 
ous. Those affecting the stomach itself are loss of 
appetite, nausea, pain in epigastrium or hypochon- 
drium, heartburn, sense of fulness or weight in the 
stomach, acrid or fetid eructations, pyrosis, and sense 
of fluttering or sinking at pit of the stomach. Sym- 
pathetic affections are of the most diversified charac- 
ter. Dyspepsia is generally functional, but when 
arising from disease of the stomach itself is, of 
course, serious. Dyspepsia may be of duodenal ori- 
gin, Duodenal or Intestinal dyspepsia, and is generally 
accompanied with pain over that bowel some hours 
after food has been taken. As dyspepsia is usually 
dependent on irregularity of living, either in quan- 
tity or quality of the food taken, the most successful 
treatment is to put the patient on a diet easy of di- 
gestion ; to combat the causes where such are ap- 
parent; and, by proper remedies and regimen, to 
strengthen the system in every practicable manner. 
It is often connected with inflammatory or subin- 
flammatory condition of the mucous lining of the 
stomach. It is often attended with too great a se- 
cretion of the gastric acids; but these sometimes ap- 
pear to be too small in quantity, so as to constitute 
Alkaline or Neutral indigestion. D. chloro'sis, chlo- 
rosis. D. hypochondri'asis, hypochondriasis. D. 
pyro'sis, pyrosis. D., sal'ivary, dyspepsia connected 
with alterations in the quality or quantity of the sali- 
vary secretion. 
Dyspepsiodynia, dis-pep-se-o-din'e-ah {dyspepsia, 
odune, pain). Cardialgia. 
Dyspepsodynia, dis-pep-so-din'e-ah. Cardialgia. 
Dyspepsy, dis-pep'se. Dyspepsia. 
Dyspeptic, dis-pep'tik {apeptic). Having no rela- 
tion to dyspepsia, as dyspeptic bread. One suffering 
from dyspepsia. 
Dyspepticus, dis-pep'tik-us. Dyspeptic. 
Dyspeptodynia, dis-pep-to-din'e-ah {dys, pepto, to 
concoct, odune, pain). Cardialgia. 
Dyspeptone, dis-pep'tone. Non-available residue 
of gastric digestion. 
Dyspeptus, dis-pep'tus. Dyspeptic. 
Dysperistalsis, dis-per-e-stal'sis. Violent contrac- 
tions which occur when the plexus myentericus, a 
nervous plexus between the circular and longitudinal 
fibres of the intestines, is stimulated. 
Dyspermasia, dis - pur - mah 'se-ah {dys, sperma, 
sperm). Dyspermatism. Difficulty-sometimes inca- 
pacity-of voiding the sperm. 
Dyspermatism, dis-pur'mah-tizm {dys, spermatis- 
mos, discharge of sperm). Slow emission of sperm. 
Dysphagia, dis-fah'je-ah {dys, phago, to eat). Diffi- 
culty of deglutition. It is almost always symptom- 
atic either of inflammation or of other disease of 
the organs of deglutition, or of incomplete obstruc- 
tion of the (esophagus, by some obstacle within it, or 
by a neighboring tumor. At times it is produced by 
spasms or paralysis of the oesophagus. The prognosis 
and treatment vary according to the cause. D. aton'- 
ica, D. from paralysis of the pharynx or oesophagus. 
D. callo'sa, D. constricta. D. constric'ta, stricture 
of the pharynx and oesophagus, is an affection which 
357 
DYSTH ERM ASIA 
may be the result of pharyngitis or oesophagitis, but 
more frequently of malignant disease in the parietes 
of the tube. The only remedy is the bougie. D. 
globo'sa or D. hyster'ica, a feeling of strangulation, 
with dread of suffocation. D. inflammato'ria, cy- 
nanche tonsillaris. D. linguo'sa, D. due to swelling 
of the tongue. D. nervo'sa, cesophagismus. D. 
oesophage'a, D. constricta. D. paralyt'ica, D. from 
paralysis of the pharynx or oesophagus. D. pha- 
rynge'a, D. constricta. D. ran'ula, ranula. D. scir- 
rho'sa, hsemoscirrhus. D. spasmod'ica or spas'tica, 
D. from spasm of the oesophagus. D. tor'pida, D. 
from torpor or paralysis of the pharynx. D. uvu- 
lo'sa, D. from relaxation and tumefaction of the 
uvula. 
Dyspha'sia (dys, phasis, speech). Difficult speech 
due to cerebral lesion. 
Dysphonia, dis-fo'ne-ah {dys, phone, voice). Dys- 
phony. Difficulty of producing and articulating 
sounds; voice imperfect or depraved. Aphonia (of 
some). D. clerico'rum, clergyman's sore throat. D. 
immodula'ta nasa'lis, speaking through the nose. 
D. i. palati'na, defective articulation from diseased 
palate. 
Dysphoria, dis-for'e-ah {dys, phero, to bear). Dis- 
satisfaction ; restlessness; suffering; indisposition. 
D. anxi'etas, anxiety. D. nervo'sa, fidgets. D. 
sim'plex, fidgets. 
Dysphotia, dis-pho'she-ah {dys, phos, light). Myopia. 
Dysphrasia, dis-frah'ze-ah {dys, phrazo, to speak). 
Difficult speech due to disordered intellect or to pa- 
ralysis. 
Dysphrenia, dis-fren'e-ah {dys, phren, mind). In- 
tellectual disorder. 
Dyspionia, dis-pe-o'ne-ah {dys, pion, fat). Morbid 
condition of the adipous substance. 
Dysplasmatic, dis-plas-mat'ik {dys, plasso, to form). 
Susceptible of only a low degree of organization. 
Dysplastic, dis-plas'tik {dys,plasso, to form). Unor- 
ganizable. 
Dysplasticum, dis-plas'tik-um. Delating to blood 
deficient in red corpuscles. 
Dyspnoea, disp-ne'ah {dys, pneo, to breathe). Pseu- 
do-asthma. Anhelation, short breath, difficulty of 
breathing. It may be idiopathic or symptomatic. 
The latter accompanies almost all thoracic diseases. 
D. convulsi'va, asthma. D. hydrothorac'ica, hy- 
drothorax. D. monta'na, mountain sickness; see 
Puna. D. physothorac'ica, pneumothorax. D. 
pinguedino'sa, D. accompanied with oppressive fat- 
ness. D. pneumat'ica, pneumothorax. D. pyothorac'- 
ica, empyema. 
Dyssialia, dis-se-al'e-ah {dys, sialon, saliva). Mor- 
bid condition of the saliva. 
Dysspermatismus, dis-spur-mat-iz'mus {dys, sperma, 
sperm). Difficulty in ejaculation of sperm. 
Dyssper'mia. Disordered condition of the semen. 
Dyssynodus, dis-sin'od-us {dus, sunodos, coition). 
Difficulty in coition. 
Dyssynusia, dis-sin-u'ze-ah {dys, sunousia, coition). 
Difficulty in coition. 
Dystasia, dis-taz'e-ah {dys, histemi, to stand). Diffi- 
culty in standing. 
Dystaxia, dis-tak'se-ah {dys, taxis, order). Want 
of regulation of the movements, like that of paralysis 
agitans. D. ag'itans, paralysis agitans. 
Dysteleology, dis-te-le-ol'o-je {dys, teleos, complete, 
logos, discourse). The study of the theory of the 
lack of usefulness of rudimentary structures in or- 
ganisms, as the vermiform appendix. 
Dysthanasia, dis-than-ah'ze-ah {dys, thanatos, 
death). Slow and painful death. 
Dysthanatus, dis-than'at-us {dys, thanatos, death). 
That which causes a slow and painful death. One 
who experiences this kind of death. 
Dysthelasia, dis-thel-ah'ze-ah {dys, thelazo, to give 
suck). Inaptitude for suckling. 
Dystherapeutus, dis-ther-ah-pu'tus {dys, therapeia, 
medical treatment). Difficult of cure. 
Dysthermasia, dis-thur-mah'ze-ah {dys, therme, 
heat). Insufficient production of animal heat. DYSTHESIA 
Dysthesia, dis-the'ze-ah (dys, tithemi, to be situ- 
ate). Morbid habit; bad humor; impatience in dis- 
ease. 
Dysthet'ica. Morbid condition of the system of 
nutrition, connected with a faulty state of the blood, 
producing a diseased habit. 
Dysthymia, dis-thim'e-ah (dys, thumos, mind). De- 
pression, despondency, melancholy; a bad sign in 
acute diseases. 
Dystitia, dis-tish'e-ah (dys, titthe, nurse). Nursing 
attended with difficulty. 
Dystocia, dis-tosh'e-ah (dys, tokos, accouchement). 
Laborious or morbid or difficult labor. See Laborious. 
D. aborti'va, abortion. D. dyscye'sis, pregnancy, 
morbid. D. d. extra-uteri'na, see Pregnancy, preter- 
natural. D., foe'tai, D. due to malposition or deformity 
of the foetus. D., mater'nal, D. due to abnormal 
conditions in the mother. D., placen'tal, difficulty 
in delivering the placenta. 
Distoechiasis, dis-te-ke'as-is (dys, stoichos, order). 
Irregular position of the eyelashes. 
Dystonia, dis-ton'e-ah (dys, tonos, tone). Morbid 
condition of the tone of a tissue or organ. 
358 
DYSURY 
Dystopia, dis-top'e-ah (dys, topos, situation). Dis- 
placement, malposition. 
' Dystraumia, dis-trawm'e-ah (dys, trauma, wound). 
Condition of wounds when they heal with difficulty, 
as in some persons and climates. 
Dystrophy, dis'trof-e (dys, trophe, nourishment). 
Imperfect or defective nutrition. D. muscula'ris 
progressi'va, progressive muscular atrophy. 
Dysulotus, dis-u-lo'tus (dys, oule, cicatrix). Heal- 
ing with difficulty. 
Dysuresia (dis-u-re'ze-ah) or Dysure'sis (dys, oure- 
sis, passing urine). Defective secretion and evacua- 
tion of the urine. 
Dysuria, dis-u're-ah. Difficulty of passing the urine, 
which is voided with pain and a sensation of heat in 
some part of the urethra. It is the first degree of 
retention of urine; differs from strangury, in which 
the urine can only he passed in drops and with great 
straining. D. calculo'sa, dysuria from presence of 
calculi. D. irrita'ta, D. from vesical calculi. D. 
muco'sa, copious discharge of mucus from the blad- 
der with the urine. 
Dysury, dis'u-re. Dysuria. E 
359 
ECBLEPHAROS 
E. 
E (L.). As a prefix, out of, from. 
Eaglestone. AStites. 
Eaglewood. Agallochum. 
Ear (Sax. eare). Organ of audition, composed 
of a series of more or less irregular cavities, in 
which the sonorous rays are successively received 
and reflected until they agitate the nerves which are 
destined to convey the impression to the brain. The 
ear is contained partly in the substance of the tem- 
poral bone, and a part projects externally behind the 
joint of the lower jaw. It may be divided into three 
portions: the Outer or External ear, formed by the 
auricle and meatus auditorius; the Middle ear, com- 
prising the cavity of the tympanum and its depend- 
encies ; and the Internal ear, comprehending the three 
semicircular canals, the cochlea, and the vestibule, 
which together constitute the Osseous labyrinth. With- 
in the cavity of this labyrinth are contained mem- 
branes having nearly the shape of the vestibule and 
semicircular canals, but not extending into the coch- 
lea. These membranes form the Membranous labyrinth. 
Between the osseous and the membranous labyrinth 
is situate the liquor of Cotunnius, and within the mem- 
branous labyrinth is a fluid, vitreous humor of the 
eye, from its supposed analogy to the vitreous 
humor of the eye. The membranous vestibule is not 
an exact imitation of the osseous cavity, being com- 
posed of two distinct sacs which open into each other, 
the one termed the Sacculus vestibuli ; the other, Sac- 
culus. Each sac contains in its interior a small mass 
of white calcareous matter, which seems to be sus- 
pended in the fluid of the sacs by nervous filaments 
proceeding from the auditory nerve. The auditory 
nerve is distributed to the cavities of the internal 
ear. E., asy'lum, haematoma auris. E. cough, cough 
excited by titillation of the external ear, by a reflected 
sensation from sympathy between the ear and the 
larynx, through a branch of the fifth pair of nerves. 
E. doc'tor, aurist. E. drum, tympanum. E. fin'ger, 
the little finger. E. flap, lobe of the ear, broad, loose, 
and pendent from birth. E., Insane', haematoma 
auris. E., Keck'er, tonsil. 
Ear-ache. Pain in the ear; otalgia. 
Ear-bones. See Ossicula auditus. 
Ear-crys'tals. Otoliths. 
Earning, urn'ing (from [G.] gerinnen, to coagulate). 
Eennet. 
Ear-pick. Species of small scoop for extracting 
hardened cerumen from the meatus auditorius ex- 
ternus, or to remove foreign bodies from the ear. 
Ear-pow'der. See Otoliths. 
Ear-sand. See Otoliths. 
Ear-stones. Otoliths. 
Ear-sur'geon. Aurist. E. sur'gery, the business 
of the aurist; the surgical management of diseases of 
the ear. 
Earth clos'et. Arrangement proposed as a sub- 
stitute for the water closet, the excrementitious 
matter being received in earth in an appropriate 
vessel. E. club, Orobanche Americana. E. eat'er, 
geophagist. E. eat'ing, geophagism. E., ful'ler's, Ci- 
molia purpurescens. E. gall, Veratrum viride. E., 
heav'y, baryta. E., Japan', catechu. E., Lem'nian, 
terra Lemnia. E. nut, Bunium bulbocastanum, pig- 
nut. E. oil, petroleum. E., pon'derous, baryta. E., 
Sa'mian, Sami terra. E., sealed, terra sigillata. E., 
talc, magnesia. E. treat'ment, method of treatment 
of wounds, etc.; yellow clay or clayey earth, well 
dried, finely pulverized, sifted, and changed as soon 
as it is saturated with the discharge, is applied as a 
deodorizing agent, exerting also an influence in check- 
ing putrefaction and facilitating the healing process. 
Earths, urths. Solid, tasteless, inodorous, and in- 
combustible substances known in chemistry as metal- 
lic oxides, as alumina, magnesia, etc. E., al'kaline, 
similar oxides, possessing slight alkaline reaction, as 
lime, baryta, strontia, etc. 
Earth-wax, Cerumen. See Ozokerite. 
Earthy degeneration, urth'e de-jen - e-ra'shun. 
Cretefaction. E. phos'phates, phosphates of am- 
monium, magnesium, and calcium occurring in urine. 
Ear-trum'pet. Instrument for collecting sound 
and increasing its intensity, used by those who are 
hard of hearing; commonly a kind of cone, formed 
of silver, tin, or elastic gum, the base of which is 
turned toward the person who is speaking, and the 
apex placed in the entrance of the meatus auditorius 
externus. 
Earwax. Cerumen. 
Ear'wig (eruca, caterpillar). Technically, the for- 
ficula auricularia, an insect which occasionally 
enters the external auditory meatus and excites 
intense pain. 
East In'dia ar'row root. See Arrow root. E. I. 
bdel'lium, see Bdellium. E. I. gum, gum acacia. E. 
I. ki'no, see Kino. E. I. rhu'barb, see Rheum. E. I. 
sarsaparil'la, see Hemidesmus Indicus. E. I. sen'na, 
see Senna. E. I. tac'amahac, see Fagara octandra. 
East'ningwort. Scabiosa. 
Eat'able. Esculent; edible. 
Eat'ing tet'ter. Lupus. 
Eau de Cologne. Cologne water. Celebrated per- 
fume, so called from the place where it is made. For 
the officinal preparation of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, 
see Spiritus odoratus. 
Eberth's bacil'lus. See Bacillus typhi abdominalis. 
Eb'ner's glands. See Glands. 
Ebonite, eb'on-ite (ebenos, ebony). Hard or vulcan- 
ized rubber. 
Ebriecasum, eb-re-ek-ah'sum (ebrius, drunk). Dis- 
turbance of reason, similar to that which occurs in 
drunkenness. 
Ebrieca'tion. Mental affection due to indulgence 
in alcoholic stimulation. 
Ebrietas, eb-re'et-as. Drunkenness. 
Ebriety, e-bri'et-e. Drunkenness. 
Ebriositas, eb-re-os'it-as. Drunkenness. 
Eb'strius' meth'od. Method employed for the re- 
duction of corpulence, consisting in excluding the 
carbohydrates and in the use of fat. 
Ebullltio, eb-ul-lish'e-o. Ebullition; strophulus. 
E. stomachi, heartburn; pyrosis. 
Ebullition, eb-ul-lish'un (e, bullio, to bubble up). 
Boiling; motion of a liquid by which it gives off 
bubbles of vapor by heat or fermentation. The boil- 
ing point of liquids varies according to the pressure to 
which they are subjected. (For the point of ebulli- 
tion of different substances, see Heat.) 
Ebulus, eb'u-lus. Sambucus ebulus. E. den'tis, 
dentine. E. us'tum, animal charcoal. 
E'bur. Ivory. See Tooth. 
Eburnation, e-bur-na'shun. See Eburnification. 
Eburneatio, e-bur-ne-ah'she-o. Eburnification. 
Eburnification, e-bur-nif-e-ka'shun (ebur, ivory, fio, 
to be made). Eburnation. Incrustation of the car- 
tilages of articular surfaces' of bones with phosphate 
of lime, which gives them the whiteness and hardness 
of ivory. 
Ec-before a vowel, Ex. As a prefix, out of, from, of. 
Ecapatli. Cassia occidentalis, Mexican plant; 
leaves are used in place of official senna. 
Ecbalia elaterium, ek-bal'e-ah el-at-e're-um (ec, 
ballo, to throw). Momordica elaterium. E. fruc'tus, 
see Momordica elaterium. 
Ecbalin, ek'bal-in. See Momordica elaterium. 
Ecbal'ium agres'te. Momordica elaterium. E. 
officina'rum, Momordica elaterium. 
Ecbesomenon, ek-be-som'en-on (ekbaino, to come 
out). Issue of a disease. 
Ecblepharos, ek-blef'ar-os (blepharon, eyelid). Form ECBLOMA 
of artificial eye, consisting of a leather plate on 
which is painted a representation of the natural eye; 
placed in front of the orbit when it is impossible to 
introduce the ordinary artificial eye into the orbital 
cavity. 
Ecbloma, ek-blo'mah (efc, ballo, to throw). See 
Abortion. 
Ecbole, ek'bo-le. Abortion. 
Ecbolic (ek-bol'ik) or Ecbolicus, ek-bol'ik-us. 
Abortive. 
Ecbolics, ec-bol'iks {ekb ole, birth, oxus, quick, tokos, 
birth). Oxytocics. Medicines which produce abortion 
by stimulating the gravid uterus to contract. 
Ecboline, ek'bol-een. Alkaloid derived from ergot. 
Ecbolium elaterium, ek-bol'e-um el-at-e're-um (ec, 
ballo, to throw). Momordica elaterium. 
Ecbolius, ek-bol'e-us. Abortive. 
Ecbrasmata, ek-braz'mah-tah (pl. of Ecbrasma) 
{ekb r azo, to boil up). Burning eruptions. 
Eccanthis, ek-kan'this. See Encanthis. 
Eccatharticus, ek-kath-ar'ti-cus. Cathartic. 
Eccentricity, ek-sen-tris'it-e. Condition of being 
peculiar in disposition or habits, sometimes amount- 
ing almost to insanity. 
Eccephalosis, ek-sef-al-o'sis (efc, kephale, head, osis). 
Removal of the brain of the child to facilitate de- 
livery. 
Ecchelysis, ek-kel'is-is {chelusso, to cough). Ex- 
pectoration. 
Ecchondroma, ek-kon-dro'mah. See Chondroma. 
Ecchondrosis, ek-kon-dro'sis. Chondroma. 
Ecchoresis, ek-ko-re'sis {choreo, to make room). 
Defecation. 
Ecchyloma, ek-ke-lo'mah (ec, chulos, juice). Ex- 
pressed juice. 
Ecchymata, ek-kim'at-ah (pl. of Ecchyma) (ec, chuo, 
to pour). . Burning eruptions. 
Ecchymoma, ek-ke-mo'mah (ec, chumos, humor). 
Ecchymosis. Livid, black, or yellow spot produced by 
blood effused into the areolar tissue from a contusion, 
as of the conjunctiva-subconjunctival hemorrhage, 
black eye. Spontaneous effusions, occurring as the 
result of disease or after death, are called suggilla- 
tions. E. arterio'sum, see Aneurism. E. cap'itis re'- 
cens nato'rum, cephalaematoma. E. hypon'ychon, 
hyponychon. E. lymphat'icum, phlegmasia dolens. 
E. melas'ma, melasma. 
Ecchymosis, ek-ke-mo'sis. Ecchymoma. Tabetic 
ecchymoses are patches of discolored skin scattered 
irregularly over the lower extremities and lower part 
of the abdomen in locomotor ataxia, appearing sud- 
denly near the end of paroxysms of intense pain and 
severe gastric attacks. 
Ecchymotic, ek-kim-ot'ik. Pertaining to ecchy- 
mosis. 
Ecchysis, ek'kis-is {chuo, to pour). Effusion. 
Ecclisis, ek'klis-is {klino, to bend or give way). 
Luxation. 
Ecclysis, ek'klis-is (efc, out, klusis, a washing). 
Washing out by enema. 
Eccope, ek'kop-e (ec, kopto, to cut). The act of cut- 
ting out; also a perpendicular division of the cranium 
by a cutting instrument. 
Eccopeus, ek-kop'e-us. Knife or instrument for 
cutting; ancient instrument-the raspatory-used in 
trepanning. 
Eccoprosisesthesis, ek-kop-ros-e-ees-tha'sis {ek, kop- 
ros, excrement, aisthesis, sensation). Sensation or de- 
sire to evacuate the bowels. 
Eccoprosis, ek-kop-ro'sis (ec, kopros, excrement). 
Defecation. 
Eccoprotic, ek-kop-rot'ik. Ectoprotic; mild pur- 
gatives or laxatives, whose operation is confined to 
simply clearing out the intestinal canal. 
Eccorthaticus, ek-kor-that'ik-us (ec, korthuo, to col- 
lect). Ancient epithet for remedies to which was 
attributed the property of evacuating collections of 
humors. 
Eccrinology, ek-krin-ol'o-je (ec, krino, to separate, 
logos, discourse). Treatise on, or description of, 
360 
ECHINOPS 
Eccrinopathia, ek-krin-o-path-e'ah. Disease of ex- 
cretion or secretion. 
Eccrisiology, ek-kriz-e-ol'o-ge (ekkrisis, logos, dis- 
course). Treatise on, or description of, secretions. 
Eccrisionosi (ek-kriz-e-on'o-se) or Eccrisionu'si 
(ekkrisis, nosos, disease). Disease of excretion. 
Eccrisioschesis, ek-kriz-e-os'kes-is (ekkrisis, schesis, 
retention). Arrest or retention of excretions or of a 
critical evacuation. 
Eccrisis, ek'kris-is (ec, krino, to separate). Excre- 
tion. 
Eccritica, ek-krit'ik-ah. Diseases of the excernent 
functions; also medicines that act on the excernent 
system; eliminatives. 
Eccyesis, ek-se-a'sis (ec, kueo, to conceive). Preg- 
nancy, extra-uterine. E. ahdominaTis, pregnancy, 
abdominal. E. ova'ria, pregnancy, ovarial. E. tu- 
ba'lis, pregnancy, tubal. 
Eccyliosis, ek-sil-e-o'sis (ec, kulio, to turn round). 
Disease of evolution or development. 
Eccystis, ek-sis'tis (ek, kustis, bladder). Prolapse 
or extroversion of bladder. 
Ecdemic, ek-dem'ik (ekdemos, foreign). Name given 
to diseases which do not arise in the locality or be- 
come epidemic. 
Ecdemiomania (ek-dem-e-o-man'e-ah) (ekdemeo, to 
travel about) or Ecdemoman'ia. Morbid desire to be 
travelling about; the antithesis to nostalgia. 
Ecdemionosus, ek-dem-e-on'os-us (ekdemeo, to travel 
about). Ecdemiomania. 
Ecdermoptosis, ek-dur-mop-to'sis. Acne variolifor- 
mis ; Molluscum contagiosum. 
Ecdora, ek'dor-ah (ec, dero, to flay). Excoriation in 
general, but more especially of the urethra. 
Ecdysis, ek'dis-is (ekduo, to put off). Moulting of 
the skin of animals; desquamation. 
Ecgonine, ek'gon-in. Alkaloid derived from coca- 
ine by subjecting the latter to the influence of hydro- 
chloric acid. 
Echecollon, ek-e-kol'lon (echo, to have, kolla, glue). 
Any topical glutinous remedy. 
Echeneis, ek-ken-e'is. Remora Hildani. 
Echetro'sis. Bryonia alba. 
Echicaoutchin, ek-e-kah-out'chin. Resin of an 
elastic nature, derived from bark of Alstonia scho- 
laris. 
Echlcerin, ek-is'er-in. Crystallizable substance 
found in dita bark. 
Echidna ocellata, ek-id'nah o-sel-lah'tah. A most 
formidable viper in the forests of Peru, the bite of 
which is so rapidly fatal that it kills a strong man in 
two or three minutes. 
Echidnia, ek-id'ne-ah. Ptyaline principle found in 
viper venom. 
Echinacea purpurea, ek-in-ah'se-ah pur-pu're-ah 
(echinos, owing to the spiny chaff of the disk). Pur- 
ple coneflower, black Sampson; indigenous in the W. 
United States. Root is aromatic, and used popularly 
as a carminative. 
Echinococcus (ek-in-o-kok'kus) altricipa'riens 
(echinos, hedgehog, kokkos, grain or berry). Echino- 
coccus in which daughter cysts originate from the 
head and are embraced in the mother cyst. E. 
endog'enus, echinococcus altricipariens. E. exog'- 
enus, echinococcus scolecipariens. E. hom'inis, or 
human'us, see Hydatid and Parasites. E. multi- 
locula'ris, echinococci of small size situated close 
together. E. scolecipa'riens, echinococcus in which 
the daughter cysts originate from outside the mother 
cyst. 
Echinodermi, ek-in-o-dur'me (echinos, hedgehog, 
derma, skin). See Porcupine men. 
Echinoglossum, ek-in-o-glos'sum (echinos, hedge- 
hog, glossa, tongue). Ophioglossum vulgatum. 
Echinophthalmia, ek - in - of - thal' me - ah (echinos, 
hedgehog, ophthalmia, inflammation of the eye). Oph- 
thalmia of the eyelids, in which the cilia project like 
the quills of the hedgehog. 
Echinops, ek'in-ops (echinos, hedgehog, ops, appear- 
ance). Globe thistle. Root and seeds are reputed to 
be moderately diuretic. ECHINOPUS 
Echinopus, ek-in'o-pus (echinos, hedgehog, pous, 
foot). Echinops. 
Echinorrhynchus (ek-in-or-rhink'us) (echinos, hedge- 
hog, runchos, snout). Genus of the Acanthocephala 
or thorn-headed worms. E. gigas, parasite of large 
size found in the intestines of the hog, and sometimes 
in man. E. monilifor'mis, parasite occurring in a case 
described by two Italian observers. 
Echinus scandens, ek-e'nus skan'dens. Allamanda. 
Echirrhetin, ek-ir-rhet'in. Resinoid mass obtained 
from bark of Alstonia scholaris. 
Echitamine, ek-it'am-een. Ditaine. 
Echit'ein. Crystallizable resinoid substance de- 
rived from dita bark. 
Echitenine, ek-it'en-een. Amorphous brown alka- 
loid derived from bark of Alstonia scholaris. 
Echi'tes acumina'ta. Growing in Peru ; furnishes 
a variety of condurango. E. antidysenter'ica, Holar- 
rhena antidysenterica. E. difformis, Forsterania dif- 
formis. E. hirsu'ta, growing in Peru; furnishes a 
variety of condurango. E. Malabar'ica grows in 
India; root is employed in fevers. E. schola'ris, 
Alstonia scholaris. E. suberec'ta, see Curare. E. 
syphilit'ica, tree of Surinam; employed in syphilis. 
Ech'ium vulga're. Blueweed, ord. Borraginese; 
growing in Europe and N. United States; root is 
aperient. 
Echmasis, ek'mas-is (echmazo, to hinder). Reten- 
tion, obstruction. 
Echo sign. Disorder of speech in epileptics, in 
which words are repeated several times in succession. 
Echokine'sis. Affection occurring in convulsive tic, 
in which the child mimics the actions of others. 
Echola'lla (echos, sound, laleo, to speak). Automatic 
repetition of words heard; a form of insanity. 
Echop'athy (echo, sound, pathos, disease). Abnor- 
mal nervous action in which the patient repeats 
words or actions. 
Echophrasia, ek-o-fraz'e-ah (echo, phrasis, speech). 
Echolalia. 
Echos, ek'os. Sound; tinnitus aurium. 
Echoscope, ek'o-skope (echo, sound, skopeo, to ex- 
amine). Auscultation. 
Echoscopium, ek-o-skop'e-um. Stethoscope. 
Echthysterocyesis, ek-this-ter-o-se-a'sis (hustera, 
uterus, kuesis, pregnancy). Pregnancy, extra-uterine. 
Echtysterus (ek-tis'ter-us) or Ectliys'terns (ektos, 
out, hustera, uterus). Relating to extra-uterine preg- 
nancy. 
Eclactisma, ek-lak-tiz'mah (eklaktizo, to kick). 
Epilepsy; convulsions. 
Eclampsia, ek-lamp'se-ah (ec, lampo, to shine). 
Brilliancy; flashes of light before the eyes; con- 
vulsion, as the convulsions of children (probably 
ek, lambano, to seize hold of). E. gravlda'rum et 
parturien'tium, puerperal convulsions; convulsions 
of pregnant and parturient women. E. infantum, see 
Eclampsia. E. nu'tans, convulsion with bowing of 
the head; convulsion, salaam. E. typho'des, con- 
vulsive disease, a form of ergotism; see Raphania. 
Eclampsic (ek-lamp'sik) or Eclamptic, ek-lamp'tik. 
Relating to or suffering with eclampsia. 
Eclectic (ek-lek'tik) physicians (eklektikos, select- 
ing, ek, lego, to choose). Sect of physicians who 
professed to choose from other sects all the opin- 
ions which appeared to them best founded. The doc- 
trine was called Eclectism, Eclecticism, Medicina eclec- 
tica, Eclectic medicine. Every judicious physician 
must really be an eclectic in the sense alluded to, but 
the term Eclectic is frequently applied in the United 
States to one who chooses to adopt exclusive views- 
the so-called eclectic physicians generally belonging 
to the class of botanical physicians. 
Eclectism (ek-lek'tizm) or Eclecticism. See Ec- 
lectic. 
Eclectus (eklektos) ek-lek'tus (ec, leicho, to lick). 
Medicine of a thick, syrupy consistence, chiefly used 
to allay cough, and consisting of pectoral remedies. 
Although the linctus is usually exhibited in thor- 
acic affections, it may have tonic virtues combined 
with it. 
361 
ECPYCTICA 
Eclegma, ek-leg'mah. Eclectus. E. al'bum, looch 
album. E. gummo'so-oleo'sum, looch album. 
Eclepisis, ek-lep'is-is (ec, lepis, scale). Desquama- 
tion, exfoliation. 
Eclepisitrepanon, ek-lep-is-e-trep'an-on (eklepisis, 
trupanon, trepan). Exfoliative trepan. 
Ecligma, ek-lig'mah. Eclectos. 
Eclimia, ek-lim'e-ah (ec, limos, hunger). Inordinate 
appetite. 
Eclipsis, ek-lip'sis (ec, leipo, to leave). Syncope. 
Eclyses, ek'lis-ees (pl. of Eclysis). Adynamise. 
Eclysis, ek'lis-is (ekluo, to loosen). Resolution, 
prostration of strength, faintness. E. pneumocar- 
di'aca, asphyxia. 
Ecmne'sia. Loss of memory of events from a cer- 
tain date, memory of preceding events remaining 
intact. 
Ecmyzesis, ek-miz-a'sis (ekmuzao, to'suck out). The 
action of sucking. 
Ecncea, ek-ne'ah (eknoia, ec, noos, mind). Dementia. 
Economy, e-kon'o-me (oikonomia, oikos, a house, 
family, nemo, to rule). By the term animal economy 
is understood the aggregate of the laws governing 
the organism. The word economy is also used for the 
aggregate of parts constituting man or animals. 
Ecouvillonage (F.). Introduction of remedies into 
the uterus by a brush. 
Ecphlogosis, ek-flo-go'sis (phlogoo, to set on fire). 
Inflammation. 
Ecphlysis, ek'flis-is (phluo, to boil). Vesicula. 
E. ecze'ma, eczema. E. her'pes, herpes. E. her'pes 
circina'tus, herpes circinatus. E. her'pes ex'edens, 
herpes exedens. E. her'pes milia'ris, herpes phlyc- 
tenodes. E. her'pes zos'ter, herpes zoster. E. pom'- 
pholyx, pompholyx. E. rhy'pia, rupia. 
Ecphractic, ek-frak'tik (ekphraktikos). Removing 
obstruction. 
Ecphraxis, ek-fraks'is (ekphrasso, to remove obstruc- 
tion). Action of ecphractic or deobstruent remedies. 
Ecphronia, ek-fron'e-ah (phren, mind). Insanity. 
E. ma'nia, mania. E. melancho'lia, melancholy. 
Ecphyas, ek'fe-as (ekphuo, to grow). Appendix 
vermiformis cseci. 
Ecphyma, ek-fe'mah (ekphuo, to grow). Excres- 
cence, tumor. E. cal'lus, callosity. E. carun'cula, 
caruncle. E. cla'vus, corn. E. molluscifor'me, 
molluscum fibrosum. E. oedemat'icum, oedema, 
phlegmasia dolens. E. physco'nia, physconia. E. 
tricho'ma, plica. E. verru'ca, verruca. 
Ecphymata, ek-fe'mat-ah (pl. of Ecphyma). Ru- 
beola. 
Ecphysesis, ek-fis-e'sis (from ekphusao, to breathe 
through). Quick and forced expulsion of air from 
the lungs. 
Ecphysis, ek'fis-is (ekphuo, to grow). Apophysis. 
E. ventric'uli, duodenum. 
Ecplesma, ek-pe-es'mah (ec, piezo, to compress). Im- 
paction. Fracture of the cranium, with depression 
of the fragments and compression of the brain. 
Ecpiesmus, ek-pe-es'mus. Forcing of the eye from 
the orbitar cavity, with apparent but not real aug- 
mentation of the organ. See Exophthalmia. 
Ecpleroma, ek-pler-o'mah (ec, pleroo, to fill). Cush- 
ion or pad. Small pad or ball of leather or other sub- 
stance intended to fill the hollow of the arm-pit; 
used probably in reducing luxations of the shoulder. 
Ecplexia, ek-pleks'e-ah (ekplesso, to stun). Stupor. 
Ecplexis, ek-pleks'is. Stupor. 
Ecpneumatosis, ek-nu-mat-o'sis (pneuma, air). Ex- 
piration. 
Ecpneusis, ek-nu'sis. Expiration. 
Ecpnoe, ek'no-e. Expiration. 
Ecptoma, ek-to'mah (ec, pipto, to fall out). This 
word has been used synonymously with luxation; 
also for the separation of gangrenous parts; expulsion 
of the secundines, prolapsus of the womb, and intes- 
tinal or omental hernia. 
Ecptosis, ek-to'sis. Luxation. 
Ecpyctica, ek-pik'te-kah (pukazo, to thicken). Med- 
icines which are supposed to thicken the humors or 
fluids of the body. ECPYEMA 
Ecpyema, ek-pe-a'mah (ec, puon, pus). Abscess, 
suppuration, empyema. 
Ecpyesis, ek-pe-a'sis. Abscess, empyema, pustule. 
E. ecthy'ma, ecthyma. E. impeti'go, impetigo. E. 
porri'go, porrigo. E. porri'go Crustacea, porrigo 
larvalis. E. porri'go favo'sa, porrigo favosa. E. 
porri'go furfura'cea, porrigo furfurans. E. porri'go 
galea'ta, porrigo scutulata. E. porri'go lupino'sa, 
porrigo lupinosa. E. sca'bies, psora. 
Ecpyetic, ek-pe-et'ik. Suppurative. 
Ecraseur (F.) a-kras-ur' (ecraser, to crush). A crush- 
er. Surgical instrument invented by M. Chassaignac 
of Paris, consisting of a wire rope or steel chain at- 
tached at both ends to a steel mandril which passes 
through a hollow steel cylinder. The tightening of 
the chain is made slowly and with great force, and 
the slow bruising it makes is rarely followed by 
hemorrhage, even in the case of hemorrhoids and 
other vascular tumors. The operation with the ecra- 
seur has been termed ecrasement or dry amputation. 
Ecrexis, ek-reks'is (ec, regnumi, to break). Rupture, 
laceration. 
Ecrhythmus, ek-rith'mus (ec, rhuthmos, rhythm). 
Out of rhythm; applied to the pulse, particularly 
when irregular. 
Ecroe, ek'ro-e (rhoe, flow). Discharge. 
Ecrysis, ek'ris-is (efcreo, to run from). Discharge. 
Ecsarcoma, ek-sar-ko'mah (ec, sarx, flesh). Fleshy 
excrescence of various kinds. See Fungosity and 
Sarcoma. 
Ecsesma, ek-ses'mah. Eczema. 
Ecstaltic, ek - stal' tik. Name given to nervous 
activity from the spinal centre. 
Ecstasis, ek'stas-is (ec, histemi, to place, to be beside 
one's self). State in which certain ideas so com- 
pletely absorb the mind that the external sensations 
are suspended, voluntary movements arrested, and 
even the vital actions retarded. In catalepsy there 
is, in addition, complete suspension of the intellectual 
faculties-a condition generally described as trance. 
See Luxation. 
Ec'stasy. Ecstasis. 
Ecstrophe, ek'strof-e. Extroversion of the blad- 
der. See Exstrophia. 
Ec'tad (ekt os, out of). Directed toward the surface 
of the body. 
Ectal, ek'tal (efctos). Relating to the exterior. 
Ectasia, ek-tah'se-ah. Aneurism. E. vena'rum, 
varix. 
Ectasis (ek'tas-is) or Ec'tasy (ec, teino, to stretch). 
Extension; expansion. E. i'ridis, extension or ex- 
pansion of the iris, occasioning diminution of the 
pupil. 
Ectasy, ek'tas-e. Ectasis. 
Ectental, ek-ten'tal (ektos, outward, entos, inward). 
Relating to the line of junction between ectoderm 
and entoderm. 
Ec'teron. External and internal epithelial layer. 
Ectexis, ek-teks'is (ec, telco, to melt). Colliquation. 
Ecthetobrephotropheum, ek-thet-o-bref-o-trof'e-um 
(ekthetos, placed out, brephotropheum). Foundling hos- 
pital. 
Ecthetotropheum, ek-thet-o-trof'e-um {ekthetos, 
placed out, tropheo, to nourish). Foundling hospital. 
Ecthllmma, ek-thlim'mah (ekthlibo, to express, to 
bruise). Attrition. Chafing or excoriation produced 
by external violence. 
Ecthlipsis, ek-thlip-sis. Expression. 
Ecthyma, ek-thi'mah (ekthuo, to break out). A 
papulous scale. A cutaneous eruption character- 
ized by large, round pustules, always distinct and 
seated upon an indurated and highly inflamed base, 
which soon break, and olive-brown incrustations are 
formed which adhere firmly to the skin and separate 
in time. Ecthymata are also hard, unequal tumors 
which appear transitorily on the skin. See Efflores- 
cence, Exanthem, and Pustule. E. antimonia'ie, ec- 
thymatous eruption from contact with antimony. 
E. bullo'sum, pustular syphiloderm. E. cachec'tl- 
cum, pompholyx epinyctis. E. febri'le, small-pox. 
E. gangrseno'sum, rupia escharotica. E. lu'ridum, 
362 
ECTOSTEAL 
purplish pustules of the aged. E. syphilit'icum, 
rupia. 
Ecthy'maform syph'ilide. See Syphilide. 
Ecthymatiform, ek-thi-mat'i-form. Resembling ec- 
thyma. 
Ecthymatodes, ek-thim-at-o'dees. Ecthymatiform. 
Ecthymosis, ek-thim-o'sis. Ecthyma. 
Ecthysterocye'sis (ecto, hustera, uterus, kuesis, preg- 
nancy). Pregnancy, extra-uterine. 
Ectlllot'ic (ec, tillo, to pluck). Depilatory. 
Ectil'mus. Evulsion. 
Ectme'sis (ec, tmesis, cutting). Excision. 
Eczto (efctos, outside). As a prefix, outside. 
Ec'toblast (ecto, blastos, germ). Ectoderm. Wall of 
a cell. See Cytoblast and Molecule. 
Ectocar'dia (ecto, kardia, heart). Dislocation or 
malposition of the heart. From the nature of the 
misplacement it has been divided into E. cervicalis, 
E. pectoralis, and E. abdominalis. See Dexiocardia, 
Mesocardia, Cardiocele. 
Ectocondylar, ek-to-kon'dil-ar. Pertaining to the 
external condyle. E. ridge, ridge of the humerus. 
Ectocuneiform, ek-to-ku'ne-i-form. External cu- 
neiform. 
Ec'toderm (ecto, derma, skin). Exterior cell-mem- 
brane; ectoblast; epiblast. 
Ectodermic (ek-to-dur'mik) or Ectodermal, ek-to- 
duFmal. Pertaining to the ectoderm. 
Ectogenous, ek-toj'en-us (ecto, gennao, to engen- 
der). Possessing the power of developing without a 
host. 
Ectome, ek'to-me (ec, tome, incision). Castration; 
excision. 
Ectomere, ek'to-mere (ecto, meros, part). One of 
the cells due to segmentation which finally help to 
form the ectoderm. 
Ectom'ia. Castration. 
Ectom'ias. Castrated. 
Ec'tomon. Helleborus niger. 
Ec'tomos. Castrated. 
Ecto-orbital (ek-to-or'bit-al) or Ectorbital, ekt-or'- 
bit-al. Connected with or located upon the lateral 
portion of the orbits. 
Ectopa'gia (ecto, pegnumi, to put together). Genus 
of double monsters having a common umbilicus, com- 
prising those which are united laterally throughout 
the whole extent of the thorax; such a monster is 
called Ectop'agus. 
Ectopar'asites (ecto, parasite). Parasitic animals 
which infect the exterior of the body. 
Ec'tophyte or Ectoph'yton (ecto, phuton, vegetable). 
Vegetable parasite growing on the surface of the 
body. 
Ectop'ia (ec, topos, out of place). Morbid displace- 
ment of parts. See Luxation. E. a'ni, proctocele. E. 
cer'ebri, encephalocele. E. cor'dis, displacement, 
dislocation, or unnatural position of the heart. See 
Cardiocele. E. hernio'sa, hernia. E. intestino'rum, 
enterocele. E. len'tis, dislocation of the crystalline 
lens, which may take place into the vitreous humor, 
the anterior chamber, or under the conjunctiva. E. 
pulmo'num, pneumocele. E. sple'nis, splenectopia. 
E. vesi'cse, exstrophy of the bladder. 
Ectopic, ek-top'ik. Out of place. E. gesta'tion, 
extra-uterine pregnancy. E. menstrua'tion, vicari- 
ous menstruation. 
Ectoplasm, ek'to-plazm. Outer layer of a vegeta- 
ble cell. 
Ectoplastic, ek-to-plas'tik. Relating to ectoplasm. 
Ectopocys'tic (efctopos, out of place, kustis, bladder). 
Disease dependent upon displacement of the bladder. 
Ectopous, ek'to-pus. Ectopic. 
Ectoprot'ic. Eccoprotic. 
Ectosarc, ek'to-sark (ecto, sarx, flesh). Ectoplasm. 
Ectoskeletal, ek-to-skel'et-al. Relating to the ecto- 
skeleton. 
Ectoskeleton, ek-to-skel'et-on. Superficial or ex- 
ternal support of the animal body, as the skin, hairs, 
feathers, hoofs, etc. 
Ectosteal, ek-tos'te-al (ecto, osteon, bone). Relating 
to external surface of a bone. ECTOSTOSIS 
Ectostosis, ek-tos-to'sis (ecto, osteon, bone). Ossi- 
fication beginning within the perichondrium and 
reaching to the cartilage. 
Ectozo'a (sing. Ectozo'on) (ecto, soon, animal). Par- 
asitic animals infesting the exterior of the body, Der- 
matozoa, as lice-a term which, like Helminthia errat- 
ica, Pseudohelminthes, Pseudelminthes, and Pseudopara- 
sites, is applied also to worms or larves of insects that 
have been introduced into the intestinal canal by 
accident. The animalcules most frequently swal- 
lowed are the hair-worm, leech, grub of the fly, 
caddy insect, the larve of the bee, the spider, etc. 
In animals hots are produced by swallowing the ova 
of the oestrus or gad-fly. See Helminthia erratica. 
Ectrimma, ek-trim'mah (ec, tribo, to rub off). Ul- 
ceration of the skin, particularly from pressure of 
the bed on different parts of the body, after protracted 
confinement. 
Ectrodactylia, ek-tro-dak-til'e-ah (ektrosis, daktulos, 
finger). Malformation in which one or more fingers 
or toes are wanting. 
Ectrogeny, ek-troj'en-e (ektrosis, abortion, genesis, 
generation). Monstrosity by defect. 
Ectroma, ek-tro'mah. Abortion. 
Ectromeles, ek-tro'me-lees (ektrosis, abortion, melos, 
limb). Genus of monsters in which the limbs are 
nearly or altogether deficient, as in the ordinary 
cetacea. The monster is called Ectrom' elus. 
Ectrope, ek'tro-pe (ec, trepo, to turn off, to divert). 
Any duct by which peccant or morbific matter was 
supposed to be drawn off. 
Ectropion (ek-tro'pe-on) or Ectro'pium. Eversion 
of the eyelids, so that they do not completely cover 
the globe of the eye; more common in the lower than 
the upper eyelid. It may be owing to the retraction 
of the skin after the cure of an ulcer, wound, or burn 
of the eyelid, or may depend on tumefaction or relax- 
ation of the conjunctiva. Removal of a portion of the 
conjunctiva will usually effect a cure; but many cases 
defy the efforts of art. The ancients called ectropion 
of the upper eyelid lag ophthalmia. E. of os u'teri, 
condition characterized by projection of the swollen 
and granulated mucous membrane from the gaping 
os uteri, particularly when a large speculum is intro- 
duced. E. vesi'cse, exstrophy of the bladder. 
Ectrosis (ek-tro'sis) or Ectrosmus, ek-tros'mus. 
Abortion. 
Ectrotic, ek-trot'ik (ectroma, ek, titrosko, to wound, 
abortion). Abortive. Applied to methods for pre- 
venting the development or causing the abortion of 
any disease-as of chancres by the use of caustic, 
small-pox pustules by the use of mercurial ointment, 
fevers, etc. 
Ectyloticus, ek-til-ot'ik-us (ec, tulos, protuberance). 
Catheretic. 
Ectympanosis, ek-tim-pah-no'sis. Tympanites. 
Eczem fluidum, ek'zem flu'id-um. See Eczema. 
Eczema, ek-ze'mah (ec, zeo, to boil out, to effervesce). 
Humid scall or tetter, Moist tetter, Running scall. Heat 
eruption. Eruption of small vesicles on various parts 
of the skin, usually set close or crowded together, with 
little or no inflammation around their bases, and un- 
attended by fever. The fluid of eczema Hebra calls 
Eczem fluidum. To eczema of the legs the term Fluxus 
salinus has occasionally been given, on account of 
the copious secretion from it. E. cap'itis, E. of the 
hairy scalp. E. epizodt'icum, foot-and-mouth dis- 
ease ; contagious, and accompanied with fever charac- 
terized by a vesicular eruption in the mouth and feet 
of cattle; may also attack human beings. E. ery- 
themato'sum, characterized by redness of the skin 
and exudation. E. of the face, at an advanced stage 
and occurring in young children, has been described 
under the names Crusta lactea and Porrigo larvalis. E. 
figura'tum, lesions are well defined. E. fis'sum, 
chronic eczema with a raw, red, exuding, and cracked 
surface. E. of the hair'y scalp, Eczema capitis, Vesic- 
ular scall, is often confounded with other affections 
under the names porrigo and tinea, which are pustu- 
lar, not vesicular, in their form. It occurs during denti- 
tion, and even afterward; the discharge is profuse 
363 
EF 
and apparently glutinous; it dries into crusts and 
mats the hair. The scalp gives evidence of inflam- 
matory excitement, and the lymphatic ganglions of 
the neck become inflamed and suppurate. E. hu'- 
mldum, moist eczema. E. hypertroph'icum, eczema 
with hypertrophy of cutaneous structures. A variety 
of humid scalled head, in which the secretion runs 
down upon the hairs and encloses them in little 
silvery particles or sheaths, is named Asbestos scall. 
E. ichoro'sum, chronic eczema attended with a free 
and irritating discharge. E. impetigino'des or im- 
petiginoi'des or impetigino'sum, Gall, Grocer's or 
Bricklayer's itch; eczema produced by the irritation 
of sugar or lime. E. infantile, porrigo larvalis. 
E. intertri'go, eczema aflecting parts of the body 
which come into contact with each other, as about 
the joints, the inner surface of the nates, in the 
groins, and beneath the mammse. E. labia'le, ec- 
zema of the lips with small pustules. E. lot'ricum, 
eczema of the hands; washerwoman's itch. E. mad'- 
idans, eczema rubrum. E. mamilla'rum, eczema of 
the nipples. E. margina'tum, eruption at the inner 
part of the thigh; but different diseases-as inter- 
trigo, superficial ringworm, lepra vulgaris, etc.-are 
probably included under it. E. mercuria'le, Mercu- 
rial lepra or rash ; variety of eczema arising from the 
irritation of mercury. E. muco'sum, eczema in which 
the lesions have a similar appearance to mucous mem- 
brane. E. neuro'sum, variety of eczema accompanied 
with pain and great sensibility of the skin. E. neuro- 
traumat'icum, eczema due to injury to a nerve. E. 
nummula're, form of eczema in which the lesions 
are shaped like coins. E. pustulo'sum, impetigo. 
E. rimo'sum, eczema fissum. E. ru'brum, an inflam- 
matory form of eczema. E. sclero'sum, eczema ac- 
companied with cutaneous hardening. E. sic'cum, 
eczema unaccompanied by discharge. E. sim'plex, 
eczema. E. sola're, eczema following exposure to the 
sun. E. squamo'sum, chronic eczema accompanied 
with continuous scaliness or even crustiness. E. tu- 
berculo'sum, form of eczema characterized by eleva- 
tions in shape of tubercles on the skin. E. vesiculo'- 
sum, eczema characterized by very numerous vesicles, 
which become filled with fluid and accompanied with 
intense itching after the vesicles rupture; the fluid 
spreads over the surface and dries into crusts. 
Eczematoses, ek-zem-at-o'sees. Family of diseases 
including morbid conditions of the cutaneous secre- 
tions, as the perspiration, sebaceous and coloring mat- 
ters, etc. 
Eczematous, ek-zem'at-us. Eelating or appertain- 
ing to eczema. 
Eczesis, ek'ze-sis. Effervescence. 
Eczesma, ek-zes'mah. Eczema; lichen tropicus. 
Edacity, e-das'it-e. Voracity; gluttony. 
Edda-padelle. Ophthalmia occurring in epidemic 
form in Malabar. 
Ed'does. See Arum esculentum. 
Edematous, e-dem'at-us. (Edematous. 
Edenta'tion (e, dens, tooth). Deprivation of teeth. 
Edentatus (e-den-tat'us) or Eden'tate. Without 
teeth. 
Edentuli, e-den'tu-le. Persons devoid of teeth. 
Edentulous (e-den'tu-lus) or Eden'tated (e, dens, 
tooth). Without teeth. 
Edera, ed'er-ah. Hedera helix. 
Edge'weed. (Enanthe phellandrium. 
Edible, ed'i-b'l (edo, to eat, habilis, able). Esculent. 
Edoceph'alus (aidoia, sexual organs, kephale, head). 
Monster which has the two ears near each other or 
united under the head, the jaws atrophied, no mouth, 
and above the eye a tube or proboscis resembling a 
penis. 
Edulcoration, e-dul-ko-ra'shun (e, dulcis, sweet). 
Operation for depriving a substance of its acrid and 
disagreeable taste, or at least for disguising it; also 
the addition of a saccharine substance to a medicine 
to modify its taste. 
Edulis, ed-u'lis. Eatable. 
Eelgrass. See Pila marina. 
Ef, as a prefix, like e and ex. EFFEMI NATION 
Effemina'tion (ef, fcemina, female). In the male, 
change of feeling or inclination, as of a sexual cha- 
racter, to those of the female; in the female, loss of 
feminine characteristics or qualities. 
Efferent, ef'fer-ent (e, fero, to carry, to transport). 
Centrifugal; exodic; conveying outward, as from the 
centre to the periphery. Vasa efferentia are lymph- 
atic or chyliferous vessels issuing from the glands 
to convey their lymph to the thoracic duct; those 
which pass to these glands have been termed vasa 
afferentia or inferentia. Also nerves that convey the 
nervous influence from the nervous centres to the 
circumference. See Afferent. At the upper extremity 
of the mediastinum testis the ducts of the rete testis 
terminate in from nine to thirty small ducts, called 
vasa efferentia or excretoria or Graafiana, which form 
the coni vasculosi. 
Effervescence, ef-fur-ves'sence (ef, fervesco, to 
grow hot). Agitation produced by the escape of gas 
through a liquid, independently of the heat of the 
mixture, as from the mixture of acetic acid and car- 
bonate of potassium. In the language of the humor- 
ists, it expresses a sort of ebullition in the fluids of 
the living body, produced by elevation of temperature 
or by reaction on each other of the principles con- 
tained in the fluids in circulation. 
Efferves'cent eit'ro-tar'trate of so'dium. Sodii 
citro-tartras effervescens. 
Effervescing draught. Prepared by neutralizing 
an aqueous solution of potassium bicarbonate with 
lemon-juice. E. magne'sium cii/rate, granulated 
citrate of magnesium. Dose, E. pow'ders, 
see Powders, effervescing. 
Effetus, ef-fe'tus (ef, fetus or foetus, producing). 
Impoverished. 
Effila, ef'fil-ah. Ephelides. 
Efflation, ef-fla'shun. Quick and forced expulsion 
of air from the lungs. 
Efflatus, ef-flat'us (ef, flo, to blow). Quick and 
forced expulsion of air from the lungs. 
Effleurage (Fr.). Gentle shampooing or rubbing of 
the surface. See Massage. 
Effloratio, ef-flor-ah'she-o (ef, floreo, to bloom). Ex- 
anthem. 
Efflorescence, ef-flor-es'sence (ef, floresco, to bloom 
as a flower). Exanthem; cutaneous blush; conversion 
of a solid substance into a pulverulent state by ex- 
posure to the air; in salts, generally owing to the 
loss of a part of their water of crystallization. 
Efflorescentia, ef-flor-es-sen'she-ah. Efflorescence; 
exanthem. 
Efflorescent!®, ef-flor-es-sen'she-a. Generic name 
including all the exanthemata in which there is 
tumefaction of skin tissue. 
Effluvium, ef-flu've-um (ef, fluo, to flow). Emana- 
tion from persons or things, often offensive. E. lat- 
rina'rium, ammoniacal emanation from latrines or 
privies. E. palus'tre, miasm, marsh. E. pilo'rum, 
alopecia. 
Effluxion, ef-fluks'yun. See Abortion. 
Effort, ef'fort (ef, fortis, strong). Muscular contrac- 
tion of greater or less strength to resist an external 
force, or to accomplish a function which has become 
naturally laborious, as the act of pushing away or of 
drawing a body toward us, the painful efforts of the 
mother to expel the foetus, etc. 
Effossio, ef-fos'se-o (ef, fodio, to dig). Exhuma- 
tion. 
Effraction, ef-frak'shun. Breaking through. 
Effractura, ef-frak-tu'rah (ef, frango, to break). 
Fracture. E. cran'ii, fracture of the cranium with 
depression. 
Effrenitatio, ef-fren-e-tah'she-o (effrenus, unbridled). 
Excessive purgation. 
Effusio, ef-fu'zhe-o. Effusion. E. sem'inls, ejacu- 
lation. 
Effusion, ef-fu'shun (ef, fundo, to pour out). The 
pouring out of blood or of any other fluid into the 
areolar membrane or into the cavities of the body; 
effusion of serum or of coagulable lymph, for instance, 
is a common result of inflammation of serous mem- 
364 
EJACULATOR 
branes. Infiltration is the term generally employed 
for effusion into the areolar membrane. 
Egeria, e-ge're-ah. In ancient mythology, a nymph, 
by some supposed to have been identical with Lucina, 
to whom pregnant females offered sacrifices wi concep- 
tus alvus fadlius egeretur. 
Eger'sis (waking). Intense wakefulness. 
Egertic, e-jer'tik. Arousing, stimulating. 
Egesta, e-jes'tah (e, gero, to carry). See Excretion. 
Egestas, e-jes'tas. Want. 
Egestion, e-jest'shun. Defecation, dejection, excre- 
tion. 
Egg (Sax. seg). Ovum. E. albu'men, albumen ovi. 
E. bed, ovarium. E. bran'dy, see Ovum. E. plant, 
Solanum melongena. E., white of, albumen ovi. E., 
yolk of, see Ovum. 
Egg-albu'men. Albumen ovi. 
Egg-cell. See Ova. E.-c. nu'cleus, nucleus of 
egg-cell prior to maturation. 
Egg-shell. Testa ovi. See Membrana putaminis. 
Egg-tubes. Tubes of the ovaries. 
Egobronchophony, e-go-bron-kof'o-ne. See Egoph- 
ony. 
Egophonic e-go-fon'ik. Having the character of, 
or relating to, egophony. 
Egophony, e-gof'on-e {aix, goat, phone, voice). 
Goat's voice, Bleating voice. Resonance of the voice 
heard through the stethoscope when we examine the 
chest of one laboring under moderate effusion into 
one of the pleurae. The voice which strikes the ear 
through the cylinder is more sharp and harsh than 
usual, and tremulous and broken, like that of the goat. 
By some the bronchial and bleating voice {egobron- 
chophony) is regarded as a symptom of pleuropneumo- 
nia. Egophony exists, however, in cases of hepatiza- 
tion where there is no pleural disease. 
Egregorsis, e - greg - or'sis {egregoreo, to watch). 
Watchfulness ; morbid want of sleep. 
Egressus (e-gres'sus) ventric'uli. Pylorus. 
Egritude, e'gre-tude (leger, sick). Disease. 
Egyptian chloro'sis. See Chlorosis. E. ophthal'- 
mia, see Ophthalmia. E. o'pium, commercial variety 
of opium from Egypt, of inferior quality. 
Ehrenrit'ter's gan'glion. Ganglion jugulare. 
Ehr'lich's meth'od. Method employed for stain- 
ing tubercle bacilli with methyl violet; nitric acid is 
then used for decolorization. E.'s reac'tion in ty'- 
phoid fe'ver. See Diazo-reaction. 
Eich'horst's cor'puscles. Microcytic formation in 
the blood in pernicious anaemia. 
Eich'stedt's disease. Pityriasis versicolor. 
Eidoptometry, i-dop-tom'et-re. Measurement of 
acuteness of vision. 
Eidos, i'dos (form, resemblance). The ei is some- 
times changed into o at the termination of a word. 
Thus Haematodes for Hcematoides. 
Eilamides, i-lam'id-ees {eileo, to involve). Meninges 
or membranes. 
Eilema, i-la'mah {eileo, to roll, convolution). Fixed 
pain in some portion of the intestinal canal, like that 
which would be produced by a nail driven into the 
part. 
Eileon, i'le-on. Ileon. 
Eileus, i'le-us. Ileus. 
Eiloid, i'loid {eileo, to roll, eidos). Morbid growth 
of the cutis, coiled or folded. 
Eisanthema, ise-an-tha'mah {eis, anthema, efflores- 
cence). Eruption on a mucous membrane; aphthae, 
for example. 
Eisbole, ise'bo-le {eis, within, ballo, to throw). At- 
tack ; injection. 
Eispnoe, ise'no-e {eis, within, pneo, to breathe). In- 
spiration. 
Ejaculatio, e-jak-u-la'she-o. Ejaculation. E. sem'- 
inis impedi'ta, slow emission of sperm. 
Ejaculation, e-jak-u-la'shun {e,jaculor, to throw out). 
Vulg. Spending. Emission of sperm. That occurring 
during coition has also been termed insemination. Act 
by which the fluid is projected out of the urethra, 
E. cen'tre, see Centre. 
Ejaculator, e-jak'u-la-tor. That which effects the EJACULATORY 
emission of sperm. See Transversus perinsei. E. 
sem'inis, accelerator urinie. E. ure'thrae, see Trans- 
versus perinsei. E. uri'nae, bulbo-cavernosus. 
Ejaculatory, e-jak'u-la-to-re. Concerned in the 
ejaculation of sperm. E. ducts or canals' are formed 
by union of the vasa deferentia with the ducts of the 
vesicuke seminales. They open at the lateral and 
anterior parts of the verumontanum, and convey into 
the urethra the sperm which is discharged from the 
vesicular, as well as that which comes directly from 
the testicle by the vas deferens. Between them there 
is often a depression, sometimes of a large size, which 
is termed Utriculus, Sinus pocularis, or Weberian organ 
or corpuscle or vesicle; regarded as the analogue to 
the uterus, and hence called uterus masculinus. 
Ejectio, e-jek'she-o. Ejection ; excretion. E. fse'- 
cum, defecation. 
Ejection, e-jek'shun (e, jacio, to throw out or eject). 
Excretion of feces, urine, sputa, etc. 
Ek'thyma. Ecthyma. 
Elaboration, e-lab-or-a'shun (e, laboro, to work). 
Changes which assimilable substances undergo, 
through the action of living organs, before they are 
capable of serving for nutrition. The food is elabor- 
ated in the stomach during the formation of chyme; 
the chyme in the small intestine before it is chyle, etc. 
Elsea, el-e'ah (elaia). The olive. 
Elseagnus, el-a-ag'nus (elaia, olive, agnos, chaste). 
Myrica gale. E. cor'do, Myrica gale. 
Elseerin, el-e'er-in (elaion, oil, erion, wool). Oil of 
sheep's wool, called by raisers of sheep " yolk." 
Elaeocarpus copailiferus, el-e-o-kar'pus ko-pal- 
lif'er-us (elaia, olive, karpos, fruit). Copal. 
Elseolate, el-e'ol-ate. Liquid in which a volatile oil 
forms the base. 
Elaeomeli, el-e-om' el-e (el icon, meli, honey). Oil 
thicker than honey, and of a sweet taste, flowing from 
the trunk of a tree in Syria; acrid and purgative. 
Elaeometer, el-e-om'et-ur (elseon, metron, measure). 
Very delicate glass hydrometer, for testing the purity 
of olive or almond oil by determining its density. 
Elaeon, el-e'on (elaion). Oil. 
Elaeophanes, el-e-of 'an-ees (eleeon, phainomai, to ap- 
pear). Having the appearance of oil. 
Elaeoptene, el-e-op'teen (elaion, oil, ptenos, volatile). 
That portion of oxygenated volatile oils remaining 
after the stearopten has been separated. 
Elaeosaccharum, el-e-o-sak'kar-um (eleeon, sakchari, 
sugar). Medicine composed of essential oil and sugar. 
Elaeothesion, el-e-o-thes'e-on (eleeon, thesis, the act 
of putting or placing). Oil chamber in the ancient 
gymnasia, where the body was rubbed with oil. 
Elaidin, el-a'id-in. Substance isomeric with olein, 
obtained by exposing olive or castor oil to action of 
nitric acid. 
Elain, el-ah'in (elaion, oil). Eleoptene. See Fat. 
Elais Guineensis, el-a'is gin-e-en'sis (elsea). See 
Cocos butyracea. E. occidenta'lis, see Cocos butyracea. 
Elaldehyde, el-al'de-hide. Paraldehyde. 
Elaphoboscum, el-af-o-bos'kum (elaphos, deer, bosko, 
to eat). Pastinaca sativa. 
Elaphomyces granulatus, el-af-om'e-sees gran-u- 
lat'us (elaphos, stag, mukes, fungus). Hart's truffles, 
Deer balls, Lycoperdon nuts. Fungus formerly used in 
the preparation of Balsamus apoplecticus, and to pro- 
mote labor and the secretion of milk; also as an 
aphrodisiac. 
Elaphrium elemiferum, el-af 're-um el-e-mif'er-um 
(elaphos, light). See Amyris elemifera. E. tomento'- 
sum, Fagara octandra. 
Elapsus, e-lap'sus (e, labor, to fall). Luxation. 
Elasma, el-as'mah (elauno, to impel). Clyster pipe. 
Elastes, el-as'tes (a driver). Elasticity. 
Elastic, e-las'tik. Possessing elasticity. E. band'age, 
see Bandage, elastic, and B., Esmarck's. E. lam'ina, 
poste'rior, see Lamina, elastic. E. lay'er of cor'nea, 
ante'rior, see Lamina, elastic. E. mem'brane or 
tis'sue, variety of connective tissue; see Membrane. 
Elasticity, e - las - tis' it - e (elauno, to impel, elastes, 
driver). Tone, Tonicity. Property by which certain 
bodies return to their proper size and shape, where 
365 
ELECTRICITY 
these have been modified by pressure or otherwise, if 
only the violence to which they have been subjected 
be not beyond their specific limit of elasticity. 
Elastin, e-las'tin. Peculiar substance from the con- 
tinued action of boiling water on yellow elastic tissue. 
Elate, el'at-e. Pinus picea. E. thelei'a, Finns 
rubra. 
Elater, el'at-ur. Elasticity. 
Elater'ic ac'id. Acid obtained from elaterium. 
Elaterid, el-at'er-id. Bitter principle found in Ec- 
ballium elaterium. 
Elaterin, el-at'er-in. See Momordiea elaterium. 
Elaterinuni, el-at-er-e'num. See Momordica elate- 
rium. 
Elaterium, el-at-e're-um {elater, driver). Extrac- 
tum elaterii, Momordica elaterium. E. cordifo'lium, 
Momordica elaterium. 
Elates, el'at-ees. Elasticity. 
El'atin. See Momordica elaterium. 
Elatine, el-at'in-e. Antirhinum elatine. E. cym- 
bala'ria, Antirhinum linaria. E. hasta'ta, Antirhi- 
num elatine. 
Elbow, el'bo (Sax. elboga). The bend of the ulna ; 
literally, the angle formed by the union of two 
straight bodies, but particularly applied to the articu- 
lation of the arm with the forearm, and especially to 
the projection of the olecranon process at the back 
part of the joint. The anterior part of the joint is 
the bend of the elbow. E., mi'ner's, see Miner's elbow. 
Elcoma, el-ko'mah. Ulcer. 
Elcoplasty, el'ko-plas-te. Operation for healing an 
ulcer by grafting or plastic operation. 
Elcosis el-ko'sis {helkos, ulcer, osis). Ulceration 
in general; ulcer; deep ulceration of the cornea 
from a blow or violent inflammation; a state of the 
body in which there are obstinate ulcerations com- 
plicated with caries, putrescency, low fever, etc. 
Elcuster, el-kus'ter {helkuo, to draw). Crotchet for 
extraction of the foetus. 
Elder, el'dur. Sambucus. E. ber'ries, see Sambu- 
cus. E., com'mon, S. Canadensis. E., dwarf, Aralia 
hispida, Sambucus ebulus. E. flow'ers, see Sambucus. 
E. f. wa'ter, see Sambucus. E., prick'ly, Aralia spi- 
nosa. E., red'berried, Sambucus pubens. 
Elecampane, el-e-kam-pane'. Inula campana, Inula 
helenium. 
Electarium, el-ek-tah're-um. Electuarium. 
Electary, el-ek'ta-re. Electuarium. 
Elective, e-lek'tiv. Term used in chemistry; show- 
ing a preference. 
Electric (e-lek'trik) or Electrical, e-lek'trik-al. 
Eelating to electricity. E. bath, see Electricity. E. 
chore'a, see Chorea, electric, and Dzibini's disease. 
Electric'ian. One skilled in the study or appli- 
cation of electricity. 
Electricitas, e-lek-tris'it-as. Electricity. E. ani- 
ma'lis, galvan'ica, or metal'lica, galvanism. 
Electricity, e-lek-tris'it-e {elektron, amber, the sub- 
stance in which it was first noticed). A physical 
force manifested in several forms, as magnetism, static 
electricity or franklinism, dynamic electricity-as 
galvanism or faradism-and thermo-electricity. Elec- 
tricity is used medicinally as an excitant in paralysis, 
rheumatism, deafness, amaurosis, amenorrhoea, uterine 
disease, etc. The electric bath consists in placing the 
patient upon an insulated stool and connecting him 
with the prime conductor, of which he thus becomes 
a part; the fluid may be communicated by points, 
sparks, or by shocks, according to the required inten- 
sity. See Electrization. A hot-air or vapor elec- 
tric bath is also employed. E., chem'ical, galvanism. 
E., con'tact, galvanism. E., farad'ic, induced elec- 
tricity. E., franklin'ic, static electricity. E., fric'- 
tional, electricity due to friction. E., galvan'ic, 
static electricity. E., induc'tive, electricity pro- 
duced in the primary or secondary coil of an induc- 
tion apparatus. E., localiza'tion by, electro-diagno- 
sis. E., magnet'ic, electro-magnetism. E., med'- 
ical, application of electricity to medical practice. 
E., stat'ic or stat'ical, electricity due to friction 
developed by means of the plate, cylinder, or Holtz ELECTRIFY 
machine, and applied in neuralgia, hysteria, paralysis, 
and various neuroses. E., volta'ic, galvanism. 
Electrify, e-lek'tre-fi. Electrize. To produce the 
electrical condition in a body or to render it suscep- 
tible of producing electrical phenomena; term espe- 
cially applicable to static electricity, electrolize being 
the more proper term to use of current electricity. 
Electrify is often used to signify the act of commu- 
nicating the electric fluid to man. 
Electrization, e-lek-tre-za'shun. Medical applica- 
tion of electricity. Localized electrization consists in 
concentrating the electric action in particular parts 
without electro-puncture or any surgical operation. 
Electrization may also be employed for diagnostic 
purposes, diverse morbid conditions acting differently 
in response to it. See Galvanization, localized. 
Electro, e-lek'tro. As a prefix, electricity. 
Electro-biology, e-lek'tro-bi-ol'o-je. Science of 
animal electricity. 
Electro-bioscopy, e-lek'tro-bi-os'kop-e. Applica- 
tion of electricity to know whether life is extinct. 
Electro-chemistry, e-lek'tro-kem'is-tre. Science 
pertaining to chemical effects of electricity. 
Elec'tro-contractility. Power possessed by mus- 
cles of being excited to contractions by electricity. 
Electro-cystos'copy (electro, kustis, bladder, skopeo, 
to see). Examination of the bladder by aid of elec- 
tricity. 
Electrode, e-lek'trode (electro, hodos, way). Poles of 
a galvanic battery are called electrodes. Rheophore. 
Electrodes, e-lek-tro'dees (elektron, amber). Epi- 
thet for evacuations which shine like amber. 
Elec'tro-diagno'sis. Diagnostic use of a current of 
electricity. In this both galvanic and faradic cur- 
rents are used, the choice depending on circumstances, 
the principal diagnosis by it being for paralysis, 
although doubtless it could be extended with ad- 
vantage to other affections. Electricity is a means 
of diagnosis in the localization of lesions of the ner- 
vous system. See Localization by electricity. 
Electro-dynamometer, e-lek'tro-di-nam-om'et-ur 
(elektron, dunamis, force, metron, measure). Apparatus 
for estimating the force of electric currents. 
Electro-genesis, e-lek'tro-jen'es-is. Production of 
electricity. 
Electro-lithotrity, e-lek-tro-lith-ot'rit-e. Disinte- 
gration of calculi in the bladder by mechanical force 
of electrical discharge appropriately applied. 
Electrolysis, e-lek-trol'is-is (electro, lusis, solution). 
Decomposition by the electric current. 
Electrolyte, e-lek'tro-lite. Fluid so constituted that 
by the passage of the electric current through it it is 
decomposed. Substance analyzed by electricity. 
Electrolytic, e-lek-tro-lit'ik (electro, luo, to dissolve, 
to decompose). Relating or appertaining to electrol- 
ysis or chemical decomposition induced by electricity; 
as electrolytic treatment of tumors. 
Electrolyzation, e-lek-trol-iz-a'shun. Process by 
which, outside or inside of the body, inert or living 
matter, the phenomenon of electrolysis is effected. 
Electrolyze, e-lek'tro-lize. Application of current 
electricity in fluids in such manner as to make rapid 
chemical change by the phenomenon called electrol- 
ysis, the fluid being, if so capable of change, known 
as an electrolyte. 
Electro-magnetism, e-lek'tro-mag'net-izm. That 
phenomenon of electricity which is exhibited in the 
conjoint action of electricity and magnetism. An 
electro-magnetic apparatus is used in cases of paraly- 
sis, or when a powerful excitant has to be applied to 
a part of the organism. 
Electro-massage, mas-sazh'. Use of electricity in 
connection with massage. 
Electrometer, e-lek-trom'et-ur. Instrument for 
measuring electro-motive force; volt-meter. Fa elec- 
tro-therapeutics, preferably milliampere-meter, in- 
strument for measuring potential, of static electricity. 
Electro-motive (e-lek'tro-mo'tiv) force (contracted 
E. M. F.). Force of current electricity according to 
potential. 
Electro-mus'cular. Relating to the action exerted 
366 
$ ELECTUARY 
by electricity on muscles. E.-m. contractility, see 
Electro-contractility. 
Elec'tro-neg'ative. Element appearing at pos- 
itive electrode in electrolysis. See Electro-positive. 
Electro-otiatrics, e-lek'tro-o-te-at'riks (elektro, ous, 
ear, iatreia, medical treatment). Applications of elec- 
tricity in treatment of aural affections. 
Electro-pathol'ogy. Diagnosis of disease by aid 
of electricity. 
Electroph'orus (elektro, phero, to carry). Instru- 
ment for producing electricity and repeating the 
charge by induction. 
Electro-physiology, e-lek'tro-fiz-e-ol'o-je. Physiol- 
ogy treating of the relations between function and 
electricity. 
Electroporus, e-lek-trop'or-us. Instrument for ac- 
cumulating a number of charges of static electricity. 
Electro-pos'itive. Element which appears at the 
negative electrode or pole in electrolysis. The fol- 
lowingsubstances-those generally employed-maybe 
mentioned in the order of electro-motive force, rang- 
ing from sodium, the most electro-positive, to carbon, 
the most electro-negative: sodium, magnesium, zinc, 
iron, lead, copper, silver, mercury, platinum, carbon. 
Electro-punctura'tion or Electro-puncture, e-lek'- 
tro-punk'ture. Electro-puncturation, Galvano-puncture. 
Operation of inserting two or more wires, and then 
connecting them to the electrodes of the electric or 
galvanic apparatus; employed therapeutically in 
cases in which electricity, galvanism, and acupunc- 
turation have been indicated. 
Electroscope, e-lek'tro-skope. Apparatus with 
which the presence of static electricity is detected, 
and its kind determined, whether plus or minus. 
Electro-sensibility, e-lek'tro-sen-si-bil'it-e. Sen- 
sibility of surfaces or organs developed by electricity. 
Electro-statics, e-lek'tro-stat'iks. Science of static 
electricity. 
Electrostixis, e-lek-tro-stiks'is (electro, stixis, punc- 
turation). Electro-puncture. 
Electro-surgery, e-lek'tro-sur'jer-e. Use of elec- 
tricity in surgery for generating heat of high inten- 
sity in surgical instruments, with reference to punc- 
ture, excision, and cauterization. 
Electro-therapeutics (e-lek-tro-ther-a-pyu'tiks) or 
Electro-therapy,elek-tro-ther'ah-pe (electro, therapeia). 
Treatment of disease by electricity. 
Electrotonic, e-lek-tro-ton'ik. Relating to elec- 
trotonus. 
Electrotonus, e-lek-trot'on-us. Electrotonic state. 
Peculiar condition of a motor nerve when a con- 
tinuous galvanic current of equable strength is passed 
along it. 
Electrum, e-lek'trum. Amber. 
Electuarium, e-lek-tu-ah're-um (eligo, to make 
choice). Electary, Electuary. Pharmaceutical com- 
position of a soft consistence, somewhat thicker than 
honey, and formed of powders, pulps, extracts, syrup, 
honey; confection. E. de al'oe, see Opiatum mesenteri- 
cum E. ape'riens, confectio sennae. E. aromat'i- 
cum, confectio aromatica. E. cas'siae, confectio cas- 
siae. E. cas'siae fis'tulae, confectio cassiae. E. cas'- 
siae sen'nae, confectio sennae. E. cassiae tamarind- 
a'tum or leniti'vum, confectio cassiae. E. cat'echu, 
confectio catechu compositum. E. catho'licum com- 
mu'ne, confectio sennae. E. cincho'nae, see Opiatum 
febrifugum. E. de cro'co emenda'tum, confectio hya- 
cinthi. E. dentifri'cium, dentifrice electuary. E. 
diapru'num, confectio sennae. E. diascor'dium, di- 
ascordium. E. eccoprot'icum, confectio sennas. E. 
de ki'nd ki'na, see Opiatum febrifugum. E. laxati'- 
vum, confectio cassiae. E. leniti'vum, confectio sennae. 
E. opia'tum, confectio opii. E. opia'tum astrin'gens, 
see Diascordium. E. pip'eris, confectio piperis. E. 
scammo'nii, confectio scammoniae. E. e scammo'- 
nio, confectio scammoniae. E. sen'nae, confectio sen- 
nae. E. sen'nae compos'itum, confectio sennae. E. 
sen'nae cum pul'pis, confectio sennae. E. sol'idum, 
tablet; see Tabella. E. theba'icum, confectio opii. 
Electuary, e-lek'tu-a-re. Electuarium. E., leni- 
tive, confectio sennae. ELEIDIN 5 
Eleidln, el-e'id-in. See Keratohyalin. 
Elelisphacus, el-el-is'fak-us. Salvia. 
Element, el'e-ment (akin to ancient eleo, for oleo, 
to grow). Simple, ultimate constituent or principle 
in the human body, forming the basis of a fibre or 
tissue. Also a constituent of a compound organ. 
Inorganic elements are simple principles. An organic 
element, proximate principle, or compound of organi- 
zation results from the union of certain inorganic 
elements; fibrin, albumen, casein etc. are organic 
elements. The following table gives the name of each 
inorganic element known, with the symbol and atomic 
weight. Many of them are important chemically or 
therapeutically, especially in their combinations 
(Brunton): 
367 
ELEPHANTOID 
Elementary (el-e-men'ta-re) cell. See Cell. 
Elementology, el-e-men-tol'o-je. The study of ele- 
ments ; also histology. 
El'ements, organ'ic. Principles, immediate. E., 
sar'cous, see Sarcous. 
Elementum, el-e-men'tum. Element. E. acidif'i- 
cum, oxygen. 
Elemi, el'em-e. See Amyris elemifera. 
Elemic acid, el-em'ik as'id. Acid in crystals pro- 
cured from elemi. 
Elenium, el-en'e-um. Inula helenium. 
Eleocharis palustris, el-e-o'kar-is pal-us'tris (helos, 
marsh, chairo, to delight in). Indigenous. Flower- 
ing tops, seeds, and roots are astringent in diarrhoea 
and hemorrhage. 
Eleoptene, el-e-op'teen (elaion, oil, ptenos, volatile). 
Liquid component of volatile oils. 
Eleoselinum, el-e-o-sel-e'num (helos, marsh, selinon, 
parsley). Apium petroselinum. 
El'ephant ap'ple. See Feronia elephantum. E.'s 
foot, Elephantopus tomentosa. E. leg, elephantiasis. 
Elephantia, el-e-fan'she-ah. Elephantiasis. E. alba, 
leprosy. 
Elephantiasis, el-e-fan-te'as-is. Ordinarily and 
generally applied to a condition in which the skin is 
thick, livid, rugous, tuberculate, and insensible to 
feeling. Various affections have been described 
under this name, by adding an epithet. E. ansesthet'- 
ica, lepra amesthetica, Anaesthetic leprosy. Form 
of elephantiasis with insensibility and atrophy. E. 
of the Antilles, Barbadoes leg, Glandular disease of 
Barbadoes, elephantiasis of many writers, Bucnemia, 
Boucnemia. Characterized by the leg being enor- 
mously tumid and misshapen; skin thickened, livid, 
and rugous, often scaly; the scrotum, arms, or other 
parts sometimes participating in the affection. Buc- 
nemia tropica, Cochin leg, is an affection of this kind 
E. Arab'ica or Ar'abum. The tubercles are chiefly 
on the face and joints. There is loss of hair, except 
on the scalp; voice is hoarse and nasal; the dis- 
ease is said to be contagious and hereditary; most 
frequently attacks the feet, and gives the lower ex- 
tremity a fancied resemblance to the leg of an ele- 
phant. The seat of the disease seems to be in the 
lymphatic vessels and glands and in the subcuta- 
neous areolar tissue, the inflammatory condition of 
which is accompanied with general morbid symp- 
toms. See Lepra. E. Asturien'sis, variety of ele- 
phantiasis; pellagra. E. of Cayenne, a variety of 
lepra, with red and yellow spots on the forehead, 
ears, hands, loins, etc., afterward extending and be- 
coming scaly, with deformity, particularly of the 
face ; ultimately producing cracks, ulcers, caries, and 
sometimes death. E. eczemato'sa, elephantiasis ac- 
companied with eczema. E. fus'ca, elephantiasis ac- 
companied with brown pigmentation. E. framboesi- 
oi'des, E. Arabica. E. giab'ra, anaesthetic leprosy. 
E. of the Greeks, Spedalkshed of Norway, true leprosy; 
probably the same disease as lepra. See Lepra. E. 
of In'dia, characterized by red, livid, or yellowish 
spots, slightly prominent, to which succeed indolent 
tumors in the areolar texture; the phalanges swell 
and become ulcerated ; the bones of the nose carious, 
the lips thickened, the body emaciated. It likewise 
belongs to lepra. E. Ital'ica, pellagra. E. of Java, 
a variety of lepra characterized by large white tu- 
mors on the toes and fingers, resembling scrofulous 
tumefactions which ulcerate, the ulcerations spread- 
ing from the extremities toward the trunk, destroy- 
ing even the bones. E. leonti'na, leontiasis. E. 
lymphangelecto'des, new skin growth accompanied 
with lymphangeiectasis. E. mu'tilans, lepra. E. 
ni'gricans or ni gra, elephantiasis -Arabica associated 
with excessive black pigmentation. E. sclero'sa, 
scleroderma. E. sim'plex, elephantiasis Arabica. E. 
syphilif/ica, elephantiasis accompanied with lym- 
phangeitis, due to syphilis. E. teleangeiecto'des, 
elephantiasis in which the blood-vessels are enlarged. 
E. tuberculo'sa, leprosy. 
Elephantoid, el-e-fan'toid (elephas, elephant, eidos, 
resemblance). Elephant-like. 
Table of Elements. 
Element. 
Symbol. 
Atomic 
Weight, 
B. P. 
Atomic 
Weight, 
U.S. P. 
Aluminium 
Al 
27.0 
27.0 
Antimony (Stibium) 
Sb 
120.0 
120.0 
Arsenic 
As 
75.0 
74.9 
Barium 
Ba 
137.0 
136.8 
Beryllium or Glucinum .... 
Be or G . 
9.0 
9.0 
Bismuth 
Bi 
209.0 
210.0 
Boron 
B . 
11.0 
11.0 
Bromine 
Br 
80.0 
79.8 
Cadmium 
Cd 
111.8 
111.8 
Caesium . 
Cs 
133.0 
132.6 
Calcium 
Ca 
40.0 
40.0 
Carbon 
C . 
12.0 
12.0 
Cerium 
Ce 
141.0 
141.0 
Chlorine 
Cl 
35.5 
35.4 
Chromium 
Cr 
52.5 
52.4 
Cobalt 
Columbium, vide Niobium. 
Copper (Cuprum) 
Co 
58.9 
58.9 
Cu 
63.4 
63.2 
Didymium 
Di 
145.4 
144.6 
Erbium 
Er or Eb 
or E . 
166.0 
165.9 
Fluorine 
F 
19.0 
19.0 
Gallium 
Ga 
70.0 
68.8 
Gold (Aurum) 
Glucinum, vide Beryllium. 
Au 
196.5 
196.2 
Holmium. 
Hydrogen 
H 
1.0 
1.0 
Indium 
In . 
113.4 
113.4 
Iodine 
I . 
127.0 
126.6 
Iridium 
Ir 
192.7 
192.7 
Iron (Ferrum) 
Fe 
56.0 
55.9 
Lanthanum 
La 
139.0 
138.5 
Lead (Plumbum) 
Pb 
207.0 
206.5 
Lithium 
Li 
7.0 
7.0 
Magnesium 
Mg 
24.0 
24.0 
Manganese 
Mn 
55.0 
54.0 
Mercury (Hydrargyrum) . . . 
Hg 
200.0 
199.7 
Molybdenum 
Mo 
95.5 
95.5 
Nickel 
Ni 
58.0 
58.0 
Niobium or Columbium .... 
Nb 
94.0 
94.0 
Nitrogen 
N 
14.0 
14.0 
Osmium 
Os 
198.5 
198.5 
Oxygen 
0 . 
16.0 
16.0 
Palladium 
Pd 
105.7 
105.7 
Phosphorus 
P . 
31.0 
31.0 
Platinum 
Pt 
195.0 
194.4 
Potassium (Kalium) 
K 
39.0 
39.0 
Rhodium .... 
Rh 
104.0 
104.1 
Rubidium 
Rb 
85.3 
85.3 
Ruthenium 
Ru 
104.2 
104.2 
Samarium 
Sm 
150.0 
Scandium 
Sc 
44.0 
44.0 
Selenium 
Se 
78.8 
78.8 
Silicon .... 
Si 
28.0 
28.0 
Silver (Argentum) 
Sodium (Natrium) 
Ag 
Na 
108.0 
23.0 
107.7 
23.0 
Strontium . . . 
Sr 
87.4 
87.4 
Sulphur 
S . 
32.0 
32.0 
Tantalum . . . 
Ta 
182.0 
182 0 
Tellurium 
Terbium. 
Te 
128.0 
128.0 
Thallium . . . 
T1 or Th 
203.7 
203.7 
Thorium 
Thulium. 
Th 
233.0 
233.0 
Tin (Stannum) . 
Sn 
118.0 
117.7 
Titanium . 
Ti 
49.8 
48.0 
Tungsten . . . 
W 
184.0 
183.6 
Uranium . 
U 
240.0 
238.5 
Vanadium 
V 
51.3 
51.3 
Ytterbium . 
Yb 
172.8 
172.7 
Yttrium . . . 
Y 
89.8 
89.8 
Zinc . . 
Zn 
65.0 
64.9 
Zirconium 
Zr 
90.0 
90.0 ELEPHANTOM MA 
Elephantomma, el-e-fan-tom'mah (elephas, elephant, 
omma, eye). Buphthalmia. 
Elephantopus, el-e-phan'to-pus (elephas, elephant, 
pous, foot). One affected with elephantiasis. E. to- 
mento'sa, herb ; diuretic, emetic, expectorant. 
El'ephant-skin disease. Elephantiasis. 
Elephantusia, el-e-fan-tu'se-ah (elephas, ivory). 
Phytelephas macrocarpa. 
Elephas, el'e-fas. Elephantiasis; ivory. 
Elettaria cardamomum, el-et-tah're-ah kar-dam-o'- 
mum. Amomum cardamomum; cardamomum. E. 
ma'jor, native plant of East India, considered to be 
a variety of Elettaria cardamomum; fruit furnishes 
long cardamoms. 
Eleutheria, el-u-the're-ah. Croton cascarilla. 
Elevatio uteri, el-e-vah'she-o u'ter-e. Ascent of the 
uterus, a displacement occasionally occurring in the 
unimpregnated state in connection with fibrous ute- 
rine and enlarged ovarian tumors. 
Elevator, el'e-va-tor (e, levo, to lift up). Muscle 
which raises the part into which it is inserted; also 
a kind of pessary. See Levator. Surgical instrument 
for raising depressed bone, for raising and detaching 
the portion of bone separated by the crown of the 
trepan, and for removing stumps of teeth. See Lever. 
E. a'ni, levator ani. E., com'mon, a mere lever, the 
end of which is somewhat bent and roughened, that 
it may less readily slip away from the portion of bone 
which is to be raised. E. la'bii inferio'ris, levator 
labii inferioris. E. la'bii superio'ris pro'prius, lev- 
ator labii superioris proprius. E. labio'rum com- 
mu'nis, levator anguli oris. E. of Louis, elevator 
in which the screw-peg is united to the bridge by 
a pivot instead of a hinge. E. oc'uli, rectus superior 
oculi. E. patien'tiae, levator scapulae. E. of Petit, 
a lever mounted on a handle and straight throughout 
its whole length, except at its very end, which is 
slightly curved, that it may be more conveniently 
put under the portion of bone intended to be ele- 
vated. The lever is pierced with several holes for 
the reception of a movable screw-peg. E. scap'ulae, 
levator scapulae. E. testic'uli, cremaster. E., trip- 
loid, elevator consisting of three branches, uniting 
above in one common trunk. E. ure'thrae, see Trans- 
versus perinsei. E., u'terine, see Pessary, intra-uterine. 
Elflock, elf'lok. Condition of the hair in which it 
is matted and twisted into locks, as in plica ; supposed 
in olden times to have been the work of elves or 
fairies. 
Eliaster, el-e-as'ter. Ilech. 
Elichrysum, el-ik'ris-um (helios, light of day, chru- 
sos, gold). Solidago virgaurea. E. monta'num, An- 
tennaria dioica. 
Elicoides, el-e-ko-e'des (helix, tendril, eidos, resem- 
blance). Twisted, like a tendril. 
Eligma, el-ig'mah. Eclectos. 
Eliminantia, e-lim-in-an'she-ah (elimino, to turn 
out of doors). Medicines that act on the excernent 
system. 
Elimination, e-lim-in-a'shun. Act of separating 
and expelling ; as the elimination of a morbid passion, 
or of a fancied materies morbi. See Eccritica. 
Eliminatives, e-lim'in-a-tives. Eccritica. 
Ellquatlo, el-ik-wah'she-o (e, liqueo, to melt). Col- 
liquation. 
Elixation, e-liks-a'shun (elixus, boiled, sodden). 
Decoction; act of boiling. 
Elixir, e-liks'ur (Arab.). Medicine composed of 
various substances held in solution, aromatic or 
sweetened spirituous fluids. Elixir of orange is alone 
officinal, under the name Elixir aurantii. Many 
apothecaries have their own formulae for elixirs, the 
proportion of the ingredients, etc. varying according 
to the taste of the compounder. The name has been 
used also for preparations which contain no spirit of 
wine. E. ac'idum Halle'ri, a mixture of concen- 
trated sulphuric acid and alcohol; employed as an 
astringent in hemorrhages, etc. E. al'oes, tinctura 
aloes composita. E. ama'rum, bitter elixir. E. an- 
thelmin'ticum succo'rum, tinctura jalapii composita. 
E., antiasthmat'ic, of Boerhaave, alcohol, aniseed, 
368 
ELLIPSOID 
camphor, orris, asarabacca root, calamus aromaticus, 
licorice, and elecampane; given in asthma. D. 
antihypochondri'acum, tincturse cinchome amara. 
E. antinephret'icum, E. acidum Halleri. E. aperiti'- 
vum, tinctura aloes composita. E. auran'tii, elixir 
of orange, simple elixir; only officinal elixir in the 
U. S. P.; mixture of oil of orange, sugar, alcohol, and 
water; employed to disguise the taste of drugs. E. au- 
ran'tii compos'itum, compound elixir of orange. E., 
Boer'haave's, see Tinctura aloes composita and Elixir, 
antiasthmatic. E. of Calisa'ya, Calisaya bark, fresh 
orange-peel, cinnamon, coriander, and angelica seeds, 
caraway, aniseed, and cochineal, brandy, water, and 
syrup; tonic and cordial. Other formulae are men- 
tioned in medical or pharmaceutical works for this 
elixir. E., carmin'ative, of Syl'vius, tinctura carmin- 
ativa Sylvii. E. Dano'rum, E. pectorale regis Daniae. 
E. fcet'idum, tinctura castorei composita. E. of Ga'rus, 
tinctura de croco composita. E. guai'aci vola'tilis, 
tinctura guaiaci ammoniata. E. jal'apse compos'- 
itum, tinctura jalapii composita. E. of long life, 
tinctura aloes composita. E. of o'pium, under this 
name have been included different liquid preparations 
of opium. McMunn's elixir is a watery infusion pre- 
pared from opium which has been exhausted by ether 
of narcotina, etc., and alcohol then added. The 
strength was intended to be the same as that of 
laudanum. E., paregor'ic, tinctura camphorse com- 
posita. E., p., Edinburgh, tinctura opii ammoniata. 
E. pectora'le dul'ce or pectora'le re'gis Da'nise 
(licorice-juice, fennel-water, ammoniated alcohol). 
Formula formerly in several European pharmaco- 
poeias. With the addition of opium it constitutes the 
Elixir ammoniato-opiatum, Extractum thebaicum ammo- 
niacale of some pharmacopoeias. E. proprieta'tls, 
tinctura aloes composita. E. p. Paracel'si, tinctura 
aloes composita. E. pur'gans, tinctura jalapii com- 
posita. E., Rad'cliffe's, see Tinctura aloes composita. 
E. rhe'i dul'ce, vinum rhei palmati. E. ro'borans 
Whyt'tii, tinctura cinchonse amara. E. sac'rum, 
tinctura rhei et aloes. E. salu'tis, tinctura sennse 
comp. E. stomach'icum, tinctura gentianse composita. 
E. s. spirituo'sum, tinctura cinchonse amara. E. ex 
suc'co glycyrrhi'zaa, E. pectorale regis Daniae. E. ex 
s. liquiri'tise, E. pectorale regis Danorum. E. sul- 
phu'rico-ac'idum, E. acidum Halleri. E. traumat'- 
icum, tinctura benzoini composita. E. viscera'le 
Hoffman'ni, tinctura gentianae composita. E. vi'tse 
of Mathi'olus (alcohol and 22 aromatic and stimu- 
lating substances), formerly employed in epilepsy. 
E. of vit'riol, acidum sulphuricum aromaticum. E. 
of v., sweet, spiritus aetheris aromaticus. E. vitri'oli, 
sulphuricum acidum aromaticum. E. vitriol! ac'ido- 
aromat'icum, acidum sulphuricum aromaticum. E. 
vitri'oli dul'ce, spiritus aetheris aromaticus; acidum 
sulphuricum aromaticum. E. vitri'oli Edinburgen'- 
sium, acidum sulphuricum aromaticum. E. vitri'oli 
Mynsich'ti, acidum sulphuricum aromaticum. E. 
vitri'oli cum tinctu'ra aromat'ica, acidum sul- 
phuricum aromaticum. 
Elixis, el-iks'is. See Eclectus. 
Elixiviation, e-liks-iv-e-a'shun (e, lixivium, lye). 
Lixivia tion. 
Elk (Sax. selc). Cervus alces. E. bark, Magnolia 
macrophylla. E. tree, Andromeda arborea. E. wood, 
Andromeda arborea, Magnolia macrophylla. 
Elkoplasty, elk'o-plas-te. Plastic operation to re- 
store surface lost by ulceration, etc. 
Ellagic (el-laj'ik) acid. Acid produced by boiling 
a watery solution of gallic acid with arsenic acid. 
Ellarne, el'larn. Sambucus. 
Elleboraster, el-le-bo-ras'ter. Helleborus fcetidus. 
Ellebore, el'le-bore. Dracontium foetidum. See 
Hellebore. 
Elleborismus, el-le-bor-iz'mus. See Helleborismus. 
Elleborum album, el-leb'or-um al'bum. Veratrum 
album. See Helleborus. 
Elleborus albus, el-leb'or-us al'bus. Veratrum. 
See Helleborus. E. ni'ger, Helleborus niger. 
Ellipsoid, el-lip'soid. Resembling an ellipse, all 
plane sections of which are ellipses or circles. ELLIPTIC 
Elliptic, el-lip'tik. Oval. 
Ellychnia, el-lik'ne-ah. Stelliform plexus of veins 
at the surface of the kidney. 
Ellychniotus, el-lik-ne-o'tus (elluchnion, wick of a 
lamp). A sort of tent used by the ancient surgeons, 
so called because it was shaped like a wick. 
Elm, common. Ulmus. E., red, Ulmus Ameri- 
cana. E., rough-leaved, Ulmus Americana. E., 
slip'pery, Ulmus Americana. 
Elminthes, el-min'thees. Worm. See Helmins. 
Elminthocorton, el-min-tho-kor'ton (helminthocor- 
ton). Corallina Corsicana. 
El'norne. Sambucus. 
Elodes, el-o'dees {helos, a marsh). Paludal, Marshy. 
Marsh fever. Also a kind of fever characterized by 
great moisture or sweating. 
Elome, el'o-me. Orpiment. 
Elongation, e - Ion - ga'shun {elongo, to lengthen, 
to extend). Incomplete luxation, in which the lig- 
aments of an articulation are stretched and the 
limb lengthened, without total luxation. Also 
extension required in the reduction of fractures and 
luxations, and for the increased length of limb in 
diseases and dislocations of the hip-joint. 
Elutriatio, e-lu-tre-ah'she-o. Decantation; elutri- 
ation. 
Elutriation, e-lu-tre-a'shun (originally eluo, to wash 
away, to rinse). In pharmacy, a process by which 
finer particles of a powder are separated from the 
coarser by diffusing the powder in water, allowing 
the larger and heavier particles to subside, and then 
decanting the liquor. See Levigation. 
Eluvies, e-lu've-ees (washing away). Inordinate 
discharge of any fluid, and also the fluid itself. Mu- 
cus flowing from the vagina in cases of leucorrhcea. 
Eluxation, e-luks-a'shun. Luxation. 
Elytra, el'it-rah (pl.). See Elytron. 
Elytratresia, el-it-rah-trees'e-ah {elytro, atretos, im- 
perforate). Atresia of the vagina. 
Elytreurynter, el-it-rur-in'tur {elytro, euruno, to 
dilate). Speculum vaginae. 
Elytritis, el-it-re'tis {elytro, itis). Inflammation of 
the vagina; leucorrhcea. 
Elytro, el'it-ro {elutron, a vagina or sheath). In 
composition, vagina. 
Elytroblennorrhcea, el-it-ro-blen-nor-rhe'ah {elytro, 
blennorrhoea). Leucorrhcea (vaginal). 
Elytrocaustic, el-it-ro-kaws'tik {elytro, kaio, to 
burn). Combination of mechanical compression and 
cauterization of the vagina by a forceps designed for 
the purpose. 
Elytrocele, el-it-ro-se'le (Eng. el-it'ro-seel) {elytro, 
kele, tumor), Vaginal hernia; colpocele. See Hernia. 
Elytrocyesis, el-it-ro-se-a'sis {elutron, vagina, kuesis, 
pregnancy). Vaginal pregnancy. 
Elytrodes, el-it-ro'dees. Vaginal coat of the tes- 
ticle. 
Elytroedema, el - it - red - e' mah {elytro, oidema, 
oedema). CEdema of the vagina. 
Elytroid, el'it-roid {elytro, eidos, resemblance). 
Form of pessary, so called from its resembling, in 
shape, the vaginal canal. 
Elytroitis, el-it-ro-e'tis {elytro, itis). Inflammation 
of the vagina. 
Elytromochlion, el-it-ro-mok'le-on {elytro, mochlos, 
lever). Pessary consisting of a steel spring termi- 
nating in wooden extremities, for distending the va- 
gina in a horizontal direction. 
Elytron, el'it-ron {eluo, to involve). Sheath; va- 
gina. Membranes enveloping the spinal marrow are 
called Elytra. 
Elytroncus, el-it-ron'kus {elytro, onkos, tumor). 
Swelling of the vagina. 
Elytropappus rhinocerotis, el-it-ro-pap'pus rhin-os- 
er-o'tis. S. African bush, the whole of which is bit- 
ter and resinous. 
Elytrophyma, el-it-ro-fe'mah {elytro, phuma, swell- 
ing). Swelling of the vagina. 
Elytroplastic, el-it-ro-plas'tik {elytro, plasso, to 
form). Pertaining to elytroplasty. 
Elytroplasty (el'it-ro-plas-te) or Elytroplas'tice 
369 
EMBOLISM 
(elytra, plasso, to form). Operation for restoration of 
the vagina. 
Elytropneumato'sis (elutron, vagina, pneuma, air). 
Collection of air in the vagina. 
Elytropolypus, el-it-ro-pol'ip-us (elytro, polypus). 
Vaginal polypus. 
Elytroptosis, el-it-rop-to'sis (elytro, ptosis, falling). 
Prolapsus vaginae. 
Elytrorrhagia, el-it-ror-rha'je-ah (elytro, rhage, 
breaking forth). Discharge of blood from the vagina. 
Elytrorrhaphy, el-it-ror'raf-e (elytro, rhaphe, su- 
ture). Colporrhaphy, Kolporrhaphy. Operation of clos- 
ing the vagina by suture in cases of procidentia uteri. 
Elytrotome, el-it'ro-tome (elytro, tome, incision). 
Scissors employed in elytrotomy. 
Elytrotomy, el-it-rot'o-me (elytro, temno, to cut). 
Incision into the vaginal wall. 
Em and En (in, into, within; also excess). Com- 
mon prefix, generally answering to the prefixes im 
and in in English. 
Emaciate, e-ma'se-ate (emacio, to grow lean). To 
lose flesh, to become lean, to waste away. 
Emaciation, e-ma-se-a'shun. Condition of the body, 
or of a part of the body, in which it grows lean. State 
of one who is lean-leanness. 
Emanation, em-an-a'shun (emano, to issue or flow 
from). Term applied to a body which proceeds or 
draws its origin from other bodies, such as the light 
which emanates from the sun; miasm arising from 
the putrid decomposition of animal or vegetable sub- 
stances, etc. See Miasm. 
Emansio mensium, e-man'se-o men'se-um (e, 
maneo, to stay). Amenorrhcea, or obstruction of the 
menses before they have been established; also, ac- 
cording to some, retention which occurs after they 
have been established. See Amenorrhcea. 
Emargination, e-mar-jin-a'shun (e, margo, margin). 
Notch. 
Emarginatura, e-mar-jin-at-u'rah. Notch. 
Emasculation, e-mas-ku-la'shun (emasculo, e, mas- 
culus, male, to render impotent). Eemoval or destruc- 
tion of generative organs of a male animal. 
Emasculatus, e-mas-ku-lat'us. Castrated; eunuch. 
Embalming, (em, balsamum, balsam). Operation 
consisting in impregnating the dead body with sub- 
stances capable of preventing it from becoming putrid, 
and thus putting it in a condition to be preserved. 
Embamma, em-bam'ma (embapto, to immerse). Med- 
icated pickle ot sauce. 
Embar'ras gastrique' (F.). Disorder of the stom- 
ach, with loss of appetite, bitterness and clamminess 
of the mouth, white and yellow tongue, sense of epi- 
gastric oppression or pain, nausea, vomiting, head- 
ache, lassitude, pain in the back and limbs, etc. 
Embe'lia ribes. Juice of fruit of Asia; anthel- 
mintic. 
Emblica officinalis, em'blik-ah of-fis-in-al'is. 
Tree of East India; fruit, emblicse or myrobalani fruc- 
tus, formerly employed in diarrhoea ; used in Turkes- 
tan as a collyrium in ophthalmia. 
Embolsemia, em-bo-le'me-ah (embolos, plug, haima, 
blood). State of the blood supposed to have a tend- 
ency to produce embolism. 
Embole, em'bol-e (em, ballo, to put in place). Ee- 
duction of a luxated bone; also wedge or plug (em- 
bole). 
Emboliah, em-bol'e-ah. Diseases produced by plug- 
ging or obstruction of the blood-vessels. See Embol- 
ism. 
Embolic, em-bol'ik (embole, wedge or plug). Eelat- 
ing to plugging or obturation of the vessels, as em- 
bolic apoplexy. E. ab'scess, see Abscess, metastatic. 
E. infarc'tion, see Infarction. E. pneumo'nia, see 
Pneumonia, embolic. 
Emboliform, em-bol'e-form (embole, forma). Ee- 
sembling an embolus. 
Embolimos, em-bol'im-os (ballo, to cast). Intercal- 
ary. 
Embolism, em'bol-izm. Obstruction of a blood- 
vessel by any body-embolus or plug-detached from 
the interior of the heart or some vessel, and borne EMBOLUM 
along in the current of the circulation to the point 
of obstruction. Two varieties have been described, 
arterial and capillary. Arterial emboli directly im- 
pede the circulation, while capillary emboli are im- 
portant from the secondary changes to which they 
give rise. The plug may be a blood-clot, a fibrinous 
concretion, or a fragment of endocardium, etc. These 
obstructions are sometimes met with in diseases of de- 
bility or exhaustion; they may cause sudden death, 
as in embolism of the pulmonary artery, or give rise 
to hemiplegia, as in embolism of an important cer- 
ebral artery. See Thrombosis, Polypus, and Infarction. 
E., air, obstruction of a blood-vessel by air. E., apo- 
plec'tiform cer'ebral, see Embolism, cerebral, and 
Apoplexy. E., arte'rial, see Embolism. E., cap'illary, 
see Embolism. E. of the cen'tral ar'tery of the 
ret'ina, E. due to an embolus lodging in the central 
artery of the retina. E., cer'ebral, obstruction of an 
artery or arteries of the brain, as described under em- 
bolism. When accompanied by symptoms of apoplexy 
the condition has been called embolic apoplexy or ap- 
oplectiform cerebral apoplexy. See Apoplexy. E., 
mul'tiple, obstruction of a vessel by a number of 
emboli. E., pye'mic, obstruction by purulent em- 
boli. E., ret'inal, obstruction by embolus in the 
central artery of the retina. E., ve'nous, obstruction 
of veins in certain organs, as the liver and lungs. 
Embolum, em'bol-um. Embole. E. cer'ebrl, in- 
fundibulum of the brain. 
Embolus, em'bol-us. See Embole and Embolia. E., 
air, E. due to air-bubbles entering the circulation 
through a punctured vein. E., fat, occurs in frac- 
tures, the embolus being formed by marrow of bone. 
Emboly, em'bol-e. Formation of the gastrula by a 
blastophere; term employed in embryology. 
Embon'point (F., in good point or plight). The 
state of the animal body when in full health. Ex- 
cessive embonpoint constitutes corpulence and obes- 
ity, and may become a morbid condition. 
Embow'eiling. Operation of taking out the 
bowels. 
Embregma, em-breg'mah. Embrocation. 
Embrocation, em-bro-ka'shun (embrecho, em, brecho, 
to wet, to dip in). Fluid application to be rubbed on 
any part of the body; often used synonymously with 
liniment. Originally it was employed in the sense of 
fomentation. 
Embroche, em'bro-ke. Embrocation. 
Embryo, em'bre-o (em, bruo, to grow). Fecundated 
germ in the early stages of its development in utero. 
At a certain period of its increase the name foetus is 
given to it. Generally the embryo state is considered 
to extend to the period of quickening. (For a full 
account of the development of the embryo and of the 
embryo into the foetus, see Foetus.) The following 
table (Chapman) exhibits the 
) EMETIC 
struction). Destruction of a foetus in utero when in- 
surmountable obstacles, as certain deformities of the 
pelvis, oppose delivery. 
Embryogenet'ic ves'icle. Vesicle in some ani- 
mals destined to form plastic matter to aid in the de- 
velopment of the new being. 
Embryogenic, em-bre-o-jen'ik. Eelating or apper- 
taining to embryogeny. 
Embryogeny, em-bre-oj'en-e (embryo, gennao, to gen- 
erate). Generation or formation of the embryo. 
Embryograph, em'bre-o-graf. Instrument to aid in 
the graphic representation of embryos. 
Embryography, em-bre-og-raf'e (embryo, graphe, de- 
scription). Part of anatomy which describes the em- 
bryo. 
Embryology, em-bre-ol'o-je (embryo, logos, a descrip- 
tion). Doctrine of, or a treatise on, embryonic de- 
velopment. 
Embryon, em'bre-on. Embryo. 
Embryonic, em-bre-on'ik. Eelating or appertaining 
to an embryo, as embryonic life. E. a'rea or spot, 
see Area germinativa. 
Embryoparous, em-bre-op'ar-us (embryon, pario, to 
produce). Producing an embryo. 
Embryoplas'tic, (embryo, plasso, to form). Eelating 
to formation of embryo. 
Embryoscope, em'bre-o-skope (embryon, skopeo, to 
view). Apparatus for studying the development of 
embryo in eggs. 
Embryothlasis, em-bre-o-thlas'is (embryo, thlasis, a 
crushing). Cephalotripsy. See Embryothlasta. 
Embryothlasta, em-bre-oth-las'tah (embryo, thlao, 
to break). Crotchet or other instrument, used in 
certain cases of laborious parturition to break the 
bones of the foetus, for the purpose of extracting 
them with greater facility; the process being called 
Embryothlasis. 
Embryot'ic. See Embryonic. 
Embryotocia, em-bre-o-tosh'e-ah (embryo, tokos, de- 
livery). Abortion. 
Embryotome, em'bre-o-tome (embryo, temno, to cut). 
Instrument used in embryotomy. 
Embryotomy, em-bre-ot'o-me (embryotomia, from 
embryo, tome, incision). Division of the foetus into 
fragments, to extract it by piecemeal, when the nar- 
rowness of the pelvis or other faulty conformation 
opposes delivery. 
Embryotrophy, em-bre-ot'rof-e (embryo, trophe, nour- 
ishment). Foetal nutrition. 
Embryulcia (em-bre-ul'she-ah) or Embryusterul'- 
cia (embryo, helko, to extract, to draw). Surgical ope- 
ration by which the foetus is extracted by means of 
appropriate instruments when faulty conformation or 
other circumstances prevent delivery by the natural 
efforts. 
Embryulcus, em-bre-ul'cus. Iron hook or crotchet, 
used to extract the foetus in some cases of laborious 
labor. 
Embryusterulcia, em-bre-us-tur-ul'she-ah (emfiryo, 
hustera, uterus, helko, to extract). Embryulcia. 
Ememorphine, em-e-mor'feen. Apomorphine. 
Emendans, em-en'dans (emendo, to amend). Cor- 
rigent. 
Em'erald green. Arsenite of copper. 
Emeraudes (em'er-o-dees), Emerods (em'er-ods), or 
Emeroids, em'er-oids. Hemorrhoids. 
Emery, em'ur-e. Coarse kind of corundum, used 
for polishing metals and stones. 
Emesia, em-e'se-ah. Vomiturition. 
Emesis, em'es-is. Vomiting. 
Emetatrophia, em-et-at-rof'e-ah (emeo, to vomit, 
atrophia, want of nourishment). Atrophy induced by 
vomiting. 
Emetia, em-e'she-ah. Emetine. 
Emet'ic (emetikos, emeo, to vomit). Vomitory, Vomit, 
Puke. Subject capable of producing vomiting. Top- 
ical or local emetics produce their effect by acting 
locally on the pharynx, oesophagus, or stomach, or 
generally through the medium of the circulation, 
but some emetics act both locally and generally. 
Emetics may be classified as follows (Brunton); 
370 
Membranes and Layers of the Embryo and 
Organs developed from them. 
Membranes. 
Layers. 
Organs. 
External blasto- 
dermic membrane 
or epiblast. 
Skin, 
sensory. 
Epidermis. 
Central nervous sys- 
tem. 
Primitive kidneys. 
Dermis. 
Peripheral nervous sys- 
tem. 
Osseous nervous system. 
Muscular nervous sys- 
tem. 
Testes. 
Skin, 
sensory. 
Middle blasto- 
dermic membrane 
or mesoblast. 
Vascular system. 
Mesentery. 
Wall of alimentary ca- 
nal and appendages. 
Ovaries. 
Intestinal 
fibrous. 
Internal blasto- 
dermic membrane 
or hypoblast. 
Intestinal 
glandu- 
lar. 
Epithelium of aliment- 
ary canal and append- 
ages. 
Embryocardia, em-bre-o-kar'de-ah (embryo, kardia, 
heart). State of the heart in which the beats resem- 
ble those of the foetal heart. 
Embryoctony, em-bre-ok'to-ne (embryo, ktonos, de- Local Emetics. 
EMETICOLOGY 
371 
EMODIN 
pora pyramidalia. E. quadrigem'inae, quadrigemina 
tubercula. E. ter'etes, processus teretes. 
Emissaria (em-is-sah're-ah) (pl. of Emissarium, 
outlet) Santori'ni. Small veins communicating with 
sinuses of the dura mater by apertures in the cra- 
nium, as the parietal, posterior condyloid, mastoid 
veins, etc. 
Emissarium, em-is-sah're-um. An outlet; emis- 
sary ; a canal or channel whose direction is outward. 
E. fOram'inis lac'eri anti'ci, emissary of foramen 
lacerum. E. hypoglos'si, anterior condylar emissary 
vein. E. occipita'le, occipital emissary vein. E. oc- 
cipita'le infe'rius, posterior condylar emissary vein. 
E. occipita'le supe'rius, occipital emissary vein. 
Emissary, em'is-sa-re. Canal acting as an outlet. 
Emissio, e-mish'e-o. Emission. E. sem'inis, ejac- 
ulation of semen; spermatism. 
Emission, e-mish'un (emitto, to send out, to drive 
out). Act by which any matter whatever is thrown 
from the body, as emission of urine or of semen. 
Emmenagogues, em-men'ag-ogs (emmenia, ago, to 
drive or expel). Menagogues. Medicines believed to 
have the power of favoring the discharge of the 
menses when absent, deficient, or irregular. Accord- 
ing to different conditions of the system the most 
opposite remedies may produce such effect. Em- 
menagogues have been divided into those which seem 
to stimulate directly the uterus itself- direct emmena- 
gogues-and those which act indirectly by correcting 
conditions, such as anaemia, debility, etc., on which 
the disordered menstruation may depend-indirect 
emmenagogues. The chief emmenagogues (Brunton) 
are : 
Alum. 
Ammonium carbonate. 
Copper sulphate. 
Mustard. 
Salt. 
Strong infusions of vegetable 
bitters, as camomile, quas- 
sia, etc. 
Subsulphate of mercury. 
Water (lukewarm and in co- 
pious draughts). 
Zinc sulphate. 
Apomorphine. 
Ipecacuanha and emetine. 
Senega. 
Squill. 
Tartar emetic. 
General Emetics. 
Digitalis and] 
its congeners, I 
Muscarine, I 
Urechitine, J 
t j 
medicinallv 
emetics' 
They are valuable agents in disease, and may either 
act primarily on the stomach, or secondarily on other 
parts of the system by sympathy with the stomach. 
E. root, Euphorbia corollata. E., tar'tar, antimo- 
nium tartarizatum. E. weed, Lobelia inflata. 
Emeticology, em-et-ik-ol'o-je. Emetology. 
Emetine, em'et-een. Vegetable alkali in ipecac- 
uanha, to which it owes its emetic power; it is ob- 
tained from different ipecacuanhas. Three grains of 
impure emetia or one grain of pure are equal to 
eighteen of ipecacuanha. See Ipecacuanha. 
Emetinum coloratura, em-et-e'num ko-lo-rat'um. 
Dry extract of ipecac in powder. 
Emetize, em'et-ize. To cause nausea or emesis with 
an emetic. 
Emeto-catharsis, em'et-o-kath-ar'sis. Vomiting and 
purging combined. 
Emeto-cathartic, em'et-o-kath-ar'tik (emetus, Icath- 
artikos, purgative). Remedy which excites both vom- 
iting and purging. 
Emetology, em-et-ol'o-je {emet us, logos, a discourse). 
Treatise on vomiting and on emetics. 
Emetomania, em-et-o-man'e-ah (emeo, to vomit, 
mania). Morbid desire for emetics or for vomiting. 
Emetopoeum, em-et-o-pe'um (emetus, poieo, to make). 
Emetic. 
Enietus, em'et-us (emetos). Vomiting. 
Emiction, e-mik'shun (e, mingo, to urinate). Mic- 
turition. 
Emigration, em-e-gra'shun. The passage of leuco- 
cytes through the walls of blood-vessels. 
Eminence, em'in-ence emineo, to project). Projec- 
tion at the surface of a healthy or diseased organ. 
E. of aquasduc'tus Fallo'pii, prominentia canalis 
facialis. E. of Doy6re, see Sarcoglia. E., il'io-pecti- 
ne'al, ridge on superior part of the pubic bone. 
Eminentia, em-in-en'she-ah. Eminence; protu- 
berance. E. annula'ris, pons Varolii. E. arcua'ta, 
see Jugum petrosum. E. bicipita'lis, prominence ob- 
served on the arm when the biceps is in contraction. 
E. capita'ta, head of a bone. E. car'pi radiaTis, 
elevation on radial side of palmar surface of the 
wrist, due to prominence of trapezium and trapezoid 
bones. E. car'pi ulna'ris, elevation on ulnar side of 
palmar surface of the wrist, due to prominence of 
pisiform and unciform bones. E. cauda'ta, caudate 
lobe of liver. E. collaterals, pes accessorius. E. 
costa'ria, projections on transverse processes of the 
five lower cervical vertebrae. E. crucia'ta, figure re- 
sembling a cross on inner side of the occipital bone. 
E. cuneifor'mis, crista capituli costae. E. foss'se tri- 
angula'ris, prominence situated posteriorly on ex- 
ternal surface of the ear, which corresponds to fossa 
triangularis. E. fronta'lis, eminence of frontal bone. 
E. intercondyl'ea, E. intercondyl'ica, or E. inter- 
condyloi'dea, spine of tibia. E. pyramida'lis, crest 
dividing the vestibule of the ear into two fossae. E. 
thyreoi'dea, pomum Adami. E. tym'pani, pyramid 
of the tympanum. 
Eminent!ae (em-in-en'she-e) (pl. of Eminentia) bi- 
gem'inae. Quadrigemina tubercula. E. candican'tes, 
mammillary tubercles. E. car'pi, carpal eminences. 
E. lenticula'res, corpora striata. E. mag'nae cer'- 
ebri, thalami nervorum opticorum. E. mammilla'- 
res, see Mammillary eminence. E. media'nae inter'nae, 
corpora pyramidalia. E. oliva'res, corpora olivaria. 
E. ova'les latera'les, corpora olivaria. E. pisifor'- 
mes, corpora albicantia. E. planta'res, prominences 
caused by muscles of the foot. E. pyramida'les, cor- 
Indirect Emmenagogues. 
Direct Emmenagogues. 
Ergot. 
Digitalis. 
Savin. 
Quinine. 
Asafcetida. 
Myrrh. 
Guaiacum. 
Cantharides. 
Borax. 
Rue. 
Hydrastis. 
Baths 
Hot foot, 
Hot hip, 
Mustard. 
Leeches 
To genitals, 
To thighs. 
Baths, 
Poultices, 
Stupes. 
Mustard 
Purgatives, as aloes. 
Iron. 
Manganese. 
Cod-liver oil. 
Strychnine. 
Emmenagology, em-men-ag-ol'o-je (emmenia, logos, 
discourse). Treatise on emmenagogues. 
Emmenia, em-men'e-ah (em, men, a month). Men- 
ses. 
Emmeniagoga, em-men-e-ah-go'gah. Emmena- 
gogues. 
Emmeniopathy, em-men-e-op'ath-e (emmenia, pa- 
thos, affection). Affection or disorder of menstru- 
ation. 
Emmenological, em-men-o-loj'ik'l. Eelating or 
appertaining to menstruation. 
Emmenology, em-men-ol'o-je (emmenia, logos, a dis- 
course). Treatise on, or description of, menstruation. 
Em'merick's bacil'lus. Bacillus coli communis. 
Em'mert's suture. Suture employed to unite 
wounds of the intestines. 
Emmetropia, em-met-ro'pe-ah (em, metron, measure, 
optomai, to see). Condition of the healthy eye in 
which the limits of clear vision lie betw'een the near- 
point of myopia and the far-point of hypertropia. 
The term ametropia expresses that an eye is not em- 
metropic. 
Emmetropic, em-met-rop'ik. Eelating or appertain- 
ing to emmetropia. 
Em'met's buttonhole operation. Consists in 
making an opening in the female urethra, halfway 
between the meatus and the neck of the bladder. 
E.'s operation, operation for laceration of the cer- 
vix uteri-called trachelorrhaphy by Emmet, or hys- 
tero-trachelorrhaphy-and also for rupture of the 
perineum. See Trachelorrhaphy and Perineorrhaphy. 
Emmyxium articulare, em-miks'e-um ar-tik-u- 
lah're (em, mucus'). Hydrarthron. 
Emodin, em'od-in. Principle found in Eheum and 
in bark of Ehamnus frangula. EMOLLIENTIA 
Emollientia, e-mol-le-en'she-ah. Emollients. 
Emollients, e-mol'le-ents (e, mollio, to soften). Sub- 
stances which relax and soften parts that are in- 
flamed or too tense. They are used both internally 
and externally: as the former, however, consist of 
mucilaginous substances, they are generally reckoned 
as demulcents; the latter, or proper emollients, con- 
sist of oils, cataplasms, fomentations, etc. Oleaginous 
bodies, rubbed on a part, act by diminishing its co- 
hesion. Fomentations, in cases of internal inflam- 
mation, act probably through contiguous sympathy. 
The following are the chief emollients: adeps, amyg- 
dalae oleum, avenge farina, cera, cetaceum, linum, 
olivae oleum, sesamum, tritici farina, and ulmus. 
Emollities, e-mol-lish'e-ees. Mollifies. E. morbo'sa, 
mollifies. E. os'sium, mollifies ossium. E. u'teri 
morbosa, softness of the uterus from disease. 
Emollitio, e-mol-lish'e-o. Mollifies. E. ventric'uli, 
gastromalacia. 
Emoptbe, e-mop'to-e. Haemoptysis. 
Emotio, e-mo'she-o (moreo, to move). Delirium, 
luxation, passion. 
Emotional, e-mo'shun-al. Relating to emotion or 
passion independently of the will. E. insan'ity, in- 
sanity in which the emotions are conspicuously 
prominent. 
Emotivity, e-mo-tiv'it-e. The degree in which a 
person is capable of emotion. 
Empasma, em-paz'mah (em, passo, to sprinkle). 
Powder for dusting or sprinkling over any diseased 
surface. 
Empathema, em-path-a'mah (em, pathos, suffering). 
Ungovernable passion, fixed delusion. 
Empeiria, em-pi're-ah (em, peira, trial). Expe- 
rience. 
Empetrum, em'pet-rum (em, petra, rock). Herni- 
aria glabra. 
Emphlysis, em'flis-is (em, phlusis, vesicular tumor 
or eruption). Ichorous exanthem. Eruption of vesic- 
ular pimples, filled progressively with an acrid and 
colorless or nearly colorless fluid, terminating in 
scurf or laminated scabs. E. aphztha, aphthae; aph- 
thous stomatitis. E. erysip'elas, erysipelas. E. mili- 
a'ria, miliary fever. E. pem'phigus, pemphigus. E. 
vacci'na inser'ta, vaccina. E. varicel'la, varicella. 
Emphractica, em-frak'tik-ah. Large abdominal 
tumor, neither fluctuating nor sonorous; excessive 
corpulency. 
Emphracticus, em-frak'tik-us (emphraktikos, em, 
phrasso, to shut up, to close, to obstruct). Any sub- 
stance which, when applied to the skin, is pre- 
sumed to close the pores. 
Emphragma, em - frag' mah. Anything that ob- 
structs. Obstacle to delivery on the part of the foetus 
when the presentation is preternatural. E. lacry- 
nia'le, fistula lacrymalis. E. saliva're, ranula. 
Emphraxis, em-fraks'is. Infarction; obstruction. 
A detention in canals or cavities of any substance 
either morbid from quantity or quality. E. hep'atis, 
hepatic obstruction; see Infarction. 
Emphyma, em-fe'mah (em,phuma, swelling). Tumor. 
E. encys'tis, encysted tumor. E. e. athero'ma, 
atheroma. E. e. gan'glion, ganglion; encysted tu- 
mor resembling shell of a turtle. E. e. meliceris, 
encysted tumor filled with substance resembling 
honey. E. e. steato'ma, steatoma. E. exosto'sis 
os'sea, exostosis. E. e. perios'tea, node. E. sarco'- 
ma, sarcoma. E. s. adipo'sum, adipose sarcoma. E. 
s. cellulo'sum, cystic sarcoma. E. s. mamma'rum, 
mammary sarcoma. E. s. pancreat'icum, pancreatic 
sarcoma. E. s. scirrho'sum, scirrhous sarcoma. E. s. 
tuberculo'sum, tuberculate sarcoma. E. s. vasculo'- 
sum, vascular sarcoma. 
Emphysema, em-fis-e'mah (em, phusao, to blow, to 
inflate). Inflation, Wind-dropsy. Term applied to any 
white, crepitant, shining, elastic, indolent tumor of 
the integuments, caused by the introduction of air 
into the areolar texture. Injuries of the larynx, 
trachea, or lungs, and fractures of the ribs or wounds 
penetrating the chest, are the most frequent causes 
of this affection, which is owing to the air escaping 
372 
EMPLASTRUM 
from the air-passages and. insinuating itself into the 
areolar texture surrounding the wound. Some cases 
of emphysema are owing to internal causes, and hence 
a division has been made into accidental and symptom- 
atic and spontaneous and idiopathic. E. abdom'- 
inis, tympanites. E., compen'satory, pulmonary 
emphysema due to deficient expansion of part of a 
lung. E., interlob'ular, see Emphysema of the lungs. 
E. of the lungs, Pneumectasis. Considerable pressure 
or contusion of the chest, or violent concussion of 
the lung, may produce a laceration in that viscus, 
without injury being done to the parietes of the 
thorax, and may give occasion to infiltration of air 
into the areolar texture-Interlobular emphysema. 
Vesicular emphysema-consists in excessive dilatation 
of the air-cells, some of which become as large 
as hemp-seed, ultimately break, and give rise to 
irregular vesicles at the surface of the lung, some of 
which are as large as a hazel-nut; the thorax appears 
unnaturally convex and prominent; the intercostal 
spaces are widened, but depressed; the inspiratory 
efforts are increased; the sound on percussion is mor- 
bidly clear, but not tympanitic. On auscultation the 
inspiratory murmur is feeble or suppressed. Expira- 
tion, which is more frequently audible, is prolonged, 
laborious, and wheezing. E. orbita'le, collection of air 
in orbital tissue. E. palpebra'le, emphysema of eye- 
lids. E. pec'toris, pneumothorax. E. pulmo'num, 
emphysema of the lungs. E. scro'ti, emphysematous 
tumor of the scrotum. E. seni'le, Senile atrophy of 
the lungs ; thinning and gradual wasting of the vesic- 
ular walls; condition in old persons especially, de- 
pendent on imperfect nutrition of the lung. E. tym- 
panites or tympanit'icum, tympanites. E. uteri, 
distension of the uterus with air; or abdominal dis- 
tension, with wind occasionally discharged through 
the os uteri. E., vesic'ular, see Emphysema of the 
lungs. E., vica'rious, emphysema, compensatory. 
Emphysematous, em-fis-em'at-us. Eelating to em- 
physema ; containing air or gas. 
Emphytiatreusis, em-fit-e-at-ru'sis (emphutos, in- 
nate, iatreusis, medical treatment). Medical treat- 
ment by a person professing to be gifted with great 
natural ability or medical knowledge. 
Em'phytic. Inborn. 
Emphytum thermum, em'fit-um ther'mum (emphu- 
tos, innate, therme, heat; to have naturally innate 
heat). Natural heat of the body. 
Empies'ma. Compression; depression; compres- 
sion of the brain from fractured bone. 
Em'pigo. Elephantiasis, in Brazil. 
Empimelium polysarcia, em-pe-mel'e-um pol-e- 
sar'ke-ah (em, pimele, fat). Fatty tumor; polysarcia 
adiposa. 
Empiric (em-pir'ik) or Empirical, em-pir'ik-al (em- 
peirikos, experimental). One who follows only ex- 
perience ; sect of physicians who took for their guide 
experience alone. At the present day the word is 
employed in nearly the same signification as charlatan 
or quack. 
Empirice, em-pir'is-e. Empiricism. 
Empiricism, em-pir'is-izm. Medicine founded on 
experience. Generally, at the present day, signifies 
quackery. 
Emplasticus, em-plas'tik-us (emplastikos, fit to 
spread). Eemedy which adheres, as a plaster, to 
the surface. 
Emplastra'tion. Application of a plaster. 
Emplastro-endermic, em-plas'tro-en-dur'mik. En- 
dermic. 
Emplastrum, em-plas'trum. Solid and tenacious 
compound, which is adhesive at the ordinary heat 
of the human body. Some plasters owe their con- 
sistence to wax and resin, and others to the chemical 
union taking place between the semivitreous oxide 
of lead and oil. E. aconi'ti, Aconite plaster (aconite, 
alcohol, and resin plaster). E. adhaesi'vum, em- 
plastrum resinte. E. adhaesi'vum Woodstock'!!, see 
Sparadrapum adhsesivum. E. Alexan'dri, Alexandrine. 
E. de althae'a, unguentum de althsea. E. ammoni'- 
aci (Ph. U. S.), Ammoniac plaster, Plaster of ammoniac E MP LAST RUM 
(ammoniaci, acidi acetici dil., Oss.). Discutient 
plaster. E. ammoni'aci cum hydrar'gyro (Ph. U. S.), 
Plaster of ammoniac with mercury (ammoniacum, ; 
hydrargyrum, £ij ; oleum olivse, gr. lx.; sulphur, 
sublimat., gr. viij ; acid, acetic, dilut., lead 
plaster, q. s.). In the Ph. Br., ammoniacum, ; 
hydrargyrum, avoir.; olive oil, gr. Ivj.; sublimed 
sulphur, gr. viij. E. An'drese de Cru'ce, E. de pice et 
resinis glutinans. E. An'glicum or Anglica'num, see 
Sparadrapum adhsesivum. E. antimo'nil, Antimonial 
plaster (antimon, et potass, tart., pix Burgundic.). Ex- 
citant or warming plaster. E. ar'nicse (Ph. U. S.), 
Arnica plaster (ext. arnicas alcoholic., ; emplast. 
resinae, ,?viij). Warm strengthening plaster. E. 
aromat'icum, Aromatic plaster (thus, cera flava, pulv. 
cort. cinnam., ol. ess. piment., ol. ess. limon.). Stimu- 
lating plaster. A spice plaster, made with powdered 
cinnamon and other spices, has been used in cholera 
infantum and in other conditions. Another, for ex- 
temporaneous use, is by mixing powdered spices with 
meal or flour and spirits. One formula for this con- 
sists of powdered capsicum, cinnamon, and cloves, 
each §ij ; rye meal, spirits, and honey, q. s. To be 
rubbed together on a plate, spread upon a close fabric, 
and applied as a cataplasm. E. asafcet'idse (Ph. U. S), 
Asafcetida plaster (emplastrum plumbi, asafcetida, aa 
J|xiij ; galbanum, cera flava, aa alcohol, Oiij). 
Antispasmodic and anodyne in flatulence and whoop- 
ing cough. E. at'trahens, E. cerae. E. auricula're, 
plaster applied behind or under the ear. E. bella- 
don'nse (Ph. U. S.), Belladonna plaster (belladonnae 
radix in pulv. subtil., ; alcohol, emplast. resinae, 
aa q. s.). The process is similar to that for emplas- 
trum aconiti. In the Ph. Br., extract, belladonna; al- 
coholic., av.; emplast. resinae and emplast. saponis, 
aa av. Anodyne application in neuralgia and 
rheumatism. E. calefa'ciens (Ph. Br., cantharides, 
oil of nutmeg, yellow wax, resin plaster, soap plaster, 
boiling water), E. picis cum cantharide (Ph. U. S.), 
Plaster of pitch with cantharides, Calefacient plaster, 
Warm plaster, Warming plaster (cerat. cantharid. Ph. 
IL S., 3ij; pix abiet., Rubefacient and 
stimulant. E. canthar'idis (Ph. Br.), E. lyttse. E. 
canthar'idis vesicato'rii compos'itum, E. lyttae 
comp. E. cap'slci (Ph. U. S.), Capsicum plaster (resin 
plaster, oleoresin of capsicum). Rubefacient. E. 
cephal'icum, E. picis compositum. E. ce'rse, Wax 
plaster (cera flava, sevum. praeparat., resina flava). 
Stimulating and drawing. E. cera'ti sapo'nis, Soap 
cerate plaster (hard soap, yellow wax, olive oil, oxide 
of lead, and vinegar). E. cerus'sse (litharge plaster, 
lead carbonate, and olive oil). E. cicu'tse, Hemlock 
plaster (resina abietis, cera flava, pix alba, oleum 
cicutie per decoct, prseparat., folia cicutse recent., 
acetum scill®, gum ammoniac). Discutient, especially 
to scirrhous tumors. E. cine'reum, E. hydrargyri. 
E. cit'rinum, unguentum de althsea. E. commu'ne, 
E. plumbi. E. commu'ne cum resi'na, E. resinae. E. 
coni'i, E. cicutae. E. cumi'ni, Cummin plaster (cum- 
mini semina, carui semina, lauri baccae, pix arida, 
cera flava). Warm discutient plaster. E. cu'pri 
aceta'tis, preparation of the French Codex, contain- 
ing yellow wax, subacetate of copper, Burgundy 
pitch, and Venice turpentine. E. diach'ylon, diach- 
ylon, E. plumbi. E. diapal'ma (lead plaster, white 
wax, zinc sulphate). E. divi'num Nicola'i, see Mag- 
net. E. emol'liens, unguentum de althaeA E. epi- 
spas'ticum, E. lyttae. E. ferra'tum, E. ferri. E. 
ferri (Ph. U. S.), Iron plaster, Strengthening plaster, 
Chalybeate plaster (ferri oxidum hydratum, ; em- 
plast. plumbi, ; pix Burgund., gj; terebinth. Can- 
adensis, E. fer'ri ru'bri, E. oxidi ferri rubri. 
E. fla'vum, unguentum de althaea. E. fcet'idum, E. 
asafoetidae. E. ad fontic'ulos, ceratum Galeni. E. 
gal'bani (Ph. U. S.), Galbanum plaster (galbanum, 
§ viij ; terebinth, £j ; pix Burgund., ; emplast. 
plumbi, In the Ph. Br., galbanum, am- 
moniacum, yellow wax, each ; lead plaster, aviii. 
E. gal'bani coxnpos'itum, Galbanum or Compound gal- 
banum plaster (galbanum, emp. plumbi, terebinth, pix 
Burgund.). Stimulant and discutient. E. glutino'sum, 
373 
EM P LAST RUM 
see Sparadrapum adhsesivum. E. cum gummat'ibus, E. 
gummosum. E. e gummat'ibus resino'sis, E. gum- 
mosum. E. cum gummiresi'nis, Plaster of gum resins 
(emplast, simpl., cera flava, pix alba, terebinth., gum 
ammoniac, bdellium, galbanum, sagapenum, and alco- 
hol). Discutient. E. gummo'sum, Gum plaster, Yel- 
low or Gum diachylon (emp. plumbi, ammoniac., gal- 
banum, cera flava). Properties and uses like the last. 
E. hydrar'gyri (Ph. U. S.), Mercurial plaster (hydrarg., 
ol. oliv., resin, aa ; emplast. plumbi, §v); stim- 
ulant, resolvent, and discutient to venereal and other 
tumors. In the Ph. Br., mercury, §iij ; olive oil, gr. 
Ivj ; sublimed sulphur, gr. viij; lead plaster, §vj. E. h. 
compos'itum, Compound plaster of mercury (empl. 
simpl., cera flava, resin, pulv. gum ammoniac., bdel- 
lium, olibanum, myrrh, saffron, mercury, pure turpen- 
tine, liquid and pure storax, essential oil of laven- 
der) ; same properties as the last. E. ichthyocol'l® 
(Ph. U. S.) (isinglass, gr. civ; alcohol, 
glycerin, ; water, tincture of benzoin, aa q. s.); 
an adhesive plaster, court plaster. E. i. te'l® in- 
duc'tum, see Sparadrapum adhsesivum. E. ir'ritans, 
E. lytt®. E. lithar'gyri, E. plumbi. E. 1. compos'- 
itum, E. galbani compositum. E. 1. cum gum'mi, 
E. gummosum. E. 1. cum hydrar'gyro, E. hydrar- 
gyri. E. 1. cum resi'na, E. resinse. E. lithar- 
gyr'icum cum resi'na pi'ni, E. resin®. E. lyt'tse, 
Plaster of cantharides, Plaster of Spanish or blistering 
fly, Blistering plaster, Fly plaster (cantharides, em- 
plastrum cer®, adeps pr®p.). This is the common 
blistering plaster. It requires to remain on six or 
eight hours before the full effect is induced, and it acts 
sufficiently well provided even a piece of thin gauze 
or tissue-paper be placed between it and the skin, 
whilst absorption of the flies is thus prevented. See 
Blister. Blistering cerate, Ceratum cantharidis (Ph. U. 
S.), Cantharides cerate, has the following ingredients: 
cantharides, ; cera flava, resina, aa.^iv; adeps, 
The Ph. U. S. also has a Ceratum extracti cantharidis, 
Cerate of extract of cantharides, formed by adding to 
an alcoholic extract of cantharides resin, yellow wax, 
and lard. E. 1. compos'itum, Compound plaster of 
cantharides or Spanish flies (resina liq. pini laricis, 
resina concret. pini abietis, meloe vesicat., cera flava, 
subacetas cupri, semina sinapis alb., fructus piperis 
nigr.); same properties as the last, but more energetic 
and speedy in its action. E. martia'le, E. ferri. E. 
mel'oes vesicato'rii, E. lytt®. E. mel'oes vesicato'- 
rii comp., E. lytt® comp. E. e min'io, see Em- 
plastrum plumbi. E. mucilagino'sum, unguentum 
de alth®a. E. ni'grum of Augsburg, see Magnet. 
E. Norimbergen'se, Nuremberg plaster (oxidum 
plumbi rubrum, ol. oliv., aqua, camphor); des- 
iccative, and employed in gangrene. nygmat'- 
icum, E. resin®. E. o'pii (Ph. U. S.), Opium plaster 
(ext. opii, ; pix Burgund., 5iij ; emplastrum plumbi, 
gxiiss; aqu®, fgiss). E. ox'idi fer'ri ru'bri, Plaster 
of red oxide of iron, Strengthening plaster (empl. oxid. 
plumb, semivitr., resina pin., cera flava, oleum ole® 
Europ., oxidi ferri rubr.); strengthening plaster. E. 
ox'idi plum'bi semivit'rei, E. plumbi. E. ox'idi 
plum'bi semivit'rei gummo'sum, E. gummosum. 
E. ex ox'ido plum'bi ru'bro compos'itum, E. Norim- 
bergense. E. ex ox'ido plum'bi semivit'reo, E. 
plumbi. E. oxycro'ceum (resin, wax, ammoniac, gal- 
banum, turpentine, mastic, myrrh, olibanum, and 
crocus). E. Phoenic'eum, diapalma. E. pica'tum, E. 
picis Burgundic®. E. de pi'ce et resi'nis glu'tinans, 
Adhesive plaster of pitch and resins (pix alba, resin 
elemi., terebinth, pur., ol. laur.): used in contusions and 
fractures as a support. E. pi'cis (Ph.Br.), Pitch plas- 
ter, E. picis Burgundicee, E. picis compositum (Burgundy 
pitch, frankincense, resin, yellow wax, expressed oil 
of nutmeg, olive oil, water) ; rubefacient. E. pi'cis 
Burgun'dic® (Ph. U. S.), Burgundy pitch or Pitch 
plaster (pix Burgund., §ix; cera flava, E. pi'cis 
Canaden'sis (Ph. U. S.), Canada or Hemlock pitch plas- 
ter (pix Canadens., ; cera flava, j). E. pi'cis cum 
canthar'ide (Ph. U. S.), E. calefaciens. E. pi'cis 
compos'itum, Cephalic plaster, Compound pitch plaster 
(pix Burgund., abies resin®, resina flava, cera flava, EM PLATTOM ENUS 
ol. oliv., aqua); stimulant and rubefacient; some- 
times used in headache, applied to the temples; see 
Depilatory. E. plum'bi (Ph. U. S.), Diachylon simplex, 
White diachylon, Plaster of lead, Oleate of lead plaster, 
Lead or diachylon plaster (plumbi oxid. in pulv., 
; oleum oliv., f Sjlxiij ; aquae, q. s.). In the 
Ph. Br. it has the following ingredients: plumbi 
oxidum, lb. v; ol. olivse, lb. x; aquae, lb. v. A plaster 
of red lead, Emplastrum e minio, was formerly offici- 
nal; prepared much in the same way as emplas- 
trum plumbi, but it was called black plaster. See 
Emplastrum oxidi ferri rubri. E. plum'bi io'didi, 
Iodide of lead plaster, is officinal in the Ph. Br.; 
made by mixing iodide of lead, lead plaster, and 
resin. E. polychres'tum, E. resinae. E. potas'sii 
io'didi, Plaster of iodide of potassium (potass, iodid., 
thus, cera, ol. oliv.). Spread on leather, it is applied 
to indolent tumors. E. resi'nse (Ph. U. S.), Resin 
plaster, Common adhesive or sticking plaster (resin, 
pulv., ; emp. plumb., §xl; cera flava, ; em- 
ployed in wounds and ulcers as a retaining dressing. 
E. resino'sum, E. resinae. E. resol'vens (soap plaster, 
conium plaster, plaster of gum resins, and mercurial 
plaster). E. ro'borans, E. ferri (Ph. U. S.); E. oxidi 
ferri rubri. E. rube'fians, E. lyttae. E. sapona'- 
ceum or sapona'tum, E. saponis. E. sapo'nis (Ph. U. 
Si), Soap plaster (sapon., ; emplast. plumb., sjix; aquae, 
q. s.); mild discutient to tumors, corns, etc. E. 
sapo'nis fus'cum, brown soap plaster (curd soap, yel- 
low wax, olive oil, oxide of lead, vinegar); this is not 
strictly a plaster; it is the analogue of soap cerate, 
formerly officinal in Ph. U. S. E. sim'plex, E. cerse. 
E. sper'matis ce'ti, ceratum cetacei. E. thap'sise, 
thapsia plaster. E. thu'ris, Frankincense plaster (emp. 
lithargyri, thus, oxid. ferri rubr.); use, same as 
plaster of red oxide of iron. E. ves'icans, E. lyttae. 
E. vesicato'rium, blister; E.lyttae. E. de Vi'go cum 
mercu'rio emenda'tum, E. hydrargyri compositum. 
Emplattomenus, em-plat-tom'en-us (emplasso, to 
spread upon). Substance which, when applied to the 
skin, is supposed to close the pores. 
Empleu'rum serrula'tum. Plant of S. Africa, 
sometimes used as substitute for buchu. 
Empneumatosis, em-nu-mat-o'sis (em, pneuma, air). 
Emphysema; inspiration ; tympanitis. 
Empodis'tic (empodizo, to hinder). Preventive. 
Emporium, em-po're-um (em, poreuo, to transport or 
send). The brain, because all mental affairs are 
transacted in it. E. spirit'uum, sensorium. 
Emposis, em'po-sis (em, posis, drink). Imbibition. 
Empresiomania, em-pres-e-o-man'e-ah (empresmos, 
burning). Pyromania. 
Empresis (em-pre'sis) (em, presis, burning), Em- 
pres'ma, or Empres'mus. Inflammation. E. bron- 
chi'tis, cynanche trachealis. E. bronchlemmi'tis, 
cynanche trachealis. E. cardi'tis, carditis. E. ceph- 
ali'tis, phrenitis. E. cysti'tis, cystitis. E. enteri'- 
tis, enteritis. E. gastri'tis, gastritis. E. hepati'tis, 
hepatitis. E. hysteri'tis, metritis. E. nephri'tis, 
nephritis. E. orchi'tis, hernia humoralis. E. oti'tis, 
otitis. E. paristhmi'tis, cynanche. E. paristhmi'- 
tis pharynge'a, cynanche pharyngea. E. paristh- 
mi'tis tonsilla'ris, cynanche tonsillaris. E. par- 
isthmi'tis tonsilla'ris malig'na, cynanche maligna. 
E. paroti'tis, cynanche parotidsea. E. peritoni'tis, 
peritonitis. E. peritoni'tis mesenter'ica, mesenter- 
itis. E. peritoni'tis omenta'lis, epiploitis. E. pleu- 
ri'tis, pleuritis. E. pleuri'tis diaphragmat'ica, dia- 
phragmitis. E. pneumoni'tis, pneumonia. E. splen- 
i'tis, splenitis. 
Empresmomania, em-pres-mo-man'e-ah (empresmos, 
burning). Pyromania. 
Empresmus, em-pres'mus. Empresma. 
Emprion, em'pre-on (em, prion, a saw). Serrated. 
The pulse when the sensation produced by the artery 
under the fingers is like that caused by the unequal 
teeth of a saw. 
Emprosthocyrtoma (em - pros - tho - sur - to' mah) or 
Emprosthocyrto'sis (emprosthen, forward, kurtos, 
bent). Curvature of the vertebral column forward. 
Emprosthomeloph'orus (emprosthen, forward, melos, 
374 
EMULSIO 
member, phoreo, to possess). Monstrosity having su- 
pernumerary parts of the neck or thorax. 
Emprosthotonus (em-pros-thot'on-us) or Empros- 
thotonia, em-pros-tho-ton'eah (emprosthen, forward, 
teino, to stretch, to extend). Variety of tetanus in 
which the body is drawn forward by permanent con- 
traction of the muscles. 
Empsychosis, em-se-ko'sis (em, psuche, life; to ani- 
mate, to vivify). Act of animating. Union of the 
soul with the body. 
Emptoe (em'to-e) or Empto'ica pas'sio, or Emp- 
tysis, em'tis-is. Haemoptysis. 
Emptysma, em-tis'mah. Sputum; saliva. 
Empye, em'pe-e. Empyema. 
Empyema, em-pe-a'mah (em,puon, pus). Collection 
of pus and, conventionally, of other fluid in some 
cavity of the body, and particularly in that of the 
pleura. One of the terminations of pleuritis. E. 
artic'uli, abscess of a joint. E. necessita'tis, em- 
pyema in which an external pulsating tumor is pres- 
ent, caused by the pus burrowing through the inter- 
costal spaces. E. pul'sans or pulsat'ing, variety of 
thoracic empyema in which a collection of pus pulsates 
with the respiratory movements or the beats of the 
heart. E., true, pleural empyema, suppuration being 
from the pleura itself. 
Empyesis, em-pe-a'sis. Suppuration; abscess of 
internal organs; eruption of phlegmonous pimples, 
gradually filling with a purulent fluid and terminat- 
ing in thick scabs, frequently leaving pits or scabs, 
Pustulous exanthem. E. oczuli, hypopyon; suppura- 
tion of ball of eye. E. pec'toris, empyema. E. 
vari'ola, variola. 
Empy'isis or Empyis'mus (empueo, to cause expec- 
toration of pus). Production of purulent disease of 
the lungs. 
Empyocele, em-pe-o-se'le (Eng. em-pi'o-seel) (em, 
puon, pus, kele, tumor). Tumor formed by an accumu- 
lation of pus in the scrotum ; suppuration of the tes- 
ticle ; empyema of the tunica vaginalis; accumula- 
tion of pus in the cavity of a hernial sac; abscess in 
the areolar texture of the scrotum. 
Empyomphalus, em-pe-om'fal-us (em, puon, pus, 
omphalos, navel). Suppurating tumor at the umbili- 
cus ; umbilical hernia, the sac of which is filled with 
blood. 
Empyos, em'pe-os. Purulent. 
Empyreuma, em-pir-oo'mah (em, pur, fire). Burnt 
smell and acrid taste which volatile products contract 
when animal or vegetable substances are decomposed 
by a strong heat; due to empyreumatic oil, result of its 
decomposition. 
Empyreumatic, em-pir-oo-mat'ik. Belonging to 
empyreuma. Produced by destructive distillation of 
animal or vegetable matters. E. oil, volatile oil re- 
sulting from destructive distillation of organic mat- 
ters. 
Empyrus, em'pir-us (em, pur, fire). Feverish. 
Empyus, em'pe-us (em, puon, pus). Purulent. 
Emulgent, e-mul'jent (emulgeo, to milk out). Renal 
artery and vein were so called because the ancients 
imagined they milked, as it were, the urine from the 
kidneys. See Renal. 
Emulsiflca'tion. Formation of expulsion, as in 
pharmacy; in digestion of oily matters in the duode- 
num ; in last stages of fatty degeneration, etc. 
Emulsify, e-mul'se-fi (emulsio, fio, to become). To 
make or form an emulsion. 
Emulsin, e-mul'sin. Ferment derived from al- 
monds. See Amygdalin. 
Emulsio, e-mul'se-o (same etymon as Emulgent). 
Emulsion; pharmaceutical preparation, of a milky- 
white opaque appearance, composed Of oil divided 
and held in suspension in water by means of muci- 
lage. Emulsions are composed of resinous substances, 
balsams, or camphor, rubbed up with dilute alcohol, 
mucilage, or yolk of egg. E. aca'ciae, Gum arable emul- 
sion. This was formerly in the Ph. E., consisting of 
decorticated almonds, sugar, water, and mucilage. 
Mistura acacise, Gum arabic mixture, was a similar prep- 
aration. E. ammoni'aci, ammoniac mixture. E. am- EMULSION 
yg'dal® (Ph. U. S.), Almond emulsion, mixture, or milk; 
consisted also of sweet almonds, gum arabic, sugar, 
and water; diluent and demulcent. E. antihyster'- 
ica, mistura asafetid®. E. Arab'ica, emulsio acaci® 
Arabic®. E. cam'phor®, Camphor emulsion, made of 
camphor, almonds, sugar, and water, was used as a 
convenient form for giving camphor. E. chlorofor'- 
mi, chloroform mixture. E. guaiaci'na, mistura 
guaiaci. E. len'iens, looch ex ovo. E. o'lei amyg- 
dala'rum, Emulsion of oil of almonds ; made of oil of 
almonds, gum arabic, syrup, and water; a good pec- 
toral or cough mixture. E. o. rici'ni, Castor oil emul- 
sion; aperient. E. 0. terebin'thin®, Emulsion of oil 
of turpentine; made as follows: ol. tereb. rect., Qij ; 
sacch. alb., vitell. ovi, j ; emuls. amygd. or aqu® 
destill., ovj ; in rheumatic and nephritic affections. 
Dose, E. pur'gans cum jalap'® resi'nH, 
Purging emulsion with resin of jalap; a mixture of 
resin of jalap, white sugar, and yolk of egg, simple 
emulsion, and orange-flower water. E. p. cum o'leo 
ric'ini, Purging emulsion with castor oil; contained in 
the French Codex, the emulsion being made with cas- 
tor oil, powdered gum arabic, distilled peppermint- 
water, water, and syrup. E. p. cum scammo'nio, Purg- 
ing emulsion with scammony; made by rubbing up scam- 
mony with white sugar, and adding milk and cherry- 
laurel water (French Codex). E. resl'n® guai'aci, 
mistura guaiaci. E. sim'plex, E. amygdalae. 
Emulsion, e-mul-'shun. Emulsio. E., al'monel, 
emulsio amygdalae. E., cam'phor, emulsio camphor®. 
E., cas'tor oil, emulsio olei ricini. E., gum ar'abic, 
emulsio acaciae Arabic®. E. of oil of almonds, emul- 
sio olei amygdalarum. E. of oil of tur'pentine, 
emulsio olei terebinthin®. E., pancreat'ic, see Pan- 
creatin. E., purg'ing, with resin of jalap, emulsio 
purgans cum jalap® resina. E., purg'ing, with scam'- 
mony, emulsio purgans cum scammonio. 
Emulsive, e-mul'siv. Term for seeds whence oil 
may be expressed, as almonds, hemp, etc., of nuts, and 
cucurbitaceous and cruciferous plants in general. 
Emulsum, e-mul'sum. Emulsion. 
Emunctorium, e-munk-to're-um. Emunctory. E. 
cer'ebri, the nose. 
Emunctory, e-munk'to-re (emungo, to drain off). 
Organ or canal for issue of excrementitious matters. 
Emun'dant (e, mwndo, to cleanse). Detergent. 
Emusculatus, e-mus-ku-lat'us. Without muscles; 
applied to limbs when so extenuated that the muscles 
cannot be distinguished. 
Emydin, em'id-in (emus, tortoise). Albuminoid of 
turtles' eggs. 
En. In composition, see Em. 
Enadelphia, en-ad-el'fe-ah (en, adelphos, a brother). 
F®tus developed or born within a fetus; f. in fetu. 
En®ma, en-e'ma (en, haima, blood). Hematostatic. 
En®mon, en-e'mon. Styptic. 
En®orema, en-e-o-ra'mah (en, aioreo, to lift up). 
Cloud suspended in the urine as it cools. 
Enamel (en-am'el), E. of the teeth. Adamantine or 
vitreous substance. Substance covering coron® of the 
teeth; of a milky white color, and very hard. It con- 
sists of a congeries of minute hexagonal rods. The 
fibres of the enamel are perpendicular to the surface 
of the teeth, on the ivory of which they seem planted, 
as it were, giving them a velvety appearance when 
examined by the microscope. The enamel has no 
blood-vessels, and is not renewed when removed. It 
is formed of phosphate of lime, with traces of other 
calcium and magnesium salts, and a very small portion 
of animal matter. A delicate membrane covers the 
enamel-cuticula, cuticle of the enamel, Nasmyth's 
membrane, persistent capsule of Nasmyth-but closely 
united with it; can be demonstrated only by the use 
of chlorohydric acid. See Cuticula. E. cap, portion 
of enamel organ on top of dental papilla. E. cells, 
cells forming enamel organ. E. cu'tlcle, see Enamel. 
E. germ, see Groove, dental. E. mem'brane, columnar 
epithelium covering the enamel. E. or'gan, later 
stage of development of enamel germ; see Tooth. E. 
rods, see Enamel. 
Enanthema, en-an-tha'mah (en, antheo, to bloom). 
375 
ENCEPHALOCELE 
Eruption of the mucous membrane; exanthema being 
an eruption of the skin. 
Enanthesis, en-an-tha'sis. Eash exanthem. Erup- 
tion of red, level, or nearly level diffused patches, 
often confluent, terminating in cuticular exfoliations, 
as scarlet fever, measles, etc. E. rosa'lia, scarlatina. 
E. urtlca'ria, urticaria. 
Enantlopathic, en-an-te-o-path'ik {enantios, oppo- 
site, pathos, affection). Palliative. 
Enantiop'athy (same etymon). One disease op- 
posed to another; allopathy. 
Enantio'sis {enantios, contrary). Allopathy. 
Enarthro'dial (en, arthron, joint). Eelating to en- 
arthrosis. E. joint, ball-and-socket joint; enarthrosis. 
Enarthrosis, en-arth-ro'sis {en, arthrosis, articula- 
tion). Ball-and-socket joint. Diarthrodial articulation, 
in which the head of a bone is received into the 
cavity of another, and can be moved in all directions, 
as the hip joint. 
Enarthrum, en-arth'rum (era, arthron, joint). For- 
eign body in a joint. 
Enau'lia. Inner chamber; cavity of vulva. 
Enausma, en-aus'mah {en, auo, to kindle). Sub- 
stance supposed to retain contagious effluvia. 
Encanthis, en-kan'this (en, kanthos, angle of the eye). 
Tumor formed by an increase in size, or a degenera- 
tion, of the caruncula lacrymalis. Morbid growth in 
the inner angle of the eye. E. benig'na, simple ex- 
crescence of the caruncula ; commonly yields to astrin- 
gent collyria. E. calculo'sa, tumor formed of con- 
cretions or calculi in the caruncle of the eye. E. car- 
cinomento'sa or fungo'sa, condition of the semilunar 
fold and lacrymal caruncle in which they are the seat 
of morbid growths. E. inflammato'ria, inflammation 
with enlargement of the semilunar fold and lacrymal 
caruncle. E. malig'na, often cancerous, and requires 
early extirpation. E. scirrho'sa, E. maligna. 
Encarditis, en-kar-de'tis. Endocarditis. 
Encarpus, en-kar'pus (en, karpos, fruit). Pregnant. 
Encasing, en-ka'sing. Inclusion of germs. 
Encatalep'sis. Apoplexy ; correctly, catalepsy. 
Encatarrhaph'ia (en, katarrhaphos, stitched to- 
gether). Operation of stitching together the edges 
of a cut made around a portion of skin. 
Encathisma, en-kath-iz'mah (en, kathizo, to seat 
upon). Vapor-bath taken sitting. 
Encauma, en-kaw'mah {en, kauo, to burn). Ulcer 
of transparent cornea, occasioning loss of humors. 
Encausis, en-kaw'sis. Burn; moxibustion; cau- 
terization. 
Encaustum, en-kaw'stum. Enamel. 
Enceinte (F.) (en, cingo, to surround). Pregnant. 
Encephalae 'mia. Hypersemia of the brain. 
Encephalal'gia {encephalon, algos, pain). Head- 
ache. E. hydrop'ica, hydrocephalus internus. 
Encephalanalosis, en-sef-al-an-al-o'sis {analosis, 
wasting away). Atrophy of the brain. 
Encephalauxe, en-sef-al-awx'e {auxe, increase). 
Hypertrophy of the brain. 
Encephalelcosis, en-sef-al-el-ko'sis {helcosis, ulcera- 
tion). Ulceration of the brain. 
Enceph'alin. A nitrogenous glucoside derived 
from brain-tissue; Ces.iHu.eNsOiT. 
Encephal'lon (dim. of Encephalon). Cerebellum. 
Encephalis, en-sef'al-is. Situate in the head; re- 
lating to the brain. E. nerves, cranial nerves. E. 
ves'icles, cerebral vesicles. 
Encephalitis, en - sef - al - e' tis. Synonymous with 
Cephalitis and Phrenitis. Inflammation of the brain, 
in contradistinction to that of the membranes of the 
brain. Meningo-cerebritis. E. exsudato'ria or infan'- 
tum, hydrocephalus internus. E. insolatio'nis, inso- 
lation. E. membrano'sa or peripher'ica, meningitis. 
E. potato'rum, delirium tremens. E. suppurati'va, 
abscess of the brain. 
Encephal'ium (dim. of Encephalon). Cerebellum. 
Encephalocele, en-sef-al-o-se'le (Eng. en-sef'al-o- 
seel) {encephalon, kele, tumor). Hernia of the brain; 
may be congenital or accidental; in the former case 
dependent upon tardy ossification of the fontanelles 
or faulty conformation; in the latter, owing to con- ENCEPHALOCHYSIS J 
siderable loss of substance in the parietes of the cra- 
nium from fractures, wounds, caries, the application 
of the trephine, etc. Protrusion of the membranes 
of the brain, containing fluid, but no cerebral sub- 
stance, is called meningocele and hydromeningocele. 
E., ante'rior or fron'tal, condition of a monster 
whose encephalon is situate, in a great measure, out 
of, and in advance of, the cranium, which is open in 
the frontal region. E., or'bital, congenital condition 
consisting of cyst containing cephalo-spinal fluid and 
brain matter, protruding through the fissure between 
the ethmoid and frontal bones. 
Encephalochysis, en-sef-al-ok'is-is {encephalon, chuo, 
to pour out). Hydrocephalus internus. E. seni'lis, 
apoplexy, serous. 
Encephalodialysis {dialusis, dissolution). Dissolu- 
tion or softening of the brain. 
Encephalodynia, en-sef-al-o-din'e-ah {encephalon, 
odwne, pain). Cephalalgia; encephalalgia. 
Encephaloedema, en-sef-al-e-de'mah. CEdema of 
the brain. 
Encephalohaemia, en-sef-al-o-he'me-ah {encephalon, 
haima, blood). Cephaleemia. 
Encephaloid, en-sef'al-oid {encephalon, eidos, resem- 
blance). Resembling brain. Cephaloid, cephaloma. 
Soft cancer; name given to it in consequence of its 
resemblance, when fully developed, to the medullary 
substance of the brain. It has also been called Spon- 
goid inflammation, Miltlike tumor, Medullary cancer or 
sarcoma, Cellular cancer, Fungoid or Hsemato-cerebriform 
disease or cancer. See Cancer. 
The following table exhibits the distinctive charac- 
teristics of encephaloid and scirrhus: 
376 
ENCEPH ALOTH LI PTUS 
Encephalolith, en-sef'al-o-lith {encephalon, lithos, 
stone). Calcareous or other concretion in the hrain. 
The formation of such concretions is called Encephalo- 
lithiasis. 
Encephalology, en-sef-al-ol'o-je {encephalon, logos, 
description). Description of the encephalon or its 
anatomy and physiology. 
Encephaloma, en-sef-al-o'mah. Tumor of the brain; 
encephaloid tumor. E. melano'des, melanotic can- 
cer. E. vulga're, medullary carcinoma; M. sarcoma. 
Encephalomalacia, en-sef-al-o-mal-ah'se-ah {en- 
cephalon, malakia, softness), Encephalomalacosis (en- 
sef-al-o-mal-ak-o'sis), or Encephalomalaxis, en-sef-al- 
o-mal-aks'is. Softening of the brain; mollifies cerebri. 
Encephalomeningi'tis. Meniugocephalitis. Cere- 
bral meningitis. 
Encephalomeningocele, en-sef-al-o-men-in-go-se'le 
(Eng. en-sef-al-o-men-in'go-seel). Hernia of the en- 
cephalon and its membranes. 
Encephalom'eter. Instrument to determine cor- 
responding points in the brain and on the skull. 
Encephalo-myalopathy, en-sef'al-o-mi-al-op'ath-e. 
Simultaneous morbid condition of the brain and spinal 
cord. 
Encephalon, en-sef'al-on {en, kephale, head). That 
which is situate in the head. The brain, cerebellum, 
and mesocephalon; at times including the medulla 
spinalis, when it is also called the cerebro-spinal and 
neural axis. Under the cranio-spinal axis or centre 
of automatic action have been included the sensory 
ganglia-the respiratory and stomato-gastric ganglia, 
forming the centre of the medulla oblongata and the 
spinal ganglia or true spinal cord. 
i Encephalonarcosis, en-sef-al-o-nar-ko'sis. Stupe- 
faction of the brain; stupor. 
Encephalopathia, en-sef-al-o-path-e'ah {encephalon, 
pathos, disease). Encephalopathy; disease of the 
encephalon. E. literato'rum, condition of the brain 
produced by overtasking it. E. puerpera'lis, puer- 
peral mania. E. saturni'na, encephalic disorder pro- 
duced by lead-poisoning. 
Encephalopathy, en-sef-al-op'ath-e. Disease of the 
brain. E., albuminu'ric, E., uraemic. E., crap'ulous, 
delirium tremens. E., gout'y, cerebral gout. E., 
rheumat'ic, cerebral rheumatism. E., syphilit'ic, 
cerebral syphilis. E., urse'mic, albuminuric convul- 
sions. 
Encephalophthisis, en-sef-al-o-te'sis. See Enceph- 
alopyosis. 
Encephalophyma, en-sef-al-o-fe'mah {encephalon, 
phuma, tumor). Tumor or tubercle of the brain. 
Encephalopyosis, en-sef-al-o-pi-o'sis {encephalon, 
puon, pus). Suppuration of the brain; when accom- 
panied with emaciation and hectic, it is called 
Encephalophthisis. 
Encephalorhachidian, en - sef - al - o - rak - id' e - an. 
Cephalospinal. 
Encephalorrhagia, en-sef-al-or-rhaj'e-ah {enceph- 
alon, rhage, breaking forth). Hemorrhage of the 
brain. See Apoplexy. 
Encephalorrhois, en-sef-al-or'rho-is. Brain symp- 
toms due to stoppage of hemorrhoidal discharge. 
Encephaloscopy, en - sef - al - os' ko - pe {encephalon, 
skopeo, to examine). Cranioscopy; craniology. 
Encephalosepsis, en-sef-al-o-sep'sis {encephalon, sepo, 
to corrupt). Softening of the brain. 
Encephalosis, en-sef-al-o'sis. Encephaloid tumor; 
formation of an encephaloma. E. of the liver, can- 
cer of the liver. 
Encephalosismus, en-sef-al-o-sis'mus {encephalon, 
seismos, shaking). Concussion of the brain. 
Encephalo-spinal, en-sef'al-o-spi'nal. Cerebro- 
spinal. 
Encephalospon'gia {spongia, sponge). Fungous 
disease of the brain. 
Encephalostrumosis, en-sef-al-o-stru-mo'sis {enceph- 
alon, struma, scrofula). See Hydrocephalus internus. 
Encephalothlipsis, en-sef-al-o-thlip'sis {thlipsis, 
pressure). Compression of the brain. 
Encephalothliptus, en-sef-al-o-thlip'tus (same ety- 
mon). Affected with compression of the brain; 
Encephaloid. 
Resembles lobulated cere- 
bral matter. 
Is commonly opaque from 
its earliest formation. 
Is of a dead-white color. 
Contains a multitude of 
minute vessels. 
Is less hard and dense than 
scirrhus. 
Is frequently found in the 
veins issuing from the dis- 
eased mass. 
The predominant micro- 
scopical elements are globular, 
not always distinctly cellular, 
and caudate corpuscula. 
Occasionally attains an 
enormous bulk. 
Has been observed in almost 
every tissue of the body. 
Very commonly co-exists in 
several parts or organs of the 
same subject. 
Is remarkable for its occa- 
sional vast rapidity of growth. 
Is frequently the seat of in- 
terstitial hemorrhage and de- 
position of black or bistre- 
colored matter. 
When softened into a pulp, 
appears as a dead-white or 
pink opaque matter of creamy 
consistence. 
Subcutaneous tumors are 
slow to contract adhesion 
with the skin. 
Ulcerated encephaloid is 
frequently the seat of hemor- 
rhage, followed by rapid fun- 
gous development. 
The progress of the disease 
after ulceration is commonly 
very rapid. 
It is the most common form 
under which secondary cancer 
exhibits itself. 
Is the species of cancer 
most frequently observed in 
young subjects. 
SCIRRHUS. 
Resembles rind of bacon 
traversed by cellulo-flbrous 
septa. 
Has a semi-transparent 
glossiness. 
Has a clear whitish or blu- 
ish-yellow tint. 
Is comparatively ill sup- 
plied with vessels. e* 
Is exceedingly firm and 
dense. 
Has not been distinctly de- 
tected in this situation. 
The main microscopical 
constituents are juxtaposed 
nuclear cells; caudate cor- 
puscula do not exist in it. 
Rarely acquires larger di- 
mensions than an orange. 
Its seat, as ascertained by 
observation, is somewhat 
more limited. 
Is not usually solitary. 
Ordinarily grows slowly. 
Is comparatively rarely the 
seat of these changes. 
Resembles, when softened, 
a yellowish-brown, semitrans- 
parent gelatinous matter. 
Scirrhus thus situate usu- 
ally becomes adherent. 
Scirrhous ulcers much less 
frequently give rise to hemor- 
rhage; and fungous growths 
(provided they retain the scir- 
rhous character) are now 
more slowly and less abun- 
dantly developed. 
There is not such a remark- 
able change in the rate of 
progress of the disease after 
ulceration has set in. 
Is much less common before 
puberty. ENCEPHALOTOME 
monster whose brain is absent or has been compressed 
during labor until it is a shapeless mass. 
Encepii'alotome. Knife or instrument with which 
to perform encephalotomy, or to obtain sections of the 
brain for examination. 
Encephalotomy, en-sef-al-ot'o-me (encephalon, tome, 
incision). Dissection of the brain; incision into the 
brain; emptying the foetal brain by operation on it 
during parturition. 
Encephalotrauma, en-sef-al-o-traw'mah (encephalon, 
trauma, wound). Injury to the brain by violence or 
external causes. 
Encephalotrausis, en-sef-al-o-traw'sis (same ety- 
mon). Act of wounding the brain. 
Encephalotyloma, en - sef - al - o - til-o' mah (tuloma, 
callosity or growth). Tumor or tubercle of the brain. 
Encephalotyphus, en-sef-al-o-ti'phus. Cerebral 
typhus. 
Encephalozoa, en-sef-al-o-zo'ah. Animals having 
their habitat in the brain; those having a brain. 
Enceph'alum or Encephalus, en-sef'al-us. En- 
cephalon. E. opis'thius (opisthios, behind), cerebellum. 
Encerosis (en, keros, wax). Inceration. 
Encharaxis, en-kar-aks'is (en, charasso, to scarify). 
Scarification. 
Encharus, en'kar-us. Pancreas. 
Encheire'sis, Enchire'sis, or Enchei'ria (en, cheir, 
hand). Dissection; manual treatment of any subject; 
manipulation. 
Enchilema, en-kil-a'mah. Enchylema. 
Enchon'drial (en, chondr os, cartilage). Relating to 
the interior of cartilage. 
Enchondroma, en-kon-dro'mah (en, chondros, car- 
tilage). Cartilaginous tumor on bone; chondroma. 
E., gelatinous, E. molle. E. of lung, secondary 
growths in the lungs, generally succeeding tumors in 
other organs. E. mol'le, jelly-like form of enchon- 
droma. E. muco'sum or myxomato'des, E. mainly 
composed of cartilage, but having mucous or mucoid 
tissue intermingled with it. E., perios'teal or pe- 
riph'eric, E. growing from the periosteum. 
Enchondrosis, en-kon-dro'sis (same etymon). Local 
outgrowth from pre-existing cartilage; enchondroma. 
Enchorionosus, en-ko-re-on'o-sus (en, choros, place, 
nosos, disease). Endemic. 
Encho'rius. Endemic; indigenous. 
Enchrio'ma or Enchriston, en-kris'ton (en, chrio, 
to anoint). Liniment. 
Enchusa, en-ku'sah. Anchusa. 
Enchyle'ma (en, chulos, juice). Any matter formed 
in the reticulum of protoplasm. 
Enchylosis, en-kil-o'sis (enkulizo, to press out juice). 
Extraction; suggillation. 
Enchyma, en'kim-ah (en, chuo, to pour). Infusion; 
plethora; blastema. 
Enchymoma (en-kim-o'mah) or Enchymo'sis 
(same etymon). Sudden effusion of blood into the 
cutaneous vessels from emotion; blushing, for ex- 
ample. In Ecchymosis there is extravasation of blood 
into the areolar tissue from external cause, as con- 
tusion. 
Enchysis, en'kis-is. Infusion. 
Enchyta, en'kyt-ah. Syringe or material employed 
for injection. 
Enclisis, en'klis-is. Bending or inclination. 
Enclitic, en-klit'ik. Oblique or inclined, as the 
foetal head. See Syn clitic. 
Enclydastic, en-kle-das'tik (en, kluzo, to wash). 
Floating in or between; applied to liquids, as serum, 
pus, etc., contained in a cavity. 
Enclysma, en-kliz'mah (en, kluzo, to wash). Clyster. 
Enccelia, en-se'le-ah (en, koilia, belly). Abdominal 
viscera. 
Enccelialgia, en-se-le-al'je-ah (encoelia, algos, pain). 
Abdominal pain; tormina. E. inflammato'ria, en- 
coelitis. 
Encoelitis or Encoeliitis, en-se-le-e'tis. Inflamma- 
tion of any abdominal viscus. 
Encoel'ius. Within the abdomen. 
Encoleosis, en-kol-e-o'sis (koleos, sheath). Invagi- 
nation. 
377 
ENDEMY 
Encolpismus, en-kol-piz'mus (kolpos, vagina). In- 
jection or introduction of anything into the vagina. 
Material employed for this purpose. 
Encolpitis, en-kol-pe'tis (en, kolpos, vagina). In- 
flammation of the lining membrane of the vagina. 
Encope, en'ko-pe (en, kopto, to cut). Diacope, in- 
cision. 
Encranial, en-kra'ne-al. Within the skull; intra- 
cranial. 
Encranion (en-kran'e-on) or Encranis, eu-kran'is 
(en, kranion, the skull). Cerebellum. 
Encyesis, en-ce-a'sis (en, kuesis, pregnancy). Fe- 
cundation ; pregnancy. 
Encymon, en'sim-on (en, kuo, to be pregnant). 
Pregnancy. 
Encymoplasma, en-sym-o-plaz'mah (en, kuo, to be 
pregnant, plasma). Product of parturient uterus. 
Encymosia, en-sim-o'ze-ah. Fecundation; preg- 
nancy. 
Encyocolica, en-se-o-kol'ik-ah (en, kuo, to be preg- 
nant, kolikos, colicky). Colic during pregnancy. 
Encysis, en'sis-is. Pregnancy, parturition. 
Encystation (en-sist-a'shun) or Encystment, en- 
sist'ment. State of being encysted. 
Encysted, en-sis'ted (en, kustis, bladder). Saccated, 
Sacculated, Pouched. Enclosed in a cyst or pouch. 
Epithet given to certain solid or fluid collections 
enclosed in a particular envelope or cyst. Such 
enclosure has been termed Encystment. 
Encystes or Encystis, en-sis'tis. Encysted tumor. 
End. Extremity. E. bulbs or buds, terminal nerve- 
corpuscles, similar to the Pacinian and touch-cor- 
puscles, first particularly described by Krause; seen 
in the lips, tongue, palate, genitals, etc. E. or'gan, 
apparatus for ending of nerve-fibres at the surface 
of the body. E. o., tac'tile, end bulb. E. plates, 
small bodies in which nerves terminate, varying 
from to of an inch in diameter, formed of 
an expansion of the end of a nerve-fibre with a 
small quantity of connective tissue. They are fixed 
to the muscular fibres. 
Endadelphia, end-ad-el'fe-ah (endo, adelphos, 
brother). Enadelphia. Condition of foetus developed 
or born within a foetus-Endadelphus. 
Endangeitis, end-an-ge-e'tis. Inflammation of 
the endangium. 
Endangeium (end-an'ge-um) or Endangium, prop- 
erly Endangion (endo, angeion, vessel). Serous or lin- 
ing membrane of vessels. 
Endaortitis, end-ah-or-te'tis (endo, within, aorta, 
itis, inflammation). Inflammation of lining mem- 
brane of the aorta. 
Endarteritis or Endarteriitis, end-ar-ter-e-e'tis 
(endo, arteriitis, inflammation of an artery). Inflam- 
mation of the inner coat of an artery. E. chron'ica 
defor'mans or nodo'sa, chronic inflammation of the 
lining membrane of an artery, with degeneration and 
deposits-arteriosclerosis. E. oblit'erans or oblitera- 
ti'va, occlusive inflammation of arteries, chiefly the 
smaller ones. E. syphilit'ica, E. obliterans. E. tu- 
berculo'sa, endarteritis of tuberculous origin. 
Endeictic, en-dike'tik. Indicant. 
Endeixiology, en-dikes-e-ol'o-je (endeixis, logos, dis- 
course). Doctrine of indications. 
Endeixis, en-dikes'is (en, logos, deiknumi, to show). 
Indication. 
Endemia, en-dem'e-ah. Endemic disease. 
Endem'ic or Endemical, en-dem'ik-al (en, demos, 
the people). Disease is said to be endemic or to arise 
from endemicity when owing to some peculiarity in 
situation or locality. Thus, ague is endemic in 
marshy countries; goitre at the base of lofty moun- 
tains, etc. Indigenous. E. haematu'ria, variety of 
haematuria caused by a fluke, the Bilharzia haema- 
tobia. 
Endemicity, en-dem-is'it-e. See Endemic. 
Endem'io-epidem'ic. Having the characters of an 
endemic and epidemic combined. See Epidemy. 
Endemiology, en-dem-e-ol'o-je. Doctrine of en- 
demic diseases. 
Endemy, en'dem-e. Endemic. ENDEPIDERMIS 
Endepidermis, en-dep-e-dur'mis. Epithelium. 
Endermic (en-dur'mic) or Endermatic, en-dur- 
mat'ik (en, derma, skin). Emplastro-endermic. Liter- 
ally, in the skin; epithet given to the method of 
treating diseases by placing the therapeutical agent 
in contact with the skin, especially after the cuticle 
has been removed-endermic method, endermism. 
Morphia, strychnia, etc. are sometimes administered 
in this way. 
Endermism, en-dur'mizm. See Endermic. 
Endermoses, en-dur-mo'zees. Eruptive diseases of 
the intestinal canal. 
Endermosis, eu-dur-mo'sis. Endermic method. 
Enderon, en'dur-on (en, deros, skin). Subepithelial 
layer of the whole body. 
Endesis, en'des-is (en, deo, to bind). Ligature, 
bandage, connection; ankle-joint. 
Endesma, en-dez'mah. Ligature. 
Endin'ion. Point on internal surface of cranium 
corresponding to the inion externally. 
Endive, en'div. Cichorium endivia. E., wild, Ci- 
chorium intybus. 
Endivia, en-div'e-ah. Cichorium endivia. 
Endixis, en-diks'is (en, deiknumi, to show). Indica- 
tion. 
End-lobe. Round extremity of occipital lobe of 
brain. 
En'do (endon, within). As a prefix, within. 
En'do-abdom'inal. Within the abdomen. 
Endo-aortitis, en'do-ah-or-te'tis (endo, aortitis, in- 
flammation of the aorta). Inflammation of the lin- 
ing membrane of the aorta. 
Endo-arteritis, en'do-art-er-e'tis (endo, arteritis). 
Inflammation of the lining membrane of an artery. 
Endoblast, en'do-blast (endo, blastos, germ). Cell- 
nucleus. See Periblast, Entoblast. 
Endoblastomere, en-do-blas'to-mere (endo, blastos, 
germ, meros, part). Segment produced by division of 
an ovum in a direction parallel to its equator. 
Endocardiac or Endocardial, en - do - kar' de - al. 
Within the heart. Relating to the endocardium or 
the interior of the heart; in contradistinction to 
exocardiac, exocardial, or extracardial, relating to the 
exterior of the heart. 
Endocarditis, en-do-kar-de'tis. Internal carditis, 
Inflammation of the internal membrane of the heart, 
Bouillaud's disease. The heart's action is visibly in- 
creased and very manifest to the touch; the hand 
is strongly repelled, and at moments is sensible of 
a trembling, vibratory motion. Percussion' gives a 
dull sound over a surface of several inches. On 
auscultation, a bellows sound is generally heard, 
masking one or both sounds of the heart, and the ear 
is sensible of a metallic ringing with each systole of 
the ventricle. Pulsations are rapid as well as strong, 
and, with few exceptions, irregular, unequal, and 
intermittent. The pulse does not always indicate the 
force or number of the heart's contractions. E., 
fi'brinous, E. in which some of the connective tissue 
of the heart is converted into fibrous tissue. E., 
infec'tious, endocarditis, ulcerative. E., pari'etal, E. 
limited to the cardiac wall, not affecting the valves. 
E., plas'tic, E. with plastic effusion, affecting the 
action of the valves, and contraction and dilatation 
of the heart, thus causing abnormal murmurs, etc. 
E., sclerot'ic, E. attended with thickening and in- 
creased development of connective tissue of the 
valves of the heart. E., ul'cerative, septic form of 
endocarditis; generally a sequence of blood-poison- 
ing, the ulcers passing through the valves and in- 
vading the muscular walls of the heart. 
Endocardium, en-do-kar'de-um (endo, kardia, heart). 
Membrane lining the interior of the heart. 
Endocervicitis, en-do-sur-ve-se'tis. Inflammation 
of lining membrane of cervix uteri. 
Endochondral, en-do-kon'dral (endo, chondros, car- 
tilage). Within cartilage, as E. ossification, develop- 
ment of bone within temporary cartilage. 
Endochorion, en-do-ko're-on. See Chorion. 
Endocolitis, en-do-ko-le'tis (endo, colon, itis). Dys- 
entery. 
378 
ENDOMETRORRHAGIA 
Endocolpitis, en-do-kol-pe'tis. Inflammation of 
the vagina. 
Endocranitis, en-do-kran-e'tis. Inflammation of 
external layer of the dura mater. 
Endocranium, en-do-kran'e-um. Inner surface of 
the skull. 
Endocrome, en'do-krome (endo, chroma, color). Pig- 
ment in interior of cells. 
Endocular, end-ok'u-lar (endo, within, oculus, eye). 
Within the eye; intraocular. 
Endocyme (endo, kuma, product of conception). 
Double monster by inclusion. 
Endocymia, en-do-sim'e-ah. Monstrosity alluded 
to under Endocyme. 
Endocyst, en'do-sist. Lining membrane of a hy- 
datid. 
Endocystomati'tis. Inflammation of lining mem- 
brane of a cystic tumor. 
Endocytic, en-do-sit'ik. Within a cell. 
Endode'ca serpenta'ria. Aristolochia serpentaria. 
En'doderm. Innermost layer or lining of simple 
organisms; hypoblast. 
Endodontitis, en-do-don-te'tis (endo, odous, tooth). 
Inflammation of the lining membrane of a tooth. 
Endoenteritis, en-do-en-ter-e'tis. Inflammation of 
the lining membrane of the bowels. See Enteritis. 
Endogastric, en-do-gas'trik (endo, gaster, stomach). 
Within the stomach or abdomen; intra-abdominal. 
Endogastritis, ed-do-gas-tre'tis (endo, gastritis, in- 
flammation of the stomach). Inflammation of the 
lining membrane of the stomach. 
Endogastrius, en-do-gas'tre-us. Engastrius. 
Endogenesis, en-do-jen'es-is. Endogenous forma- 
tion. 
Endogenetic, en-do-jen-et'ik (same etymon). Having 
origin from internal causes. 
Endogenous, en-doj'en-us (endo, gennao, to engender). 
Growing by increase in number or size of internal 
cells or membranes, as E. cells, or cells formed within 
cells, as in the sperm-vesicles. E. an'eurism, aneur- 
ism originating spontaneously from lesions of the 
inner coat of the arteries. 
Endogeny, en-doj'en-e. Endogenesis. 
Endoglobular, en-do-glob'u-lar. Within the blood- 
globules. 
Endognathion, en-do-nath'e-on. Middle part of the 
upper jawbone that has not been united before birth. 
Endokarditis, en-do-kar-de'tis. Endocarditis. 
Endolarynge'al. Within the larynx. 
Endolemma, en-do-lem'mah. Neurilemma. 
Endolymph, en' do - limf. Fluid contained within 
the membranous labyrinth. 
Endolymphangial, en-do-limf-an'je-al. Within the 
lymphatic vessels. 
Endolymphatic. Within the lymphatic vessels. 
Endometritis, en-do-met-re'tis (endo, metritis, inflam- 
mation of the uterus). Inflammation of the lining 
membrane of the uterus. When accompanied with a 
diphtheritic exudation, it is called E. crouposa; when 
the fundus is alone involved, fundal endometritis; 
when of a syphilitic character, E. syphilitica. Cor- 
poreal and cervical endometritis express inflammation 
of the body and neck of the uterus. E., catar'rhal, E. 
accompanied with discharge of mucus. E., cer Ideal, 
inflammation of the cervical portion of the uterus. 
E. decid'ual, inflammation of decidua reflexa or ute- 
rina, or of both membranes. E., diphtheritic, form 
of E. occurring at childbirth from invasion of the 
vagina, uterus, and appendages by diphtheritic virus 
introduced through some exposed part of the genera- 
tive organs. E. disse'cans, E. with tendency to ulcer- 
ative disintegration. E. exfoliati'va, membranous 
dysmenorrhcea. E., fun'dal, E. of fundus of uterus. 
E. fungo'sa, decidual E. accompanied with fungoid or 
polypoid growths. E., mem'branous, E. with forma- 
tion of false membrane; E., diphtheritic. E., sep'tic 
or septicae'mic, E. caused by presence of putrid mat- 
ter or its absorption. 
Endometrium, en-do-met're-um (endo, metra, uterus). 
Lining membrane of the uterus. 
Endometrorrhag'ia (endo, metra, uterus, rhegnumi, to ENDOMETRY 
break forth). Hemorrhage in interior of the uterus; 
metrorrhagia. 
Endometry, en-dom'et-re (endo, matron, measure). 
Measurement of the brain within the cavity of the 
skull. 
Endomyocarditis, en-do-me-o-kard-e'tis (endo, mus, 
muscle, kardia, heart). Endocarditis combined with 
myocarditis or inflammation of the cardiac muscle. 
Endomysium, en-do-mis'e-um (endo, mus, muscle). 
Connective-tissue formation between muscular fibres. 
Endonarteritis, en-don-art-er-e'tis. See Arteritis. 
Endonenteritis, en-don-en-ter-e'tis. Endoenteritis. 
Endonephritis, en-do-nef-re'tis (endo, nephritis, in- 
flammation of kidney). Inflammation of the lining 
membrane of the pelvis of the kidney; nephritis; 
pyelitis. 
Endoneural, en-do-nu'ral (endo, neuron, nerve). 
Enteritis. Relating to the endoneurium. In the in- 
terior of a nerve. 
Endoneurium, en-do-nu're-um (same etymon). 
Connective tissue between nerve-fibrils. 
Endocesophagitis, en-do-e-sof-ah-je'tis. Inflamma- 
tion of lining membrane of the oesophagus. 
Endobstitis, en-do-os-te'tis (endo, osteon, bone). In- 
flammation of medulla of bone. 
Endoparasite, en-do-par'as-ite. Parasite in the 
interior of the body. 
Endopathic, en-do-path'ik (endo, pathos, disease). 
Relating to diseases whose causes are within the body. 
Endopericarditis, en-do-per-e-kar-de'tis. Inflam- 
mation of the endocardium and pericardium. 
Endoperimyocarditis, en-do-per-e-me-o-kard-e'tis. 
Simultaneous existence of endocarditis, pericarditis, 
and myocarditis. 
Endophacine, en - do - fas' een (endo, phake, lens). 
Colorless albuminous fluid obtained from the crystal- 
line lens. 
Endophlebitis, en-do-fleb-e'tis (endo, phleps, vein, 
itis). Inflammation of the inner coat of a vein; 
phlebitis. E. porta'lis, inflammation of the portal 
vein; pyephlebitis. 
Endophyte, en'do-fite (endo, phuton, plant). Vege- 
table parasite in the interior of the body. 
Endoplasm, en'do-plazm (endo, plasso, to form). 
Inner part of protoplasm of a cell. 
En'doplast. Nucleus of cell and cell-body. 
Endoplastic, en-do-plas'tik. Relating to or formed 
of endoplasm. 
Endoplastule, en-do-plas'tule. Nucleolus. 
En'dosarc. Endoplasm. 
Endoscope, en-do'skope (endo, skopeo, to view). In- 
strument for inspecting internal parts, as the specu- 
lum uteri, laryngoscope, etc. Specular arrangement 
for viewing the urethra and bladder. See Cystoscope, 
Urethroscope, Speculum. E., u'terine, modification of 
endoscope for inspection of the interior of the uterus. 
Endoscopy, en-dos'ko-pe. Examination of internal 
parts, especially the urethra, with an endoscope. 
Endosepsis, en-do-sep'sis (endo, sepsis, infection). 
Septic infection from internal causes. 
Endosis, en-do'sis (endosis, giving up). Remission; 
intermission. 
Endoskel'eton. Inner skeleton. See Skeleton. 
Endos'mic. Endosmotic. 
Endosmometer, en - dos - mom' et - ur. Graduated 
tube closed by membrane for estimating the amount 
of osmosis. 
Endosmose, en-dos-moze' (endo, osmos, impulse). 
Double imbibition. Action by which fluids pass from 
without to within organic membranes. Action of two 
fluids on each other when separated by a membrane. 
Endosmose is sometimes used to signify the passage 
of the more transmissible fluid, while exosmose signi- 
fies that of the least transmissible, although, strictly 
speaking, the terms denote passage of fluids inward 
and outward. 
Endosmo'sis. Endosmose. 
Endosmotic (en-dos-mot'ik) or Endosmic, en-dos'- 
mik. Relating to endosmose. 
Endosperm, en'do-spurm (endo, sperma, seed). Em- 
bryo situate in a mass of albumen; albumen. 
379 
ENEMION 
Endospore, en'do-spore (endo, sporos, seed). Spore 
within a minute organism. 
Endosteal, en-dos'te-al (endo, osteum, bone). Relat- 
ing to the interior of bone, or to ossification in its ear- 
liest cartilaginous stages. 
Endosteitis (en-dos-te-e'tis) or Endosti'tis. Inflam- 
mation of the internal periosteum or medullary mem- 
brane of bone; osteomyelitis. 
Endosteum, en-dos'te-um (endo, osteon, bone). Me- 
dullary membrane of bone. 
Endostoma, en-dos-to'mah (same etymon). Morbid 
bony growth in interior of bone. 
Endostosis, en-dos-to'sis (same etymon). Bony de- 
posit in hyaline cartilage. Development of bone in 
interior of cartilage. 
Endothelial, en-do-the'le-al. Relating to the endo- 
thelium. E. carcino'ma, endothelioma. 
Endothelioid, en-do-the'le-oid. Resembling endo- 
thelium. 
Endothelio'ma. Tumor connected with the endo- 
thelium. 
Endothe'lium (endo, thele, nipple). Essential con- 
nective constituent of the blood-vessels, formed of 
flat cells or a delicate nucleated membrane, the en- 
dothelial or perithelial tube, cell-membrane of Remak. 
Endothoracic, en-do-thor-as'ik. Within the thorax 
or chest. 
En'dotome (endo, tome, incision). Shears adapted 
to decollation of the foetus in utero. 
Endotoscope, en-do'to-skope (endo, ous, ear, slcopeo, 
to see). Instrument for examining accessible parts 
of the ear. 
Endotrachelitis, en-do-trak-el-e'tis (endo, trachelos, 
neck). Inflammation of the neck of the uterus; cer- 
vical endometritis. 
Endo-uteri'tis (endo, uteritis). Inflammation of 
lining membrane of uterus; metritis. 
Endovascular, en-do-vas'ku-lar. Intravascular; 
within the vessels. 
Endusium, en-du'se-um. See Indusium. 
Endyma, en'dim-ah (enduma, garment). Membrane. 
E., paracoel'ian, lining membrane of lateral ventri- 
cle of the brain. E. ventriculo'rum, lining of cavi- 
ties of ventricles; ependema ventriculorum. 
Enechema (en-ek-a'mah) or Eneche'sis (en, echema, 
sound). Tinnitus aurium. 
Ene'cia (enecho, to retain). Continued fever; 
synocha. E. cau'ma, synocha: inflammatory fe- 
ver. E. syn'ochus, synochus. E. synochus puer- 
pera'rum, see Peritonitis. E. tyzphus, typhoid fever. 
Enema en'e-mah (vulg. en-e'mah) (en, iemi, 
to send in). Clyster; liquid for injection into the 
lower bowel or bowels. E. aloes, Enema or Clys- 
ter of aloes (aloes, potass, carbon., mucilag. amyli). 
Used in ascarides and ameuorrhcea. E. anod'- 
ynum, Enema opii, Anodyne or Starch-and-opium 
clyster (decoct, amyli, tinct. opii). Used in severe 
diarrhoea or dysentery. E. antihyster'icum, E. asa- 
foetidae. E. asafoe'tidse, E. foetidum. E. carthart'- 
icum, Cathartic or Purging clyster (oleum oliv., magnes. 
sulph., mucilag. amyli). E. colocynth'idis, Clyster of 
colocynth (ext. colocynth, sapo mollis, aqua). Efficient 
cathartic clyster. E. commu'ne, Common or Domestic 
clyster (water gruel or molasses and water, Oss or Oj ; 
add a little oil or lard and a spoonful of common salt). 
Cathartic; without the salt, emollient. E. foe'tidum, 
Fetid clyster, Clyster of asafetida (asafoet., aqua destil- 
lat.). Antispasmodic and anodyne. E. magne'siae 
sulpha'tis, E. catharticum. E. nicotia'nae, Tobacco 
clyster (tabacum, aqua bullient). Employed in stran- 
gulated hernia, but occasionally a fatal poison when 
given in this way. Smoke of tobacco is sometimes 
thrown up the rectum to produce the same medicinal 
effects as the infusion. E. o'pii, E. anodynum. E. 
pur'gans, purgative enema. E. sedati'vum, E. opii. 
E. of sul'phate of magne'sium, E. catharticum. E. 
tab'aci, E. nicotianae. E. .terebin'thinae, Enema of 
turpentine, Turpentine clyster (ol. tereb., mucilag. am- 
yli). Administered in cases of ascarides, oxyuris 
especially. E. of tobac'co, E. nicotianae. 
Enemion, en-em'e-on. Anemone pulsatilla. ENEPIDERMIC 
Enepiderm'ic or Enepidermatic, en-ep-e-dur-mat'- 
ik (en, epi, upon, derma, skin). Method of treating 
diseases by application of medicines, as plasters, blis- 
ters, etc. to the skin. 
Energia, en-ur-je'ah. Action, energy, force; used 
in this sense as associated with a body in motion- 
kinetic energy-or at rest-potential energy. 
Energy, en'er-je (en, ergon, work). Action, vigor, 
force. 
Enervatio, en-ur-vah'she-o. Aponeurosis, enerva- 
tion. 
Enervation, en - ur - va' shun (e, nervus, nerve, 
strength). Act of weakening; state of being weak- 
ened. Excision of a nerve. 
Enervationes tendinese, en-ur-vah-she-o'nees ten- 
din'e-e. Tendinous portions crossing several abdom- 
inal muscles. 
Ener'vis or Enervus, en-ur'vus. In a condition of 
enervation. 
Enervitas, en-ur'vit-as. Inertia. 
Engagement, en-gage'ment. Passage of presenting 
portion of foetus into the brim of the pelvis; the 
stage of the descent of the foetus. 
Engastrimyth, en-gas'trim-ith (en, gaster, belly, 
mutheomai, to discourse). Gastriloquist, ventriloquist. 
One who possesses the art of modifying his natural 
voice so that it seems to come from a greater or less 
distance and from different directions. It was be- 
lieved that such persons spoke from the belly. It is 
an imitative art, called engastrimythism, ventrilo- 
quism, ventriloquy, ventrilocution. 
Engastrius, en-gas'tre-us. Monster formed by de- 
velopment of foetus in the interior of the gastro-intes- 
tinal region of another foetus. 
Engeiso'ma, Engisoma (en-gis-o'mah), or Engizo'- 
ma (engizo, to approximate). Species of fracture of 
the skull, in which a splinter passes beneath the 
sound portion of the bone and compresses the brain. 
Instrument used in fractures of the clavicle. 
Engenes, en'jen-ees. Congenital, indigenous. 
Eng'lish cham'omile. Anthemis nobilis. E. chol'- 
era, cholera morbus. E. disease, hypochondriasis; 
rachitis E. gar'lic, Allium sativum. E. mal'ady, 
hypochondriasis; rachitis. E. plas'ter, court plaster. 
E. rhu'barb, Rheum raponticum. E. sweating sick'- 
ness, miliary fever. E. wal'nut, Juglaus regia. 
Englottogastor, en-glot-to-gas'tor (en, glotta, tongue, 
gaster, stomach). Engastrimyth. 
Engomphosis, en-gom-fo'sis. Gomphosis. 
Engoniomele, en-gon-e-o-ma'le (engonios, angular, 
mele, probe). Bent probe. 
Engonus, en'gon-us (en, gennao, to engender). 
Endemic; also, foetus. 
Engorged disk. See Disk. 
Engorge'ment. Obstruction or choking up of the 
vessels of a part, giving rise to augmentation of vol- 
ume ; vascular congestion. 
Engraft'. Graft. 
Enhsematosis, en-he-mat-o'sis. Hsematosis. 
Enixa, en-iks'ah (enitor, to bring forth). Woman in 
childbirth. 
Enix'io or Enixus (en-ix'us) fce'tus. Parturition. 
Enizesis, en-idz-a'sis (enizo, to place in). Use of 
sitz-bath. 
Enkephalon, en-kef'al-on. Encephalon. 
Enmetritis, en-met-re'tis. Inflammation of lining 
membrane of uterus; endometritis. 
Enneurosis, en-nu-ro'sis (en, neuron, nerve). In- 
nervation. 
Enoesophagitis, en-e-sof-aj-e'tis. Inflammation of 
lining membrane of the oesophagus. 
Enoman'ia (en, oinos, wine, mania) Delirium tre- 
mens. 
Enophthalmia, en-of-thal'me-ah (en, ophthalmos, 
eye). Retraction of the globe of the eye. One so af- 
fected is called Enophthal' mus. 
Enorchismus, en-or-kiz'mus (en, orchis, testicle). 
Concealed testicle; cryptorchidism. 
Enormis, en-or'mis (e, norma, rule). Abnormal. 
Enormitas cordis, en-or'mit-as kor'dis. Heart, hy- 
pertrophy of. 
380 
ENTERADENOGRAPHY 
Enormon, en-or'mon (en, ormao, to rouse). Vital 
principle. 
Enosis, en-o'sis (union). Insertion; union. 
Enosmosis, en-os-mo'sis. Endosmose. 
Enosomania, en-o-so-man'e-ah (enosis, agitation). 
Mania associated with delusions as to commission of 
crimes. 
Enosto'sis or Entostosis, en-tos-to'sis (en, osteon, 
bone). Morbid growth of bone inward into interior 
of medullary canal; bony tumor growing from inte- 
rior of the skull; opposite of exostosis. 
Enrhythmus, en-rhith'mus (en, rhuthmos, number). 
Having rhythm; epithet applied to the pulse when 
its beats occur with some degree of order. 
Enryth'mus. Enrhythmus. 
Ens. Being; existence. E. mar'tis, ferrum am- 
moniatum. E. ven'eris Boyl'ei, ferrum ammonia- 
tum. 
En'sal (ensis, sword). Sword-shaped. Cardamom. 
En'sate. Ensiform. 
Ensiform, en'se-form (ensis, sword, forma, form). 
Swordlike; xiphoid. E. apoph'yses or processes, 
lesser al® of sphenoid bone. E. appen'dage or ap- 
pen'dix or car'tilage or pro'cess, xiphoid appen- 
dix of the sternum; see Xiphoid. 
Ensisternal, en-se-stur'nal. Relating to the ensi- 
form process of the sternum, the last osseous portion 
of the sternum. \ 
Ensomatosis, en-so-mat-o'sis (en, soma, body). In- 
corporation. 
Enstac'ton or Enstactum, en-stak'tum. Collyrium. 
Enstalaxis, e.n-stal-aks'is (en, stalaso, to drop). In- 
stillation. 
Enstasis, en'stas-is (obstruction). Obstruction, as 
of pores of the skin. 
Enstrophe, en'strof-e (en, strepho, to turn). Inver- 
sion of a part, as the eyelids. 
Entacoustic, ent-ak-oo'stik (ento, akouo, to hear). 
Relating to sonorous movements originating in the 
ear or adjacent structures. 
En'tad (entos, within). In an inward direction or 
toward the interior. 
Enta'da gingalo'bium. W. Indian tree; seeds are 
emetic and antisyphilitic, and antidotal to poison. 
En'tal. Relating to the interior; internal. 
Entallantoic, ent-al-lan'to-ik. Within the allantoic 
cavity. 
Entamniotic, ent-am-ne-ot'ik. Within the amni- 
otic cavity. 
Entankyloblepharitis, ent-an-ke-lo-blef-ar-e'tis. 
Blepharitis with adhesion of the lids to the ball of the 
eye, Entankyloblepharon. 
Entanthema, ent-an-tha'mah. Enanthema; erup- 
tion on mucous membrane. 
Entarthrochondrus, ent-ar-thro-kon'drus (ento, 
within, arthron, joint, chondros, cartilage). Interar- 
ticular cartilage. Loose cartilage in an articulation. 
Entarthrotic, ent - ar - throt' ik (same etymon). 
Within a joint; interarticular. 
Enta'sia or Entasis, ent'as-is (en, teino, to stretch). 
Contracture ; tension ; tonic spasm. E. acrotis'mus, 
weak pulse with epigastric pain. E. articula'ris, 
tonic spasm or distortion of a'joint. E. lox'ia, torti- 
collis. E. lys'sa, rabies. E. orch'eos, epididymitis. 
E. priapis'mus, priapismus. E. systrem'ma, cramp. 
E. tet'anus, tetanus. E. tet'anus anti'cus, empros- 
thotonos. E. tris'mus, trismus. 
Entat'ic (entatikos, stretching). Medicine which 
invigorates the venereal appetite; aphrodisiac. 
Entelmintha, ent-el-min'thah (ento, helmins, worm). 
Worms. 
Entepicon'dyle. Inner condyle of humerus. 
En'tera (pl. of Enteron, intestine). Intestines; 
abdominal organs. 
Enteradelphia, ent-er-ad-el'fe-ah (enteron, adelphos, 
brother). Enadelphia. 
Enteradenes, ent-er-ad'en-ees (enteron, aden, gland). 
Glands of the intestines. 
Enteradenography, ent-er-ad-en-og'raf-e (enteron, 
aden, gland, graphe, description). Description of in- 
testinal glands. ENTERADENOLOGY 
Enteradenology, ent-er-ad-en-ol'o-je (enteron, aden, 
gland, logos, treatise). Anatomy of intestinal glands. 
Enters'mia (enteron, intestine, haima, blood). In- 
testinal congestion. 
Enteraerectasis, ent-er-ah-er-ek'tas-is (enteron, aer, 
air, ektasis, dilatation). Tympanites; flatulence. 
Enteragra, ent-er'ag-rah (enteron, agra, seizure). 
Gout in the intestines. 
Enteralgia, ent-er-al'je-ah (enteron, algos, pain). 
Pain in the intestines; colic. E. acu'ta, enteritis. E. 
inflaimnato'ria, enteritis. E. saturni'na, colica me- 
tallica. 
Enterangemphrax'is or Enterangiemphraxis, ent- 
er-an-je-em-fraks'is (enteron, angeion, vessel, emphrasso, 
to obstruct). Obstruction of vessels of the intestines. 
Enterata, ent-er-at'ah. Animals having distinct 
and independent intestinal organs. 
Enteratrophia, ent-er-at-rof'e-ah (enteron, atrophia, 
want of nutrition). Atrophy of the coats of the in- 
testines. 
Enterauxe, ent-er-awks'e (enteron, intestine, auxe, 
increase). Hypertrophy of the muscular coat of the 
intestines. 
Enterechema, ent-er-ek-a'mah (enteron, echema, 
sound). Sound of movement of the intestines. 
Enterecta'sia or Enterectasis, ent-er-ek'tas-is (en- 
teron, ektasis, dilatation). Dilatation of the intestines, 
as in tympanites. 
Enterectomy, ent-er-ek'to-me (enteron, ektomia, ex- 
cision). Excision of part of intestine. 
Enterelco'sis or Enterhelcosis, ent-er-hel-ko'sis 
(enteron, helcosis, ulceration). Ulceration of the intes- 
tines. 
Enterele'sia or Enterelosis, ent-er-el-o'sis (enteron, 
eileo, to involve). Ileus, volvulus. 
Enterem'bole (enteron, embole, insertion). Intus- 
susception of the bowels. 
Enteremphraxis, ent-er-em-fraks'is (enteron, em- 
phraxis, obstruction). Obstruction of the intestines. 
Enteren'chyta or Enterenchytes, ent-er-en'kit-ees 
(enteron, en, cheo, to pour). Instrument for adminis- 
tering injections. 
Enterepiplocele, ent-er-ep-ip-lo-se'le (Eng. ent-er- 
ep-ip'lo-seel). Enteroepiplocele. 
Enterepiplomphalocele, ent-er-ep-ip-lom-fal-o-se'le 
(Eng. ent-er-ep-ip-lom'fal-o-seel) (enteron, epiploon, 
omentum, omphalos, navel, kele, rupture). Hernia of 
the umbilicus, with protrusion of the omentum and 
intestine. 
Enterhelcosis, ent-er-hel-ko'sis (enteron, helcosis, ul- 
ceration). Ulceration of the intestines. E. nervo'sa, 
typhoid fever. 
Enterhypertrophia, ent-er-hip-er-trof'e-ah (enteron, 
hypertrophia, excessive nutrition). Hypertrophy of 
the coat of the intestines. 
Enteria, ent-er'e-ah. Diarrhoea. 
Enteric, ent-er'ik (enteron, intestine). Intestinal. 
E. fe'ver, typhoid fever. 
Enterica, ent-er'ik-ah. Diseases affecting the ali- 
mentary canal. Medicines acting upon the aliment- 
ary canal. 
Enteric! morbi, ent-er'is-e mor'be. Diseases of the 
intestines. 
Enterischiocele, ent-er-is-ke-o-se'le (Eng. ent-er-is'- 
ke-o-seel) (enteron, intestine, ischion, hip, kele, hernia). 
Intestinal hernia through the greater sciatic notch. 
Enteritis, ent-er-e'tis. Inflammation of the intes- 
tines. Essential symptoms are violent abdominal 
pain, increased on pressure, with vomiting and in- 
flammatory fever. Enteritis may affect both the per- 
itoneal and the mucous coat of the intestines, and, 
in violent cases, all the coats. Inflammation of the 
serous coat resembles that of the cellular membrane; 
the inflammation of the mucous coat, that of the 
skin. The former is usually, therefore, the more ac- 
tive. Inflammation of the mucous coat is generally 
attended with diarrhoea; inflammation of the peri- 
toneal coat with constipation. Sometimes enteritis 
passes into a chronic state, requiring much careful 
management. E. arthrit'ica, gout of the abdomen 
or its contained viscera. E. catarrha'lis, intestinal 
381 
ENTEROCLYSM 
catarrh; superficial e. with mucous discharge. E., 
choler'iform, cholera infantum. E. col'ica, colitis. 
E., croup'ous, E., membranous. E., diphtheritic, 
E. with adherent white deposit on the lining mem- 
brane of the bowels. E. epiploi'cus, epiploitis. E. 
erythemat'ica, E., catarrhal. E., follic'ular, ty- 
phoid fever. E. folliculo'sa, typhoid fever; cholera 
infantum. E. ili'aca, E. confined to the ilium. E., 
mem'branous, pellicular inflammation of the bowels 
in which deposits collect on the lining membrane. E. 
mesenter'ica, mesenteritis; typhoid fever. E., mu'- 
cous, E., catarrhal; see Enteritis. E., pellic'ular, E., 
membranous. E., phleg/monous, severe e., with dis- 
position to formation of abscess. E. polypo'sa, chronic 
catarrhal e., with polypoid growths from the lining 
membrane. E., pseudo-mem'branous, E., membra- 
nous; E., diphtheritic. E. pustulo'sa, dothinenter- 
itis. E., stru'mous, E. folliculosa. E., uVcerative, E. 
often occurring after middle life, in which the mu- 
cous membrane of the colon is partially destroyed by 
ulceration, and sometimes accompanied by increase 
of the lumen of the colon and hypertrophy of the 
muscular parietes. Sometimes contraction of the 
bowel exists. 
Entero {enteron, intestine). In composition, intes- 
tine. 
Entero-arctia, ent'er-o-ark'te-ah {enteron, arctus, 
narrow). Stricture of the bowel. 
Enterobius, ent-er-o'be-us {enteron, bios, life). Oxy- 
uris vermicularis. 
Enterobrosis, ent-er-o-bro'sis {enteron, brosis, act of 
gnawing). Perforation of the intestines. 
Enterocace, ent-er-ok'as-e {enteron, kakos, evil). 
Adynamic dysentery, accompanied by phenomena in- 
dicating a pseudo-membranous and gangrenous state 
of the lining membrane of the large intestine. 
Enterocatarrhus, ent-er-o-kat-ar'rhus. Catarrh of 
the intestines. 
Enterocele, ent-er-o-se'le (Eng. ent'er-o-seel) {ente- 
ron, kele, tumor). Abdominal hernia, containing por- 
tion of intestine. When it encroaches upon the vagi- 
nal canal, it is called enterovaginal hernia, vaginal 
enterocele, or hernia of the intestine into the vagina. 
E., cru'ral or fem'oral, femoral hernia containing in- 
testine. E., in'guinal, inguinal hernia containing 
intestine. E., par'tial, hernia involving a portion of 
bowel only, which may become strangulated and gan- 
grenous. E., perine'al, perineal hernia containing 
intestine. E., puden'dal, pudendal hernia containing 
intestine. E., rec'tal, proctocele; rectocele. E., scro'- 
tal, inguinal hernia that has passed into the scrotum. 
E., vagi'nal, see Enterocele. 
Enteroceletes (ent-er-o-sel-a'tees) or Enterocelicus, 
ent-er-o-sa'lik-us {enteron, kele, tumor). Affected with 
intestinal hernia. 
Enterocentesis, ent-er-o-sen-ta'sis {enteron, kentesis, 
puncture). Operation of puncturing the bowel. 
Enterocephalopyra (ent-er-o-sef-al-op'ir-ah) infan'- 
tum {enteron, kephale, head, pur, fever). Hydroceph- 
alus internus. 
Enterocestrion (ent-er-o-ses'tre-on) or Enteroces'- 
tris, ent-er-o-ses'tris {enteron, kestra, an awl). Instru- 
ment for puncturing the bowel. 
Enterochirur'gia. Surgery of the intestines. 
Enterochlor'ophyll {enteron, chloros, green, phullon, 
leaf). Green pigment in the liver and other organs 
of some of the lower forms of animal life. 
Enterocholecystostomy, ent-er-o-kol-e-sis-tost'o-me 
{enteron, chole, bile, kustis, bladder, stoma, mouth). 
Cholecystenterostomy. 
Enterocholecystotomy, ent-er-o-kol-e-sis-tot'o-me 
{enteron, chole, bile, kustis, bladder, tome, incision). 
Operation of making fistulous communication be- 
tween the gall-bladder and intestine. 
Enterocleisis, ent-er-o-kli'sis {enteron, kleisis, occlu- 
sion). Occlusion or obstruction of the bowel. 
Enteroc'lysis. See Enteroclysm. 
Enteroclysm, ent'er-o-klizm {enteron, klusma, wash). 
Enema; the application or action is called Enteroc- 
lysis. Especially applied to the injection of nutri- 
tive or saline material into the intestine in cholera. ENTEROCCELE 
Enteroccele, ent-er-o-ce'le (Eng. ent'er-o-seel) (ente- 
ron, koilia, abdomen). Cavity of pleura and peritone- 
um regarded as formed from the primitive alimentary 
canal; abdominal cavity. 
Enterocoe'lic or Enterocceliac, ent-er-o-se'le-ak 
(enteron, koilia, abdomen). Relating to the cavity of 
the abdomen. 
Enterocolitis, ent-er-o-ko-le'tis (enteron, colitis, in- 
flammation of the colon). Inflammation of the small 
intestine and colon. 
Enterocystocele, en-ter-o-sis-to-se'le (Eng. ent-er-o- 
sis'to-seel) (enteron, kustis, bladder, kele, tumor). Her- 
nia of the bladder and intestine. 
Enterocystoma, ent-er-o-sis-to'mah. Cystoma or 
cystic tumor caused by non-obliteration of part of the 
omphalo-mesenteric duct. 
Enterocystoscheocele, ent-er-o-sist-os-ke-o-se'le 
(Eng. ent-er-o-sist-os'ke-o-seel) (enteron, kustis, bladder, 
oscheon, scrotum, kele, hernia). Scrotal hernia, con- 
tents of which are bowel and bladder. 
Enterodarsis, ent-er-o-dar'sis (enteron, darsis, skin- 
ning). Excoriation of the mucous membrane of the 
intestines. 
Enterodialysis, ent-er-o-de-al'is-is (enteron, dialusis, 
separation). Division of the intestine, as by a cut or 
other traumatic cause. 
Enterodomycodoritis, ent-er-od-o-mik-o-der-e'tis. 
Enteromycodoritis. 
Enterodothie'nia or Enterodothienosis, ent-er-o- 
doth-e-en-o'sis (enteron, dothien, pustule). Dothinen- 
teritis; enteric fever. 
Enterodynia, ent-er-o-din'e-ah (enteron, odune, pain). 
Pain in the bowel; colic. 
Entero-ectasia (ent-er-o-ek-tah'se-ah) or Entero- 
ectasis, ent-er-o-ek'tas-is (enteron, ektasis, dilatation). 
Dilatation of the intestines. 
Enteroepiplocele, ent-er-o-ep-ip-lo-se'le (Eng. ent- 
er-o-ep-ip'lo-seel) (enteron, epiploon, omentum, kele, tu- 
mor). Hernia formed by intestine and omentum. 
Enterepiplocele. 
Enteroepiplomphalocele, ent-er-o-ep-ip-lom-fal-o- 
se'le (Eng. ent-er-o-ep-ip-lom'fal-o-seel). Enteroepip- 
lomphalus. 
Enteroepiplomphalus, ent-er-o-ep-ip-lom'fal-us (en- 
teron, kele, omentum, omphalos, umbilicus). Umbilical 
hernia, containing intestine and omentum. 
Enterogastrocele, ent-er-o-gas-tro-se'le (Eng. ent- 
er-o-gas'tro-seel) (enteron, gaster, belly, kele, tumor). 
Hernia of stomach and intestine; abdominal or gas- 
tric enterocele. 
Enter ography, ent-er-og'raf-e (enteron, graphe, de- 
scription). Part of anatomy which describes the in- 
testines. 
Enterohaemorrhagia, ent-er-o-he-mor-rhaj'e-ah. 
Passage of blood with the fecal evacuations. See 
Entorrhagia. 
Enterohelcosis, ent-er-o-hel-ko'sis. Ulceration of 
the intestines. 
Enterohepatitis, ent-er-o-hep-at-e'tis. Inflamma- 
tion of bowel and liver. 
Enterohydrocele, ent-er-o-hi-dro-se'le (Eng. ent-er- 
o-hi'dro-seel) (enteron, hudor, water, kele, tumor). In- 
testinal hernia complicated with hydrocele. 
Enterohydrom'phalus (enteron, hudor, water, ompha- 
los, navel). Umbilical hernia in which the sac con- 
tains, along with a portion of intestine, a quantity of 
serum. 
Enteroischiocele, ent-er-o-is-ke-o-se'le (Eng. ent-er- 
o-is'ke-o-seel) (enteron, ischion, ischium, kele, tumor). 
Ischiatic hernia formed of intestine. 
En'terolith. Calculus or concretion of the intes- 
tines. See Calculi of stomach and intestines. 
Enterolithiasis, ent-er-o-lith-e'as-is (enteron, lithiasis, 
formation of stone). Formation or presence of con- 
cretions in the intestines. 
Enterolithus, ent-er-ol'ith-us (enteron, lithos, stone). 
Concretion in intestines, sometimes of large size in 
lower animals. See Calculi of the stomach and intes- 
tines. E. bezoar'dus, bezoar. E. scyb'alum, scybala. 
Enterology, ent-er-ol'o-je (enteron, logos, discourse). 
Part of anatomy which treats of the intestines. 
382 
ENTERO-PNEUMATOSIS 
Enteromala'cia, Enteromalaco'sis, or Enteromal- 
axis, ent-er-o-mal-aks'is (enteron, malasso, to soften). 
Softening of the mucous or other coats of the intes- 
tine. 
Enteromantis, ent-er-o-man'tis (enteron, mantis, a 
diviner). Engastrimyth. 
Enteromelanorrhoea, ent-er-o-mel-an-or-rhe'ah. 
Melsena. 
Enteromenia, ent - er - o - men ' e - ah (enteron, men, 
month). Menstruation by the intestines. 
Enteromerocele, ent-er-o-mer-o-se'le (Eng. ent-er-o- 
mer'o-seel) (enteron, meros, thigh, kele, tumor). Cru- 
ral hernia, formed of intestine. Femoral enterocele. 
Enteromesenteric, ent-er-o-mes-en-ter'ik. Relat- 
ing to the intestine and mesentery. E. fe'ver, typhoid 
fever in which the intestines are ulcerated, with en- 
largement of the corresponding mesenteric glands. 
Enteromesenteritis, ent-er-o-mes-en-ter-e'tis. Ta- 
bes mesenterica. 
Enteromorpha compressa, ent-er-o-mor'fa kom- 
pres'sah (enteron, morphe, shape). One of the Algae, 
used by the Sandwich Islanders as an esculent. 
Enteromphaloce'le, Enterom'phalus, or Enterom'- 
phalocele (enteron, omphalos, umbilicus). Umbilical 
hernia, formed of intestines. 
Enteromycoderma, ent-er-o-mik-o-dur'mah (ente- 
ron, mukes, fungus, derma, skin). Mucous membrane 
of the intestines. When inflamed, the condition is 
called Mycodermitis. 
Enteromycodora, ent-er-o-mik-o-do'rah. Entero- 
mycoderma. 
Enteromycodoritls, ent-er-o-me-ko-do-re'tis (ente- 
ron, mukos, mucus, dora, skin). Inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the intestines. 
Enteromycosis, ent-er-o-mik-o'sis (enteron, makes, 
fungus). Generation of fungi in the intestines. 
Enteromyiasis, ent-er-o-me-e'as-is (enteron, muia, 
common fly). Morbid condition of the intestines from 
larvae developed in them. 
En'teron (entos, within). Intestine, uterus. 
Enteron'cos or Enteroncus, ent-er-on'kus (enteron, 
onfcos, tumor). Tumor of the intestines. 
Enteronervia (ent-er-o-nur've-ah) or Enteroneuria, 
ent-er-o-nu're-ah (enteron, nervus or neuron, nerve). 
Morbid condition of the intestines from disturbed ac- 
tion of the nerves. 
En'tero-oscheoce'le (Eng. ent-er-o-osk'e-o-seel). 
See Enteroscheocele. 
Enteroparalysis, ent-er-o-par-al'is-is. Paralysis of 
the intestines. 
Enteroparisagoge, ent-er-o-par-is-ag-o'ge (enteron, 
para, eis, in, ago, to lead). Intussusception of the 
bowels. 
Enteropathi'a. Enteropathy. 
Enteropathy, ent-er-op'ath-e (enteron, pathos, dis- 
ease). Disease of the intestines in general. E., can'- 
cerous, cancer of the intestines. 
Enteroperistole, ent-er-o-per-is'to-le (enteron, peris- 
tello, to contract). Constriction or obstruction of the 
intestines, from a cause acting either within the ab- 
domen or without it, as in strangulated hernia. Per- 
istaltic action of the intestines. 
Enteroperitonitis, ent-er-o-per-it-o-ne'tis. Inflam- 
mation of the peritoneal coat of the intestines. 
Enterophlo'gia or Enterophlogosis, ent-er-o-flog- 
o'sis (enteron, phlogoo, to inflame). Enteritis. 
Enterophthisis, ent-er-o-te'sis (enteron, phthisis, con- 
sumption). Consumption of the bowels. Consump- 
tion due to suppuration in the intestines. 
Enterophymata, ent-er-o-fe'mat-ah (sing. Entero- 
phy'ma) (enteron, phuma, swelling). Tubercles of the 
intestines. 
Enteroplastic, ent-er-o-plas'tik. Relating to enter- 
oplasty. 
Enter oplastice, ent-er-o-plas'tis-e. Enteroplasty. 
Enteroplasty, ent'er-o-plas-te (enteron, plasso, to 
form). Plastic operation for restoration of the intes- 
tine. 
Enteroplegia, ent - er - o - plej ' e - ah (enteron, plege, 
stroke). Paralysis of the intestine. 
Entero -pneumatosis, ent-er-o-nu-mat-o'sis (enteron, ENTEROPONUS 
pneuma, air). Morbid generation and accumulation 
of intestinal gas. 
Enteroponus, ent-er-op'on-us {enteron, ponos, pain). 
Enteralgia, colic. 
Enteroproctia, ent-er-o-prok'te-ah. Artificial anus. 
Colostomy. 
Enteroptosis, ent-er-o-to'sis {enteron, ptosis, falling). 
Glenard's disease. Falling or dragging down (pro- 
lapse) of the bowel from relaxed condition or de- 
creased tension of the walls of the abdomen, fre- 
quently with movable kidney or liver and narrow- 
ness of the bowel. Prolapsus ani. 
Enteropyra, ent-er-op'ir-ah {enteron, pur, fever). 
Enteritis. Intestinal fever; typhoid fever. Entero- 
mesenteric fever. E. Asiat'ica, cholera Asiatica. E. 
bilio'sa, bilious fever. 
Enterorrhagia or Enterorrhagy, ent-er-or'rhaj-e 
{enteron, rhage, rupture), Hemorrhage or excessive 
discharge from the bowels. E., sim'ple, discharge of 
blood with the fecal evacuations. 
Enterorrhaphy, ent-er-or'rhaf-e {enteron, rhaphe, su- 
ture). Suture of the intestines, for the relief of inju- 
ries to them. 
Enterorrheuma, ent-er-or-rhu'mah {enteron, rheuma, 
defluxion, rheumatism). Eheumatism of the intes- 
tines. 
Enterorrhexis, ent-er-or-rheks'is {enteron, rhesso, 
to break). Eupture or laceration of the intestines. 
Enterorrhoea, eut-er-or-rhe'a {enteron, rheo, to flow). 
Diarrhcea; mekena. 
Enterorrhois, ent-er-or'rho-is {enteron, rhoos, a 
stream). Slight hemorrhage or oozing of blood from 
the bowels. 
Enterosarcocele, ent-er-o-sar-ko-se'le (Eng. ent-er- 
o-sar'ko-seel) {enteron, sarx, flesh, kele, tumor). Intes- 
tinal hernia complicated with fleshy excrescence, or 
sarcocele. 
Enterosarcoma, ent-er-o-sar-ko'mah {enteron, sarx, 
flesh). Sarcoma or cancer of the intestines. 
Enteroscheocele or Enteroschocele, ent-er-os-ko- 
se'le (Eng. ent-er-os'ko-seel) {enteron, oscheon, scrotum, 
kele, tumor). Scrotal hernia consisting of intestine; 
scrotal enterocele. 
Enteroscirrhus, ent-er-o-skir'rhus. Scirrhus or 
cancer of the intestines. 
Enteroscope, ent'er-o-skope {enteron, skopeo, to see). 
Instrument for inspection of the bowel by aid of 
reflected light, the process being called Enteroscopy. 
Entero'ses. Diseases of the intestines. 
Enterospasmus, ent - er - o - spaz' mus. Spasmodic 
colic. 
Enterosphigma, ent-er-o-sfig'mah {enteron, sphingo, 
to bind tightly). Intestinal constriction; strangu- 
lated hernia. See Enteroperistole. 
Enterosphinxis, ent-er-o-sfinks'is (same etymon). 
Formation of intestinal stricture or enterosphigma. 
Enterosphongio'ma {enteron, sphongos, fungus). 
Fungous growth of the intestines. 
Enterostenosis, ent-er-o-sten-o'sis {enteron, stenosis, 
stricture). Stricture or constriction of the intestines; 
ileus. E. organ'ica, cancer of intestines. E. scir- 
rho'sa, cancer of the intestines. E. vol'vulus, ileus. 
Enterostomy, ent-er-os'to-me {enteron, stoma, mouth). 
Operation for making fistulous opening in the bowel 
by incision and suture, so that food may be admin- 
istered by this channel in case of obstruction in any 
part of the alimentary canal above it. 
Enterosymphore'ma or Enterosymphoresis, ent- 
er-o-sim-for-a'sis {enteron, sumphoreo, to bring together). 
Congestion of the intestines. 
Enterotome, ent'er-o-tome {enteron, tome, incision). 
Instrument for promptly opening the intestinal canal 
through its whole extent, for autopsies. Clamp used 
in artificial anus to cut through the spur. 
Enterotomy, ent-er-ot'o-me (same etymon). Dis- 
section of the intestines. In surgery, operation to 
open the intestines in order to evacuate the fecal 
matters, as in hernia accompanied with contraction 
of the intestinal canal; or to create an artificial anus 
in the new-born where the rectum is imperforate or 
Hot exiting, etc. 
383 
ENTOGONYANCON 
Enteroty'phus. Enteric fever. 
Enterovaginal, ent-er-o-vaj-i'nal. Intestinovaginal; 
relating to the intestine and vagina, as E. fistula, arti- 
ficial opening between the two parts mentioned. 
Enterozoa, ent-er-o-zo'ah (entero, zobn, animal). 
Intestinal worms or other parasites. 
Ent'erum. Intestine; uterus. 
Enteruria, ent-er-u're-ah (enteron, ouron, urine). 
Excretion of the component parts of urine by the 
bowels. 
Enterydrocele, ent-er-id-ro-se'le (Eng. ent-er-id'-ro- 
seel) (enteron, hudor, water, kele, rupture). Intestinal 
hernia with hydrocele; scrotal enterocele with hy- 
drocele. 
Enterydromphalus, ent-er-id-rom'fal-us (enteron, 
hudor, water, omphalos, navel). Umbilical intestinal 
hernia, with effusion into the hernial sac. 
Enteryperpathia, ent-er-ip-er-path-e'a (enteron, hy- 
per, over, pathos, suffering). Severe disease of the 
intestines. 
Enterypopathia, ent-er-ip-o-path-e'ah (enteron, hypo, 
under, pathos, suffering). Slight disease of the intes- 
tines. 
Enthelminta or Enthemata, enth-em'at-ah (enti- 
thenii, to place in). Medicines that check inflamma- 
tion or hemorrhage in wounds. 
Enthelminthes, enth-el-minth'ees (ento, helmins, 
worm). Intestinal worms. 
Entheoma'nia (en, theos, God, mania). Demono- 
mania ; religious mania. 
Enthet'ic (enthetos, introduced). Introduced from 
without; as enthetic diseases, those produced by in- 
oculation or infection. 
Enthlasis, enth'la-sis (en, thlao, to break). Frac- 
ture, especially of the cranium, with comminution, 
in which the bone is depressed or has lost its level, 
E. cranii. 
Enthusiasm, en-thu'ze-azm. Term sometimes ap- 
plied to maniacal raving. 
Enthysterophyma, ent-his-ter-o-fe'mah (en, hustera, 
uterus, phuma, growth). Abnormal growth in the 
uterus or projecting into it. 
Entity, ent'it-e (ens, being). Being or essence of 
anything. General or essential disease, the nature 
of which cannot be determined. 
Ento (entos, within). In composition, within. 
Entobainontes, ent-o-bi-non'tees (ento, within, baino, 
to go). Sensory nerves. 
En'toblast (ento, blastos, germ). Nucleus; rudi- 
mentary hypoblast; nucleolus. See Cytoblast and 
Molecule. 
Entocarotid, ent - o - kar - ot' id. Internal carotid 
artery. 
Entocele, ent-o-se'le (Eng. ent'o-seel) (ento, kele, rup- 
ture). Internal hernia. E. len'tis, dislocation of the 
crystalline into the anterior chamber of the eye. 
Entocephalic, ent-o-sef-al'ik (ento, kephale, head). 
Intercranial. 
Entocinerea, ent-o-Sin-e're-ah (ento, cinereus, gray). 
Central gray matter of brain and spinal cord. 
Entoccelial, ent-o-se'le-al. Between the ventricles 
of the brain; intraventricular. 
Entoccelic, ent - o - se' lik (ento, koilia, intestines). 
Within the intestines. 
Entocranial, ent-o-cra'ne-al. Within the cranium. 
Entocuneiform, ent-o-ku'ne-e-form. Internal cune- 
iform bone. 
Entoderm, ent'o-durm (ento, derma, skin). Internal 
germ-layer; hypoblast; blastoderm. 
Entogas'tric (ento, gaster, stomach). Within the 
stomach or abdominal organs. 
Entogastrocnemius, ent-o-gas-trok-ne'me-us. Gas- 
trocnemius internus muscle. 
Entogenous, ent-oj'en-us (ento, gennao, to produce). 
Developing from within. 
Entoglossal, ent - o - gios' sal (ento, glossa, tongue). 
Within the substance of the tongue. 
Entogluteus, ent-o-gloo-te'us. Glutaeus minimus 
muscle. 
Entogonyancon, ent - o - gon - e - an' kon (ento, genu, 
knee, ankon, bend). Calf-knee, X leg. Bending of ENTOHYALOID 
the knees inward. State of being knock-kneed or in- 
kneed. 
Entohyaloid, ent-o-hi'al-oid. Within the vitreous 
humor. E. mus'cse, see Metamorphopsia. 
Entome, en'to-me (en, tome, incision). Scarificator 
for stricture of the urethra. 
Entomere, ent'o-mere (enio, meros, part). Cell re- 
sulting from early segmentation of the ovum, enter- 
ing afterward into formation of the hypoblast. 
Entomiasis, ent-o-me'asis (entoma, insects). Disease 
caused by insects. 
Entomion, ent-o'me-on. Anterior point of mastoid 
angle of parietal bone. 
Entomol'ogy (entomon, insect, logos, discourse). De- 
scription of, or treatise on, insect life. 
Entomo'ses. Erosive catarrhs of the skin due to 
animal parasites, as lice, fleas, etc. 
Entonia, en-ton'e-ah. Tension; tonic spasm. 
Entonic, en-ton'ik (en, tonos, tone). Having great 
tension or exaggerated action. 
En'tonus. Entonic. 
Entopar'asites. Intestinal worms. 
Entoparasitism, ent-o-par'a-sit-izm. Existence or 
presence of a parasite in the interior of the body or 
of any organ. 
Entophthalmia, ent - of - thal 'me - ah. Ophthalmia 
affecting the interior of the eye. 
Entophyte, ent'o-fite (ento, phuton, vegetable). 
Vegetable parasite, especially one growing in the in- 
terior of the body. See Parasites and Fungus. 
Entophytic, ent-o-fit'ik. Of or belonging to an 
entophyte. 
Entopic (en-top'ik) (en, topos, place). In a natural 
place. E. preg'nancy, see Pregnancy, natural. E. pulse 
is due to pulsation of arteries which act as mechanical 
irritants to the rods situated outside of them. 
Entoplastic, ent-o-plas'tik (ento, plasso, to form). 
Epithet for tissues developed through changes within 
the cells themselves. 
Entopterygoid, ent-o-ter'e-goid. Internal alse or 
wings of sphenoid; internal pterygoid muscle. 
Entoptic (ent-op'tik) or Entop'tical (ento, opsis, 
vision). Relating to the vision of objects within the 
organ of sight, as of the blood-vessels of the retina. 
E. phenom'ena, phenomena depending upon percep- 
tion of objects which are present within the eyeball. 
Entoptoscopy, ent-op-tos'ko-pe (ento, ops, eye, skopeo, 
to see). Examination of interior of the eye of another; 
or examination of the media and retinal coat of one's 
own eye. 
Entorbital, ent-or'bit-al. On the inner side of the 
orbit or orbital lobes. 
Entorganism, ent-or'gan-izm. Entoparasite. 
Entorrhinal, ent-or-rhi'nal (ento, rhis, nose). On or 
to the inner side of the nose. 
Entoscope, ent'o-skope. Endoscope. 
Entosphenoid, ent-o-sfe'noid. On or to the inner 
side of the sphenoid bone. E. bone, anterior sphe- 
noid bone of fishes. 
Entosteomyces, ent-ost-e-om'is-ees (ento, osteon, nu- 
kes, fungus). Fungous growth in interior of a bone. 
Entostethid'ia or Entosthia, ent-os'the-ah. Intes- 
tines. 
Entosthoblast, ent-os'tho-hlast (entosthe, within, 
blastos, germ). Granule within a cell-nucleus. See 
Cytoblast and Molecule. 
Entostosis, ent-os-to'sis (ento, osteon, bone). Enos- 
tosis. 
Entosylvian, ent-o-sil've-an. Within the fissure of 
Sylvius. 
Entotentorial, ent-o-ten-to're-al. To the inner side 
of the tentorial convolution or fissure. 
Entothalamus, ent-o-thal'am-us. Inner gray thal- 
amic zone. 
Entotic, ent-ot'ik (ento, ous, ear). Within the ear; 
relating to the internal ear. 
Entotorrhcea, ent-o-tor-rhe'ah (ento, otorrhcea). Dis- 
charge of purulent or puriform matter into the mid- 
dle or internal ear; internal otorrhcea. 
Entotrochanter, ent - o - tro - kan' tur. Trochanter 
minor of femur, 
384 
I ENZOOTIC 
Entotympanic, ent-o-tim-pan'ik. Within the tym- 
panum. 
Entoxica'tio, Entoxicis'mus, or Entoxismus, ent- 
ox-iz'mus (en, toxicon, poison). Poisoning. 
Entozsena, ent-o-ze'nah (enfo, ozeend). Ozeena. 
Entozoa, ent-o-zo'ah (enio, zoon, animal) (pl. of En- 
tozoon). Animals adapted to living in the interior of 
other animals. See Parasites and Worms. 
Entozo'al. Relating to entozoa. 
Entozoaria, ent-o-zo-ar'e-ah. Entozoa. See Para- 
sites and Worms. 
Entozoogenesls, ent-o-zo-o-jen'is-is (entozoa, genesis, 
generation). Generation of worms. Helminthiasis. 
Entozodlogy, ent-o-zo-ol'o-je {entozoa, logos, descrip- 
tion). Helminthology. 
Entozodma, ent-o-zo-o'mah (ento, zoon, animal). 
Tumor produced by collection of fluid, being made up 
of entozoa cysts, as the echinococcus. 
Entozoon, ent-o-zo'on. Entoparasite. See Entozoa. 
E. folliculo'Tum, Acarus or Demodex folliculorum. 
Entozoo'sis. Entozodgenesis. 
En'trails (enteralia, word of low Latin, from enteron, 
intestine). Viscera enclosed in the splanchnic cavities, 
especially those in the abdomen; the bowels or intes- 
tines, taken collectively. 
Entrichiasis, en-trik-e'as-is. Trichiasis; see En- 
tropion. 
Entrichoma, en-trik-o'mah {en, thrix, hair). Tarsal 
cartilage, and the edge of the eyelids, in which the 
cilia are implanted. Trichiasis. See Entropion. 
Entropion (en-tro'pe-on) or Entro'pium {en, trepo, 
to turn). Inversion of the eyelids, so that the eye- 
lashes irritate and inflame the globe of the eye, giving 
rise to the affection called Trichiasis. E. muscula're, 
E. of the eyelid from irritation of the cornea or con- 
junctiva, or affection of the ball producing contraction 
of the orbicularis muscle. E. palpebra'le, E. of the 
eyelid. E. senile, E. caused by shrinking of the 
eyeball in old persons. E. spasmodlcum or spas'- 
ticum, E. musculare. E. tarsa'le, E. of the eyelid, 
the tarsus being mainly implicated from chronic con- 
junctivitis of the lids. 
Entyposis, en-tip-o'sis. Glenoid cavity of scapula. 
Enucleation, e-nu-kle-a'shun (enucleo, to take out 
a kernel). Operation of removing tumors, eyeball, 
etc., by detaching them from their connections, with- 
out cutting into them. 
Enucleator, e-nu'kle-a-tor. Instrument for per- 
forming enucleation. 
Enucleolar, e-nu-kle'o-lar (e, nucleolus'). Devoid of 
nucleolus. 
Enula (en'u-lah). Inula. E. campana, kam-pan'ah, 
Inula helenium. 
Enulon, en-u'lon {en, oulon, the gum). Inner part 
of the gums. 
Enuresis, en-u-ra'sis (en, oureo, to void the urine). 
Involuntary discharge of urine; incontinence of 
urine. It is most common in advanced life, and 
may depend on the irritability of the bladder, dis- 
tension or injury of the fibres about its neck, paral- 
ysis of the organ, cystoparalysis, cystoplegia; the pres- 
ence of calculus in the urethra; rupture of the blad- 
der and urethra; renal disease; pressure exerted on 
the bladder by a distended womb or a tumor, or 
after difficult labor. E. noctur'na, nocturnal incon- 
tinence of urine. E. spas'tica, E. dependent upon 
spasm of the bladder. 
En'velopes, fce'tal. Chorion and amnion. E., nu'- 
clear. See Nuclear. 
Envi'ronment. Influences or surroundings affect- 
ing the life of an individual. 
Enypnion, en-ip'ne-on {en, hupnos, sleep). Dream. 
Enystron, en-is'tron (anuo, to complete). Abo- 
masus. 
Enzoon, en-zo'on. Entozoon. 
Enzoono'mia (en, zoon, animal, nomos, law). Natural 
history of entozoa. 
Enzobtia or Enzodty, en-zo'o-te (en, zoon, animal). 
Endemic disease attacking animals. 
Enzootic, en-zo'ot-ik. Relating to enzodty. E. 
paraplegia, grass staggers of horses. ENZYMES 
Enzymes, en'zimes (en, zume, ferment). Ferments 
produced in the human body, and resembling ferments 
generally in their action; restricted by some to such 
385 
EPHEDRANA 
ferments as diastase, ptyalin, and pepsin; see Ferments. 
The chief enzymes, according to Brunton, are the 
following: 
Table of Enzymes. 
Diastaticor 
Amylolytic 
Ferments. 
Which convert starch and amyloids 
into maltose 
Diastase from malt. 
Ptyalin from saliva. 
Amylopsin from pancreas. 
Other ferments having a similar action from 
other parts of the body. 
Which convert maltose into glucose . . From small intestine. 
Which convert cane-sugar into dextrose 
and levulose 
' Invertin from the intestinal juice. 
" mucus of the mouth. 
" " tissue of the testis. 
' Emulsin from bitter almonds. 
Myrosin from mustard. 
Inversive 
Ferments. 
Which decompose glucosides 
Decomposing sugar Rennet. 
From stomach. 
From pancreas (Stearopsin). 
Decomposing fats 
Pepsin from stomach. 
Trypsin from pancreas. 
Others from saliva. 
Histozyme. 
Proteolytic 
Ferments. 
Which decompose proteids and form 
peptones 
Enzymology, en-zi-mol'o-je (e;i, zume, ferment, 
logos, description). Description of ferments; science 
of fermentation. 
Enzymosls, en-ze-mo'sis (same etymon). Fermen- 
tation caused by pressure of an enzyme. 
Eosin, e'o-sin (eos, daylight). CWIsBriOs. Red dye 
from coal-tar, used for microscopic staining. 
Eosinophile, e-os-in'o-file (eosin, phjleo, to love). 
Taking eosin stain promptly. E. gran'ules, granules 
in blood-cells in leukaemia, staining with eosin or 
other aniline dyes. 
Ep, Eph, Epi (upon, above). In composition, gene- 
rally augmentation, addition, increase, recip- 
rocal action, repetition. Hence- 
Epacmastic, ep-ak-mas'tik (ep, akmazo, to increase). 
Epithet applied to fevers whose symptoms go on aug- 
menting in violence. 
Epactal, e-pak'tal (epaktos, acquired). Foreign or 
adventitious. E. bone, interparietal bone. 
Epagogiitis, ep-ag-o-ge-e'tis (epagogion, prepuce, itis, 
inflammation). Inflammation of the prepuce. 
Epagogiolith, ep-ag-o'ge-o-lith (epagogion, prepuce, 
lithos, stone). Preputial calculus. 
Epagogium (ep-ag-o'ge-um) (ep, ago, to draw) or 
Epigo'gion (epagogion, prepuce). Phimosis. 
Epanadiplosis, ep-an-ad-ip-lo'sis (ep, anadiplosis, 
redoubling). Redoubling occurring in a paroxysm of 
an intermittent when its type is double. 
Epanalepsis, ep-an-al-ep'sis (ep, analepsis, convales- 
cence). Convalescence. 
Epanastasis, ep-an-as'tas-is (epanistemi, to cause to 
rise up). Formation of a tumor; breaking out of an 
eruption; pustule. 
Epanastema, ep-an-as-te'mah. Exanthem; swell- 
ing ; pustule; caruncle, 
Epanesis, ep-an'es-is (epaniemi, to remit). Re- 
mission. 
Epanetus, ep-an'et-us. Remittent. E. hec'ticus, 
hectic fever. E. malig'nus, remittent fever. E. 
malig'nus fla'vus, fever, yellow. E. mi'tis, mild re- 
mittent fever. 
Epanorthosis, ep-an-or-tho'sis (ep, anorthoo, to make 
straight). Restoration to health or to normal place 
or condition. 
Epanthe'ma, Epanthe'sis, or Epanthisma, ep-an- 
thiz'mah (ep, anthos, flower). Exanthem. 
Epaphaeresis, ep-af-e'res-is (ephaireo, to take away). 
Repeated abstraction or evacuation, as by blood- 
letting. 
Epaphrismus, ep-af-riz'mus (ep, aphros, froth). Des- 
pumation. 
Epar'ma or Eparsis, ep-ar'sis (elevation). Tumor. 
Eparterial, ep-ar-te're-al (epi, arteria). Above an 
artery. E. bron'chus, portion of right bronchus 
given off above place of crossing of the pulmonary 
artery. 
Epaxial, ep-aks'e-al (epi, axis'). Above the axis; 
episkeletal. E. arch'es, arches formed by pedicles, 
lamin®, and spine of vertebra. E. car'tilages, car- 
tilages designed to become afterward vertebral arches. 
E. mus'cles, muscles formed above the spinal axis, as 
internal portion of erector spin® and muscles con- 
tinuous with it. 
Epechonto'cic (epecho, to restrain, tolcos, parturi- 
tion). Restraining the contractile action of the 
uterus. 
Epencephalic, ep-en-sef-al'ik (epi, enkephdlos, brain). 
Above the brain; relating to the epencephalon. E. 
arch, neural arch of occipital vertebra. 
Epencephalon, ep-en-sef'al-on (same etymon). One 
or two primary divisions of the posterior vesicle, con- 
sisting of cerebellum and pons Varolii, with upper 
portion of fourth ventricle. 
Epenchyma, ep-en'ke-mah (epi, enchuma, blastema). 
Tissue superimposed over another, as mucous mem- 
brane; fibro-vascular tissue. 
Epencranis, ep-en-kran'is (ep, en, leranion, skull). 
Cerebellum. 
Epen'dyma or Ependymus, ep-en'dim-us (upper 
garment or cloak). Membrane. E. ventriculo'rum, 
lining membrane of the ventricles of the brain 
and spinal canal, formed by a prolongation of the pia 
mater. 
Ependymi'tls. Inflammation of the ependyma. 
Epacme, ep-ak'me (epi, upon, akme, summit). In- 
creased activity; exacerbation (of fever or other 
disease). 
Epagoge, ep-ag-o'ge (epago, to bring in). Conges- 
tion ; compression. 
Eph, in composition. See Ep. 
Epheba, ef-e'bah. Girl at age of puberty. 
Epheb®'on or Epheb®um, ef-eb-e'um (eph, hehe, 
pubes). Parts of generation ; region of the pubes; 
hair upon the pubes;. part of the ancient gymnasium. 
Ephebe'ia or Ephebia, ef-e-be'ah. Age of puberty. 
Ephebosyne (ef-e-boz'in-e) or Ephebotes, ef-e-bo'- 
tees. Puberty. 
Ephebus, ef-e'bus. One who has attained the age 
of puberty. 
Ephedra andina, ef'ed-rah and-e'nah. Pingo- 
pingo. Small roots are diuretic, and used in affections 
of the bladder. E. antisyphilit'ica, teamster's tea; 
Canutillo; shrub of W. United States, used in vene- 
real diseases. E. distach'ya, shrubby horsetail; plant 
of Europe, berries of which are used in diarrhoea and 
excessive menstrual discharge. E. equiseti'na, spe- 
cies growing in Asia; used in syphilis. E. fia'va, 
species from Asia; diaphoretic and astringent. E. 
frag'ilis, species of S. Europe and Africa ; astringent. 
E. marit'ima, E. distachya. E. monostach'ya or 
polygonoi'des, species of E. Europe and N. Asia; 
diaphoretic. E. trifurca'ta, shrub used in gonorrhoea, 
leucorrhcea, and diseases of the kidney. E. vulga'- 
ris, steppe raspberry of Russia ; used in rheumatism 
and syphilis. 
Ephedrana, ef-ed'ran-ah (eph, hedra, seat). Mates. EPHEDRINE 
Ephedrine, ef'ed-reen. Alkaloid derived from 
Ephedra vulgaris ; the hydrochloride is used to dilate 
the pupil. Also a cardiac depressant. 
Ephelcis, ef-el'sis {eph, helcos, ulcer). Crust or scab 
of an ulcer; clotted bloody sputum. 
Ephelides, ef-el'id-ees {eph, helios, sun). Freckles; 
sun-spots; sunburn. Yellow lentigines appearing on 
persons of fair skin, and larger brown patches also 
arising from exposure to the direct rays of the sun. 
Similar dusky patches may occur on parts constantly 
covered. See Chloasma, Lentigo, and Epichrosis. 
Ephelis, ef-e'lis. See Ephelides. E. al'ba, vitiligo, 
achroma. E. gravida'rum, chloasma gravidarum. E. 
hepat'ica, chloasma hepaticum. E. lenticula'ris, 
lentigo; see Ephelides. E. lenti'go, ephelides. E. 
lu'tea, icterus neonatorum. E. sola'ris, erythema 
caloricum; chloasma caloricum. E. a so'le, ephel- 
ides. E. umbro'sa, chloasma. 
Ephelkosis, ef-el-ko' sis {epi, helko, to draw). 
Operation of pulling or drawing upon an organ, as 
the uterus, thus utilizing it for closure of a fistula or 
ruptured septa. See Hystero-ephelkosis. 
Ephelotes, ef-e'lot-ees {eph, helos, nail). Leucoma. 
Ephemera, ef-em'er-ah {epi, hemera, day). That 
which continues a day. Epithet given to diseases, 
particularly fevers, which last only a day or a very 
short time, as ephemeral, diary, or simple fever. The 
term prolonged ephemera is used for fevers which 
cease after two or three days' duration. E. An'glica 
pes'tilens, Britan'nica, or malig'na, sudor Anglicus. 
E. mortif'era, plague. E. pestilentia'lis, plague. E. 
puerpera'lis, weed; fever occurring a few days after 
delivery, generally accompanied by diminution of 
milk and of the lochia. E. sudato'ria, sudor An- 
glicus. 
Ephemeral, ef-em'er-al. Lasting for a day; tran- 
sitory, as ephemeral fever or ephemeral mania. 
Ephemerocnido'sis {ephemera, knidosis, stinging 
sensation like that of nettles). Ephemeral urticaria. 
Ephemeron, ef-em'er-on. Colchicum autumnale. 
Ephemeropyra, ef-em-er-op'ir-ah {ephemera, pur, 
fever). Ephemeral fever. 
Ephemerus, ef-em'er-us. Ephemeral; quotidian. 
Ephialtes, ef-e-al'tees {eph, allomai, to leap). Night- 
mare ; incubus. E. hypochondri'aca, incubus vigi- 
lantium. E. noctur'na, incubus. E. vigilan'tium, 
incubus vigilantium. 
Ephidroses, ef - id - ro'sees. Morbid varieties of 
sweating 
Ephidrosis, ef-id-ro'sis {eph, hidroo, to sweat). 
Sweating; critical sweat; copious sweat. E. areno'- 
sa, perspiration which leaves, on drying, particles 
like sand. E. cseru'lea, blue-colored sweat, a form 
of chromidrosis. E. cruen'ta, sweating of blood; 
sudor Anglicus. E. dis'color, colored sweat. E. of 
the eye'lids, hyperidrosis of the sweat-glands of the 
eyelids. E. fla'va, yellow sweat, form of chromidro- 
sis. E. idiopath'ica, hyperidrosis. E. lac'tea, milky 
sweat, galactidrosis. E. mel'lea or oleagino'sa, 
sweat resembling honey; seborrhcea oleosa. E. o'le- 
us, sweat having an unusual odor. E. partia'lis, 
local sweating. E. profu'sa, excessive or colliqua- 
tive sweating, generally owing to debility, and requir- 
ing the use of tonics, especially of the mineral acids, 
opium, etc. E. sacchara'ta, discharge of saccharine 
matter by perspiration, as in diabetes mellitus. E. 
spontan'ea, hyperidrosis. E. urino'sa, urinous 
sweating. E. vir'idis, green sweat, as in the axillae. 
Ephlppial, ef-ip'pe-al. Eelating to the ephippium or 
sella turcica. E. an'gle, sphenoidal angle. 
Ephippium, ef-ip'pe-um {eph, hippos, horse). Sella 
turcica. 
Eph'odos or Eph'odus {epi, hodos, way). Invasion 
of disease. Outlet for discharge of excrement. 
Epi, in composition. See Ep. 
Epialos, ep-e'al-os. Fever in which the hot stage 
is mingled with irregular chills. Cold stage of 
fever. 
Epialtes, ep-e-al'tees {epi, allomai, to leap). Incu- 
bus. 
Epiama, ep-e-am'ah (relief). Palliative medicine. 
386 
EPICONDYLAR 
Epian, ep-e'an. Frambcesia. 
Epiblast, ep'e-blast (epi, blastos, germ). External 
germ-layer, or upper layer of blastoderm, from 
which the nerve-centres and epidermis are developed. 
Ectoderm. E., neu'ral, portion of epiblast from which 
the nervous system is developed. 
Epiblastic, ep-e-blas'tik. Relating to the epiblast. 
E. sphere, ectomere. 
Epiblepharon, ep-e-blef'ar-on. Duplication or fold 
of the upper lid near the inner canthus of the eye; 
epicanthis. 
Epibole, ep-ib'o-le (epi, ballo, to cast). Incubus. 
See Epiboly. 
Epibolic, ep-e-bol'ik (epi, ballo, to cast). Investing, 
as E. mem'brane, investing membrane. 
Epiboly, ep-ib'o-le. Development of gastrula when 
the outer germ-layer grows over and encloses the 
yolk. Epibole. 
Epibul'bar. Upon the eyeball. Epithet applied 
to tumors growing on the outer surface of the eye. 
Epicanthis (ep-e-kan'this) or Epican'thus (epi, fcan- 
thos, the angle of the eye). Defective formation in 
which a fold of skin passes from the root of the nose 
over the inner canthus of the eye. In the plural, 
epicanthides-the angles of the eye. 
Epicardium, ep-e-kar'de-um (epi, kardia, the heart). 
Visceral layer of the pericardium. 
Epicarpium, ep-e-kar'pe-um (epi, karpos, the wrist). 
Application made to the wrists or to the region of 
the pulse. 
Epicau'ma or Epicausis, ep-e-kow'sis (epi, kauo, 
to burn). Burn. Blister from a burn. Perforating 
ulcer of the cornea; gangrenous inflammation of the 
eyelids. 
Epicentral, ep-e-sen'tral. Upon or attached to the 
centre of a vertebra. 
Epicephalus, ep-e-sef'al-us. Epicomus. 
Epicerastic, ep-e-ser-as'tik (epi, kerannumi, to tem- 
per). Emollient. 
Epicerebral, ep-e-ser'e-bral. Above or over the 
brain; that is, below the pia mater. 
Epicholous, ep-ik'o-lus (epi, chole, bile). Bilious. 
Epichord'al (epi, chorde, cord). Above the noto- 
chord. 
Epichordis, ep-e-kor'dis (epi, chorde, gut). Mesen- 
tery. 
Epichorial, ep-e-ko're-al. Relating to the epicho- 
rion. On the chorion or corium. 
Epichorion, ep-e-ko're-on (epi, chorion, skin). De- 
cidua flexa; epidermis. 
Epichor'ium. Epidermis. 
Epichrisis, ep-ik'ris-is (epi, chriso, to anoint). In- 
unction. 
Epichrosis, ep-ik-ro'sis (epi, chroma, color). Simple 
discoloration of the skin. Ephelides. E. alpho'sis, 
albinism. E. auri'go, peculiar yellowish color of 
skin of new-born children; jaundice of the new-born. 
E. ephe'lis, see Chloasma. E. lentic'ula, lentigo. E. 
leucas'mus, partial privation of color of skin. E. 
partia'lis, liver-spot; partial discoloration of skin. 
E. pescil'ia, partial loss of color of skin. E. spi'll, 
see Nter us. E. spi'lus, mote; see Nsevus. 
Epichysis, ep-ik'is-is (epi, chuo, to pour). Affusion. 
Epicoe'le or Epicoel'ia (epi, koilia, cavity). Fourth 
ventricle. 
Epiccelides, ep-e-se'lid-ees (epi, cilium, the eyelash). 
Cilia or eyelashes. See Palpebra (superior). 
Epiccemasis, ep-e-se'mas-is (epi, koimaomai, to lie 
down to rest). Position or act of sleeping. 
Epicolic, ep-e-kol'ik (epi, colon). On the colon. 
Epicolic regions are those parts of the abdomen corre- 
sponding to the colon. 
Epicollesis, ep-e-kol-la'sis (epi, kolla, glue). Agglu- 
tination. 
Epicoma or Epicomus, ep-e-ko'mus (epi, kome, hair). 
Double monstrosity in which the two individuals are 
united by the head. See Cephalopagus parasiticus. 
The monster is called an Ep'icome. 
Epicondylar, ep-e-kon'dil-ar. Relating to the epi- 
condyle. E. mus'cles, muscles connected by a single 
tendon with the epicondyle. EPICONDYLE 
Epicondyle, ep-e-kon'dile (epi, kondulos, condyle). 
Eminence at the outer part of the inferior extremity 
of the os humeri, so called because it is seated above 
the condyle. It gives attachment to the outer lateral 
ligament of the elbow-joint, and to a very strong 
tendon to which several muscles of the posterior part 
of the forearm are attached. 
Epicondyle-cubitalis, ep-e-kon'dil-o-ku-bit-al'is. 
Anconeus. 
Epicondylo-cu'bito-metacar'pal mus'cle. Exten- 
sor carpi ulnaris. 
Epicondylo-inter'na. Internal condyle of humerus. 
Epicondylo-phalangettia'nus commu'nis. Exten- 
sor communis digitorum. 
Epicondylo-prsemetacar'peus. Extensor meta- 
carpi magnus. 
Epicondylo-radia'lis. Supinator radii brevis. 
Epicondylo-suprametacarpia'nus. Extensor carpi 
radialis brevior. 
Epicondylo-supraphalangettia'nus. Extensor 
communis digitorum. E.-s. min'imi dig'iti. Exten- 
sor minimi digiti. 
Epicondylus, ep-e-kon'dil-us. Epicondyle. E. ex- 
tenso'rius or exter'nus, external condyle of the hu- 
merus. E. flexo'rius, epitrochlea; internal condyle of 
the humerus. E. inter'nus, epitrochlea. E. latera'- 
lis, external tuberosity of the humerus; see Epicon- 
dyle. Inner tuberosity of the thigh-bone. E. medi- 
a'lis, epitrochlea. 
Epicophosis, ep-e-kof-o'sis (epi, kophosis, deafness). 
Deafness supervening on another disease. 
Epicoracoid, ep-e-kor'a-koid. Upon the coracoid 
process. E. bone, coracoid bone of fishes, so placed 
as to obtain the name postclavicle. 
Epicostal, ep-e-kos'tal (epi, costa, rib). Upon a rib 
or ribs. 
Epicranial, ep-e-kra'ne-al. Relating to the epicra- 
nium. Upon the skull. E. aponeuro'sis, membrane 
or aponeurosis covering almost the entire surface of 
the head. E. mus'cle, occipito-frontalis muscle. 
Epicranium, ep-e-kran'e-um (epi, kranion, cranium). 
Name given to different parts seated on the cranium, 
as skin, aponeurosis between occipital and frontal 
muscles, and whole scalp. Some include under this 
name the occipito-frontalis muscle, pyramidalis nasi, 
and superior and anterior auricular muscles. Peri- 
cranium. 
Epicra'nius. Occipito-frontalis alone, or with au- 
ricularis muscle. E. fronta'lis, frontalis, subcutaneous 
muscle of frontal region. E. occipita'lis, occipitalis 
muscle. E. tempora'lis, attrahens aurem. 
Epicrasis, ep-ik'ras-is (epi, kerannumi, to mix). Cor- 
rection of vitiated humors by alterative treatment. 
Epicrisis, ep-ik'ris-is. Crisis occurring in disease 
subsequent to the main crisis. 
Epicrusis, ep-ik-ru'sis (epi, krouo, to strike). Per- 
cussion ; flagellation; massage by percussion. 
Epictenium, ep-ik-ten-e'um (epi, kteis, pubes). 
Pubes. 
Epicteti (ep-ik-ta'ti) mor'bi (epiktetos, acquired). 
Acquired diseases. 
Epicye'ma (epi, kuo, to conceive). Superfcetation; 
mole. 
Epicyesis, ep-e-se-a'sis. Superfcetation. 
Epicylis (ep-is'il-is) or Epicylium, ep-e-sil'e-um. 
Upper eyelid. 
Epicystic, ep-e-sis'tik (epi, kustis, bladder). Above 
or upon the bladder. 
Epicystotomy, ep-e-sis-tot'o-me (epi, kustis, bladder, 
tome, incision). Opening the bladder above the pubes; 
suprapubic cystotomy See Lithotomy. 
Epicyte, ep'e-site (epi, kutos, cell). Cell-wall. 
Epidemesis (ep-e-dem-a'sis) or Epidem'ia (epi, de- 
mos, people). Epidemic disease or its general occur- 
rence. 
Epidemic, ep-e-dem'ik (same etymon). Prevailing 
simultaneously among a large number of persons in a 
locality; as E. disease, cause of which is imported 
from some other locality. See Epidemy. E. constitu'- 
tion, disease', or in'fluence, epidemy. 
Epdemicity, ep-e-dem-is'it-e. See Epidemy, 
387 
EPIDERMOLYSIS 
Epidemiography, ep-e-dem-e-og'raf-e (epidemy, gra- 
phs, description). History or description of epidemics. 
Epidemiological, ep-e-dem-e-o-loj'ik-al. Eelating 
to epidemiology. 
Epidemiology, ep-e-dem-e-ol'o-je (epidemy, logos, de- 
scription). Doctrine or description of epidemics. 
Epldemius, ep-e-dem'e-us. Epidemic. 
Epidemy (ep'e-dem-e) or Epidemic, ep-e-dem'ik. 
Epidemic disease. Disease attacking at the same time 
a number of individuals, usually spreading rapidly, 
and referred to some particular constitutio serfs or con- 
dition of the atmosphere, epidemic influence or con- 
stitution. It differs from endemic, the latter being 
owing to locality; but should a particular epidemic 
constitution of the air (epidemicity) exist along with 
a favoring endemic condition, these combined influ- 
ences may act in causing serious and fatal complaints, 
which at times visit a district and are not afterward 
met with for a considerable period. 
Epiden'dron or Epidendrum (ep-e-den'drum) (epi, 
dendron, tree) auricula'tum. Species of orchid in 
Chili; anthelmintic and galactagogue. E. bid'idum, 
cathartic, diuretic, and anthelmintic. E. cauda'tum, 
of W. Indies, is antispasmodic, as is E. cochlea'tum. 
E. lu'teum grows in Chili; galactagogue. E. obtusi- 
fo'lium, anthelmintic. E. spathula'tum, E. Indian 
orchid; astringent and expectorant; leaves are emol- 
lient. E. tenuifo'lium, externally, anodyne; inter- 
nally, astringent. E. vanil'la, see Vanilla. 
Epideris (ep-id'er-is), Epider'rhis, or Epider'rhion 
(epi, deras, skin). Nymphse; clitoris, or its prepuce. 
Epiderm, ep'e-derm. Epidermis; epiblast. 
Epiderma, ep-e-dur'mah. Epidermis. 
Epidermal, ep-e-dur'mal. Relating to or composed 
of epidermis. See Epidermatic. E. appen'dages, parts 
originating from the epidermis, as hair, nails, horns, 
etc. 
Epidermata (ep-e-dur'mat-ah) or Epidermo'mata 
(epi, derma, skin). Class of outgrowths from the 
external integument, including warts, corns, corne- 
ous tumors, bunions, etc. 
Epider'matic, Epider'meous, Epider'mic, Epider- 
mal (ep-e-dur'mal), or Epider'midal. Belonging or 
relating to the epidermis. Epidermatic medication is 
the administration of remedies through the skin with- 
out breaking its surface. E. cells, see Cell, epidermic. 
E. spheres, conical collections of epithelial cells seen 
in certain forms of cancer. 
Epidermidal, ep-e-dur'mid-al. Epidermic. 
Epidermidolysis, ep-e-dur-mid-ol'is-is (epiderma, 
lusis, separation). Detachment of the epidermis from 
the corion, as after application of a blister. 
Epidermidomyco'sis (epiderma, mukes, fungus). 
Parasitic cutaneous disease in general. 
Epidermidonosi (ep-e-dur-mid-on'o-se) or Epider- 
midonusi, ep-e-dur-mid-on-u'se (epidermis, nosos, dis- 
ease). Disease of the epidermis. 
Epidermidophyton, ep-e-dur-mid-of'it-on. Epider- 
mophyton. 
Epidermidoses, ep-e-dur-mid-o'sees. Morbid con- 
ditions of the epidermis and its appendages. 
Epiderminosis, ep-e-dur-min-o'sis. Morbid con- 
dition of the epidermis induced by epidermophyta. 
Epidermion, ep-e-dur'me-on. Epidermis. 
Epidermis, ep-e-dur'mis (epi, derma, the skin). 
Scarf skin, cuticle. Transparent, dry, thin membrane, 
devoid of nerves and vessels, covering the surface 
of the body, except parts corresponding to the nails. 
It is a stratified cellular structure, with large number 
of cell-strata, and adherent to the dermis, which it 
protects, and prevents immediate contact of bodies 
with the nervous papillae, and consequently deadens 
tactile impressions which without its intervention 
might be painful. E. lin'guse, see Tongue. 
Epider'mium. Epidermis. 
Epidermization, ep-e-dur-mi-za'shun. Forming of 
epidermis. 
Epidermoid, ep-e-dur'moid (epidermis, eidos, re- 
semblance). Resembling the epidermis. 
Epidermolysis, ep-e-dur-mol'is-is. Epidermidol- 
ysis, EPI DERMOMATA 
Epidermomata, ep-e-dur-mo'mat-ah. Epidermata. 
Epidermophyte, ep-e-dur'mo-fite {epidermis, phuton, 
vegetable). Vegetable parasite of the skin. 
Epidermoph'yton (same etymon). Microsporon fur- 
fur. E. gall'inse, fungus, like Achorion Schoen- 
leinii, producing favus in fowls. 
Epidermose, ep-e-dur'mose. Substance procured 
from fibrin by action of dilute muriatic acid. 
Epidermo'ses. Morbid condition of the epidermis 
and its appendages. 
Epider'rhion or Epiderrhis, ep-e-der'rhis {epi, der- 
rhis, skin). Nymphse; clitoris, or its prepuce. 
Epiderrhitis, ep-e-der-rhe'tis. Inflammation of 
the clitoris or nymplue. 
Epid'esis {epi, deo, to bind). Deligation ; bandag- 
ing. E. hsemostas'ia, ligature. 
Epides'ma, Epides'mis, Epides'niuni, or Epides- 
mus, ep-e-dez'mus. Fascia, bandage, or ligature. 
Epididymis, ep-e-did'im-is {epi, didumos, testicle). 
Placed upon the testicle. Small, oblong, vermiform, 
grayish body lying along the superior margin of the 
testicle. The epididymis is a canal formed by the 
union of all the seminiferous vessels folded several 
times upon themselves, after having traversed the 
corpus Highmorianum. Its lower portion or tail, 
cauda or globus or caput minor, is curved upward, 
and is continuous with the vas deferens ; the opposite 
extremity is called the head, globus or caput major. 
Epididymitis, ep-e-did-im-e'tis. Inflammation of 
the epididymis, usually consequent on gonorrhoea or 
chronic inflammation of the urethra. E., blennor- 
rhag'ic, hernia humoralis; gonorrhoeal epididymitis. 
E., ca'seous, E., tuberculous. E., gonorrhoe'al, E. with 
gonorrhoea. E., tuber'culous, E. resulting from de- 
posit of tuberculous matter in the epididymis. 
Epidosis, ep-id'o-sis {epi, didomi, to give). Aug- 
mentation; increase; swelling; natural increase of 
the body; exacerbation of a disease. 
Epidrome (ep-id'ro-ma), Epidrom'ia, or Epid'ro- 
mis {epi, dr emo, to run). Afflux or congestion of the 
humors. Congestion from obstruction or contraction 
of a part. 
Epidural, ep-e-du'ral. Upon the dura mater. E. 
space, space between the dura mater of the spinal 
cord and periosteal layer of the vertebral canal. 
Epiencephalon, ep-e-en-sef'al-on. Epencephalon. 
Epifagus Americanus, ep-e-fag'us am-er-e-kan'us 
{epi, fagus, beech). Orobanche Virginiana. E. Vir- 
ginia'nus, Orobanche Virginiana. 
Epifolliculitis, ep-e-fol-lik-u-le'tis. Inflammation 
of the epidermis and hair-follicles, especially of the 
scalp. 
Epigse'a, Epigea (ep-e-je'ah), or Epigia (ep-e-je'ah) 
re'pens {epi, ge, earth). Trailing arbutus, Ground 
laurel, Mayflower, Gravel plant. Small trailing plant 
growing in N. America. The leaves and stems are 
used like uva ursi. 
Epigastralgia, ep-e-gas-tral'je-ah {epigastrium, algos, 
pain). Pain at the epigastrium. 
Epigastric, ep - e - gas' trik {epi, gaster, stomach). 
Relating to the epigastrium. E. ar'tery arises 
from the external iliac, on a level with the crural 
arch; sometimes by a trunk proper to it, at others 
by one common to it and the obturator artery. It 
ascends upward and inward behind the spermatic 
cord, follows the outer edge of the rectus abdominis 
muscle, and anastomoses toward the umbilicus with 
the internal mammary. It anastomoses, also, with 
the obturator, spermatic, lumbar, and intercostal ves- 
sels. E. cen'tre, solar plexus. E. fold, fold of per- 
itoneum covering the epigastric vessels. E. fos'sa, 
see Inguinal fossa. E. gland, small lymphatic gland 
between the umbilicus and infrasternal fossa. E. 
plex'us, solar plexus. E. re'flex, contraction of mus- 
cular fibres produced by manipulating or rubbing 
over a part of the epigastric region. E. re'gion, su- 
perior region of the abdomen, comprised between 
the false ribs on each side, and extending from the 
lower surface of the diaphragm to two fingers' breadth 
above the umbilicus. It is divided into one middle 
region, the epigastrium, and two lateral regions, the 
388 
EPIGON ION 
hypochondria. E. slip, brachio-abdominalis muscle, 
arising from the aponeurosis of the external oblique, 
part of the pectoralis major in man. E. vein follows 
nearly the same course as the artery. 
Epigastriocele, ep-e-gas-tre-o-se'le (Eng, ep-e-gas'- 
tre-o-seel). See Epigastrocele. 
Epigas'trion or Epigastrium, ep-e-gas'tre-um (same 
etymon). The belly. See Epigastric region. 
Epigas'trius. Epigastric. Also monstrosity hav- 
ing an ill-developed foetus attached to the epigastric 
region. 
Epigastrocele (ep-e-gas-tro-se'le) (Eng. ep-e-gas'tro- 
seel) or Epigastriocele, ep-e-gas-tre-o-se'le (Eng. ep- 
e-gas'tre-o-seel) (epi, gaster, stomach, kele, tumor). 
Hernia formed by the stomach, Gastrocele; especially 
hernia occurring toward the upper part of the linea 
alba or the epigastric region, whether formed or not 
by the stomach. 
Epigastrodidymus, ep-e-gas-tro-did'im-us (epi, gas- 
ter, stomach, didymus, twin). Double monster at- 
tached at the thorax. 
Epigea, ep-e-je'ah. Epigsea. 
Epigenema, ep-e-jen-a'mah. Symptom occurring 
late in a disease. Epigenesis. 
Epigenesis, ep-e-jen'es-is (epi, genesis, generation). 
Theory of conception, according to which the new 
being is created entirely anew, and receives at once 
from each parent the materials necessary for its for- 
mation ; the opposite of evolution. Those holding this 
view were called Epigen'esists. New formation; ac- 
cessory symptom; epigenema. 
Epigennema, ep-e-jen-na'mah. Epigenema. 
Epigine'ma or Epiginomenon, ep-e-gin-om'en-on 
(epi, ginomai, to happen). Accessory or late symp- 
tom. 
Epiglossis, ep-e-glos'sis. Epiglottis 
Epiglotti-arytenoidseus, ep-e-glot'te-ar-it-en-o-id- 
e'us. Aryteno-epiglottic muscle. 
Epiglottic, ep-e-glot'tik. Eelating to the epiglot- 
tis. E. car'tilage, epiglottis. E. glands, a collection 
of small glandular granules situate in the adipose 
areolar texture at the base of the anterior surface 
of the epiglottis. They pour out an unctuous or 
mucous fluid, lubricating the epiglottis, keeping it 
supple and movable, and preventing the larynx from 
being irritated by the constant passage of air in 
respiration. 
Epiglotticopalatinus, ep-e-glot-tik-o-pal-at-e'nus. 
Eelating to the epiglottis and soft palate. 
Epiglottidean, ep-e-glot-tid-e'an. Eelating to the 
epiglottis; epiglottic. 
Epiglottide'o - arytenoi'deus. Aryteno - epiglottic 
muscle. 
Epiglottiditis, ep-e-glot-tid-e'tis. Inflammation of 
the epiglottis. 
Epiglottis, ep-e-glot'tis. Epiglottic cartilage; oval 
elastic fibro-cartilage situate at the upper part of 
the larnyx, behind the base of the tongue. By its 
smaller or lower extremity it is attached to the thy- 
roid cartilage; its two surfaces are covered by the 
mucous membrane of the pharynx and larnyx. 
The special use of the epiglottis is to cover the glot- 
tis accurately at the moment of deglutition, and 
thus oppose the passage of alimentary substances 
into the air-tubes. E., mus'cle of, thyro-aryepi- 
glotticus. 
Epiglottitis, ep-e-glot-te'tis. Inflammation of the 
epiglottis. 
Epiglottum, ep-e-glot'tum. Instrument for raising 
the eyelids, resembling the epiglottis in shape. 
Epigloutis (ep-e-glout'is) or Epiglu'tis (epi, gloutos, 
buttocks). Superior region of the nates. 
Epignathus, ep-ig-nath'us (epi, gnathos, jaw7). Double 
monster in which an incomplete foetus is rooted, 
with its blood-vessels, in the palate of one more com- 
plete. 
Epigonatis, ep-e-gon'at-is (epi, gonu, knee). Pa- 
tella. 
Epigone, ep-ig'on-e (epi, gone, seed). Progeny; su- 
perfcetation. 
Epigonion (ep-ig-on'e-on) or Epigo'nium. Foetus. EPIGONIS 
Epigo'niS or Epigoun'is (epi, gonu, knee). Patella. 
Epigonon, ep-ig'on-on (epi, gone, progeny). Super- 
foe tation. 
Epigunis, ep-ig-u'nis (epi, gonu, knee). Fleshy 
mass just above the knee. 
Epihyal, ep-e-hi'al. Above or upon the hyoid bone. 
E. bone, portion of stylo-hyoid ligament sometimes 
converted into bone, but naturally osseous in some of 
the lower animals. 
Epihymata, ep-e-he'mat-ah (epi, humen, skin). Dis- 
eases attended with eruptions. 
Epilaryngeus, ep-e-lar-in-ja'us. Upon or above the 
larynx. Term applied to falsetto voice. 
Epilation, ep-il-a'shun (e, pilus, hair). Extraction 
or removal of hair. 
Epilatorium, ep-il-at-o're-um. Depilatory. 
Epilatory, ep'il-at-o-re. Depilatory. 
Epilemp'sis or Epilentia, ep-il-en'she-ah. Epilepsy. 
Epilepsia, ep-il-ep'se-ah. Epilepsy. E. acu'ta in- 
fan'tum, eclampsia. E. alget'ica, see Algos. E. cor- 
tica'lis, cortical epilepsy. E. cursi'va, epilepsy at- 
tended with a desire to run. E. drom'ica, epilepsy 
choreiform in character. E. febri'lis infan'turn, 
eclampsia. E. gra'vior, grand mal; see Epilepsy. E. 
Jacksonia'na, cortical epilepsy: in this form of epi- 
lepsy the patient retains consciousness during the at- 
tack. E. larva'ta, masked epilepsy. E. mit'ior, 
petit mal; see Epilepsy. E. noctur'na, incubus. E. 
nu'tans, nodding spasm occurring in epilepsy in chil- 
dren, and accompanied by transient loss of conscious- 
ness. E. pueri'lis, eclampsia infantum. E. ret'inae, 
epileptoid amaurosis. E. saltato'ria, choreic form of 
epilepsy in which patient's gait resembles dancing. 
E. saturni'na, epileptiform, hystero-epileptic, or cata- 
leptic convulsions as a result of lead-poisoning. E. 
spinaTis, spinal epilepsy. E. uteri'na, convulsive 
affection of the uterus. E. va'so-moto'ria, E. attended 
with excessive arterial contraction. E. vermino'sa, 
E. due to presence of intestinal worms. E. vertigi- 
no'sa, epileptic vertigo. 
Epilepsis, ep-e-lep'sis. Epilepsy. 
Epilepsy, ep'il-ep-se (epilepsis, seizure). Falling 
sickness; Falling down; Sacred disease of Hippocrates. 
Cerebro-spinal disease, idiopathic or symptomatic, 
spontaneous or accidental, occurring in paroxysms; 
characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsive 
motions of the muscles, with uncertain intervals 
between them. At times, before loss of conscious- 
ness occurs, a sensation as of a cold vapor is felt, 
hence called aura epileptica. It appears to rise in 
some part of the body, proceeds toward the head, 
and as soon as it has reached the brain the patient 
falls down. The ordinary duration of a fit is from 
five to twenty minutes, but it may be protracted for 
hours. In all cases there is a loss of sensation, sud- 
den falling down, distortion of the eyes and face; 
red, purple, or violet countenance; grinding of the 
teeth; foaming at the mouth; convulsions of the limbs; 
difficult respiration, at times stertorous; with some- 
times involuntary discharge of faeces and urine. After 
the fit the patient may remain for some time affected 
with headache, stupor, and lassitude. The disease is 
generally organic, but may be functional and symp- 
tomatic of irritation in other parts, as the stomach, 
bowels, etc. Prognosis as to ultimate recovery is un- 
favorable; the disease rarely destroys life, but may 
lead to mental imbecility. To attacks of epilepsy 
unaccompanied by convulsions the French give the 
name Petit mal; they are preceded by vertigo, cere- 
bral epilepsy. In the mildest cases the seizures are 
described as blanks, faints, forgets, absences, darknesses, 
etc., consciousness being, as it were, lost for a few 
seconds. Fully-formed epilepsy is the Grand mal of 
the French, spinal epilepsy. When furious mania 
succeeds a paroxysm, it is termed Mania epileptica 
and Epileptic delirium. E., abdom'inal, E. caused 
by abdominal disorders. E., abor'tive, petitmal; see 
Epilepsy. E., acute, eclampsia. E., aud'itory, E. due 
to pressure in the internal ear. E., au'ral or auric'- 
ular, E., auditory. E., car'diac, E. having its origin 
in disease of the heart. E., cen'tral, E. caused by 
389 
» EPI M ENOCNI DOSIS 
lesion of great nervous centres. E., cer'ebral, petit 
mal; see Epilepsy. E., conges'tive, E. caused by hy- 
pereemia. E., cor'tical, epileptiform convulsions in 
certain regions of the body only, as the muscles of the 
upper extremity, dependent upon localized lesions of 
the cortex of the brain. E. cursive, E. preceded 
by a disposition to run. E., diur'nal, form of epi- 
lepsy occurring always in day-time. E., eccen'tric, 
E., reflex. E., fo'cai, E., cortical. E., hemiple'gic, 
E., cortical. E., hysterical, hystero-epilepsy. E., 
idiopathic, E. caused by morbid condition, such as 
anaemic condition of medulla oblongata and pons 
Varolii. E., inteslinal, E. having its origin in dis- 
ordered condition of the intestinal canal. E., Jack- 
so'nian, E., cortical. E., larynge'al, laryngeal ver- 
tigo. E., lead, E. caused by lead-poisoning. E., ma- 
ni'acal, E. with maniacal excitement or disturbed 
intellection. E., masked, abortive form of epilepsy, 
or one with other symptoms of the disease than con- 
vulsions. E., matu'tinal, form of diurnal epilepsy 
occurring in the early hours of the day. E., moto'- 
rial, E., cortical. E., noctur'nal, form of epilepsy 
occurring always in the night-time; nightmare or in- 
cubus. E., par'tial, E., cortical. E., peripheral, E. 
due to reflex irritation. E., psy'chic, E., maniacal, 
E., masked. E., reflex, E., peripheral. E., re'nal, con- 
vulsions accompanying albuminuria. E., retinal, 
epileptoid amaurosis. E., sat'urnine, E., lead. E., 
se'nile, E. due to changes and degenerations in arte- 
rial structures in old age. E., sens'ory, E. seated in 
the sensory portions of the brain and symptomatize.d 
by disordered sensations of various kinds, generally 
without convulsions. E., spi'nal, epileptiform move- 
ments of the lower extremities, dependent on lesions 
of the spinal cord. E., sympathetic, E., peripheral. 
E., syphilitic, E. due to syphilis. E., thal'amic, E. 
dependent on lesion of the thalamus opticus. E., 
u'terine, hystero-epilepsy; E. caused by disease of 
the uterus. E., vasomo'tor, E. attended with exces- 
sive arterial contraction. 
Epileptic, ep-e-lep'tik. Relating to epilepsy; one 
affected with epilepsy. E. au'ra, see Epilepsy. E. 
cry, peculiar cry or sound in epilepsy, due to spasm 
of the larynx. E. hemiplegia, paralysis that occurs 
after convulsions in some cases of epilepsy. E. ver'- 
tigo, vertigo that occurs during a slight attack of ep- 
ilepsy, just before an attack of grand mal, or substi- 
tuted for it. E. zone, part of skin of face and neck 
of guinea-pigs, which, when irritated after section of 
the spinal cord, produces epileptiform convulsions. 
Epilepticism, ep-e-lep'tis-izm. The condition of 
epilepsy. 
Epileptiform (ep-e-lep'te-form) or Epileptoid, ep-e- 
lep'toid (epilepsy, eidos, resemblance). Resembling 
epilepsy, as E. convulsions, E. hysteria, E. seizure, etc. 
Epileptig'enous. Epileptogenous. E. zone, epi- 
leptic zone. 
Epileptogenic or Epileptogenous, ep-e-lep-toj'en-us 
(genesis, generation). Producing epilepsy, as E. re'- 
gion, a zone or region of the cutaneous surface which, 
when irritated, gives rise to convulsions. 
Epilo'bium angustifolium or Antonia'num (epi, 
lobos, pod). Rose willow or bay; great willow herb. 
Indigenous plant, ord. Onagracese; root is emollient 
and slightly astringent and tonic. E. colora'tum, 
purple-veined willow herb, has similar properties. E. 
spica'tum, E. angustifolium. E. villo'sum, S. African 
plant, used at the Cape of Good Hope as a domestic 
remedy for cleansing foul ulcers. 
Epllose, ep'il-oze (e, pilus, hair). Bald; without 
hair. 
Epimanes, ep-im'an-ees (epi, mainomai, to be in a 
rage). Having an insane desire for anything. Ma- 
niac when in a paroxysm. 
Epimeletai, ep-e-mel'et-i (epi, melo, to take care). 
Wound-curers of ancient armies. 
Epime'lium (epi, pimele, fat). Fatty tumor. 
Epimenia, ep-i-men'e-ah. Catamenia. 
Epimenocnidosis, ep-e-men-oc-nid-o'sis (epimenios, 
monthly, knidosis, itching). Obstinate form of urti- 
caria. EPI M ENOPH ACOS1S ' 
Epimenophacosis, ep-e-men-o-fak-o'sis (epimenios, 
monthly, phakosis, freckled condition). Chronic len- 
tigo. 
Epimorios, ep-e-mor'e-os (epi, meiro, to divide). Un- 
equal, as the pulse. 
Epimylis, ep-im'il-is (epi, upon, mule, knee-pan). 
Patella. 
Epinarthecia, ep - in - arth - a 'she - ah (epi, narthex, 
splint). Suspensive treatment of fracture by ante- 
rior splint. 
Epinemesis, ep-in-em-a'sis (epi, nemo, to divide). 
Dispensation; distribution. 
Epinephelos, ep-in-ef'el-os (epi, nephele, cloud). 
Presenting a cloud; urine, for example. 
Epinephritis, ep-e-nef-re'tis (epi, nephros, kidney). 
Inflammation of suprarenal capsule. 
Epineural, ep-e-nu'ral (epi, neuron, nerve). Upon 
or attached to the neural arch or spine of a vertebra. 
Epineurion, ep-e-nu're-on (epi, upon, neuron, nerve). 
Connective-tissue sheaths of bundles of nerve-fibres. 
Epineurium, ep-e-nu're-um (same etymon). Cel- 
lular sheath of a nerve. 
Epino'sic (epi, nosos, disease). Susceptible to dis- 
ease. 
Epinotion, ep-in-o'te-on (epi, notos, back). Scapula. 
Epinyctides, ep-in-ik'tid-ees (pl. of Epinyctis) (epi, 
nux, night). Eruptions which appear on the skin in 
the night and disappear in the day. E. prurigino'sa, 
urticaria. 
Epice'cia, (epi, oikos, house). Circumscribed epi- 
demic. 
Epi'ola, Epi'oles, or Epiolus, ep-e'o-lus. Incubus 
or nightmare. 
Epiomide, ep-e-o'mide (epi, omos, shoulder). Upper 
part of the shoulder. 
Epiot'ic (epi, ous, ear). Over or above the ear. E. 
cen'tre, centre of ossification for the temporal bone. 
Epipactis (ep-e-pak'tis) latifo'lia. European or- 
chid, the root of which is antiarthritic. E. unilat- 
era'lis, orchid of Chili, used in dysuria. 
Epiparoxysmus, ep-e-par-ox-iz'mus. Paroxysm 
superadded to ordinary paroxysm. 
Epipas'tic (epipasso, to sprinkle). Term applied to 
plasters on which some powder is sprinkled. 
Epipastus, ep-e-pas'tus (epi, passo, to sprinkle). 
Powder for dusting. 
Epipechu (ep-e-pa'ku) or Epipech'y (epi, pechus, 
elbow). Upper part of the elbow; part above the 
elbow. 
Epipedometer, ep-e-ped-om'et-ur (epipedos, plane, 
metron, measure). Instrument for measurement of 
angles in deformed limbs made by planes of the body 
and limbs. 
Epiphsenomenon (ep-e-fe-nom'en-on) or Epiphe- 
nom'enon (epi, phaino, to appear). Adventitious 
symptom occurring during the progress of an affec- 
tion, and not as intimately connected with it as the 
symptoms properly so called. 
Epiphanei'a or Epiphania, ep-e-fa-ne'ah (epi, 
phaino, to appear). External surface or appearance 
of the body. Manifestation. 
Epipharynge'al, ep-e-far-in-je'al (epi, pharynx'). 
Above or upon the pharynx. 
Epiphegus (ep-if-a'gus) America'na or Virginia'na 
(epi, phegos, the beech). Beech drops. Orobanche 
Virginiana. 
Epiphenomenon, ep-e-fen-om'en-on. Epipluenom- 
enon. 
Epiphlebos, ep-if'le-bos (epi, phleps, vein). An epi- 
thet given to those whose veins are very apparent. 
Epiphlegia, ep-e-flej'e-ah (epi, phlego, to inflame). 
Inflammation. 
Epiphlogisma, ep-e-flo-giz'mah (same etymon). 
Erysipelatous inflammation. 
Epiphlogismus, ep-e-flo-giz'mus. Pustule; herpes; 
dermatitis. 
Epiphlogosis, ep-e-flo-go'sis. A high degree of in- 
flammation. 
Epiphora, ep-if'or-ah (epi, phero, to carry). Weep- 
ing, watery eye. Involuntary and constant flow of 
tears upon the cheek; usually symptomatic of dis- 
390 
EPI PLOENTEROCELE 
ease of the lacrymal passages, and occurring when 
the tears cannot pass into the ductus ad nasum. Oc- 
casionally it is owing to the tears being secreted in 
too great quantity, as in ophthalmia. Morbid flux. 
E. al'vi, diarrhoea. E. epid'rome, ophthalmia. E. 
lacryma'lis, epiphora. E. lac'tea, galactorrhcea. E. 
ptyalis'mus, salivation. 
Epiphorus, ep-if'or-us (epi, phero, to bring forth). 
Fruitful; near the time of delivery. 
Epiphymata, ep-e-fe'mat-ah (pl. of Epiphy'ma) 
(epi, phuo, to grow). Cutaneous diseases. 
Epiphysal, Epiphysary (ep-if'is-a-re), or Epiph- 
ys'ial. Eelating or appertaining to an epiphysis. 
Epiphyseal, ep-if-is-e'al. Eelating to an epiphysis 
or the epiphysis cerebri. E. disk, flat epiphysis on 
the body of a vertebra. E. line, line of union of epiph- 
ysis and diaphysis. E. nerves, small nerves from 
anterior crural distributed to lower epiphysis of 
thigh-bone. 
Epiphyses (ep-if'is-ees) (pl. of Epiphysis), separa'- 
tion of. Epiphysary disjunctions; usually a trau- 
matic separation of the epiphyses of bones before 
they are completely solidified. 
Epiphysial, ep-e-fis'e-al. Epiphyseal. 
Epiphysis, ep-if'is-is (epi, phuo, to grow). Portion 
of bone separated from the body of the bone by a 
cartilage, which becomes converted into bone by age. 
Epiphysis of the foetus becomes the apophysis of the 
adult. Bony eminence. E. acetab'uli, cotyloid bone. 
E. cer'ebri, pineal gland. E. cru'ris longio'ris in'- 
cudis, orbicular bones. E. il'ii ante'rior, acetabular 
or cotyloid bone. E. in'cudis, orbicular bone. E. 
pi'aa ma'tris, chorioid plexus. 
Epiphysitis, ep-e-fis-e'tis. Inflammation of the 
epiphyses. 
Epiphyte, ep'e-fite (epi, phuton, plant). Phytopar- 
asite or parasite derived from the vegetable kingdom. 
Epiphytes are considered by some to include vegeta- 
tions in the human fluids, as in vomited matter and 
fecal evacuations, vegetations on the external skin 
and its appendages and the mucous membranes. By 
others the term is restricted to vegetable parasites on 
the surface of the body. 
Epiphytic, ep-e-fit'ik. Eelating to epiphytes. 
Epiphytism, ep-if 'it-izm. Production of epiphytes. 
Condition of an epiphyte. 
Epiphyty, ep-if'it-e. Very prevalent disease of 
plants, as epizooty has a similar signification in regard 
to animals. 
Epiplasma, ep-e-plaz'mah (epi, plasso, to smear). 
Cataplasm; ectoplasm. 
Epiplegia, ep-e-plej'e-ah (epi, plege, stroke). Par- 
alysis, particularly of the upper extremities. Hemi- 
plegia. 
Epiplemphraxis, ep-ip-lem-fraks'is (epiploon, em- 
phraxis, engorgement). Congestion of the omentum. 
Epiplerosis, ep-e-pler-o'sis (epi, plerosis, repletion). 
Excessive repletion; distension. 
Epipleural, ep-e-plu'ral. On the side of the chest; 
on or attached to the vertebral rib. 
Epiplo (epi, pleo, to swim or float). In composition, 
epiploon. 
Epiploce, ep-ip-lo'se (epi, pleko, to twine). Coition; 
entanglement; involution. E. intestina'lis, conglom- 
eration or volvulus of the intestines. 
Epiplocele, ep-ip-lo-se'le (Eng. ep-ip'lo-seel) (epiplo, 
kele, tumor). Epiploic or omental hernia. Omental 
hernia is recognized-at times with difficulty-by a 
soft, unequal, pasty tumor, in which no gurgling 
sound is heard on pressing or reducing it. It is less 
dangerous than hernia of the intestines. 
Eplplocy stoscheocele, ep - ip - lo - sist - os - ke - o - se' 1 e 
(Eng. ep-ip-lo-sist-os'ke-o-seel) (epiplo, kustis, bladder, 
oscheon, scrotum, kele, tumor). Scrotal hernia con- 
taining omentum and bladder. 
Epiplo emphraxis, ep-ip-lo-em-fraks'is. Congestion 
of the omentum. 
Epiploenterocele, ep-ip-lo-ent-er-o-se'le (Eng. ep-ip- 
lo-ent'er-o-seel) (epiplo, enteron, intestine, kele, tumor). 
Hernia formed by the epiploon and a portion of the 
intestine; commonly called Enteroepiplocele. EPI PLOENTEROSCHEOCELE 
Epiploenteroscheocele, ep-ip-lo-ent-er-os-ke-o-se'le 
(Eng. ep-ip-lo-ent-er-os'ke-o-seel) (epiplo, enteron, intes- 
tine, oscheon, scrotum, kele, tumor). Hernia with 
omentum and intestine in the scrotum. 
Epiploic, ep-ip'lo-ik. Relating to the epiploon. E. 
appen'dages, prolongations of peritoneum beyond 
the surface of the great intestine. E. ar'teries, arte- 
rial branches to the epiploon, given off by the gastro- 
epiploicae. E. cav'ity, cavity of the peritoneum. E. 
plex'us, filaments from the gastro-epiploic plexus dis- 
tributed to the great omentum. 
Epiploischiocele, ep-ip-lo-is-ke-o-se'le (Eng. ep-ip- 
lo-is'ke-o-seel) (epiplo, ischion, ischium, kele, tumor). 
Hernia formed by the epiploon through the ischiatic 
notch. 
Epiploitis, ep - ip - lo - e' tis. Inflammation of the 
omentum; a form of partial peritonitis. 
Epiplomerocele, ep-ip-lo-mer-o-se'le (Eng. ep-ip-lo- 
mer'o-seel) (epiplo, meros, thigh, kele, tumor). Femoral 
hernia formed by the epiploon. 
Epiplomphalocele, ep-ip-lom-fal-o-se'le (Eng. ep-ip- 
lom'fal-o-seel). Umbilical hernia formed by the 
epiploon. 
Epiplom'phalon, Epiploomphalon (ep-ip-lo-om'fal- 
on), or EpiplomphaTus (epiplo, omphalos, navel). 
Umbilical hernia formed by the epiploon. 
Epiploocele, ep-ip-lo-o-se'le (Eng. ep-ip'lo-o-seel). 
Epiplocele. 
Epiplodcomistes, ep-ip-lo-o-kom-is'tees (epiplo, ko- 
mizo, to carry). One having morbidly large omentum; 
one laboring under epiplocele. 
Epiploon, ep-ip'lo-on (pl. Eplploa) (epi,pleo, to swim 
or float). Omentum; caul. Prolongation of the peri- 
toneum floating above a portion of the intestines, and 
formed of two membranous layers, with vessels and 
fatty bands distributed through it. The chief use 
seems to be to retain the viscera in situ and to give 
passage to the vessels. E., col'ic, colic omentum; 
third epiploon or omentum. Duplicature of the peri- 
toneum, situate along the ascending portion of the 
colon, as far as its junction with the transverse por- 
tion. It is behind the great epiploon, and fills up the 
angle formed by the junction of the ascending with 
the transverse colon. E., cystocol'ic, occasional pro- 
tuberant portion of omentum uniting the gall-bladder 
with the duodenum. E., gastrocol'ic, great omentum. 
Extensive duplicature, free and floating on the folds 
of the intestines. It is quadrilateral, and longer on 
the left side than the right, its base being fixed an- 
teriorly to the great curvature of the stomach, and 
posteriorly to the arch of the colon. In this epiploon 
a number of vessels are distributed, and there is much 
fat. E., gastrohepat'ic, lesser omentum. Duplicature 
of the peritoneum extending transversely from the 
right side of the cardia to the corresponding extremity 
of the rfissure of the liver, and downward from this 
fissure to the lesser curvature of the stomach, the 
pylorus, and duodenum. Below it is the or 
hiatus of Winslow, and between its laminae are 
lodged the biliary and hepatic vessels. It contains 
but little fat. If air be blown in at the foramen of 
Winslow, the cavity or sac of the omentum will be 
rendered perceptible. E., gastrosple'nic, reflection of 
the peritoneum, passing between the concave surface 
of the spleen and the stomach, from the cardiac ori- 
fice to near its great curvature, and lodging the vasa 
brevia and splenic vessels between its laminae. E. 
ma'jus, E., gastrocolic. E. mi'nus, E., gastrohepatic. 
Epiplosarcomphalocele, ep-ip-lo-sark-om-fal-o- 
se'le (Eng. ep-ip-lo-sark-om'fal-o-seel) (epiploon, sarx, 
flesh, omphalos, navel, kele, tumor). Umbilical hernia 
containing thickened or indurated omentum. 
Epiplosarcomphalon or Epiplosarcomphalus, ep- 
ip-lo-sark-om'fal-us (epiplo, sarx, flesh, omphalos, navel, 
kele, tumor). Umbilical hernia formed of indurated 
omentum. 
Epiploscheocele (ep-ip-los-ke-o-se'le) (Eng. ep-ip- 
los'ke-o-seel) or Epiplos'chocele (epiplo, oscheon, scro- 
tum, kele, tumor). Scrotal hernia formed by dis- 
placement of the epiploon. 
Epiploum, ep-ip'lo-um. Epiploon ; omentum. 
391 
EPISEION 
Epipnoia, ep-c-noi'ah (epi, pneo, to breathe). Air 
that strikes the body and produces disease. 
Epipodialia, ep-e-po-de-al'e-ah (epi, pous, foot). 
Bones constituting the second division of a limb, as 
the radius and ulna in the arm, tibia and fibula in 
the leg. 
Epipolasis (ep-e-po'las-is) or Epipolasmus, ep-e-po- 
laz'mus (epipoles, surface). Fluctuation; plethora; 
fluorescence; sublimation. 
Epiporoma, ep-e-po-ro'mah (epi, porod, to harden). 
Tophaceous concretion forming in the joint; callus 
of fracture. 
Epiporo'sis (same etymon). Formation of callus. 
Epiproso'pium (epi, prosopon, face). Local applica- 
tion to the face. 
Epipsy'che (epi, psuche, soul). Epencephalon. 
Epipter'ic (epi, pteron, wing). On the wing, as of 
the sphenoid bone. E. bone, Wormian bone, occa- 
sionally seen at the juncture of the parietal bone 
and greater wing of the sphenoid bone. 
Epipterygoid, ep-e-ter'e-goid. On or above the 
pterygoid bone. E. bone, small bony rod articulat- 
ing with the pterygoid in some of the lower animals. 
Epiptyche, ep-ip'tik-e. Operculum; fold or cover. 
Epiptyxis, ep-e-tiks'is. Occlusion of an aperture. 
Epipu'bic. On or over the pubes. E. bones, mar- 
supial bones, two curved bones found in marsupial 
animals, and probably a bony development from the 
external abdominal ring. 
Epipygus, ep-ip'ig-us (epi, puge, buttocks). Foetus 
having another foetus connected with its sacral region. 
Epirrhau'sis. Irrigation. 
Epirrhoe (ep-ir'rho-e) or Epirrhoe'a (epi, rheo, to 
flow). Afflux or congestion of humors. 
Episarcidium, ep-e-sar-sid'e-um (epi, sarx, flesh). 
Anasarca. 
Epischesis, ep-is'kes-is (epischo, to restrain). Reten- 
tion or suppression of excretions. 
Epischeticus, ep-is-ket'ik-us. Restraining; agent 
that diminishes-secretion, for example. 
Epischion, ep-is'ke-on (ep, ischion, ischium). Abdo- 
men ; pubes; pubic bone. 
Epischomen'ia (epischo, to suppress, meniaia, 
menses). Suppression of menses; amenorrhcea. 
Epischyon'ta (epischuo, to strengthen). Restorative 
or healing medicines. 
Episcleral, ep-e-skle'ral (epi, skleros, sclerotic). On 
the sclerotic coat. E. veins, branches from capillary 
plexus of veins around the cornea. 
Episcleritis, ep-e-skler-e'tis. Inflammation of con- 
junctival connective tissue and sclerotic; affection 
characterized by the appearance of a small dusky- 
red elevation of the sclerotic, most frequently at the 
temporal portion near the insertion of the external 
rectus. It is accompanied with photophobia, redness, 
etc. 
Episclerotic, ep-e-skler-ot'ik, Episcleral. 
Episclerotitis, ep-e-skler-ot-e'tis. Episcleritis. 
Episcopales valvulse, ep-is-ko-pal'ees valv'u-le 
(episcopus, bishop). Mitral valves. 
Ep'iscope (epi, skopeo, to see). Instrument for op- 
tical examination of a surface, as the skin. 
Episcotister, ep-is-ko-tis'tur (episkoteo, to obscure). 
Instrument for observing degree of sensitiveness to 
light, by means of blackened disks fenestrated to 
allow entrance of light. 
Episeiaemato'ma (episeion, pubes, haima, blood). 
Haematoma of the external genital organs of woman. 
Episeii'tis (episeion, pubes). Inflammation of the 
pubic region or vulva. 
Episeioce'le or Episei'ocele. Episiocele. 
Episeioclei'sis. Episiocleisis. 
Episeicede'ma. (Edema of the labium pudendi. 
Episei'o-elytror'rhaphy (episeion, pubes, elutron, 
vagina, rhaphe, suture). Episio-elytrorrhaphy. 
Episeiohsemato'ma. Haematoma of the external 
genital organs of woman. 
Episeioi'tis. Inflammation of the pubic region or 
vulva. 
Episeion, ep-is-i'on. Pubic bone; pubes; vulva; 
labium pudendi; hair covering the mons veneris. EPISEIONCUS 
Episeion'cus (episeion, pubes, onkos, tumor). Swell- 
ing or tumor of the labia pudendi or pubic region. 
Episeioperinaaor'rhaphy (episeion, pubes, perinseum, 
rhaphe, suture). Episio-perinseorrhaphy. 
Episeiophy'ma (episeion, pubes, phuma, growth). 
Tumor of the pubic region or labia pudendi. 
Episeiorrha'gia. Episiorrhagia. 
Episeior'rhaphy. Episiorrhaphy. 
Epis eiosteno' sis. Episiostenosis. 
Episeiot'omy. Episiotomy. 
Episemasia, ep-is-em-ah'ze-ah (epi, sema, sign). 
Invasion of an attack of fever. 
Episio, ep-is-e'o. Pubes; labium pudendi. In com- 
position, labium pudendi. 
Episiocele, ep-is-e-o-se'le (Eng. ep-is'e-o-seel) (ep- 
isio, kele, rupture). Vulvar hernia; vulvar swelling 
or tumor. 
Episiocleisis (ep-is-e-o-kli'sis) or Episioclisia, ep- 
is-e-o-klis'e-ah (episio, kleisis, enclosure). Operation 
for vulvar swelling or tumor, or for closure of the 
vulva. 
Episio-colpoclei'sis. Operation for closure of the 
labium and vagina. 
Episioede'ma (episio, oidema, oedema). (Edema of 
the labium pudendi. 
Episio-elytrorrhaphy, ep-is'e-o-el-it-ror'rhaf-e (ep- 
isio, elutron, vagina, rhaphe, suture). Operation to 
narrow the vagina and vulva by suture in cases of 
prolapsus of the uterus. 
Episiohaemato'ma. Htematoma of the external 
genital organs of woman. 
Episioitis, ep-is-e-o-e'tis. Inflammation of the labia 
pudendi. 
Epision, ep-is-i'on. Episeion. 
Episioncus, ep-is-e-on'kus (episio, onkos, tumor). 
Swelling or tumor of the labia pudendi or pubic 
region. 
Episio-perineorrhaphy, ep-is'e-o-per-in-e-or'rhaf-e 
(episeo, perineon, perineum, rhaphe, suture). Operation 
in prolapsus to suture the vulva and perineum. 
Episiophyma, ep-is-e-o-fe'mah (episio, phuma, swell- 
ing). Swelling or tumor of the labia pudendi or 
pubic region. 
Episiorrhagia (episio, rhage, rupture). Hemorrhage 
from the labia pudendi. 
Episiorrhaphy, ep-is-e-or'rhaf-e (episeion, rhaphe, 
suture). Operation in cases of prolapsus uteri, con- 
sisting in paring the opposing surfaces of the labia 
pudendi, bringing them together, and uniting them 
by suture, so as to diminish the outlet of the vulva. 
Episiostenosis, ep-is-e-o-steu-o'sis (episio, stenos, 
narrow). Narrowness of the vulvar opening. Opera- 
tion for narrowing or closing the vulva. 
Episiotomy, ep-is-e-ot'o-me (episio, tome, incision). 
Incision of the labia to relieve injurious pressure of 
the child on the perineum. 
Episio-urethroclei'sis. Operation for closure of 
the labium and urethra. 
Episio-vulvoclei'sis. Operation for closure of the 
labium and vagina. 
Episkeletal, ep-e-skel'et-al. Upon the skeleton; 
as E. mus'cles, muscles developed from rudimentary 
vertebrae above the inner skeleton or endoskeleton. 
Epispadia, ep-e-spad'e-ah (epi, spao, to draw). Con- 
dition of an epispadiaeus. 
Epispadise'us. One who has a preternatural 
opening of the urethra at the upper part of the penis. 
Epispad'ian. Epispadiaeus. 
Epispadias, Epispadi'asis (epi, above, spao, to get 
out of place). Malformation in which the male 
urethra ends at a point above the natural location of 
the meatus. E. glan'dis. In this form of epispadias 
the urethra ends on the dorsum of the glans penis. 
E. pe'nis. In this variety the urethra terminates back 
of the glans penis. 
Epispasis, ep-is'pas-is (epi, spao, to draw). Erup- 
tion produced by drugs employed for relief of another 
affection. 
Epispasmos or Epispasmus, ep-e-spaz'mus (same 
etymon). Hasty breathing. 
Epispastics, ep-e-spas'tiks (same etymon). Medici- 
EPITHELIAL 
nal substances which, when applied to the skin, ex- 
cite pain, heat, and more or less redness, followed by- 
separation of the epidermis, which is raised up by- 
effused serum or by suppuration. Blisters. 
Epispasticum, ep-e-spas'tik-um. Blister. 
Episphseria, ep-e-sphe're-ah (epi, sphaira, sphere). 
Convolutions and sinuosities of external surface of 
the brain. 
Epispinous, ep-e-spi'nus. Upon the spine or spinous 
process. E. bones, prominences or spinous processes 
of vertebrae for muscular attachment. 
Episplenitis, ep-e-splen-e'tis. Inflammation of the 
capsule of the spleen. 
Epistactischesis, ep-is-tak-tis'kes-is (epistaxis, bleed- 
ing at nose, ischo, to restrain). Arrest of bleeding 
from the nose. 
Epistagmos, ep-e-stag'mos (epistazo, to instil). Ca- 
tarrh; installation. 
Epistaphylinus, ep-e-staf-il-e'nus (epi, staphule, 
the uvula). Azygos muscle. 
Epistasis, ep-is'tas-is (epi, stasis, rest). Opposed 
to hypostasis or sediment. Suppression or retention, 
as of urine. Pellicle on the surface of urine. 
Epistation, ep-is-ta'shun (e,pinso, to pound). Pista- 
tion. Bruising in a mortar soft and parenchymatous 
substances. 
Epistaxis, ep-is-taks'is (epi, stazo, to flow drop by 
drop). Hemorrhage from the pituitary membrane ; 
bleeding at the nose. A common variety of hemor- 
rhage, the organization of the Schneiderian membrane 
being favorable to it, the blood-vessels being but 
slightly supported. It generally flows from one 
nostril, and is very apt to recur. It is most common 
at puberty, and is caused by anything inducing local 
congestion, as running, coughing, blowing the nose, 
etc. 
Episternal, ep-e-stur'nal. Epithet applied to two 
bones forming part of the sternum, and situate upon 
its superior and lateral part, suprasternal bones. They 
resemble the pisiform bones, but are larger. The 
interclavicle of lower animals, a bone between the 
pnesternum and clavicle, is an episternal bone. 
Episthotonus, ep-is-thot'on-us (episthen, forward, 
teino, to extend). Spasm of the muscles, drawing the 
body forward; emprosthotonos. 
Epistrophe, ep-is'trof-e (epi, strepho, to turn). Ee- 
lapse. 
Eplstropheo-basilaris, ep-is-trof 'e-o-baz-il-ar'is. 
Small occasional muscle between the axis vertebra 
and basilar process. 
Epistroph'eus, Epis'trophis, or Epistrophus, ep-is'- 
trof-us. Axis. 
Epistroph'ico-atlan'ticus. Atlanto-axial. 
Epistrophico-occipital, ep-is-trof'ik-o-ok-sip'it-al. 
Eelating to the axis and occiput. 
Episylvian, ep-e-sil've-an. On or above the fissure 
of Sylvius. 
Eplsynanche, ep-e-sin-an'ke (epi, synanche or cynan- 
che). Spasm of the pharnyx, perhaps from paralysis 
of the velum palati, by which deglutition is pre- 
vented, and food driven back toward the mouth 
or nasal fossae. 
Episynangina, ep-e-sin-an-je'nah. Episynanche. 
Episynthetics, ep-e-sin-thet'iks (epi, suntithcmi, to 
collect). Medical sect whose object it was to recon- 
cile the principles of the Methodists with tl ose of 
the Empirics and Dogmatists. 
Epitasis, ep-it'as-is (epi, teino, to extend). Period of 
violence of fever, attack, or paroxysm; used also in 
the same sense as epistasis, for suppression. 
Epitecnos, ep-e-tek'nos (epitikto, to bring forth). 
Prolific, or a woman who is so. 
Epite'lium. Epithelium. 
Epithal'amic. On or above the thalamus opticus. 
Epithelial (ep-e-the'le-al) or Epithe'liac (epi, thele, 
nipple). Appertaining or relating to the epithelium. 
E. can'cer, cancroid of the skin ; epithelioma. A mor- 
bid growth of epithelial cells forming an epithelial 
tumor, a variety of carcinoma. Epithelial cancer 
may be squamous or columnar-celled. The former 
always grows from a surface covered by squamous 
392 EPITHELIOID 
epithelium, either cutaneous or mucous. Columnar- 
celled epithelioma is sometimes called adenoid cancer, 
and grows from mucous membranes with columnar 
or cylindrical epithelium, that is of the stomach and 
intestines, the rectum and uterus especially. See 
Cancroid and Epithelioma. E. cast, urinary cast hav- 
ing an epithelial surface. E. cell, cell of epidermis. 
E. globes or nests, concentrically-arranged masses of 
cells seen in epithelioma. E. tu'mor, epithelioma. 
Epithelioid. Resembling epithelium; term applied 
to several membranes or coverings in embryonic life 
and in subsequent existence. 
Epithelioma, ep-e-the-le-o'mah. See Epithelial Can- 
cer. E., can'croid, epithelial cancer. E., colloid, 
colloid cancer. E., colum'nar, cylindrical epitheli- 
oma. E. contagio'sum, fowl-pox; form of molluscum 
contagiosum. E., cylin'drical or cylin'dro - cel'- 
lular, form of epithelial cancer in which the cells 
are like columnar epithelia. E., gland'ular, E. 
made up of gland-cells, and usually attacking the 
throat and nose. E. mollus'cum, molluscum con- 
tagiosum. E. myxomato'des psammo'mum, rare 
tumor having its seat in the third ventricle of 
the brain. E., pap'illary or papillo'matous, E. 
with accompanying papillary tumors. E. pearls, 
bodies of a round shape found sometimes in ovarian 
dermoids, and having a resemblance to a boiled 
fish lens, and consisting wholly of epithelial cells. 
E., tu'bular, cylindroma. E., villous, E. having 
appearance of villi, growing on the interior of 
the bladder. 
Epithelium, ep-e-the'le-um. Thin layer of epider- 
mis, covering parts deprived of derma properly so 
called, as the nipple, mucous membranes, lips, etc. 
It exists in different forms - pavement, cylinder, 
and vibratile or ciliated epithelium. Pavement, tessel- 
lated, scaly, lamellar, tubular, or flattened epithe- 
lium, E. polyedricum or lamellosum, covers the 
serous and synovial membranes, the lining of blood- 
vessels, and the mucous membranes, except where 
cylinder epithelium exists. It is spread over the 
mouth, pharynx, and oesophagus, conjunctiva, vagina, 
and entrance of the female urethra. Cylinder, col- 
umnar, or prismatic epithelium, E. cylindricum, is 
found in the intestinal canal, beyond the cardiac 
orifice of the stomach; in the larger ducts of the 
salivary glands, ductus communis choledochus, pros- 
tate, Cowper's glands, vesiculae seminales, vas deferens, 
tubuli uriniferi, and urethra of the male; and lines 
the urinary passages of the female, from the orifice 
of the urethra to the beginning of the tubuli uriniferi 
of the kidneys. In all these situations it is continuous 
with tessellated epithelium, which lines the more 
delicate ducts of the various glands. For the uses of 
the ciliated epithelium, E. vibrans, see E., ciliated, and 
Cilia. The term spheroidal has been applied to a 
variety of epithelium, the cells of which, for the 
most part, retain their primitive roundness; or, 
being flattened where they touch, acquire a poly- 
hedral figure. At times, these show a disposition 
to pass into the columnar, or the tessellated variety; 
and hence this form has been called the transitional. 
Spheroidal epithelium is found in the urinary pas- 
sages, where it succeeds the columnar epithelium of 
the urethra at the internal orifice of that canal, and 
lines the whole of the bladder, ureters, and pelvis 
of the kidneys. It is found also in the excretory 
ducts of the mammary, perspiratory, and of many 
mucous glands, and a modification of it lines the in- 
most secreting cavities or commencing ducts of 
glands generally. 
Epithelium, alve'olar, E. of glandular or pul- 
monary alveoli. E., are'olar, E. of areola of mam- 
mary gland. E., ciliated, E. in which the free 
extremities of the cells have a ciliary or ciliated 
appearance. This form of epithelium is observed 
in the respiratory passages, vasa efferentia, uterus, 
Fallopian tubes, part of the epididymis, convoluted 
tubes of the kidney, etc., and in portions of the 
digestive apparatus and larynx of the foetus. E., 
colum'nar, see Epithelium. E., cylinder or cylin'- 
393 
EPITROCH LEO-SUPERCARPEUS 
drical, see Epithelium. E. decid'uum, decidua. E., 
ectoder'mic, E. derived from the ectoderm. E., 
enam'el, cuticula dentis. E., entoder'mic, E. derived 
from the entoderm. E., false, endothelium. E., 
fib'rillated, E. with cells, like small fibres, seen in 
the small uriniferous tubes and salivary ducts. E., 
flattened, pavement e.; see Epithelium. E. follic'- 
ular, E. lining the Graafian follicle. E., fu'siform, 
vascular endothelium. E., germ'inal or germ'- 
inative, E. covering the pleuro- peritoneal space in 
the embryo ; E. covering a large portion of the ovary. 
E., gland'ular, E. making up secreting surface of a 
gland. E. of Graafian follicle, membrana granu- 
losa; E., follicular. E., intestinal, E., columnar. E. 
lamello'sum or lamellar, pavement epithelium; 
see Epithelium. E., laminar or laminated, layers 
of cells arranged one above another. E., Malpighian, 
rete mucosum; greater portion of epidermis of em- 
bryo. E., mater'nal, E. of maternal organs, not of 
embryo. E., mesodermlc, E. of mesoderm, as of 
peritoneum, blood-vessels, etc.. E. mi'cans, E., 
ciliated. E., mu'cous, E., Malpighian. E., mus'cle, 
combination of myoblast and processes which branch 
out in various directions and act as muscular fibres. 
E., nerve, mingling of sensory and epithelial cells in 
ends of sensory nerves, E., olfac'tory, E. of olfac- 
tory portion of nose. E., ova'rian, E., germinal. E., 
palisade, E., columnar. E., pave'ment, see Epithe- 
lium. E., pig'mentary, E., as in the retina, contain- 
ing coloring matter. E. polyed'ricum, polyed'ral, or 
polyg'onal, pavement epithelium; see Epithelium. 
E., pyramidal, E., columnar. E., rod, E., fibrillated. 
E., secre'ting, E., glandular. E., spheroid'al, E., 
glandular. E. spu'rium, endothelium. E., squam'- 
ous, E., pavement. E., stratified, E., laminar. E., 
tab'ular, pavement epithelium; see Epithelium. E., 
tegument'ary, epidermis. E., tes'sellated, E., pave- 
ment. E., vas'cular, vascular endothelium; vas- 
cular perithelium. E. vi'brans or vibrato'rium, 
vi'bratile or vibrating, E., ciliated. 
Epithem, ep'e-them (epi, tithemi, to place upon). 
Topical application not classed under ointments or 
plasters. Three sorts have been usually distin- 
guished: liquid, dry and soft, comprising fomenta- 
tions, bags filled with dry substances, and cataplasms. 
Epithesis, ep-ith'es-is (same etymon). Rectifica- 
tion of crooked limbs by instruments, splints, etc. 
Epithymise, ep-e-thim'e-e (epi, thumos, desire). Mor- 
bid desires or longings. 
Epithymiama, ep-e-thim-e-am'ah (epi, thumiama, 
fumigation). Fumigation. 
Epith'ymon or Epithymum, ep-ith'im-um (epi, 
thumos, thyme). Cuscuta epithymum. E. officina'- 
rum, Cuscuta Europsea. 
Epitocos, ep-it'o-kos (epitikto, to bring forth). Preg- 
nant. 
Epit'onos or Epit'onus (epiteino, to stretch). 
Stretched; hence spasm of any form. 
Epitrochante'rian. On the trochanter or trochan- 
ters. 
Epitrochlea, ep-e-trokle-ah (epi, trochalia, pulley). 
That which is situate above a pulley. Inner or lesser 
condyle of the humerus from which originate several 
muscles of the forearm. 
Epitrochlea, ep-e-trok'le-ah. External condyle of 
the humerus. 
Epitrochlear, ep-e-trok'le-ar. Relating to or con- 
nected with the epitrochlea. 
Epitroch'leo. In composition, belonging or at- 
tached to the epitrochlea. 
Epitroch'leo-ancone'us. Occasional muscle pass- 
ing from internal condyle to olecranon. 
Epitroch'leo-cubita'lis. Flexor carpi ulnaris. 
EpitrochTeo-metacar'pal mus'cle. Flexor carpi 
radialis. 
EpitrochTeo-palma'ris. Palmaris longus. 
EpitrochTeo-phalange'us, com'mon. Flexor sub- 
limis digitorum. 
Epitroch'leo-radia'lis. Pronator radii teres. 
EpitrochTeo-super car'pens. Muscle in lower ani- 
mals corresponding with flexor carpi radialis. EPITYMPANIC 
Epitympanic, ep-e-tim-pan'ik. On or above the 
tympanum. E. bone, the hyo-mandibular bone, tym- 
panic bone of some animals, representing the incus 
of the higher animals. 
Epivertebral, ep-e-vur'te-bral. On or above a 
vertebra. Spinous process. 
Epizoa, ep-e-zo'ah (pl. of Epizoon) (epi, soon, an- 
imal). Ectoparasites. Parasitic animals infesting the 
surface of the body. 
Epizoa'ria (same etymon). Animal parasites on 
external surfaces or parts. 
Epizoic, ep-e-zo'ik. Relating to epizoa. 
Epizoicide, ep-e-zo'e-side (episoon, credo, to kill). 
Any agent destructive of epizoa or external animal 
parasites. 
Epizodnosi, ep-e-zo-on'o-se (episoon, nosos, disease). 
Diseases (of the skin) caused by epizoa. 
Epizod'tia or Epizobty, ep-e-zo'ot-e (same etymon). 
Disease prevalent among animals ; corresponding in 
the veterinary art to epidemy in medicine. Influ- 
enza of animals. 
Epizootic, ep-e-zo-o'tik. Relating to epizooty. 
General among the lower animals; corresponding to 
the word epidemic for man. E. aph'thae, foot-and- 
mouth disease, of animals especially; eczema epizo- 
otica. E. celluli'tis, condition popularly known as 
pink-eye. 
Epizootiology, ep-e-zo-o-te-ol'o-je. Description or 
science of epizootic diseases. 
Epizo'oty. Epizootia. 
Ep'och (epi, echo, to have or hold). Doubt; sus- 
pension of judgment. Period of change or occur- 
rence. Suppression. 
Epocheteusis, ep-ok-e-tu'sis (epocheteuo, to turn 
water from its course). Derivation. 
Epode, ep-o'de (epi, ode, song). Incantation. 
Epod'ynous (epi, odune, pain). Excessively painful. 
Epomis, ep-o'mis (ep, omos, shoulder). Acromion; 
upper part of shoulder. 
Epomphalicum, ep-om-fal'ik-um (epi, omphalos, 
navel). External application to the navel to act upon 
the abdomen. 
Epomphalion (ep-om-fal'e-on), Epomphal'ium, or 
Epom'phalum. Part of the abdomen above the navel. 
Epomphalicum. 
Epony chium, ep-o-nik'e-um (epi, onux, nail). Deli- 
cate epidermic layer on base and sides of the nail. 
Corneous condition of the epidermis from the second 
to the eighth month of foetal life, locating the posi- 
tion of the future nail. 
Epobphoron, ep-o-of'or-on (epi, oon, egg, phero, to 
bear). Traces of genital part of the corpus Wolffia- 
num. 
Epostoma (ep-os-to'mah) or Epostosis, ep-os-to'sis 
(ep, osteon, bone). Exostosis. 
Epsema, ep-sa'mah (epseo, to boil). Decoction. 
Epsesis, ep-sa'sis. Decoction; elixation. 
Epsilon bacillus, ep'sil-on bas-il'lus. Bacillus oc- 
curring in carious teeth. 
Ep'som salts. Magnesium sulphate. 
Epulis, ep-u'lis (ep, onion, the gum). Excrescence 
not really connected with the gum, either fibroma or 
sarcoma of the alveolar processes, being a growth 
from the periosteum of the jaw. Two forms are 
described, simple or fibrous and malignant or myeloid, 
the latter being a vascular and fungating mass. E., 
sarco'matous, see Sarcoma, alveolar. 
Epulosis, ep-u-lo'sis (ep, ouloo, to cicatrize). Cica- 
trization. 
Epulotica, ep-u-lot'ik-ah. Cicatrizing ; aiding cic- 
atrization. 
E'qual. Epithet applied particularly to the pulse 
and respiration, which are equal when the pulsations 
and inspirations succeeding each other are alike in 
every respect. 
Equa'tor. See 
Equiformal, e - kwi - for' mal. Having the same 
shape. 
Equilibration, e-kwil-i-bra'shun (sequus, equal, libro, 
to balance). Condition in which an even balance of 
the body exists while in the act of walking or stand- 
394 
ERB'S PALSY 
ing; believed to be influenced by impressions from 
the semicircular canals of the ear. 
Equilibrium, e-kwil-ib're-um {sequus, equal, libro, 
to weigh). State of organs, fluids, and forces consti- 
tuting health. 
Equina cauda, ek-we'nah kawd'ah. See Cauda. 
Equinated, ek'win-at-ed. Inoculated with equinia. 
Equination, ek-win-a'shun. The condition of be- 
ing inoculated with equinia. Inoculation of small- 
pox in the horse. 
Equinia, ek-win'e-ah {equinus, belonging to a horse). 
Glanders. Dangerous contagious disorder accompa- 
nied by a pustular eruption, arising from inoculation 
with certain diseased fluids generated in the horse, 
the ass, and the mule. The disease is caused by a 
bacillus described by Schutz and Loflier, and called 
bacillus mallei. See B. mallei. Two forms of equinia 
are met with: E. mitis, contracted from horses affected 
with grease; and E. glandulosa, a dangerous and com- 
monly fatal disease communicated to man, in the acute 
or chronic form, from the glandered horse. Veteri- 
nary surgeons make two varieties of the disease in 
the horse-glanders and farcy-the former affecting 
the pituitary membrane, with a profuse discharge 
from the nostrils, and pustular eruptions or small tu- 
mors, which soon suppurate and ulcerate, being at- 
tended by symptoms of malignant fever and by gan- 
grene of various parts; the latter being the same dis- 
ease, but appearing in the shape of small tumors, farcy 
buds, about the legs, lips, face, neck, etc. of the horse; 
sometimes very painful, suppurating, and degenera- 
ting into foul ulcers. They are often seen together. 
Equinine, ek'win-een. The zymotic principle of 
glanders. 
Equino-carus, ek-we'no-kah'rus. That condition 
of pes equinus in which there exists a marked hol- 
lowness of the sole of the foot. 
Equino-varus, ek-we'no-vah'rus. Variety of club- 
foot in which pes equinus and pes varus coexist. 
Equinus, ek-we'nus. Relating to the horse. 
Equipedal, e-kwip'ed-al. Equal-footed. 
Equisetum arvense, ek-we-se'tum ar-ven'se {equus, 
horse, seta, bristle). See Hippuris vulgaris. E. hy- 
ema'le, see Hippuris vulgaris. E. mi'nus, Hippuris 
vulgaris. E. palus'tre, grows in Europe and United 
States; diuretic, astringent, enmenagogue. 
Equitation, ek-we-ta'shun {equito, to ride on horse- 
back). Horseback exercise; advisable in many dis- 
eases, although improper in others, as in uterine af- 
fections ; recommended in phthisis pulmonalis. Where 
much exercise is required walking is preferable. 
Equivalence (e - kwiv' a - lence) or Equivalency, 
e - kwiv' a - len - se. Condition of being equivalent. 
Saturating power of other elements compared with 
hydrogen as a standard. 
Equivalent, e-kwiv'a-lent. The atomic weight of 
a substance, or a number expressing the proportion 
by weight in which it combines with other sub- 
stances. See Elements for table of combining 
weights. 
Equivocal, e-kwiv'o-kal (asgwws, equal, vox, voice). 
Term applied to symptoms which belong to several 
diseases. Generation is said to be equivocal when it 
is, or seems to be, spontaneous. See Generation. 
Equivorous, e-kwiv'o-rus {equus, horse, voro, to de- 
vour). Feeding or subsisting on horseflesh, Hip- 
pophagy. 
Er. In composition. See Em. 
Era. Hedcra helix. 
Eradicate,.e-rad'i-kate. To get rid of completely; 
a term applied to diseases. 
Eradication, e-rad-i-ka'shun (e, radix, root). Act 
of rooting out or completely removing a disease. 
Eradicative, e-rad'i-ka-tiv. Anything possessed of 
the power of completely rooting out a disease. 
Erasion, e-ra'zhun {e, rado, to scrape). The act of 
scraping. Opening a joint and scraping out morbid 
structures. 
Eras'mus Wil'son's disease. See Wilson. 
Erb-Char'cct's disease. Spasmodic tabes dorsalis. 
Erb's pal'sy or paral'ysis. Paralysis of the upper EREBINTHUS 
portion of the superior extremity of the roots of the 
brachial plexus. 
Ereblnthus, er-e-bin'thus. Acer arietinum. 
Erechthites hieracifolia, er-ek-the'tez he-er-as-e- 
fo'le-ah. Fireweed. Indigenous plant, ord. Composite;; 
acrid tonic and astringent, and in large doses emetic. 
Erectile, e-rek'til (erigo, to erect). Capable of 
erection. E. tis'sue, tissue susceptible of turgescence 
and increase of size, and formed of a collection of 
arteries and veins intermixed with nervous filaments; 
the veins varicose, and contained in spaces formed 
by trabeculae of fibrous tissue, being prolongations 
from the fibrous envelope. This tissue exists in the 
corpora cavernosa of the penis and clitoris, at the 
lower and inner surface of the vagina, in the spongy 
part of the urethra, the lips, nipples, iris, etc. Some- 
times it is developed accidentally, constituting a kind 
of organic transformation. 
Erection, e-rek'shun. State of a part, as the penis, 
in which, from having been soft, it becomes stiff, 
hard,, and swollen by the accumulation of blood in 
the areolae of its tissue. E. cen'tre, reflex centre 
controlling erection; see Centre. E., persist'ent, 
priapism. 
Erector, e-rek'tor. Producing erection; term ap- 
plied to the muscles so concerned. E. clitor'idis, is- 
chiocavernosus. E. penis, ischiocavernosus. E. pi'll 
(pilus, hair), cutaneous muscular fibres arising in the 
outer part of the corium, and inserted in the inner 
sheath of the hair-follicle. E. spi'nse, sacrospinalis. 
E. trun'ci, sacrospinalis. 
Eremecausis, er-em-ah-kaws'is (erema, slowly, kau- 
sis, combustion). Combustion, oxidation, or decay of 
organic matters in the air. 
Eremia, er-em'e-ah (eremia, rest). Inertia; want of 
power or inclination to move. 
Eremocarpus, er-em-o-kar'pus. Gingerleaf, herb 
native of California; used in decoction for applying 
externally in rhus-poisouing, and the root is given 
internally in pulmonary diseases. 
Eremopompholyx, er - em - o - pom' fo - liks (eremos, 
lonely). A single pompholyx. 
Erethilyticum, er-e-thil-it'ik-um (erethos, redness, 
lusis, solution). Having a poor quality of blood, as 
from diminution of red corpuscles. 
Erethism, er'-e-thizm (erethizo, to irritate). Irrita- 
tion. Augmentation of the vital phenomena in any 
organ or tissue. Orgasm. Also greatly depressed 
state of the constitution produced by mercury as a 
poison, mercurial erethism. 
Erethisma, er-e-thiz'mah (irritation). Excitement, 
irritation, rubefaction. 
Erethismus, er-e-thiz'mus. Erethism; irritation. 
E. ebrioso'rum, delirium tremens. E. hydropho'- 
bia, hydrophobia. E. oneirodyn'ia, incubus; de- 
praved, disturbed, or morbid dreaming. E. sim'plex, 
fidgets. E. trop'icus, sunstroke. 
Erethistic, er-e-this'tik. Eelating to erethism. 
Rubefacient. 
Erethitic, er-e-thit'ik. Relating to erethism. 
Ereugmos, er-oog'mos (ereugomai, to belch). Eruc- 
tation. 
Ereumenus, er-u'men-us. Cloudy; applied to cloudy 
appearance of urine. 
Ereuxis, er-ooks'is. Eructation, flatulence. 
Erg (ergon, work). Unit of work effected in rais- 
ing 1.981 gramme, or one dyne, to the height of one 
centimetre. 
Ergasia, ur-gaz'e-ah. Action of the functions. 
Ergasiomania, ur-gas-e-o-man'e-ah (ergazomai, to 
operate). Morbid desire or mania to operate. 
Ergasiophobia, ur-gas-e-o-fo'be-ah (ergazomai, to 
operate, phobos, fear). Nervous dread of performing 
a surgical operation. 
Ergasm, ur'gazm. Action of the functions. 
Ergasterion, ur-gas-te're-on (ergon, work). Labor- 
atory. E. spir'itus, lung. 
Ergastic, ur-gas'tik. Relating to operation. 
Ergostat, ur'go-stat (ergon, work). Instrument for 
measuring and registering the amount of muscular 
exercise. 
395 
ERIGERON 
Ergot, ur'got. Spurred or Horned rye, Spur, Hornseed, 
Cockspur rye, Cockspur, Ergot of rye. Ergot is the com- 
pact mycetum or spawn of a fungus, Claviceps pur- 
purea, which replaces grain of common rye, Secale 
cereale. This parasitic fungus has been called Spa- 
celia segetum. More recently it has been maintained 
that it is a diseased state of the grain occasioned by 
the growth of a fungus not previously detected, to 
which the names Ergotsetia abortans or abortifaciens, 
O'idium abortifaciens, Ergot-mould, have been given. 
It is found projecting from among the leaves of the 
spike or ear, and is a long, crooked excrescence, re- 
sembling the spur of a cock, pointed at its extrem- 
ities, of a dark-brown color externally, and white 
within. To the whole fungus giving rise to ergot 
has been given the name Claviceps purpurea; and 
the Pharmacopoeias (U. S. and Br.), adopting this 
view, describe ergot as the sclerotium of Claviceps 
purpurea, replacing the grain of Secale cereale. Er- 
got is usually prescribed in the form of extract, fluid 
extract, or wine. See Ergotin. 
Ergot has been long used, on account of its power- 
ful contractile effects on the uterus, to accelerate par- 
turition, and in post-partum hemorrhages. Some rec- 
ommend the clear watery infusion; others advise the 
powder or the oil, the wine or the fluid extract. Er- 
got is also a valuable hemostatic in haemoptysis, epis- 
taxis, etc. It has been prescribed in diabetes, uterine 
fibroids, purpura, and various other conditions: it also 
possesses, it is affirmed, narcotic virtues, which have 
rendered it useful in hemorrhagic and other affec- 
tions of excitement. Bread made of spurred rye has 
been attended with the effects described under Ergot- 
ism. E. of maize, corn maize. E. of rye, ergot. 
Ergota, ur'go-tah. Ergot. 
Ergotaetia abortans, ur-go-te'she-ah ab-or'tans 
(.ergot, aitia, cause). See Ergot. E. abortifa'ciens, see 
Ergot. 
Ergotate, ur'go-tate. Salt of ergotic acid. 
Ergotic acid, ur-got'ik as'id. Acid derived from 
ergot. 
Ergotin, ur'go-tin. Extract of ergot. It has been 
used as a hemostatic in the dose of two grains several 
times a day, and has also been employed in muci- 
laginous emulsion in diarrhoea and dysentery. Name 
of various extracts of the active principle of ergot, 
which vary very much in action. Bonjean's Ergo- 
tine, aqueous extract used hypodermically. 
Ergotinic acid, ur-go-tin'ik as'id. A narcotic con- 
stituent of ergot. 
Ergotinine, ur-got'in-een. C35H40N4O6. Alkaloid 
from ergot. 
Ergotinum, ur-go-te'num. Ergotin. 
Ergotism, ur'go-tizm. Poisoning by ergot; affec- 
tion produced by the use of spurred rye. Symptoms 
are vertigo, spasms, and convulsions, or torpor with 
numbness and loss of sensation and motion, and dry 
gangrene of the hands and feet. 
Ergotismus, er-go-tiz'mus. Ergotism. E. spasmod'- 
icus, convulsive disorder said to be endemic in some 
parts of Germany, from use of spoiled corn. E. 
sphacelo'sus, ergotism. 
Ergot-mould, ur'got-mold. See Ergot. 
Ergotole, ur'go-tole. Liquid preparation of Secale 
cornutum, which, it is claimed, will not produce irri- 
tation when used hypodermically. 
Erica vulgaris, er-e'kah vul-gah'ris. Common 
heath. Diuretic and diaphoretic. 
Er'ichsen's disease. Morbid condition due to trau- 
matism or to mental strain, known as railway brain 
and railway spine. 
Ericolin, er-ik'o-lin. C34H56O21. Glucoside from 
plants of order Ericaceae. 
Erigentes nervi, er-e-jen'tees nur've (erigo, to be 
stiff). Nerves concerned in erection, proceeding 
from the sacral nerves. 
Erigeron, er-ij'er-on (er, spring, geron, old man). 
E. Canadense. E. ambig'uum, see Erigeron Philadel- 
phicum. E. an'nuum, see E. Canadense. E. bellidi- 
fo'lium, Robin's plantain, Rosy's Betty. Indigenous 
plant of the Composite; properties like those of E. ERlGERUM 
Philadelphicum. E. Canaden'se, Canada fleabane, 
Prideweed, Horseweed, Butterweed, allied in properties 
to E. Philadelphicum. Same may be said of E. hetero- 
phyllum, E. annuum, Sweet scabious or Various-leaved 
fleabane. E. heterophyl'lum, see E. Canadense. E. 
integrifo'lium, E. Philadelphicum. E. Philadel'phi- 
cum, Scabious, Skevisch, Philadelphia or Skevisch or 
Narrow-leaved fleabane, Daisy, Cocash, Frostweed, Field- 
weed, Squawweed, is a plant used in decoction or infu- 
sion for gouty and gravelly complaints; diuretic and 
sudorific. The essential oil has been given in uterine 
hemorrhage; that of E. Canadense, Oil of Canada flea- 
bane, has been given in gonorrhoea. E. strigo'sum, 
E. Philadelphicum. 
Erigerum, er-ij'er-um. Senecio. 
Eriocephalus umbellulatus, er-e-o-sef'al-us um- 
bel-lu-lat'us (erion, wool, kephale, head). Wild rose- 
mary. African shrub, ord. Composite; diuretic. 
Eriodendron anfractuosum, er-e-o-den'dron an- 
frak-tu-o'sum. Tropical plant, ord. Sterculiaceae, ex- 
uding emollient gum. E. occidenta'le has the same 
virtues as Eriodendron anfractuosum. 
Eriodictyon Californicum, er-e-o-dik'te-on kal-e- 
for'ne-kum. Consumptive's weed, Bear's weed, Yerba 
santa, Mountain weed of California and Mexico. 
Leaves are used as stimulant expectorant in bron- 
chitis, phthisis, and catarrhal apnoea. E. glutino'- 
sum, E. Californicum. 
Eriophorum, er-e-of 'or-um. Cotton grass. E. poly- 
stach'ium, species of Europe, possesses laxative prop- 
erties. 
Eriosper'mum latifoTium (erion, wool, sperma, 
seed). S. African plant, the tuber of which is mucu- 
lent, and used externally in abrasions and superficial 
ulcers. 
Eristalis, er-is-tal'is. Insect, genus Syrphidoe. Lar- 
vae of this insect have been discovered in the urine 
of human beings. 
Erithace, er-ith'as-e. See Propolis. 
Erithricium (er-ith-ris'e-um) gnaphalioi'des. Na- 
tive of Chili; infusion is employed as a stomachic. 
Erodens, e-ro'dens (e, rodo, to gnaw). Caustic. 
Erodium cicutarium, er-o'de-um sik-u-tah're-um 
(erodios, heron). Variety of storksbill of the Gera- 
nium family, prescribed in dropsy, in decoction of 
the dried plant. E. moscha'tum, Geranium moscha- 
tum. 
Eromania, er-o-man'e-ah (eros, mania, love). Ero- 
tomania. 
Eronosus (er-on'os-us) or Eronu'sos (er, spring, no- 
sos or nousos, disease). Disease appearing chiefly in 
the spring. 
Eros, er'os. Love. 
Erosio, er-o'ze-o. Corrosion, erosion. E. et per- 
fora'tio sponta'nea ventric'uli, gastromalacia. 
Erosion, e-ro'zhun (e, rodo, to eat away). Action 
of a corrosive substance, or the gradual destruction 
of a part by such substance or by friction. Ulcer- 
ation is a form of spontaneous erosion. E., catar'rhal, 
catarrh attacking the epithelium, and followed by loss 
of epithelium. E., chan'crous, destruction of the 
normal tissues occurring in the neighborhood of a 
chancre. E., cys'tic, of the cervix uteri, inflamed 
condition of the mucous follicles of the vaginal part 
of the cervix and in the uterine cavity. E., gan'- 
grenous, of the cheek, cancer aquaticus. E., her- 
pet'ic, appearance of the vaginal portion of the cer- 
vix of the uterus, herpetiform in character, observed 
in catarrhal attacks of that organ. E. of the stom'- 
ach, hemorrhag'ic, form of chronic ulcerative gas- 
tritis of habitual drinkers. E. of the teeth, condi- 
tion of the teeth in children, in which they present a 
honeycombed appearance, due to stomatitis, especially 
the mercurial form. 
Erosive, e-ro'siv. Relating to, or giving rise to, 
erosion. 
Erotic, e-rot'ik (eros, love). Produced by love or 
sexual desire; causing such desire. 
Eroticomania, er-ot-e-ko-man'e-ah. Erotomania. 
Erotomanes, er-ot-om'an-ees. Suffering with ero- 
396 
ERUPTIVE 
Erotomania, er-ot-o-man'e-ah. Mental alienation 
caused by love or sexual desire. Nymphomania. 
Erpes, er'pees. Herpes. 
Erpetol'ogy. Herpetology. 
Errabundus, er-rah-bund'us (erro, to wander). 
Wandering or irregular. 
Erratic, er-rat'ik. Wandering, Irregular. Disappear- 
ing and recurring at regular intervals, as intermit- 
tents which observe no type. Applied also to pains 
or to diseased manifestations which move from one 
part to another, as in gout, rheumatism, erysipelas, 
etc.; also to worms which wander from one part-as 
the intestinal canal-to other parts, as the urinary 
passages. 
Errhine, er'rhin (er, rhis, nose). Sternutatory. Rem- 
edy acting on the Schneiderian membrane, exciting 
sneezing and increased discharge. 
Errhinum, er-rhe'num. Errhine, sternutatory. 
Errhipsis, er-rhip'sis. Prostration. 
Errhysis, er'ris-is (er, rheo, to flow). Draining of 
blood, or trifling hemorrhage. 
Er'ror. Deviation or aberration. E. of disper'sion, 
aberration of refrangibility. E. lo'ci, error of place. 
Deviation of fluids when they enter vessels not des- 
tined for them. 
Ers'mert. Polygonum hydropiper. 
Erubes'cence (e, rubeo, to be red). Blushing; red- 
ness. 
Eru'ca. Brassica eruca; sinapis. E. arven'sis, 
Sinapis arvensis. E. barba'rea, Erysimum barbarea. 
E. foe'tida, Brassica eruca. E. nizgra, Sinapis nigra. 
E. sati'va, Brassica eruca. 
Eru'cic acid. C22H42O2. Acid derived from oil of 
mustard. 
Erucin, e-ru'sin. Powder, yellow in color, ob- 
tained from sinapis alba. 
Eructation, e-ruk-ta'shun (eructo, to belch). Belch- 
ing. Sonorous emission by the mouth of flatus pro- 
ceeding from the stomach. 
Erugatoria, er-u-gat-o're-ah (e, ruga, wrinkle). 
Medicines which remove wrinkles. 
Erumpent, e-rum'pent (e, rumpo, to break out). 
Breaking out; eruptive. 
Eruptio, e-rup'she-o (e, rumpo, to break out). Erup- 
tion. E. exanthe'matis, breaking out of an eruption. 
E. san'guinis, hemorrhage. 
Eruption, e-rup'shun. Sudden and copious evacu- 
ation of fluid, as serum, blood, pus, etc., from a canal 
or cavity. Breaking out of an exanthem ; exanthem 
itself, as rash, pustules, vesicles, etc. E., medic'inal, 
cutaneous eruption due to internal administration of 
certain drugs. 
Eruptive, e-rup'tiv. Accompanied by eruption. 
E. fe'vers. The following tabulated arrangement 
presents some interesting facts in regard to the diag- 
nostic symptoms of this class of fevers, including 
typhus and enteric fevers, from their exanthematous 
nature (Finlayson): 
Date of Appearance of the Febrile Rashes 
AFTER THE FIRST SIGNS OF ILLNESS. 
Scarlatina rash appears on the first or second day. 
Small-pox appears on the third day. 
Measles appears on the fourth day. 
Typhus appears on the fifth day. 
Typhoid or enteric fever appears' on the seventh day or later. 
Chicken-pox usually shows itself within the first day after 
the constitutional disturbance, but this is often so slight as 
not to be clearly marked. 
German measles (red measles, rotheln, roseola, rosalia, etc.) 
may appear on the second, third, or fourth day, or the rash 
may be among the very first symptoms recognized. 
Erysipelas varies considerably as to the date of its appear- 
ance on the skin, but may usually be detected on the day 
after shiverings or other febrile disturbances have appeared. 
Occasionally, however, the rash is delayed or suppressed, or 
appears only as fugitive patches which readily escape notice, 
just as happens in certain cases of scarlatina. 
PERIOD OF INCUBATION. 
This is not always uniform, and in many cases cannot be 
determined with accuracy, as the infection may linger in 
the clothing or other materials (fomites) for some time after 
the more obvious exposure of the person to the disease. ERVA DE SANCTA MARIA 
Scarlatina: incubation period varies from a few hours to 
eight or ten days; apparent prolongation for a longer 
period (which is not unusual) can often be explained 
more naturally on the supposition of infection through 
clothing and the like. 
Small-pox: thirteen or fourteen days. 
Varicella or chicken-pox: ten to fourteen days. 
Measles: usually about a fortnight; said to be seven days 
when inoculated from nasal mucus; variation in ex- 
treme from seven to twenty-one days. 
German measles (rotheln): varies from seven to fourteen 
days. 
Typhus fever: varies from a single day to nearly three 
weeks; usually about seven to fourteen days. 
Typhoid or enteric fever: about two or three weeks. 
Erysipelas: period very uncertain ; probably short as a rule. 
LIABILITY TO SECOND ATTACKS. 
Scarlatina: an indubitable second attack very rare, but not 
unknown; dubious illnesses erroneously called scarlet 
fever may account for most of the so-called second 
attacks. 
Varicella or chicken-pox : a second attack extremely rare. 
Typhus fever: a second attack extremely rare, but not un- 
known ; the common confusion between typhus and ty- 
phoid (enteric) fever must be remembered in judging of 
the history of patients. 
Small-pox: a second attack by no means rare; errors in 
the diagnosis from other forms of pustular eruptions 
are quite possible. Traces of former attacks are usually 
visible. 
Measles: a second attack, as alleged, is very common; pos- 
sibly this may arise from there being two forms of mea- 
sles with distinct powers of infection. 
Typhoid or enteric fever: one attack does not seem to afford 
much if any protection from a second (relapses are also 
very common). 
Erysipelas: one attack seems rather to predispose to a 
second than to afford exemption. 
Erva de Sancta Maria, er'vah de sank'tab mah-re'- 
ah. Arum dracunculus. 
Ervum (er'vum) or Ervil'ia. A kind of lentil. 
Meal of the seeds has been useddn poultices. E. ervil'- 
ia, ervum. E. lens, lentil; the seed is eaten like peas; 
it is flatulent and difficult of digestion. E. plica'tum, 
ervum. 
Eryge, er'e-je. Eructation. 
Erygmatodes, er-ig-mat-o'dees. Producing eructa- 
tions. 
Eryngium aquaticum, er-in'je-um ah-kwat'ik-um. 
Water eryngo, Button snakeroot. Ord. Umbel li ferae. 
The root eryngium is nearly allied to the contrayerva, 
and is a sudorific and expectorant. E. campes'tre, 
of Europe, is diuretic and emmenagogue; is some- 
times used for E. maritimum. E. foet'idum, Feverweed, 
indigenous; is alterative, sedative, and antipyretic. 
E. marit'imum or mari'num (ereugomai, to belch), 
Sea holly or eryngo. The root has a slightly aromatic 
odor and 'sweetish and warm taste; is diuretic and 
expectorant. E. vulga're, E. campestre. E. yuccse- 
fo'lium, E. aquaticum. 
Eryngo (er-in'go) root. Eryngium maritimum. E., 
sea, Eryngium maritimum. E., wa'ter, E. aquaticum. 
Erysimum, er-is'im-um (eruo, to draw). Hedge-mus- 
tard ; expectorant and diuretic. Seeds resemble mus- 
tard. E. allia'rla, alliaria. E. barbare'a, antiscor- 
butic; see Alliaria. E. cordifo'lium, alliaria. E. 
lyra'tum, E. barbarea. E. offlcina'le, erysimum. 
Erysipelacea, er-e-sip-el-ah'se-ah (same etymon as 
Erysipelas). Family of eruptive diseases compris- 
ing erysipelas, variola, rubeola, and scarlatina. 
Erysipelas, e-re-sip'el-as (erusos, red, pella, skin). 
St. Anthony's fire, Wildfire. A disease characterized by 
superficial inflammation of the skin, with general 
fever, tension, and swelling of the part; the surface 
smooth and shining as if oiled, Erysipelas glabrum; 
pain and heat, redness diffused, but more or less cir- 
cumscribed, and disappearing when pressed upon by 
the finger, but returning as soon as the pressure is 
removed. Frequently small vesicles appear upon the 
inflamed part, which dry up and fall off as branny 
scales. This disease is contagious and inoculable, and 
is thought to be the result of the introduction of a 
specific coccus, the streptococcus pyogenes. Erysipe- 
las is generally acute, its medium duration being from 
ten to fourteen days. When it reaches its acme and 
ceases to spread, it receives the name Erysipelas fixum. 
397 
ERYTHEMA 
It yields, commonly, to general refrigerant remedies. 
Topical applications of bichloride of mercury and ich- 
thyol in the form of an ointment are very serviceable. 
At times, when it approaches the phlegmonous cha- 
racter, copious bleeding and other evacuants may be 
required, as in many cases of erysipelas of the face. 
In most cases the general action seems deficient, and 
it becomes necessary to give tonics. When erysipelas 
is highly inflammatory and invades the parts beneath, 
it is termed Erysipelas phlegmonodes; when accompa- 
nied with phlyctenje and the inflammation termi- 
nates in gangrene, Erysipelas gangreenosum; and when 
associated with infiltration of serum, Erysipelas cecle- 
matosum; when superficial and tending to spread in- 
definitely, Erysipelas erraticum. At times the surface 
in erysipelas has a bronzed rather than a red hue, 
Bronzed erysipelas. E., bronzed, see Erysipelas. E. 
coc'cus, Micrococcus erysipelatosus; see Erysipelas. E. 
errat'icum, see Erysipelas. E. fix'um, see Erysipelas. 
E. gangrseno'sum, see Erysipelas. E. glab'rum, see 
Erysipelas. E. mi'grans, erysipelas erraticum. E. 
oedemato'sum, see Erysipelas. E. period'ica nervo'sa 
chron'ica, pellagra. E. phlegmono'des, see Erysipelas. 
E. phlyctenoi'des, herpes zoster. E., puer'peral, 
erysipelas occurring in women who have been re- 
cently delivered. E. pustulo'sa, herpes zoster. E. 
zoster, herpes zoster. 
Erysipelatodes, er-e-sip-el-at-o'dees. Erysipelatous. 
Erysipelatoid, er-e-sip-el'at-oid. Resembling ery- 
sipelas. 
Erysipelato-parotitis, er-e-sip-el'at-o-par-o-te'tis. 
Parotitis accompanied with erysipelas. 
Erysipel'atous. Relating to erysipelas. E. inflam- 
ma'tion, character of inflammation which distin- 
guishes erysipelas. 
Erysipeline, er-e-sip'el-een. The zymotic poison of 
erysipelas. 
Erysipelo-gonorrhcea, er-i-sip'el-o-gon-or-rhe'ah. 
Urethritis erysipelatous in character. 
Erysipeloid, er-e-sip'el-oid. Resembling erysipelas; 
also cutaneous affection from infection with micro- 
organisms of septic animal matter. 
Erysipelorchitis, er-e-sip-el-or-ke'tis. Orchitis ac- 
companied with erysipelas. 
Erysipelous, er-e-sip'el-us. Erysipelatous. 
Erysipelurethritis, er-e-sip-el-u-re-thre'tis. Ure- 
thritis erysipelatous in character. 
Erysos, ere-sos (red). Erythema. 
Erythanthema, er-e-than'the-mah {eruthros, red, an- 
thos, flower). Efflorescence of the skin. The erythan- 
themata constitute a class of diseases resembling ery- 
thema in origin, but differing in their development. 
Erythema, er-e-tha'mah (vulg. er-e-the'mah) (eru- 
thros, red, rose-colored). Inflammatory blush. Name 
sometimes given to erysipelas, especially when of a 
local character. It is also applied to the morbid red- 
ness on the cheeks of the hectic and on the skin cov- 
ering bubo, phlegmon,, etc. It is a nearly continuous 
redness of some portion of the skin, attended with dis- 
order of the constitution, but not contagious. Many 
varieties are described by dermatologists. Local ery- 
thema, which is merely hypersemia, without much, if 
any, appreciable effusion into the cutis and cellular 
tissue, is sometimes called Erythema hypereemicum. If 
there is more or less escape of serosity from the ves- 
sels, with prominence of the eruption, it is called Ery- 
thema exudativum. Sometimes erythema is used syn- 
onymously with erysipelas. E. ab a'crlbus, hyperse- 
mia produced by acrid or poisonous agents. E. acro- 
dyn'ia, acrodynia. E. ambus'tio, burn. E. annu- 
la're, form generally called E. marginatum. E. an'- 
thrax, anthrax. E. calor'icum, rash resulting from 
the action of heat on the skin. E. centrif 'ugum, 
variety of erythema attacking the face, commencing 
as a small red spot, and spreading to affect the whole 
face. E. circina'tum, see E. marginatum. E. endem'- 
icum, pellagra. E., epidem'ic, acrodynia. E. exu- 
dati'vum, see Erythema. E. figura'tum, erythema 
with patches running together to form a novel ap- 
pearance of the surface. E. a frig'ore, chilblain. E. 
fu'gax, erythema appearing on the body in febrile ERYTHEMATOUS 
diseases, teething children, etc., and of brief duration. 
E. gangrseno'sum, anthrax. E. hyperse'micum, see 
Erythema. E. ichoro'sum, eczema mercuriale. E. in- 
tertri'go, chafing. E. Ise've, slight erythema affecting 
the skin, as in oedema. E. margina'tum, form in 
which the prominent patches of erythema are dis- 
tinctly separated from the skin at their margins. 
When they can be distinctly measured or composed, 
we have E. circinatum. E. mercuria'le, eczema mer- 
curiale. E. multifor'me, under this head are included 
various forms of symptomatic erythemata. E. nodoz- 
sum, severe form of E. tuberculatum. E. papula'tum, 
E., papulated, at first appearing on face, neck, breast, 
etc. of females, young persons especially. Eash which 
breaks out in epidemic cholera, generally described 
as a roseola, Roseola cholerica, is erythema papulatum. 
E. paratrim'ma, chafing. E. pellagro'sum, pellagra. 
E. per'nio, chilblain. E. purif'luens, E. intertrigo, 
producing by irritation a raw surface giving out a 
puriform fluid. E. rose'ola, E. of dull-red color; may 
precede eruptive fevers. E. scarlatiniforzme, rubella. 
E. sim'plex, congestion produced by irritation from 
without. E. sola're, pellagra, attended with eruption 
of small red spots or patches on the parts exposed to 
the sun. E. tubercula'tum or tuberculo'sum, ery- 
thema in which the patches are in small lumps. E. 
urtica'ria, preliminary appearance of urticaria. E. 
vaccin'ium, form of erythema occurring the first or 
second day after vaccination, or about the eighth or 
ninth day, when the vaccine vesicle commences to 
mature. E. variolo'sum, see Roseolse. E. venena'- 
tum, E. ab acribus. E. vesiculo'sum, local erythema 
from the application of an irritant, characterized by 
vesicles on a red base. E. volat'icum, E. fugax. 
Erythematous (er-e-them'at-us) or Erythemat'ic. 
Appertaining or relating to erythema. 
Erythemoid, er-e-them'oid (erythema, eidos, resem- 
blance). Resembling erythema. 
Er'ythlsm of the stom'ach. Neurosis of the stom- 
ach, usually due to neuralgic diathesis. 
Erythraea centaurium, er-e-thre'ah sen-taw-re'um 
(eruthros, red). Chironia centaurium. E. Chilen'- 
sis, Canchalagua, Chironia Chilensis; febrifuge and 
cholagogue. 
Erythraemia, er-e-thre'me-ah (erythro, haima, blood). 
Plethora. 
Erythranche, er-e-thran'ke (erythro, ancho, to suf- 
focate). Erysipelatous or erythematous sore throat. 
Erythrasma, er-e-thraz'mah. Eczema margina- 
tum ; cutaneous affection, like erythema intertrigo, 
due to micro-organism in the epithelial layer called 
Microsporon minutissimum. 
Erythrema, er-e-thre'mah. Erythema. 
Erythrenteria, er-e-thren-ter'e-ah (erythro, red, 
enter on, intestine). Hypenemia of the intestines. 
Erythrina (er-e-thre'nah) coralloden'dron. E. In- 
dica. E. cristagal'li, Brazilian tree, inner bark of 
which, mulangee baric, is narcotic and hypnotic. E. 
In'dica, coral tree; bark is sedative to the nervous 
system. E. monosper/ma, Butea frondosa. 
Erythrine, er'ith-reen. Alkaloid, C20H22O10, obtained 
from Erythrina corallodendron. 
Erythro, er'e-thro (eruthros, red). In composition, 
red. 
Erythroblasts, er'e-thro-blasts (eruthros, red, blastos, 
germ). Protoplasmic condition of red blood-globules. 
Erythrocentaurin, er-e-thro-sen-taw'rin. Crystal- 
lizable derivative, C27H24OH, from Erythrina centau- 
rium. 
Erythrochloropy, er-e-thro-klo'ro-pe (eruthros, red, 
chlor os, green, ope, vision). Color-blindness as to all 
colors except red and green. 
Erythrochceras, er-e-thro-ke'ras (erythro, choiras, 
glandular swelling). Cynanche parotideea. 
Erythrocruorin, er-e-thro-kru'or-in (eruthros, red, 
cruor, blood). Haemoglobin. 
Erythrocyte, er'e-thro-site (eruthros, red, kutos, cell). 
Eed blood-corpuscle. 
Erythrodanum, e-e-throd'an-um. Rubia. 
Erythrodermia, er-e-thro-dur'me-ah (eruthros, red, 
derma, skin). Pathological reddening of the skin. 
398 
ESAPHE 
Erythrodextri.il, er-e-thro-deks'trin {eruthros, red, 
dextrin). Amylo-dextrin, CeHioOs, a substance iso- 
meric with dextrin. When saliva acts upon starch 
erythrodextrin is a product. The test for its presence 
in the stomach consists in adding iodine to the filtered 
gastric juice, when a purple color appears if erythro- 
dextrin is present. 
Erythrogaster, er-e-thro-gas'ter {eruthros, red, gas- 
ter, belly). Having a red belly. 
Eryttirogran'ulose. Granular substance in the' 
grains of starch colored red by iodine. 
Erythroid, er'e-throid {erythro, eidos, resemblance).. 
Eeddish. E. coat, vaginal coat of the testes. E.. 
ves'icle, vesicle of the foetus, pyriform and much 
longer than, although of the same breadth as, the. 
umbilical vesicle. 
Erythromelalgia, er-e-thro-mel-al'je-ah eruthros, 
red, melos, limb, algos, pain). Vaso-motor neurosis, 
of the lower extremities, attended with local redness, 
and intense pain-Reynaud's disease. 
Erythronium, er-e-thro'ne-um. E. Americanum. 
E. America'num, Common erythronium, Yellow snake- 
leaf, Yellow adder's tongue, Adderleaf, Dog violet, Dog's 
tooth violet, Rattlesnake violet, Lamb's tongue, Scrofula 
root, Yellow snowdrop. Ord. Liliacese. E. dens ca'- 
nis, E. Americanum. E. lanceola'tum, E. Ameri- 
canum. E. longifo'lium, E. Americanum. 
Erythrophlseine, er-e-thro-fle'een. Poisonous alka- 
loid from erythrophlseum or sassy-bark, resembling 
digitalin or picrotoxin. The hydrochloride is used; 
said to be a more potent cardiac agent than digitalin. 
Erythrophleum judiciale, er-e-thro-fle'um ju-dis-e- 
ah'le {erythro, phleo, to flow). Casca or sassy-bark tree. 
Doom-bark, from E. Guineense or E. judiciale of 
Africa; used as an errhine, and also as a substitute 
for digitalis and as an ordeal-poison. 
Erythrophlogosis, er-e-thro-flo-go'sis {eruthros, red, 
phlogosis, burning). Inflammation accompanied with 
marked redness. 
Erythrophobia, er-e-thro-pho'be-ah {eruthros, red, 
phobos, fear). Morbid dread of red color. 
Erythropia, er-e-thro'pe-ah {erythro, ops, vision). 
Defective vision in which everything seen has a red 
shading. 
Erythropityriasis, er-e-thro-pit-e-re'as-is. Pityri- 
asis rubra. 
Erythroplast, er'e-thro-plast. Erythroblast. 
Erythropsia, er-e-throp'se-ah {erythro, ops, vision). 
Erythropia. 
Erythropsin, er-e-throp'sin. Eed or purple seen on 
the retina. 
Erythrophthalmia, er-e-throf-thal'me-ah {eruthros, 
red, ophthalmia). Ophthalmia accompanied with 
marked redness. 
Erythropyra, er-e-throp'ir-ah {erythro, pur, fire, 
fever). Erysipelas. 
Erythroretin, er-e-thro-re'tin {erythro, resina, resin). 
Eesinous matter of rhubarb. 
Erythrorrhiza rotundifolia, er-e-thror-re'zah to- 
tun-de-fo'le-ah {erythro, rhisa, root). Galax aphylla. 
Erythrose, er'e-throse. Eed coloring matter ob- 
tained from rhubarb by treating the latter with nitric 
acid. 
Erythrosls, er-e-thro'sis. Eubefaction; plethora. 
Erythroxyline, er-e-throx'il-een. Cocaine. 
Erythroxylon coca (er-e-throks'e-lon ko-kah) or 
Erythrox'ylum {erythro, xulon, wood). Coca; a plant 
growing on the eastern slopes of the Andes; prized 
in Peru, Chili, and Bolivia as a nervous stimulant 
and an article of diet; serves as a substitute for the 
tea, coffee, betel, tobacco, hashish, and opium of other 
peoples. The leaves are the part used medicinally. 
Erythroxylon (Ph. U. S.) is the leaves of E. coca. 
The active alkaloid, cocaine, has been separated from 
it. See Cocaine. E. lu'cidum, Lithia acuminata. 
Erythruria, er-e-thru're-ah {eruthros, red, our on, 
urine). Hsematuria; emission of red urine. 
Esaphe, es'af-e {eis, haphao, to feel, to feel inside). 
Introduction of a finger or fingers into the vagina, 
to examine the condition of the uterus. Employed 
to verify the existence or non-existence of pregnancy ESCA 
and its different stages; to detect certain affections 
or faults of conformation in the genital organs and 
pelvis ; and to examine into the progress of labor, etc. 
Esca, es'kah. Aliment. 
Escallonia (es-kal-lo'ne-ah) myrtilloi'des. Species 
of Escallonise growing in Peru; the leaves are used 
for poultices on wounds and as a tonic. E. resinosa 
and E. rubra have both tonic properties. 
Escara, es'kar-ah. Eschar. 
Eschalot, es'shal-ot. Species of Allium. 
Eschar, es'kar. Slough, crust, or scab; disorgan- 
ized portion arising from the mortification of a part, 
and distinguishable from the living parts by its color, 
consistence, and other physical properties. Inflam- 
mation excited in the contiguous parts gives occasion 
to a secretion of pus between the living and dead 
parts, ultimately completely separating the latter. 
The process is called sloughing. 
Eschara, es'kar-ah. Eschar. Vulva. 
Escharification, es-kar-i-fi-ka'shun. Formation of 
an eschar. 
Escharodermitis, es-kar-o-dur-me'tis (eschara, es- 
char, derma, skin). Dermatitis in which an eschar 
occurs. 
Escharopsedophlysis, es-kar-o-pe-dof'lis-is (eschara, 
eschar, pais, child, phlusis, eruption). Escharodermi- 
tis occurring in children. 
Escharosis, es-kar-o'sis. Formation of an eschar. 
Escharotic, es-kar-ot'ik. Destroying living tis- 
sues, producing an eschar; substance which, when 
applied upon a living part, produces such an effect. 
Eschomelia, es-ko-me'le-ah. Variety of monstros- 
ity in which defect of a limb exists. 
Eschscholt'zia Califor'nica. California plant, the 
alcoholic extract of which is sedative, resembling 
morphia in its effect and action; analgesic and 
soporific. 
Escoba (es-ko'ba) amaya. Parthenium hystero- 
pharum. 
Escorzonera, es-kor-zon-a'rah. Scorzonera. 
Esculapian (from Medical. 
Esculent, es'ku-lent (esca, food). Edible ; eatable ; 
cibarious; such plants, or such parts of plants or ani- 
mals, as may be eaten for food. 
Esculin, es'ku-lin. jEsculin. 
Esenbeckia febrifuga, es-en-bek'e-ah feb-rif'u-gah. 
Brazilian tree, ord. Eutacese, from which a variety of 
angostura is procured; febrifuge. An alkaloid called 
Esenbeclcine has been obtained from it. 
Eseria (es-e're-ah) or Eserine, es'er-een. Alkaloid 
from Physostigma venenosum, Calabar bean; called 
also physostigmine and calabarine. Used by ophthal- 
mologists for various affections of the eye and as a 
mydriatic, usually in doses of gr. ij to of dis- 
tilled water. E. hydrobro'mate, prepared by neu- 
tralizing eserine with solution of hydrobromic acid. 
E. sal'icylate, result of combining eserine with sal- 
icylic acid. E. sul'phate, produced by neutralizing 
ethereal solution of eserine with sulphuric acid. 
Eseridine e-ser'id-een. C15H23N3O3. Alkaloid from 
seeds or leaves of Physostigma venenosum or Cala- 
bar bean, in which is also found eserine or phy- 
sostigmine. It is toxic to the heart, but only one- 
sixth as strong as eserine. Its hypodermic use has 
produced gangrene. 
Esmarch's apparatus, es'mark's ap-par-at'us. 
Arrangement for removing blood from a limb before 
amputation or other important operation, by applica- 
tion of a broad rubber bandage wrapped tightly from 
below. E.'s band'age, E.'s apparatus. E.'s tourni- 
quet, E.'s apparatus. E.'s tubes, tubes containing 
thin layer of gelatin, for culture of bacteria. 
Eso, es'o (within). In composition, within. 
Esochas (es'o-kas) or Esoche, es'o-ke (eso, echo, to 
have). Tumor, as a hemorrhoid, within the anus. 
Esocolitis, es-o-ko-le'tis (eso, colitis). Dysentery. 
Esodic, es-od'ik (eso, hodos, way). Afferent. 
Esoenteritis, es-o-en-ter-e'tis. Inflammation of mu- 
cous coat of intestines. 
Esoethmoiditis, es-o-eth-mo-id-e'tis. Inflammation 
of ethmoid cells. 
399 
ESSENTIAL 
Esogastritis, es-o-gas-tre'tis. Inflammation of lining 
membrane of stomach. 
Esophoria, es-o-for'e-ah leso, phe.ro, to bear). Bend- 
ing of visual lines inward. 
Esoptrocnaphallon, es-op-tro-na-fal'lon (eisoptron, 
mirror, knaphalon, wool). Plug of speculum for the 
vagina. 
Esorhinus, es-o-rhi'nus. Term applied to crania in 
which a line projected from the nasion to the alve- 
olar point comes in front of a line drawn from na- 
sion to rhinion. 
Esosmometrum, es-os-mo-met'rum (m, into, osmos, 
impulse, metron). Apparatus for estimating endos- 
mosis. 
Esosmosis (es-os-mo'sis) or Esosmus, es-os'mus (eis- 
otheo, to thrust into). Endosmosis. 
Esosphenoiditis, es-o-sfen-oid-e'tis. Inflammation 
of lining membrane of sphenoidal cells; osteomyelitis 
of the sphenoid bone. 
Esoteric, es-o-ter'ik (esoteros, interior). Private, 
interior; as esoteric causes of disease, in contradis- 
tinction to exoteric, public or exterior. 
Esoterism (es'ot-er-izm), med'ical. Esotery, or 
mystery and secrecy, with which a practitioner per- 
forms his daily duties. 
Esotropia, es-o-tro'pe-ah (eso, inward, trepo, to 
turn). Convergent strabismus. 
Esphlasis, es'flas-is (es, inward, phlao, to break). 
Fracture of skull by comminution, the fragments 
being depressed. Depression. 
Espnoic, esp'no-ik. Inspiratory. 
Essence. By some used synonymously with volatile 
oil; by others with simple tincture or with alcoholic 
solution of volatile oil, as essence of peppermint. E. 
of an'ise, essentia anisi. E. of Barda'na, tinctura 
guaiaci ammoniata. E. of car'away, essentia carui. 
E. of cin'namon, essentia cinnamomi. E. of colts'- 
foot, see Tinctura benzoini composita. E. of fen'nel, 
essentia foeniculi. E. of gin'ger, tinctura zingiberis 
fortior. E. of lem'on, spiritus limonis. E. of mint, 
spiritus menthae piperitae. E. of musk, tinctura 
moschi. E. of nut'meg, essentia myristicae moschatae. 
E. of pennyroy'al, essentia menthae pulegii. E. of 
pep'permint, spiritus menthae piperitae. E. of pi- 
men'to, essentia pimentae. E. of rose'mary, essentia 
rosmarini. E. of roses, see Rosa centifolia. E. of 
spear'mint, spiritus menthae viridis. E. of spruce, 
see Pinus abies. 
Essentia, es-sen'she-ah. Essence; tincture. E. 
abie'tes, see Pinus abies. E. absin'thia ama'ra, 
tinctura absinthii composita. E. absin'thii compos'- 
ita, tinctura a. composita. E. al'oes, tinctura aloes. 
E. ani'si, Essence of anise (ol. anisi and spirit, rectif.); 
dose, as a carminative. E. antimo'nii or 
stib'ii, vinum antimonii tartarizati. E. antisep'tica 
Huxha'mi, tinctura cinchonas compositum. E. aro- 
mat'ica, tinctura cinnamomi composita. E. car'ui, 
Essence of caraway (oh carui and alcohol); dose, gtt. 
xx-fgj as a carminative. E. casto'rei, tinctura cas- 
torei. E. de ce'dro, oleum cedrinum. E. Chi'nae, 
tinctura cinchonae composita. E. cinnamo'mi, Es- 
sence of cinnamon (ol. cinnam. and alcohol); dose, gtt. x- 
xx. E. cor'ticis Peruvia'na antisep'tica Huxha'mi, 
tinctura cinchonae composita. E. c. P. compos'ita, tinc- 
tura cinchonae amara. E. foenic'uli, Essence of fennel 
(ol. fcenic. and alcohol); dose, gtt. x-fgj. E. men'- 
thae piperi'tae, spiritus menthae piperitae. E. m. pu- 
le'gii, Essence of pennyroyal (ol. puleg. and alcohol); 
dose, gtt. xv-xxx. E. m. vir'idis, tinctura olei men- 
thae viridis. E. myrist'icae moscha'tae, Essence of 
nutmeg (ol. myrist. and alcohol); dose, gtt. xx-xxx. 
E. nero'li, see Citrus aurantium. E. pepsi'ni, wine of 
pepsin. E. pimen'tae, Essence of pimento (ol. piment. 
and alcohol); dose, gtt. xxx-lx. E. rosmari'ni, Es- 
sence of rosemary (ol. rosmarini and alcohol); dose, 
gtt. xxx-lx. E. terebin'thinae, oleum terebinthinae. 
Essential, es-sen'shal. Term applied to the active 
principles of vegetables believed to be endowed with 
the properties of the plants from which they are 
extracted. Essential oil was so called because re- 
garded as the only immediate principle which was ESSENTIALISM 
essential. Essential salts are true salts or extracts, 
existing ready formed in vegetables, obtained by 
distillation, incineration, or some other process. Es- 
sential disease is synonymous with a general disease; 
that is, one not depending on any local affection, not 
symptomatic. E. paral'ysis, paralysis without per- 
ceptible lesion. E. ver'tigo, vertigo without percept- 
ible lesion. 
Essen'tialism. Theory that every disease has its 
own individual features, requiring its own individual 
treatment. 
Essentiality, es-sen-she-al'it-e. See Essential disease. 
Essera, es'se-rah. Species of cutaneous eruption, 
consisting of small, reddish tubercles over the whole 
body, with troublesome itching; variety of lichen or 
urticaria. 
Esthema (es-tha'mah) or Esthesis, es-tha'sis (gar- 
ment). Clothing. See Vestitus. 
Esthiomenus (es-the-om'en-us) or Esthiom'enos (es- 
thio, to eat). That which devours or eats away. Cer- 
tain ulcers and eruptions are so called, especially ro- 
dent ulcer of the vulvo-anal region. 
Estival, es'te-val (aestas, summer). Happening in 
summer; belonging to summer. Epithet given to 
summer diseases, because they reign at that season 
and appear to depend on the influence exerted by it 
on the animal economy. In the United States the 
summer disease or complaint means disorder of the 
bowels, as diarrhoea, cholera morbus, etc. 
Est'lander's operation. Operation of excision of 
a rib or ribs for discharging thoracic abscess. 
Esula (es'u-lah) cyparis'sias. Euphorbia cyparis- 
sias. E. ma'jor, Euphorbia palustris. E. mi'nor, 
Euphorbia cyparissias. 
Esuries (es-u're-ees), Esurigo (es-u-re'go), or Esu- 
ritio, e-su-rish'e-o. Hunger. 
Esurinus, es-u-re'nus. Causing hunger. 
Esuritis, es-u-re'tis. Ulcerated condition of the 
stomach caused by inanition. 
Etaeristria, et-e-ris'tre-ah (etaireo, to indulge unnat- 
ural desires). A female whose clitoris is so large as 
to cause her to be regarded as a hermaphrodite. 
Eternal (e-tur'nal) flower. Helichrysum orientate. 
Etesticulatio, e-tes-tik-u-lah'she-o (e, testiculus, tes- 
ticle). Castration. 
E'thal. Cetyl hydrate. See Cetyl alcohol. 
Eth'alyl. Cetyl. 
Ethemosyne, eth-em-os'in-e. Habit. 
Eth'ene. Ethylene. 
Ether, e'thur. /Ether; aether sulphuricus. E., 
ace'tic, see .Ether sulphuricus. E., chloric, aether 
chloricus; see also Chloroform. Under the names 
concentrated chloric ether and strong chloric ether a 
compound of pure chloroform and nearly absolute al- 
cohol, in the proportion of one-third of the former 
to two-thirds of the latter, has been used as an an- 
aesthetic by inhalation in the same cases as sulphuric 
ether and chloroform. It is properly an alcoholic so- 
lution or tincture of chloroform. See Spiritus chloro- 
formi and Chloroform. E., chlo'rinated, see Ether 
muriaticus. E., chlorohy'dric, aether muriaticus; 
see Ether sulphuricus. E., com'pound, preparation 
consisting of a solution of chloroform in sulphuric 
ether, used as an anaesthetic in the same cases 
as chloroform. E., gel'atinized, see Ether sul- 
phuricus. E., hydrobro'mic, C/HsBr, volatile liquid 
made by distilling powdered bromide of potassium 
with a mixture of strong sulphuric acid and alco- 
hol; colorless liquid with odor of chloroform, 
without its disagreeable after effects; rapid anaes- 
thetic. E., hydrochloric, see Ether. E., hydrocy- 
anic, aether hydrocyanicus. E., iohy'dric, aether 
hydriodicus. E., marine', aether muriaticus. E., 
meth'yl-ethyl'ic, methylic ether, made by adding 
pure methylic alcohol and strong sulphuric acid, is an 
anaesthetic devoid of unpleasant symptoms. Dis- 
solved in ether, it is called methyl-ethylic ether, 
and may be employed as a rapid anaesthetic in short 
operations. E., methylic, ether, methyl-ethylic. E., 
muriatic, aether muriaticus. E., m., spirit of, spir- 
itus aetheris muriatici. E., ni'tric, see Ether. E., 
400 
ETHMOID 
ni'trous, Nitrite of ethyl, N. of oxide of ethyl. This 
liquid, the characteristic ingredient of Spiritus xtheris 
nitrosi, is closely analogous in its action to nitrite of 
amyl. It is too powerful for anaesthetic purposes. 
E., ozo'nic, Ozonized ether (peroxide of hydrogen in 
ether); used in the form of spray in the sick-room 
as a purifying agent. It does not irritate the respira- 
tory organs, but cannot be safely employed near a 
light or fire. See Hydrogen, binoxide of. E., pearls 
of, seexEther sulphuricus. E., phospho'ric, see xEther. 
E., prus'sic, aether hydrocyanicus. E. pu'rus, see 
JEther sulphuricus. E., pyroace'tic, acetone. E., 
rectified, aether sulphuricus. E. spray, see xEther 
sulphuricus. E., strong'er, see xEther sulphuricus. E., 
sulphu'ric, aether sulphuricus. E., terebin'thinated, 
aether terebinthinatus. E., xylostyp'tic, colloid 
styptic. 
Ethereal (e-the're-al) or Ethereous, e-the're-us. 
Etherification, e-ther-i-fi-ka'shun (eether, ether, facio, 
to make). Generation of an ether from an alcohol. 
E'therin. Crystalline substance in oleum aethe- 
reum, and of same composition as ethylene. 
Etherine, hydrocyanate (e'ther-in, hy-dro-si'an-ate) 
of. jEther hydrocyanicus. E., mu'riate of, aether 
muriaticus. 
Etherioscope, e-the're-o-skop (xther, skopeo, to ex- 
amine). Apparatus for estimating the ratio of ether 
or of acetic acid to water in a solution. 
Etherism, e'thur-izm. Aggregate of phenomena 
induced by the inhalation of ether. 
Etherization, e-thur-iz-a'shun. Administration of 
ether by inhalation as an anaesthetic. Anaesthetic 
effect of ether. 
E'therize. To place under the anaesthetic influ- 
ence of ether. 
Etherized, e'thur-ized. Presenting the phenomena 
induced by the inhalation of ether. 
Etherol, e'thur-ol (ether, oleum, oil). Oleum aethe- 
reum; also liquid resulting from acting upon oleum 
aethereum with water. 
Etheromania, e-ther-o-man'e-a. Mania for, or ex- 
cessive indulgence in, ether as an intoxicant. 
Eth'ics, med'ical (ethos, moral conduct). The du- 
ties and rights of medical practitioners. 
Eth'idene dichlor'ide. Employed sometimes as 
an anaesthetic; its properties are not well understood 
as yet. 
Ethiopian, e-thi-o'pe-an. See Homo. 
Ethiops, e'the-ops. See xEthiops. E. mar'tial, 
black deutoxide of iron. 
Ethisis (eth'is-is) or Ethismus, eth-iz'mus (etheo, to 
sift). Filtration. 
Ethmo, eth'mo (ethmos, sieve). In composition, a 
sieve; also the ethmoid bone. 
Ethmoceph'alus (ethmo, ethmoidal portion of nose, 
kephale, head). Monstrosity in form of cyclocephalus, 
in which the eyes are close together, but distinct; the 
nasal apparatus atrophied and rudimental. Cyclops. 
Such a condition is called Ethmocephalia. 
Ethmocranial (eth-mo-kra'ne-al) an'gle. Angle 
formed between cribriform plate of ethmoid and basi- 
cranial axis. 
Eth'moid (ethmos, sieve, eidos, form). Shaped like 
a sieve. E. bone, one of the eight bones comprising 
the cranium; so called because its upper plate is 
pierced by a considerable number of holes. The 
ethmoid bone is situate at the anterior, inferior, and 
middle part of the base of the cranium. It seems to 
be composed of a multitude of thin, fragile, semi- 
transparent laminae, forming more or less spacious 
cells, called the ethmoidal labyrinth or cells, distin- 
guished into anterior and posterior. These commu- 
nicate with the nose, and are lined by a prolongation 
of the pituitary membrane. The ethmoid bone is 
constituted of compact tissue, and is surrounded by 
the ethmoid suture. It is articulated with the frontal 
and sphenoidal bones, the cornua sphenoidalia, the 
superior maxillary bones, the palate bones, the ossa 
turbinata inferiora, the vomer, the proper bones of 
the nose, and the lacrymal bones. ETHMOIDAL 
Ethmoidal, eth-moid'al. Belonging or relating to 
the ethmoid bone. E. an'trum, ethmoidal cells. E. 
apoph'ysis, advanced part of the sphenoid bone, 
articulating with the ethmoid. E. ar'teries are two 
in number, branches of the ophthalmic artery. E. 
cells, cells in lateral masses of ethmoid bones. E. 
crest, ridge on superior surface of ethmoid. E. fis'- 
sures, fissures in cribriform plate of ethmoid. E. 
foram'ina, foramina on inner part of orbit between 
ethmoid and frontal bones. E. grooves, deep depres- 
sions between lateral masses of ethmoid and vertical 
plate. E. lab'yrinth, E. cells. E. nerve, branch from 
nasal nerve, supplying the nose. E. notch, notch for 
reception of cribriform plate of ethmoid. E. sinus- 
es, E. cells. E. spine, spine of sphenoid bone articu- 
lating with cribriform plate of ethmoid. E. su'ture, 
suture between ethmoid and frontal bones. E. veins, 
these vessels correspond in distribution with the eth- 
moidal arteries. 
Ethmoiditis, eth-mo-id-e'tis. Inflammation of eth- 
moid bone or cells. 
Ethmoido-frontal (eth-moi'do-fron'tal) suture. Su- 
ture between ethmoid and frontal bones. 
Ethmo-lacrymal angle, eth'mo-lak'rim-al an'g'l. 
Part of upper jawbone, orbital portion of which fits 
in space between lacrymal bone and orbital plate of 
ethmoid. 
Ethmo-sphenoidal, eth-mo-sfen-oid'al. Relating to 
the connection of ethmoid and sphenoid bones. 
Ethmo-turbinals, eth-mo-tur'bin-alz (et/wnos, sieve, 
turbo, top). Lateral masses of ethmoid bone. 
Ethmo-vomarine, eth-mo-vo'mar-een. Relating to 
ethmoid bone and vomer. 
Ethmyphe, eth'mif-e (ethmos, sieve, huphe, tissue). 
Cellular tissue. 
Ethmyphitis, eth-mif-e'tis. Inflammation of the 
cellular membrane. When it extends in depth 
through the whole thickness of the subcutaneous cel- 
lular tissue, it is called Dermatocellulitis. 
Ethmyphotylosis, eth-me-fo-til-o'sis (ethmyphe, tu- 
losis, hardness). Induration of the cellular tissue. 
Ethmyphyperplilogosis, eth - mif - e - per - flo- go'sis 
(ethmos, sieve, huphe, web, hyper, phlogosis, inflamma- 
tion). Violent inflammation of connective tissue. 
Ethnic, eth'nik (ethnos, nation or race). Relating 
to race. 
Ethnography, eth-nog'raf-e (ethnos, nation, graphe, 
description). History of the races and families of 
man. 
Ethnological. Relating to ethnology. 
Ethnol'ogy (ethnos, nation, logos, discourse). Sci- 
ence of the races and families of man. 
Eth'os. Habit. 
Ethoxy caffeine. Substance prepared by boiling 
bromcaffeine with potassium hydrate and alcohol; 
narcotic and diuretic. 
Ethydene chloride, eth'e-deen klo'ride. Ethyli- 
dene chloride. 
Eth'yl. C2H5. Hypothetical radical of ethyl alco- 
hol. E. ac'etate, acetic ether. E. al'cohol, hydrate 
of ethyl; alcohol. E. bichlo'ride, olefiant gas. E. 
bro'mide, ether, hydrobromic. E. carb'amate or 
carbam'inate, urethane. E. chlo'ride, aether muri- 
aticus. E. cy'anide, aether hydrocyanicus. E. e'ther, 
spiritus vini aethereus. E. hy'dride, gas prepared by 
exposing, at a temperature of 300°, the iodide of ethyl 
to zinc in the presence of water in a closed tube; 
narcotic. E. i'odide, aether hydriodicus. E. kai'rine, 
kairine. E., ni'trate of, liquid formed by distilling 
alcohol and pure nitric acid; not much employed as 
anaesthetic, severe headache following its administra- 
tion. E., ni'trite of, ether, nitrous. E. ure'thane, 
urethane. 
Ethylamine, eth-il'am-een. C2H5NH2. An ammo- 
niacal constituent of coal-tar. Ptomaine formed from 
putrefying yeast, wheat flour, etc.; a strong ammoni- 
acal liquid. See Ptomaines (table). 
Eth'ylene. C2H4. Olefiant gas. E. bichlo'ride, 
dutch liquid, ethene chloride. Oily liquid used as 
anaesthetic. E. bro'mide, C2H4BT2, brown fluid, with 
odor of chloroform; narcotic, used in epilepsy; violent 
401 
EUCHEUMA 
cardiac sedative. E. lactic acid, acid isomeric with 
lactic acid, derived from muscle. 
Ethylen'imine. Piperazine. 
Ethyl'ic al'cohol. Alcohol. 
Ethylidene chloride, eth-il-id'een chlo'ride. C2H4 
Ch. Chlorinated, hydrochloric, or muriatic ether. 
Colorless fluid employed as anaesthetic. 
Ethylidenediamine, eth - il - id - een - di' am - een. 
C2H8N2. Ptomaine produced in decomposition of fish. 
Experiments on frogs produced dilatation of the pu- 
pils, projection of the eyeball, dyspnoea, and death. 
Ethylization, eth-il-iz-a'shun. Anesthetization 
with ethyl bromide. 
Ethylize, eth'il-ize. To use ethyl bromide as an an- 
esthetic. 
Etiolation, e-te-o-la'shun (blanching). Paleness pro- 
duced in persons who have been kept long without 
light, or similar paleness the result of chronic dis- 
ease. 
Etiology, e-ti-ol'o-je. Doctrine of causes, as of dis- 
ease. 
Etiquette', med'ical. The duties and rights of 
medical men toward themselves, their patients, and 
the public. 
Eti'ta. Cutaneous affection in Africa, with rapidly 
formed blotches over the body, the parts looking as 
if they had been badly scalded, with intolerable 
itching. 
Etnaghber'ries. See Juniperus communis. 
E'tor. The heart. 
Et'ron. Abdomen, hypogastrium. 
Etroncus, et-ron'kus (etron, onlcos. tumor). Tumor 
of the lower belly. 
Eu. Good, proper, when prefixed to words. 
Eusemia, u-e'me-ah (eu, haima, blood). Good con- 
dition of the blood. 
Eusesthesia, u-ees-tha'se-ah (eu, aisthesis, percep- 
tion). Vigorous perception. Good condition of the 
perceptive faculties. 
Euaasthetus, u-ees-tha'tus. One whose senses are in 
full vigor. 
Euanalepsis, u-an-ah-lep'sis (eu, analepsis, recovery). 
Rapid restoration to health or strength. 
Euanthemon, u-an'them-on. Anthemis nobilis. 
Euanthes, u-an'thees. Blooming; applied to blood, 
as red blood. 
Eucalyptol, u-kal-ip'tol. C12H20O. Essential oil of 
Eucalyptus globulus, with odor of camphor. Exter- 
nally, antiseptic to ulcers, gangrene, etc.; local stimu- 
lant application in neuralgia and rheumatism. In- 
ternally, used in treatment of respiratory diseases, or 
phthisis pulmonalis, pneumonia, bronchitis, influenza, 
malaria, etc. 
Eucalyptus (u-kal-ip'tus) (eu, kaluptos, covered) 
amygdali'na. Peppermint tree. E. corymbo'sa, tree 
of Australia yielding Australian kino. E. dumo'sa, 
species of eucalyptus on whose leaves is obtained a 
kind of manna. E. glob'ulus or globo'sus, Blue gum 
tree, fever tree, growing in Australia. Supposed to ex- 
ert a beneficial effect in malarial regions. Australian 
tree, ord. Myrtacee, infusion of whose leaves has been 
given with success as antiperiodic; also prescribed in 
the form of powdered leaves, decoction, aqueous and 
alcoholic extracts, etc., and in its essential oil, euca- 
lyptol. Eucalyptus (Ph. U. S.) is the leaves of E. 
globulus. Some of the preparations have been used 
for disinfecting surgical dressings. E. gum, red as- 
tringent gum exuding from some species of Eucal- 
yptus. E. kino, Australian kino. E. man'na, Aus- 
tralian manna. E. mannif'era, from this Austra- 
lian species, ord. Myrtacese, a manna-like substance 
exudes, having similar properties to manna. E. res- 
inif'era, see Kino. D. rostra'ta, said to be of value 
in sea-sickness; E. vimina'lis, a source of Australian 
manna. 
Eucardios, u-kar'de-os. Agreeable to the stomach. 
Eucharistos, u-kar-is'tos. Antidote. 
Eucheuma (u-ku'mah) gelat'inse. Form of E. 
Indian algse, used to make isinglass. E. specio'sa, 
July plant. Plant of W. Australia, making excellent 
stock for jelly for invalids. EUCHLORINE 
Euchlorine, u-klo'reen. Gas obtained by subjecting 
potassium chlorate to the action of hydrochloric acid; 
good disinfectant. 
Euchresta (u-kres'tah) Horsfeldii. Native of India; 
seeds are employed by the natives in bites of venom- 
ous animals. 
Euchroea, u-kre'ah (ew, chroia, color). Good or 
healthy color of the skin. 
Euchromatopsia, u-kro-mah-top'se-ah (ew, well, 
chroma, color, opsis, sight). Ability to recognize colors 
distinctly. 
Euchylia, u-kil'e-ah (ew, well, chulos, chyle). Healthy 
state of the chyle. 
Euchylos or Euchylus, u-ke'lus. Possessing healthy 
juices. 
Euchymia, u-kim'e-ah (ew, chumos, juice). Good 
state of the humors. 
Euchy'mus. Euchylos. 
Eucinesia, u-sin-a'ze-ah (ew, kinesis, motion). 
Healthy or normal movement. 
Eucrasia, u-kraz'e-ah (ew, krasis, temperament). 
Good temperament. 
Eucrines, u'krin-ees. Easy to diagnose. 
Eucyesia (u-se-a'ze-ah) or Eucyesis, u-se-a'sis (ew, 
good, kuesis, pregnancy). Normal pregnancy. 
Eudiapneustia, u-de-ap-nuse'te-ah (ew, dia, pnoe, 
breath). Easy transpiration. 
Eudiometer, u-de-om'et-ur (ewdia, fair weather, 
metron, measure). Apparatus for estimating the 
amount of oxygen contained in the air. Also an in- 
strument used to explode gases with the aid of an 
electric spark. 
Eudipleural, u-de-plu'ral (ew, dis, twice, pleura, side). 
Possessing well-marked symmetry of both sides. 
Euectica, u-ek'tik-ah (ew, echo, to hold; conducive 
to health). Gymnastics. 
Euelces, u-el'sees (ew, helkos, ulcer). One in whom 
wounds and ulcers are readily healed. 
Euembolos, u-em'bol-os (ew, emballo, to insert). A 
surgeon experienced in bone-setting. 
Euemes, u'em-ees (ew, emeo, to vomit). That which 
readily excites vomiting; one who vomits with 
facility. 
Euethes, u'eth-ees (ew, ethos, habit). Benign. 
Euexia, u-eks'e-ah (ew, hexis, constitution). Good 
constitution. 
Eugenia acris, u-jen'e-ah ak'ris. Myrcia acris; 
see Spiritus myrcise. E. aromat'ica, E. caryophyllata. 
E. caryophylla'ta (after Prince Eugene of Savoy), 
Indian tree, ord. Myrtacese, source of the Clove, 
Caryophyllus, C. aromaticus, Caryophyllum, unexpanded 
bud. Its odor is strong, aromatic, and peculiar; 
taste pungent and acrid; it is stimulant and carmin- 
ative ; generally used as a corrigent to other reme- 
dies and in cases where substances containing the 
essential oils are demanded. Caryophyllus (Ph. U. 
S.) is the unexpanded flowers of Eugenia caryophyl- 
lata ; in the Ph. Br., the dried flower-bud of the same 
plant. The oil-Oleum caryophylli, Oil of cloves-has 
the properties of the cloves. E. cauliflo'ra, Myrtus 
cauliflora. E. che'ken, cheken, Myrtus chekan, plant 
of Chili; used in mucous affections, especially bron- 
chitis. E. jambola'na, Syzygium jambolanum. E. 
pimen'ta, Myrtus pimenta. 
Euge'nic acid or Eu'genol. C10H12O2. Chief con- 
stituent of oil of cloves, cinnamon, etc.; oily liquid; 
antiseptic; febrifuge. 
Eugion (u-je'on) or Eugium, u-je'um (ew, ge, earth, 
eugeios, fertile). Hymen, uterus, vulva. 
Eukinesia, u-kin-a'ze-ah (ew, kinesis, motion). 
Healthy exercise or power of movement. 
Eulachon (u'lak-on) oil. Oolachon oil. Oil from 
the eulachen or caudle-fish, Thaleichthys Pacificus, of 
British Columbia, used as substitute for cod-liver oil. 
Eule, u'le (a worm). Worms, especially those bred 
in a wound or ulcer. 
Eulophia (u-lof'e-ah) campes'tris. Ord. Orchid- 
acese, growing in E. Indies, source of salep. E. 
herba'cea grows in same region ; also source of salep. 
Eunuch, u'nuhk (ewwe, bed, echo, to keep). One 
whose organs of generation have been removed, or so 
402 
EUPHORBIA 
altered that he is rendered incapable of reproducing 
his species or of exercising the act of venery. 
Eunuchs were common with the ancient Romans; 
Castratus meant one from whom the external organs 
had been removed; Spado meant deprived of the 
testicles only; while the Thlibias and Thlasias pre- 
served the organs, but the testicles were crushed so as 
to render them unfit for procreation. 
Eunuchism, u'nuk-izm. Castration. 
Eunuchium meconis, u-nu'ke-um me-ko'nis. Lac- 
tuca. 
Eunuchus, u-nu'kus. Castratus, eunuch. 
Euodes, u-o'dees (ew, ozo, to smell). Sweet-scented; 
medicines prepared for this quality. 
Euonymin, u-on'im-in. Bitter, resinous principle 
derived from euonymus; brown powder; cholagogue 
cathartic. Dose, 1 to 3 grains. 
Euonymite, u-on'im-ite. Sweet substance like 
mannite, derived from euonymus. 
Euonymus, u-on'im-us (eu, onuma, name). Quassia 
simarouba. E. America'nus, Strawberry bush, Straw- 
berry tree, Burning bush, Indian arrowwood. Shrub of 
ord. Celastracem, found throughout the United States 
and Canada. E. atropurpu'reus, Burning bush, Spindle 
tree, Indian arrowwood, growing in United States and 
Canada. The bark is officinal in U. S. Ph.; stimu- 
lant to liver; hydragogue cathartic, diuretic, anti- 
periodic ; used in dropsy, in infusion, in the propor- 
tion of an ounce to a pint of water. E. Europ se'us, 
spindle tree; emeto-cathartic. E. tin'gens, inner bark 
of this shrub of India is used in affections of the eye. 
Eupathia, u-path-e'ah (eu, pathos, affection). Dis- 
position for being easily affected by pain ; good state 
of health. 
Eupatorium, u-pat-o're-um (after Mithridates Eu- 
pator). Eupatorium perfoliatum. E. ageratoi'des, 
White snake-root, ord. Composite; indigenous; anti- 
spasmodic, diaphoretic, diuretic. E. aromat'icum, 
Aromatic eupatorium or Hempweed, white snake-root; 
indigenous; has similar properties. E. aya-pa'na 
grows in Brazil; aromatic tonic. E. cannab'inum, 
E. of Avicenna, Hemp agrimony, Water hemp, Herb of 
Saint Cunegonde, ord. Composite; juice is emetic, pur- 
gative, and diuretic. E. Colli'num grows in Mexico; 
decoction of leaves is used in diarrhoea and as a tonic 
and antiperiodic. E. con'natum, E. perfoliatum. E. 
fcenicula'ceum, Dog fennel; indigenous. E. gua'co, 
guaco. E. hyssopifo'lium, employed in cases of 
snake-bite. E. incarna'tum, Mata; indigenous in 
Southern States. E. Japon'icum, E. cannabinum. 
E. leucolep'sis, Justice's weed ; used in cases of snake- 
bite. E. mes'ues, Achillea ageratum. E. nervo'sum, 
of Jamaica, cholagogue. E. perfolia'tum, Boneset, 
Thoroughwort, Thoroughstem, Thoroughwax, Vegetable 
antimony, Crosswort, Ague-weed, Feverwort, Indian sage, 
Joe-pye, Teazel, Sweating plant; a plant growing in the 
United States; tops and leaves, gathered after flow- 
ering has commenced-Eupatorium (Ph. U. S.)-are 
stimulating, tonic, emetic, purgative, diuretic, and 
sudorific. E. pubes'cens, E. teucrifolium. E., pur'- 
ple-stalked, E. purpureum. E. purpu'reum, Mohawk 
tassel, Purple-stalked eupatorium. Trumpetweed, Joe-pye- 
weed, Gravel-root, is used in similar cases, as well as 
E. rotundifo'lium, Round-leaved hempweed, Wild hore- 
hound, E. sessilifo'lium, Upland boneset, and E. teu- 
crifo'lium, TFiZd horehound, Germander-leaved hore- 
hound, Rough boneset. E. trifolia'tum, E. cannabinum. 
E., triple ner've, aya-pana. E. urticifo'lium, E. ager- 
atoides. E. verbenaefo'lium, E. teucrifolium. 
Eupepsia, u-pep'se-ah (cm, pepto, to digest). Good 
digestion ; antithesis to dyspepsia. 
Eupeptic, u-pep'tik. Relating to a good digestion ; 
one endowed with a good digestion. 
Eupeptus, u-pep'tus. Eupeptic. 
Euperistal'sis. Normal peristaltic action of the 
intestines. 
Euphlogia, u-floj'e-ah (ew, phlego, to burn). Mild 
inflammation. 
Euphony, u'fon-e (eu, phone, voice). Agreeable or 
regular voice. 
Euphorbia antiquorum, u-for'be-ah ap-te-kwo'rum, EUPHORBIUM 
Grows in India; said to possess the same properties as 
Euphorbia tirucalli. E. Canarien'sis grows in Canary 
Islands and Western Africa, yielding gum-resin eu- 
phorbium. E. capita'ta, Caacica, ord. Euphorbiacese 
(after Euphorbus, physician to Juba). Brazilian 
plant, strongly astringent, and not poisonous; consid- 
ered to be one of the best remedies for the bites of 
serpents. E. ca'put Medu'sse, South African plant, 
used to poison arrows; Ethiopians use, for the same 
purpose, Euphorbia heptagona, E. virosa, and E. 
cereiformis; the savages in the most southern 
part of America, the sap of E. cotinifolia. E. 
cereiform/is, see Euphorbia caput Medusae. E. 
Chilenzsis, juice of this South American plant is a 
drastic purgative. E. corolla'ta, Large flowering 
spurge, Milkweed, Snake's milk, Ipecacuanha, Hippo, 
Picac, Ipecac, Milk purslain, Purge-root, Emetic-root, 
Bowman's root, Apple root, Indian physic ; indigenous ; 
emeto-cathartic. E. cotinifo'lia, see Euphorbia caput 
Medusae. E. cyparis'sias or cypres'sina, Cypress 
spurge, Welcome to our house. Like most of the 
spurges, it is very acrimonious. It was formerly 
called Poor man's rhubarb, being a laxative. E. Drum- 
mon'dii, of Australia; alkaloid drumine resembles 
cocaine. E. helioscop'ia, Sun-spurge, Wartwort spurge ; 
indigenous. Juice has been given in syphilis; is ca- 
thartic. E. heptago'na, see Euphorbia caput Medusae. 
E. heterodox'a, of Brazil; milky juice, Alveloz, Ar- 
veloz, or Aveloz, has been used externally in cancer. 
E. hypericifo'lia, Large-spotted spurge, Eyebright. 
Native of the United States; astringent and 
tonic; used in infusion. E. ipecacuan'ha, Ipecacu- 
anha spurge, Wild ipecac. Common in the southern 
and middle parts of the United States. Boot is 
a powerful emetic in the dose of five to fifteen 
grains; twenty grains act as a cathartic. In large 
doses is narcotico-acrid. E. lath'yris, systematic 
name of the plant which affords the Lesser cataputia 
seeds, Caper spurge, Lathyris, Garden spurge, Caper 
plant, Moleplant. Seeds possess cathartic properties; 
and expressed oil of the seeds, Oleum euphorbias lathy- 
ridis, Oil of euphorbia, is cathartic in the dose of six 
to twelve drops. E. macula'ta, Spotted spurge. In- 
digenous in United States and Mexico. Juice is used 
in corneal opacity; a decoction in skin diseases. E. 
myrtifo'lia, Pedilanthus tithymaloides. E. obtura'- 
ta, E. helioscopia. E. officina'runi, systematic name 
of the plant affording euphorbium in greatest abun- 
dance; inodorous gum-resin which enters into the 
composition of some plasters, and has been used 
as an errhine. E. palus'tris, Greater spurge, Marsh 
spurge, Wretweed. Juice is given in Russia as a com- 
mon purge, and as an irritant in tinea, warts, etc.; 
locally, as a preventive of hydrophobia after bite of 
rabid dogs, bitten part being washed with a decoction, 
which is also taken internally. E. panicula'ta, E. 
palustris. E. paral'ias, Sea spurge. Violently ca- 
thartic and irritating, and seldom used. E. pep'lus, 
Petty spurge; indigenous; powdered root is actively 
cathartic; given in dropsy. E. pilo'sa, properties 
and uses same as E. palustris. E. pilulif'era, herb 
growing in India and other tropical countries; used 
in bronchitis and asthma; first accelerates and then 
retards action of the heart. E. prostra'ta, used in Mex- 
ico as an antidote to the poison of serpents; in large 
doses emeto-cathartic. E. resinif'era, indigenous in 
Morocco, a source of gum-resin euphorbium. E. ti- 
rucalli, of India, Milk hedge; juice, applied locally, is 
said to induce powerful uterine contractions. E. ti- 
thymaloi'des, Pedilanthus tithymaloides. E. tort'- 
ilis, of India, is said to possess the same properties as 
E. tirucalli. E. villo'sa, properties and uses same as 
E. palustris. E. viro'sa, see Euphorbia caput Medusae. 
All the spurges are vesicant and rubefacient when 
applied externally. 
Euphorbium, u-for'be-um. Euphorbia officinarum. 
Euphorbon, u-for'bon. C13H22O. Neutral principle 
iu root of Euphorbia ipecacuanha. 
Euphoria, u-phor'e-ah (eu, phero, to carry). Good 
state of health. Sense of ease or of good health. 
Euphorin, u'for-in. Phenylurethane. 
403 
EUSPLANCHNIA 
Euphragia, u-frah'je-ah. Euphrasia officinalis. 
Euphrasia, u-frah'se-ah (cheerfulness). Eyebright. 
Genus Scrophularineae; used in diseases of the eye, 
catarrh, toothache, etc. E. officina'lis, euphrasia. 
Eupion, u'pe-on. Oily liquid obtained by dry dis- 
tillation of wood, resin, etc. 
Euplasia, u-plah'ze-ah (eu, plasso, to form). Healthy 
healing, resulting in a living structure conforming to 
the nature and habits of the tissue of the part. 
Euplastic, u-plas'tik (ew, plasso, to form). Having 
the capacity of becoming organizable in a high degree. 
Eupleurum serrulatum, u-plu'rum ser-ru-lat'um. 
Diosma crenata. 
Eupnoea, u-ne'ah (eu, pneo, to respire). Freedom 
or facility of respiration ; normal respiration. 
Eupnoic, u-no'ik (eu, pneo, to respire). Breathing 
naturally or gently. 
Eupurpurln, u-pur'pur-in. Diuretic oleo-resin from 
Eupatorium purpureum. 
Eurhythmia (u-rhith'me-ah) or Eurrhith'mia (eu, 
rhuthmos, rhythm). Regularity of the pulse. 
Eurhythniic, u-rhith'mik. Regular in rhythm or 
beat, as the pulse. 
Euriba'li. Juribali. 
Eurodes, u-ro'dees (euros, corrupt). Carious. 
Eurodontic, u-ro-don'tik (euros, putrefaction, odous, 
tooth). Suffering from carious teeth. 
Euromesocephalus, u-ro-mes-o-sef'al-us (eurus, 
broad, mesos, the middle, kephale, head). Having a 
head with a long bitemporal diameter. 
Europhen, u-ro'fen. Yellow amorphous powder, 
allied to aristol, produced by the action of iodine on 
isobutylorthocresol in the presence of an alkali; used 
as substitute for iodoform in syphilitic and other ul- 
cers, lupus, burns, etc., in powder, ointment, or subcu- 
taneously in solution. It is also used internally in 
syphilis. 
Europrocephalus, u-ro-pro-sef'al-us (eurus, broad, 
pro, in front, kephale, head). Possessing a skull which 
is broad in the frontal region. 
Eurrhythmia, ur-rhith'me-ah. Regularity of the 
pulse. 
Eu'rus (euros, mould, putrefaction). Corruption of 
the humors. 
Euryale (u-re'al-e) fe'rox. Species of euryale of 
India, where it is used as a tonic and for food. 
Euryangium (u-re-an'je-um) sum'bul. Ferula 
sumbul. 
Eurycephalous, (eurus, broad, kephale, head). Hav- 
ing a broad head. 
Eurychasmus, u-re-kaz'mus (eurus, broad, chasma, 
cavity). Epithet applied to skulls having sector for 
pharyngo-nasal cavity of 153° to 154°. 
Eurychoria, u-re-ko're-ah (eurus, extensive, choros, 
space). Sinus. 
Eurycles, u're-klees (Eurukles, celebrated sooth- 
sayer and ventriloquist). Engastrimyth. 
Euryclitus, u-re-kle'tus. Engastrimyth. 
Eurygnathismus, u-rig-nath-iz'mus. The condition 
of being eurygnathous or broad-jawed. 
Eurygnathous, u-rig-na'thus (eurus, broad, gnathos, 
jaw). Having a broad jaw. 
Eurynter, u-rin'tur (euruno, to dilate). Dilator. 
Euryproctus, u-re-prok'tus (eurus, broad, proktos, 
anus or rump). Having broad buttocks or a wide 
anus. 
Eurysmaticus, u-riz-mat'ik-us. Relating to dilata- 
tion. 
Eurysmus, u-riz'mus (euruno, to dilate). Dilata- 
tion. 
Eusarcus, u-sar'kus (eu, sarx, flesh). One who is 
fleshy, robust, muscular. 
Eusemia, u-sem-e'ah (eu, semeion, sign). Good signs 
or symptoms. 
Eusitia, u-sish'e-ah (eu, sitos, food). Good appetite. 
Eusom'phalus (eu, omphalos, navel). Double mon- 
ster in which each being has a separate navel, and is 
able to execute, independently, almost all the vital 
functions. 
Eusplanchnia, u-splank'ne-ah (eu, splanchnon, vis- 
cus). Healthy state of the viscera. EUSPLANCHNOS 
Eusplanchnos, u-splank'nos. Possessing healthy 
viscera. 
Euspongia equina, u-spon'je-ah ek-we'nah (ew, spon- 
gos, sponge). Genus Spongiadae. Bald sponge is ob- 
tained from it. E. offlcina'lis furnishes the Levant 
sponge; this variety is regarded as the best. 
Eustachian (u-sta'ke-an) canal' (called after Eusta- 
chius). Canal for Eustachian tube in temporal bone. 
E. cath'eter, catheter to be applied through the nose 
into the Eustachian tube. E. tube, canal partly bony 
and partly cartilaginous, extending from the cavity of 
the tympanum to the upper part of the pharynx. Its 
length is about two inches; the bony portion, which be- 
longs to the temporal bone, is about three-fourths of 
an inch long. It is lined internally by a prolongation 
of the lining membrane of the pharynx. It permits 
the renewal of air into the cavity of the tympanum. 
E. valve, valve of Eustachius; membranous semi- 
lunar fold, corresponding to the opening of the vena 
cava inferior into the right auricle of the heart. 
Eusthenia, eus-then-e'ah (ew, sthenos, strength). 
Flourishing, exuberant health. 
Eustochia, u-stok'e-ah (ew, stochos, mark). Happy 
conjecture, in contradistinction to accurate inductive 
diagnosis. 
Eusto'cia (ew, tokos, childbirth). Natural delivery. 
Eustomachus, u-stom'ak-us (ew, stomachos, stomach). 
Digesting rapidly; having a good stomach. 
Eustrongylus gigas, u-stron'gil-us je'gas. Stron- 
gylus gigas. E. longevagina'tus, see Parasites and 
Worms. 
Eusystolic, u-sis-tol'ik (ew, sustole, contraction). 
Eelating to healthy contraction of the heart. 
Eutaxia, u-taks'e-ah (ew, tasso, to arrange). Well- 
ordered constitution, every part having its proper 
relation; ready reduction of a rupture or luxated 
bone. 
Euthanasia, u-than-ah'ze-ah (ew, thanatos, death). 
Easy death. 
Eutheria, u-ther'e-ah (ew, ther, animal). Placental 
mammals (Huxley). 
Euthesia, u-tha'ze-ah (ew, thesis, position). Well- 
ordered constitution. 
Euthycoryphus, u-the-kor'e-fus {euthus, straight, 
koruphe, vertex). Epithet applied to skulls which 
have the parietal angle of Lissauer (angle between 
lines projected in middle line of skull, between the 
most prominent part of parietal bone, to bregma and 
lambda) from 142° to 151°. 
Euthyenteron, u-the-en'ter-on {euthus, straight, en- 
teron, intestine). Eectum. 
Euthyenterostenoma, u-the-en-ter-o-sten-o'mah {eu- 
thyenteron, rectum, stenos, narrow). Stricture of the 
rectum. 
Euthymetopus, u-the-met'o-pus {euthus, straight, 
metopon, forehead). Term used to designate skulls 
having angle formed by lines drawn from metopion 
to bregma and to nasion from 151.5° to 141°. 
Euthymia, u-thim'e-ah (eu, thumos, mind). Tran- 
quillity of mind; good state of the mental faculties. 
Euthyopisthocranius, u-the-op-is-tho-kran'e-us 
{euthus, straight, opisthe, backward, cranium). Term 
to designate skulls in which angle between lines 
drawn in middle plane, from most prominent point 
of squama occipitis to lambda and inion, is from 
154° to 172°. 
Euthypnoe (u-thip'no-e) or Euthypnoea, u-thip'ne- 
ah {euthus, straight, pnoe, breath). Orthopnoea. 
Euthypnous, u-thip'nus. Breathing without dif- 
ficulty. 
Euthyuranus, u-the-u'ran-us {euthus, straight, ou- 
ranos, roof). Term to designate skulls in which an- 
gulus summi palati is from 180° to 163.5°. 
Eutocia, u-tos'e-ah (ew, tokos, delivery). Easy or 
normal labor; fecundity. 
Eutocous, u'tok-us (same etymon). Having easy 
or normal labor. 
Eutolmia, u-tol'me-ah (ew, well, tolma, confidence). 
Favorable condition of mind in disease. 
Eutrophia, u-trof'e-ah (ew, trophe, nourishment). 
Good state of nutrition. 
404 
L EVOLUTION 
Eutrophic, u-trof'ik. Term introduced into medi- 
cal terminology by the author for an agent whose 
action is exerted on the system of nutrition, with- 
out necessarily occasioning manifest increase of the 
secretions; as mercurials, preparations of iodine, 
bromine, cod-liver oil, preparations of gold and silver, 
sulphur, sugar, sarsaparilla, etc. 
Eutropion, u-tro'pe-on. Inversion. E. partia'le, 
inversion of the eyelid, in which the margin of the 
lid and the cilia are in contact with the ball of the 
eye. 
Euzoddynamia, u-zo-o-din-am'e-ah (eu, soon, ani- 
mal, dunamis, power). Good health; healthy exer- 
cise of the mental and physical powers. 
Evacuants, e-vak'u-ants (e, vacuo, to empty). Med- 
icines which occasion a discharge by some emunctory, 
such as purgatives, emetics, etc. 
Evacuatio, e-vak-u-ah'she-o. Evacuation; excre- 
tion. 
Evacuation, e-vak-u-a'shun. Discharge by natural 
passages or artificial opening; dejection. 
Ev'anroot. Geum Virginianum. 
Evaporate, e-vap'o-rate. To transform a liquor into 
vapor by means of heat. 
Evaporation, e-vap-o-ra'shun (e, vaporo, to emit). 
Transformation of a liquid into vapor to obtain the 
fixed matters contained in it dry and separate from 
the liquid. When the vapor is received into a proper 
vessel and condensed, the process is called distilla- 
tion. Evaporation produces cold, and this is one of 
the processes by which the body is cooled, through 
the evaporation of the perspiratory fluid. 
Eve'ning prim'rose. ffinothera biennis. 
Eventration, e-ven-tra'shun (e, venter, belly). 
Tumor formed by a general relaxation of the parietes 
of the abdomen, and containing a great part of the 
abdominal viscera. Ventral hernia, or that which 
occurs in any other way than through the natural 
openings of the abdominal parietes. Extensive wound 
of the abdominal parietes, with issue of the greater 
part of the intestines. Pendulous abdomen. 
Eventus, e-ven'tus (e, venio, to come). Event or 
issue of a disease. 
Everlasting, dioecious, ev-ur-last'ing, di-e'se-us. 
Antennaria dioica. 
Everriculum, ev-ur-rik'ul-um (e, verro, to clean 
out). Sound or scoop used for extracting sand or 
fragments of stone or clots of blood from the bladder, 
after or during lithotomy. 
Eversio, e-vur'se-o (e, verto, to turn). Eversion or 
turning outward. E. pal'pebrse, ectropion. 
E'vil, the. Scrofula. E., Alep'po, see Aleppo. E., 
king's, scrofula. E. leg, purpura. E., so'cial, prosti- 
tution. 
Eviratio, ev-ir-ah'she-o (e, vir, man). Castration; 
loss of sexual power in man. Perversion of sexual 
instinct, in which the feelings and inclinations of the 
male resemble those of the female. 
Eviratus, e-vir-a'tus. Castrated ; eunuch. 
Evisceration, e-vis-ur-a'shun (e, vise us). Eemoval 
of viscera, particularly of the abdomen ; see Exenteris- 
mus. E. oculi, removal by operation of the eyeball 
and its contents; see Exenteratio bulbi. 
Evodia (e-vo'de-ah) febrif'uga. Esenbeckia feb- 
rifuga. E. fraxinofo'lia, tree of E. Indies; volatile 
oil of seeds neutralizes odor of iodoform. E. glau'ca, 
bark is employed by Japanese physicians. E. rutae- 
car'pa, shrub of Japan, Go-sin-ju, parts of which are 
used as purgative, emmenagogue, and sudorific. 
Ev'odine. Esenbeckine. Alkaloid from bark of 
Esenbeckia febrifuga. 
Evolutio, ev-o-lu'she-o (e, volvo, to roll). Develop- 
ment. E. sponta'nea, evolution, spontaneous. 
Evolution, ev-o-lu'shun. Development, as of an 
organ or of the parts composing it; of the uterus 
during pregnancy; see Darwinism. E. of germs, see 
Generation. E., spontaneous, Spontaneous version, 
Spontaneous expulsion, Duplication of the foetus. Spon- 
taneous turning of the foetus in utero, in arm presen- 
tation, in consequence of powerful uterine contrac- 
tions forcing out the breech and feet, while the arm EVOLVULUS 
recedes. Now employed to denote the doubling of 
the foetus, so that the arm changes its position but 
little, while the breech is forcibly expelled before 
the upper extremity; the case thus becoming similar 
to a breech presentation. E., ves'icle of, vesicle of 
development. 
Evolvulus (e-vol'vu-lus) alsinoi'des. Native of 
India ; used as febrifuge and in disorders of the in- 
testines. 
Evomitio, e-vom-ish'e-o. Vomiting. 
Evonymus. Euonymus. 
Evulsion, e-vul'shun (evello, to pluck out). Avul- 
sion. Action of plucking out; forcible extraction; act 
of extracting certain parts, the presence of which is 
injurious, as the teeth, polypi, etc. 
Ex. As a prefix, out of. See Ec. 
Ex maribus, mar'ib-us (ex, mas, male). Castrated. 
Exacerbatio, eks-as-ur-bash'e-o (ex, acerbo, to em- 
bitter). Exacerbation, paroxysm. 
Exacerbation, eks-as-ur-ba'shun. Increase in the 
symptoms of a disorder. Paroxysm. 
Exacum spicatum eks'ak-um spik-at'um (ex, ago, 
to drive, from supposed virtue as expeller of poison). 
Coutoubea alba. 
Exsematosis, eks-e-mah-to'sis (ex, haima, blood). 
Etematosis. 
Exsemia, eks-e'me-ah (ex, haima, blood). Anaemia. 
Exaemous, eks-e'mus. Exauguious. 
Exaeresis, eks-er'es-is (ex, aireo, to take away). Op- 
eration of drawing, extracting, or removing from the 
human body anything useless, noxious, or extraneous; 
generic term, including extraction, evulsion, evacua- 
tion, excision, ablation, amputation, etc.; also act of 
extraction. 
Exaggerated, eks-aj'ur-a-ted (ex, aggero, to heap 
up, to magnify). Heightened; increased by expres- 
sion; epithet for sounds heard on auscultation and 
percussion when much increased. 
Exagion, eks-ag'e-on. Sixth part of an ounce; 
four scruples. 
Exagoge, eks-ag-o'ge. Death. 
Exalbuminous, eks - al - bu' min - us. Free from 
albumin. 
Exalgine, eks-al'jen (ex, priv., algos, pain). Ob- 
tained by treating sodium acetanilide with methyl 
iodide. Its physiological action resembles that of 
antipyrine. When given in large doses it is followed 
by cyanosis and convulsions. Used in neuralgia as 
an analgesic, and in chorea. 
Exallage (eks-al'lah-je) or Exallaxis, eks-al-laks'is. 
Alteration, as of tissues. 
Exalma (eks-al'mah) or Exalsis, eks-al'sis (ex, 
allomai, to leap). Displacement of the vertebrae. 
Exaltation, eks-al-ta'shun (ex, alto, to raise). In- 
creased action. E. of vi'tal forces, morbid increase 
in action of any organ or in an inflamed organ. 
Exambloma (eks-am-blo'mah) or Examblosis, eks- 
am-blo'sis (ex, ambloo, to abort). Abortion. 
Examination, eks-am-i-na'shun. The act of mak- 
ing a careful search of an organ by investigation or 
by inquiry. E., biman'ual or combined, examiua- 
nation of an organ with both hands, in which each 
hand pursues a different course. E., dig'ital, exami- 
nation by a finger or fingers. E., post-mor'tem, 
post-mortem examination for the purpose of establish- 
ing the cause of death. 
Exanastomosis, eks-an-as-to-mo'sis. Anastomosis. 
Exanastrophe, eks-an-as'tro-fe (ex, ana, strepho, to 
turn). Convalescence. 
Exangia (eks-an-je'ah) or Exangei'a (ex, angeion, 
vessel). Enlargement or rupture of a blood-vessel, 
without external opening; aneurism; varix. E. 
aneuris'ma, aneurism. 
Exanguious (eks-an'gwe-us) or Exsan'guine (ex, san- 
guis, blood). Bloodless, as after uterine hemorrhage; 
antemic. 
Exania, eks-au'e-ah (ex, anus). Prolapse of the 
rectum. 
Exanimation, eks-an-im-a'shun (ex, anima, life). 
Death; apparent death ; fainting. 
Exanthem, eks-an'them (ex, antheo, to bloom). A 
405 
EXASPERATIO 
rash; every kind of eruption of which the skin is 
the seat. Usually restricted to eruptions accompanied 
by fever, including under major exanthemata those 
which usually attack a person but once in his life, 
and are communicated by specific contagion; and 
under minor exanthemata those not marked by these 
characteristics. Small-pox, measles, cow-pox, etc. 
belong to the major exanthemata; chicken-pox, 
herpes, lichen, etc. to the minor. The general ac- 
ceptation of exanthem is, however, a more or less 
vivid, circumscribed, or diffuse redness of the skin, 
which diminishes, or disappears, transiently under 
the pressure of the finger. E., anom'alous, German 
measles. E., carbun'cular, see Anthracia. E., ich'- 
orous, see Emphlysis. E., pus'tulous, see Empyesis. 
E., rash, see Enanthesis. E., syphilit'ic, see Syphilis. 
Exanthema, eks-an-tha'mah. Eminence, exanthem. 
E. antivariolo'sum, cowpox. E. haemorrhag'icum, 
affection similar to purpura, with febrile symptoms, 
bleeding from the bowels and urinary organs and the 
mucous system generally, and a peculiar exanthemat- 
ous eruption on the skin. E. inter'num, eruption on 
a mucous membrane. E. io'dicum, eruption of dark- 
red definite spots, spreading over the body without 
the formation of scales, disappearing after a long 
time, and seeming to be produced occasionally by 
the use of iodine. E. milia'ria, miliary fever. E. 
pes'tis, plague. E. sero'sum, pemphigus. E. stroph'- 
ulus, strophulus. E. urtica'tum, urticaria. E. vac- 
ci/na, vaccina. E. varicel'la, varicella. 
Exanthemata, eks-an-them'at-ah. Eruptive fevers. 
Cutaneous eruptions, essentially accompanied with 
fever. 
Exanthemat'ic. Eruptive; relating to exanthems 
or exanthemata. E. fe'ver, typhus fever. 
Exanthematischesis (eks-an-them-at-is'kes-is) or 
Exanthematoschesis (exanthem, ischo, to withhold). 
Suppression of a cutaneous eruption. 
Exanthematology, eks-an-them-at-ol'o-je (exan- 
them, logos, discourse). Doctrine or description of 
cutaneous eruptions. 
Exanthematophthalmia, eks-an-them-at-of-thal'- 
me-ah (exanthem, ophthalmos, eye). Ophthalmia in the 
course of, or succeeding to, a cutaneous eruption. 
Exanthematous, eks-an-them'at-us. Exanthematic 
or eruptive. 
Exanthesis, eks-an-tha'sis. Efflorescence. E. ar- 
thro'sia, dengue. E. rose'ola, roseola. E. rube'ola, 
rubeola. 
Exanthisma, eks-an-thiz'mah. Exanthem. 
Exanthropia, eks-an-thro'pe-ah (ex, anthropos, man). 
Misanthropy; a symptom of melancholy and hypo- 
chondriasis. 
Exapsis, eks-ap'sis (ex, hapto, to inflame). Inflam- 
mation. 
Exaragma, eks-ar-ag'mah (exarasso, to tear away). 
Collision; violent fracture; fragment. 
Exarchiater, eks-ar-ke-at'er. Chief of the archi- 
atri, or chief of physicians-a title, like that of Comes 
archiatorum, of the chief physician of the emperor or 
king. 
Exarma, eks-ar'mah (ex, aireo). Swelling. 
Exarsio, eks-ar'se-o (ex, ardeo, to burn). Burning 
heat. 
Exartema, eks-ar-ta'mah (ex, artao, to suspend). 
Amulet. 
Exarteritis (eks-ar-ter-e'tis) or Exarterii'tis. In- 
flammation of the outer coat of an artery. 
Exarthrema, eks-ar-thra'mah (ex, arthron, joint). 
Luxation. 
Exarthroma, eks - ar - thro' mah (same etymon). 
Luxation. 
Exarthrosis, eks-ar-thro'sis. Luxation. E. pare'- 
tica, see Pareticus. 
Exarticulate, eks-ar-tik'u-late (ex, articulus, joint). 
To separate at a joint. 
Exarticulation, eks-ar-tik-u-la'shun (ex, articulus, 
joint). Amputation at a joint. Luxation. 
Exarysis, eks-ar'is-is. Exhaustion. 
Exasperatio, eks-as-per-ah'she-o (ex, aspero, to 
sharpen). Exacerbation. EXBIBITION 
Exhibition, eks-bib-ish'un. See Imbibition. 
Excsecaria (ek-se-kah're-ah) {excaeco, to make blind) 
agal'locha. Agallocbum. E. hiber'nica possesses 
properties similar to those of E. agallocha. E. lamet'- 
tia, tree, native of East Indies, which contains caout- 
chouc; leaves are used externally in infusion in 
syphilis and in ulcers. E. sebif'era, Stillingia sebifera. 
E. sylvat'ica, found in some of the southern United 
States; the juice has sudorific properties; the root is 
used in syphilis. 
Excandescentia, eks-kan-des-sen'she-ah {excandesco, 
to glow). Irascibility of a morbid character. 
Excarnation, eks-karn-a'shun {ex, Icaro, flesh). Mode 
of making anatomical preparations, consisting in sep- 
arating injected vessels from parts in which they are 
situate, by corrosion, by acid, or by putrefaction. 
Excastratio, eks-kas-trah'she-o. Castration, eunuch. 
Excastratus, eks-kas-trat'us. Castrated. 
Excathisma, eks-kath-iz'mah {ex, kathisma, seat). 
Bath, half. Semicupium. 
Excavatio, eks-kav-ah'she-o. Pouch, cavity, or 
hollow space. E. Douglas'ii, recto-vaginal pouch. E. 
is'chio-recta'lis, ischio-rectal fossa. E. rec'to-ischi- 
ad'ica, ischio-rectal fossa. E. rec'to-uteri'na, recto- 
vaginal pouch. E. rec'to-vesica'lis, recto-vesical 
pouch. E. u'tero-recta'lis, recto-vaginal pouch. E. 
ves'ico-recta'lis, recto-vesical pouch. E. ves'ico- 
uteri'na, vesico-uterine pouch. 
Excava'tion, glaucom'atous. See Optic papilla. E. 
of the op'tic nerve, cupping of the optic disk. 
Excavator, dental, eks'ka-va-tor, den'tal {ex, cavus, 
hollow). Instrument for removing -carious part of 
a tooth. 
Excentric, eks-sen'trik. Literally, from the centre. 
Term applied especially to pains experienced ex- 
ternally, but produced by spinal disease caused by 
lesion of the posterior roots. 
Excerebration, eks - ser - e - bra' shun {ex, cerebrum, 
brain). Removal of brain of the child, to facilitate 
delivery. Delirium. Disturbance of action of the 
brain. 
Excerebratus, eks-ser-e-brat/us. Delirious. 
Excernent, eks-sur'nent {ex, cerno, to sift). Se- 
creting. 
Excidentia, eks-sid-en'she-ah {ex, cado, to fall). See 
Ecptoma. 
Excipient, eks-sip'e-ent {ex, capio, to receive). Sub- 
stance which, in a medicinal prescription, gives form 
and consistence to it, and serves as a vehicle or me- 
dium for the exhibition of the other ingredients. 
Excipulum, eks-sip'u-lum. Cup. 
Excisio, eks-siz'e-o. Deep cut; incised wound. 
Excision. E. ova'rii, ovariotomy. 
Excision, eks-sizh'un {ex, ctedo, to cut off). Opera- 
tion by which parts are removed with a cutting in- 
strument. See Amputation. 
Excisor prostatse, eks-se'zor pros'tat-e. Instru- 
ment for removing the prostate gland. 
Excitability, eks-site-a-bil'it-e {ex, cito, to excite). 
Irritability. Faculty possessed by living beings of 
being sensible to the action of excitants. Excitation. 
Excitant, eks-si'tant. Stimulant. (For action of 
this class of remedies, see Stimulants.) 
Excitation, eks-si-ta'tion. Excitement. Act of ex- 
citing ; state of organ or organs excited. Augmented 
arterial action. Excessive action. 
Excito-motion, eks-si'to-mo'shun. See Excito-motory. 
Excito-motor (eks-si'to-mo'tor) or -mo'tory. Ex- 
citing motor or muscular action. Epithet applied by 
Dr. Marshall Hall to a division of the nervous system 
comprising the gray matter of the spinal marrow, 
with the afferent and efferent nerves connected with 
it-all of which are concerned in reflex actions, or 
those by which impressions are transmitted to a 
centre, and reflected so as to produce muscular con- 
traction without sensation or volition. They con- 
stitute the reflex system of nerves. See Nerves. The 
term excito-motion has also been employed to signify 
motion, no matter how excited, by the reflex nerves 
or by volition. 
Excito-nutrient (eks-si'to-nu'tre-ent) and Excito- 
406 
EXCRETUM 
secretory, eks-si'to-se-kre'to-re. Terms applied to re- 
flex actions in which nutrition and secretion are 
modified hy impressions made elsewhere and re- 
flected to them, as where tumors disappear or secre- 
tions, as of tears, milk, or saliva, are increased by im- 
pressions made on the cerebro-spinal nervous centres. 
Excito-vasomotor, eks-si'to-vas-o-mo'tor. Stimulat- 
ing vasomotor activity. 
Exclusion, eks-klu'zhun (ex, claudo, to shut). Act 
of excluding or shutting out; applied to diagnosis 
by exclusion of symptoms. E. of pu'pil, condition 
in which the iris is attached to the lens. 
Exclusive, eks-klu'siv. That which excludes or 
shuts out. 
Excochleation, eks - kok - le - a' shun (ex, cochleare, 
spoon). Act of curetting or scraping with a spoon. 
Excoriatio, eks-ko-re-ah'she-o (ex, corium, skin). 
Excoriation. 
Excoriation, eks-ko-re-a'shun. Slight wound, re- 
moving only the skin; act of abrading. 
Excoriatura, eks-ko-re-at-u'rah. Excoriation. 
Excreation, eks-kre-a'shun (ex, screo, to spit). Act 
of spitting; exspuition. 
Excrement, eks'kre-ment (excerno, to separate, to 
cleanse). Everything evacuated from the body of an 
animal by the natural emunctories as being super- 
fluous, such as fecal matters, urine, perspiration, 
nasal mucus, etc. The term is usually restricted to 
fecal evacuations. The average amount of faeces dis- 
charged in twenty-four hours has been estimated at 
from four ounces to six in cases where the amount 
of solid food taken may have been forty-five ounces. 
According to Simon, the faeces contain, approximately, 
water, 77.3; mucin, 2.3; proteids, 5.4; extractives, 
1.8; fats, 1.5; salts, 1.8; resinous, biliary, and color- 
ing matters, 5.2; insoluble residue of food, 4.7. A 
non-nitrogenous, crystallizable matter, excretin, has 
been separated from the faeces, and also a crystallizable 
substance, stercorine, which is thought to be produced 
by transformation from cholesterin of the bile. 
Excrementitial (eks-kre-men-tish'al) or Excre- 
menti'tious. Eelating to, or resembling, excrement. 
Excrementitial matters are those destined to be 
evacuated as incapable of administering to the nu- 
trition of the body. 
Excremento - recrementitial (eks-kre-men'to-rek- 
re-men-tish'al) or Excremento-recrementitious, eks- 
kre-men'to-rek-re-men-tish'us. Animal fluids intend- 
ed to be partly absorbed and partly rejected. 
Excrescence, eks-kres'sence (excresco, to grow out- 
ward). Tumor which forms at the surface of organs, 
and especially on the skin, mucous membranes, or 
ulcerated surfaces. Warts, condylomata, polypi, and 
hemorrhoids belong to this head. E., caul'iflower, 
see Cauliflower. 
Excrescentia, eks-kres-sen'she-ah. Exacerbation; 
protuberance; tumor. E. carno'sa, sarcoma. E. 
fungo'sa, fungosity. E. gingi'vse, epulis. E. vesi'cae 
urina'rise carno'sa, fleshy thickening of the coats 
of the bladder. 
Excreta, eks-kre'tah. Faeces ; urine; perspiration. 
See Excretion. 
Excretin, eks'kre-tin. See Excrement. 
Excretio, eks-kre'she-o. Excretion, excrement. E. 
alvi'na, defecation. E. fee'cum alvina'rum, defeca- 
tion. E. uri'nse involunta'ria, enuresis. 
Excretion, eks-kre'shun (excerno, excretum, to sepa- 
rate). Separation or throwing off of those matters, 
excreta,from the body of an animal which are supposed 
to be useless, as the urine, perspiration, and faeces. 
Excretory, eks'kre-to-re. Eelating to or causing 
excretion. An excretory vessel or duct is one which 
transmits the fluid secreted by a gland, either exter- 
nally or into the reservoirs in which it has to be 
deposited. The existence of an excretory duct was 
regarded as a distinctive character of the glands 
properly so called. E. duct, canal conveying secre- 
tion from a gland. E. or'gan, one charged with the 
office of excreting-the skin, for example. E. tu'bule, 
uriniferous tubule emptying into pelvis of kidney. 
Excretum, eks-kre'tum. Excrement. EXCURVATION 
Excurvation, eks-kur-va'shun. Outward curva- 
ture. 
Excutia ventriculi, eks-ku'she-ah ven-trik'u-le (ex, 
quatio, to shake). Stomach brush. Instrument of iron 
or brass wire, at one extremity of which is a pencil 
of bristle to extract foreign bodies from the oesopha- 
gus, as well as to cleanse the stomach of viscid and 
tenacious matters adhering to it. 
Exdermoptosis, eks-dur-mop-to'sis {ex, derma, skin, 
ptosis, falling). Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands 
of the skin, especially of the genital organs. 
Exechebronchus, eks-ek-e-bron'kus {execho, to pro- 
ject, bronchos, throat). Bronchocele. 
Exechegluti, eks-ek-e-glu'te {execho, to project, 
gloutoi, nates). Those having large nates. 
Exedens, eks'e-dens {ex, edo, to eat). Eroding; eat- 
ing away. See Herpes exedens and Lupus exedens. 
Exelcosis, eks-el-ko'sis {ex, helcos, ulcer). Forma- 
tion of an ulcer. 
Exelcysmus, eks-el-siz'mus {ex, helkuo, to draw). 
Extraction. Breaking out into ulcers. 
Exencephalus, eks-en-sef'al-us {ex, enkephalos, en- 
cephalon). Malformation and faulty development of 
the bones of the head, with defective development of 
the brain, etc., and displacement of greater part of 
the brain to the outside of the skull, sometimes the 
entire brain lying on the back. 
Exenteration (eks-en-ter-a'shun) or Exenterismus, 
eks - en - ter - iz'mus. Evisceration, Devisceration, Un- 
bowelling, Embowelling or Imbowelling, Visceration. Ope- 
ration of taking out the bowel or of removing the 
contents of any cavity. E. bul'bi, removal, by opera- 
tion, of the eyeball and its contents. Operation to 
supersede enucleation, the injured organ being re- 
moved without opening the capsule of Tenon and 
without1 involving orbital cellular tissue, retaining the 
sclerotic coat with its muscles as a movable stump for 
support of an artificial eye. E. or'bitae, operation for 
removal of contents of orbit. 
Exenteritis, eks-en-ter-e'tis {ex, enteron, intestine). 
Peritonitis. 
Exerama, eks-er-am'ah {ex, erao, to pour out). Any- 
thing cast out; vomiting or the matter vomited. 
Exerasis, eks-er-a'sis (same etymon). Evacuating; 
vomiting. 
Exercise, eks'ur-size (exerceo, to work). Motion of 
the body from the contraction of voluntary muscles; 
action of any organ whatever. Active exercise, such 
as walking, running, dancing, hunting, fencing, play- 
ing at ball, cricket, quoits, swimming, etc., is an im- 
portant prophylactic, particularly for those disposed 
to be plethoric. It improves digestion, augments the 
secretions, and, in moderation, gives strength to the 
body, but in excess produces debility and disease. 
Passive exercise is when a part or a limb is moved 
gently by another person-by massage, for example. 
E. bone, drill bone. 
Exerrhosis, eks-er-rho'sis {ex, rheo, to flow). Dis- 
charge by insensible perspiration. 
Exfcetation, eks-fe-ta'shun. Pregnancy, preternat- 
ural or extra-uterine. See Pregnancy. 
Exfoliation, eks-fo-le-a'shun {ex, folium, leaf). 
Separation of the dead portions of a bone, tendon, 
aponeurosis, or cartilage, under the form of laminae or 
small scales. The object is to detach the dead portion 
from parts subjacent, which are still alive. For this 
purpose the latter throw out fleshy granulations, and 
a more or less abundant suppuration occurs, which 
tends to separate the exfoliated part, now an extra- 
neous body. When the dead part embraces all or 
almost all the substance of a bone, it takes the name 
Sequestrum. 
Exfoliative, eks-fo'le-a-tiv. Desquamatory. Causing 
or relating to exfoliation. Taking away by leaves or 
scales. The term is also applied to certain medicines 
regarded as proper to hasten exfoliation, as alcohol, 
oil of turpentine, tincture of myrrh, etc. E. derma- 
titis, see Dermatitis exfoliativa. E. trepan', raspa- 
tory, or instrument for scraping exfoliating portions 
of bone. 
Exhalant (eks-ha'lant) or Exhalent {exhalo, to 
407 
EXODERM 
breathe out or exhale). Having the quality of ex- 
haling or evaporating. 
Exhalatio, eks-hal-ah'she-o. Evaporation, exhala- 
tion. 
Exhalation, eks-hal-a'shun (exhalo, to exhale). 
Function by virtue of which certain fluids obtained 
from the blood are spread, in the form of dew, in the 
areolae of the different textures or at the surface of 
membranes, to be thrown out of the body or to serve 
ulterior purposes. Sweat is a liquid excrementitious 
exhalation; the serous fluid of the pleura a liquid 
recrementitious exhalation. Also that which exhales 
from any body whatever, organic or inorganic, dead 
or living. E., pul'monary, transpiration which takes 
place into the bronchia and is sent out with the ex- 
pired air. 
Exhaustion, eks-awst'shun (exhaurio, to draw out). 
Loss of strength occasioned by excessive evacuations, 
great fatigue, privation of food, or by disease. In 
pharmacy, separation of potent ingredients of a drug. 
E., ner'vous, see Neurasthenia. E., so'lar, see In- 
solation. 
Exhib'it. To administer medicine. 
Exhibition, eks-ib-ish'un. The administration of 
a certain medicine. 
Exhibitionism, eks-ib-ish'un-izm. Tendency to 
exhibit the genitalia in the presence of others; the 
one so offending being called an Exhibitionist. 
Exhilarant, eks-hil'ar-ant (ex, hilaro, to make 
merry). Agent that exhilarates or enlivens. 
Exhumation, eks-hu-ma'shun (ex, humus, the 
ground). Disinterment of a corpse, as for medico- 
legal purposes. 
Exidia auricula Judge, eks-id'e-ah aw-rik'u-lah ju'- 
de. Peziza auricula. 
Exiguous, eks-ig'u-us (exiguus, small). Small in 
size or measure. 
Exinanition, eks-in-an-ish'un (ex, inanis, empty). 
Extreme exhaustion; complete evacuation. 
Exipotic, eks-e-pot'ik (exipoo, to purge). Purga- 
tive; detergent. 
Exischium, eks-is'ke-um (ex, ischion, ischium). 
Prominence of the hips. 
Exischius (eks-is'ke-us) or Exischus, eks-is'kus. 
Luxation of the os femoris. Those with large nates 
and prominent hips were formerly called Exischioi 
and Exechegluti. 
Exitialis, eks-ish-e-al'is. Deadly. 
Exitura, eks-it-u'rah (exeo, to go out). Abscess 
which discharges; putrid excrement. 
Exitus, eks'it-us. Outer termination or exit of a 
canal; termination of a disease. E. pel'vis, outlet 
of the pelvis. 
Exo, eks'o. In composition, without, outward; out 
of median line. 
Exoarteritis, eks-o-ar-ter-e'tis. Inflammation of 
outer coat of artery. 
Exocardia, eks-o-kar'de-ah (exo, cardia, heart). Ex- 
terior of the heart; displacement of the heart. 
Exocardiac (eks-o-kar'de-ak) or Exocardial, eks- 
o-kar'de-al. Eelating to the exterior of the heart. 
Exocardiac sounds are those induced by conditions 
of the external surface of the heart. 
Exocardi'tis. Pericarditis. 
Exochas (eks'o-kas) or Exoche, eks'o-ke (execho, to 
project). Soft tumor, as a hemorrhoid outside of the 
anus; external pile. 
Exochorion, eks-o-ko're-on. Outer layer of the 
chorion. 
Exochorrhypia, eks-o-kor-rhip'e-ah (exochos, ele- 
vated, rhupos, filth). Eupia prominens. 
Exocolitis, eks-o-ko-le'tis. Inflammation of peri- 
toneal coat of colon. 
Exoculation, eks-ok-u-la'shun (ex, oculus, eye). Ab- 
sence of eyes; deprivation of vision; removal of an 
eye. 
Exocyste (eks-o-sis'te) or Exocus'tis (exo, kustis, 
bladder). Prolapsus of the bladder into the urethra; 
protrusion of the inner membrane of the bladder; 
protrusion of the neck of the bladder. 
Exoderm, eks'o-durm (exo, derma, skin). Epidermis. EXODIC 
Exodic, eks-od'ik (ex, hodos, way). Efferent; reflex 
motor. 
Exodontosis, eks-o-don-to'sis (odous, tooth). Exos- 
tosis on a tooth. 
Excedesis, eks-e-da'sis (oidao, to swell). Swelling. 
Exoenteritis, eks-o-en-ter-e'tis. Inflammation of 
external coat of intestines. 
Exogastritis, eks-o-gas-tre'tis (exo, gaster, stomach). 
Inflammation of external coat of stomach. 
Exogenetic, eks-o-jen-et'ik (exo, genesis, generation). 
Having origin from external causes, as E. diseases. 
Exogenous, eks-oj'en-us (gennao, to engender). In- 
crease by addition from without. 
Exognathion, eks-o-na'the-on. Alveolar process of 
the upper maxillary bone. 
Exogonium purga, eks-o-go'ne-um pur'gah. Con- 
volvulus jalapa. 
Exogonyancon, eks-o-gon-e-an'kon (exo, gonu, knee, 
ankon, elbow). Bowing of the knees outward. 
Exolce, eks-ol'se (ex, helko, to draw). Extraction. 
Exolceus, eks-ol'se-us. Bone-elevator. 
Exolcys'mus. Extraction. Breaking out into ulcers. 
Exolution, eks-o-lu'shun. Syncope. 
Exometra, eks-o-ma'trah (exo, metra, uterus). Pro- 
lapse or inversion of the uterus. 
Exometritis, eks-o-met-re'tis (same etymon). In- 
flammation of the peritoneal surface of the uterus or 
of parts in immediate relation with it. 
Exomoiosis, eks-o-moi-o'sis (ex, homoios, like). As- 
similation. 
Exomphalia, eks-om-fal'e-ah (ex, omphalos, navel). 
Protrusion of the navel. 
Exomphalocele (eks - om - fal - o - se' le) (Eng. eks- 
om'fal-o-seel) or Exomphalus, eks-om'fal-us (ex, om- 
phalos, navel, kele, rupture). Omphalocele, Exomphal- 
ocele, Umbilical hernia, Ruptured navel. Hernia at 
the navel; more frequent in infants, and taking 
place by the umbilical ring. In adults it is more 
common in females than in males, and the sac passes 
in the vicinity of the umbilicus. The organs found 
in this kind of hernia are particularly the epiploon, 
jejunum, arch of the colon, and sometimes the stom- 
ach. It is commonly readily reducible, and not sub- 
ject to strangulation. It must be reduced, and re- 
tained by an elastic bandage like a girdle, and fur- 
nished with a pad at its middle part. When strangu- 
lated, the stricture may be divided upward and to- 
ward the left side. 
Exoncoma, eks-on-ko'mah (ex, onkos, tumor). 
Large, prominent tumor; protuberance of the verte- 
brae after luxation. 
Exoncosis, eks-on-ko'sis (same etymon). Formation 
of a large, prominent tumor; tumefaction. E. lin'- 
guse, swelling of the tongue. 
Exoneirogmus (eks-on-i-rog'mus) or Exoneirosls, 
eks-on-i-ro'sis (ex, oneiros, dream). Pollution, noc- 
turnal. 
Exoneurism, eks-on'u-rizm (exo, neuron, nerve). 
Animal magnetism. 
Exopathic, eks-o-path'ik (exo, pathos, disease). Ee- 
lating to disease originating from causes outside the 
body. 
Exophor'ia (exo, phero, to carry). Tending of visual 
lines outward. 
Exophthalmia (eks-of-thal'me-ah) or Exophthal- 
mos, eks-of-thal'mos (ex, ophthalmos, eye). Protrusion 
of the eye from its orbit, occasioned by abscess or 
tumor in the areolar texture of the orbit, by exosto- 
sis of the parietes of the orbit, etc. The eye is pressed 
forward; the eyelids are raised and separated, and no 
longer cover the eye and defend it from the action 
of extraneous bodies; it becomes inflamed, and the 
sight is disturbed or destroyed. Treatment of course 
depends upon thecause. E., anee'mic, exophthalmic 
goitre. E., car'dio-thy'roid, exophthalmic goitre. E. 
fungo'sa, fleshy growth from the globe of the eye. 
E., pul'sating, E. associated with or dependent upon 
an aneurism pushing the eyeball forward. E. sarco- 
mat'ica, E. fungosa. 
Exophthalmic, eks-of-thal'mik. Appertaining or re- 
lating to exophthalmia. Having the eyes bulging or 
408 
EXOSTOTIC 
abnormally protrusive. E. goi'tre, Basedow's dis- 
ease, Disease of Graves, Graves' disease, Bigbie's dis- 
ease, Stokes' disease, Parkinson's disease, Marsh's dis- 
ease, Parry's disease, Anaemic protrusion of the eyeballs, 
Cardio-thyroid or Anaemic exophthalmia. An antemic 
condition, accompanied by protrusion of the eyeballs, 
palpitation of the heart and arteries, and tumefaction 
of the thyroid gland; is more frequent among women 
than men; prognosis is less favorable with the latter. 
It was named by Professor Trousseau of Paris after 
Dr. Graves, who first recognized it in 1835. Its eti- 
ology is still obscure; the disease is regarded as a 
general neurosis, possibly due to irritation of the 
accelerator nerves of the heart and of the vaso- 
dilator nerves connected with the vessels of the 
head and neck. 
Exophthalmometer, eks-of-thal-mom'et-ur (exoph- 
thalmia, metron, measure). Instrument for measuring 
amount of exophthalmia. 
Exophthalmos (eks-of-thal'mos) or Exophthalmus, 
eks-of-thahmus. Goggle-eyed. One whose eyes are 
very prominent; opposed to coelophthalmus. See 
Exophthalmia. 
Exoprosopus, eks-o-pros-o'pus (exo, prosopon, face). 
Epignathus. 
Exorbitism, eks-or'bit-izm (ex, orbita, orbit). Ex- 
ophthalmia. 
Exorhinus, eks-o-rhe'nus (exo, rhis, nose). Term 
to designate skulls in which line projected from na- 
sion to alveolar point falls back of that from nasion 
to rhinion, the angle being from 1° to 20.5°. 
Exormla, eks-or'me-ah (ex, ormao, to break forth). 
Papule. E. li'chen, lichen. E. pruri'go, prurigo. 
E. stroph'ulus, strophulus. 
Exortus unguium, eks-or'tus un'gwe-um (rising of 
the nails). Lunula of the nail. 
Exosepsis, eks-o-sep'sis (exo, sepsis, putrefaction). 
Septic poisoning from external causes. 
Exosis, eks-o'sis (ex, otheo, to impel). Luxation. 
Exoskeletal, eks-o-skel'et-al. Pertaining to the 
exoskeleton. 
Exoskeleton, eks-o-skel'e-ton. Skeleton that is 
wholly external, as in Crustacea and testacea. Part 
of skeleton nearest to the surface. 
Exosma, eks-oz'mah. A part that has protruded. 
Exosmic, eks-oz'mik. Exosmotic. 
Exosmose' or Exosmo'sis (ex, osmos, impulse). 
Transudation. Act by which substances transude 
from within to without an animal or other mem- 
brane. Opposite to endosmose. 
Exosmotic (eks-oz-mot'ik) or Exos'mic. Belonging 
or relating to exosmose. 
Exossatio, eks-os-sah'she-o (ex, os, bone). Exos- 
tosis. 
Exostemma (eks-o-stem'mah) or Exostema Caribse- 
um, eks-o-sta'mah kar-ib-e'um (exo, without, stemma, 
crown). Cinchonae caribee® cortex. E. floribun'dum, 
species yielding false cinchona bark. 
Exostoma, eks-os-to'mah. Exostosis. 
Exostosis, eks-os-to'sis (ex, osteon, bone). Osteophyte. 
Osseous tumor forming at the surface of bones or in 
their cavities. Various kinds have been enumerated : 
Ivory exostosis, Exostosis eburnea, having the appear- 
ance and consistence of ivory; Laminar exostosis, 
formed of laminae in superposition, or of distinct 
filaments; Spongy exostosis, whose structure is analo- 
gous to the spongy tissue of bones. Exostoses are 
sometimes distinguished into the true, which seem to 
be a projection of the osseous substance, having the 
same organization and hardness as that substance, 
and the false or osteo-sarcoma. Exostosis may de- 
pend on syphilis, scrofula, rickets, gout, etc. In such 
cases it is important to get rid of the primary disease. 
Exostoses within the bones have by some been called 
Enostoses. See Spina ventosa. E. den'tium, exostosis 
of the teeth. E. ebur'nea, see Exostosis. E., i'vory, 
see Exostosis. £., lam'inar, see Exostosis. E., spon'- 
gy, see Exostosis. E. steatomato'des, bony tumor or 
degeneration belonging to exostosis. E., subun'guial, 
see Subunguial. 
Exostotic, eks-os-tot'ik. Relating to, or affected EXOTERIC 
with, exostosis. E. pel'vis, pelvis whose cavity is 
diminished, in size by exostoses, so as to render labor 
difficult. 
Exoteric, eks-o-ter'ik (exoteros, outer). Public; ex- 
terior ; opposite of esoteric. 
Exoterorhi'nus (exoteros, external, rhis, nose). Term 
to designate skulls in which line projected from na- 
sion to alveolar point falls behind line from nasion to 
rhinion, the angle formed being from 22.5° to 45°. 
Exothesis, eks-o-tha'sis (exotheo, to put out). Lux- 
ation. 
Exothyropexy, eks-o-thi'ro-peks-e (exo, without, thy- 
roid, pexis, suture). Operation for goitre, in which 
the thyroid gland is loosened as much as possible 
from its attachments and brought outside of the ex- 
ternal incision, where it gradually undergoes a process 
of atrophy. 
Exotic, eks-ot'ik (exo, without). That which comes 
from abroad, as plants or drugs; opposed to indig- 
enous. 
Exoticadenia, eks-ot-ik-ad-en'e-ah (exotic, adeo, to 
dislike). Aversion for exotic drugs, for their use or 
importation. 
Exotichaematic, eks-ot-e-ke-mat'ik (exotic, haima, 
blood). Eelating to transfusion of blood. 
Exotichsamatosis, eks-ot-ik-he-mat-o'sis (exotic, hai- 
matosis). Transfusion. 
Exoticomania, eks-ot-ik-o-man'e-ah (exotic, mania). 
Fondness for exotic remedies; opposite to exotica- 
denia. 
Exoticosymphysis, eks-ot-ik-o-sim'fis-is (exotic, sum- 
phusis, growing together). Union or growing to- 
gether of foreign bodies, as of a foreign body with 
the human body. 
Exoticudenia, eks-ot-ik-u-den-e'ah (exotic, foreign, 
oudeneia, worthlessness). Dislike for foreign reme- 
dies, under the belief that they are worthless as 
remedies. 
Exotrachelus, eks-o-trak-e'lus (exo, trachelos, neck). 
Epignathus. 
Exotro'pia (exo, trepo, to turn). Deviation of the 
eye outward, as in strabismus, from muscular con- 
traction. 
Expansibility, eks-pan-si-bil'i-te. The capacity of 
being expanded. 
Expansio, 'eks-pan'se-o (expando, to spread out). 
Expansion. E. meat'uum, expansion of vessels. E. 
musculo'sa, platysma myoides. 
Expansion, eks-pan'shun. Prolongation or spread- 
ing out of certain organs, as aponeurotic expansion, 
spreading out of aponeuroses, etc. 
Expatratio, eks-pat-rah'she-o (ex, patratio, copula- 
tion). Ejaculation (of sperm). 
Expectant, eks-pek'tant (exspecto, to wait). That 
which waits, as expectant medicine or treatment. 
See Expectation. 
Expectation, eks-pek-ta'shun. Method of observ- 
ing the progress of diseases and removing deranging 
influences, without prescribing active medicines un- 
less imperatively required, thus leaving a disease 
almost wholly to the efforts of nature. It has been 
termed the " art of curing diseases by expectation 
or waiting." E. of life, age to which it is probable 
that any one may live, based on a given age. Such 
expectation is calculated from life-insurance tables 
of the duration of life, which are particularly valuable 
and important as forming a basis of calculation for 
insurance offices and for medical examiners for life 
insurance. 
Expectorant, eks-pek'tor-ant (ex, pectus, breast). 
Expectorative; ptysmagogue. A medicine capable of 
facilitating or provoking expectoration and of aiding 
the removal of the expectorated matter from the air- 
passages. It may produce the latter effect by increas- 
ing the rapidity of the ciliary motion in the mucous 
membrane of the trachea, or the activity of the res- 
piratory centre. Expectorants may also act through 
the system or by impressions made on parts at a dis- 
tance, which, through the medium of general, con- 
tinuous, or contiguous sympathy, excite the secretory 
vessels of the air-passages to action. 
409 
EXPIRATION 
The chief agents of this class have been divided 
into depressant and stimulating expectorants, as 
follows (Brunton): 
Depressant Expectorants. 
Generally tending to de- 
press the heart, lessen blood- 
pressure, and increase secre- 
tion. 
Alkalies. 
Antimonial preparations. 
Tartar emetic. 
Apomorphine. 
Ipecacuanha. 
Emetine. 
Jaborandi. 
Pilocarpine. 
Lobelia. 
Lobeline. 
Potassium iodide. 
Quebracho. 
Quebrachine. 
Stimulating Expectorants. 
Generally stimulating the 
heart, increasing blood-pres- 
sure, and diminishing secre- 
tion. 
Acids. 
Ammonium 
salts. 
chloride, 
carbonate, 
hydrate 
(Ammonia). 
Balsams 
Benzoin. 
Benzoic acid. 
Balsam of Tolu. 
Balsam of Peru. 
Nux vomica. 
Strychnine. 
Senega. 
Saponine. 
Squill. 
Saccharine 
substances 
Syrups. 
Licorice. 
Sulphur. 
Sulphur oils 
Onion. 
Garlic. 
Terebin- 
thinates 
Wood tar. 
Terebene. 
Turpentine. 
Oleum Pini 
sylvestris. 
Oleum Plni 
pumilionis. 
Expectoratio, eks-pek-tor-ah'she-o. Expectoration. 
E. san'guinis, haemoptysis. E. sol'ida, cynanche 
trachealis. 
Expectoration, eks-pek-tor-a'shun. Eaising; act 
of expelling from the chest matters or secretions col- 
lected or existing there; expectorated matter. E., 
prune'-juice, matter expectorated during purulent 
stage of pneumonia. 
Expectorative, eks-pek'tor-a-tiv. Expectorant. 
Expellens, eks-pel'lens (expello, to drive away). 
Expulsive; abortive. 
Experience, eks-pe're-ence (ex, peira, trial). Know- 
ledge of things acquired by observation, either per- 
sonal or that obtained from tradition and from books. 
Union of accurate observation by the physician with 
that handed down by medical writers constitutes 
perfect experience, so far as it is attainable. 
Experientia, eks-pe-re-en'she-ah. Experience. 
Experiment, eks-per'i-ment. Trial instituted with 
the intent of becoming better acquainted with any- 
thing. It may be made on the bodies of men or 
animals for the purpose of detecting the effect of a 
remedy or of becoming better acquainted with their 
structure, functions, or peculiarities. Experiments 
on living animals have given valuable information, 
particularly in physiology and toxicology. E. of 
Mariotte', see Mariotte. E., Valsal'vian, see Valsal- 
vian. E. of Wep'fer, experiment attributed to Wep- 
fer, consisting in injecting air into the blood-vessels 
of animals, with the view of observing the effect on 
the economy. 
Experimental, eks-per-i-men'tal. Obtained from 
experiment or experience. 
Experimentation, eks-per-i-men-ta'shun. The car- 
rying out of experiments. 
Experimentum mirabile, eks-per-im-en'tum mir- 
ab'il-a. Experiment illustrating the effect of hyp- 
notism on animals; as, for instance, when the head 
of a hen is pressed on the ground, the animal re- 
mains in the same position. 
Expers nuptiarum, eks'purs nup-she-ah'rum (ig- 
norant of marriage rites). Virgin. 
Expert, eks'purt (ex. peritus, skilled). Skilful or 
of good experience. The term as applied to witnesses 
-expert witnesses-should be restricted to those only 
whose opinion in medico-legal cases is valuable from 
their accurate knowledge of the subject under con- 
sideration. 
Expiration, eks-pi-ra'shun (exspiro, to breathe out). 
Act of expelling from the chest the air received dur- EXPIRATORY 
ing inspiration. See Vital capacity. E., prolonged, 
a sound heard during expiration or auscultation, in- 
dicating a diseased condition of the lungs; the ex- 
piration may be prolonged, as in emphysema due to 
diminished elasticity of the alveolar walls, or the ex- 
piratory sound may be prolonged or jerking, as ob- 
served in incipient tuberculosis due to an obstruction 
to the exit of air. 
Expiratory, eks'pir-at-o-re. Relating or appertain- 
ing to expiration. Expiratory muscles are all those 
which contribute to diminish the cavity of the chest 
for the purpose of expelling the air contained in the 
lungs or of producing expiration. 
Expire' (exspiro, to breathe out). To breathe out; 
to emit the last breath, or die. 
Ex'pletive fibres. Association fibres. Fasciculi in 
the brain passing beneath the cortical layer, associat- 
ing cortical areas of the same hemisphere. 
Exploratio, eks-plor-ah'she-o (explore, to search 
into). Exploration. E. abdom'inis, abdominos- 
copy. 
Exploration, eks-plor-a'shun. Examination of parts 
or organs that are not superficial, and therefore not 
within direct reach. Act of observing and attentively 
investigating everything connected with a case of 
disease or injury, by every practicable method of 
diagnosis. E., Noeggerath's method of, method of 
examining the uterine walls by gradually dilating 
the urethra with instruments, and introducing the 
index finger of one hand into the bladder, and that 
of the other into the rectum and vagina. 
Exploratorium, eks-plor-at-or'e-um. Sound; probe. 
Exploratory, eks-plor'a-to-re. Serving to explore, 
as an exploratory incision. 
Explorer, eks-plor'ur. Instrument used for the 
purpose of exploring. 
Explosion, eks-plo'zhun. Term used in pathology 
to denote the sudden onset of convulsions or of a vio- 
lent attack of disease. 
Explo'sives. Some consonants are so called, as b, 
p, t, d, c, and g, which seem to issue explosively when 
uttered. 
Expressed, eks-prest' (ex, premo, to press). Pressed 
out, as expressed oils. 
Expression, eks-presh'un (ex, premo, to press). Act 
of compressing a substance to separate from it the 
fluids which it contains. Manner in which impres- 
sions made upon us are depicted, especially in the 
traits of the countenance. E., Crede's method of, 
Crede's method of delivering the placenta is performed 
by grasping the uterus with the fundus in the hollow 
of the hand, and compressing the uterus so as to as- 
sist the expulsion of the placenta. E. of the fce'tus, 
method of accelerating the birth of the child, which 
consists in rubbing and pressing upon the uterus. It 
is called Kristeller's method of expression. E. of 
sweat, passive perspiration observable in very debili- 
tated individuals. 
Expuition, eks-pu-ish'un. Rejection of matters ac- 
cumulated in the pharynx and larynx; spitting. 
Expulsio, eks-pul'se-o (expello, to drive away). 
Excretion. E. fse'cum, defecation. E. foe'tus, par- 
turition. 
Expulsion, eks-pul'shun. Driving out. E. of the 
placen'ta, expulsion of the placenta from the uterus, 
caused by the contractions of the uterus and of the 
abdominal muscles. E., sponta'neous, spontaneous 
evolution; extrusion of the foetus or placenta by the 
mother without external assistance. 
Expulsive, eks-pul'siv. Driving out. E. band'age, 
one constructed with the view of compressing a part 
from which we are desirous of expelling pus, serum, 
etc. E. med'icines, those believed to have the power 
of driving the humors toward the skin, as diaphoret- 
ics and sudorifics. E. pains, pains attending expul- 
sion of the foetus in labor. 
Expultrix, eks-pul'triks. Driving out. See Vis 
expultrix. 
Exsanguination, eks-san-guin-a'shun. The condi- 
tion of being deprived of blood, such as occurs in 
tight bandaging. 
410 
EXTENSOR 
Exsanguine, eks-san'gwin (ex, sanguis,blood). Blood- 
less. 
Exsanguinity, eks-san-gwin'it-e. Anaemia. 
Exsanguinous, eks-san'gwin-us (sanguis, blood ; also 
an old term for sperm). Bloodless; exhausted by 
venery. See Sperm. 
Exsarcoma, eks-sar-ko'mah. Sarcoma. 
Exscreatio, eks-skre-ah'she-o (ex, screo, to spit). 
Act of spitting. 
Exsectio, eks-sek'she-o. Exsection. E. viril'ium, 
castration. 
Exsection, eks-sek'shun (ex, seco, to cut). Act of 
cutting out, as a nerve. 
Exsectus, eks-sek'tus. Castrated; eunuch. 
Exsertor, eks-sur'tor. Muscle whose function it is 
to carry a part forward. 
Exsiccation, eks-sik-ka'shun (ex, sicco, to dry). 
Desiccation or drying. 
Exsiccative, eks-sik'ka-tiv. Desiccative or drying. 
Exsolutio, eks-so-lu'she-o (ex, solvo, to loosen). 
Eesolution; prostration of strength; faintness. 
Exspiration, eks-spir-a'shun. Expiration. 
Exspirator, eks-pi-ra'tor. An apparatus for collect- 
ing expired air for analytical purposes. 
Exspuition, eks-spu-ish'un (ex, spuo, to spit). Re- 
jection of the matters accumulated in the pharynx 
and larynx; spitting. 
Exstasis, eks'sta-sis. Ecstasy. 
Exstinctio, eks-stink'she-o. Extinction. 
Exstirpatio, eks-stur-pah'she-o. Extirpation. E. 
lin'guse, extirpation of the tongue. E. testiculo'- 
rum, castration. 
Exstrophia, eks-strof'e-ah (ex, strophe, turning). 
Exstrophy, Extroversion. Eversion or turning out of 
a part, as the eyelids; displacement of organs, es- 
pecially the urinary bladder. 
Exstrophy, eks'stro-fe. Exstrophia. E. of the 
bladder, Extroversion of the bladder, Congenital hernia 
or hiatus of the bladder. Faulty conformation in 
which the bladder opens above the pubes, so that 
in the hypogastric region there is a red, mucous sur- 
face, formed by the inner coat of the bladder, on 
which two prominences are distinguishable, corre- 
sponding to the opening of the ureters. 
Exsuccatio, eks-suk-kah'she-o (ex, succus, juice). 
Ecchymoma. 
Exsuctio, eks-suk'she-o (ex, sugo, to suck). Action 
of sucking. 
Exsudatio, eks-su-dah'she-o (ex, sudo, to sweat). 
Ephidrosis; exudation. 
Exsufflatio, eks-suf-flah'she-o (ex, sufflo, to blow). 
Quick and forced expulsion of air from the lungs. 
Exta, eks'tah. Viscera of the abdomen or thorax. 
Extemporaneous, eks-tem-po-ra'ne-us (ex, tempus, 
time). Term applied to prescriptions which are made 
on the spot, and compounded according to the pre- 
scription of the physician. 
Extensibility, eks-ten-si-bil'it-e (extensio, habilis, 
able). Property possessed by certain bodies of being 
capable of extension or elongation. 
Extensible, eks-ten'si-b'l. Possessing the power of 
extension. 
Extensio, eks-ten'she-o. Extension; tetanus. 
Extension, eks-ten'shun (ex, tendo, to stretch). 
Operation in surgery, in which, either by the hands 
alone or by straps or weights, a fractured or luxated 
limb is pulled strongly to restore it to its natural 
position. In obstetrics, bending of the occiput of the 
foetal head toward the back. 
Extensor, eks-ten'sor. Muscle whose office is to 
extend certain parts. E. accesso'rius in'dicis, acces- 
sory fasciculi of E. brevis digitorum mantis to index 
finger. E. annula'ris, occasional supernumerary 
muscle connecting with tendon of extensor commu- 
nis to ring finger. E. antibrach'ii, triceps brachii. 
E. bre'vl radia'lis, E. carpi radialis brevior. E. 
bre'vis digito'rum ma'nus, rare muscle passing 
from lower part of radius or ulna, from carpus or 
metacarpus, to one digit or more. E. b. d. pe'dis, 
Short extensor of the toes. Muscle on the dorsal region 
of the foot, arising from the external surface of the ExteNsor 
calcaneum and at the anterior edge of a ligament 
uniting that bone to the astragalus. Anteriorly, each 
of its divisions terminates by a small tendon fixed 
successively at the superior part of the posterior 
extremity of the first phalanx of the great toe, and 
to the second and last phalanges of the next three 
toes. It extends the first four toes, and directs them 
a little outward. E. b. hallu'cis, portion of E. brevis 
digitorum pedis, sending tendon to great toe. E. b. 
in'dicis, E. accessorius indicis. E. b. pol'licis, E. 
primi internodii pollicis. E. b. pro'prius me'dii, 
separate fasciculi from E. brevis digitorum manus to 
middle finger. E. car'pi interme'dius, E. carpi ra- 
dialis intermedins. E. c. radia'lis accesso'rius, occa- 
sional supernumerary muscle arising with extensor 
carpi radialis muscles and inserted with other mus- 
cles and tendons. E. c. r. bre'vior, radialis externus 
brevior. E. c. r. interme'dius, muscle formed by 
fusion of two extensor carpi radialis muscles. E. c. 
r. lon'gior or lon'gus, radialis externus longior. E. 
c. ulna'ris, see Cubital muscles. E. coccy'gis, muscu- 
lar fasciculi from sacrum to coccyx, vestige of lower 
creation of animals. E. commu'nis digito'rum, E. 
digitorum communis. E. c. d. pe'dis, muscle situated 
at the anterior part of the leg; long, thin, flattened, 
simple, and fleshy above, and divided into four ten- 
dons below. It arises from the outer tuberosity of 
the tibia and the anterior surface of the fibula, and 
is inserted into the superior part of the posterior 
extremity of the second and third phalanges of the 
last four toes. It extends the phalanges of these 
toes. E. c. in'dicis, supernumerary fasciculi of E. 
indicis to middle and ring fingers. E. c. pol'licis et 
in'dicis, supernumerary fasciculus of E. indicis to 
thumb-muscle, produced by combination of E. indicis 
and E. secundi internodii pollicis. E. cru'ris, quad- 
riceps extensor cruris. E. c. exter'nus, see Triceps 
cruris. E. c. me'dius superficia'lis, rectus femoris. 
E. c. vas'tus, see Triceps cruris. E. cu'biti, triceps 
extensor cubiti. E. dig'iti min'imi pro'prius, see E. 
proprius minimi digiti. E. d. secun'di pe'dis lon'gus, 
supernumerary muscle from separation of portion of 
E. longus digitorum pedis inserted on second toe. E. 
digito'rum commu'nis, Common extensor of the fingers. 
Long, flattened muscle, simple above, and divided 
into four portions inferiorly, situated at the posterior 
part of the forearm; arising from the external tuber- 
osity of the humerus, from the aponeurotic septa sit- 
uated between it and the neighboring muscles, and 
inserted at the posterior surface of the second and 
third phalanges of the last four fingers. This muscle 
extends the phalanges of the last four fingers upon 
each other and upon the metacarpal bone; it can also 
extend the hand on the forearm. E. d. c. bre'vis, E. 
brevis digitorum pedis. E. d. c. lon'gus, E. commu- 
nis digitorum pedis. E. d. lon'gus, E. communis digi- 
torum pedis. E. d. ma'nus, E. digitorum communis. 
E. d. m. commu'nis, E. digitorum communis. E. d. 
pe'dis, E. communis digitorum pedis. E. d. p. bre'- 
vis, E. brevis digitorum pedis. E. d. p. commu'nis, 
E. communis digitorum pedis. E. dor'si commu'nis, 
sacro-spinalis. E. hallu'cis bre'vis, E. primi inter- 
nodii hallucis. E. h. pro'prius, E. longus hallucis. 
E. humera'lis pol'licis, anomalous muscle from E. 
digitorum communis, passing from epicondyle to 
ungual phalanx of the thumb. E. in'dicis, E. pro- 
prius indicis. E. i. pro'prius, E. proprius indicis. 
E. interno'dii os'sis pol'licis, E. pollicis longus. E. 
latera'lis me'dii, occasional fasciculi of E. brevis 
digitorum manus to middle finger. E. lon'gi radia'- 
lis, radialis externus longior. E. lon'gus digito'rum 
pe'dis, E. communis digitorum pedis. E. 1. hallu'- 
cis, E. proprius pollicis pedis. E. 1. h. tricauda'tus, 
long extensor with three tendons inserted on great 
toe. E. 1. pol'licis, E. pollicis longus. E. ma'ntis 
radia'lis bre'vis, radialis externus brevior. E. m. r. 
lon'gus, radialis externus longior. E. m. ulna'ris, 
E. carpi ulnaris. E. me'dii dig'iti, portion of E. in- 
dicis inserted with E. digitorum communis on middle 
finger. E. metapol'licis, abductor pollicis longus. 
E. min'imi dig'iti, E. proprius minimi digiti. E. 
411 
external 
mi'nor pol'licis ma'nus, E. pollicis brevis. E. op'sis 
metacar'pi, E. o. m. pol'licis ma'nus, abductor pol- 
licis longus. E. o. metatar'si hallu'cis, supernume- 
rary muscle on anterior part of leg, arising in connec- 
tion with other muscles, and inserted on first meta- 
tarsal bone. E. pe'dis, see Gastrocnemii. E. pol'licis 
bre'vis, seated at the posterior and inferior part of 
the forearm; thin, long, and broader at its middle 
than at the extremities; arises from the posterior 
surface of the ulna and the interosseous ligament, 
and is inserted behind the superior extremity of the 
first phalanx of the thumb. It extends the thumb 
and aids in supination. E. p. lon'gus, long, flat, and 
fusiform muscle seated at the posterior part of the 
forearm. It arises from the posterior surface of the 
ulna and the interosseous ligament, and is inserted at 
the posterior part of the superior extremity of the 
first phalanx of the thumb. It extends the last 
phalanx of the thumb upon the first. See Extensor 
proprius pollicis pedis. E. pol'licis ma'jor, E. secundi 
internodii pollicis. E. p. mi'nor, E. primi internodii 
pollicis. E. p. secun'dus, E. pollicis longus. E. 
pri'mi interno'dii, abductor pollicis longus, E. pol- 
licis brevis. E. p. i. hallu'cis, supernumerary mus- 
cle, associated in origin with E. longus hallucis and 
inserted on phalanx of great toe. E. pri'mus pol'- 
licis, abductor pollicis longus. E. pro'prius hal- 
lu'cis, E. proprius pollicis pedis. E. p. in'dicis, long 
and thin muscle, broader in the middle than at the 
extremities, situate at the posterior part of the fore- 
arm. It arises from the posterior surface of the 
ulna, and is inserted at the posterior part of the 
upper extremity of the second and third phalanges 
of the index finger; it extends the phalanges of the 
index finger, and has, besides, the same uses as the 
other extensors of the fingers. E. p. 1. superficia'- 
lis, supernumerary muscle formed by separation of 
fasciculi of E. digitorum communis. E. p. min'imi 
dig'iti, situate on the inside of the E. communis digi- 
torum ; arises from the external condyle of the os 
humeri and the aponeurotic septa between it, the 
extensor communis digitorum, and the extensor carpi 
ulnaris, and is inserted into the last two phalanges 
of the little finger. It extends the little finger, and 
even the hand, on the forearm. E. p. pol'licis pe'dis, 
this muscle, situate at the anterior part of the leg, is 
fleshy, broad, flat above, small and tendinous below; 
arises from the anterior part of the middle third of 
the fibula, and is inserted into the posterior part of 
the superior extremity of the last phalanx of the 
great toe. It extends the last phalanx of the great 
toe upon the first, and the first upon the first meta- 
tarsal bone. E. p. quin'ti dig'iti, peroneus quinti 
digiti. E. quad'riceps cru'ris, quadriceps extensor 
cruris. E. secun'di interno'dii, E. pollicis brevis, E. 
pollicis longus. E. s. i. in'dicis pro'prius, E. pro- 
prius indicis. E. s. i. pol'licis, E. pollicis brevis, E. 
pollicis longus. E. s. pol'licis, E. pollicis brevis, E. 
pollicis longus. E. spi'nse, erector spin®. E. tar'si, 
tibialis posticus. E. t. mag'nus, name given to the 
gastrocnemius and soleus combined. E. t. mi'nor, 
plantar muscle. E. t. sura'lis, E. tarsi magnus. E. 
ter'tll interno'dii, E. pollicis longus. E. t. i. in'dicis, 
prior annularis. E. t. i. min'imi dig'iti, abductor 
minimi digiti. E. tet'anus, spasm of the extensor 
muscles. E. tri'ceps, triceps extensor cubiti. E. 
ulna'ris, E. carpi ulnaris. 
Extenuatio, eks-ten-u-ah'she-o (extenuo, to make 
thin). Emaciation; making thin. 
Extergentia, eks-tur-gen'she-ah (extergeo, to wipe 
clean). Detergents. 
Exterior, eks-te'ri-or. External. 
Exteriora'tion. Act of the brain by which im- 
pression is referred to the remote extremity of the 
nerves through which it was conveyed. 
External, eks-tur'nal. Situated on the outside; 
opposed to internal. Remote from middle line or 
axis; on outer or superficial surface. (For numerous 
arteries, veins, nerves, etc. under this head, as exter- 
nal carotid artery, external jugular vein, etc., see 
Carotid, Jugular, etc., and Arteries, Veins, etc.) E. dis- EXTERNE 
eases, Extrinsic diseases, Surgical diseases ; those which 
occupy the surface of the body, and form the object 
of surgical pathology, requiring generally external 
means or surgical operations. E. pachymeningi'tis, 
see Pachymeningitis externa. E. urethrot'omy, see 
Urethrotomy. E. ver'sion, see Version. 
Externe, eks'tern. See House-surgeon. 
Externus, eks-tur'nus. External. E. au'ris, lax- 
ator tympani. E. mallei, laxator tympani. 
Extesticulated, eks-tes-tik'u-la-ted (ex, testiculus, 
testicle). Castrated; eunuch. 
Extinctio, eks-tink'she-o. Extinction. E. hydrar'- 
gyri or mercu'rii, Extinction of mercury; trituration 
of mercury with lard or other substance until the 
metallic globules disappear. The mercury is then so 
divided that it forms a black powder, generally con- 
sidered to be a protoxide of mercury. E. vo'cis, 
feeble sound, not complete suppression of voice; in- 
complete aphonia. 
Extinction, eks-tink'shun. Putting out of the way; 
annihilation; death. E. of mer'cury, see Extinctio 
hydrargyri. E. of voice, see Extinctio rods. 
Extirpation (extirpo, to root out). Ablation. Com- 
plete removal or destruction of any part, either by 
cutting instruments or the action of caustics. Enu- 
cleation. 
Extom'ius (ex, tome, incision). Eunuch. 
Extozo'a (pl. of Extozoon). Ectozoa. 
Extozoa'ria. Ectozoa. 
Extra (L.). In composition, on the outside, without; 
as extrascapular, extracardial, outside the scapula, 
outside the heart. E. cur'rent, action of self-induc- 
tion in electricity, or of an increasing or decreasing 
current on its own circuit. 
Ex'tra-amniot'ic. Outside the amnion; that is, 
between the amnion and chorion. 
Extra-artic'ular. Outside of a joint, as E.-a. an- 
chylosis, from causes not involving the joint, as mus- 
cular spasm, etc. 
Extracap'sular. Outside the capsule of a joint. 
Extracar'dial. Exocardial, or outside the heart. 
E. sounds, sounds induced by conditions or changes 
on the outside of the heart. 
Extracil'iary. Outside the ciliary body. Extra- 
ciliary fibres are those passing from the ciliary body to 
the semicircular tract of the cerebellum. 
Extracra'nial. Outside the skull. 
Ex'tract (ex, traho, tractum, to draw). See Ex- 
tractum. E. of ac'onite, extractum aconiti, E. aconiti 
alcoholicum. E. of ac'onite, alcoholic, extractum 
aconiti alcoholicum. E. of ac'onite, fluid, extractum 
aconiti fluidum. E., alcoholic, see Extractum. E. of 
al'oes, extractum aloes. E. of al'oes, pu'rifled, see 
Extractum aloes. E. of ar'nica, extractum arnicae. E. 
of ar'nica root, extractum arnicae radicis. E. of 
ar'nica root, fluid, extractum arnica; radicis fluidum. 
E., aromatic, fluid, extractum aromaticum fluidum. 
E. of ba'el, liq'uid, extractum belae liquidum. E. of 
bark, extractum cinchonae. E. of bark, precipitated, 
chinoidine. E. of bark, resinous, extractum cincho- 
nae resinosum. E. of beef, see Biscuit, meat, and Beef. 
E. of beef, Lie'big's, Condensed beef, is prepared 
by removing the fat, sinews, and albumen from the 
fresh meat, and forming an extract, of the consistence 
of an extremely thick jelly, of the soluble matter of 
the remainder; used for the instantaneous prepara- 
tion of beef tea. E. of belladon'na, extractum bella- 
donna:. E. of belladon'na, alcoholic, extractum 
belladonnae alcoholicum. E. of belladon'na, fluid, 
extractum belladonnas fluidum. E. of belladon'na 
root, fluid, extractum belladonnas radicis fluidum. 
E. of bit'ter or'ange, fluid, extractum aurantii amari 
fluidum. E. of bit'tersweet, extractum dulcamaras. 
E. of bit'tersweet, fluid, see Extractum, dulcamaree. 
E. of black'berry, fluid, extractum rubi fluidum. E. 
of braye'ra, fluid, extractum brayerae fluidum. E. 
of broom'tops, extractum genistas cacuminum. E., 
bu'chu, fluid, extractum buchu fluidum. E. of 
but'ternut, extractum juglandis. E. of Cal'abar 
bean, extractum physostigmatis. E. of cal'amus, 
fluid, extractum calami fluidum. E. of calum'ba, 
412 
EXTRACT 
extractum calumb®. E. of calum'ba, flu'id, ex- 
tractuni calumb® fluidum. E. of Can'ada erig'eron, 
flu'id, extractum erigerontis Canadensis fluidum. E. 
of can'nabis In'dica, flu'id, extractum cannabis in- 
die® fluidum. E. of cap'sicum, flu'id, extractum 
capsici fluidum. E. of casca'ra sagra'da, extractum 
cascar® sagrad®. E. of casca'ra sagra'da, liq'uid, 
extractum cascar® sagrad® liquidum. E. of cas- 
caril'la, res'inous, extractum cascarill® resiuosum. 
E. of casta'nea, flu'id, extractum castane® fluidum. 
E. of cham'omile, E. anthemidis. E. of che'ken, flu'id, 
extractum cheken fluidum. E. of cbira'ta, flu'id, ex- 
tractum chirat® fluidum. E. of cimicif'uga, flu'id, 
extractum cimicifug® fluidum. E. of cincho'na, ex- 
tractum cinchon®. E. of cincho'na, flu'id, see Ex- 
tractum cinchonas. E. of co'ca, liq'uid, extractum coc® 
liquidum. E. of col'chicum, extractum colchici. E. 
of col'chicum, ace'tic or ace'tous, extractum colchici 
aceticum. E. of col'chicum, flu'id, extractum colchici 
fluidum. E. of col'chicum root, extractum colchici 
radicis. E. of col'chicum root, flu'id, extractum 
colchici radicis fluidum. E. of col'chicum seed, flu'id, 
extractum colchici seminis fluidum. E. of eol'oeynth, 
extractum colocynthidis, E. c. alcoholicum. E. of 
eol'oeynth, com'pound, extractum colocynthidis com- 
positum. E. of colom'bo, extractum calumb®. E. of 
colom'bo, flu'id, extractum calumb® fluidum. E. of 
coni'um, extractum conii. E. of coni'um, alcohol'ic, 
extractum conii alcoholicum. E. of coni'um seed, 
flu'id, extractum conii fructus fluidum. E. of cot'ton 
root, flu'id, extractum gossypii fluidum. E. of cu'beb 
or cu'bebs, flu'id, extractum cubeb® fluidum. E. of 
cypripe'dium, flu'id, extractum cypripedii fluidum. 
E. of dan'delion, extractum taraxaci. E. ofdan'de- 
lion, flu'id, extractum taraxaci fluidum. E. of digi- 
ta'lis, extractum digitalis, E. digitalis alcoholicum. 
E. of digitalis, alcohol'ic, extractum digitalis alco- 
holicum. E. of digitalis, flu'id, extractum digi- 
talis fluidum. E. of dogwood, fluid, extractum 
corntis florid® fluidum. E. of dulcamar'®, ex- 
tractum dulcamar®. E. of elaterium, extractum ela- 
terii. E. of er'got, extractum ergot®. E. of ergot, 
fluid, extractum ergot® fluidum. E. of ergot, liquid, 
see Extractum ergotas. E. of erig'eron, fluid, extrac- 
tum erigerontis Canadensis fluidum. E. of erythrox'- 
ylon, fluid, extractum erythroxyli fluidum. E., 
ethe'real, see Extractum. E. of eucalyp'tus, fluid, 
extractum eucalypti fluidum. E. of flesh, extract of 
beef, extractum carnis. E. of foxglove, extractum 
digitalis. E. of fran'gula, fluid, extractum frangul® 
fluidum. E. of gelsem'ium, fluid, extractum gelsemii 
fluidum. E. of gen'tian, extractum gentian®. E. 
of gentian, fluid, extractum gentian® fluidum. E. 
of gera'nium, fluid, extractum geranii fluidum. E. 
of ginger, fluid, extractum zingiberis fluidum. E. of 
grass, extractum graminis. E. of grinde'lia, fluid, 
extractum grindeli® fluidum. E. of guarana, fluid, 
extractum guaran® fluidum. E. of hamame'lis, fluid, 
extractum hamamelidis fluidum. E. of hel'lebore, 
alcohol'ic, see Extractum hellebori. E. of hellebore, 
American, fluid, extractum veratri viridis fluidum. 
E. of hellebore, black, extractum hellebori. E. of 
hemlock, extractum conii. E, of hemlock, alco- 
holic, extractum conii alcoholicum. E. of hemlock, 
fluid, extractum conii fluidum. E. of hemp, Amer- 
ican, extractum cannabis American®. E. of hemp, 
Indian, extractum cannabis Indic®. E. of hemp, 
purified, extractum cannabis purificatum. E. of 
henbane, extractum hyoscyami. E. of henbane, 
alcoholic, extractum hyoscyami alcoholicum. E. of 
henbane, fluid, extractum hyoscyami fluidum. E. 
of hops, extractum humuli, E. lupuli. E. of hy- 
dras'tis, fluid, extractum hydrastis fluidum. E. of 
hyoscy'amus, extractum hyoscyami. E. of hyoscy'- 
amus, alcoholic, extractum hyoscyami alcoholicum. 
E. of hyoscyamus, fluid, extractum hyoscyami fluid- 
um. E. of igna'tia, extractum ignati® alcoholicum. 
E. of igna'tia, alcoholic, extractum ignati® alcohol- 
icum. E. of In'dian can'nabis, extractum cannabis 
Indic®. E. of ipecacuan'ha, fluid, extractum ipecac- 
uanh® fluidum. E. of iris, extractum iridis. E. of EXTRACTA 
iris, fluid, extractum iridis fluidum. E. of jabor- 
an'di, extractum jaborandi. E. of jal'ap, extractum 
jalapae. E. of jalap, res'inous, extractum jalapae 
resinosum. E. of jas'mine, yellow, fluid, extractum 
gelsemii fluidum. E. of ju'niper, extractum j uniperi. 
E. of lactuca'rium, fluid, extractum lactucarii flu- 
idum. E. of lead, Goulard's, liquor plumbi subace- 
tatis. E. of leptan'dra, extractum leptandrae. E. of 
leptan'dra, fluid, extractum leptandrae fluidum. E. of 
let'tuce, extractum lactucae. E. of licorice, extrac- 
tum glycyrrhizae. E. of licorice, fluid, extractum 
glycyrrhizae fluidum. E. of licorice, pure, extractum 
glycyrrhizae purum. E. of lobe'lia, fluid, extractum 
lobelias fluidum. E. of log'wood, extractum haema- 
toxyli. E. of lu'pulin, fluid, extractum lupulinae 
fluidum. E. of male fern, see Polypodium filix mas. 
E. of malt, extractum malti. E. of mati'co, fluid, ex- 
tractum matico fluidum. E. of may-apple, extractum 
podophylli. E. of meat, sapona'ceous, osmazome. E. 
of meze'reon, extractum mezerei. E. of meze'reon, 
alcoholic, extractum mezerei alcoholicum. E. of 
meze'reon, fluid, extractum mezerei fluidum. E. of 
nux vom'ica, extractum nucis vomicae alcoholicum. 
E. of nux vom'ica, alcoholic, extractum nucis vom- 
icae alcoholicum. E. of oak bark, extractum quercus 
corticis. E. of o'pium, extractum opii. E. of opium, 
fluid, see Extractum opii. E. of parei'ra bra'va, 
extractum pareirae. E. of parei'ra bra'va, fluid, ex- 
tractum pareirae fluidum. E. of pep'per, black, fluid, 
extractum piperis fluidum. E. of pilocar'pus, fluid, 
extractum pilocarpi fluidum. E. of pipsis'sewa, 
fluid, extractum chimaphilae fluidum. E. of podo- 
phyl'lum, fluid, extractum podophylli fluidum. E. 
of pop'py, extractum papaveris. E. of quas'sia, ex- 
tractum quassiae. E. of quas'sia, fluid, extractum 
quassiae fluidum. E. of qui'nia, extractum quiniae. 
E. of rham'nus fran'gula, extractum rhamni fran- 
gulae. E. of rham'nus fran'gula, liquid, extractum 
rhamni frangulae liquidum. E. of rhat'any, extrac- 
tum krameriae. E. of rhat'any, fluid, extractum 
krameriae fluidum. E. of rhu'barb, extractum rhei. 
E. of rhu'barb, alcoholic, extractum rhei. E. of 
rhubarb, fluid, extractum rhei fluidum. E. of rhus 
glab'ra, fluid, extractum rhois glabrae fluidum. E. of 
roses, fluid, extractum rosae fluidum. E. of Ru'dius, 
extractum Rudii. E. of rue, extractum rutae graveo- 
lentis. E. of sanguina'ria, fluid, extractum sangui- 
nariae fluidum. E. of sarsaparilla, extractum sar- 
saparillae. E. of sarsaparilla, fluid or liquid, ex- 
tractum sarsaparillae fluidum. E. of sarsaparilla, 
fluid, compound, extractum sarsaparillae fluidum 
compositum. E. of sav'ine, extractum sabinee folio- 
rum. E. of sav'ine, fluid, extractum sabinae fluidum. 
E. of scam'mony, extractum scammonii. E. of scu- 
tella'ria, fluid, extractum Scutellariae fluidum. E. of 
senega, fluid, extractum senegae fluidum. E. of sen'- 
eka, extractum senegae alcoholicum. E. of sen'eka, 
alcoholic, extractum senegae alcoholicum. E. of 
senna, fluid, extractum sennae fluidum. E. of ser- 
penta'ria, fluid, extractum serpentariae fluidum. E. 
of spige'lia, fluid, extractum spigeliae fluidum. E. of 
spigelia and senna, fluid, extractum spigeliae et sen- 
nas fluidum. E. of squill, extractum scillae. E. of 
squill, fluid, extractum scillae fluidum. E. of stil- 
lin'gia, fluid, extractum stillingiae fluidum. E. of 
stramo'nium, extractum stramonii, E. stramonii al- 
coholicum. E. of stramonium, alcoholic, extractum 
stramonii alcoholicum. E. of stramo'nium, fluid, 
extractum stramonii fluidum. E. of trit'icum, fluid, 
extractum tritici fluidum. E. of u'va ur'si, extractum 
uvae ursi. E. of uva ursi, fluid, see Extractum uvie 
ursi. E. of vale'rian, extractum valerianae; E. v. al- 
coholicum. E. of valerian, alcoholic, extractum va- 
lerianae alcoholicum. E. of vibur'num, fluid, extrac- 
tum viburni fluidum. E. of wild-cherry bark, fluid, 
extractum pruni Virginianae fluidum. E. of wild 
cherry, fluid, extractum prun Virginianae fluidum. E. 
of wormwood, extractum absinthii cacuminum. E. of 
xanthox'ylum, fluid, extractum xanthoxyli fluidum. 
Extracta (pl. of Extractum). Extracts. E. flu'ida, 
see Extractum. 
413 
J EXTRACTUM 
Extraction. Act of removing an extraneous sub- 
stance from any part of the body-a splinter, for ex- 
ample ; also removal of certain parts. A cataract is 
said to be extracted ; a tooth is extracted, etc. See Cat- 
aract. 
Extractive. Peculiar presumed principle, or com- 
bination of principles, extracted by alcohol or other 
solvents. Thus, bitter extractive is the immediate 
principle of bitter vegetables, etc. Ill-defined matters 
met with on analysis are called extractive matters. 
Extractor. Instrument employed for extraction. 
Extracts. See Extractum. E., flu'id, see Extrac- 
tum. 
Extractum. Extract. An extract is prepared by 
evaporating vegetable solutions till a tenacious mass 
is obtained. When prepared from an infusion or de- 
coction, it is called a watery extract; from ether, an 
ethereal extract; from alcohol, alcoholic or spiritu- 
ous extract. Extracts contain all the principles of 
the vegetable that are soluble in the menstrua with 
which they are prepared; but the volatile parts are 
dissipated, and some of the fixed parts are decom- 
posed. Extracts are solid and liquid; those which 
are officinal in the Pharmacopoeia are prepared by 
displacement or percolation, especially the latter. 
Gummy or mucous or mucilaginous extracts are 
those which are mainly composed of gum or mu- 
cilage. Gum tragacanth may be considered a pure 
gummy extract. Gelatinous extracts are those com- 
posed especially of gelatin; resinous extracts, those 
of a resinous character; extracto-resinous, those 
composed of extractive or coloring matter and resin ; 
gum-resinous, those containing gum and resin; and 
saponaceous or saponaceous saline, those containing a 
notable quantity of saline substances and a resinous 
matter so combined with other substances that they 
cannot be separated. 
Under the name Fluid extracts-Extracta fluida or 
Liquida-a class of preparations is officinal in the 
Pharmacopoeias, the distinctive character of which 
is the concentration of the active ingredients of 
medicinal substances into a small bulk in the 
liquid form, a cubic centimetre or fluigramme of any 
one of them representing a gramme of the crude 
drug. The extraction is effected by percolation, the 
percolator being covered to prevent evaporation, 
and the liquid set aside for the requisite time, 
say from twenty-four to forty-eight hours, when 
percolation is again commenced, and continued 
until the amount that percolates equals the amount 
of the drug taken in grammes. E. absin'thii cacu'- 
minum, Extract of wormwood; decoction defecated 
and evaporated ; bitter tonic. E. aconi'ti, Extract of 
aconite; narcotic and diuretic, and given in cases re- 
ferred to under Aconitum. The officinal Extractum, 
aconiti (Ph. U. S.) is extractum aconiti alcoholicum. 
The Ph. Br. also has an extractum aconiti. E. aco- 
ni'ti alcohol'icum, Alcoholic extract of aconite, Extrac- 
tum aconiti (Ph. U. S.), Extract of aconite (aconite 
powder, ; tartaric acid, gr. Ixx; glycerin, al- 
cohol, aa q. s.); dose, half a grain or a grain. E. 
aconi'ti flu'idum, Fluid extract of aconite (aconite, 
,^1; tartaric acid, alcohol, q. s.); used as basis 
for making other preparations of aconite. Given 
internally in doses of one-half to one minim. E. 
al'oes, Extract of aloes, Purified extract of aloes (the 
gummy part extracted by boiling water, defecated, 
and inspissated); dose, gr. v to gr. xv. The Ph. B. 
has an Extract of Barbadoes aloes and an Extract of 
Socotrine aloes. E. al'oes aquo'sum (Ph. U. S.), E. 
aloes. E. aloes purifica'tum, E. aloes. E. anthem'- 
idis (Ph. Br.), E. anthemidis nobilis chameemeli or E. 
florum chamsemeli, Extract of chamomile; pure, grate- 
ful bitter, tonic and stomachic; dose, gr. x to gr. xx, 
in pill. E. ar'nicse radi'cis (Ph. U. S.), extract of 
arnica root (arnica root, ; glycerin and diluted 
alcohol, aa q. s.); dose, gr. ij-iv. E. ar'nicse radi'- 
cis flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), fluid extract of arnica root 
(arnica root, diluted alcohol, q. s. ad Oiij); dose, 
E. aromat'icum flu'idum, aromatic fluid ex- 
tract (aromatic powder, §1; alcohol, q. s. ad Jjiij); EXTRACTUM 
aromatic; dose, to xx. E. aspar'agi, see As- 
paragus. E. auran'tii ama'ri flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), 
fluid of bitter orange-peel (bitter orange- 
peel, ,51; alcohol, water, aa q. s. ad Oiij); tonic. E. 
be'lae liq'uidum, Liquid extract of bael. Preparation 
of Br. Pharm.; astringent, in diarrhoea and dysen- 
tery; dose, f-?j-ij. E. belladon'nae, Extract of bella- 
donna ; made from fresh belladonna leaves; properties 
same as those of the plant; dose, gr. j, gradually in- 
creased. It dilates the pupil when applied to the 
eye. E. belladon'nae alcohol'icum (Ph. U. S.), Al- 
coholic extract of belladonna (belladonna leaves, in fine 
powder, ,3xvj; alcohol, Oij, water, Oj ; glycerin 
and diluted alcohol, q. s.); dose, gr. The Ph. 
Br. also has an officinal preparation of the same 
name. E. belladon'nae flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid 
extract of belladonna (belladonna root, alcohol, 
q. s. to make Oiij); dose, TT^i-ij. E. belladon'nae 
radi'cis flu'idum, old officinal name of E. belladonnse 
fluidum. E. braye'rae flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), fluid ex- 
tract of brayera (brayera, §1; alcohol, q. s. to make 
Oiij); dose, as anthelmintic, f 3 ss-j. E. buch'u flu'- 
idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of buchu (buchu, §1; 
alcohol and water, q. s. to make Oiij); dose, 
E. cal'ami flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), fluid extract of 
calamus (calamus, alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); 
aromatic stimulant; dose, E. calum'bae (Ph. 
Br.), Extract of calumba (calumb. rad., aqua destil- 
lat.); dose, gr. ij-x. E. calum'bse flu'idum (Ph. U. 
S.), Fluid extract of calumba (calumba, §1; diluted al- 
cohol, q. s. to make Oiij); tonic and stomachic; dose, 
T?Lxv-xxv. E. can'nabis, see Chnnaftis. E. can'na- 
bis American'se, see Cannabis Americana. E. can'na- 
bis In'dicae (Ph. U. S. and Br.), see Cannabis. E. can'- 
nabis In'dicae flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), fluid extract of In- 
dian cannabis (cannabis Ind., §1; alcohol, q. s. to make 
Oiij); dose, E. can'nabis puriflca'tum, Puri- 
fied extract of hemp (extract of hemp, alcohol); dose, 
half a grain. E. cap'sici flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), fluid 
extract of capsicum (capsicum, ; alcohol, q. s. to 
make Oiij); dose, E. car'nis, Extract of 
flesh ; extract formed by evaporating beef tea in a 
water-bath. E. casca'rse sagra'dae (Ph. Br.), Extract 
of Cascara sagrada (cascara sagrada, proof spirit, and 
distilled water); dose, gr. ij-vj in pill. E. casca'rse 
sagra'dae liq'uidum (Ph. Br.) (cascara sagrada, 
rectified spirit, distilled water); dose, t^xxx-f£ij. 
E. cascaril'lae resino'sum, Resinous extract of casca- 
rilla (cort. cascarillas, sp. vini rect.); dose, gr. x to gr. 
xx in pills. E. casta'nese flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), 
fluid extract of castanea (castanea, ,^1; alcohol and 
water, q. s. to make Oiij); employed in whooping 
cough; dose, E. cat'echu, catechu. E. ca- 
thar'ticum, E. colocynthidis compositum. E. cath- 
ol'icum, name given to pills composed of aloes, 
black hellebore, colocynth, resin of jalap, and scam- 
mony; see also Extractum colocynthidis compositum. 
E. chamaeme'li, E. anthemidis. E. chekan flu'- 
idum, not officinal; prepared like ext. cinchonae 
fluid.; dose, It possesses antiseptic, tonic, 
expectorant, and diuretic properties. E. chimaph'- 
ilae flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of chimaphila 
or pipsissewa (chimaphila, §1; glycerin, 3x; diluted 
alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); dose, E. chira'tae 
flu'idum, fluid extract of chirata (chirata, §1; glyce- 
rin, ; diluted alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); 
dose, nt,xx-xxx. E. cicu'tae, E. conii. E. cimi- 
cif'ugse flu'idum, Fluid extract of cimicifuga (cimi- 
cifuga, §1; alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); dose, 
xxx. The Ph. Br. also has a preparation of the same 
name. E. cincho'nae, Extract of cinchona or of bark, 
was formerly a decoction evaporated. When re- 
duced by drying to a state fit for being powdered, 
it is called Hard extract of bark, Extractum corticis Pe- 
ruviani durum, E. cinchonas durum; dose, gr. x to 
E. cincho'nae (Ph. U. S.) (yellow bark, ; alcohol, 
Oiiiss; water, Oj ; glycerin and diluted alcohol, q. s. to 
make Oivss, which are evaporated); dose, gr. x-xx. 
E. cincho'nae flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract 
of cinchona (yellow cinchona, ; glycerin, 
alcohol and water, q. s, to make Oiij); dose is 
414 
EXTRACTUM 
It is also officinal in the Ph. Br. E. 
cincho'nae pal'lidae may be prepared in the same 
manner as E. cinchonae. E. cincho'nae resino'sum, 
E. cincho'nae lancifo'liae, E. cincho'nae ru'brae resi- 
no'sum, or E. cincho'nae resi'nae, Resinous extract 
of bark. The aqueo-spirituous extract contains both 
the extractive and resin of the bark ; dose, gr. x-xxx. 
E. cinchonae rubrae may be prepared like Extractum 
cinchonae. E. co'cae liq'uidum, liquid extract of 
coca; see E. erythroxyli fluidum. E. col'chici, Ex- 
tract of colchicum, officinal in the Ph. B.; dose, half 
a grain to two grains. E. col'chici ace'ticum, Ace- 
tous or Acetic extract of colchicum (colchic. rad., acid, 
acet., aqua); dose, gr. j to gr. iij. E. col'chici radi'cis 
(Ph. U. S.), Extract of colchicum root (colchicum root, 
,5xvj ; acetic acid, water, ; evaporate); 
dose, gr. i-ij. E. col'chici radi'cis flu'idum (Ph. 
U. Fluid extract of colchicum root (colchicum 
root, 3I; alcohol, water, aa q. s. to make Oiij); dose, 
ffijj-v. E. col'chici sem'inis flu'idum (Ph. U. 8.), 
Fluid extract of colchicum seed (colchicum seed, 3]; 
alcohol and water, aa q. s. to make Oiij); dose, 
E. colocyn'thidis (Ph. U. S), Extract of 
colocynth (colocynth, §xvj ; diluted alcohol, q. s.); 
cathartic in the dose of from gr. v to gss. E. colo- 
cyn'thidis alcohol'icum, alcoholic extract of colo- 
cynth, E. colocynthidis. E. colocyn'thidis com- 
pos'itum (Ph. U. S), Compound extract of colocynth (ex- 
tract of colocynth, §viij ; Socotrine aloes, ; 
resin of scammony, vij ; cardamom, §iij ; soap, ; 
alcohol, f ; active cathartic, and used in ob- 
stinate visceral obstructions, etc.; dose, gr. vj to xxx. 
It is also officinal under the same name in the Ph. 
Br. E. coni'i (Ph. Br.), Extract of hemlock, E. of co- 
nium. Prepared like extract of aconite; employed 
in the same cases as conium; dose, gr. iij to x; 
see Succus conii. E. coni'i alcohol'icum (Ph. U. S.), 
Alcoholic extract of hemlock, A. e. of conium (coni- 
um, ; diluted hydrochloric acid, f 3iij ; glycerin, 
diluted alcohol, aa q. s. to make Oiij); dose, gr. ss-j. 
A Fluid extract of hemlock, Extractum conii fluidum, 
is officinal (Ph. U. 8.) (conium fruit, 3I; diluted hy- 
drochloric acid, f ; diluted alcohol, q. s. to make 
Oiij); dose, Fluid extract of conium, Extractum 
conii fructAs fluidum, was in the U. S. Ph. (1873). 
E. convol'vuli jala'pae, E. jalapae. E. cor'nus flu'i- 
dum (Ph. IL 8.), Fluid extract of cornus or dog- 
wood (cornus §1; glycerin, f ; diluted alcohol, 
q. s. to make Oiij); dose, htxxx. E. cor'ticis 
Peruvia'ni, E. cinchonae. E. flu'idum (Ph. 
U. S.), Fluid extract of cubebs (cubeb, ; alcohol, q. s. to 
make Oiij); dose, E. cypripe'dii flu'idum 
(Ph. U. S.) (cypripedium, ,5!; alcohol, q. s. to make 
Oiij); dose, E. digita'lis (Ph. U. S.), Extract 
of digitalis, E. of foxglove (digitalis, ; alcohol, Oij, 
f^iv; water, Oj ; glycerin, diluted alcohol, q. s. to 
makeOiij, and evaporate); dose, gr. |. E. digita'lis 
alcohol'icum, Alcoholic extract of digitalis; E. digi- 
talis. E. digita'lis flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid ex- 
tract of digitalis (digitalis, Sjl; alcohol and water, 
aa q. s. to make Oiij); dose, TTjj-ij. E. dulcama'rae, 
Extract of bittersweet, E. of dulcamara (prepared by 
percolation, by means of diluted alcohol, from bitter- 
sweet in moderately fine powder); dose, E. 
dulcama'rae flu'idum (Ph. IL 8.), Fluid extract of 
bittersweet or dulcamara (dulcamara, diluted alco- 
hol, q. s. to make Oiij); dose, ttl,xx-xxx. E. elate'- 
rii, Elaterium, Extract of elaterium (fecula of expressed 
juice of the fruit of Momordica elaterium); vio- 
lently cathartic, hydragogue, and sometimes emetic; 
dose, gr. ss. E. er'gotae (Ph. IL S.), ergotinum (fluid 
extract of ergot, to make §iij, gr. 88, by 
evaporation); used hypodermically and for sup- 
positories; dose, internally, in capsules, gr. v-x. E. 
er'gotae flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), fluid extract of ergot 
(ergot diluted hydrochloric acid, f iij ; alcohol, 
water, aa q. s. to make Oiij); dose, 
Liquid extract, Extractum ergotie liquidum, is in the 
Ph. Br. E. erigeron'tis Canaden'sis flu'idum, Fluid 
extract of Canada erigeron, was in the U.S. Ph. (1873). 
E. erythrox'yli flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), fluid extract of EXTRACTUM 
erythroxylon or coca (erythroxylon, §1; diluted al- 
cohol, q. s. to make Oiij); dose, htxx-fgj. Prep- 
aration of the same name is officinal in the Ph. Br. 
E. eucalyp'ti flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), fluid extract of 
eucalyptus (eucalyptus, §1; alcohol, q. s. to make 
Oiij); dose, E. euon'ymi (Ph. U. S.), extract 
of euonymus (euonymus, §xvj ; glycerin, diluted al- 
cohol, aa q. s. to make Oiij ; evaporate); dose, gr. i-iij. 
E. eupato'rii flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), fluid extract of 
eupatorium (eupatorium, §1; diluted alcohol, q. s. 
to make Oiij); dose, E. fil'icis aethe'- 
reum, see Polypodium, filix mas. E. fil'icis liqui'dum 
(Ph. Br.), see Polypodium filix mas. E. fran'gulse 
flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), fluid extract of frangula (fran- 
gula, ; alcohol, water, aa q. s. to make Oiij); dose, 
E. gelsem'ii alcohol'icum (Ph. Br.), alco- 
holic extract of gelsemium (gelsemium, lb. j ; rectified 
spirit, distilled water, q. s. to make Oij ; evaporate); 
dose, gr. ss. E. gelsem'ii flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid 
extract of gelsemium or yellow jasmine (gelsemium, 
§1; alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); dose, BLi-ij. E. 
genis'tae cacu'minum, Extract of broom tops; diu- 
retic and stomachic; dose, gss to £j. E. gentia'nae, 
E. gentia'nae lu'teae, or E. radi'cis gentia'nse, Ex- 
tract of gentian. Evaporated decoction (Ph. U. S.) 
(gentian, ; water, fgvjss; macerate with ad- 
ditional water, boil, and strain); dose, gr. v. It is 
also officinal in the Br. Ph. E. gentia'nae flu'idum 
(Ph. U. S.), fluid extract of gentian (gentian, 
diluted alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); dose, > 
properties like those of gentian. E. gera'nii 
flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of geranium (ge- 
ranium, 31! glycerin, f(5vj ; diluted alcohol, 
q. s. to make Oiij); dose, ITLxxx-fgj. E. glycyr- 
rhi'zae (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Spanish juice, Italian juice, 
Black sugar, Extract of glycyrrhiza or licorice (evap- 
orated decoction). Extract of root of Glycyrrhiza 
glabra ; demulcent, taken ad libitum; used in phar- 
macy to give consistence to pills and troches, and to 
correct taste of medicine. Refined licorice, sold in 
form of cylinders, is made by gently evaporating a 
solution of pure extract of licorice with half its 
weight of gum arabic, rolling the mass and cutting 
it into lengths, and then polishing by rolling them 
together in a box. E. glycyrrhi'zae fluidum (Ph. U. 
S.), Fluid extract of glycyrrhiza or licorice (glycyr- 
rhiza, water of ammonia, diluted alcohol, aa q. 
s. to make Oiij); adjuvant in prescriptions, and con- 
venient form of giving licorice. It is also an officinal 
preparation of the Ph. Br. E. glycyrrhi'zae pu'rum 
(Ph. U. S.), pure extract of glycyrrhiza or licorice 
(glycyrrhiza, §xvj ; water of ammonia, dis- 
tilled water, Oiij ; evaporate). E. gossyp'ii flu'idum 
(Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of cotton root (cotton root, 
31; glycerin, alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); 
dose,hLxxx_f5j• E. gram'inis, extact of grass; pre- 
pared from .Triticum repens; considered by Ger- 
mans a mild tonic, and used especially in con- 
valescence from fever. E. grinde'liae flu'idum (Ph. 
U. S.), fluid extract of grindelia (grindelia, ; alco- 
hol, water, aa q. s. to make Oiij); dose, hl_,xxx-f3j. 
E. guaranae' flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), fluid extract of 
guarana (guarana, £1; alcohol, water, aa q. s. to make 
Oiij); dose, E. haematox'yli (Ph. U. S.), E. 
heematoxyli Campechiani or Scobis hsematoxyli, Extract 
of logwood (haematoxylon, ; water, Ox ; macerate, 
boil, evaporate); astringent; dose, gr. x-xxx. It is 
also an officinal preparation of the Ph. Br. E. hama- 
mel'idis flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), fluid extract of hama- 
melis (hamamelis, 1; alcohol, water, aa q, s. to make 
Oiij); dose, tr(,xxx. E. helleb'ori or helleb'ori 
ni'gri, Extract of black hellebore; evaporated decoc- 
tion. In large doses, cathartic; in smaller, diuretic 
and emmenagogue; dose, as cathartic, gr. x to xx; 
as emmenagogue, gr. iij to x. E. helleb'ori alco- 
hol'icum, Alcoholic extract of black hellebore; prepared 
from black hellebore, in coarse powder, like the ex- 
tractum aconiti of the Ph. U. S.; dose like the last. 
E. hu'muli, Extract of hops. It is tonic and anodyne. 
Dose, gr. v to £j. E. hydras'tis flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), 
Fluid extract of hydrastis (hydrastis, ,5!; alcohol, 
415 
EXTRACTUM 
water, aa q. s. to make Oiij); dose, E. hyos- 
cy'ami (Ph. Br.), Extract of hyoscyamus or henbane; 
prepared from fresh leaves, flowering tops, and young 
branches of henbane in same manner as extract of 
aconite; dose, gr. i-ij. Narcotic. E. hyoscy'ami 
alcohol'icum, Alcoholic extract of hyoscyamus or hen- 
bane (hyoscyamus, ; alcohol, Oi.j, f/jiv; water, 
Oj ; diluted alcohol, q. s. to makeOiij, by percolation 
and evaporation); dose, gr. j. E. hyoscy'ami flu'i- 
dum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of hyoscyamus or henbane 
(hyoscyamus, alcohol, water, aa q. s. to make 
Oiij); dose, hfiv. E. igna'tiae alcohol'icum, Alco- 
holic extract of ignatia, E. ignatiae, Extract of ignatia 
(ignatia exhausted by alcohol in a percolator, and the 
solution evaporated to a proper consistence); dose, 
half a grain to a grain. E. ipecacuan'hse 
(Ph. U. S.), Extract of ipecacuanha (ipecac, 3I; alco- 
hol, water, aa q. s. to make Oiij); dose as expec- 
torant, n^v-x; emetic, hbxv-xxx. E. i'ridis (Ph. U. 
S.), extract of iris (iris, ; alcohol, Oiiss ; water, 
f ij xij ; diluted alcohol, q. s., by percolation and 
evaporation); dose, gr. i-ij. E. i'ridis flu'idum (Ph. 
U. S.), fluid extract of iris (iris, §1; alcohol, water, 
q. s. to make Oiij); dose, E. jaboran'di (Ph. 
Br.), from jaborandi by maceration with proof spirit 
and distilled water, percolation, and evaporation; 
dose, gr. ij. E. jala'pse (Ph. Br.), Extract of jalap. 
A spirituous tincture distilled, and an aqueous de- 
coction evaporated; the residua being mixed to- 
gether. Cathartic and hydragogue. Eeplaced by 
Abstractum jalapse (Ph. U. S.). Dose, gr. x to xx. E. 
jala'pse resino'sum, Resin or Resinous extract of jalap 
(made by exhausting jalap powder by percolation by 
alcohol, throwing down the resin from the fluid by 
means of water, and drying the precipitate). Proper- 
ties like the last. E. juglan'dis (Ph. U. S.), Extract 
°f juglans or butternut (juglans, £xvj ; glycerin, al- 
cohol, aa q. s. to make Oiij, by maceration, perco- 
lation, and evaporation); dose, gr. v to x. E. 
junip'eri, Extract of juniper; preparation made by 
bruising juniper berries, macerating, filtering, and 
evaporating. E. krame'rise (Ph. U. S.), Extract of 
krameria or rhatany (krameria, §vxj ; water, 
by percolation and evaporation); dose, gr. x-xx. 
It is also an officinal preparation of the Ph. Br. E. 
krame'riae flu'idum (Ph. U. S.) Fluid extract of kra- 
meria or rhatany (krameria, 5I; glycerin, f viiss ; 
diluted alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); dose, ITLx-xxx. 
E. lactu'cse (Ph. Br.), Extract of lettuce; prepared, 
from flowering herb of lettuce exactly as extract of 
aconite is prepared; narcotic and diaphoretic; dose, 
gr. iij to gr. x. An extract is sometimes made from 
the juice of the wild lettuce, Lactuca virosa, which 
is regarded as diuretic. E. lactuca'rli flu'idum (Ph. 
U. S.), Fluid extract of lactucarium (lactucarium, 
ether, Oj ; alcohol, water, aa q. s. to make 
dose, 1TLv-xx. E. leptan'drae (Ph. U. 8.), 
Extract of leptandra (leptandra, ; alcohol, Oij, 
f ,5i v; water, Oj ; glycerin, diluted alcohol, aa q. s. 
to make Oiij, by maceration, percolation, and evap- 
oration) ; dose, gr. v-x. E. leptan'drae flu'idum (Ph. 
U. S.), Fluid extract of (leptandra, 3I; 
glycerin, f jyvss; diluted alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); 
dose, Htxx-f5j. E. lobe'liae flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), 
Fluid extract of lobelia (lobelia, §1; diluted alcohol, 
q. s. to make Oiij); dose, as expectorant, TfiJ-v; 
as emetic, htx-xx- E. lu'puli (Ph. Br.), E. humuli. 
E. lupuli'nae flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of 
lupulin (lupulin, alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); 
dose, tn x. E. mal'ti (Ph. U. 8.), Extract of malt 
(malt, ; water, Oxxv, by maceration, digestion, 
and evaporation); dose, Sj-iij. E. mar'tis ace'ti- 
cum, ferri acetas. E. mati'co flu'idum (Ph.U. S.), 
Fluid extract of matico (matico, §1; glycerin, 
f£vj ; alcohol, water, aa q. s. to make Oiij); dose, 
n\xxx-f5j. E. meze'rei (Ph. U. 8.), Extract of me- 
zereum (mezereum, §xvj ; alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij, 
by maceration and percolation, and afterward evap- 
orate. The Br. Ph. has an ethereal extract of 
mezereon, Extractum mezerei aether eum, made from me 
zereon bark by maceration and distillation with recti- EXTRACTUM 
fled spirit and ether, then evaporating. These extracts 
are used as irritant dressings to issues and blistered 
surfaces. E. meze'rei flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid 
extract of mezereon (mezereum, alcohol, q. s. to 
make Oiij). E. nu'cis vom'icse, Extract of nux vom- 
ica ; made by maceration of nux vomica with alcohol 
and water, percolation, and evaporation. The abstract 
(Abstractum nucis vomicse, Ph. U. S.) is to be preferred. 
Dose of the extract is half a grain to a grain or grain 
and a half. It is also an officinal preparation of the 
Ph. Br. E. nu'cis vom'icse flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), 
Fluid extract of nux vomica (nux vomica, §1; alcohol, 
water, aa q. s. to make three pints); dose, tT(jij-v. 
See Strychnos nux vomica. E. o'pii (Ph. U. S.), Ex- 
tract of opium (opium, water, Oviiss; glycerin, 
q. s., by maceration and filtration, and subsequent 
evaporation); dose, gr. ss-j. It is also an officinal 
preparation of the Ph. Br. E. o'pii aquo'sum 
or gummo'sum, Extract or Watery extract of opium. 
A watery solution defecated and evaporated; 
dose, gr. ss to gr. j. A Fluid extract of opium, 
Extractum opii liquidum, is officinal in the Ph. Br. E. 
panchymago'gum, drastic medicine composed of 
colocynth, senna, black hellebore root, agaric, scam- 
mony, extract of aloes, and powder of diarrhodon. 
E. papav'eris (Ph. Br.) or papav'eris al'hi or 
papav'eris somnif'eri, Extract of white poppy. It 
possesses nearly the same virtues as opium, but 
is much weaker. Dose, gr. ij to v. E. parei'rse 
(Ph. Br.), Extract of pareira brava. Prepared 
like extractum luematoxyli; dose, ten to thirty 
grains. E. parei'rse flu'idumjPh. U. S.), Fluid ex- 
tract of pareira brava (pareira, .5!; glycerin, f^viiss; 
diluted alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); dose, The 
Ph. Br. contains an Extractum pareirse liquidum. Dose, 
E. physostig'matisjl'h. IL S.), Extract of Cala- 
bar bean (physostigma, > alcohol, q. s. to make 
Oiij; evaporated); dose, gr. It is also of- 
ficinal in the Ph. U. S. E. pilocar'pi flu'i- 
dum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of pilocarpus (pilocar- 
pus, §1; diluted alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); dose, 
E. pi'peris flu'idum, Oleoresina piperis, 
Fluid extract of black pepper, Oleoresin of black pepper 
(black pepper exhausted by ether through percola- 
tion, the solution evaporated, and the piperin in crys- 
tals separated by expression); dose, HL j-v. E. podo- 
phyl'li (Ph. U. S.), Extract of podophyllum or may apple 
(podophyllum, §xvj ; alcohol, water, q. s. to make Ov; 
evaporate); dose, gr. j-iij, as a cathartic. E. podo- 
phyl'li flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of podophyl- 
lum (podophyllum, alcohol, water, q. s. to make 
Oiij); dose, hlv-x. E. pru'ni Virginian'se flu'idum 
(Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of wild-cherry bark (wild 
cherry, §1; diluted alcohol, glycerin, water, each q.s. 
to make. Oiij); dose, hbxxx-fSj- E. pur'gans, see 
Hedera helix. E. quas'sise (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Extract 
of quassia (quassia, ; glycerin, water, aa q. s., by 
percolation and evaporation); dose, as a tonic, five 
grains and more. E. quas'sise flu'idum (quassia, §1; 
diluted alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); dose, TtRv-ix. E. 
querceta'ni, E. colocynthidis compositum. E. quer'- 
cus cor'ticis, Extract of oak bark (the decoction evap- 
orated) ; astringent and tonic. E. qui'niaa, Extract 
of quinia (made by evaporating the liquor poured 
off the crystals of sulphate of quinia to the consist- 
ence of a pilular mass). Twenty-four grains will 
generally arrest an intermittent. E. rham'ni fran'- 
gulse (Ph. Br.), from Rhamnus frangula bark, 
by maceration, percolation, and evaporation. E. 
rham'ni fran'gulse liq'uidum, preparation of Ph. 
Br.; dose, f,5j-iij. E. rhe'i (Ph. U. S.), Extract 
of rhubarb, Alcoholic extract of rhubarb; made 
by moistening powdered rhubarb in water and 
alcohol by percolation and evaporation; uses 
like those of the powdered root; dose, gr. x-xxx. 
It is also officinal in Ph. Br. E. rhe'i flu'idum (Ph. 
U. S.), Fluid extract of rhubarb (rhubarb, §1; alcohol, 
water, each q. s. to make Oiij); dose, Hbxx-xxx, as a 
purgative. E. rho'is glab'rse flu'idum~(Ph. U. S.), 
Fluid extract of rhus glabra (rhus glabra §1; glycerin, 
1'5 iij, f.5vj ; diluted alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); used 
416 
EXTRACTUM 
as addition to mouth-washes, gargles, etc. E. ro'sse 
flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of rose (red rose, ,^1; 
glycerin, f3vj ; diluted alcohol, q. s. to make 
Oiij); dose, E- ru'bi flu'idum (Fluid extract 
of rubus or blackberry (rubus, §1; glycerin, f^viiss; al- 
cohol, water, q. s. to make Oiij) ; dose 
E. Ru'dii, Extract of Radius (colocynth, agaric, 
scammony, roots of black hellebore and jalap, Soc- 
otrine aloes, cinnamon, mace, cloves, and alcohol); 
see Pilulse aloes et colocynthidis. E. ru'tae, E. ru'tse 
graveolen'tis, or E. foiio'rum ru'tse, Extract of rue 
(decoction evaporated); tonic, stomachic; dose, gr. 
x-xx. E. sabi'nse flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract 
of savine (savine, 3I; alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); 
dose, hbiij-vj. E. sabi'nse foiio'rum, Extract of savine 
(decoction evaporated); tonic; dose, gr. x-xxx. E. 
sanguina'rise flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of 
sanguinaria (sanguinaria, §1; alcohol, q. s. to make 
Oiij); dose, n\iij-v. E. san'guinisbovi'ni, seeBlood. E. 
sar'sae liq'uidum (Ph. Br.), see E. sarsaparillse fluidum. 
E. sarsaparil'lse, Extract of sarsaparilla. A strained 
decoction evaporated; virtues the same as those of 
the powdered root; dose, gr. x to 3j- E. sarsaparil'- 
Ise compos'itum flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Extraction sar- 
saparillse fluidum compositum, E. sarsse liquidum, E. sar- 
sse fluidum, Compound fluid extract of sarsaparilla, Ex- 
tractum sarsaparillse fluidum, Fluid extract of sarsapa- 
rilla (sarsaparilla, ; glycyrrhiza, §vj ; sassa- 
fras bark, mezereum, glycerin, ; 
alcohol, water, each q. s. to make Oiij); dose, 
f3j. E. sarsaparil'lse flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid 
extract of sarsaparilla (sarsaparilla, §1-; glycerin, 
f3vj ; alcohol, water, each q. s. to make Oiij). 
The Ph. B. has an Extractum sarsse liquidum, Liquid 
extract of sarsaparilla. E. satur'ni, Gou'lard's, liquor 
plumbi subacetatis. E. scammo'nii, Extract of scam- 
mony, Resina scammonii (Ph. U. S.), Scammonise resina 
(Ph. B). Eesinous cathartic principle of scammony 
obtained from scammony root by means of alcohol. 
E. scil'lse, Extract of squill. An alcoholic extract of 
squills. E. scil'lae flu'idum, Fluid extract of squill 
(squill, §1; alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); dose, Tlhij-iij. 
E. sco'bis haematox'yli, E. hsematoxyli. E. scutei- 
la'rise flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of Scutel- 
laria (scutellaria, gl; alcohol, water, each q. s. to 
make Oiij); dose, Phxxx-f3j. E. sen'egse alcohol'- 
icum, Alcoholic extract of senega, E. senegse, Extract of 
seneka (prepared by displacement from senega and 
diluted alcohol, the tincture being evaporated to the 
proper consistence); dose, gr. v to x. E. sen'egae 
flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of seneka (senega, 
; water of ammonia, f§j ; alcohol, water, each 
q. s. to make Oiij). E. sen'nse flu'idum (Ph. U. 
S.), Fluid extract of senna (senna, 3I; alcohol, water, 
each q. s. to make Oiij); dose, f<5j-iv. E. ser- 
penta'riae flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of 
serpentaria (serpentaria, §1; alcohol, water, each 
q. s. to make Oiij); dose, ffixx-xxx. E. spige'liae 
flu'idum, Fluid extract of spigelia (spigelia, ; 
diluted alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); adult dose, f3j-ij. 
E. spige'lise et sen'nse flu'idum, Fluid extract of 
spigelia and senna; mixture of the fluid extracts of 
spigelia and senna, carbonate of potassium, and oils 
of anise and caraway; dose, f3j- E. stillin'giae 
flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of stillingia (stillin- 
gia, diluted alcohol, q. s. to make Oiij); dose, 
E. stramo'nii alcohol'icum, Alcoholic ex- 
tract of stramonium, was officinal in Ph. U. S., 1863. 
These extracts are used as narcotics in asthma 
and other spasmodic affections. E. stramo'nii flu'- 
idum (Ph. U. S.), fluid extract of stramonium (stra- 
monium seed, ,^1; alcohol, water, each q. s. to make 
Oiij); dose, ntj-ij. E. stramo'nii foiio'rum, Extract 
or Alcoholic extract of stramonium or of stramonium 
leaves. The expressed juice inspissated. Extractum 
stramonii seminis (Ph. U. S., 1873), Extract of stramo- 
nium seed, was made from the powdered seed by 
means of diluted alcohol, with the aid of the perco- 
lator, the solution being evaporated. The officinal 
Extractum stramonii (Ph. U. S.) is made by moisten- 
ing powdered stramonium seed with diluted alcohol, EXTRADURAL 
percolation, and evaporation; dose, gr. It is 
officinal in the Ph. Br. E. styra'cis, see Styrax. E. 
tarax'aci, JE. herbse et radicis taraxaci, Extract of 
dandelion. The strained juice evaporated; deob- 
struent, laxative, and diuretic; dose, gr. xx-xxx. 
It is also officinal in the Ph. Br. E. tarax'aci 
flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of taraxacum 
(taraxacum, ; alcohol, water, each q. s. to make 
Oiij); dose, foj-ij. E. theba'icum, E. opii. E. 
trit'ici flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of triti- 
cum (triticum, 3I; alcohol, water, each q. s. to make 
Oiij); dose, E. u'vse ur'si, Extract of uva 
ursi. The decoction evaporated; dose, gr. v to xxx. 
E. u'vse ur'si flu'idum, Fluid extract of uva ursi (uva 
ursi, glycerin, f.3vj ; diluted alcohol, q. s. 
to make Oiij ; dose, tTLxxx-f,5j. E. valerian'ae, Ex- 
tract of valerian. The expressed decoction evaporated. 
The virtues of the valerian being dependent upon its 
essential oil, this is an objectionable preparation. 
Dose, gr. x to 5j. E. valerian'ae alcohol'icum, Ex- 
tractum valerianse, Alcoholic extract of valerian, Extract 
of valerian (made from valerian, in fine powder, by 
percolation with diluted alcohol, and evaporation); 
dose, gr. iij to v. E. valerian'ae flu'idum, fluid ex- 
tract of valerian (valerian, ; alcohol, water, q. s. 
to make Oiij); dose, MYxxx-fSj- E. vera'tri vir'idis 
flu'idum (Ph. U. S.), Fluid extract of American veratrum 
viride or hellebore (veratrum viride, §1; alcohol, q. s. 
to make Oiij); dose, TT\_i-ij. E. vibur'ni flu'idum 
(Ph. U. S.), fluid extract of viburnum (viburnum, 
alcohol, water, each q. s. to make Oiij); dose, 
npxxx-fSj- E. xanthox'yli flu'idum, fluid extract 
of xanthoxylum (xanthoxylum, §1; alcohol, q. s. to 
make Oiij); dose, E. zingib'eris flu'- 
idum, Fluid extract of ginger (ginger, 5I; alcohol, 
q. s. to make Oiij) ; dose, 
Extradural, eks-trah-du'ral. Outside the dura 
mater. 
Extra-embryonic, eks-trah-em-bre-on'ik. Outside 
the embryo; term used to designate portions of the 
ovum not embraced in the embryo itself. 
Extralobular, eks-trah-lob'u-lar. Outside a lobule, 
as of the lung. 
Extramed'ullary. Outside the spinal cord, as 
lesions or hemorrhage occurring in such location. 
Extramural, eks-trah-mu'ral (murus, wall). Outside 
the wall, as of a vessel. E. inter'ment is burial out- 
side the city walls or limits. 
Extraneous, eks-tra'ne-us. Foreign or outside. E. 
bod'y, foreign body; any solid, liquid, or gaseous 
substance, inanimate or animate, proceeding from 
without or formed in the body, not constituting a 
part of it, but occupying in the substance of the 
textures, or in some of the cavities, a place foreign 
to it. 
Extra-ocular, eks-trah-ok'u-lar. Outside of the 
eye. 
Extra-orbital, eks-trah-or'bit-al. Outside of the 
orbit. 
Extra-organismal, eks-trah-or-gan-iz'mal. Outside 
of the organism. 
Extrapelvic, eks-trah-pel'vik. Outside the pelvis. 
Extraperitoneal, eks-trali-per-e-to-ne'al. Outside 
the peritoneum. 
Extrapolar, eks-trah-po'lar. Outside of the poles, 
as the electrodes of a battery. 
Extrarectus, eks-trah-rek'tus. External rectus mus- 
cle of the eye; also the pyramidalis abdominis. 
Extrarenal, eks-trah-re'nal. Situated to the outside 
of the kidney. 
Extrascapular, eks-trah-skap'u-lar. Situated out- 
side of the scapula. 
Extrastapedial, eks-trah-stap-e'de-al. Situated ex- 
ternally to the stapes. 
Extrastomachal, eks-trah-stum'ak-al. Occurring 
outside of the stomach; a term applied to digestion. 
Extrathoracic, eks-trah-tho-ras'ik. Outside the 
thorax. 
Extratriceps, eks-trah-tri'seps. External head of 
triceps muscle. 
Extra-uterine, eks-trah-u'ter-een. Outside the 
417 
EXUDATION 
uterus, as E. pregnancy, pregnancy in which the 
foetus is developed outside the uterus. 
Extravasation (eks-trav-a-sa'shun) or Extrava'sion 
(extra, rasa, vessels). Escape of a fluid from the ves- 
sels containing it, and infiltration or efl'usion of the 
fluid into the surrounding textures. Such fluid is said 
to be extravasated-urine, for example. Exudation. 
Hemorrhage. E. cysts, exudation cysts. 
Extravasatum, eks-trav-as-at'um. Extravasated 
fluid. 
Extravascular, eks-trah-vas'ku-lar (vasculum, ves- 
sel). Outside the vessels. 
Extravasion, eks-trav-a'shun. Extravasation. 
Extraventricular, eks-trah-ven-trik'u-lar. Outside 
the ventricle, as of the brain or heart. E. gan'glion, 
portion of corpus striatum outside the ventricle. 
Extravillous, eks-trah-vil'lus. Situated outside of a 
villus. 
Extravisceral, eks-trah-vis'er-al. Outside of the 
visceral arch. 
Extremitas, eks-trem'it-as. Extremity. E. acu'ta 
pancre'atis, extremity or tail of pancreas. E. duo- 
dena'lis pancre'atis, head of pancreas. E. liena'lis 
pancre'atis, E. acuta. E. obtu'sa pancre'atis, E. 
duodenalis. E. pelvi'na, lower extremity of man; 
posterior limbs of animals. E. thora'cica, upper ex- 
tremity of man; anterior limbs of animals. 
Extremity, eks-trem'it-e (extremus, outermost). End 
or termination. The limbs, as the upper and lower 
extremities. See Membrum and Extremitas. Last 
moments of life, as when we say a patient is " in ex- 
tremity." 
Extremum occiput, eks-tra'mum ok'sip-ut. See 
Occipital point. 
Extrinsic, eks-trin'sik (from without). That which 
comes from without. Muscles which surround certain 
organs and attach them to the neighboring parts, to 
distinguish them from the intrinsic muscles, which 
enter into the intimate composition of those organs. 
Thus, there are extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the 
tongue, ear, etc. 
Extrobliquus, eks-trob-le'kwus. External oblique 
muscle of the abdomen. 
Extroduction, eks-tro-duk'shun. Extraction car- 
ried out gently. 
Extrophy, eks'tro-fe. Exstrophy; extroversion. 
Extrorsal, eks-tror'sal. To the outside. 
Extrorsion, eks-tror'shun. Projection or protru- 
sion; growth or development of projections. 
Extroversio, eks-tro-vur'she-o (extra, verto, to turn). 
Eversion; exstrophy. 
Extrusion, eks-tru'zhun (ex, trudo, to thrust). 
Action of pushing or forcing out; expulsion. 
Extuberantia (eks-tu-ber-an'she-ah) or Extuberatio, 
eks-tu-ber-ah'she-o (ex, tuber, prominence). Protuber- 
ance. 
Extumefaction (eks-tu-me-fak'shun) or Extumes- 
cence, eks-tu-mes'sence (ex, tumeo, to swell, facio, to 
make). Swelling. 
Extusio, eks-tu'zhe-o (ex, tussis, cough). Cough 
with expectoration. 
Exuber, eks-u'bur (ex, ubera, breasts). Child which 
has been weaned. 
Exuberant, eks-u'ber-ant. Growing to excess, or 
having tendency to excessive growth. 
Exudate, eks'u-date. Material which has oozed out 
through the skin. Product of exudation. See Exu- 
dation. 
Exudation (eks-u-da'shun) or Exsuda'tion (ex, sudo, 
to sweat). Oozing of a material through the pores of 
a membrane. Also the material issuing in this man- 
ner. See Diapedesis, Exhalation, and Endosmose. Cuta- 
neous exudations are characterized by the presence, 
beneath the epidermis, of a fluid, as in vesicles, pus- 
tules, etc.; or by swelling of the skin, as in tubercles, 
papules, wheals, etc.; or by pigment-staining or 
desquamation of the cuticle-which are not the se- 
quelae of simple hypersemia. E. cells, see Corpuscles, 
exudation. E. cor'puscles, see Corpuscles, exudation. 
E. cysts, cysts containing extravasated blood, or 
fluids which have, exuded from the blood. EXUDATIVE 
Exudative, eks-u-da'tiv. Relating or appertaining 
to exudations. 
Exulceratio, eks-ul-sur-ah'she-o {ex, ulcus, ulcer). 
Ecthlimma, ulceration. E. a'ni, ulceration of the 
lower bowel, in the vicinity of the anus. E. intesti- 
no'rum, ulceration of the intestines. E. rec'ti, ulcer- 
ation of the rectum. E. u'teri, ulceration of the 
uterus. E. ventric'uli, ulceration of the stomach. 
Exulcera'tion. Ulceration. 
Exumbilicatio, eks-um-bil-ik-ah'she-o {ex, umbilicus, 
navel). Exomphalus. 
Exustio, eks-us'te-o {ex, uro, to burn). Cauteriza- 
tion. 
Exutorium, eks-u-to're-um {exuo, to draw or put 
out). Issue. See Fonticulus. 
Exutory, eks'u-to-re. Fonticulus. 
Exuviae, eks-u've-e. Parts shed or cast off. See 
Exuviation. 
Exuviation, eks-u-ve-a'shun {exuo, to put off). 
Shedding or casting off of parts, as epidermis, de- 
ciduous teeth, the skins of serpents, etc., which are 
hence called Exuviee. 
Eye. Immediate organ of vision, seated in the 
orbit, while its dependencies, tutamina oculi, occupy- 
ing the circumference of the cavity, include the eye- 
brows, the eyelids, cilia, glands of Meibomius, etc. 
The ball, globe, or bulb of the eye, bulbus oculi, is covered 
anteriorly by the tunica conjunctiva; is moved by 
six muscles, four straight, two oblique; and is consti- 
tuted of membranes, as the sclerotic, cornea, choroid, 
tunica Jacobi, retina, iris, hyaloid, and in the fcetus 
the membrana pupillaris; and of fluids, called 
humors or media, the aqueous, crystalline, and 
vitreous. The eyeball is invested with a membran- 
ous tunic separating it from the other structures of 
the orbit, and forming a smooth, hollow surface, by 
which its motions are facilitated. This investment 
has been called cellular capsule of the eye, ocular 
capsule, tunica vaginalis oculi, vaginal coat, and sub- 
muscular fascia of the eye. The vessels of the eye 
proceed from the ophthalmic artery. The nerves, ex- 
cept the optic, are chiefly furnished from the ophthal- 
mic ganglion. The fundus of the eye-fundus oculi- 
is the part lying behind the lens and vitreous humor, 
and embracing the entrance for the optic nerve, the 
retina, choroid, sclerotic, and blood-vessels. The fol- 
lowing are the dimensions, etc. of the organ, derived 
from the investigations of different authorities: 
Length of the antero-posterior 
diameter of the eye 0.91 in., or 2.31 cm. 
Vertical chord of the cornea . . 0.45 in., or 1.14 cm. 
Versed sine of the cornea . . . . 0.11 in., or 2.82 mm. 
Horizontal chord of the cornea . 0.47 in., or 1.19 cm. 
Size of pupil seen through the 
cornea0.27 to 0.13 in., or 6.92 to 3.33 mm. 
Size of pupil diminished by 
magnifying power of cornea, 
from0.25 to 0.12 in., or 6.41 to 3,07 mm. 
418 
I EYE 
Radius of anterior surface of 
crystalline 0.30 in., or 7.69 mm. 
Radius of posterior surface . . . 0.22 in., or 5.64 mm. 
Principal focal distance of lens . 1.73 in., or 4.4 cm. 
Distance of the centre of the op- 
tic nerve from the foramen 
centrale of Sommering .... 0.11 in., or 2.82 mm. 
Distance of the iris from the 
cornea 0.10 in., or 2.56 mm. 
Distance of the iris from the ante- 
rior surface of the crystalline 0.02 in., or 0.05 mm. 
Field of vision above a 
horizontal line, 50° . . . 
Field of vision below a 
horizontal line, 70° . . . 
120° 
Field of vision in a hori- 
zontal plane 
Diameter of the crystalline in a 
man above fifty years of age . 0.378 in., or 9.7 mm. 
Diameter of the cornea 0.400 in., or 1.02 cm. 
Thickness of the crystalline . . 0.172 in., or 4.41 mm. 
Thickness of the cornea .... 0.042 in., or 1.06 mm. 
E., accommoda'tion of, power possessed by the eye 
of adjusting itself for different distances, according 
as the object is remote or near, probably due to the 
alteration in the form of the crystalline lines from 
some action of the ciliary muscle; see Accommodation. 
E., ap'ple, see Melum. E., ap'ple of, the pupil. E., 
artifi'cial, eye manufactured to replace the natural 
eye when extracted; generally made of glass. E. 
ball, see Eye. E. b., anse'mic protru'sion of, see 
Exophthalmia. E. balm, Hydrastis Canadensis. E., 
black, see Ecchymoma. E. bright, Euphrasia officin- 
alis, Lobelia veronica. E. brow, supercilium. E., 
cat's, amaurotic; see Amaurotic. E., cel'lular cap'- 
sule of, see Eye. E., cylindrical, eye in which the 
rays of light entering the organ are refracted to a 
nearer focus in a vertical than in a horizontal plane. 
E. drop, tear. E. glass, glass, porcelain, or metallic 
vessel used for applying lotions to the eye. See Spec- 
tacles. E., gum of, sebaceous humor secreted mainly 
by the follicles of Meibomius, sometimes gluing the 
eyelids together. E. lashes, cilia. E. lid, see Palpe- 
bra. E. lid, gran'ular, trachoma. E., mel'on, see 
Melum. E. piece, part of microscope next the eye. 
E., pin'eal or epiphys'ial, rudimentary eye, situated 
in median line of the head, existing in some lizards. 
E., pu'rulent, ophthalmia, purulent, of infants. E. 
root, Bignonia ophthalmica. E., sight of, pupil. E. 
spec'ulum, instrument for separating the eyelids 
during operation. E. stone, shelly operculum of 
small Turbinidese, used to get foreign body out of 
the eye, being put into the inner corner under the 
eyelid, and working its way out at the outer corner, 
bringing foreign substances with it. E. teeth, canine 
teeth. E. of ty'phon, squills. E. vine, Bignonia oph- 
thalmica. E. wash, collyrium. E. wa'ter, collyrium. 
E. waiter, blue, liquor cupri ammoniati. E. wa'ter, 
corn'inon, liquor zinci sulphatis cum camphor!!. E., 
wa'tery, epiphora. E., white of, see Sclerotic. 
150° F 
419 
FACIES 
F. 
F. Abbreviation of Fahrenheit; also of Fac, make, 
or Fiat, let there be made. 
Faba, fab'ah (bean). Phaseolus, Vicia faba. F. 
Algypti'aca, Nymphaea nelumbo. F. ca'cao, cacao. 
F. Calabar'ica, physostigma. F. cathar'tica, Jatropha 
curcas. F. cras'sa, Sedum telephium. F. febrif'uga, 
Ignatia amara. F. grse'ca, Diospyros lotus. F. Ig- 
natia'na, Ignatia amara. F. Igna'tii, Ignatia amara. 
F. In'dica, Ignatia amara. F. ma'jor, Vicia faba. F. 
pechu'rei, pichurim beans. F. physostig'matis, phy- 
sostigma. F. pichu'rim, pichurim beans. F. purga'- 
trix, Eicinus communis. F. Sanc'ti Igna'tii, Ignatia 
amara. F. suil'la, hyoscyamus. F. vulga'ris, Vicia 
faba. 
Fab as, fa'be. Beans; hog-lice, once used medic- 
inally. F. puchu'ry, pichurim beans. 
Fabaria crassula, fab-ah're-ah kras'su-lah. Sedum 
telephium. 
Fabellae, fab-el'le (dim. of Faba, bean). Sesamoid 
bones in gastrocnemii tendons. 
Fabiana imbricata, fab-e-an'ah im-bre-kah'tah. 
Pichi; Chilian shrub, genus Solanacete; branches 
are used in vesical and urinary diseases. 
Fabianine, fab-e-an'een. Crystallizable alkaloid 
contained in Fabiana imbricata. 
Fabrica androgyna, fab-re'kah an-droj'iu-ah (an- 
drogynous make). Hermaphrodeity. 
Facaldina, fak-al-de'nah. Disease allied to syph- 
ilis and resembling tabes, which prevailed in an epi- 
demic form in Facalde, Austria, in the early part of 
the year 1800. 
Face {facies, face or visage). Anterior part of the 
head, formed of fourteen bones-the two superior 
maxillary, the two malar, the two ossa nasi, the two 
ossa inguis, the vomer, the two ossa spongiosa infe- 
riora, the two palate bones, and the inferior maxil- 
lary, without including the frontal portion of the os 
frontis and the thirty-two teeth, which may be con- 
sidered to form part of the face. Its numerous muscles 
are chiefly destined for the organs of sight, hearing, 
taste, and smell. Its arteries proceed from the ex- 
ternal carotid; its veins end in the jugular; its 
nerves originate immediately from the brain. 
The face experiences alterations in disease, being 
yellow in jaundice and pale and puffy in dropsy. 
Its expression varies according to the seat of irrita- 
tion, so that in infants, by attention to medical physi- 
ognomy, we can often detect the seat of disease. Hip- 
pocrates depicted so well the changes which the face 
experiences in long sickness, great evacuations, ex- 
cessive hunger, watchfulness, etc., threatening disso- 
lution, that the state has been called Facies Hippo- 
cratica, F. cadaverica, or F. tortualis. The nose is 
pinched; the eyes are sunken; the temples hollow; the 
ears cold and retracted; the skin of the forehead 
tense and dry; the complexion livid; the lips pen- 
dent, relaxed, and cold, etc. The face assumes a 
peculiar characteristic appearance in cholera, facies 
cholerica; in cancer, cancerous facies; in tuberculosis, 
tubercular facies. The term face is likewise given to 
an aspect of an organ, as superior face of the stomach. 
Face ache, facial neuralgia. F. a'gue, facial neur- 
algia. F. presentation, presentation of face of 
fcetus at os uteri in parturition. F. worms, come- 
dones. 
Facet, fas'et (dim. of Face). Small face. Small, 
circumscribed portion of the surface of a bone, as 
articular facet of a bone. 
Faceted, fas'et-ed. Having facets. 
Facial, fa'shal {facies, face). Belonging to, or con- 
nected with, the face. F. an'gle, see Angle, facial. 
F. ar'tery, Labial, Angular, or External maxillary ar- 
tery ; branch of the external carotid, rising beneath 
the digastricus and distributed to almost every part 
of the face. It furnishes the inferior palatal, sub- 
mental, superior labial, inferior labial, and dorsalis 
nasi. The external carotid artery has also been called 
facial artery. F. ar'tery, deep, internal maxillary 
artery. F. ar'tery, exter'nal, facial artery. F. ar'- 
tery, poste'rior, transverse facial artery. F. ax'is, 
median line projected from internal part of spheno- 
ethmoidal suture to alveolar point. F. canal', aque- 
duct of Fallopius. F. diam'eter, distance in foetus 
between frontal protuberance and point of chin; 
diameter of face of child or adult, taken from fixed 
points as standards. F. diple'gia, see Diplegia facialis. 
F. hemiat'rophy, rare nervous affection characterized 
by progressive atrophy of one side of the face. F. in'- 
dex, craniometrical ratio of breadth of the face to its 
length. F. line, line to determine general direction 
of the face, taken from different fixed points. F. loop, 
bend made by the facial nerve within the medulla 
oblongata. F. nerve, Portio dura of the seventh pair, 
Respiratory or motor nerve of the face ; arises from the 
inferior and lateral part of the tuber annulare, in the 
groove separating it from the medulla oblongata, 
external to the corpora olivaria, and by the side 
of the auditory nerve. It issues from the cranium 
by the meatus auditorius internus; enters the aque- 
duct of Fallopius; receives a branch of the Vidian 
nerve; forms a gangliform swelling-Intumescentia 
gangliformis; sends off filaments to the internal 
muscles of the malleus and stapes; makes its exit 
at the foramen stylo-mastoideum, and divides into 
two branches, the temporo-facial and cervico-facial. 
On the face it is termed Pes \ anserinus, Plexus ner- 
vorum anserinus. F. nu'cleus, nucleus in medulla 
oblongata from which facial nerve originates. F. nu'- 
cleus, acces'sory, nucleus in funiculus teres, floor 
of fourth ventricle. F. nu'cleus, supe'rior, por- 
tion of nucleus of abducent nerve transmitting fibres 
to the facial. F. paral'ysis, paralysis of parts to 
which the facial nerve is distributed. F. sur'face, 
part of the outer surface of the upper jaw-bone in 
front of the zygomatic process. F. trophoneuro'sis, 
F. hemiatrophy. F. vein arises between the skin and 
frontalis muscle, descends vertically toward the 
greater angle of the eye, afterward descends obliquely 
on the face, uniting with the temporo-maxillary vein 
to form the common facial vein. The latter discharges 
into the internal jugular vein. A deep facial vein 
comes from the pterygoid plexus to join the facial 
vein. 
Facia'lis. Facial. 
Faciecula, fas-e-ek'-u-lah (dim. of Facies). Facet. 
F. rena'lis, depression on the inferior surface of the 
liver made by the right kidney. 
Fa'cient {facia, to make). Making; suffix, as in 
Calefacient, Rubefacient, etc., making warm, making 
red. 
Facies, fas'-e-ees. Face, appearance. F. angula'ris 
u'vulse, angular crest of uvula of cerebellum. F. 
auricula'ris, auricular face or surface. F. cadaver'- 
ica, see Face. F. of can'cer, see Face. F. choler'- 
ica, choleric face. F. conca'va pedis, sole. F. exten- 
so'ria, face or surface for attachment of extensor 
muscles. F. flexo'ria, face or surface for attachment of 
flexor muscles. F. Hippocrat'ica, see Face and Agony. 
F., hyster'ical, facial expression, marked by depth and 
prominent fulness, with more or less thickness of up- 
per lip and peculiar drooping of the upper eyelids, 
supposed to be characteristic of hysteria. F. infe'rior 
pe'dis, sole. F. leonti'na, leprosy of the face. F. in 
mouth-breathers, dull, heavy expression of face ob- 
served in patients affected with nasopharyngeal 
obstruction. F., Parkinso'nian, mask-like expression 
of face observed in Parkinson's disease or paralysis 
agitans. F„ syphilit'ic, appearance of face of children 
suffering from congenital syphilis, which has a pre- 
maturely aged expression, F. tortua'lis, see Face. F. FACTITIOUS 
tuber'cular, see Face. F. uteri'na, altered appearance 
of face from continued uterine suifering. 
Factitious, fak-tish'us (facio, to make). Artificial; 
made by art, in opposition to what is natural or 
already existing in nature. Factitious mineral waters 
are artificial mineral waters. 
Facultas, fak'ul-tas. Faculty. F. auc'trix, plastic 
force. F. forma'trix, plastic force. F. nu'trix, plastic 
force. F. vegetati'va, plastic force. F. zod'tica, vital 
force. 
Facultates naturales, fak-ul-tat'ees nat-u-ral'ees 
(natural faculties). See Function (natural). 
Facultative, fak'ul-ta-tiv. Possessing the power of 
developing without the absence or presence of oxy- 
gen ; said of micro-organisms, as facultative bacteria. 
Faculties, affective, fak'ul-tees, af-fek'tiv. See Af- 
fective. 
Faculty, fak'ul-te. Potency, power, virtue (facio, 
to make); what can be made or done. Power of exe- 
cuting a function or act. The collection of intellectual 
faculties constitutes the understanding. Vital facul- 
ties are vital properties. Faculty also denotes the 
medical profession or a body of medical or other 
professors. 
Faecal, fe'kal. Stercoraceous. F. fis'tula, fistula 
of the intestines. F. retention, constipation. F. 
toxae'mia, condition occurring in puerperal women, 
accompanied with fever, rapid pulse, sweating, and 
general malaise, due to fecal accumulation in the 
intestines. 
Faeces (fe'sees) (pl. of Faex) or Fe'ces. Dregs; excre- 
ments! matter to be discharged from the bowels. The 
faeces consist of that portion of the food which has not 
been taken into the system by absorption, and is dis- 
charged from the body mixed with some of the prod- 
ucts of the biliary and intestinal secretions. The 
quantity passed depends on the nature of the food 
taken and on the energy of the digestive powers. A 
grown person in normal condition discharges from 
seven to nine ounces daily. An approximate analysis 
of the faeces of a healthy adult, by Simon, shows: 
Water 77.3 per cent. 
Mucin 2.3 " 
Proteids 5.4 " 
Extractives 1.8 " 
Fats . 1.5 
Salts . / I-** " 
Resinous, biliary, and coloring matters , ip5.2 " 
Insoluble residue of food 4.7 " 
F. indura'tae, hard fecal matter, discharged in lumps. 
Fsecos'itas. Feculence. 
Faecula, fe'ku-lah. Fecula. F. amyla'cea, starch. 
F. maran'tae, arrow root. F. tapio'ca, see Jatropha 
manihot. 
Faeculentia, fe-ku-len'she-ah. Feculence. 
Faenugraecum, fe-nu-gre'kum. Fenugreek. 
Faex, feeks. Feculence; see Faeces. F. sac'chari, 
treacle. 
Fagara octandra, fag-ah'rah ok-tan'drah (fagus, 
beech). Ord. Rutacese. Systematic name of plant 
which affords tacamahaca; resinous substance exuding 
from the tree tacamahaca, having a fragrant, delightful 
smell. It was formerly an ingredient in warm, stimu- 
lating plasters, and given internally like balsams 
generally. East India Tacamahac is yielded by Calo- 
phyllum inophyllum, Balsamaria inophyllum. The 
name Tacamahac is also given to resin from Populus 
balsamifera or tacamahaca, growing in northern 
parts of America and Siberia. F. piperl'ta, Japanese 
pepper, a native of Japan, possesses the qualities of 
pepper, and is used as such by the Japanese; also em- 
ployed as a rubefacient cataplasm. 
Fagarastrum Capense, fag-ar-as'trum kap-en'se. 
Nat. Ord. Xanthoxylese. S. African plant, fruit of 
which is known to the colonists as wild cardamom, 
prescribed in flatulency and paralysis. 
Fagonia (fag-o'ne-ah) mysorien'sis. Native of In- 
dia; possesses tonic, astringent, and diuretic prop- 
erties. 
Fagopyrum, fag-op'ir-um (fagus. beech, puros, 
wheat). Polygonum fagopyrum. 
420 
FALSE 
Fagrsea fragrans, fag-re'ah frah'grans. The bark 
of this Chinese tree, nat. ord. Loganiacese, is anti- 
pyretic. 
Fagus, fag'us. F. sylvatica. F. casta'nea, system- 
atic name of Chestnut tree, Jupiter's or Sardinian acorn, 
Common chestnut, ord. Cupuliferae. The Chestnut, Cas- 
tanea nut, is farinaceous and nutritious, but not easy of 
digestion; see Castanea vesca. F. c. pu'mila, Chincapin 
or Chinquapin, Castanea pumila ; the nut of this Amer- 
ican tree is eaten like the chestnut; bark, Castanea 
(Ph. U. S.), has been used in intermittents; the leaves 
of our indigenous chestnut tree are used in whooping 
cough in infusion. F. pu'mila, F. castanea pumila. 
F. purpu'rea, F. sylvatica. F. sylvat'ica, systematic 
name of the Beech. Beech-nut or Beech-mast; it aflbrds, 
by expression, a palatable oil, which is eaten in some 
places instead of butter; it has been used as a vermi- 
fuge. F. sylves'tris, F. sylvatica. 
Fahr. Abbreviation for Fahrenheit. See Ther- 
mometer. 
Faint. Weak; weakness; swooning; syncope. 
Faint'ing. Syncope. F. fe'ver, epidemic choleri- 
form fever which prevailed about fifty years ago in 
Asia. F. fit, syncope. 
Faint'ishness. See Syncope. 
Faint'ness. Languor; syncope. 
Faints. See Epilepsy. 
Fair-days ot Fair-grass. Potentilla anserina. 
Fai'ries' bath. Peziza coccinea. F. but'ter, Tre- 
mella albida. F. hair, Cuscuta epithymum. F. horse, 
Senecio Jacobma. F. pet'ticoats, Digitalis purpurea. 
F. ta'ble, Agaricus campestris. 
Fair-maids-of-France. Saxifraga, Achillea ptar- 
mica. 
Falcadina, falk-ad-e'nah. See Scherlievo. 
Falcate, fal'kate {falx, sickle). Shaped like a sickle; 
falciform. F. cartilages, falciform cartilages. 
Falces (fal'sees) (pl. of Falx) of the peritone'um, 
less'er. Triangular ligament of the liver; lateral 
ligaments of the liver and the reflections which the 
peritoneum forms, raised up by the umbilical arteries. 
Falcicula, fal-sik'u-lah. Falx cerebelli. 
Falciform, fal'si-form {falx, scythe, forma, shape). 
Having the shape of a scythe. See Falx and Sinus. 
F. bor'der, F. process. F. cartilages, semilunar car- 
tilages of the knee. F. constriction, sickle-shaped ap- 
pearance of the uterus from irregular contraction. F. 
expansion, lig'ament, orpro'cess of the fas'cia lata, 
scythe-shaped reflection of the fascia lata, forming, 
outward and upward, the opening for the vena sa- 
phrnna, and attached to the crural arch by its su- 
perior extremity, forming the anterior paries of the 
canal of the same name. F. lig'ament, suspensory 
or broad ligament of the liver; falciform expansion of 
the fascia lata. F. lobe, central part of the cerebral 
hemispheres. F. pro'cess, part of great sacro-sciatic 
ligament prolonged on ramus of ischium; falciform 
expansion of fascia lata; falx cerebri. 
Fall fe'ver. Fever, autumnal. F. poi'son, Amian- 
thium muscmtoxicum. 
Fallacia, fal-lah'se-ah {fallax, deceitful). Halluci- 
nation. F. op'tica, optic illusion. 
Falling of the bow'el. Prolapsus recti. F. sick'- 
ness, epilepsy. F. of the womb, prolapsus uteri. 
Fallopian (fal-lo'pe-an) arch. Poupart's ligament. 
F. canal', aqueduct of Fallopius. F. lig'ament, 
round ligament of uterus; Poupart's ligament. F. 
preg'nancy, tubal pregnancy or pregnancy occurring 
in the Fallopian tube. F. tube, see Tube, Fallopian. 
Fall'tranck. Literally, drink against falls. A vul- 
nerary mixture of aromatic and astringent plants 
growing chiefly in the Swiss Alps. A vulnerary beer 
was formerly prescribed in English country practice 
in inward bruises, called Cerevisia nigra or Black beer, 
formed by infusing certain herbs in beer or ale. 
Fal'sa vi'a. False passage. 
False {fallo, to deceive). Pseudo (in composition), 
Spurious, Bastard. Epithet added to peripneumony, 
pleurisy, etc., to designate a disease similar to it, but 
less severe, which is commonly a severe catarrh or 
pleurodynia. See Peripneumonia notha. F. aca'cia, FALSETTO VOICE 
Robinia pseudacacia, indigenous to the U. S. Bark is 
tonic and emeto-cathartic; flowers are narcotic. F. 
al'oe, Agave Virginica; root is laxative. F. an'eu- 
rism, see Aneurism. F. angustu'ra, bark of Strych- 
nos nux vomica. F. ankylo'sis, ankylosis without 
osseous union. F. a'nus, unnatural external outlet 
for the bowel. F. bit'tersweet, Celastrus scandens. 
F. concep'tion, mole. F. deliv'ery, false waters. F. 
germ, mole. F. glot'tis, cavity between the superior 
vocal cords. F. ipecacuan'ha, lonidium ipecacuan- 
ha. F. joint, pseudarthrosis. F. lig'aments, perito- 
neal folds connecting the bladder and contiguous 
organs. F. mea'sles, roseola, rotheln. F. mem'brane, 
exudation of fibrin on the surface of an organ, as the 
lung, the pharynx, etc. F. pains, pains resembling 
labor-pains, but not caused by contractions of the 
uterus. F. pas'sage, accidental passage made in sur- 
gical operations, and particularly in introducing the 
catheter, the latter being sometimes passed through 
into the rectum. F. pel'vls, see Pelvis. F. quar'ter, 
fissure in hoof of the horse. F. ribs, ribs that are not 
attached to the breast-bone. F. saf'fron, safflower. 
F. sarsaparilla, Aralia nudicaulis. F. spike'nard, 
Smilacina racemosa. F. su'ture, joint formed by 
rough surfaces. F. u'nicorn root, Chamselirium 
luteum. F. vale'rian, Senecio aurelius. F. ver'tebrae, 
lower vertebrae, forming sacrum and coccyx. F. vo'- 
cal cords, inferior vocal cords of the larynx. F. wa'- 
ters, water which sometimes collects between the am- 
nion and chorion or between the uterus and ovum, 
and is commonly discharged before the birth of the 
child. F. win'tergreen, Pyrola rotundifolia. 
Falset'to voice (I., dim. of Falso, false). See 
Voice. 
Falsification (falsus, false, facio, to make). Fraud- 
ulent imitation or alteration of an aliment or medi- 
cine. Adulteration; sophistication. Intentional ad- 
dition to an article, for purposes of gain or deception, 
of a substance or substances the presence of which 
is not acknowledged in the name under which the 
article is sold. 
Fal'tranck. Falltranck. 
Falx (scythe). Anatomical name for several mem- 
branous reflections having the shape of a falx or 
scythe. F. cerebel'li, triangular process of the dura 
mater opposite the internal occipital protuberance. 
Its base is attached to the middle of the tentorium, 
and its top or apex bifurcates, to proceed to the sides 
of the foramen magnum. Its convex surface is 
toward the cranium; its concave surface, in the 
fissure or groove separating the two lobes of the 
cerebellum. F. cer'ebri, Vertical superior longitudinal 
process. Greatest process of the dura mater, extend- 
ing from the fore to the hind part of the skull, on the 
median line; broad behind and narrow before, and 
lodged in the groove separating the hemispheres from 
each other-interlobular fissure. At its superior part 
is 'situated the superior longitudinal sinus; at its 
lower, corresponding to the edge of the scythe, the 
inferior longitudinal sinus. Its anterior extremity is 
attached to the crista galli; its posterior is continuous 
with the tentorium cerebelli, and contains the straight 
sinus. F. ligamento'sa, falciform process. F. ma'jor, 
falx cerebri. F. ml'nor, falx cerebelli. F. of the 
peritone'um, great, Falx of the umbilical vein. Sus- 
pensory ligament of the liver; reflection of the perito- 
neum, ascending from the umbilicus to the anterior 
and inferior surface of the liver. F. of the umbil'- 
ical vein, falx of the peritoneum, great. 
Famelica febris, fam-el'ik-ah feb'ris. Fever ac- 
companied with insatiable hunger. 
Famelicus, fam-el'ik-us (fames, hunger). Hungry. 
Fames, fam'ees. Hunger. F. bovi'na, boulimia. 
F. cani'na, boulimia. F. lupi'na (wolf hunger), 
boulimia, or depravation of the digestive functions, 
in which the patient eats voraciously, and passes his 
food afterward, per anum, imperfectly digested. 
Familiarica sella, fam-il-e-ar'ik-ah sel-lah (familia, 
household, sella, seat or stool). Close-stool. 
Fam/ily atax'ia. Paramyoclonus multiplex. F. 
diseases, hereditary diseases. 
421 
FARRE'S TUBERCLES 
Fam'ine fe'ver. Eelapsing fever. F. ty'phus, re- 
lapsing fever. 
Fanculum, fan'ku-lum. Anethum. 
Fan'cy mark. Nsevus. 
Fang of tooth. Part of tooth contained in an alveo- 
lus ; the larger teeth have several fangs. Tooth of 
venomous serpent for transmission of poison. 
Fan'tasm. Imaginary apparition or illusion of 
the senses. 
Fantas'ma. Phantasm. 
Fan'tom (phantasma, spectre). Phantom. Spectres 
and images which the imagination presents to the 
sick when asleep or awake. The figure called Man- 
nikin, Manikin, and Manakin, on which surgeons prac- 
tise the application of handages, or the accoucheur 
the manual part of midwifery-Phantoma obstetricium. 
A Fantom or Phantom tumor is one that forms-in the 
abdomen, for example-simulating organic disease, 
and occasionally exceedingly deceptive. 
Fa'rad (after Faraday). Unit of electrical capac- 
ity. 
Far'adic. Eelating or appertaining to faradization 
or electricity by induction; as F. battery, F. bath, F. 
current. 
Faradism, far'ad-izm. Faradization. 
Faradization, far-ad-i-za'shun (after Faraday, the 
celebrated physicist). Term proposed by Duchenne 
of Boulogne for electricity by induction, or the 
localized application, therapeutically, of induction 
currents, such as are instantaneously developed in 
metallic conductors under the influence of voltaic or 
magnetic currents, or even of the earth. 
Fara'do-punc'ture. Acupuncturation by a fara- 
dized needle. 
Farcimen (far-se'men), Farciminum (far-sim'in-um), 
or Farcinoma, far-sin-o'mah (farcio, to stuff). 
Equinia. 
Farciminalis (far-sim-in-al'is) membra'na or tu'- 
nica (farcimen, sausage). Allantois. 
Farcinous, far'sin-us. Eelating to, or affected with, 
farcy. F. poi'soning, equinia. 
Farctura, fark-tu'rah (farcio, to stuff). Operation 
of introducing medicinal substances into the cavities 
of animals or of fruits, which have been previously 
emptied. 
Farc'tus (stuffed). Obstructed. 
Farcy, far'se. See Equinia. F. buds, see Equinia. 
F. glan'ders, see Equinia. 
Far'del-bound. Disorder of the locomotor appara- 
tus in cattle-" staggers "-from overloading of third 
stomach. 
Far'fara or F. be'chium. Coltsfoot. See Tussilago. 
Farina, far-e'nah (far, corn or grain). Meal or 
flour; powder obtained by grinding the seeds of the 
gramineous, leguminous, and cucurbitaceous plants in 
particular. It is highly nutritious and much used, 
dietetically as well as medicinally. F. amygdala'- 
rum, see Amygdala. F. arena'cea, oatmeal; see 
Amylum. F. hor'dei, barley flour; see Amylum. F. 
li'ni, linseed or flaxseed meal. F. ory'zse, rice flour. 
F. seca'lis, rye flour or meal; see Amylum. F. trit'- 
ici, wheaten flour; see Amylum. 
Farinaceous, far-in-a'shus. Mealy; having the ap- 
pearance or nature of farina or containing farina. 
The term Farinacea includes all substances called 
Cerealia, Legumina, etc., containing farina and em- 
ployed as nutriment. In pathology the epithet Farin- 
aceous is applied to eruptions in which the epidermis 
exfoliates in small particles similar to farina. 
Fari'naa (pl. of Farina) resolven'tes. Mixture of 
the farina of four different plants, Lupinus albus, Er- 
vum ervilia, Vida faba, and Hordeum distichum; recom- 
mended to form cataplasms. 
Farinosus. Farinaceous. 
Far'kleberry. Vaccinium arboreum. 
Farm'ery. Hospital. 
Far-point. Punctum remotum. Farthest point of 
accommodation to which the eye can adjust itself, 
denoted by symbol E; this varies in different condi- 
tions of the eye from infinity to a negative distance. 
Farre's tu'bercles. Cancerous nodules occurring FARRIER 
on the surface of the liver in secondary cancer of that 
organ. 
Far'rier {ferrum, iron). One who shoes horses, but 
sometimes applied to one who cares for the ailments 
of horses. 
Farsightedness. See Presbytia and Hypermetropia. 
Fartu'ra. Farctura. 
Far'tus (farcio, to stuff). Obstructed. 
Fascia, fash'e-ah (band). A bandage, fillet, roller, 
or ligature; aponeurotic expansion of muscles bind- 
ing parts together. Sheaths of muscles, vessels, and 
nerves are made up of fascia. See F, superficial, 
F., deep, etc. F. adipo'sa, adipose capsule (of kid- 
ney). F., a'nal, F., ischio-rectal. F. anoperinea'lis, 
perineal fascia. F., antibrach'ial, antibrachial apon- 
eurosis. F. aponeurot'ica, F., deep. F. a. fem'oris, 
F. lata aponeurosis. F., ax'illary, axillary fascia. 
F., bicip'ital, aponeurosis of biceps muscle. F., 
brach'ial, brachial aponeurosis. F., broad, F. lata. 
F., buc'cal, buc'cinator, or buc'co-pharynge'al, thin 
fascia covering buccinator muscle and pharynx. F. 
bul'bi, see Capsule of Bonnet. F. capita'lis, double- 
headed roller passing over the head and enveloping it 
like a cap; capelina. F. cap'itis, bandage for the head 
in case of headache. F., ceph'alo-pharynge'al, upper 
part of pharyngeal aponeurosis attached to bones of 
the head. F., cer'vical, cervical fascia. F., clavipec'- 
toral, costo-coracoid membrane. F. of CoVles, see Peri- 
neal fascia. F. col'li pro'pria, deep cervical fascia. F. 
Coop'eri, F. transversalis. F., cor'aco-clavic'ular or 
cor'aco-pec'toral, costo-coracoid membrane. F. coro- 
na'lis ante'rior, muscular fibres of anterior wall of the 
heart from the left to the right auricular appendage. 
F. cos'to-coracoi'dea, costo-coracoid membrane. F., 
cremas'teric, see Cremaster. F., crib'riform or crib- 
ro'sa, sieve-like portion of the fascia lata, so called from 
its being pierced by numerous openings for the passage 
of lymphatic vessels. F. cru'ris or cru'ral, fascia 
of leg, superficial and deep. F., deep, fibrous tissue, 
not superficial, in membranous expansions. F. den- 
ta'ta or denticula'ta, band of gray matter seen be- 
neath the tenia hippocampi on raising it up, which 
runs along the inner border of the cornu ammonis; 
crenated by transverse furrows. F. digita'lis, gantelet; 
finger bandage. F., diophthal'mic, bandage applied 
over both eyes. F. div'idens, dividing bandage. F., 
dor'sal, vertebral fascia; also fascia covering dorsum 
of fingers and toes. F. en'do-abdomina/lis or endo- 
gas'trica, transversalis fascia. F. endopelvi'na, sub- 
peritoneal fascia of pelvis. F. endothora'cica, inter- 
nal fascia of thoracic cavity. F. epicra'nia, epicranial 
aponeurosis. F., fi'bro-are'olar, F., superficial. F. 
gyp'sea, plaster-of-Paris bandage. F. heliodo'ri, T- 
bandage. F. hu'meri, brachial aponeurosis. F. hypo- 
gas'trica, pelvic fascia. F. ili'aca, Iliac aponeurosis or 
fascia; aponeurosis proceeding from the tendon of the 
psoas minor, or arising from the anterior surface of 
the psoas magnus when the former muscle does not 
exist. Attached externally to the inner edge of the 
crest of the ilium, below and anteriorly, on one 
side to the crural arch, sending expansion to the 
fascia transversalis, and on the other side continuous 
with the deep-seated lamina of the fascia lata, form- 
ing the posterior paries of the crural canal. Within 
and behind, the iliac fascia is attached to the brim of 
the pelvis, and is continuous with the pelvian aponeu- 
rosis. The iliac aponeurosis covers the iliac and psoas 
muscles, which it separates from the peritoneum. F. 
infraspina'ta, fascia investing infraspinatus muscle. 
F. infundibulifor'mis, internal spermatic fascia. Fun- 
nel-shaped offset from the fascia transversalis, which 
is prolonged as a sheath upon the vas deferens and 
spermatic vessels as they pass out of the abdomen. 
F. inguina'lis, spica. F., intercolum'nar, External 
spermatic fascia. Thin membrane derived from the 
margin of the pillars of the external abdominal ring 
during the descent of the testis in the foetus, being 
prolonged downward around the surface of the cord 
and testis. F. is'chio-prostat'ica, transverse ligament 
of the pelvis; deep perineal fascia. F., is'chio-rec'tal, 
Anal fascia; thin membrane covering the perineal 
422 
FASCIA 
aspect of the levator ani mqscle, with which the ob- 
turator fascia is continuous. F. la'ta, name given by- 
anatomists to an aponeurosis and a muscle. F. la'ta 
aponeuro'sis, crural or femoral aponeurosis; the most 
extensive fascia in the body, enveloping all the muscles 
of the thigh, attached above to the outer edge of the 
ilia; it arises, before, from the crural arch by two dis- 
tinct laminae, separated by the femoral vessels, and 
becoming confounded a little below the part where 
the great vena saphsena opens into the crural vein. 
Of these laminae, the one is more anterior and thicker 
than the other, and may be considered as a prolonga- 
tion of the aponeurosis of the external oblique; it is 
intimately united to Poupart's ligament; the other, 
which is thinner, is behind and deeper seated, and, 
after its union with the former, proceeds to be in- 
serted into the pubis. In attaching itself to the pec- 
tineal line under the name of Iley's ligament, or 
Hey's femoral ligament, it helps to form Gimbernat's 
ligament. Inferiorly, the fascia lata becomes con- 
founded with the tendon of the triceps, and is at- 
tached to the external tuberosity of the tibia. The use 
of the fascia lata, like that of other aponeuroses, is to 
strengthen the action of muscles, etc. F. la'ta mus'- 
cle, muscle situate at the upper and outer part of the 
thigh, arising, above, from the outer part of the an- 
terior and superior spine of the ilium, and inserted, 
below, between the two laminee of the fascia lata, 
which it stretches and raises when it contracts. F. 
levato'ris a'ni, anal fascia. F. lin'guse, fascia cover- 
ing the tongue. F. lon'ga or longitudina'lis, vertebral 
ligament (anterior and posterior). F. lumba'lis, lum- 
ba'ris, or lumbo'rum, Lumbar fascia. Fascia formed 
by the blending of the posterior layer of the verte- 
bral aponeurosis of the transversalis with the aponeu- 
rosis of the serratus posticus inferior and latissimus 
dorsi muscles. F. lum'bo-dorsaTis, the whole fascia 
usually included under the two divisions-vertebral 
and lumbar fasciae. F. medulla'ris, pyramid of me- 
dulla oblongata. F. mus'culi transver'si, fascia 
transversalis. F. nodo'sa, knotted bandage. F. nu'- 
chse, portion of cervical fascia in relation with tra- 
pezius and rhomboidei muscles. F., ob'turator, see 
Pelvic aponeurosis. F. oc'uli or ocula'ris, eye band- 
age ; capsule of Tenon. F. or'bitse, orbital fascia. F., 
pal'mar, palmar aponeurosis. F. parotide'o-masse- 
ter'ica, process of cervical fascia covering the parotid 
gland and masseter muscle. F., pel'vic, inter'nal, see 
Pelvic aponeurosis. F., pel'vic, lat'eral, see Pelvic apon- 
eurosis. F., pel'vic, supe'rior, see Pelvic aponeurosis. 
F. pelvi'na, see Pelvic aponeurosis. F. pel'vi-pros- 
tat'ica, process of recto-vesical fascia investing the 
prostate gland. F. pel'vis exter'na, perineal fascia. F. 
pel'vis inter'na, pelvic fascia. F. pe'nis, see Perineal 
fascia. F., perine'al, see Perineal fascia. F. perine'i, 
perineal fascia. F. p. profun'da or transver'sa, tri- 
angular ligament of urethra. F. pharyn'gis, phar- 
yngeal aponeurosis. F. pharyn'go-basila'ris, F. 
cephalo-pharyngea. F. prsevertebra'lis, prevertebral 
fascia; portion of cervical fascia. F. profun'da 
abdom'inis, fascia transversalis. F. p. col'li, deep 
fascia of neck. F. p. cru'ris, fascia lata. F. p. 
fem'oris, fascia lata. F. pro'pria, layer of areolar 
tissue derived from sheath of femoral vessels, or, 
according to some, from the cribriform fascia. One 
of the coverings of femoral hernia, and generally 
pretty dense about the neck of the hernia, but thin 
or even wanting on its fundus. F. propria of the cord 
is the prolongation of the fascia propria on the sper- 
matic cord. F. pu'bo-recta'lis, process of recto-vesical 
fascia from pubis to rectum. F. rec'ta, fascia or sheath 
of rectus muscle. F. r. abdom'inis, fascia or sheath of 
rectus abdominis muscle. F., recto-ves'ical, visceral 
layer of the pelvic fascia, investing the prostate, 
bladder, and rectum. F. re'num, adipose capsule of 
kidney. F. re'pens, spica. F. salpin'go-pharynge'a, 
part of pharyngeal aponeurosis having origin at 
Eustachian tube. F. scapula'ris, scapulary. F. of 
Scar'pa, deep layer of superficial fascia about the 
groin. F. Sculte'ti, bandage of separate strips. F. 
semicircula'ris, tenia semicircularis. F. semiluna'- FASCIAE 
ris, aponeurosis of biceps. F. serra'ta, dentate convo- 
lution. F., spermat'ic, see Fascia infundibuliformis 
and F., inter columnar. F. spira'lis, bandage in the shape 
of an axe or hatchet. F. stella'ta, X-shaped bandage 
for one or both shoulders. F. subcuta'nea, superficial 
fascia. F., submus'cular, see Vaginal (of the eye). F., 
subperitone'al, Subperitoneal aponeurosis ; thin ten- 
dinous layer on the outer surface of the perito- 
neum. F. subpu'bica, triangular ligament of ure- 
thra. F. subscapula'ris, fascia investing subscapu- 
laris muscle. F., superficial, Fibro-areolar fascia; 
fascia immediately beneath the integument over 
almost the entire surface of the body, facilitating the 
movement of the skin, connecting with the parts be- 
neath, etc. F. superficia'lis abdominis, Superficial 
aponeurosis of the abdomen and thigh; very thin apo- 
neurosis covering the muscles and aponeuroses of the 
abdomen; passing before the crural arch, to which it 
adheres with some degree of force; sending a mem- 
branous sheath, which surrounds the spermatic cord; 
and continuous with the dartos, which it assists in 
forming. The fascia superficialis presents, beneath 
the crural arch, very distinct fibres, whose direction is 
parallel to the fold of the thigh. It is applied over 
the fascia lata aponeurosis, and is attached, internally, 
to the ascending ramus of the ischium, near the root 
of the corpus cavernosum. Before the descent of the 
testicle from the abdomen, the fascia superficialis is 
very manifestly continuous with the gubernaculum 
testis. F. supraspina'ta, fascia investing supraspi- 
natus muscle. F. Tari'ni, dentate convolution. F., 
tem'poral, temporal aponeurosis. F. of Tenon, the 
tunica vaginalis bulbi or capsule of Bonnet, is blended 
with the sheaths and expansion of the straight mus- 
cles of the eye, and closely adherent to the sclerotica 
as far forward as the corneal edge. The latter por- 
tion of this membrane has been called the Fascia or 
Hlembrane of Tenon. Between this fascia and the scle- 
rotica is the Space of Tenon. See Capsule of Bonnet. F. 
t-formis, T-bandage. F. thora'cico-inter'na, F. en- 
dothoracica. F. tor'tilis, tourniquet. F. transver'sa 
or transversa'lis, aponeurosis separating the trans- 
versalis muscle from the peritoneum in the inguinal 
region. It arises above the posterior edge of the crural 
arch, where it seems to be continuous with the apo- 
neurosis of the greater oblique muscle. Above, it is 
lost in the areolar tissue at the internal surface of the 
transversalis abdominis; within, it is continuous with 
the outer edge of the tendon of the rectus muscle and 
Gimbernat's ligament; below, with the aponeurosis of 
the greater oblique, receiving an expansion from the 
fascia iliaca. Toward its middle, and a little above 
the crural arch, the fascia transversalis has the wide 
orifice of a canal, which is occupied, in the female, by 
the round ligament of the uterus, and in man fur- 
nishes an expansion, serving as a sheath to the sper- 
matic vessels. Where the fascia is thickened across 
the inner surface of the umbilicus, it is called Fascia 
transversalis umbilicalis or F. umbilicalis. F. triangu- 
la'ris, triangular ligament. F. umbilicalis, see F. 
transversalis. F. vagina'lis bul'bi, capsule of Tenon. 
F. vertebra'lis, vertebral fascia. F. vola'ris, palmar 
fascia. 
Fasciae, fash'e-e (pl. of Fascia). See Fascia. Also, 
swathing-clothes. F. co'li, see Colon. F. ligamento'- 
sae co'li, see Colon. F. muscula'res oc'uli, fibres of the 
capsule of Tenon connected with the tendons of ocular 
muscles. 
Fascial, fash' yul. Relating to fascia or fasciae. 
Fascial reflexes are those associated with direct stimu- 
lation of fascial nerves. 
Fascialis, fas-se-al'is. Fascia lata muscle; sartorius. 
F. lon'gus, sartorius. F. sarto'rius, sartorius. 
Fas'cians (fascia, a swathe). Dividing into layers, 
as in neuritis fascians. 
Fasciarum applicatio, fas-se-ar'um ap-ple-kash'e-o. 
Deligation; bandaging. 
Fas'ciated. Having a fibrous or rod-like arrange- 
ment. 
Fasciatio, fas-se-ah'she-o. Deligation; binding up a 
wounded part; see Bandage. F. cuculla'ta, bandage 
423 
FASCICULUS 
applied to the head for retaining dressings, etc., in 
situ. 
Fascia'tion. Fasciatio. 
Fascicle, fas'sik'l. Fasciculus. F., cu'neiform, 
fasciculus cuneatus. 
Fascicular, fas-sik'u-lar. Arranged in bundles or 
fasciculi. F. kerati'tis, inflammation of the cornea, at- 
tended with peculiar arrangement of bands of vessels. 
F. neuro'ma, neuroma in which nerve-fibres are fas- 
cicular or in bands. 
Fascic'ulate or Fasciculated, fas-sik'u-la-ted. Fas- 
cicular, or arranged in bands or bundles. F. blad'der, 
sacculated condition of bladder. F. por'tion of pe'- 
duncle, basal portion of crura cerebri. See Peduncles. 
Fasciculation, fas-sik-u-la'shun. Arrangement or 
distribution in fasciculi or bundles. Sacculation or 
hypertrophy of muscular coat, as of bladder. 
Fas'cicule. Fascicle; fasciculus. 
Fasciculi, fas-sik'u-le (pl. of Fasciculus). Bundles. 
F. acous'tici, transverse white lines on floor of fourth 
ventricle. F. cortica'les, Ferrein, pyramids of. F. 
gra'ciles, see Corpora restiformia. F. innomina'ti, 
two large bundles of fibres in the interior of the me- 
dulla oblongata, behind the corpora olivaria, and 
more or less apparent between those bodies and the 
corpora restiformia. They ascend, and become appa- 
rent in the fourth ventricle, under the name Fasciculi 
or Processus teretes. F. longitudina'les co'li, liga- 
ments of the colon. F. margina'les aquseduc'ti, collec- 
tions of nerve-fibres arising from the nucleus of the 
fifth nerve interlacing along the aqueduct of Sylvius. 
F., me'dian posterior of medul'la oblonga'ta, funic- 
uli graciles. F. medul'lae spinaTis, columns of spinal 
cord. F. muscula'res co'li, ligaments of the colon. 
F. musculo'rum, see Muscular fibre. F. pyramida'les, 
Ferrein, pyramids of; see Papillee of Iddney. F. ter'- 
etes, processus teretes; see Fasciculi innominati. F. 
ter'etes cor'dis, columnae carneae. 
Fasciculus (fas-sik'u-lus) or Fas'cicle (dim. of Fas- 
cia, band). A small bundle. In anatomy, a fascicu- 
lus of fibres; in pharmacy, a handful. F. arcifor'mis, 
collection of white fibres on surface of medulla ob- 
longata. F. arcifor'mis pe'dis, fibres of pes pedunculi 
passing under pons Varolii. F. arcua'tus, bundle of 
fibres passing from frontal to occipital lobe. F. bas'ilis 
inter'nus, bundle of fibres situate in axis of superior 
or medial occipito-temporal convolution. F. bigem'- 
ino-genicula'ris, fibres connecting corpora geniculata 
externa and superior corpora quadrigemina. F., cere- 
bel'lar, cerebellar lateral tract. F. cerebello'sus, 
posterior column of spinal cord. F. cerebra'lis, an- 
terior column of spinal cord. F. cor'tico-bulba'ris, 
bundle of nerve-fibres along middle border of pes 
pedunculi. F. cunea'tus, fasciculus of reinforce- 
ment. F., cu'neiform, fasciculus of reinforcement. F. 
decus'sans pyram'idum, bundle or tract of motor 
fibres associating central convolutions of the brain 
and spinal cord. F. ex'ilis, slip of insertion of flexor 
longus pollicis on coronoid process of ulna. F. ge- 
nicula'tus, fibres of pes pedunculi passing to genu of 
internal capsule, or collection of fibres passing from 
crusta to cortex. F. of Goll, fibres passing along pos- 
terior median fissure of spinal cord and medulla 
oblongata from middle of the back to the cerebellum. 
F. gra'cilis, F. of Goll. F., Gratiolet's, bundle of 
nerve-fibres between cerebellum and occipital lobe. 
F., habe'nal, bundle of nerve-fibres between ganglion 
of habenula and interpeduncular ganglia. F., infe'- 
rior longitu'dinal, bundle of fibres connecting oc- 
cipital and temporal lobe. F. latera'lis, fibres of 
tractus opticus distributed along the side of the 
crossing of the optic nerve to nerve of same side. 
F. longitudina'lis, F., inferior longitudinal; also 
bundle of white fibres in middle raphe of medulla 
oblongata, pons Varolii, and crura cerebri. Bundle of 
fibres from frontal to occipital lobe. F. nu'clel 
oli'vae, prolongation of lateral column of spinal 
cord in medulla. F. obli'quus pon'tis, bundle of 
fibres directed obliquely on surface of pons. F. 
occipita'lis perpendicula'ris, bundle of fibres di- 
rected perpendicularly from parietal lobe to occipito- FASCINATION 
temporal convolution. F., ol'ivary, F. nuclei olivas; 
olivary peduncle. F., primitive, muscular fibre. 
F. pyramida'lis, part of pes pedunculi having fibres 
from pyramidal tracts of the cord. F. pyram'idis, 
column of medulla oblongata, continuation of ante- 
rior column of the cord. F. of reinforce'ment, lateral 
column of spinal cord. F., res'piratory, F., solitary. 
F. restifor'mis, lateral column of spinal cord. F. 
retroflex'us, bundle of white fibres passing through 
thalamus opticus from ganglion habenulae to ganglion 
interpeduuculare. F. rotun'dus, solitary bundle of 
fibres in upper part of spinal cord and medulla ob- 
longata from nucleus of vagus. F., sol'itary, bundle 
of nerve-fibres in posterior part of internal capsule 
of lens, extending to occipital lobe. F., sphenoid'al, 
bundle of nerve-fibres corresponding to part of corona 
radiata entering temporo-sphenoidal lobe. F., supe'- 
rior longitu'dinal, bundle of fibres passing from 
frontal to occipital lobe. F. tegmen'ti, bundle of 
longitudinal nerve-fibres in tegmentum of brain of 
dog. F. te'res, eminence on floor of fourth ventricle. 
F. te'res pon'tis, band of white fibres in floor of 
fourth ventricle. F., trineu'ral, F., solitary. F. of 
Tiirck, continuation downward in anterior column 
of spinal cord of motor-fibres connecting central 
convolutions of brain and spinal cord. F. uncina'- 
tus or uncifor'mis, white bundle, seen on the lateral 
aspect of the cerebral hemispheres, passing across the 
bottom of the fissure of Sylvius, and connecting the 
anterior with the middle and posterior lobes. Fibres 
of this fasciculus expand at each extremity, and the 
superficial portions curve or hook sharply between the 
contiguous parts of the anterior and middle lobes, 
whence the epithet uncinatus, "hooked." 
Fascination, fas-sin-a'shun. Exercise of will-power 
by one person over the actions of another, as in first 
stage of hypnotism. 
Fascinosus, fas-sin-o'sus. Membranous. 
Fascinum, fas'sin-um. Penis; dildoo; having a 
large penis. 
Fasciola, fas-se'o-lah (dim. of Fascia, band). Small 
bandage; fascia dentata; diatoma. F. cine'rea, tuber- 
culum cinereum. F. denta'ta, dentate convolution. 
F. hepat'ica, distoma hepaticum. F. huma'na, dis- 
toma hepaticum. F. lanceola'ta, distoma hepaticum. 
Fasciolse, fas-se'o-le (pl. of Fasciola). Small bands. 
F. cine'reae, part of floor of fourth ventricle. 
Fas'cis. Fasciculus. 
Fascitis, fas-se'tis. Inflammation of fascia. 
Faselus, fas'el-us. Phaseolus vulgaris. 
Fast. To abstain from food. Abstinence from food. 
Fastidium, fas-tid'e-um. Fastidiousness, squeamish- 
ness; condition of a stomach affected with nausea. 
F. ci'bi or cibo'rum, disgust for food; want of appe- 
tite. F. po'tfls, loathing of drink. 
Fastigium, fas-tij'e-um (fastus, elevation). Acme ; 
point of projection of roof of fourth ventricle in 
medullary centre of cerebellum. 
Fasting. Loss or want of appetite without appar- 
ent affection of the stomach. See Abstinence. 
Fat. Soft, white, animal substance; inodorous, in- 
sipid, oily, inflammable, easy to melt, spoiling in air, 
and becoming rancid by union with oxygen; almost 
insoluble in alcohol, insoluble in water, soluble in 
fixed oils. Fat is formed of immediate principles, 
stearin, margarin, and olein or olain, all of which are 
regarded as salts composed of stearic, margaric, and 
oleic acids, and a common base, called, from its sweet- 
ish taste, glycerin (glycerine, glycerina, or glyceri- 
num). To these are almost always joined an odorous 
and a coloring principle. Fat is found in a number 
of animal tissues, and is very abundant in the neigh- 
borhood of the kidneys and in the epiploon. It is 
generally fluid in the cetacea; soft and of strong 
smell in the carnivora; solid and inodorous in the 
ruminating animal; white and abundant in young 
animals; and yellowish in old. It forms about a 
twentieth part of the weight of the human body. 
Fat, considered physiologically, has, for its function, 
to protect the organs, maintain their temperature, and 
to serve for nutrition in case of need, as in torpid ani- 
424 
I FAVOSUS 
mals. Also, corpulent. F. canals or col'umns, vertical 
columnar-shaped spaces or clefts extending obliquely 
from the bases of the hair-follicles to the cellular mem- 
brane. F. cells, fatty vesicles. F. em'bolism, embol- 
ism caused by choking of capillary vessels with globules 
of oil or fat. F., mackaw', see Cocos butyracea. 
Fatigatio, fat-e-gash'e-o (fatigo, to fatigue). Lassi- 
tude or fatigue. 
Fatigue'. State of the body in which the animal 
functions are executed with less promptitude and 
vigor than usual, from over-exertion. 
Fat'ty. Adipose, Adipous, Pinguid, Pinguedinous. 
Relating to, resembling, or containing fat. Cellular 
membrane has been called fatty or adipous from an 
opinion that in its areola the fat is deposited. The 
areolar membrane, however, merely lodges between 
its lamellae and filaments the vesicles in which the 
fat is contained. F. ac'ids, acids occurring in the 
body partly free and partly in combination. F. casts, 
tube-casts. F. degeneration, degenerative and dis- 
integrating change in a tissue by conversion into fat, 
as in muscular fibres of the heart. It is caused by 
chemical alteration in the protoplasm of a cell acting 
at the expense of the histological elements of the cell. 
See Degeneration and Lardaceous. F. degeneration of 
ar'teries occurs rarely, principally in the aorta. F. d. 
of the liv'er, form of disease of the liver dependent 
on the accumulation of fat in its secreting cells. F. 
heart, unusual deposition of fat on the heart; adipose 
degeneration of the heart. F. infiltration, infiltration 
of the tissues with fat deposited in them from the 
blood. It is only a deposit, not a degeneration, but 
if it persists it becomes a morbid process. The fat is 
not formed out of the cells of an organ, but is brought 
there in the circulation. F. kid'ney, kidney, Bright's 
disease of. F. lig'ament, adipous ligament. Reflection 
of the synovial membrane of the knee-joint, passing 
from the ligamentum patellae toward the cavity sep- 
arating the condyles of the femur. F. liv'er, F. de- 
generation of the liver. F. mem'brane, adipous 
membrane, adipous tissue; subcutaneous areolar tis- 
sue, or that containing the fatty or adipose vesicles. 
F. metamor'phosis, F. degeneration; see Degenera- 
tion. F. tu'mors, several forms of adipose or fatty 
tumors are described, as lipoma, steatoma, etc.; see 
Tumors. F. ves'icles, adipous vesicles, fat-cells; small 
bursae or membranous vesicles enclosing the fat situate 
in the areolae of the areolar tissue. Generally they 
are round and globular, and in certain subjects receive 
vessels which are very apparent. They form so many 
small sacs without apertures, in the interior of which 
are filaments arranged like septa. In fatty subjects 
the adipous vesicles are very perceptible, being at- 
tached to the areolar tissue and neighboring parts by 
a vascular pedicle. F. ves'sels, adipous vessels; ves- 
sels connected with the fat. Some anatomists have 
called the vessels to which they attribute the secre- 
tion of fat adipous canals. 
Fatuism, fat'u-izm. Fatuitas. 
Fatuitas, fat-u'it-as (fatuus, foolish). Mental imbe- 
cility ; idiotism; dementia. One so affected is said to 
be Fatuous. F. alpicola'rum, cretinism. F. conval- 
li'nus, cretinism. 
Fatuity, fat-u'it-e. Fatuitas. 
Fat'uous. See Fatuitas. 
Fau'ces. Isthmus; pharynx; throat. 
Faucette' voice (dim. of Faux, false). See Voice. 
Fau'cial. Relating to the fauces; pharyngeal. 
Faucitis, faw-se'tis. Inflammation of the fauces; 
isthmitis. 
Fau'na. Collection of animals peculiar to any one 
country or locality. 
Fauno'rum ludib'ria. Sports of the Fauni. Incu- 
bus of some authors, epilepsy of others. 
Favaginous, fav-aj'in-us. Favous. 
Fave'olate (faveolus, small cavity). Having small 
cavities like a honeycomb ; alveolar. 
Faviformis, fav-e-for'mis (favus, honeycomb, forma, 
shape). Honeycombed. See Favosus. 
Fa'vose. Faveolate ; favous; honeycombed. 
Favo'sus (favus, honeycomb). Favous; epithet FAVOUS 
given to a species of porrigo; ulceration resembling 
a honeycomb. 
Fa'vous. Eelating to favus. 
Fav'uli (dim. of Favus, honeycomb). Honeycomb- 
like depressions in the lining membrane of the stom- 
ach ; alveoli. 
Fa'vus (honeycomb). Porrigo; porrigo lupinosa or 
favosa; see Favosus and Phytosis. F. achati'nus 
(achates, agate), favus with agate-like crusts. F. 
confer'tus, porrigo scutulata. F. crusto'sus, favus 
attended with crusts. F. disper'sus, porrigo lupi- 
nosa. F. eczemato'des, vesicular form of favus. F. 
fun'gus, achorion Schcenleinii. F. lupino'sus, por- 
rigo lupinosa. F. scutifor'mis, ringworm of the scalp. 
F. sparro'sus, F. crustosus. F. spar'sus, porrigo 
lupinosa. F. suberi'nus (corklike), F. with corklike 
crusts. F., un'gual or un'guium; see Onychomycosis 
favosa. 
Fax'wax. Ligamentum nuchse. 
Fea'berry. Gooseberry. 
Feath'er gera'nium. Chenopodium botrya. 
Feath'erfew. Matricaria. 
Febricitans, feb-ris'it-ans (febricito, to have fever). 
Feverish; one attacked with fever. 
Febricitatio, feb-ris-it-ah'she-o. Feverishness. 
Febricity, feb-ris'it-e. Condition of fever; fever- 
ishness. 
Febricosus, feb-rik-o'sus. Feverish. 
Febricula, feb-rik'u-lah (dim. of Febris). Slight 
degree of fever; ephemera. F., sep'tic, mild variety 
of septic poisoning. F., ty'phoid, see Typhus. 
Febriculose, feb-rik'u-lose. Slightly feverish. 
Febriculosity, feb-rik-u-los'it-e. Feverishness. 
Febri'cus or Febriens, feb're-ens (febrio, to have 
fever). Feverish. 
Febrifaclent (feb-re-fa'she-ent) or Febrif'ic (febris, 
fever, facio, to make). Causing fever, as certain 
drinks or remedial agents. 
Febriferous, feb-rif'er-us (febris, fero, to carry). 
Fever-bearing or fever-producing. 
Febrif'ic. .Febrifuge. 
Febrifuga, feb-rif'u-gah (febris, fugo, to drive 
away). Febrifuge. Erythraca centaurium; Icica al- 
tissima. 
Febrifugal, feb-rif'u-gal (same etymon). Febri- 
fuge. 
Feb'rifuge (same etymon). Medicine possessing the 
property of abating or driving away fever; antipyretic. 
Some febrifuges have a general applicability in various 
fevers, while others-as quinine-have a specific action 
in such forms as intermittents, etc. 
Febrif'ugum. Febrifuge. F. lig'num, quassia. 
Febrile, feb'riL Pyretic, pyreetic; relating to fe- 
ver; feverish. F. an'guish, pain of head sometimes 
preceding fever. 
Febril'ity. Condition of fever. 
Febris, feb'ris. Fever. F. acmas'tica, continued 
fever. F. acu'ta, continued fever. F. a. contin'ua, 
continued fever. F. adenomeninge'a, fever, adeno- 
meningeal; fever with irritation of lining membrane 
of intestinal canal. F. adenonervo'sa, plague. F. 
adynam'ica, typhus. F. aesta'tis, thermic fever. F. 
sesti'va, summer intermittent fever. F. Africa'na, 
fever, African. F. agrypno'des, see Agrypnodes and 
Agrt/pnos. F. al'ba, chlorosis. F. a. milia'ris, miliary 
fever. F. al'gida, see Algidus. F. amato'ria, chlorosis; 
hectic fever. F. America'na, yellow fever. F. am- 
phim'era or amphemer'ina, quotidian. F. amphim- 
er'ina hec'tica, hectic fever. F. a. la'tica, latent form 
of quotidian remittent fever. F. ampullo'sa, pem- 
phigus. F. anabat'ica, continued fever. F. angino'sa, 
angina. F. angloton'ica, continued fever. F. an'nua, 
see Annual diseases. F. anom'ala, fever, anomalous. 
F. apho'nica, fever, aphonic. F. aphtho'sa, aphtha. 
F. apoplec'tica, fever, apoplectic. F. ar'dens, syno- 
cha. F. ar'te promo'ta, fever, artificial. F. arthrit'- 
Ica, gout. F. aso'des, fever, bilious; see Asodes. F. 
assid'ua, continued fever. F. asthen'ica, fever, as- 
thenic; typhus. F. asthmat'ica, fever, asthmatic. 
F. atac'ta, ataxic fever. F. atax'o-adynam'ica, fe- 
ver, ataxo-adyuamic. F. aurigino'sa, jaundice. F. 
425 
FEBRIS 
azo'des, see Asodes. F. bilio'sa, fever, bilious. F. 
bullo'sa, pemphigus. F. cacato'ria, fever with di- 
arrhoea. F. cacoe'thes, typhus fever. F. cal'ida, 
ardent fever; meningitis. F. a calo're, thermic fever. 
F. campes'tris, paludal or miasmatic fever. F. car- 
buncula'ris or carbunculo'sa, splenic fever; conta- 
gious anthrax. F. carcera'ria or car'ceris, jail fever. 
F. cardial'gia, fever, cardialgic. F. car'nis, slight 
attack of fever following the ingestion of meat, oc- 
curring in convalescence from typhoid fever. F. cas- 
trenzsis, typhus fever; remittent fever. F. catarc'- 
tica, F. cacatoria. F. catarrha'lis, catarrh. F. c. 
epidem'ica, influenza. F. cathemer'inus, quotidian 
fever. F. caumato'des or causo'des, synocha. F. 
cephalal'gica, fever, cephalalgic. F. cephal'ica, 
fever, cephalic; meningitis; brow ague. F. cer'ebro- 
spina'lis, meningitis, cerebro-spinal. F. cholepyret'- 
ica, fever, bilious. F. choler'ica, fever, bilious; fever, 
choleric. F. chron'ica, fever, chronic; hectic fever. 
F. coalter'na, double intermittent fever; see Coal- 
ternee febres. F. coccin'ea, scarlatina. F. colliquati'- 
va, fever, colliquative. F. comato'des, fever, apo- 
plectic. F. comita'ta, pernicious intermittent fever; 
relapsing fever. F. commu'nicans, fever, subin- 
trant. F. complica'ta, see Fever, Malta. F. compos'- 
ita, intermittent fever. F. confu'sa, see Confusae 
febres. F. contagio'sa, typhus fever. F. con'tinens, 
typhus. F. c. non-pu'trida, continued fever. F. c. 
putri'da, typhus. F. contin'ua inflammato'ria, inter- 
nal inflammation. F. c. non-pu'tris, synocha. F. c. 
pu'trida, synochus. F. c. p. ictero'des Carolinien'sis, 
yellow fever. F. c. sanguin'ea, synocha. F. c. sim'- 
plex, synocha. F. convulsi'va, fever, convulsive. F. 
crit'ica, remittent fever, ephemeral fever, intermittent 
fever, typhus fever. F. crymo'des, see Crymodes and 
Algida febris. F. culicula'ris, miliary fever. F. cum 
deli'rio, fever, delirious. F. depurato'ria, fever, 
depuratory. F. deu'rens, synocha. F. diaphoret'ica, 
fever, diaphoretic. F. dia'ria, ephemera; febricula. 
F. diphthero'des, fever, diphtheroid. F. duodecim'- 
ana, fever, duodecimane. F. dysenter'ica, dysen- 
tery. F. ectymat'ica, scarlatina. F, elo'des, see 
Elodes. F. e. ictero'des, yellow fever. F. enter'- 
ica, enteric fever. F. en'tero-mesenter'ica, ty- 
phoid fever; see Entero-mesenteric. F. epacmas'- 
tica, fever increasing steadily to a crisis; see 
Epacmasticus. F. ephem'era, ephemera; febricula; 
quotidian fever. F. epidem'ica cum angi'na, cyn- 
anche maligna. F. epidem'ica contagio'sa, pemphi- 
gus acutus. F. epilep'tica, fever, epileptic. F. erot'- 
ica, fever, erotic. F. errat'ica, fever, anomalous; 
fever, erratic; see Erratic and Planetes. F. erro'nea, 
see Planetes. F. erysipela'cea or erysipelato'sa, ery- 
sipelas. F. erythemato'sa, roseola febrilis. F. es- 
sero'sa, miliary fever. F. exanthemat'ica articu- 
la'ris, dengue. F. exquis'ita, fever, regular; F., quo- 
tidian. F. famel'ica, see Famelica febris. F. fix'a, 
continued fever. F. fla'va or fla'va Americano'rum, 
fever, yellow. F. gangraeno'des, fever, gangrenous. 
F. gas'trica, fever, bilious; fever, gastric. F. gas'- 
trico-inflammato'ria, gastritis. F. gas'trico-nervo'- 
sa, typhoid fever. F. gastro-adynam'ica, fever, gastro- 
adynamic. F. glutino'sa gas'trica, typhoid fever. F. 
haemopto'ica, fever, haemoptoic. F. hebdomada'na, 
fever with paroxysms recurring every week. F. 
hec'tica, hectic fever. F. hec'tica infan'tum, tabes 
mesenterica. F. hec'tica malig'na nervo'sa, typhus 
mitior. F. helo'des ictero'des, yellow fever. F. 
hemere'sia, quotidian. F. hemitritae'a, hemitritsea. 
F. hepat'ica, fever, bilious. F. hepat'ica inflamma- 
to'ria, hepatitis. F. herpet'ica, fever preceding or 
attending eruption of herpes. F. hor'rida, see Algidus. 
F. horrif'ica, see Algidus. F. humora'lis, fever, hu- 
moral. F. Hungar'ica, fever, Hungaric; typhoid 
fever. F. hydrocephal'ica, hydrocephalus internus. 
F. hy drophob'ica, fever, hydrophobic. F. hysteret'- 
ica, a postponing intermittent. F. hyster'ica, hys- 
teria accompanied with fever; intermittent fever in 
which the paroxysms are accompanied with hys- 
teria. F. icter'ica, fever, icteric. F. ictero'des, 
yellow fever. F. ili'aca inflammato'ria, enteritis; FEBRIS 
typhoid fever. F. infan'tum remit'tens, fever, in- 
fantile remittent. F. inflammato'ria, synocha. F. 
inten'sio, period of violence of a fever or paroxysm. 
F. intermit'tens, intermittent fever. F. intermit'- 
tens cephal'ica larva'ta, periodical headache, prob- 
ably neuralgic. F. intestina'lis, see Typhus. F. in- 
testina'lis ulcero'sa, typhoid fever. F. intestino'- 
rum, enteritis. F. irregula'ris, fever, anomalous. 
F. Ital'ica, plague. F. lac'tea or lactan'tium, fever, 
milk. F. larva'ta, fever, masked; masked intermit- 
tent. F. len'ta, fever, infantile remittent; hectic 
fever; synochus. F. len'ta nervo'sa, typhus mitior; 
fever, nervous. F. lenticula'ris, miliary fever. F. 
lethar'gica, fever, apoplectic. F. le'vis, febricula. 
F. lochia'lis, fever, lochial. F. lygmo'des, fever, 
singultous. F. lyngo'des, fever, singultous. F. 
maculo'sa, typhus. F. malig'na, fever, malignant. 
F. malig'na bilio'sa Amer'icse, fever, yellow. F. 
malig'na fla'va In'dise occidenta'lis, fever, yellow. 
F. malig'na cum so'pore, typhus. F. marasmo'des, 
hectic fever; fever of emaciation. F. Mediterra'nica, 
yellow fever; pernicious malarial fever of vicinity of 
Mediterranean Sea. F. meningogas'tricus, fever, 
gastric. F. mesara'ica or mesenter'ica, fever, adeno- 
meningeal; F., mesenteric; F., typhoid; tubercular 
disease of mesenteric glands. F. methemer'ina, 
quotidian. F. milla'ris, miliary fever. F. milita'ris, 
typhus fever. F. minu'ta, fever, syncopal. F. mor- 
billo'sa, rubeola. F. muco'sa, fever, adenomeningeal. 
F. mucosa vermino'sa, fever, infantile remittent. F. 
naut'ica, typhus fever. F. naut'ica pestilentia'lis, 
typhus gravior. F. nephrit'ica, fever, nephritic. F. 
nervo'sa, fever, nervous. F. nervo'sa enter'ica, see 
Typhus. F. nervo'sa epidem'ica, typhus. F. ner- 
vo'sa exanthemat'ica, typhus. F. nervo'sa gas'- 
trica, see Typhus. F. nervo'sa mesenter'ica, see 
Typhus. F. nervo'sa petechia'lis, typhus. F. neu- 
ro'des, fever, nervous. F. ni'gra, fever, purpuric 
malignant; cerebro-spinal meningitis. F. noctur'nus, 
see Nocturnal. F. nona'na, fever, nonane. F. noso- 
comia'lis or nosocomio'rum, typhus gravior. F. 
nycteri'nus, see Nocturnal. F. octa'na, fever, octane. 
F. os'citans, oscitant fever. F. paludo'sa or palu'- 
dum, see E lodes. F. Panno'nica, fever, Hungarian. 
F. pemphigo'des or pemphingo'des, pemphigus. F. 
pemp'ta, quintan. F. period'ica, fever, periodic. F. 
pernicio'sa, fever, pernicious. F. pes'tilens, plague. 
F. pes'tilens malig'na, typhus gravior. F. pestilen- 
tia'lis, fever, pestilential. F. pestilentia'lis Euro'- 
pae, typhus gravior. F. phlegmat'ica, quotidian 
fever. F. phthis'ica, hectic fever. F. plane'tes, see 
Planetes. F. pleurit'ica, pleuritis. F. pneumon'ica, 
fever, pneumonic; pneumonia. F. podag'rica, gout. 
F. polychol'ica, fever, bilious. F. puerpera'lis, fever, 
puerperal. F. puerpera'lis bilio'sa, puerperal bilious 
fever. F. puncticula'ris, miliary fever; typhus gravior. 
F. purpura'ta, typhus fever; cerebrospinal fever. F. 
purpura'te ru'bra et al'ba milla'ris, miliary fever. 
F. purpu'rea pestif'era, meningitis, cerebrospinal. 
F. purulen'ta, fever, purulent; septicaemia. F. pu'- 
trida, typhus gravior. F. pu'trida nervo'sa, typhus 
mitior. F. quarta'na, quartan fever. F. querquera, 
see Algidus. F. quin'ta, quintan. F. quinta'na, 
fever, quintan; quintan. F. quotidia'na, fever, quo- 
tidian ; quotidian. F. recidi'va, relapsing fever. F. 
recur'rens, relapsing fever. F. regula'ris, fever, 
regular. F. remit'tens, remittent fever. F. remit'- 
tens infan'tum, fever, infantile remittent. F. rheu- 
mat'ica inflammato'ria, rheumatism, acute. F. ru'- 
bra, scarlatina. F. ru'bra prurigino'sa, urticaria. 
F. sanguin'ea, synocha. F. sapop'yra, typhus 
gravior. F. scarlatino'sa, scarlatina. F. scorbu'- 
tica, fever, scorbutic. F. semitertia'na, fever, semi- 
tertian. F. septa'na, fever, septan. F. sesquiai'tera, 
fever, semitertian. F. sexta'na, fever, sextan. F. 
Siamen'sis, yellow fever. F. sim'plex, ephemera; 
fever, simple. F. singulto'sa, fever, singultous. F. 
soporo'sa, fever, apoplectic. F. stercora'lis, fever, 
stercoral; gastric fever, enteric fever. F. sthen'ica, 
synocha. F. stigmat'ica, typhus fever. F. stomach'- 
ica inflammato'ria, gastritis. F. subin'trans, fever, 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
subintrant. F. sudato'ria, fever, diaphoretic; sudor 
anglicus or sweating sickness. F. syncopa'lis, fever, 
syncopal. F. synocha'lis, synocha. F. syphilit'ica, 
fever, syphilitic. F. tab'ida, fever, colliquative; 
hectic fever. F. tertia'na, fever, tertian. F. ton'ica, 
synocha. F. top'ica, neuralgia, facial. F. tor'pida, 
enteric fever. F. tox'ica, fever, yellow. F. trag'ica, 
fever, tragic. F. traumathca, fever, traumatic. F. 
tritse'us, intermittent fever. F. trop'ica or tropica'- 
lis, fever, yellow. F. tympan'ica, enteric fever. F. 
typho'des, typhus; typhoid fever. F. urethra'lis, 
fever, urethral. F. urino'sa, ursemia. F. urtica'ta, 
urticaria. F. uteri'na, inflammation of the uterus. 
F. va'ga, fever, anomalous; see Planetes. F. variolo'- 
sa, variola. F. vermino'sa, fever, infantile remit- 
tent ; fever, verminous; helminthopyra. F. verna'- 
lis, fever, vernal. F. vesicato'ria, pemphigus. F. 
vesicula'ris, miliary fever; pemphigus acutus. F. 
vesiculo'sa, erysipelas. F. virgin'ea or vir'ginum, 
chlorosis. F. vulnera'ria, traumatic fever. 
Februa, feb'ru-ah (februo, to purge). In ancient 
mythology, a goddess presiding over menstruation. 
Fe'cal, stercoraceous. F. mat'ter, feces. 
Fecula (fek'u-lah) or Faecula, fe'ku-lah (dim. of 
Feces). Immediate principle of vegetables, composed 
of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon, existing in several 
plants under different names, according to that which 
furnishes it. When extracted from wheat or barley 
it is called starch or amylum; when from Cycas cir- 
cinalis, sago; from Orchis morio, salep. We say 
also fecula of the potato, bryony, arum, manioc, etc. 
The term is now generallv restricted to starch. 
Fec'ulence. Deposit; dregs; feces. In pharmacy, 
feculent, albuminous, or other substances deposited 
from turbid fluids. 
Fec'ulent, fek'u-lent. Foul, dreggy, excrementi- 
tious; as feculent fluid, feculent evacuations, etc. 
Fecund, fek'und. Fruitful; prolific. 
Fecundation, fe-kun-da'shun. Impregnation; pro- 
creation ; act by which, in organized beings, the ma- 
terial furnished by the generative organs of the 
female unites with that prepared by those of the 
male, so that a new being results. F., artificial, im- 
pregnation by introduction of semen by artificial 
method. 
Fecundity, fe-kund'it-e. Faculty of reproduction 
possessed by organized bodies; capability of bearing 
children. 
Fee'ble. Infirm. 
Feeblemind'edness. Weak mental conditions, in 
which are included dementia, idiocy, and imbecility. 
Feeding. Alimentation. F., rec'tal, feeding by 
enema or by suppository. 
Feeling. Exercise of sensations, general or special, 
and emotions. 
Feet, burning of. Singular cachectic disease in 
India, the prominent symptom of which is a sense 
of burning in the feet, due either to rheumatism or 
neuritis. See Causalgia. 
Fehling's (fa'ling's) solu'tion or test. Two solu- 
tions are employed for estimation of glucose in urine 
(to be freshly prepared), one being a solution of 
34.639 grammes of crystallized cupric sulphate in 
200 c. c. of water, the other a solution of 173 grammes 
of Rochelle salt in 350 centigrammes of distilled 
water, heated to the boiling point; on cooling, add 
600 centigrammes of a previously boiled solution of 
caustic soda (sp. gr. 1.12), and make up to a litre with 
distilled water. To ten minims of each of' these 
solutions in a test-tube add a fluidrachm of distilled 
water, and boil for a few seconds. If the solution 
remains clear, drop the urine gradually into it, and 
heat the tube. If there should be a large quantity 
of sugar, a reddish deposit results. In the absence 
of a precipitate, add urine to an equal volume, cool 
the mixture, and, if there is no precipitate, there is 
no sugar present. 
Feigned (faned) diseases. Simulated or pretended 
diseases. These are generally assumed by beggars to 
obtain alms, by criminals to escape punishment, and 
by soldiers to be exempt from duty or to be dis- 
426 FEIGNED DISEASES 
charged from the service. The methods adopted for 
this purpose, and the means by which they may be 
detected, are set forth in the following paragraphs: 
Abortion.-By staining the clothes and body with 
borrowed blood. 
Abstinence.-Detected by constant and minute 
attention. 
Amaurotic Blindness.-By applying the extract 
of belladonna or Datura stramonium to the eye. 
Amaurosis is characterized by dilated pupil. Where 
these substances have been applied, the effects will 
go off in ten days or a fortnight. 
Anaemia. See Cachexia. 
Aphonia.-Detected by anaesthetics, and, under 
their use or otherwise, taking the person off his guard. 
Apoplexy.-By falling down as if deprived of sen- 
sation and consciousness. Detected by powerful stim- 
ulants, an electric shock, application of hot water, 
sternutatories, actual cautery, etc. 
Cachexia, Anaemia, and Debility.-Using sub- 
stances to make the face appear pale and livid. Indulg- 
ing freely in wine, and privation of sleep prior to ex- 
amination. Detected by examining if the pulse be 
strong and the skin hot, and whether there be loss 
of appetite or of strength, or swelling of the limbs, 
or unmistakable feebleness of the vital actions. 
Calculi, Excretion of.-Putting sand, pebbles, 
etc. into the urine. Detected by the aid of chem- 
istry ; we are acquainted with the chemical composi- 
tion of urinary calculi. 
Cancerous Ulcer.-By gluing on a portion of a 
spleen with the smooth side to the skin, leaving on 
the outside the appearance of an ulcerated surface. 
Detected by noticing whether there be signs of ca- 
chexia, and by attentive examination of the part. 
Catalepsy.-By seeming to be suddenly motion- 
less, the joints remaining flexible, and external ob- 
jects making no impression. Detected by powerful 
stimulants, as recommended under Apoplexy; by let- 
ting fall a drop of boiling water on the back; by pro- 
posing to use the actual cautery, and seeing whether 
the pulse rises. 
Chorea.-By assuming the convulsive motions of 
a part which characterize chorea. Detected by exam- 
ining the patient while he may imagine himself un- 
observed, and seeing whether the convulsive motions 
go on ; and by anaesthetics, as under Aphonia. 
Contraction of Joints in General.-The mode 
of discrimination is sometimes so obscure as to deceive 
the most practised and attentive. It may be detected 
by anaesthetics, as under Aphonia. 
Contraction of the Fingers.-To detect it, in- 
troduce a cord between the fingers and the palm of 
the hand, and gradually apply weights so as to expand 
the fingers. Confine him so that he cannot obtain 
his food without using his clenched hand. It may 
also be detected by anaesthetics, as under Aphonia. 
Convulsions.-When feigned, they do not present 
the rigidity of muscles or the rapidity of action which 
characterize real convulsions. The mode of detec- 
tion must be the same as in Epilepsy. 
Cornea, Opaque.-Produced by the application of 
strong acid, by acrid powders, as quicklime, etc. The 
existence of the opacity can be detected by attentive 
observation. 
Cutaneous Diseases.-Some articles of diet will 
bring on urticaria or nettlerash in particular individ- 
uals, as shellfish, bitter almonds, etc. They may be 
produced by acrids, acids, or any irritants applied to 
the surface. An ointment of tartarized antimony 
causes a painful pustular eruption. See Porrigo, in 
this list. They may be detected by careful watching 
and examination on the part of practitioner and 
nurse. 
Deaf-dumbness-The really deaf and dumb ac- 
quire an expression of countenance and gestures 
which it is difficult to assume. It may be detected 
by anaesthetics, as under Aphonia. 
. Deafness.-It may be assumed or excited by put- 
ting a pea in the ear, or by inserting irritants, so as 
to induce inflammation and temporary loss of func- 
427 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
tion. To detect it, make a noise when not expected, 
and see if the countenance varies or pulse rises. Put 
him to sleep by opium, and then fire a pistol close to 
the ear when off his guard. Examine the ear to see 
if any trick has been played there. Try anaesthetics, 
as under Aphonia. 
Death.-Some persons possess the power of sus- 
pending or moderating the action of the heart. If 
suspected, the plan recommended under Apoplexy 
will be found most efficacious. 
Debility.-See Cachexia. 
Deformity.-Examine the part and its articula- 
tion naked, and compare it with the opposite side. 
Delirium.-Real delirium is accompanied by bod- 
ily disease; with general wandering and incoher- 
ency. The feigned is more confined to special 
subjects. 
Delivery.-After enlargement produced artifi- 
cially a subsidence of the tumefaction; the parts 
being moistened by borrowed blood, and the child 
of another substituted for the female's own. It can 
only be positively detected by examination per vag- 
inam. Soon after delivery the vagina will be re- 
laxed and the lochial discharge be flowing in greater 
abundance the shorter the time that may have elapsed 
since delivery. 
Diarrhcea.-Said to have been caused by a mix- 
ture of vinegar and burnt cork. May be occasioned 
by the use of any of the purgative roots, etc. When 
diarrhcea is feigned by the lower classes, inspect the 
linen: if clean, the bowels are probably not much 
out of order. Let every individual have a close-stool 
of his own, and inspect the evacuations, taking care 
that one suffering under the disease does not lend his 
evacuations to another. 
Dropsy.-May be feigned, like pregnancy, by wear- 
ing pads. The anasarcous condition of the lower 
limbs has been caused by applying a ligature round 
them. Also produced by inflating the cellular mem- 
brane of the abdomen. It can be detected by atten- 
tive examination. There will be a want of that leuco- 
phlegmatic habit which accompanies and character- 
izes dropsy. 
Dysentery.-May be feigned, like diarrhoea, by 
adding a little blood to the evacuations, or by intro- 
ducing a soap or some more irritating suppository. 
Same rules for detection may be employed as men- 
tioned under Diarrhcea. 
Epilepsy.-The foaming of the mouth has been 
produced by keeping a piece of soap in it. Sensation 
in epilepsy is totally abolished. If any remain, 
disease is probably feigned. Incontractility of pupil, 
which occurs in epilepsy, cannot be feigned. Same 
means to be used as in feigned apoplexy. 
Fever.-Produced by various stimulants, as wine, 
brandy, pepper; swallowing a small quantity of to- 
bacco or introducing it into the anus. Flour or chalk 
used to whiten the tongue. Redness of skin, caused 
by friction with a hard brush. This deceit is gen- 
erally developed by an examination of a day or two. 
When flour or chalk has been used to whiten the 
tongue, the line of demarcation between the whitened 
part and the clean, healthy margin of the tongue is 
too well marked to escape observation. 
Fistula in Ano.-Produced by making an incision 
near the verge of the anus, and introducing into it an 
acrid tent, such as the root of white hellebore. It 
may be detected by careful examination. 
Fractures.-There is generally nothing but the 
man's own testimony. He complains of pain in the 
part; if fracture of the skull be feigned, he states, 
perhaps, that he becomes deranged on tasting liquor. 
Detected by attentive examination. 
HaEMATemesis.-By drinking the blood of some 
animal or using some colored liquid, and then throw- 
ing it up. Detected by cutting off the supply of the 
fluid and careful examination. 
Haemoptysis.-By secreting bullock's blood for the 
purpose of coloring the saliva ; making small incisions 
in the mouth; using bole armeniac ot paint of ver- 
milion. Blood from the lungs is frothy and light- FEIGNED DISEASES 
colored. The mouth and fauces must be carefully 
inspected, and the individual be observed. 
Heart, Diseases of. See Palpitation. 
Hemorrhoids.-By introducing bladders of rats 
or of small fish partly into the rectum. The linen 
has also been stained with borrowed blood. The 
means of detection are obvious. 
Hepatitis.-Unless the person be a well-educated 
impostor, acute inflammation of the liver will be de- 
tected by the absence of marks of strong inflammatory 
action. Chronic liver disease is frequently not cha- 
racterized by well-marked symptoms, and hence, 
when assumed, is difficult of detection. 
Hernia.-Produced in the same manner as hydro- 
cele-by inflation. The detection is easy. 
Hydrocele.-Produced by puncturing the skin of 
the scrotum, and inflating the cellular membrane. 
The detection is easy. 
Hydrocephalus.-Produced by opening the in- 
teguments of the head-near the vertex, e. g.-and 
blowing in air. The detection is easy. 
Hysteria.-Does not easily resist the application 
of strong sternutatories to the nostrils. Attentive ex- 
amination necessary. 
Insanity.-The expression of countenance cannot 
easily be feigned, nor can the affection be kept up 
so long as in real mental alienation. The individual 
cannot do so long without food, sleep, etc., and is 
very apt to overdo his imitative actions. 
Jaundice.-Produced by coloring the skin with an 
infusion of turmeric or tincture of rhubarb. Clay- 
colored stools may be produced by taking daily a 
small quantity of muriatic acid. High-colored urine 
may be caused by rhubarb taken internally. The 
eyes cannot be colored, although smoke has been used 
for this purpose. The skin must be washed to remove 
the coloring matter, if any exist, and the supply of 
acid and rhubarb be prevented. 
Lameness.-Produced by keeping the limb in a 
contracted state, and resisting any efforts to move it. 
May be detected by two persons taking hold of the 
individual and moving rapidly along with him, and 
when they are tired having relays. The impostor 
will generally give in. May also be detected by an- 
aesthetics, as under Aphonia. 
Menstruation.-Produced by staining the clothes 
and body with borrowed blood. May be detected by 
cutting off the supply. 
Myopia.-Present an open book, and apply the 
leaves close to the nose. If it cannot be read dis- 
tinctly when thus placed, or when glasses proper for 
short-sightedness are used, the disease is feigned. 
Ophthalmia.-Excited by a variety of acrid and 
corrosive substances applied to the eye, as lime, etc. 
A portion of black muslin is spread over the cornea. 
The eyelashes are sometimes extracted, and caustic 
applied to excite disease in the eyelids. When oph- 
thalmia is thus excited, its progress is ordinarily very 
rapid, arriving at its height within a few hours. 
Ozjena.-Produced by impregnating a piece of 
sponge with some offensive juices or oils mixed with 
decayed cheese, and putting the imbued sponge into 
the nostrils. 
Pains.-The detection is here often difficult. The 
non-existence of pain cannot be proved, and great 
pain may be present without any appearance exter- 
nally. The imposition is more frequently detected 
by inconsistencies and contradictions in the patient's 
history of the case than in any other manner. 
Palpitation.-White hellebore, given in the dose 
of 10 or 12 grains, and repeated, will occasion general 
indisposition and undue action of the heart. To de- 
tect it, cut off the supply. 
Shaking Palsy.-May be suspected if the person 
be in an ordinary state of vigor. To detect it, use 
violent remedies and means recommended under 
Chorea. 
Paralysis.-Violent remedies are here required, 
as cold affusion, actual cautery, electric shocks, etc. 
May be detected by anaesthetics, as under Aphonia. 
Phthisis Pulmonalis.-Individuals with long 
428 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
necks and contracted shoulders have simulated phthi- 
sis by covering the chest with blisters, cicatrices of 
issues, etc., and by taking drugs which cause pale- 
ness. May be detected by attentive examination of 
the symptoms. 
Polypus Nasi.-Produced by introducing the tes- 
ticle of a young cock or the kidney of a rabbit into 
the nostril, and retaining it there by means of a 
sponge fastened to it. 
Porrigo or Scalled Head.-Produced by apply- 
ing nitric acid to the head, after protecting the face 
with fatty substances; but the chronic state is imi- 
tated by the use of depilatories of different kinds ap- 
plied sometimes in patches, so as to resemble Porrigo 
decalvans. 
Pregnancy.-Produced by wearing pads and as- 
suming the longing after particular articles of diet, 
etc. Detected by the absence of the areola, the pres- 
ence of a pad, and, if necessary, by examination per 
vaginam. 
Prolapsus Ani.-Produced by a portion of the in- 
testine of the ox, in which a sponge filled with a 
mixture of blood and milk is placed. 
Prolapsus Uteri.-A similar fraud. 
Pulse, Weakness or Defect of.-Produced by 
ligatures applied to the corresponding arm. Slowness 
of pulse may be caused by the use of veratrum vi- 
ride. Detected by examining whether the arteries 
of the two arms beat alike, and if a ligature be placed 
on the arm. 
Rheumatism, Chronic.-Complaint of great suf- 
fering on moving the limbs, and of pain and stiffness 
of the joints. Detected by careful observation and 
the use of anaesthetics, as under Aphonia. It is fre- 
quently feigned, and not easy of detection. See 
Pains. 
Scrofula.-Produced by exciting ulcers below the 
angles of the jaw. Detected by examining the gen- 
eral habit, and observing whether the ulcerations be 
glandular, and the discharge of a scrofulous cha- 
racter. 
Scurvy.-Produced by covering the teeth with 
wax, and then applying acid corrosive substances to 
the gums. Detected by examining the general habit 
-whether debilitated, cachectic, and possessing the 
usual general signs of scorbutus. 
Stammering.-Simulators of this defect generally 
state that it is connate, or ascribe it to a fit of apo- 
plexy or severe fever. Where the organs of speech 
were perfect, and the moral evidence of the previous 
existence of the infirmity was not satisfactory, the 
French authorities used to confine the soldiers, and 
not supply them with food until they called for it 
without stammering. 
Strabismus.-If the person be roused suddenly 
from sleep, the eyes will be right, as they also are 
during sleep. Under anaesthetics they would be so 
likewise. 
Stricture of the Urethra.-Detected by pass- 
ing a bougie. 
Swelling of the Legs.-Produced by ligatures 
round the thighs. To detect it, examine the limbs 
uncovered. 
Syncope.-Ligatures are sometimes used to pre- 
vent the pulse being felt. Lotions are applied to the 
face to make it pale. Detected by using sternuta- 
tories and by the absence of some of the symptoms of 
syncope. Examine the naked arms. Wash the face. 
Tuberculosis. See Phthisis. 
Tympany.-Persons have possessed the power of 
swallowing air so as to distend the stomach and to 
simulate tympany. 
Ulcer of the Ear.-Produced by introducing a 
tent imbued with blistering plaster into the ear, and 
repeating the application until the tube becomes ul- 
cerated, and a discharge of puriform matter is estab- 
lished. The fetid smell is imitated by dropping into 
the ear a mixture of empyreumatic oil, asafoetida, and 
old cheese; also by introducing a little honey into the 
meatus. May be detected by careful examination. 
Ulcers of the Legs, Etc.-Produced by corro- FEL 
gives or irritants; sometimes by abrasion, by rubbing 
sand on the shin-bone. At others they are pretended, 
by gluing on a piece of spleen or the skin of a frog. 
Artificial ulcers have usually a more distinct margin, 
and are more readily healed than others, the latter 
being generally indicative of an impaired constitu- 
tion. 
Urine, Bloody.--The fruit of the Indian fig {Cac- 
tus opuntia) colors the urine as red as blood. Canthar- 
ides will cause it. Blood may also be procured and 
mixed with the urine. May be detected by making 
the patient pass his urine in the presence of the 
physician, and examining the vessel before and after, 
and by cutting off the supply of any substance which 
could cause the appearance. 
Urine, Incontinence of.-Difficult, at times, of 
detection. Give the person a full dose of opium, and 
introduce the catheter when he is asleep. If there be 
urine, the incontinence is feigned. 
Varicose Veins.-Produced by a ligature placed 
tightly round the limb. They may be excited in this 
manner, or aggravated if already existing. Detected 
by examining the limb. 
Pel. Bile. F. anguil'lse, see Bile. F. bovi'num or 
bo'vis (Ph. U. S.), bile of ox. F. bo'vis, see Bile. F. 
bo'vis inspissa'tum (Ph. U. S.), inspissated ox-bile. 
F. bo'vis purifica'tum (Ph. U. S. and Br.), see Bile of 
the ox. F. natu'rse, aloes. F. tau'ri, see Bile. F. 
ter'rae, Erythrsea centaurium, Ludus Helmontii. F. 
ur'si, see Bile. F. vit'ri, see Vitrum. 
Feld'wood. Verbascum thapsus, species of Gen- 
tiana. 
Fel'leous. Biliary; bilious. 
Fel'lic acid. C23II40O4. An acid derived from bile. 
Felliducous, fel-lid'u-kus {fel, duco, to lead). Chol- 
agogue. 
Fellifluous, fel-lif lu-us {fel, bile, fluo, to flow). 
Cholagogue. 
Fellineus, fel-lin'e-us. Bilious. 
Fellinic (fel-lin'ik) acid. Acid derived from digest- 
ing bilin with muriatic acid. 
Fel'lis obstruc'tio (obstruction of bile), suffu'sio, 
or superfu'sio. See Icterus. 
Fell'wort. Gentiana lutea. 
Felo de se. Suicide. 
Fel'on. Paronychia; whitlow; inflammation of 
cellular tissue around the finger; periphalangeal cel- 
lulitis. 
Fel'onwort. Solanum dulcamara. 
Felt'ing. Tangling. Term applied to the hair 
when inextricably interlaced, as occurs occasionally 
in women from inattention. 
Fel'wort. Gentiana lutea. 
Fe'male. In animals, one that engenders and bears 
young; also used adjectively, as female sex, etc. F. 
blade, blade of an instrument made for reception of 
the male blade. F. cath'eter, short catheter for the 
female bladder. F. fern, Asplenium filix fcemina; 
anthelmintic. F. parts, vulva. F. pronu'cleus, nu- 
cleus derived from the germinal vesicle of the ovum. 
Femel'la. Female. 
Fe'men. Thigh (inner part); femur; vulva. 
Femina. Female. 
Fem'inal. Pubes. 
Femin'eous. Female. 
Feminescence, fem-in-es'sence {foemina, female). 
Possession or assumption of certain male character- 
istics by the female. 
Feminin'ity. Feminity. 
Feminism, fem'in-izm {foemina, female). Defective 
or abnormal sexual development of the male, leading 
to assumption of female characteristics and tastes. 
Feminity. Aggregation of characteristics of the 
female. 
Femorse'us. Crurseus. 
Fem'oral {femur, thigh). Belonging or relating to 
the thigh. F. arch, crural arch ; Poupart's ligament. 
F. ar'tery, literally artery of the thigh. The super- 
ficial femoral is a continuation of the external iliac ; 
becomes afterward popliteal. Deep or Prof unda femoris 
is a branch of it. Common femoral artery is part of the 
429 
FENESTRAL 
superficial femoral above the point at which the deep 
artery is given off. F. bone, os fenioris or thigh-bone. 
F. canal', crural canal. F. crest, linea aspera. F. 
her'nia, see Merocele. F. lig'ament, falciform process. 
F. ring, crural canal. F. sheath, investment of fascia 
around the femoral artery, made up of a continuation 
of the transversalis fascia in front and pelvic fascia 
behind. F. vein, chief venous trunk of the lower 
extremity, accompanying the artery. Deep femoral 
or Profunda femoris vein is distributed with the deep 
femoral artery. 
Femoralis, fem-o-ral'is. Femoral; triceps extensor 
cruris. 
Femoreus, fem-o-ra'us. See Triceps cruris or Cru- 
rseus. 
Fem'oro. In composition, relating to the femur. 
Fem'oro-calca'nean. Eelating to the femur and 
heel. 
Fem'oro-calca'neus. Plantaris. 
Fem'oro-caud'al. Eelating to the femur and tail. 
Femorocele, fem-or-o-se'le (Eng. fem'or-o-seel) {fe- 
mur, Icele, hernia). Femoral hernia. 
Fem'oro-coccyge'us. Eelating to femur and coc- 
cyx. 
Fem'oro-cuta'neous. Eelating to skin of thigh. 
F.-c. nerve, external cutaneous nerve of thigh. 
Fem'oro-gen'ital. Eelating to thigh and genital 
organs. F.-g. nerve, genito-crural nerve. 
Fem'oro-phalange'us. Muscle in lower animals 
corresponding to plantaris and flexor digitoTum brevis 
in man. 
Fem'oro-popllte'al. Eelating to thigh and pop- 
liteal space or to popliteal region of thigh. F.-p. 
ar'teries, perforating arteries. F.-p. vein, branch 
of femoral vein emptying into short saphenous 
vein. 
Fem'oro-poplit'eo-tib'ial mus'cle. Popliteus. 
Fem'oro-prephalangse'us. Muscle in lower ani- 
mals corresponding with extensor longus digitorum 
pedis in man. 
Fem'oro-pretib'ial. Eelating to thigh and front 
part of leg. F.-p. nerves, branches of long saphenous 
nerve to inner side of leg. 
Fem'oro-tib'ial. Belonging to femur and tibia, as 
Femoro-tibial articulation, knee-joint. 
Fem'oro-vas'cular. Eelating to femoral canal. 
Fe'mur. The thigh; thigh-bone; strongest and 
longest of all the bones of the body, extending from 
the pelvis to the tibia, and forming solid part of thigh. 
It is cylindrical, slightly curved anteriorly, unsym- 
metrical, and oblique downward and inward. The 
body of the bone is prismatic, and has behind a prom- 
inent ridge, linea aspera. The processes on the femur 
are at the upper or pelvic extremity-the head sup- 
ported on a column or neck, the great trochanter, the 
lesser trochanter; at the inferior or tibial extremity 
the external condyle, internal condyle, external tu- 
berosity, and internal tuberosity. The femur ossifies 
from five points: one on each process of the pelvic 
extremity; one in the body of the bone ; and two on 
the condyles. It is articulated with the pelvis, tibia, 
and patella. See Thigh. 
Fenestra, fen-es'trah (window). Anatomists have 
given this name to two apertures situate in the inner 
paries of the cavity of the tympanum. One of these, 
fenestra ovalis or vestibuli or vestibularis, foramen 
ovale, is oval-shaped, situate at the base of the stapes, 
and corresponds with cavity of vestibule. The other 
is fenestra rotunda or cochlearis or triquetra, foramen 
rotundum. F. coch'leae, see Fenestra. F. cochlea'ris, 
see Fenestra. F. larynge'a, space covered by crico-thy- 
roid membrane, is closed by a fine, transparent mem- 
brane, membrana tympani secundaria, tympanum 
minus or secundarium, membrana fenestra; rotunds®, 
and corresponds to inner scala of cochlea. Also open 
space in the blades of the forceps. F. oc'uli, pupil. 
F. ova'lis, see Fenestra. F. rotun'da, see Fenestra. F. 
semiova'lis, F. ovalis. F. trique'tra, see Fenestra. 
F. vestib'uli or vestibula'ris, see Fenestra. 
Fenes'tral or Fen'estrated {fenestra, window). 
Having fenestrae. Bandages, compresses, or plasters FENESTRATED 
with small perforations or openings, which prevent 
the detention of the discharge. 
Fenestrated, fen'es-tra-ted. Fenestral. F. lay'er, 
see Retina. F. memzbrane, see Artery. 
Fen'nel. Anethum. F., dogs', Anthemis cotula. 
F. flower, nigella. F. fruit, fruit of Fceniculum vul- 
gare; has stimulant and carminative properties. F., 
hogs', peucedanum. F. seed, fennel. F., sweet, 
anethum. F. water, aqua foeniculi. 
Fen'ugreek. Trigonella feenum. 
Feraconitine, fer-ak-on'it-een. Pseudaconitine; 
alkaloid obtained from Nepal aconite. 
Feralis pediculus, fer-al'is ped-ik'u-lus. Crab-louse 
or pediculus pubis. 
Fergusson's speculum, fur'gus-son's spek'u-lum. 
Silvered glass vaginal speculum. 
Fe'rine (tfera, wild beast). Term applied to any 
malignant or noxious disease. 
Ferment, fur'me nt (ferveo, to be hot). Leaven. Sub- 
stance having property of modifying the nature of or- 
ganic or other substances under influence of heat and 
moisture. Ferments split up carbon compounds at 
moderate temperatures, leading to formation of other 
carbon compounds. Certain forms of schizomycetes, 
capable of producing fermentation, are called organic 
ferments. Ferments such as diastase, ptyalin, and 
pepsin contain carbon, and are therefore called or- 
ganic ; but, as they have no definite structure, are 
called unformed ferments or enzymes. See Enzymes 
(table). F., curdling, see Ferments, digestive (table). 
F., diastatic, diastase of saliva and pancreatic juice; 
see Ferments, digestive (table). F. of liv'er, glycogen. 
F., pep'tic, pepsin ; papayotin. F., proteolytic, F. in 
digestion, changing fibrin into peptone. F. of sali'va, 
ptyalin. F., sep'tic, substance from decomposing ani- 
mal tissues capable of infecting the blood of animals 
when introduced into it. F. of stom'ach, pepsin. 5., 
un'formed, enzyme. 
Fermentation. Decomposition of a body by action 
of a ferment, as by that of micro-organisms. See Fer- 
ment. F., ace'tic, change taking place under influ- 
ence of bacillus aceti in alcoholic solutions, by which 
they are converted into vinegar. F., albu'mlnoid, 
change effected in liquids by conversion into albu- 
minous matter. F., alcoholic, process by which sac- 
charine and other matters are changed into alcohol 
by decomposition of glucose. F., ammoni'acal, 
change produced in the urine under the influence of 
the micrococcus ureas. F., butyric, Butyric acid or 
Butyrous F., development of butyric acid from starch, 
dextrin, glucose, glycerin, etc., under the influence 
of the bacillus butyricus and other microbes. F. fez- 
ver, fever due to absorption of fibrin ferments. F., 
lactic, conversion of sweet into sour milk under the 
influence of the bacillus lacticus. F., putrefaclive, 
putrefaction. F. test, test for glucose in urine by 
generation of carbonic acid gas from multiplication 
of yeast-fungus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, at a tem- 
perature of 75° to 80° F., by adding to three ounces 
of urine a fluidrachm of ordinary yeast; if sugar is 
present, fermentation occurs. F. the'ory of disease, 
Zymotic theory. Theory that poison in the atmosphere 
or derived from an affected person acts as a ferment 
to textural waste-products lingering in the body of a 
healthy but predisposed person. F., vi'nous, F., al- 
coholic. 
Fer'ments, digestive. These are agents in vari- 
ous parts of the alimentary canal which exert a special 
action on the food as it passes along. See Pepsin, Pty- 
alin, Trypsin, etc. The term Enzyme has been recently 
introduced to signify ferments such as those referred 
to-pepsin, ptyalin, trypsin, etc.-which, though they 
contain carbon, and are therefore called organic, are 
not alive and have no definite structure, or, in other 
words, are not organized (Brunton). 
The following table, by Roberts, presents, at a 
glance, a sketch of the different digestive juices and 
ferments, and the specific action of the latter on 
different forms of food materials, as starch, sugar, 
fat, proteids, etc., in various parts of the alimentary 
canal: 
430 
FERRI 
Table of Ferments contained in the Diges- 
tive Juices. 
Digestive Juices. Ferments contained Action as Food Ma- 
in them. terials. 
Saliva. Salivary diastase or Changes starch inro 
ptyalin. dextrin and su- 
. Rar. 
Gastric juice. 
Pepsin. Changes proteids in- 
to peptones in an 
acid medium. 
Curdling ferment. Curdles the casein 
of milk. 
Trypsin. Changes proteids in- 
to peptones in al- 
kaline and neu- 
tral media. 
Curdling ferment. Curdles the casein 
of milk. 
Pancreatic diastase. Changes starch into 
dextrin and su- 
gar. 
Emulsive ferment. Emulsifies and par- 
tially saponifies 
fats. 
Pancreaticjuice. 
Bile. Assists in emulsi- 
fying fats. 
Intestinal juice. 
Invertin. Changes cane-sugar 
into invert sugar. 
Curdling ferment. Curdles the casein 
of milk. 
(See also table under Enzymes (unformed ferments). 
Fermen'tinn. Ferment; yeast. F. cerevis'ise, yeast. 
F. mor'bi, ferment. F. ventric'uli, ferment of stom- 
ach ; gastric juice. 
Fern. Filix. F. bush, Comptonia asplenifolia. F., 
cin'namon, Osmunda cinnamomea. F., ea'gle, Pteris 
aquilina. F., fe'male, Asplenium filix fcemina, Pte- 
ris aquilina. F., flow'ering, Osmunda regalis. F. 
gale, Comptonia asplenifolia. F., male, Polypodium 
filix mas. F., mead'ow, Comptonia asplenifolia. F. 
rock, Adiantum pedatum. F. root, Polypodium 
vulgare. F., sweet, Adiantum pedatum, Comptonia 
asplenifolia. F., sweet, shrub'by, Comptonia asple- 
nifolia. 
Fernambu'co wood. Csesalpinia echinata. 
Fern'freckle or Fern'tickle. Freckles; ephelides. 
Fero'lia Guianen'sis or variega'ta. Atlas-wood; 
inner bark is used in baths, etc. 
Feronia elephantum, fer-o'ne-ah el-ef-an'tum (from 
the goddess Feronia). Wood-apple tree; elephant 
wood or apple; tree of India yielding gum resembling 
gum arabic; leaves, aromatic and of an odor re- 
sembling anise, are carminative; unripe fruit is 
astringent. F. pellu'cida, 2Egle marmelos; covolam. 
Ferramentum, fer-ram-en'tum. Any surgical in- 
strument made of iron. Instrument used in difficult 
labor. 
Ferraria, fer-rah're-ah. Scrophularia aquatica. 
Fer'rate. Salt of ferric acid. 
Fer'rated. Containing iron; chalybeate. 
Ferra'tus (ferrum, iron). Chalybeate. 
Ferrein', canal of. Triangular channel which 
Ferrein (French physician of 18th century) supposed 
to result from the approximation of the free edges of 
the eyelids applied to the globe of the eye; he con- 
sidered it adapted for directing the tears toward the 
puncta lacrymalia during sleep. Cortical canals, the 
first portions of the uriniferous ducts while still in 
the cortical substance of the kidney. F., cords of, 
inferior vocal cords. F., pyr'amids of, each papilla 
of the kidney, according to Ferrein, consists of at least 
700 subordinate cones or pyramids. Pyramids of Fer- 
rein, Pyramides renales Ferreini, Fasciculi pyramidales 
or corticales, Lobuli renum, cone-shaped extensions of 
medullary substance of kidney into the cortical por- 
tion. F., tubes of, cortical portion of uriniferous 
tubes. 
Fer'ri ace'tas. Acetate of iron, ferric acetate, iron 
liquor; made from carbonate of iron and acetic acid. 
Dose of the tincture is 15-30 min. F. seru'go, F. sub- 
carbonas. F. et alumin'ii sul'phas, sulphate of iron 
and aluminium, is made by treating bicarbonated 
solution of soft iron and carbonated solution of pure 
washed alumina, with sulphuric acid. F. et ammo'nii 
ci'tras, ferri ammonio-citras. F. et ammo'nii mu'rias, FERRI 
ferrum ammoniatum. F. et ammo'nii sul'phas (Ph. 
U. S.), sulphate of iron and ammonium, sulphate of 
iron and ammonia, ammonio-ferric alum; used in 
atonic uterine leucorrhcea, chronic diarrhoea, and dys- 
entery; externally, in relaxation of uvula, uterus, 
etc. Dose, v to x grains. F. et ammo'nii tar'tras 
(Ph. U. S.), tartrate of ammonium and iron. Dose, 
iv to x grains. F. ammo'nio-chlo'ridum, ferrum 
ammoniatum. F. ammo'nio-ci'tras, Ferri et ammo- 
nii citras (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Ammonio-citrate of iron, 
Citrate of ammonia and iron, Citrate of iron and ammo- 
nium. It is more soluble than the citrate. Dose, gr. v 
to gr. x. A potassio-citrate and a sodio-citrate of iron 
have also been introduced, and a citrate of the mag- 
netic oxide of iron prepared by combining the mag- 
netic oxide with citric acid. F. ammo'nio-tar'tras, 
Ferri et ammonii tartras (Ph. U. S.), Ammonio-tartrate of 
iron, Tartrate of iron and ammonia, Ammonio-ferric tar- 
trate, T. of iron and ammonium. It is very soluble. The 
dose is 5-15 grains in pill or solution. F. arse'nias 
(Ph. Br.), arseniate of iron. Dose, gr. F. 
ben'zoas, unofficinal preparation of iron. Dose, gr. 
j-v. F. Borus'sias, Prussian blue. F. bro'mldum, 
Bromide of iron, Ferrous bromide, in solution, Hydro- 
bromate of iron, Ferri hydrobromas. Tonic and alter- 
ative, with the peculiar therapeutical qualities of the 
bromides. Dose, gr. j-v. F. carbo'nas, F. subcarbonas. 
The dose of the syrup of the bromide is TTUxv-lx. -F. 
carbo'nas efferves'cens, Effervescing carbonate of iron. 
Carbonate of iron prepared with tartaric acid, bicar- 
bonate of sodium, sulphate of iron, powdered sugar, 
and citric acid. F. carbo'nas sacchara'tus (Ph. U. 
S. and Br.), saccharated carbonate of iron; chalybeate 
tonic. Dose, gr. v-xv, in pill. See F. protocarbonas. 
F. carbo'nas cum sac'charo, see Ferri protocarbonas. 
F. carbona'tum, graphites. F. carbure'tum, graph- 
ites. F. chlo'ridum (Ph. U. S.), Fe2C1612H2O, Ferric 
chloride, Chloride, Sesquichloride, Perchloride, or Mu- 
riate of iron, is obtained by the action of muriatic 
acid and nitric acid on iron wire. Dose, gr. i-iij. It is 
generally prescribed in the form of Tinctura ferri 
chloridi. It is considered one of the most reliable 
preparations of iron. Dose, Ytbx_xxx- A. concentrated 
solution of the perchloride has been used as an injec- 
tion for the radial cure of aneurism, and it has been 
employed wherever a powerful styptic has been need- 
ed. It forms the Liquor ferri chloridi (Ph. U. S. and Br.). 
F. ci'tras (Ph. U.S.), Citrate of iron. Fe2(C6H5O7)2,6H2O. 
The citrate resembles in medical properties the tar- 
trate and the lactate of iron. Dose, five grains or 
more. F. cyanure'tum, see Prussian blue. F. deuto- 
carbo'nas fus'cus, F. subcarbonas. F. deutox'idum 
ni'grum, sethiops martialis. F. ferrocy'anas, Prus- 
sian blue. F. ferrocyan'idum, Prussian blue. F. fer- 
rocyanure'tum, Prussian blue. F. fi'lum, iron wire. 
F. hydri'odas, F. iodidum. F. hydrocy'anas, Prus- 
sian blue. F. hypercarbure'tum, graphites. F. bypo- 
phos'phis (Ph. U. S.), Hypophosphite of iron. It has 
the tonic properties of the iron with the other thera- 
peutic qualities of the hypophosphites. Dose, gr. 
v-x, three times a day, and in syrup in the dose of a 
fluidrachm. See Hypophosphites. F. io'dldum or 
iodure'tum, Iodide or loduret of iron, Ferrous iodide, 
Hydriodate of iron, Ferri hydriodas. The iodide is 
officinal in the form of the pill and syrup; see Pilules 
ferri iodidi and Syrupus ferri iodidi. Dose, gr. j-v, 
and in the syrup of the iodide hbx_xxx- F. io'didum 
sacchara'tum (Ph. U. S.), saccharated ferrous iodide. 
Identical with saccharated iodide of iron of the German 
Pharmacopoeia. The ferrous iodide is preserved by con- 
tact with sugar of milk. Dose, gr. ij-v. F. lac'tas (Ph. 
U. S.), Lactate of iron, L. of protoxide of iron. Fe(C3Hs- 
O3)2.3H2O. Employed in the same cases as the precipi- 
tated subcarbonate of iron, and especially in chlorosis. 
The dose is gr. j-v three times a day, in lozenges. F. 
limatu'ra purifica'ta, Purified iron filings-purified 
by means of the magnet for internal use. The filings 
are also called Ferri scobs, F. ramenta, F. fila, Ferri or 
Martis limatura, Speculum indicum, Ferri in pulverem 
resolutio. They are considered to possess the general 
properties of iron-the iron becoming oxidized. F. 
431 
L FERRI 
et magne'sise ci'tras, Citrate of iron and magnesia. 
It is soluble in water, and does not constipate. Dose, 
from four grains to fifteen, in solution. F. ma'las, 
malate or pomate of iron; agreeable mild tonic. 
Dose, gr. v-xv. F. ni'tras, see Liquor ferri nitratis. 
F. nitra'tis li'quor, see Liquor ferri nitratis. F. 
ox'alas (Ph. U. S.), Oxalate of iron. It is tonic with- 
out being astringent. Dose, two or three grains, in 
pill. F. ox'idum fu'sum, F. subcarbonas. F. ox'- 
idum hydra'tum (Ph. U. S. and Br.), ferrum oxida- 
tum hydratum. F. ox'idum hydra'tum cum mag- 
ne'sia (Ph. U. S.), hydrated oxide of iron with mag- 
nesia. Composed of solution of tersulphide of iron, 
magnesia, and water, and used as an antidote to ar- 
senic, being administered freely in tablespoonful doses. 
F. ox'idum magnet'icum, oxidum ferri nigrum. F. 
ox'idum ni'grum, oxidum ferri nigrum. F. ox'idum 
ru'brum, colcothar; ferri subcarbonas. F. ox'idum 
sacchara'tum, Saccharated oxide of iron. Dark-brown 
powder, made by dissolving iron in nitric acid, filter- 
ing, evaporating, adding sugar, and an excess of sugar 
in water of ammonia, and precipitating with alcohol. 
F. perchlo'ridum, see Ferri chloridum. F. percyan'- 
idum, Prussian blue. F. perox'idum hu'midum, fer- 
rum oxidatum hydratum. F. perox'ydum hydra'tum, 
ferrum oxidatum hydratum. F. persesquini'tras, see 
Liquor ferri nitratis. F. persul'phas, see Ferri sulphas. 
F. phos'phas (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Phosphate of iron, 
Ferric phosphate. By double decomposition between 
sulphate of iron and sodium phosphate. Dose, gr. j-v, 
as a chalybeate. The British Pharmacopoeia has a 
Syrupus ferri phosphatis, Syrup of phosphate of iron 
(gr. j of the phosphate to fo.j of syrup), the dose of 
which is a fluidrachm or more. A compound syrup 
of phosphate of iron has been much used in routine 
practice in the United States under the absurd name 
of " chemical food." F. po'mas, pomate of iron; ferri 
malas. F. et potas'sse tar'tras, ferrum tartarizatum. 
F. et potas'sii tar'tras (Ph. U. S. and Br.), ferrum 
tartarizatum. F. potas'sio-ci'tras, see Ferri ammonio- 
citras. F. potas'sio-tar'tras, ferrum tartarizatum. 
F. protocarfoo'nas, Protocarbonate of iron, Ferrous 
carbonate. The protocarbonate of iron, thrown down 
from a solution of the sulphate of iron by the car- 
bonate of sodium, readily attracts oxygen and be- 
comes converted into the sesquioxide. To prevent 
this, it may be associated with honey and sugar, and 
the mixture be reduced by evaporation to a pilular 
consistence. The mass consitutes the ferruginous pills 
of Vallet, Vallet's pills; see Pilulee ferri carbonatis. 
The Ferri carbonas saccharatum (ferri carbonas cum 
saccharo, saccharine carbonate of iron) is prepared 
in this manner; also called the Ferrum carbonicum 
saccharatum and Ferri carbonas saccharata, Saccharated 
carbonate of iron of the Ph. B. The protocarbonate 
is given in the same diseases as the lactate of 
iron; ten or fifteen grains in the course of twenty- 
four hours. F. protosul'phas vir'idls, F. sulphas. 
F. Prus'sias, Prussian blue. F. pul'vis, Ferrum 
redactum, Powder of iron, Iron by hydrogen, Reduced 
iron. Quevenne's iron. It is very liable to become 
oxidized, and must be kept in a dry, well-stopped 
bottle. It has been prescribed in anaemic and 
especially in chlorotic cases. The ordinary dose 
is three to six grains or more, three times a day, 
in pill made with sugar and gum. There is a 
Ferrum redactum in the Ph. B., which is metallic 
iron with a variable amount of magnetic oxide. 
F. pyrophos'phas (Ph. U. S.) Pyrophosphate of iron, 
Ferric pyrophosphate. A reaction between citrate of 
iron and pyrophosphate of sodium. On account of 
its solubility it is a favorite ingredient in the prepa- 
ration of elixirs of iron, etc. Dose, two to five grains. 
F. et quini'nse ci'tras (Ph. U. S. and Br.), citrate of 
iron and quinine (ferri citras, 88; quinine, dried, 
12; aqua destill., q. s. ad 100, mixed and evapo- 
rated). Astringent and stimulant to digestive tract, 
and prescribed in cases where a combination of these 
tonics is indicated. Dose, gr. v to x, containing one 
or two grains of quinine. F. ramen'ta, F. limatura. 
F. rubi'go, F. subcarbonas. F. sal'icylas, iron sal- FERRIC 
licylate. F. scobs, F. limatura. F. sesquichlo'ridum, 
F. chloridum. F. sesquini'tras, see Liquor ferri ni- 
tratis. F. sesquiox'idum, F. subcarbonas preecipita- 
tus. F. so'dio-ci'tras, see Ferri ammonio-citras. F. et 
strychni'nse ci'tras (Ph. U. S.), Citrate of iron and 
strychnia. Separate solutions of citrate of iron and 
ammonium, and of strychnia with citric acid are made 
in distilled water, which are mixed and evaporated 
and dried in scales. Dose, gr. j to iij. F. subcarbo'- 
nas, F. carbonas, F. rubigo. (The last two terms, as well 
as Fer rugo, are applied to the subcarbonate or rust, lEru- 
go ferri, Cacaferri, formed by the action of moist air on 
metallic iron.) A protoxide of iron oxidized by the 
decomposition of water, carbonic acid being attracted 
from the air. Dose, gr. v to xxx or more. Ferri sub- 
carbonas, Subcarbonate of iron, Precipitated carbonate of 
iron, may be precipitated from sulphate of iron by 
carbonate of sodium. It has also been called Sesquiox- 
ide or Peroxide of iron. F. suc'clnas, iron succinate; 
this salt has been recommended for relief of catarrhal 
jaundice and for those who have a redundancy of fatty 
tissue. F. sul'phas (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Vitriol, Sulphate 
of iron, Ferrous sulphate, Green vitriol, Copperas. The 
United States Pharmacopoeia directs it to be made by 
the action of sulphuric acid on iron wire in water- 
evaporating, crystallizing, and drying the crystals on 
bibulous paper. This salt is inodorous and of a strong 
styptic taste; the crystals are light green, transpar- 
ent, and soluble in two parts of water; it is tonic and 
anthelmintic. Dose, gr. j to iij and more. F. per- 
sulphas, Persulphate of iron, Ferric sulphate, Monsel's 
salt, is a powerful coagulant and styptic. A formula 
for Liquor ferri subsulphatis, Solution of subsulphate of 
iron, Solution of persulphate of iron, Monsel's solution, 
is in the Ph. U. S. F. s. calcina'tum, colcothar. F. 
s. exsicca'tus (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Ferri sulphas exsic- 
cata, dried sulphate of iron; sulphate of iron exposed 
to a moderate heat until it is capable of being reduced 
to powder; in this form it can be made into pills. 
Dose, gr. ss-ij. F. s. granula'ta, Granulated sulphate 
of iron. Ph. B. has a formula for the preparation of 
this salt, the ingredients being iron wire, sulphuric 
acid, distilled water, and rectified spirit. Dose, gr. j-v. 
F. s. prsecipita'tus (Ph. U. S. and Br.), precipitated 
sulphate of iron; precipitated ferrous sulphate, identi- 
cal with granulated sulphate of iron, ferri sulphas gran- 
ulata (Ph. Br.). F. sulphure'tum, Sulphuret of iron, 
Ferrous sulphide, Iron pyrites (by heating sublimed sul- 
phur over iron filings), a ready means for obtaining 
hydrosulphuric-acid gas by the addition of sulphuric 
or chlorohydric acid. F. tan'nas, Tannate of iron (by 
adding a solution of a salt of sesquioxide of iron, 
as the persulphate, to-a decoction of nut-galls); tonic 
and astringent, and extolled in chlorosis. F. tar'- 
tarum, ferrum tartarizatum. F. tritox'idum, colco- 
thar. F. valeria'nas (Ph. U. S.), Valerianate of iron 
(formed by the action of valerianic acid, on oxide 
of iron), dark brick-red powder, insoluble in water, 
given in hysteria complicating chlorosis. Dose, j to 
iij gr. 
Fer'ric ac'etate. Ferri acetas. F. chlo'ride, ferri 
chloridum. F. hy'drate, ferrum oxydatum hydra- 
turn. F. ni'trate, see Liquor ferri nitratis. F. ox'ide, 
colcothar. F. pyrophos'phate, ferri pyrophosphas. 
F. sul'phate, see Ferri sulphas. 
Fer'ricus hy'dras. Ferrum oxydum hydratum. 
Ferrocy'anide. Salt produced by union of ferro- 
cyanic acid with a base. 
Ferro-ferric hydrate. Oxidum ferri nigrum. 
Ferromanganic, fer-ro-man-gan'ik. Composed of 
iron and manganese. 
Ferrosaline (fer-ro-sal-ine') mix'ture. See Mixture, 
ferrosaline. 
Fer'rous arse'nlate. Ferri arsenias. F. bro'mide, 
ferri bromidum. F. car'bonate, ferri protocarbonas. 
F. i'odide, ferri iodidum. F. lac'tate, ferri lactas. 
F. ox'alate, ferri oxalas. F. phos'phate, ferri phos- 
phas. F. sul'phate, ferri sulphas. F. sul'phide, ferri 
sulphuretum. 
Ferrugineous (fer-ru-gin'e-ous) or Ferru'ginous. 
Chalybeate. 
432 
FERULA 
Ferru'go (ferrum, rubigo, rust). Ferri subcarbonas; 
ferrum oxidatum hydratum. 
Fer'rum. Metal of a bluish-gray color; fibrous 
texture; brilliant and fine-grained fracture. Specific 
gravity 7.8; hard, ductile, malleable, and magnetic. 
Ferrum (Ph. U. S.) is metallic iron in the form of fine, 
bright, and non-elastic wire. It formerly included 
also ferri ramenta, iron filings. The medicinal virtues 
of iron are tonic; producing fetid eructations, when 
it takes effect, owing to its meeting with acid in the 
stomach, which oxidizes it and causes the evolution 
of hydrogen gas. When given in the metallic state, 
the filings are chiefly used; but the oxides and salts 
are most commonly employed. F. aceticum, ferri 
acetas. F. ammoniacate, F. ammoniatum. F. am- 
moni'aco-cit'ricum, ferri ammonio-citras. F. am- 
moniatum or ammoniaca'le, Ferti ammo'nio-chlo'- 
ridum, Ammoniated iron, Ammonio-chloride of iron. A 
mixture of subcarbonate of iron, muriatic acid, and 
muriate of ammonium. Dose, gr. iij-xv. F. arsenia'- 
tum, arseniate of iron. F. arsenic'icum oxydula'- 
tum, arseniate of iron. F. Borus'sicum, Prussian 
blue. F. bromatum, see Bromine. F. carbo'nicum 
saccharatum, ferri protocarbonas. F. et chin'icum 
cit/ricum, ferri citras. F. cyanogena'tum, Prussian 
blue. F. hsematites, haematites. F. hydriodatum, 
see Ferri iodidum. F. hydrobro'micum oxidatum, 
see Bromine. F. lacticum, see Ferri lactas. F. 
mag'nes attracto'rium, magnet. F. metal'licum, 
ferri pulvis. F. oxidatum hydratum (Ph. U. S.), 
Ferri oxydum hydratum, Ferric hydrate, Hydro-oxide 
of iron, Hydrated oxide or peroxide of iron, Hydrated 
tritoxide of iron, Moist peroxide of iron. In the 
Ph. U. S. it is directed to be prepared for in- 
stantaneous use as an antidote for arsenic by adding 
water of ammonia, to solution of ter sulphate of 
iron, ,?x. From 10 to 20 parts of the hydrated oxide 
would seem to be more than sufficient to convert 1 
part of arsenious acid into the basic salt of iron. F. 
oxydulatum hydrocyan'icum, Prussian blue. F. 
potab'ile, F. tartarizatum. F. et potas'sium albu- 
minatum, iron and potassium albuminate. Prepara- 
tion used hypodermically, because easily absorbed, 
made by precipitating 100 parts of white of egg with 
36 parts ferric tersulphate, which is dissolved by 
addition of 2 parts caustic potassa. dissolved in 50 parts 
of water. F. prsecipitatum, ferri subcarbonas. F. 
pulveratum, ferri pulvis. F. redactum or reduc'- 
tum, ferri pulvis. F. tan'nicum, ferri tannas. F. 
tartarizatum or tartaratum, Ferri et potassse tartras, 
Ferri et potassii tartras (Ph. U. S.); when formed into 
balls or pellets, called Globi martiales and Globuli tar- 
tari martiales or martiales soluti or martiali or tartratis 
ferri et lixivise, Boli martis, and Pyri martiales; Tar- 
tarized iron, Tartrate of potassa and iron, Tartrate of 
iron and potassium. Made from solution of tersulphate 
of iron, bitartrate of potassium, distilled water, and 
water of ammonia. It is one of the mildest of the 
salts of iron, and not unpalatable. Dose, gr. x to xxx. 
Tinctura martis aperitiva, Tincture of Ludwig, Alcohol 
cum sulphate ferri tartarisatus, Tinctura martis Glauberi, 
is essentially a solution of this salt, as is also Tinctura 
martis tartarizata. F. valerian'icum, ferri valerianas. 
F. vitriola'tum, ferri sulphas. F. vitriola'tum us'tum, 
colcothar. F. zoot'icum, Prussian blue. 
Fersae, fur'se. Rubeola. 
Fertile. Prolific; fruitful. 
Fertility, fur-til'it-e (fero, to bear). Fruitfulness 
as regards number of births rather than procreative 
power. 
Fertilization. Action of rendering fruitful; vital- 
izing action of the male element on the ovum. See 
Fecundation. 
Ferula, fer'u-lah (staff) (ferio, to strike). Splint. F. 
Africa'na, Bubon galbanum. F. allia'cea, Indian 
asafcetida; same medicinal properties as asafcetida. 
F. ammonif'era, Dorema ammoniacum. F. asafoet'- 
ida, see Asafcetida. F. erubes'cens, Ferula rubri- 
caulis. F. galbanif'lua, Persian plant, source of 
galbanum. F. grave'olens, Anethum graveolens. 
F. narthex, plant of S. Asia, source of asafcetida. FERULYL 
F. opop'onax, Pastinaca opoponax. F. Per'sica, see 
Sagapenum. F. rubricau'lis, a source of galbanum. 
F. scorodos'ma, a source of asafcetida. F. sum'bul, 
plant of Asia; root, sumbul, is used as a nervous stim- 
ulant ; see Sumbul. F. tingita'na, see Ammoniac, gum. 
Ferulyl, fer'u-lil. CeHn. Compound radical from 
oil of asafcetida. 
Fe'rus (savage). Homicidal. 
Fervor, fur'vor. Intense heat. 
Fese. Form of elephantiasis met with in the S. 
Pacific. 
Fes'ter. To corrupt or rankle; when applied to a 
sore, to suppurate or discharge a thin fluid as evidence 
of irritation. 
Festination, fes-tin-a'shun (festino, to hesitate). 
Hesitation of step or gait in walking, as observed in 
advanced stage of paralysis agitans, the steps increas- 
ing in rapidity. 
Festooned. Arranged like a festoon, as festooned 
line at cardiac end of stomach, produced by transition 
from one form of epithelium to another; or festooned 
rings at various openings of the heart. 
Festucse caryophyllorum, fes-tu'ke kar-e-o-fil-lo'- 
rum. Stalks of clove. ' 
Festucaria, fes-tu-kar'e-ah. Distoma. F. len'tis, 
distoma ophthalmobium. 
Fe'tal. Fcetal. 
Fetich, fet'ish. Charm ; presumed quality of a per- 
son or an object which produces in an individual an 
intense impression or feeling, but which has no real 
existence as such quality. 
Fetichism, fet'ik-ism. Effect produced on an indi- 
vidual by a fetich or charm, as erotic or religious 
fetichism, from imaginary or supposed qualities which 
are not really possessed by such charm or fetich. 
Feticide, fe'te-side. Foeticide. 
Fet'id (foeteo, to stink). Having a bad smell. F. 
aloes, Aloes caballina. F. bronchi'tis, chronic ca- 
tarrhal bronchitis. F. buck'eye, 2Esculus glabra. F. 
na'sal catarrh', ozsena. 
Fet'lock. Part of leg of horse where tuft of hair 
grows behind pastern-joint. F. joint, joint between 
great metacarpal bone and first phalanx of horse. 
Fe'tor. Foetor. 
Fet'terwort. Helleborus fcetidus. 
Fe'tus. Foetus; pregnant. 
Feuil'lea or Fevillea cordifolia, fev-il'le-ah kord- 
e-fo'le-ah. W. Indian plant; seeds and expressed oil 
are emeto-cathartic. Bitter principle is called Feuillin. 
Fe'ver (fervor, heat). Frequent and often danger- 
ous affection indicated by rigors, increased heat of 
skin, quick pulse, languor, and lassitude, with de- 
lirium in some instances. Fevers are usually divided 
into the idiopathic or essential and the symptomatic. 
Idiopathic fevers arise without obvious local cause; the 
symptomatic are dependent upon local irritation. Idio- 
pathic fevers may be divided into : 1. Those attended 
with distinct paroxysms-intermittents; 2. Remittent 
and continued fevers; and 3. Fevers complicated with 
eruptions-the exanthematous. These divisions ad- 
mit of great variety, owing to climate, season, age, 
etc. When of very brief duration fevers are said to 
be ephemeral; when continuing without any break or 
intermission, continwed; when intermitting in degree 
or paroxysms, intermittent; when attended with dis- 
tinct remissions, remittent; when characterized by 
great prostration of vital powers, adynamic; when 
caused by some recognized contagion, as small-pox, 
specific. When the clinical thermometer indicates 
104° F. or over, the fever is said to be " high." 
The exciting causes may be common, as irritations 
in the intestines, external injuries, stimulants, etc. 
Great diversity has prevailed regarding the theory 
of fever. Its primary seat has been placed in various 
organs, but although in fever all the functions are mor- 
bidly impressed, the impression is doubtless first made 
on the nervous system and the system of nutrition, 
and thence conveyed by sympathy to every part of 
the body. When fever is devoid of inflammatory 
complication, the quantity of fibrin in the blood is 
not augmented. It frequently remains in the healthy 
433 
FEVER 
proportion, and at times diminishes to an extent not 
met with in any other acute disease. Alteration of 
the hlood in fevers, consisting generally in a diminu- 
tion of the fibrinous element, is the reverse of what 
occurs in inflammation. Many phenomena of fever 
are influenced by periodicity. The types of inter- 
mittents are strong evidences of such an influence. 
In the treatment of fever it is important to bear in 
mind its tendency, particularly in exanthemata, to 
run a definite course and terminate in restoration to 
health ; also the disposition to local determination or 
hyperaemia, the most frequent cause of the fatal termi- 
nation of fever. Symptoms must be attentively studied 
to deduce, as far as possible, indications of cure. At- 
tention must be paid to the prevalent epidemic; in 
some seasons fevers are very malignant, in others 
they are mild. 
Fe'ver, abdominal. Enteric fever; typhoid fever. 
F., abdominal ty'phus, typhoid fever. F., accli'- 
mating, or Acclima'tion f., strangers'. F., ad'eno- 
meninge'al, mucous or pituitous or catarrhal fever; 
fever accompanied with considerable mucous secre- 
tion, especially from the digestive tube; typhoid 
fever. F., adeno-ner'vous, plague of the Levant. F., 
adynamic, fever attended with great prostration of 
the vital powers, as typhoid and typhus fever. F., ady- 
namo-atax'ic, F., adynamic. F., Af'rican, malignant 
bilious remittent fever, prevailing on the western coast 
of Africa. F. after transfu'sion, febrile reaction ob- 
served to occur after transfusion of blood in the human 
being. F. and ague, intermittent fever. F., al'gid, 
pernicious intermittent, with icy coldness; often 
fatal. See Algidus. F., am'bulatory, form of ty- 
phoid fever in which the patient is not compelled to 
go to bed until symptoms become severe. F., angeio- 
car'dic, fever accompanying endocarditis. F., anom'- 
alous, fever with irregular progress and type. F., 
apho'nic, variety of intermittent in which the voice 
is lost during the paroxysm. F., aph'thous, fever 
with sore mouth, occurring in some animals. F., ap- 
opledic, comatose fever; intermittent or continued 
fever attended with apoplectic symptoms. F., ar'- 
dent, continued fever of tropical regions, chiefly 
among recruits newly arrived, and due to exposure 
to the sun; fever having symptoms like those of 
typhoid fever; thermic fever; continued fever; 
yellow fever. F., arthritic, fever characterized by 
inflammation of the joints, as in gout and rheuma- 
tism. F., artic'ular erup'tive or artic'ular rheu- 
matic, dengue. F., artificial, fever produced 
designedly, as by the internal or external use of 
stimulants, generally for purpose of malingering. 
F., asep'tic, fever from injury; traumatic fever. 
F., asthenic, low continued fever, with great pros- 
tration, heart weakness, cold perspiration, etc.; term 
generally appropriated to typhoid fever. F., asth- 
matic, pernicious intermittent, accompanied with 
symptoms of asthma. F., ataxic, term including 
pernicious or malignant fever, typhous fevers, etc. 
F., atax'o-adynamlc, fever characterized by ataxia 
and adynamia. F., atrabillary, hemorrhagic ma- 
larial fever. F., atypical, F., anomalous. F., au- 
rig'inous, jaundice. F., autum'nal, fall fever; ty- 
phoid fever; more correctly, remittent fever. F., 
ballast, disease caused on shipboard by ballast fur- 
nished from scraping and digging the banks of rivers 
abounding with animal and vegetable decay and filth. 
F., Barcelo'na, fever, yellow. F., bas'tard, illegiti- 
mate fever; F., anomalous. F., bath, morbid condi- 
tion induced by continued use of excessive quantities 
of mineral waters or baths. F., Bengal, remittent 
fever prevalent in that region. F., benign, fever 
pursuing its course mildly. F., biliary, relapsing 
fever accompanied with jaundice. F., billo-gas'- 
tric, typhoid fever. F., bilious, common remittent 
fever of summer and autumn; generally supposed to 
be owing to, or connected with, derangement of the 
biliary system; gastritis; typhoid fever. F., bilious 
relapsing, relapsing fever with jaundice. F., bil'- 
ious remit'tent, remittent fever with bilious vomit- 
ing, jaundice, prostration, etc. F-, bilious remit'- FEVER 
ting or remit'tent, yellow, fever, yellow. F., black, 
fever, purpuric, malignant; cerebro-spinal meningitis. 
F., blad'dery, pemphigus acutus. F. blis'ter, vesic- 
ular or pustular eruptions appearing particularly 
about the mouth during or after febrile disturb- 
ance. F., Boa Vis'ta, malignant bilious remittent 
fever, resembling yellow fever, very fatal at Fer- 
nando Po in 1845. F., Bo'na, malignant paludal 
fever which prevailed among the troops of the garri- 
son at Bona, in Algeria, from 1832 to 1835. F., bone, 
see Inflammation. F., bouquet, dengue. F., brain, F., 
cerebral; phrenitis. F., brain, water, hydrocephalus 
internus. F., break'bone or buck'et, dengue. F., bu- 
lam', fever, yellow. F., bul'lous, pemphigus acutus. 
F., cais'son, see Caisson disease. F., calv'ing, puerperal 
fever of cows. F., camp, continued fever occurring 
in camp or in the army; typhus or typho-malarial of 
armies; see Typhus gravior. F., carbun'cular, con- 
tagious anthrax. F., cardial'gic, fever accompanied 
with violent cardialgia during the paroxysm. F., 
cardit'ic, intermittent fever accompanied with pain 
at the heart, palpitation, and perhaps syncope. F., 
catalep'tic, malarial fever attended with convulsions. 
F., catame'nial, fever occurring at each monthly 
period or at the menopause. F., catar'rhal, F., 
adeno-meningeal; influenza. F., cath'eter, F., ure- 
thral. F., cat'tle plague, fever occurring at time of 
prevalence of rinderpest. F., cephalal'gic, intermit- 
tent or other fever, accompanied with intense head- 
ache; intermittent cephalalgia. F., cephal'ic, febrile 
affection of children-intermediate between the acute 
form of active cerebral congestion and the chronic 
form-attended by fever, pain in the head, disorder, 
or more generally constipation of the bowels, and phe- 
nomena often supposed to be premonitory of hydro- 
cephalus. F., cer'ebral, brain fever, fever generally 
ataxic, in which the brain is considerably affected; 
ataxic typhus fever. F., cerebrospi'nal, cerebro- 
spinal meningitis. F., cess'pool, typhoid fever. F., 
Cha'gres, Panama fever; severe form of endemic 
fever common on the isthmus of Panama. F., 
Chickahom'iny, form of typhomalarial fever which 
attacked many of the U. S. troops stationed during 
the War of the Rebellion in the marshes of the river 
of that name. F., child'bed, puerperal fever; see 
Peritonitis. F., chlorot'ic, chlorosis. F., chol'eric, 
variety of malarial fever accompanied with cholera 
morbus. F., chol'eric, of in'fants, cholera infantum. 
F., chron'ic, protracted fever; hectic fever. F., col- 
liq'uative, fever characterized by rapid emaciation, 
copious evacuations, and rapid prostration of strength. 
F., colo'nial, pernicious Australian malarial fever. 
F., co'matose, F., apoplectic. F., conges'tive, fever 
accompanied by obscure symptoms, or by great op- 
pression and depression, in which it is difficult, and 
often impossible, to induce reaction. It occurs in 
various parts of this country, especially in the fall, 
and is very common in India. Term used in some parts 
of the Southern United States to include winter typhus, 
typhoid fevers, and typhoid pneumonia, as well as 
intermittents and autumnal remittents. Cerebrospinal 
meningitis. F., conta'gious, typhus. F., con'tinent, 
see Cont inent and Continued fever. F., contin'ual, see 
Continued fever. F., contin'ued, com'mon, synochus. 
F., contin'ued mala'rial, typhomalarial fever. F., 
convul'sive, intermittent or remittent fever ac- 
companied by convulsions. F., coun'try, fever due 
to exposure to the miasms of malarious localities, as 
in the Southern States. F., Cre'ole yel'low, hemor- 
raghic malarial fever. F., crit'ical, ephemeral fever; 
remittent or intermittent fever. F., cuta'neous, 
exanthematous fever. F., dan'dy, dengue. F., de- 
lir'ious, pernicious intermittent characterized by 
delirium in the paroxysms. F., den'gue, see Dengue. 
F., den'tal or of denti'tion, fever occurring during 
first dentition ; may induce cerebral symptoms. F., 
dep'urative or dep'uratory, fever to which was at- 
tributed the property of purifying the blood, or 
which indicated that such depuration had occurred. 
F., diaphoret'ic, malarial fever with excessive sweat- 
ing during the paroxysm. F., di'ary, ephemera. F., 
434 
FEVER 
diges'tive, chilliness followed by increased heat and 
quickness of pulse, which frequently accompanies 
digestion. F., doub'le, intermittent with two 
paroxysms in a given time, instead of one. 
F., doub'le quar'tan, fever whose paroxysms occur 
two days in succession and fail the third day; the 
first paroxysm resembling the fourth, and the second 
paroxysm the fifth. F., doub'le quotid'ian, intermit- 
tent whose paroxysms return twice every day at cor- 
responding hours. F., doub'le ter'tian, intermittent 
whose paroxysms return every day; the first corre- 
sponding with the third, the second with the fourth, 
and so on. Intermittent having two paroxysms every 
second day, and free from paroxysms on other days. 
F., duodec'imane, supposititious intermittent whose 
paroxysms recur on the twelfth day or every eleven 
days. F., dynam'ic, synocha; sthenic fever; relaps- 
ing fever. F., dysenter'ic, fever associated with 
dysentery. F., endem'ial, endem'ic, or endem'ical, 
remittent f. F., enter'ic, fever of enteritis; typhoid 
fever; any fever with marked intestinal symptoms. 
F., enterit'ic, typhoid fever. F., en'tero-mala'rial, 
fever in which the bacillus of typhoid fever is detected 
in the stools, and that of malaria in the blood. F., 
en'tero-mesenter'ic, typhoid fever. F., ephem'eral, 
ephemera. F., epigastral'gic, pernicious intermit- 
tent in which there are severe epigastric pains from 
gastro-enteritis. F., epilep'tic, variety of intermit- 
tent accompanied with attacks of epilepsy. F., 
erethet'ic, irritative fever. F., erot'ic, chronic 
fever accompanying or attended with erotic excite- 
ment. F., errat'ic, see Erratic. F., erup'tive, exan- 
themata; see Eruptive fevers. F., erup'tive, ar- 
tic'ular, dengue. F., essen'tial, fever that is not 
symptomatic, but which itself constitutes a morbid 
condition; see Idiopathic. F., exac'erbating, remit- 
tentfever. F., exanthem'atous, eruptive fever; see 
Exanthem. F. of exhaus'tion, fever resembling the 
fever of fatigue, due to prolonged exertion, lack of rest, 
and insufficient food. F., faint'ing, of Per'sia, singular 
and fatal epidemic, presenting points of analogy with 
cholera, which prevailed at Teheran in 1842. F., 
fall, F., autumnal. F., fam'ine, adynamic febrile 
phenomena induced by want of sufficient food; re- 
lapsing fever; typhus fever. F., fatigue, fever, some- 
times fatal, following excessive labor, exposure, and ex- 
ertion. F., fermenta'tion, see Saprsemia. F., fifteen- 
day, see Relapse. F., five-day, see Relapse. F., gall, 
remittent fever. F., ganglion'ic, F., glandular. F., 
gan'grenous, fever accompanied by gangrene, espe- 
cially of the limbs and genitals ; pernicious malarial 
fever with gangrene. F., gaol, F., jail. F., Gar'rick, 
see Fever, Siddons. F., gastral'gic, intermittent fever 
with acute burning lacerating pain at the stomach. 
F., gas'tric, stomachic fever; bilious fever, because 
supposed to be dependent on affection of the stomach; 
also called meningogastric or gastrobilious fever. 
The term gastric fever is sometimes applied to typhoid 
fever, to simple continued fever, and to acute dyspep- 
sia. F., gas'tric hepat'ic, fever due to chronic gas- 
tric irritation. F., gas'tro-adynam'ic, fever in which 
the symptoms of bilious and adynamic fever are 
joined. F., gas'tro-angioten'ic, fever in which the 
symptoms of bilious fever are united with those of in- 
flammatory fever. F., gas'tro-atax'ic, fever in which 
the symptoms of bilious fever are united with those of 
ataxic fever. F., gastrobil'ious, F., gastric. F., gas- 
trocephal'ic, simple continued fever. F., gastro-en- 
ter'ic, fever of the South-western States, attended with 
gastro-intestinal symptoms, weak pulse, etc.; typhoid 
fever. F., Gibral'tar, autumnal fever of hemorrhagic 
malarial type, resembling yellow fever. F., gland'- 
ular, acute fever in which lymphatic glands are irri- 
tated and swollen. F., hsemagas'tric, F., yellow. F., 
haemopto'ic, variety of masked intermittent with 
periodical haemoptysis as the chief symptom. F., 
har'vest, F., gastric. F., hay, Summer catarrh, Hay 
asthma, Rose catarrh or cold, June cold, Autumnal ca- 
tarrh, Idiosyncratic coryza, Summer fever, Summer bron- 
chitis. Catarrh to which certain persons are sub- 
ject in summer; ascribed in England to the cfflu- FEVER 
vium of hay, but this is not the probable cause. It is 
a catarrh with sneezing, headache, weeping, snuffling, 
and cough, with at times fever and general discom- 
fort. It disappears spontaneously, to recur in subse- 
quent years about the same period. F., heat, thermic 
fever; insolation. F„ hebdom'adal, supposititious fe- 
ver whose paroxysms return weekly and on the same 
day. F., hec'tic, see Consumption and Hectic fever. 
F., hemorrhag'ic, stage of reaction or erethism fol- 
lowing hemorrhage. F., hepat'ic or hepatal'gic, 
pernicious intermittent with violent pain in the right 
hypochondrium; fever due to inflammation of the 
liver. F., herpet'ic, continued fever in which a her- 
petic eruption occurs as fever diminishes. F., hi- 
drot'id, hidrosis. F., hill, form of remittent fever 
occurring in the hilly districts of India; j ungle fever. 
F., horrif'ic, congestive algid fever. F., hos'pital, 
typhus fever. F., hu'moral, fever in which an alter- 
ation or deterioration of the humors is suspected. 
F., Hungarian or Hun'gary, epidemic typhus com- 
mon among the soldiers in Hungary; a fatal form 
which prevailed there especially about the middle of 
the sixteenth century. F., hydropho'bic, pernicious 
intermittent with dread of liquids. F., hyperpy- 
ret'ic, or F., hyperther'mic, fever with marked in- 
crease of temperature. F., hyster'ic, hysteria accom- 
panied by fever or occurring with each paroxysm of 
an intermittent. F., ic'teric, fever accompanied with 
jaundice; some intermittents exhibit this complica- 
tion at each paroxysm. F., ic'teric, remit'ting, see 
Relapse. F., ic'tero-hsematu'ric, hemorrhagic mala- 
rial fever. F., idiopath'ic, see F., essential, and Idio- 
pathic. F., il'eo-ty'phus, typhoid fever. F., illegit- 
imate, malarial fever of anomalous or irregular form. 
F., incuba'tion of, see Incubation and Eruptive fevers. 
F., in'fantile, tubercular meningitis of children. F., 
in'fantile remittent, spurious worm fever; remitting 
fever of children. Fever occurring in childhood often 
assuming characters of hydrocephalus; it appears gen- 
erally to depend upon a morbid condition of the stom- 
ach and bowels. Typhoid fever of children. F., in- 
flam'matory, synocha. F., insid'ious, fever at first 
seeming devoid of danger, but subsequently becoming 
more or less malignant; ambulatory typhoid. F., in- 
termittent, see Intermittent fever. F., intes'tinal, 
see Typhoid. F., I'rish, typhus fever; asthenic vari- 
ety of relapsing fever. F., ir'ritative, irritation, 
morbid; symptomatic fever indicating constitutional 
irritation. F., jail, typhus fever occurring in jails or 
prisons. F., jun'gle, see Jungle fever. F., lake, 
fever produced by exposure to the malaria in the 
neighborhood of lakes. F., lazaret', see Lazaret. F., 
lentic'ular, miliary fever. F., littoral, malarial fe- 
ver occurring at the sea-shore. F., lo'cllial, accelera- 
tion of the circulation sometimes occurring during 
the discharge of the lochia. F., low, asthenic fever; 
typhoid fever. F., lung, pneumonia; catarrh. F., 
ly'ing-in, puerperal fever. F., mac'ulated, typhus. 
F., mala'rial or mala'rious, fever induced by mala- 
rious or miasmatic emanations, as intermittent and 
remittent fever. F., malig'nant, fever making its 
approaches insidiously and subsequently becoming 
formidable; any fever exhibiting a very dangerous 
aspect, typhus gravior. F., malig'nant pestilen'tial, 
yellow fever. F., Mal'ta, endemic fever of Isle of 
Malta, with excessive sweating, painful joints, etc. F., 
marsh, F., malarial. F., masked, dead or dumb ague, 
dumb chill; anomalous intermittent, the paroxysms of 
which have not the regular stages or are masked. F., 
Mediterra'nean, form of remittent fever peculiar to 
that region. F., melan'ious, typhoid fever. F., melan- 
u'ric, hemorrhagic malarial fever. F., mem'branous, 
fever from inflammation of a serous or mucous mem- 
brane. F., meningogas'tric, gastric fever. F.,menor- 
rhag'lc, febrile and other constitutional symptoms 
attendant upon menstruation and menorrhagia. F., 
men'tal hec'tic, slow fever from depressed mental con- 
ditions. F., mercu'rial, slight fever from full doses or 
overdoses of preparations of mercury. F. mesenter'ic, 
species of fever appearing to belong either to the mu- 
cous or bilious types. Typhoid fever. F., miasmat'ic. 
435 
FEVER 
F., malarial. F., miasmatic ty'phoid, typhomala- 
rial fever. F., miliary, fever attended with miliary 
eruption. F., mil'itary, typhus fever. F., milk, 
fever preceding or accompanying the secretion of 
milk in women recently delivered; coming on 
generally about the third day after delivery. It com- 
monly terminates in twenty-four hours. F., mixed, 
synochus; enteromalarial fever. F., moun'tain, 
malarial or adynamic fever belonging to mountainous 
regions, as the Eocky Mountains, and met with only 
at high altitudes. F., mu'cous, F., adenomeningeal; 
typhoid fever; catarrhal fever. F., nautical, ship 
or typhus fever. F., Neapolitan, Malta fever. F., 
necro'sial, fever accompanying necrosis of bone. F., 
nephritic, intermittent fever accompanied with 
nephritic pain during the paroxysm. F., ner'vous, 
fever particularly characterized by derangement of 
the nervous system; typhus fever; typhoid fever; 
slight fever from emotion. See Typhoid fever. F., 
ner'vous, with exanthem'atous erup'tion, typhoid. 
F., ner'vous hec'tic, constitutional derangement 
in those who are mentally disturbed. F. nests, 
conditions which propagate low fevers or conditions 
of the system, in cities especially. F., neural'gic, 
dengue. F., neuropur'puric, fever, purpuric malig- 
nant epidemic; cerebro-spinal meningitis. F., Ni'ger, 
malignant bilious remittent, fatal to expeditions 
sent out by the British government to explore the 
Niger, in 1841-42, and previously. F., night-soil, 
typhoid fever. F., non'ane, supposititious fever 
whose paroxysms recur every ninth day or every 
eight days. F. of non-elimina'tion, fever due to 
constipation. F., nosoco'mial, hospital fever, a form 
of typhus. F., ochlot'ic, fever from crowd-poisoning ; 
typhus fever; see Ochlotic. F., oc'tane, intermittent 
whose paroxysms recur every eighth day. F., palu'- 
dal, malarial fever. F., Panama, fever, Chagres. 
F., paroxys'mal, remittent fever. F., periodic or 
periodical, intermittent or remittent fever. F., 
peritone'al, puerperal peritonitis. F. pernicious, 
intermittent fever attended with great danger, and 
destroying the majority of those affected by it in the 
first four or five paroxysms, sometimes in the very 
first. F., pernicious mala'rial, fever, pernicious. 
F., pestilen'tial, the plague; severe case of typhus; 
yellow fever; sweating sickness. F., pestilen'tial, 
of cat'tle, murr. F., pete'chial, typhus; cerebro- 
spinal meningitis. F., Peye'rian, typhoid fever. F., 
pharynge'al, see Pharyngeal. F., phthisical, hectic 
fever of tuberculosis. F., pituitary or pitu'itous, F., 
adenomeningeal. F., pleuritic, fever attending pleu- 
risy; intermittent or remittent fever accompanied 
with inflammation of the pleura. F., pleu'ro- 
pneumon'ic, pleuro-pneumonia. F., pneumonic, 
intermittent fever accompanied with inflammation 
of the lungs; pneumonia. F. poi'son, see Poison. 
F., pri'mary, essential or idiopathic fever. F., pris'- 
on, typhus fever. F., pseu'do, morbid irritation. 
F., puer'peral, childbed fever; name given to several 
acute diseases supervening on delivery; generally a 
malignant contagious variety of peritonitis, running 
its course very rapidly, and passing into a typhoid 
condition unless met at the very onset by the most 
active sedative measures. It is now considered as due 
to septic infection; see Peritonitis and Puerperal fever. 
F., p. adynamic or malig'nant, see Peritonitis. F., 
pu'king, fever accompanied with vomiting; milk-sick- 
ness. F., pulic'ular or punctlc'ular, petechial fever. 
F., pur'ple, fever, purpuric malignant; cerebrospinal 
meningitis. F., pur'puric malig'nant, malignant 
purple fever; name proposed by Dr. Stokes for epi- 
demic disease which prevailed in Ireland in 1866-7, 
and variously termed purple fever, neuropurpuric 
fever, malignant purpura, cerebrospinal typhus, black 
fever, cerebrospinal meningitis, and black death; 
see Meningitis, cerebrospinal. F., pu'rulent, F., pyo- 
genic. F., pu'trid, typhus gravior. F., pye'mic, 
fever accompanying pyaemia. F., pyogenic, fever 
accompanying suppuration; fever resembling or at- 
tendant upon pyaemia, often resulting in abscesses. 
F., pythogen'ic or pythogenetlc, typhoid feyer. FEVER 
quar'tan, intermittent fever in which the paroxysms 
recur every fourth day. F., qui'nlc, fever accompanied 
by a cutaneous eruption, said to affect those engaged 
in the preparation of the sulphate of quinia. F., 
qui'nine, fever with hsematuria, chills, dyspnoea, etc., 
caused in susceptible persons by taking quinine inter- 
nally. F., quin'tan, fever whose paroxysms return 
every fifth day. F., quotidian, see Quotidian. F., 
recur'rent, see Relapse. F., red-tongue, typhoid fever. 
F., reg'ular, intermittent whose paroxysms follow a 
determinate type; opposed to atypic and anomalous 
fever. F., relap'sing, see Relapse. F., remit'tent, 
see Remittent fever. F., r., bil'ious, see F, bilious, and 
Relapse. F., r., of chil'dren, or in'fantile, see Fever, 
infantile remittent. F., remit'ting ic'teric, see Relapse. 
F., rheumat'ic, rheumatism, acute. F., Ro'man, per- 
nicious malarial fever occurring at certain seasons in 
Rome and vicinity. F. root, Triosteum perfoliatum. 
F., rose, form of hay fever occurring about time 
of flowering of roses. F., sail'or's, typhus fever; 
yellow fever. F., saprse'mic, fever associated wi th 
sapraemia; that is, the introduction into the blood of 
the chemical products of putrefaction, a form of septic 
poisoning. F., scar'let, see Scarlet. F., scorbu'tic, 
febrile movement sometimes accompanying scorbutus 
or scurvy. F., sea'soning, F., acclimation; F., stran- 
gers'. F., sec'ondary, febrile condition recurring in 
certain affections after having ceased; coming on at 
the time of the maturation of the variolous pustules, 
or as the eruption of scarlatina, etc. disappears; symp- 
tomatic fever; suppurative fever. F., sep'tan, inter- 
mittent whose paroxysms recur every six days, and 
consequently on the seventh day. F., sep'tic, fever 
the result of septicaemia. F., septicae'mic, fever ac- 
companying septicaemia. F., sev'en-day, see Relapse. 
F., seventeen'-day, see Relapse. F., sex'tan, fever 
occurring every five days, and consequently on the 
sixth day. F., ship, see Typhus. F., Sid'dons, low 
fever which prevailed in Edinburgh in the last 
century, supposed to be due to the crowding 
together of persons to see the great actress Mrs. 
Siddons; a similar fever occurring during the per- 
formances of Garrick was called Garrick fever. 
F., Sier'ra Leone, form of remittent fever prevalent 
in that region. F., sim'ple, fever without any pre- 
dominant character-bilious, inflammatory, or ner- 
vous, and unaccompanied by any local determination, 
hyperaemia, or complication. It may be continued, 
remittent, or intermittent. F., sim'ple contin'ued, 
most favorable form of continued fever, having a 
tendency to wear itself out, provided injurious in- 
fluences be avoided. The prognosis is consequently 
favorable, and the treatment simple, consisting in 
perfect repose of body and mind, abstinence, and re- 
lieving the thirst by cold drinks. F., singul'tous, 
fever accompanied with singultus or hiccough. F., 
so'lar, dengue. F., so'porose, comatose fever. F., 
specif'ic, essential fever. F., spirillum, relapsing 
fever. F., splen'ic, contagious anthrax. F., spot'- 
ted, typhus gravior, cerebro-spinal meningitis. F., 
starvation, fever due to poverty and starvation. F., 
ster'coral, fever produced by an accumulation of 
faeces in the intestines. F., stiffnecked, dengue. F., 
stomachic, gastric fever. F., stran'gers', acclimat- 
ing or seasoning fever; yellow or remittent fever, 
endemic in certain places, to which strangers are 
especially liable. F., subcontin'ual, remittent fever. 
F., subin'trant, intermittent in which one paroxysm 
is scarcely finished before another begins. F., su'- 
datory or su'doral, F., sweating. F., sum'mer, F., 
hay. F., sun, dengue; insolation. F., sup'purative, 
pyaemia; fever associated with suppuration. F., 
sur'gical, a febro-inflammatory affection after a sur- 
gical operation, inducing morbid changes in different 
and perhaps distant parts of the body. F., sweat'- 
ing, intermittent fever with very pronounced sweat- 
ing stage; miliaria; sudor Anglicus. F., sympathetic 
or symptomatic, constitutional disturbance occur- 
ring as a phenomenon of many different diseases. F., 
syn'copal, a variety of pernicious intermittent with 
fainting in every paroxysm, F., syn'ochal or syn'- 
436 
> FEVER-TWIG 
ochoid, synochus; simple continued fever. F., syph- 
ilit'ic, fever accompanying syphilis or owing to a 
syphilitic taint. F., ter'tian, fever whose paroxysm 
returns on the third day, and consequently every two 
days. F., tet'anoid, cerebro-spinal meningitis. F., 
ther'mic, heat-stroke; effect of prolonged exposure 
to high temperature ; insolation. F., third-day, ter- 
tian. F., trag'ic, low fever in which the patient 
declaims like an actor during the delirium. F., trau- 
mat'ic, fever supervening on wounds- or surgical 
operations. F., trembling, intermittent fever. F., 
trop'ical, yellow fever. F., tuberculous, fever at- 
tending tuberculosis. F., typh, see Typhus. F., 
ty'phoid, see Typhus. F., typhoid, of India, cholera. 
F., typhomala'rial or ty'phoid mala'rial, miasmatic 
typhoid fever; a fever in which there is a mixture of 
the phenomena of typhous and malarial fevers, as fre- 
quently seen in active military service. F., ty'pho- 
ty'phus, mild form of typhus fever with several 
characteristic typhoid symptoms. F., ty'phous, ty- 
phus. F., ure'thral, Catheter f, Urinary f., aggre- 
gate of febrile phenomena resembling exactly those 
of ague, observed, at times, after the passage of a 
bougie or catheter for stricture of the urethra. F., 
u'rinary, F., urethral. F., vac'cinal, fever symp- 
tomatic of vaccina. F., varicel'lar, symptomatic fever 
of varicella ; sbe Varioloid. F., var'ioloid or vari'o- 
lous, see Varioloid. F., ver'minous, worm fever, pro- 
duced by presence of worms in the digestive tube or 
accompanied by their expulsion. F., ver'nal, inter- 
mittent or other fever occurring in the spring; for- 
merly considered salubrious. F., vesic'ular, pemphi- 
gus acutus. F., vit'ular or vit'ulary, parturient apo- 
plexy of cows. F., Wal'cheren, Gall-siclcness ; remit- 
tents and intermittents, with enterocolitis, to which 
the British troops were exposed on the expedition to 
Walcheren in 1809. F., walk'ing ty'phoid, ambulatory 
typhoid fever. F., water brain, hydrocephalus inter- 
nus. F., white, slight fever sometimes attendant on 
chlorosis. F., win'ter, see Tongue, black; also pneu- 
monia. F., worm, verminous fever. F., worm, spu'- 
rious, fever, infantile remittent. F., wound, trau- 
matic fever. F., yel'low, Endemial causus of the West 
Indies, Bilious remitting yellow fever, Malignant pestilen- 
tial fever, Hsemogastric fever or pestilence, Black vomit, 
Bulam, Gibraltar, and Barcelona fever; vulg., in the 
West Indies, Mulatto Jack and Yellow Jack. Very 
acute and dangerous febrile affection, characterized 
by jaundice, tenderness in the epigastrium, vomiting, 
hemorrhages, etc., complicated in its second stage 
with a jaundiced appearance, accompanied by vom- 
iting of black matter. It occurs, endemically, an- 
nually within the tropics, but epidemically in the 
temperate regions. It runs through its stages with 
much greater rapidity than the gastroenteritis of 
our climates. Hemorrhages may occur from dif- 
ferent organs. It is probably due to an undeter- 
mined micro-organism. F., yel'low, mild, see Re- 
lapse. F., yel'low, remit'tent, bilious remittent 
fever. 
Fe'ver-bush. Lauras benzoin; prinos. 
Fe'ver-drops, War'burg's. See Bebeeru. 
Feveret, fe'ver-et. Febricula. 
Fe'verfew (febris, fugo, to drive away). Matricaria. 
Fe'ver-grass. Chrysopis graminifolia; used as a 
cataplasm in the Southern States. 
Fe'ver-gum tree. Eucalyptus globulus. 
Fe'verish. Feverous; that which causes fever; 
febrifacient or febrific; state of one laboring under 
fever; fever-sick. 
Fe'verishness. Febriculosity; state of having fe- 
ver ; slight febrile disorder. 
Fe'verous. Feverish. 
Fe'ver-plant. Ocymuna viride; Datura arborea. 
Fe'ver-root. Pterospara andromedea; triosteum 
perfoliatum. 
Fe'ver-sick. See Feverish. 
Fe'ver-tree. Pinckneya pubens; Eucalyptus glob- 
ulus. F., Austra'lian, Alstonia constricta. F., 
Geor'gia, Pinckneya pubens. 
Fe'ver-twig. Celastras scandens. FEVERWEED 
Fe'verweed. Eryngium foetidum; Gerardia pedic- 
ular ia. 
Fe'verwood. Laurus benzoin. 
Fe'verwort. Eupatorium perfoliatum; triosteum. 
Fevil'lea cordifo'lia. The seed of the fruit of this 
plant of W. Indies and Brazil is emeto-cathartic and 
vermifuge, and an antidote for snake-bites. F. mono- 
sper'ma, species of cucurbitaceous plant from Brazil; 
seeds are cathartic. F. triloba'ta, the oil of the seeds 
of this Brazilian species is used externally in gout 
and rheumatism. 
Fews. Sempervivum tectorum. 
Fex'ism. Appearance characteristic of tribe of Sty- 
rian cretins, called Fexi. 
Fi'ber. Castor fiber. 
Fi'bra. Fibre. F. au'rea, coptis. F. auric'ulae, 
lobe of ear. F. muscula'ris, muscular fibre. F. 
ner'vea, nerve-fibre. F. primiti'va, axis-cylinder. 
F. san'guinis, fibrin. 
Fi'brse (pl. of Fibra) accesso'rise. Accessory fibres. 
F. adamanti'nae, enamel fibres. F. arcifor'mes or 
arcua'taa, see Ar ciform. Fibres connecting contig- 
uous cerebral convolutions; fibres passing from one 
optic tract to the other, connecting internal genic- 
ulate bodies. Thin bundles of fibres crossing from 
posterior columns of medulla oblongata to opposite 
side. F. circulates, middle layer of muscular 
fibres in wall of stomach; muscular fibres near 
ciliary border of iris; sphincter pupillae. F. col- 
latera'les, transverse fibres passing between pillars 
of external abdominal ring; intercolumnar fibres. 
F. denta'les, denticulated fibres. F. elas'ticae, elas- 
tic fibres. F. heterodesmot'icse, fibres connecting 
great nervous centres with other regions or organs. 
F. homodesmot'icse, nerve-fibres connecting similar 
nerve-centres or ganglia. F. horizonta'les, raphe 
of medulla oblongata. F. intercolumna'res, F. col- 
laterales. F. len'tis, fibres of crystalline lens. F. 
longitudina'les, radiating muscular fibres of iris; 
outer layer of muscular fibres of wall of stomach. F. 
medulla'res, striae acusticae. F. na'si, pinnae of nose. 
F. ner'veae or nervo'sse, nerve-fibres. F. obli'quse, 
inner layer of muscular fibres of wall of stomach. F. 
pal'lidae, ciliary processes. F. pro'priae, fibres con- 
necting contiguous cerebral convolutions; bundles of 
nerve-fibres in cortex of cerebellum passing from one 
convolution to another. F. pulmo'num, lobes of lungs. 
F. rec'tse, fibres in median septum of medulla oblon- 
gata, continuation of middle superficial librae arcuatae. 
F. semicircula'res, semicircular fibres, as of cere- 
bellum. F. sensiti'vae, sensory nerve-fibres. F. ten- 
din'ese, white fibres of which tendons are made up. 
F. transilien'tes, fibres connecting cerebral convolu- 
tions that are not in contact. F. transver'sae, trans- 
verse white lines on floor of fourth ventricle. 
Fi'bre. Organic filament, of solid consistence and 
more or less extensible, entering into the composition 
of animal and vegetable textures. Three elementary 
fibres or tissues are described: 1. Cellular or areolar, 
formed chiefly of thin plates, of a whitish color and 
extensible, which seem to consist of concrete gelatin. 
2. Nervous, pulpy, or medullary, formed of a soft sub- 
stance contained in a cellular sheath, and consisting 
of albumin united to a fatty matter. 3. Muscular, 
composed of round filaments, of a grayish or reddish 
color, and formed of fibrin. A very small or ultimate 
fibre is called a Fibril or Fibrilla. 
Fi'bre or Fi'bres, achromat'ic. Cell-threads pass- 
ing from pole to pole in dividing nucleus. F., albu- 
gin'eous, see Albuginea. F., anastomo'sing, fibres of 
any kind that anastomose. F., ar'ciform or ar'cuate, 
see Arciform. F., Ar'nold's spi'ral, F., spiral. F., 
association, white nerve-fibres between contiguous 
cerebral convolutions. F., augmen'tor, nerve-fibres 
which quicken the action of the heart and increase 
its force. F., bone, bundles of connective-tissue fibres 
in bone, binding together the osseous lamellae. F., 
car'dio-inhlb'itory, inhibitory nerve-fibres passing 
from par vagum to the heart. F., car'neous, F., 
muscular. F. cells, plastic cells, fibro-plastic cells; 
cells or corpuscular elements of the lymph of plastic 
437 
FIBRIN 
inflammation; cells supporting hair-cells of cmsta 
acustica of internal ear. F., centrip'etal, afferent 
nerve-fibres; nerve-fibres connecting nervous masses 
of different grades. F., chromat'ic, F., nuclear. F., 
coiled, F., spiral. F., collat'eral, F., association; F., 
longitudinal. F., converging, nervous fibres which 
associate different portions of the nervous centres with 
each other. They form the commissures. F. of Cor'ti, 
rods or pillars of; see Corti. F., crystalline, F., lens. 
F., decussating, bundles of white fibrous tissue con- 
stituting great part of lamelife of bone. F., dental or 
dentine, delicate processes passing into the dentinal 
canals from odontoblasts. F., depress'or, fibres of 
depressor nerve producing an inhibitory influence on 
the vasomotor nervous centre. F., diverging, fibres 
composing the columns of the medulla oblongata, 
which separate in their progress to the periphery of 
the cerebrum and cerebellum. F., enam'el, hexagonal 
rods making up the dental enamel. F., gangliontc, 
gelat'iniform, or gelattnous, non-medullated fibres, 
as of the sympathetic system. F. of Ger'dy, superficial 
transverse ligament of the fingers. F., inhib'itory, 
nerve-fibres transmitting inhibitory influences to im- 
portant organs or nerve-centres. F., intercolum'nar, 
F. collaterales. F., lamellar or laminar, fibres of 
white fibrous tissue. F., lens, hexagonal fibres, called 
also crystalline fibres, constituting chief part of crys- 
talline lens. F., longitu'dinal, associated nerve-fibres 
passing from front to back part of brain. F., med'ul- 
lated, form of nerve-fibre consisting of two constitu- 
ents, a sheath of medullary nerve substance and an 
axis-cylinder; see Nerve-fibre. F. of Muller, delicate 
nerve-fibres constituting internal limiting membrane 
of retina; see Tunica Jacobi. F., neuromus'cular, 
epithelium of muscle. F., nu'clear or nucleoplas'- 
mic, delicate filiform nervous fibres making up the 
network of a nucleus of a cell. F., pedunc'ular, 
nerve-fibres connecting the cerebrum with the me- 
dulla oblongata and pons Varolii. F., perforating, 
F., bone. F., pul'monary, nerve-fibres going to the 
lungs, particularly from par vagum. F. of Remak, 
fibres peculiar to the sympathetic nerve, but believed 
by some to be neurilemma and to consist of fibro-cel- 
lular bundles. F. of Ret'zius, see Retzius. F., secre'- 
tory, sympathetic nerve-fibres distributed to secreting 
glands. F., semicir'cular, semicircular fibres consti- 
tuting portion of anterior peduncles. F., Sharp'ey's, 
F., bone. F., soft, non-medullated nerve-fibres. F., 
spi'ral, delicate process of nervous matter in the cell 
of a sympathetic ganglion. F. of Tomes, minute den- 
tinal fibres. Processes of odontoblasts of pulp which 
fill the dentinal tubules. 
Fi'bril. See Fibre. F., nu'clear or nucleoplas'mic, 
see Fibres, nuclear. F., primitive or ul'timate, ele- 
mentary fibre; also those composing axis-cylinder. 
Fibrilla, fi-bril'lah (dim. of Fibra). Fibril. F., ax'is 
or elemen'tary, fibril, primitive. F. muscula'ris, 
muscular fibre. F., primitive or ul'timate, see Fibril, 
primitive. 
Fibrillar. Relating or appertaining to fibrils, as 
F. contraction, contraction of separate muscular 
fibrils. 
Fibrillated, fi'bril-la-ted. Formed of fibrils. 
Fibrillation, fi-bril-la'shun. Formation of fibrils; 
also twitching of the muscles observed in progressive 
muscular atrophy. 
Fi'brin. Immediate animal principle-solid, white, 
and inodorous; insipid; heavier than water; without 
action on the vegetable blues; elastic when moist, 
hard and brittle when dry. It enters into the com- 
position of the chyle and the blood; is the self-coagu- 
lable material in them, and is produced in the retro- 
grade metamorphosis of the tissues. It is in small pro- 
portion in the blood, but the amount increases in in- 
flammation, while in continued fever it is diminished. 
Muscular fibrin, syntonin, or musculin is different 
from the fibrin of the blood; in its chemical character 
peculiar, and has been called muscular substance. In 
certain diseased actions fibrin or coagulable lymph, 
gluten, is separated from the blood, and is found in 
considerable quantity on the surfaces of membranes FIBRINATION 
and in the cavities of the body. See Liquor sanguinis 
and Fibrinogen. F. fer'ment, supposed agent in pro- 
duction of fibrin by spontaneous coagulation; para- 
globulin. 
Fibrination, fi-brin-a'shun. Act of adding fibrin 
to the blood; opposite to defibrination. 
Fibrinogen, fi-brin'o-gen (fibrin, gennao, to engen- 
der). Hybrid term to denote a proteid in plasma 
which, under certain circumstances, as action of fibrin- 
ferment, yields greater part of fibrin. See Fibrino- 
plastin. 
Fibrinogenous, fi-brin-oj'en-us (same etymon). 
Producing fibrin. F. sub'stances, fibrinogen. 
Fibrinoplas'tic bod'ies. Modified cells of connec- 
tive tissue seen in inflammation. F. mat'ter, para- 
globulin. F. sub'stance or Fibrinoplas'tin, paraglo- 
bulin; supposed by some that when united with 
fibrinogen, under action of ferment, fibrin results. 
See Protagon. 
Fibrinoplastin, fi-brin-o-plas'tin (fibrin, plasso, to 
form). See Fibrinoplastic. F. casts, see Cast. 
Fibrinous, fi'brin-us. Composed of fibrin or hav- 
ing the appearance of fibrin. F. bronchitis, va- 
riety of bronchitis, in the acute or chronic stage, in 
which fibrinous casts of some of the bronchial tubes 
are formed; see Bronchitis. F. cal'culus, see Cal- 
culus. F. degeneration, necrosis with coagulation. 
F. pneumo'nia, see Pneumonia. 
Fibrinpeptone. Condition of fibrin after stom- 
achal digestion. 
Fibrinu'ria (fibrin, ouron, urine). Pare condition 
of urine in which, owing to presence of fibrin, that 
fluid spontaneously coagulates after being voided. 
Fi'bro. In composition, appertaining or relating 
to fibrous tissue. 
Fibro-areolar (fi-bro-ar-e'o-lar) tis'sue. Connec- 
tive tissue composed of fibrous and areolar tissue. 
Fi'broblast (fibro, blastos, bud). Cell developing 
into fibrous or connective tissue. 
Fibrobronchitis, fi-bro-bron-ke'tis. Fibrous or 
rheumatic inflammation of the bronchial tubes; 
croupous bronchitis. 
Fibrocalca'reous. Term applied to fibrous tumors 
accompanied with a deposit or coating of calcareous 
matter. 
Fibrocarcino'ma. Cancerous formation with gran- 
ular degeneration. 
Fibrocartilage, fi-bro-kart'il-age. Organic tissue 
partaking of the nature of the fibrous tissue and of 
cartilage; dense, resisting, elastic, firm, supple, and 
flexible. Fibrocartilages are distinguished into 
membraniform, serving as moulds to certain parts, as 
the alae nasi and eyelids ; vaqiniform, forming sheaths 
for the sliding of tendons; inter articular, met with in 
the movable articulations ; uniting, forming junction 
between two bones, as the symphysis pubis. Fibro- 
cartilages are sometimes formed adventitiously, as the 
result of a morbid process in different organs. Cir- 
cumferential fibrocartilages consist of a rim of fibro- 
cartilage surrounding the margin of the articular 
cavity, the glenoid cavity of the shoulder. They 
deepen the articular surface and protect the bones. 
F., acro'mio-clavic'ular, cartilage of Weitbrecht. F., 
circumferen'tial, see Fibrocartilage. F., connecting, 
F., interosseous. F., fal'ciform, F., semilunar. F.,in- 
terme'diary or interme'diate, F. between radius and 
ulna at the wrist. F., interos'seous, F. between 
bones, as of pubes, Interpubic fibrocartilage, where 
there is but little motion. F., mar'ginal, F., circum- 
ferential. F., pu'bic, F. between surfaces of pubic 
bone. F., scap'ulo-clavic'ular, F. of Weitbrecht. 
F., semilunar, cartilages between head of tibia and 
condyles of femur. F., ses'amoid, sesamoid cartilages. 
F., tar'sal, tarsal cartilages; see Tarsus. F., trian'- 
gular, F. of wrist, between radius and ulna. F., 
white, cartilage containing white fibrous tissue. F. 
of Wris'berg, cuneiform cartilages of larynx. F. of 
wrist, triangular fibrocartilage between ulna and 
bones of wrist. 
Fibrocartilag'ines (pl. of Fibrocartilago). Fibro- 
cartilages. F. falca'tse or falcifor'mes, semilunar 
438 
FIBROMA 
cartilages on head of tibia. F. intervertebra'les, 
intervertebral cartilages or disks. 
Fibrocartilaginous. Eelating to or consisting of 
fibrocartilage. 
Fibrocartila'go. Fibrocartilage. F. trique'tra, 
fibrocartilage, triangular. 
Fibrocellular, fi-bro-sel'u-lar. Fibro-areolar; par- 
taking of the fibrous and of the cellular or areolar 
tissue, as the fascia transversalis. F. tu'mor, tumor, 
fibrocellular; fibroma. 
Fibrochondritis, fi-bro-kon-dre'tis {fibro, chondros, 
cartilage). Inflammation of fibrocartilage. 
Fibrochondrosteal, fi-bro-kon-dros'te-al (fibro, chon- 
dros, cartilage, osteon, bone). Consisting of fibrocar- 
tilage and bone. 
Fibrocystic, fi-bro-sis'tic. Possessing the nature of 
fibrous and cystic matter. F. tu'mor, form of cystic 
degeneration of fibrous tumors. 
Fibro-elastic, fi-bro-e-las'tik. Containing white 
and elastic tissue. 
Fibro-enchondroma, fi-bro-en-kon-dro'mah. En- 
chondroma having some fibrous tissue in its compo- 
sition. 
Fi'bro-fat'ty degeneration. Fatty condition of 
the placenta with fibrous degeneration of the villi of 
the chorion and part of the decidua. 
Fibrogen, fi'bro-jen. Fibrinogen. 
Fibroglioma, fi-bro-gli-o'mah. Tumor composed 
of fibroma and glioma. 
Fi'broid {fibro, eidos, resemblance). Fibrous; fibrous 
tumor, fibroma. F. degeneration, gradual trans- 
formation, occurring chiefly in membranous tis- 
sues, into a material having a fibre-like character; 
may result from pressure, or follow upon chronic in- 
flammation accompanied with exudation; fibrosis. 
This form of degeneration of the lung is called cir- 
rhosis of the lung. F. infiltration, see Infiltration. 
F. phthi'sis, see Phthisis. F. tu'mor, see Tumor, 
fibrous. 
Fibrolipo'ma {fibro, lipos, fat). Fibroma with neo- 
plasm of adipose tissue. Lipoma well supplied with 
connective tissue. 
Fibro'ma. Tumor of fibrous connective tissue; it 
may be hard, dense, and firm, or soft like adipose 
matter; fibrous tumor. The fibres constituting the 
chief part of the growth are loosely or densely packed 
according to the variety, and are arranged either 
without definite plan or in intercrossing bundles of 
various sizes or in whorls around the blood-vessels. 
The cells, like those of normal fibrous tissue, are 
generally few in number, and are usually most abun- 
dant around the vessels. They are minute, spindle- 
shaped, fusiform, or stellate bodies, the latter having 
processes of varying length which communicate with 
similar processes from neighboring cells. These cells 
in size and number vary with the rapidity and age of 
growth-the slower and older tbe growth, the denser 
the tissue, the flatter and less numerous the cells. 
(Green). F., are'olar, F. molluscum. F. congen'itum, 
naevus verrucosus. F., cor'neal or cor'neous, F., 
lamellar. F. cu'tis, fibroma of skin; F. molluscum, 
neuroma cutis, or keloid. F., cys'tic, F. in which 
cystic degeneration has occurred. F., diffuse, elephan- 
tiasis. F. dissemina'tum, molluscum. F. doloro'sum, 
fibroneuroma. F. fungoi'des, chronic infectious cu- 
taneous disease with reddish or livid spots, afterward 
becoming crusts or tumors; granuloma fungoides. 
F. of the heart, circumscribed tumor occurring very 
rarely in the cardiac walls or under the endocardium 
or pericardium. F. keloi'des, keloid. F. of the kid- 
neys, small, white, fibrous nodules which sometimes 
are present in the renal pyramids. F., lacu'nar, cys- 
tic fibroma of mamma. F. lipomato'des, xanthoma. 
F. mollus'cum, soft insensitive neoplasm of connective 
tissue from the cutis vera, characterized by tumors of 
various sizes. It is frequently congenital. F.,mu'coid 
or mu'cous, fibroma having a large amount of inter- 
cellular substance, and transformed by mucoid degen- 
eration. F. ossif'icum, fibroma in which calcareous 
transformation has occurred. F. of the o'vary, see 
Ovary, tumors of the. F., pap'illary, fibrous hypertrophy FIBROMATOSIS 
of papillae of skin. F. pen'dulum, form of F. mollus- 
cum having a pedicle. F., soft, F. molluscum; wen. 
F. teleangeiectat'icum, F. having extensive dilatation 
of blood-vessels on its surface; molluscum fibrosum. 
Fibromato'sis. Growth or development of fibroma. 
Fibromem'branous. Composed of fibre and mem- 
brane. 
Fibromu'cous. Possessing the nature of fibrous 
and of mucous membranes; term applied to fibrous 
membranes intimately united with other membranes 
of a mucous nature, as the pituitary membrane, the 
membrane of the urethra, etc. 
Fibromus'cular. Composed of fibrous and muscu- 
lar tissues. Term applied to tumors, F. tumors, in 
which the fibrous tissue is largely intermingled with 
muscular fibres. See Myoma. 
Fibromyitis, fib-ro-me-e'tis. Inflammation of mus- 
cular tissue with fibrous degeneration. 
Fibromyo'ma (fibro, mus, muscle). Myoma having 
fibrous tissue blended with it; fibroma, fibroid 
myoma. F. lipomato'des, fibromyoma with neo- 
plasm of adipose tissue. 
Fibromyomitis, fib-ro-me-om-e'tis. Inflammation 
of fibromyoma. 
Fibromyomotomy, fi-bro-mi-o-mot'o-me (fibro, mus, 
muscle, tome, incision). Operation for excision of 
fibromyoma. 
Fibromyxoma, fi-bro-miks-o'mah (fibro, muxa, mu- 
cus). Tumor made up of fibrous and mucous tissue. 
Fibroid tumor complicated with myxoma. 
Fibromyxo- sarcoma, fi - bro - miks' o - sar - ko' mah 
(fibro, muxa, mucus, sarcoma). Sarcoma and myxoid 
tissue combined. Sarcoma transformed by mucous 
degeneration. 
Fibroneuroma, fi-bro-nu-ro'mah. Tumor consist- 
ing of connective tissue occurring upon a nerve or 
distributed among the nerve-filaments. 
Fibronu'clear or Fibronu'cleated. Term applied 
to tumors whose texture consists of filaments infil- 
trated with oval nuclei. 
Fibropericarditis, fi-bro-per-e-kar-de'tis. Fibrin- 
ous inflammation of the pericardium. 
Fibroplastic, fi-bro-plas'tik (fibro, plasso, to form). 
Epithet for a morbid formation constituted of the 
elements of areolar tissue, transformed, in part, into 
fibre; fibrosarcomatous. F. cells, see Fibre-cells. F. 
tu'mor, sarcoma; fibrosarcoma. Sarcoma with addi- 
tion of fibrous tissue. 
Fibroserous, fi-bro-se'rus. Possessing the nature 
of fibrous and serous membranes. F. membranes are 
composed of a fibrous and a serous sheet intimately 
united; for example, dura mater, pericardium, tunica 
albuginea testis, etc. 
Fibro'sis. Constitutional fibroid degeneration, 
often associated with degeneration of arteries. 
Fi'brous. Fibroid. Composed of fibres. The fi- 
brous system comprises, particularly, the periosteum 
and perichondrium, articular capsules and ligaments, 
tendons, dura mater, pericardium, tunica sclerotica, 
tunica albuginea testis, outer membrane of the spleen, 
etc.. Under simple fibrous tissues are classed the 
white and yellow fibrous tissues and areolar tissue. 
Both the yellow and the white may be detected in 
the areolar tissue. The white exists alone in liga- 
ments, tendons, fibrous membranes, aponeuroses, etc. 
The yellow exists separately in the middle coat of the 
arteries, the chordae vocales, ligamentum nuchae of 
quadrupeds, etc., and differs from the white in pos- 
sessing a high degree of elasticity. F. cone, corona 
radians. F. epu'lis, see Epulis. F. growth, tumor, 
fibrous. F. lay'er, layer of nerve-fibres of retina. F. 
mat'ter of the brain, see Cerebrum. F. mem'branes, 
see Membranes, fibrous. F. phthi'sis, see Phthisis pul- 
monalis. F. plates, fibro-cartilages of metatarso-pha- 
langeal articulation. F. pneumo'nia, interstitial 
pneumonia; see Pneumonia. F. pol'ypus, tumor at- 
tached to the uterus by a slender peduncle. F. 
rings, fibro-cartilaginous rings with which the mitral 
and tricuspid valves of the heart are connected. F. 
sys'tem, see Fibrous. F. tu'mor, see Tumor, fibrous. 
Fibrovascular, fi-bro-vas'ku-lar. Relating to struc- 
439 
FICUS 
tures that are fibrous and abundantly supplied with 
vessels. 
Fibula, fib'u-lah (a clasp or brace). Spellbone, 
splint or splinter-bone of the leg. Long, small bone, 
situate at the outer part of the leg; the superior or 
tibial extremity is rounded, and forms the caput or 
head, and is articulated with the tibia. The inferior 
or tarsal extremity is articulated with the tibia and 
astragalus, and forms the malleolus externus or outer 
ankle by means of its coronoid process. The body of 
the bone is separated from the tibia by the interosseous 
space. 
Fib'ulad. See Fibular aspect. 
Fibulseus, fib-u-le'us. Peroneus muscle. 
Fib'ular. Relating to the fibula; peroneal. F. ar'- 
tery, peroneal artery. F. a., superior, branch from 
any one of the important arteries of the leg passing 
across the fibula. F. as'pect, aspect toward the side 
on which the fibula is situated. Fibulaci is used 
adverbially to signify toward the fibular aspect. F. 
commu'nicating nerve, peroneal communicating 
nerve. F. nerve, peroneal nerve. F. notch, groove 
on the tibia for articulation with the fibula. 
Fibula're. Name for embryonic tarsal bone, after- 
ward os calcis. 
Fibula'ris. Relating to the fibula. F. bre'vis, pero- 
neus brevis. F. lon'gus or pri'mus, peroneus longus. 
F. secun'dus, peroneus brevis. 
Fibulation, fib-u-la'shun {fibula, clasp). Infibula- 
tion. 
Ficaria (fik-ar'e-ah) {ficus, fig) aquat'ica. Scroph- 
ularia aquatica. F. commu'nis, ranunculoi'des, or 
ver'na, Ranunculus ficaria. 
Fic'arin. Neutral principle from Ficaria commu- 
nis, used for hemorrhoids. 
Ficatio, fik-ah'she-o. Ficus; sycosis. 
Fick, an'gle of. Angle formed by lines projected 
between lines drawn from front of foramen magnum 
along surface of base of skull and to point of chin. 
Fick's ky'mograph. Apparatus for ascertaining 
the blood-pressure: it consists of a metal tube con- 
taining alcohol, which is connected with the artery 
by a tube filled with carbonate of sodium in solution. 
Increase of pressure causes the tube to straighten, and 
diminished pressure causes it to bend; a lever records 
these changes on a cylinder. 
Fi'coid {eidos, resemblance). Resembling a fig in 
form or character. 
Ficoin, fik'o-in. Form of papayin obtained from 
Ficus. 
Ficosis, fik-o'sis. Ficus; sycosis. 
Fi'cous. Relating to ficus. 
Fi'cus. Figwart; fleshy excrescence, often soft 
and reddish, sometimes hard and scirrhous, hanging 
by a peduncle or formed like a fig on the eyelids, 
chin, tongue, anus, or organs of generation, in which 
last it is generally syphilitic; condyloma; hemor- 
rhoids; ficus carica. F. -ZEgypti'aca, Ceratonia sili- 
qua. F. Amboinen'sis, plant of Molucca; sap is ex- 
pectorant; bark antipyretic and astringent. F. an- 
thelmin'tica, the juice of this Peruvian tree is anthel- 
mintic. F. arbutifo'lia, Mexican tree, used exter- 
nally for poisoned wounds. F. Bengalen'sis, F. In- 
dica. F. Benjami'na, amate, Mexican fig tree. F. 
car'ica, fig tree; the fig is a pleasant fruit when ripe, 
as well as when dried as it is found in the shops; it 
is laxative, and used, at times, as a cataplasm, espe- 
cially in gum-boils. F. citrifo'lia, tree of E. and W. 
Indies and Mexico; root is expectorant and emeto- 
cathartic; infusion is employed in aphthae and lepra. 
F. commu'nis, F. carica. F. complica'ta, samatito; 
Mexican fig tree. F. conglomera'ta or cu'nia, fruit 
of E. Indian tree, used in aphthae, and externally as a 
bath in elephantiasis. F. dolia'ria, fig tree of Brazil; 
juice is drastic and vermifuge ; properties are due to 
doliarin-, vegetable pepsin. F, elas'tica, E. Indian 
tree; a source of caoutchouc. F. excel'sa, plant of 
E. Indies, root of which is used in aphthae, affections 
of the liver, fevers, and diarrhoea. F. gamella'ria, 
F. doliaria. F. glomera'ta, cluster fig of E. Indies; 
root is expectorant and antidysenteric ; bark is used. FIDDLES 
externally for ulcers. F. go'nia, bark of this E. In- 
dian tree is used in aphthae and odontalgia, and in 
affections of the kidney and bladder. F. hetero- 
phyl'la, E. Indian tree; j uice of the root is used in colic 
and dysentery; bark of the root in asthma and respi- 
ratory affections. F. In'di® gra'na, Coccus cacti. F. 
In'dica, banyan tree; see Musa paradisiaca, Caoutchouc, 
Carica papaya, Lacca. F. nit'ida, fruit of this E. Indian 
tree is used in aphthae. F. oppositifo'lia, E. Indian 
tree; various parts are emetic, tonic, and antiperiodic. 
F. pas'sa, dried fig. F. racemo'sa, country fig tree 
of E. Indies; used as a tonic, and in haematuria and 
menorrhagia, diabetes, and sluggish conditions of the 
liver. F. religio'sa, sacred fig of E. Indies; altera- 
tive ; bark of root used externally for ulcers; see 
Lacca. F. Rumph'!!, various parts of this plant of 
Asia are expectorant, and used also in cutaneous dis- 
eases. F. sep'tica, the various parts of this plant of 
Molucca are diuretic, cathartic, expectorant, and an- 
thelmintic. F. undula'ta, E. Indian tree; used in 
aphth®. F. un'guium, condition of the nails in 
which the posterior wall is swollen, everted, and 
more or less inflamed. F. vene'rea, venereal wart; 
condyloma. F. vulga'ris, F. carica. 
Fid'dles. Scrophularia aquatica. 
Fidgets, fid'jets. General restlessness and trouble- 
some uneasiness of the nerves and muscles, with in- 
creased sensibility and inability of fixing the atten- 
tion, with a perpetual desire for changing the posi- 
tion ; technically called dysphoria. 
Fidicinales, fid-is-in-al'ees (fidicen, a harper). Lum- 
bricales manus. 
Fidispinalis, fid-e-spin-al'is. Multifidus spin®. 
Field of fixa'tion. Surface over which the point of 
sight or of clearest vision on the retina can be moved 
by motion of the eye. F. hos'pital, hospital on bat- 
tlefield, or portable, to be carried on march. F. of re- 
gard', F. of fixation. F. of view, whatever is em- 
braced in a view from any point, whether near or 
distant. F. of vis'ion, external space from which 
appreciable rays of light strike upon the retina; 
space on the retina capable of appreciating impres- 
sions. This field is contracted in some affections of 
the retina or of the cerebrum. F., vis'ual, field of 
vision. 
Field'weed. Anthemis cotula, Erigeron Philadel- 
phicum. 
Field'wort. Gentiana amarella. 
Fifteen-day fe'ver. Eelapsing fever. 
Fifth nerve. Trifacial nerve. See Trigemini. F. 
ven'tricle, see Ventricles of the brain. 
Fig. Fruit of Ficus carica. F., In'dian, Cactus 
opuntia; Ficus Indica; Opuntia vulgaris. F., sa'- 
cred, Ficus religiosa. F. sen'na, see Cassia senna. 
Figura, fig-u'rah. Figure. F. veno'sa (venous fig- 
ure), venous circle in the embryo which bounds the 
vascular area. 
Figuration, fig-u-ra'shun (figuro, to fashion). Imag- 
ination. 
Fig'ure. Contour of any part. F., achromat'ic or 
achro'mative, spindle shape assumed by achromatic 
fibrils in a dividing cell; see Fibres, achromatic. F., 
chromat'ic or chro'mative, shape produced by chro- 
matic fibrils in a dividing cell; see Fibres, chromatic. 
F., coiled, convolution. F., divis'ion or nu'clear, 
figure formed by nucleus during caryocinesis ; inter- 
mediate stage in the course of direct nuclear division. 
F., po'lar, poles in dividing cell, subsequently the 
location of daughter nuclei. 
Fig'ure-of-8. Bandage with turns arranged to re- 
semble somewhat a figure of 8; twisted suture. 
Fig'wart. Ficus condyloma. 
Fig'wort. Scrophularia nodosa; Ranunculus fica- 
ria. F. wa'ter, great'er, Scrophularia aquatica. 
Fi'la (pl. of Filum, thread) interme'dia ner'vi 
acus'tici. Nervous filaments passing between the 
facial and auditory nerves. F. ner'vea, nerve-fibres. 
F. olfacto'ria, olfactory filaments. F. parotide'a, fila- 
ments of auricularis magnus nerve to parotid gland. 
F. spermat'ica, spermatozoa. 
Filaceous, fil-a'se-us. Filamentous. 
440 
> FILLET 
Fil'ament (dim. of Filum, a thread). Small thread 
or fibril; glairy, thread-like substance forming in the 
urine in some diseases, and depending on a particular 
secretion from the mucous membrane of the urinary 
passages. F., achromat'ic, fibril, achromatic. F., 
chromat'ic, fibril, chromatic. F. of Miil'ler, see 
Fibres of Muller and Tunica Jacobi. F., nu'clear, fibril, 
nuclear. F., nucleoplas'mic, fibril, nuclear. F., ol- 
fac'tory, olfactory hairs. F., sem'inal or spermat'ic, 
spermatozoid. F., ter'minal, thread-like inferior 
termination of spinal cord. 
Filamen'ta ner'vea Wrisber'gii. Nerve of Wris- 
berg. 
Filamentous, fil-am-en'tus. Filaceous; thread-like; 
filiform; containing thread-like substances, as fila- 
mentous tunic or decidua. 
Fil'aments of Mul'ler. Connective-tissue fibres 
between limiting membranes of retina. 
Filamen'tum. Filament; fraenum. 
Filaria, fil-ah're-ah {filum, a thread). Genus of 
parasitic worms found in various organs of ani- 
mals, as Nematoidea; see Parasites. F. Bancroft!, 
filaria Medinensis. F. bronchiaTis, filaria found 
in the bronchial tubes. F. conjunct!'vae, species found 
under the conjunctiva, especially of negroes. F. der- 
mathem'ica, filaria causing papulo-pustular disease 
of the skin, as in craw-craw of Africa. F, dracun'- 
culus, F. Medinensis. F. Guineen'sis, dracunculus. 
F. horn'inis {homo, man), F. bronchialis; F. san- 
guinis. F. hom'inis o'ris, F. found in the mouth 
of a child. F. immitis, present in the portal vein 
in a case of haematuria; ova were also discovered 
in the wall of the bladder and in the uterus. F. 
labia'lis, occurring in a pustule in the upper lip. F. 
lacrima'lis, F. conjunctivae. F. len'tis, species found 
in lens in the catarrh; see Parasites. F. Medinen'- 
sis, dracunculus or Guinea worm of Egypt, India, and 
W. Indies, producing abscesses in the skin. Tarragon. 
F. oc'uli, F. conjunctivae; F. lentis; see Parasites. F. 
san'guinis, filaria seen in blood-vessels and lymphat- 
ics, producing chyluria, elephantiasis, etc. The patho- 
logical condition is called Filariasis or Filariosis. F. 
Wuchere'ri, F. sanguinis. 
Fila'rial. Belating to filaria. 
Filari'asis or Filario'sis. See Filaria sanguinis. 
Fil'bert. Corylus avellana. 
File, den'tal. Dental file. 
File-cut'ter's disease. In making steel files they 
are laid on a lead bed, and the fine particles of lead 
are raised in a cloud whenever the file is struck by 
the chisel, and may be inhaled, giving rise to lead- 
poisoning, a form of pneumono-koniosis. 
Filetum, fil-a'tum {filum, a thread). Fraenum of 
the tongue. 
Filicic (fil-is'ik) acid. CuHisOs. Crystallizable 
acid from male fern. 
Filicin, fil'is-in. Active principle of root of Aspid- 
ium filix mas, or male fern. 
Filicula, fil-ik'u-lah (dim. of Filix, fern). Polypo- 
dium filix mas. F. dul'cis, Polypodium vulgare. 
Filiform, fil'e-form (filum, a thread, forma, form). 
Threadlike, as the filiform papillae of the tongue, fili- 
form or thready pulse, filiform bougie, etc. See 
Papillae. 
Filipendula, fil-e-pen'du-lah (filum, a thread, pendo, 
to hang). Spiraea filipendula. 
Filipuncture, fi'li-punk-shur. Operation for aneur- 
ism by introduction of fine wire or catgut into the 
sac, leaving it there to produce coagulation. 
Filitan'nic acid. Tannic acid obtained from Filix 
mas. 
Filix (fe'liks) aquat'ica or flo'rida. Spiraea fili- 
pendula. F. flor'ida, Osmunda regalis. F. fcemin'ea, 
Pteris aquilina. F. mas, Aspidium filix mas; Poly- 
podium filix mas. F. non-ramo'sa denta'ta, Polypo- 
dium filix mas. F. nymphae'a, Pteris aquilina. F, 
pinna'ta, Polypodium filix mas. F. ven'eris, Adian- 
tum pedatum. 
Fillaea suaveolens, fil-le'ah swav-a'o-lens. Erythro 
phlaeum Guineense. 
Fil'let {filum, a thread). Fascia. Bandage like a FILLING 
noose. Lemniscus. F. of cor'pus callo'sum, gyrus 
fornicatus. F. lemnis'cus, lemniscus. F., ol'ivary, 
fasciculus of nerve-fibres surrounding olivary body 
of medulla oblongata. 
Fill'ing. In dentistry, operation of stuffing the 
cavity of a carious tooth with some indestructible 
substance to prevent the access of extraneous matters. 
The materials employed are gold foil, sponge or crys- 
talline gold, tin foil, mastic, gutta percha, etc. See 
Plugging. 
Fiiobacteria, feTo-bak-te-re-ah. Thread-like bac- 
teria. desmobacteria for example. See Bacteria. 
Fi'lopressure {filum, wire, premo, pressum, to press). 
Pressure with wire, as over an artery. 
Filovarico'sis. Varicose swelling on nerve-fibres 
of axis-cylinder. 
Fil'ter. Filtrum. F., res'piratory, respirator. 
Fil'trate. Filtered liquid. 
Filtration, fil-tra'shun {filtrum, filter). Pharma- 
ceutical operation, consisting in passing fluid through 
a filter or strainer, to clarify it. In ancient physiology, 
action by which different humors are separated from 
the mass of the blood. 
Fil'trum. A filter; any porous material through 
which fluid is passed to separate it from the matters 
suspended in it. F. ventric'uli laryn'gis, furrow or 
groove between the cartilages of Santorini and of 
Wrisberg in the larynx. 
Filum, fe'lum (thread). Filament. F. car'neum, 
muscular fibre. F. corona'rium, thread-like process 
along the sides of the auriculo-ventricular opening. 
F. du'rse ma'tris, process of dura mater around the 
filum terminale of the spinal cord. F. muscula're, 
muscular fibre. F. spermat'icum, spermatozoid. F. 
termina'le, slender ligament, prolonged from the ner- 
vous sheath formed by the spinal pia mater, which 
descends through the centre of the cauda equina, 
and is attached to the dura mater lining the canal 
of the coccyx. In structure it is essentially the same 
as that of the spinal cord proper, except that nerve- 
roots are not connected with it. 
Fimbria, fim'bre-ah. Band or fringe, as the fimbria 
or fimbriated or fringed extremity of the Fallopian 
tube. Fibre. F. cor'nu ammo'nis, a white band ex- 
tending along the hippocampus, and reflected out- 
wardly from its interior border. F. ova'rica, a long 
fimbria of Fallopian tube directed toward the ovary. 
Fimbriae, fim'bre-e (pl. of Fimbria). Threads. F. 
carno'sse co'li, appendiculse pinguedinosae. F. of 
Fallo'pian tube, see Fimbria. F. lin'guae, wavy fold 
of sublingual mucous membrane. F. cviduc'tus, 
fimbriae of Fallopian tube; see Fimbria. F. syno- 
via'les, connective-tissue filaments projecting into 
interior of joints. 
Fimbriated, fim'bre-a-ted. See Fimbria. F. body, 
fimbria cornu ammonis. F. extremity, see Fimbria. 
Fimbriocele, fim-bre-o-se'le (Eng. fim'bre-o-seel) 
{fimbria, kele, tumor). Hernia involving the fimbriated 
extremity of the Fallopian tube. 
Fimus, fe'mus. Excrement; faeces. 
Fin'ger. See Digitus. F., an'nular, see Digitus. 
F., ear, see Digitus. F., club, see Kyllosis. F., con- 
tracted, Dupuytren's contraction. F., fai'ry, Dig- 
italis purpurea. F., Hippocratic, fusiform tumefac- 
tion of the last phalanx of the index finger especially, 
with curving of the nails, mentioned by Hippocrates 
as characteristic of phthisis, but present in many 
cases of disturbed haematosis. F., in'dex, see Dig- 
itus. F., lit'tie, see Digitus. F., mid'dle, medius 
digitus. F., ring, annular finger. F. stall, covering 
for injured or sore fingers; see Digitale. F., supernu- 
merary, a form of monstrosity in which there are 
more fingers than usual. F., trig'ger, occasional in- 
terference with flexion and extension of finger, ending 
in a jerk; see Trigger. F., webbed, syndactylism. 
Fi'nis as'perse arte'riae (end of the trachea). 
Larynx. 
Fir, bal'sam. Pinus balsamea. F. moss, upright, 
Lycopodium selago. F. oil, see Pinus sylvestris. F., 
Scotch, Pinus sylvestris. F., spruce, Norway, Pinus 
abies. F. tree, sil'ver, Europe'an, Pinus picea. F. 
441 
FISSURA 
wool, see Pinus sylvestris. F., yew-leaved, Pinus 
abies. 
Fire. Inflammation. F. damp, hydrogen, carbu- 
retted. F. mea'sles, see Rubeola. F., Per'sian, see 
Anthrax, F., pink, Silena Virginica. F. root, Acorns 
calamus. F., St. An'thony's, erysipelas. F. weed, 
Erechthites hieracifolia: senecio. F., wild, erysip- 
elas. 
Fi'ring. Cauterization. 
First breech presentation. See Presentation. F. 
face presentation, see Presentation. F. intention, 
see Intention. F. nerve, olfactory nerve. 
Fir-wool. Wool made by beating pine leaves, and 
applied over rheumatic or other painful regions. 
F.-w. oil, distilled oil from fresh leaves of Pinus syl- 
vestris ; pine-needle oil. 
Fish extract. Extract prepared from fish, resem- 
bling extract of flesh. 
Fish'berries. Menispermum cocculus. F. poi'son, 
Cocculus Indicus. 
Fish'glue. Isinglass. 
Fish'poison. Berries of Cocculus Indicus. Poison 
of fish from presence of ptomaines. 
Fish'skin. Ichthyosis. 
Fishtongue. Instrument-so called from its shape 
-used for the removal of the wisdom teeth. 
Fissiculation, fis-sik-u-la'shun (fissiculo, to open or 
make incisions). Opening made with a scalpel. 
Fis'sile. Inclined or able to split. 
Fission, fis'shun. Reproduction by splitting. See 
Generation. 
Fissipar'ity. Generation by fission or splitting. 
Fissiparous, fis-sip'ar-us (findo, to split, pario, to 
bring forth). Generating by splitting. See Genera- 
tion. 
Fissura, fis-su'rah. Fissure. F. a'ni, fissure of the 
anus. Painful superficial breach of surface in the 
anal region, frequently attended with anal spasm and 
with ulcer on the verge of or within the sphincter. 
F. ante'rior, sulcus or furrow between frontal and 
parietal lobe. F. antit'rago-helici'na, furrow in 
cartilage of ear between processus helicis caudatus 
and antitragus. F. Bichat'ii, transverse cerebral 
fissure. F. calcari'na, calcarine fissure. F. callo'- 
so-margina'lis, calloso-marginal sulcus. F. cana'lis 
Fallo'pii, hiatus Fallopii. F. centra'lis, central fis- 
sure ; F. of Sylvius; median f. F. cerebel'li longi- 
tudina'lis, valley of cerebellum. F. cerebel'li trans- 
ver'sa, great horizontal fissure between upper and 
lower surface of cerebellum. F. cer'ebri centra'lis, 
furrow separating frontal and parietal lobes of brain. 
F. cer'ebri collatera'lis, deep groove on upper sur- 
face of occipital and temporo-sphenoidal lobes of the 
brain. F. cer'ebri horizonta'lis, calcarine fissure. 
F. cer'ebri inferior, horizontal portion of fissure of 
Sylvius. F. cer'ebri latera'lis, fissure of Sylvius. 
F. cer'ebri latera'lis ante'rior, ascending portion of 
fissure of Sylvius. F. cer'ebri latera'lis poste'rior, F. 
cerebri inferior. F. cer'ebri longitudina'lis, fissure, 
longitudinal, of the brain. F. cer'ebri mag'na, ante- 
rior transverse fissure of the brain. F. cer'ebri pari'- 
eto-occipita'lis, parieto-occipital fissure. F. cer'ebri 
poste'rior, calcarine fissure. F. cer'ebri supe'rior, 
ascending portion of fissure of Sylvius. F. cer'ebri 
transver'sa ante'rior or transver'sa mag'na, trans- 
verse fissure of brain, anterior. F. cer'ebri trans- 
ver'sa par'va poste'rior, posterior transverse fissure 
of brain. F. choroi'dea, opening to interior of eye 
through which middle germ-layer passes to form 
vitreous humor; anterior transvere fissure of brain. 
F. collatera'lis, F. cerebri collateralis. F. contraja'- 
cens, contrafissura. F. dor's! latera'lis, furrow on 
spinal cord of neck, near posterior median fissure. 
F. dor'si mesa'lis, posterior fissure of spinal cord. 
F. endo-mesognath'ica, middle incisive fissure sep- 
arating premaxillary bones from superior maxillary 
bone. F. ethmoida'lis, fissure in cribriform plate of 
ethmoid. F. fos'sae Syl'vii ante'rior or ascen'dens, 
ascending portion of fissure of Sylvius. F. fos'sae 
Syl'vii poste'rior or horizonta'lis, F. cerebri infe- 
rior. F. fove'ae rhomboida'lis longitudina'lis or FISSURA 
me'dia, median groove in floor of fourth ventricle of 
brain. F. Gla'seri, fissure at bottom of glenoid fossa 
of temporal bone. F. hippocam'pi, hippocampal fis- 
sure; calcarine fissure. F. horizonta'lis, calcarine 
fissure. F. incisi'va, fissure separating premaxillary- 
bones from superior maxillary. F. interlobula'ris, 
interlobular fissure. F. intermesognath'ica, fissure 
between two premaxillary bones, mesognathion of 
each side. F. interparieta'lis, fissure between parie- 
tal bones. F. i'ridis, coloboma. F. larynge'a phar- 
yn'gis, see Larynx. F. latera'lis, fissure of Sylvius. 
Furrow on spinal cord of the neck, near posterior 
median fissure. F. latera'lis ante'rior, ascending por- 
tion of fissure of Sylvius. F. latera'lis poste'rior, F. 
cerebri inferior. F. longitudina'lis ante'rior, fissure 
dividing spinal cord and medulla oblongata longitu- 
dinally into two halves. F. longitudina'lis cerebel'li, 
valley of the cerebellum. F. longitudina'lis cer'ebri, 
fissure dividing cerebral hemispheres on median line. 
F. longitudina'lis poste'rior, posterior median fis- 
sure of spinal cord. F. mag'na Syl'vii, fissure of 
Sylvius. F. mag'na vul'vee, opening of the vulva. 
F. mastoi'dea squamo'sa, fissure that occasionally 
takes the place of the squamo-mastoid suture. F. 
media'na ante'rior, anterior median fissure of the 
spinal cord. F. media'na poste'rior, posterior median 
fissure of the spinal cord. F. me'so-exognath'ica, 
lateral incisive fissure. F. occipita'lis, occipita'lis 
inter'na, or occipita'lis perpendicula'ris inter'na, 
parieto-occipital fissure. F. occipita'lis exter'na or 
occipita'lis perpendicula'ris exter'na, transverse 
occipital sulcus. F. occipita'lis horizonta'lis or pos- 
te'rior, calcarine fissure. F. olfacto'ria, narrow top 
of each nasal fossa. F. orbita'lis infe'rior, fissure 
between body of upper jaw and greater ala of sphe- 
noid groove on orbital surface of upper jaw. F. 
orbita'lis supe'rior, sphenoidal fissure. F. o'ris, 
aperture of mouth. F. palati'na, vertical fissure be- 
tween pterygoid process and superior maxillary bone, 
transmitting internal maxillary artery. F. palpe- 
bra'rum, see Palpebra. F. paralle'la, upper and 
largest furrow of temporal lobe. F. pari'eto-occipi- 
ta'lis or perpendicula'ris, parieto-occipital fissure. 
F. pe'tro- or petro'so-basila'ris, petro-basilar fissure. 
F. pe'tro- or petro'so-mastoi'dea, fissure behind 
tympanic division of temporal bone. F. petro'sa 
superficia'lis, hiatus Fallopii. F. petro'so-angula'- 
ris, space at base of skull between petrous bone and 
greater ala of sphenoid. F. petroso-squamo'sa, line or 
seam separating, in the foetus, squamous and petnous 
portions of temporal bone. F. pe'tro-tympan'ica, 
fissure at bottom of glenoid fossa of temporal bone. 
F. pila'ris, capillary fracture, fissure, or crack. F. 
poste'rior, calcarine fissure ; parieto-occipital fissure. 
F. prseoccipita'lis, notch on lower border of outer 
surface of hemisphere, indicating division of occipital 
and temporal lobe. F. pterygoi'dea, space between 
pterygoid plates of sphenoid. F. pter'ygo-palati'na, 
F. palatina, F. puden'di, opening of the vulva. F. 
Rolan'di, central groove on surface of hemisphere. F. 
sphenoida'lis or sphenoida'lis superior, sphenoidal 
fissure. F. sphe'no-palati'na, F. palatina, F. spheno- 
petro'sa, fissure at base of skull between spine of sphe- 
noid and petrous bone. F. spina'lis, spina bifida. F. 
ster'ni, congenital fissure of sternum from imperfect 
union of its cartilages. F. subic'uli inter'na, deep fis- 
sure between the eminentia collateralis and the hip- 
pocampus major. F. Syl'vii, fissure of Sylvius. F. 
tegumen'ti-tym'pani, shallow furrow on petrous por- 
tion of temporal bone in young people, indicating 
osseous union. F. tempora'lis infe'rior, collateral 
fissure. F. transver'sa ante'rior, F. cerebri centralis. 
F. transver'sa cerebri, transverse cerebral fissure. 
F. tym'pano-squamo'sa, F. Glaseri. F. ventra'lis, 
anterior median fissure of spinal cord. F. ventri- 
latera'lis, furrow on spinal cord of cervical region, 
occasionally found near anterior median fissure. F. 
ventrimesa'lis, anterior median fissure of spinal 
cord. F. vesico-genita'lis, median fissure of lower 
abdomen-wall, with separation of symphysis pubis. 
F. vul'vae, cleft of vulva. F. vul'vse mag'na, open- 
442 
FISSURA 
ing of the vulva. F. zygomat'ico-sphenoida'lis, 
space occasionally found in place of spheno-zygomatic 
suture. 
Fissuration, fish-shu-ra'shun. Formation or pro- 
duction of fissure. 
Fissure, fis'shure (findo, to cleave). A cleft or open- 
ing in a bone; a fracture in which the bone is 
cracked, not separated, as in fracture. Congenital 
fissures frequently exist in the cranial bones, the 
result of incomplete ossification. Narrow, long, super- 
ficial solution of continuity around the external 
openings of the mucous membranes. Chap observed, 
particularly on the callous hands of workmen in cer- 
tain mechanical employments. Small chapped ulcer- 
ations in young children, due to contact of the fieces 
and urine with the delicate skin of the thighs, nates, 
and genital organs. Clefts on the genital organs in 
the vicinity of the anus in those laboring under 
syphilis; usually called rhagades. Small cleft or 
chapped sore, especially on the lips or hands. Cere- 
bral fissures are furrows in the structure of the brain. 
F., abdom/inal, extensive abdominal hernia. F., ad- 
occip'ital, fissure of cerebrum across caudal portion 
of praecuneus. F., amyg'daline, cerebral fissure on 
mesal aspect of tip of temporal lobe ; see Fissura 
and Monster. F., ante'rior me'dian, see Fissures of 
spinal cord. F. of anus, fissura ani. F., auric'- 
ular, aperture on lower surface of petrous portion 
of temporal bone, for auricular branch of pneumo- 
gastric nerve. F., basirrhi'nal, small fissure near tip 
of temporal lobe. F., basi-Syl'vian, basal portion of 
F. of Sylvius. F. of Bichat, transverse fissure of 
the brain. F. of blad'der, congenital fissure in wall 
of bladder. F. of bone, see Fissure. F., cal'carine, 
see Calcarine. F., callo'sal, space between dorsal 
portion of corpus callosum and cortex. F., callo'so- 
mar'ginal, F. on nasal surface of hemisphere of brain 
between corpus callosum and margin. F., cen'tral, 
aggregate of the cavities or ventricles of the brain. F., 
chorioi'dal, transverse cerebral fissure. F., circum- 
in'sular, F. around base of insula. F., collat'eral, 
F. on mesal part of cerebrum ; eminentia collateralis. 
F., den'tate, hippocampal fissure. F. of duc'tus veno'- 
sus, see Liver. F., ecto-occip'ital, transverse f. near 
tip of occipital lobe. F., ectorrhinal, F. at side of 
base of olfactory crus. F., ethmoid'al, superior 
meatus of nares. F., fau'cial, F. on middle surface 
of fourth lobe. F. for gall-bladder, see Gall-bladder. 
F. of Gla'ser or Glase'rius, fissure, glenoid. F., gle'- 
noid, this divides the glenoid cavity of the temporal 
bone into two parts, and gives passage to the chorda 
tympani, etc. F., great horizon'tal, fissure between 
upper and lower parts of cerebellum. F. of he'lix, a 
small vertical fissure of the helix of the ear, a little 
above the tubercle, for the attachment of the attrahens 
aurem muscle. F., hippocam'pal, cerebral fissure from 
splenium to near tip of temporal lobe. F., horizon'tal, 
calcarine fissure ; peduncular sulcus. F., inci'sor, in- 
cisive suture ; F. between intermaxillary part of upper 
maxillary bone and the rest of that bone. F., infraor'- 
bitar, suborbitar fissure. F., in'sular, any fissure cross- 
ing the insula. F., intercer'ebral, longitudinal fissure. 
F., intergy'ral, fissure between two cerebral convolu- 
tions. F., interhemispheric, longitudinal fissure. 
F., interlamel'lar, F. between lamellae of cere- 
bellum. F., interlo'bar, fissure between any two 
cerebral lobes. F., interlob'ular, longitudinal fissure; 
great longitudinal fissure of brain. F., interme'diate, 
paramedian sulcus. F., interpal'pebral, F., parietal. 
F., interpari'etal, F., parietal. F., interpedunc'ular, 
F. between crura cerebri. F., intragy'ral, small 
fissure between larger ones. F., intrapari'etal, F., 
parietal. F. of i'ris, coloboma. F., lambdoid'al, 
occipital fissure. F., lat'eral, antero-lateral groove of 
spinal cord. F. of lip, hare-lip. F., longitu'dinal, 
great longitudinal f. of brain, separating two hemi- 
spheres; groove on inferior surface of liver. F., 
mar'ginal, fissure at right angles to corpus callosum. 
F., max'illary, F. on inner surface of superior maxil- 
lary bone. F. of the nip'ple, formation of fissures in 
the female breast during lactation. F., occal'carine, FISSURES 
F. of which calcarine and occipital fissures are divis- 
ions. F., occipital, F., occlp'ito-pari'etal, deep 
interlobar f. between occipital and parietal lobes of 
cerebrum. F., occipito-tem'poral, F., collateral. F., 
olfac'tory, F. in olfactory lobe for olfactory bulb and 
crus. F., or'bital, see Orbitar fissure. F., or'bitar, in- 
ferior, spheno-maxillary fissure. F., or'bitar, supe'- 
rior, sphenoidal fissure. F. of pal'ate, cleft of palate. 
F., pal'pebral, F. between upper and lower eyelids. 
F., paracen'tral, F. passing nearly around paracentral 
lobe. F., pari'etal, interparietal or intraparietal f., 
beginning near end of central f., and connected with 
occipital lobe. F., perpendic'ular, F., occipital. F., 
por'tal, transverse f. of liver; see Liver. F., post- 
cal'carine, F. in occipital cerebral region, connected 
with calcarine fissure. F., postfront'al, frontal fis- 
sure. F., posthippocam'pal, calcarine f. F., post- 
occip'ital, fissure constituting front margin of supe- 
rior occipital convolution. F., postsep'tal, F. at back 
part of occipital lobe. F., pre-Syl'vian, anterior por- 
tion of fissure of Sylvius. F. of rec'tum, F., anal. 
F. or Fur'row of Rolan'do, transverse fissure be- 
tween two superior cerebral convolutions, met with 
above the fissure of Sylvius. It is slightly pos- 
terior to the coronal suture, and corresponds very 
nearly with the line of suture between the frontal 
and parietal bones. F., sagit'tal, intercerebral fis- 
sure. F. of Santori'ni, see Fissures. F., semilu'- 
nar, notch at the anterior edge of the cerebel- 
lum, where it receives fibres connecting it to the 
cerebellum and mesocephalon. F., small cer'ebral, 
inferior transverse fissure. F., sphenoid'al, triangu- 
lar fissure on sphenoid bone, transmitting branches of 
fifth pair of nerves and ophthalmic vein. F., spheno- 
maxillary, fissure between superior maxillary and 
sphenoid bones. F., spi'nal, spina bifida. F. of spleen, 
hilus of spleen. F., subfront'al, fissure between 
frontal convolutions. F. of Syl'vius, deep, narrow 
sulcus, ascending obliquely backward from the tem- 
poral ala of the sphenoid bone, near to the middle of 
the parietal bone, and parting the anterior and middle 
lobes of the cerebrum on each side. F. of the tra'gus, 
fissure on the anterior surface of the tragus of the ear. 
F., trans'verse, of the brain, great transverse fissure, 
fissure of Bichat. A fissure passing beneath and 
behind the edge of the middle lobe of the brain, and 
extending beneath the hemisphere of one side to the 
same point of the opposite side. F., umbilical, front 
part of longitudinal fissure of liver. F. of ure'thra, 
epispadias; hypospadias. F. of ve'na ca'va, see Liver. 
F. of ver'tebra, spina bifida. 
Fis'sures of the cer'ebrum. See Fissure. F. of 
liv'er, see Liver. F. of lungs, see Lung. F. of medul'- 
la oblonga'ta, see Medulla spinalis. F. of Santori'ni, 
irregular fissures in cartilage of external auditory 
meatus and the tragus. F. of spi'nal cord, see Me- 
dulla spinalis. 
Fist. The clenched hand. 
Fistula, fist'yu-lah (pipe or reed). Fistule. A solu- 
tion of continuity, the opening of which is narrow, and 
the disease kept up by an altered texture of parts, so 
that it is not disposed to heal. It may be cutaneous 
or deep-seated; incomplete or blind, when it has but 
one opening; complete, when there are two openings, 
the one communicating with an internal cavity, the 
other externally. Incomplete fistulas may be internal 
or external; the former open internally, the latter 
open externally. External incomplete fistulae are 
kept up by caries or necrosis of bones, by extraneous 
bodies in any of the living textures, or by purulent 
cavities, the walls of which have not become united. 
Internal incomplete fistulae generally soon become 
complete, since the discharge escaping from them 
into the cavities into which they open has a constant 
tendency to make its way outwardly, and soon occa- 
sions ulceration of the integuments. Fistulae have 
received different names, according to the discharge 
which they afford and the organs in which they are 
seated, as lacrymal, biliary, salivary, synovial, and 
urinary. Those dependent on diseased bone, carti- 
lage, tendon, etc. do not heal until after the exfolia- 
443 
FISTULA 
tion of the morbid part. Fistula; of excretory ducts 
are produced either by an injury of the duct itself or 
by the retention and accumulation of the fluids to 
which they have to give passage ; thus, fistula lacry- 
malis, dropsy of the lacrymal sac, commonly proceeds 
from the obliteration of the nasal ducts or from atony 
of the lacrymal sac, preventing the tears from pass- 
ing into the nostrils. Cassia fistula. F., abdom'inal, 
fistula of wall of abdomen. F., ae'rial, opening re- 
sulting from injury to the larynx and trachea, allow- 
ing the air of respiration to pass through. F. a'ni, 
an'al, or a'no generally occurs from mechanical 
pressure or impediment. The principal indication in 
the treatment of fistulse of the excretory canals being 
to put a stop to the constant discharge of the secre- 
tions, etc. through the preternatural channel, the fis- 
tulous passage is at times laid open, and a communi- 
cation established with the natural excretory canal; 
at others strong pressure is employed to procure its 
obliteration. F. au'ris congen'ita, congenital fissure 
or fistula in the outer ear, a remnant of foetal life. F. 
Bellinla'na, uriniferous tube. F., bil'iary, form of 
fistula usually met with in the right hypochondriac 
region, generally caused by ulceration of the gall-blad- 
der. F., blind, incomplete fistula; see Fistula. F., 
branch'ial, fistula in cervical region communicating 
with pharynx. F., bron'chial, see Fistula, parietal. 
F., cer'vical, F. opening on the neck or into the cervix 
uteri. F. ciba'lis, oesophagus. F. col'll congen'ita, 
fistulous canal in cervical region from non-closure of 
a branchial cleft. F., complete', see Fistula. F. cor'- 
neae, fistula of the cornea. This results from a pene- 
trating wound of the cornea continuing unhealed, but 
becoming closed over by the conjunctiva. The aqueous 
humor escapes from the anterior chamber and raises 
the conjunctiva in the form of a vesicle, which should 
be removed with scissors and the opening in the 
cornea touched with nitrate of silver. F. cru'ris, 
fibula. F., den'tal, F., alveolar. F. du'ra ma'tris, 
sinus of the dura mater. F., en'tero-vagi'nal, fis- 
tula leading from intestinal canal above the rectum to 
the vagina. F., en'tero-ves'ical, fistula leading from 
bladder to intestines. F., fe'cal, fistula of the intes- 
tines due to injury or gunshot wound; see Anus, ar- 
tificial. F., fron'tal, abscess communicating with 
frontal sinus. F., gas'tric, F. of the stomach, a form 
of fistula in the epigastric region from traumatic 
causes, as gunshot wounds of the stomach, discharg- 
ing gastric juice, mucus, or the contents of that 
organ. F., gas'tro-col'ic, fistulous communication 
between the stomach and the colon. F., gastro-duo- 
denal, is a similar condition between the stomach 
and duodenum. F., gas'tro-cuta'neous, fistulous 
communication between the stomach and the exter- 
nal surface of the body. F., gas'tro-duode'nal, see 
F., gastro-colic. F., gas'tro-intes'tinal, fistula lead- 
ing from the stomach to the intestine. F., gas'tro- 
pul'monary, fistula leading from the stomach into 
the lung. F., gas'tro-vagi'nal, rare form of fistula 
from stomach and abdomen into vagina. F., gen'ito- 
u'rinary, fistula between urinary and genital appara- 
tus. F. gingiva'lis, F., alveolar. F., hepat'ic, F., 
biliary. F., hypogas'tric, F. in hypogastric region. 
F., incomplete', blind fistula; see Fistula. F., in'- 
guinal, F. in inguinal region. F., inter'nal, fistula 
that has no outlet externally. F., intes'tinal, fistula 
communicating with intestine, variously called intes- 
tino-tubal, intestino-uterine, intestino-vaginal, intes- 
tino-vesical, as they connect with the Fallopian tube, 
uterus, vagina, or bladder. F. lacryma'lis, F. of lac- 
rymal apparatus; see Fistula. F., lac'teal, milk fis- 
tula; mastosyrinx. F., larynge'al, F. of larynx. F., 
laryn'go-pharynge'al, F. of larynx and pharynx. 
F. lympha'lls, lymphatic or lymph fistula, form of 
fistula in the cervical region, usually congenital, dis- 
charging a thin fluid, and dependent on imperfect 
closure of a lymphatic of the neck. F. mam'mse or 
mam'mary, milk fistula; mastosyrinx. F., me'tro- 
peritone'al, F. between uterine cavity and perito- 
neum. F., mus'cular, F. after abscess of muscu- 
lar tissue. F. nervo'rum, neurilemma. F., cesopha- FISTULE 
ge'al, F. of oesophagus. F., pari'etal, channel of 
communication formed by ulceration through the 
external walls, as of the chest or abdomen. If the 
pulmonary pleura be perforated, and an opening 
takes place into the bronchial tubes, a bronchial or 
even pulmonary fistula may be formed. F., pe'nile, 
abscess of urethra opening externally on the penis; see 
Penile. F., perine'al, F. produced by abscess of per- 
ineum communicating with organs in vicinity. F., 
perine'o-vagi'nal, fistula resulting from partial clos- 
ure of a ruptured perineum, leaving a small orifice 
near the sphincter ani, or from penetration of the 
presenting part of the foetus through the perineum 
during parturition. F., pharynge'al, F. opening into 
pharynx. F., pleu'ro-pul'monary, fistula of pleura 
communicating with lung, as from empyema. F. 
pulmona'lis or pullnonary, pleural adhesion with 
unnatural opening between lung and chest-wall; tra- 
chea. F., pu'rulent, F. attended with suppuration. 
F., rec'tai or rec'ti, fistula in ano. F., rec'to-la'bial, 
rec'to-ure'thral, and rec'to-vaginal, see F., recto- 
vesical. F., rec'to-veslcal, term applied to fistulous 
communication between the rectum and bladder; 
recto-urethral fistula and recto-vaginal fistula are ap- 
plied to similar communications between the rectum 
and the urethra or vagina; and vesico-uterine, recto- 
labial. vesico-vaginal, urethro-vaginal, and vesico-utero- 
vaginal fistula to a similar relation of the bladder and 
uterus, rectum and labia, bladder and vagina, ure- 
thra and vagina, and bladder, uterus, and vagina, 
respectively. F., rec'to-vul'var, rectal fistula hav- 
ing its outlet at the vulva. F., re'nal, fistula affect- 
ing pelvis of kidney. F. sac'ci lacrymalis, opening 
on face leading into lacrymal sac, from abscess in it. 
F. sa'cra, medulla spinalis; vertebral column; aque- 
duct of Sylvius. F., sa'cral, fistula situated in sacral 
or lumbo-sacral region. F. saliva'tus, salivary fis- 
tula; see Salivary. F., scro'tal, fistula of urethra 
opening externally on scrotum. F., spermatic, fis- 
tula resulting from inflammation of the testicle, in 
which spermatic fluid and pus are commingled. F. 
spiritua'lis, trachea. F. stercora'lis or stercoro'sa, 
stercora'ceous or ster'coral, fecal fistula; artificial 
anus. F., syno'vial, fistula connecting with synovial 
membranes or joints. F., Thl'ry's, artificial fistula 
of the intestine for collecting the intestinal juice. 
F., thora'cic, fistula between chest-wall and chest- 
cavity or contents, as from empyema. F., tra'- 
cheal, F. between trachea and external surface of 
body. F., umbilical, F. opening at the umbilicus, 
congenital or acquired. When there is communica- 
tion with the ovary, it is called umbilico-ovarian fistula. 
F., u'rachal, F. connected with the urachus. F., ure'- 
teral or ure'teric, F. of ureter. When it communi- 
cates with the rectum, uterus, or vagina, it is called 
uretero-rectal, uretero-uterine, or uretero-vaginal fistula. 
F. ure'terum re'num, see Calix. F. ure'thra, F. 
connected with the urethra. When there is commu- 
nication with the penis, perineum, rectum, or scrotum, 
it is termed urethro-penal, urethro-perineal, urethro-rec- 
tal, and urethro-scrotal. F. uri'nse, urina'lis, or u'ri- 
nary, F. of any part of the urinary apparatus; see 
Fistula. F. urina'ria, urethra. F., urogenital, F., 
genito-urinary. F., Vella's, artificial fistula resem- 
bling Thiry's fistula. F. ventric'uli, F., gastric; 
oesophagus. F., vesical, F. of urinary bladder. If 
communicating with the abdomen, cervix uteri, 
ovary, rectum, urethra and vagina, uterus, uterus and 
vagina, or vagina alone, it is called vesico-abdominal, 
vesico-cervical or vesico-cervico-uterine, vesico-ovarian, ves- 
ico-rectal or vesico-intestinal, vesico-urethro-vaginal, ves- 
ico-uterine, vesico-utero-vaginal, and vesico-vaginal fis- 
tula, respectively. See F, recto-vesical. 
Flstule, fist'yule. Fistula. 
Fis'tulose or Fistulous, fist'u-lus. Relating to or 
resembling a fistula. 
Fit. Paroxysm; convulsion. 
Fit'-plant or Fit'-root. Monotropa uniflora. 
Fits, nlne-day. Trismus nascentium. 
Five-day fe'ver. Relapsing fever, so called from 
period of its relapse. 
444 
FLAP 
Five-fin'gers. Panax quinquefolium ; Potentilla 
Canadensis; Ampelopsis quinquefolia. 
Five-leaf. Potentilla reptans. 
Five-leaves. Ampelopsis quinquefolia. 
Fixatio mononcea, fix-ah'she-o mon-o-ne'ah. Mel- 
ancholy. See Mononoea. 
Fixa'tion. Fixed or steady attention of the eye to 
a special point. Suturing of a displaced organ, as in 
hysterorrhaphy, etc. F. for'ceps, instrument for hold- 
ing the eye during operation. F. line, line projected 
through the point of vision and rotary centre of the 
eye. F. point, point of sight of which the image on 
the retina is in the central part of most distinct 
vision. 
Fixator, fix-a'tor. That which fixes or makes 
strong; muscle whose action is to keep parts or 
organs in place or comparatively immovable. F. 
ba'seos sta'pedis, collection of elastic fibres attached 
to base of stapes and wall of tympanum. F. la'bii 
superio'ris, depressor ake nasi. 
Fixed (figo, fixum, to fasten). Term applied to 
body not capable of being volatilized by fire, as fixed 
oils, in contradistinction to volatile oils. F. air, car- 
bonic-acid gas. F. oil, compound of glycerin with 
one or more fatty acids; see Fixed. F. ver'tebrse, 
those not separately movable, as sacrum and coccyx. 
Fix! dentes, fiks'e den'tees. Teeth of the second 
dentition. 
Flabellation, flab-el-la'shun (flabello, to agitate the 
air). Operation recommended by Pare, consisting in 
keeping fractured limbs and their dressings cool by 
the renewal of the air around them, either by a fan 
or by repeated change of position. 
Flabelliform, flab-el'li-form (flabellum, fan, forma, 
form). Fan-shaped. 
Flabellum, flab-el'lum (fan). Fibres radiating like 
a fan from the stria terminalis. 
Flaccidity, flas-sid'it-e (flaccidus, flabby). Softness 
of a part, offering little resistance on pressure. 
Flaconrtia cataphracta, flak-oor'te-ah kat-af-rak' 
tab. Shrub of E. Indies; fruit is used in diarrhoea; 
leaves are used for hoarseness. F. sepia'ria, same 
habitat. Bark is used externally in rheumatism and 
gout; leaves and root are given internally in snake- 
bites. 
Flag, blue. Iris versicolor. F., blue, slen'der, Iris 
Virginica. F., dwarf, Iris lacustris. F., myr'tle, 
Acorus calamus. F. root or F., sweet, Acorus calamus. 
F., yel'low, Iris pseudacorus. 
Flagel'la (pl. of Flagellum, a small twig or branch). 
Delicate motile or vibratile filament or process con- 
nected with some cells. 
Flagellation, flaj-el-la'shun (flagellum, a scourge). 
Treatment of disease by whipping or striking as a 
stimulant to the part scourged, and by its effect on 
the hypogastric region checking post-partum hemor- 
rhage. F. ma'nia, form of scourging mania, or theo- 
mania, which prevailed in Europe in the 13th and 
14th centuries. 
Flagelliform, flaj-el'le-form. Long and slender like 
a whip. 
Flagellum, flaj-el'lum. Long delicate cilium. Cord- 
like process of protoplasm connected with various 
cells and concerned in locomotion. 
Fla'jan's disease. Exophthalmic goitre. 
Flame, vi'tal. Vital principle. 
Flamed. Inflamed. Disinfection of knives and 
instruments through a flame. 
Flam'ma (flame). Flame; fleam. F. cor'dis or 
vita'lis, vital or animal heat. 
Flam'mon. Lachesis rhombeata. 
Flammula, flam'mu-lab (dim. of Flamma). Fleam ; 
Ranunculus ficaria. F. cor'dis, vital or animal heat. 
F. Jo'vis, Clematis recta. F. ma'jor, Ranunculus lin- 
gua. F. mi'nor, Ranunculus flammula. F. vita'lis, 
animal or vital heat. 
Flanks. Regions of the body extending on the 
sides from the inferior margin of the chest to the 
crista ilii. 
Flap. Portion of the soft parts of the body sepa- 
rated from those beneath by operation, such as ampu- FLAP-SPLITTING 
tation, but still attached by the base. Hence there 
may be flap wounds and flap operations. When the 
flap is taken from one part and applied to another in 
plastic operations, the operation is said to be by mi- 
gration of the flap. At times the flap is made to slide 
over the part to which it has to adhere; the operation 
is then said to be by the sliding of the flap. The flap 
is also, at times, rolled, inverted, etc. F. amputa'tion, 
see Amputation. F., cuta'neous, F., skin. F. dock, 
digitalis. F. extraction, operation for cataract, em- 
ployed in cases in which the substance of the lens 
will flow through the small corneal opening made by 
the surgeon. F., skin or teg'mentary, flap including 
skin and fascia. 
Flap-splitting operation. Operation for lacerated 
perineum; consisting in splitting with scissors the 
recto-vaginal septum from side to side, commencing 
in the middle line. The operator then draws the 
vaginal flap upward with the forceps, and the inferior 
flap downward, and the sutures are passed from left to 
right. 
Flare. Saliva. F., pigs', adeps suillus. 
Flat foot. See Kyllosis. F. top, Vernonia Nove- 
boracensis. 
Flatuarius, flat-u-ar'e-us (flatus, wind). Alchemist. 
Flatulence, flat'u-lence. Flatuosity, Wind, Windi- 
ness, Ventosity, Vapor. Formation or accumulation of 
wind in, or emission from, the digestive tube. 
Flat'ulent. Affected with or producing flatulence, 
as certain kinds of food. 
Flatulentia (flat-u-len'she-ah) or Flatuosity, flat-u- 
os'it-e. Flatulence. 
Flat'us (flo, to blow). Crepitation, flatulence. F. 
furio'sus, painful movable tumor of various parts, 
once considered as the effect of very subtile vapors. 
F. spi'nae, spina ventosa. F. vagi'nse, collection of 
gas in the vagina. 
Flavedo, flav-a'do (flavus, yellow). Yellowness. 
F. cor'ticum ci'tri, see Citrus medica. F. cu'tis, see 
Xanthopathia. F. icterit'ia, yellow color of jaundice. 
Flavicomous, flav-ik-o'mus (flavus, yellow, kome, 
hair). Having yellow or yellowish hair. 
Fla'vor. Quality of a sapid body, appreciated by 
the taste and smell combined, and more especially by 
the latter. 
Fla'vus. Yellow. 
Flaw-flower. Anemone pulsatilla. 
Flax, com'mon. Linum usitatissimum. F., purg'- 
ing, Linum catharticum. F. toad, Antirhinum line- 
aria. 
Flax'dresser's phthisis, te'sis. Disease of the lung 
induced by inhalation of fine particles of flax. See 
Pneumoconiosis. 
Flax'seed. Seed of Linum usitatissimum. F., 
ground, Lini farina. F. meal, see Linum usitatissi- 
mum. F. oil, oleum lini. F. poul'tice, cataplasma 
lini. F. tea, infusum lini compositum. 
Flea, com'mon. Pulex irritans. 
Flea'bane, Can'ada. Erigeron Canadense. F., 
great, Conyza squarrosa. F., nar'row-leaved, Erige- 
ron Philadelphicum. F., Philadel'phia, Erigeron 
Philadelphicum. F., skevish', Erigeron Philadelphi- 
cum. F., va'rious-leaved, Erigeron heterophyllum. 
Fleam (flame). Surgical instrument for phlebot- 
omy, consisting of a small metallic box containing 
a spear-pointed cutting instrument, which, by means 
of a spring, can be forced into the vein. Lancet. 
Flea'seed. Mucilaginous seed of Plantago psyl- 
lium. 
Flea'wort. Plantago psyllium. 
Flec'tens (flecto, to bend). Producing flexion; 
flexor, as a muscle. F. par lumbo'rum, quadratus 
lumborum. 
Flec'tor. Flexor. 
Fleece of Stirling. White woolly fibres described 
by that histologist as surrounding the corpus dentatum 
of the cerebellum. 
Fleg'men or Fle'men. Tumor about the ankles. 
Congestion of the lower extremities. Chap on the feet 
or hands. 
Fleischl's law, That excitability of a motor nerve 
445 
• FLEXOR 
varies uniformly at different points. F.'s hsemom'- 
eter, see Haemometer. 
Fleisch'mann's bur'sa. Bursa between the tongue 
and mucous membrane, to the outer side of the genio- 
glossus muscle. 
Fle'ma sala'da. Acrodynia. 
Flesh. Soft parts of an animal, particularly the 
muscles, which are called muscular flesh. F. germ, 
bioplast. F. juice, meat-juice. F., proud, fungosity. 
Flesh-colored ascle'pias. Asclepias incarnata. 
Flesh'-formers. See Aliment. 
Flesh'worm. Trichina. F. disease, trichiniasis. 
Flesh'y. Corpulent; resembling flesh; purely 
muscular. F. col'umns, columnae carnese. F. pons, 
projection of cardiac wall between right auriculo- 
ventricular opening and pulmonary artery. 
Fletus, fla'tus (fleo, to weep). Lacrymation. 
Flexibilitas, fleks-ib-il'it-as. Flexibility. F. ce'rea, 
cataleptic condition of cramp, with very flexible ex- 
tremities. 
Flexibility, fleks-i-bil'it-e (flecto, to bend). Capa- 
bility of being bent; tendons exhibit this property 
in a marked manner. 
Flexible, fleks'ib'l. Readily bent; capable of being 
bent without breaking or cracking, as a flexible cath- 
eter. F. collo'dion, collodium flexile. 
Flexicostate, fleks-e-kos'tate (fleeto, to bend, costa, 
rib). Having bent ribs. 
Flex'ile. Readily bent. 
Flexion, fleks'yun. State of being bent; opposite 
condition to extension; action of a flexor muscle. 
Bending of the child's head forward on the chest in 
labor. Surgical procedure in maintaining a limb or 
part in a flexed position. F., forced or for'cible, 
flexion practised to the fullest possible degree, to 
check hemorrhage,- to stretch a nerve, or break up an 
ankylosed condition. 
Flexor (bender). Muscle whose office it is to bend 
certain parts. F. accesso'rius, F. longus digitorum 
pedis. F. accesso'rius plan'tse, plantar head of 
flexor longus pollicis. F. antibrach'ii radia'lis, 
biceps flexor cubiti. F. antibrach'ii ulna'ris, 
brachialis anticus. F. bi'ceps brach'ii or cu'biti, 
biceps flexor cubiti. F. bi'ceps cru'ris, see Biceps 
flexor cruris. F. brach'ii, coraco-radialis. F. bre'vis 
cap'itis, rectus capitis anticus minor; atloido- 
suboccipitalis. F. bre'vis dig'iti quin'ti, F. parvus 
minimi digiti. F. bre'vis digito'rum, F. bre'vis 
digito'rum pe'dis, F. bre'vis digito'rum pe'dis 
perfora'tus, muscle placed at the middle of the sole 
of the foot; narrower and thicker behind than be- 
fore, where it is divided into four portions. It arises 
from the posterior part of the inferior surface of the 
second phalanx of the last four toes. It bends the 
second phalanges of the toes on the first, and the first 
on the metatarsal bones, thus augmenting the con- 
cavity of the vault of the foot. F. bre'vis hallu'cis, 
F. brevis pollicis pedis. F. bre'vis min'imi dig'iti, 
F. parvus minimi digiti. F. bre'vis min'imi dig'iti 
accesso'rius, occasional accessory slip of flexor brevis 
minimi digiti. F. bre'vis min'imi dig'iti pe'dis, 
muscle situate at the anterior and outer part of the 
sole of the foot, arising from the posterior extremity 
of the fifth metatarsal bone, and inserted into the 
posterior part of the first phalanx of the little toe, 
which it bends. F. bre'vis pol'licis ma'nus, muscle 
situate at the outer part of the palm of the hand, 
divided into two portions by the tendon of the flexor 
longus pollicis. It arises from the os magnum, the 
anterior annular ligament of the carpus, and the third 
metacarpal bone, and is inserted into the superior part 
of the first phalanx of the thumb, and into the two 
ossa sesamoidea at the articulation of the first phalanx 
with the first metacarpal bone; bends the first 
phalanx of the thumb on the first metacarpal bone, 
and the latter upon the trapezium. F. bre'vis pol'- 
licis pe'dis, situate at the anterior and inner part of 
the sole of the foot; is thin and narrow behind, 
thick and divided into two portions before; arises 
from the inferior part of the os calcis and the last two 
cuneiform bones, and is inserted at the inferior part FLEXOR 
of the base of the first phalanx of the great toe, and 
into the two sesamoid bones of the corresponding 
metatarso-phalangean articulation. It bends the first 
phalanx of the great toe on the first metacarpal bone. 
F. cap'itis, rectus capitis anticus major. F. cap'itis 
bre'vis, atloido-suboccipitalis. F. cap'itis par'vus, 
atloido-styloideus. F. car'pi exte'rior, F. carpi radi- 
alis; palmaris magnus. F. car'pi inte'rior, F. carpi ul- 
naris. F. car'pi radia'lis, palmaris magnus. F. car'pi 
radia'lis bre'vis, occasional supernumerary muscle 
passing from shaft of radius to its insertion on trape- 
zium and second metacarpal bone. F. car'pi radia'lis 
profun'dus, F. carpi radialis brevis. F. car'pi ulna'- 
ris, see Cubital (muscles). F. car'pi ulna'ris bre'vis, 
supernumerary flexor carpi muscle inserted on unci- 
form bone. F. commu'nis subcuta'neus, palmaris 
longus muscle. F. cru'ris, large flexor muscle, made 
up at origin of iliacus and psoas magnus muscles, and 
inserted on lesser trochanter of femur. F. cru'ris 
bi'ceps, exter'nus, or fibula'ris, biceps flexor cruris. 
F. cu'biti, biceps flexor cubiti. F. dig'iti min'imi 
pe'dis accesso'rius, accessory slip of flexor longus 
digitorum pedis to little toe. F. digi'ti par'vi min'- 
imi, abductor minimi digiti. F. dig'iti secun'di 
pe'dis, rare supernumerary muscle from posterior 
tibial region to second toe. F. digito'rum commu'- 
nis bre'vis, F. brevis digitorum pedis. F. digito'rum 
commu'nis lon'gus pe'dis, F. longus digitorum pedis. 
F. digito'rum fibula'ris, F. longus pollicis pedis. F. 
digito'rum ma'nus commu'nis profun'dus, F. pro- 
fundus perforans. F. digito'rum ma'nus per'forans, 
F. profundus perforans. F. digito'rum ma'nus per- 
fora'tus, F. sublimis perforatus. F. digito'rum ma'- 
nus subli'mis or superficia'lis, F. sublimis perforatus. 
F. digito'rum pe'dis lon'gus accesso'rius, see F. lon- 
gus digitorum pedis profundus perforans. F. digito'- 
rum per'forans, thick, flat, long muscle, seated be- 
neath the Flexor sublimis perforatus; its upper extrem- 
ity is simple, and arises from the anterior surface of 
the ulna and from the interosseous ligament; its in- 
ferior extremity terminates by four tendons, which, 
after having passed through slits in the sublimis, are 
inserted into the anterior surface of the last pha- 
langes of the four fingers. It bends the third pha- 
langes on the second, and in other respects has the 
same use as the flexor sublimis perforatus. F. digito'- 
rum per'forans pedis, F. longus digitorum pedis pro- 
fundus perforans. F. digito'rum perfora'tus pe'dis, 
F. brevis digitorum pedis perforatus. F. digito'rum 
profun'dus pe'dis, F. longus digitorum pedis profun- 
dus perforans. F. digito'rum subli'mis pe'dis, F. 
brevis digitorum pedis perforatus. F. digito'rum 
superficia'lis, F. sublimis perforatus. F. digito'rum 
tibia'lis, F. longus digitorum pedis profundus perfor- 
ans. F. fem'oris, ilio-psoas. F. fibula'ris, F. longus 
pollicis pedis. F. hallu'cis bre'vis, F. brevis pollicis 
pedis. F. hallu'cis lon'gus, F. longus pollicis pedis. 
F. lon'gus digito'rum pe'dis profun'dus per'forans, 
muscle situate at the posterior and deep-seated part 
of the legs; broader at middle than at extremities, 
the inferior of which is divided into four portions. 
It arises from the posterior surface of the tibia, and 
its tendons are attached to the posterior part of the 
lower surface of the three phalanges of the last four 
toes. It bends the three phalanges on each other, 
and the toes on the metatarsus, and extends the foot 
on the leg. The Accessorius flexoris longi digitorum pedis 
is a small muscle of the sole of the foot, passing ob- 
liquely from the os calcis to the outer edge of the flexor 
longus, whose force it augments and whose obliquity 
it corrects. F. lon'gus hallu'cis, F. longus pollicis 
pedis. F. lon'gus pol'licis, F. longus pollicis manus. 
F. lon'gus pol'licis ma'nus, situate at the anterior 
and profound part of the forearm ; it arises from the 
upper three-quarters of the anterior surface of the 
radius and interosseous ligament, and is inserted, by 
a tendon, into the anterior surface of the last phalanx 
of the thumb. It bends the second phalanx of the 
thumb on the first, the first on the corresponding 
metacarpal bone, and this upon the radius. It also 
bends the hand on the forearm. F, lon'gus pol'licis 
446 
FLEXURE 
pe'dis, situate at the posterior and profound part of 
the leg; it arises from the posterior surface of the 
fibula and the interosseous ligament, and is inserted, 
by a long tendon, into the inferior part of the first 
phalanx of the great toe. It bends the third phalanx 
on the first, and this upon the corresponding meta- 
tarsal bone, augments the concavity of the sole of the 
foot, and extends the foot on the leg. F. ma'nus 
me'dius, palmaris longus. F. ma'nus radia'lis, F. 
carpi radialis. F. ma'nus ulna'ris, F. carpi ulnaris. 
F. metatar'si, peroneus tertius; see Peroneal muscles. 
F. min'imi dig'iti par'vus, F. brevis minimi digiti 
pedis. F. os'sis metacar'pi min'imi dig'iti, opponens 
minimi digiti. F. os'sis metacar'pi pol'licis, oppo- 
nens pollicis. F. palma'ris, palmaris longus; see 
Palmar muscles. F. par'vus min'imi dig'iti arises 
from the anterior annular ligament of the carpus and 
the process of the os unciforme, and is inserted at the 
inner side of the superior extremity of the first 
phalanx of the little finger. It bends the first 
phalanx of the little finger. F. per'forans, F. pro- 
fundus perforans. F. per'forans pe'dis, F. longus 
digitorum pedis. F. perfora'tus, F. sublimis perfora- 
tus. F. perfora'tus pe'dis, F. brevis digitorum pedis. 
F. pol'licis pro'prius lon'gus, F. longus pollicis. F. 
pri'mi interno'dii, opponens pollicis. F. primi inter- 
nodii digito'rum manus, lumbricalis mantis. F. 
primi et secundi ossis pol'licis, F. brevis pollicis ma- 
rtus. F. profun'dus accesso'rius, supernumerary slip 
of flexor profundus digitorum. F. pro'prius dig'iti se- 
cun'di pe'dis, muscle from posterior portion of tibia 
to second toe. F. radia'lis, F. carpi radialis. F. 
ra'dii, biceps flexor cubiti. F. secun'di interno'dii 
digito'rum pe'dis, F. brevis digitorum pedis. F. s. 
i. pol'licis, F. brevis pollicis manus. F. subli'mis, 
F. brevis digitorum pedis. F. s. digito'rum, F. sub- 
limis perforates. F. s. perfora'tus, thick, flat mus- 
cle seated at the anterior part of the forearm; upper 
extremity arises from the internal condyle of the hu- 
merus, from the coronoid process of the ulna, and from 
the anterior edge of the radius. The lower extrem- 
ity divides into four tendons, which slide under the 
anterior annular ligament of the carpus and are in- 
serted into the second phalanges of the last four fin- 
gers, after having been slit to allow the tendons of the 
flexor profundus to pass through. It bends the second 
phalanges on the first, these on the carpal bones, and 
the hand on the forearm. F. sur'face, flexor face for 
origin of flexor muscles, as posterior portion of tibia 
or anterior portion of radius. F. ter'tii interno'dii, 
F. longus pollicis manus. F. t. 1. digito'rum ma'nfis, 
F. profundus perforans. F. t. i. pe'dis, F. longus 
digitorum pedis profundus perforans. F. t. i. pol'li- 
cis, F. longus pollicis manus. F. tibia'lis, F. longus 
digitorum pedis. 
Flexura, fleks-u'rah. Curvature. F. co'li dex'tra 
or hepat'ica, flexure, hepatic. F. c. ili'aca or infe'- 
rior, sigmoid flexure. F. c. liena'lis, flexure, splenic. 
F. c. pri'ma, flexure, hepatic. F. c. secun'da or si- 
nis'tra, flexure, splenic. F. duode'ni infe'rior, bend 
or flexure between descending and transverse duode- 
num. F. d. supe'rior, flexure between horizontal 
and descending duodenum. F. duode'no-jejuna'lis, 
bend at junction of duodenum and jejunum. F. ili'- 
aca, sigmoid flexure. F. os'sis, fracture, greenstick. 
F. sigmoi'dea, sigmoid flexure. 
Flexurse cephalicse, fleks-u're sef-al'e-se. Cranial 
flexures of embryo. F. transver'sse, transverse flex- 
ures or arches made by papillae of fingers. 
Flexure, fleks'ure. Bend or joint; curve. F., an- 
te'rior, of cor'pus callo'sum, genu of corpus callo- 
sum. F., ba'si-cra'nial, anterior flexure of embryo 
at base of brain. F., caud'al, anterior flexure of em- 
bryo at caudal part. F., cephal'ic or cra'nial, name 
given to several flexures of the cranial extremity of 
the embryo at an early stage of its existence. F., 
cer'vical, F., neck. F., encephal'ic, F., cephalic. 
F., liepat'ic, bend between ascending and transverse 
colon at inferior surface of the liver. F., neck, curve 
or angle formed between the spinal cord and medulla 
oblongata, F., sig'moid, sigmoid flexure. F.,splen'ic, FLIES 
bend between transverse and descending colon in 
vicinity of spleen. 
Flies, Span'ish. See Cantharis. 
Flix. Flux; dysentery. Linum usitatissimum. 
Flix'weed. Sisymbrium sopbia. 
Floating. Lying loosely attached. Hemorrhage. 
F. kid'ney, movable kidney, from looseness of sur- 
rounding tissues. F. ribs, two lower ribs, because 
less fixed or more freely movable than the others. 
Flocci, flok'se (pl. of Floccus, flock of wool). See 
Villous membranes. F. volitan'tes, see Metamorphop- 
si a. 
Floccilation (flok-sil-la'shun), Floccile'gium, or 
Floccitation, flok-sit-a'shun {floccus, flock of wool). 
Carphology. 
Flocco'rum (gen. pl. of Floccus) vena'tio {venor, to 
hunt). Carphology. 
Floccular, flok'u-lar. Flocculent; relating to floc- 
culus of cerebellum. F. fos'sa, depression on poste- 
rior surface of temporal bone for lodgment of floccu- 
lus of cerebellum. F. pro'cess, flocculus. 
Floc'culent. Containing small wool-like cloudy 
flakes. 
Floc'culi (pl. of Flocculus). See Villous membranes. 
Flocculus (flok'u-lus) (dim. of Floccus, flock of 
wool) accesso'rius secunda'rius or succenturia'tus. 
Accessory lobule of cerebellum near flocculus. F. 
cerebel'li, pneumogastric lobule; long and slender 
prominence extending from the side of the vallecula 
around the corpus restiforme to the crus cerebelli, 
lying behind the filaments of the pneumogastric 
nerves. 
Flock. Collection of flocculent matter. 
Flog'ging. Flagellation. 
Flooding. Metrorrhagia; excessive uterine hemor- 
rhage, as during childbirth. 
Flood's lig'ament. Gleno-humeral ligament. 
Floor, pel'vic. See Pelvic. 
Flo'ra med'ica. Botany of medicinal plants. 
Flor'entine iris. See Iris. 
Flo'res (pl. of Flos). Flowers. F. aca'ciae, flowers 
of acacia. F. a'eris, acetate of copper. F. antimo'- 
nii, flowers of antimony. F. ar'nicee, flowers of arnica. 
F. auran'tii, orange flowers. F. ben'zoes, benjamin, 
flowers of. F. bora'cis, boric acid. F. calcatrip'pse, 
larkspur flowers. F. car'thami, safflower. F. cary- 
ophyl'li, cloves. F. cas'sise, flowers of cassia. F. 
chamomil'lse, matricaria; German chamomile. F. 
chamomil'lee Roman'se, chamomile flowers; see 
Anthemis. F. ci'nae, santonica. F. consol'idse or C. 
rega'lis, larkspur flowers. F. cos'so or ko'so, see 
Hygienia Abyssinica. F. lavand'ulae, lavender flowers. 
F. ma'cidis, see Myristica moschata. F. ma'cis, mace. 
F. mal'vse vulga'ris, flowers of Malva sylvestris. F. 
martia'les, ferrum ammoniatum. F. na'phse, orange 
flowers. F. rhoe'ados, flowers of red poppy. F. ro'sse, 
rose flowers. F. sa'lis ammoni'aci, ammonii car- 
bonas. F. sa'lis ammoni'aci martia'les, ferrum 
ammoniatum. F. sambu'ci, flowers of sambucus. F. 
sul'phuris, flowers of sulphur or sublimed sulphur. 
F. sul'phuris lo'ti, washed sulphur. F. un'guium, 
small opaque white round spots on the nails. F. ver- 
bas'ci, flowers of mullein. F. zin'ci, zinc oxide. 
Flor'ida all'spice. Calycanthus Floridus. F. an'ise 
tree, Illicium Floridanum. F. ar'row root, arrow root 
from zamia. F. fe'ver, variety of fever occurring in 
Florida and some of the Southern U. States, and in 
the tropics, considered to be due to the continued high 
temperature. F. rhat'any, Krameria lanceolata. 
Flos. Flower; virginity. F. Jo'vis, crocus. F. 
lac'tis, cream. F. sa'lis, soda, subcarbonate of. F. 
sanguin'eus monar'di, Tropseolum majus. F. sul'- 
phuris, sublimed sulphur. F. trinita'tis, Viola tri- 
color. F. virginita'tis, hymen. 
Flos'culi. Small flowers. F. ci'nse, santonica. 
Flour. Farina. F., cold, see Pinoli. F. of meat, 
see Meat. F. of mustard, see Sinapis. F., pota'to, 
see Solanum tuberosum. F., wheaten, farina tritici. 
Flourensia thurifera, flor-ren'se-ah thu-rif'er-ah. 
Species of Chilian plants; root is expectorant. 
Flourens's doc'trine, Doctrine according to which 
447 
FLUORESCENCE 
the entire cerebrum takes part in every psychical 
process. 
Flow. Flux; discharge. F., men'strual, men- 
strual discharge. 
Flow'er, angle of. Angle formed by lines projected 
from nasion to top of frontal process of malar bone. 
Flower de luce. Iris Germanica. 
Flow'ers. Solid and volatile substances obtained 
by sublimation, as flowers of benjamin, flowers of 
sulphur, etc. Menses. F. of an'timony, antimonial 
oxide. F. of ben'zoin, benjamin, flowers of. F. of 
cam'phor, sublimed camphor. F., Collinson's, Col- 
linsonia Canadensis. F. of sul'phur, sublimed sul- 
phur. F., white, leucorrhcea. F. of zinc, oxide of 
zinc formed by burning zinc in the air. 
Fluctuatio, fluk-tu-ah'she-o (fluctuo, to undulate). 
Fluctuation. Looseness of exfoliated bone or carious 
tooth. F. au'rium, tinnitus aurium. 
Fluctuation, fluk-tu-a'shun. Undulation of a fluid 
in a natural or artificial cavity, felt by pressure or 
percussion-peripheric fluctuation. In ascites fluctu- 
ation is felt by one hand applied to one side of the 
abdomen, while the other side is struck with the other 
hand. In abscesses fluctuation is perceived by press- 
ing on the tumor, with one or two fingers alternately, 
on opposite points. F., periph'eric, see Fluctuation. 
F., pleu'ral, F., thoracic. F., rhon'chal, see Rhonchal. 
F. by succus'sion, see Succussion. F., thora'cic, un- 
dulation felt on palpating over the intercostal space. 
Fluellen or Fluel'lin. Antirhinum elatine; ve- 
ronica. 
Fluid {fluo, to flow). Body whose particles move 
easily on each other, but have not sufficient cohesion 
to remain united when subjected to pressure. The 
human body is largely composed of fluids, about 6.667 
parts in 10.000. F., amniotic, liquor aranii. F., 
a'queous, aqueous humor. F., Bur'nett's disinfect- 
ing, see Burnett. F., cephalorachid'ian, cephalospinal 
fluid. F., cephalospi'nal, see Cephalospinal. F., 
cerebrospi'nal, cephalospinal fluid. F., coel'ian, 
cerebrospinal fluid in central canal of medulla spinalis 
and ventricles. F., Con'dy's disinfecting, see Candy's 
disinfecting fluid. F. of Cotun'nius, perilymph. F., 
elec'tric, see Electricity. F., enteric, succus entericus. 
F. ex'tract, see Extract. F., exuda'tion, coagulable 
lymph. F., form'ative, cytoblastema. F., galvanic, 
see Electricity. F., intes'tinal, intestinal juice. F. 
of lab'yrinth, perilymph. F., lac'teal, milk; any 
fluid resembling milk. F., Ledoy'en's disinfecting, 
see Ledoyen. F., lymphatic, lymph. F., ner'vous, 
supposed fluid contents of nerves. F., nu''clear, achro- 
matin. F., nu'tritive, chyle, blood, lymph. F., peri- 
axial, fluid around axis-cylinder. F. of Scar'pa, 
vitreous fluid in membranous labyrinth of ear. F., 
seminal or spermatic, semen or sperm. F., sub- 
arach'noid, cerebrospinal fluid. F., subarachnoi'- 
dean, cephalospinal fluid. 
Fluidam'ber. Liquidamber. 
Fluldum cerebrospinale. Cephalospinal fluid. F. 
ner'veum, nervous fluid. 
Fluke. Distoma hepaticum. F., bron'chial, see 
Distoma Ringed. F. disease, rot of sheep. F. liv'er, 
distoma hepaticum. F. worm, distoma hepaticum. 
Flu'men dysenter'icum {flumen, stream). Dysen- 
tery. 
Flumina, flu'min-ah. Subarachnoid canals made 
by arachnoid membrane crossing fissures and fur- 
rows. 
Flu'or (fluo, rto flow). Flux; flow; fluorine. F. 
al'bus ante'rior, leucorrhcea. F. al'bus intestino'- 
rum, cceliac flux. F. al'bus malig'nus, gonorrhoea 
impura. F. al'bus poste'rior, discharge of mucus 
and pus from the rectum. F. metrica'lis, uterine 
leucorrhcea. F. mulie'bris, leucorrhcea. F. mulie'- 
bris gallicus, gonorrhcea in woman. F. mulie'bris 
non-gal'licus, leucorrhcea. F. san'guinis pulmo'- 
num, bronchorrhagia; haemoptysis. F. san'guinis 
vesi'cse, cystorrhagia. F. uteri'nus, uterine leucor- 
rhoea. 
Fluorescence, flu-or-es'sence. Property by which 
some media exert a peculiar influence in dispersing FLUORESCIN 
light of certain color and refrangibility, both of which 
qualities become altered. Dilute solution of quinine, 
for example, changes dark-blue and violet to sky- 
blue. F. of the eye, all the media of the eye possess 
slight fluorescence. 
Fluorescin, flu-or-es'in. C20H12O5. Dark-brown 
crystal, used for diagnosticating lesions of the cornea 
and detecting foreign bodies in it. 
Fluor'ic ac'id. Solution of hydrofluoric acid in 
water. 
Fluorine, flu'or-een. Non-metallic element, not 
isolated, but forming fluorides, and, with hydrogen, 
hydrofluoric acid. Its salts are corrosive poisons 
unless w'ell diluted. 
Flu'oroscope. Instrument by which quinine may 
be detected in urine by its fluorescence. 
Flush or Flush'ing. Temporary redness and heat 
produced by accumulation of blood in the capillaries 
of the face, as emotion, hectic fever, etc. To flush 
signifies also to become flushed; to wash out suddenly 
and forcibly. F. of the peritone'um, process of 
washing out the cavity of the peritoneum with warm 
water after operation of abdominal section. See 
Irrigation. 
Flushes. Condition accompanied by hot and cold 
sensations, existing sometimes after removal of both 
ovaries and tubes. 
Flux (fluo, to flow). Flow; excessive discharge of 
fluid; dysentery. F. of the bel'ly, diarrhoea. F., bil'- 
ious, discharge of bile either by vomiting or by stool, 
or by both, as in cholera; bilious diarrhoea. F., 
blood'y, dysentery. F., bron'chial, bronchorrhoea. 
F., catame'nial, menstrual flow. F., coe'liac, chronic 
dysentery, chylous diarrhoea, chylorrhoea. F., gas'- 
tric, gastrorrhcea. F., hemorrhoid'al, see Hsemor- 
rhois. F., hepat'ic, see Hepatirrhoea. F., men'strual, 
menses. F., mu'cous, mucous diarrhoea. F., pas'- 
sive, watery diarrhoea not connected with organic 
change. F., salivary, ptyalism. F., seba'ceous, se- 
borrhoea; stearrhoea. F., se'rous, see Ephidrosis. F. 
of sperm, spermatorrhoea. F. of u'rine, incontinence 
of urine. 
Fluxio, fluks'e-o (fluo, to flow). Fluxion. F. al'- 
ba, leucorrhoea. F. arthrit'ica, gout. F. luna'ris, 
menses. F. mat'ricis, leucorrhoea. F. vul'vse, leu- 
corrhcea. 
Fluxion, fluk'shun. Flow of blood or other humor 
toward an organ with greater force than natural; 
determination; congestion, as of the mouth, from in- 
flammation around the teeth. 
Flux'root. Asclepias decumbens; A. tuberosa. 
Flux'us. Discharge. F. al'bus, leucorrhoea. F. 
alvi'nus, diarrhoea. F. capillo'rum, alopecia. F. 
chylo'sus or coeli'acus, coeliac flux. F. coeli'acus 
per re'nes, chyluria. F. colliquati'vus, colliquative 
diarrhoea. F. cruen'tus or dysenterTens, dysentery. 
F. haemorrhoida'lis, hemorrhoidal flux. See Heemor- 
rhois. F. hepat'icus, see Hepatirrhoea and Hepateros. 
F. lienter'icus, lientery, lienteric diarrhoea. F. 
luna'ris, menses. F. mat'ricis, leucorrhoea. F. men- 
strua'lis, menstruation. F. men'struus, menses. F. 
mulie'bris, leucorrhoea. F. pil'orum, alopecia. F. 
sali'nus, saline flux; moist eczema; see Eczema. F. 
sali'vse, salivation; ptyalism. F. seba'ceus stear- 
rhoe'a, augmentation of secretion from the seba- 
ceous follicles of the skin. F. splen'icus, melaena. 
F. vene'reus, gonorrhoea. F. ventric'uli, gastror- 
rhoea. 
Flux'weed. Sisymbrium sophia; Galium pilosum. 
Fly ag'aric. Agaricus muscarius, from which an al- 
kaloid, muscarine, is obtained; used in phthisis for 
night-sweats, in epilepsy, cutaneous affections, etc. 
F. fun'gus, F. agaric. F. golding, Coccinella septem- 
punctata. F. poi'son, Amiauthium muscaetoxicum. 
F. sick'ness, Australian disease characterized by 
nausea and vomiting. F., Span ish, cantharides. F. 
trap, Apocynum androsaemifolium, Sarracenia pur- 
purea. 
Foal'foot. Colt's-foot. See Tussilago. 
Fo'cal. Relating to a focus. F. disease, disease of 
nervous system centrally localized, F, dis'tance, dis- 
448 
J FCETAL 
tance from principal point to principal focus. F. hem'- 
orrhage, hemorrhage that is localized, and not general 
or diffused. F. length, focal distance. F. myeli'tis, 
minutely localized inflammation of spinal cord. F. 
planes, planes passing through foci perpendicular to 
principal axis. F. sclero'sis, chronic indurated 
sclerosis, not diffused or disseminated. 
Focile, fos'il-e. Name formerly given to the bones 
of the leg, as well as those of the forearm. F. infe'- 
rius or ma'jus, ulna. F. ma'jus, tibia. F. mi'nus, 
fibula. F. mi'nus or supe'rius, radius. 
Fo'cus. Point of meeting of rays of heat or of light 
when reflected or refracted; centre of greater force of 
morbid process. Conjugate foci are so situate that a 
ray of light from one focus will be reflected to the 
other. Parallel rays, after being reflected or refracted, 
meet at the principal focus. F. apoplec'ticus, cavity 
remaining in encephalon after effusion of blood and 
its subsequent absorption. 
Foecundatio, fe-kun-dah'she-o. Fecundation. 
Foecunditas, fe-kun'dit-as. Fecundity. 
Foecundus, fe-kun'dus. Fecund. 
Feemen, fe'men. Thigh; vulva; perineum. 
Fcemina, fe'min-ah. Female; woman. 
Feeminescentia, fe-min-es-sen'she-ah. Femines- 
cence. 
Foenic'uli fruc'tus. Fennel fruit. 
Foeniculum, fe-nik'u-lum (dim. of Feenum, hay). 
Anethum. F. aquat'icum, Phellandrium aquaticum. 
F. capilla'ceum, F. vulgare. F. dul'ce, sweet fennel, 
variety of F. vulgare. F. errat'icum, Peucedanum 
silaus. F. mari'num, Crithmum maritimum. F. 
offlclna'le, anethum. F. porci'num, peucedanum. 
F. vulga're, anethum. 
Fcen'ugreek. Trigonella foenum. 
Foe'num camelo'rum (hay of camels). Juncus 
odoratus; Andropogon Schoenanthus. F. Grse'cum, 
Trigonella feenum. 
Fcetabulum, fe-tab'u-lum (feeteo, to smell badly). 
Encysted abscess. 
Foetal, fe'tal. Eelating to the foetus or to parts con- 
nected with it. F. car'tilage, temporary cartilage. 
F. circula'tion differs from that of the adult in sev- 
eral respects. Commencing with the placenta, where 
it probably undergoes a change analogous to what 
occurs in the lungs in extra-uterine existence, the 
blood proceeds by the umbilical vein as far as the 
liver, where a part of it is poured into the vena porta, 
the other part proceeding into the vena cava inferior; 
the latter, having received the suprahepatic veins, 
pours its blood into the right auricle. From the right 
auricle a part of the blood is sent into the right ven- 
tricle ; the rest passes directly through into the left 
auricle by the foramen ovale. When the right ven- 
tricle contracts the blood is sent into the pulmonary 
artery, but as the function of respiration is not going 
on, little blood passes to the lungs; the rest goes 
through the ductus arteriosus into the aorta. The 
blood received by the left auricle from the lungs, as 
well as that which passed through the foramen ovale, is 
transmitted into the left ventricle, by the contraction 
of which it is sent into the aorta, and by the umbilical 
arteries, which arise from the hypogastric, it is re- 
turned to the placenta. F. cotyle'dons, villous tufts 
of placenta. F. en'velopes, envelopes surrounding the 
foetus, as decidua reflexa, chorion, and amnion. F. 
expres'sion, application of force over the womb to 
expedite extrusion of the foetus. F. head. The follow- 
ing round measurements of the foetal head for obstet- 
rical purposes have been given by Tarnier and 
Chantreuil: 
Maximum diameter5.31 in., or 13.5 cm. 
Occipito-mental " 5.11 " 13 " 
Occipito-frontal " 4.72 " 12 " 
Suboccipito-bregmatic diameter . . 3.75 " 9.5 " 
Biparietal diameter3.75 " 9.5 " 
Bimastoid " 2.75 " 7.5 " 
Fronto-mental diameter3.15 " 8 " 
Bitemporal diameter3.15 " 8 " 
Trachelo-bregmatic diameter .... 3.75 " 9.5 " 
Great circumference14.57 " 37 " 
Small " 12,80 " 32,5 " FCETATION 
F. Inclusion, fcetus included in a foetus. F. mem'- 
toranes, membranes covering the fcetus, as allantois, 
amnion, chorion. F. mur'mur, sound heard in listen- 
ing over the abdomen of a pregnant woman. F. nu- 
trition, supply of nutritive material to fcetus in 
utero. F. preg'nancy, F. inclusion. F. shock, move- 
ment of the fcetus recognized in ausculting a pregnant 
abdomen. 
Fceta'tion. Pregnancy; gestation. 
Foeticide, feet'i-side (foetus, credo, to kill). Destruc- 
tion of life of fcetus; criminal abortion. One who 
commits this crime. 
Foetid, fe'tid. Fetid. 
Fcetor, fe'tor (bad smell). Offensive odor. F. ala'- 
rum, disagreeable odor from the axillae. F. ozris, 
offensive breath. 
Foetus, fe'tus. Unborn young of any creature. 
Anatomists generally apply to the germ the name 
embryo, which it retains until the third month of 
gestation, and with some until the period of quicken- 
ing, while foetus is applied to it in its latter stages. 
The terms are often used indiscriminately. When 
the ovule has been fecundated in the ovarium it pro- 
ceeds slowly toward and enters the uterus, with 
which it becomes ultimately connected by means of 
the placenta. Generally, there is one fcetus in utero; 
sometimes there are two; rarely three. 
The following chronological table by Beaunis and 
Bouchard exhibits the progress of development of the 
fcetus (Gray): 
First Week.-During this period the ovum is in the 
Fallopian tube. Having been fertilized in its upper 
part, it slowly passes down, undergoing segmentation, 
and reaches the uterus probably about the end of the 
first week. During this time it does not undergo 
much increase in size. 
Second Week.-The ovum rapidly increases in size, 
and becomes imbedded in the decidua, so that it is 
completely enclosed in the decidua reflexa by the end 
of this period. An ovum believed to be of the thir- 
teenth day after conception is described by Eeichert. 
There was no appearance of any embryonic structure. 
The equatorial margins of the ovum were beset with 
villi, but the surface in contact with the uterine wall 
and the one opposite to it were bare. In another 
ovum, described by His, believed to be of about the 
fourteenth day, there was a distinct indication of an 
embryo. There was a medullary groove bounded by 
folds; in front of this a slightly prominent ridge, 
the rudimentary heart. The amnion was formed, 
and the embryo was attached by a stalk, the allantois, 
to the inner surface of the chorion. It may be said, 
therefore, that these parts, the amnion and the allan- 
tois, and the first rudiments of the embryo, the medul- 
lary groove and the heart, are formed at the end of 
the second week. 
Third Week.-By the end of the third week the 
flexures of the embryo have taken place, so that it is 
strongly curved. The protovertebral disks, which 
begin to be formed early in the third week, present 
their full complement. In the nervous system the 
primary divisions of the brain are visible, and the 
primitive ocular and auditory vesicles are already 
formed. The primary circulation is established. The 
alimentary canal presents a straight tube communi- 
cating with the yolk-sac. The pharyngeal arches are 
formed. The limbs have appeared as short buds. The 
Wolffian bodies are visible. 
Fourth Week.-The umbilical vesicle has attained 
its full development. Projection of the caudal ex- 
tremity. Projection of the upper and lower limbs. 
Cloacal aperture. The heart separates into a right 
and left heart. Spinal ganglia and anterior roots. 
Olfactory fossae. Lungs. Pancreas. 
Fifth Week.-Vascularity of the allantois in its whole 
extent. First trace of hands and feet. The primitive 
aorta divides into primitive aorta and pulmonary ar- 
tery. Conduit of Muller and genital gland. Ossifi- 
cation of clavicle and lower jaw. Cartilage of 
Meckel. 
Sixth Week.-The activity of the umbilical vesicle 
449 
FCETUS 
ceases. The pharyngeal clefts disappear. The ver- 
tebral column, primitive cranium, and ribs assume 
the cartilaginous condition. Posterior roots of the 
nerves. Membranes of the nervous centres. Bladder. 
Kidneys. Tongue. Larynx. Thyroid gland. Germs 
of teeth. Genital tubercle and folds. 
Seventh Week.-The muscles begin to be perceptible. 
Points of ossification of the ribs, scapula, shafts of 
humerus, femur, tibia, intermaxillary bone, palate, 
upper jaw (its four points). 
Eighth Week.-Distinction of arm and forearm and 
of thigh and leg. Appearance of the interdigital 
clefts. Capsule of the lens and pupillary membrane. 
Completion of the interventricular and commence- 
ment of the interauricular septum. Salivary glands. 
Spleen. Suprarenal capsules. The larynx begins to 
become cartilaginous. All the vertebral bodies are 
cartilaginous. Points of ossification for the ulna, 
radius, fibula, and ilium. The two halves of the 
bony palate unite. Sympathetic nerve. 
Ninth Week.-Corpus striatum. Pericardium. Dis- 
tinction between ovary and testicle. Formation of 
the genital furrow. Osseous nuclei of vertebral 
bodies and arches, frontal, vomer, malar bone, shafts 
of metacarpal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. 
The union of the hard palate is completed. Gall- 
bladder. 
Third Month.-Formation of the foetal placenta. 
The projection of the caudal extremity disappears. 
It is possible to distinguish the male and female or- 
gans at the commencement of the third month. The 
cloaca! aperture divided into two parts. The cartilag- 
inous arches on the dorsal region of the spine close. 
Points of ossification for the occipital, sphenoid, os 
unguis, nasal bones, squamous portion of temporal 
and ischium. Orbital centre of superior maxillary 
bone. Commencement of formation of maxillary 
sinus. Pons Varolii. Fissure of Sylvius. Formation 
of eyelids and of hair and nails. Mammary gland. 
Epiglottis. Union of the testicle with the canals of 
the Wolffian body. Prostate. 
Fourth Month.-The closure of the cartilaginous 
arches of the spine is complete. Osseous points for 
the first sacral vertebrae and pubes. Ossification of 
the malleus and incus. Corpus callosum. Membran- 
ous lamina spiralis; cartilage of the Eustachian tube. 
Tympanic ring. Fat in subcutaneous cellular tissue. 
Tonsils. Closure of genital furrow and formation of 
scrotum and prepuce. 
Fifth Month.-The two layers of decidua begin to 
coalesce. Osseous nuclei of axis and odontoid process 
Lateral points of first sacral vertebra; median points 
of second. Osseous points of lateral masses of eth- 
moid. Ossification of stapes and petrous bone. Ossifi- 
cation of germs of teeth. Appearance of germs of 
permanent teeth. Organ of Corti. Eruption of hair 
on head. Sudoriferous glands. Glands of Brunner. 
Follicles of tonsils and base of tongue. Lymphatic 
glands. Commencement of limitation of uterus and 
vagina. 
Sixth Month.-Points of ossification for the anterior 
root of the transverse process of the several cervical 
vertebra. Lateral points of second sacral vertebra; 
median points of third. The sacro-vertebral angle 
forms. Osseous points of the manubrium sterni and 
of the os calcis. The cerebral hemisphere covers the 
cerebellum. Papillae of the skin. Sebaceous glands. 
The free border of the nail projects from the corium 
of the dermis. Peyer's patches. The walls of the 
uterus thicken. 
Seventh Month.-Additional points of first sacral 
vertebra; lateral points of third; median point of 
fourth. First osseous point of body of sternum. 
Osseous point for astragalus. Disappearance of 
Meckel's cartilage. Cerebral convolutions. Insula 
of Beil. Separation of tubercula quadrigemina. Dis- 
appearance of pupillary membrane. The testicle 
passes into the vaginal process of the peritoneum. 
Eighth Month.-Additional points for the second 
sacral vertebra; lateral points for the fourth; median 
points for the fifth. FCETUS 
Ninth Month.-Additional points for the third sacral 
vertebra; lateral points for the fifth. Osseous point 
for the middle turbinated bone; for the body and 
great cornu of the hyoid; for the second and third 
pieces of the body of the sternum; for the lower end 
of the femur. Ossification of the bony lamina spiralis 
and axis of the cochlea. Opening of the eyelids. The 
testicles are in the scrotum. 
Foe'tus, abdom'inal. F., ventral. F., acephal'ic, 
fcetal monstrosity devoid of a head. F., alliga'tor, 
one affected with general keratosis. F., anenceph- 
alzic, foetus in which the brain is not developed. 
F., circulation in the, foetal circulation. F., com- 
pressed, mummified foetus flattened by pressure of 
second foetus or pressed into parchment-like mass 
against the walls of the uterus. F., exencephaVic, 
foetus in which there is protrusion of the brain. F. 
in foetu, inclu'ded, or inclu'sus, monstrosity in 
which one foetus is found contained in another; 
cryptodidymus. F., har'lequin, F., alligator. F., 
mum/mified, F., compressed, F. papyraceus. F. ovaz- 
ricus, ova'rius, or ova'rian, foetus produced during 
ovarian pregnancy. F. papyra'ceous, mummified 
foetus, F., compressed. F., pseudencephal'ic, see 
Pseudencephalus. F., retained, retention of foetus in 
abdominal cavity in tubal pregnancy. F. sanguino- 
len'tus, dead foetus with effusions of blood exter- 
nally and internally. F., secondary, F., compressed. 
F. septimes'tris, seven months' foetus. F. syreni- 
for'mis {syren, mermaid, forma), one with lower ex- 
tremities conjoined. F., tu'bal or tuba'rius, F. pro- 
duced during Fallopian or tubal pregnancy. F., venz- 
tral, foetus produced during abdominal pregnancy. 
F., vi'able or vita'lis, foetus that is viable or capable 
of independent life. F. zephyr'ius, mole. 
Fold or Folds. Duplication of mucous or serous 
membranes between various structures, as aryteno- 
epiglottidean, recto-uterine, recto-vesical, and vesico- 
uterine folds. F. of Doug'las, recto-uterine folds. F., 
gen'ital, see Genital. F., glos'so-epiglot'tic or epi- 
glottide'an, folds of mucous membrane of tongue pass- 
ing from its base to the epiglottis. F., hippocam'pal, 
gyrus, hippocampal. F., hypoblas'tic, duplication in 
the hypoblast, finally giving rise to the notochord. F., 
intes'tinal, of blas'toderm, splanchnopleure. F., oc- 
cip'ital, superior occipital convolution. F., posthip- 
pocam'pal, subcalcarine gyrus. F., postmar'ginal, 
precuneus. F., postoccip'ital, inferior occipital con- 
volution. F., rec'to-u'terine, utero-sacral ligament; 
folds of Douglas. Duplications of peritoneum pass- 
ing from cervix uteri to vicinity of second sacral ver- 
tebra and enclosing the rectum. F., rec'to-vagi'nal, 
Douglas's pouch. F., rec'to-ves'ical, duplication of 
peritoneum passing from rectum to bladder. F. of 
rec'tum, semilunar folds in upper part of the rectum. 
F., ves'ico-u'terine, fibres from muscular coat of 
the uterus passing to the bladder. 
Fo'lia. Leaves. F. aconi/ti, aconite leaves. F. 
althae'se, marshmallow leaves. F. apalachi'nes, see 
Ilex Paraguensis. F. baros'mse, buchu. F. bella- 
don'nse, belladonna leaves. F. bu/chu, buchu leaves. 
F. casta'neae, leaves of Castanea vesica. F. cere- 
bel'li, convolutions of cerebellum. F. cicu'tae, co- 
nium leaves. F. co'cse, Erythroxylon coca leaves. 
F. coni'i, conium leaves. F. digita'lis, digitalis 
leaves. F. dios'mse, buchu leaves. F. eucalyp'ti, 
eucalyptus leaves. F. hyoscy'ami, hyoscyamus 
leaves. F. jaboran'di, leaves of jaborandi. F. jug- 
lan'dis re'gia, leaves of English walnut. F. lau'ri, 
laurel leaves. F. laurocer'asi, cherry-laurel leaves. 
F. mati'co, matico leaves. F. melis'sse, leaves of 
balm. F. men'thse piperi'tse, peppermint leaves. 
F. nicotia'nae, tobacco leaves. F. orienta'lla, senna 
leaves. F. rosmari'ni, rosemary leaves. F. sabi'nse, 
leaves of savin. F. sal'viae, salvia. F. sen'nse, senna 
leaves; leaves of Cassia Marilandica. F. stramo'nii, 
stramonium leaves. F. supraluna're, anterior crescen- 
tic lobe of cerebellum. F. u'vae ur'si, uva ursi leaves. 
Folia'ceous {folium, leaf). Eesembling a leaf. 
Foliaceum ornamentum, fo-le-as'e-um orn-am-en'- 
tum {folium, leaf). See Tuba Fallopiana. 
450 
FOLLICULITIS 
Foliate (fo'le-ate) (leaf-like) papil'laa. Fungiform 
papillae at tip of tongue. 
Foliated, fo'le-a-ted. Composed of leaves; having 
a leaf-like appearance or shape. 
Fo'lioles. Small leaves. F. of cerebel'lum, cer- 
ebellar convolutions. F. of di'aphragm, divisions of 
central tendon of diaphragm. 
Fo'lium. Leaf; anterior fontanelle; lamina of cer- 
ebellum. F. cacu'minis (cacumen, top), lobule at back 
part of upper surface of vermiform process of cerebel- 
lum. F. centra'le, central lobe of cerebellum. 
Fol'licle or Fol'licles (dim. of Follis, bag). Small se- 
creting baglike cavity, crypt, or gland, formed by de- 
pression of skin or mucous membranes. Follicular se- 
cretions keep parts on which they are poured supple 
and moist, and preserve them from the action of irri- 
tating bodies with which they have to come in con- 
tact. See Crypta. F., aggregate, aggregated glands. 
F., ag'minate or ag'minated, agminated glands. 
F., ciliary, Meibomian glands. F., closed, solitary 
and agminated glands of the intestines. F. of De 
Graaf, folliculi Graafiani. F., denial, sac of tooth 
in process of development. F., Graafian, folliculi 
Graafiani. F., hair, see Hair. F. of intes'tines, see 
Intestine. F. of Lie'berkiihn, see Intestine. F. of 
LittrS, glands of Littre. F., lymphatic, lymphatic 
glands. F., Malpig'hian, Malpighian corpuscles. F., 
Nabothian, vesicles in mucous membrane in canal 
of cervix uteri from obstructed follicles. F., nail, 
see Nail. F., ova'rian, folliculi Graafiani. F., pal'- 
pebral, Meibomius, glands of. F. of Pey'er, Peyeri 
glandulae. F., seba'ceous, sebaceous glands. F., 
solitary, solitary glands, Brunner's glands. F., 
splenic, Malpighian corpuscles. F., sudorip'arous, 
sudoriparous glands. F., syno'vlal, bursae mucosae. 
F. of tooth, see Groove, dental. 
Follic'ular, Follic'ulous, or Follic'ulose. Relating 
or appertaining to follicles; as follicular inflamma- 
tion, inflammation affecting crypts or follicles, fol- 
liculitis. F. bod'y, gland of Bartholin. F. coli'tis, 
inflammation of the lymph-follicles of the ileum and 
colon, existing in children who are fecf artificially. 
F. degeneration of the cer'vix, see Cystic degenera- 
tion. F. elevations, tubercles, pearly. F. enteritis, 
inflammation of lining membrane of the intestines, 
and particularly of solitary glands. F. ophthal'mia, 
see Ophthalmia. 
Folliculi, fol-lik'u-le (pl. of Folliculus). Follicles. 
F. a'eris, air-cells. F. aggregati, aggregated glands. 
F. agminati, agminated glands. F. cilia'res, Mei- 
bomian ducts or follicles. F. Graafia'ni, follicles or 
vesicles of De Graaf; Graafian or ovarian vesicles. 
Small spherical vesicles in the stroma of the ovary, 
having at least two coats, the outer termed ovicapsule 
and tunic of the ovisac, the latter ovisac and membrana 
propria ; see Membrana granulosa. They exist in the 
foetus. The ovum or ovule is contained in and formed 
by them. The follicles themselves are ovisacs. The in- 
terior of the follicles contains a clear, light-yellowish 
fluid (liquor folliculi), of the density of the serum of 
the blood, in which are almost always isolated gran- 
ules, nuclei, and cells, which appear to be detached 
portions of the membrana granulosa. F. ova'rii, fol- 
liculi Graafiani. F. pilo'rum, hair-follicles. F. ro- 
tun'di et oblon'gi cervl'cis u'teri, Nabothi glandulse. 
F. san'guinis, globules of blood. F. seba'cei, seba- 
ceous glands. F. seba'cei coro'nae glan'dls, see Se- 
baceous glands. F. solita'rii or spora'des, solitary 
glands of the intestines; Peyer's glands, which belong 
to this class. 
Folliculitis, fol-lik-u-le'tis. Follicular inflamma- 
tion. F. absce'dens infan'tum, furuncle in children, 
with successive development of boils. F. bar'bse, 
F. of the beard; sycosis. F. blennorrhag'ica, gonor- 
rhoea complicated with involvement of the follicles 
of Morgagni. F. decal'vans or epilato'ria, inflam- 
mation of the hair-follicles, with loss of hairs and 
atrophied condition of the skin. F. seba'cea, acne. 
F., ure'thral, inflammation of follicles of Morgagni. 
F., vul'var, inflammation of sebaceous follicles of 
the vulva, FOLLICULOSE 
Follic'ulose. Of a follicular character. F. gland, 
follicle. 
Folliculosis, fol-lik-u-lo'sis. Disease of the fol- 
licles. 
Folliculus, fol-lik'u-lus. Follicle; vulva. F. a'eris, 
air-chamber; space at the larger end of the bird's 
egg, formed by the separation of two layers of the 
shell membrane, and inservient to the respiration of 
the young being. F. den'tis, dental follicle. F. fel'- 
lis or fel'leus, gall-bladder. F. genita'lis, scrotum. 
F. Graaf'ii, folliculi Graafiani. F. muco'sus, see 
Follicle. F. ova'rius, Graafian follicle. F. pi'll, see 
Hair. 
Foment' (foveo, to keep warm). To apply a fomen- 
tation to a part. 
Fomentation, fo-men-ta'shun. Sort of partial bath- 
ing by the application of cloths previously dipped in 
hot water or some medicated decoction, acting chiefly 
by virtue of the warmth and moisture, except in the 
case of narcotic fomentations, where some additional 
effect is obtained. A dry fomentation is a warm, dry 
application, as a hot brick wrapped in flannel, a bag 
half filled with chamomile flowers made hot, etc. 
Fomen'tum. Fomentation. F. sic'cum, fomenta- 
tion, dry. 
Fomes morbi, fo'mees mor'be (fomes, fuel). Focus, 
centre, or seat of disease. F. ventric'uli, hypochon- 
driasis, spleen. 
Fomites, fom'it-ees (pl. of Fomes, fuel). Substances 
supposed to retain contagious effluvia-as woollen 
goods, feathers, cotton, etc.-and thus to act as dis- 
ease-producers. 
Fons (a fount) Fontanelle. F. lacryma'rum, see 
Canthus. F. medica'tus, mineral water. F. pul'- 
sans or pulsat'ilis, anterior fontanelle. F. saluta'- 
ris, mineral water. F. sote'rius, mineral water. F. 
vita'lis, respiratory centre; see Centrum vitale. 
Fontainea pancheri, fon-ta'ne-ah pan-che're. Tree 
of New Caledonia; oil of the seeds is used externally 
as an epispastic, and internally as a drastic. 
Fonta'na, canal' of (after Dr. Felix Fontana, 
Italian physiologist of 18th century). Triangular 
canal at the inner side of the ciliary circle; partly 
formed by the groove at the inner edge of the cornea 
and sclerotica. F.'s mark'ings, minute transverse 
markings or lines on nerves that have been divided. 
F., spaces of, spaces between prolongations of liga- 
mentum pectinatum or suspensory ligament of the 
iris. 
Fontanel or Fontanel'la. Fontanelle. 
Fontanelle, font-an-el' (dim. of Fons, fountain). 
Opening of the head. Name given to a space occupied 
by a cartilaginous membrane in the foetus and new- 
born child, situate at the union of the angles of the 
bones of the cranium. There are six fontanelles: 
great or sincipital or anterior, situate at the junction 
of the sagittal and coronal sutures; small or bregmatic, 
occipital or posterior, situate at the part where the 
posterior and superior angles of the parietal bones 
unite with the upper part of the os occipitis; two 
sphenoidal, in the temporal fossae; two mastoid or of 
Casserius, at the union of the parietal, occipital, and 
temporal bones. F., ante'rior, see Fontanelle. F., 
ante'rior lat'eral, sphenoidal fontanelle. F., ante'- 
rior me'dian, anterior fontanelle. F., bregmat'ic, 
see Fontanelle. F. of Casser, F., mastoid. F., fronto- 
pari'etal, F., anterior. F., lat'eral, F., mastoid; F., 
sphenoidal. F., mas'toid, see Fontanelle. F., me'- 
dian, anterior and posterior fontanelles. F., na'so- 
fron'tal, occasional f. at junction of nasal and frontal 
bones. F., occip'ital, see Fontanelle. F., occip'ito- 
pari'etal, F., posterior; see Fontanelle. F., poste'- 
rior, see Fontanelle. F., pos'tero-lat'eral, F., mas- 
toid. F., pul'satile, F., anterior. F., sagit'tal, un- 
usual f. in sagittal sutures. F., sincip'ital, F., 
anterior. F., sphenoid'al, F. at place of meeting of 
frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones. 
Fontes (fon-tees) (pl. of Fons) sulphu'rei cal'idi. 
Waters, mineral, sulphureous. 
Fonticulus, fon-tik'u-lus (dim. of Fons, fountain). 
Exutory, issue; small ulcer produced by art, either 
451 
FORAMEN 
by caustics or cutting instruments, the discharge 
from which is kept up with a view to fulfil certain 
therapeutical indications. The pea issue is kept up 
by means of a pea placed in it; sometimes formed of 
wax; at others, the young blasted fruit of the orange 
is employed. The common dried garden pea answers 
the purpose ; the seton is also an issue. Fontanelle. 
F. ante'rior or fronta'lis, anterior fontanelle. F. 
Casse'rii, mastoid fontanelle. F. fronta'lis, anterior 
fontanelle. F. gut'turis, depression on upper surface 
of sternum. F. latera'lis ante'rior, fontanelle, sphe- 
noidal. F. latera'lis Casse'rii or poste'rior, F., mas- 
toid. F. latera'lis poste'rior, fontanelle, mastoid. F. 
ma'jor, fontanelle, anterior. F. major quadrangula'- 
ris or supe'rior ante'rior, F., anterior. F. mas- 
toi'deus, fontanelle, mastoid. F. mi'nor, fontanelle, 
posterior. F. mi'nor, occipita'lis, poste'rior, supe'- 
rior poste'rior, or triangula'ris, F., posterior. F. 
occipita'lis, fontanelle, posterior. F. quadrangula'- 
ris, fontanelle, anterior. F. sphenoida'lis, fontanelle, 
sphenoidal. F., supe'rior ante'rior, fontanelle, ante- 
rior. F., supe'rior poste'rior, fontanelle, posterior. 
F. triangula'ris, fontanelle, posterior. 
Food. See Aliment. (Under this head will be 
found a classification of foods according to their 
chemical constitution. The subject of Dietetics and 
the arrangement of Dietaries for civil life in hospi- 
tals, for the military and naval services and hospi- 
tals, and for adaptation to various ages and various 
diseases, will be found in works on Food and Diet- 
etics.) F., chem'ical, see Ferri phosphas. F., fari- 
na'ceous, see Farinaceous. F. of the gods, asafcetida. 
F., res'piratory, according to Liebig's teaching the 
fats and carbohydrates, which he thought alone par- 
took in the evolution of heat. F. yolk, substance in 
cells of the ovum for after-nutrition of the embryo. 
Foods, isodynam'ic. Foods that produce an equal 
amount of heat. F., plas'tic, according to Liebig's 
teaching the nitrogenous metabolism of the body de- 
pends on the function of the proteids to make tissue; 
therefore they have received the name plastic foods. 
Fool's parsley. 2Ethusa cynapium. F.'s stones, 
male, Orchis mascula. 
Foot. Pes. F. bath, bath for the feet; pedilu- 
vium. F. clo'nus, spasmodic contraction of ankle- 
joint upon extension of knee and rapidly executed 
pressure against front of sole of foot; see Reflex, foot. 
F., flat, see Kyllosis. F., fun'gous, of In'dia, myce- 
toma; Madura foot. F., pe'duncle of, crus cerebri. 
F. phenom'enon, F. clonus. F. presentation, foot- 
ling case. F. re'flex, see F. Clonus and Reflex. F. rot, 
paronychia of sheep. F., splay, talipes valgus. F., 
tabet'ic, hypertrophy of bones of foot in tabes. 
Foot-and-mouth disease. Eczema epizobtica. See 
Murrain. 
Foot'ling case or presentation. Presentation of 
the foot or feet in parturition. 
Foramen, for-am'en (foro, to pierce). Cavity, 
pierced through and through; orifice of a canal. See 
Lumen. F. acus'ticum, meatus auditorius internus. 
F. alveolate ante'rius, see Palatine canals. F. a. in- 
fe'rius, inferior dental foramen. F. a. poste'rius, 
see Palatine canals. F. am'plum pel'vis, obturatorium 
foramen. F. anon'ymum Ferrei'ni, opening into 
aquseductus Fallopii. F. aorticum, aortic opening 
of diaphragm. F. aquseductus Fallo'pii, stylomas- 
toid foramen. F. atlanta'le, foramen in the atlas 
formed by partial conversion of a groove on the upper 
surface into a foramen. F. audito'rium exter'num, 
see Auditory canal, external. F. a. inter'num, see 
Auditory canal, internal. F. of Bichat, see Canal, arach- 
noid. F. of Botal, foetal opening between auricles of 
heart. F. of Buz'zi, depression near centre of yellow 
spot of the eye in line of vision. F. cse'cum ante'- 
rius, deep depression at base of the brain in front of 
the pons. F. c. of frontal bone, small cavity at in- 
ferior extremity of internal coronal crest. F. c. of 
medul'la oblongata, tolerably deep fossa at the point 
where the median furrow at the anterior surface of 
the medulla oblongata meets the pons. F. c. Mor- 
ga'gni, F. caecum of tongue. F. c. os'sis maxilla'ris FORAMEN 
superio'ris, see Palatine canals. F. c. of phar'ynx, 
slight pit seen occasionally taking the place of the 
pharyngeal bursa. F. c. poste'rius, F. caecum of 
medulla oblongata. F. c. ret'inae, F. of Buzzi. F. c. 
retro-ana'le, slight pit seen occasionally in the new- 
born behind the anus. F. c. of tongue, small cavity 
in middle of upper surface of the tongue near its 
base. Opening of duct of thyroid gland continued 
from fcetal life. F. c. of Vicq d'Azyr, F. caecum of 
medulla oblongata. F. carot'ico-clinoi'deum, fora- 
men formed occasionally by conversion of the carotid 
groove, a speculum of bone bridging it over. F. 
carot'icum exter'num, carotid foramen. F. c. in- 
ter'num, internal opening of carotid canal. F., ca- 
rot'id, see Carotica foramina and Foramen caroticum. 
F. centra'le, central foramen, surrounded by limbus 
luteus and yellow spot of retina, discovered by Som- 
mering, situate about two lines to the outside of the 
optic nerve, and in direction of the axis of the eye; 
not strictly a foramen. F. c. coch'lese, the opening in 
depression at the bottom of internal auditory meatus. 
F. c. ret'inse, F. centrale. F. clinoi'deo-carot'icum, 
F. carotico-clinoideum. F. commu'ne ante'rius, 
passage between third and lateral ventricle. Vulva. 
F. c. poste'rius, anus. F. cor'neae, opening made by 
anterior border of sclerotic on removal of cornea. 
F. cos'to-transversa'rium, opening between the rib 
and articulating transverse process of vertebra. F., 
den'tal, foramen on internal surface of ramus of 
lower jaw for passage of inferior dental nerve and 
vessels. F. dex'trum diaphragma'tis, opening for 
ascending vena cava in central tendon of diaphragm. 
F. epiplo'icum, F. of Winslow. F. ethmoi'deum, 
orbitar foramen, internal. F. of Ferrein', hiatus Fal- 
lopii. F. fronta'le, frontal notch on supraorbital ridge 
converted into foramen. F. of Ga'len, foramen of 
Botal. F. incisi'vum, see Palatine canal. F. infra- 
orbita'rium, see Suborbitar canal. F. infrapubia'num, 
obturator foramen. F. infrapyrifor'me, opening in 
the great sciatic notch below the pyriformis muscle. 
F. interclinoi'deum commu'ne, opening or canal 
formed by the osseous union of the anterior and pos- 
terior clinoid processes. F., interver'tebral, see 
Vertebrse. F. irregula're, jugular foramen? F. 
ischiad'icum, foramen formed by sacro-sciatic lig- 
ament passing over ischiatic notch. F. is'chio-pu'- 
bicum, obturator foramen. F. jugula're, lacerum 
posterius foramen. F. jugula're spu'rium, foramen 
occasionally seen in the temporal bone, between the 
glenoid fossa and tympanic portion. F. labia'le, F. 
mentale. F. lac'erum in ba'si cra'nii, lacerum pos- 
terius foramen. F. lac'erum infe'rius, spheno-maxil- 
lary fissure. F. lac'erum orbita'le, sphenoidal fis- 
sure. F. lac'erum supe'rius, sphenoidal fissure. F. 
of Magen'die, opening in pia mater covering fourth 
ventricle. F. mag'num, large opening in the occipital 
bone for passage of spinal cord and medulla oblongata, 
vertebral arteries, the spinal roots of the spinal 
accessory nerves, communicating veins from sinuses 
of the brain, and membranes common to the brain 
and spinal cord. F. mandibula're poste'rius, dental 
foramen, inferior. F., mas'toid, foramen behind 
mastoid process of temporal bone, giving passage to a 
small artery and vein. F. maxilla're ante'rius, F. 
mentale. F. maxilla're infe'rius, inter'num, or 
poste'rius, dental foramen, inferior. F. medul'lse 
spina'lis, vertebral foramen. F. meninge'um, small 
foramen on the outer wall of the orbit, at the upper 
portion of the great wing of the sphenoid or in the 
suture between it and the frontal bone. F. menta'le, 
mental foramen, external opening of inferior dental 
canal on the lower jaw. F. menta'le ante'rius, an 
additional mental foramen occasionally met with. 
F. menta'le infe'rius, dental foramen, inferior. F. 
of Monro', opening behind anterior pillar of fornix, 
somewhat above the anterior commissure, by which 
the third ventricle communicates with the lateral ven- 
tricle ; called after Monro 2d. F. Morga'gnii, F. 
caecum of tongue, and tongue. F. nasa'le or na'so- 
ethmoida'le, small opening in the nasal bone. F. 
nutrit'ium, nutritious foramen in a bone for the 
452 
FORAMEN 
medullary artery. F., obtura'tor, obturato'rium, or 
obtura'tum, obturator foramen. F. occipita'le mag'- 
num, foramen magnum. F. o. supe'rius, large ellip- 
tical opening formed by extension of the tentorium, 
and occupied by the crura cerebri. F. oc'uli, pupil. 
F. oesophage'um, cesophageal or cardiac orifice of the 
stomach; elliptical opening in the diaphragm for 
transmission of the oesophagus and vagus nerves. 
F. od'des, foramen ovale. F. opercula're, the orifice 
in the dura mater by which the infundibulum 
reaches the pituitary fossa. F. op'ticum, round 
opening near base of lesser wing of sphenoid for 
passage of optic nerve. F. o. choroi'dese, passage 
for optic nerve through the choroid ; see Optic nerves. 
F. o. sclerot'icse, passage for optic nerve through the 
sclerotic coat. F. orbita'rium inter'num, orbitar 
foramen, internal. F. o. supe'rius, orbitar foramen, 
superior, and F. supraorbitarium. F. ova'le, obtura- 
tor foramen. F. o. cox'ae, oval foramen of hip-bone. 
Foramen in inner paries of middle ear, opening into 
the vestibule. Foramen in sphenoid bone, F. ovale of 
sphenoid bone, through which the branch of the fifth 
pair issues from the cranium. Aperture in foetus 
between the auricles of the heart, F. of Botal, F. ovale 
of heart. Also fenestra ovalis and foramen of Monro. 
F. o. of Pacchio'ni, F. occipitale superius. F. 0., 
pa'tency of, see Cyanopathy. F. palati'num ante'- 
rius, see Palatine canals. F. p. latera'le, passage 
from posterior palatine canal to middle meatus of 
nose. F. p. ma'jus, palatine foramen, posterior. F. 
p. poste'rius, palatine foramen, posterior; inferior 
opening of accessory palatine canals. F. pala'to- 
maxilla're, see Palatine canals. F., pari'etal, occa- 
sional foramen near upper edge of parietal bones for 
passage of artery and vein. F. profun'dum, sternal 
infundibulum. F. pter'ygo-palati'num, palatine 
foramen, posterior; see Sphenoid bone. F. quad- 
ra'tum or quadrilat'erum, venae cavse. F. re- 
ces'stis latera'lis, opening through pia mater in 
lateral recess of fourth ventricle. F. Rivi'ni or Ri- 
vinia'num, opening or slit in bony ring of attach- 
ment of membrana tympani. F. rotun'dum, opening 
at anterior part of base of greater wing of sphenoid, for 
passage of superior maxillary division of fifth pair; see 
Fenestra. F. saphe'nae, saphenous opening. F. scapu- 
la're, suprascapular foramen. F. of Scar'pa, seeScarpa. 
F. sclerot'icse anti'cum, F. corneae. F. sclerot'icas 
posti'cum, F. opticum scleroticae. F. singula're, 
foramen in small fossa at the bottom of the internal 
auditory meatus, transmitting branch of the audi- 
tory nerve. F. sinis'trum infe'rius diaphragma'- 
tis, opening for the passage of the aorta, back of 
the diaphragm. F. sinis'trum supe'rius diaphrag- 
ma'tis, F. cesophageum. F. pro si'nu petro'so in- 
ferio'ri, occasional opening in the petro-basilar fis- 
sure, at base of skull, for discharge of the inferior 
petrosal sinus. F. of Som'mering, F. centrale of 
retina. F., sphe'no-pal'atine, see Palate bone. F. 
sphe'no-spino'sum, F. spinosum. F. spina'le, ver- 
tebral foramen; F. spinosum. F. spino'sum, small 
foramen in front of the spinous process of the 
sphenoid bone, through which the middle artery of 
the dura mater enters the cranium. F. steno'nis or 
F. Stenso'ni, see Foramina of Stenson. F., ster'nal, 
orifice occasionally found between the third and 
fourth pieces of the second bone of the sternum from 
arrest of development. F. stylomastoi'deum, foramen 
at the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone, terminating the aqueduct of Fallopius, 
and giving passage to the facial nerve. F. subarcua'- 
tum, aperture on posterior surface of the petrous 
bone of the foetus. F. supe'rius et ma'jus, helico- 
trema. F. suprapyrifor'me, opening in the great 
sciatic notch, above the pyramidalis muscle, for pas- 
sage of the gluteal vessels and superior gluteal nerve 
from the pelvis. F. sutu'rse petro-basila'ris anom'- 
alum, F. pro sinu petroso inferiori. F. of Tari'ni or 
Tari'nus, hiatus Fallopii. F. thyroi'deum, obturator 
foramen. Aperture in thyroid cartilage for the pas- 
sage of the superior laryngeal artery. F. transver- 
sa'rium, aperture in the transverse process of a cer- FORAMINA 
vical vertebra for the passage of the vertebral artery 
and vein. F. ve'nae ca/vae, foramen in the dia- 
phragm through which the vena cava passes. F. ve'- 
nae saphe'nae, saphenous opening. F. veno'sum. F. 
venae cavse. F. vertebra'le, see Vertebrae. F. of Ve- 
sa'lius, small aperture in the sphenoid bone at the 
inner side of the foramen ovale. F. vo'meris, pos- 
terior opening of the canal between the sphenoid 
bone and the vomer; canalis vomeris. F. of Wins'- 
low, hiatus of Winslow. F. zygomat'ico-facia'le, 
opening on the face of the temporo-malar canal. F. 
zygomat'ico-orbita'le, opening on the orbit of the 
temporo-malar canal. F. zygomat'icum ante'rius or 
exter'num or facia'le, F. zygomatico-faciale. F. 
zygomat'icum inter'num or orbita'le or supe'rius, 
F. zygomatico-orbitale. 
Foram'ina (pl. of Foramen) caro'tica-tympan'ica. 
Minute openings on the external surface of the caro- 
tid canal communicating with the tympanum. F., 
con'dyloid, four foramina in the occipital bone. F. 
conjuga'ta or conjugatio'nis, intervertebral foram- 
ina. F. cribro'sa, apertures in the horizontal plate 
of the ethmoid for the olfactory nerve. F. of di'a- 
phragm, see Diaphragm. F. diplo'ica, foramina of 
the diploic canals. F. intersacra'lia, apertures be- 
tween the sacral canal and the intersacral canals. F. 
ischiad'ica, foramina formed by the sacro-sciatic lig- 
aments passing across the sciatic notches. F. of Mor- 
ga'gni, see Urethra. F. nervi'na, apertures in labium 
tympanicum through which the auditory nerve 
passes to the organ of Corti. F. nutri'tia os'sium, 
nutrient foramina of bones. F. orbita'ria, ethmoidal 
foramina. F. palati'na mino'ra, accessory palatine 
foramina. F. papilla'ria, minute openings of the 
excretory tubes on the papillae of the kidney. F. of 
Scar'pa, openings in the line of the articulation of 
the palate processes of the upper jaw-bones. F. of 
Sten'son, two lateral foramina which assist in mak- 
ing the anterior palatine canal. F. Thebe'sii, open- 
ings resembling vascular orifices, found below the 
orifice of the vena cava superior in the right auricle, 
and supposed to be the openings of veins, venae minimae 
cordis. F. transversa'ria accesso'ria, occasional ac- 
cessory foramina in transverse processes of cervical 
vertebrae. 
Foramin'ula (small foramina) carot'ico-tympan'- 
ica. Foramina carotico-tympanica. 
Fora'tio (foro, to bore). Perforation ; trepanning. 
Forbes's amputa'tion. Modification of Chopart's 
amputation, in which the scaphoid bone and part of 
the cuboid are retained. 
Force (fortis, strong). Power producing action. 
Powers inherent in organization are called vital 
forces. Organic force and muscular force designate 
that of the organs in general, or of the muscles in 
particular. To the latter the word dynamic corre- 
sponds, and the absence of this force is termed adyna- 
mia. F. of assimila'tion, plastic force. F., cap'il- 
lary, capillary attraction. F., catalyt'ic, see Cataly- 
sis. F., cell, see Cell-force. F. of formation, plastic 
force. F., germ, plastic force. F., metabol'ic, see 
Metabolic force. F. of nutri'tion, plastic force. F., 
osmo'tic, see Osmotic force. F. of vegeta'tion, plas- 
tic force. F., vi'tal, quality of vital power that dis- 
tinguishes living matter from the dead. 
Forced move'ments. Compulsory movements caused 
by lesion of the cerebellum, as after experiments on 
animals. 
Forceps, for'seps (ferrum, iron, capio, to take). 
Pincers. Instrument for removing bodies which it 
would be inconvenient or impracticable to seize with 
the fingers. Various kinds of forceps are employed 
by the surgeon, obstetrician, or dentist. Term also 
applied to fibres which curve backward into the pos- 
terior lobes from the posterior border of the corpus 
callosum. F., ante'rior or mi'nor, is prolongation 
of the fibres to the frontal lobe. F., ax'is-trac'tion, 
obstetrical forceps provided with a device for exert- 
ing downward and backward traction. See Parturi- 
tion. F., poste'rior or ma'jor, is a collection of such 
fibres passing backward and outward. 
453 
I FORMICANT 
Forcipressure, for'se-pres-sure. Compression of a 
bleeding vessel by spring forceps. 
Fore. Before or anterior, as fore-brain, forearm, etc. 
Fore'arm. Part of the upper extremity comprised 
between the arm and the hand, and composed of two 
bones (radius and ulna) and twenty muscles. 
Fore'-brain. Expansion in the foetus at the ante- 
rior extremity of the medullary tube; prosencephalon. 
Fore'finger. The second finger. 
Fore'front or Fore'head. Front part of the head. 
Fore'gut. Anterior portion of the alimentary em- 
bryonic canal, including the pharynx, oesophagus, 
stomach, and duodenum. 
For'eign bod'y. Extraneous body, of interest med- 
ically and surgically when present in the body in 
canals, organs, or viscera, in which it may cause 
irritation or inflammation. 
Fore'-limb. Upper extremity of man; anterior 
extremity of animals. 
Fore'milk. Colostrum. 
Fore'neck. Front of the neck; throat. 
Forensic, for-en'sik (forum, court of justice). Ee- 
lating to law. F. anat'omy, see Anatomy. F. med'- 
iclne, legal medicine; medical jurisprudence. 
Fo'res (pl. of Foris, gate). Vulva. 
Fore'skin. Prepuce. 
Fore'top. Front. 
For'fex. Scissors; forceps. F. denta'ria, dental 
forceps. 
Forfic'ula auricula'ris (dim. of Forfex, scissors). 
Earwig; insect of the order Orthoptera, which occa- 
sionally enters the meatus auditorius externus and 
excites intense pain. It may be destroyed by to- 
bacco-smoke or by oil placed in the meatus. 
Forget'-me-not. Myosotis arvensis; expectorant 
properties. Ajuga chamaepitys; Veronica chamae- 
drys. 
For'mal. Methylal; methylene dimethylate. 
Formam'idate of mer'cury. Mercuric formami- 
date. 
For'mamide. Amide of formyl (NH2,CH0). 
For'mate of ammo'nium. Combination of formic 
acid and ammonia administered in chronic paralytic 
disease in the dose of five grains. F. of so'dium, see 
Sodium formate. 
Formatio, for-mah'she-o. Formation; membrane. 
F. granulo'sa, membrana granulosa. F. reticula'ris, 
two tracts of nervous substance-one gray, the other 
white-in the medulla oblongata are so called. 
Forma'tion. Act of forming or growing; body or 
substance so formed. F., new, neoplasm. F., retic'- 
ular, formatio reticularis 
Form'ative (formo, to form). Plastic. 
Formed mate'rial. Every cell is, according to 
Beale, composed of matter in two conditions: living 
and formative germinal matter; and lifeless formed 
material. The former selects nutrient matter, which 
permeates the latter in its passage toward the germ- 
inal matter. 
For'mic ac'id. HCHO2. Acid originally procured 
from red ants; an oxidative product of methylic 
acid; exists in stings of insects. Diluted with water, 
it has been used externally on paralyzed limbs. F. 
e'ther (C2H5CHO2), colorless soluble liquid with peach- 
kernel odor, procured by distillation of mixture of 
formate of sodium, alcohol, and sulphuric acid. 
Formica, for-me'ka. Ant or pismire. It contains 
an acid juice and gross oil, formerly extolled as 
aphrodisiacs. The chrysalides of the animal are said 
to be diuretic and carminative, and have been used 
in dropsy. A black wart, verruca formicaria, is so 
called because the pain attending it resembles the 
biting of an ant. Varicose tumor on the anus and 
glans penis; miliary herpes. F. ambulato'ria, her- 
pes circinatus. F. corrosi'va, herpes exedens, herpes 
esthiomenus, herpes phlyctsenodes; lupus erythema- 
todes. F. ru'fa-, wood-ant; formerly source of formic 
acid. 
Formicant, for'me-kant (formica, ant). Epithet 
given to the pulse, pulsus formicans, when extremely 
small, scarcely perceptible, unequal, and communi- FORMICATION 
eating a sensation like that of the motion of an ant 
felt through a thin texture. 
Formication, for-me-ka'shun (formica, ant). Itchy 
or irritating sensation, as if ants were creeping on the 
skin. 
For'mix (formica, ant). Herpes esthiomenus; lupus. 
Formula, form'u-lah (dim. of Forma, form or man- 
ner). Prescription or detailed statement of ingre- 
dients of a prescription. F. extempora'nea, see Mag- 
istral. F. magistra'lis, see Magistral. F. med'ica, 
prescription. F. offlcina'lis, see Magistral. 
Formulary, form'u-lar-e. Collection of medical 
formulae or receipts. 
For'myl. Radical of formic acid, CHO. F. chlo'- 
ride or perchlo'ride, chloroform. F. terbro'mide, 
bromoform. F. teri'odide, iodoform. F. trichlo'ride, 
chloroform. F. trii'odide, iodoform. 
Formyl'ic ac'id. Formic acid. 
Form'ylum. Formyl. F. chlora'tum, chloroform. 
F. ioda'tum, iodoform. F. perchlora'tum or trichlo- 
ra'tum, chloroform. 
For'nical. Relating to the fornix. 
For'nicate convolu'tion or gy'rus. Gyrus forni- 
catus. 
For'nices arteria'rum. Arches of branches of 
renal artery in passing from one part of the kidney 
to another. F. vasculo'si re'num, F. arteriarum. 
For'niciform. Arched. 
For'nix (arch or vault). Medullary body in the 
brain, F. cerebri, below the corpus callosum and above 
the middle ventricle, on the median line. This body, 
curved upon itself, terminates anteriorly by a prolon- 
gation, constituting its anterior pillar, crus or columna 
fornicis, and posteriorly by two similar prolongations 
called posterior pillars or crura. See Achicolum and 
Vault. F. centra'lis, F. cerebri. F. cer'ebri, fornix. 
F. conjuncti'v®, point of reflection of conjunctiva 
upon the globe of the eye. F. cra'nii, vault of skull. 
F. humera'lis, vault of the shoulder, made up of the 
acromion and coracoid processes and coraco-acromial 
ligament. F. na'si, roof of the nose. F. peripher'- 
icus, convolution of corpus callosum; gyrus fornica- 
tus. F. pharyn'gis, roof of pharynx. F. tricuspida'- 
lis, F. cerebri. F. vagi'n®, upper part of vagina, in 
which cervix uteri terminates. F. ve'rus, corpus cal- 
losum. 
Forskah'lea angustifo'lia. Plant of the Canary 
Islands; diaphoretic. 
Forstero'nia diffor'mis (after T. F. Forster, English 
botanist). Indigenous; used as a wash, with milk, to 
remove freckles; juice destroys warts. 
Forsyth'ia suspen'sa. Plant of China and Japan; 
fruit is antispasmodic and sedative. A glucoside hav- 
ing antipyretic properties is obtained from it. 
Fortifica'tion spec'trum. A subjective visual sen- 
sation noticed in migraine, in which the edge has a 
luminous appearance like walls of Troy. 
For'tune-tell'er. Leontodon taraxacum. 
For'ty-knot. Achyranthes repens. 
Fos'sa (fodio, to dig). Cavity of greater or less 
depth, the entrance to which is always larger than 
the base. Foss® of bones are simple when they be- 
long to one bone only, as the parietal foss®; and com- 
pound when several concur in their formation, as 
the orbitar foss®, temporal foss®, the foss® of the 
skull, etc. F. acetab'uli, acetabular fossa. F., 
amyg'daloid, amygdaloid excavation; space between 
the anterior and posterior pillars of the fauces occu- 
pied by the tonsils. F. amyn't®, bandage for frac- 
tures of the nose, called from Amyntas of Rhodes, its 
inventor, consisting of a long band applied around the 
head, the turns being crossed at the root of the nose. 
F., ancone'al, olecranon fossa. F. anon'yma, navic- 
ular fossa. F., ante'rior, see Fossse cer ebrales and 
Skull, fossse of. F., ante'rior ma'jor, coronoid fossa. 
F., ante'rior mi'nor, slight depression on humerus 
for reception of head of radius when the arm is thor- 
oughly flexed. F. anthe'licis, depression on the ear 
opposite the antihelix; navicular fossa. F. arena'ta, 
foramen subarcuatum. F. articula'ris maxil'l® in- 
ferio'ris, glenoid fossa. F. axilla'ris, axillary space. 
454 
FOSSA 
F. basila'ris, basilar fossa or groove of occipital bone. 
F. bul'bi ure'thrae, part of urethra in bulb of corpus 
spongiosum. F. caeru'lea, dark spot on floor of fourth 
ventricle. F. cani'na, depression on external surface 
of the superior maxillary bone. F. cap'itis fem'oris, 
depression on the head of the femur to which the 
round ligament is attached. F. caplt'uli ra'dii, F., 
anterior minor. F. carotide'a, superior carotid tri- 
angle of neck. F. cerebel'li, inferior occipital fossa, 
lodging corresponding portion of the cerebellum. F. 
cerebel'li supe'rior, groove between lobes of upper 
surface of cerebellum. F. cerebra'les, see Fossx of 
skull. F. coch'leae, depression at bottom of internal 
auditory meatus for entrance of cochlear nerve to 
internal ear. F. con'chae, concha. F. corona'lis, 
depression on the orbitar plate of the frontal or cor- 
onal bone, supporting the anterior lobe of the brain. 
F. coronoi'dea, coronoid fossa; cavity before the in- 
ferior extremity of the humerus, in which the coro- 
noid process of the ulna is engaged during flexion of 
the forearm. F. cotyloi'dea, cotyloid cavity or ace- 
tabulum ; cotyloid notch. F. cru'ris hel'icis, sulcus 
cruris helicis. F. cubita'lis or cu'biti, coronoid fossa; 
depression at end of elbow. F. cyst'idis fel'leae, fossa 
for gall-bladder; see Gall-bladder. F., digas'tric, deep 
groove on the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, 
giving origin to the digastric muscle. F., dig'ital, F., 
trochanteric. F., Douglas's, Douglas's pouch. F. 
duc'tus veno'si, fissure for ductus venosus; see Liver. 
F. duode'no-jejuna'lis, depression in peritoneum from 
fold made by duodenum and jejunum. F. ellip'tica, 
depression for reception of utricle on wall of vestibule 
of internal ear. F. ethmoida'lis, ethmoid fossa; shal- 
low gutter on the upper surface of the cribriform plate 
of the ethmoid bone, in which is lodged the olfactory 
bulb. F. of the gall-blad'der, see Gall-bladder. F. 
gen'u, popliteal space. F. glan'dis, see Glans. F. 
glan'dulae lacryma'lis, lacrymal fossa. F. glandu- 
la'ris, lacrymal fossa. F., glen'oid, glenoid cavity or 
fossa of scapula. F. guttura'lis, guttural fossa; de- 
pression forming the guttural region of the base of the 
cranium, between the foramen magnum and posterior 
nares. F. of he'lix, groove between helix and anti- 
helix. F. hemispher'ica, see Crista vestibuli. F. hy- 
aloi'dea, see Hyaloid. F. hypophys'eos, depression 
on upper surface of body of sphenoid bone for recep- 
tion of the pituitary body. F., il'iac, see Iliac fossx. 
F. il'io-pectine'a, Scarpa's triangle. F. incisi'va, F. 
myrtiformis. F. incu'dis, fossa on posterior wall of 
tympanum for short process of incus. F., infracla- 
vic'ular, see Infraclavicular. F., infraor'bitar, canine 
fossa. F., infraspi'nous, see Infraspinous fossa. F. 
infratempora'lis, zygomatic fossa. F. innomina'ta, 
navicular fossa. F. intercondyl'ica, fossa on trochlea 
of thigh-bone to receive patella. F. intercondyloi'dea, 
fossa between condyles of femur. F. interpeduncu- 
la'ris, space between crura cerebri and mammillary 
tubercles. F., ischiorec'tal, perineal fossa. F. ju- 
gula'ris, jugular fossa; see Suprasternal. F. lacry- 
ma'lis, lacrymal fossa. F. laryn'go-pharynge'a, de- 
pression of mucous membrane at entrance to larynx. 
F. lentlcula'ris, see Hyaloid membrane. F. ligamen'ti 
veno'si, fissure of ductus venosus. F. longitudina'lis 
dex'tra ante'rior, depression for gall-bladder on 
under surface of liver. F. longitudina'lis dex'tra 
poste'rior, fissure of vena cava. F. longitudina'lis 
sinis'tra ante'rior, umbilical fissure; see Liver. F. 
longitudina'lis sinis'tra poste'rior, fissure of ductus 
venosus. F. mag'na mulie'bris, vulva. F. mag'na 
Syl'vii, fissure of Sylvius. F. Malgaign'ii, superior 
carotid triangle of neck. F. mandibula'ris, glenoid 
fossa. F. maxilla'ris, canine fossa. F., men'tal, small 
depression on each side of the symphysis on the ante- 
rior surface of the body of the inferior maxilla, for 
the attachment of muscles. F. Morgagn'ii, F. navic- 
ularis urethrae. F. myrtifor'mis, depression in the 
superior maxillary bone just above the incisor teeth; 
see Myrtiform. F. navicuia'ris auric'ulae, F. of helix. 
F. navicuia'ris larynge'i, F. laryngo-pharyngea. F. 
navicuia'ris ure'thrae, perceptible dilatation of ure- 
thra near base of glans penis. F. navicuia'ris vul'vae, FOSSXE 
small depression between entrance of vagina and 
posterior commissure of labia majora or fourchette. 
F., occip'ital, see Fossae, occipital. F. olecra'nii, olec- 
ranon. F. orbicula'ris, see Crista vestibuli. F. ovaTis, 
navicular fossa; see also Crista vestibuli and Oval fossa. 
F. ova'rii, depression on back wall of pelvis on which 
the ovary rests. F. palati'na, palate. F. pararectazlis, 
peritoneal depression at side of rectum. F. paraves- 
ica'lis, peritoneal pouch on each side of the bladder. 
F. patella'ris, see Hyaloid membrane. F. peduncula'ris, 
horizontal fissure of cerebellum. F. perinse'i, perineal 
fossa. F. pituita'ria, sella turcica. F. poplitae'a, 
popliteal fossa; hollow of ham; popliteal region. F., 
por'tal, see Liver. F. posterior hu'meri, olecranon 
fossa. F. proces'sus coronoi'dei, coronoid fossa. F., 
pter'ygoid, see Pterygoid. F. pter'ygo-maxilla'ris 
or F. palati'na, spheno-maxillary fossa. F. pu'bo- 
vesica'lis, abdomino-vesical pouch. F. rec'to-ute- 
ri'na, recto-vaginal pouch. F. rhomboi'dea or rhom- 
boida'lis, fourth ventricle. F. Rolan'di, furrow on 
upper surface of cerebral hemispheres separating pa- 
rietaland frontal lobes. F. cf Rosenmuller, depression 
or fossa in the pharyngeal wall, back of aperture of 
Eustachian tube. F. rotun'da, see Crista vestibuli. F. 
sac'ci lacryma'lis, lacrymal fossa. F. sagitta'lis, 
longitudinal fissure of liver. F. scaphoi'des, navic- 
ular fossa of helix. F. sel'lae, pituitary fossa. F. 
semiluna'ris, sigmoid fossa or cavity. F. semiova'lis, 
see Crista vestibuli. F. sigmoi'dea, broad deep groove 
on inner process of mastoid portion of temporal bone, 
supporting part of lateral sinus. F. sphe'no-maxil- 
la'ris, see Spheno-maxillary. F. subarcua'ta, depres- 
sion on posterior surface of temporal bone to lodge 
flocculus of cerebellum. F. subinguina'lis, Scarpa's 
triangle. F., sublin'gual, oval depression in infe- 
rior maxillary bone for lodging of sublingual gland. 
F., submax hilar y, oblong depression on inferior max- 
illary bone for lodging submaxillary gland. F., subor'- 
bitar, canine fossa. F., subpyram'idal, deep fossa un- 
der the pyramid and behind fenestra rotunda in mid- 
dle ear. F. subrotun'da, see Navicula, Crista vestibuli. 
F. subscapula'ris, see Scapula. F. sulcifor'mis, see 
Crista vestibuli. F. supraclavicula'ris, supraclavicular 
space between trapezius and sterno-cleido-mastoid mus- 
cles ; fossa between sternal and clavicular portions of 
sterno-mastoid muscle. F. supracondyloi'dea, fossa 
separating internal supracondylar tubercle from inter- 
nal tuberosity of femur. F. suprapatella'ris, depres- 
sion on anterior surface of femur above the trochlea. 
F. suprasphenoidaTis, pituitary fossa. F. supraspi- 
na'ta, supraspinous fossa. F. suprasterna'lis, see Su- 
prasternal. F. supratrochlea'ris ante'rior, coronoid 
fossa. F. s. posterior, olecranon fossa. F. of Syl'- 
vius, fissure of Sylvius. F. tempora'iis, temporal 
fossa. F. tonsilla'ris, interval between pillars of 
fauces occupied by the tonsil. F. trag'ica of con'cha, 
excavation or fossa in front of the meatus auditorius 
externus, concealed by the tragus, and forming, as it 
were, the vestibule of the meatus. F. transver'sa, 
see Liver. F. triangula'ris, depression on front sur- 
face of arytenoid cartilage: fossa between crura of 
antihelix. F. trique'tra, navicular fossa. F., tro- 
chanter'ic, deep depression in the great trochanter 
of the femur for the attachment of the tendon of the 
obturator externus muscle. F. trochlea'ris, small 
depression in frontal bone for attachment of pulley 
of trochlearis. F. tu'bse Eusta'chli, groove in pe- 
trous portion of temporal bone for cartilaginous por- 
tion of Eustachian tube. F. umbilica'lis, see Liver. 
F. u'tero-recta'lis, recto-uterine pouch. F. u'tero- 
vesicahis, vesico-uterine pouch. F. of ve'na ca'va, 
fissure of vena cava. F. vesi'cae fel'leaa or vesica'- 
lis, F. cystidis felleae. F. ves'ico-recta'lis, recto- 
vesical pouch. F., zygomat'ic, see Zygomatic. 
Fos'sse (pl. of Fossa) cerebelTi. Occipital fossae, 
inferior. F. cerebra'les, Cerebral fossae; fossae or ex- 
cavations at the base of the cranium. They are nine 
in number: three occupy the median line, and three 
are placed at each side; they are distinguished into 
anterior, middle, and posterior. F., con'dyloid, cavities 
posterior to condyles of occipital bone. F. costa'les, 
455 
FOVEA 
depressions on bodies of dorsal vertebrse for articula- 
tion with ribs. F. cra'nii, skull, fossse of. F. digi- 
ta'les, see Impression. F., il'eo-csa'cal, see Ileo-caecal 
fossse. F. na'rium, nasal fossse. F., na'sal, nasal 
fossse. F., occip'ital, see Occipital. F. of skull, see 
Skull, fossse of. F. transversa'les, depressions on 
transverse processes of dorsal vertebrse for attach- 
ment of ribs. 
Fossette. A small fossa or depression. 
Fos'sil wax. Ozokerite. 
Fosso'rium (fossor, a digger). Fleam. 
Fos'sula (dim. of Fossa, a ditch). Fovea. White 
spot or ulceration of the eye. F. coch'lese or cochlea'- 
ris, fovea cochlese. F. cor'neae, corneal ulcer. F. 
fenes'traa ova'lis, small fossa in inner tympanic wall, 
in which the oval window, fenestra ovalis, is situated. 
F. f. rotun'dse, depression in promontory of tympanum 
containing fenestra rotunda. F., infe'rior, depression 
at lower part of internal auditory meatus. F. menta'- 
lis, mental fossa. F. petro'sa, depression on base of 
temporal bone for petrosal ganglia of glosso-pharyn- 
geal nerve. F. sulcifor'mis, depression leading to 
aqueduct of vestibule. F., supe'rior, depression at 
lower part of internal auditory meatus, having en- 
trance to aqueduct of Fallopius. F. trochlea'ris, de- 
pression for attachment of pulley of superior oblique 
muscle of the eye on orbital surface of frontal bone. 
F. ulna'ris, sigmoid cavity of radius. F. vestibula'ris 
infe'rior, posterior part of fossula inferior. 
Fos'sulse (pl. of Fossula, small fossa) costa'les. 
Facets on the bodies of the dorsal vertebrae for articu- 
lation with the ribs. F. olfacto'riae, foramina crib- 
rosa. F. vestibula'res superio'res, small openings 
at bottom of internal auditory meatus for passage of 
vestibular nerve. 
Foth'ergill's disease. Facial neuralgia. F.'sface'- 
ache, facial neuralgia. F.'s pills, see Pilulse aloes et 
colocynthidis. F.'s sore throat, see Scarlatina. 
Fo'tus (foveo, to keep warm). Fomentation. F. 
commu'nis, decoctum papaveris. 
Fouchard's disease. Alveolo-dental periostitis. 
Foul in the foot. Foot rot; suppurative inflamma- 
tion of certain portions of hoofs of cattle. 
Foun'der. Inflammation of sensitive laminse or 
layers of foot of the horse. 
Fountain decussa'tion. Crossing of fibres of basal 
portion of crura cerebri under posterior longitudinal 
fasciculus. 
Four o'clock. Mirabilis jalapa. 
Fourchette (F.) (dim. of Fourche, a fork). Surgical 
instrument for raising and supporting the tongue 
during the operation of dividing the fraenum. In 
anatomy, the posterior commissure of the labia majora. 
Ensiform cartilage, from being sometimes cleft like a 
fork. Semilunar notch at the superior or clavicular 
extremity of the sternum; interclavicular notch. 
Frog of horse's foot. 
Fourth nerve. Trochlear nerve. F. ven'tricle, 
cavity situate at back of medulla oblongata and pons, 
in front of central portion of cerebellum; the superior 
angle of the ventricle communicates with the third 
ventricle; the lower angle with central canal of me- 
dulla oblongata and spinal cord. 
Fou'sel oil. Fusel oil. 
Fo'vea (dim. Foveola) {fodio, to dig). Slight de- 
pression. Pudendum muliebre; see Vulva. Fossa 
navicularis. Vapor bath for the lower extremities. 
F. ante'rior, depression at the upper part of fourth 
ventricle. F. ante'rior ma'jor, coronoid fossa. F. 
ante'rior mi'nor, depression on humerus for recep- 
tion of radius. F. articula'ris latera'lis, part of 
cervical vertebra articulating with prominence of 
vertebra beneath it. F. articula'ris transversa'lis, 
facet for articulation of rib on the transverse process 
of dorsal vertebra. F. as'pera, depression on the 
body of the sphenoid bone, between the internal 
pterygoid and the vaginal processes. F. axilla'ris, 
axilla. F. bur'sae pharynge'ee, occasional depression 
in front of pharyngeal tubercle on the basilar process 
of occipital bone. F. cani'na, canine fossa. F. cap'- 
itis fem'oris, depression on the head of the femur for FOVEXE 
insertion of the round ligament. F. capit'uli ra'dii, 
depression on the head of the radius for articulation 
with humerus. F. cardi'aca, hollow above ensiform 
process, opening over the septum transversum into the 
front part of alimentary canal of embryo. F. carot'- 
ica, superficial depression near greater cornu of the 
hyoid. F. carotide'a, superior carotid triangle of the 
neck. F. centra'lis laryn'gis, depression on front 
wall of larynx in middle line. F. centra'lis ret'inae, 
foramen centrale retinae. F. coch'leae, depression at 
lower part of internal auditory meatus. F. coro- 
noi'dea, coronoid fossa. F. cribro'sa infe'rior and 
posterior, small openings at bottom of internal 
auditory meatus for passage of branches of auditory 
nerve. F. crura'lis, peritoneal depression over crural 
ring. F. cu'biti, triangular depression at bend of 
elbow. F. digita'ta, posterior cornu of lateral ven- 
tricle. F. ellip'tica, depression for reception of utricle 
on inner wall of vestibule. F. glan'dulae lacry- 
ma'lis, depression on orbital plate of frontal bone for 
lacrymal gland. F. glenoi'dea, glenoid cavity. F. 
hemiellip'tica, F. elliptica. F. hemisphae'rica, de- 
pression for saccule on inner wall of vestibule. F. 
hyaloi'dea, fossa patellaris. F. ili'aca, anterior por- 
tion of inner surface of ilium, for iliacus muscle. F. 
infe'rior, triangular depression at lower part of fourth 
ventricle. F. inguina'lis, see Inguinal fosses. F. in- 
terclavicula'ris, concave surface of upper border of 
sternum, between points of attachment of clavicles. 
F. interligamento'sa, peritoneal depression or pouches 
formed by urachal folds ; see Inguinal fosses. F. jugu- 
la'ris, space above sternum between origins of sterno- 
mastoid muscle. F. lacryma'lis, F. glandulae lacry- 
malis. F. lam'inae cartila'ginis cricoi'deae, depres- 
sion for the crico-arytenoidei postici muscles on pos- 
terior surface of cricoid cartilage. F. malle'oli late- 
ra'lis, depression above the internal malleolus for 
attachment of the deltoid ligament. F. maxilla'ris, 
canine fossa. F. navicula'ris, dilatation of urethra 
within the glans. F. nu'chae, triangular depression at 
back of neck, below the occipital bone. F. oblon'ga, 
the depression on the anterior surface of the arytenoid 
cartilages for insertion of the thyro-arytenoid muscle. 
F. occip'ito-cervica'lis, F. nuchae. F. oc'uli, orbit. 
F. olec'rani, olecranon fossa. F. orbita'lis poste'rior, 
depression on the body of the sphenoid below the 
optic foramen. F. ova'lis cor'dis, depression on the 
septum auricularum of the heart, at situation of the 
foramen ovale of the foetus. F. ova'lis fas'ciae la'tse, 
saphenous opening. F. ova'lis vestib'uli, F. elliptica. 
F. palati'na, depression on the back part of the hard 
palate, containing palatine glands. F. patella'ris 
oc'uli, fossa patellaris. F. pharyn'gis, depression in 
wall of pharynx ; fossa of Rosenmuller. F., pos- 
terior, olecranon fossa; F., inferior. F. retro-max- 
illa'ris, fossa for parotid gland. F. rotun'da or 
rotun'da vestib'uli, F. hemisphaerica. F. semiellip'- 
tica, F. elliptica. F. sulcifor'mis, fossula sulciformis. 
F., supe'rior, F., anterior. F. supratrochlea'ris ante'- 
rior, coronoid fossa. F. supratrochlea'ris poste'rior, 
olecranon fossa. F. triangula'ris, ventricle of Aran- 
tius. F. trique'tra auric'ulae, fossa triangularis. 
F. trochlea'ris, depression on orbital surface of frontal 
bone for attachment of pulley of superior oblique 
muscle. F. tym'pani, tympanum ; in embryonic life, 
a depression in the petrous bone. F. vestib'uli in- 
fe'rior, posterior part of fossula inferior. 
Fo'veae (pl. of Fovea) articula'res. Facets on the 
bodies of the vertebrae at point of articulation with 
the ribs. F. glandula'res, depressions on the interior 
of the skull, corresponding to the glandulae Pacchioni. 
Fove'ola (small pit) cap'itis. Dark red spot in 
centre of fovea capitis; anterior fontanelle. F. cap'- 
itis fem'oris, fovea capitis femoris. F. coccyge'a, 
small fistula-like pit just back of the anus. F. radia'- 
lis, depression between extensors of thumb, in which 
is the radial artery. F. ret'inae, foramen centrale 
retinae. F. retro-ana'lis, foramen caecum retro-anale; 
Fovea coccygea. F. triangula'ris, triangular space or 
depression between columns of fornix. F. ventric'uli 
quar' ti, fourth ventricle. 
456 
FRACTURE 
Fove'olae of bone, F. Howshipia'nae. Small depres- 
sions made by osteoclasts of Kolliker. F. ethmoida'- 
les, ethmoid cells. F. of kid'ney, F. papilla'rum 
renal'ium, pits at extremity of renal papillae into 
which tubuli uriniferi empty. 
Fove'olate. Having a small depression or de- 
pressions. 
Fowl chol'era. Affection of fowls caused by a micro- 
organism, and attended with debility and choleraic 
symptoms. See Bacillus choleric gallinaceie. 
Fow'ler's solution. Liquor potassii arsenitis. 
Fox'berry. Arbutus uva ursi. 
Fox'glove. Digitalis. 
Fox'tail. Lycopodium clavatum; emeto-cathartic. 
Foy'er (F.). Focus; chief seat of disease. 
Fractu'ra. Fracture. F. assula'ris or commu- 
ti'va, comminuted fracture. F. complica'ta, compli- 
cated fracture. F. den'tis, fracture of a tooth. F. 
imperfec'ta, incomplete fracture. F. mul'tiplex, mul- 
tiple fracture. F. partia'lis, incomplete fracture. F. 
penetrati'va or per'forans, perforating fracture; see 
Fracture, buttonhole. F. sim'ple, see Fracture. F. 
surcula'ria, fracture, greenstick. 
Frac'ture. Solution of continuity in a bone. Sim- 
ple fracture is when the bone only is divided; com- 
pound fracture is a division of the bone with a 
wound of the integuments communicating with it, 
the bone, indeed, generally protruding. In com- 
minuted fracture the bone is broken into several 
pieces; and in complicated fracture there is, in 
addition to the injury of the bone, a lesion of some 
considerable vessel, nerve-trunk, etc. In impacted 
fracture one end of the bone is driven into another. 
Fractures are termed transverse, oblique, etc. accord- 
ing to their direction. The treatment of fractures 
consists, in general, in reducing the fragments when 
displaced, maintaining them when reduced, prevent- 
ing the symptoms which may be likely to arise, and 
combating them when they occur. Eeduction of frac- 
tures must be effected by extension, counter-exten- 
sion, and coaptation. The parts are kept in apposition 
by position, rest, and an appropriate apparatus. F., 
Bar'ton's, see F. of radius. F., bent, F., greenstick. 
F., but'tonhole, perforating fracture; incomplete 
fracture from a sabre blow or gunshot wound, in 
which a piece is fairly punched out from a bone. F., 
cam'erated, camerosis. F., cap'illary, F., linear. F., 
Colles's, fracture of lower end of radius, transverse or 
oblique, with displacement of lower fragment back- 
ward. F., com'minuted, see Fracture. F., compli- 
cated, see Fracture. F., composite, F., multiple. 
F., compound, see Fracture. F., cuPeated or cu'- 
neiform, v-shaped or wedge-shaped fracture at articu- 
lar extremity of the bone. F., depressed, fracture in 
which a fragment is depressed below the natural sur- 
face. F., direct, fracture occurring directly at point 
of injury. F., Dupuytren's, fracture of inferior ex- 
tremity of fibula, the foot being dislocated outward 
and backward. F., epiphyse'al, diastasis. F., extra- 
cap'sular, F. of neck of humerus or femur outside 
the capsular ligament. F., fis'sured, F., linear. F., 
Gosselin's, wedge-shaped fracture of inferior ex- 
tremity of tibia extending into the ankle-joint. F., 
green'stick, incomplete fracture of long bone in 
childhood, in which the central earthy part may be 
broken, while the surrounding membranous part re- 
tains its continuity; the bone being only bent, not 
separated. F., hair, F., linear. F., hick'ory-stick, 
F., greenstick. F., impact'ed, fracture in which the 
extremity of one fractured bone is driven tightly into 
the other. F., incomplete', form of fracture in which 
the bone is not broken completely across. F., indirect, 
F. occurring at a distance more or less remote from 
application of force producing the injury. F., intra- 
artic'ular, F. involving a joint. F., intracap'sular, 
F. of neck of humerus or femur within the capsular 
ligament. F., intra-u'terine, F. of some part of the 
foetus. F. lin'ear, F. in a direct line, without appar- 
ent displacement of fragments of the bone. F., lon- 
gitu'dinal, F. on the long axis of a bone. F., mul- 
tiple, F. of a bone in different places, or of several FRACTURE-BOX 
bones in one place or more. F., oblique, see Fracture. 
F., open, F., compound. F., par'tial, F., incomplete. 
F., pen'etrating or perforated, F. with perforation, 
as by a bullet or other missile; F., buttonhole. F., 
perforating, F., buttonhole. F., Pott's, fracture of 
the fibula with displacement of the tibia, the foot 
being turned outward. F. of the ra'dius, Bar'ton's, 
Barton's fracture ; fracture of the lower extremity of 
the radius, commencing at the articular surface and 
extending upward for an inch or more, to terminate 
on the dorsal aspect. Owing to the extensor muscles 
drawing up the separated portion of the bone, and 
with it the carpus, a deformity results often con- 
founded with dislocation. It was first well described 
by Dr. John Rhea Barton of Philadelphia. F. of the 
ra'dius, Col'les's, Colles's fracture; fracture of the 
radius about an inch and a half above the radio- 
carpal articulation, well described by Prof. Colles of 
Dublin. F., Salfswitch, longitudinal fracture or 
splitting of the bone of the arm. F., sec'ondary, F. 
following some other lesion of the bone. F., sil'ver- 
fork, F. of radius, Colles's. F., sim'ple, see Fracture. 
F., spi'ral, twisted f. of long bone. F., splint'ered, 
F., comminuted ; splintering of bone without fracture 
of the body of the bone. F., spontaneous, F. from 
slight injury, the bone being already diseased. F., 
stel'late, star-like fracture of a bone. F., subcuta'- 
neous, simple fracture that has no communication 
with the exterior of the body. F., tor'sion, F., spiral. 
F., trans'verse, see Fracture. F., V-shaped or wedge- 
shaped, F. usually at articular extremity of long bone, 
having shape implied in its name, but not necessarily 
involving the joint. 
Frac'ture-box. Box for retaining a fractured limb 
in position. 
Frae'na (pl. of Fraenum) Morgagn'ii. F. of the 
valve of Bauhin. F. of the valve of Bau'hin, name 
given by Morgagni to the projecting lines formed by 
the junction of the extremities of the two lips of the 
ileoccecal valve, frsena or retinacula Morgagnii. 
Fraen'ula (pl. of Fraenulum) a'ry-epiglot'tica. 
Aryteno-epiglottic folds. F. glosso-epiglot'tica, glos- 
so-epiglottic folds. F. lablo'rum, fraenum labiorum. 
F. lin'gulae, processes associating lingula of cere- 
bellum with lateral hemispheres. F. of lips, fraenum 
labiorum. F. val'vulae co'li, fraena of valve of Bau- 
hin. 
Frae'nulum (dim. of Fraenum). See Frsenum and 
Bridle. F. cer'ebri, F. veli medullaris anterioris. F. 
clitor'idis, fraenum clitoridis. F. epiglot'tidis, glosso- 
epiglottic ligament. F. glan'dis, fraenum penis. F. 
lablo'rum, fourchette. F. lin'guae, fraenum linguae. 
F. lin'guae posterio'ris or poste'rius, glosso-epiglottic 
ligament. F. lin'guise, F. veli medullaris anterioris. 
F. no'vum, taenia semicircularis. F. praepu'tii, frae- 
num penis. F. puden'di, fourchette. F. of valve of 
Vieus'sens, F. veli medullaris anterioris. F. ve'll 
medulla'ris anterio'ris, narrow slip given off by the 
commissure of the encephalic testes, which strengthens 
the junction of the testes with the valve of Vieussens. 
F. vul'vae, fourchette. 
Frae'num. A bridle; membranous folds which 
bridle and retain various organs. F. clitor'idis, 
slight duplicature formed by the union of the inter- 
nal portions of the upper extremity of the nymphae. 
F. epiglot'tidis, glosso-epiglottic ligament. F. glan'- 
dis, F. penis. F. labio'rum, there are two of these, 
one for the upper, the other for the lower lip, uniting 
these parts to the maxillary bone; they are formed 
by the mucous membrane of the mouth. Fourchette. 
F. lin'guse, triangular reflection formed by the mu- 
cous membrane of the mouth, and situate between the 
inferior paries of that cavity and the inferior surface 
of the tongue. When the fraenum extends as far as 
the extremity of the tongue, it cramps its movements, 
interferes with sucking, etc.-an inconvenience reme- 
died by carefully snipping it with scissors. F. pe'nis, 
membranous reflection which fixes the prepuce to the 
lower part of the glans. When too short it prevents 
the prepuce from sliding over the glans. F. praepu'- 
tii, F. penis. 
457 
r FRASERA 
Fragaria, frag-ah're-ah (fragro, to smell sweetly). 
Strawberry, ord. Eosaceae. Fruit is agreeable and 
wholesome, and the roots have been esteemed tonic 
and slightly diuretic. F. anseri'na, Potentilla an- 
serina. F. In'dica, indigenous plant, root and leaves 
of which are astringent and diuretic. F. pentaphyl'- 
lum, Potentilla reptans. F. tormentil'la officina'lis, 
tormentilia. F. ves'ca or vulga'ris, wood or English 
strawberry; rhizome is diuretic. F. Virginia'na, 
Wild strawberry; indigenous plant with astringent 
leaves. 
Fragilitas, fraj-il'it-as (fragilis, brittle). Fragility, 
brittleness. State of being easily broken or torn. F. 
crin'ium, brittleness of the hair. F. os'sium, brit- 
tleness of the bones, friability of the bones; extreme 
facility with which bones break in certain diseases of 
the osseous texture, owing to a deficiency of the 
animal matter. 
Fragility, fraj-il'it-e. See Fragilitas. 
Frag'ment (frango, to break). Portion of a frac- 
tured bone. 
Fragmentation, frag-men-ta'shun. Division into 
fragments; referring to cell or nuclear division or 
disintegration. 
Frag'um. Fruit of fragaria or strawberry. 
Frambce'sia or Frambe'sia. Hard papillary growth, 
as in lupus, syphilis, sycosis, etc.; yaws, epian, pian. 
Disease of the Antilles and of Africa, characterized 
by tumors, of a contagious character, resembling 
strawberries, raspberries, or champignons; ulcerating 
and accompanied by emaciation. F. America'na or 
Guineen'sis, yaws; see Frambcesia. F. Illyr'ica, scher- 
lievo. F. non-syphilit'ica, variety of frambcesia on 
back of head and neck, met with in some parts of 
Europe. F. Sco'tica, sibbens. F. syphilitica, pem- 
phigus foliaceus vegetans. F. tropica, endemic form 
of frambcesia occurring in tropical regions. 
Franciscea or Franciscia uniflora, fran-sis'se-ah 
u-ni-flo'rah. Manaca, of Brazil; bark is diuretic, pur- 
gative, emmenagogue, antispyhilitic; employed also 
in chronic rheumatism. A powerful alkaloid derived 
from its root is called Francisceine. 
Francoa appendiculata, fran'ko-ah ap-pen-dik-u- 
lat'ah. Plant of Chili, the juice of which is astrin- 
gent, and applied to hemorrhoids, as is also the juice 
of F. sonchifolia, which has the same habitat. 
Frangula, fran'gu-lah (frango, to break). Bark of 
Ehamnus frangula. F. al'nus, Ehamnus frangula. F. 
Califor'nica, Ehamnus Californica. F. Carolinia'na, 
Ehamnus Caroliniana. F. Purshia'na, Ehamnus Pur- 
shiana. F. vulga'ris, Ehamnus frangula. 
Frangulin, fran'gu-lin. C20H20O10. Glucoside from 
the bark of Ehamnus frangula; purgative. 
Frankenia grandiflora, frank-en'e-ah grand-e-flo'- 
rah. Yerba rheuma. California herb, astringent and 
aromatic. Used externally for injections in catarrhal 
and other conditions of external organs. 
Frank'fort agree'ment. General understanding 
as to the methods of measuring skulls made at Frank- 
fort Congress of Anthropology in 1882. F. green, 
arsenite of copper. F. plane, cranial plane formed 
by lines projected from the upper border of the ex- 
ternal opening of the external auditory meatus to the 
lower border of the orbit. F. pro'file line, line drawn 
through intersuperciliary point (point where the line 
drawn between the middle of the superciliary arches 
crosses the median line) and the alveolar point (cen- 
tre of the anterior border of the upper alveolar 
arch). 
Frankincense (frank'in-sense), African or Ara'- 
bian. Daniellia thurifera. F., com'mon, see Pinus 
abies. F. tree, Daniellia thurifera. F., true, Junipe- 
rus lycia; olibanum. 
Franklinism, frank'lin-izm. Static electricity. 
Frankliniza'tion. Therapeutic employment of 
Franklinism or static electricity. 
' Frasera, fra-ze'rah (after John Fraser, a botanical 
collector). American calumba ; F. Walteri. F. Caro- 
linen'sis, see Calumba. F. oflicina'lis, see Calumba. 
F. verticilla'ta, American calumba. F. Walteri, see 
Calumba. FRATER UTERINUS 
Fra'ter uteri'nus (uterine brother). Twin brother 
in the uterus. 
Frater'nitas or Fratratio, frat-rah'she-o (frater, 
brother). Consanguinity of parts in health or dis- 
ease. 
Frax'in. Glucoside from Fraxinus excelsior and 
2Esculus; bitter. 
Fraxinel'la (dim. of Fraxinus) al'ba, F. dictam'- 
nus, F. pu'mila, F., white, Dictamnus albus. 
Fraxinin, fraks'in-in. Bitter principle (C42H23O27) 
from the bark of Fraxinus excelsior. 
Frax'inite. Extract from the leaves of Fraxinus 
excelsior; purgative. 
Frax'inus acumina'ta or F. America'na. White 
ash. Bitter and astringent bark has been used as 
antiperiodic and in dysmenorrhoea. F. apet'ala, F. 
au'rea, F. cris'pa, F. Europse'a, F. excel'sa, F. 
excelsior. F. excel'sior, systematic name of the 
European ash tree. The fresh bark has a moderately 
strong, bitterish taste, and has been said to be a re- 
solvent, diuretic, and antiperiodic. It has been given 
in intermittents and in gout and rheumatism, and 
as an antidote to serpent-bites. The seeds, called 
bird's tongue, are diuretic. The acid of the wood is 
diaphoretic. F. florif'era, F. ornus. F. juglandi- 
fo'lia, green ash of N. America; bark and fruit 
are diuretic and antisyphilitic. F. Macedo'nica, 
F. excelsior. F. or'nus, flowering or manna ash. 
Systematic name of the trees whence manna flows. 
In Sicily F. rotundifolia and F. excelsior are also 
regularly cultivated for the purpose of procuring 
manna, their condensed juice. Manna is inodorous, 
sweetish, and very slightly bitter; in friable, whitish, 
or pale yellow flakes, soluble in water and alcohol. 
It is laxative, and a purgative for children, who take 
it readily on account of its sweetness. The dose is 
§ss to Its immediate principle is mannite or 
mannin; used as a substitute for manna. F. panicu- 
la'ta, F. ornus. F. quadrangula'ta, blue ash, indige- 
nous, ord. Oleacese. F. rotundifo'lia, F. ornus. F. 
sambucifo'lia, black or water ash, of U. States and 
Canada; tonic and astringent. F. vlr'idls, F. jug- 
landifolia. 
Freck'le. Eruption of lentigo. F. moth, chloasma. 
F., sun, lentigo. 
Fremissement (F.) fra-mece'mong. Fremitus, 
thrill, tremor, purr, vibration. 
Fremitus, frem'it-us (fremo, to murmur). Vibra- 
tion ; thrill, as that conveyed by voice, friction, etc., 
to listener or percussor over the chest. F., aneu- 
rys'mal, aneurysmal thrill. F., bronch'ial, sound of 
bronchial rale heard through the wall of the chest. 
F., cav'ernous, sound of vibration of fluid in cavity 
of lungs heard upon auscultation of chest. F., endo- 
car'dial, thrill of interior of heart heard on auscul- 
tation. F. feli'nus, purring thrill or tremor felt by 
hand placed over prsecordial region during ossifica- 
tion or contraction of auriculo-ventricular openings. 
F., fric'tion, thrill perceptible to the hands in many 
cases of pleurisy, when the surfaces have become 
roughened from deposition, as well as in rare cases 
of pericarditis. In the former case it is called the 
pleural, in the latter the pericardial friction fremi- 
tus. F., hydat'id, thrill noticed in percussion over 
hydatid tumors. F., pec'toral, pectoral or tactile 
vibration; obscure diffused resonance of the voice 
felt when the hand is applied to the chest. F., peri- 
car'dial, see F, friction. F., pleu'ral, friction sound 
of the pleura heard on auscultation; see F., friction. 
F., res'piratory, sound heard on auscultation of the 
air-passages, caused by contraction of calibre or other 
causes. F., rhonch'al or rhonch'ial, sound caused by 
the vibration of the bronchial tubes, appreciable on 
the surface of the chest, from sibilant, sonorous, and 
mucous rhonchi. F., vo'cal, thrill felt by the hand 
placed over the chest, modified by the greater or less 
elasticity of the air-cells and tissue of the lungs, and 
other causes; the fremitus being lessened after pleu- 
risy, and augmented when the pulmonary tissue is 
thickened, as in pneumonia. F., pectoral. 
Fre'na (Pl. of Frenum). See Fruena and Alveolus. 
FRIGORIFIC 
F. of ileo-cse'cal valve, fraena of valve of Bauhin. 
F. of lips, fraenum labiorum. F. Morgag'nii, fraena 
of valve of Bauhin. 
Frena'tor mus'cle. Muscle moving head of atlas 
and axis. F. nerve, inhibitory nerve. 
French ber'ries. Fruit of rhamnus infectorius, 
of S. Europe. F. chalk, talc. F. crust, syphilis. 
F. distem'per, syphilis. F. lactuca'rium, thridace. 
F. lav'ender, lavandula stcechas. F. let'ter, condom. 
F. mar'igold, Tagetes erecta, T. patula. F. nut, 
Juglans regia. F. pox, syphilis. F. rhu'barb, root 
of Rheum rhaponticum ; used as a laxative in veter- 
inary medicine. 
Fren'ga. See Scherlievo. 
Frenula, fren'u-lah. Fraenula. 
Fren'ulum or Fre'num. Fraenulum. 
Frenzy, fren'ze. Phrenitis. See Mania. 
Fret. Chafing; intertrigo; tetter ; herpes. 
Fret'ting. Chafing; tormina. 
Fre'tum Hal'leri. Constricted portion of heart of 
foetus between ventricle and bulb of aorta. F. o'ris, 
isthmus of fauces. 
Freund's operation. Operation devised for total 
extirpation of the uterus through the abdomiual 
walls. 
Freziera theoides, frez-e-a'rah tha-o-e'dees. W. 
Indian plant, leaves of which are astringent. 
Friable, fri'a-b'l. Easily crushed or broken. 
Fri'ar's balzsam. Tinctura benzoini composita. 
F.'s caps, Aconitum napellus. F.'s el'bow, Thevetia 
iccotli. 
Fricatio, frik-ash'e-o (frico, to rub). Friction. 
Frica'tor (frico, to rub). See Shampooing. One who 
practises massage. Masturbator. 
Fricato'rium. Liniment, 
Fricatrix, frik-at'riks. Female who practises mas- 
sage. Female who acts as a male with another fe- 
male. 
Fricke's episior'rhaphy. Denudation of both labia 
majora and union by sutures for cure of prolapse of 
the vagina and uterus, and for the restoration of the 
vaginal sphincter apparatus. 
Frictio, frik'she-o. Friction. F. hu'mida, moist 
friction. F. sic'ca, dry friction. 
Fric'tion. Action of rubbing-as of a part of the 
surface of the body-more or less forcibly to excite 
action of the skin, with the hands, a brush, flannel, 
etc., dry friction or rubbing; or with ointments, lin- 
iments, tinctures, etc., moist friction or rubbing. F. 
frem/ltus, see Fremitus. F. sound, rubbing sound, as 
of inflamed serous membranes against one another, 
such as the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, etc. 
Fric'tional electric'ity. Static electricity. 
Fric'trix. Female who practises massage; female 
who acts as a male with another female. 
Fric'tum. Liniment. 
Friedreich's (freed'reich's) disease. Hereditary 
locomotor ataxia. F.'s sign, symptom occurring in 
adhesive pericarditis, characterized by collapse of the 
cervical veins during diastole. 
Frigefacientia, frig-e-fas-e-en'she-ah (frigus, cold, 
facio, to make). Refrigerants. 
Fright, precor'dial. Intense feeling of anxiety 
over the precordial region, dependent on disorder of 
pneumogastric nerve and sympathetic system. 
Frigid, frij'id (frigeo, to be cold). Cold; not easily 
moved to sexual desire; impotent. 
Frigidarium, frij-id-ar'e-um. Cold bath or cold 
apartment of a bath. 
Frigidity, frij-id'it-e. Sensation of cold; impotence 
and sterility. 
Frigidus, frij'id-us. Frigid. 
Frigorific, frig-or-if'ik (frigus, cold, fio, to become). 
That which has the power of producing cold. The 
effects of frigorific mixtures are owing to the rapid 
absorption of heat when solids pass into the liquid 
state. They are made by the addition of various 
substances to snow or pounded ice, such as sodium 
chloride, ammonium chloride, potassium nitrate, am- 
monium nitrate, calcium chloride, mineral acids, etc., 
or by the rapid solution of various salts, without the 
458 FRIGUS 
use of snow or ice. The salts must be finely powdered 
and dry. 
Frigus, frig'us. Cold; chill. F. feb'rium, chill of 
fever. F. tenzue, slight chill. 
Fringe flow'er or tree. Chionanthus Virginica; 
indigenous; bark is cathartic and diuretic. F., Ha- 
ver'sian or syno'vial, vascular fringe passing from 
synovial membranes into an articular cavity. 
Fringed. Laciniated; fimbriated. 
Fritch's disease. Colporrhaphy of posterior wall 
of vagina. 
Fritillaria (frit-il-lar'e-ah) corona'ria or imperia'- 
lis. Crown imperial of Persia; nectar of flower is 
emetic. Alkaloid obtained from it is called Imperial- 
ine. F. melea'gris, checkered daffodil; has same 
properties as F. coronaria. 
Frog lil'y. Nuphar advena. 
Frog'face. Appearance of nose and face resem- 
bling that of a frog, a result of some forms of nasal 
polypus. 
Frog'flower. Ranunculus. 
Frog'leaf. Brasenia hydropeltis. 
Frog'tongue. Ranula. 
Frog'wart. Orchis mascula and other species of 
orchis; Ranunculus hederaceus. 
Frons. Front; forehead. 
Front. Anterior part, as of a body or organ. Fore- 
head, brow; part of the visage extending from one 
temple to the other, and comprised in a vertical 
direction between the roots of the hair and the 
superciliary ridges. 
Fron'tal. Relating or belonging to the front, fore- 
head, or frontal bone. F. an'gle, angle formed be- 
tween horizontal plane and plane of direction of 
forehead. Angle formed by lines projected from mid- 
dle point of upper edge of external auditory meatus 
to glabella and bregma. Angle formed by lines pro- 
jected from metopion to bregma and nasion. Antero- 
superior angle of parietal bone. F. arc, arc on exte- 
rior of cranium between bregma and nasion. F. 
a'rea, region in cranium extending from supraor- 
bital arch to coronal suture. F. ar'tery, this is 
given off by the ophthalmic, itself a branch of the 
internal carotid. It makes its exit from the skull at 
the upper part of the base of the orbit, and ascends 
the forehead between the bone and the orbicularis 
palpebrarum, dividing into three or four branches 
distributed to neighboring muscles. Branches of the 
cerebral arteries to supply the frontal lobe are also 
called frontal arteries. F. ar'tery, exter'nal, supra- 
orbital artery. F. bone, double bone in the foetus, 
single in the adult, situate at the base of the cra- 
nium and at the superior part of the face. It forms 
the vault of the orbit; it lodges the ethmoid bone in 
a notch at its middle part, and is articulated, be- 
sides, with the sphenoid, parietal, nasal, lacrymal, 
superior maxillary, and malar bones. F. cells, eth- 
moidal cells completed by union with portion of fron- 
tal bone. F. convolutions, convolutions of frontal 
lobe of cerebral hemispheres; they are the superior, 
middle, and inferior, or first, second, and third frontal 
convolutions. F. crest, ridge on internal surface of 
os frontis for attachment of falx cerebri. F. diam/e- 
ters, diameters of frontal region. F. eminence, 
prominent part of forehead, indicating seat of embry- 
onic formation of os frontis; F. protuberance. F. 
flex'ure, bend between metencephalon and myen- 
cephalon in embryonic life. F. font'anelle, anterior 
fontanelle. F. fur'row, groove extending upward 
from the frontal spine, and becoming gradually larger 
in its course, to lodge the upper part of the superior 
longitudinal sinus and to give attachment to the falx 
cerebri. F. gyzri, F. convolutions. F. in'dex, pro- 
portion between maximum and minimum frontal 
diameters, taking the maximum at 100; or between 
maximum transverse diameter and minimum frontal, 
taking the former at 100. F. lobe, anterior and 
superior part of the cerebral hemispheres. F. 
mus'cle, anterior portion of occipito-frontalis mus- 
cle. F. nerve, this is the greatest of the three 
branches of the ophthalmic nerve-the first division 
459 
• FRONTO-ORBITAL 
of the fifth pair. It proceeds along the superior 
paries of the orbit, and divides into two branches; 
the one, internal, making its exit from the orbitar 
fossa, passing beneath the pulley of the oblique 
muscle; the other, external, issuing from the same 
cavity by the foramen orbitarium superius. F. nerve, 
exter'nal, supraorbital nerve. F. nerve, inter'nal, 
supratrochlear nerve. F. pro'cess, superior angle 
of malar bone. Occasional prolongation of tem- 
poral to frontal bone. F. protuberance, protuber- 
ance of the frontal bone above the superciliary arch ; 
F. eminence. F. semicir'cular canal, superior semi- 
circular canal of labyrinth. F. si'nuses, two deep 
cavities in the substance of the frontal bone, 
separated from each other by a median septum, and 
opening below into the anterior cells of the ethmoid 
bone. F. spine, situate in the middle of the under 
part of the bone, and formed by the coalescence of 
the inner tables for the attachment of the falx cere- 
bri. F. sul'ci, furrows or sulci on superior surface 
of frontal cerebral lobe; see Frontal furrow. F. su'- 
ture, vertical suture between two halves of frontal 
bone in foetal life. F. tract, fibres from frontal lobe 
on middle part of the crusta. F. tri'angle, triangle 
having its apex at metopion (point of crossing of 
intertuberal and median lines) and its base at the 
superior facial diameter (that measured between ex- 
ternal extremities of fronto-malar sutures). F. tuber- 
os'ity, frontal protuberance. F. vein, vein from 
cranial plexus terminating in the angular vein. F. 
ver'tebra, in embryonic life, combination of pre- 
sphenoid bone, orbito-sphenoid bones, and frontal 
bone. 
Frontale, fron-tal'e. Medicine applied to the fore- 
head ; frontal bone. 
Fronta'lis. Surgeons have given this name to 
a bandage or topical application to the forehead. F. 
mus'cle, frontal muscle. F. et occipita'lis, occipito- 
frontalis. 
Fron'to-alve'olar in'dex. Relation of extreme 
width of alveolar arch of superior maxillary bone to 
smallest frontal diameter, which is taken at 100. 
Fronto-ante'rior. Occipito-posterior ; position of 
foetal head during labor in which the forehead pre- 
sents at entrance to pelvis. 
Fronto-cerebel'lar fi/bres. Frontal tract of antero- 
inferior portion of crura cerebri. 
Fronto-cot/yloid. Relating to the forehead and 
acetabulum, as f.-c. presentation. 
Frontodym'ia. See Cephalodymia and Cephalopagus. 
Fronto-ethmoid'al fora'men. Caecum foramen (of 
frontal bone). 
Fronto-glabel'lar an'gle. Relation of prominence 
of frontal protuberance and glabella. 
Fronto-go'nial in'dex. Relation of inferior facial 
and smallest frontal diameters, latter being taken at 
100. 
Fronto-lac'rymal. Relating to forehead and lacry- 
mal bone. 
Fronto-lat'eral sul'cus. Oblique sulcus passing 
in front of anterior extremity of inferior frontal 
furrow. 
Fronto-ma'lar diam'eter, or'bital. Space between 
opposite external orbital points. F.-m. in'dex, rela- 
tion of smallest frontal diameter to diameter between 
malar points, latter being taken at 100. F.-m. su'ture, 
suture between frontal and malar bones. 
Fronto-mar'ginal sul'cus. Furrow on superior sur- 
face of cerebral hemispheres, being apparently the 
prolongation obliquely of the superior frontal furrow. 
Fronto-max'illary in'dex. Ratio of middle ante- 
rior facial diameter to smallest frontal diameter, tak- 
ing latter at 100. 
Fronto-men'tal diam'eter. Space between frontal 
tuberosity and mental point. 
Fronto-na'sal mus'cle. Pyramidalis nasi. F.-n. 
nerve, supratrochlear nerve. 
Fronto-na'so-max'illary. Relating to frontal, nasal, 
and maxillary bones. 
Fronto-nu'chal. Relating to forehead and nucha. 
Fronto-or'bital. Relating to forehead and orbit. FRONTO-PARIETAL 
Fronto-pari'etal in'dex. Frontal index. F.-p. 
su'ture, coronal suture. 
Fronto-sphenoid'al. Eelating to frontal and sphe- 
noid bones. 
Fronto-tem'poral. Eelating to frontal and tem- 
poral bones. 
Fronto-zygomat'ic in'dex. Eatio of superior fron- 
tal diameter to maximum width between zygomatic 
arches. 
Frost'bite. Effect of extreme cold on the skin or 
other part of the body, such as dermatitis and gan- 
grene. See Congelation. 
Frost'grapes. Vitis cordifolia. 
Frost'plant. Helianthemum Canadense. 
Frost'weed. Erigeron Philadelphicum, Helianthe- 
mum Canadense. 
Frost'wort. Helianthemum Canadense. 
Froth'y. Epithet given to the faeces or sputa when 
mixed with air. 
Fructification, fruk-tif-ik-a'shun (fructus, facio, to 
make). Fecundation or reproduction in the animal. 
Fructus, fruk'tus. Fruit. F. anacar'dii, cashew 
nut. F. ane'thi, dill fruit. F. ani'si vulga'ris, 
anise. F. a'pii, celery seed. F. auran'tii, bitter or- 
ange. F. auran'tii dul'cis, sweet orange. F. ave'- 
nse, oats. F. ave'nse excortica'tus, groats. F. be'lse, 
bael fruit. F. can'nabis, hempseed. F. cap'sici, 
capsicum. F. cardamo'mi, cardamom. F. ca'ricse, 
fig. F. car'ui, caraway. F. cas'sise, cassia fistula. 
F. chenopo'dii anthelmin'tici, chenopodium. F. 
cit'ri, lemon. F. coc'culi, cocculus indicus. F. col- 
ocyn'thidis, colocynth. F. coni'i, fruit of Conium 
maculatum. F. corian'dri, coriander. F. cube'bse, 
cubeb. F. cydo'nise, quince. F. cymi'ni, cumin. 
F. dau'ci, carrot fruit. F. foenic'uli, fennel. F. 
fcenic'uli aquat'ici, phellandrium. F. horae'i, fruit 
(summer); see Fructus. F. immatu'rus, abortion. F. 
junip'eri, juniper. F. lau'ri, laurel fruit. F. lu'puli, 
hops. F. papav'eris, capsules of poppy. F. petro- 
seli'ni, parsley fruit. F. rham'ni cathar'ticse, buck- 
thorn berries. F. sambu'ci, fruit of Sambucus nigra. 
F. trit'ici, wheat. 
Frugivorus, fru-giv'or-us (fruges, fruits, voro, to 
eat). One that eats fruits. 
Fruit (fruor, to enjoy). In botany, the seed with 
its enclosing pericarp. In the ordinary acceptation, 
eatable seed-cases generally, such as require no prep- 
aration to render them fit for food. The cerealia af- 
ford highly nutritious fruits; summer fruits (fructus 
horsei), including strawberries, cherries, currants, rasp- 
berries, figs, grapes, etc., are refrigerant and grateful, 
but afford little nourishment. Also the foetus while 
contained in the womb of the mother. 
Fruitillaria Thunbergii, frute-il-lar'e-ah thun- 
bur'je-e. Bai-mo. Corm of this plant is employed in 
China for rheumatism and painful joint affections, 
and in Japan for cure of ulcers. 
Fruit-sugar. Glucose. 
Fru'men. Pharynx ; oesophagus. 
Fru'ment (frumentum, wheat or grain). Pottage 
made of wheat; food made of wheat boiled in milk. 
Frumen'tum. Any kind of grain from which 
bread is made, especially wheat; triticum. F. cor- 
nicula'tum, ergot; Triticum durum. F. cornu'tum, 
ergot. F. In'dicum, Zea mays. F. luxu'rians, ergot. 
F. Saracen'icum, buckwheat. F. temulen'tum, ergot. 
F. Tur'cicum, Zea mays. F. tur'gidum, ergot. 
Frumen'ty. Frument. 
Fuchsine, fu'seen. Rosein, Aniline red, Eosin, Ma- 
genta. Monohydrochlorate of rosaniline; reputed to 
be of value in the treatment of albuminuria in doses 
of gr. J to gr. iv; must be given with caution, as it 
sometimes contains arsenic. Employed in solution as 
a stain for microscopical sections, imparting an in- 
tense red hue to solutions; used also as a corrector 
of color-blindness; in large doses it is emeto-cathartic. 
Fucus, fu'kus (phukos, seaweed). F. vesiculosus; 
paint. F. amyla'ceus, edible or Ceylon moss, marine 
moss; nat. ord. Algae. It was introduced into Eng- 
land from India; is white, filiform, and fibrous, and 
has the usual odor of seaweeds; medical properties 
460 
FULMINANT 
are similar to those of Irish moss. F., blad'der, P. 
vesiculosus. F. caragheen', Chondrus crispus. F. 
crisp'us, chondrus (Ph. U. S.), Irish pearl, carrageen, 
carragaheen, or corrigeen moss. This fucus is found 
on the coasts of England, Ireland, Western France, 
Spain, and Portugal, and as far as the tropics; is also a 
native of the United States. In Ireland it is used by 
the poor as an article of diet. As met with in Amer- 
ica, it is light yellow, and resembles plates of horn, 
crisped and translucent. An agreeable jelly is ob- 
tained from it by boiling it in W'ater or milk, which 
forms a good article of diet for consumptives. Its 
properties are exactly like those of the Iceland moss. 
F. digita'tus, Laminaria digitata. F. eduTis, F. 
amylaceus. F. helminthocor'ton, Corallina Corsicana. 
F. Hiber'nicus, Chondrus crispus. F. infla'tus, F. 
vesiculosus. F. Irlan'dicus, F. crispus. F. lichenoi'- 
des, F. amylaceus. F. mari'nus, F. vesiculosus. F. 
na'tans, gulf-weed. F. palma'tus, Halymenia pal- 
matus. F., sac'charine, Ehodomela palmata. F. ser- 
ra'tus, serrated wrack ; cut-leaf; crabby ore. It 
contains iodine, and is therefore used for scrofulous 
swellings. F. spira'lis, F. vesiculosus. F. vesicula'- 
ris, F. vesiculosus. F. vesiculo'sus, Bladder fucus, 
Sea oak, Sea wrack, Yellow bladder wrack, Kelpware, 
Black tang, Cut weed, of Europe and America. Useful 
assistant to sea-water in the cure of disorders of 
the glands, and has been said to be efficacious in 
obesity. When the wrack, in fruit, is dried, cleaned, 
exposed to a red heat in a crucible with a perforated 
lid, and reduced to powder, it forms sethiops vege- 
tabilis, pulvis quercus marinse, used like the burnt 
sponge in bronchocele and other scrofulous swellings. 
Its efficacy depends on the iodine it contains. 
Fugacious, fu-ga'shus (fugio, to fly). Epithet for 
symptoms, as redness, swelling, etc., which appear and 
disappear almost immediately afterward; ephemeral. 
Fu'gax. Fugacious. 
Fuge (fugo, to expel). "An expeller;" common 
suffix having such a signification; hence febri/iqje, 
vermi/wge, etc., agents that drive away fever, expel 
worms, etc. 
Fugile (fu'jil-e) or Fugilia, fu-jil'lah. Cerumen 
of the ear; nebulous suspension in, or deposition 
from, the urine; abscess near the ear; abscess in 
general. 
Ful'gurant or Fulgurating, ful'gur-a-ting. Re- 
sembling a flash of lightning in suddenness, as pains 
of progressive locomotor ataxia. 
Fulgura'tion (fulgur, lightning). Effect of light- 
ning, either direct or indirect; condition in which 
fulgurating pains occur, as in progressive locomotor 
ataxia. 
Fuliginos'ity. See Fuliginous. 
Fuliginous, fu-lij'in-us (fuligo, soot). Having the 
color of soot, as the lips, teeth, or tongue when they 
assume a brownish color, or rather are covered with a 
coat of that color. The condition is called Fuligin- 
osity. 
Fuligo, fu-le'go. Soot. Wood-soot consists of vola- 
tile alkaline salt, empyreumatic oil, fixed alkali, etc. 
A tincture prepared from it has been used as an anti- 
spasmodic in hysterical cases; an ointment in some 
cutaneous affections. F. al'ba philosopho'rum, am- 
monii chloridum. 
Fuligokali, fu-le-gok'al-e (fuligo, soot, kali, potassa). 
Analogous preparation to anthrakokali, soot being 
used in the place of coal, and employed in the same 
diseases. Medical lye, soot tea, alkaline solution, 
dyspeptic lye, Physick's lye tea, has been used for 
many years in Philadelphia; made by mixing a 
quart of hickory ashes, half a pint of soot, and a 
gallon of boiling water, allowing the mixture to stand 
for twenty-four hours, and decanting. 
Full'ers' earth. Cimolia purpurescens. 
Fuir'ing. Massage of muscles against the bones 
under them. 
Ful'mar oil. Reddish oil obtained from fulmar 
petrel, off the northern coast of Great Britain ; anal- 
ogous to cod-liver oil. 
Ful'minant or Fulminating, ful'min-a-ting (fulmen, FULNESS 
lightning). Term applied to a disease occurring sud- 
denly, and proceeding rapidly to fatal termination. 
Ful'ness. Plenitude, plethora, repletion ; state of 
being filled. A feeling of weight or distension in the 
stomach or other part of the system. 
Ful'vous. Dark, dull, yellow color. 
Ful'wa butter. Fixed oil from seeds of Bassia 
butyracea, used in rheumatism. 
Fumaria, fu-mah're-ah {fumus, smoke). Fumitory, 
common fumitory. The plant is sedative, tonic and 
alterative, laxative and diuretic. The leaves are ex- 
tremely succulent, and have a bitter, somewhat saline 
taste. The infusion of the dried leaves and the 
expressed juice of the fresh plant are said to clear 
the skin of leprous disorders. F. bulbo'sa, the root 
of this plant is a variety of corydalis; emmenagogue 
and anthelmintic. F. ca'va, F. bulbosa. F. ma'jor, 
F. bulbosa. F. me'dia, fumaria. F. offlcina'lis, 
fumaria. F. parviflo'ra, plant of S. and W. Europe, 
resembling Fumaria officinalis. It is antiperiodic and 
anthelmintic, and used in some forms of skin dis- 
ease. F. tenuifo'lia, F. parviflora. 
Fumaric (fu-mar'ik) ac'id. Acid (ChHiOt) obtained 
from Fumaria officinalis, Cetraria islandica, and 
various fungi. 
Fume. Smoke or vapor. F. of the earth, Fumaria 
officinalis. 
Fumigatio, fu-me-gah'she-o (fumigo, to make 
smoke). Fumigation. F. antiloi'mica Gaubii, see 
Disinfection. F. Guytonien'sis, see Disinfection. F. 
Smythia'na, see Disinfection. 
Fumigation, fu-mig-a'shun. Operation of filling 
a circumscribed space with gas or vapor, with the in- 
tention either of purifying the air, of perfuming it, or 
of charging it with a substance proper for acting 
upon a part of the surface of the human body. 
Hence fumigations have been distinguished into 
aqueous, aromatic, sulphurous, mercurial, disinfect- 
ing, Guytonian, etc. Benzoin generally constitutes 
the chief ingredient in the fumigating pastilles, to 
which any variety of odoriferous substances may be 
added. F., chlo'rine, see Disinfection. F., ni/trous, 
see Disinfection. F., oxymuriat'ic, see Disinfection. 
F., sul'phurous, fumigation by means of burnt 
sulphur, used in various skin diseases and as a dis- 
infectant. 
Fu'migator. Apparatus for fumigation. 
Fumiter'ra or Fumitory, fu'mit-or-e. Fumaria. 
Fu'mus al'bus. Hydrargyrum. F. cit'rinus, sul- 
phur. F. ter'rse, fumaria. 
Funambulatio, fu-nam-bu-lah'she-o {funis, cord, 
ambulo, to walk). Exercise which consists in scaling 
ropes. 
Function, funk'shun {fungor, to act). Action of an 
organ or set of organs; any act necessary for accom- 
plishing vital phenomena. Function is a special 
office in the animal economy, having as its instru- 
ment an organ or apparatus of organs; thus, res- 
piration is a function. Vital functions are those es- 
sential to life, as innervation, circulation, respiration ; 
animal functions, those belonging to the encephalon- 
viz. the functions of the intellect, the affections, the 
voluntary motions; and natural functions, those re- 
lating to assimilation, such as the actions of the 
abdominal viscera, of the absorbent and exhalant 
vessels, etc. 
Functional, funk'shun-al. Relating or belonging 
to the function of an organ or to the functions in 
general. F. diseases, diseases that concern the 
function of an organ, not its structure. F. or Vi'tal 
phenomena, those produced by modification in the 
action of an organ or organs, in contradistinction to 
those of a material or physical character. 
Fun'da (a sling). Four-tailed bandage, composed 
of a fillet or long compress cleft at its extremities to 
within about two inches of its middle; used in dis- 
eases of the nose and chin and in fracture of the 
lower jaw. F. Gale'nae, maxilTse, or maxilla'rius, 
funda. F. Retz'ii, looplike process of lower band of 
anterior annular ligament of ankle, passing from fore 
part of os calcis, and binding down tendons of long 
461 
FUNGUS 
extensor of toes. F. superficia'lis vesi'cse, slinglike 
muscular masses near attachment of the urachus to 
the bladder. 
Fun'dal. Relating to the fundus uteri. 
Fundament, fun'dam-ent (fundus, the bottom). 
Anus. F., falling down of, prolapse of the bowel; 
proctocele. 
Fundamental. The sacrum has been called the 
fundamental bone, because it serves as a base to the 
vertebral column. The sphenoid bone is so denom- 
inated, from its being situate at the base of the cra- 
nium. F. fascic'ulus, bundle of fibres remaining in 
the anterior column of medulla spinalis and medulla 
oblongata after exclusion of the pyramidal tracts. 
Fundamen'tum. Fundament; foundation. F. cel- 
lulate, stroma. 
Fun'dus (bottom). Base of any organ ending in a 
neck or having an external aperture, as the bladder or 
uterus. Vulva. F. of blad'der, F. vesicse. F. of eye, 
F. oculi. F. of gall-blad'der, F. vesicae fellese. F. 
glands, tubular glands of cardiac extremity of 
stomach. F. oc'uli, bottom of cavity of globe of the 
eye, seen ophthalmoscopically. F. sac'ci lacryma'lis, 
upper end of lacrymal sac. F. of stom'ach, greater 
curvature of stomach. F. of u'rinary blad'der, F. 
vesicse. F. uteri, upper extremity or expanded por- 
tion of uterus. F. vagi'nse, upper extremity of vagina; 
see Vagina. F. ventric'uli, cardiac extremity of 
stomach. F. vesi'cse, broad part or base of bladder. 
F. vesi'cae fel'leae, upper expanded part of gall- 
bladder. 
Fu'nes (pl. of Funis) cor'dis. Columnae carneae. 
F. semicircula'res, semicircular canals. F. ventric'- 
uli, see Stomach. 
Fun'gating tu'mor. Tumor composed of exuberant 
granulations from a neglected sebaceous cyst whose 
contents have been discharged by ulceration. 
Fun'gi (pl. of Fungus). See Fungus. 
Fungiform, fun'je-form (fungus, mushroom, forma, 
shape). Having the shape of a mushroom. F. papil'lee, 
see Papillae of the tongue. 
Fun'goid (fungus, eidos, resemblance). Fungiform; 
having the shape of or growing like a mushroom, as 
the fungoid or fungiform papillae of the tongue. My- 
cetoid. F. degeneration of the endometrium, fun- 
gous projecting masses from the lining membrane of 
the uterus. F. disease, encephaloid. 
Fungos'ities, uterine. Fungoid degeneration of 
the endometrium. 
Fungosity, fun-gos'it-e. Quality of that which is fun- 
gous ; fungous excrescence. Fungosities or excessive 
granulations which arise in wounds or ulcers-proud 
flesh-are easily repressed by gentle compression, dry 
lint, cupri sulphas, or other gentle caustics. At times 
the more powerful agents are necessary, and some- 
times excision is required. F., urethral, urethral 
papilloma. 
Fun'gous. Having exuberant characters of fun- 
gosity or fungus. F. foot of In'dia, mycetoma. F. 
granulations, see Fungosity. 
Fun'gus (pl. Fungi). Mushroom order of plants, 
class Cryptogamia in the Linneean system. Some of 
the fungi, ord. Mucoracese, found as parasites in man 
and the mammalia are the following: Tricophyton 
tonsurans, on the hairy scalp; T. sporulo'ides, on ul- 
cers ; Microsporum Audouini, in the hair-follicles; M. 
mentagrophytes, at the roots of the hair; M. furfur, 
in the skin; Mucor mucedo, in a cavity of gangrene 
of the lung; Achorion Schdnleini, in the hairy scalp 
and hair-follicles; Aspergilli species, in the meatus 
auditorius externus; Puccinia favi, in favus; Oidium 
albicans, in aphthse. In pathology, fungus is com- 
monly used synonymously with fungosity. See Mycosis. 
F. al'bus salig'neus, Dsedalea suaveolens. F. artic'- 
uli, spina ventosa; fungous arthritis. F., bleed'ing, 
hsematodes fungus; medullary sarcoma. F. bovis'ta, 
lycoperdon. F. cancro'sus hsemato'des, heematodes 
f. F. cancro'sus medulla'ris, medullary sarcoma; 
see Encephaloid. F. cerebra'lis, medullary sarcoma. F. 
cer'ebri, fungous excrescence of the brain through an 
aperture in the cranium; hernia cerebri; see Encepha- FUNIC 
loid. F. chirurgo'rum, lycoperdon. F. cra'nii, fun- 
gous excrescence of cranial bones. F. cynosba'ti, 
bedeguar. F. disease of In'dia, see Mycetoma. F. of 
du'ra ma'ter, fungous tumor arising from the dura 
mater. F., er'got, Claviceps purpurea. F. fagino'sus, 
MoTchella esculenta. F. fis'sion, see Schizomycetes. F., 
fly, Agaricus muscarius. F. foot, mycetoma. F. germ, 
blastomycetes. F. hsemato'des, hsematodes fungus; 
medullary sarcoma; cavernous angeioma. F. igni- 
a'rius, Boletus igniarius. F. lar'icis, Boletus laricis. 
F. of Mal'ta, Cynomorion coccineum. F. mam'mze, 
cancer of the breast. F. medulla'ris, medullary sar- 
coma ; see Encephaloid. F. melano'des, cancer, 
melanotic. F. Melitenzsis, Cynomorion coccineum. 
F. musca'rius, fly agaric. F., parasit'ic, F. on the 
living body; saprophyte. F. petrse'us mari'nus, 
Umbilicus marinus. F. porrig'inis, see Porrigo 
favosa. F. querci/nus, Boletus igniarius. F. rosa'- 
rum, bedeguar. F. sal'icis, Dsedalea suaveolens. F. 
sambu'ci or sambuci'nus, Peziza auricula. F. seca'- 
lis, ergot. F., split, schizomycetes. F., su'gar, sac- 
charomyces cerevisife. F. test for su'gar, see Sugar. 
F. tes'tis, fungus of testicle; may be malign or 
malignant; hernia testis. F. of thrush, oidium 
albicans. F. umbilica'lis, fungus of stump of umbili- 
cal cord in new-born children. F. vasculo'sus, nsevus 
vascularis. 
Fu'nic or Funic'ular (funis, a cord). Relating to 
the funis umbilicalis or umbilical cord, as the funic- 
ular process of the peritoneum. F. ar'tery, cremas- 
teric artery. F. bel'low's sound, mur'mur, or souffle, 
see Bellow's sound, funic. 
Funiculi (fu-nik'u-le) (pl. of Funiculus) grac'iles. 
Posterior median columns or fasciculi of the medulla 
oblongata. Along the posterior border of each corpus 
restiforme, and separated from it by a groove, is a 
narrow white cord, separated from its fellow by the 
fissura longitudinalis posterior. The pair of cords 
are the funiculi graciles. Each funiculus forms an 
enlargement-processus clavatus-at its upper end, 
and is then lost in the corpus restiforme. F. of 
medul'la oblonga'ta, F. graciles. F. of medul'la 
spina'lis, columns of spinal cord. F. sil'lquee, lon- 
gitudinal fibres in the groove separating the corpus 
olivare from the corpus pyramidale and corpus resti- 
forme. They enclose the base of the corpus olivare, 
those lying on its inner side forming the funiculus 
internus, and those on its outer side the funiculus 
externus. 
Funiculi'tls. Inflammation of the umbilical cord 
or of the spermatic cord. 
Funiculus, fu-nik'u-lus (dim. of Funis). Cord; 
bundle of fibres of nerves; column of spinal cord; 
umbilical cord. F. ante'rior (of the spinal marrow), 
anterior column of spinal cord; see Nerve and Columns 
of spinal cord. F. an'tero-latera'lis, lateral column 
of spinal cord. F. brach'ii, median vein of arm. 
F., Bur'dach's, F. cuneatus. F. cerebra'lis, anterior 
column of spinal cord. F. cine'reus, gray column of 
spinal cord. F. cunea'tus or cuneifor'mis, collection 
of fibres on outer side of funiculi graciles, continuous 
below with lateral posterior column of spinal cord, 
and above with the restiform body. Bundles of white 
fibres of the funiculi graciles and cuneati making up 
the posterior column of the medulla oblongata are 
prolonged below, as those of the posterior column of 
the cord. The lateral cuneate funiculus is also called F. 
of Rolando. F. dorsa'lis, spinal cord. F. exter'nus, 
see Funiculi siliquse. F. furca'lis, form of divergent or 
forked insertion of the umbilical cord, the vessels pass- 
ing into the placenta at different points. F. grac'ilis, 
see Funiculi graciles. F. gris'ens, gray column of 
spinal cord. F. Hippoc'ratis, tendo Achillis. F. 
innomina'tus, fasciculus teres. F. inter'nus, see 
Funiculi siliquse. F. latera'lls, lateral column of 
spinal cord. F. ligamento'sus, ligament between the 
styloid process of ulna and cuneiform and pisiform 
bones. F. longitudina'lis, fasciculus teres. F. me'- 
dius, lateral column of spinal cord. F. ner'veus, 
habena. F. oliva'ris, lateral column of spinal cord 
prolonged upward into the medulla oblongata. F. 
462 
! FURFURINE 
ova'lis, F. olivaris. F. posterior, posterior column 
of spinal cord ; see Column and Nerve. F. pyramida'- 
lis, pyramid of spinal cord; see Pyramid. F. resti- 
for'mis, restiform body. F. Rolan'di or Rolando, F. 
cuneatus. F. sacra'lis, portion of sympathetic nerve 
distributed to the pelvis. F. scle'rse or sclerot'icae, 
bundle of connective-tissue fibres following the course 
of the short ciliary arteries. F. solita'rius, solitary 
bundle; respiratory fasciculus. F. spermat'icus, 
spermatic cord. F. spina'lis, spinal cord. F. te'res, 
fasciculus teres. F. transver'sus, anterior cerebral 
commissure. F. tu'beris, infundibulum. F. tym'- 
pani, chorda tympani. F. umbilicalis or umbilica'- 
ris, umbilical cord; navel-string; cordlike substance 
extending from the placenta to the umbilicus of the 
foetus; composed of the amnion, an albuminous secre- 
tion called the jelly of the cord, cellular substance, 
an umbilical vein, and two umbilical arteries. The 
former conveys the blood from the placenta to the 
foetus; the latter return it. All these parts are sur- 
rounded by a sheath-investiture, or vagina funiculi 
umbilicalis. The usual length of the cord is from 
sixteen to twenty-two inches. F. u'teri, round liga- 
ment of uterus. F. varico'sus, cirsocele. 
Fu'nis. Cord; umbilical cord. See Laqueus. F. ar- 
gente'us, medulla spinalis. F. Hippoc'ratis, Achillis 
tendo. F. umbilicalis, funiculus umbilicalis. 
Fun'nel. Infundibulum; siphon. 
Fun'nel-shaped pel'vis. Type of female pelvis 
resembling the male pelvis, having long and narrow 
diameters. 
Fun'nybone. Crazybone. When the ulnar nerve 
is suddenly and forcibly pressed upon above the 
elbow, it gives occasion to a tingling in the fingers to 
which it is distributed. In familiar language this is 
said to be produced by pressing on the funnybone. 
Fur. Coat or covering; term often applied to layer 
of greater or less thickness which covers the surface 
of certain organs, and particularly of the tongue and 
the interior of the mouth. It is designated variously, 
according to its appearance, bilious, yellow, white 
coat or fur, etc. It is at times owing to the evapo- 
ration of the watery portions of the secretions; at 
others, to a morbid condition of the secretions; gen- 
erally, to both causes combined. The tongue in such 
condition is said to be coated or furred. 
Furca, fur'kah (fork). Structure or part having a 
forklike appearance. F. orbita'lis, small forklike 
portion of bone supporting the optic nerve in the 
embryo, and constituting the earliest formation of 
the orbit. 
FurceVla or Furc'ula (dim. of Furca, fork). Upper 
part of the sternum; the clavicle; rudiment of em- 
bryonic epiglottis; fourchette. F., infe'rior, xiphoid 
cartilage. 
Furcifer, fur'sif-ur {furca, fork, fero, to carry). 
Penis. 
Furcllla, fur-sil'lah (dim. of Furca, fork). Fur- 
cella; fourchette. 
Furcula, fur'ku-lah (dim. of Furca, fork). Forked 
process or prominence. Furcella; clavicle; four- 
chette ; upper end of sternum. 
Furcular, furk'u-lar. Resembling a small fork; 
relating to the clavicle or to the fourchette. 
Fur'fur or Fur'fura. Bran, decoction of which is 
sometimes employed as an emollient; scarf or scurf, 
dandruff. 
Furfuraceous, fur-fur-a'she-us. Scurfy; canica- 
ceous ; resembling bran; name given to eruptions in 
which the epidermis is detached in small branlike 
scales, also to branlike sediment observed at times 
in the urine. 
Fur'furamide. See Furfurin. 
Furfuration, fur-fur-a'shun. Branny or furfura- 
ceous desquamation; porrigo; pityriasis. 
Fur'furine. By the action of dilute sulphuric acid 
on corn meal or bran an oil is obtained-furfurol or 
furfurole. By the action of ammonia on this, fur- 
furamide or furfurolamide results; and by the action 
of dilute potassa on this the alkaloid furfurin is 
obtained, having tonic and antiperiodic properties. FURFURISCA 
Nitrate of furfurine has been used as an antineural- 
gic in doses of two or three grains. 
Furfurisca, fur-fur-is'kah. Pityriasis. 
Fur'furol. See Furfurin. 
Furfurol'amide. See Furfurin. 
Fur'furous. Furfuraceous. 
Fu'ria. Madness; mania. F. inferna'lis, vermi- 
form insect in Sweden said to cause malignant an- 
thrax. F. medinen'sis, filaria medinensis. 
Furibun'dus, Furio'sus, or Fu'rious (furor, mad- 
ness). Violently insane ; one laboring under mania. 
Fur'neaux-Jor'dan method of lithotomy. Perineal 
lithotomy. 
Fu'ror. Fury; mania. F. amator'ius, erotomania. 
F. bre'vis, transitory mania; rage. F. genita'lis, 
erotomania. F. ma'nia, mania. F. melanchol'icus, 
a form of melancholy. F. transito'rius, transitory 
mental derangement. F. uteri'nus, nymphomania. 
Furred. See Fur. 
Fur'row. Sulcus; groove. F., auric'ulo-ventric'- 
ular, auriculo-ventricular groove. F., dor'sal, groove 
in median line of the back in which are prominences 
caused by the spinal processes of the vertebrae; primi- 
tive groove. F., genital, groove on inferior surface 
of genital tubercle in embryo, which by its closure or 
patency determines the sex of the foetus; see Genital. 
F., in'guinal, fold of groin. F., interventric'ular, 
name given to two longitudinal grooves extending 
from base to apex of heart. F. kerati'tis, see Kera- 
titis dendritica, K. ulcerans, and K. mycotica. F., men- 
tola'bial, see Mentolabial. F., meridian, groove pass- 
ing through germinal and nutritive poles in segmen- 
tation of ovum. F., ra'dial, F., meridian. F. ofRo- 
lan'do, fissure of Rolando. F., spi'nal, F., dorsal. 
F., vertical, F., meridian. F., vitelline or yolk, 
furrow on ovum denoting segmentation. 
Fur'rowed band. Indented ridge of gray matter 
between the amygdalae and the uvulae of the cere- 
bellum. 
Fur'uncle. Furunculus. F., an'thracoid, small 
carbuncle. F., wasp's-nest, furunculus vespajus. 
Furunc'ular or Furunculous, fur-unk'u-lus (furo, 
to rage). Relating or appertaining to furunculus. F. 
skin diseases, phlogoses. 
Furunculi (pl. of Furunculus) atonici, fur-unk'u-le 
at-on'is-e. Ecthyma. F. nu'cleus or ventric'ulus, 
see Furunculus. 
Furunculoid, fur-unk'u-loid (furunculus, eidos, re- 
semblance). Resembling furunculus. 
Furunculosis, fur-unk-u-lo'sis. Growth or produc- 
tion of furunculi or boils. 
Furunculus, fur-unk'u-lus. Boil; furuncle. Small 
phlegmon appearing under the form of a conical, 
hard, circumscribed tumor, having its seat in the 
dermal texture. After an uncertain period it be- 
comes pointed, white or yellow, and gives exit to pus 
mixed with blood. When it breaks, a small, grayish, 
fibrous mass sometimes appears, consisting of dead 
areolar tissue ; this is called the core, ventriculus or 
nucleus furunculi. The abscess does not heal until 
463 
! FUTUTRIX 
after its separation. The indications of treatment are 
to discuss by application of leeches and warm fomen- 
tations, or to encourage suppuration by warm, emol- 
lient cataplasms. When suppuration is entirely es- 
tablished the part may be opened or suffered to break, 
according to circumstances. A blind boil is an indo- 
lent, imperfectly suppurating, phlegmonous tumor, 
of the kind described above, often seated in a seba- 
ceous follicle, as in acne indurata. F. anthracoi'des, 
small carbuncle. F. aton'icus, ecthyma. F benig'- 
nus, furuncle. F. Delhi'nus, Delhi boil. F. follicu- 
la'ris, furuncle involving a sebaceous gland. F. gan- 
grsenes'cens or gangrseno'sus, anthrax. F. malig'- 
nus, anthrax. F. neurit'icus, form of erythanthema 
neuriticum. F. orienta'lis, disease variously called 
Aleppo or Delhi boil, Biskra button, etc. F. panula'- 
tus, slowly-forming chronic tubercle, opening at last 
like a weaver's shuttle. F. parasit'icus, boil caused 
by parasites. F. suppurato'rius, boil. F. termin'- 
thus, berry or fungous carbuncle; see Terminthus. 
F. vespa'jus, large, slowly-forming suppurating fur- 
uncle, at last opening in numerous places, like a 
wasp's nest. 
Furze. Ulex Europseus. 
Fusanus lanceolatus (fu-san'us lan-se-o-lat'us), 
persica'rius, or spica'tus. Species of sandalwort 
of Australia, from which oil of sandalwood is pro- 
cured. 
Fusaria (fusus, spindle) lumbricoi'des. Ascaris 
lumbrico'ides. F. margina'ta, ascaris marginata. F. 
mys'tax, ascaris mystax. F. rena'lis, eustrongylus 
gigas. F. vermicula'ris, ascaris oxyuris or vermicu- 
laris. F. viscera'lis, strongylus gigas. F. Werneri, 
ascaris marginata. 
Fusce'do (fuscus, dusky). Darkness or duskiness, 
as of the skin. F. cu'tis, melasma cutis. F. sola'ris, 
see Chloasma and Melanopathy. 
Fuschine. Fuchsine. 
Fu'sel oil. Amylic alcohol. 
Fusibility, fu-ze-bil'it-e. Property of being fusible. 
See Fusion. 
Fusible, fu'zib'l. See Fusion. F. cal'culi, urinary 
calculi made up of calcium phosphate and triple 
phosphates; see Calculi, urinary. 
Fusiform, fu'ze-form (fusus, spindle). Spindle- 
shaped. 
Fusion, fu'zhun (fundo, to melt). Melting; lique- 
faction. Transition of a solid body into a liquid by 
the aid of heat. Substances capable of such transi- 
tion are said to be fusible, or to be possessed of fusi- 
bility. 
Fus'ti. Stalks of caryophyllus or cloves. 
Fus'tic tree. Cladrastris tinctoria. Xanthoxylum.. 
Fustigation, fus-tig-a'shun. Flagellation; applica- 
tion of faradic current by tapping the surface. 
Fus'tin. Yellow coloring matter of male fern. 
Fututio, fu-tu'she-o (futuo, to have sexual inter- 
course). Coition. 
Fututrix, fu-tu'trix. Female who practises triba- 
dism, acting as a male with another female. G 
464 
GALACTOPHLYSIS 
G. 
G. An abbreviation of gramme. 
Gabal'la. Cabal. 
Gaboon'. Akazga. 
Ga'dic or Gadin'ic ac'id. CasHssOn Fatty acid 
derived from cod-liver oil. 
Gadinine, gad'in-een. C7H17NO2. Ptomaine in 
putrefying codfish, etc., and in bacteria of human 
excrement. See Ptomaines (table). 
Gad'uine. C35H46O9. Dark-brown principle ob- 
tained from oleum morrhuse. 
Ga'dus (cod) seglifl'nus. See Oleum morrhuse. G. 
calla'rias or cilia'ris, see Oleum morrhuse. G. carbo- 
na'rius, see Oleum morrhuse. G. lo'ta, see Oleum mor- 
rhuse. G. merlan'gius, whiting fish. G. merluc'clus, 
see Oleum morrhuse. G. morrhu'a, see Oleum morrhuse. 
G. pollach'ius, see Oleum morrhuse. 
Gaeephagia, je-ef-aj'e-ah. Geophagism. 
Gseephagus, je-ef'ag-us. Geophagist. 
Gae'in. Bitter extractive from Geum urbanum. 
Gseophagia, je-of-aj'e-ah (gaia, earth, phago, to eat). 
Geophagism. 
Gaeoph'agus. Geophagist. 
Gaert'ner, canal of. See Gartner. 
Gaf'eds. Cagots. 
Gaf'fets. Cagots. 
Gag. Plug, wedge, or other instrument to sepa- 
rate the jaws and keep the mouth open. To 
retch. 
Ga'gea arven'sis. Tuber of this European liliace- 
ous herb is emetic and antispasmodic, and is exter- 
nally applied to ulcers. G. lu'tea, Our Lady's cows- 
lip, and G. praten'sis have similar properties. 
Gait. Characteristic mode of walking or running, 
modified in a number of diseases of the nervous sys- 
tem. G., atax'ic, slow, irregular jerking gait charac- 
teristic of progressive locomotor ataxia. G., cere- 
bel'lar, gait characteristic of disease of the cerebel- 
lum, the nervous centre of co-ordination of move- 
ments, consisting in want of steadiness or regularity. 
G., frog, hopping gait of diplegia of children. 
Ga'la. Milk. 
Galactacrasia, gal-ak-tah-kras'e-ah (galacto, a, kra- 
sis, mixture). Morbid mixture or defective constitu- 
tion of milk. 
Galactacratia, gal-ak-tah-krat-e'ah (galacto, a, kra- 
tos, power). Want of power to retain milk. 
Galactsemia, gal-ak-te'me-ah (galacto, haima, blood). 
Condition of the blood in which it contains milk. 
Galactagen'tia, Galactago'ga, or Galactagogues, 
gal-ak'tah-gogs (galacto, ago, to drive). Agents that 
promote secretion or flow of milk. 
Galactangeiolouci'tis (gala, angeion, vessel, leukos, 
white). Inflammation of lymphatic glands or vessels 
after lactation. 
Galactapostema, gal-ak-tap-os-ta'ma (galacto, apos- 
tema, abscess). Milk abscess. 
Galacthse'mia (galacto, haima, blood). Milk streaked 
with blood. 
Galactia, gal-ak'te-ah. Galactorrhcea. Redundant 
flow of milk, which may occur without being pro- 
voked by suckling ; when to a great extent, it some- 
times causes wasting. Disordered lactation. 
Galac'tic. Lactic. 
Galactidrosis, gal-ak-tid-ro'sis (galacto, hidrosis, 
sweating). Sweating of milk or milk-like fluid dur- 
ing lactation. 
Galactifer (gal-ak'tif-er) or Galactlf'erous (galacto, 
fero, to carry). Galactophorous. 
Galac'tin. Gummy substance from seeds of Medi- 
cago sativa. 
Galac'tine. Casein. Alkaloid (C54H78N4O45) de- 
rived from milk. 
Galactinidro'sis. Galactidrosis. 
Galactinom'yces. Galactomyces. 
Galac'tinous. Lactic; milky; containing milk. 
Galactirrhoea, gal-ak-tir-rhe'a (galacto, rheo, to flow). 
Galactia; galactorrhcea. 
Galactischesis (gal-ak-tis'kes-is) or Galactos'- 
chesis (galacto, ischesis, restraint or retention). Re- 
tention or suppression of milk. 
Galac'to (gala, milk). In composition, milk. 
Galactoblasts, gal-ak'to-blasts (gala, milk, blastos, 
bud). Bodies containing fat- or oil-globules in acini 
of mammary gland. 
Galactocatarac'ta. Milky cataract. 
Galactocele, gal-ak-to-se'le (Eng. gal-ak'to-seel) 
(galacto, kele, tumor). Milk-tumor; distension of one 
or more of the galactoph or ous sinuses by milk ; lac- 
tiferous engorgement. Tumor produced by retention 
of milk, galactoma. Tumor produced by effusion into 
the tunica vaginalis, having milky or whitish appear- 
ance, considered to be true milk. Chylocele. 
Galactochrous, gal-ak-tok'ro-us (galacto, chroa, 
color). Having the color of milk; milky. 
Galactoden'dron u'tile (galacto, dendron, tree). Cow- 
tree of South America. When incision is made into 
the trunk an agreeable and nutritious milky fluid 
flows out. 
Galactodensimeter, gal-ak-to-dens-im'et-ur (galacto, 
densus, dense, metron, measure). Hybrid term for ga- 
lactometer. 
Galacto'des. Having a milky appearance, as urine. 
Galactodlseta, gal-ak-to-de-e'tah (galacto, diseta, 
diet). Milk diet. 
Galactodiarrhce'a. Cceliac flux. Diarrhoea with 
milk-colored stools. 
Galactoedema. (Edematous galactocele. 
Galactoferous, gal-ak-tof'er-us. Galactophorous. 
Galactogan'glion (galacto, ganglion, knot). Milk 
knot or tumor of breast from distension of milk-duct. 
Galactogenous, gal-ak-toj'en-us (galacto, gennao, to 
produce). Producing milk. 
Galactoglycosuria, gal-ak-to-glik-os-u're-ah (galac- 
to, glukus, sweet, ouron, urine). Presence of sugar of 
milk in the urine. 
Galac'togogue (galacto, ago, to expel). Causing se- 
cretion or discharge of milk. 
Galactohsemia, gal-ak-to-he'me-ah (galacto, haima, 
blood). Secretion of bloody or blood-like milk. 
Gal'actoid (galacto, eidos, resemblance). Resem- 
bling milk. 
Galacto'ma. Tumor produced by retention of milk; 
galactocele. 
Galactomapostema (gal-ak-to-map-os-ta'mah) or 
Galactomastopostema, gal-ak-to-mas-to-pos-ta'mah. 
Milk abscess. 
Galactomastoparectoma, gal-ak-to-mas-to-par-ek- 
to'mah (galacto, mastos, breast, parekteino, to extend). 
Mammary abscess. 
Galactometastasis, gal-ak-to-met-as'tas-is. Metas- 
tasis of milk, the secretion occurring in some other 
part than the breast. 
Galactom'eter (galacto, metron, measure). Gradu- 
ated instrument for appreciating the quantity of 
cream in milk. 
Galactomyces, gal-ak-tom'is-ees (galacto, makes, fun- 
gus). Medullary sarcoma or carcinoma; encephaloid. 
Galacton'cus (galacto, onkos, swelling). Galacto- 
cele. 
Galactoph'agist (galacto, phago, to eat). One who 
lives on milk. 
Galactophagous, gal-ak-tof'ag-us (galacto, phago, 
to eat). That which feeds on milk. Name given to 
certain people with whom milk constitutes the chief 
nourishment. 
Galactophlebi'tis (galacto, phleps, vein). Phlebitis 
of suckling children. 
Galactophlysis, gal-ak-tof'lis-is (galacto, phlusis, 
vesicular eruption). Crusta lactea. Eruption of 
milky vesicles occurring during suppressed lactation. GALACTOPHORA 
Galactophora, gal-ak-tof'or-ah (galacto, phero, to 
bear). Galactopoetica. 
Galactophore, gal-ak'to-for (same etymon). Lactif- 
erous ; galactophorous. 
Galactophoritis, gal-ak-to-for-e'tis. Inflammation 
of the galactophorous ducts. 
Galactophorous, gal-ak-tof'or-us (galacto, phero, to 
bear). Lactiferous; producing or conveying milk; 
galactagogue. G. ducts, lactiferous ducts. G. re- 
ceptacle, see Lactiferous vessels. G. sac, see Lactif- 
erous vessels. G. si'nuses, see Lactiferous vessels. 
Galactoph'orus. Artificial nipple to facilitate suck- 
ing, when the faulty conformation of the nipple pre- 
vents the child from laying hold of it. 
Galactophthisis, gal-ak-to-te'sis (galacto, phthisis, 
wasting). Wasting away or debility from excessive 
lactation. 
Galactophygus, gal-ak-tof'ig-us (galacto, pheugo, to 
shun). Arresting or dispersing the secretion of milk, 
as belladonna, tobacco, iodide of potassium, etc. The 
first-named is the article popularly employed. 
Galactopiometer, gal-ak-to-pe-om'et-ur (galacto, pi- 
on, fat, metr on, measure). Galactometer; cremometer. 
Galactoplania, gal-ak-to-plan'e-ah (galacto, plane, 
wandering). Extravasation of milk into the areolar 
membrane. Secretion of milk elsewhere than from 
the breasts; galactidrosis; galactophlysis. 
Galactoplero'sis (galacto, plerosis, repletion). Re- 
dundance of milk; galactorrhcea. 
Galactopoea (gal-ak-to-pe'ah), Galactopoe'ia, or Ga- 
lactopoetica (galacto, poieo, to make). Galactagogues. 
Substances to which has been attributed the property 
of favoring the secretion of milk and augmenting its 
quantity. 
Galactopoe'sis or Galactopoiesis, gal-ak-to-poi-a'sis. 
Secretion or formation of milk. 
Galactopoiet'ic. Producing milk; galactagogue. 
Galactoposia (galacto, posis, drink), gal-ak-to-po'- 
ze-ah. Drinking of milk; treatment of disease by 
means of milk ; milk diet. 
Galactopotes, gal-ak-top'o-tees. A drinker of milk; 
galactophagist; one subjected to a milk diet. 
Galactopyra, gal-ak-top'ir-ah (galacto, pur, fire, 
fever). Milk fever. 
Galactopyretic, gal-ak-to-pir-et'ik (puretos, fever). 
Relating to milk fever. 
Galactorrhcea, gal-ak-tor-rhe'ah (galacto, rheo, to 
flow). Excessive or abnormal excretion or flow of 
milk, especially after weaning; often confounded 
with polygalactia. Galactia. G. erro'nea, galacto- 
plania. G. sacchara'ta, saccharorrhcea lactea. 
Galacto-saccharum, gal-ak'to-sak'ar-um. Sugar of 
milk. 
Galactoschesis, gal-ak-tos'kes-is. Galactischesis. 
Galactoscope, gal-ak'to-skope (galacto, skopeo, to 
see). Instrument for determining the quality of 
milk. Lactometer. 
Gal'actose. CsHnOs. Carbohydrate resulting from 
treating lactose with dilute acids or by fermentation. 
Galactosis, gal-ak-to'sis. Secretion or formation 
of milk. 
Galactospongus, gal-ak-to-spon'gus (galacto, spongos, 
sponge, fungus). Medullary carcinoma ; M. sarcoma. 
See Encephaloid. 
Galactos'tasis (galacto, stasis, fixed state). Stagna- 
tion or check to flow of milk. 
Galactosyrinx, gal-ak-to-sir'inks (galacto, surinx, 
tube). Milk fistula ; lacteal fistula. 
Galactotherapy, gal-ak-to-ther'ap-e (galacto, ther- 
apeuo, to cure). Treatment of disease by exclusive 
diet of milk. Administration of drugs to act on the 
mother's or nurse's milk. 
Galactotrophy, gal-ak-tot'ro-fe (galacto, trophe, 
nourishment). Nourishment by means of milk. 
Galactozemia, gal-ak-to-za'me-ah (galacto, zemia, 
loss). Loss or diminished secretion of milk. 
Galactozyme or Galazyme, gal'az-ime (galacto, zume, 
ferment). Result of the fermentation of milk by means 
of yeast; used as a remedy for phthisis. Koumyss. 
Galactuchos, gal-ak-tu'kos (galacto, echo, to have). 
Suckling; giving milk. 
465 
GALEOPSIS 
Galacturia, gal-ak-tu're-ah (galacto, our on, urine). 
Chyluria. 
Galaemia, gal-e'me-ah (gala, haima, blood). Galacto- 
hsemia. 
Galam but'ter. Bambuk or shea butter; expressed 
oil from seeds of Bassia Parkin 
Galanga or Galangal, gal-an'gal. Maranta galanga. 
G. ma'jor, rhizome of Alpinia galanga, as G. mi'nor 
and G. sinen'sis are of Alpinia officinarum; all are 
stimulant and aromatic. 
Galan'gin. Derivative from rhizome of Alpinia 
galanga. 
Galan'thus niva'lis. Snowdrop of Europe; juice 
is used internally as emetic and antipyretic; the herb 
externally for cataplasms. 
Galarrhceus lathyris, gal-ar-rhe'us lath'ir-is (gala, 
rheo, to flow). Euphorbia lathyris. G. palus'tris, 
Euphorbia palustris. 
Galax aphylla, gal'aks af-il'lah. Carpenter's leaf, 
beetleweed ; indigenous. The root is astringent, and 
the leaves, in domestic practice, are applied to cuts 
and wounds. 
Galaxia, gal-aks'e-ah. Thoracic duct. 
Galazyme, gal'a-zime (gala, zume, ferment). Galac- 
tozyme. Koumyss. 
Gal'banum. Bubon galbanum. G., long-leaved, 
Bubon galbanum. G. plas'ter, emplastrum galbani. 
Galbuli, gal'bu-le. Balls. G. junip'eri, juniper 
berries. 
Galbulus, gal'bu-lus. A rare variety of congenital 
jaundice, in which the yellow color continues through 
life. 
Gale, gal'e. Myrica gale. G., Scotch, G., sweet, 
Myrica gale. 
Galea, gal'a-ah. Amnion ; bandage of Galen ; head- 
ache affecting the whole head ; caul. G. aponeuro'- 
tica cap'itis, tendinous expansion uniting the frontal 
and occipital portions of the occipito-frontalis muscle. 
G. cap'itis, G. aponeurotica capitis. G. tendino'sa 
Santori'ni, G. aponeurotica capitis. 
Galeamaurosis, gal-e-am-au-ro'sis (galea, cat). Am- 
aurotic cat's eye. 
Galeancon (gal-e-an'kon) or Galian'con (galea, cat 
or weasel, ankon, elbow). Shortening of the arm from 
dislocation of the shoulder; one who has short arms. 
Galeanthropy, gal-e-an'thro-pe (galea, cat, anthropos, 
man). Variety of melancholy in which the patient 
believes himself changed into a cat; affection similar 
to lycanthropy and cynanthropy. 
Galega, gal-e'gah. Goafs rue. Slightly aromatic, 
and sudorific; it is also said to improve the secretion 
of milk. G. apolline'a, Tephrosia apollinea. G. 
litora'lis, poisonous W. Indian plant; anthelmintic; 
juice of leaves is cathartic. G. offlcina'lis, galega; 
antipyretic, antispasmodic, and diuretic; the leaves 
are galactagogue. G. Per'sica, galega. G. purpu'rea, 
Tephrosia apollinea. G. toxica'ria, Tephrosia toxi- 
caria. G. Virginia'na, Turkey pea, Hoary pea, Devil's 
shoe-strings, Virginia goat's rue, or Catgut; used in some 
parts of the United States as anthelmintic in decoction 
of the root; it is also galactagogue. G. vulga'ris, 
galega. 
Ga'len (who lived in the second century), anasto- 
mosis of. Intralaryngeal anastomosis of inferior and 
superior laryngeal nerves. G., band'age of, see 
Bandage of Galen. G., veins of, see Cardiac veins 
and Choro'ides venae. 
Galen'ic or Galenical, ga-len'ik-al. Relating to 
the doctrine of Galen or Galenism. Drugs that are 
not chemical. G. med'icine, Galenism. 
Galenism, ga'len-izm. Doctrine of Galen. 
Galenist, ga'len-ist. Follower of the doctrine of 
Galen. 
Gale'nius. Galenic. 
Galeob'dolon or Galeopdolon, gal-e-op'do-lon (galea, 
weasel, bdullo, to emit a stench). Galeopsis. 
Galeopsis (gal-e-op'sis) or Galiop'sis (galea, weasel, 
opsis, appearance, the corolla having been supposed 
to resemble the head of the weasel). Hedge-nettle. 
Plant formerly used as vulnerary and anodyne. 
Lamium album. G. angustifo'lia, G. grandiflora. GALEROPIA 
G. du'bia, G. grandiflora. G. grandiflo'ra, plant is 
regarded in Germany as a bitter resolvent and pec- 
toral. G. lad'anum, G. grandiflora. G. ochroleu'ca, 
G. grandiflora. G. prostra'ta, G. grandiflora. G. 
seg'etum, G. grandiflora. G. tetzrahit, hemp-nettle 
of Europe. G. versicolor, possessed of the same 
virtues as G. grandiflora. G. vlllo'sa, G. grandi- 
flora. 
Galerop'ia or Galeropsia, gal-er-op'se-ah {galeros, 
bright, opsis, vision). Oxyopia; form of exaggerated 
vision in which everything appears brighter and more 
distinct than in natural vision. 
Ga'lex aphyl'la. Carpenter's leaf, whose root is 
used in Southern States as an astringent. 
Galiancon, gal-e-an'kon {galea, weasel, ankon, el- 
bow). One who has short arms, the condition being 
called Galianconism. 
Galingale, gal'in-gale. Galangal; Ksempfcria gal- 
anga; cyperus. 
Galinsoga (gal-in-so'gah) parviflo'ra. Plant of S. 
America, with antiscorbutic properties. 
Galipea (gal-ip-e'ah) cuspazria. Cusparia febrifuga. 
G. offlcinal'is, see Cusparia febrifuga. 
Galipeine, gal-ip-e'een. White crystallized alka- 
loid, C20H21NO3, from cusparia bark. 
Ga'lium or Gallium, gal'le-um {gala, milk, because 
some species curdle milk). G. verum. G. Africa'- 
num, leaves and flowers are used in diarrhoea. G. 
al'bum, G. mollugo. G. aparanoi'des or apari'ne, 
Goosegrass, Cleaver's bees, Cleavers, Gooseshare, Robin- 
run-the-hedge, Hayriff. Expressed juice is aperient 
diuretic in incipient dropsies and antiscorbutic; the 
plant is used in decoction in lepra and psoriasis. G. 
asprelTum, Rough bedstraw, Rough ladies' bedstraw; 
indigenous; has the diuretic properties of most of its 
genus. G. brachycar'pon, G. aparine. G. Cauca'si- 
cum, G. verum. G. circee'zans, Wild licorice, Master 
of the woods. Indigenous plant, demulcent, expecto- 
rant, and diuretic. G. crucia'tum, this herb of Eu- 
rope and Asia is an astringent and stomachic tonic, 
and externally styptic. G. Grse'cum, herb of Greece 
employed as an astringent in dysentery and hemor- 
rhages. G. Infes'te, G. aparine. G. lu'teum, G. verum. 
G. mollu'go, Wild madder, Stickygrass, Greater ladies' 
bedstraw, Whiptongue; herb and flowers have been 
used in epilepsy. G. odora'tum, Asperula odorata. 
G. palus'tre, European plant employed in epilepsy. 
G. pilozsum, Hairy bedstraw, Flux weed; used for 
poisonous bites. G. rig'idum, French herb employed 
as antispasmodic and diaphoretic. G. scaberz- 
rimum, G. aparine. G. tincto'rum, American species, 
closely allied in properties to G. verum. G. trif'i- 
dum, Small bedstraw, Dyer's cleavers; indigenous; 
has properties of its class; used in skin diseases. 
G. triflo'rum, Sweet-scented bedstraw; indigenous; 
crystalline odorous principle, called coumarin, is de- 
rived from it. G. tubercula'tum, G. verum. G. 
Tyrolen'se, G. mollugo. G. ve'rum, Ladies' or Yel- 
low ladies' bedstraw, Cheeserennet, Bedstraw, Cleave- 
wort, Goosegrass, Savoyan, Clabbergrass, Milksweet, Poor 
robin, Gravelgrass, Hundred-fold. Tops have been 
used in epilepsy and hysteria; leaves and flowers 
possess the property of curdling milk; flowers are 
antispasmodic. 
Gall. Bile. See Chafing, Eczema impetiginodes, Quer- 
cus infectoria, and Vi t rum. G. of the earth, Prenan- 
thes, P. alba. G. nut, see Quercus infectoria. G. of the 
ox, see Bile. G. of the skin, chafing. G., Turk'ey, see 
Quercus infectoria. 
Galzla. Quercus infectoria. G. max'ima orbicu- 
la'ta, Quercus infectoria. 
Gallacetophenone (gal-las-e-to-fe'none) or Gallac- 
tophenone. Derivative of pyrogallol; yellow powder, 
used as a substitute for pyrogallol in psoriasis. 
Gal'lae Chinen'ses (gall of the oak). Chinese galls. 
G. Halepenzses, Quercus infectoria. G. JaponTcse, 
excrescences containing a large percentage of tannic 
acid, on Rhus semialata. G. Levant'icse, Quercus in- 
fectoria. G. quer'cus, Quercus infectoria. G. tinc- 
tor'lse, Quercus infectoria. G. Tur'cicse, Quercus in- 
466 
1 GALVANIC 
Gallatura, gal-lat-u'rah (gallus, a cock). Molecule; 
cicatricula. 
Gall'-bladder. Membranous, pyriform reservoir, 
lodged in a superficial depression at the inferior sur- 
face of the right lobe of the liver, called fossa of the 
gall-bladder or fissure of the gall-bladder. It receives, 
by the hepatic and cystic ducts, a portion of the bile 
secreted by the liver when the stomach is empty, 
which becomes in it more acrid, bitter, and thick. It 
receives an artery called the cystic. Its veins empty 
into the vena porta. Its nerves come from the hepatic 
plexus, and its lymphatic vessels join those of the 
liver. Its duct, the cystic or gall-duct, unites with 
the hepatic duct to form the common choledoch or 
bile-duct. In the interior of the cystic duct the 
mucous membrane is arranged in a series of crescentic 
folds in a spiral manner, constituting the valve of 
Amussat. The following measurements have been 
made of this organ: 
Length 80-110 mm. 
Width at fundus . . 34 " 
Width in the middle 23 " 
Capacity 33-35 c.cm. (Krause) (correspond- 
ing to 33.5-37.5 g. of bile). 
Wall 1-2 mm. thick. 
Glands 1 mm. in diameter. 
Gall-duct. See Gall-bladder. 
Gall-fe'ver. Intermittent fever. 
Gal'li gallina'cei cap'ut. Gallinaginis caput. 
Gal'lie acid. CtIIgOs. See Acidum gallicum. 
Gallinaginis caput, gal-lin-aj'in-is kap'ut (gal- 
linago, woodcock). Oblong, rounded projection, 
formed by the mucous membrane in the prostatic 
portion of the urethra, on the sides of which the 
ejaculatory ducts open. 
Galline, gal'leen. Pyroligneous acid. 
Gallitrichum, gal-lit'rik-um. Salvia sclarea. 
Gallium, gal'le-um. Galium. 
Gal'lop rhythm. Heart sounds heard on auscul- 
tating a heart in rapid action, which have been 
compared to the canter of a horse, as in interstitial 
nephritis and sclerosis of the arteries. 
Gal'loping consumption. Phthisis, rapidly pro- 
gressive to an unfavorable issue. 
Gallotan'nic ac'id. Tannic acid derived from galls. 
Galls. Quercus infectoria. G., Busso'rah, Quercus 
infectoria. G., Chinese', see Rhus semialata. G., Mec'- 
ca, Quercus infectoria. 
Gall'sickness. Fever, Walcheren. 
Gall'stone colic. Colica hepatica. 
Gall'stones. Calculi, biliary. 
Gal'lus (galli, priests of Cybele, who castrated them- 
selves). Eunuch. 
Gall'weed. Gentiana quinqueflora, root of which 
is tonic. 
Gall'wort. Linaria vulgaris. 
Galton's whistle. Instrument for testing the 
audibility of shrill notes, consisting of a whistle made 
of brass tubing; a plug is adjusted to the lower end, 
by means of which the tube can be shortened or 
lengthened, thus altering the pitch of the note. 
Galvan'ic. Eelating to galvanism. G. apparatus, 
apparatus for generating and supplying the galvanic 
current. G. battery, term applied to the apparatus 
producing galvanic electricity, or to the cells. The 
best forms of cell have a high electro-motive force, 
an abundant quantity of current, and constancy with- 
out loss of force from polarization. The latter point 
is very important, and many of the improvements in 
batteries have been made with the view of reducing 
this to a minimum. To prevent polarization, effort 
must be made to check or prevent accumulation of 
hydrogen on the positive pole, as the condensation 
of hydrogen on the inactive plate sets up a reverse 
electro-motive force, and so reduces the available 
electro-motive force of the cell and, of course, the 
available area of the plates. Nearly all batteries lose 
electro-motive force rapidly when a large current is 
taken from them (Steavenson and Jones). 
The following table gives a concise statement of the 
characteristics of some well-known batteries. GALVANISM 
467 
GANGLIA 
Name. 
Active 
Plate. 
Excitant. 
Depolarizer. 
Passive Plate. 
Approximate 
Electro- 
motive Force 
(volts). 
Smee 
Zinc. 
Dilute sulphuric acid 1-8. 
None. 
Platinized silver. 
.8 
Bichromate 
" " " 1-8. 
Chromic acid. 
Carbon. 
1.9 
Latimer Clark's standard cell 
Zinc sulphate. 
Mercurous sulphate 
Mercury. { 
1.438 (legal). 
1.434 (true). 
Daniell 
ll 
Zinc sulphate or dilute sul- 
phuric acid 1-12, 
Copper sulphate in 
porous pot. 
Copper. 
1.079 
Grove 
It 
Dilute sulphuric acid. f 
Strong nitric acid 1 
Platinum. 
1.9 
Bunsen 
It 
ll It ■j 
in porous pot. J 
Carbon. 
1.9 
De la Rue 
ll 
Ammonium chloride, saturated 
solution. 
Silver chloride. 
Silver. 
1. 
Skrivanoff 
ll 
Sodium or potassium hydrate, 
75 per cent. 
ll ll 
u 
1.5 
Leclanche 
ll 
Ammonium chloride, saturated 
solution. 
Manganese diox- 
ide, with or with- 
out porous pot. 
Carbon. 
1.48 
Galvanic Batteries. 
G. belt, belt to be worn at the waist, made up of 
small cells, thus making continuous application of 
galvanic electricity. A galvanic chain of links of zinc 
and copper moistened with diluted vinegar is sim- 
ilarly worn. G. caut'ery, see Galvano-cautery and 
Moxa. G. cir'cle, a single galvanic cell in action, or 
a series of cells forming a compound circle. G. cur'- 
rent, Voltaic current, current generated from the 
cells; called Faradic current when it passes through a 
coil of wire. G. disks, disks of two different metals 
placed alternately one above the other, separated by 
some moistened material. G. el'ements, the metals 
employed in galvanic batteries. G. pes'sary and G. 
poul'tice are two different forms of medical applica- 
tion of galvanism, the principle of each being the 
same-the employment of galvanic currents estab- 
lished by the use of dissimilar metals and acid or 
moisture. 
Galvanism, gal'van-izm. Voltaism, voltaic or 
chemical or contact electricity (after Galvani). 
Electricity dependent upon antecedent chemical ac- 
tion. Series of phenomena consisting in sensible move- 
ments, executed by animal parts endowed with 
irritability, when placed in connection with two me- 
tallic plates of different nature, between which a 
communication is established by direct contact or by 
means of a metallic wire. Galvanism has been em- 
ployed medicinally in the same cases as electricity, 
and especially in neuralgic affections. See Galvanic 
battery. 
Gal'vanist. One who habitually employs galvanism. 
Galvaniza'tion. Medical application of the current 
of galvanic electricity; act of affecting with galvan- 
ism. G., lo'calized, localized galvanism. Mode of 
employing galvanism, by which the electric influence 
may be arrested at will in the skin; or, without any 
incision or puncture, the skin may be traversed, and 
the electric influence be limited to the organs which 
it covers-to the nerves, muscles, and even the bones. 
See Electrization, localized, and Localization. 
Gal'vanize. To place under the influence of the 
galvanic current. 
Galvanocauterization, gal-van-o-kaw-ter-i-za'shun. 
Cauterization by means of galvanic electricity. 
Galvanocautery, gal-van-o-kaw'ter-e. Wire for 
cauterization into which the galvanic current for 
heating is passed. 
Gal'vano-contractil'ity. Muscular contractility 
under influence of the galvanic current. 
Gal'vano-farada'ic or Galvano-faradic, gal'van-o- 
far'-ad-ic. Relating to galvanism and faradism. 
Galvano - faradization, gal'van-o-far-id-i-za'shun. 
Application of continued and interrupted current in 
combination. 
Galvano-hypnotism, gal'van-o-hip'no-tizm. Hyp- 
notic state caused by galvanic current passed through 
the brain of one affected with hysteria. 
Galvanolysis, gal-van-ol'is-is. Electrolysis. 
Galvano-magnetism, gal'van-o-mag'net-izm. Elec- 
tro-magnetism. 
Galvanometer, gal-van-om'et-ur. Instrument to 
measure and indicate intensity, direction, and other 
properties of the galvanic current by deflection of the 
magnetic needle. 
Galvanopuncture, gal-van-o-punk'shure. Electro- 
puncture. 
Galvanoscope, gal'van-o-skope. Instrument for de- 
termining the existence and direction of a galvanic 
current. 
Galvanoscopy, gal-van-os'ko-pe. Medical examina- 
tion by the aid of galvanism. 
Galvanotherapeu'tics or Galvanotherapy, gal-van- 
o-ther'ap-e. Employment of galvanism as a thera- 
peutic agent. 
Galvanotonus, gal-van-ot' on-us. Electrotonus. Per- 
sistent contraction of a muscle after the current to 
the motor nerve is closed. 
Galvesia punctata, gal - ve' se - ah punk - tat' ah. 
Scrophularious Peruvian plant; aromatic and car- 
minative. 
Gam'ba. Patella, leg, hoof. 
Gambeer, Gambiera, or Gam'bir. See Catechu and 
Nauclea gambir. 
Gambo'dic acid. C65H35O12. Acid resin from gam- 
boge, resembling gambogic acid. 
Gamboge, gam-boje'. Cambogia. 
Gambo'gia or Gamboi'dia. Cambogia. 
Gambogic (gam-bo'jik) acid. Cambogic acid. 
Gambogium, gam-bo'je-um. Cambogia. 
Gamenomania, gam-en-o-man'e-ah. Mania for en- 
tering upon the married state. 
Gamic, ga'mik (gamos, marriage). Relating to fe- 
cundation; sexual. 
Gammacism, gam'ma-sizm (gamma, Greek letter r). 
Difficulty or imperfection in the articulation of the 
guttural consonants; stuttering over emission of such 
sounds as g and k. 
Gam'mism. Psammism. 
Gamogenesis, gam-o-jen'es-is (gamos, sexual union, 
genesis, production). Sexual generation or reproduc- 
tion. 
Gamomania, gam-o-man'e-ah (gamos, marriage). 
Mania for entering upon the married state. 
Gamomorphism, gam-o-mor'fizm (gamos, wedding, 
morphe, form). Puberty; full sexual development. 
Gam'phe or Gamphe'le. Gena; maxillary bone. 
Gan'game or Gan'gamum (drag-net). Epiploon; 
omental region. 
Gan'glia (pl. of Ganglion) aberran'tia. Small, ab- 
normally-located masses of gray matter on the poste- 
rior roots of the spinal nerves. G. accesso'ria trun'- 
ci cervica'lis, small ganglionic masses connected with 
the cervical sympathetic system. G. carot'ica, ca- 
rotid ganglia. G. caverno'sa, carotid ganglion. G. 
cer'ebri posti'ca, thalami nervorum opticorum. G. 
cervica'lia or cervi'cis, cervical ganglia. G. cilia'- 
ria accesso'ria, accessory or unusual ganglia on cili- 
ary nerves. G. cceli'aca, semilunar ganglia. G. of 
crus, corpora striata ; cortical part of cerebrum. G. 
of crus'ta, caudate and lenticular nuclei and sub- 
stantia nigra. G. cubita'lia, lymphatic glands along 
the brachial artery. G. dorsa'lia, lymphatic glands on GANGLIAC 
thoracic wall. G., form'ative, see Ganglion. G. geni- 
talia, ganglionic masses in aortic and spermatic plex- 
uses. G., glossopharynge'al, jugular ganglion; pe- 
trous ganglion. G., hemispherical, hemispheres of 
the brain. G. hordeifor'mia, G. dorsalia. G. of in- 
crease, see Ganglion. G. intercala'ria, G. aberrantia. 
G. interme'dia trun'ci cervica'lis, G. accessoria 
trunci cervicalis. G., lum'bar, lymphatic glands of 
the lumbar region. G. me'dia, thalami optici. G. 
mesenter'ica, mesenteric glands. G. nervo'rum, gan- 
glions, nervous; see Ganglion. G. prostatlca, small 
ganglia in prostatic plexus. G. puden'da, G. pros- 
tatica. G., res'piratory, see Encephalon. G. retifor'- 
mia, plexuses of nerves with accompanying ganglia 
in organs which have unstriated muscular fibres. G. 
segrega'ta, ganglia of the sympathetic system. G., 
sensory, see Sensory ganglia. G. sola'ris, semilunar 
ganglia. G. spermatlca, spermatic ganglia. G. 
splanch'nica, semilunar ganglia. G., stomatogas'- 
tric, see Encephalon. G., sympathetic, of head, oph- 
thalmic, otic, spheno-palatine, and submaxillary gan- 
glia. G. of tegmen'tum, corpora quadrigemina and 
thalami optici. G. thyroi'dea inferio'ra, sympathetic 
ganglia in course of inferior thyroid artery. 
Gan'gliac, Gan'gliar, or Gan'gliated. Ganglionic. 
Gangliastheni'a. Neurasthenia. 
Gan'gliform or Gan'glioform {ganglion, forma, form). 
Having the shape of a ganglion. 
Gangliitis, gan-gle-e'tis. Ganglionitis. G. cen- 
tralis or medulla'ris, cholera. G. peripherlca, mild 
form of cholera. 
Gangliocytin, gan-gle-o-si'tin. Nuclein. 
Gangllolum, gan-gle'o-lum (dim. of Ganglion). 
Small ganglion. G. tympanlcum, glandula tympan- 
ica. 
Ganglioma, gan-gle-o'mah. Tumor of the lym- 
phatic glands or ganglions, and especially epithelioma 
of them. 
Gan'glion (knot). In anatomy, a name generally 
given to a knot-like enlargement in the course of a 
nerve. It is applied, however, to organs differing 
considerably from each other in size, color, texture, 
functions, etc. They are divided into glandiform, 
lymphatic, and nervous ganglia. 1. Glandiform gan- 
glions, called also adenoid, vascular, and sanguineous 
ganglions. Blind, aporic, ductless, blood, and vascu- 
lar glands are organs formed of agglomerated glob- 
ules, pervaded by blood-vessels surrounded by areolar 
membrane, and containing a milky or yellowish fluid. 
To this class belong the spleen, thymus, thyroid, and 
suprarenal glands. 2. Lymphatic ganglions; see 
Lymphatic. 3. Nervous ganglions, ganglia of increase, 
formative ganglia. Enlargements or knots in the 
course of a nerve, belonging, in general, to the sys- 
tem of the great sympathetic. One exists on the pos- 
terior root of every spinal nerve, and on one cerebral 
-the fifth. They have been regarded as small brains, 
or centres of nervous action, independent of the en- 
cephalon, and intended exclusively for organic life. 
Being formed by the union of the cerebral and 
spinal nerves, they may send out the influence of 
both these nervous centres to the parts to which 
the nerves proceeding from them are distributed. 
Ganglia are chiefly composed of vesicular neurine, 
and appear to be concerned in the formation and 
dispensation of nerve-power. Also a globular, hard, 
indolent tumor, situate in the course of a tendon, 
especially at the wrist, and formed of a viscid, 
albuminous fluid, contained in a cyst. The cyst is 
sometimes loose, but usually communicates, by a nar- 
row footstalk, with the sheath of a tendon, or even 
with the synovial capsule of a neighboring articula- 
tion. Treatment consists in compression, percussion, 
the use of discutients, extirpation, or incision. Also 
enlarged bursa mucosa. Lymphatic nodule. G. ab- 
domina'le, G., semilunar. G. abdominate centra'le, 
coeliac plexus. G. abdomina'le maximum, semi- 
lunar ganglion. G. acus'ticum, combination of G. 
nervi vestibuli and G. spinale. G., ad'enoid, G., glan- 
diform. G. of An'dersch, petrous ganglion. G., an'- 
nular, annulus gangliformis; see Ciliary ligament. G., 
468 
GANGLION 
ante'rior cer'ebral, corpus striatum alone, or with 
corpus lenticulare. G., ante'rior, of op'tic thal'a- 
mus, anterior tubercle of optic thalamus. G. of Ar'- 
nold, otic ganglion. G., aud'itory, accessory gan- 
glion of the auditory nerve, between vestibular root 
and restiform body; tuberculum acusticum. G. of 
Au'erbach, layer of nodular ganglionic nervous 
masses in the intestines between the circular and lon- 
gitudinal muscular fibre layers. G., auric'ular, otic 
ganglion. G., az'ygous, G. opposite coccyx; see 
Trisplanchnic nerve. G., ba'sal, ganglia at the base 
of the brain, including corpus striatum, optic thala- 
mus, and corpora quadrigemina. G., ba'sal op'tic, 
mass of cells below third ventricle in tuber cinereum, 
near the optic tract. G. of Bid'der, two ganglia ob- 
served in the heart of the frog, situate in the auric- 
ular groove. G. of Boch'dalek, small thickening 
formed by a branch of the anterior dental nerve 
uniting with a branch of the posterior nasal nerve 
from Meckel's ganglion; supramaxillary plexus. G., 
car'diac, cardiac ganglion. G. cardi'acum infe'rius 
or mag'num or Wrisber'gii, cardiac ganglion. G. 
cardi'acum mi'nus, superior cardiac ganglia. G., 
carot'ic or carot'id, see Car otic or Carotid nerve. G., 
cav'ernous, see Carotic or Carotid nerve. G. cell- 
layer, layer of cortical substance of brain having 
nerve-cells resembling motor cells of spinal cord. G. 
cells, nerve-cells imbedded in gray matter of cere- 
bro-spinal axis and ganglia, and in some of the 
sympathetic nerves. G. cerebel'li, corpus den- 
tatum. G., cer'ebral, great cerebral nervous cen- 
tres. G., cer'ebral ante'rior, corpora striata. G., 
cer'ebral poste'rior, thalami nervorum opticorum. 
G. cer'ebri ante'rius, corpora striata. G. cervi- 
ca'le, ganglion in utero-vaginal plexus; also masses 
of gray matter connected with sympathetic sys- 
tem in the neck. There are three of these, G., su- 
perior, variously called First ganglion, G. fusiforme, G. 
magnum, G. olivare, and G. supremum; G., middle, 
variously called Second ganglion and G. thyro'ideum; 
and G., inferior, variously called Third ganglion, G. 
tertium, G. infimum. G. cervica'le u'teri, G. cervi- 
cale. G. cervica'le va'gi, ganglia of trunk of 
vagus or pneumogastric nerve. G. cilia're, corpus 
dentatum. G. cilia're accesso'rium, detached ner- 
vous masses associated with orbital nerves. G., cil'i- 
ary, ophthalmic ganglion. G. of cir'cumflex nerve, 
ganglionic enlargement on a branch of that nerve. 
G., Cloquet's, ganglion on branches of naso-palatine 
nerves; naso-palatine plexus. G. coccyge'um, small 
ganglion in front of coccyx. G., coch'lear, G. spirale; 
G. Cortii. G., cce'liac, cceliac plexus; semilunar 
ganglion. G. cor'puscles, see Neurine. G. Cor'tii, 
G. of Corti (after Corti, Italian anatomist), plexus of 
dark-bordered nerve-fibres formed by nerves of the 
cochlea in the cavities of the osseous zone, which con- 
tain an aggregation of bipolar, oval, minute gangli- 
onic cells that probably intercept all fibres of coch- 
lear nerves in their course. G. cra'nio-cervica'le, 
ganglion cervicale (superior). G. cro'chu, hippo- 
campal convolution. G. diaphragmat'icum, small 
ganglion connected with the phrenic plexus at its 
junction with the phrenic nerve; G., phrenic. G. of 
Ehr'enritter, jugular ganglion; reddish-gray mass on 
the glosso-pharyngeal nerve in foramen lacerum, 
above the ganglion of Andersch. G., extraventric'- 
ular, lenticular nucleus. G. of fa'cial nerve, en- 
largement on that nerve in Fallopian canal. G., first 
cer'vical, superior cervical ganglion. G. of fifth 
nerve, G. of Gasser. G., fu'slform, superior cervical 
ganglion. G. of Gas'ser, ganglion of fifth nerve; semi- 
circular knot on the fifth pair, before its division into 
three branches, on the apex of the petrous portion 
of the temporal bone ; resembles ganglia on posterior 
roots of spinal nerves. G. genicula'tum, G. of facial 
nerve; see also Corpora geniculata. G., glan'diform, 
see Ganglion. G. glob'ules, see Neurine. G. haben'- 
ulse, small ganglion near the point of entrance of 
posterior commissure into the thalamus opticus. G. 
im'par, see Trisplanchnic nerve; G. coccygeum. G. 
incisi'vum or incisu'rum, G. Cloqueti. G., inter- GANGLIONARY 
carot'id or intercarot'icum, anterior branches of 
the superior cervical ganglion ramify upon the ex- 
ternal carotid artery and its branches, forming around 
each a delicate plexus, on the nerves composing which 
small ganglia are occasionally found, named, accord- 
ing to position, intercarotid, lingual, temporal, and 
pharyngeal. The intercarotid ganglion is made up 
of arterial glomeruli gathered into masses and sur- 
rounded by dense plexuses of nerves. G., interos'- 
seous, ganglion of this nerve at the wrist. G., inter- 
pedunc'ular, small mass of gray fibres between pe- 
duncles of brain. G., interver'tebral, see Vertebral 
nerves. G. intervertebraTe cap'itis, G. of Gasser; 
in foetal life, ganglionic mass afterward developed into 
superior ganglia of pneumogastric and glosso-pharyn- 
geal. G. jugula're glosso-pharynge'i or supe'rius, 
G. of Ehrenritter. G. jugula're va'gi, G. of root of 
vagus nerve, G. of Laumonier, see Carotid or Ca- 
rotic nerve. G., lentic'ular, ophthalmic g. G., lin'- 
gual, see Ganglion, intercarotid; submaxillary gan- 
glion. G. lingua'le mol'le, lingual ganglion. G., 
lymphat'ic, see Lymphatic. G. maxilla're, submaxil- 
lary ganglion. G. of Meckel', spheno-palatine gan- 
glion; iuferior submaxillary ganglion. G. of 
Meiss'ner, see Meissner. G. mesenter'icum supe'- 
rius, ganglion in solar plexus, near point of origin 
of artery of that name. G. Miilleri, G. of Ehren- 
ritter. G. nasa'le, spheno-palatine g. G., naso- 
pal'atine, G. Cloqueti; see Naso-palatine ganglion. G. 
ner'vi glossopharynge'i supe'rius, G. of Ehrenritter; 
jugular g.; petrous g. G. ner'vi dp'tici, ganglionic 
layer of retina. G. ner'vi vestib'uli, small masses on 
vestibular nerve of ear. G., ner'vous, neuroma. G. 
oliva're, cervical (inferior) ganglion; G. of trunk of 
pneumogastric nerve. G., ophthal'mic, see Ophthal- 
mic ganglion. G., op'tic, quadrigemina tubercula. 
G., or'bitar, G., ophthalmic. G. o'ticum, otic g. 
G., petro'sal, see Petrous ganglion. G., pe'trous, see 
Petrous ganglion. G., pharynge'al, see G., interca- 
rotid. G. pharynge'um mol'le, pharyngeal g.; see 
G., intercarotid. G. plexifor'me, G. of Gasser. G. 
of pneumogas'tric, ganglionic structure in the pneu- 
mogastric as it passes through the foramen lacerum 
posterius. G. postpyramida'le, nucleus clavatus. G. 
pter'ygo-palati'num, spheno-palatine g. G. rena'le, 
mass of cells in solar plexus, near point of origin of 
renal artery. G. ret'inae, delicate layer of large 
ganglion cells, with processes branching to optic 
nerve-fibres of internal molecular layer. G. rhini'- 
cum, spheno-palatine ganglion. G. of Ribes, nervous 
ganglion upon the anterior communicating artery of 
the brain at the point of j unction of the right and 
left trunks of the sympathetic. G., sanguin'eous, G,, 
glandiform. G. semiluna're, G. of Gasser; ophthal- 
mic ganglion. G., sen'sory, see Sensory ganglia. G. 
sola're, semilunar ganglion. G., sphenoi'dal, spheno- 
palatine ganglion. G., sphenopal'atine, see Spheno- 
palatine. G., spi'nal, see Encephalon. G. spina'le in'- 
fimum, G. impar; see Trisplanchnic nerve. G. spira'le, 
ganglion Cortii. G. splanch'nico-suprarena'le, gan- 
glion on small splanchnic nerve. G. splanch'nicum, 
ganglion on great splanchnic nerve ; semilunar gan- 
glion. G. stella'tum, first dorsal ganglion of sympa- 
thetic nerve. G. sublingua'le, submaxillary ganglion. 
G., submax'illary, see Submaxillary. G. of the supe'- 
rior larynge'al branch, see Pneumogastric nerves. G. 
supe'rius va'gi, ganglion of root of vagus nerve. G. 
supramaxilla're poste'rius, occasional plexus on 
superior dental nerves. G. supre'mum sympath'ici, 
ganglion cervicale (superior). G. tec'ti, nucleus of 
gray matter in cerebellum, over roof of fourth ven- 
tricle. G., tem'poral, see G., intercarotid. G. thora'- 
cicum pri'mum, G. cervicale (inferius). G. thyroi'- 
deum, ganglion cervicale (medium); see Trisplanch- 
nic nerve. G. thyroi'deum supe'rius, occasional 
ganglion situate above middle cervical ganglion. 
G. transver'sum, G. semilunare. G. trun'ci va'gum, 
G. of trunk of vagus. G., vas'cular, G., glandiform. 
G., ver'tebral, G. cervicale inferius; see Trisplanchnic 
nerve. G. of Wris'berg, cardiac ganglion. 
Gan'glionary. Ganglionic. 
469 
GANGRENE 
Ganglionemphraxis, gan-gle-on-em-fraks'is {gan- 
glion, emphraxis, obstruction). Obstruction of lymph- 
atic glands. 
Ganglion'ic. Ganglion ary, Gangliar, Gangliated. Ee- 
lating to ganglia; nerves are so called in the course 
of which ganglions are met with, as the greater 
part of the branches of the great sympathetic or 
trisplanchnic nerve, the posterior roots of the spinal 
nerves, etc. Ganglionics are agents affecting the gan- 
glionic or great sympathetic system of nerves, as 
stimulants and sedatives. G. ar'teries, branches from 
trunks forming the circle of Willis, which furnish 
blood to the basal ganglia. G. cel'lular lay'er, layer 
of bulbus olfactorius, having nerve-cells resembling 
pyramidal cells of cortex cerebri. G. col'umns of 
spi'nal cord, see Columns of spinal cord. G. lay'er, 
outer layer is made up of strata of large, vertically 
oval nuclei, which are contained in bipolar spindle- 
shaped cells, which are prolonged into fibres; the 
outer layer consists of large nerve-cells, mostly sphe- 
roidal, each of which is connected below with nerve- 
fibres from adjacent layer. G. nerve, trisplanchnic 
nerve. G. ner'vous sys'tem, see Trisplanchnic nerve. 
G. sali'va, saliva excited by irritation of submaxil- 
lary ganglion. 
Ganglioni'tis or Gangliitis, gan-gle-e'tis. Inflam- 
mation of a nervous ganglion or of a lymphatic gan- 
glion; adenitis. G., mesenter'ic, inflammation of the 
mesenteric glands; adenitis mesenterica. G. periph- 
er'ica et medulla'ris, cholera. 
Gangliopathy, gan-gle-op'ath-e {ganglion, pathos, 
affection). Disease of the ganglionic nervous system; 
condition in which debility is associated with paral- 
ysis, hyperaesthesia, or dysaesthesia of the solar 
plexus and the central ganglia of the sympathetic 
system. 
Gan'glium. Ganglion. G. Gasse'ri, ganglion of 
Gasser. 
Gangraena, gan-gre'nah {graino, to gnaw or eat). 
Gangrene. G. alope'cia, alopecia. G. ca'ries, caries. 
G. idiopath'ica, senile gangrene. G. neurot'ica, gan- 
grene following Reynaud's disease. G. nosocomia'lis 
or nosocomio'rum, hospital gangrene. G. o'ris, can- 
cer aquaticus. G. os'sis, spina ventosa. G. os'sium, 
caries. G. Pott'ii, see Gangrene. G. pulmo'num, 
gangrenous inflammation of the lungs. G. seni'lis, 
gangrene of old people; see Gangrene. G. sic'ca, dry 
gangrene. G. spha'celus or sponta'nea, sphacelus. 
G. tonsilla'rum, cynanche maligna. G. ustilagin'ea, 
ergotism. G. vagi'nse, putrescency or gangrene of 
the vagina. 
Gangraenescen'tia. Gangrsenosis. 
Gangraen'icus or Gangrasno'des. Gangrenous or 
gangrenoid. 
Gangraenoma, gan - gre - no' mah. Gangrenous 
growth. 
Gangraenopsis, gan-gre-nop'sis {gangriena, opsis, 
countenance). Cancer aquaticus; gangrenous inflam- 
mation of the eyelids or cheek. 
Gangraenosis, gan-gre-no'sis. State of being gan- 
grenous or of becoming gangrenous. 
Gangraenosus, gan-gre-no'sus. Gangrenous. 
Gangrene, gan'green. Local death; privation of 
life or partial death of an organ. It is attended 
with a sudden diminution of feeling in the part af- 
fected ; livid discoloration; detachment of the cuticle, 
under which a turbid fluid is effused; and with crepi- 
tation, owing to the disengagement of air into the 
areolar texture. When the part has become quite 
black, and incapable of all feeling, circulation, and 
life, it constitutes the second stage, or mortification, 
and is called sphacelus. Gangrene is frequently used 
synonymously with mortification, local asphyxia 
being the term employed for the condition in which 
the parts are in a state of suspended animation, and 
consequently susceptible of resuscitation. When the 
part is filled with fluid entering into putrefaction, the 
affection is called humid or moist gangrene; when it is 
dry and shrivelled, it constitutes dry gangrene, mum- 
mification. To this class belongs senile gangrene or 
spontaneous gangrene of old people, which rarely GARTNER 
leaves of Lepidium sativum; diuretic, expectorant, 
antiscorbutic. G. en'dive, Cichorium endivia. G. 
mar'igold, Calendula officinalis. G. nastur'tium, 
Tropceolum majus. G. night'shade, Solanum nigrum. 
G. rad'ish, Raphanus sativus. G. sage, Salvia officin- 
alis. G. sorrel, Rumex acetosa. G. spurge, Euphor- 
bium lathyris. G. thyme, Thymus vulgaris. 
Garde'nia campanula'ta (after Dr. Alex. Garden 
of Carolina). Indian bush; berries are anthelmintic 
and purgative. G. dumeto'rum, Randia dumetorum. 
G. flor'lda, Japanese and Chinese plant, fruit of which 
is employed in phthisis, cutaneous affections, fevers, 
etc. The fruit of G. grandiflo'ra, which has the same 
habitat, has similar properties. G. medicina'lis, 
plant of Guinea; its fruit has the same effects as other 
fruits of the genus Gardeniacese. G. radi'cans, fruit 
has same properties as G. florida. G. spino'sa, Randia 
dumetorum. G. suave'olens, Brazilian plant; leaves 
and internal part of husk of fruit are tonic. 
Garden'ic acid. See Gardenin. 
Gardenin, gard'en-in. Yellow crystallized com- 
pound derived from Gardenia lucida by dissolving its 
resin in alcohol. When gardenin is treated with 
nitric acid, a red crystallized acid is obtained, gar- 
denia acid, CuHioOe. 
Garetum, gar-a'tum. Posterior part of knee-joint. 
Gargale (gaPgal-e), Gargalis'mus, or Gar'galus 
(gargalizo, to tickle). Titillation, irritation, itching; 
masturbation; animal magnetism. 
Gargareon, gar-gah're-on. Uvula. 
Gargarisatio, gar-gar-iz-ah'she-o. Gargling. 
Gargarism, gar'gar-izm (gargarizo, to wash the 
mouth, to gargle, formed by onomatopoeia). Gargle ; 
liquid medicine intended to be retained in the mouth 
for a certain time, and to be thrown in contact with 
the uvula, velum pendulum, tonsils, etc.; the liquid 
being agitated by the air issuing from the larynx, the 
head being thrown back. Gargles are employed in 
various diseases of the mouth and throat, and are 
made of stimulants, sedatives, astringents, refrig- 
erants, etc., according to circumstances. The process 
is termed gargling. 
Gargarisma, gar-gar-iz'mah. Gargarism, gargle. 
Gargarismus, gar-gar-iz'mus. Gargling. 
Gargarization, gar-gar-i-za'shun. Gargling. 
Gar'get. Phytolacca decandra. Inflammation of 
the udder of cows ; form of distemper in hogs. 
Gargina (gar-ge'nah) balsam. See Dipterocarpus. 
Gargle, gar'g'l. See Gargarism. 
Garg'ling. See Gargarism. 
GarTic. Allium. G., common or English, Allium 
sativum. G., hedge, alliaria. G., meadow, Allium 
Canadense. 
Gar'lock. Sinapis arvensis. 
Garos'mus. Chenopodium vulvaria. 
Garou (gar-oo') bark. Daphne gnidium. 
Garretum, gar-ra'tum. Posterior portion of knee- 
joint. 
Gar'rick fe'ver. See Fever, Siddons. 
Gar'rod's thread test for uric acid. Five to six 
minims of acetic acid are added to gij of blood-serum 
in a glass dish. When the fluids are thoroughly 
mixed a thread is introduced; if uric acid is present, 
crystallization will occur along the thread after a few 
hours. 
Garrotte, gar-rot' (F.) (garrotter, to tie fast). Com- 
pressing bandage, tightened by twisting a small cylin- 
der of wood, by which the arteries of a limb are com- 
pressed, for the purpose of suspending the flow of 
blood in cases of hemorrhage, aneurism, amputation, 
etc. 
Garrulitas, gar-ru'lit-as (garrio, to chatter). Lo- 
quacity. G. cun'ni or vul'vse, audible discharge of 
flatus from the vagina. 
Gar'rya Fremont'ii. California shrub, Skunk-bush, 
and, from its reputed antiperiodic properties, Fever 
or Quinine bush. Astringent, bitter, soluble alkaloid, 
called garryine, has been derived from it. 
Gar'ryine. See Garrya Fremontii. 
Gart'ner, canals or ducts of. Excretory ducts of 
the Wolffian bodies disappear in the human female, 
GANGRENOUS 
admits of cure. Gangrene of any kind may be 
caused by violent inflammation, external injury 
(traumatic gangrene), contusion, a burn, congelation, 
the ligature of a large arterial trunk, mechanical ob- 
struction to the return of blood (static gangrene), or 
by some inappreciable internal cause. G., ca'seous, 
caseation. G., cir'cumscribed pul'monary, localized 
gangrene generally involving the lower lobes of the 
lung at the periphery, due to traumatism or plugging 
up of blood-vessels. G., decu'bital, bed-sore. G., dry, 
see Gangrene. G., embol'ic, gangrene caused by an 
embolus or clot that interferes with the circulation 
of the blood. G., ful'minant, acute inflammatory gan- 
grene. G., hos'pital, see Hospital gangrene. G., hu'- 
mid, see Gangrene. G. of the lungs, gangrenous in- 
flammation of the lungs. G., moist, see Gangrene. 
G., pul'monary, gangrenous inflammation of the 
lungs. G., pulp'y, hospital gangrene. G., se'nile, 
see Gangrene. G., spontaneous, see Gangrene. G., 
stat'ic, see Gangrene. G., symmetrical, Raynaud's 
disease. G., traumat'ic, see Gangrene. 
Gangrenous, gan'gren-us. Affected with or relat- 
ing to gangrene. G. ero'sion of cheek, cancer aquat- 
icus. G. stomati'tis, see Stomatitis gangrsenosa. 
Gan'nal's solu'tion. Solution preserving ani- 
mal substances, made by dissolving 3j of acetate of 
aluminium in of water. It has been employed 
externally in parasitic skin diseases and as an anti- 
septic. 
Gant'elet (F.) or Gaunt'let ([F.J gant, glove). 
Bandage enveloping the hand and fingers like a 
glove, made with a long roller about an inch broad, 
and applied so that the fingers are covered to their 
tips. The demigauntlet includes only the hand and 
base of the fingers. Both bandages are used in frac- 
tures and luxations of the fingers, burns of the hand, 
etc. See Chirotheca. 
Gant's opera'tion. Operation for relief of anky- 
losis of the hip, consisting in section of the thigh-bone 
below the trochanter. 
Gaol cachexia, jail kak-eks'e-ah. See Cachexia. 
Gapes. Respiratory disease of fowls from presence 
of a parasite, sclerostoma syngamus. 
Ga'ping. Yawning. 
Gaps, cra'nial. Congenital fissure of the skull. 
Garcinia cambogia (gar-sin'e-ah kam-bo'je-ah) or 
cambogioides, kam-bo-ge-o-e'dees (after Dr. L. Garcin, 
an English traveller, who described it). Ord. Guttif- 
erse. Tree of Ceylon and E. India, affording concrete 
juice similar to gamboge. G. Celeb'ica, species of E. 
and W. Indies; fruit is febrifuge. G. flor'ida, sang- 
shihsee; grows in Asia; fruit is demulcent and re- 
frigerant ; leaves are emetic, stimulant, and diuretic. 
G. gambo'gia, G. cambogia. G. grandiflo'ra, similar 
in general and therapeutic properties to G. florida. 
G. gummif'era grows in India; exudes resin ; said to 
have antispasmodic properties. G. gut'ta, G. cam- 
bogia, G. morella. G. Hanbur'ii or Hanbur'yi, Siamese 
and Cochin Chinese tree, the officinal source of gam- 
boge in some pharmacopoeias. G. In'dica, G. purpurea. 
G. ko'la, African tree ; seeds are bitter, astringent, 
and stimulant. G. Malabar'ica, resin of this tree of 
Malabar is cathartic. G. mangosta'na, systematic 
name of the mangostan, mangoustan, mangostine, or 
mangosteen tree, mangostana; growing in abundance 
in Java and the Molucca Islands. The fruit, about 
the size of an orange, is eaten in almost every dis- 
order. The dried bark is used medicinally in chronic 
diarrhoea, dysentery, and tenesmus, and a strong de- 
coction in ulcerated sore throat. G. morelTa, this 
tree of the E. Indies and Ceylon is a source of an ex- 
cellent quality of gambogia. G. papil'la, G. cambogia. 
G. pedlcella'ta, G. Hanburii. G. picto'ria, Mysore 
gamboge tree; Indian tree from which gamboge is 
derived. G. purpu'rea, from this species concrete 
oil of mangosteen is obtained, called in India kokum 
butter. The oil is extracted from the fruit by boiling. 
It is used in India in cases of chaps. G. Zeylan'ica, 
G. cambogia. 
470 
Gar'den angel'ica. Angelica archangelica. G. ar'- 
tlchoke, Cynara scolymus. G. cress, peppergrass, GARUGA 
but in some of the lower animals, as the pig, they 
persist and receive this name. 
Garu'ga or Garu'ja pinna'ta. Malabar plant, of 
genus Burseraceae, leaves of which are used in dis- 
eases of the liver. 
Garuleum bipinnatum, gar-u'le-um bip-in-nat'- 
um. S. African plant, snakeroot, used as antidote to 
the bites of venomous serpents. It is also used in 
chest diseases, as asthma, and in affections in which 
free secretion from the mucous membrane of the 
bronchia is indicated. It is also diaphoretic and diu- 
retic. 
Ga'rum. Laxative pickle made by collecting the 
liquor flowing from salted and half-putrefied fish; 
formerly used as a condiment. 
Gas. Air. Name once given to carbonic acid de- 
veloped in the vinous fermentation; afterward it was 
appropriated to every permanently elastic fluid; that 
is, which preserves its aeriform state at all tempera- 
tures. Ultimately it was extended to all aeriform 
bodies. Non-permanent gases are generally termed 
vapors; they return to the liquid state when a por- 
tion of their caloric is abstracted. Permanent gases 
are numerous, and the principal ones may be divided 
with regard to their effects on the animal economy: 
471 
GASTRERETHISIA 
of the pylorus; obstruction or congestion of the ves- 
sels of the stomach. 
Gasterasthenia, gas-ter-as-then-e'ah {gaster, asthe- 
nia, debility). Debility of the stomach. 
Gasterataxia, gas-ter-at-aks'e-ah {gaster, ataxia, ir- 
regularity). Gastric disorder, impediment, or weak- 
ness; embarras gastrique. G. aquo'sa, softening of 
the coats of the stomach, and in some parts indura- 
tion, abscess, etc. 
Gastereche'ma or Gastrechema, gas-trek-a'mah 
{gaster, echema, sound). Sound heard on auscultating 
or percussing the region of the stomach. 
Gasteremphraxis, gas-ter-em-fraks'is {gaster, em- 
phraxis, obstruction). Gasterangemphraxis. 
Gasterhysterotomy, gas-ter-his-ter-ot'o-me {gaster, 
hustera, uterus, tome, section). Operation for opening 
the womb by section of the abdomen. Laparohys- 
terotomy. 
Gaste'ria. Aloe. 
Gas'teric. Gastric. 
Gasterohysterotomy (gas-tur-o-his-ter-ot'o-me) or 
Gasterysterotomy, gas-ter-is-ter-ot'o-me. Gasterhys- 
terotomy. 
Gastradenltis, gas-trad-en-e'tis. Gastro-adenitis. 
Gastrsemia, gas-tre'me-ah {gastro, haima, blood). 
Hyperaemia of the stomach. 
Gas'tral. Gastric. 
Gastral'gia {gastro, algos, pain). Cardialgia; pain 
in the stomach or in the gastric region; gastrodynia. 
Gastranabole, gas-tran-ab'o-la {gaster, anabole, 
throwing up). Bringing up of contents of stomach 
by vomiting or at pleasure, as in rumination. 
Gastraneu'ria {gaster, neuron, nerve). Want of tone 
or action of the nerves of the stomach. 
Gastraneurysma, gas-tran-u-riz'mah {gastro, aneur- 
usma, dilatation). Aneurism of the stomach; dilata- 
tion of the stomach. 
Gastrangemphraxis, gas-tran-jem-fraks'is. Gaster- 
angemphraxis. 
Gastrataxia, gas-trat-aks'e-ah. Gasterataxia. 
Gastratrophia, gas-trat-rof'e-ah {gastro, atrophia, 
wasting). Atrophy of the stomach. 
Gastreche'ma. Gasterechema. 
Gastrecphlogia, gas-trek-flo'ge-ah {gaster, ekphlo- 
gosis, setting on fire). Inflammation of the stomach; 
variola gastrica. 
Gastrec'tasis or Gastrectasia, gas-trek-tah'ze-ah 
{gastro, ektasis, dilatation). Dilatation of the stomach. 
Gastrec'tomy {gaster, ektome, excision). Excision of 
a portion of the stomach. 
Gastrelcobrosis, gas-trel-ko-bro'sis {gastro, helkos, 
ulcer, brosis, eating). Corrosion and perforation of 
the stomach. 
Gastrelcosis, gas-trel-ko'sis {gastro, helkosis, ulcera- 
tion). Ulceration of the stomach. When accompanied 
with hectic, it constitutes gastrophthisis or gastroph- 
thoe. See Ulcus perforans. 
Gastrelytrotomia, gas-trel-it-ro-tom'e-ah. Laparo- 
elytrotomy. See Ceesarean section. 
Gastremphraxis, gas - trem - fraks' is. Gasterem- 
phraxis. 
Gastrencephaloma, gas-tren-sef-al-o'mah {gastro, 
enkephalos, brain, oma, tumor). Encephaloid of the 
stomach. 
Gastrenchyta, gas-tren'kit-ah {gastro, en, chuo, to 
pour). Stomach-pump. 
Gastrenteralgla, gas-tren-tur-al'je-ah {gastro, en- 
teron, intestine, algos, pain). Pain or neuralgia in the 
stomach and bowels. 
Gastrenteric, gas-tren-ter'ik. Gastro-enteric. 
Gastrenteritic. Gastro-enteritic. 
Gastrenteritis, gas-tren-tur-e'tis. Gastro-enteritis. 
Gastrenteromala'cia or Gastrenteromalaxis, gas- 
tren-tur-o-mal-aks'is {gastro, enteron, intestine, malakia, 
softening). Softening of the stomach and intestines. 
Gastrepatic, gas-trep-at'ik. Gastrohepatic. 
Gastrepatitis, gas-trep-at-e'tis {gastro, hepatitis, in- 
flammation of the liver). Inflammation of the stom- 
ach and liver. 
Gastrepiploic, gas-trep-ip'lo-ik. Gastroepiploic. 
Gastrerethis'ia or Gastrerethis'mus {gastro, ere- 
1 TrrPjmirnWp 
' 
' 
Ammoniacal gas, chlorohydric acid gas, 
deutoxide of nitrogen, nitrous acid 
gas, and chlorine. 
2' Venous gaset' 
3. Positively delete- 
rious gases. 
Hydrogen, nitrogen, carbonic acid. 
Oxygen, protoxide of nitrogen, carbu- 
retted hydrogen, carbonic oxide, sul- 
phuretted hydrogen, and arseniu- 
retted hydrogen. 
Some gases, as oxygen, are exciting; others, as azote, 
depressing; while others, again, as protoxide of nitro- 
gen or laughing gas, produce singular effects. 
Gas ammoniaca'le. Ammonia. G. anima'le san'- 
guinis, gas sanguinis. G. azo'ticum, azote. G. azo'- 
ticum oxygena'tum, nitrogen, gaseous oxide of. G. 
cau'tery, see Cautery. G. hepat'icum, hydrogen, sul- 
phuretted. G. hydroge'nium sulphur e'turn, hydro- 
gen, sulphuretted. G., intoxicating, nitrogen, gase- 
ous oxide of. G., laughing, nitrogen, gaseous oxide 
of. G. of the lungs, gas, pulmonary. G., marsh, 
hydrogen, carburetted. G., ni'trous, dephlogisti- 
cated, nitrogen, gaseous oxide of. G., ox'ygenated 
muriatic acid, chlorine. G., oxymuriatic acid, 
chlorine. G. palus'tre, miasm, marsh. G., par'a- 
dise, nitrogen, gaseous oxide of. G., pul'monary, 
gas of the lungs; expired air, which contains, besides 
common air, an increase of carbonic acid, water, and 
some animal matter. G. san'guinis (gas of blood), 
halitus or vapor given off by freshly-drawn blood. 
G., sew'er, mixture of numerous deleterious and 
other gases, in which disease-producing micro-organ- 
isms may exist and be disseminated. G. sul'phuris, 
sulphurous acid. 
Gas'eous or Gaz'eous. Eelating or appertaining to, 
or having the form of, gas. 
Gas'es, irres/pirable. Gases whose entrance into 
the larynx give rise to reflex spasm of the glottis; 
their presence in the trachea causes inflammation and 
death. 
Gas'kell's clamp. Clamp for compressing the heart, 
used in experiments on that organ, intended to hinder 
impulses from being conveyed from one part of the 
heart to the other, so that the pulsations of the au- 
ricles and ventricles may be separately registered. 
Gasp'ing. See Anhelation. 
Gasse'rian gan'glion. See Ganglion of Gasser. 
Gas-sphyg'moscope. Apparatus by which arterial 
movement of the pulse is indicated on the flame of a 
lamp. 
Gas'ter (belly). Uterus, abdomen, stomach. G. 
mus'culi, belly of muscle; see Muscle. 
Gasteralgia, gas-ter-al'je-ah. Gastralgia. 
Gasterangemphraxis (gas-ter-an-jem-fraks'is), Gas- 
terangiemphrax'is, or Gasteremphrax'is (gaster, an- 
cho, to strangle, emphrasso, to obstruct). Obstruction GASTREUPEPTIC 
thizo, to irritate). Irritability or irritation of the 
stomach. 
Gastreupeptic, gas-tru-pep'tik (gastro, eu, well, pep- 
tos, digestible). Promoting digestive action. 
Gas'trie. Belonging or relating to the stomach. 
G. ac'ids, see Gastric juice. G. ar'teries, these are 
three in number: arteria gastro-epiploica dextra, 
a. gastro-epiploica sinistra, and a. coronaria ventric- 
uli. G. catarrh', gastritis. G. catarrh', chron'ic, 
pyrosis. G. cri'ses, see Crisis. G. fe'ver, fever 
associated with disorders of stomach; typhoid fever. 
G. fis'tula, abnormal communication between stomach 
and external surface of body, through the abdominal 
walls. G. flux, gastrorrhoea. G. fol'licles, gastric 
glands. G. glands, tubular glands having outlet on 
lining membrane of stomach. G. im'pulse, see 
Heart. G. influen'za, see Influenza. G. juice, fluid 
secreted from the mucous membrane of the stomach. 
As met with, it is a mixture of the fluids secreted by 
that organ with those of the supradiaphragmatic por- 
tion of the alimentary canal. Owing to such admix- 
ture the most contrary properties have been assigned 
to it. It was found by the author to contain, in man, 
chlorohydric and acetic acids, associated with a fer- 
ment, pepsin. Gastric juice contains in every 1000 
parts, water, 992.60; pepsin, 3.04; free hydrochloric 
acid, 2.20; alkaline chlorides, 2.0 ; phosphates of cal- 
cium, magnesium, and iron, .16. G. juice, artiflc'ial, 
digestion effected outside the stomach by admixture 
of materials like those of the gastric juice or by the 
gastric juice itself. G. lymphat'ic glands, glands 
along curvatures of stomach. G. nerves, two cords or 
branches by which the pneumogastric nerves termi- 
nate, and which descend on the anterior and posterior 
surfaces of the stomach. Filaments of the great sym- 
pathetic, accompanying the gastric vessels. G. 
omen'tum, epiploon, gastrocolic. G. plex'us, ner- 
vous network formed by the solar plexus, accompany- 
ing coronary artery of the stomach, and passing along 
the lesser curvature of the stomach, to which it gives 
branches. G. si'phon, see Siphon, gastric. G. veins 
follow the same distribution as the arteries, and open 
into the vena porta abdominis. 
Gastricism, gas'tris-izm. Theory that refers all, or 
almost all, diseases to accumulation of saburrse in the 
digestive passages; acute gastritis; indigestion. 
Gastricity, gas-tris'it-e. Disorder of stomach ; in- 
digestion. 
Gastricolous, gas-trik'o-lus (gastro, colo, to inhabit). 
Having a habitat in the stomach; a parasite, for ex- 
ample. 
Gastril'oquist or Gastriloquus, gas-tril'o-kwus. 
Ventriloquist; engastrimyth. 
Gastrimargla, gas-trim-ar'je-ah (gastro, margoo, to 
rage). Gluttony. 
Gastrimargus, gas-trim-ar'gus (same etymon). A 
glutton. 
Gastrismus, gas-triz'mus. Gluttony. See Saburra. 
Gastritic, gas-trit'ik. Eelating to gastritis. 
Gastritis, gas-tie'tis. Inflammation of the stomach ; 
gastric catarrh; disease characterized by pyrexia, 
great anxiety, heat, and pain in the epigastrium, in- 
creased by taking anything into the stomach, vomit- 
ing, and hiccough. It may be seated either in the 
peritoneal or mucous coat, most frequently in the 
latter-esogastritis, endogastritis, gastromycoderitis, gas- 
tritis mucosa-being excited directly by acrid ingesta. 
Various forms of dyspepsia have been s'Wsfed by 
some to be nothing more than chronic gastritis or 
endogastritis. Gastric catarrh, a common form of 
gastritis, marked by active congestion of the organ 
with excessive secretion of mucus, is often produced 
by excess in eating or drinking. G., arthrit'ic, rheu- 
matism or gout of the stomach. G. bacllla'ris, G. 
caused by bacilli. G., croup'ous or diphtherit'ic, 
gastritis with formation of false membrane; may oc- 
cur sometimes as an extension of pharyngeal diph- 
theria. G., follic'ular or gland'ular, inflamma- 
tion of glands of stomach, especially a form met 
with in marasmus of old persons; yellow spots 
of adipose matter appearing on the lining membrane 
472 
GASTROCNEM 11 
of the stomach. G., gland/ular, see Gastro-adenitis. G., 
mam'millated, chronic form of gastritis in which the 
lining membrane of the stomach is mammillated, some 
of the glands being dilated and degenerated, while 
others are atrophied. G. membrana'cea, G., diphther- 
itic. G. myco'tica, gastritis caused or accompanied by 
fungi in the stomach. G. parasita'ria or parasit'ica, 
gastritis caused by parasites in the stomach, as worms, 
etc. G. parenchymato'sa, G., glandular. G., phleg'- 
monous, acute inflammation of the submucous con- 
nective tissue of the stomach, usually accompanied with 
fibrinous exudation and ulceration and abscess, and 
gradually invading the muscular and peritoneal coats. 
It sometimes occurs in typhus fever, blood-poisoning, 
etc. G. prolif'era, gastritis with localized patches of 
hypertrophied mucous membrane; usually a sequence 
of prolonged alcoholism; sometimes these patches 
appear to be warty prominences, and the condition is 
then called G. verrucosa. G. purulen'ta or submu- 
co'sa, G., phlegmonous. G., sup'purative, G., phleg- 
monous. G., toxic, gastritis from poison that has 
been swallowed. G. verruco'sa, see G. prolifera. 
Gas'tro (gaster, belly or stomach). In composition, 
the stomach or belly. 
Gastro-adenitis, gas-tro-ad-en-e'tis. Condition of 
the stomach, especially after acute poisoning by phos- 
phorus or arsenic, in which the gastric glands are in- 
flamed and enlarged, and the epithelial cells filled 
with a finely granular mass, or at a later stage fatty 
granules. 
Gastro-arctia, gas-tro-ark'te-ah (gastro, arcto, to con- 
strict). Narrowness or constriction of the stomach. 
Gastro-arthritic, gas-tro-arth-rit'ik (gastro, arthron, 
joint). Relating to gout of the stomach, or to inflam- 
mation of the stomach with inflammation of a joint. 
G.-a. atax'ia, dyspepsia. G.-a. aton'ia, dyspepsia. 
G.-a. bronchi/tis, fever, adenomeningeal. G.-a. 
enteri'tis, follic'ular, dothinenteritis; see Typhus. 
Gastro-arthritis, gas-tro-arth-re'tis. Simultaneous 
inflammation of the stomach and of a joint; gout. 
Gastro-ataxia, gas-tro-at-aks'e-ah. Debility or dis- 
order of the stomach; dyspepsia. 
Gastro-aton'ia. Atonic dyspepsia; condition of 
want of tone in the stomach. 
Gastroblennozemia, gas-tro-blen-no-za'me-ah. Ab- 
normal secretion of mucus in the stomach. 
Gastrobronchitis, gas-tro-bron-ke'tis. Gastritis and 
bronchitis combined. 
Gastrobrosis, gas-tro-bro'sis (gastro, brosis, act of 
gnawing). Corrosion and perforation of the stomach. 
G. ulcero'sa. Destruction and perforation of the 
coats of the stomach by ulceration. 
Gastrocatharsis, gas-tro-kath-ar'sis. Clearing out 
of the stomach by bringing up its contents by vomit- 
ing or at pleasure, as in rumination. 
Gastrocele, gas-tro-se'le (Eng. gas'tro-seel) (gastro, 
kele, tumor). Hernia of the stomach; hernia formed 
by the stomach through the upper part of the linea 
alba; see Epigastrocele. 
Gastrocephalitis, gas-tro-sef-al-e'tis (gastro, kephale, 
head). Inflammation of the stomach and brain, a 
concomitant of certain malignant fevers. 
Gastrocholecystitis, gas-tro-kol-e-sis'te-tis (gastro, 
chole, bile, cystitis, inflammation of the bladder). Gas- 
tritis with inflammation of the gall-bladder. 
Gastrocholia, gas-tro-kol'e-ah (gastro, chole, bile). 
Bilious derangement of the stomach. 
Gastrocholosis, gas-tro-kol-o'sis (gastro, chole, bile). 
Gastric or bilious fever. 
Gastrocne'me or Gastrocnemia, gas-trok-na'me-ah 
(gastro, kneme, leg). Calf of the leg. 
Gastrocnemii, gas-trok-na'me-e. Name of the two 
fleshy masses occupying the posterior and superficial 
part of the leg, gemelli or gemini, and constituting the 
gastrocnemius externus of English anatomists. They 
are distinguished into internal and external, distinct 
above, but united at their inferior extremity. They 
are long, flat, and thick, and arise-the former from 
the posterior part of the outer condyle of the femur ; 
the latter, from the posterior part of the inner con- 
dyle of the same bone. The aponeurosis, uniting GASTROCNEMIUM 
these muscles below, joins with that of the Solaris, 
and forms with it a large tendon, Tendo Achillis, which 
is inserted at the posterior part of the calcaneum. 
These muscles extend the foot on the leg and the leg on 
the foot. They can also bend the leg and the thigh 
reciprocally on each other. The gastrocnemius and 
soleus constitute, together, the triceps suree, triceps 
suralis, or triceps extensor pedis. See Soleus. 
Gastrocne'mlum. Calf of the leg. 
Gastrocne'mius. See Gastrocnemii. 
Gastrocceliac (gas-tro-se'le-ak) or Gastrocoe'lic. 
Coeliac. 
Gastrocolic, gas-tro-kol'ik. Belonging to the stom- 
ach and colon. G. omen'tum, gastrocolic epiploon. 
Gastrocol'ica. Cardialgia; gastric colic. 
Gastrocolitis, gas-tro-ko-le'tis (gastro, kolon, colon). 
Inflammation of the stomach and colon ; dysentery. 
Gastrocolpotomy, gas-tro-kol-pot'o-me (gastro, kol- 
pos, vagina, tome, section). Form of Caesarean section 
in which an opening is made through the vagina into 
the uterus ; laparo-elytrotomy. See Caesarean section. 
Gastrocystis, gas-tro-sist'is (gastro, kustis, bladder). 
Blastosphere. 
Gastrocystitis, gas-tro-sist-e'tis. Inflammation of 
the stomach and bladder. 
Gastrodermatitis (gas-tro-dur-mat-e'tis) or Gastro- 
dermitis, gas-tro-dur-me'tis (gastro, derma, skin). In- 
flammation of the skin caused by or associated with 
disease of the stomach. 
Gastrodermis, gas-tro-dur'mis (gastro, derma, skin). 
Epithelium of the alimentary canal from the throat 
to the anus. 
Gastrodiabrosis, gas-tro-de-ab-ro'sis. Corrosion 
and perforation of the stomach. 
Gastrodialysis, gas-tro-de-al'is-is (gastro, dialusis, 
dissolution). Solution of continuity of the coats of 
the stomach. 
Gastrodiatrema, gas-tro-de-at-ra'mah (gastro, dia, 
through, trema, perforation). Perforation of the 
coats of the stomach. 
Gastrodiatresis, gas-tro-de-at-ra'sis (same etymon). 
Production or formation of perforation through the 
coats of the stomach. 
Gastrodidymus (gas-tro-did'im-us) or Gastrod'- 
ymus (gastro, didumos, twin). Monstrosity in which 
twins are united by the abdomen. 
Gastrodisc, gas'tro-disk (gastro, diskos, disk). Disk- 
like. Appearance of the innermost germ-layer of the 
embryo on the inner surface of the external germ- 
layer. 
Gastroduodenal, gas-tro-du-o-de'nal. Relating to 
the stomach and duodenum. G. ar'tery, branch of 
hepatic artery to the duodenum and greater curvature 
of the stomach. 
Gastroduodenitis, gas-tro-du-o-den-e'tis. Inflam- 
mation of the stomach and duodenum. See Gastro- 
enteritis. 
Gastroduodenocholecystitis, gas-tro-du-o-de-no- 
kol-e-sis-te'tis. Inflammation of the stomach, duode- 
num, and gall-bladder. 
Gastroduodenopyra, gas-tro-du-o-den-op'ir-ah (gas- 
tro, duodenum, pur, fire or fever). Adenomeningeal 
fever; pituitary fever. 
Gastroduodenostomy, gas-tro-du-o-den-os'to-me 
(gastro, duodenum, stoma, mouth). Operation for es- 
tablishing an artificial opening between the stom- 
ach and the duodenum; a form of gastroduodenal 
fistula. 
Gastroduodenotyphus, gas-tro-du-o-de-no-ti'fus. 
Typhus fever. 
Gastrodyme, gas'tro-dime. Gastrodidymus. 
Gastrodyne, gas-trod'in-a (gastro, odune, pain). Car- 
dialgia ; gastralgia; gastrodynia. 
Gastrodyn'ia. Cardialgia; gastralgia. G. flatu- 
len'ta, colica flatulenta. 
Gastrodysneuria, gas-tro-dis-nu're-ah (gastro, dys, 
with difficulty, neuron, nerve). Disorder of the ner- 
vous apparatus of the stomach. 
Gastro-ectas'ia or Gastro-ectasis, gas-tro-ek'tas-is 
(gastro, ektasis, dilatation). Dilatation of the stomach. 
Gastro-elytrotomy, gas-tro-el-it-rot'o-me (gastro, 
473 
I GASTROHYPERNEURIA 
elutron, vagina, tome, section). Laparo-elytrotomy. See 
Caesarean section. 
Gastro-encephalitis, gas-tro-en-sef-al-e'tis. Inflam- 
mation of the stomach accompanied with cerebral 
symptoms. 
Gastro-encephalo'ma. Encephaloma of the stom- 
ach. 
Gastro-enteral'gia (gastro, enter on, intestine, algos, 
pain). Pain in the stomach and intestine. 
Gastro-enteric (gas-tro-ent-er'ik) or Gastrenter'ic 
(gastro, enter on, intestine). Eelating to the stomach 
and intestine. 
Gastro-enteritic (gas-tro-ent-er-it'ik) or Gastren- 
terit'ic (gastro, enteron, intestine). Eelating to gas- 
tro-enteritis. 
Gastro-enteritis (gas-tro-en-ter-e'tis), Gastrenteri'- 
tis, or Gastro-ectasis, gas-tro-ek'tas-is. Inflammation 
of the stomach and small intestine. Gastro-enteric 
disease. According to Broussais, essential fevers are 
forms of gastro-enteritis. Membranous inflammation 
of the bowels in veterinary medicine. G.-e., follic''- 
ular, typhoid fever. G.-e. muco'sa, inflammation 
of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intes- 
tines. G.-e. nervo'sa, typhoid fever. 
Gastro-enterocoli'tis. Inflammation of the stom- 
ach, small intestine, and colon. 
Gastro-entero-meningitis, gas-tro-en'ter-o-men-in- 
je'tis (gastro, enteron, intestine, meninx, membrane). 
Gastro-enteritis complicated with meningitis, and 
perhaps phlebitis and carditis. 
Gastro-enteropathy, gas-tro-ent-er-op'ath-e. Gas- 
tro-intestinal disease. 
Gastro-enterostomy, gas-tro-ent-er-os'to-me (gastro, 
enteron, intestine, stoma, mouth). Operation for cre- 
ating fistulous communication between the stomach 
and intestine. 
Gastro-enterotomy, gas-tro-ent-er-ot'o-me (gastro, 
enteron, intestine, tome, incision). Operation of opening 
the stomach and bowel through the abdominal wall. 
Gastro-epiploic, gas-tro-ep-ip-lo'ik. Eelatingtothe 
stomach and epiploon. G.-e. ar'teries, gastrica inferior 
arteries, are two in number, right and left. The right, 
also called gastrohepatic, gastrica inferior dextra, gas- 
tro-epiploica dextra, is furnished by the hepatic artery, 
descends behind the pylorus, and passes from right to 
left along the great curvature of the stomach. It 
gives branches to the pancreas, duodenum, stomach, 
omentum majus, and terminates by anastomosing 
with the gastro-epiploica sinistra, gastrica sinistra, or 
inferior sinistra. This-the left-arises from the sple- 
nic artery, and passes from left to right along the 
great curvature of the stomach, distributing branches 
more particularly to the stomach and omentum ma- 
jus. It terminates by j oining the right gastro-epiploic. 
G.-e. gan'glions or glands are the lymphatic ganglions 
or glands, situate toward the great curvature of the 
stomach, between the two anterior laminae of the 
omentum majus. G.-e plex'us, branches of the he- 
patic plexus distributed to the left gastro-epiploic 
artery. G.-e. veins are distinguished, like the ar- 
teries, into the right and left. They empty them- 
selves, the former into the superior mesenteric, the 
latter into the splenic vein. 
Gas-tro-epiplo'ica dex'tra. Eight gastro-epiploic 
artery. G.-e. sinis'tra, left gastro-epiploic artery. 
Gastrogen'ital. Eelating to the stomach and gen- 
ital organs. 
Gastrohsemorrha'gia. Hemorrhage from the stom- 
ach ; vomiting of blood. 
Gastrohepatic, gas-tro-hep-at'ik (gastro, hepar, the 
liver). Eelating to the stomach and liver. G. ar'- 
tery, occasional artery, being the common trunk of 
the gastric and hepatic arteries. G. omen'tum, epip- 
loon, gastrohepatic. 
Gastrohepatitis, gas-tro-hep-at-e'tis (gastro, hepar, 
liver). Simultaneous inflammation of the stomach and 
liver. 
Gastrohypernervia, gas-tro-hip-er-nur've-ah. Mor- 
bidly increased activity of the nerves of the stomach. 
Gastrohyperneu'ria. Morbidly increased activity 
of the nerves of the stomach. GASTROHYPON ERVIA 
Gastrohyponervia, gas-tro-hip-o-nur've-ah. Want 
of tone or nervous force of the stomach. 
Gastrohyponeu'ria. Want of tone or nervous force 
of the stomach. 
Gastrohyster ectomy, gas-tro-his-tur-ek'to-me (gas- 
tro, ektome, excision). Excision of a portion of the 
stomach; caesarean section. 
Gastrohysteropexy, gas-tro-his'ter-o-pex-e. Opera- 
tion for attaching the uterus by suture to the abdomi- 
nal wall for relief of displacements of that organ. 
Gastrohysterotomy, gas-tro-his-ter-ot'o-me (gastro, 
hustera, uterus, tome, section). Laparo-hysterotomy ; 
Caesarean section. 
Gastro-intes'tinal. Gastro-enteric. 
Gastro-jejunostomy, gas-tro-jej-u-nos'to-me (gastro, 
jejunum, stoma, mouth). Operation for making fis- 
tulous communication between the stomach and jeju- 
num. 
Gastrolienal, gas-tro-li'en-al (gastro, lien, spleen). 
Gastrosplenic. 
Gastrolith, gas'tro-lith (gastro, lithos, stone). Cal- 
culus in the stomach. 
Gastrolithiasis, gas-tro-lith-e'as-is. Formation of 
concretions or gastroliths in the stomach. 
Gastrology, gas-trol'o-je (gastro, logos, description). 
Description or physiology of the stomach. 
Gastromalacia, Gastromalaxia (gas-tro-mal-aks'- 
e-ah), or Gastromalacosis, (gastro, malakia, softening). 
Softening of the stomach; may be induced also after 
death by action of gastric secretions. 
Gastroman'tis (gastro, mantis, diviner). Engastri- 
myth. 
Gastromeles (gas-trom'el-ees) or Gastrom'elus (gas- 
tro, melos, limb). Monster with one or more super- 
numerary limbs on the abdomen. 
Gastromelia, gas-tro-mel'e-ah. Condition of gas- 
tromelus. 
Gastromenia, gas-tro-men'e-ah (gastro, men, month). 
Vicarious menstruation from the stomach. 
Gastromeningitis, gas-tro-men-in-je'tis (gastro, men- 
ingitis, inflammation of membrane). Gastric fever. 
Gastrometri'tis. Simultaneous inflammation of 
stomach and uterus. 
Gastrometrotomy, gas-tro-met-rot'o-me (gastro, 
metra, uterus, tome, section). Laparo-hysterotomy; 
Caesarean section. 
Gastromyce'tes. Gasteromycetes. 
Gastromycoderis, gas-tro-mik-od'er-is (gastro, mukos, 
mucus, deris, skin). Lining or mucous membrane of 
the stomach. 
Gastromycoderi'tis (same etymon). Inflammation 
of the mucous membrane of the stomach. 
Gastromyelo'ma (gastro, muelos, marrow). Gas- 
tro-encephaloma. 
Gastronephritis, gas-tro-nef-re'tis. Gastritis with 
nephritis. 
Gastronesteostomy, gas-tro-nes-te-os'to-me. (gastro, 
nestis, jejunum, stoma, mouth). Gastrojejunostomy. 
Gastroneu'ria or Gastronervia, gas-tro-nur've-ah. 
Nervous action; condition or influence of the stomach. 
Gastronosus, gas-tron'os-us (gastro, nosos, disease). 
Gastropathy. 
Gastronusus, gas-tro-nu'sus (gastro, nosos, disease). 
Gastropathy. 
Gastro-oesophagitis, gas-tro-e-sof-aj-e'tis. Inflam- 
mation of the stomach and oesophagus. 
Gastro-omen'tal. Relating to stomach and omen- 
tum, as gastro-omental arteries, gastro-epiploic ar- 
teries. 
Gastropancrea'tic. Relating to the stomach and 
pancreas, as gastro-pancreatic ligament, peritoneal 
fold from pyloric orifice of stomach to anterior part 
of pancreas. 
Gastropancreatitis, gas-tro-pan-kre-at-e'tis. Gas- 
tritis with pancreatitis. 
Gastroparal'ysis. Paralysis of the stomach. 
Gastroparietal, gas-tro-par-i'et-al (gastro, paries, 
wall). Relating to the wall of the stomach or of the 
abdomen covering that organ. 
Gastrop'athy or Gastropathia, gas-tro-path-e'ah 
(gastro, pathos, disease). Disease of the stomach. 
474 
GASTROSPLENIC 
Gastropericarditis, gas-tro-per-e-kar-de'tis. Gas- 
tritis associated with pericarditis. 
Gastroperiodyn/ia {gastro, peri, around, odune, pain). 
Violent periodical neuralgic pain at the pit of the 
stomach. Sool of India. 
Gastroperitoni/tis. Simultaneous inflammation of 
stomach and peritoneum. 
Gastropharyngltis, gas-tro-far-in-je'tis. Gastritis 
associated with pharyngitis. 
Gastrophrenic, gas-tro-fren'ik {gastro, phren, dia- 
phragm). Belonging to the stomach and diaphragm. 
G. lig'ament, reflection of the peritoneum descending 
from the inferior surface of the diaphragm to the 
cardia. 
Gastrophthalmia, gas-trof-thal'me-ah. See Oph- 
thalmia gastrica. 
Gastrophthisis (gast-tro-te'sis) or Gastroph'thoe, 
(gastro, phthio, to waste away). See Gastrelcosis. 
Emaciation or wasting away from disease of the 
abdomen. 
Gastroplegia, gas-tro-plej'e-ah (gastro, plege, stroke). 
Paralysis of the stomach. 
Gastroplethora, gas-tro-pleth-o'rah. Plethora or 
congestion of the stomach. 
Gastropleuritis, gas-tro-plu-re'tis. Gastritis asso- 
ciated with pleurisy. 
Gastropneumonia, gas-tro-nu-mo'ne-ah. Pneumonia 
with gastric complications; gastritis associated with 
pulmonary symptoms. 
Gastropneumonic, gas-tro-nu-mon'ik. Relating to 
the stomach and lung; pneumogastric. 
Gastropyloric, gas-tro-pi-lor'ik. Relating to the 
stomach and pylorus. 
Gastroptosis, gas-tro-to'sis {gastro, ptosis, falling). 
Falling or dragging down of the stomach. 
Gastropul'monary. Relating to the stomach and 
lungs; as gastropulmonary fistula, an artificial com- 
munication between the stomach and lungs; pneu- 
mogastric. 
Gastropyra, gas-trop'ir-ah {gastro, pur, fever). Gas- 
tric fever. 
Gastropyr'etus. Gastric fever. 
Gastrorrhagia, gas-tror-rhaj'e-ah {gastro, rhegnumi, 
to break forth.) Hemorrhage from the stomach; 
vomiting of blood. 
Gastror'raphy, Gastror'aphy, Gastror'rhaphy, or 
Gastrorrhaphe, gas-tror'raph-e {gastro, rhaphe, suture). 
Suture used for uniting penetrating wounds of the 
stomach or abdomen, or gastric fistula of abdomen, 
when too extensive or too unequal to be kept in con- 
tact by position, adhesive plaster, or appropriate 
bandages. Interrupted and quilled sutures are those 
chiefly employed. Operation for relief of gastric 
fistula. 
Gastrorrhexis, gas-tror-rheks'is {gastro, rhexis, rup- 
ture). Rupture of the stomach; corrosion and per- 
foration of the stomach. 
Gastrorrhoea, gas-tror-rhe'ah {gastro, rheo, to flow). 
Gastric catarrh or flux. Increased or excessive secre- 
tion of mucus from the lining membrane of the stom- 
ach. Cceliac flux. 
Gastrosacchorrhoea (gas-tro-sak-or-rhe'ah) or Gas- 
trosuccorrhcea, gas-tro-suk-or-rhe'ah. Excessive se- 
cretion or flow of gastric juice. 
Gastroschisis, gas-tros'kis-is (gastro, schisis, fissure). 
Fissure of the wall of the abdomen. 
Gastroscirrhus, gas-tro-skir'rhus. Scirrhous indu- 
ration or cancer of the stomach. 
Gastroscope, gas'tro-skope {gastro, skopeo, to exam- 
ine). Instrument for viewing, by reflected light, the 
interior of the stomach. 
Gastroscopy, gas-tros'ko-pe. Examination of the 
stomach or abdomen as a means of diagnosis. Ex- 
amination with a gastroscope. 
Gastroseisls {gastro, seisis, shaking). Concussion 
of the stomach. 
Gastro'ses. Generic name for diseases seated in 
the stomach. 
Gastrospasmus, gas-tro-spaz'mus. Spasm or cramp 
of the stomach. 
Gastrosplenic, gas-tro-splen'ik {gastro, splen, the GASTROSPLENITIS 
spleen). Relating to the stomach and spleen. G. 
ar'teries, arteri® gastric® breves. G. lig'ament or 
omen'tum, peritoneal fold between the fundus of the 
stomach and the covering spleen. G. vein, splenic 
vein. 
Gastrosplenitis, gas-tro-splen-e'tis. Inflammation 
of the stomach and spleen. 
Gastrospongio'ma. Fungosity of the stomach. 
Gastrostenosis (gastro, stenos, contracted). Strict- 
ure of the stomach. G. cardi'aca et pylor'ica, nar- 
rowness of the orifices of the stomach, usually from 
cancer. 
Gastrostomy, gas-tros'to-me (gastro, stoma, mouth). 
Operation for making a fistulous opening into the 
stomach through the wall of the abdomen. See Sectio 
dbdominalis. 
Gastrothoracic, gas-tro-thor-as'ik. Relating to the 
stomach and thorax. 
Gastrothoracodidymus, gas-tro-tho-rak-o-did'im-us 
(gastro, thorax, didumos, twin). Double monster united 
at the thorax and abdomen. 
Gastrotomy, gas-trot'o-me (gastro, tome, section). 
Several different operations have been so called, as 
Caesarean section, incision into the abdomen for re- 
moval of internal strangulation or volvulus, to remove 
tumors, or to reduce hernia; laparotomy, abdominal 
section, an opening made in the stomach to remove 
a foreign body from it. Sometimes synonymous 
with gastrostomy. 
Gastrotrachelotomy, gas-tro-trak-el-ot'o-me (gaster, 
trachelos, neck, tome, incision). Opening of the uterus 
through the abdomen for delivery of foetus by incis- 
ion through the cervix uteri. 
Gastrotubotomy, gas-tro-tu-bot'o-me (gastro, tuba, 
tube, tome, section). Hybrid term for operation of 
opening the Fallopian tube through an abdominal 
incision; laparosalpingotomy. 
Gastrox'ia or Gastroxynsis, gas-trox-in'sis (gastro, 
oxus, acid). Dyspepsia attended with excessive acid- 
ity, nausea, or vomiting, and pain. 
Gastroxytes, gas-trox'it-ees. Gastroxia. Larval 
form of animals in scale higher than protozoa. 
Gastrula, gas'tru-lah (small stomach). Gastrule. 
Period in animal development in which it is composed 
of a small sac made up of two layers of cells, this sac 
or cavity being the primitive alimentary canal. 
Gastrulation, gas-tru-la'shun. Formation and de- 
velopment of gastrula. 
Gastrypalgla, gas-trip-al'je-ah (gastro, hupo, under, 
algos, pain). Slight gastralgia. 
Gastrypectasia (gas-trip-ek-tah'ze-ah) or Gastryp- 
ectasis, gas-trip-ek'tas-is (gastro, hupo, under, ektasis, 
dilatation). Slight dilatation or distending of the 
stomach. 
Gastryperneuria, gas-trip-er-nu're-ah (gastro, huper, 
in excess, neuron, nerve). Morbidly increased activ- 
ity of the nerves of the stomach. 
Gastryperpathla, gas-trip-er-path-e'ah (gastro, hu- 
per, over, pathos, disease). Severe disease of the 
stomach. 
Gastryponeuria, gas-trip-o-nu're-ah (gastro, huper, 
under, neuron, nerve). Want of tone or nervous force 
of the stomach. 
Gastrypopathia, gas-trip-o-path-e'ah (gastro, hupo, 
under, pathia, disease). Slight affection of the 
stomach. 
Gastryporrhagia, gas-trip-or-rhaj'e-ah (gastro, hupo, 
under, rhage, flow). Slight gastrorrhagia. 
Gastryporrhcea, gas-trip-or-rhe'ah (gastro, hupo, 
under, rheo, to flow). Slight gastrorrhoea. 
Gastrypostenosis, gas-trip-o-sten-o'sis (gastro, hupo, 
under, stenosis, narrowness). Slight narrowness or 
constriction of the stomach. 
Gastrysterotomy, gas-tris-ter-ot'o-me. Laparo- 
hysterotomy; gastro-hysterotomy. 
Gath'ered. In condition of abscess. G. breast, 
see Mastitis. 
Gath'ering. Abscess, suppuration. 
Gau'dia foa'da (foul enjoyments). Masturbation. 
Gaultheria, gaul-the're-ah (after Dr. Gaulther of 
Quebec). Mountain tea, Partridge berry, Berried tea, 
475 
> GELATIGENOUS 
Grouseberry, Deerberry, Spiceberry, Teaberry, Redberry, 
Wintergreen, Redberry tea, Ground berry, Ground ivy, 
Ground holly, Hill berry, Box berry, Chequer or Checker 
berry. American plant, the leaves of which-Gaul- 
theria (Ph. U. S.)-in infusion are stimulant and 
anodyne. The oil-Oleum Gaultherim (Ph. U. S.)- 
consistsing chiefly of salicylate of methyl, is used, on 
account of its pleasant flavor, to cover the taste of 
other medicines. Gaultheria and the oil are both 
used as antipyretics in rheumatism; dose of the oil, 
gtt. ij-x. G. fra'grans or fragrantis'sima, Indian 
Wintergreen, growing in E. Indies and Japan; the oil 
is stimulant and antispasmodic. G. hu'mills, gaul- 
theria. G. procum'bens, gaultheria. 
Gaulther'ilene. CioHu;- Derivative from oil of 
gaultheria. 
Gaul'therin. Neutral principle from Betula lenta, 
convertible into oil resembling oil of gaultheria. 
Gaultie'ra ripens. Gaultheria procumbens. 
Gaunt'let {gant, glove). Gantelet. 
Gautiera (gaut-e-a'rah) re'pens. Gaultheria. 
Gau'tier's pseu'do-xan'thine. Base (C4H5N5O) re- 
sembling xanthine, obtained from fresh muscle-tissue 
of beef. 
Gauze. Exceedingly thin sheer material. G., ab- 
sorb'ent, gauze from which all dressing and oily mat- 
ters have been removed. G., antisep'tic, unirritating 
antiseptic covering for wounds and surgical dressing, 
made by adding antiseptic materials, as carbolic acid, 
iodoform, corrosive sublimate, etc. See Antiseptic. 
Boracic acid, salicylic acid, thymol, and other sub- 
stances are similarly used. 
Gavage, gav-azh' (F.). Forced feeding, as by pas- 
sage of food into the stomach through an oesophageal 
tube. 
Gavard's mus'cle. Oblique fibres of muscular 
coat of the stomach. 
Gay feath'er. Liatris spicata and other species of 
liatris. 
Gaylussacia (gay-loos-sak'e-ah) or Gaylussac'ea 
resino'sa (after Gay-Lussac). Black huckleberry. 
Indigenous plant whose leaves and root, as well as 
those of Gaylussacia dumosa, dwarf huckleberry, and 
of G. frondosa, blue tangle, indigenous, are used in 
decoction as astringents in diarrhoea, sore throat, etc. 
Gazel. Eibes nigrum; E. rubrum. 
Gazeol, gaz'e-ol. Mixture of impure ammonia, 
20°, acetone, benzol, impure naphthalin, and fresh 
tar, which, when evaporated in a hot-water bath, has 
been used for inhalation in whooping cough and 
bronchial and pulmonary affections. 
Gazeous, gaz'e-us. Gaseous. 
Gazogene, gaz'o-geen {gas, geno, to generate). Port- 
able apparatus for preparing aerated or carbonated 
water. 
Gedeola, ged-e'o-lah. Convex part of liver. 
Gehr'ung's pes'sary. Instrument to be used in 
cystocele, intended to act as a support to the anterior 
wall of the vagina. 
Geisoma (gi-so'mah), Gei'son (geison, eaves of a 
house), or Geisum. Part of frontal bone directly over 
the eyes. 
Geissine (geis'seen) or Geissospermine, geis-so- 
spur'meen. Ci9H2iN2O24'H2O. Alkaloid from bark of 
Geissospermum laeve; cardiac sedative; in large doses 
poisonous. 
Geissospermum (geis-so-spur'mum) Ise've. Tree 
of Brazil, from which pao-pareira bark is obtained; 
tonic, antipyretic, and astringent. G. vello'sii, tree 
of Brazil, whose bark is used in intermittent fever 
as antipyretic and antiperiodic. Leaves, coroba 
leaves, are sometimes used medicinally; poisonous. 
Gela'pium or Gelappium, jel-ap'pe-um. Convol- 
vulus jalapa; Ipomcea jalapa. 
Gelasina, gel-as-e'nah. Dimple. 
Gelasi'ni {gelao, to laugh). Dimples. G. incisi'vi, 
incisive teeth. 
Gelas'ma or Gelas'mus {gelao, to laugh). Canine 
laugh; convulsive laughter. 
Gelatigenous, gel-at-ij'en-us {gelatin, gennao, to en- 
gender). Forming gelatin or gelatinous structure. GELATIN 
Gelatin (jel'at-in) or Gelatine, jel'at-een (gelo, to 
congeal). Immediate animal principle, semitranspar- 
ent, insipid, inodorous, insoluble in cold water, very 
soluble in hot, which it thickens and transforms into 
jelly on cooling; it is obtained pure from fresh calves' 
feet; it is a nutritious substance, and, when dissolved 
in a considerable quantity of water, forms an emol- 
lient fluid, much used in therapeutics, but not easy 
of digestion. Two forms of gelatin are glutin, or gel- 
atin proper, and chondrin. Gelatin is used, in form 
of suppository, to induce rectal evacuations. G., an'i- 
mal, gelatin. G. cul'ture, culture of micro-organism 
prepared on gelatin. G., nu'trient, G. culture. G., 
su'gar of, glycocin. G. suppository, laxative sup- 
pository containing gelatin. G. of Wharton, jelly of 
the cord. Soft, dense, fluid, gelatinous substance en- 
veloping the umbilical cord. 
Gelati'na. Gelatin, jelly. G. alba or albis'sima, 
purified gelatin. G. anima'lis, gelatin. G. aquat'ica 
(aquatic gelatin), Brasenia hydropeltis. G. Wharto'ni, 
G. of Wharton. 
Gelatiniform, jel-at'in-i-form. Resembling gelatin. 
G. mat'ter of intes'tine, albuminose. 
Gelatinize, jel'at-in-ize. To form or convert into 
jelly. 
Gelat'inoid {gelatin, eidos, resemblance). Resembling 
gelatin. Colloid gelatinoids include gelatin, chondrin, 
collagen, elastin, keratin, and mucin. 
Gelat'inous. Relating to, or having the character 
or appearance of, gelatin or jelly. Viscid. G. cap'- 
sules, see Capsules. G. lay'er, layer in the olfactory 
bulb resembling the molecular layer of the cortex of 
the brain. G. nerve-fl'bres, see Nerve-fibres. 
Gelation, jel-a'shun {gelo, to congeal). Congelation; 
frostbite. 
Gela'tum petro'leum. Petrolatum. 
Gel'ding (G. gelten, to castrate). Castration. Eunuch. 
Gelid, jel'id. Cold as ice. 
Gelifica'tion. Gelatinization. 
Gelin, jel'in. Cellulose; collagen. 
Geliy, jel'le {gelo, to congeal). Jelly. Substance of 
soft consistence, tremulous and transparent, obtained 
by appropriate treatment from animal or vegetable 
matters. Vegetable jelly is found in the currant, 
mulberry, and almost all acid fruits when ripe; 
is scarcely soluble in cold water, but readily soluble 
in boiling water, the jelly being, however, almost all 
deposited on cooling. 
Gelose, jel'ose. Substance resembling gelatin found 
in Japanese isinglass; agar-agar. Parabin. 
Gelosin, jel'o-sin. Jellylike substance from Geli- 
dium corneum, used for making suppositories, bougies, 
etc., and as a culture medium for bacteria. 
Gelsemia, jel-sem'e-ah. See Gelseminum. 
Gelsemic (jel-sem'ik) ac'id. Crystallizable acid 
glucoside found in Gelsemium sempervirens. 
Gelsemine, jel'sem-een. White bitter alkaloid from 
Gelsemium sempervirens; dose, gr. See Gel- 
seminum. 
Gelseminia, jel-sem-in'e-ah. See Gelseminum. 
Gelseminic (jel-sem-in'ik) ac'id. Gelsemic acid. 
Gelsem'inine. Alkaloid obtained from Gelsemium 
sempervirens. 
Gelseminum (jel-sem'in-um) or Gelsemium (jel- 
sem'e-um) nit'idum or sempervi'rens. Yellow jes- 
samine. Flowers, root, etc. of this shrub of the 
Southern States, nat. ord. Apocynese, are employed, 
and effluvia from the former are said sometimes to 
induce stupor. The rhizome and rootlets are officinal 
under the name Gelsemium. Gelseminum is a ner- 
vous and arterial sedative, and in overdoses a poison. 
The antidotes to gelsemium-poisoning are atropine, 
stimulants, and artificial respiration. It is usually 
prescribed in the form of tincture. An alkaloid, Gel- 
seminia, Gelsemine, or Gelsemia, has been obtained 
from the bark of the root; it is excessively bitter 
and poisonous. 
Gelsem'ium el'egans. Chinese plant, rhizome of 
which contains an alkaloid having tetanic effects. G. 
lu'cidum or nit'idum has antispasmodic and anal- 
gesic properties. 
476 
GENERATIO 
Gelu, jel'u. Geliy. 
Gelus, jel'us. Laughter. See Risus. 
Gely's (zha'le's) su'ture. See Suture. 
Gemel'lary. Twin-bearing or producing. 
Gemelli, jem-el'le (twins). Twin muscles or or- 
gans. Gastrocnemii; ischiotrochanterianus; testicles. 
G. su'rse, gastrocnemius. 
Gemellip'arous (gemellus, twin, pario, to bring 
forth). Producing twins. 
Gemellus, jem-el'lus. One of two children, twins, 
born at the same accouchement or gestation. Eelat- 
ing to twins, as twin conception. G. mus'culus, long 
portion of triceps brachialis, united to the inner 
portion. Marsupialis. Bifemorocalcaneus muscle. 
Gemination, jem-in-a'shun. Production of twins; 
duplication. 
Gemini, jem'in-e (twins). Gastrocnemii; ischio- 
trochanterianus ; testicles. 
Geminiformis, jem-in-e-for'mis. Gemellus inferior 
muscle. 
Gem'inum. Optic lobes. G. cen'trum semicircu- 
la're, taenia semicircularis. 
Gem'inus. Gemellus. 
Gemipoma, jem-e-po'mah. Mamma. 
Gemitus, jem'it-us. Sighing; groaning. 
Gemma, jem'mah (bud). Granulation. G. oc'uli, 
crystalline. 
Gemmation, jem-ma'shun. Generation by buds, 
which grow and become distinct from one another. 
G., generation by, see Generation. 
Gemmification, jem-me-fik-a'shun. Gemmation. 
Gemmiparity, jem-mip-ar'it-e (gemma, bud, pario, 
to bring forth). Gemmation; generation by budding. 
See Generation. 
Gemmiparous, jem-mip'ar-us (bud-bearing). See 
Generation. 
Gem'mule. Small bud; ovule. 
Gen (gennao, to generate). In composition, gener- 
ating. 
Gena, ja'nah. Cheek, forming lateral part of the 
mouth. Externally, the cheeks have no precise 
limits; they are continuous, above, with the lower 
eyelid ; below, they descend as far as the base of the 
jaw; before, they terminate at the alee nasi and at 
the commissures of the lips; and behind, at the ear. 
They are formed of three layers, dermoid, muscular, 
and mucous. 
Genal, je'nal. Eelating to the cheeks. G. glands, 
molar glands. 
Gendarus'sa ro'sea or vulga'ris. Indian plant, 
nat. ord. Acanthacese, leaves of which are emetic and 
diaphoretic; root, astringent. 
Genea, jen'e-ah. Generation, birth; descent from 
parent to child. 
Geneagenesis, jen-e-ah-jen'es-is (genea, generation, 
genesis). Alternate generation. See Generation. 
Geneanthropy, jen-e-an'thro-pe (genea, anthropos, 
man). Anthropogeny. 
Geneias, gen-i'as (genu, chin). Downy hairs which 
first cover the cheek; bandage passing under the chin. 
Geneion, gen-i'on. Beard; chin. 
Gen'eral anat'omy. See Anatomy. G. paral'ysis, 
general paresis; paralytic dementia; cerebral affec- 
tion characterized by paralysis of motion and speech 
and of sensation, and finally dementia. G. practi- 
tioner, one who practises in all departments of medi- 
cine, surgery, or obstetrics, and does not limit his at- 
tention to any one department, as a specialist does. 
A surgeon-apothecary. 
Generalization, jen-er-al-i-za'shun. Extension of 
disease through the general system or over a large 
surface of the body. Deduction of laws and princi- 
ples from minor facts. 
Generatio, gen-er-ah'she-o. Generation. G. 
sequiv'oca, spontaneous generation; see Generation. 
G. alter'na, alternate generation; see Generation. G. 
cal'culi, lithia. G. homoge'nea, see Generation. G. 
origina'ria, spontaneous generation; see Generation. 
G. ovovivip'arous, see Generation. G. primig'ena 
or primiti'va, see Generation. G. sexua'lis, see Ga- 
mogenesis. G. sponta'nea, see Generation. GENERATION 
Generation, gen-er-a'shun (geno, to engender). Pro- 
creating ; breeding; act of procreating the species; 
aggregate of functions concurring, in organized beings, 
toward the production of their kind. The act of 
generation means the union of the sexes; see Coition. 
The writers of antiquity believed that all organized 
bodies are produced either by what is termed univ- 
ocal or regular generation-homogenesis, generatio 
homogenea, propagatio-which applies to the upper 
classes of animals and vegetables; or by spontaneous 
generation-autogenia, heterogenesis, heterogenia, 
generatio heterogenea, aequivoca, primitiva, primig- 
ena, originaria, or spontanea-which they considered 
applicable to the very lowest classes only, as the 
mushroom, the worm, the frog, etc. Many distin- 
guished naturalists still consider that beings low in 
the scale of animality are produced in the latter way. 
Spontaneous generation and equivocal generation 
have been regarded by many as synonymous; by 
others as the production of a new being from the 
mere combination of inorganic elements; while by 
equivocal generation they understand the evolution 
of a new being from organized beings dissimilar to 
itself, through some irregularity in functions or the 
incipient decay or degeneration of tissues. 
According to ancient theories, the ovaries of the 
female furnish a prolific fluid similar to that of the 
male ; the foetus results from the mixture of the two 
seeds in copulation. Others conceived that the 
ovaries contain ova, which are not developed until 
vivified by the male sperm. Others, again, believed in 
the pre-existence of germs, created since the origin 
of the world, but encased in each other, and becoming 
developed in succession; hence the first female must 
have contained the germs of all subsequent genera- 
tions, and the number of these germs must go on 
always diminishing, until ultimately extinct. This 
was the system of evolution of germs. 
The simplest kind of reproduction does not require 
sexual organs.- The animal separates into several 
fragments, forming so many new individuals. This 
is Fissiparous generation, Fissiparism, Generation from 
fission. 
Another form-Gemmation, Gemmiparous generation- 
consists in the formation of buds, sporules, or germs 
on some part of the body, which at a particular 
period drop off and form as many new individuals, 
requiring but one parent-Monogeny. In Oviparous 
generation the egg is hatched out of the body. In 
Ovoviviparous generation the new being is hatched in 
the excretory passages. In Viviparous generation the 
new individual is born under its appropriate form. 
In Marsupial or Marsupiate generation the young, be- 
ing born at a very early stage of development, is re- 
ceived and nourished in a marsupium or pouch. In 
Alternate generation, Geneagenesis, the young do not 
resemble the parent at birth, and remain dissimilar 
during their whole life, so that their relationship is 
not apparent until a succeeding generation ; thus the 
cercaria undergoes a change into the di stoma; see 
Metagenesis and Parthenogenesis. All these kinds of 
reproduction require the union of sexes-Digeny. 
All the acts comprising the function of generation 
in man may be referred to five great heads : copula- 
tion ; conception or fecundation; gestation or preg- 
nancy; delivery or accouchement; and lactation. 
Generation, act of. See Generation. G., alter 
nate, see Generation and Metagenesis. G. asex'ual, see 
Agamogenesis. G., change'able, metagenesis; alter- 
nate generation; see Generation. G., equiv'ocal, see 
Generation G. by fecundation, see Generation and 
Fecundation. G. by fis'sion, or fissip'arous, see Gen- 
eration. G. by gemmation, see Generation. G., gem- 
mip'arous, see Generation. G., interstitial, accre- 
mentation. G., marsu'pial, see Generation. G., non- 
sex'ual, see Agamogenesis. G., organs of, female, 
see Genital organs and Vulva. G., organs of, male, 
see Genital organs. G., ovip'arous, see Generation. 
G., ovovivip'arous, see Generation. G., reg'ular, see 
Generation. G., sex'ual, see Gamogenesis. G., sponta'- 
neous, abiogenesis; see Generation. G., univ'ocal, 
477 
' GENISTA 
see Generation. G., vir'ginal, parthenogenesis. G., 
vivip'arous, see Generation. 
Gen'erative. Eelating to or assisting in generation; 
genital. G. or'gans, see Genital organs. 
Gener'ic. Pertaining to a genus or to the' same 
genus; hereditary. G. ataxia, paramyoclonus multi- 
plex. 
Generous, jen'er-us {generosus, of a noble race). 
Name given to wines containing a large quantity of 
alcohol. 
Gene'siac or Genesial, jen-e'ze-al. Genital; genera- 
tive. G. cycles, periods in woman's sexual life, from 
puberty to conception, thence to pregnancy, and 
through the period of lactation. 
Genesic, gen-e'sik. Genetic. 
Genesiology, gen-e-se-ol'o-je {genesis, generation, 
logos, discourse). Doctrine of generation. 
Genesis, jen'es-is. Generation; origin or first for- 
mation ; act or process of reproduction. 
Genetalis, jen-et-al'is. Genital. 
Genetic (jen-et'ik) or Genetical, jen-et'ik-al. Gen- 
ital ; relating to sexual organs or functions; relating 
to generation; inherited. Agent or drug affecting 
the generative organs. G. diseases, diseases of the 
sexual functions. ' 
Genetous, jen'et-us. Congenital. 
Ge'nial or Genian, je'ne-an {geneion, chin). Eelat- 
ing to the chin. G. apoph'ysis or pro'cess, promi- 
nence at the posterior part of the symphysis menti, 
formed of four small tubercles. G. tu'bercles, see 
Genian apophysis. 
Genica, jen'ik-ah. Eemedies affecting the repro- 
ductive organs. 
Genicular, jen-ik'u-lar. Eelating to the geniculum. 
Geniculate, jen-ik'u-late {geniculum, small knee or 
joint). Bent in shape like a knee. G. bod'ies, cor- 
pora geniculata. G. gan'glion, enlargement or gan- 
glion on facial nerve in Fallopian canal. G. tract, 
portion of pyramidal tract of crus cerebri. 
Geniculatum, jen-ik-u-lat'um. Geniculate. 
Genic'ulum. Small knee or joint; geniculate body. 
Genio, jen-e'o {geneion, chin). In composition, chin. 
Genio-epiglotticus, jen-e'o-ep-e-glot'tik-us. Fibres 
of genioglossus occasionally connected with the epi- 
glottis. « 
Genioglossus, jen-e-o-glos'sus {genio, glossa, tongue). 
Flat triangular muscle extending from the genian 
apophysis to the inferior surface of the os hyoides 
and tongue, which last it carries forward. An acces- 
sory muscle, having the same origin, is inserted into 
the root of the tongue. 
Geniohyoglos'sus. Muscle having same origin as 
genioglossus, and inserted into the length of the 
tongue, pharynx, and hyoid bone, regulating the 
various movements of the tongue. Genioglossus. 
Geniohyoid (je-ne-o-hi'oid) mus'cle. Geniohyoi- 
deus. G. nerve, offshoot from hypoglossal nerve to 
geniohyoideus muscle. 
Geniohyoi'deus, Geniohyo'des, or Geniohyoi'des. 
Muscle arising from th© genian apophysis and inserted 
at the anterior part of the body of the os hyoides; it 
raises the os hyoides and carries it forward. It may 
also contribute to depress the lower jaw, in contract- 
ing toward the os hyoides. 
Geniopharyngeus, jen-e-o-far-in-ja'us {genio, phar- 
unx, pharynx). Bundle of fibres passing from the 
lower jaw to the sides of the pharynx and forming 
part of the constrictor pharyngis superior muscle. 
Genioplas'tice. Genioplasty. 
Genioplasty, je'ni-o-plas-te {genio, plasso, to form). 
Plastic operation in the region of the chin; operation 
for restoring the chin. At times used instead of 
Genyoplasty for the operation restoring the cheek. 
Genipi, jen'ip-e. Achillea moschata. G. al'bum, 
Achillea moschata, Artemisia rupestris. G. ve'rum, 
Achillea atrata. 
Genista, jen-is'tah. Spartium scoparium. G. Ca- 
narien'sis, see EAodhm lignum. G. hirsu'ta, Spar- 
tium scoparium. G. pur'gans grows in south of 
France; cathartic. G. scopa'ria, Spartium scopa- 
rium. G. spino'sa In'dica, Bahel Schulli; Oriental GENISTOIDES HIRSUTA 
tree, a decoction of the roots of which is diuretic; 
the leaves boiled in vinegar have the same effect. G. 
tincto'ria, Dyer's broom or weed, Dye weed, Base broom, 
Kendall green, Wood-waxer, Green weed, Woodwex; a 
shrub cultivated in this country and in Europe. 
Flowering tops and seeds are cathartic and diu- 
retic. 
Genistoi'des hirsu'ta or tincto'ria (genista, eidos, 
resemblance). Genista tinctoria. 
Genital, jen'it-al (geno, to generate). Genesial. Ee- 
lating to generation or to organs of generation. G. 
cord, a cord formed in the foetal development of the 
generative organs by the union of the two ducts of 
Muller with the lower parts of the Wolffian ducts. G. 
cor'puscles, simple corpuscles of touch in the genital 
organs. G. duct, duct of Muller. G. em'inence, G. pro- 
tuberance. G. fis'sure, furrow extending from the 
genital protuberance in the embryo to the cloaca. 
G. folds, see Genital organs. G. furrow, see Genital 
organs. G. glands, see Genital organs. G. nerve, ex- 
ternal spermatic nerve. G. or'gans, sexual organs; 
Genital, Noble, Natural, or Private parts ; Privities, Privy 
parts, Privy members. The parts inservient to the re- 
production of the species. In man they are numerous; 
some secreting the sperm, as the testicles and their 
appendages; others retaining it, as the vesicular semi- 
nales; and another for carrying it into the organs of 
the female-the penis. In the female the parts of 
generation form an apparatus perhaps more compli- 
cated than that of the male. Some are inservient to 
copulation, as the vulva, vagina, etc.; others to con- 
ception and the preservation of the product for a 
determinate time-as the uterus and appendages; 
while others concur in the alimentation of the infant 
after birth, as the mammae. About the sixth week 
of foetal development, when there is no distinction 
of sex, a genital tubercle appears, soon surrounded by 
two folds of skin, the genital folds (which become 
labia minora or corpora cavernosa, according to sex), 
and on the lower aspect a groove, genital furrow, soon 
after appears (which at a later date becomes the cav- 
ernous portion of the urethra or rima pudendi, accord- 
ing to sex). External distinction of sexes is made by 
transitions from these primitive forms. The internal 
generative organs are developed from the Wolffian 
body, the genital glands-masses of cells lying on the 
inside of that body-and the genital duct, anterior to 
the duct of the Wolffian body. 
The following weights and measurements have been 
made of the organs of generation in the two sexes 
(Vierordt): 
Male Organs of Generation. 
Testicle: 
Weight (testicle with epididymis) (right) 23 g., (left) 26 g. 
(Duroq). 
Volume 14-24 c.cm. (Krause). 
Corpus Highmori, from above below .... 18-27 mm. long. 
posteriorly 7 1 b d 
anteriorly 2 j Droaa- 
Spermatic canals 0.2 in diameter. 
Number of lobules of testicle formed by spermatic 
canals 100-200 
Entire length of spermatic canals 276-341 m. 
Internal surface of spermatic canals, 867-2142 cm. (Henle, 
1867 cm.). 
Coni vasculosi 9-14 mm. long. 
Vasa efferentia: 
At apex of conus 0.4-0.6 mm. thick. 
At base 0.2 mm. 
Spermatozoa (Krause), 0.052-0.062 mm. long. 
Head, 0.0045 long, 0.002-0-0.003 broad, 0.001-0.002 thick. 
Body, 0.006 long, 0.0007-0.001 thick. 
Tail, 0.041-0.052 long, finer than the body. 
Epididymis (stretched) 68-81 mm. long. 
Head 10 broad, 6-8 high. 
Body and tail 5.6-6.8 broad. 
Thickness (antero-posterior) 2.3-3.4 
Canal of epididymis, 6.5-10 m. long, 0.2-0.4 mm. thick. 
Vas deferens, about 300 mm. long (stretched, 400-450). 
Middle piece, 2.5-3 in diameter; lumen, 0.6-0.8. 
Male urethra: 150-170 long-viz.: pars prostatica . . 23-27 
" membranacea 18-23 
" cavernosa . 110-120 
Seminal vesicles: 41-45 long, 16-18 broad, 9 thick. 
Ejaculatory ducts, 20 long; over 2 in breadth at commence- 
ment, and 0.8 in breadth at the end. 
478 
GENITO-SPINAL CENTRE 
Colliculus seminalis, 9-11 long, 2-3 in height and breadth at 
upper end. 
Prostate : Weight, 20.5 g. (Bischoff), 19 g. (Krause). Volume, 
15 c.cm. 
On an average, 27 mm. long (23-34). 
45 broad (32-47). 
20 thick (14-23), measured in a sagittal 
line. 
Cowper's glands 5-9 mm. in diameter. 
Main duct, 4.5-6.S long ; at origin, 1.5 ; at mouth, 0.5 broad. 
The following are some of the measurements of the 
various parts of the genito-urinary apparatus: 
(Bladder, ) 
Penis : Weight . < Urethra, > 193 g. (Bischoff). 
(Penis, J 
Penis in Erection. 
Volume, 60'c.cm. (Krause) 278 c.cm. (Krause). 
Length, 90-110 cm 210 mm. 
Breadth and thickness, 27 40-45 
Preputial glands, 0.3-0.7. 
Female Organs of Generation. 
Ovary: Average weight (according to Puech), 7.0 (5|-10) gm. 
Length Breadth Thickness Volume 
(mm.), (mm.). (mm.), (c.cm.). 
In virgins (Krause) . 41-52 20-27 10-11 4-5 
In women from 35-40) 
years of age who >■ 27-41 14-16 7-9 2-5 
have borne children ) 
Tunica albuginea 0.1-0.5 mm. thick. 
Number of follicles: 
In a child 3 years of age 400,000 (Sappey). 
In a girl aged 18 36,000 (Henle). 
Graafian follicles up to 10-12. 
Ripe (human) ovum 0.1-0.3 mm. in diameter. 
Dimensions of the Ovaries (Mm.). 
(Middle average, according to Puech.) 
Right. Left. 
New-born children, 19.8 mm. New-born children, 18.2 mm. 
Length. Height. Thick. Length. Height. Thickness. 
6-11 year, 26.7 9 4.4 24 8.4 4.5 
13-15 year, 29.6 15 10 25 14 9.3 
19-35 year, 36.5 18 13.7 35 16.7 13.1 
Middle average of both ovaries (Raciborski): 35.7 length; 
17.3 height; 13.4 thickness. 
Uterus. 
Weight, 33-41; after-births, 102-117 g. Volume, 35-50 c.cm.; 
after-births, 86-102. 
Virgins. After-Births. 
Length of uterus from fundus to exter- 
nal mouth 74-81 mm. 87-94 mm. 
Cervix: Length 29-34 
Breadth 25 27-32 
Thickness 16-20 18-25 
End of pregnancy, weight 700 g. 
Volume 5960-6160 c.cm. 
Height 320 mm. 
Breadth 270 mm. 
Thickness 140 mm. 
G. protu'berance, prominence in front of genital 
embryonic opening, becoming afterward clitoris or 
penis, according to sex. G. ridge, longitudinal emi- 
nence in embryo, in which is genital gland. G. tu'- 
bercle, see Genital organs. 
Genitale, jen-it-al'e. Sperm. G. ca'put, glans penis. 
Genitalia, jen-it-al'e-ah. Genital organs. G. vi'ri, 
the male genital organs. 
Genitality, jen-it-al'it-e. Power or capacity of 
performing generative functions. 
Genitals, jen'it-als. Genital organs. 
Genito. In composition, genital, or relating to the 
genital organs. 
Genito-cru'ral nerve. Subpubial or internal ingui- 
nal nerve. Branch of the second lumbar nerve, which, 
passing through the psoas muscle and approaching 
the femoral arch, divides into two branches-internal, 
scrotal, or genital, and external or femoral cutaneous 
branch. 
Genito-enteric (jen'it-o-en-ter'ik) fold. Peritoneal 
fold for spermatic or ovarian artery. 
Genito-spi'nal cen'tre. Space of a few lines in the 
spinal cord corresponding with the fourth lumbar 
vertebrae, which, when excited, produces contraction 
of the bowels; affecting also the bladder, uterus, etc.; 
and, in the dog, causes erection of the penis and ejac- 
ulation of semen. The ano-spinal centre is a correspond- 
ing point in the lower part of the lumbar region, pre- GENITO-URINARY 
siding over the reflex contraction of the sphincter 
ani. The ciliospinal centre, in the cervico-dorsal por- 
tion of the cord, presides over the contraction of the 
radiated fibres of the iris. 
Genito-urinary, jen-it-o-u'rin-a-re. Relating to the 
genital and urinary apparatus. G.-u. apparatus, col- 
lection of organs for the functions of reproduction and 
urination. G.-u. tract, canals or passages connected 
with the genito-urinary apparatus; see Uro-genital. 
Genitu'ra. That which is fecundated or engen- 
dered in the maternal womb. Embryo; foetus; infant. 
Also whatever concerns the generative act, as semen, 
genital organs, etc. Generation. 
Genium, jen-e'um (geneion, chin). Chin. 
Gennesis, gen-na'sis. Genesis ; generation. 
Gennetica, gen-net'ik-ah. Genital organs. 
Gennetlci (gen-net'is-e) morbi. Genetic or genital 
diseases. 
Genneticocnesmus, gen-net-ik-o-nez'mus (gennet- 
ica, knesmos, itching). Itching of the genital organs. 
Genneticonosi or Gennetlconusi, gen-net-ik-on-u'- 
se (gennetica, nosos, disease). Diseases of the geni- 
tals. 
Genne'ticus. Genital. 
Ge'noblast (genos, race, blastos, germ). Ovum; 
spermatozoid; product of sexual union. Cell of sex- 
ual system. 
Genometabole, gen-o-met-ab'o-la (genos, sex, metab- 
ole, change). Sexual change formerly imagined to 
take place after change of life in woman. 
Genonusi, gen-on-u'se (genos, sex, nousos, disease). 
Sexual diseases. 
Genoplasty, je'no-plas-te (genu, jaw, plasso, to form). 
Genioplasty; meloplasty. 
Gen'sang or Gen'seng. Panax quinquefolium. 
Gentia, jen'she-ah. Gentianina; gentisic acid. G., 
aut'umn, Gentiana amarella. 
Gentian, jen'she-an (after Gentius, king of Illyria, 
who used some species medicinally). Gentiana lutea; 
triosteum; Erythroea centaurium. G., bit'ter, gen- 
tiopicrin. G., blue or Catesbian, Gentiana Catesbaei. 
G., com'mon, Gentiana lutea. G. cross'worts, Gen- 
tiana cruciata. G., fel'wort, Gentiana amarella. G., 
horse, triosteum. G. root, see Gentiana lutea. In 
several European countries root of G. purpurea, G. 
punctata, G. Catesbaei, G. maurophylla, and G. pan- 
nonica. G., south'ern, Gentiana Catesbaei. G. violet 
stain, used for staining pathological tissue speci- 
mens and micro-organisms. G., white, Laserpitium 
latifolium, triosteum, Gentiana alba. G., yellow, Gen- 
tiana lutea; see Calumba. 
Gentiana, jen-she-an'ah. G. lutea. G. acau'lis or 
G. alba, Laserpitium latifolium. G. amarella, fel- 
wort or autumn gentian of America and Europe; 
tonic and antipyretic. G. amarylloi'des, G. quinque- 
flora. G. asclepiadea, milkweed or willow gentian 
of Central Europe; root is tonic. G. auricula'ta 
grows in Northern Asia; tonic and antiscorbutic. G. 
cachenlaguen, Chironia Chilensis. G. Catesbse'i or 
Catesbia'na, Blue gentian, Catesbian or Southern gentian, 
Bluebells, Bitterroot; ord. Gentianaceae. Pure and 
simple bitter; root may be used wherever that of the 
Gentiana lutea is proper. G. centau'rium, Erythraea 
centaurium. G. chiray'ta, chirayi'ta, or chira'ta, chi- 
rata (Ph.U. S. and Br.), chirayita, chirayeta; a native of 
India; the herb and root have been much employed in 
that country in dyspepsia and as an antiperiodic in in- 
termittents and atonic leucorrhoea. It yields its virtues 
to alcohol and water. G. crini'ta, see G. quinqueflora. 
G. crucia'ta, European species of gentian; very bitter 
in all its parts. Has been used in hydrophobia for 
some fancied curative effect. G. erythrae'a, species 
growing in China; antiarthritic and aperient, and 
used also for diseases of the eye. G. fimbria'ta, G. 
crinata. G. Gerar'di, chironia or erythraea centau- 
rium. G. lu'tea, systematic name of officinal gen- 
tian, Gentiana, Yellow gentian, Gentian, Felwort; 
ord. Gentianeae. Plant common in the mountains of 
Europe. Root is extremely bitter, and yields its 
virtues to ether, alcohol, and water; is tonic and 
stomachic; in large doses, aperient; usually given in 
479 
GENUA 
infusion or tincture. G. macrophyl'la, Siberian spe- 
cies used in delirium, convulsions, etc. G. ma'jor, G. 
lutea. G. mi'nor, G. cruciata. G. ochroleu'ca, see G. 
saponaria. G. pannon'ica, root is used as substitute 
for G. lutea, as are also G. punctata and G. purpurea, 
latter growing in Alpine regions. G. Peruvi'ana, 
Chironia Chilensis. G. pneumonan'the, marsh gen- 
tian ; all parts are bitter. G. praten'sis, G. ama- 
rella. G. puncta'ta, see G. pannonica. G. purpu'rea, 
root is bitter tonic; see G. pannonica. G. quinquefio'ra, 
Gall weed, five-flowered gentian, and G. crini'ta, 
fringed gentian, indigenous, are possessed of virtues 
similar to Gentiana lutea. G. ru'bra, G. lutea. G. 
sapona'ria, soapwort gentian, and G. ochroleuc'a, 
Sampson's snake-root, indigenous, have tonic proper- 
ties of Gentiana lutea, and are tonic diaphoretics. G. 
scan'dens, Chinese plant, root and leaves of which 
are bitter tonic. G. serra'ta grows in Northern 
America and Europe; bitter tonic. G. spathula'ta, 
variety of Asclepiadea, antiphlogistic; used in haema- 
turia. G. vet'erum, G. lutea. G. villo'sa, G. ochro- 
leuca. 
Gentian'se ra'dix. Gentian root. 
Gentianel'la autumna'lis. Gentiana amarella. G. 
crucia'ta, Gentiana cruciata. 
Gentian'ic ac'id. C4H10O5. Yellow acid crystal- 
lized principle obtained from gentian. 
Gentiani'na, Gen'tianine, Gen'tianin, Gentian'- 
eine, or Gentiania, jen-she-an'e-ah. Neutral sub- 
stance obtained from gentian. 
Gentianite (jen'she-an-ite) or Gen'tianose. Crystal- 
line substance (C16O66H33) obtained from roots of 
various species of gentian. 
Gentilitious, jen-til-ish'us. Hereditary. 
Gentiopicrin, jen-she-o-pik'rin {gentian, pikros, bit- 
ter). C20H30O12. Bitter principle of gentian. 
Gentiotan'nin, Gentiotan'nic ac'id. Tannic acid 
of gentian. 
Gentis'ic or Gentisinic (jen-tis-in'ic) acid. Gen- 
tianic acid. 
Gentisin, jen'tis-in. Gentianic acid. 
Ge'nu. Articulation of the leg with the thigh; 
femorotibial or knee-joint; the knee. The most com- 
plicated articulation in the body, formed by the in- 
ferior extremity of the femur, the superior extremity 
of the tibia, and the patella. The articular surfaces 
of the bones are covered by layers of cartilage and 
by the synovial membrane of the articulation. The 
soft parts of this joint are the ligamentum patellae, 
two lateral ligaments distinguished as internal and 
external; a posterior ligament, ligamentum posticum 
Winslowii; two crucial ligaments, one anterior, the 
other posterior; two interarticular fibrocartilages; 
some albugineous fibres, which form an imperfect 
capsule, etc. The knee receives its arteries from the 
femoral and popliteal; they bear the name of articular. 
Its veins have the same distribution as the arteries, 
and discharge their blood into the saphena and crural. 
Its nerves are furnished by the sciatic, popliteal, 
and crural. The joint is protected by the tendons 
and muscles surrounding it. G. aquseduc'tus Fal- 
lo'pii, flexure in Fallopian aqueduct. G. cap'sulse 
inter'nse, bend dividing internal capsule of brain into 
two parts. G. cor'poris callo'si, see Corpus callosum. 
G. ever'sum, G. excurva'tum, G. extror'sum, G. va- 
rum. G. facia'lis, bend of facial nerve-fibres around 
eminence in bottom of fourth ventricle or in Fal- 
lopian aqueduct. G. intror'sum flex'um, G. inver'- 
sum, G. valgum. G. recurva'tum, curving backward 
of knee-joint, from muscular paralysis and weakness 
of ligaments of this articulation. G. trac'tus op'- 
tici, flexure in tractus opticus. G. ure'thrsa pro- 
stat'icum, bend in prostatic urethra. G. val'gum, 
knock-knee, the legs being bent outward from the 
knee. G. va'rum, bow-leg, bandy-leg; opposite of 
G. valgum. 
Gen'ua arcua'ta. Having the knees bent out- 
ward ; bow-legged; genu varum. G. intror'sum 
flex'a, having the knees bent inward; knock-kneed. 
G. val'ga, knock-knee. G. va'ra, having the knees 
bent inward; knock-kneed. GENUAL 
Genual, jen'u-al. Relating to the knee or to the 
genu of the corpus callosum. 
Genuclast, jen'u-klast {genu, knee, klao, to break). 
Apparatus for forcibly breaking up adhesions at the 
knee-joint. 
Genuflexion, jen-u-fleks'yun {genu, flexus, bent). 
Bending or flexion of the knee. 
Genugra, jen'u-grah {genu, agra, seizure). Gonagra. 
Genuinus, gen-u-e'nus. Legitimate. 
Genupectoral, jen-u-pek'tor-al {genu, pectas, breast). 
Relating to knee and chest. G. position or post'- 
ure, position in which the knee is to the breast; 
method employed in retroflexion of the uterus. The 
patient assumes the knee-chest position for several 
minutes twice daily, drawing the vulva open so as to 
allow the air to enter, which acts as a repositor to 
the uterus. 
Genus, je'nus {genos, race). Collection or group of 
species analogous to each other, and which can be 
united by common characters. When a species can- 
not be referred to a known genus, it constitutes a 
distinct one. G. curatio'nis, reason, mode, or man- 
ner of cure. 
Gen'y. Jaw; chin; beard. 
Genyantralgia, jen-e-an-tral'je-ah {geny, antron, 
antrum, algos, pain). Pain in the antrum of High- 
more. 
Genyantritis, jen-e-an-tre'tis {geny, antron, antrum). 
Inflammation of the antrum of Highmore. 
Genyantron (jen-e-an'tron) or Genyan'trum {geny, 
antron, cave). Antrum of Highmore. 
Genyocynanche, jen-e-o-sin-an'ke. Mumps; cyn- 
anche parotidsea. 
Genyoplasty (jen'e-o-plas-te) or Gen'yplasty {geny, 
plasso, to form). Plastic operation on the cheek. See 
Genioplasty. 
Genys, jen'is. Jaw; chin; beard. 
Geoffrse'a or Geoffroy'a iner'mis (after Dr. E. F. 
Geoffroy, a French naturalist). Cabbage tree, cab- 
bage-bark tree, wormbark tree. Ord. Leguminosm. 
Odor of the bark is very pleasant It is anthelmintic 
and cathartic. G. Jamaicen'sis, G. inermis. G. pi- 
so'nis or racemo'sa, G. inermis. G. retu'sa, Andira 
retusa. G. spinulo'sa, Brazilian tree, seed of which, 
angelim seed, is anthelmintic. G. Surinamen'sis 
has similar properties. The alkaloid active prin- 
ciples of G. Jamaicensis and G. Surinamensis, 
jamaicine and surinamine, have been separated 
from them. G. vermif'uga, S. American plant 
having fruit, the almond of which, called angeline, 
is vermifuge. 
Geography (je-og'raf-e), med'lcal {ge, earth, grapho, 
to describe). Noso-geography; description of the sur- 
face of the globe as regards the influence of situation 
on the health, vital functions, and diseases of its in- 
habitants, vegetable and animal, but principally on 
those of man. 
Geophagism, je-of'ag-ism {ge, earth, phago, to eat). 
Earth-eating, clay-eating, dirt-eating; act or practice 
of eating earth. 
Geophagist, je-of'aj-ist. Earth-eater, clay-eater; 
one who eats earth. 
Geophila (je-of'il-ah) diversifo'lia. Plant of Mala- 
bar ; used in diarrhoea and externally as application 
to diseases of the eye. G. renifor'mis, plant of W. 
Indies and S. America; emetic. 
Georgia (jor'je-ah) bark. Tonic and antipyretic 
bark of Pinckneya pubens. G. pink, Phlox Carolina. 
Georgopathia, jor-jo-path-e'ah {georgos, tiller of the 
earth, pathos, disease). Pellagra. 
Gerseol'ogy or Geratology, ger-ahol'o-je {geras, 
old age, logos, discourse). Doctrine or description of 
old age, its pathology, hygienic conditions, etc. 
Ger'aflour. Dianthus caryophyllus. 
Gera'nim. Astringent substance from rhizome of 
several species of geranium. 
Geranis, jer'an-is (a crane). Bandage used by the 
ancients in fractured clavicle, dislocation of the 
shoulder, etc. 
Gera'nium {geranos, crane, its pistil being like the 
bill of the crane). Ord. Geraniacem. Crane's bill. G. 
480 
GERMAREUM 
Carolinia'num, see G. Robertianum. G. cicuta'rium, 
Erodium cicutarium. G. dissec'tum, Australian or 
cut-leaved geranium; jagged-leaved dove's foot of 
Australia and Europe. G. foet'idum, G. Eobertianum. 
G., fox, G. Eobertianum. G. macula'tum, in north- 
western parts of the United States. The rhizome of 
this plant, geranium (Ph. U. S.), Spotted crane's bill, 
Crowfoot, Alum root, Tormentil, Storkbill, is employed 
as an antisyphilitic. G. Mexica'num grows in Mex- 
ico ; its root is used in diarrhcea and dysentery. G. 
mol'le, dove's foot g.; therapeutic action like that of 
G. Eobertianum. G. moscha'tum, European plant, 
used as excitant and diaphoretic. G. Noveboracen'se, 
G. maculatum. G. purpu'reum, G. Eobertianum. G. 
Robertia'num, stinking crane's bill, herb Eobert. 
This plant is antiperiodic, astringent, diuretic, anti- 
spasmodic, and slightly stimulant, and externally ap- 
plied in painful sores and inflammations. G. Car- 
olinianum has similar properties. G. sanguin'eum, 
astringent and styptic, contains a large amount of 
tannin. G. silvat'icum, crowflower, wood geranium; 
root and flowers are astringent. G. stria'tum, roots 
are tonic and astringent. G., wild, G. pratense, G. 
Eobertianum, Erodium cicutarium. G., wood, G. sil- 
vaticum. Most of the species of geranium have been 
used as astringents. 
Gerardia pedicularia, ger-ar'de-ah ped-ik-u-lar'- 
e-ah. Fever-weed, lousewort; indigenous; sedative 
and diaphoretic. G. quercifo'lia, golden oat of the 
West and South; root is used as antidote for snake- 
bites. G. tubero'sa, flowers of this plant of Martin- 
ique are expectorant. 
Ger'as. Old age. 
Geratic, ger-at'ik (ger as, old age). Eelating to old 
people. G. diseases, developmental diseases of old 
persons. 
Geratol'ogy. See Gerteology. 
Ger'dy's fi'bres. Superficial transverse digital lig- 
aments. G.'s lig'ament, deep layer of axillary fascia 
attached to the clavicle. G.'s operation for her'nia, 
operation for invagination of scrotum into inguinal 
canal. 
Geric'terus, ger-ik'ter-us (geras, old age, ikteros, 
jaundicfe). Jaundice of old age. 
Gerlach's net'work or plex'us. Delicate network 
of minute fibrils of nerves in gray matter of cord. 
G.'s the'ory, theory as to relation of nerve-fibres and 
ganglionic cells of spinal cord. 
Ger'lier's disease. Peculiar endemic neurosis of 
the Swiss, attended with vertigo, paralysis, ptosis, 
pain in the back of the head and neck. 
Germ. Eudiment of new being, not yet developed, 
or still adherent to the mother; living particle which 
has been detached from already existing living mat- 
ter. The study of the mode in which diseases arise 
from the influence of germs is called the germ theory 
of disease. G. cell, germinal cell. G., den'tal, den- 
tal follicle; earliest development of a tooth. G. dis- 
ease, disease caused by a micro-organism. G. disk, 
proligerous disk; area germinativa. G. enam'el, 
see Groove, dental. G. epithe'lium, columnar epithe- 
lium, remains of the germ epithelium which aflbrds a 
cover superficially to the ovaries. G. flesh, see Sarco- 
phyte. G. force, plastic force. G. hill, proligerous 
disk. G. lay'ers, laminae making up the embryo, as 
ectoderm, mesoderm, and entoderm; outer, middle, 
and inner covering of embryo. G. spot, see Molecule. 
G. theory, theory of specific causes, as bacteria, in 
the origin and development of diseases ; see Molecule. 
G. ves'icle, see Molecide. 
, Ger'man cham'omile. Matricaria. G. leech, 
hirudo medicinalis. G. mea'sles, rotheln; see Ru- 
beola. G. pellitory, root of Anacyclus oflicinarum. G. 
rhu'barb, Eheum rhaponticum and other species of 
rheum. G. san'darac, resin from bark of Juniperus 
communis. G. sarsaparil'la, Carex arenaria. 
German'der, com'mon. Teucrium chamaedrys. 
G., creep'ing, Teucrium chamaedrys. G. ma'rum, 
Teucrium marum, G., small, Teucrium chamaedrys. 
G., wa'ter, Teucrium scordium. 
Germareum, jur-mar'e-um (germen, germ). Part GERMEN 
of generative apparatus of the female concerned in 
development of ova. 
Germen, jir'raen (gero, to produce). Germ, sperm. 
G. denta'le, dentai pulp. G. fal'sum, mole. G. 
fcemin'eum, germinal vesicle. G. spu'rium, concep- 
tion, false. 
Germicidal, jur-me-si'dal. Destroying germs, as 
germicidal treatment so directed. 
Germ'icide (germ, credo, to kill). Any agent that 
will destroy germs or micro-organisms, or their spores, 
on which contagious and infectious disease may de- 
pend ; as mercuric chloride and iodide, aluminium 
acetate, sulphurous acid, heat (at continuous temper- 
ature of 230° and over), etc. 
Germifuge, jur'me-fuje (germen, fugo, to drive 
away). Expelling or driving away germs. 
Ger'minal, Ger'minative. Relating or belonging 
to a germ or to germination; having power of ger- 
mination. G. a'rea, localized accumulation of cells 
on surface of blastodermic membrane, indicating posi- 
tion of future embryo. G. cell, see Cytoblast. G. 
disk, proligerous disk. G. epithe'lium, layer of 
epithelial cells on middle of genital ridge of embryo. 
G. lay'ers, see Germ layers. G. mat'ter, see Cyto- 
blast, Bioplasm. G. mem'brane, blastoderm; see 
Molecule. G. nu'cleus, see Molecule. G. pole, pole of 
ovum on which is germinal spot. G. spot, nucleolus 
of the ovule; see Molecule. G. streak, primitive streak; 
nucleus of cell of ovum. G. ves'icle, nucleus of the 
ovule; see Molecule. G. wall, thickened border of 
blastoderm in ova that have only partially undergone 
segmentation. 
Germinating, jur'min-a-ting. Undergoing process 
of germination. G. cells, cells forming a boundary 
to stomata, where the lymphatics originate. 
Germination, jer-min-a'shun. Beginning of vege- 
tation in seed or plant; first development of germs. 
Germinative, jur'min-a-tiv. Germinating or hav- 
ing power of germinating. 
Germitox'ic. Agent that destroys a germ by 
poisoning it. 
Germogen, jur'mo-jen. Nucleated protoplasmic 
mass, separating ultimately into ova. 
Germs, dissemina'tion of. See Panspermia. G., 
pre-existence of, see Preformation. 
Germule, jerm'yule. Diminutive germ. 
Ge'ro, Geron'to (geron, aged person). In composi- 
tion, old or aged. 
Geroboscia (ger-o-bos'se-ah) or Gerontobos'cia (gero, 
boske, food). Nourishment or maintenance proper for 
the aged. 
Gerocomeum, ger-o-ko-me'um. Hospital for the 
aged. 
Geroco'mia or Gerocom'ice (geron, aged person, 
komeo, to take care of). Part of medicine whose ob- 
ject is the preservation of the health of the aged- 
the hygiene of old people. 
Gerocomi'um or Gerocome'um. Hospital for the 
aged. 
Geromaras'mus or Gerontatrophy, ger-on-tat'ro-fe 
(geronto, atrophia). Debility and emaciation of old 
persons, Marasmus senilis. 
Gerontine, ger-on'teen (geronto, old). C5H14N2. 
Leucomaine resembling cadaverine found in cell- 
nuclei in the liver, especially of old dogs. Paralyzant 
of nerve-centres. See Leucomaines (table). 
Geron'to. In composition, old or aged. 
Gerontoboscia, ger-on-to-bos'se-ah. Nourishment 
or maintenance proper for the aged. 
Gerontocomice, ger-on-to-kom'is-e. Gerocomia. 
Gerontocomi'um. Hospital for the aged. 
Gerontophthalmla, ger-on-tof-thal'me-ah. Oph- 
thalmia of old persons. 
Gerontopia, ger-on-to'pe-ah (geronto, ops, eye). 
Weakness of sight of the aged. Presbyopia. 
Gerontopityriasis, ger-on-to-pit-e-re'as-is. Pityri- 
asis senilis. 
Gerontotox'on, Gerontox'on, or Gerotoxon, ger-o- 
toks'on (gero, toxon, bow). Bow-shaped obscurity at 
the under margin of the cornea, Arcus senilis, com- 
mon to old people, and supposed by some to indicate 
481 
L GEUSIONOSI 
the existence of fatty degeneration of the heart. It 
is due to fatty degeneration of the corneal tissue. 
Gerotropheum, ger-o-trof-a'um (gero, trophe, nour- 
ishment). Gerocomium. 
Gerotrophia, ger-o-trof'e-ah (gero, trophe, nourish- 
ment). Nourishment or maintenance proper for the 
aged. 
Gersa, gur'sah. Fsecula; plumbi subcarbonas. G. 
serpenta'riae, see Arum maculatum. 
Gerydrocephalus, ger-id-ro-sef'al-us. Hydroceph- 
alus senilis. 
Gesta'tio (gesto, to bear). Gestation. G. extra- 
uteri'na, extra-uterine or ectopic pregnancy. G. 
ova'ria, ovarian pregnancy. 
Gestation, jes-ta'shun (gesto, to carry). The time 
during which a female who has conceived carries the 
embryo in her uterus up to time of delivery. See 
Pregnancy. Bearing or carrying of an individual; as 
gestation on horseback, gestation in a carriage, etc. 
G., abdom'inal, pregnancy in which foetus is con- 
tained in cavity of peritoneum. G., cor'nual, preg- 
nancy occurring in a rudimentary cornu of a uterus 
bicornis; G., double, twin pregnancy; uterine preg- 
nancy with extra-uterine pregnancy also. G.-> ectop'ic, 
extra-uterine pregnancy. G., extra-u'terine, preg- 
nancy in which foetus is not carried in the interior of 
the uterus. G., Fallo'pian, form of pregnancy in 
which foetus is carried in Fallopian tube. G., inter- 
stitial or intramu'ral or intermu'ral, pregnancy, 
interstitial. G., intra-ova'rian, G., ovarian. G., in- 
traperitone'al, G., abdominal. G., multiple, preg- 
nancy in which there are several foetuses. G., mu'ral, 
pregnancy, interstitial. G., ova'rian, pregnancy in 
which foetus is in the ovary. G., pari'etal, G., inter- 
stitial. G., peritone'al, G., abdominal. G., plu'ral, 
G., multiple. G., preternatural, extra-uterine preg- 
nancy. G., pri'mary, form of pregnancy in which the 
ovum becomes connected, at an early stage, with the 
peritoneum. G., prolonged or protracted, pregnancy 
prolonged beyond the usual period. G., secondary, G. 
in which ovum has sought a new position from its 
original one. G., tu'bal, tuba'rian, or tu'bular, G., 
Fallopian. G., tu'bo-abdom'inal, extra-uterine preg- 
nancy in which foetal sac is made up of abdominal end 
of Fallopian tube and plastic matter. G., tu'bo-ova'- 
rian, in this form of extra-uterine pregnancy the sac is 
formed of abdominal extremity of Fallopian tube and 
the ovary. G., tu'bular, G., tubal. G., twin, preg- 
nancy in which there are two foetuses. G., u'tero- 
tubal, pregnancy in which ovum is partly in the 
uterus and partly in the extra-uterine Fallopian tube. 
G., ven'tral, G., abdominal. 
Gesticulation, jes-tik-u-la'shun (gestus, gesture). 
Act of making gestures; a symptom in disease indi- 
cating great encephalic erethism. 
Gethyllis spiralis, geth-il'lis spir-al'is. S. African 
plant, the orange-colored fruit of which is used in 
spirit or tincture in flatulence and colic. 
Geum, je'um. G. rivale. G. al'bum or Alep'pi- 
cum, water avens of Canada and U. S., used for 
headache and gastric affections. G. aquat'icum, G. 
rivale. G. Canaden'se, G. album. G. caryophylla'- 
tum, G. urbanum. G. Chiloen'se or coccin'eum, 
Chilean species, used in amenorrhcea. G. hy'bridum, 
G. rivale. G. monta'num, root of this Alpine plant 
is tonic, astringent, and antipyretic. G. nu'tans or 
palus'tre, G. rivale. G. Plin'ii, G. urbanum. G. ri- 
va'le, water or purple avens, chocolate root, ord. Rosa- 
ce®. The root is tonic and astringent, and has been 
used in intermittents, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, hemor- 
rhage, etc. G. urba'num, Common avens, Herb Bennet, 
Yellow avens, Star of the north, Blessed herb. The root 
of this plant has been used in intermittents, dysentery, 
chronic diarrhoea, debility, etc. G. ver'num, Western 
early avens, has the same properties as G. Virginia'- 
num, White avens, Evan root, Chocolate root, Bennet, 
Throatroot, Cureall; common from Maine to Carolina 
and Kentucky; has the same medical properties as G. 
rivale; used in dysentery; G. album. 
Geuma, gu'ma. Taste. 
Geusion'osi or Geusionusi, gu-se-on-u'se (geusis, GEUSIS 
nosos, disease). Diseases of the organ or sense of 
taste. 
Geusis, gu'sis, Taste or exercise of that sense; 
root of the tongue. 
Geusterion, gu-ster'e-on. Organ of taste; seat of 
taste. 
Geu'stica or Geustice, gu'stis-e. Science of taste. 
Geuth'mos. Taste. 
Ghat'ti. East Indian gum, like gum arabic. 
Ghee. Boiled butter, clarified; used as basis for 
ointments, salves, etc. in India. 
Gher'kin. Fruit of Cucumis sativus. 
Giant, ji'ant. One much above ordinary stature or 
of excessive growth. G. cells, myeloplaxes. 
Gi'antism. Growth or development much above 
ordinary stature or dimensions. 
Gianuzzi's cres'cents. Crescentic masses of cells 
in sublingual gland of some animals. 
Gib'ba or Gib'ber. Hump; gibbosity. G. ul'nae, 
olecranon. 
Gibberos'itas or Gibbositas, gib-bos'it-as (gibbus, 
arched or vaulted). Gibbosity; gibberosity; gib- 
bousness ; angular deformity or curvature of the 
spine. Phenomenon occurring in different diseases, 
particularly in rickets and caries of the vertebrae. 
See Hump. G. cario'sa, vertebral disease; Pott's 
disease. G. re'nis, lateral convex edge of kidney. 
G. ul'nae, olecranon. 
Gibbon's hy'drocele. Hydrocele complicated with 
large hernia. 
Gibbosity or Gibbousness, gib'bus-ness. Gib- 
bositas. 
Gib'bus. Hump. G. of kid'ney, external convex 
border of kidney. G. Pot'tii, vertebral disease. G. 
re'nis, lateral convex edge of kidney. 
Gibert's pityri'asis. Pityriasis rosea. 
Gibraltar fe'ver. Yellow fever. 
Gid. Disease of sheep, due to presence of a hy- 
datid, ccenurus, in the brain. 
Gid'diness. Vertigo. 
Gid'dy. Dizzy; having feeling of vertigo. 
Gigante'a. Helianthus annuus; laminaria. 
Giganteus. jig-an-ta'us. Gigantic. 
Gigantic, ji-gan'tik. Relating to one much above 
the ordinary stature. 
Gigantism, ji-gant'izm. Giantism. 
Gigan'toblast. Large germ in the blood of those 
affected with pernicious anaemia. 
Gigantodes, jig-an-to'dees. Gigantic. 
Gigantina helminthocorton, jig-ar-te'nah hel-min- 
tho-kor'ton. Corallina Corsicana. G. lichenoi'des, 
Fucus amylaceus. G. mamillo'sa, species found on 
eastern coast of the United States, resembling Chon- 
drus crispus. G. murica'ta, Fucus lichenoides. 
Gigarum, jig'ar-um. Arum maculatum. G. ser- 
penta'ria, Arum dracunculus. 
Gi'gas. Giant. 
Gilarum, jil-ar'um. Thymus serpyllum. 
Gill or Gill-over-the-ground. Glechoma hedera- 
cea. G. cov'er or flap, operculum; see Branchise. 
Gil'la theophras'ti or vitri'oli. Sulphate of zinc. 
Gillenia stipulacea, gil-len'e-ah stip-u-lah'se-ah. 
Small-flowered Indian physic; has the same proper- 
ties as G. trifoliat'a, Common gillenia, Indian physic, 
Western dropwort, Indian hippo, Ipecac, Bowman's root, 
Meadow sweet, Beaumont root. Ord. Rosacese. The 
root of this shrub and of G. stipulacea, which grows 
plentifully in the United States, is a safe and effica- 
cious emetic in the dose of about thirty grains. It 
resembles ipecacuanha in properties. 
Gillenin, gil'len-in. White bitter principle of gil- 
lenia. 
Gilles de la Tourette's disease. Neurosis whose 
chief symptoms are motor incoordination, involun- 
tary repetition of words, and use of obscene language. 
Gil'liflower. Dianthus caryophyllus. G., wall, 
win'ter, or yeVlow, Cheiranthus cheiri. 
Gills. Branchiae. G., trache'al, see Branchise tra- 
cheales. 
Gim'bernat's lig'ament (after Gimbernat, a Span- 
ish surgeon). Fibrous triangular expansion detached 
482 
! GIRDLE 
from the posterior and inner part of the crural arch 
and inserted into the crest of the pubis. This liga- 
ment forms the inner part of the superior aperture 
of the crural canal. It is one of the most frequent 
causes of strangulation in crural hernia. See Fascia 
lata. 
Gin. Hollands. Spirit distilled from corn and 
juniper berries, or from some substitute for them, and 
possessing the properties of other spirituous liquors' 
it is diuretic and carminative, and in popular medi- 
cine is more used than other varieties, in colic or in- 
testinal pain. See Spirit. 
Gin-drink'er's liv'er or Gin liv'er. Cirrhosis of 
the liver; nutmeg liver. 
Gingel'ly oil. Oil of Sesamum orientale. 
Gin'ger. Amomum zingiber; Sedum acre. G., 
Barba'does, Amomum zingiber. G., black, Amomum 
zingiber. G., com'mon, Zingiber officinale; black 
ginger. G., gar'den, capsicum. G., In'dian, Asarum 
Canadense. G., Jamai'ca, Amomum zingiber. G. 
plant, Tanacetum vulgare. G., preserved, see Amo- 
mum zingiber. G., white, Amomum zingiber. G., 
wild, Asarum Canadense. 
Gingerine, jin'jer-een. Oleo-resin derived from 
ginger. 
Gingerol, jin'jer-ol. Pungent liquid obtained from 
ginger, isomeric with capsicum. 
Gingiber, jin'jib-er. Ginger. See Zingiber. 
Gingibrachium, jin-je-brak'e-um (gingivx, gums, 
brachium, arm). Scurvy so called because the gums 
and arms are chiefly affected by it; also called gin- 
gipedium, because the lower limbs are in many cases 
the seat of scorbutic spots. See Porphyra nautica. 
Gingil'ly or Gingil'i oil. Oil of sesamum. 
Gingipedium, jin-je-pa'de-um (gingivse, gums, pes, 
foot). See Gingibrachium and Porphyra nautica. 
Gingiva, jin-je'vah. Gum (of the mouth). G. cse- 
ru'lea, blue gingival line; see Gingival. 
Gingi'vse (pl. of Gingiva). The gums; portion of 
mucous membrane of the mouth covering the maxil- 
lary bones to the level of the alveolar arches. Gums 
are formed of a red tissue, more or less solid and of a 
fibro-mucous nature, adhering strongly to the necks 
of the teeth, and transmitting between the roots and 
their alveoli a very thin expansion-the alveolo- 
dental periosteum. The gums fix the teeth and con- 
tribute greatly to their stability. 
Gingival, jin'jiv-al. Eelating to the gums. G. 
line, reddish streak or margin at the reflected edge 
qf the gums, seen in phthisis and chronic blood dis- 
eases, and also in pregnant and puerperal women. 
In lead-poisoning the line is blue. 
Gingivalgia, jin-jiv-al'je-ah (gingiva, gum, algos, 
pain). Pain or neuralgia of the gums. 
Gingiva'rium. Wash for the mouth and gums. 
Gingivitis, jin-jiv-e'tis (gingivse, gums). Inflamma- 
tion of the gums. 
Ginglymo-arthro'dia. See Ginglymoid. 
Ginglymoid, gin'glim-oid (ginglumos, hinge, eidos, 
resemblance). Resembling a ginglymus or hinge; epi- 
thet applied to joints resembling a hinge, ginglymo- 
arthrodia or ginglymoid joint, as the metatarso-phalan- 
geal articulation. 
Ginglymus, gin'glim-us. Species of diarthrodial 
articulation, only admitting of motion in two direc- 
tions, like a hinge, as knee-joint or elbow-joint. G., 
lat'eral, diarthrosis rotatorius. G. joint, see Gingly- 
moid. G., tro'choid, articulation in w'hich one bone 
turns upon another, as the atloido-axoid articulation. 
Gino'ra America'na or syphilit'ica. Juice is diu- 
retic and diaphoretic. 
Ginseng, jin'seng. Panax quinquefolium. G., 
Asiat'ic, Panax schinseng. G., blue, Caulophyllum 
thalictroides. G., Chinese, ginseng. G., dwarf, Aralia 
triphylla. G., horse, triosteum. G., white, triosteum. 
G., yel'low, Caulophyllum thalictroides. 
Giraldos (jir-al'daze), organ of. See Organ of Gtr- 
aides and Paradidymus. 
Girdle, gur'dl. Belt. See Cingulum. G. bone, 
sphenethmoid bone. G., mercu'rial, cingulum mer- 
curiale. G.( pel'vic, pelvic arch. G-> sea, Lamm- GIZZARD 
ia digitata. G. sensa'tions, subjective perception 
using impression that a girdle or band is tied about 
e trunk or limbs. G., shoul'der, pectoral arch. 
Giz'zard. See Ventriculus callosus. 
Glabella, glab-el'lah (glaber, smooth). Part of the 
ce between the eyebrows. G. coccyge'a, smooth 
taneous surface over hiatus at lower extremity of 
oral canal, foveola coccygea. 
Glabellad, glab-el'lad. See Glabellar. 
Glabellar, glab-el'lar. Epithet for aspect toward 
e glabella. Glabellad is used adverbially to signify 
ward the glabellar aspect. G. length, antero-pos- 
rior diameter of the skull. 
Glabel'lo-obeliac diameter. Measurement from 
abella to obelion. 
Glabel'lo-occip'ital plane. Plane vertical to me- 
an plane of skull. 
Glabel'lum. Glabella. 
Glabel'lus. Devoid of hair. 
Glabrities, glab-rish'e-ees (glaber, smooth). Bald- 
: 3SS. 
Glab'rous. Smooth; bald. 
Glacial, gla'shal (glories, ice). Icy; having the ap- 
larance of ice, as glacial phosphoric acid. 
Glacialis, glas-e-al'is. Glacial. G., hu'mor, crys- 
Jline. 
Glacia'tion. Having appearance like ice. 
Glacies, glas'e-ees. Ice. 
Gladiole, glad'e-ole. Gladiolus. 
Gladi'olin. Alkaloidal substance found in the tis- 
le of the brain. 
Gladiolus, glad-e'o-lus (dim. of Gladius, sword), 
ladiolus communis; see Sternum. G. cseru'leus, Iris 
ermanica. G. commu'nis, corn-flag; root has been 
sed as aphrodisiac, and applied in cataplasms to 
■rofulous tumors. G. lu'teus, Iris pseudacorus. G. 
sge'tum, corn-flag, European corn-flag of Southern 
urope; used as aphrodisiac and in amenorrhcea. G. 
ter'ni, see Sternum. G. vulga'ris, G. communis. 
Gladius, glad'e-us (sword). Penis; bistoury. 
Glair. Albumen ovi. 
Glairine, glair-een'. Glairy organic substance pro- 
uced by genus of Schizomycetes, called beggiatoa. 
Glama, glam'ah. Sebaceous humor, secreted mainly 
y the follicles of Meibomius, which sometimes glues 
he eyelids together. 
Gland (acorn, kernel). Glands are organs which 
' eparate from the blood any fluid whatever. When 
omposed of several lobules, united by common ves- 
els, they have been called Conglomerate glands, as the 
larotid, pancreas, etc. Eeddish and spongy, knot-like 
•odies, met with in the course of the lymphatics, are 
ailed Conglobate glands; see Ganglion (lymphatic). 
Various organs, whose functions are still in dispute, 
ire called glands, as pineal gland, pituitary gland, 
(lands of Pacchioni, thyroid gland, thymus gland, 
luprarenal glands, etc. By some the word is restricted 
;o soft, granular, lobated organs, composed of vessels 
md a particular texture, of which there are in the 
auman body the testicles, the liver, pancreas, and 
Sidneys. These permanent glands, or glands with 
permanent ducts, are destined to draw from the 
blood the molecules necessary for the formation of 
new fluids, and to convey these fluids externally by 
means of excretory ducts. .Several glands, besides 
their excretory ducts, have special reservoirs in 
which the fluids secreted by them collect, remain for 
a greater or less space of time, and undergo slight 
modifications before being evacuated, such as the gall- 
bladder for the liver, the urinary bladder for the 
kidneys, etc. The term gland is sometimes appro- 
priated to a tumor formed by inflammation or en- 
gorgement of a lymphatic ganglion. The glans penis 
and glans clitoridis are so called, although not glands. 
Gland or Glands. See Quercus alba. G., abdom'- 
inal sal'ivary, pancreas. G., absorb'ent, lymphatic 
glands. G., acces'sory, glands accessory to other 
glands; G., Cowper's. G., acces'sory lac'rymal, G. 
of Krause. G., acces'sory lactif'erous, G., Mont- 
gomery's. G., acces'sory, of pan'creas, Brunner's 
glands. G., acces'sory, of paro'tid, see Parotid. G., 
483 
GLAND 
acces'sory suprare'nal, small bodies connected with 
suprarenal capsules. G., acces'sory thy'reoid, small 
glandular bodies lying in various positions around 
the thyreoid gland. G., a'cinous, G., racemose; see 
Acinus. G., aggregate or aggregated, G., Mery's; 
G., Peyer's; trachoma glands of Henle; lymph-fol- 
licles of conjunctiva; see Bruch. G., ag'minated, 
Peyer's glands. G., albu'minous, gland, secretion from 
which contains albumin. G., amyg'dalous, tonsil. G., 
anal, lymphatic and odoriferous glands of region of 
anus. G., anom'alous, ductless glands. G., ante- 
prostat'ic, see Cowper's glands. G., an'terior lin'gual, 
G. of neck. G., apor'ic, ganglions, glandiform. G., 
arytse'noid, acinous glands of larynx, near arytenoid 
cartilages. G., asso'ciate parot'id, G., accessory pa- 
rotid ; see Parotid. G., auric'ular, glands of external 
ear. G., ax'illary, lymphatic glands of axillary region. 
G. of Bartholi'nus, Cowper's glands (in female); Mery's 
glands; vulvovaginal glands; sublingual glands. G. 
of Bau'hin, see Lingual glands. G. of bil'iary ducts, 
hepatic glands. G. of Blan'din, anterior lingual glands. 
G., blind, ganglions, glandiform; ductless glands. G., 
blood, see Ganglion. G., Bow'man's, see Bowman. G., 
bron'chial, G., thyreoid ; lymphatic glands of bronchi 
and trachea adjacent. G. of Bruch, see Bruch. G., 
Brun'ner's, see Brunner's glands. G., buc'cal, see 
Buccal glands. G., bulbo-cav'ernous or bulbo-ure'- 
thral, Cowper's glands; Mery's glands. G., car'diac, 
acinous glands at inferior extremity of oesophagus; 
superior mediastinal lymphatic glands. G., carot'ic 
or carot'id, see Glandula carotica. G., ceru'minous, 
see Ceruminous. G. of cheeks, buccal glands. G., 
coccyge'al, see Coccygeal intercarotid ganglion. G., 
cer'vical, lymphatic glands of neck. G., circuman'- 
al, G., anal. G., closed, G., ductless. G., ccel'iac, lym- 
phatic glands in front of abdominal aorta. G., con- 
glom'erate, G., racemose; see Gland. G., convo- 
luted, tubular gland with convoluted extremity. G., 
Cowper's, Mery's glands; vulvovaginal glands; see 
Cowper's glands. G., cuta'neous, glands of skin con- 
nected with hair, sweat, and sebaceous secretion. G., 
den'tal, of Serres, see Tooth. G., diapnog'enous, see 
Perspiration. G., dor'sal, lymphatic glands near poste- 
rior margin of axilla. G., duct'less, see Glandiform gan- 
glion. G., duode'nal, Brunner's glands; lymphatic 
glands of mesentery connected with the duodenum. G. 
of Duver'ney, Cowper's glands (in the female); vulvo- 
vaginal glands. G. of Ebner, serous glands. G., 
ex'cretory, glands secreting fluids that are to be 
gotten rid. of from the economy, as urine, etc. G., 
external sal'ivary, G., parotid. G., folllc'ular, fol- 
licle. G. of Galea'ti, follicles of Lieberkuhn. G., 
gas'tric, see Stomach. G., ge'nal, G., buccal. G., 
gen'ital, see Genital. Testicles and ovaries, or same 
organs wrhen embryonic. G., glo'bate, conglobate 
glands. G., glom'erate, G., racemose. G., gut'tural, 
G., pharyngeal. G., haematopoiet'ic, ductless or 
vascular glands, as spleen, suprarenal capsules, 
thymus, etc., whose functions are presumed to be 
connected with changes in the blood passing through 
them. G., Harder'ian, or G. of Harder, small gland 
existing in certain mammals at the inner canthus of 
the eye. G., Haver'sian or of Hav'ers, synovial 
glands; S. fringes. G., hon'eycomb, Peyer's glands. 
G., infundib'ular, infundibulum of brain. G., in'- 
guinal, lymphatic glands of groin. G. of the Integ'- 
ument, hair, sweat, and sebaceous glands. G., inter- 
carot'id, small ganglion at or near division of common 
carotid artery. G., intes'tinal, glands in the large and 
small intestines, as Lieberkuhn's crypts or follicles; 
Peyer's, Brunner's, and solitary glands. G., ju'gular, 
G., cervical. G. of Krause, acinous glands in conjunc- 
tiva. G., lac'rymal, see Lacrymal. G., lactif'erous, 
mammary g.; Montgomery's g. G., lentlc'ular, len- 
ticulares glandulae, conglobate glands of stomach. G., 
Lle'berkiihn, crypts of Lieberkuhn; Lieberkuhn's 
glands; see Intestine. G. of Littre, see Urethra. G. 
of Lusch'ka, coccygeal gland. G., lymphat'ic, see 
Conglobate and Lymph or Lymphatic. G., mam'mary, 
see Mammary. G., Meibo'mian, see Meibomius. G. of 
Mery, Cowper's glands. G., mesera'ic or mesen- GLANDEBAUE 
ter'ic, see mesenteric. G., mil'iary, sebaceous glands ; 
sweat-glands. G., mixed, muco-salivary glands. The 
alveoli of these glands are partly mucous and partly 
serous; the latter, however, predominate. G., mo'lar, 
buccal glands. G., Moll's, glands which open into 
hair-follicles of eyelashes; they are modifications of 
sweat-glands. G., Montgomery's, very minute g. 
of areola of mamma, having milky or fatty secretion. 
G. of Morgagn'i, see Urethra. G. of Littre; lateral 
arytenoid glands. G., mucilag'inous, of Hav'ers, 
synovial glands or fringes. G., mucip'arous or 
mu'cous, glands concerned in secretion of mucus; 
those belonging to mucous membranes. G. of Na- 
both, see Nabothi glandules. G., nerve, suprarenal 
capsules. G., ner'vous, of pel'vis, coccygeal gland. 
G. of Nuck or of Nuhn, anterior lingual glands. G., 
odoriferous, glands secretion of which is odorous, as 
G. of Tyson. G., oil, sebaceous gland. G., oxyn'tic, 
G. of stomach, presumably concerned in acid secre- 
tion. G. of Pacchio'ni, glandulse Pacchioni. G., 
paTpebral, Meibomius g. G., pancreat'lc, see Pan- 
creas. G., parotzic or parot'id, see Parotid. G. of 
Peckzlin, Peyeri glandulse. G., pep'tic or pep'sin, see 
Peptic and G., oxyntic. G., permanent, see Gland. G., 
perspiratory, G., sudoriparous. G. of Pey'er, gland- 
ulse Peyeri. G., pin'eal, see Pineal. G., pitu'itary, 
hypophysis cerebi. G., plex'iform, Peyer's glands. 
G., prepu'tial, odoriferous sebaceous glands on glans 
penis and prepuce. G., pros'tate, prostate gland. 
G., pylo'ric, numerous gastric glands in that region 
of stomach. G., ra'cemose, see Racemose. G., re'nal, 
capsules, renal. G., Rivi'ni's, sublingual g. G., 
sali'val or sal'ivary, salivary glands. G., sal'ivary 
abdom'inal, pancreas. G., sebazceous or sebif- 
erous, sebaceous glands. G., sem'inal, testes. G.,sez- 
rous, G., albuminous. G., sex'ual, testes and ovaries, 
or their embryonic forms. G., Skene's, two tubular 
glands on each side of floor of female urethra. G. of 
skin, G., cutaneous. G. of small intes'tine, Peyer's 
glands, Brunner's glands, follicles of Lieberkuhn. 
G., sol'itary, Brunner's glands, small white projec- 
tions on lining membrane of the entire intestine. G., 
staph'yline, G., palatine. G. of stom'ach, gastric 
glands; peptic glands. G., subconjunctival, Meibo- 
mius, glands of. G., sublin'gual, see Sublingual. G., 
submaxillary, see Submaxillary. G., sudoriferous 
or sudorip'arous, sweat-glands; see Perspiration. G., 
suprar e'nal, capsules, renal. G., sweat, see Perspira- 
tion. G., syno'vial, synovial fringes. G., tar'sal, G., 
tar'so-conjuncti'val, Meibomius, glands of. G., temz- 
porary, glands consisting of a single primary vesicle 
or sacculus, which, having elaborated secretion in its 
interior, bursts, discharges it, and disappears. Graaf- 
ian vesicles and the gland-cells are examples. G., 
thy'mus, see Thymus. G., thy'reoid or thy'roid, see 
Thyroid. G., tracho'ma, see (?., aggregated, and Bruch. 
G., tympanic, vascular fusiform ganglion on tym- 
panic nerve. G. of Ty'son, G., preputial; sebaceous 
glands of Tyson. G., ure'thral, G. of Littre. G., 
u'terine, tubular glands contained in the mucous 
membrane of the body of the uterus. G., vas'cular, 
G., haematopoietic; ganglion or ganglia, glandiform. 
G. of Vesalius, pulmonary g.; bronchial g. G., vit'- 
elline, vitellarium. G. vul'vo-vagi'nal, G. of Bar- 
tholin ; G. of Cowper (in female); muciparous glands 
on both sides of outlet of the vagina. G., Weber's, 
mucous glands of the tongue. G. of Willis, albican- 
tia corpora; mammillary tubercules. G., yolk, vitel- 
larium. G., Zeiss's, sebaceous glands opening into 
the follicles of the eyelashes. 
Glandebalae, glan-deb'al-e. Hair in the axillary 
space. 
Glan'ders. Equinia. G., farcy, see Equinia. 
Glandiferous, glan-dif'er-us (gland, fero, to bear). 
Bearing or possessing gland or glands. 
Glan'diform. Adenoid; adeniform; resembling a 
gland. G. cor'puscle, acinus. G. gan'glion, see Gan- 
glion. 
Glandium, glan'de-um. Thymus. 
Glan'dula (dim. of Glans). A small gland ; gland, 
glandule. G. angula'ris, submaxillary gland, G. 
GLANDULJE 
atrabilia'ris, capsule, renal. G. ad au'res, parotid. 
G. Avicen'nse, encysted tumor. G. Bartholinia'na, 
sublingual gland. G. basila'ris, pituitary gland. G. 
carot'ica, carotic or carotid gland; ductless gland, 
formerly regarded as intercarotic ganglion of the 
great sympathetic, seated at the upper end of the 
common carotid and its branches. G. coccyge'a, 
coccygeal gland. G. col'll, tonsil. G. concre'ta 
Monro'i, part of lacrymal gland next to eyebrow. 
G. Cow'peri, Cowper's gland. G. foram'inis obtu- 
rato'rii, lymphatic gland at inner extremity of 
foramen thyroideum. G. innomina'ta, caruncula 
lacrymalis. G. innomina'ta Gale'ni, portion of lacry- 
mal gland next to orbit. G. intercarot'ica, carotid 
gland. G. lacryma'lis, lacrymal gland. G. lacry- 
ma'lis accesso'ria or infe'rior or palpebra'lis, infe- 
rior palpebral portion of lacrymal gland. G. lacry- 
ma'lis supe'rior, upper or orbital portion of lacrymal 
gland. G. lactif'era, mammary gland. G. lingua'- 
lis, sublingual gland. G. maxilla'ris, submaxillary 
gland. G. muco'sa, conglobate gland. G. orbita'- 
ria, lacrymal gland. G. parotidse'a, parotid. G. 
paro'tis accesso'ria, accessory parotid gland. G. 
pinea'lis, pineal gland. G. pituito'sa or pituita'ria, 
pituitary gland. G. prsehyoi'dea, relic of ductus 
thyreoglossus of foetal life. G. pros'tata ante'rior, 
occasional accessory gland in front of prostate. G. 
pros'tata mulie'bris, spongy tissue around meatus 
urinarius in female. G. Rivinia'na, sublingual gland. 
G. saliva'lis abdom'inis, pancreas. G. saliva'lis ex- 
ter'na, parotid. G. saliva'lis inter'na, submaxillary 
and sublingual glands, viewed collectively. G. so'cia 
parot'idis, accessory parotid. G. sublingua'lis, sub- 
lingual gland. G. submaxilla'ris, submaxillary 
gland. G. suprahyoi'dea, G. praehyoidea. G. thy'- 
mus, thymus. G. thyreo'i'dea, thyroid gland. G. 
thyreoi'dea accesso'ria, see Thyroid gland. G. tym- 
pan'ica, vascular mass surrounding tympanic nerve 
as it enters the small canal in the petrous portion of 
the temporal bone. 
Glan'dulae (pl. of Glandula). Glands. G. acino'- 
sse, see Acinus. G. acino'sse subconjunctiva'les, 
acini under conjunctival fold. G. aggrega'tse, Peyeri 
glandulae. G. agmina'tae, Peyeri glandules. G. ana'- 
les, anal glands. G. antibrach'ii, deep lymphatic 
glands of forearm. G. a'picis lin'guae, racemose 
glands near tip of the tongue. G. articula'res, syno- 
vial glands. G. arytenoi'deae, arytenoid glands. G. 
assisten'tes, prostate gland. G. aureola'res, see 
Mamma. G. auricula'res, lymphatic glands of pa- 
rotid region. G. Bartholinian'ae, Bartholin's glands. 
G. Blandi'ni, G. apicis linguae. G. Brun'neri or 
Brunnerian'ae, Brunner's glands. G. bucca'les, buc- 
cal glands. G. cardia'les, glands of cardiac portion 
of the stomach. G. cerumino'sae, ceruminous glands. 
G. cervi'cis u'teri, Nabothi glandules. G. con- 
catena'tae, deep cervical glands. G. conglomera'tae, 
conglomerate glands. G. congrega'tae Monro'i, in- 
ferior part of lacrymal gland. G. coro'nae pe'nis, 
preputial glands; see Sebaceous glands. G. Cow'peri, 
Cowper's glands. G. cubita'les, brachial glands. 
G. cu'tis spira'lis, sudoriparous glands. G. diges- 
ti'vae, glands of cardiac portion of stomach. G. 
du'rse ma'tris, Pacchioni, glands of. G. du'rse 
menin'gis, Pacchioni, glands of. G. facia'les pro- 
fun'dae, internal maxillary glands. G. facia'les su- 
perficia'les, G. auriculares. G. follicula'res lin'guae, 
lingual glands. G. follic'uli cilia'res, Meibomius, 
glands of. G. fun'di, peptic glands. G. gas'tro-epip- 
lo'icae, lymphatic glands of stomach. G. gena'les, 
buccal glands; salivary glands of cheek. G. glomi- 
for'mes, sudoriparous glands. G. humerar'iae, lym- 
phatic glands of arm. G. in ag'mine congrega'tae in- 
testino'rum, Peyeri glandulae. G. inguina'les, ingui- 
nal glands. G. interarytenoi'deae, arytenoid glands. 
G. intercartilagin'eae, mucous glands between carti- 
lages of the trachea, at posterior part. G. interior'es 
rena'les, corpora Malpighiana. G. inter'nae re'ni, 
corpora Malpighiana. G. intestina'les, Peyeri gland- 
ulae. G. jugula'res, jugular or deep cervical glands. 
G. kama'la, glands from capsules of Mallotus Philip- 
484 GLANDULAR 
pinensis, remedy for tapeworm. G. labia'les, labial 
glands. G. lactif'erse, see Mammary gland. G. lac- 
tif'erae aberran'tes, sebaceous glands of areola of the 
nipple. G. lactif'erse accesso'riae, sebaceous glands 
of aureola of the nipple. G. laryn'gis posterio'res, 
arytenoid glands. G. lenticula'res, solitary glands; 
see Lenticular. G. Lieberkuhnian'se, Lieberkuhn's 
glands. G. lingua'les, lingual glands. G. Littria'- 
nae or Litt'rii, Littre's gland; see Urethra. G. lu'puli, 
lupulin. G. Malpi'ghi, see Spleen. G. Meibomia'nae, 
Meibomius, glands of. G. mesera'icse, mesenteric 
glands. G. min'imae, Lieberkuhn's glands. G. mo- 
la'res, molar glands; buccal glands. G. mucip'arae, 
mucous glands ; glands of pyloric end of stomach. G. 
mucip'arae racema'tim conges'tae intestino'rum, 
Peyeri glandulae. G. muco'sae, mucous glands; Lie- 
berkuhn's glands. G. muco'sae coagmina'taa intes- 
tino'rum, Peyeri glandulae. G. muco'sae lingua'les, 
lingual glands. G. myrtifor'mes, carunculae myrti- 
formes. G. odorif'erae, or o. glan'dis, or o. pe'nis, 
or o. Tyso'ni, preputial glands; see Sebaceous glands. 
G. oesophage'ae, oesophageal glands. G. Pacchio'nii, 
Pacchioni, glands of. G. palati'nae, palatine glands. 
G. palpebra'les seba'ceae, Meibomius, glands of. G. 
parotide'ae, G. auriculares. G. pelvi'nae, iliac glands, 
internal. G. Peyeria'nae, Peyeri glandulae. G. 
pharynge'ae, pharyngeal glands. G. plexifor'mes, 
Peyeri glandulae. G. pros 'tat ae mulie'rum, vascular 
spongy eminence surrounding orifice of female ure- 
thra. G. rena'les inter'nae, corpora Malpighiana. G. 
Rottle'rae, kamala. G. seba'ceae, sebaceous glands. 
G. seba'ceae cilia'ris, Meibomius, glands of. G. 
seba'ceae glan'dis, preputial glands; see Sebaceous 
glands. G. seba'ceae palpebra'rum, Meibomius, 
glands of. G. so'ciae, Peyeri glandulae. G. solita'- 
riae, Brunner's glands. G. spu'riae, Peyeri glandulae; 
ganglions, glandiform. G. subauricula'res, mastoid 
glands. G. sudorif'erae or sudorip'arae, sudoriparous 
glands; see Perspiration. G. supraclavicula'res, 
lower set of deep cervical glands. G. suprarena'les, 
capsules, renal. G. tarsa'les, Meibomius, glands of. 
G. tubulo'sae, see Tubular. G. Tyso'ni, preputial 
glands; see Sebaceous glands. G. uteri'nae or utricu- 
la'res, glands in interior of uterus. G. vascula'res 
or vasculo'sae, blood-glands; see Ganglion. G. Vesal- 
ia'nae, bronchial glands. G. vestibula'res, Cowper's 
glands (in the female). G. vulvovagina'les, Cowper's 
glands (in the female). 
Gland'ular. Having the appearance, form, or tex- 
ture of glands. G. carcino'ma, see Carcinoma. G. 
gran'ules, corpora Malpighiana. G. sub'stance of 
the kidney, see Kidney. G. vagini'tis, condition of 
the vagina in which the papillae of the mucous vagi- 
nal membrane are inflamed or in a congested, hyper- 
trophied state; glassy swelling; see Swelling. 
Glan'dules. Small glands. G. of Malpig'hi, see 
Corpora Malpighiana. 
Gland'uliform. Gland-shaped. 
Gland'ulose. Glandular; glanduliform. 
Glanduloso-carneus, glan-du-lo'so-kar'ne-us. Term 
applied to a fleshy excrescence in the bladder. 
Glans (acorn). Extremity of the penis and of the clit- 
oris. The glans penis is conical, slightly flattened, and 
continuous with the urethra, which opens at its apex; 
is circumscribed by a projecting edge called corona 
glandis, behind which is a depression, collum or sul- 
cus retroglandularis, fossa glandis. It is covered by a 
thin mucous membrane, is furnished at its base with 
sebaceous follicles, called glandulae odoriferae Tysoni, 
the secretion from which is termed smegma praeputii; 
and it can almost always be covered by the reflection 
of the skin, called the prepuce. It is formed of a 
spongy texture, susceptible of being thrown into 
erection. The glans clitoridis is smaller, imperforate, 
and covered with a sort of prepuce formed by the 
mucous membrane of the vulva. Glans is also a word 
employed synonymously with bronchocele, gland, 
pessary, suppository. G. clitor'idis, see Glans. G. 
Jo'vis Theophras'ti, Fagus castanea. G. pe'nis, see 
Glans. G. phal'li, G. penis; see Glans. G. pitu'itam 
excip'iens, pituitary gland; hypophysis cerebri. G. 
485 
G LENO-B R ACHIA LIS 
ul'nae, olecranon. G. unguenta'ria, ben nut; see 
Guilandina moringa, Myrobalanus. 
Gla'rea. Gravel or sand in the urinary canals or 
passages. 
Gla'ser, fis'sure of. Fissure dividing the glenoid 
fossa of the temporal bone. 
Glass. Vitrum. G. eye, artificial eye; amaurosis 
of the horse. G. liq'uid, potassium silicate. 
Glass'blower's cramp. Permanent contraction of 
the third and fourth fingers of glassblowers. 
Glass'es. Spectacles; eye-glasses; optical lenses. 
Glass'pox. Coniform varicella or chicken-pox, in 
which the vesicles are generally acuminated. 
Glass'wort. Salicornia herbacea; antiscorbutic. 
Glas'sy. Like glass, as the expression of the eyes 
of a corpse. G. swell'ing, see Swelling. 
Glau'ber's salts (after R. Glauber, a German chem- 
ist). Sodium sulphate. 
Glaucedo, glaw'sa-do. Glaucoma. 
Glauci'na (from its color, glaukos, sea-green). Nat- 
ural cowpox. 
Glaucine, glaw'seen. Alkaloid in Glaucium lu- 
teum; glaucina. 
Glau'cium or Glau'cum lu'teum. Horn poppy, 
European plant; narcotic; juice applied externally is 
anodyne. 
Glauco'ma (glaukos, sea-green). Among the older 
pathologists the synonym of cataract; now applied to 
opacity of the vitreous humor or of the tunica hya- 
loidea; manifested by a grayish or greenish spot, ap- 
parent through the pupil, characterized by rapidly- 
increasing presbyopia, periodical dimness of vision, 
diminution of the field of vision, increased tension 
of the globe, excavation of the optic disk, dilated 
pupil, halos around a bright light, corneal anaesthesia, 
pain, etc., all of these symptoms not being constant. 
In glaucoma fulminans the impairment of vision occurs 
very rapidly, perhaps in a few hours. The disease 
was almost incurable until Von Graafe employed iri- 
dectomy; see Optic papilla. G., absolute, glaucoma 
with destruction of vision. G., Don'ders's, simple 
atrophy of. G. ful'minans, see Glaucoma. G., hem- 
orrhag'ic, glaucoma with intraocular hemorrhage. G. 
im'minens, initial stage approaching glaucoma, when 
a few or many of the symptoms of the disease are 
present in a minor degree. G., inflam'matory, glau- 
coma with symptoms of inflammation. G. ring, glau- 
comatous cup. G., secondary, glaucoma as a sequel 
of disease or injury. 
Glaucom'atous. Relating to or affected with glau- 
coma. G. cup, see Optic papilla. 
Glaucopicrine, glaw-ko-pik'reen. Bitter alkaloid 
obtained from Glaucium luteum and Chelidonium 
majus. 
Glaucosis, glaw-ko'sis. Loss of sight from glau- 
coma ; glaucoma itself. 
Glechoma (glek-o'mah) hed'era, hedera'cea, or 
hirsu'ta. This plant, ord. Labiate, has a strong smell, 
and a bitterish, somewhat aromatic taste; expector- 
ant and tonic. 
Gleditschia (gled-itsch'e-ah) Chinen'sis. Chinese 
plant; expectorant, cathartic, anthelmintic. G. spi- 
no'sa or triacan'thos, ord. Leguminosse. Honey 
locust, indigenous in North America; pulp is expec- 
torant; poisonous alkaloid is derived from the un- 
ripe fruit, to which the name Gleditch'ine is given. 
Gleet. Chronic gonorrhoea; chronic discharge from 
any mucous membrane, usually applied to muco-puru- 
lent discharges from urethritis. 
Gleichenia (gli-ken'e-ah) Herman'ni. Fern of Asia 
and Australia, used in diarrhoea, aphthae, etc. 
Gleme, gla'ma. Sebaceous humor sometimes gluing 
the eyelids together. 
Glenard's disease. See Enteroptosis. 
Gle'ne. Pupil; anterior part of the eye; eyeball; 
eye; crystalline lens; glenoid cavity. 
Glenitis, glen-e'tis (glene, crystalline lens, itis, in- 
flammation). Inflammation of the crystalline lens. 
Gle'no-brachia'lis. Occasional muscle passing 
from surgical neck of humerus to be inserted with 
the biceps. GLENO-HUM ERAL LIGAMENT 
Gle'no-hu'meral lig'ament. Ligamentous fibres 
passing from glenoid fossa to lower tuberosity of the 
humerus. 
Gle'noid (glene, eidos, resemblance). Any shallow 
articular cavity which receives the head of a bone, 
such as the glenoid cavity or fossa of the scapula, 
articulated with the head of the humerus; also the 
glenoid cavity or fossa of the temporal bone, receiving 
the condyle of the lower jaw. Relating to the socket 
of the eye. G. cav'ity, see Glenoid. G. crest, ridge 
separating articular surface of patella into two parts. 
G. fis'sure, Glaserian fissure. G. fos'sa, see Glenoid. 
G. lig'ament, fibro-cartilaginous ring which seems 
formed by the expansion of the tendon of the long 
head of the biceps brachialis, and surrounds the gle- 
noid cavity of the scapula, the depth of which it in- 
creases. Fibro-cartilages of the fingers. 
Glenoid'al. Glenoid. 
Gle'no-radia'lis. Long head of biceps flexor 
cubiti muscle. 
Gle'no-ulna'ris. Fibres of long head of biceps 
flexor cubiti distributed to bicipital fascia of forearm. 
Glia, gle'ah (glue). Neuroglia. G. cells, cells of 
Dieters on basilar membrane and cochlea. 
Gliabacte'ria. Micro-organisms having zoogloea 
around them. 
Gliacoc'cus. Coccus having glutinous envelope. 
Gli'adin. Organic principle in gluten. 
Gli'ding. Movement of surfaces on each other, 
backward and forward, without displacement; 
lateral movement of flap in plastic surgery. G. joint, 
arthrodia. G. move'ment, sliding movement of 
articular surfaces upon each other. 
Glioma, gle-o'mah (glue). A variety of round- 
celled sarcoma originating in the neuroglia, or con- 
nective tissue of nerves, occurring in the brain, audi- 
tory nerve, and retina, and containing no nerve-ele- 
ments. G. fibro'sum ret'in®, G. retin®. G. medul'- 
1®, syringomyelia. G. myxomato'des, gliomyx- 
oma. G. ret'in®, tumor originating in the neur- 
oglia of the retina, and in its structure resembling 
cerebral glioma. Sometimes it resembles both glioma 
and sarcoma, and is then called Gliosarcoma. G. sar- 
comato'des, gliosarcoma. G. teleangeiectat'icum, 
G. with excessive vascular distribution. 
Gliomatosis, gle-o-mat-o'sis. Abnormal increase or 
development of glioma, as in syringomyelia. G., 
med'ullary, syringomyelia. 
Gliomyxoma, gle-o-miks-o'mah {glioma, muxa, 
mucus). Glioma characterized by partial conver- 
sion into mucous tissue. 
Gliosarcoma, gle-o-sark-o'mah. Lymphosarcoma, 
tumor having characteristics of glioma and sarcoma. 
G. of ret'ina, glioma retin®. 
Glio'sis. Indurated and excavated places in gray 
matter of brain, giving rise to atrophy of optic nerves 
and bulbs of olfactory nerves, with degeneration of 
posterior column of spinal cord and other symptoms, 
occasionally confounded with general paralysis. 
Glischrasma, glis-kras'mah {glischros, gluey). Vis- 
cidity or siziness. 
Glischrobacte'rium {glischros, gluey). Bacterium 
considered as producing mucous degeneration of 
urine. 
Glischrocholus, glis-krok'o-lus {glischros, gluey, 
chole, bile). Epithet for excrement which is glutinous 
and bilious. 
Glischrotes, glis'kro-tees. Viscidity or siziness. 
Glischrous, glis'krus. Glutinous; viscid. 
Glis'son's cap'sule. Dense areolar membrane sur- 
rounding the vena porta and its ramifications in the 
liver. 
Glis'ter. Enema. 
Glo'bate. Conglobate. 
Glob'ba nu'tans or silves'tris. Plant of tropical 
Asia, root of which is astringent. G. unifor'mis, root 
of this species is used in colic and diarrhoea. 
Globe. Bandage (head). G. of eye, see Eye. G. 
flow'er, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Trollius laxus. G., 
hyster'ic, globus hystericus. G., oc'ular, eyeball. G., 
ten'sion of, see Tension. G., u'terine, globular appear- 
486 
5 GLOMERULITIS 
ance of womb after birth of child. G., vitel'line, seg- 
mentation cell. 
Gio'bi martia'les (martial balls). See Ferrum tartar- 
izatum. 
Glo'bin. Proteid residue from decomposition of 
haemoglobin. 
Globula'ria al'ypum. Globularia, Wild senna of 
Europe, Montpellier turbith. The bitter leaves of this 
plant have been used in intermittents and in consti- 
pation. The resin of the root is cathartic like that 
of jalap. 
Glob'ule. A small globe; a small pill. 
Glob'uli (pl. of Globulus) al'bi. White globules 
or corpuscles of blood. G. Aran'tii, corpora Arantii. 
G. arteria'rum ter'mini, acinus of gland. G. gan'- 
glii, nerve-cells. G. lymphat'ici, lymphatic cor- 
puscles. G. mammilla'res, mammillary eminences; 
corpora albicantia. G. martia'les or mar'tis, fer- 
rum tartarizatum. G. medulla'res, mammillary 
eminences; corpora albicantia. G. na'si, extremity 
of the nose. G. sanc'ti or san'guinis, globules of 
the blood. G. tar'tari martia'les, ferrum tartari- 
zatum. G. tartra'tis fer'ri or lixiv'ise, ferrum tar- 
tarizatum. G. vagina'les, vaginal suppositories. 
Globulimeter, glob-u-lim'et-ur. Instrument for 
determining the relative number of red corpuscles. 
Glob'ulin. Crystallin; blood casein. Colorless 
substance remaining after abstraction of the coloring 
matter of the blood-globule. A peculiar albuminous 
principle may be obtained also from a watery extract 
of the crystalline lens. Albuminose of red corpuscles. 
Proteid substance occurring in urine, usually asso- 
ciated with serum-albumen. To detect its presence 
the urine is rendered slightly alkaline by ammonium 
hydrate and filtered after several hours, thus separat- 
ing the phosphates. Ammonium sulphate in saturated 
solution is then added to the filtrate. Should a pre- 
cipitate occur, it is globulin. Globulin is found in 
the lardaceous form of nephritis, and also in acute 
nephritis. G., ac'id, syntonin. G., fi'brino-plas'tic, 
paraglobulin. G., se'rum, paraglobulin. 
Glob'ulins. A class of proteids insoluble in water, 
but soluble in weak saline solutions, including fibrin- 
ogen, globulin, vitellin, myosin, and paraglobulin. The 
solutions are coagulable by heat. Also blood-plaques ; 
blood-plates; minute leucocytes. 
Globulinu'ria. Presence of globulin in urine. 
Globulism, glob'u-lizm. Homoeopathy. 
Glob'ulose. When pepsin is digested with glob- 
ulin the result is globulose, a variety of hemialbu- 
mose. Globular. 
Glob'ulus (dim. of Globus). Globule; suppository; 
corpus albicans. G. Aran'tii, corpuscle of Arautius; 
see Sigmoid valves. G. hyster'icus, see Angone. G. 
na'si, apex or lip of columna nasi. G. sanguin'eus, 
see Punctual saliens. G. stape'dius os'sis, orbicular 
bone. 
Glo'bus. Ball or globe. Epileptic aura. G. hys- 
ter'icus, see Angone. G. ma'jor, head of epididymis. 
G. mi'nor, tail of epididymis. G. pal'lidus, nucleus 
lenticularis of the brain. G. uteri'nus, round tumor 
formed by the uterus in the lower part of the ab- 
domen immediately after delivery. G. vitella'ris, 
yelk of ovum and its surrounding membrane. 
Glomerate, glom'er-ate {glomus, ball). Conglom- 
erate. 
Glomerule, glom'er-ule (dim. of Glomus, ball). 
Small ball or coil formed by an agglomeration of 
vessels, as glomerule of Malpighi. See Corpora Mal- 
pighiana. G. of kid'ney, tuft or mass of blood-ves- 
sels in corpus Malpighianum. G. of periodon'tium, 
periodontal tufts resembling those of the kidney. G. 
of Ruysch, corpora Malpighiana. G. of spleen, cor- 
pora Malpighiana. 
Glomer'uli (pl. of Glomerulus) arterio'si coch'- 
leae, glomerules or branches of auditory artery in 
the cochlea. G. of kid'ney, corpuscles of Malpighi. 
G. Malpigh'ii, corpora Malpighiana. G. plexuo'si, 
occasional glomerules seated in the thoracic duct. G. 
rena'les, corpora Malpighiana. 
Glomerulitis, glom-er-u-le'tis. Involvement of GLOM ERULO-NEPHRITIS 
the glomeruli of Malpighi in inflammation of the 
kidney. 
Glomerulo-nephritis, glom-er'u-lo-nef-re'tis. In- 
flammation of structure of the kidney commencing 
with the glomeruli. 
Glomerulus, glom-er'u-lus. Glomerule. G. arte'- 
rio-coccyge'us or arterio'sus coccyge'us, coccygeal 
gland. G. cauda'lis, coccygeal gland. G. choroi'- 
deus, part of choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle 
of the brain. G. olfacto'rius, ball made by a coil of 
fibres of the olfactory nerve. 
Glom'ulus. Glomerule. 
Glo'mus. Glomerule. G. choroi'deus, glomerulus 
choro'ides. 
Glonoin, glo'no-in. Nitroglycerin. Trinitroglyc- 
erin. Liquid substance prepared by adding glycerin 
to a mixture of sulphuric acid and fumigating nitric 
acid, pouring it into water, and washing upon a filter. 
Oleaginous substance of sweet taste, slightly soluble in 
water, but readily in alcohol and ether. Active poi- 
son ; used therapeutically in Bright's disease, angina 
pectoris, asthma, cerebral anaemia, etc. Dose, one 
drop of a 1 per cent, solution, gradually increased. 
Glorio'sa super'ba. Plant of E. Indies, uat. ord. 
Liliacese, root of which is narcotic, tonic, and anti- 
periodic. 
Glos'sa. Tongue. Power of speech. Speech. 
Glossagra, glos'ah-grah (glossa, agra, seizure). Pain 
in the tongue. 
Glos'sal. Relating to the tongue. 
Glossalgia (glos-al'je-ah) or Glottal'gia (glossa, 
algos, pain). Pain in the tongue. Glossodynia. 
Glossanischum (glos-an-is'kum), Glossanochum 
(glos-san'ok-um), or Glossanoch/eus (glossa, anecho, 
to hold up). Instrument for holding up the tongue. 
Glossanthrax, glos-an'thrax (glossa, anthrax, car- 
buncle). Anthrax or carbuncle of the tongue; dis- 
ease more common in cattle than in man. 
Glossectomy, glos-sek'to-me (glossa, ektome, excis- 
ion). Excision or amputation of the tongue. 
Glossepiglottic, glos-ep-e-glot'tik. Relating to the 
tongue and epiglottis. 
Glossianus, gios - se - an' us. Lingual; lingualis 
muscle. 
Glossitis, glos-se'tis. Inflammation of the tongue. 
When it affects the whole of the tongue it is a serious 
disease, and requires the vigorous use of antiphlogis- 
tics. Dissecting glossitis produces deep furrows and 
cracks, and gives rise to increased pain by the action 
of the secretions of the mouth and of alimentary 
matters. G., aph'thous, aphthae. G., dissect'ing, 
see Glossitis. G., follic'ular, glossitis involving folli- 
cles of tongue and larynx, with ulceration. G., gum'- 
matous, syphilitic inflammation of the tongue, with 
gummatous deposits. G., mu'cous, stomatitis; inflam- 
mation of mucous membrane of tongue and mouth. 
G. papil'lse, inflammation of papillae of tongue. G., 
scle'rous, sclerosed condition of the tongue. 
Glos'so (glossa, tongue). In composition, relating or 
appertaining to the tongue. 
Glosso-ataxia, glos-so-at-aks'e-ah (glosso, ataxia, 
want of co-ordination). Want of muscular co-ordi- 
nation of the tongue. 
Glossocace, glos-sok'as-e (glosso, kakos, evil). Ulcer- 
ation of the tongue, with symptoms of adynamic 
fever. 
Glossocarcinoma, glos-so-kar-sin-o'mah (glosso, kar- 
kinoma, cancer). Cancer of the tongue. 
Glossocardia Bosvallia, glos-so-kar'de-ah bos-val'- 
le-ah. E. Indian plant; bitter, aromatic, emmena- 
gogue. 
Glossocat'ochus or Glossocatoche, glos-so-kat'o-ke 
(glosso, katecho, to arrest). Tongue-holder; instrument 
to depress the tongue in order to examine diseases of 
the fauces. The 'finger or the handle of a spoon or a 
spatula is generally used. 
Glossocele, glos-so-se'le (Eng. glos'so-seel) (glosso, 
kele, hernia, tumor). Hernia of the tongue; projec- 
tion of the tongue from the mouth, depending gene- 
rally on an inflammatory swelling. Chronic glosso- 
cele, or oedematous engorgement, sometimes proceeds 
487 
GLOSSOPHARYNGEUS 
to a great length, and deforms the dental arches, the 
lips, etc. 
Glossocoma, glos-so-ko'mah. Cramp or spasm of 
the tongue. 
Glossoc'omon, Glossoc'omum, or Glossocomion, 
glos-so-ko'me-on (glosso, komeo, to guard). Small case 
for holding the tongues of wind instruments. By 
extension it is applied to the box or cradle in which 
fractured limbs are kept. 
Glossodesmus, glos-so-des'mus (glosso, desmos, band- 
age). Fraenum of tongue; bandage for the tongue. 
Glossodynia, glos-so-din'e-ah. Pain or neuralgia 
of the tongue. 
Glosso-epiglottic (glos-so-ep-e-glot'tik) or Glosso- 
epiglottidean, glos-so-ep-e-glot-tid-e'an. Belonging 
to the tongue and epiglottis. Term applied to fleshy 
fibres passing from the base of the tongue toward the 
epiglottis; more evident in some mammalia than in 
man. Their use seems to be to raise the epiglottis and 
to remove it farther from the glottis. They have been 
called also retractores epiglottidis. G.-e. folds, folds of 
mucous membrane passing from root of tongue to epi- 
glottis, between which are the Glosso-epiglottic fosses. 
G.-e. frsen'ula or frse'na, G. ligaments. G.-e. ligz- 
aments, three folds of mucous membrane connecting 
the anterior surface of the epiglottis with the root 
of the tongue. 
Glossography, glos-og'raf-e (glosso, graphs, descrip- 
tion). Anatomical description of the tongue. 
Glossogyne (glos-og'in-e) Chinen'sis. Root is used 
in toothache and as an expectorant, and the leaves are 
employed externally in burns. 
Glossohyal, glos-so-hi'al. Name given by Geoflroy 
Saint-Hilaire to the posterior cornua of the os hyoides. 
Glos'soid. Having the shape of the tongue. 
Glos'so-la'bial. Relating to tongue and lips. 
Glosso-labio-laryngeal, gios'so-lab'e-o-lar-in-je'al. 
Relating to tongue, lips, and larynx. G.-l.-l. paral- 
ysis, chronic bulbar paralysis in which progressive 
symmetrical paralysis exists, aflecting the lips and 
neighboring muscles of face, tongue, pharynx, and oc- 
casionally the larynx. 
Glosso-labio-pharyngeal, gios'so-lab'e-o-far-in-je'- 
al. Relating to tongue, lips, and pharynx. 
Glosso-laryngeal, gios'so-lar-in-je'al. Relating to 
the tongue and larynx. 
Glossology, glos-ol'o-je (glosso, logos, treatise). Study 
of the tongue in disease ; treatise on the tongue or on 
speech. Nomenclature. 
Glossolysis, glos-sol'is-is (glosso, lusis, solution). 
Paralysis of the tongue or of articulation. 
Glossomanteia or Glossomantia, glos-so-man-te'a 
(glosso, manteia, divination). Prognosis from condition 
of the tongue. 
Glossomegistus, glos-so-mej-is'tus (glosso, megistos, 
greatest). Glossocele; hypertrophy of the tongue; pro- 
trusion of enlarged tongue. 
Glosson'cus (glosso, onkos, tumor). Swelling of the 
tongue. G. inflammato'rius, swelling of the tongue 
from inflammation. 
Glosso-palatine (gios'so-pal'at-ene) arch. Anterior 
arch of fauces; palatoglossus; relating to tongue and 
palate. 
Glossopalatinus, glos-so-pal-at-e'nus. Glossostaphy- 
linus; paralysis aflecting the muscles of speech and 
deglutition. 
Glossopathy, glos-sop'ath-e (glosso, tongue, pathos, 
disease). Disease of the tongue. 
Glosso-pharyngeal, glos-so-far-in-je'al. Glossophar- 
yngeus; pharyngoglossal. G.-p. nerve, pharyngoglos- 
sal nerve. G.-p. nu'cleus, situate in floor of fourth 
ventricle, and continuous with anterior extremity of 
vagus nucleus. G.-p. paral'ysis, term usually applied 
to the glosso-pharyngeal nerve itself, as well as the 
muscle. 
Glossopharynge'us. Belonging to the tongue and 
pharynx. Some anatomists thus designate certain 
fleshy bundles arising from the lateral parts of the 
base of the tongue, and inserted into the parietes of 
the pharynx. They form part of the constrictor 
pharyngis superior. GLOSSOPHYTIA 
Glossophytia, glos-so-fit'e-ah (glosso, phuton, vegeta- 
tion). Enlargement of papillae filiformes of tongue, 
with darkening of pigment; black tongue. 
Glossoplegia, glos-so-plej'e-ah (glosso, tongue, plege, 
stroke). Paralysis of the tongue, due to traumatic in- 
jury to, or pressure upon, the hypoglossal nerve. 
Glossoptosis, glos-so-to'sis (glosso, ptosis, falling). 
Glossocele. 
Glossorrhagia, glos-sor-rhaj'e-ah (glossa, tongue, 
rhegnumi, to break forth). Hemorrhage from the 
tongue. 
Glossorrhaphy, glos-sor'rhaf-e (glossa, tongue, 
rhaphe, suture). Suture or stitching of the tongue. 
Glossoscopy, glos-sos'ko-pe (pZosso, skopeo, to view). 
Inspection of the tongue as an index of disease. 
Glossosemeiotics, glos-so-sem-i-ot'iks (glossa, semei- 
otiee, semeiology). Signs of disease taken from the 
tongue. 
Glossospas'mus (glosso, spasmos, spasm). Cramp or 
spasm of the tongue. 
Glossospatha, glos-so-spath'ah (glosso, spathe, 
spatula). Spatula for pressing down the tongue; 
tongue-depressor. 
Glossostaphylinus, glos-so-staf-il-e'nus (glosso, sta- 
phule, uvula). Small, thin, narrow, and long muscle 
arising from the base of the tongue, and inserted at 
the inferior and lateral part of the velum palati. 
Glossosteresis, glos-so-ster-a'sis (glosso, steresis, pri- 
vation). Extirpation of the tongue. 
Glossostrophia, glos-so-strof'e-ah (glosso, strepho, to 
turn). Doubling of the point of the tongue upward 
and backward; said to have been a mode of suicide. 
Glossotomy, glos-sot'o-me (glosso, tome, section). Dis- 
section or amputation of, or anatomy of, the tongue. 
Glos'sy skin. Shiny smoothness of skin, with 
atrophy and burning pain, after injury of a nerve; 
the pain being called causalgia. 
Glossypertrophy, glos-hy'per-trof-e (glosso, huper, 
over, trophe, nourishment). Hypertrophy or super- 
nutrition of the tongue. 
Glot'ta. Glossa; tongue. 
Glottagra, glot'tag-rah (glotta, agra, seizure). Pain 
in the tongue. 
Glottalgia, glot-tal'ge-ah (glotta, algos, pain). Pain 
in the tongue. 
Glot'tic. Relating to the tongue or to the glottis. 
Glottis (glottis, mouth-piece of a flute). A small, 
narrow, oblong aperture in the larynx, comprised be- 
tween the chord® vocales, capable of being modified 
by muscular contraction, as may be required by the 
voice. By the chord® vocales voice is produced. 
The glottis is nearly an inch long in the adult male; 
less in the female and child. Rima glottidis or voca- 
lis is the aperture in which the voice is produced, 
and therefore synonymous with glottis, as given 
above; also ventricle of the larynx, or even the 
whole of the larynx. G., false, cavity between supe- 
rior or false vocal cords. G., infe'rior, glottis. G. in- 
terarytenoi'deus, posterior cavity of larynx between 
arytenoid cartilages. G. ligamento'sus, anterior part 
of larynx between inferior or true vocal cords. G., lips 
of, thyreo-arytenoid ligaments. G., poste'rior, G. in- 
terarytenoideus. G., spasm of, asthma thymicum. 
G. spu'ria, G., superior. G., supe'rior, cavity be- 
tween the superior or false vocal cords. G., true or 
ve'ra, glottis. 
Glottiscope, glot'tis-kope (glottis, slcopeo, to view.) 
Laryngoscope. 
Glottitis, glot-te'tis. Inflammation of the tongue. 
Gloutius, gloot'e-us (gloutos, breech). Gluteal. G. 
max'imus et ex'timus, gluteus maximus. G. secun/- 
dus et me'dius, gluteus medius. G. ter'tius et inz- 
timus, gluteus minimus. 
Glover's su'ture. See Suture. 
Glucaemia, glu-se'me-ah (glukus, sweet, haima, 
blood). Saccharine condition of the blood. 
Glucogen'esis or Glucogenia, glu-ko-jen'e-ah. Gen- 
eration or formation of sugar, as in the liver. 
Glucohsemia, glu-ko-hc'me-ah. Saccharine con- 
dition of the blood. 
Glu'cose, Gly'cose (glukus, sweet). Dextrose, grape-, 
488 
GLU17EUS 
fruit-, starch-, and honey-sugar. A variety of sugar, a 
carbohydrate occurring naturally in many vegetable 
juices and in honey; also in blood, bile, liver, lungs, 
heart, urine, etc. Compared with cane-sugar, it is 
much less soluble in water and less disposed to crys- 
tallize ; and, when injected into the blood-vessels, 
does not pass off to the like extent by the kidneys. 
Diabetic, urinary, and hepatic sugar have the same 
chemical composition as glucose. 
Glucosides, glu'co-sides. Certain proximate, non- 
nitrogenous vegetable principles, which, by ebullition 
with dilute acid, or action of ferments, or other 
method of decomposition, take up the elements of 
water and yield glucose, accompanied by a second 
substance, differing in each case according to the body 
operated on. The more important glucosides, some 
of which are interesting pharmaceutically and thera- 
peutically, are amygdalin, from bitter almonds, etc.; 
arbutin, from arbutus uva ursi; cathartic acid, from 
senna; colocynthin, from colocynthis; digitalin, from 
digitalis ; glycyrrhizin, from licorice root; helleborin, 
from hellebore root; jalapiu, from resin of jalap; 
salicin, from willow bark; scammonin, from scam- 
mony resin; tannin, from various barks, leaves, etc. 
Glu'cosines. Bases obtained by the action of am- 
monia on glucose ptomaines. 
Gluco'sis. Glycosuria; diabetes mellitus. 
Glucosuria, glu-ko-su're-ah (glulcus, sweet, ouron, 
urine). Glycosuria; diabetes mellitus. 
Glucusimide, glu-cu'sim-ide. Saccharin. 
Glue band'age. A bandage used in the treatment 
of fractures; glue, diluted with alcohol, being ap- 
plied over an ordinary roller. G. car'tilage, chon- 
drin. G. fish, ichthyocolla. 
Glue'bone. Osteocolla. 
Glue'fish. Ichthyocolla. 
Glu'ge's cor'puscles. Cells or corpuscles which 
have experienced fatty degeneration. 
Glu'side. Saccharin. 
Glutae'al. Gluteal. 
Glutae'o-perinea'lis. Belating to glutseus muscle 
and perinaeum. Unusual origin of muscular fibres of 
superficial transversus perinaei from fascia of glutaeus 
maximus. 
Glutaeus, glu-te'us (pZoaios, buttock). Gluteal. G. 
accesso'rius, accessory fasciculi of glutaeus medius. 
G. mag'nus or ma'jor, G. maximus. G. max'imus, 
muscle situate at the posterior part of the pelvis and 
at the upper and posterior part of the thigh; large, 
thick, and quadrilateral, and attached above to the 
posterior part of the crista ilii, to the part of the ilium 
comprised between the crista and the upper curved 
line, to the posterior surface of the sacrum, coccyx, 
and great sacro-sciatic ligament; and below it termi- 
nates by a broad aponeurosis inserted into the rugged 
surface descending from the trochanter major to the 
linea aspera of the femur. This muscle extends the 
thigh on the pelvis and rotates the thigh outward, 
and is greatly concerned in station and progression. 
G. me'dius, muscle situate in part beneath the pre- 
ceding ; broad, very thick, radiated, and triangular; 
attached above to the crista ilii, and to the part of the 
outer surface of that bone between the three anterior 
fourths of its crista, its upper curved line, and its 
lower; and below7 it ends by a tendon inserted at the 
upper edge of the great trochanter. It is an abduc- 
tor of the thigh, but can turn the thigh outward or 
inward according as its posterior or inferior fibres are 
thrown separately into contraction. G., mid'die, G. 
medius. G. min'imus or mi'nor, muscle situate be, 
neath the preceding, flat, triangular, and with radi- 
ated fibres; attached above to the external surface of 
the os ilii from the inferior curved line to the ace- 
tabulum, and below inserted into the anterior part of 
the great trochanter. It has the same uses as the pre- 
ceding. G. min'imus accesso'rius, small occasional 
muscle in front of G. minimus, passing from the an- 
terior portion of the ilium to the great trochanter of 
the femur. G. pri'mus, G. magnus; tensor fasciae 
latae. G. profun'dus, ilio-trochantericus parvus. G. 
quar'tus, G. minimus accessorius; iliacus minor. G. GLUTAMIC 
secun'dus, G. medius. G. superficia'lis, ilio-trochan- 
tericus medius. G. ter'tius, G. minimus. 
Glutamic (glu-tam'ik), Glutan'ic, or Glutamin'ic 
ac'id. Acid produced by the splitting up of proteids. 
See Amidoglutaric acid. 
Gluteal, glu-te'al. That which belongs or relates 
to the nates or to the glutsei muscles. G. aponeuro'sis, 
upper and back part of the femoral fascia. In it is a 
remarkable opening, the gluteal arch, for the passage 
of the gluteal vessels and nerves. G. arch, see Glu- 
teal aponeurosis. G. ar'tery, posterior iliac artery. 
One of the largest branches of the hypogastric artery. 
It makes its exit from the pelvis at the upper part of 
the superior sciatic foramen, gains the posterior part 
of the pelvis, and divides into two branches, the su- 
perficial and deep-seated. The last subdivides into 
three secondary branches, whose ramifications are 
distributed particularly to the glutei, longissimus 
dorsi, sacro-lumbalis, etc., and anastomose with the 
sciatic and internal circumflex arteries. G. ar'tery, 
infe'rior, sciatic artery. G. ar'tery, superior, glu- 
teal artery. G. bur'sa, see B. glutsei. G. fold, crease 
or fold between the nates and the thigh. G. fur'row, 
deep groove between the nates. G. lines, curved 
lines of the ilium. G. mus'cles, see Glutseus. G. 
nerves, branches of the sacral plexus, chiefly distrib- 
uted to the glutei muscles. G. re'flex, contraction 
of the gluteal muscles upon irritation or application 
of sudden blows to the skin of the nates, from the 
action of the spinal centre in the lumbar region. G. 
re'gion, region of the nates. G. ridge, prominence 
on the femur for the attachment of the gluteus maxi- 
mus. G. tuberos'ity, G. ridge. G. veins, branches 
of the internal iliac vein following the course of the 
gluteal artery. 
Glu'ten (glue, paste). Vegetable gluten, vegetable 
casein. Principle of vegetables; soft, grayish-white, 
viscid consistence, and very elastic; a combination of 
four protein substances. Water and alcohol do not 
dissolve it. It is soluble in vegetable and in weak 
mineral acids at a high temperature. The farinse 
in which it is found are those preferred for the prep- 
aration of bread, on account of the property it has of 
making the paste rise. Also anything glutinous, as 
plasma of blood. G., an'imal, fibrin. G. articulo'- 
rum, synovia. G. bread, see Bread, gluten. G. car'- 
nis, see Sarcocolla. G. ca'sein, portion of gluten that 
is insoluble in alcohol. G., com'mon, see Gluten. G. 
fi'brin, substance immediately precipitated after 
evaporation of solution of gluten in alcohol. 
Glute'o-fas'cial bur'sa. Bursa between tendon of 
gluteus maximus and origin of vastus externus. 
Glute'o-fem'oral. Eelating to gluteal and femoral 
regions. G.-f. crease, gluteal fold. 
Glute'o-perinea'lis. See Glutseo-perinealis. 
Gluteo-trochanteric, glu-te'o-tro-kan-ter'ik. Ee- 
lating to gluteal region and trochanter. G.-t. bur'sa, 
bursa between gluteus maximus muscle and great 
trochanter of femur. 
Gluteus, glu-ta'us. Gluteus. 
Glu'ti or Glu'tia. Nates; quadrigemina corpora. 
Glu'tin. Gelatin; gliadin. 
Glutinant, glu'tin-ant (glutino, to glue). Agglu- 
tinate. 
Glutina'ria. Saliva. 
Glutina'tion. Agglutination. 
Glu'tinative. Agglutinative. 
Glu'tino-pep'tonate of mer'cury. Glutin-peptone 
sublimate. 
Glu'tinose. Glutinous. 
Glu'tinous (gluten, paste, glue). Viscid, sticky. 
Glu'tin-pep'tone sublimate. White powder pre- 
pared by treating gelatin with hydrochloric acid; 
it contains corrosive sublimate; used hypodermically 
in the treatment of syphilis. It is stated that it does 
not cause abscesses or much pain. 
Glu'tinum. Gluten; glue. 
Gluti'tis (gloutoi, nates). Inflammation of gluteal 
muscles. 
Glu'toi. Nates. 
Glutophthisis, glu-to-te'sis. Wasting away of glu- 
489 
GLYCIN 
teal muscles; phthisis due to abscess in the gluteal 
region. 
Glutopyosis, glu-to-pi-o'sis (glutoi, nates, puosis, sup- 
puration). Suppuration of gluteal muscles. 
Glu'tos. Glutus. 
Glut'ton (glutio, to gulp down). An excessive 
eater. 
Glut'tony. Excessive appetite, owing often to ha- 
bitual indulgence. 
Gluttupatens, glut-tu-pat'ens (gluttus, oesophagus, 
pateo, to extend). Stomach. 
Glut'tus or Glu'tus (sing, of Gluti, nates). Tro- 
chanter major; oesophagus; buttock. 
Glycaemia, glis-e'me-ah. Saccharine condition of 
the blood. 
Glycamil, gli'kam-il (glycerin, amylum, starch). 
Plasma. 
Glycamyl, glis'am-il (same etymon). Glycerite of 
starch. 
Glycansis, glik-an'sis (glukus, sweet). Edulcoration. 
Gly'cerate. Glycerin ether; glycerole; glycerite. 
Glycera'ton. Glycyrrhiza. 
Glycerin, glis'er-in (glukus, sweet). Sweet principle 
of fats and oils, from which it is obtained by their 
decomposition. Chemically, it is glycerylic alcohol, 
C3H53HO, or hydrate of the radical glyceryl, C3H5; 
colorless, odorless, syrupy liquid; sp. gr. 1.25. It is 
soluble in water and alcohol, but not soluble in ether, 
chloroform, or oils. It has also received the names 
glyceric alcohol, hydrate of glyceryl, glyceryl, or pro- 
penyl. It is used externally in cutaneous diseases, as 
psoriasis, pityriasis, lepra, and ichthyosis. It keeps 
the parts moist, as it does not evaporate readily. 
Solutions of other substances in glycerin have been 
variously styled glyceroles, glycerins, glycerates, 
glycerites, glycerata, glycerina. Its solvent powers 
are remarkable, a very large number of dissimilar 
substances being soluble in it. It is thus a valuable 
excipient for medicines. With iodine it forms iodized 
glycerin. Internally, glycerin is alterative and nu- 
tritive, and has been prescribed as a substitute for 
cod-liver oil. The British Pharmacopoeia recognizes 
several officinal glycerina or glycerins, being solutions 
in glycerin, as Glycerinum acidi carbolici, G. acidi 
gallici, G. acidi tannici, G. amyli, G. boracis, G. plumbi 
subacetatis, G. tragacantha; and the Ph. IT. S. has two 
Glycerita, G. amyli and G. vitelli. G., bu'tyrate of, 
see Butter. G., i'odized, see Iodine. G. lymph, solu- 
tion of vaccine lymph in glycerin. 
Glyc'erin-phosphor'ic ac'id. Product of decom- 
position of lecithin; a glycero-phosphate of neurine 
found in brain, seminal fluid, etc. It is formed when 
glycerin and phosphoric acid unite ; produced by the 
decomposition of lecithin. 
Glycerinum, glis-er-e'num. Glycerina, glycerita. 
Glycerita, glis-er-e'tah. Several preparations under 
this name have been officinal at various times, as G. 
acidi carbolici, G. acidi gallici, G. acidi tannici, picis 
liquidse, and G. sodii boratis. The Ph. IT. S. has a 
glyceritum vitelli, glycerite of yelk of egg, made of 
45 parts of fresh yelk of egg and 55 parts of glyc- 
erin. Such an emulsion, under the name of gly- 
conin, has been used in France for medicinal and 
toilet purposes. The IT. S. officinal glycerite may be 
used as a vehicle for cod-liver oil and as an external 
protective application in burns, erysipelas, skin dis- 
eases, etc. In the Ph. Br. they have been grouped 
under head of glycerinum. Glyceratum amyli and 
G. vitelli ovis are alone officinal in Ph. U. S. 
Gly'cerite. Glyceritum. See Glycerin. 
Glycerobo'rate. Compound of glycerin and a bo. 
rate; see Boroglyceride. 
Glycerol, glis'er-ole. Glycerin. Also a combina- 
tion of glycerin with some other remedial agent; see 
Plasma and Glycerin. G. trini'trate, nitro-glycerin. 
Gly'cerolate, Glycerola'tion. Glycerite. 
Glycero-phosphor'ic acid, Glyc'erin-phosphor'ic 
acid. Glycyrrhizin. 
Glyceryl, glis'er-il. Hypothetic radical of glycerin. 
G. bo'rate, boroglyceride. G., hy'drate of, glycerin. 
Glycin, gli'sin. Glycocoll. 490 
GLYCINE 
Glyci'ne abrus. Abrus precatorius. G. apios, Apios 
tuberosa. G. triloba, E. Indian species; purgative. 
Glycipicros, glis-ip-ik'ros {glyco, pikros, bitter). So- 
lanum dulcamara. 
Gly'co, Gly'cy {glukus, sweet). In composition, 
sweet. 
Glycocene, gli'ko-seen. Glycogen. 
GlycocholTc acid {glyco, chole, bile). Chief acid of 
bile. Composition, C26H43NO6. 
Gly'cocin or Gly'cocoll {glyco, kolla, glue). Sugar 
of gelatin. Albuminous principle produced by action 
of caustic alkalies on gelatin or meat. 
Gly'cogen. Animal starch, animal dextrin, hepatic 
dextrin, liver starch. The peculiar white carbohy- 
drate, resembling inulin, in liver, placenta, muscles, 
testicles, cartilage, and tissues of embryo. It is 
isomeric with starch. Sugar produced by its trans- 
formation is identical with grape-sugar. 
Glycogenesis, gli-ko-jen'es-is. Generation or for- 
mation of sugar, as in the liver. 
Glycogen'ic. Relating to the formation of sugar. 
Glycogen'ous. Containing glycogen. Capable of 
forming glucose. 
Glycogeny, gli-koj'en-e {glyco, genesis, generation). 
Generation or formation of sugar, as in the liver. 
Glycohsemia (glik-o-he'me-ah) or Glucohsemia 
{glyco, haima, blood). Saccharine condition of the 
blood. 
Glycol'amine. Glycocoll. 
Glycoleucin, gli-ko-lu'sin {glyco, leukos, white). 
White, sweet substance from the brain. 
Glyconin, gli'kon-in. Emulsion made of glycerin 
and yelk of eggs. A similar preparation is used in 
the French hospitals in burns, erysipelas, and as a 
dietary article. 
Glycopolyurea, glik-o-pol-e-u're-ah {glukus, sweet, 
poly, much, ouron, urine). Diabetes mellitus with ex- 
cess of uric acid. 
Glycorrhoe'a. Elimination of saccharine matter, as 
in the urine. G. urino'sa, diabetes mellitus. 
Gly'cose. Glucose. See Glycerite. 
Gly'coside. Glucoside. 
Glycosometer, gli-kos-om'et-ur {glukus, sweet, me- 
tron, measure). Instrument for measuring amount 
of glucose in urine, based on reduction of cupric tar- 
trate by the latter. 
Glycosuria, glik-o-su're-ah {glyco, ouron, urine). 
Formation or passage of saccharine urine; diabetes 
mellitus. 
Gly'cy. In composition, sweet. 
Glycychymus, glis-ik'im-us {glukus, sweet, chumos, 
chyme). Sweet chyme before bile has changed its 
taste. 
Glycyl, gli'sil. Glyceril. G. hy'drate, glycerin. 
Glycyphyton, glis-if'it-on {glycy, phuton, a plant). 
Glycyrrhiza. 
Glycypikron, glis-e-pik'ron. Bitter-sweet; dulca- 
mara. 
Glycyramarin, glis-ir-am'ar-in. Bitter principle 
derived from glycyrrhiza. 
Glycyrrhetin, glis-ir-ret'in. Resinous matter from 
action of acids on glycyrrhiza; glucoside of glycyr- 
rhiza. 
Glycyrrhiza, glis-ir-rhe'zah {glycy, rhiza, a root). 
Licorice, liquorice. Ord. Leguminosae. The root of this 
Southern European plant, G. glabra, has a sweet 
taste, is mucilaginous, and used as a demulcent, 
chiefly in catarrh. The extract made from it and 
sold in the shops is known as Spanish licorice or 
licorice juice. G. echina'ta, source of Russian lico- 
rice. G. glab'ra, glycyrrhiza. G. glandulif'era, va- 
riety of G. glabra. G. lepido'ta, species found in 
Western United States. 
Glycyrrhi'zate of ammo'nium. Glycyrrhizinum 
ammoniatum. 
Glycyrrhizic (glis-ir-rhi'zik) acid. Active ingre- 
dient of glycyrrhiza, in which it exists in the form 
of glycyrrhizate of ammonia. 
Glycyrrhizin, glis-ir-rhi'zin. Glucoside of glycyr- 
rhiza. 
Glycyrrhizi'num ammonia'turn (Ph. U. S.). Dark- 
GNATHORRHAGIA 
brown soluble substance, used as substitute for lico- 
rice. Dose, gr. v-x. 
Glycyrrhcea, glis-ir-rhe'ah (glycy, rheo, to flow). 
Discharge of saccharine matter from the system, as 
in G. urino'sa, diabetes mellitus. 
Glys'ter. Clyster, enema. 
Glyzi'na. Glycyrrhizinum ammoniatum. 
Gmelina (mel-e'nah) arbo'rea. Verbenaceous tree 
of Malabar; root is bitter, tonic, stomachic; employed 
in dyspepsia, dropsy, gout, malarial fevers, gonor- 
rhoea, etc. G. Asiat'ica, mucilaginous plant of 
E. Indies, used as demulcent expectorant. G. par- 
vifo'lia, same locality, order, and properties as G. 
Asiatica. G. villo'sa, E. Indian tree with astringent 
root. 
Gmelin-Heintz reaction. Gmelin's test. 
Gmelin's (mel'in's) test. Color test for bile-pig- 
ments, consisting of production of colors of the spec- 
trum by adding yellow or fuming nitric acid to bile. 
Gnampsis, namp'sis. Curvature. 
Gnaphalium (naf-al'e-um) Califor'nicum (gnaphalon, 
a lock of wool). California plant with astringent 
properties. G. canes'cens, Mexican plant; astringent, 
emollient, and expectorant. G. congloba'tum, Euro- 
pean species; expectorant. G. dioi'cum, Antennaria 
dioica. G. macroceph'alum, White balsam plant, 
Everlasting life, grows in California; diuretic, ano- 
dyne, diaphoretic, and hypnotic. G. margarita'ceum, 
Cudweed, Pearly life everlasting; indigenous plant. G. 
plantaginifo'lium or plantagin'eum, Antennaria 
plantaginifolia, and G. polyceph'alum, Common ever- 
lasting, Sweet-scented life everlasting, Catfoot, are 
astringent, diaphoretic, and anodyne. G. ro'seum is 
a bitter tonic; G. Sprange'lii, a California species, is 
astringent; and G. vira-vira, of Chili, is diaphoretic 
and antipyretic. 
Gnathalgia, nath-al'je-ah (gnatho, algos, pain). Fa- 
cial or maxillary neuralgia. 
Gnathankylosis, nath-an-kil-o'sis (gnatho, anlcu- 
losis, stiffness of joint). Ankylosis of the lower 
jaw. 
Gnathanthropolypus, nath-an-thro-pol'ip-us (gnath- 
antrum, the antrum of Highmore). Polypus of the 
antrum of Highmore. 
Gnathantrum, nath-an'trum (gnatho, antron, an- 
trum). Antrum of Highmore. 
Gnathic, nath'ic (gnathos, jaw). Eelating to the 
jaw or cheeks. G. in'dex, index of comparison of 
basialveolar length with basinasal, the latter being 
assumed at 100. 
Gnathion, nath'e-on. Mental point; most project- 
ing point in middle line of lower jaw on anterior in- 
ferior border. 
Gnathitis, nath-e'tis. Inflammation of the cheek 
or upper jaw. 
Gnath'mos or Gnathmus, nath'mus. Jaw; cheek. 
Gnath/o. In composition, the jaw or cheek. 
Gnathocephalus, nath-o-sef 'al-us (gnatho, kephale, 
head). Monster without visible head externally, but 
exhibiting voluminous jaws. 
Gnathocynanche, nath-o-sin-an'ke. Cynanche paro- 
tidsea. 
Gnathogramma, nath-o-gram'ma. Local part of 
nasal line; groove on face from middle of the cheek 
to the nose. 
Gnath'on. Glutton. 
Gnathoneuralgia, nath-o-nu-ral'je-ah. Facial or 
maxillary neuralgia. 
Gnathoparalysis, nath-o-par-al'is-is. Paralysis of 
the lower jaw, due to affection of inferior maxillary 
nerve. 
Gnathopharyngeus, nath-o-far-in-ja'us. See Con- 
strictores pharyngis. 
Gnathoplasty, nath'o-plas-te (gnatho, plastikos, for- 
mative). Formation of an artificial cheek; plastic 
surgery of cheek and jaw. 
Gnathoplegia, nath-o-plej'e-ah (gnatho, plege, a 
stroke). Paralysis of the cheek; paralysis of the 
lesser portion of the trifacial nerve, supplying the 
muscles of mastication. 
Gnathorrhagia, nath-or-rhaj'e-ah (gnatho, rhegnumi, GNATHOSCH ISIS 
to burst forth). Hemorrhage from the internal sur- 
face of the cheeks or jaws. 
Gnathoschisis, nath-os'kis-is (gnatho, schisis, fissure). 
Fissure of the jaw. 
Gnathospas'mus. Lockjaw. See Trismus. 
Gnathus, nath'us. Cheek; jaw; part of the jaws 
in which the teeth are fixed. See Bucca, Gena, and 
Maxillary bone. 
Gnesius, na'se-us. Legitimate. 
Gnethum fumikulare, ne'thum fu-mik-u-lar' e. 
Species of fir in the E. Indies; alterative and anti- 
pyretic. 
Gnidia (nid'e-ah) imber'bis and G. pinnifo'lia. 
Two species of genus Thymelceacese, of S. Africa; 
both purgative. 
Gnidium, nid'e-um. Daphne gnidium. 
Gnome, no'ma. Intellect; reason. 
Gnoscopene, nos-ko'peen. Unimportant white 
acicular alkaloid of opium, C34H36N2O11, in mother 
liquor after purification of narceine. 
Gnosis, no'sis. Knowledge; common suffix, as in 
Diagnosis, T'rogno'sis, etc. 
Go'a ipecacuanha. Naregamia. G. pow'der, sub- 
stance deposited in Andira araroba of Brazil, from 
which the proximate principle, chrysarobin, is ex- 
tracted. 
Goaconax. Balsam of tolu. 
Goagurre. E. India wood of varieties of Strychnos. 
Goat bush. Castela Nicholsonii, bark of which is a 
bitter tonic like quassia. G. pep'per, Capsicum fru- 
tescens. G. stones, Orchis mascula. 
Goat's beard, com'mon. Tragopogon. G.'s milk, 
see Milk, goat's. G.'s milk, artificial, see Milk, goat's. 
G.'s rue, Galego officinalis; Tephrosis Virginiana. 
G.'s thorn, Astragalus verus. G.'s weed, Capraria 
bifloria; astringent, in infusion. 
Gob'let cells. Cells having shape of a goblet found 
among cells of epithelium of mucous membranes, as 
of alimentary canal. G., emet'ic, see Calix vomitorius. 
Go'craw. Gokhree. 
Godfrey's cor'dial. Celebrated anodyne nostrum, 
for which the following form is recommended by a 
committee of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy: 
tinct. opii, Oiss; syrupi nigri, Oxvj ; alcoholis, Oij ; 
aquae, Oxxvj ; potassii carbonatis, 3ijss; olei sassa- 
fras, f^iv.-M. 
God's mark. Mark formerly placed on houses in 
England as a sign that the plague was there. 
Goemin, go'em-in. Neutral substance resembling 
isinglass, resulting from precipitation from decoction 
or mucilage of Chondrus crispus by alcohol. 
Goethe's bone. Bone formed from the supraorbital 
bone by failure in the closure of the transverse suture. 
Gog'gle-eyed. Exophthalmus. 
Gog'gles. Close spectacles in framework accu- 
rately fitting the exterior of the eye. 
Go'go. Plant of W. Africa; cathartic and vermi- 
fuge. 
Goit're, gwoi'tr (guttur, throat). Bronchocele. G., 
ae'rial, bronchocele communicating with the trachea; 
localized emphysema of the neck. G., am'yloid, form 
of goitre with amyloid degeneration of the vessels and 
glands. G., ane'mic, exophthalmic goitre. G., an- 
eurys'mal, pulsating G. with dilated vessels. G., 
a'queous, G., cystic. G., calca'reous, G. with calca- 
reous degeneration. G., can'cerous, cancer of the 
thyroid gland. G., col'loid, cystic G. having colloid 
matter in its interior. G., cys'tic, G. made up of 
cysts containing aqueous or gummy matter. G., ex- 
ophthal'mic, see Exophthalmic. G., fi'broid or fi'~ 
brous, G. from hypertrophy of connective tissue and 
subsequent obliteration of the glandular structure 
from pressure. G., follic'ular, G. with increased de- 
velopment of follicles and adjacent connective tissue. 
G., gelat'inoid, G., colloid. G., gland'ular, G., fol- 
licular. G. leaf, see Laminaria digitata. G., lu'nar 
or men'strual, sudden rapid enlargement of the thy- 
roid gland before or during menstruation. G., os'se- 
ous, G., calcareous. G., parenchy'matous, G., follicu- 
lar. G., pitu'itary, goitrous degeneration of the pitu- 
itary gland. G., puer'peral, G. forming during ges- 
491 
GOLINDRINA 
tation and. disappearing after delivery. G., pul'- 
sating, G. with arterial pulsation; exophthalmic g. 
G., scir'rhous, G., fibrous. G., se'rous, G., cystic. G., 
soft gland'ular, G., follicular. G. sticks,, the stems 
of a seaweed in S. America chewed by the inhab- 
itants where goitre prevails. G., sto'ny, G., calca- 
reous. G., unilat'eral, G. in which only one lobe or 
side of the thyroid gland is involved. G., vas'cular, 
G. with varicose condition of the veins or aneurism. 
G., vesic'ular, G., aerial. 
Goit'rous. Relating to goitre; one affected by 
goitre. 
Gok'rhu. Gokeroo. Fruit of Pedalium murex, of 
the E. Indies. Demulcent, diuretic, and diluent. 
Go'la. Kola. 
Gol'coin, gol'ko-in. Glyconin. 
Gold. Solid, yellow, brilliant, hard, ductile, mal- 
leable, tenacious, and heavy metal, found in nature 
either in native state or combined with a lit- 
tle silver, copper, or iron; s. g. 19.3. It is given 
medically as a tonic, alterative, antisyphilitic, etc. 
The officinal chloride is the trichloride. Common 
name of Calendula officinalis, Myrica gale, Chrysan- 
themum segetum. The chloride or muriate of gold, 
chloride of oxide of gold, has been used in syphilis, 
exostoses, and in venereal, scrofulous, or cancerous 
glandular enlargements. It may be rubbed on the 
tongue or gums in dose of gr. | to J, or internally, 
of a grain, in pill. Other preparations, as the cyan- 
ide or tercyanide; the metallic gold in a state of di- 
vision, obtained by amalgamating gold with mercury, 
and driving the latter off by heat, and in the form of 
filings; the chloride of gold and sodium, hydrochlo- 
rate or muriate of gold and soda, nitromuriate of 
gold, oxide of gold, peroxide of gold, auric acid, and 
iodide of gold (tri-iodide being the officinal one),- 
have been employed in the like affections, and 
with similar results. G. ars'enate, mixture of 
chloride of gold and sodium and neutral arsenate 
of sodium; an effective agent in nervous diseases. 
G. bro'mide, auri bromidum. G. chain, Sedum 
acre; Cytisus laburnum. G., chlo'ride of, see Gold. 
G., cy'anide of, see Gold. G., hydrochlo'rate of, see 
Gold. G., i'odide of, see Gold. G. leaf, Gold-foil; 
used to gild pills and to plug carious teeth. G. mo- 
nobro'mide, yellowish-gray substance used as a ner- 
vine and an antispasmodic in epilepsy. G. mono- 
cy'anide, yellow powder with the formula AuCN 
said to be useful in tuberculosis; dose, gr. to gr. 1, 
in cachets. G., mu'riate of, see Gold. G., nitromu- 
riate of, see Gold. G., ox'ide of, see Gold. G., per- 
ox'ide of, see Gold. G. and so'da, hydrochlo'rate 
of, see Gold. G. and so'da, mu'riate of, see Gold. 
G. and so'dium, chlo'ride of, this preparation of 
gold is the one commonly employed, and is used in 
gastric catarrh, torpid liver, cirrhosis of the kidney, 
spinal sclerosis, syphilis, and other diseases. The dose 
is gr. G., ox'ide of, see Gold. G., tercy'anide 
of, see Gold. G., white, Chrysanthemum leucanthe- 
mum. G., yel'low, Chrysanthemum segetum. 
Gold-beater's skin. Intestina recta of the ox, 
beaten quite smooth for the manufacture of gold-leaf. 
Used as a defensive dressing for slight cuts, etc. 
Gold'en bug. Coccinella septempunctata. G. chain, 
gold chain. G. flow'er, chrysanthemum. G. knop, 
Coccinella septempunctata. G. rag'weed, Senecio 
aureus. G. rod, Solidago virgaurea. G. rod, fra- 
grant, Solidago odora. G. rod, rig'id, Solidago rigida. 
G. rod, sweet-scented, Solidago odora. G. seal, see 
Columba, Hydrastis Canadensis. G. sene'cio, Senecio 
aureus. G. show'er, Cytisus laburnum. G. shrub, 
Palicourea speciosa. G. sul'phur, antimony penta- 
sulphide. G. sul'phuret of an'timony, antimony 
pentasulphide. G. thread, Coptis trifolia. 
Gold'ens, Gold'ings, or Golds. Chrysanthemum 
leucanthemum; Calendula officinalis. 
Gold'thread. Coptis. 
Golindrina (gol-in-dre'nah) or Gollindrinara, gol- 
lin-drin-ah'rah. Euphorbia prostata; E. polycarpa, 
species of Opercularia of Peru having antipyretic 
properties. GOLL 
Goll, col'umn or tract of. See Columns. G., nu'- 
cleus of, clavate nucleus. 
Gotland. Ranunculus; Chrysanthemum segetum. 
Gom'bo. Hibiscus esculentus. 
Gomorte'ga or Gomortegia (gom-or-tej'e-ah) nit'- 
ida. Aromatic tree of Chili; leaves are astringent; 
fruit is eaten for food. 
Gomphia, gom'fe-ah. Button-flower. G. angusti- 
fo'lia, E. Indian plant; root is aromatic and bitter; 
leaves are used in gastralgia. G. hexasper'ma, Bra- 
zilian plant; bark is astringent. G. Malabar'ica, 
plant of Malabar; leaves are antiperiodic, and root 
and bark are used externally in cutaneous affections. 
G. obtusifo'lia, roots and leaves of this plant of 
Jamaica are tonic and stomachic. G. oval'is, plant 
of Brazil; root is used in toothache. 
Gomphiasis (gom-fe'as-is) or Gomphias'mus (po»i- 
phos, nail). Disagreeable acid sensation in the 
mouth; looseness of the teeth in their sockets; 
toothache. 
Gom'phioi. Molar teeth. 
Gomphocarpus (gom-fo-kar'pus) cris'pus (gomphos, 
nail, karpos, fruit). S. African plant, the root of 
which, formerly known to the Dutch apothecaries as 
radix asclepiadis crispse, is extremely bitter and 
acrid; diuretic; infusion used in dropsy, tincture in 
colic. G. fructico'sus, Cape cotton shrub; wild Aus- 
tralian cotton plant; plant of Africa, adulterant of 
senna. G. peduncula'tus, plant resembling G. crispus 
in therapeutic effect. 
Gompho'ma. Gomphosis. 
Gompho'sis. Immovable articulation, in which 
one bone is received into another, like a nail or peg 
into its hole; as articulations of the teeth with the 
alveoli, or styloid process into vaginal process of 
temporal bone. Impaction of foetal head. 
Gomphrena macrocephala, gom-fre'nah mak-ro- 
sef'al-ah. Species of Brazil, having therapeutic action 
of G. officinalis. G. offlcina'lis, herb of Brazil, ord. 
Amaranthace®, root of which is stimulant and tonic 
in dyspepsia, colic, diarrhoea, dysentery, malarial 
fevers, etc. G. procum'bens, leaves of this Mexican 
plant are used as cataplasms in ulcers and other sores; 
root is tonic and astringent. 
Gom'phus. Clavus. 
Gomu'to palm or Gomu'tos gomu'to. Tree of East 
Indies yielding a sweet juice called toddy. 
Gonacrasia, gon-ak-ras'e-ah (gono, a, krasis, mix- 
ture). Spermatorrhoea. 
Gonacratia, gon-ak-rat-e'ah (gono, a, kratos, power). 
Spermatorrhoea. 
Go'nads. Sexual organs. 
Go'n®. Genitals. 
Gon'agra or Gonyagra, gon'e-ag-rah (gony, agra, 
seizure). Gout or rheumatism in the knees. 
Gonalgia (gon-al'je-ah) or Gonyal'gia (gony, algos, 
pain). Pain in the knee, generally gout, but it may 
depend on some other disease, either of the knee or 
of another part, particularly of the hip-joint. 
Gonarthritis, gon-arth-re'tis (gony, arthron, joint, 
itis). Inflammation of the knee-joint. 
Gonarthrocace, gon-arth-rok'as-e (gony, arthron, 
joint, kakos, bad). White swelling of the knee; hy- 
drarthrus. 
Gonarthromeningitis, gon-arth-ro-men-in-je'tis (go- 
ny, arthron, joint, meninx, membrane). Inflammation 
of synovial membrane of knee. 
Gonarthrot'omy (gonu, knee, arthron, joint, tome, 
incision). Operation of opening the knee-joint. 
Gonatal'gia. Gonalgia. 
Gonatan'cos. Bend of knee; abnormal curvature 
of knee. 
Gonatocele, gon-at-o-se'le (Eng. gon'at-o-seel). Gon- 
ocele. 
Gonatorrheum'a. Gout or rheumatism in the knee. 
Gonaura, gon-au'rah (gona, aura, air). Aura semi- 
nis. See Sperm. 
Go'ne. Semen; gonorrhoea ; uterus; offspring ; 
superfoetation; birth. 
Gonecyst, gon'e-sist (gono, kustis, bladder). Vesicul® 
492 
GONORRHOEA 
Gonecystitis, gon-e-sist-e'tis (gono, kustis, bladder, 
itis). Inflammation of the vesiculse seminales. 
Gonecyston'cus (</ono, kustis, bag, onkos, tumor). 
Swelling of vesiculae seminales. 
Gonecystopyo'sls (gono, sperm, kustis, bladder,puon, 
pus). Suppuration of vesiculse seminales. 
Gonepoet'icus or Gonepoeus, gon-e-pe'us (gono, 
poieo, to make). Augmenting the secretion of semen; 
exciting the venereal act. 
Gonepoiesis, go-ne-poi-a'sis (same etymon). Secre- 
tion or production of semen. 
Gongro'na. Bronchocele; ganglion. 
Gongrophthisis, gon-gro-te'sis (gongros, excrescence, 
phthisis'). Phthisis pulmonalis. 
Gongylidium, gon-gil-id'e-um (gongulos, round). 
Pill. 
Gongyl'ion or Gongylls, gon'gil-is. Pill. 
Gongyloid, gon'gil-oid (gongulos, round). Bound 
like a ball. 
Go'nic (gonos, semen). Relating to sperm or genital 
organs. 
Gon'imos or Gonimus, gon'im-us. Critical; pro- 
creative. 
Goniocath'eter (gonia, angle). Angular or crooked 
catheter. 
Goniomele, go-ne-o-ma'la (gonia, angle, mele, probe). 
Angular or crooked probe or sound. 
Goniometer, go-ne-om'et-ur (gonia, angle, metron, 
measure). Instrument for measuring angles, as facial 
angle. 
Gonion, go'ne-on. Outer side of angle of lower jaw 
taken as a point of craniometrical guidance. 
Goniosis, go-ne-o'sis. Weak pulse, result of ex- 
haustion. 
Go'nio-zygomat'ic in'dex. Index of relation of 
bigoniac and bizygomatic diameters of cranium. 
Goni'tis (gonu, knee). Inflammation of the knee. 
Gono (gonos, sperm). In composition, sperm. 
Gonobolia (gon-o-bol'e-ah) or Gonobolis'mus (gono, 
bole, throwing). Ejaculation of sperm. 
Gonob'olus conduran'go. Condurango. 
Gonocace, gon-ok'as-e (gony, kakos, evil). White 
swelling of the knee; hydrarthrus. 
Gonocele, gon-o-se'le (Eng. gon'o-seel) (gono, kele, 
tumor). Spermatocele; swelling of the testicles and 
cord; swelling of the knee (gonu, knee). 
Gonochor'isis or Gonochoris'mus (gonos, offspring, 
chorizo, to separate). Division of the sexes; trans- 
formation of hermaphroditic sexual organs into dis- 
tinctive sexual apparatus. The individual whose sex 
is thus determined is said to be Gonochoristus. 
Gonococ'cus of Neisser (gonos, sperm, kokkos, ker- 
nel). Micrococcus of gonorrhoea, considered its spe- 
cific micro-organism. Discovered in 1878, under the 
name staphylococcus gonorrhcese. 
Go/nocyte (gonos, offspring, kutos, cell). Ovum in 
interior of which is female pronucleus. G., male, 
spermatozoid. 
Gonodis'cus. Proligerous disk. 
Gonoides (gon-o-e'des) or Go'noid. Similar to 
sperm; spermatoid. 
Gonolobus (gon-oro-bus) conduran'go (gonia, angle, 
lobos, pod). Shrub of South America; bark is an al- 
terative and stomachic tonic. G. macrophyl'lus, in- 
digenous; root is cathartic; the juice is an arrow- 
poison. G. obli'quus, juice of this plant of Central 
United States is emeto-cathartic. 
Gonophyse'ma (gonu, knee, phusema, distension). 
Distension or emphysema of knee-joint. 
Gonopoesis, gon-o-po-a'sis. Secretion or production 
of semen. 
Gonopceus, gon-o-pe'us. Increasing spermatic se- 
cretion ; exciting the venereal act. 
Gonopoiet'icus (gono, poieo, to make). Augmenting 
secretion of sperm. 
Gonorrhoblepharrhoe'a. Gonorrhceal ophthalmia. 
Gonorrhoea, gon-or-rhe'ah (gono, rheo, to flow, be- 
cause the old writers believed it to be a flux of semen). 
Inflammatory discharge of mucus from the mem- 
brane of the urethra in both sexes; from that of the 
prepuce in man, and the vagina in woman. It may GONORRHOEAL 
be excited spontaneously, or by irritants directly ap- 
plied, pseudogonorrhcea; but is usually produced by 
impure connection. Gonorrhoea pura or benigna is a 
form that does not follow impure connection, but 
gonorrhoea impura, or clap, is the result of impure 
commerce, being a specific inflammation of the 
uterus or vagina, characterized by mucous discharge 
intermixed with specific matter, and accompanied 
with burning pain on micturition. It is decidedly 
infectious, but is a distinct disease from syphilis, and 
never produces it. It depends on the presence of a 
micro-organism, the Gonococcus of Neisser; see Gono- 
coccus and Micrococcus gonorrhoeas. Inflammation of 
the bladder and of the testicles frequently occurs 
during acute gonorrhoea, and stricture of the ure- 
thra in chronic gonorrhoea. Gonorrhoeal rheuma- 
tism may also occur. Inflammatory symptoms usu- 
ally subside in four or five weeks, sometimes leaving 
behind more or less of the gonorrhoea mucosa or 
gleet. 
When it affects the glans penis, gonorrhoea is called 
G. spuria, G. balani or prseputialis, balanoblennorrhoea, 
balanorrhoea, balanitis, blennorrhagia spuria or notha, 
external clap. When gonorrhoea is of the impure 
kind, it is called balanorrhagia. When implicating 
both the glans and the prepuce, it is called balano- 
posthitis. 
In consequence of repeated attacks of gonorrhoea, 
or of the debility induced by a single attack, it not 
unfrequently happens that a constant, small discharge 
occurs, or remains behind, after all danger of infec- 
tion is removed. The discharge consists of globular 
particles contained in slimy mucus, and is generally 
devoid of the yellow color characterizing the discharge 
of gonorrhoea virulenta. It is unattended with pain, 
scalding, etc. This is called gleet, gonorrhoea longa 
or chronica, gonorrhoea mucosa, blennorrhcea longa 
or chronica, blennorrhcea, etc. It is commonly a dis- 
ease of some duration. G., ante'rior chron'ic, chronic 
gonorrhoea of the anterior portion of the urethra, 
from the meatus to the triangular ligament. G. 
bal/ ani, G. spuria, gonorrhoeal balanitis. G. benig'- 
na, see Gonorrhoea, Leucorrhoea. G. catarrha'lis, 
pseudogonorrhoea; see Gonorrhoea. G. chorda'ta, 
chordee; see Gonorrhoea. G. chron'ica, gleet; see 
Gonorrhoea. G. contagio'sa, see Gonorrhoea. G. dor- 
mien'tium, seminal discharge during sleep, and oc- 
casioned by libidinous dreams; spermatorrhoea; see 
Pollution. G. foemina'rum, G. of women. G. im- 
pu'ra, see Gonorrhoea. G. laxo'rum, pellucid dis- 
charge from the urethra while awake, without erec- 
tion, but with venereal thoughts. G. libidino/sa, 
G. laxorum; see Pollution. G. lon'ga, gleet; see Gon- 
orrhoea. G. malig'na, see Gonorrhoea. G. mar'ium, 
G. of men. G. muco'sa, gleet; see Gonorrhoea. G. 
non-contaglo'sa, G. pura. G. no'tha invetera'ta, 
leucorrhoea. G. oneirog'onos, G. dormientium ; pol- 
lution. G., posterior chron'ic, chronic gonorrhoea 
of the posterior portion of the urethra, from the 
triangular ligament to the posterior border of the 
prostate gland. G. prseputiaTis, see Gonorrhoea. G. 
sic'ca, urethritis without discharge. G. spu'ria, 
balanitis; see Gonorrhoea. G. syphllit'ica, see Gon- 
orrhoea and Gonorrhosyphilis. G., u'terine, G. of ute- 
rus. G. vene'rea, virulent g.; see Gonorrhoea. G. 
ve'ra, pollution; spermatorrhoea. G. virulen'ta, see 
Gonorrhoea. 
Gonorrhoe'al or Gonorrho'ic. Relating to gonor- 
rhoea. G. iri'tis, see Iritis. G. ophthal'mia, see 
Ophthalmia. G. rheum/atism, see Rheumatism. G. 
threads, see Threads. 
Gonorrhoprostatitis, gon-or-rho-pros-tat-e'tis. In- 
flammation of prostate gland accompanying gonor- 
rhoea. 
Gonorrhorchi'tis. Gonorrhoeal inflammation of 
the testicles. 
Gonorrhosyph'ilis. Syphilis from urethritic dis- 
charge of one affected with secondary syphilis. 
Gonos. Semen; penis. 
Gonoscheoce'le (Eng. gon-os'ke-o-seel). Spermato- 
cele. 
493 
GO-SIN-JU 
Gon'ose. Containing semen. 
Gonostro'ma (gonos, offspring, stroma, bed). Pro- 
ligerous disk. 
Gonostromatosore, gon-o-stro-mat'o-sore (gonos, off- 
spring, stroma, layer, soros, heap). See Cumulus. 
Gonoze'mia (gono, zemia, loss). Spermatorrhoea. 
Gon'y. Knee. 
Gonyagra, gon'e-ag-rah (gony, agra, seizure). Gout 
or rheumatism in the knee. 
Gonyalgia, gon-e-al'je-ah (gony, algos, pain). Pain 
in the knee. 
Gonyancon, gon-e-an'kon (gony, ankon, curvature). 
Curvature or bending of the knee. Bent knee. 
Gonyba'tia (gonu, knee, baino, to go). Walking or 
progression on the knees. 
Gonycampsis, gon-e-kamp'sis (gony, kampsis, curva- 
ture). Curvature or/bending of the knee. 
Gonycrotus, gon-ik'ro-tus (gony, kroteo, to strike). 
One who is knock-kneed or in-kneed. See Entogony- 
ancon. 
Gonyectypo'sis (gony, extuposis, raising up or em- 
bossing). Curvature of the knee outward; genu 
varum. 
Gonyocamp'sis. Curvature or bending of the knee. 
Gonyoce'le (Eng. gon'e-o-seel) (gonu, knee, kele, tu- 
mor). Tumor or swelling of the knee. 
Gonyon'cus (gonu, knee, onkos, tumor). Tumor or 
swelling of the knee. 
Gonyorrheuma, gon-e-or-rhu'mah. Gout or rheu- 
matism of the knee. 
Gonytyle, gon-it'il-e (gonu, knee, tide, prominence). 
Indurated prominence of the knee. 
Good King Harry or Henry. Chenopodium bonus 
Henricus. 
Goodye'ra pubes'cens (after Goodyer, English bot- 
anist). Adder's violet, Rattlesnake leaf, Rattlesnake plan- 
tain, Networt, Netleaf, Scrofula leaf or weed, Cancer weed. 
Ord. Orchidacese. Indigenous plant, the fresh leaves 
and roots of which are applied to scrofulous sores. 
Goose'berry. Bibes uva crispa. 
Goose'bill. Galium aparine. 
Goose'flesh. Horrida cutis. 
Goose'foot. Chenopodium anthelminticum. G., 
an'gular-leaved, Chenopodium bonus Henricus. G., 
mer'cury, Chenopodium bonus Henricus. G., stink'- 
ing, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
Goose'grass. Galium aparine, G. verum, Polygo- 
num aviculare. 
Goose'grease. Adeps anserinus. G., poi'son, de- 
composed goosegrease, which, after being eaten, causes 
giddiness, prostration, and vomiting. 
Goose'pimples. See Horrida cutis. 
Goose'share or Goose'tongue. Galium aparine. 
Goose'skin, Horrida cutis. 
Gor'dius Medinen'sis. Dracunculus. 
Gorge. Fauces; lower part of the neck; the female 
bust. 
Gorget, gor'jet. Instrument representing a long 
gutter, in the shape of a throat, especially employed 
in operations of lithotomy and fistula in ano, and in 
operations within the vagina. G., cut'ting, see Lithot- 
omy gorget. G. for fls'tula in a'no, this consists of a 
semi-cylindrical wooden or metal staff, four inches 
long, without including the handle, and furnished 
with a wide groove; introduced into the rectum to 
prevent the point of the bistoury from injuring the 
intestine when the internal orifice of the fistula is 
deeply situate. G., lithot'omy, cutting gorget; this 
is used in operation for the stone, to divide the 
prostate and neck of the bladder, to enable the sur- 
geon to introduce the forceps and extract the stone. 
Besides cutting gorgets, there are also blunt gorgets, 
intended to be introduced into the wound, their con- 
cavity serving as a guide for the forceps into the 
bladder. 
Gor'ham's pu'pil photom'eter. Instrument con- 
sisting of a bronzed tube, one end of which is closed 
by a cap which is perforated with holes. The cap is 
provided with a slot; on the cylinder the distance 
between each pair of holes is marked. 
Go-sin-ju. See Evodia glauca. GOSSELIN'S FRACTURE 
Gosselin's frac'ture. Fracture of lower extremity 
of tibia, involving the ankle-joint. 
Gos'sum. Bronchocele. 
Gossypii radix, gos-sip'e-e rad'iks. See Gossypium. 
Gossypium, gos-sip'e-um. G. herbaceum; cotton. 
Nat. ord. Malvaceae. Seeds of the cotton tree, Gos- 
sypium arboreum, have been administered in coughs, 
on account of the mucilage they contain, and a de- 
coction of a pint of the seeds to a quart of water has 
been given in the Southern States in intermittent®. 
The bark of the root is officinal in Ph. U. S. under the 
name Gossypii radicis cortex. It is emmenagogue, 
abortifacieut, and parturifacient, and is given in fluid 
extract. A decoction of the root, gossypii radix, is em- 
menagogue and parturifacient. Cotton wool, cotton, 
raw cotton, gossypium (Ph. U. S.), is used in medicine 
for making moxas, etc., and is applied in the treat- 
ment of recent burns and scalds, as a surgical dress- 
ing in abscesses and suppurating surfaces, etc., 
French wadding, made from purest cotton, being pre- 
ferred. Saturated with glycerin, glycerized cotton, 
it has been employed as a dressing for wounds, ulcera- 
tion of the os uteri, etc.; mixed with iodine, iodized 
cotton, it has been applied, bound with a bandage, over 
glandular enlargements, especially scrofulous swell- 
ings of children. Oil from the seed has been used as 
substitute for olive oil in liniments, ointments, lead 
plaster, etc. G. Barbaden'se grows in E. and W. 
Indies and United States; infusion is galactagogue. 
G. depura'tum, absorbent cotton. G. ful'minans, 
pyroxylin. G. hsemostat'icum, styptic cotton. G. 
herba'ceum, cotton plant, principal source of India 
cotton; gossypium. G. ioda'tum, iodized cotton. G. 
purifica'tum, absorbent cotton. G. salicyla'tum, 
salicylated cotton. G. styp'ticum, haemostatic cotton. 
Gotium, go'te-um. Bronchocele. 
Goua'nia Dominguen'sis or gla'bra. Chewstick 
or chawstick shrub of Jamaica. Nat. ord. Rhamnese. 
Stomachic tonic, chewed by the natives. Used in in- 
infusion as a mouth-wash. The juice is tonic. G. 
leptostach'ya, leaves are employed as cataplasms for 
ulcers and sores. 
Gouge. Curved chisel. 
Goulard's ce'rate (after the proposer). Ceratum 
plumbi subacetatis. G.'s ex'tract, liquor plumbi sub- 
acetatis. G.'s lo'tion, liquor plumbi subacetatis dilu- 
tus. G.'s solution (lead-water), liquor plumbi sub- 
acetatis dilutus. G.'s water, liquor plumbi subaceta- 
tis dilutus. 
Gou'ra. Cucurbita lagenaria and C. ovifera; kola 
nut. 
Gourd. Cucurbita. G., bit'ter, Cucumis colocyn- 
this. G., bot'tle, Cucurbita pepo. G., sour, Adan- 
sonia digitata. G., tow'el or was'hing, Luffa JEgyp- 
tiaca. 
Gourd'worm. Distoma hepaticum. 
Gout. Gout received its name from (F.) goutte, 
drop, because believed to be produced by a liquid 
which is distilled drop by drop on the diseased part. 
Name was first used about 1270, and has been ad- 
mitted into the different languages. Gout is an in- 
flammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts of 
the joints, and is accompanied by an excess of uric 
acid and deposits of urate of sodium in and around 
the joints. It generally attacks, first, the great toe, 
whence it passes to the other smaller joints, producing 
or being attended with sympathetic phenomena, par- 
ticularly in the digestive organs; after this it may 
attack the greater articulations. It is extremely fu- 
gitive and variable in recurrence, and may be ac- 
quired or hereditary. In the former case it rarely 
appears before the age of thirty-five; in the latter, it 
is frequently observed earlier. It is often difficult to 
distinguish it from rheumatism. A combination is 
supposed to exist sometimes; hence called rheumatic 
gout, Rheumatoid arthritis, Chronic rheumatic arthritis, 
or Chronic osteo-arthritis. See Rheumatism. During 
the paroxysm a burning, lancinating pain is expe- 
rienced in the affected joint, with tumefaction, 
tension, and redness. One or more joints may be 
attacked either at the same time or in succession, and 
494 
GOWERS'S TRACT 
in either case the attack terminates by resolution in 
a few days. This is acute, inflammatory, or regular 
arthritis, regular gout, Arthrosia podagra regularis, 
Arthragra legitima or vera or genuina or normalis. 
At other times pains in the joints exist of more or less 
acute character, the swelling being without redness. 
These pains persist, augment, and diminish irregu- 
larly without exhibiting intermission, and conse- 
quently without having distinct paroxysms. The 
disease is then called atonic, asthenic, imperfect, or 
irregular gout, Chronic gout, Arthritis atonica or as- 
thenica, Arthrosia podagra larvata, Dysarthritis, Ar- 
thragra. It may appear primarily or succeed attacks 
of regular gout. 
Gout may also attack internal organs, when it is 
called Arthritis aberrans or erratica or planetica or 
•vaga, Planarthragra, Arthragra anomala, Podagra aber- 
rans, Wandering, misplaced, or Anomalous gout. 
Retrograde or retrocedent, Abarticular, Extra-artic- 
ular, Flying, Recedent, or Misplaced gout, Arthritis retro- 
grada, Podagra retrograda, Arthrosia podagra complicata 
or retrocedens, is when it leaves the joints suddenly 
and attacks some internal organ, as the stomach, 
intestines, lungs, brain, etc. The term arthritis uratica 
has been applied also to gout resulting from abnormal 
exudations of urates into the articular cavities and the 
parenchyma of the cartilage, bones, etc. bounding the 
joints. 
Gout is also called, according to the part affected, 
podagra, gonagra, chiragra, etc. It may be acute or 
chronic, and give rise to concretions, arthritic calculi, 
chiefly composed of urate of sodium, or to nodosities, 
when it is called arthritis nodosa. See Arthritis de- 
formans. 
G., abartic'ular, see Gout. G., anom'alous, that 
which attacks unusual regions. G., artic'ular, see 
Gout. G., asthenic or atonic, chronic gout; see Gout. 
G., car'diac, gout affecting the heart and inducing 
irregularity of its action, disturbing the circulation, 
producing dyspnoea, etc. G., cer'ebral, Gouty apoplexy, 
Apoplectiform cerebral gout, Gouty meningitis; various 
cerebral symptoms connected with or dependent upon 
the gouty diathesis, mainly those of cerebral disease 
due to other causes. G., chron'ic, see Gout. G., dia- 
phragmatic, angina pectoris. G., extra-artic'ular, 
see Gout. G., flying, see Gout; acute rheumatism. G., 
gas'tro-enter'ic, gastro-enteritic symptoms occurring 
during gouty attack. G., irreg'ular, retrocedent gout; 
see Gout. G., larzval or masked, painful symptoms, as 
headache, indicating a general gouty diathesis, with- 
out usual symptoms, as localized pain, heat, redness. 
G., metastatic, gout, retrograde ; wandering or retro- 
cedent gout; see Gout. G., neural'gic, painful affec- 
tions dependent upon gouty diathesis, sometimes cer- 
ebral in their manifestations. G., oedem'atous, G. 
in which there is swelling without other local symp- 
toms of gout, as pain, redness, or heat. G., rece'- 
dent, see Gout. G., reg'ular, acute gout. G.,retro- 
ce'dent or ret'rograde, see Gout. G., rheumatic, see 
Gout and Rheumatism, acute. G., spi'nal, G., vertebral. 
G., sthenic, see Gout. G. stones, calculi, arthritic. 
G., suppressed, gout, retrograde. G., topha'ceous, 
G. with formation of bony or cartilaginous growths 
around extremities of bones, with deposits of sodium 
urate on the cartilages of the joints, and subcutaneous 
concretions. G., ver'tebral, chronic deformative in- 
flammation of the vertebrae, attended with surface 
pains, difficulty of movement, induration, etc. 
Gout'weed or Goutwort. JEgopodium podagraria; 
Ligusticum podagraria. 
Gout'y. Arthritic; podagric. G. iri'tis, iritis asso- 
ciated with a gouty condition. G. kid'ney, granular 
kidney of chronic inflammation of kidney. G. liver, 
interstitial hepatitis. G. meningi'tis, gout, cerebral. 
G. rheum'atlsm, see Gout and Rheumatism, acute. 
Gow'an, ewe. Bellis. G., horse, matricaria; 
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum; Leontodon taraxa- 
cum. G., milk, Leontodon taraxacum. G., yellow, 
ranunculus; chrysanthemum; leontodon. 
Gow'ers's tract. Ascending antero-lateral tract of 
spinal cord, GOWLAND'S LOTION 
Gow'land's lo'tion. Solution, principal ingredients 
of which are bitter almonds, corrosive sublimate, and 
alcohol. 
Gown, red. Scrophulus. G., yel'low, icterus in- 
fantum. 
Goyrand's her'nia. Inguino-interstitial hernia. 
G.'s operation, operation for tying internal mam- 
mary artery by peculiar angular incision near the 
border of the sternum. 
Graafian (gra'fe-an) fol/llcles or ves'icles. Follic- 
uli Graafiani. 
Gracilaria lichenoides, gras-il-lar'e-ah lik-en-o-e'- 
des {gracilis, slender). Fucus amylaceus; Gigartina 
lichenoides. 
Gracilis, gras'il-is. Slender, lean. Slender rectus 
interior or internus femoris muscle situate at the in- 
side of the thigh ; thin and very long, and arising from 
the descending ramus of the pubes, to be inserted at the 
inner and inferior part of the tuberosity of the tibia. 
It bends the leg and causes adduction of the thigh. 
G. ante'rior, rectus femoris in animals. G. bi'ceps, 
occasional form of gracilis muscle, in which it has 
two heads of origin. G. inter'nus or is'chio-femora'- 
lis, muscle corresponding in some animals to the 
human quadratus femoris. G. par'vus, oxyuris ver- 
micularis. 
Gracillimus (gras-il'lim-us) oc'uli or or'bitse. 
Slender separate fasciculus of obliquus superior 
muscle of the eye. G. su'rse, plantaris. 
Grad'uate {gradus, step, degree). In medicine or 
pharmacy, one who has attained a degree. In phar- 
macy, a glass marked for measuring purposes. 
Graduated, grad'u-a-ted {gradus, degree). Divided 
or marked off in degrees. G. com'press, a compress 
formed of pieces gradually diminishing in size, the 
smallest piece being applied directly to the affected 
surface. 
Grsea, gre'ah. Pellicle which forms on milk. Folds 
of skin around the umbilicus. An old woman. 
Grafe's operation for extraction. Modified 
linear extraction for cataract. The long, slender knife 
used in the operation is called Grafe's knife. G.'s 
sign or symptom, distinct motion of the globe of the 
eye apart from that of the eyelid. 
Graft. To unite a part to another, so that it 
may receive support from it; to engraft. The 
operation is called grafting or engrafting. To trans- 
plant living tissue to other parts, in order to sup- 
ply loss of surface, etc. The part so transplanted is 
called a graft. Nerves and tendons may be grafted 
as well as skin. G. the'ory, theory of the causation 
of diseases which supposes that contagious particles 
are portions detached from a living being modified 
by a diseased process, and capable of impressing on 
the healthy organism with which they come in con- 
tact changes similar to those which preceded their 
own modification in the body from which they were 
detached. 
Graft'ing, skin. See Skin-grafting. G., sponge, use 
of antiseptic sponge in grafting to supply a basis for 
the granulations. 
Grain. 60th part of a Troy drachm = .06479 
gramme. Granule. G. oil, fusel oil; amylicalcohol. 
G., oil'y, Sesamum orientate. G. poi'soning, ergotism. 
Grain-founder or Grain-sick. Excessive impaction 
of the stomach of the horse with food. 
Grains, Guin'ea. See Pepper, Malagueta. G. of 
par'adise, Amomum granum paradisi, A. Malagueta. 
Gram. Gramme. 
Gra'ma. Triticum repens. 
Gramal'la. Cassia fistula. 
Gramen, gram'en (grass). Triticum repens. G. 
Aigypti'acum, G. crucis cyperio'idis. G. al'bum, 
arven'se, or cani'num, Triticum repens. G. cruzcis 
cyperioi'dis, cock's foot grass; roots and 
plants possess the virtues of Triticum repens, and have 
been used in the earlier stages of dropsy. G. dioscor''- 
idis, Triticum repens. G. In'dicum, Andropogon 
muricatus. G. ma'jor, Sarsaparilla Germanica. G. 
orienta'le, Juncus odoratus. G. re'pens, Triticum re- 
pens. G. ru'brum, Sarsaparilla Germanica. 
495 
GRANULATIO 
Gramia, gram'e-ah. See Lippitudo. 
Graminiv'orous {gramen, grass, voro, to eat). Feed- 
ing or subsisting on grass. 
Grammarium, gram-mar'e-um. Gramme; scruple. 
Gramme, gram'me (a line). Edge of the cornea; 
iris. Line. 
Gramme, gramm. Ancient weight, equivalent to 
the 24th part of an ounce, or 24 grains, or a scruple, 
avoirdupois. At the present day a gramme is equal 
in weight to a cubic centimetre of distilled water, 
15.43234 grains, Troy. 
Grammitis aurea, gram-me'tis aw're-ah. Asple- 
nium ceterach. G. cet'erach, Asplenium ceterach. 
Gram's method. Method employed for staining 
bacteria. To a filtered saturated solution of anilin oil 
in water a saturated alcoholic solution of gentian- 
violet is added until slight opalescence appears; the 
sections are first soaked in absolute alcohol for ten 
minutes, and then allowed to remain in the staining 
solution for from one to three minutes. 
Grana, gran'ah (pl. of Granum). Hemicrania. G. 
coccognid'ii, mezereon fruit. G. gnid'ii, mezereon 
fruit. G. Guineen'sia, pepper, Malagueta. G. len- 
tis'ci, buds of Pistacia lentiscus; astringent and 
tonic. G. Malaguetta, Meliguet'ta, or Meniguei'ta, 
Grana paradisi. G. Moluc'ca or Molucca'na, Croton 
tiglium. G. moscha'ta or mos'chi, Hibiscus abel- 
moschus. G. orien'tis, see Menispermum cocculus. 
G. paradi'si, see Amomum granum paradisi. G. re'- 
gia, seeds of Eicinus communis. G. sylvestra, 
cochineal insects. G. tig'lii or tig'lia, see Croton 
tiglium. G. til'll, Croton tiglium. G. tritic'ea, see 
Hyoides os. 
Granadilla (gran-ad-il'lah), apple-shaped (dim. of 
Granada, pomegranate). Passiflora maliformis. G. 
caeru'lea, Passiflora caerulea. 
Grana ti flo'res {granum, because full of grains or 
seeds). Pomegranate flowers. G. fruc'tus cortex, 
see Punica granatum. G. radi'cis cortex, see Punica 
granatum. 
Granatin, gran-at'in. Substance derived from bark 
of root of Punica granatum, having a laxative effect; 
also from rind of unripe pomegranate. 
Granatum, gran-at'um. Punica granatum. 
Grand mal. See Epilepsy. 
Grandebalae, gran-deb'al-e. Hair in the arm-pits. 
Grandiflorine, gran-de-flo'reen. Bitter poisonous 
alkaloid from fruit of solanum. 
Grandino'sum os {grando, hail). Cuboid. 
Gran'do (nail). Chalaza; chalazion; tubercle. 
Gran'dry, cor'puscles of. Tactile corpuscles of 
skin of bills and tongue of certain birds and of the 
epidermis of the mammalia. 
Gran'gea maderaspata'na. E. Indian species; 
tonic, antispasmodic. 
Granil'la. Triticum repens. 
Graniv'orous {granum, grain, voro, to eat). Feeding 
on grain or seeds. 
Grantristum. Anthrax. 
Granula (gran'u-lah) (pl. of Granulum) Pacchio'nii. 
Pacchionian bodies. G. san'guinis, globules of the 
blood. G. sem'inis, seminal granules; see Sperm. 
Gran'ular. Composed of or containing granules 
or small particles. G. bod'ies of Donne, colostrum 
corpuscles. G. conjunctl'va or conjunctivitis, tra- 
choma ; see Conjunctivitis. G. degeneration or 
disorganization, first stage of fatty degeneration. 
G. degeneration of kid'ney, kidney, Bright's dis- 
ease of. G. eye'lid, trachoma. G. formation of 
Mey'nert, layer of irregular ganglionic cells in cor- 
tical substance of brain. G. kid'ney, see Kidney, 
Bright's disease of. G. lay'er, membrana granu- 
losa. G. lay'er of ret'ina, cerebral layer of retina. 
G. lid, trachoma. G. liv'er, cirrhosis. G. ophthal'- 
mia, see Ophthalmia. G. ova'rian cell, granular cells 
in fluid of ovarian cysts. G. tin, see Tin. G. vagini'- 
tis, see Glandular vaginitis. 
Gran'ulated. Formed of granules ; granular. G. 
liv'er, cirrhosis. 
Granulatio. Granulation. G. fungo'sa, fungous 
granulation, GRANULATION 
Granulation, gran-u-la'shun. Granulations are the 
reddish, conical, flesh-like shoots forming at the sur- 
face of suppurating wounds and ulcers ; they are the 
product of inflammatory excitement. They form the 
basis of the cicatrix. Also minute, round, flrm, shin- 
ing, semi-transparent tumors, met with in the lungs 
particularly; see Trachoma. In pharmacy, granula- 
tion is a process by which a metal is reduced to fine 
grains, by melting it, and causing it, while liquid, to 
pass through a sieve into a vessel of water, or by shak- 
ing or rubbing the melted metal in an appropriate 
vessel, as in the formation of granular tin or zinc. 
G., cer'ebral, Pacchionian bodies. G., exu'berant or 
fun'gous, large granulations bathed with thin muco- 
purulent matter, the result of cedema'of the part or due 
to abnormal plastic force. G., mil'iary, miliary tuber- 
cles ; small, transparent grains, of variable size-from 
a millet-seed to a grain of hemp-presumed to be the 
primitive state of tubercles. G. tis'sue, elementary 
form of embryonic tissue; met with also in ordinary 
granulations, and in the earliest stage of all rapidly 
developed new formations having their origin from 
connective tissue. The process of repair in cases of de- 
struction of tissue, as by an abscess, is by this tissue, 
formed by new fibrous tissue and blood-vessels devel- 
oped from the fibrous tissues and vessels adjacent to 
the affected part. G. tu'mor, morbid product formed 
by partition and multiplication of the connective-tis- 
sue cells into groups of others resembling lymph-cells, 
lying in the intercellular substance, with a tendency 
to fatty degeneration, as elephantiasis, lupus, etc.; see 
Granuloma. 
Gran'ule (dim. of Granum, a grain). Small grain; 
small compact particle; small cell-mass; cytoblast. 
In pharmacy, small pill or globule. G. cells, cells re- 
sulting from fatty degeneration of various cell-forma- 
tions. G., element'ary, minute protoplasmic masses 
in the blood. G., gland'ular or gland, acinus. G. 
lay'er, layer of olfactory bulb; also layer of cortical 
substance of brain, each containing groups of small 
cells. G. masses of Schultze, see Globules. 
Gran'ules. See Granule. G. of the brain, nuclei 
of the cells of the gray substance of the brain. G. 
of chyle, molecular base of chyle. G., lymph, lymph- 
corpuscles. G. of Malpig'hi, Malpighian corpuscles. 
G., sern'inal, minute, rounded, granulated bodies 
observable in the semen ; see Sperm. 
Granu'lia. Tuberculosis. 
Granuli'tis. Miliary tuberculosis. 
Granulo'ma. Granulation tumor. G. fungoi'des, 
chronic cutaneous affection, consisting at first of flat, 
reddish, dry spots, afterward encrusted and con- 
verted into distinct tumors; mycosis fungoides. G., 
infectious, infectious growth made up of granulation 
tissue. G. of the i'ris, small nodular tumor of the 
iris, of a tubercular nature ; some authors do not re- 
gard these tumors as tubercular, but consider them to 
be granulomata; see Tubercular iritis. G., syphilit'ic, 
syphiloma. 
Gran'ulose. Granular. Term also applied to a solu- 
ble carbohydrate, a constituent of starch, which is 
acted on by organic ferments, organic acids, and di- 
luted mineral acids. 
Granulos'ity. Collection of granular masses. 
Gran'ulous. Granular. 
Gran'ulum (dim. of Grana). Granule. 
Gra'num. Grain. G. re'gium, castor-oil seeds. 
Gran'ville's lo'tion. See Lotion, Granville's counter- 
irritant. 
Grape. Vitis vinifera. Grease of horses, having 
clusters of knots or knobs on the legs. Tubercular 
growths on serous membranes of cattle. G., bear's, 
Arctostaphylos uva ursi. G., dried, Uvfe pass®. G., 
dy'er's, Phytolacca decandra. G., Europe'an, Vitis 
vinifera. G., false, Ampelopsis quinquefolia. G., 
moun'tain or Or'egon, Berberis aquifolium. G., 
sea'side, see Kino. G. su'gar, glucose. 
Grape-cure. Medication consisting in the use of 
grapes for meat and drink, nothing more at the 
farthest being allowed than a piece of dry bread: 
and continued for weeks. Its effects are altogether 
496 
GRATIOLIN 
revellent, and resemble in many respects those of 
hydropathy. 
Grape-tree. Varieties of Coccoloba. 
Grape'wort. Actaea spicata ; Bryonia dioica. 
Graph'ic or Graphical, graf'ik-al (grapho, towrite). 
Pertaining to the act of delineating, as automatic 
tracing. Written. G. meth'od, mode of studying dis- 
eases of the heart and great vessels by tracings of an 
instrument, the sphygmograph, for example. 
Graphidoides (graf-id-o-e' dees), Graphio'des, or 
Graphioi'des (gr aphis, style, eidos, resemblance). 
Styloid. 
Graphites, graf-i'tees (grapho, to write). Carburet 
of iron, black lead; astringent and desiccative, and 
used externally in treatment of herpes and other 
cutaneous affections. 
Graph'ium. Pencil; a sound. G. pencilloi'des, 
form of fungus met with in the external auditory 
canal. 
Graphoi'des (gr aphis, style, eidos, resemblance). 
Styloid. 
Graphology, graf-ol'o-je (grapho, to write, logos, de- 
scription). Description of handwriting; diagnosis of 
certain nervous conditions of faulty co-ordination by 
handwriting of the patient. 
Graphomania, graf-o-man'e-ah (graphe, writing). 
Insane desire to write. 
Graph'oscope (grapho, skopeo, to see). Peculiar 
convex lens for treatment of asthenopia. 
Graphospasm, graf' o - spasm (grapho, to write, 
spasmos, spasm). Writer's cramp. 
Graptophyl'lum (graptos, painted, phullon, leaf) 
Horten'se. Caricature plant of Asia; bark and leaves 
are employed for dissipating glandular swellings. 
Grass. Asparagus; Triticum repens. G., bear's, 
Yucca filamentosa. G., Bermu'da, Cynodon dacty- 
lon. G., bit'ter, Aletris farinosa. G., blue-eyed, 
Sisyrinchium Bermudianum. G., brome, Bromus cil- 
iatus. G., brome, soft, Bromus ciliatus. G., Cana'ry, 
cultivated, Phalaris Canariensis. G., couch, Triti- 
cum repens. G., dog, Triticum repens. G., eel, Pila 
marina. G., Egyptian cock's foot, Gramen crucis 
cyperioidis. G., goat's, scorzonera. G., knot, Poly- 
gonum aviculare. G., lil'y, Sisyrinchium Bermu- 
dianum. G. oil of Nemaur, Oleum graminis Indici. 
G., physic, Sisyrinchium Bermudianum. G., rib, 
Plantago lanceolata. G., scurvy, Sisyrinchium Ber- 
mudianum. G., silk, Yucca filamentosa. G., sweet, 
Acorus calamus. G. tree, xanthorrhcea. G. tree 
resin, resin from various species of xanthorrhcea, 
used in Australia for bowel affections. G., vi'per's, 
scorzonera. G., yellow-eyed, Xyris bulbosa. 
Grass-stag'gers. Paraplegia prevailing among 
horses or cattle. 
Gra'sus. Cinabra; hircismus; bromidrosis. 
Gratia Dei, grash'-e-ah da'e (grace of God). Gra- 
tiola officinalis; Geranium pratense. G. Robertian'- 
um, Scutellaria. 
Gra'ting. Sound made by friction of rough sur- 
faces against one another. 
Gratiola (grash-e'o-lah) au'rea. Indigenous; emeto- 
cathartic and diuretic. G. Carolinien'sis, grown in 
the South and West; has medical properties of C. 
officinalis. G. centauroi'des, G. officinalis. G. of- 
ficina'lis, hedge hyssop, herb of grace; European 
plant; inodorous, with strong, bitter, nauseous taste; 
anthelmintic, hydragogue cathartic, emetic, and diu- 
retic; used in dropsy. G. Virginian'a, indigenous 
plant with similar virtues. 
Gratiolacrin, grash-e-o-lak'rin. Fatty resin from 
Gratiola officinalis. 
Gratiolaretin, grash-e-o-lar-et'in. C34H28O6. See 
Gratiolin. 
Gratiolet (grash-e-o-la'), angle of. Corono-facial 
angle. 
Gratioletin, grash-e-o-let'in. See Gratiolin. 
Gratiolin, grash-e'o-lin. Crystalline glucose ob- 
tained from Gratiola officinalis. When gratiolin is 
acted on by dilute sulphuric acid, gratioletin (crystal- 
line), CaiHasOjo, and gratiolaretin, C34H28O6, both re- 
sult. GRATIOSOLETIN 
Gratiosoletin, grash-e-o-sol-a'tin. See Gratiosolin. 
Gratioso'lin. C46H42O25. Bitter amorphous gluco- 
side from Gratiola officinalis. When treated with 
dilute acids, a yellow bitter substance, gratiosoletin, 
results. 
Grattage (F.) grat-tazh'. Gentle curetting of in- 
terior wall of the uterus with a brush. 
Grav'ative. Weighty, as tumors. 
Grave (gravis, heavy). Serious. G. plant, Datura 
sanguinea. G. wax, adipocera. 
Gravedo, grav-a'do (gravis, heavy.) Catarrh; co- 
ryza ; cranial rheumatism. G. neonato'rum, snuffles. 
Grav'el. A disease occasioned by small concretions, 
similar to sand or gravel, which form in the kidneys, 
pass along the ureters to the bladder, and are expelled 
with the urine. They are commonly composed of 
urates and animal matter, and are deposited at the 
bottom of the vessel immediately after the excretion 
of the urine. Vegetable diet and alkaline drinks are 
the best prophylactics. See Calculi, urinary. A " fit 
of the gravel " is excruciating suffering induced by 
the passage of gravel from the kidney to the blad- 
der. It can only be relieved by anaesthetics, opiates, 
warm bath, etc. Sometimes the deposit is in fine 
particles, like sand. See Lithiasis. G., bil'iary, see 
Cholelithiasis. G., cys'tine, see Cystine. G. grass, 
Galium verum. G., hair'y, G., pileous. G., phos- 
phat'ic, phosphatic calculus. G. pi'leous, species of 
gravel containing hairs, phosphate of lime, ammo- 
niaco-magnesian phosphate, and a little uric acid. G. 
plant, Epigtea repens. G., red or u'ric-ac'id, uric- 
acid calculus. G. root, Eupatorium purpureum; 
Collinsonia Canadensis. G. weed, Onosmodium Vir- 
ginianum; Diervilla Canadensis; Epigaea repens. G., 
white, phosphatic calculus. 
Graveolens, grav-a'o-lens (gravis, oleo, to smell). 
Fetid. 
Graves, disease of. Exophthalmic goitre. 
Grav'id (gravis, heavy). Pregnant. G. u'terus, 
uterus during any period of pregnancy. 
Gravidin, grav'id-in. White sediment in the urine 
of pregnant women, which is said, by its decomposi- 
tion, to give rise to the pellicle kyestein. 
Gravidism, grav'id-izm (gravidus, pregnant). Preg- 
nancy, or condition symptomatic of pregnancy. 
Graviditas, grav-id'it-as. Fecundation; pregnancy. 
G. abdomina'lis, pregnancy, abdominal. G. cervi- 
ca'lis, cervical pregnancy. G. extra-uteri'na, ectopic 
or extra-uterine pregnancy. G. extra-uteri'na in 
ova'rio, pregnancy, ovarian. G. extra-uteri'na se- 
cunda'ria, see Hletacyesis. G. interstitia'lis or intra- 
mura'lis, pregnancy, interstitial. G. mola'ris, mole. 
G. ovaria'lis, ovar'ica, or ova'rli, pregnancy, ova- 
rian. G. seroti'na, prolonged gestation. G. spu'ria, 
pregnancy, false. G. tuba'ria, pregnancy, tubal. 
G. tu'bo-abdomina'lis, tubo-abdominal pregnancy. 
G. tu'bo-ova'ria, tubo-ovarian pregnancy. G. tu'bo- 
uteri'na, interstitial pregnancy. G. u'teri substan'- 
tia, pregnancy, interstitial. G. uteri'na, pregnancy. 
Gravidity, •grav-id'it-e. Pregnancy. 
Gravimeter, grav-im'et-ur (gravis, metron, measure). 
Areometer. Instrument for ascertaining specific 
gravity. 
Gravimetry, grav-im'et-re (same etymon). Meas- 
urement of specific gravity. 
Gra'vls. Heavy. G. odor puer'peri, heavy odor 
peculiar to the lochial discharge. 
Grav'ity, specific. See Specific gravity. 
Gray col'umns. See Columns of spinal cord. G. 
com'missure, see Spinal commissure. G. haired, see 
Poliosis. G. lo'tion, lotio nigra or black wash. G. 
mat'ter of brain, vesicular or cortical substance of 
the cerebrum and cerebellum; see Neurine. G. 
m., infraventric'ular, gray nervous matter in the 
floor of the fourth ventricle. G. m., interme'diate, 
part of gray matter of spinal cord between the arteries 
and posterior cornua. G. m. of op'tic lobe, stratum 
opticum. G. m. of pons, gray matter of pons Varolii. 
G. m., retic'ular, reticulation of gray nervous mat- 
ter, particularly of the medulla oblongata. G. m., 
spi'nal, gray matter of spinal cord. G. mill, Litho- 
497 
' GRIPE 
spermum officinale. G. pow'der, hydrargyrum cum 
creta. 
Grease. Specific inflammation affecting the skin of 
the heels of the horse; eczema of feet of the horse. 
G., bar'row's, adeps suillus. G., goose, adeps anseri- 
nus. G. pox, see Grease. 
Green bark. Bebeeru. G. blind'ness, blindness 
as to green colors. G. bri'er, Smilax rotundifolia; 
root is demulcent and diuretic. G. drag'on, Arisema 
dracontium; root is diaphoretic and expectorant. G., 
em'erald, arsenite of copper. G., French, arsenite 
of copper. G. leech, Hirudo officinalis. G., Par'is, 
arsenite of copper. G., Scheele's, arsenite of copper. 
G., Schweinfurth's, arsenite of copper. G. sick'ness, 
chlorosis. G. wa'ters, lochial discharge when pro- 
longed. 
Green'heart. Nectandra rodiaei. See Bebeeru. 
Green's operation for entro'pion. Operation 
employed in cicatricial entropion of the upper eyelid, 
occurring after trachoma. 
Green'stick frac'ture. See Fracture, greenstick. 
Green'weed. Genista tinctoria. 
Greffotome, gref'fo-tome (greffe, graft, tome, incis- 
ion). Knife specially made for removal of skin 
grafts. 
Gregarina, greg-ar-e'nah (grex, flock). Genus of 
protozoa, family Gregarinidae. See Pleurococcus and 
Sporozoa. G. pulmona'lis or pulmo'num, cysts and 
parasitic organisms in the lungs. Distoma Eingeri. 
Gregarinosis, greg-ar-in-o'sis. Disease of fowls 
caused by parasitic organisms, gregarinse. 
Gremium, gra'me-um. Vulva; breast; lap. 
Grenadine, gren'ad-een. Form of mannite from 
Punica granatum. 
Gressorial, gres-so're-al (gradior, gressum, to pro- 
ceed). Having limbs adapted to walking; able to 
walk; ambulatory. 
Gressura, gres-su'rah. Perineum. 
Gres'sus (gradior, gressum, to step). Walking. 
Grewia micros, gru'e-ah mik'ros. Species of Tilia- 
cese growing in Ceylon; bitter, aromatic, and astrin- 
gent. G. orienta'lis, E. Indian species; all parts are 
aromatic and bitter and antiarthritic. The berries 
and fruit of several other species, as G. Asiatica, G. 
elastica, G. sapida, etc., are used in manufacture of 
refreshing drinks, as sherbet. 
Grielum, gre'el-um. Apium petroselinum; Smyr- 
nium olusatrum. 
Griesinger's disease, gre-sing'er's dis-eze'. Ante- 
nna with dropsy, variously called dirt-eating disease, 
Egyptian chlorosis, etc., but occasionally due to a par- 
asite, anchylostomum duodenale. 
Griff or Grif'fo. See Mulatto. 
Griffith's base. Ptomaine, C10H17N, obtained from 
cultures of the bacterium allii. G.'s mix'ture, mis- 
tura ferri composita, Ph. U. S. G.'s pills, pilulse ferri 
composita. 
Grinde'lia (after D. H. von Grindel of Dorpat) glu- 
tinosa, glu-tin-o'sah. California plant having some- 
what similar properties to G. robusta. Ord. Compos- 
ite. G. hirsu'tala, California plant recommended as 
an antidote to the poisonous effects of Ehus obtusifo- 
lia, the juice or a decoction being rubbed on the parts 
affected. G. robuszta, officinal in Ph. U. S., grows in 
N. and S. America; leaves and flowering tops are 
employed; antiperiodic, antispasmodic, stimulant to 
bronchial mucous membrane; used in asthma, chronic 
bronchitis, and whooping cough. From it are obtained 
an oil having terebinthinate odor, a resin, and a bitter 
alkaloid, Grin'deline. G. squamo'sa, snake-head grin- 
delia, similar to G. robusta in physical and thera- 
peutic properties; used also in hypertrophy of the 
spleen. 
Grind'ers. Molar teeth. 
Grinder's asth'ma or disease rot. Aggregation 
of functional phenomena caused by inhalation of 
particles thrown off during operation of grinding me- 
tallic substances, such as of bronchial 
tubes, phthisis, etc. 
Grinding pains. Pains of early stage of labor. 
Gripe. Pain, sometimes crampy, in the abdomen. GRIPES 
See Gripes. G., cut'ting on the, apparatus minor; 
see Lithotomy. 
Gripes. Tormina; colic. G., wa'tery, popular 
name for a dangerous disease of infancy common in 
England, resembling cholera infantum of this coun- 
try. 
Griphosis, grif-o'sis (grupos, bent). Curving in- 
ward, as of the nails. 
Grippe (F.) (gripper, to seize). Epidemic catar- 
rhal disease; influenza. It is often complicated with 
severe abdominal, cephalic, or thoracic symptoms, 
rheumatism, nervous exhaustion, and other morbid 
conditions. 
Grislea (gris'le-ah) tomento'sa. Dried flowers of 
this E. Indian shrub are astringent and excitant, and 
applied externally to offensive ulcers. 
Gris'tle. Cartilage. 
Grit. Gravel. G. gru'el, water gruel; demulcent, 
and used as a vehicle for clysters. 
Grits. Groats. 
Grit'ti's amputa'tion. Amputation of inferior part 
of thigh, the patella being included in the rectangular 
flap and sawn so as to be applied to the surface of the 
femur. 
Groan. Sighing or suspiration accompanied by 
peculiar vocal sound. 
Groats, Oats that have the hulls taken off; grits. 
In the United States fine hominy is called grits, and 
wheat prepared in the same way is likewise so des- 
ignated ; also called wheaten hominy. See Avena. 
Gro'cer's itch. See Eczema impetiginodes; psoriasis. 
Grog. Spirits, water, and sugar. G. blos'soms or 
roses, gutta rosea; acne rosacea. 
Groin. Region of union of anterior wall of the abdo- 
men with the thigh. 
Grom'ell, Grom'well, or Gro'myl. Lithospermum 
officinale. 
Grono'via scan'dens (after Gronov, Dutch sci- 
entist). Plant of S. America; antisyphilitic. 
Groo'groo oil. Concrete oil from fruit of Acroco- 
mia sclerocarpa of S. America. 
Groove. Furrow, sulcus, channel, linear excava- 
tion, or gutter. G., a'nal, depressed surface in em- 
bryo indicating future location of anus. G., an'tero- 
lat 'eral, groove on spinal marrow indicating place of 
exit of anterior roots of spinal nerves. G., auric'ulo- 
ventric'ular, transverse furrow on outside of heart 
indicating division of that organ into auricles and 
ventricles. G., ax'ial, groove, medullary. G., bas'- 
ilar, G. on inner surface of basilar process of occipital 
bone on which rest the pons Varolii and medulla ob- 
longata. G., bicip'ital, sulcus in upper portion of 
front of humerus, chiefly for attachment of long ten- 
don of biceps muscle. G., carot'id, depression on 
body of sphenoid bone for reception of internal carot- 
id artery and cavernous sinus. G., cav'ernous, G., 
carotid. G., cor'neal, see Cornea. G., den'tal, slight 
longitudinal furrow on the margin of the jaw about 
the end of the second month of foetal life. G., dor'- 
sal, G., medullary. G., horizon'tal, peduncular sul- 
cus. G., infraor'bital, G. on orbital surface of upper 
jaw for infraorbital artery and nerve. G., interme'- 
diate, furrow on spinal cord in cervical region near 
posterior median fissure. G., lac'rymal, sulcus for 
lacrymal sac formed by lacrymal sphenoid bones. 
G., inas'toid, digastric fossa. G., med'ullary, sulcus 
on back part of embryo in its early development, 
succeeding the primitive groove and becoming after- 
ward the medullary tube. G., na'sal, groove of nasal 
bone for nasal nerve; embryonic groove from mouth 
to nasal cavities. G., neu'ral, G., medullary. G., 
occip'ital, G. on mastoid process for occipital nerve. 
G., olfac'tory, depression in cribriform plate of eth- 
moid in which lies the olfactory bulb. G., op'tic, 
groove on body of sphenoid bone for lodgment of 
optic chiasm. G., pos'tero-lat'eral, longitudinal 
groove on medulla oblongata and spinal cord, indi- 
cating place of exit of posterior spinal roots. G., 
prim/itive, primitive streak or trace; bright streak 
in the long axis of the pellucid part of the area ger- 
minativa, after it presents a central pellucid and a 
498 
GUAIACOL 
peripheral opaque part, and passes from the round to 
the pear shape. G., scap'ular, scapular notch. G., 
sig'moid, G., carotid. G., subcla'vian, two depres- 
sions on first rib, lodging respectively the subclavian 
artery and vein. G., supe'rior, of cerebel'lum, pe- 
duncular sulcus. G. of Syl'vius, fissure of Sylvius. 
G., ventric'ular, longitudinal furrow of the heart. 
G., ver'tebral, G., medullary. 
Grooved. Canaliculated; having a small channel 
or gutter, as a grooved probe. 
Grossula'ria. Ribes uva crispa. G. ni'gra, Ribes 
nigrum. G. non-spino'sa, Ribes nigrum. G. ru'bra, 
Ribes rubrum. 
Ground ber'ry. Fragaria; Gaultheria procumbens. 
G. cen'taury, Polygala sanguinea. G. cher'ry, Phy- 
salis viscosa. G. hem'lock, Taxus Canadensis. G. 
hol'ly, gaultheria. G. ivy, Gaultheria, Glechoma hed- 
eracea. G. lau'rel, Epigsea repens. G. line, dis- 
tance on skull between the basion and nasion. G. 
ma'ple, Heuchera Americana. G. nut, Apios tubero- 
sa, Arachis hypogea, Bunium flexuosum, Aralia tri- 
folia. G. nut oil, expressed oil from the seeds of 
Arachis hypogsea, used in making plasters or cerates; 
pignut. G. pine, Teucrium chamsepitys. G. pine, 
French, Teucrium iva. G. plum, Astragalus caryo- 
carpus; astringent. G. sub'stance, matrix. 
Ground'sel. Senecio. G. tree, Baccharis halimi- 
folia. 
Grouse'berry. Gaultheria; Empetrum nigrum. 
Grove's cell. See Galvanic battery. 
Growth. Development of the body, particularly in 
the direction of its height. Any adventitious tissue, 
as a morbid growth or tumor. See Development. 
Grub. Larve. See Ectozoa. 
Grubs. Acne punctata; comedo. 
Gru'el, grit. See Grits. G., wa'ter, see Avena and 
Grits. 
Gru'mous (grumus, clot). Clotted; thickened. 
Gru'mus. Coagulum; clot; thrombus. 
Grup'ta. Crypt. 
GrutelTum. Oatmeal. 
Gru'tum. Hard white tubercle of the skin, resem- 
bling in size and appearance a millet-seed, on the 
eyelids, the root of the nose, the scrotum, and ear. 
Groats. 
Gryphius (grif'e-us) pes. Griffon's foot. Instru- 
ment of which Ambrose Pare speaks, used for ex- 
tracting moles from the uterus. 
Gryphosis (grif-o'sis) or Grypo'sis (grupos, bent). 
Curvature or crookedness in general, or of the nails 
only, as in onychogryphosis. 
Grypotes, grip'o-tees. See Grypus. 
Grypus, grip'us {grupos, bent). One who has a 
crooked or aquiline nose. The condition is termed 
Grypotes. 
Guachama or Guachama'ca. Resinous extract 
from the milky juice and sap of the wood of a Venez- 
uelan tree, which acts like curare, but more speedily, 
in controlling the convulsive action of the motor ap- 
paratus. Guachamacine, its alkaloid, is identical with 
curarine. 
Guacin, gwah'sin. Yellow resinous matter from 
Mikania guaco; diaphoretic and cardiac stimulant. 
Guaco, gwah'ko. Mikania guaco, growing in the 
valleys of the Madalena, Rio Cauca, etc., in S. America. 
Juice is used against the bites of poisonous reptiles, 
both in prevention and cure; tonic, stimulant, anti- 
spasmodic, antipyretic. 
Guaiac, gwi'ak. Guaiacum. 
Guaiac! (gwi'as-e) lig'num. See Guaiacum. G. 
resi'na, see Guaiacum. 
Guaiacic (gwi'as-ik) ac'id. Acid derived from wood 
or resin of guaiacum. 
Guaiacine, gwi'as-een. See Guaiacum. 
Guaiacol, gwi'ak-ol. C7H8O2. Oily liquid constitut- 
ing 60 to 90 percent, of creasote. Product of dry distil- 
lation of guaiacum; ingredient of wood-tar creasote, 
or by fractional distillation of beechwood-tar creasote. 
Guaiacol has been employed as a substitute for crea- 
sote in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Guai- 
acol carbonate and G. biiodide have also been employed GUAIACOLIC SALOL 
in tuberculosis. G. ben'zoate, benzoyl-guaiacol. G. 
sal'icylate forms white crystals; soluble in alcohol; 
dosage and therapeutic properties identical with salol. 
Guaiacol'ic salol. Guaiacol salicylate. 
Guiaconic (gwi-ak-o'nik) acid. CbsHjoOio. An 
amorphous component of resin of guiacum. 
Guaiacum, gwi'ak-um. Resin of guiacum; G. of- 
ficinale ; guaiaci resina, guaiac, and the wood, guaiaci 
lignum, are both officinal. The resin is obtained as 
an exudation by incisions made into the wood or by 
the application of heat. The base of the guaiacum 
is a peculiar resin, guaiacine. Guaiacum is stimulant 
and diaphoretic, and in large doses purgative. It is 
administered in chronic rheumatism, gout, scrofula, 
cutaneous diseases, and the sequel® of syphilis. Guai- 
acum is also a test for the detection of blood-stains: 
two drops of tincture of guaiacum and two minims 
of ozonic ether are added to urine in a test-tube; if 
blood is present, a blue color appears at the junction 
of the two liquids. G. angustifo'lium, tree growing 
in Texas and Mexico, having somewhat similar prop- 
erties to Guaiacum officinale. G. nati'vum, guaiacum. 
G. officina'le, guaiacum. G. sanc'tum grows in W. 
Indies; has similar properties to G. officinale. G. test 
for blood, see Guaiacum. G. wood, wood of G. officinale 
and G. sanctum; yields more than 20 per cent, of resin. 
Guaiaretic (gwi-ar-et'ik) acid. C20H26O4. One of 
the components of guaiacum. 
Gualtheria, gwal-the're-ah. Gaultheria. 
Guanidine, gwan'id-een. Carbondiamide-imide; 
monacid base, CN3H5, in the shape of colorless crys- 
tals, soluble in alcohol and water. 
Guanine, gwan'een. Leucomaine, C5H5N5O, found 
in guano; also frequently in the liver, spleen, and 
pancreas, and in animal and vegetable tissues, in the 
excrement of the spider, etc.; regarded in animals of 
the lower order as the end-product of all change. 
Acted on by nitric acid, it is converted into xanthin. 
It generally occurs as a colorless, amorphous powder. 
Guano, gwan'o. Bird-manure. Excrement of dif- 
ferent kinds of marine birds-mews, divers, sheer- 
breaks, etc., but especially the sulla variegata; found 
in enormous layers in the S. American islands of the 
Pacific, and is used as manure; also as dressing for 
wounds, lepra, eczema, and other skin diseases. 
Guar ana, gwar-an-ah'. Paullinia sorbilis. 
Guaranin, gwar'an-in. Caffeine procured from 
guarana. See Caffeine and Coffea Arabica. 
Guarea abletii, gwar-a'ah ab-la'te-e. Meliaceous 
tree of S. America, with abortifacient and emmena- 
gogue properties. G. pur'gans, Brazilian species; 
bark is bitter and cathartic. G. Swartz'ii, W. Indian 
species; bark is emeto-cathartic. G. trichilioi'des, 
species of W. Indies; emeto-cathartic. 
Guarer'ba orba. Momordica elaterium. 
Guav'a ap'ple. Psidium pomiferum. 
Guaya'va. Psidium pomiferum. 
Guaycuru. Baycuru. 
Gua'za. Gunjah. 
Guazuma (gwah-zu'mah) tomento'sa or ulmifo'lia. 
Bastard cedar of W. Indies, S. America, and India ; 
inner bark is used in syphiloderms, various non- 
specific cutaneous affections, and leprosy ; outer bark 
is diaphoretic. 
Gubernac'ular (guberno, to govern). Relating or 
appertaining to the gubernaculum. G. cord, see 
Gubernaculum testis. 
Gubernaculum (gu-ber-nak'u-lum) den'tis (rudder 
of a tooth). Cord passing from the follicle of the 
permanent tooth along a small long canal behind the 
alveolus of the milk tooth, and becoming continuous 
with the gum. It has been supposed to direct the per- 
manent tooth outward. The canal has been termed 
iter dentis. G. Hunte'ri, G. testis. G. tes'tis, tri- 
angular fibro-cellular cord, which, in the foetus, arises 
from the ramus of the ischium and the skin of the 
scrotum, and proceeds to the posterior part of the 
testicle, before this organ issues from the abdomen; 
supposed to be a continuation of the fascia super- 
ficialis with muscular fibres from the internal oblique 
muscle, which pass upward to the testis when in the 
499 
> GUM 
abdomen, and by their contraction draw the testis 
down, and ultimately form the cremaster muscle. 
The peritoneal pouch, processus vaginalis, which 
passes down into the scrotum, considerably precedes 
the testis in its descent, and into its posterior part a 
columnar elevation projects, filled with soft tissue, 
called plica gubematrix. There is also a fibrous 
structure attached, below, to the lower part of the 
scrotum, and surrounding the peritoneal pouch above, 
termed the gubernacular cord. Gubernaculum testis 
includes both of these. 
Gubler's (goob'ler's) tumor. Tumefaction back of 
the wrist occurring after lead-poisoning. 
Gudden's com'missure. Fibres passing between 
the optic tracts connecting the internal geniculate 
bodies. 
Guel'der rose. Viburnum opulus; irritant nar- 
cotic poison. 
Guettarda, get-tar'dah (after Guettard, French 
scientist). Shrub or tree of Central America. G. 
ambig'ua, bark of this Jamaica tree is tonic, as is 
also that of G. argente'a, or black guava, of Guiana. 
G. sempervi'rens, Malabar shrub; antiarthritic. G. 
specio'sa, E. Indian species, leaves of which are con- 
sidered parturifacient. 
Gui'ac. Guaiac. 
Guiacol, gwi'ak-ol. Guaiacol. 
Guia'na bark. Bark of Portlandia hexandra and 
P. grandiflora ; antipyretic. Therapeutic properties 
are similar to those of cinchona. 
Gui'der (leader). Tendon. 
Guidonia (gwid-o'ne-ah) adstrin'gens. Plant of 
Peru ; employed as vulnerary. 
Guilandina (gil-an-de'nah) (after Melchior Guiland- 
inus (Wieland), professor at Padua) bonducella. 
Csesalpinia bonducella. G. dioi'ca, Gymnocladus Can- 
adensis. G. echina'ta, Caesalpinia echinata. G. mi- 
crophyl'la, root is used in renal diseases and lithiasis. 
G. morin'ga, a plant, ord. Leguminosse, affording ben 
nut and lignum nephriticum. Ben nut or oily acorn 
is a W. Indian nut furnishing oil, oleum balaninum, 
oil of ben, that is purgative. The wood of the guilan- 
dina, Lignum nephriticum, has been used in decoction 
in affections of the urinary organs; Caesalpinia bon- 
ducella. 
Guillotine (gil'lo-teen), ton's!!. Amygdalatome. 
Guin'ea grains. Grains of Amomum Malagueta. 
G. pep'per, cubebs, African; capsicum. 
Guinea-worm disease. See Dracunculus. 
Guirila. Caucasian or Persian insect powder. See 
Anthemis pyrethrum. 
Guizo'tia Abyssin'ica or olea'cea. Oil of seeds of 
this plant of Abyssinia and E. Indies is used exter- 
nally in rheumatism. 
Gu'la. CEsophagus, pharynx; voracity. 
Gu'lse imbecil'litas (weakness of the throat). 
Paralysis of the pharynx. G. princip'ium, pharynx. 
Gulan'cha. Boots and stems of Tinospora cordifo- 
lia; diuretic, tonic, antiperiodic. 
Gull. Chrysanthemum. 
Gull and Sutton's disease. Arterio-sclerosis; 
atheroma. 
Gul'la. Gula. 
Gul'let (gula, gullet). Oesophagus, pharynx. 
Gulo'sus (gula, gullet). Glutton. 
Gum. An immediate principle of vegetables, solid, 
uncrystallizable, inodorous substance, of a mawkish 
taste, unchangeable in the air, insoluble in alcohol, 
but soluble in water, with which it forms a mucilage. 
It is obtained from a variety of trees. Nitric acid 
changes gum into mucic and oxalic acids. Arabin, 
bassorin, and curasin are some of the chief constit- 
uents. Gums are used in medicine as demulcents, 
emollients, and relaxants, particularly in catarrh and 
intestinal irritations, and in pharmacy are employed 
in the form of emulsions, pills, etc. Caoutchouc. 
Portion of mucous membrane of the mouth; see Gin- 
givse. G., aca'cia, acajou, cashew gum. G., ac'aroid, 
xanthorrhcea. G. ad'ragant, tragacanth. G. am- 
mo'niac, ammoniacum. G. angi'co, gum of species 
of acacia in Brazil. G., an'imal, carbohydrate GUMBO 
(C12H20O10+2H2O) found sometimes in the lungs, 
salivary glands, etc. G. an'ime, anime. G. ar'abic, 
acacia. G., artificial, dextrin. G., Australian, G. 
arabic from various unofficinal species of acacia; aca- 
roid resin. G., Bar'bary, G. arabic from Acacia gum- 
mifera and G. nilotica. G., Basso'ra, Bassora gum. 
G. ben'jamin, benzoin. G., black'boy, see Xanthor- 
rhoea. G., blue, blue line on gum noticed when the 
system is affected by lead. G., Bot'any Bay, Aus- 
tralian kino; acaroid resin; see Xanthorrhcea. G., 
Brit'ish, dextrin. G., Bu'tea, see Butea frondosa. G., 
Cape, exudation from Acacia horrida of Cape of Good 
Hope. G. caran'na, caranna. G. cis'tus, ladanum. 
G. dammar', ethereal solution of the resin of this 
species of pine is used for microscopic mounting. 
G., doc'tor or doctor's, resin from Rhus metopium, of 
Jamaica, is used in jaundice, ascites, diseases of the 
liver, syphilis, etc. G. drag'on, tragacantha. G., East 
In'dia, see Feronia elephantum. G. elas'tic, caout- 
chouc. G., eucalyp'tus, kino, Australian; see Euca- 
lyptus. G. of the eye, sebaceous secretion from Meibo- 
mian glands, sometimes gluing the eyelids together. 
G., fall'ing away of, ulatrophia. G., Galam, variety 
of gum Senegal. G., Gedda, variety of Turkey gum. 
G., getta'nia, gutta-percha. G., gray, exudation 
from various species of eucalyptus. G., hem'lock, 
see Pinus Canadensis. G., hog, hog gum. G., indig'- 
enous, gummi nostras. G., i'vy, see Hedera helix. 
G., Jid'do, G., Gedda. G., ju'niper, sandarac. G. 
lan'cet, an instrument like a fleam for separating the 
gum from the cervix of the tooth prior to extraction; 
the operation is called lancing the gums. G. mag- 
uey, gum resembling acacia from Agave Americana. 
G. mesquite, see Mesquite. G., New Hol'land, G., 
Australian. G., O'renburg, see Pinus larix. G., 
pec'toral, see Acacia. G. plant, grindelia. G., pure, 
arabin, caoutchouc. G. rash, strophulus. G., red, 
strophulus; Australian kino, eucalyptus gum; G., 
Gedda. G. res'in, gummiresina; strophulus. G. 
san'darach, sandarac. G. sas'sa, sassa. G., Sen'- 
eca or acacise gummi or neonatorum; aca- 
roid resin; oleo-resin of a species of copaifera. G., 
shrink'ing of, ulatrophia. G., spon'gy, condition of 
gum observed in scurvy, etc., in which the capillaries 
are dilated and gums infiltrated. G., sweet, Liquid- 
ambar styraciflua. G. thap'sia, T. garganica. G. 
thus, turpentine. G. tor, Turkey gum. G. trag'a- 
canth, tragacanth. G. tree, name of various trees, 
but especially the genera Eucalyptus and Xanthor- 
rhoea. G. tree, brown, see Kino. G. tu'no, balata. 
G. tu'ric, Turkey gum. G., water, see Acacia. G. 
wax, liquidambar. G., white, ■ Liquidambar sty- 
raciflua, Strophulus albidus. G., yel'low, icterus of 
infants. 
Gumbo. Abelmoschus esculentus. 
Gum'boil. Parulis. 
Gum'chi. Seeds of Abrus precatorius. 
Gum'ma. An elastic tumor formed in the perios- 
teum, and produced by the syphilitic virus when it 
has been long in the constitution. When opened it 
contains matter like gum. These gummy tumors 
have been met with in all the important viscera, in 
the skin, cellular tissue, bones, etc. Consisting at 
first of granulation tissue, they are at last, by changes 
in their growth, made up of atrophied, disintegrated, 
and degenerated products imbedded in an imperfect 
fibrillated tissue; syphiloma. G. Gal'licum, syphi- 
loma. G. i'ridis, iritis gummosa. G., syphilit'ic, 
syphiloma. 
Gum'mata (pl. of Gumma). Gummy tumors. 
Gum'matous. Of the nature of gummatous tumor 
or syphiloma. G. iri'tis, see Iritis. G. syph'ilide, 
see Syphilide. 
Gum'mi. Gum. G. aca'cise Arab'icse, acacia. G. 
acan'thinum, acacia. G. acaroi'des, see Xanthor- 
rhcea. G. adstrln'gens Fothergil'li, kino. G. am- 
ir oni'acum, ammoniac. G. an'ime, anime. G. arab'i- 
cum, acacia. G. astrag'ali tragacan'thse, tragacan- 
tha. G. Austra'le, Australian gum. G. Babylon'icum, 
gum arabic. G. Barbar'icum, see Barbary. G. Bas'- 
sora, see Bassora. G. bo'gia, cambogia. G. brel'isis, 
500 
GURGULIO 
caranna. G. cit'rinum, acaroid resin. G. copalli'- 
num, copal. G. elas'ticum, caoutchouc. G. el'emi, 
elemi. G. euphor'biae, see Euphorbia officinarum. G. 
fla'vum, acaroid resin. G. gaman'drse, cambogia. 
G. Gambien'se, kino. G. ge'nu, sandarac. G. get- 
ta'nia, gutta-percha. G. de Goa, cambogia. G. 
Got'ta, cambogia. G. guai'aci, guaiac. G. gut'ta or 
gut'ti, cambogia. G. hed'erse, see Hedera helix. G. 
de je'mu, cambogia. G. junip'eri, sandarac. G. 
ki'no, kino. G. lac'cae, lacca. G. lad'anum, see 
Cistus creticus. G. la'mac, acacia. G. lar'icis, see 
Pinus larix. G. laxati'vum, gamboge. G. lentis'ci, 
mastich. G. leu'cum, acacia. G. lig'ni sanc'ti, resin 
of guaiacum. G. ly'cium, catechu. G. mas'tiche, 
mastich. G. meto'pium, galbanum. G. mimo'sae, 
gum arabic. G. nos'tras, indigenous gum; name 
given to several species of gum flowing spontaneously 
from indigenous fruit trees, as the almond, cherry, 
peach, etc. G. oli'bani, olibanum. G. Orenbur- 
gen'se, see Pinus larix. G. pana'cis, see Pastinaca 
opoponax. G. plas'ticum, gutta-percha. G. ad pod'- 
agram, cambogia. G. resi'na, see Gummiresina. G. 
ru'brum adstrin'gens Gambien'se, see Butea fron- 
dosa and Kino. G. sanc'tum, resin of guaiac. G. Sen'- 
eca or Sen'ega, acacia; Senegal gum. G. Senegalen'se 
or Sen'ica, Senegal gum. G. Serapio'nis, acacia. G. 
Smyr'nae, myrrh. G. tacamahac'a, tacamahac. G. 
theba'icum, acacia. G. torriden'se, Bassora gum. 
G. tragacan'tha, tragacantha. G. Uralen'se, see 
Pinus larix. 
Gum'mic acid. Arabic acid ; arabin. 
Gum'mide. Compound which, when decomposed 
by acids or alkalies, yields glucose. 
Gummido'des or Gummiodes, gum - me - o' dees. 
Mucilaginous. 
Gummiresina, gum-me-res-e'nah. Gum-resin; 
milky juice obtained by making incisions into the 
branches, stalks, and roots of certain vegetables. 
Gum-resins are compounds of resin, gum, essential oil, 
and other vegetable matters; are solid, opaque, brittle, 
of a strong odor, acrid taste, variable color, and are 
heavier than water. They are generally powerful 
stimulants. G. ammoni'acum, ammoniac. G. asa- 
foet'idae, asafoetida. G. gal'banum, galbanum. G. 
gut'ta, gamboge. 
Gummos'itas. Syphiloma. 
Gum'mous or Gum'my. Mucilaginous. Having ap- 
pearance of syphiloma. 
Gums. Gingivae. 
Gum'wood. Eucalyptus wood. 
Gun'cotton. Pyroxylin ; see Collodion. G., ethe'- 
real solu'tion of, collodion. G., sol'uble, pyroxylin. 
Gunde'lia hacub or tournefor'tla, Persian and 
Syrian plant; stomachic, tonic, diuretic, and emeto- 
cathartic. 
Gun'jah. Cannabis Indica. 
Gunne'ra Chilen'sis (after J. Ernst Gunner, bota- 
nist and bishop of Drontheim). Chilian and Peruvian 
plant; juice is refrigerant; root styptic and astringent. 
G. macroceph'ala, Java plant; fruit is stimulant. G. 
perpen'sa, African plant, decoction of which is a 
domestic remedy for dyspepsia; tincture has been 
used in gravel; infusion of leaves is demulcent and 
expectorant; leaves are applied to wounds and ulcers. 
Gun'powder. Explosive mixture of charcoal, sul- 
phur, and nitre. Has been used as an antiperiodic, 
disinfectant, and stomachic; externally in ringworm. 
Gun'shot wound. See Wound. 
Gurges, gur'jes. Throat; pharynx. 
Gurgina (gur-je'nah) balsam. See Dipterocarpus. 
Gur'gle or Gur'gling (same etymon as Gargling). 
Gushing with a noise, as water from a bottle. Ehon- 
chus or rale heard on auscultation when there is a cav- 
ity in the lungs containing pus, or over the intestines, 
as in passage of gas through the ileo-caecal valve. Cav- 
ernous rattle or rhonchus. The size of the bubbles 
heard varies, and hence the rhonchus has been called 
cavernous and cavernulous. If the cavern be large, 
the rale resembles the gurgling of a bottle. 
Gurgu'lio. Curculio; penis; uvula; pharynx ; 
oesophagus. GURGUN 
Gur'gun or Gur'jun balsam. See Dipterocarpus. 
G. oil, wood oil, oleo-resin from dipterocarpus, re- 
sembling copaiva. Given externally as an altera- 
tive in leprosy, in emulsion. Dose, 3j to 3i)- 
Gurju'nic acid. Acid produced by acting upon 
gurjun balsam with alcohol. 
Guru nut. Kola acuminata. 
Gussenbauer's su'ture. Suture for wounds of in- 
testines, for uniting mucous and serous membranes by 
one stitch. 
Gusta'tion. Taste. 
Gustative (gus'ta-tiv) or Gustatory, gus'ta-to-re 
(gusto, to taste). Appertaining to, or connected with, 
taste or sense of taste. 
Gus'tatory. Relating to taste ; gustative. G. an- 
sasthe'sia, impairment or loss of sense of taste; often 
a symptom of hysteria. G. cells, spindle-shaped cells 
in taste-bulbs of tongue. See Cells, olfactory. G. 
cen'tre, hypothetical centre for appreciation of taste 
in gyrus circinatus. G. hypersesthe'sia, increased 
delicacy or sensitiveness of taste. G. nerve, lingual 
nerve. G. parsesthe'sia, peculiar perversions of the 
sense of taste. G. paral'ysis, loss of sense of 
taste in anterior part of tongue, a not unusual sequela 
of paralysis of the fifth nerve. G. re'gion, parts of 
tongue, tip, and root-side of soft palate, etc., concerned 
in sense of taste. 
Gustav'ia (after Gustavus III. of Sweden) an- 
gus'ta. The fruit of this plant of Cayenne is laxative 
and refrigerant; leaves are used externally in ob- 
struction of the bowels. G. fastuo'sa or G. hexa- 
pet'ala, plants of Brazil having same therapeutic 
action as G. angusta. G. meizocar'pa or tetrapet'- 
ala, G. angusta. 
Gus'tus. Taste. G. deprava'tus, perverted or de- 
praved taste. See Parageustia. 
Gut. Intestine. G., blind, caecum. 
Guth'rie's amputa'tion. See Amputation. G.'s 
mus'cle, ischio-urethralis muscle. 
Guts, slip'periness of. Lientery. 
Gutta (drop). A drop. Apoplexy. Cambogia. Gout. 
By the plural-guttae-is meant a pharmaceutical 
mixture-mistura contracta-to be given in drops. 
Gutta also denotes catarrhal discharge; flow of a liquid 
drop by drop; gutta-percha, as it flows from the 
tree, etc. Gutta and guttae also signify certain 
cutaneous spots or eruptions. G. ca'dens, metallic 
tinkling noticed in pneumothorax. G. cadi'va or 
cadu'ca, epilepsy. G. caman'drae or gamba, cambogia. 
G. camboi'da, gar'ner, gem'mu, or gemou, gamboge. 
G. obscu'ra, cataract. G. opa'ca, cataract. G. per'- 
cha, concrete juice of a tree (Isonandra gutta) indige- 
nous in Singapore and its vicinity, and belonging to the 
nat. order Sapotacese. Plunged into boiling water, it 
softens, when it may be moulded like caoutchouc to 
any form, which it retains on cooling. A solution of 
gutta-percha in chloroform-traumaticine-has been 
used with advantage, topically, in various cutaneous 
affections, scrofulous and indolent ulcers, and as an 
ectrotic in small-pox. G. rosa'cea, gutta rosea. G. 
r. hypertroph/ica, hypertrophic or hyperplastic 
rosacea. G. r. syphilit'ica, serpiginous syphilitic erup- 
tion on the forehead. G. ro'sea or rosa'cea, acne, 
Carbuncled face, Rosy drop, Coppernose, Bottlenose, Grog- 
blossoms, Grogroses, Brandyface, Rumbud; eruption of 
small, suppurating tubercles, with shining redness 
and an irregular granular appearance of the skin of 
the part of the face affected. The redness commonly 
appears first at the end of the nose, and then spreads 
on both sides. It is often produced by hard drinking. 
The affection is usually obstinate. G. ru'bra, rosacea. 
G. sere'na, old name for amaurosis. 
Guttae (pl. of Gutta) ab'batis Rousseau. Lauda- 
num abattis Rousseau. G. ac'idse ton'icae, elixir aci- 
dum Halleri. G. ammoni'aci, see Ammoniac gum. G. 
gum'mi, gamboge. G. ni'grae (black drops), ace- 
tum opii, common black drop. The celebrated black 
drop, Lancaster or Quaker's black drop, was made 
of opium, verjuice, nutmegs, saffron, sugar, and 
yeast. One drop was equal to three of laudanum. 
It was imitated to a certain extent in the U. S. Phar- 
501 
GYMNOPLAST 
macopceia, in Acetum opii, vinegar of opium. See 
Acetum opii. G. ni'grse Britan'nicee, acetum opii. 
G. ophthal'micse, collyria or eye-washes. 
Guttate, gut'tate. Having drop-shaped spots. G. 
chorioidi'tis, see Chorioiditis. 
Guttat'im. Drop by drop. 
Gutte'ria. Bronchocele. 
Gut-tie. Convolvulus. 
Gut'tur. Throat; larynx; trachea. G. globo'- 
sum (globous throat), bronchocele. G. tu'midum, bron- 
chocele. 
Guttural, gut'tur-al (guttur, throat). Relating or 
belonging to the throat; sounds produced in the 
throat, as certain letters. G. ar'tery, superior thy- 
roid artery. G. ar'tery, infe'rior, inferior thyroid 
artery. G. canal', Eustachian tube. G. car'tilage, 
arytenoid cartilage. G. cough, cough occasioned by 
irritation of the larynx or trachea. G. duct, Eusta- 
chian tube. G. fos'sa, region at base of skull between 
hard palate and foramen magnum. G. glands, pha- 
ryngeal glands. G. her'nia, bronchocele. G. sound, 
sound produced, as it were, in the throat. 
Guttura'lis, Gutturna'lis, or Gutturni'nus carti- 
la'go. Arytenoid cartilage. 
Gut'turis os (bone of throat). Hyoid bone. 
Gutturnia, gut-tur'ne-ah. Arytenoid cartilages. 
Gut'turo-max'illary. Relating to throat and jaw. 
G.-m. ar'tery, internal maxillary artery. 
Gut'turo-pal'atine. Relating to throat and palate. 
G.-p. nerve, posterior palatine nerve. 
Gut'turose. Goitrous. 
Gutturo-tet'any. Stammering, consisting of tetanic 
closure of the glottis in using the voice, particularly 
in pronouncing letters like k, g, and q. 
Guyon's sign. Ballottement of the kidney. 
Gwal'ior ul'cer. Endemic form of ulcer, named 
from place of its prevalence. 
Gym'na (gumnos, naked). Genital organs; pu- 
denda. 
Gymnaden'ia (gumnos, naked, aden, gland) conop'- 
sea. European orchid; nervous sedative. G. odora- 
tis'sima, antiperiodic; flowers and distilled water 
from this plant are tonic, and the seeds are used in 
epilepsy. 
Gymnasion, jim-naz'e-on. Exercise. 
Gymnasium, jim-naz'e-um. Formerly an establish- 
ment for bodily exercises, as wrestling, running, etc.; 
now used in Germany especially for an academy or 
higher school; place for gymnastic exercise. 
Gymnast, jim'nast. Manager or patron of a gym- 
nasium ; athlete; one whose profession it is to pre- 
vent or cure diseases by gymnastics. 
Gymnas'tic therapeu'tics. Kinesipathy. 
Gymnastics. Part of hygienic medicine treating 
of bodily exercises; medical gymnastics. The an- 
cients had also athletic gymnastics and military gym- 
nastics. 
Gymne'ma lactif'erum. Ceylon cowtree, kiri- 
aghuma; tree of the family Apocynacese, the juice of 
which is used by the Cingalese as milk. G. sylves'- 
tre, plant of Africa and Southern Asia ; antidote for 
snake-bites. 
Gym'noblast (gumnos, naked, blastos, germ). Gym- 
nocyte. 
Gymnocladus (jim-nok'lad-us) Canaden'sis or di- 
oi'ca (gumnos, naked, klados, branch). Coffee tree, 
Kentucky coffee-bean tree, Mahogany, Nickar tree, Bonduc. 
Order Leguminosse. Indigenous tree; leaves are 
cathartic; seeds are a good substitute for coffee; they 
resemble in therapeutic action physostigma; bark 
is bitter; oil is purgative. 
Gym'nocyte (gumnos, naked, kutos, cell). A cell 
devoid of cell-membrane, as the white blood-corpus- 
cles. 
Gymnocy'tode. Non-nucleated protoplasmic mass. 
Gymnogramme (jim-no-gram'me) cet'erach. As- 
plenium ceterach. 
Gymnophthal'mus (gumnos, naked, ophthalmos, eye). 
Having eyelids absent, so as to give appearance of 
the eyes being uncovered. 
Gymnoplast (jim'no-plast) or Gymnoplastia (gum- GYMNOPTERIS 
nos, naked, plasso, to form). Protoplasmic matter, or 
naked cells, without envelopes, such as white blood- 
corpuscles. 
Gymnopteris (jim-nop'ter-is) cet'erach (gumnos, 
naked, pteris, fern). Asplenium ceterach. 
Gymno'sis (gumnos, naked). Nakedness; denuda- 
tion. 
Gymno'tus. Electrical eel, which is provided with 
electrical organs, and is capable of giving a strong 
electrical shock. 
Gynsecaner, gin-e'kan-ur (gune, a woman, aner, a 
man). Effeminate man. 
Gynaecanthe, gin-e-kan'the (gynaeco, anthos, flower). 
Tamus communis. 
Gynseca'rion or Gynaecarium, gin-e-kar'e-um. 
Dwarf of female sex; effeminate dwarf of male sex. 
Gynaecatoptron, gin-e-kat-op'tron (gynaeco, katop- 
tron, speculum). Speculum for investigating the fe- 
male organs of generation; vaginal speculum. 
Gynaecea (gin-e-se'ah) or Gynaeceia, gin-e-sei'ah. 
Female generative apparatus; liquor amnii; catame- 
nia ; lochia; diseases of women in general. 
Gynae'ceous. Feminine; belonging or relating to 
woman; female. 
Gynaeceum, gin-e-se'um. Lying-in apartment; 
antimonium; vulva. 
Gynaeceus, gin-e-sa'us. Belonging to or relating to 
woman; female; feminine. 
Gynaecia, gin-e'se-ah. Gynaecea; menses; gyne- 
cology. 
Gynae'ciac. Gynecic. 
Gynaeco, gin-e'ko (gune, woman). In composition, 
woman. 
Gynaecological, gi-ne-ko-loj'ik-al. Gynecological. 
Gynaecologist, gi-ne-kol'o-jist (same etymon). Gyne- 
cologist; one who devotes himself specially to, or is 
well acquainted with, the nature, diseases, etc. of 
women. 
Gynaecology, gi-ne-kol'o-je (gynaeco, logos, descrip- 
tion). Doctrine or description of the nature, diseases, 
etc. of women. 
Gynaecomania, gin-e-ko-man'e-ah. Nymphomania; 
insanity arising from love for women. 
Gynaecomastus (gin-e-ko-mas'tus), Gynaecomas'- 
tos, or Gynae comas'thus (gynaeco, mastos, breast). 
Man whose breasts are as large as those of a woman; 
the condition is called Gynaecomazia. Enlargement of 
the female breasts was called Gynaecomaston. 
Gynaecomazia, gin-e-ko-mah'ze-ah. See Gynaeco- 
mastus. 
Gynaecomystax, gin-e-ko-mis'taks (gynaeco, mustax, 
beard). Hair on the pubes of women. 
Gynaecopathy, gi-ne-kop'ath-e (gynaeco,pathos, affec- 
tion). Disease peculiar to woman. 
Gynaecophonous, gi-ne-kof'o-nus (gynaeco, phonos, 
murder). Fatal to women. 
Gynaecophonus, gi-ne-ko-fo'nus (phone, voice). Man 
who has an effeminate voice. 
Gynaecophorus, gin-e-kof'or-us (gynaeco, phoreo, to 
carry). Bilharzia haematobia. 
Gynaelogia, gin-e-loj'e-ah. Gynaecology. 
Gynaemania, gin-e-man'e-ah. Gynaecomania. 
Gynandria, gin-an'dre-ah (gyne, aner, man). Her- 
maphroditism. 
Gynandromorphous, gin-an-dro-mor'fus (gyne, aner, 
man, morphe, form). Hermaphroditic. 
Gynandropsis pentaphylla, gin-an-drop'sis pen-tah- 
fil'lah. Indigenous plant; diaphoretic; the juice has 
been used in earache; the bruised leaves are rubefa- 
cient. 
Gynandrous, gin-an'drus (gyne, aner, man). Her- 
maphroditic. 
Gynandrus, gin-an'drus (same etymon). Hermaph- 
rodite. 
Gynanthropus, gin-an-thro'pus (gyne, anthropos, 
man). Hermaphrodite having male elements pre- 
dominating. 
Gynatresia, gin-at-ra'se-ah (gyne, atresia, imperfora- 
tion). Closure or imperforation of the external parts 
of generation of the female. 
Gyne, gi'ne. Female; woman. 
GYRUS 
Gynecic (gi-ne'sik) or Gyne'sic. Eelating to 
woman. 
Gynecology, gi-nek-ol'o-je. Gynaecology. 
Gynecopathic (gi-ne-ko-path'ik) or Gynaepath'ic. 
Eelating or appertaining to the diseases of women. 
Gynecopathy, gi-ne-kop'ath-e. Gynsecopathy. 
Gynepathy, gi-nep'ath-e. Gynaecopathy. 
Gynephobia, gi-ne-fo'be-ah (gyne, phobos, fear). 
Dread of or aversion to society of women. 
Gyniaci (gin-e'a-se) mor'bi. Developmental dis- 
eases of women, as chlorosis; diseases attending the 
parturient state and amenorrhcea. 
Gyniatrics, gin-e-at'riks (gyne, iatreia, medication). 
Treatment of diseases of women; gynecology to ex- 
clusion of obstetrics. 
Gynida, gin'id-ah. Hermaphrodite. 
Gynoarium, gin-o-ah're-um (gyne, oarion, ovarium). 
Ovarium. 
Gynocar'date of so'dium. Salt of sodium and 
gynocardic acid; yellowish-white substance, soluble 
in water, soluble in alcohol. G. of zinc, compound 
of zinc and gynocardic acid; granular powder of a 
yellowish color; employed in place of gynocardic acid 
in cutaneous affections. 
Gynocardia odorata, gin-o-kar'de-ah o-do-rat'ah 
{gyne, kardia, heart). Chaulmoogra. G. oil, see 
Chaulmoogra. 
Gynocardic (gi-no-kar'dik) ac'id. C14H24O2. Crys- 
tallizable acid, active principle of chaulmoogra oil; 
employed in cutaneous affections. 
Gynoplastic, gi-no-plas'tik (gyne, plasso, to form). 
Eelating to plastic operations on the genital organs of 
woman. Gynoplastic operations are employed for 
opening or dilating the closed or contracted genital 
openings of woman. 
Gypsophila (jips-of'il-ah) stria'tum. African and 
European herb, nat. ord. Caryophylleae, root of which, 
Levant soaproot, resembles saponaria. 
Gypsum, jip'sum. Plaster of Paris; hydrated cal- 
cium sulphate. 
Gyp'syweed. Lycopus sinuatus; L. Virginicus. 
Gyral, ji'ral. Belonging to gyri or a gyrus. 
Gyrating (ji'ra-ting) move'ments. Circular move- 
ments symptomatic of some brain diseases. 
Gyra'tion. Turning or revolving in a circle. Gid- 
diness. 
Gyre, jire. Gyrus. 
Gyrencephalus, ji-ren-sef'al-us (guros, circle, 
enkephdlos, brain). Having a brain characterized by 
numerous convolutions or gyri. 
Gyzri (pl. of Gyrus). Convolutions. See Gyrus. G. 
abrup'ti, small gyri at end of occipital lobe. G. bre'ves, 
insular convolutions or gyri of island of Eeil. G. cer- 
ebel'li, narrow folds or laminae of cortical layer of 
cerebellum. G. cer'ebri, cerebral convolutions. G. 
coch'leae, scalae of cochlea. G. cuneifor'mes, G. 
abrupti. G. fascic'uli arcua'ti, convolutions of tem- 
poral lobe of brain. G. hemisphaerio'rum, cerebral 
convolutions. G. in'sulae Reil'ii, G. breves. G. in- 
testina'les, convolutions or coils of intestines. G. 
oper'tl, G. breves; see Insula cerebri. G. orbita'les, 
convolutions situate on orbital surface of frontal lobe 
of brain. G. primiti'vi, convolutions developed in 
early foetal life around Sylvian fissure. G. supraor- 
bita'les, G. orbitales. G. transiti'vi, small convolu- 
tions of brain acting as medium of communication 
between larger ones. G. uncifor'mes, G. breves. 
Gyro'ma. Gyrus. 
Gyro'mia Virgin'ica. Medeola Virginica. 
Gyropsori'asis. Psoriasis in circular form. 
Gyrus (circle). Convolution. Scala tympani. Scala 
vestibuli. See Gyri. G. an'gular, region of brain 
between fissure of Sylvius and occipital lobe; portion 
of inferior parietal lobule surrounding upper extrem- 
ity of superior temporal sulcus. Angular convolution. 
Temporal gyrus. G., annec'tant, four gyri or con- 
volutions connecting g. on superior part of occipital 
lobe with parietal and temporo-sphenoidal lobes. G., 
an'tero-pari'etal, precentral gyrus. G., an'tero- 
tem'poral, supertemporal gyrus. G. arcua'tus, unci- 
nate convolution. G., ascend'ing fron'tal, G. con- 
502 GYRUS 
stituting front boundary of fissure of Eolando; usu- 
ally continuous above with superior parietal gyrus. 
G., bas'ilar, G. rectus. G., basirhi'nal, fold or tract 
near top of temporal lobe. G., bridg'ing, G., annec- 
tant. G., Bro'ca's, inferior frontal g.; operculum. 
G., callo'sal or callo'so-mar'ginal, convolution of 
corpus callosum; G., internal. G. centra'lis ante'rior 
and posterior, convolutions divided by central sul- 
cus. G., cer'ebral, round, undulating, tortuous pro- 
jections observed at the surface of the brain. G. 
choro'i'des, convex wall of lateral recess of fourth ven- 
tricle. G. cin'guli, G. callosus. G. cor'poris callo'si, 
G. callosus. G. cra'nii, convolution of the brain. G. 
crista'tus, G. cinguli. G. cu'nei, annectant convo- 
lution of cuneate lobule, connecting it with G. cal- 
losus. G., den'tate, small rudimentary convolution 
in dentate fissure. G. descen'dens, descending con- 
volution at extremity of occipital lobe. G. epithe- 
lia'lis or epithelia'ris, convoluted fold of a cho- 
roid plexus. G. fascic'uli, temporo-sphenoidal con- 
volutions. G., for'nicate or fornica'tus, G., in- 
ternal. G. fronta'lis ascen'dens, infe'rior, me'- 
dius, secun'dus, and superior, convolutions of fron- 
tal lobe of cerebral hemispheres. G. fronta'lis ex- 
ter'nus, inferior or third frontal convolution. G. 
fronta'lis inter'nus pri'mus, portion of superior or 
first frontal convolution on median surface. G. fron- 
ta'lis pri'mus, superior frontal convolution; inferior 
frontal. G. fronta'lis rec'tus, innermost orbital con- 
volution. G. fronta'lis ter'tius, inferior frontal con- 
volution ; superior frontal. G. fronto-parieta'lis 
media'lis, upper portion of superior or first frontal 
convolution. G. fusifor'mis, lateral occipito-tempo- 
ral convolution. G. glossifor'mis, middle occipito- 
temporal convolution. G. hippocam'pi or hippo- 
cam'pal, uncinate gyrus or convolution; continua- 
tion of G. fornicatus. G., infe'rior fron'tal, lower 
and external portion of frontal lobe. G., infe'rior 
occip'ital, small convolution between middle and 
inferior occipital fissures. G. inflec'tus, V-shaped 
gyrus near inflected fissure. G., inframar'ginal, su- 
perior temporal or temporo-sphenoidal convolution. 
G., in'sular, small convolution forming island of 
Eeil. G. intercentra'lis, gyrus between two central 
fissures. G., inter'nal, G. of corpus callosum; cerebral 
convolution of great extent, the principal portion of 
which is found on the inner surface of each hemi- 
sphere above the corpus callosum. In front, it bends 
downward and backward to the fissure of Sylvius; 
behind, it extends to the middle lobe and forms the 
hippocampus major. G. intestina'lis, convolution 
or coil of intestines. G. lingua'lis, middle oc- 
cipito-temporal convolution. G., longitu'dinal, mid- 
dle part of cerebrum between marginal and su- 
percallosal fissures. G., mar'ginal, G. bounding the 
longitudinal fissure on the middle aspect of the hem- 
isphere, separated from G. of corpus callosum by 
calloso-marginal fissure. G. margina'lis exter'- 
nus, G. callosus. G. margina'lis infe'rior, supe- 
rior temporal convolution. G. media'lis occipita'- 
lis, cuneate lobule. G. meditempora'lis, gyrus be- 
tween meditemporal or supertemporal fissures. G. 
nuclea'ris, fold of the nuclear gray matter in the 
olivary body and the corpus dentatum of cerebellum. 
G. occipita'lis descen'dens, exter'nus, inferior, me'- 
dius, pri'mus, secun'dus, supe'rior, and ter'tius, 
convolutions on occipital lobe of brain. G., occip'ito- 
503 
GYRUS 
fron'tal, small convolution on inferior surface of 
temporo-sphenoidal lobe. G. occip'ito-tempora'lis 
exter'nus, inferior, inter'nus, lateralis or supe'- 
rior, and media'lis, convolutions common to occipital 
and temporal lobes of brain. G. olfacto'rius, G. fron- 
talis rectus, olfactory lobe. G. olfacto'rius exter'- 
nus and inter'nus, roots of olfactory nerve. G. of 
oper'culum, see Gyri breves. G., or'bital, ante'- 
rior, exter'nal, inner, middle, etc., convolutions on 
orbital surface of frontal lobe of brain. G., para- 
cen'tral, oval or square area on middle aspect of 
cerebrum; motor area for part of leg. G., pari'etal, 
triangular area between postcentral and parietal fis- 
sures. G. parieta'lis infe'rior, inferior parietal lob- 
ule ; gyrus angularis, G. supramarginalis. G. pari- 
eta'lis me'dius, gyrus angularis. G. parieta'lis 
pri'mus or supe'rior, superior parietal lobule. G. 
parieta'lis secun'dus, inferior parietal lobule; gyrus 
angularis. G. parieta'lis ter'tius, gyrus supramar- 
ginalis. G. pari'eto-occipita'lis latera'lis, middle 
occipital convolution. G. parieto-occipita'lis me- 
dia'lis, superior occipital convolution. G. postcen- 
tra'lis, postcentral convolution lying back of centre, 
separated from pnecentral convolution by central 
sulcus. G. pos'tero-parieta'lis, G. postcentralis. 
G. post-Rolan'dicus, G. postcentralis. G. prsecen- 
tra'lis, praecentral convolution lying anterior to cen- 
tre, separated from postcentral convolution by central 
sulcus. G. prse-Syl'vius or prse-Syl'vian, transverse 
occipital convolution in front of fissure of Sylvius. 
G., precen'tral, G., ascending frontal. G., pre- 
or'bital, gyrus at junction of frontal and orbital 
aspects of cerebrum. G., pri'mary, cerebral areas 
in foetal life bounded by primary fissures. G. rec'- 
tus, innermost orbital convolution; orbital portion of 
marginal gyrus. G. retro-centra'lis, G. postcen- 
tralis. G. Rolan'dicus ante'rior and poste'rior, cer- 
ebral convolutions separated by central sulcus. G. 
semiter'tius, last spiral of cochlea. G., sig'moid, un- 
cinate gyrus. G., straight, G. rectus. G., subcal'- 
carine, narrow area between calcarine and collateral 
fissures. G., subcollat'eral, gyrus between collateral 
and subtemporal fissures. G., subfron'tal, gyrus 
having u shape and curving about prse-Sylvian fissure. 
G., subtem'poral, gyrus between meditemporal and 
subtemporal fissures. G., superfron'tal, gyrus be- 
tween precentral fissure and orbital surface of cere- 
brum; marginal gyrus. G., supertem'poral, gyrus 
between Sylvian and supertemporal fissures. G. 
supramargina'lis, portion of inferior parietal convo- 
lution along superior border of fissure of Sylvius, con- 
tinuous below with the superior temporo-sphenoidal 
and ascending parietal fissures. G., supraor'bital or 
supraor'bitar, G., inferior frontal. G. of Syl'vian 
fis'sure, G. bounding that fissure. G. tempora'lis 
infe'rior, inframargina'lis, me'dius, etc., convolu- 
tions of temporal lobes of brain. G. tem'poro-occipi- 
ta'lis, G. occipito-temporalis. G. transecun'dus or 
transitio'nis, portion of convolution of frontal lobe 
of brain forming arch over anterior part of fissure of 
Sylvius. G., tran'sitive, cerebral convolution asso- 
ciating or annexing principal lobes. G. transver'sus, 
G. prse-Sylvius. G. uncina'tus, uncinate convolution 
from vicinity of posterior extremity of occipital lobe 
to apex of temporo-sphenoidal; continuation of G. 
fornicatus. G., vault'ed, gyrus fornicatus or G. of 
the corpus callosum. H 
504 
H/EMAPHZEIN 
H. Abbreviation of hydrogen, of haustus (draught), 
and of hypermetropia. 
Habena, hab-a'nah (bridle). Bandage for uniting 
the edges of wounds. Peduncle of pineal gland. Frte- 
num retinaculum. 
Haben'ula (dim. of Habena). Small fraenum or 
bridle. H. arcua'ta, internal zone of basilar mem- 
brane of cochlea. H. cona'rii, anterior peduncle of 
pineal gland. H. denticula'ta, lower border of spiral 
groove of cochlea; auditory teeth. H. exter'na, H. 
denticulata; H. pectinata. H. gangliona'ris, gan- 
glion spirale or Cortii. H. inter'na, lamina denticu- 
lata. H. pectina'ta, outer zone of basilar membrane 
of cochlea, between external wall of latter and organ 
of Corti. H. perfora'ta or perforati'va, area on lower 
surface of basilar membrane of organ of Corti; H. den- 
ticulata. H. sulca'ta, upper border of spiral groove 
of cochlea. H. tec'ta, H. arcuata. 
Habenulse (ha-ben'u-le) of the pin'eal gland. See 
Pineal gland. 
Habenu'lar. Relating to the habenula or fraenum. 
Like a ribbon. 
Habil'la de Carthage'na (dim. of Haba) (L. faba, 
bean). Bejuio, Carthagena bean. Bean of South Amer- 
ica, famed as an antidote for the poison of serpents. 
Hab'it (habeo, to have). Aptitude for repeat- 
ing certain acts, or a facility resulting from the fre- 
quent repetition of the same act; second nature. 
Habit may predispose to certain diseases or protect 
against them. Regard should be had to it in study- 
ing the progress of disease or its treatment. H. of 
body, aggregate of the physical qualities of the hu- 
man body. H. chore'a, irregular spasmodic action 
of muscle or sets of muscles, beginning with disor- 
dered facial expression or gestures. H. spasm, H. 
chorea. 
Habitat, hab'it-at. Natural or customary location 
or residence of a plant or animal. 
Habitudo, hab-e-tu'do (habeo, to have). Habit. 
Habitus, hab'it-us. Habit. H. apoplec'ticus, 
apoplectic habit. H. cor'poris, habit. H. quadra'- 
tus, see Apoplectic. H. toro'sus, see Apoplectic. 
Habromania, hab-ro-man'e-ah (habros, gay). In- 
sanity in which the delusions are of a gay character. 
Hachich (hash'ish) or Hach'isch. See Cannabis. 
Hackberry, hak'ber-re. Celtis occidentalis, Prunus 
padus. 
Hack'ing. Massage of a mass of muscles, as of the 
neck, back, etc. 
Hack'matack. Larix Americana. 
Had'dock. See Oleum morrhuae. 
Hsema, he'mah (haima, blood). Blood. 
Hsemabarometer, he-ma-bar-om'et-ur (haema, baros, 
weight, metron, measure). Instrument or apparatus 
for determining specific gravity of the blood. 
Hsemacelinosis, he-ma-sel-in-o'sis (haema, helis, a 
spot). Purpura simplex, P. hsemorrhagica. 
Hsemachroin, he-mak'ro-in (haema, chroa, a color). 
Hsematosin. 
Haemachrome, he'mah-krome (haema, chroma, color). 
Hsematin. 
Haemachroses, he-mah-kro'sees (haema, chrosis, col- 
oration). Diseases in which the blood has a different 
color from usual, as in purpura and cyanosis. 
Hsemactus, he-mak'tus. Bloody. 
Hsemacyanin, he-mah-si'an-in (hsema, kuanos, blue). 
Blue coloring matter in blood, owing to its containing 
copper, and in bile. 
Hsemacytometer, he-ma-si-tom'et-ur (haema, kutos, 
cell, metron, measure). Instrument for measuring the 
number of corpuscles in the blood. 
Hsemad, he'mad. Blood-corpuscle. 
Hsemadon'osos or Hsemadon'osus (haema, nosos, 
disease). Disease of the blood-vessels. 
Haemadostenosis, he-mah-do-sten-o'sis (haema, steno- 
sis, contraction). Narrowness, contraction, or oblitera- 
tion of blood-vessels. 
Haemadosteo'sis or Haemadostosis, he-mad-ost-o'- 
sis (haema, ostosis, bony tumor). Ossification of the 
blood-vessels. 
Haemadromograph, he-ma-drom'o-graf (haema, 
dromos, course, grapho, to write). Instrument to 
ascertain actual or varying velocity of the current 
of blood. 
Haemadromometer, he-ma-dro-mom'e-tur. Instru- 
ment for measuring the rate of movement of the 
blood. 
Haemadynameter, he-ma-di-nam'e-tur. Heema- 
dynamometer. 
Haemadynamlcs, he-ma-di-nam'iks (haema, dunamis, 
power). Mechanism of the circulation of the blood ; 
science of forces operating to keep the blood in mo- 
tion. 
Haemadynamometer (he-ma-di-nam-om'et-ur), Hae- 
modynamom'eter, Haematodynamom'eter, Haema- 
dynam'eter, Haemom'eter, or Haematom'eter (haema, 
dunamis, power, metron, measure). Instrument for 
measuring the force of the blood in the vessels. A 
modification of this instrument has been called 
Cardiometer. See Manometer. 
Haemagaster, he-mah-gast'ur. Effusion of blood in 
the stomach. 
Hsemagastric (he-ma-gas'trik) or Haemogas'tric 
pes'tilence. Yellow fever. 
Haemagogue, he-ma'gog (heema, ago, to drive off). 
Medicine promoting the menstrual or hemorrhoidal 
discharges. 
Haemagogum, he-mah-go'gum. Paeonia. 
Hsemahysteria, he-mah-his-te're-ah (haema, hustera, 
uterus). Menorrhagia. 
Haemal, he'mal. Relating to the blood or blood- 
vessels. H. arch, arch formed by the projections 
anteriorly of the ribs and sternum from the bodies of 
the vertebrae, enclosing the great blood-vessels. H. 
ax'is, aorta. H. canal', canal formed by series of 
haemal arches. H. cav'ity, H. canal. H. sep'tum, 
septum of deep fascia on anterior median line. H. 
spine, sternum. H. sys'tem, circulation of blood. 
H. tube, H. canal. 
Haemaleucin (he-mah-lu'sin) or Haemaleucosis, he- 
mah-lu-ko'sis (haema, leukos, white). Fibrinous portion 
of coagulum ; formation of buffy coat of blood in in- 
flammation, pregnancy, etc. 
Haemaleucocytes, he-mah-lu'ko:sites. Cells of me- 
dulla of bone giving origin to red blood-corpuscles. 
Haemalopia (he-mal-o'pe-ah), Haemalopis (he-mah- 
lo'pis), or Hae'malops (haema, ops, eye). See Haemoph- 
thalmia. 
Haemamoeba, he-mam-e'bah (haema, ameibo, to 
change). White blood-corpuscle. H. cruenta'ta, 
red blood-corpuscle. 
Haemangioma, he-man-je-o'mah (haema, angeion, 
vessel, oma, tumor). Neoplasm made up of blood- 
vessels. Angeioma. 
Haemanthus (he-man'thus) coccin'eus (haema, an- 
thos, flower). S. African plant, bulb of which is diu- 
retic ; given as oxymel in asthma and dropsy. The 
fresh leaves are antiseptic, and applied to foul, flabby 
ulcers and in anthrax. H. denuda'tus or toxica'- 
rius, Blood-flower, African tulip ; juice of the bulb is 
employed as an arrow-poison. Alkaloid from it, Hae- 
man'thine, resembles atropine. 
Haemantlia, he-mant-le'ah (haema, antleo, to pump 
out). Exhausting syringe, to which a reservoir is 
attached, containing a needle; used for obtaining 
blood for haematological investigations. 
Haemaperitonirrhagia, he-ma-per-it-on-ir-rhaj'e-ah 
(haema, peritonaion, peritoneum, rhage, rupture). Ex- 
halation of blood into the peritoneal cavity. 
Haemaphaein (he-mah-fe'in), Haematophae'um, or HXEMAPH/EISM 
Saamophae'uin (haema, phaios, dusky). Brown color- 
ing matter of blood, probably haematin modified by 
an alkali or by decomposition. In urine it is called 
urohaematin. 
Haemaphae'ism. Passage of reddish-brown urine, 
due to hepatic changes and disintegration of red cor- 
puscles. 
Haemaphobus (he-maf'o-bus) or Heemoph'obus 
(haema, phobos, dread). One who has a dread of blood, 
who cannot look at it without fainting. The condi- 
tion is called Haemaphobia or Haematophobia. 
Haamapoesis, he-mah-po-a'sis (haima, blood, poieo, to 
make). Haematosis. 
Haemapoietlc, he-mah-poi-et'ik (haima, blood, poieo, 
to make). Blood-forming, as the haemapoietic func- 
tion of the liver, the spleen, etc. 
Haemapophyses, he-map-of'e-sees (haema, apophuo, 
to shoot forth). Costal cartilages. See Costa. Portion 
of typical vertebra forming antero-lateral part of 
haemal arch. 
Haemaporia (he-map-or'e-ah), Haematapor'ia, or 
Haematopor'ia (haema, aporos, poor). Paucity of blood. 
Anaemia. 
Haemaptysis, he-map'tis-is. Haemoptysis. 
Haemarthron (he-mar'thron), Haeniar'thros, or 
Haemarthro'sis (haema, arthron, joint). Effusion of 
blood into a joint. 
Haemas, he'mas. Blood-vessel. Hemorrhage. 
Haemastatica, he-mas-tat'ik-ah. Styptics; remedies 
for arresting hemorrhage. 
Haemastatics, he-mah-stat'iks (haema, statike, stat- 
ics). Statics of the blood and blood-vessels. 
Haemasthenosis, he-mas-then-o'sis (haema, asthenes, 
weak). Anaemia. Paucity of blood; obstruction to 
circulation of blood. 
Haematachometer, he-mat-ak-om'et-ur. Instru- 
ment for measuring the velocity of circulating blood. 
Haematal, he'mat-al. Eelating to the blood or the 
blood-vessels. 
Haematalloscopy, he-mat-al-os'ko-pe (haemato, al- 
lows, different, skope.o, to view). Mode of distinguish- 
ing different kinds of blood from each other. 
Haematamoeba, he-mat-am-e'bah. Haemamoeba. 
Haematanagoge, he-mat-an-ag-o'ge (haemato, ana, 
ago, to drive off). Vomiting of blood. See Haemat- 
emesis. 
Haematangeion, he-mat-an-ji'on (haema, angeion, 
vessel). Blood-vessel. 
Haematangionosis (he-mat-an-je-on'o-sus) or Hae- 
matangiosis, he-mat-an-je-o'sis (haemato, angeion, ves- 
sel, nosos, disease). Disease of blood-vessels. 
Haemataporia, he-mat-ap-or'e-ah. Paucity of 
blood ; anaemia. 
Haemataporrhosis, he-mat-ap-or-rho'sis (haemato, 
apo, orrhos, serum). Separation of serum from the 
blood. Cholera. 
Haematapostasis, he-mat-ap-os'tas-is. Congestion 
of blood; effusion of blood. 
Haematapostema, he-mat-ap-os-ta'mah (haemato, 
apostema, abscess). Abscess containing blood. Hae- 
matocele. 
Haamatauchen, he-mat-au'ken (haemato, auchen, 
neck). Accumulation of blood distending the cervix 
uteri. 
Haemataulica, he-mat-aul'ik-ah (haemato, aulos, tube). 
System of blood-vessels. 
Haematauris, he-mat-au'ris (haema, auris, ear). Ef- 
fusion of blood into the internal ear. 
Haemateclysis (he-mat-ek'lis-is) or Haematol'ysis 
(haemato, eklusis, loosening). Dissolution of the blood. 
Haematein, he-ma-te'in. When haematoxylin, color- 
ing of logwood, is acted upon by ammonia, haematein, 
C16H12O6, results; a brownish-red crystallized sub- 
stance. 
Haematelytrometra, he-mat-el-it-rom-et'rah (haema, 
elutron, vagina, metra, uterus). Accumulation of 
blood, especially menstrual blood, in the vagina and 
uterus, as in atresia vaginae. 
Haematemesis, he-mat-em'es-is (haemato, emeo, to 
vomit). Vomiting of blood. This is generally pre- 
ceded by a feeling of oppression, weight, and dull or 
505 
HJEMATINURIA 
pungent pain in the epigastric and hypochondriac 
regions, by anxiety, and, occasionally, by syncope. 
Blood, generally of a grumous aspect, is then passed 
by vomiting, and sometimes also by stool. It pro- 
ceeds from rupture of a vessel or from a sanguineous 
exhalation at the surface of the mucous membrane 
of the stomach. It is often observed in females 
whose menstrual secretion is irregularly performed, 
H., menstrual, or II., vicarious. 
Haematencephalon (he-mat-en-sef'al-on) or Hae- 
matencephalum, he-mat-en-sef'al-um (hsemato, en- 
cephalon). Intracranial hemorrhage; cerebral apo- 
plexy ; cerebral hemorrhage. 
Haematepagoge, he-mat-ep-ag-o'ge (hsemato, epi, ago, 
to drive). Congestion of the blood. 
Haematepigastrium, he-mat-ep-e-gas'tre-um (hee- 
mato, epi, upon, gaster, stomach). Hemorrhage into 
the epigastric region external to the peritoneum. 
Haematepischesis (hieina, epischesis, stoppage). Slow 
or inactive circulation. 
Haematerethica, he-mat-er-eth'ik-ah. Division of 
diseases, including chlorosis, cyanosis, hemorrhages, 
etc. 
Hsematerous, he-mat-e'rus. Sanguine; bloody or 
like blood. 
Haematerphia, he-mat-ur'fe-ah (haema, terphos, rind). 
Naevus. 
Haematerythrin, he-mat-er'ith-rin (hsemato, eruthros, 
red). Haematin. 
Haematexostosis, he-mat-ex-os-to'sis (haemato, exos- 
tosis). Osteosarcoma, or exostosis with well-defined 
vessels. 
Haemathermous, he-ma-thur'mus (hsema, therme, 
heat). Warm-blooded. 
Haemathidrosis, he-mat-hid-ro'sis (hsemato, hidrosis, 
sweating). Bloody sweat; sudor cruentus. 
Haemathoracographion, he-mah-thor-ak-o-graf'e- 
on (haema, thorax, chest, grapho, to write). Instrument 
or apparatus for registering or indicating movements 
of respiratory air as influenced by movements of 
the heart and large vessels. 
Haemathorax, he-mah-tho'raks. See Hsematothorax. 
Haemathrosis, he-mah-thro'sis (haema, rheo, to flow). 
Effusion or extravasation of blood. 
Haematiasis, he-mat-e'as-is. Haematonosus. 
Haematic, he-mat'ik. Sanguine; relating to blood; 
medicine acting on the blood as a tonic. H. ac'id, 
yellow substance derived from carbonization of red 
corpuscles and subsequent action of carbonate of 
sodium. H. cri'sis, sudden change in characteristics 
of blood in disease. 
Haematica, he-mat'ik-ah. Diseases of the san- 
guineous function; medicines that act on the blood. 
H. doctri'na, haematology. 
Haematicus, he-mat'ik-us. Bloody, sanguine. 
Haematidrosis, he-mat-id-ro'sis (hsemato, hidrosis, 
sweating). Bloody sweat; sudor cruentus. H. men- 
strua'lis, sweating of menstrual blood. 
Haematimetry, he-mat-im'et-re (hsemato, metron, 
measure). Estimate of the number of blood-corpuscles. 
Haematin (he'mat-in), Hem'atine, Hem'atin, Hae- 
mato'sin, or Hemato'sine. CasHToNsFeaOio. Red 
coloring matter of the blood; a component of haemo- 
globin residing in distinct particles or globules, and, 
in the opinion of some observers, in the envelope of 
the globules; obtained by action of acetic acid on 
haemoglobin. With chlorine, iodine, and bromine, it 
forms crystals of haemin. 
Haematinic (he-mat-in'ik) or Hematin'ic. Aug- 
menting the number of red corpuscles or the haematin 
of the blood ; relating to haematin. 
Haematlnometer, he-mat-in-om'et-ur. Apparatus 
or instrument to determine the amount of haematin or 
haemoglobin in the blood. 
Haematinoptysis, he-mat-in-op'tis-is (haematin, ptuo, 
to spit). Expectoration of brownish-yellow haema- 
tinic crystals without red corpuscles. See Hsemotoidin. 
Haematinuria, he-mat-in-u're-ah (haematin, ouron, 
urine). Urine containing the coloring matter of the 
blood without the red corpuscles, as in scurvy, pur- 
pura, etc. H/E MATIN US 
Haematinus, he-mat-e'nus. Sanguine. 
Haematischesis (he-mat-is'kes-is) or Haemis'chesis 
(haema, ischo, to suppress). Retention or suppression 
of a natural or artificial flow of blood. 
Haematism, he'ma-tizm. Epistaxis; hemorrhage. 
Haematisthmus, he-mat-isth'mus (haemato, isthmos, 
pharynx). Hemorrhage into the pharynx or from the 
throat. 
Haematite, he'mat-ite. Resembling blood. Beau- 
tiful ore of iron, called bloodstone or hematite; when 
finely levigated and frequently washed with water, 
it has been used in hemorrhages, fluxus, uterine ob- 
struction, etc. Vessel containing blood. 
Haematmus, he-mat'mus (haema, atmos, vapor). Gas- 
eous matter of blood. Halitus, or vapor given off by 
freshly-drawn blood. 
Haemato, he'ma-to (haima, blood). In composition, 
blood. 
Haematobium, he-mat-o'be-um. Distoma haemato- 
bium. Blood-corpuscle. 
Haematoblast, he'mat-o-blast (haema, blastos, bud). 
Nucleated corpuscle of marrow, adenoid tissue, and 
blood-forming tissues, which subsequently become red 
corpuscles; blood-plaque; partially developed red 
blood-corpuscle. See Globules. 
Haematocathartic, he-mat-o-kath-ar'tik (haemato, 
katharsis, purification or purgation). Purifying the 
blood. 
Haematocausis, he-mat-o-kau'sis (haema, kaio, to 
burn). Oxidation of the blood. 
Haematocele, he-mat-o-se'le (Eng. he-mat'o-seel) 
(haemato, kele, tumor). Tumor formed by blood, or by 
blood effused into the areolar texture of the scrotum. 
Tumor arising from effusion of blood into the 
tunica vaginalis; scrotal haematocele, differing 
from hydrocele only in the character of the 
effusion; effusion of blood into the interior of the 
tunica albuginea itself. It is most commonly caused 
by wounds or contusions. H. arterio'sa, aneurism. 
H., catame'nial, pelvic h. from cessation or obstruc- 
tion of menses. H. circumuteri'na, haematocele, pel- 
vic. H., funic'ular, H. of the spermatic cord. H., 
men'strual, H. catamenial. H., pel'vic or peri- 
u'terine, Retro-uterine haematocele. Pelvic haematoma or 
thrombus. Extravasation of blood into the pouch or 
peritoneum between the rectum and uterus (retro- 
uterine), or into the subperitoneal tissue behind and 
around the latter organ (circumuterine). Called also 
Ovarian, Catamenial or Tubal, Intraperitoneal, Extraperi- 
toneal, etc. Hemorrhage and peritonitis are to be 
combated. The tumor thus formed is also known as 
a Sanguineous pelvic tumor or Ovarian apoplexy. H., 
primitive, haematocele produced without any ap- 
parent cause, Spontaneous h. H., puden'dal, Blood 
tumor or Thrombus of the vulva. Tumor formed 
by a mass of clotted blood effused into the tissue 
of one labium, or the areolar tissue immediately 
surrounding the wall of the vagina, doubtless de- 
rived from the vessels of the bulb of the vestibule. 
H., retro-u'terine, H., pelvic. H., u'terine, H., pelvic. 
H., vagi'nal, H. of tunica vaginalis testis. H., vul'var, 
H., pudendal. 
Haematocephalus, he-mat-o-sef'al-us (haemato, keph- 
ale, head). Monster in which effusion of blood in 
the head has given occasion to more or less singular 
deformities. Blood-tumor of the head. 
Hsematocerebriform (he-mat-o-ser'eb-re-form) dis- 
ease (haemato, cerebrum, brain, forma, form). Enceph- 
aloid. 
Haematochezia, he-mat-o-kez'e-ah (haemato, chezo, to 
go to stool). Discharge of blood by stool. 
Hsematochometer, he-mat-o-kom'e-tur. Instru- 
ment for measuring the velocity of the circulating 
blood. 
Haematochro'in or Haematochroite, he-mat-ok'ro-it. 
Haematin. 
Haematochrosis, he-mat-o-kro'sis (haemato, chrosis, 
coloration). Bloody discoloration of the skin. Skin 
disease with change in the color of the blood. 
Haematochylu'ria (haemato, chulos, chyle, ouron, 
urine). Passage of blood and chyle in the urine, 
506 
H/E M ATOGRAPHY 
due to the presence in the stomach of filaria san- 
guinis. 
Haematochysis, he-mat-ok'is-is (hiemato, chuo, to 
pour out). Hemorrhage. 
Hsematococ'cus. Micro-organism in the blood. 
Haematocoelia, he-mat-o-se'le-ah (hiemato, koilia, cav- 
ity of the abdomen). Effusion of blood into the ab- 
domen or within the peritoneal cavity. 
Haematocceliac (he-mat-o-se'le-ak) pas'sion. Dys- 
entery accompanied with passage of blood. 
, Haematocolica, he-mat-o-kol'ik-ah. Colic accom- 
panied with bloody passages. 
Haematocolpus, he-mat-o-kol'pus (hiemato, kolpos, 
vagina). Effusion of blood into the vagina; accumu- 
lation of blood owing to occlusion of the vagina. 
Haematocrite, he'mat-o-krite (hiema, krino, to sepa- 
rate). Instrument to measure the volume of the cor- 
puscles in the blood. 
Haematocryal, he-mat-ok're-al (hiemato, kruos, ice). 
Cold-blooded. 
Haematocrystallin, he-mat-o-kris'tal-in (hiemato, 
krustallos, crystal). Haemaglobin. See Blood, glob- 
ules of. 
Haematocyanopathy, he-mat-o-si-an-op'ath-e (hee- 
mato, kuanos, blue, pathos, affection). Cyanopathy. 
Haematocyanosis, he-mat-o-si-an-o'sis (hiemato, kua- 
nosis, blueness). Cyanopathy. 
Haematocyst, he-mat'o-sist (hiemato, kuste, bladder). 
Blood-cyst or sanguineous cyst. Encysted tumor 
containing blood. Hemorrhage into the urinary or 
gall-bladder. Haematoma. 
Haematocystis, he-mat-o-sis'tis (hiemato, kustis, 
bladder). Hemorrhage into the bladder. Haemat- 
ocyst. 
Haematocyte, he-mat'o-site (hiema, kutos, cell). Blood- 
corpuscle. 
Haematocytometer, he-mat-o-si-tom'et-ur. Instru- 
ment for ascertaining the number of corpuscles in 
the blood. 
Haematodes (he-mat-o'dees) or Haemato'ides. Hie- 
matoid, Hematoid. That which contains blood or has 
the character of blood. H. fun'gus, Spongoid inflam- 
mation, Pulpy or Medullary sarcoma, Bleeding fungus, 
Soft or Hxmatoid cancer. A term formerly employed 
to designate an extremely alarming carcinomatous 
affection consisting in the development of cancerous 
tumors, with violent heat and pain, and with fungous 
and bleeding excrescences, and most frequently met 
with in the eyeball, the upper and lower extremities, 
testicle, and mamma, but also in the uterus, ovary, 
liver, spleen, brain, lungs, thyroid gland, and in the 
hip- and shoulder-joints. 
Haematodiarrhoea, he-mat-o-di-ar-rhe'ah. Passage 
of blood from the bowels. 
Haematodynamics, he-mat-o-di-nam'iks. Haema- 
dynamics. 
Haematodynamometer, he-mat-o-di-nam-om'et-ur. 
Haemadynamometer. 
Hsematodyscrasia, he-mat-o-dis-kras'e-ah (hiemato, 
duskrasia, disorder). Disease of the blood. 
Haematcedema, he-mat-e-de'mah. (Edema bloody 
in color or contents. 
Haematogaster, he-mat-o-gast'ur (hiemato, gaster, 
stomach). Effusion of blood in the stomach. 
Haematogenesis, he-mat-o-jen'e-sis. Formation of 
blood. Development of blood-corpuscles in embry- 
onic life by division of nuclei of haemopoietic cells. 
Red corpuscles are formed in after life by changes in 
the white corpuscles, and coloration of the latter in 
the cells of red marrow of bones, in cells of adenoid 
tissue, and in the spleen. 
Haematogenetic (he-mat-o-jen-et'ik), Haematog'en- 
ous, or Haematogen'ic. Favoring haematosis or 
blood-formation ; having origin in the blood. 
Haematoglo'bin (hiemato, globus, disk). Haemoglobin. 
Haematoglobinuria, he-mat-o-glob-in-u're-ah. Hae- 
moglobinuria. 
Haematoglob'ulin. Haemoglobin. See Blood, glob- 
ules of. 
Haematography, he-mat-og'raf-e (hiemato, graphe. 
description). Description of the blood. HJEM ATOM IDROSIS 
Haematohidrosis, he-mat-o-hid-ro'sis. Haemati- 
drosis. 
Haematoid, he'ma-toid (haemato, eidos, resemblance). 
Resembling blood. H. can'cer, haematodes fungus. 
Haematoidin, he-mat-o'id-in. Haematinic, Haematic, 
Haemin, or Blood crystals. Substance found in the 
midst or in the vicinity of effusions of blood, in 
minute rhomboidal crystals or in fine needles. It is 
haematin separated from the globules of the blood, 
and passed from a state of non-crystallizable organic 
substance to one of a crystalline chemical compound. 
The term haematinoptysis has been applied to expec- 
toration containing haematinic crystals without red 
corpuscles. 
Haematoin, he-mat'o-in. Haemato-porphyrin. 
Hagmatokelidosis, he-mat-o-kel-id-o'sis. Vitiation 
of the blood. 
Haamatokolpos, he-mat-o-kol'pos (haemato, kolpos, 
vagina). Accumulation of blood in the vagina. 
Haematokoprisis, he-mat-o-kop'ris-is (heema, kopri- 
sis, defecation). Evacuation of blood with feces. 
Haematology (he-mat-ol'o-je) or Hematol'ogy (hae- 
mato, logos, discourse). Part of medicine treating of 
the blood. H., pathological, observation of the 
blood to detect its varying character in disease. 
Haematolyses, he-mat-ol'is-ees (haemato, lusis, solu- 
tion). Diseases in which there is diminished coagu- 
lability of the blood. 
Haematolysis, he-mat-ol'is-is. Dissolution or de- 
composition of blood ; fluidity of blood. 
Haematolytic, he-mat-o-lit'ik. Relating to blood 
that is impoverished or deficient in red corpuscles. 
Tending to impoverish the blood by diminishing the 
number of red corpuscles. 
Haematoma, he-mat-o'mah. Bloody tumor. Tumor 
of blood, as in the scalp of the new-born. H. au'ris 
or auricula're, Insane ear, Asylum ear. Effusion of 
blood under the perichondrium of the ear, which is 
stripped from the cartilage; or, according to some, the 
effusion is within the cartilage; considered an un- 
favorable sign in insanity. H. of du'ra ma'ter, 
meningeal hemorrhage under the dura mater. H. of 
the ear, H. auris. H. la'bii, pudendal haematocele. 
H. neonato'rum, cephafematoma; see Haematocele. 
H., pel'vic, haematocele, pelvic. H. saccat'um, en- 
cysted tumor containing blood. H. of the scalp, 
cephalhaematoma. H. of the u'terus, heematometra. 
Haematomanti'a (haemato, manteia, divination). 
Judgment of disease or diagnosis from the appear- 
ance of the blood. 
Haematometachysls, he-mat-o-met-ak'is-is (hae- 
mato, meta, chuo, to pour). Transfusion of blood. 
Haematom/eter. Haemadynamometer; haemom- 
eter. 
Haematometra, he-mat-o-met'rah (haemato, metra, 
uterus). Metrorrhagia. Retention of blood in the 
uterus. 
Haematometria (he-mat-o-met're-ah) or Haematom'- 
etry (haema, metron, measure). Measurement of blood 
as to amount, dimensions of corpuscles, etc. 
Haematomma, he-mat-om'mah (haemato, omma, the 
eye). Effusion of blood into the eye ; bloodshot eye; 
haematoma of the eye. 
Haematomo'mas. Genus of infusoria detected in the 
blood of animals. H. Evans'ii, micro-organism found 
in blood of certain animals, causing a disease called 
surra; hence called Surra parasite. H. mala'riae, 
plasmodium malarfe. 
Haematomphalocele he-mat-om-fal-o-se'le (Eng. 
he-mat-om'fal-o-seel), Haematom'phalum, or Haemat- 
om'phalus (haemato, omphalos, navel, kele, tumor). 
Umbilical hernia the sac of which encloses bloody 
serum, or which has at its surface a number of 
varicose veins, constituting Varicomphalus. 
Haematomyces, he-mat-om'is-ees (haemato, makes, 
fungus). Haematodes fungus. 
Haematomye'lia (haemato, muelos, marrow). Hemor- 
rhage into the spinal cord. 
Haematomyeli/tis. Inflammation of the spinal cord 
accompanied with hemorrhage. 
Haematoncus, he-mat-on'kus (haemato, onkos, tumor). 
507 
H/EMATORRHACHIS 
Tumor of blood or bloody tumor, such as naevi materni, 
varicose tumors, etc. 
Haematonosos (he-mat-on'os-os) or Hsematonosus 
(haemato, nosos, disease). Disease of the blood; haemic 
or blood disease. Disease from internal hemorrhage. 
Skin diseases with local or general blood disturbance. 
See Blood disease. 
Haematopathia, he-mat-o-path-e'ah (haemato, pathos, 
affection). Haematonosus. 
Haematopedesis, he-mat-o-ped-a'sis (haemato, pedao, 
to spring). See Diapedesis and Haematidrosis. 
Haematopericardium, he-mat-o-per-e-kar'de-um. 
Effusion of blood into the pericardium. 
Haematophaeum, he-mat-o-fe'um. Haemaphaein. 
Haematophagous, he-mat-of'ag-us (haemo, phago, to 
eat). Blood-eating. 
Haematophilia (he-mat-o-fil'e-ah), or Haemophilia, 
or Haemorrhophil'ia, or Haemorrhaphil'ia (haemato, 
phileo, to love). Disease, hereditary and attended by 
hemorrhagic diathesis, with unusual obstinacy of 
traumatic hemorrhage, or tendency to spontaneous 
bleedings and to swelling of the joints. 
Haematophlebces'tasis or Haematophlehostasis, 
he-mat-o-fleb-os'tas-is (haema, phleps, vein, stasis, sup- 
pression). Sudden suppression of hemorrhage. 
Haematophobia (he-mat-o-fo'be-ah) orHaemopho'bia 
(haemato, phobos, dread). Dread or sorrow at the sight 
of blood, producing syncope, etc. Those who were 
afraid of, or opposed to, bloodletting were formerly 
called haemophoboi, blood-funkers. 
Haematophore, he'mat-o-for (haema, phoreo, to carry). 
Instrument for transfusion of blood. 
Haematophthalmia, he-mat-of-thal'me-ah. Haem- 
ophthalmia. 
Haematophthalmus (he-mat-of-thal'mus) or Hae- 
mophthaTmus. Haematophthalmia. 
Haematophthores, he-mat-of'tho-rees (haemato, 
phthora, corruption). Diseases in which the blood is 
materially altered in composition, as in typhus. 
Haematophyllum, he-mat-o-fil'lum (haemato, phullon, 
leaf). Micro-organism in the blood, as H. mala'riae. 
Plasmodium malariae. 
Haematophyte, he'mat-o-fite, (haema, phuton, plant). 
Vegetable micro-organism in the blood. 
Haematopisy, he-mat-op'-is-e. Collection of blood 
in any organ, especially in the uterus, when, owing 
to faulty conformation, the exit of the menstrual 
flux is prevented. Drinking of blood. 
Haematoplania (he-mat-o-plan'e-ah), Haematopla- 
ne'sis, or Haemopla'nia (haemato, plane, wandering). 
Vicarious hemorrhage, as in menstruation. H. men- 
strua'lis, menstruation, vicarious. 
Haematoplasma, he-mat-o-plaz'mah. Liquor san- 
guinis ; blood-plasma. 
Haematoplast, he'mat-o-plast. Hsematoblast. 
Haematoplastic, he-mat-o-plas'tik (haemato, plasso, 
to form). Blood-formative. Applied to a substance 
in early foetal life, haematoplastic substance, which 
breaks up gradually into blood-corpuscles before the 
formation of blood-vessels. 
Haematoplethora, he-mat-o-pleth-o'rah. Plethora. 
Haematopoea, he-mat-o-pe'ah (haemato, poieo, to 
make). Favoring hematosis. 
Haematopoe'sis or Haematopoiesis, he-mat-o-poi- 
e'sis. Haematosis; blood-forming; haemogenesis. 
Haematopoetic, he-mat-o-po-et'ik. Favoring or 
concerned in haematosis, as iron. 
Haematoporia, he-mat-o-por'e-ah. Haemaporia. 
Haematoporphyrin, he-mat-o-por'iir-in. CesHuNg- 
Oi2. Product of decomposition of haematin, some- 
times found in urine. 
Haematopo'sia (haemato, posis, drink). Drinking 
of blood. 
Haematops (he'mat-ops) or Haematopsia, he-mat- 
op'se-ah (haemato, ops, eye). Haemophthalmia. 
Haematoptysia (he-mat-op-tiz'e-ah) or Haematop- 
tysis, he-mat-op'tis-is (haemato, ptuo, to spit). Hae- 
moptysis. 
Haematorrhachis, he-mat-or'rha-kis (haemato, rha- 
chis, the spine). Hemorrhage of, into, or around the 
spinal marrow. HJEMATORRHAGIA 
Haematorrhagia, he-mat-or-rha'je-ah. Hemorrhage. 
Haamatorrhoea, he-mat-or-rhe'ah (hsemato, rheo, to 
flow. Hemorrhage, generally passive. 
Haematorrhophe'sis (hsema, rhophesis, absorption). 
Absorption of blood. 
Haematorrhosis, he-mat-or-rho'sis (hsemato, orrhos, 
serum of the blood). Separation of serum of blood; 
hence cholera. 
Haamatorrhysis, he-mat-or'rhis-is (hsemato, rheo, to 
flow). Hemorrhage. 
Haematosalpinx, he-mat-o-sal'pinks (hsemato, sal- 
pinx, tube). Hemorrhage or morbid accumulation of 
blood in the Fallopian tube. 
Haematoscheocele (he-mat-os-ke-o-se'le) (Eng. he- 
mat-os'ke-o-seel), Haemoscheocele, or Haematos'- 
cheum (hsemato, oscheon, scrotum, kele, tumor). Effu- 
sion of blood into the scrotum. 
Hsematoscope, he'mat-o-skope (hsemato, skopeo, to 
view). Instrument for examination of spectroscopic 
relations of the blood. 
Haematoscopy, he-mat-os'ko-pe (hsemato, skopeo, to 
view). Examination of blood drawn. 
Haematosepsis, he-mat-o-sep'sis (hsemato, sepsis, 
putrefaction). Septicaemia; dissolution of the 
blood. 
Haematosic, he-mat-o'sik. Haematopoietic. 
Haematosin, he-mat-o'sin. Haematin. Brown pow- 
der made by subjecting blood to process of thicken- 
ing, pressing, extracting with alcohol, washing, etc. 
Haematosis, he-mat-o'sis. Septicaemia. Decarbon- 
ization or atmospherization of blood. Transforma- 
tion of venous blood and chyle into arterial blood by 
respiration. Aeration or arterialization of blood. 
Formation of blood in general, or sanguification. 
Haematospectroscope, he-mat-o-spek'tro-skope. In- 
strument to determine amount of haemoglobin in 
blood by spectroscopic examination. 
Haematosper'mia. Mixture of blood with semen. 
Haematospilia, he-mat-o-spil'-e-ah (hsemato, spilos, a 
spot). Ecchymosis; purpura haemorrhagica. 
Haematospongosis, he-mat-o-spon-go'-sis. Develop- 
ment of fungus haematodes. 
Haematospongus, he-mat-o-spon'gus (hsemato, spon- 
gos, sponge, fungus). Haematodes fungus; medullary 
sarcoma. 
Haematostatics (he-mat-o-stat'iks) or Haemostat'- 
ics. Doctrine of the motion of the blood in living 
bodies. Remedies for stopping blood. Styptics. 
Haematosteon, he-mat-os'te-on (hsemato, osteon, a 
bone). Effusion of blood into the cavity of bones. 
Haematostyp'tic (hsemato, statikos, restraining). Hae- 
mostatic. 
Haematosymphoresis, he-mat-o-sim-for-e'sis (hse- 
mato, sumphoresis, accumulation). Congestion. 
Haematosynagoge, he-mat-o-sin-ag-o'ge (hsemato, 
sunagoge, collection). Congestion. 
Haematotelangiosis, he-mat-o-tel-an-je-o'sis (hse- 
mato, telos, end, angeion, vessel, osis). Dilatation of 
capillary vessels. Aneurism by anastomosis. 
Haematotherma, he-mat-o-thur'mah (hsemato, ther- 
me, heat). Warm-blooded vertebrata. 
Haematothermal, he - mat - o - thur' mal. Warm- 
blooded. 
Haematothorax (he-mat-o-tho'raks), Haematho'rax, 
or Haemotho'rax (hsemato, thorax, chest). Hemor- 
rhagic pleurisy; pleural hemorrhage; extravasation 
of blood into the chest: 
Haematotoxic (he-mat-o-toks'ik) or Haematox'ic. 
Poisoning the blood; relating to toxaemia or blood- 
poisoning; toxaemic. 
Haem'atous. Relating to blood. 
Haematox'ilic acid. See Hsematoxylon. 
Haematox'in. Haematoxylin. 
Haematox'yli lignum. Haematoxylon. 
Haematox'ylin. See Hsematoxylon Campechianum. 
Haematoxylon, he-mat-oks'il-on (Hsemato, xulon, 
wood. H. Campechianum. H. Campechian'um, log- 
wood ; the part used in medicine is the heart-wood, Hse- 
matoxylon (Ph. U. S.), nat. ord. Leguminosae. Logwood 
is almost inodorous, of a sweetish, subastringent 
taste, and deep-red color. Its virtues are extracted by 
508 
I H£MOCHROME 
water and alcohol. It is astringent and tonic, and is 
used in the protracted stages of diarrhoea and dysen- 
tery. It contains tannic acid and a coloring principle, 
Haematoxylin or Haematoxylic acid, CieHuOe, used for 
microscopic staining. 
Haematox'ylum. Haematoxylon. 
Haematozaemia (haima, blood, zemia, loss). Habit- 
ual or periodical hemorrhage. 
Haematozoa (he-mat-o-zo'ah) or Haematozoa'ria 
(haemato, soon, animal). Entozoa in the blood. 
Haematozymosis, he-mat-o-zi-mo'sis (heema, zymosis, 
fermentation). Fermentation of the blood. 
Haematuria (he-mat-u're-ah), Haemature'sis, Hae- 
mure'sis, or Haemu'ria (haemato, oureo, to make urine). 
Bloody urine. Voiding of blood with the urine; 
hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the 
urinary passages; may proceed from the kidneys, 
bladder, or urethra. H., chy'lous, haematochyluria. 
H. cys'tica, discharge of blood from the urinary 
bladder. H. ejaculato'ria, discharge of blood from 
the urethra accompanying the act of ejaculation of 
the sperm. H., mala'rial, hemorrhagic malarial 
fever. H. rena'lis, hemorrhage from the kidneys; 
see Haematuria. H. semina'lis, H. ejaculatoria. H. 
stillati'tia, hemorrhage from the urethra. H. vesi- 
ca'lis, hemorrhage from the bladder; see Haematuria 
and Cystorrhagia. 
Haemau'togram (haemo, autos, self, grapho, to write). 
Record of the pulse made by Haemautography, or use of 
an arterial stream impinging on moving paper or a 
diagram. 
Haemaxis, he-maks'is (haimasso, to let blood). Blood- 
letting. 
Haemelytrometra, he-mel-it-ro-me'trah (haema, 
elutron, vagina, metra, uterus). Collection of blood 
in the uterus and vagina. 
Haemencephalus, he-men-sef'al-us (haema, enceph- 
alon). Cerebral apoplexy; hemorrhage within the 
cranium. 
Haemendocardium, he-men-do-kar'de-um. Inflam- 
mation of the lining membrane of the heart. 
Haementera, he-men'ter-ah (haema, enteron, intes- 
tine). Melaena. 
Hsemerythrum, he-mer'ith-rum (haema, eruthros, 
red). Haematin. 
Hae'mic. Relating or appertaining to blood or state 
of the blood. H. unit, proportion of red corpuscles 
in blood subjected to examination, the normal stand- 
ard being assumed at 100. 
Haemidrosis, he-mid-ro'sis (haema, hidrosis, sweat- 
ing). Hsematidrosis. See Diapedesis. 
Hse'min. CssHuaFeaOis. Crystals produced arti- 
ficially from haematin; important only as a test for 
blood-stains. See Haematoidin. 
Haemischesis, he-mis'kes-is. Haematischesis. 
Haemitis, he-me'tis. Alteration of the blood occur- 
ring in inflammatory diseases ; inflammatory blood. 
Hae'mo. In composition, blood. 
Haemoalbuminu'ria. Haematuria of inferior ani- 
mals. 
Haemo-arthritis, he-mo-ar-thre'tis. Acute rheuma- 
tism. 
Haemo'bium. Haematobium. 
Haem'oblast. Part of yoke of ovum concerned in 
heematosis. 
Haemocardiorrhagia, he-mo-kard-e-or-rhaj'e-ah 
(haema, kardia, the heart, rhegnumi, to break forth). 
Apoplexy of the heart; effusion of blood into the 
substance of the heart. 
Haemocardium, he-mo-kar'de-um (haemo, kardia, 
heart). Haemocardiorrhagia. 
Haemocelidosis, he-mo-sel-id-o'sis (haemo, kelidoo, to 
stain). Purpura. 
Haemocerchnos, he-mo-serk'nos (kerchnos, hissing, 
dry). Spitting of blood, with hissing in the throat; 
evacuation of dry matters. 
Haemochroin, he-mok-ro'in. Haematin. 
Haemochromagen, he - mo - kro' ma - jen. Coloring 
matter produced by decomposition of haemoglobin. 
Haemochrome, he'mo-krome (haemo, chroma, color). 
Haematin. HXEMOCH ROMOM ETER 
Haemochromom'eter. Apparatus or instrument 
for determining amount of haemoglobin. 
Haemochro'sis. Haematochrosis. 
Haemococ'ci. Miero-organisms in blood. 
Haemocryphia, be-mo-krif'e-ah (haemo, krupto, to 
conceal). Retention or suppression of flow of blood. 
Haemocrys'tallin. Hemoglobin. 
Hemocy'anin (haemo, kuanos, blue). Coloring mat- 
ter of blood, giving it a blue color, in some of the 
lower animals. 
Haemocyano'sis. Cyanosis. 
Hemocyte, he'mo-site. Blood-corpuscle. 
Haemocytol'ysis (haemo, kutos, vessel, lusis, solution). 
Dissolution or disintegration of red globules of blood. 
Hemocytometer, he-mo-si-tom'e-tur. Hemacy- 
tometer. 
Haemocytotrip'sis (haemo, kutos, vessel, thrupsis, 
breaking). Breaking up of red globules of blood. 
Haemodacrysis, he-mo-dak'ris-is (haemo, dakru, 
tear). Production of bloody tears. 
Hemodes, he-mo'dees. Sanguine; bloody. 
Hemodia (he-mo'de-ah) or Hemodiaz/mus (haema, 
odous, tooth). Great sensibility of the teeth, and 
especially the setting on edge of those bodies by 
acid or acerb substances; tooth-edge; teething. 
Hemodiapedesis, he-mo-de-ah-ped-a'sis (haemo, dia- 
pedesis, exhalation). Exhalation of blood at the sur- 
face of the skin; sweating of blood. 
Haemodiarrhce'a. Bloody diarrhoea. 
Haemodiasmus, he-mo-de-az'mus. Hemodia. 
Hsemodipsa, he-mo-dip'sah (haemo, dipsa, thirst). 
Fondness for bloodletting. 
Haemodromograph, he-mo-dro'mo-graf (haemo, dro- 
mos, running, grapho, to write). Instrument or appa- 
ratus for recording graphically the velocity of circu- 
lating blood. 
Haemodromometer (he-mo-drom-om'e-tur) or Hae- 
madromom'eter (haema, dromos, course, matron, meas- 
ure). Instrument for measuring the rate of the 
blood's movement. 
Haemodynamics (he-mo-di-nam'iks) or Haemato- 
dynam'ics. Part of science which treats of the 
motion of the blood. 
Haemodynamom/eter. Haemadynamometer. 
Haemodyscrasia, he-mo-dis-kras'e-ah. Haemato- 
nosus. 
Haemogallol, he-mo-gal'lol. Reduction product of 
hematin ; a readily absorbed blood tonic in chlorosis, 
anaemia, etc. Dose, gr. ij-v (0.12-0.3 g.). 
Haemogastric, he-mo-gas'trik. Haemagastric. 
Haemoglobin, he-mo-glo'bin (haema, giobus'). Al- 
buminous coloring matter of red corpuscles of blood, 
giving color to venous and arterial blood, and com- 
posed of haematin and globulin ; used therapeutically 
in anaemia and sclerosis. 
Haemoglobinaemia, he-mo-glob-in-e'me-ah. Con- 
dition of blood characterized by the existence of free 
haemoglobin in it. 
Haemoglobinom'eter, Haematinometer. 
Haemoglobinuria, he-mo-glob-in-u're-ah. Urine 
characterized by existence of free haemoglobin in it, 
as in septicaemia and after burns and transfusion of 
blood. 
Haemoglobulin, he-mo-glob'u-lin. Haemoglobin. 
Haemographion, he-mo-graf'e-on (haema, grapho, to 
write). Haemodynamometer, arranged to indicate 
graphically the blood-pressure. 
Haemohydrarthrosis, he-mo-hid-rar-thro'sis (haemo, 
hudor, water, arthron, joint). Effusion of blood into a 
joint. 
Haemohydronephrosis, he - mo - hi - dro - nef - ro' sis 
(haemo, hudor, water, nephros, kidney). Cystic tumor 
of the kidney, contents of which are blood and urine. 
Haemoid, he'moid (haemo, eidos, resemblance). San- 
guine ; bloody. 
Haemokelidosis, he-mo-kel-id-o'sis. Haemocelidosis. 
Haemol, he'mol. A reduction product of hematin; 
same therapeutic action as haemogallol. 
Haemoleucocytes, he-mo-lu'ko-sites (haemo, leukos, 
white, kutos, cell). Cells of marrow of bone, from 
which red blood-corpuscles are developed. 
509 
HAEMOPTYSIS 
Haemomanometer, he - mo - man - om' et - ur (Aanno, 
manos, thin, metron, measure). Instrument for de- 
termining degree of pressure of the circulating blood. 
Haemomediasti'num. Hemorrhagic effusion in the 
mediastinum. 
Haemomere (haemo, meros, part). Portion of theo- 
retical segment of vertebrate animal, composed of 
blood-vessels. 
Haemometachysis, he-mo-met-ak'is-is (haemo, meta, 
through, chusis, pouring). Transfusion. 
Haemometer, he-mom'et-ur. Haemadynamometer. 
Haemometra, he-mo-me'trah (haemo, metra, uterus). 
Collection of menstrual blood behind an abnormally 
contracted os uteri, which impedes its discharge. 
Haemometrectasia, he-mo-met-rek-tah'se-ah (haemo, 
metra, uterus, elctasis, dilatation). Dilatation of the 
womb from blood. 
Haemonephrorrha'gia (Jisemo, nephros, kidney, rhage, 
rupture). Excessive renal hemorrhage. 
Haemodphori'tis (haemo, oon, egg, phoreo, to bear). 
Hemorrhagic inflammation of the ovary. 
Hsemopathia, he-mo-path-e'ah (haemo, pathos, affec- 
tion). Haematonosus. 
Haemopathol'ogy (haemo, pathos, disease, logos, de- 
scription). Pathology of blood. 
Haemopericardium, he-mo-per-e-kard'e-um. Effu- 
sion of blood in the pericardium. 
Haemoperitoneum, he-mo-per-e-to-ne'um. Effusion 
of blood into the peritoneal cavity. 
Haemopexiae, he-mo-peks'e-e (haemo, pexis, coagula- 
tion). Diseases in which there is increased coagu- 
lability of the blood. 
Haemophag'ocytes (haema, phago, to eat, kutos, cell). 
White blood-corpuscles. 
Haemopheum, he-mo-fe'um. Haemaphein. 
Haemophilia, he-mo-fil'e-ah. Haematophilia. 
Haemophobia, he-mo-fo'be-ah. Haematophobia. 
Haemoph'oboi, he-mof'o-boi. See Haematophobia. 
Haemophthalmia (he-mof-thal'me-ah) or Haemat- 
ophthal'mia (haemo, ophthalmos, eye). Effusion of 
blood into the eye; extravasation may be external or 
internal; bloodshot eye; condition in which all 
objects appear blood-red. 
Haemoplanesis (he-mo-plan-a'sis) or Haemoplania, 
he-mo-plan'e-ah. Haematoplania. H. menstruaTis, 
menstruation, vicarious. 
Haemoplasma, he-mo-plas'mah. Blood-plasma. 
Haemoplasmo'dium. Plasmodium malariae. 
Haemoplastic, he-mo-plas'tik. Haematoplastic. 
Haemoplethora, he-mo-pleth-o'rah. Plethora. 
Haemopneumothorax, he-mo-nu-mo-tho'raks (haemo, 
pneuma, air, thorax, chest). Pressure or accumulation 
of air or blood in the pleural cavity or elsewhere in 
the chest. 
Haemopoiesis, he-mo-poi-a'sis. Haematopoiesis. 
Haemopoiet'ic. Haematopoietic. 
Haemoposia, he-mo-po'se-ah. Haematoposia. 
Haemoproctia (he-mo-prok'te-ah) or Haemoproc'tos 
(haema, proctos, anus). Discharge of mucus or blood 
from hemorrhoids; haemorrhoids ; rectal hemorrhage. 
Haemoptic, he-mop'tik. Haemoptoic. 
Haemoptoe, he-mop'to-e. Haemoptysis. H. lar- 
ynge'a et trachea'lis, hemorrhage from the larynx 
and trachea. 
Haemoptoic, he-mop'to-ik. Relating or appertain- 
ing to haemoptysis; one affected with haemoptysis. 
H. fe'ver, hemorrhage associated with malarial fever. 
Haemoptosis, he-mop-to'sis. Haemoptysis. 
Haemoptysis, he-mop'tis-is (haema, ptuo, to spit). 
Spitting of blood; hemorrhage from the mucous mem- 
brane of the lungs, characterized by the expectoration 
of more or less florid and frothy blood. It is generally 
preceded by cough, dyspnoea, sense of heat in the chest, 
etc. Constitutional haemoptysis, dependent on or- 
ganic affection of the lungs or heart or some faulty 
conformation of the chest, is a serious disease, almost 
always announcing phthisis pulmonalis. Accidental 
haemoptysis is chiefly dangerous by frequent recur- 
rence, and consequent great loss of blood. The 
general causes of haemoptysis are the same as those 
of other kinds of hemorrhage; it has also particular H/EMOPTYSMUS 
causes, as too great exercise of the lungs, loud speaking, 
playing on wind instruments, breathing acrid vapors, 
etc. It usually occurs between puberty and the age 
of 35. Sudden and terrific haemoptysis is sometimes 
met with, consisting in a great afflux of blood to the 
lungs, when it is called Pulmonary apoplexy or ex- 
travasation. Infiltration of blood into the air-cells 
may occur without any spitting of blood. Extravasa- 
tion of blood into the tissue of the lungs has been 
termed Pneumohemorrhage. The treatment of haemop- 
tysis must be like that of internal hemorrhage in gen- 
eral. H; inter'na, extravasation of blood into the 
chest. H. larynge'a ettrachealis, hemorrhage from 
the trachea. H. phthi'sis, phthisis pulmonalis. 
Haemoptysmus, he-mop-tiz'mus. Haemoptysis. 
Haemormesis, he-mor-ma'sis (haemo, ormao, to drive 
on). Congestion of blood. Hyperaemia. 
Haemorrhachis, he-mor'rhak-is (haemo, rhachis, 
spine). Hemorrhage into the spinal marrow. 
Haem'orrhage. Hemorrhage. H., capillary, 
bleeding from capillary vessels. H., consec'utive, 
secondary hemorrhage. H., postpar'turn, hemor- 
rhage following birth of a child, and coming from 
the uterus. H., unavoidable, hemorrhage due to 
separation of the placenta praevia. 
Haemorrhagia, he-mor-rhaj'e-ah (Aasma, rftejrnwmi, to 
break forth). Hemorrhage, H. acti'va, active hemor- 
rhage. H. acti'va na'rium, epistaxis. H. arterio'sa, 
arterial hemorrhage.. H., asthen'ic or atonic, see 
Hemorrhage. H. bronchlca, bronchorrhagia; hae- 
moptysis. H. cer'ebri, cerebral hemorrhage; apo- 
plexy. H. per cu'tem, sudor cruentus. H. per diae'- 
resin, see Diaeresis. H. per diapede'sin, diapedesis. 
H. fau'cium, stomatorrhagia. H. gas'trica, haematem- 
esis. H. gingiva'rum, hemorrhage of the gums. H. 
haematem'esis, haematemesis. H. haematu'ria, haema- 
turia. H. haemop'tysis, haemoptysis. H. hepatlca or 
hep'atis, hemorrhage from the liver. H. intestino'- 
rum, hemorrhage from the bowels. H. muco'sa, 
leucorrhoea analis. H. Nabo'thl, see Parturition. H. 
narin'ea or na'rium, bleeding at the nose. H. neu- 
raVgica, intense sciatic neuralgia with extravasa- 
tions of blood, result of fatty degeneration and 
atrophy of muscle. H. o'ris, bleeding from the 
mouth. H. passi'va, passive hemorrhage; see Heemor- 
rhagia. H. pe'nis, stimatosis. H. proc'tica, haemor- 
rhois. H. pulmo'nis or pulmonaTis, pulmonary apo- 
plexy ; see Haemoptysis. H. re'num, renal hemorrhge. 
H. spinalis, apoplexia myelitica. H. universalis, 
purpura haemorrhagica. H. uteri'na, uterine hemor- 
rhage. H. veno'sa, passive hemorrhage; see Haemor- 
rhagia. H. ventric'uli, vomiting of blood. H. vesi'- 
cae, cystorrhagia. 
Haemorrhagic, he-mor-rhaj'ik. Hemorrhagic; re- 
lating to hemorrhage. H. diath/esis, haematophilia. 
H. mea'sles, black measles. 
Haemorrhagophthisis, he - mor - rag - of - te' sis. 
Phthisis or wasting from hemorrhage. 
Haemorrhaphilia, he-mor-rhaf-il'e-ah. Haemato- 
philia. 
Haemorrhelcoma, he-mor-rhel-ko'mah (haemo, hel- 
koma, ulcer). Hemorrhoidal ulcer; ulcer attended 
with hemorrhage. 
Haemorrhelcosis, he-mor-rhel-ko'sis. Formation of 
hemorrhoidal ulcer. 
Haemorrhenterorrhoe'a (haimorrhois, hemorrhoid, 
enteron, intestine, rheo, to flow). Diarrhoea from or 
with hemorrhoids. 
Haemorrhinia, he-mor-rhin'e-ah (haemo, rhis, nose). 
Bleeding at the nose; epistaxis. 
Haemorrhinorrhagia, he - mor - rhin - or - rhaj ' e - ah 
(haemo, rhis, nose, rhegnumi, to break forth). Bleeding 
at the nose. 
Haemorrhoblennorrhce'a. Blennorrhcea from or 
with hemorrhoids. 
Haemorrhobronchorrhoe'a. Bronchorrhcea with 
hemorrhoids. 
Haemorrhocryp'ia (haimorrhois, kruptos, hidden). 
Suppression of hemorrhoidal discharge. 
Haemorrhocystorrhoe'a. Cystorrhoea with hemor- 
rhoids. 
510 
HXEMOSI DERIN 
Haemorrhodiarrhoe'a. Haemorrhenterorrhcea. 
Haemorrhoea, he-mor-rhe'ah (hiemo, rheo, to flow). 
Loss of blood; hemorrhage. H. intestina'lis, enter- 
rhorrhagia. H. petechia'lis, purpura haemorrhagica. 
H. pulmona'lis, haemoptysis. H. uteri'na, metror- 
rhagia. H. vaso'rum haemorrhoida'lium, discharge 
of blood or mucus from hemorrhoids. H. ventric'uli, 
gastrorrhagia; haematemesis. H. via'rum urina'rium, 
haematuria. 
Haemorrhoid, he'mor-rhoid. Haemorrhois. 
Haemorrhoidal (he-mor-rhoid'al) or Hemorrhoid'al. 
Eelating to hemorrhoids. H. ar'teries have been dis- 
tinguished into superior, middle, and inferior. First 
is the termination of the inferior mesenteric artery, 
assuming the name superior hemorrhoidal when it 
reaches the upper and posterior part of the rectum. 
Middle hemorrhoidal is furnished by the hypogastric 
or internal pudic; it ramifies on the inferior and an- 
terior part of the rectum. Inferior hemorrhoidal ar- 
teries are branches of the internal pudic, furnished 
to the inferior part of the rectum and the anal mus- 
cles. H. nerves, these emanate from the sciatic and 
hypogastric plexuses, and cover the rectum with their 
numerous filaments. H. plex'us, continuation of pel- 
vic plexus of nerves upon the rectum; anastomosis of 
hemorrhoidal veins over the rectum. H. tu'mors, see 
Hemorrhoids. H. veins follow the same distribution 
as the arteries, and generally empty themselves into 
the lesser mesenteric. Some of them assist in the 
formation of the hypogastric vein. H. ves'sels are 
those distributed to the rectum-the seat of hemor- 
rhoids. 
Haemorrhoidales nodi, he-mor-rho-id-al'ees no'de. 
Blind piles; see Hiemorrhois. 
Hsemorrhoides, hem-or-rho'id-ees. See Hiemorrhois. 
H. cae'cae, blind piles; see Hiemorrhois. H. fluen'tes, 
bleeding piles ; see Hiemorrhois. H. furen'tes, blind 
piles; see Hiemorrhois. H. marisco'sae, bleeding 
piles; see Hiemorrhois. H. non fluen'tes, blind 
piles; see Hiemorrhois. H. o'ris, hemorrhage of the 
mouth. 
Haemorrhoidrosis, hem-or-rho-id-ro'sis (hiemorrhois, 
hidrosis, sweating). Sweating of haemorrhoidal blood. 
Haemorrhoids, hem'or-rhoids. Haemorrhois. H., 
ure'thral, see Urethra, vascular tumor of. 
Haemorrhois, he-mor'rho-is (pl. Haemorrhoides) 
(hiemo, rheo, to flow). Hemorrhoids: haemorrhoids; 
piles. See Hemorrhoids. H. al'ba, leucorrhcea analis. 
H. cae'ca, blind pile; see Hiemorrhois. H. cruen'ta, 
bleeding pile; see Hiemorrhois. H. cuta'nea, ex- 
ternal hemorrhoid; bloody sweat. H. ah exa'nifi, 
prolapse of the rectum. H. flu'ens, bleeding hemor- 
rhoid. H. pro'cedens, prolapse of anus. 
Haemorrhoischesis, he-mor-ro-is'kes-is (hsemorrhois, 
rheo, flow, ischo, to restrain.) Suppression or retention 
of the hemorrhoidal flux. 
Haemorrhometrorrhaea, he-mor-ro-met-ror-rhe'ah. 
Blennorrhoea of the uterus with hemorrhoids. 
Haemorrhonephrorrhoe'a. Eenal blennorrhoea with 
hemorrhoids. 
Haemorrhophesis, he-mor-rof-a'sis (hiema, rhophao, 
to sip up). Absorption of blood. 
Haemorrhophilia, he-mor-ro-fil'e-ah (hiemo, rheo, to 
flow, phileo, to love). Haematophilia. 
Haemorrhoproctorrhcea, he-mor-ro-prok-tor-rhe'ah. 
Hemorrhoidal blennorrhoea. 
Haemorrhoscopia, he-mor-rho-skop'e-ah (hiemo, rheo, 
to flow, skopeo, to examine). Haematoscopia. 
Haemorrhurethrorrhoea, he-mor-rhur-eth-ror-rhe'- 
ah. Urethral blennorrhoea with hemorrhoid. 
Haemorrhysis, he-mor'rhis-is. Hemorrhage. 
Haemoscheocele, he-mos-ke-o-ce'le (Eng. he-mos'ke- 
o-seel). Haematoscheocele. 
Haemoschistocephalus, he-mo-shist-o-sef'al-us 
(hiemo, schistos, cleft, kephale, head). Monster having 
a cleft in the skull. 
Haemoscopia, he-mo-skop'e-ah. Haematoscopia. 
Haemosiderin, he-mo-sid'er-in (hiemo, sideros, iron). 
Pigment containing iron formed on exterior of ex- 
travasated blood while haemoglobin is undergoing 
composition. HXEMOSPASIA 
Hsemospasia (he-mo-spas'e-ah) or Hsemos'pasis. 
See Haemospastic. 
Hsemospastic, he-mo-spas'tik (hsema, spao, to draw). 
An agent which draws or attracts blood to a part, as 
a cupping-glass. The operation is termed Heemospa- 
sia, the term applied to a process by which the air is 
exhausted over a considerable surface, as over the 
extremities, by an appropriate pneumatic apparatus, 
the Haemospastic system. 
Hsemospermatism, he-mo-spurm'at-izm. Forma- 
tion or ejaculation of semen mixed with blood, from 
capillary hemorrhage in the vesiculse seminales from 
over-distension or from excessive coitus or mastur- 
bation. 
Hsemostasia (he-mos-taz'e-ah) or Hsemos'tasis 
(hsema, stasis, stagnation). Stagnation of blood. An 
operation, the object of which is to arrest the flow of 
blood, as by compression or ligation of the great 
vessels. 
Haemostatic, he-mo-stat'ik (same etymon). Any- 
thing that arrests hemorrhage. 
Haemotachometry, he-mo-tak-om'e-tre (heema, ta- 
chos, swiftness, metron, measure). Measurement of the 
velocity of circulating blood. An instrument devised 
for this purpose is called Haemotachometer or Haematach- 
ometer and Tachometer. 
Haemotelangiosls, he-mo-tel-an-je-o'sis. Dilatation 
of capillary vessels; telangiectasis. 
Haemotexia (he-mo-teks'e-ah) or Hsemotex'is, he- 
mo-teks'is (haemo, texts, solution). Dissolution of the 
blood. 
Haemothorax, he-mo-tho'raks. Hsematothorax. 
Haemotoxic, he-mo-toks'ik. Toxaemic. 
Haemotox'is. Blood-poisoning. 
Haemotrophy, he-mot'ro-fe (heema, trophe, nourish- 
ment). Excess of sanguineous nourishment; plethora . 
Haemotus, he-mo'tus (heema, ous, ear). Effusion of 
blood into the ear; haematoma auris. 
Haemotyphenteritis, he-mo-tif-en-ter-e'tis. Typhoid 
inflammation of the bowels. 
Haemuresis (he-mu-re'sis) or Haemuria, he-mu're- 
ah. Haematuria. 
Hae'mydor (heema, hudor, water). Serum of the 
blood. 
Haemydria, he-mid're-ah. Excessive amount of 
water in the blood; hydraemia. 
Haereditarius, her-ed-it-ar'e-us (heeres, heir). He- 
reditary. 
Haered'itas. Heredity. 
Haesitatio, hes-it-ah'she-o (heesito, to stick fast). 
Stuttering; stammering. See Balbuties. 
Hagberry, hag'ber-re. Prunus padus. 
Hagenia (hag-en'e-ah) (after Prof. K. C. Hagen of 
Kbnigsberg) Abyssin'ica. Abyssinian tree, ord. Ro- 
saceae; infusion or decoction of its flowers, Flores 
cosso, is anthelmintic, especially in tapeworm. The 
dried panicles, Bray er a, Koosso, are officinal in the 
Ph. Br. An active resinous principle has been ob- 
tained from the flowers, to which the names Tseniin 
or Teenine and Koussin, Koussein, or Koussine have 
been given. 
Hagiospermum, haj-e-o-spur'mum (hagios, holy, 
sperma, seed). Artemisia santonica. 
Hagioxylum, haj-e-oks'il-um (hagios, holy, xulon, 
wood). Guaiacum. 
Hahnemannism, han'e-mann-izm (after Dr. S. C. F. 
Hahnemann, the founder). Homoeopathy. 
Hair. Pile; conical, corneous substance, free portion 
or shaft, scapus, of which issues to a greater or less dis- 
tance from the skin, to the tissue of which it adheres 
by a bulb or button, bulbus pili, seated in a hair- 
follicle, folliculus pili, made by inversion of the integu- 
ment, the epidermis of which forms a root-sheath, 
vagina pili. At the base of the hair-follicle there is a 
small papilla, well supplied with blood-vessels and 
nerves, papilla pili; at times called, but improperly, 
pulpa or blastema pili. Hair receives various names 
in different parts, as beard, cilia, eyebrows, hair of the 
head (capilli), etc. See Capillus. 
The following measurements and statistical facts 
as to the hair are given by Krause: 
511 
HALFCAST 
Shaft of hair: 0.6 mm.-1.5 in length ; 
0.007-0.17 in transverse diameter. 
The single hair can bear a weight of 60 g. 
Hair-roots of finest hairs 0.4 mm. long. 
" " thicker " 2-4 " " 
Broad. Thick. 
Hair of head 0.05-0.09 mm. 0.04-0.06 mm. 
Beard 0.1-0.2 0.07-0.09 
Cilia, 6-12 long 0.1 0.09 
Vibrissae - 0.13 0.09 
Lanugo 0.0016 0.0012 
Eyebrows, 7-16 long 0.1 0.9 
Total number of hairs on the head 80,000 
" " " rest of the body .... 20,000 
The hair of the head in females'weighs about .... 300 g. 
Life of hairs: 
On the skin of the head 2-4 years 
" margins of the skin of the head 4-9 " 
Cilia 100-150 days (Moll). 
Daily growth of the hair on the head 0.2-0.3 mm. 
When the hair is cut monthly 0.2 " 
When the hair is cut every two months . 14 per cent, less 
In the spring and summer ... 27 per cent, more than 
in the fall and winter. 
Daily loss of hair in men and women 38-103. 
H., aud'itory, delicate nervous fibrils, continuations 
of spindle-shaped nerve-cells at end of vestibular 
nerve. H. bulb, expanded extremity of hair-root on 
papilla of hair-follicle. H. cells, cells with hair-like 
terminations in crista acustica and organ of Corti, 
in internal ear. H. cu'ticle, scales forming outer 
covering of hair. H. epider'mis, H. cuticle. H., 
fall'ing off of, alopecia. H. fol'licle, involution of 
epidermis lodging hair-root; see Hair. H. germ, H. 
papilla. H. glands, sebaceous glands of skin. H., 
hy'pertrophy of, hypertrichosis. H. knob, part of 
old root of hair in hair-follicle. H. li'chen, lichen 
pilaris. H., mat'ted, plica. H., olfac'tory, cilia-like 
projections from free ends of olfactory cells in am- 
phibious animals. H. papil'la, matrix pili. H. pith, 
medulla of hair. H., plait'ed, plica. H., tac'tile, 
hair-like appendages on skin of some animals, con- 
sidered as associated with sense of touch. H., tricho'- 
matose, plica. 
Hair-cap moss. Poly trichum j uniperinum. 
Hair'-salt. Native magnesium sulphate. 
Hair'worm. Seta equina. See Ectozoa. H., mus- 
cular, dracunculus. 
Hairy. Pilous ; covered with hair. 
Hake. See Oleum morrhwe. 
Hal. (hals, salt). In composition, salt. 
Halchemia, hal-kem-e'ah (hal, cheo, to pour out). 
Art of fusing salts. 
Halcyonium rotundum, hal-ce-o'ne-um ro-tun'dum. 
Pila marina. 
Halelseon, hal-el-e'on (hal, elaion, oil). Mixture of 
oil and salt for removing swellings of the joints' 
Half-arches. Pillars of fauces or palate. 
Halfbreed. See Halfcaste. 
Halfcast' or Halfcaste'. See Caste. Term applied 
in India to the offspring of a Hindoo and European ; 
since extended to the offspring of mixed races. The 
subjoined list from Tschudi shows the parentage of 
the different varieties of halfcastes, and also the 
proper designations of the latter, as observed in South 
America: 
Parents. Children. 
White father and Negro mother.... Mulatto. 
White father and Indian mother . . . Meztizo. 
Indian father and Negro mother . . . Chino. 
White father and Mulatta mother . . Cuarteron. 
' Creole (only dis- 
tinguished from 
the white by a 
pale brownish 
complexion). 
White father and Meztiza mother . 
White father and China mother . . . Chino-bianco. 
White father and Cuarterona mother . Quintero. 
White father and Quintera mother . . White. 
Negro father and Mulatta mother . . Zambo-negro. 
Negro father and Meztiza mother . . Mulatto-oscuro. 
Negro father and China mother . . . Zambo-chino. 
Negro father and Zamba mother . . . 
Zambro-negro (per- 
fectly black). 
Negro father and Cuarterona or Quin- 
tera mother 
Indian father and Mulatta mother . . Chino-oscuro. 
f Mulatto (rather 
( dark). Parents. 
HALF-VISION 
Children. 
512 
HAMULUS 
made by the ciliary processes on the anterior surface 
of the vitreous humor. 
Halogen, hal'o-jen (hal, gennao, to generate). Elec- 
tro-negative body, as chlorine, iodine, bromine, fluo- 
rine, forming salts with electro-positive metals. 
Halogenous, hal-oj'en-us (same etymon). Capable 
of forming salts. See Halogen. 
Haloid, hal'oid (hols, salt, eidos, appearance). Salt- 
like ; pertaining to or derived from the halogens. 
Halonii'tis. Cellulitis. 
Halonitrum, hal-o-nit'rum. Halinatrum. 
Halonium, hal-o'ne-um. Areola. 
Halopegae, hal-o-pa'ge (hal, pege, a spring). Mineral 
waters whose chief ingredient is common salt. 
Ha'los. Halo; areola. 
Halucinatio, hal-lu-siu-ah'she-o. Hallucination. 
HaTux. Hallux. 
Halyme'nia cilia'ta and H. edu'lis. Species of 
algae used as food in Ireland and Scotland; the latter 
is also a diuretic and purgative. H. palma'ta is also 
employed as a food and as a vermifuge. 
Halysis, hal'is-is (halusis, chain). Bothriocephalus. 
H. ellip'tica, taenia elliptica. H. la'ta, bothrioceph- 
alus latus. H. margina'ta, taenia marginata. H. 
membrana'cea, bothriocephalus latus. H. so'lium, 
taenia solium. 
Ham. Posterior part of the knee-joint. 
Hamamelidin (ham-am-el'id-in) or Hamame'lin. 
Extract of Hamamelis Virginiana, dried and pow- 
dered ; used for suppositories in piles. 
Hamamelis, ham-am-e'lis (hama, like to, metis, ap- 
pletree). H. androg'yna, H. Carolinia'na, H. cory- 
lifo'lia, H. Virginiana. H. Virginia'na or Virgin'ica, 
TPitcfe hazel, Winter witch hazel, Snapping hazelnut, Win- 
ter bloom; ord. Hamamelaceae. The bark of this 
tree, native of the United States, is somewhat bitter 
and sensibly astringent. Cataplasm of the inner 
rind of the bark is efficacious in painful inflamma- 
tion of the eyes, also in hemorrhoids; it is sedative 
and haemostatic. Hamamelis (Ph. U. S.) is the fresh 
leaves of Hamamelis Virginica. 
Hamarthritis, ham-arth-re'tis (hama, at once). Ar- 
thritis or gout in all the joints. Universal gout. 
Hamate, ha'mate (hamus, hook). Uncinate. 
Hama'tum os (hamus, hook). Unciform bone. 
Hamma, ham'mah (knot). Knot or tie for retain- 
ing a bandage; truss. 
Ham'mer. Malleus. H. cramp, H. palsy. H. 
pal'sy, hephaestic hemiplegia; form of paralysis of 
muscles of the arms and shoulder observed in file- 
forgers, hammersmiths, etc. H., ther'mal, Corrigan's 
button cautery. H. toe, peculiar claw-like condition 
of toe (the second one especially) caused by per- 
manent extension of the first phalanx and flexion of 
second and ungual phalanges, producing an upward 
angle. 
Ham'string muscles and tendons. See Hamstrings. 
Ham'strings. Strings or tendons of the ham. The 
H. muscles are the biceps femoris, whosQ tendon forms 
the outer hamstring, and semimembranosus, semiten- 
dinosus, gracilis, and sartorius, whose tendons form 
the inner hamstring. " To hamstring " means to cut 
the strings or tendons of the ham. 
Hamular, ham'u-lar (hamulus, small hook). Hook- 
like. H. groove, sulcus for passage of tendon of ten- 
sor palati muscle around hamular process of sphenoid 
bone. H. pro'cess, several curved or hook-like pro- 
cesses are so named, as H. process of humerus, projec- 
tion in front of internal condylar ridge of that bone. 
H. process of lacrymal bone passes over the lacrymal 
duct to connect that bone and the sphenoid. H. pro- 
cess of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone or hamulus 
projects from the termination of the internal ptery- 
goid plate. 
Hamularia lymphatica, ham-u-lar'e-ah lim-fat'- 
ik-ah. Curved worm found in the bronchial tube. 
Hamulus, ham'u-lus (dim. of Hamus, hook). Hook 
or crook. Hook-like process; unciform bone. See 
Hamular process. H. cartilaginous, extremity of 
limbus of spiral lamina at helicotrema. H. of coch'- 
lea, H. laminae spiralis; see Hamulus. H. fronta'lis, 
Indian father and Meztiza mother . , 
Meztizo-claro (fre- 
quently very 
beautiful). 
Indian father and China mother . . . Chino-cholo. 
Indian father and Zamba mother . . Zambo-claro. 
Indian father with China-chola mother 
Indian (with ra- 
ther short frizzy 
hair). 
Indian father andCuarterona orQuin- 
tera mother 
Mulatto father and Zamba mother . . 
Meztizo (rather 
brown). 
Zambo (a miserable 
race). 
Mulatto father and Meztiza mother . 
Chino (of rather 
clear complex- 
ion). 
Mulatto father and China mother . . 
Chino (rather 
dark). 
See also Mulatto. Term halfbreed is applied to the 
offspring of different races of men when crossing. 
See Hybrid and Mulatto. 
Half-vision. Hemiopsia. 
Halicacabum, hal-e-kak'ab-um. Physalis. 
Halicore, hal-ik'or-e. Dugong, genus of Cetacea, 
from fat of which a bland oil is obtained, used as a 
substitute for cod-liver oil. 
Halidrys vesiculosa, hal'id-ris ves-ik-u-lo'sah (hals, 
sea, drus, oak). Fucus vesiculosus. 
Halimetry, hal-im'et-re. Measurement of salts. 
Halinatrum (hal-in-at'rum) or Halinitrum, hal- 
in-it'rum (feaZs, salt, natrum, soda). Name given to 
subcarbonate of soda containing a little subcarbon- 
ate of ammonia, found on the plaster of damp walls, 
in places inhabited by man or animals. Potassii 
nitras. 
Halinus, hal-e'nus. Saline. 
Halisteresis, hal-is-ter-a'sis (hals, salt, steresis, pri- 
vation). Change in structure of bones by loss or 
deprivation of salts, leading to osteomalacia. 
Halisteretic, hal-ist-er-et'ik. Relating to softening 
of bones by loss of salts. 
Halituous, hal-it'u-us (halitus, vapor). Covered 
with a gentle moisture. Vapor exhaled in all the 
cavities of the body, so long as the blood is warm, is 
called halitus. Odorous vapor exhaled by the blood 
itself while warm is called halitus sanguinis. 
Halitus, hal'it-us (vapor). Breath. See Halituous. 
H. o'ris foet'idus, breath, offensive. H. san'guinis, 
gas arising from fresh blood ; see Halituous. 
Haller's net'work. Rete testis. H.'s zones, coni 
vasculosi. 
Hallex, hal'leks (hallomai, to leap). Thumb. See 
Digitus. 
Hall's (Dr. Marshall) ready method. See Drown- 
ing, resuscitation from. 
Hallucal, hal-iu'k'l. Relating to the big toe. 
Hallucinatio, hal-lu-sin-ah'she-o (hallucinari, to be 
deceived). Hallucination. H. hypochondri'asis, 
hypochondriasis. H. ver'tigo, vertigo. 
Hallucination, hal-lu-sin-a'shun. Waking dream, 
phantasm. Morbid error in one or more of the senses. 
Perception of objects which do not in fact exert any 
impression on the external senses. This almost always 
depends on disorders of the brain, but is not an index 
of insanity unless the patient believes in the exist- 
ence of the subject of the hallucination. H., hyp- 
notic, hallucination of person subjected to hypnotic 
influence. 
Halins (hallus) or Hallux, hal'luks (hallomai, to 
leap). Great toe. Pollex or pollex pedis. H. fiex'us 
or rigldus, abnormal flexion of first phalanx of 
great toe, the second phalanx being extended. H. 
val'gus, dislocation of great toe in outward direc- 
tion. H. va'rus, pigeon-toe; deviation or dislocation 
of great toe inward. 
Halmyrodes, hal-mir'o-dees (halmuros, saltish). 
Term for affection in which the heat feels pungent 
under the finger. 
Halmyrus, hal'me-rus. Saline. 
Halo (halos, circle). Areola of nipple. Circle 
observed in a flame by one laboring under incipi- 
ent glaucoma, or around the yellow spot with the in- 
verted image. H. signa'tus, impression of a circle HAMUS 
alar process of ethmoid. H. lacryma'lis, see Hamular 
process. H. lam'inse spira'lis, pointed, hook-like 
process at apex of cochlea, terminating lamina spi- 
ralis. H. os'sis hama'ti, unciform process. H. os'- 
sis lacryma'lis, see H. process. H. os'sis uncina'ti, 
unciform process. H. palati'nus, curved extremity 
of inferior turbinate bone, forming joint with palate 
bone. H. pterygoi'deus, see Hamular process. H. 
of spi'ral lam'ina, H. lamin® spiralis. H. trochlea'- 
ris, spinous process on orbital surface of frontal bone 
for the attachment of the pulley of the trochlearis 
muscles. H. uncifor'mis or uncina'tus, unciform 
process of ethmoid bone. 
Ha'mus. Hook. See Hamulus. H. anatom'icus, 
tenaculum. 
Ha'my, plane of. Horizontal plane passing 
through glabella and lambda. 
Han'cock's amputa'tion. Modification of sub- 
astragaloid amputation, the tuberosity of the calcis 
being saved and turned up to be united to the lower 
surface of the astragalus, from which a slice of bone 
is taken. 
Hand. See Manus. H., chol'era, see Cholera hand. 
H., club, see Kyllosis. 
Hand-drop. Wrist-drop; popular term for paral- 
ysis of the hand induced by the action of lead. 
Han'dle of malTeus. Process of that bone con- 
necting it with the membrana tympani. 
Hand'woman. Midwife. 
Han'gee. Pinella tuberifera. 
Hang'ers. Crusta genu equin®. Laminaria digi- 
tata. 
Hang'nail. Stepmother's blessing, Wirt-springs, Nail- 
spring, Spring-nail, Hang-nail, Friend-back, Back-friend. 
Portion of epidermis, detached so as to tear the in- 
tegument in the vicinity of the finger-nails. 
Hapantismus, hap-an-tiz'mus (hapas, all). Matting 
or growing together of organic parts. 
Haphe, haf'e. Feeling, touch. 
Haphemet'ric. Relating to measurement of tactile 
sensibility. 
Haphonosi (haf-on'o-se) or Haphonu'si {haphe, 
nosos, disease). Diseases of the sense of touch. 
Haphonosus, haph-on'o-sus (same etymon). An- 
esthesia. 
Haplancyloblepharon, hap-lan-sil-o-blef'a-ron {hap- 
los, simple, ankulos, bent or stiff, blepharon, eyelid). 
Adhesion between upper and lower eyelids; ankylo- 
blepharon. 
Haplo-acne, hap-lo-ak'ne {haplos, simple, acne). 
Acne simplex; herpes pustulosus miliaris. 
Haploblepharoclei'sis {haplos, simple, blepharon, 
eyelid, kleisis, closing). Ankyloblepharon. 
Haplodermitis, hap-lo-dur-me'tis {haplos, simple, 
derma, skin). Simple inflammation of the skin. 
Haploli'chen. Lichen simplex. 
Haplopap'pus discoi'deus or Menzies'ii. Leaves 
of this Mexican plant, Damiana, ord. Composite, are 
used in fomentations in rheumatism. 
Haplopathia, hap-lo-path-e'ah {haplos, simple, 
pathos, disease). A simple uncomplicated affection. 
Haplophyma, hap-lo-fe'mah {haplos, simple, phuma, 
growth). Simple tumor. 
Haploscope, hap'lo-skope {haplos, simple, skopeo, to 
see). Apparatus for blending two separate fields of 
vision into one; stereoscope. 
Haplotomia, hap-lo-tom'e-ah {haplos, simple, tome, 
incision). Simple incision. 
Hap'sis. Touch; delirium; bandaging. 
Hap'tic. Relating to touch; tactile. 
Haptodysphoria, hap-to-dis-for'e-ah {hapto, to touch, 
dusphoros, difficult to bear). Painful or sensitive to 
the touch. 
Haptogen (hap'to-jen) or Haptog'enous membrane 
{hapto, to attach, gennao, to engender). Pellicle 
forming around fatty matter when albumen is brought 
in contact with it. 
Haptotic, hap-tot'ik {hapto, to touch). Doctrine of 
the phenomena of touch. 
Hara keke. Phormium tenax; native flax of New 
Zealand; root is anthelmintic and cathartic; the gum 
513 
HASHISH 
is used in diarrhoea and as a dressing to wounds and 
abrasions. 
Hard. That which offers much resistance. In 
anatomy, the hard parts are those composing the os- 
seous basis of the body, the skeleton. H. pal'ate, 
anterior or bony part of septum between cavity of 
mouth and nasal fossae. 
Hardening. Induration; sclerosis. 
Harde'rian gland. Eudimentary glands in inner 
canthus of the eye, resembling the lacrymal gland. 
Hard'hack. Spiraea tomentosa. 
Hard'tack. Army and navy bread, baked without 
salt and kiln-dried. 
Harebell. Campanula rotundifolia. Emetic and 
expectorant. 
Hare'lip. Fissure or perpendicular division of one 
or both lips; so called because the upper lip of the 
hare is thus divided. It is generally congenital, at 
other times accidental, or produced by a wound the 
edges of which have not been brought into proper 
contact. It is simple when there is but one division; 
double, when there are two; complicated, when 
there is also a division or cleft of the superior maxil- 
lary bone and of the palate- Cleft, Split, or Fissured 
palate, Wolf's jaw-or a projection of the teeth into the 
separation of the lip. In the operation for harelip 
there are two indications to be fulfilled: first, to 
pare with the knife or scissors the edges of the cleft, 
and afterward preserve them in contact in order to 
cause adhesion. Staphylorraphy, or operation for 
closure of the palate, may also be required. H. su'- 
ture, figure-of-8 suture applied over and around a 
pin which has been passed through the freshened 
edges of the harelip. 
Hare's ear. Bupleurum rotundifolium. H.'s eye, 
lagophthalmia. 
Harlequin foetus, harl'e-kwin fe'tus. Foetus born 
with peculiar skin of keratoma diffusum or congeni- 
tal ichthyosis. 
Har'ley's disease. Paroxysmal hsemoglobinuria. 
Harmalia, har-mal'e-ah. Aliment. 
Harmaline, har'mal-een. Alkaloid obtained from 
seeds of Peganum harmala; used for dyeing. 
Harmine, har'meen. Alkaloid from Peganum har- 
mala. 
Harmony (har'mo-ne) or Harmo'nia. Suture by 
harmony, or simply harmony, False or Superficial 
suture. Immovable articulation, in which the depres- 
sions and eminences presented by the bony surfaces 
are but slightly marked, appearing as if the junction 
of the bones took place by simple apposition of their 
surfaces; as in the union of the superior maxillary 
bones with each other. 
Har'mos or Harmus, har'mus (haro, to adjust). 
Articulation; harmony; suture. 
Harp'aga. Forceps. Amber. 
Harpalyce alba, harp-al'is-e al'bah. Prenanthes 
alba. 
Harpoon, har-poon'. Instrument for seizing a par- 
ticle of tissue for microscopic examination. 
Harp'yia (harpy). Monstrous foetus. 
Harrison's groove. Depression sometimes noticed 
above the anterior insertion of the diaphragm in 
chronic dyspnoea. 
Hart's thorn. Ehamnuscatharticus. H.'s tongue, 
Asplenium scolopendrium. H.'s truffles, Elaphom- 
yces granulatus. 
Hartshorn, harts'horn. Cornu cervi; liquor cornu 
cervi. H. and oil, linimentum ammoniac. H., red, 
spiritus lavandulae compositus. H., salt of, see Am- 
monii carbonas. 
Hart'wort of Marseilles. Seseli tortuosum. 
Har'vest bug. Leptus irritans. H. mite, H. bug. 
Haschischin (hash-ish'in) or Hashiscin. Alcoholic 
resinous extract from Indian hemp. 
Hashabi. Kordofan gum, finest commercial vari- 
ety of gum arabic. 
Hasheesh, Haschisch (hash'ish), Hashish, or 
Hashisha. Dried leaves and stalks of Cannabis 
sativa with dried fruits. 
Hash'ish. Haschisch. HASNER'S VALVE 
Hasner's valve. Crescentic fold of mucous mem- 
brane at lower aperture of nasal duct. 
Hassall's cor'puscles. Striated granular corpus- 
cles in interior of thymus gland. 
Hasta, has'tah (spear). Penis; obstetric perforator. 
H. nuptia'lis, penis. H. viri'lis, penis. 
Hastella, has-tel'lah (dim. of Hasta). Splint. 
Hastula regis, has'tu-lah re'jis. Asphodelus ramo- 
sus. 
Hatch or Hatching. Issuing from the egg, as with 
the oviparous animal after incubation. 
Hat'ter' s consumption. Pulmonary disease caused 
by inhalation of particles of fur, dust, etc. in making 
hats, or of the chemicals, such as mercury, arsenic, or 
nitrogen tetroxide, employed. 
Haunch. Region of the trunk formed by the 
lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip-joint, in- 
cluding the soft parts. In women, on account of the 
greater width of the pelvis, the haunches are more 
prominent than in men. H. bone, ilium. 
Haustellate, haus-tel'late (haurio, to drink up). Epi- 
thet for the structure of the mouth, as in insects, for 
drinking or pumping up liquids. 
Haustra coll, haus'tra ko'le (haustrum, a bucket). 
Saccules of the colon. 
Haustus, haust'us (haurio, to drink). Draught. 
Liquid medicine, which can be taken at a draught. 
H. ni'ger (black draught), infusum sennse. 
Haut mal, ho mal (F.) (great disease). Epilepsy. 
Ha'ver. Avena. 
Haversian (hav-ur'se-an) canals (after Dr. Clopton 
Havers). Canals, nutritive, of bones. H. cancel'll, 
H. spaces. H. fringes, vascular duplications of artic- 
ular synovial membranes. H. glands, H. fringes. 
H. lamel'lse, lamellae around the canals of Havers. H. 
spaces, cavities in spongy substance of bones. H. 
sys'tem, whole apparatus named from Havers, includ- 
ing cancelli, canals, lamellae, and spaces. 
Haw. Avena sativa. H., black, Virburnum pruni- 
folium. 
Hawk'ing. Effort to clear up the throat by forced 
expiratory effort. 
Hawknut. Bunium bulbocastanum. 
Hawkweed. Hieracium venosum. 
Hawthorn. Mespilus oxyacantha. 
Hay asthma. Fever, hay. H., camel's, Junctus 
odoratus. H. fe'ver, fever, hay. 
Hayem's cor'puscles. See Blood, globules of. H.'s 
hse'matoblast, see Blood, globules of. 
Hayriff. Galium aparine. 
Hazel, beaked or crooked. Corylus rostrata. H., 
Crot'tle's, Lichen pulmonarius. H. nut (snapping), 
Hamamelis Virginiana. H. nut tree, Corylus avel- 
lana. H. rag, Lichen pulmonarius. H., witch, Ham- 
amelis Virginiana. Sorbus aucuparia. 
Ha'zelra or Ha'zelraw. Lichen pulmonarius. 
Head (from a Saxon word meaning heaved or 
heaved up). The head forms the upper extremity 
of the body, and tops the skeleton; it consists of 
the cranium and face. The first, comprising the 
superior and posterior part, has the encephalon in 
its cavity; the latter forms only the anterior part, 
and serves as a receptacle for the greater part of 
the organs of the senses. Rounded end of a bone or 
organ, as H. of epididymis, H. of femur, H. of radius, 
H. of ulna, etc. H., big, osteoporosis of maxillary 
bones of horses. H., black, comedo; acne punctata. 
H. of mus'cle, extremity of muscle at its origin. H. 
of pan'creas, duodenal extremity of that organ, 
Caput pancreatis. H. of pe'nis, glans penis. H. scald, 
eczema, pityriasis, or seborrhoea of the scalp. H. swell, 
actinomycosis. H., wa'ter in the, hydrocephalus. 
Headache, hed'ake. Pain in the head; see Cephaleea, 
Cephalalgia, Hemicrania. Papaver rhceas, Cardamine 
pratensis. H., intermit'tent, cephalalgia periodica. 
H., sick, cephalaea spasmodica. 
Head-breeze. Static electrization of the head with 
a head-plate. 
Head-drop. Endemic disease of Japan, attended 
with heaviness of the head, slow speech, muscular 
debility, or partial paralysis. 
514 
HEART 
Head-first la'bor. Presentation of the head in 
labor. 
Head-fold. Duplication or fold of blastoderm under 
upper extremity of embryo. 
Head-gut. Cavity in the raised cephalic extremity 
of the foetus. 
Head-last la'bor. Presentation of the foetus in 
such a position that the head emerges last. 
Head-lock'ing. Locking together of chins of twins, 
in labor, when presenting in opposite directions. 
Head-mould. Cranium. 
Headmould-shot. Condition of the skull in which 
the bones ride, or are shot, over each other at the 
sutures. 
Head-piece. Upper enlarged extremity of a rod of 
Corti. 
Head-plate. Part of middle germ-layer constitut- 
ing head of the embryo; top of inner rod of Corti pro- 
longed. 
Head'y. Affecting the head; that which affects 
the head and inebriates readily, as alcoholic drinks. 
Heal. To cure or make healthy. 
Healall. Collinsonia Canadensis, Prunella vulgaris, 
Scrophularia nodosa, Valeriana officinalis. 
HeaVing. Curative; see Intention. H. art, medi- 
cine. H. blade, Sempervivum tectorum, Plantago 
major. H. piece, see Touch, royal. 
Health, helth. Condition in which the functions 
are performed with regularity and harmony. 
Health'ful. Promoting health. 
Health'y. Salutary; not diseased. H. pus, laud- 
able pus; see Pus. 
Hear'ing. Sense of perception and appreciation 
of sound. H., abnor'mal, hyperacusis; paracusis; 
diplacusis. H., double, diplacusis. H., hard'ness of, 
deafness. H., monau'ral or uniau'ral, appreciation 
of sound by one ear only. H., mor'bid, morbid para- 
cusis. H., perverse', paracusis perversa. 
Heart. See Cardiac. Azygous muscle, of an irreg- 
ularly pyramidal shape, situate obliquely and a little 
to the left side in the chest; resting on the dia- 
phragm by one of its surfaces; suspended by its base 
from the great vessels; free and movable in the rest 
of its extent, and surrounded by the pericardium. 
The right side of the body of the heart is thin and 
sharp, the left is thick and round. It is hollow 
within, and contains four cavities, two of which, 
with thinner and less fleshy walls, receive the blood 
from the lungs and the rest of the body, and pour it 
into two others with thick and very fleshy parietes, 
which send it to the lungs and to every part of the 
body. Of these cavities, the former are called auri- 
cles, the latter ventricles. The right auricle and right 
ventricle form the pulmonic or right or anterior heart; 
the left auricle and ventricle, the systemic, corporeal, 
left, or aortic heart. In the adult these are totally dis- 
tinct from each other, being separated by a partition, 
the septum cordis. Into the right auricle the venae 
cavae, superior and inferior, and the coronary vein 
open. The pulmonary artery arises from the right 
ventricle (see Conus arteriosus) ; the four pulmonary 
veins open into the left auricle, and the aorta arises 
from the left ventricle. 
The mean weight of the adult heart is, according 
to Bouillaud, from eight to nine ounces. The heart is 
covered externally by a very thin, membranous reflec- 
tion from the pericardium. The muscular structure of 
the heart is much thicker in the parietes of the ventri- 
cles than in those of the auricles. Its cavities are 
lined by a very delicate membrane, the endocardium, 
continuous with the inner membrane of the arteries 
as regards the left cavities, and with that of the veins 
as regards the right. Its arteries, the coronary, arise 
from the commencement of the aorta. Its nerves pro- 
ceed chiefly from the pneumogastric and the cervical 
ganglions of the great sympathetic. The heart is the 
great agent of the circulation; by its contraction the 
blood is sent over every part of the body. 
When the ear is applied to the chest a dull, length- 
ened sound is heard, synchronous with the arterial 
pulse. This is instantly succeeded by a sharp, quick HEART 
sound, like that of the valve of a bellows or the lap- 
ping of a dog, and this is followed by a period of 
repose. Different views are entertained as to the 
causes of these sounds of the heart, which are evi- 
dently produced by contraction of the ventricles and 
consequent tension of the auriculo-ventricular valves, 
by reflux of blood against the semilunar valves, etc. 
The word lubb-dup conveys a notion of the two 
sounds. The beating or impulse of the heart, heart- 
stroke, apex-beat, against the parietes of the chest, is 
mainly caused by the systole of the heart tending to 
project it forward. 
The valves of the heart are situated as follows: 
Aortic, opposite third intercostal space on left side, 
close to the sternum; pulmonary, opposite junction 
of third rib with sternum; mitral, opposite third 
intercostal space, an inch to left of sternum; aortic, 
behind middle of sternum at level of fourth rib. 
The following table exhibits the different actions 
of the heart and their coincidence with its sounds 
and impulse. It presumes that the period from the 
commencement of one pulsation to that of another is 
divided into eight parts; and if the case of a person 
whose pulse beats sixty times in a minute be taken, 
each part will represent the eighth of a second: 
Last part of the pause . . . 1 . . Auricles contracting; ven- 
tricles distended. 
First sound and impulse . .4. . Ventricles contracting; au- 
ricles dilating. 
Second sound2. .Ventricles dilating; auri- 
cles dilating. 
Pause1. .Ventricles dilating; auri- 
cles distended. 
The duration of systole and diastole may be thus 
tabulated from various authorities: 
Systole of ventricles . . 0.314 (0.301-0.327) second (Donders). 
0.307-0.311 " (Landois). 
0.309-0.346 " (Mareyj. 
Diastole of ventricles0.58 " (Landois) 
[74.2 heart-beats]. 
Pause0.4 second (Landois). 
Systole of auricles0.17 " (Landois) 
[60 pulse-beats 
per minute]. 
about 0.1 second (Marey). 
Diastole of auricles . . . about 0.4-0.5 
Duration of beat of heart . . 0.809 seconds [74.2 heart- 
beats per minute]. 
Heart, at'rophy of. A condition of the heart in 
which there is diminution in the thickness of the 
parietes of the whole organ. H., beat'ing of, see 
Heart. H., black, Vaccinium myrtillus. H., bleed- 
ing, Cheiranthus cheiri. H., bone of, a piece of fibro- 
cartilage, when ossified, behind the aortic orifice and 
between the two auriculo-ventricular openings. H., 
bran'chial, heart, as in fishes, in which aeration of 
the blood takes place in gills in the absence of pulmo- 
nary structures. H. clot, see Polypus. H., diece'Hous, 
heart having two cavities, an auricle and a ventricle. 
H., dilatation of, see Aneurism. H., displace'ment of, 
see Ectopia cordis and Cardiocele. H., fatty, steatosis 
cordis. H., fatty degeneration of, steatosis cordis; 
see Degeneration. H., fi/broid degeneration of, see 
Degeneration. H., foetal, see Foetus and Circulation, 
foetal. H., hypertrophy of, supernutrition of the 
muscular parietes of the heart, which are thicker than 
usual, the cavities being generally diminished. The 
pulse is generally strong, full, and hard. Concentric 
hypertrophy of the heart is when the parietes augment 
at the expense of the cavities. H., hypertrophy 
with dilatation of the, active aneurism, eccentric 
hypertrophy. Pulsations can be seen and felt over a 
larger space, and the apex is more to the left and 
lower down than natural. Impulse is less steady, but 
at times more violent, than that accompanying simple 
hypertrophy. The pulse is strong, full, and vibratory. 
Shock of the heart's action is often transmitted to 
the whole person and to the bed on which the 
patient is lying. H., impulse of the, see Heart. 
H., ir'ritable, condition of the heart, noticed espe- 
cially in the army in actual service, and characterized 
by palpitation, cardiac pain, rapid pulse, shortness of 
515 
HEAT 
breath, sometimes headache, dizziness, etc. H. lymph 
or lymphat'ic, muscular sacs in reptiles connected 
with lymphatics at their point of entrance into the 
veins. H. mur'murs are produced by the blood pass- 
ing over roughened endocardium, or through con- 
stricted heart orifices, or by valvular insufficiency, 
allowing the blood to regurgitate. H., neural'gia 
of, angina pectoris. H., pul'monary, right side or 
cavities of the heart. H., rup'ture of, laceration of 
the heart; see Cardiorrhexis. H., sounds of, see Heart. 
H., spasm of, palpitation ; angina pectoris. H. stroke, 
see Heart. H., system'ic, left side or cavities of the 
heart. H., tobac'co, irritable condition of the heart 
from use or abuse of tobacco. H., tricoe'lious or tri- 
partite, heart with three cavities, two auricles and a 
ventricle. H., valves of, see Heart. 
Heart'burn. Cardialgia. 
Heart's ease. Polygonum persicaria, Viola tricolor, 
Cheiranthus cheiri. 
Heart'scald. Cardialgia. 
Heart'seed. Cardiospermum heliocacabum. 
Heart'wort. Laserpitium album. 
Heat. Material cause producing sensation, or the 
particular sensation itself, produced by a body of an 
elevated temperature on our organs, especially on the 
organs of touch. The name caloric is given to the prin- 
ciple, whatever its nature, which is the cause of heat. 
When we touch a body of a temperature superior to 
our own, a portion of caloric passes from the body to 
the hand, and produces the sensation of heat. If, on 
the contrary, we touch a body of a temperature infe- 
rior to our own, we communicate a portion of our 
caloric to it, and experience the sensation of cold. 
The terms calory and unit of heat or thermal unit have 
been given to the quantity of heat required to raise 
a kilogramme of water one degree centigrade. The 
chief instrument used in medicine for measuring heat 
is the thermometer. Of this three kinds are em- 
ployed : that of Fahrenheit, of Reaumur, and of Cel- 
sius, or the centigrade. The varying temperature, as 
indicated by the thermometer-thermometry or clin- 
ical thermometry-is a valuable element of diagnosis 
in morbid conditions. See Thermometer. 
The normal temperature of the body may be re- 
garded as on an average from 98° to 100°. Blood of 
the right side of the heart is slightly hotter than that 
of the left; the highest temperature observed is where 
the suprahepatic veins empty their blood into the 
vena cava ascendens. See Animal heat. 
The human body can bear a high degree of heat 
diffused in the atmosphere. There are cases on record 
where air of 400° and upward of Fahrenheit's scale 
has been breathed with impunity for a short time. 
It can likewise withstand very severe cold. In the 
Arctic regions the thermometer was as low as - 70° of 
F., and Sir George Simpson affirms that it has fallen 
in Siberia to - 83°, or 115° below the freezing-point. 
Excessive heat disposes the body to gastric and in- 
testinal diseases, and particularly to inflammation 
and enlargement of the liver; hence the frequency 
of such affections within the torrid zone. Heat is 
often used therapeutically: the actual cautery, at a 
white heat, disorganizes the parts to which it is ap- 
plied ; a lesser degree occasions violent inflammation. 
Heat higher than that of the human body is excit- 
ant ; of a lower degree, sedative. Excessive cold acts 
as a powerful sedative, inducing sleep, the tendency 
to which, after long exposure, becomes irresistible. 
Many topical applications, as cataplasms, act wholly 
by virtue of their warmth and moisture. 
Heat also denotes the rut of animals, periodical 
sexual desire experienced by them. (Estruation. 
Heat, ac'rid, see Acrid. H., an'imal, see Animal 
heat. H. ap'oplexy or asphyx'ia, see Sunstroke. H., 
atom'ic, quantity of heat necessary to raise the tem- 
perature of an atom 1° C. H., inter'nal, sensation of 
heat felt by the patient, but not sensible to the touch; 
external heat is that which can be felt by others. Heat 
is called moist when accompanied with moisture, like 
that felt after bathing; dry, when the skin has not its 
ordinary softness. It is called acrid and pungent when HEAT-GIVERS 
it conveys a disagreeable tingling co the fingers; ner- 
vous and erratic when coming by flushes, alternating 
with chills, and moving rapidly from one part to 
another. Septic heat produces a pungent sensation 
on the hand, similar to that of acrid heat, but is 
milder and more uniform, and accompanied with fee- 
bleness and frequency of pulse, etc. H., la'tent, heat 
taken into a substance without increasing its temper- 
ature. H., prick'ly, lichen tropicus. H., specific, 
quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 
a given quantity of a substance to a certain higher 
temperature. H., u'nit of, see Heat. H., vi'tal, see 
Animal heat. 
Heat-givers. See Aliment. 
Heath or Heath'er. Erica vulgaris. 
Heatophonics, he-at-o-fon'iks (heautou, of himself, 
phone, voice). Autophonia. 
Heat'stroke. Sunstroke. 
Heaves. Broken wind; asthmatic condition of 
horses. 
Heaviness. Somnolency. 
Heaving, he'ving. Vomiturition, or effort at vomit- 
ing ; swelling movement of the chest. 
Heavy, hev'e. Having sensation of weight or 
heaviness; pregnant. H. spar, sulphate of barium. 
Hebdomadal (heb-dom'ad-al) cycle (hebdomas, week). 
Period of seven days or years, which, according to 
some, controls the phenomena of animal life. H. 
fe'ver, malarial fever with paroxysms occurring once 
a week. 
Hebdomadaria, heb-dom-ad-ar'e-ah. Hebdomadal 
or septan fever. 
He'be. Goddess of puberty; first hair on the 
pubes; pubic region; puberty. 
Hebenon, heb'en-on. See Nicotiana tabacum. 
Hebephrenia, heb-e-fren'e-ah (hebe, puberty, phren, 
mind). Insanity of age of puberty. 
Heberden's (heb'er-den's) disease. Rheumatic 
condition of the fingers, accompanied with nodules 
or small lumps near their extremities. 
Hebeter (heb-e'ter) or Hebetes, heb-e'tes. Ado- 
lescence. 
Hebetic, he-bet'ik (hebe, puberty). Relating to 
puberty. 
Heb'etude. Dulness of intellect; moderate stupor. 
Hebetudo (heb-e-tu'do) an'imi (hebes, dull). Im- 
becility ; dulness of intellect. H. au'ris, dulness of 
hearing. H. den'tium, great sensibility of the teeth, 
especially to acid food. H. men'tis, dulness of intel- 
lect. H. vis'us, dulness of vision; amblyopia; asthen- 
opia ; caligo. 
Hebradendron (heb-ra-den'dron) cambogioi'des. 
See Cambogia. 
He'bra's disease. Polymorphous erythema. H.'s 
pityri'asis, chronic pityriasis rubra. H.'s pruri'go, 
true idiopathic prurigo. 
Hecatonia (hek-a-to'ne-ah) palus'tris (hekaton, a 
hundred). Ranunculus sceleratus. 
Hecatophylla, hek-at-o-fil'lah (hekaton, a hundred, 
phullon, leaf). Rosa centifolia. 
Hecteus, hek'te-us. Greek measure containing 
about 72 chopines or pints. 
Hectic, hek'tik (hexis, habit). Relating or apper- 
taining to the constitution or habit. H. fe'ver (hexis, 
habit of body, because in this disease every part of 
the body is emaciated), slow, continued, or remit- 
tent fever, generally accompanying the end of or- 
ganic affections, and esteemed idiopathic, although 
probably always symptomatic. It is the fever of irri- 
tation and debility, with progressive emaciation, fre- 
quent pulse, hot skin, especially of the palms of the 
hands and soles of the feet, and, toward the end, 
colliquative sweats and diarrhoea. Being sympto- 
matic, it can only be removed by getting rid of the 
original affection, which is often impossible. 
Hectica, hek'tik-ah. Hectic fever. H. infan'tilis, 
fever, infantile remittent. 
Hecticopyra (hek-tik-op'ir-ah) or Hecticopyr'etos, 
hek-tik-op-ir'et-os (hectic, pur, fire or fever). Hectic 
fever. 
Hecticus, hek'tik-us. Hectic. 
516 
I HEDYSMA 
Hectlsis, hek'tis-is. State of those having hectic 
fever. 
Hectogramme, hek'to-gram (hekaton, hundred). 
Measure of 100 grammes-i.e. 3 ounces 1 drachm and 
44 grains, Troy. 
Hectolitre, hek'to-le-t'r. Measure containing 100 
litres or 26.42 wine pints. 
Hectometre, hek'to-me-t'r (hekaton, hundred, met r on, 
measure). Measure of 100 metres, or 109 yards 1 foot 
1 inch. 
Hedeoma (hed-e-o'mah) or H. pulegioi'des (hedus, 
agreeable). Pennyroyal, Tickweed, Stinking balm, Squaw- 
mint. Nat. ord. Lahiatae. Indigenous plant with 
widely-diffusing perfume, employed in the same cases 
as the mints and the English pennyroyal; in popular 
practice emmenagogue and a remedy for colds. Oleum 
hedeomw (Ph. U. S.), Oil of hedeoma or of pennyroyal, is 
used as a stimulating carminative, dropped on sugar. 
Dose, 2 to 6 drops. 
Hedera arborea, hed'er-ah ar-bo're-ah. H. helix. 
Ord. Araliaceaj. Taste of ivy leaves is hitter, styptic, 
and nauseous. They have been used as an application 
to running sores and to keep issues open, also to 
burns. Berries were supposed by the ancients to 
have an emetic and purgative quality, and a watery 
extract was made from them. From the stalk of the 
tree a resinous juice exudes, in warm climates, called 
Gummi heder as, Ivy gum, possessed of tonic and astrin- 
gent properties. H. quinquefoTia, Ampelopsis quin- 
quefolia. H. terres'tris, Glechoma hederacea. 
Hederia, hed-e're-ah. Ivy gum. 
Hederine, hed'er-een. Alkaloid from seeds of 
Hedera helix. 
Hederula, hed-er'u-lah. Glechoma hederacea. 
Hedge garTic. Alliaria. H. hys'sop, gratiola. H. 
must'ard, alliaria; Sisymbrium officinale. H. nettle, 
Stachys palustris. 
Hedonism, hed'on-ism (hedone, pleasure). Mental 
peculiarity as to irrational pursuit of pleasure. 
Hedra, hed'rah (hedra, vestige, seat). Seat. Fracture 
of the hones of the cranium in which the trace of the 
fracturing instrument is still perceptible; term vari- 
ously used to signify the anus, the breech, excrement, 
a privy, a night-chair, and the bottom of an abscess. 
Hedrocele, hed-ro-se'le (Eng. hed'ro-seel) (hedra, 
kele, tumor). Proctocele; ischiatic or rectal hernia. 
Hedrosyrinx, hed-ro-sir'inks (hedra, anus, surinx, 
pipe or fistula). Anal fistula. 
Hedwigia balsamifera, hed-wig'e-ah bal-sam-if'er- 
ah. Tree of W. Indies and Mexico, ord. Burceracese. 
Extract of hark of the root contains a resin and an 
alkaloid, resembling in action curare. The resinous 
extract is used like copaiba; bark is antiperiodic. 
He'dy (hedus, sweet). In composition, sweet, agree- 
able. 
Hedychroum, hed-ik'ro-um (hedy, chroa, color). 
Remedy of a pleasant color, as troches. 
Hedyosmum arborescens, hed-e-oz'mum ar-bor-es'- 
sens. Grows in Jamaica; stomachic and antispas- 
modic. H. Bonplandian'um, shrub used as febri- 
fuge in Brazil. H. nu'tans, mountain cigar-bush, 
has similar properties. 
Hedyotis Americana, hed-e-o'tis am-er-ik-an'ah. 
Mexican plant having astringent root. H. auricula'- 
ria, E. Indian species; employed in deafness, and its 
leaves as emollient dressing. H. umbella'ta, Indian 
madder; leaves are expectorant; employed in asthma 
and phthisis. 
Hedyphonia, hed-e-fo'ne-ah (hedy, phone, voice). 
Sweetness of voice. 
Hedypneustus, hed-e-nuse'tus (hedy, pneo, to 
breathe). Breathing sweetly or softly; smelling 
sweetly; having sweet breath. 
Hedypnois taraxacum, hed-ip'no-is tar-aks'ak-um 
(hedy, pneo, from its scenting the breath). Leonto- 
don taraxacum. 
Hedysarum (hed-is'ar-um) alha'gi (hedus, sweet). 
Alhagi camelorum; grows in Persia, and supplies alhagi 
manna. H. alpi'num, species used in Asia in dys- 
entery and hsematemesis. 
Hedysma, hed-is'mah. Condiment. HEEL 
Heel. See Calcaneum. H., club'foot, see Kyllosis. 
Heel'string. Achillis tendo. 
Hegar's operation. Battey's operation. H.'s sign 
of preg'nancy, detecting through the rectum softness 
or compressibility of the lower part of the womb, from 
thinning of that part of the organ immediately above 
the cervix. 
Heidenheim's dem'ilunes. Crescentic masses of 
small cells contiguous to acini of sublingual gland 
in the cat and dog. 
Height. Stature; crisis; period of greatest devel- 
opment, as of fevers. 
Hei'mia salicylifo'lia or syphilitica. Decoction 
of leaves of this plant of Mexico and parts of South 
America is sudorific and antisyphilitic; alcoholic ex- 
tract is styptic. 
Heister's valve. Spiral duplication of mucous 
membrane in the duct of the gall-bladder. 
Helcencephalus, helk-en-sef'al-us (helco, enkephalos, 
brain). Ulceration of the brain. 
Helcenteritis, helk-en-ter-e'tis (helkos, ulcer, enter- 
itis). Dothinenteritis. 
Helchydrion, hel-kid're-on. Helcydrion. 
Helco, hel'ko (helkos, ulcer). In composition, ulcer. 
Helcocace, hel-kok'as-e (helco, kake, badness). Ma- 
lignant ulcer. 
Helcodes, hel-ko'dees. Ulcerated ; ulcerous. 
Helcoedema, helk-e-de'mah (helkos, ulcer, oidema). 
Ulcerative oedema. 
Helcoid, hel'koid (helco, eidos, resemblance). Like 
an ulcer. 
Helcology, hel-kol'o-je (helco, logos, discourse). Doc- 
trine of or treatise on ulcers. 
Helcoma, hel-ko'mah. Ulcer. H. Yemen'se, Ye- 
men sore or ulcer. 
Helcomenia, hel-ko-men'e-ah (helco, menes, menses). 
Vicarious menstruation from an ulcer. 
Helcophthalmia, hel-kof-thal'me-ah. Ophthalmia 
with ulceration. 
Helcoplasty, hel'ko-plas-te (helco, plasso, to form). 
Operation of grafting skin on an ulcer when the 
destruction is too great to permit of a healing process. 
Helcopoiesis, helk-o-poi-a'sis (helco,poiesis, making). 
Formation of ulcer. 
Helcos, hel'kos. Ulcer. 
Helcosis, hel-ko'sis. Ulceration. H. cere'bri, ul- 
ceration and suppuration of the brain-substance. H. 
laryn'gis, laryngeal phthisis. H. pulmona'lis, phthisis 
pulmonalis. H. rena'lis, ulceration of the kidney. 
H. u'teri, ulceration of the uterus; see Metrophthisis. 
H. vesi'cse, ulceration of the bladder; see C'ystophthisis. 
Helcostaphyloma, hel-ko-staf-il-o'mah. Staphyl- 
oma with ulceration. 
Helcotic, hel-kot'ik. Relating to or affected with 
ulceration. 
Helcotrauma, helk - o - traum' ah (helco, trauma, 
wound). Traumatic ulcer. 
Helcoxerosis, helk-o-zer-o'sis (helco, xerosis, dry- 
ness). Drying of an ulcer. 
Helctica, helk'tik-ah (helko, to draw). Epispastics. 
Hel'cus. Ulcer. 
Helcydrion (hel-sid're-on) or Helcyd'rium. Small 
ulcer; superficial ulceration of the cornea. 
Helcyster, hel-sis'ter (helko, to draw). Iron hook 
or crotchet for extracting the foetus; crotchet. 
Helenin, hel'en-in. Yellow crystalline principle 
(CeHsO) from Inula helenium; demulcent, antiseptic, 
and germicide; used internally in diphtheria, tuber- 
culosis, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.; externally, in 
almond oil, in diphtheria; dose, gr. j. 
Helenium, hel-en'e-um. Inula helenium. H. au- 
tumna'le, false sunflower, sneeze-wort, sneeze-weed, 
swamp sunflower, yellow star, ox-eye; ord. Com- 
positse. Indigenous herb with large golden-yellow 
compound flowers; all parts are bitter and acrid, and 
in powder are powerful sternutatories. Several other 
varieties are described. H. tenuifo'lium is known 
for its peculiar deleterious effects on the nervous sys- 
tem, of the lower animals especially. 
Helianthel'la. Root of H. tenuifolia; expectorant 
and antispasmodic. 
517 
HELIOTHERAPY 
Helianthemum Canadense, hel-e-an'the-mum kan- 
ad-en'se (helios, sun, anthemon, flower). Frostwort, 
Frostweed, Frostplant, Mockrose, ord. Cistacese. An her- 
baceous plant, having large yellow flowers, growing 
in all parts of the United States, prescribed in scrofula 
and as a diuretic, as a wash in skin diseases, gargle 
in scarlet fever, etc. H. corymbo'sum, rockrose, 
indigenous, is used in the same cases. H. vulga're, 
European plant having similar properties. 
Helian'thus an'nuus. Sunflower. Nat. ord. Com- 
posite. From its seeds a bland oil is obtained. H. 
tubero'sus, Jerusalem artichoke; Brazilian plant, 
used as an article of food. 
Heliasis, hel-e'as-is (helios, sun). Astrabolism ; in- 
solation. 
Hel'ical. Relating to the helix. 
Helica'lis ma'jor. Helicis major. H. mi'nor, heli- 
cis minor. 
Helichrysum (hel-ik'ris-um) arena'rium (helios, 
sun, chrusos, gold). Common yellow everlasting. 
Flowers of this European plant have been used in 
constipation, diarrhoea, dysentery, and worms. H. 
nudifo'lium, Caffer tea; S. African plant, demulcent, 
and, in the form of infusion, recommended in catarrh, 
phthisis, and other pulmonary affections. H. auricu- 
la'tum and H. serphyllifo'lium, Hottentots' tea, have 
similar virtues. 
Helicia, hel-ish'e-ah. Age. Prime of manhood. 
Growth. 
Hel'icin. C13H16O7. Principle resulting from ox- 
idation of salicin by nitric acid. 
Helicine, hel'is-een (helix, tendril of the vine). Re- 
sembling the tendril of a spiral vine. H. ar'teries, 
short vessels given off from the. larger branches as 
well as from the finest twigs of the artery of the 
penis. 
Helicis major, hel'is-is ma'jor. A muscle of the 
ear originating from the anterior acute part of the 
helix, upon which it ascends to be inserted into the 
helix. H. mi'nor originates from the under and 
fore part of the helix, and is inserted into the helix 
near the fissure in the cartilage opposite the concha. 
Helicoid, hel'ik-oid (helix, eidos, resemblance). Heli- 
cine. 
Helicoidin, hel-e-koid'in. CbeHuOu. Substance 
derived, with helicin, from action of nitric acid on 
salicin. 
Helicomonas, hel-ik-om'on-as (helix, spiral, monas, 
monad or micro-organism). Name given by Klebs to 
micro-organism of syphilis. 
Helicotrema, hel-ik-o-tra'mah (helix, trema, fora- 
men). Hiatus of Scarpa. The hole by which the 
two scate of the cochlea communicate at the apex. 
Helicteres (hel-ik'ter-ees) corylifo'lia or iso'ra. 
E. Indian plant; fruit is used in diarrhoea, gout, and 
rheumatism; juice of root in affections of the stom- 
ach ; leaves are used in constipation. 
Heliencephalitis, hel-e-en-sef-al-e'tis (helios, sun, 
encephalitis). Inflammation of the brain due to inso- 
lation. 
Helig'ma (helisso, to bend). Bending without frac- 
ture. Prominent part of the helix. 
Hellgmus, hel-ig'mus (helisso, to turn round). Con- 
volution. Prominence of helix. 
Heliomyelitls, he-le-o-me-el-e'tis (helios, sun, muelos, 
marrow). Myelitis due to insolation. 
Helion'osus (helios, sun, nosos, disease). Insolation. 
Heliophobia, he-le-o-fo'be-ah (helios, sun, phobos, 
fear). Dread of sunlight; photophobia. 
Heliopsydracium, he-le-o-sid-ras'e-um (helios, sun). 
Pustule from exposure to the sun. 
Heliosciadium nodiflorum, he-le-os-se-ad'e-um no- 
de-flo'rum (helios, sun, skiadion, parasol). Sium. 
Heliosis, he-le-o'sis. Astrabolism; insolation; sun- 
bath. 
Heliostat, he'le-os-tat (helios, sun, histemi, to stand). 
Mirror to reflect the sun's rays constantly in photomi- 
crography. 
Heliotherapy, he-le-o-ther'a-pe (helios, sun, thera- 
peuo, to cure). Sun-cure; cure of disease by exposure 
to the light of the sun. HELIOTROPE 
He'liotrope (hellos, sun, trepo, to turn). Helio- 
tropium Europseum. 
Heliotropin, he-le-ot'rop-in. Bitter principle from 
Heliotropium Europaeum; piperonal. 
Heliotropion, he-le-o-tro'pe-on. Cichorium intybus. 
Heliotropium (he-le-o-tro'pe-um) canes'cens, erec'- 
tum, or Europse'um. Heliotrope, ord. Boraginacese; 
plant formerly considered aperient and capable of de- 
stroying cutaneous excrescences, etc. H. his'pidum 
or In'dicum, E. India plant naturalized in the U. 
States; has similar virtues. H. supi'num, H. Euro- 
pium. 
Helix, he'liks (tendril of the vine). Fold forming 
the outer circumference or ring of the external ear; 
colon ; convolution of intestines; limax. 
Helleboraster (hel-le-bo-ras'ter) foet'idus. Helleb- 
orus fcetidus. 
Hellebore, hel'le-bor. Dracontium foetidum. H., 
Amer'ican, Veratrum viride. H., bas'tard, Adonis 
vernalis. H., bear's foot, Helleborus fcetidus. H., 
black, Helleborus niger. H., fet'id, Helleborus fceti- 
dus. H., green, Helleborus viridis. H., stink'ing, 
Helleborus fcetidus. H., swamp, Veratrum viride. 
H., white, Veratrum album. 
Helleborein, hel-le-bore'in. C52H44O15. Crystalline 
glucoside from black hellebore; therapeutic proper- 
ties similar to those of digitalin; strong cardiac 
poison. 
Helleboresin, hel-le-bo-res'in. C30H38O4. Result of 
treating helleborin with dilute acids. 
Helleboretin, hel-le-bor-et'in. C14H20O3. A result 
of decomposition of helleborein. 
Helleborin, hel-le-bor'in. Bitter crys- 
tallizable principle obtained from hellebore. 
Helleborism, hel'leb-or-izm. Method of treating 
disease among the ancients by hellebore alone. 
Helleborrhetin, hel-le-bor-rhet'in. Helleboretin. 
Helleborus, hel-leb'o-rus. H. niger. H. al'bus, 
Veratrum album. H. foet'idus, Stinking hellebore or 
Bear's foot, Setterwort; ord. Ranunculaceee; emeto- 
cathartic; leaves are anthelmintic and antispas- 
modic. H. grandiflo'rus, H. niger. H. menta'lis, 
plant growing in Greece; possesses similar properties 
to H. niger. H. ni'ger, Black hellebore, Melampode, 
Christmas rose, Clovertongue; the root of this Euro- 
pean plant is drastic cathartic; it was formerly em- 
ployed as an emmenagogue, and has been given in 
mania, melancholia, dropsy, etc.; now used in veteri- 
nary medicine. H. trifo'lius or tril'obus, Coptis 
trifolia. H. vir'idis, green hellebore; European 
plant, naturalized in the U. S.; has some of the 
properties of H. niger, but is also used like digitalis. 
Hellenia grandiflora, hel-len'e-ah gran-de-flo'rah 
(after C. N. Hellenius, professor at Abo). Costus. 
Hel'ler's test for albu'min. To a convenient 
quantity of nitric acid in a test-tube is added care- 
fully an equal amount of clear urine; if albumin is 
present, a white band appears between the urine and 
nitric acid. H.'s test for blood: the urine is first 
heated, then caustic potash is added and urine again 
heated; if blood is present, a dirty, yellowish-red 
color is precipitated. 
Helmerich's (hel'mer-ish's) oint'ment. Unguentum 
sulphuris alkalinum. 
Hel'met flower, yel'low. Aconitum anthora. H. 
pod, Jeffersonia Bartoni. 
Helmholtz's (helm'holz) lig'ament. Part of an- 
terior ligament of malleus connected with anterior 
tympanic spine. 
' Hel'mins or Hel'minth (pl. Helmin'thes) (helmins, a 
worm). Worm; entozoon. 
Helminthagogue, hel-min'tha-gog (helmintho, ago, 
to drive). Anthelmintic ; vermifuge. 
Helminth!, hel-min'the. Worms. 
Helminthia, hel-min'the-ah. Helminthiasis. H. 
al'vi, worms in the intestinal canal. H. errat'ica, 
worms introduced by accident into the stomach or 
intestines. H. pod'icis, worms in the rectum. 
Helminthiasis, hel-minth-e'as-is. Generic name 
for the condition giving occasion to the presence of 
intestinal worms; also condition produced by presence 
518 
HEMATO 
of worms; worm disease; invermination; vermina- 
tion; see Worms. H. Wucheri, condition caused by 
bilharzia haematobia in the human body. 
Helminthic, hel-minth'ik. Anthelmintic. 
Helminthicide, hel-minth'i-side. Vermicide. 
Helminth/ion. Ascaris; small worm. 
Helmintho, hel-min'tho (helmins, worm). In com- 
position, worm. 
Helminthochor'ton or Helminthochortum, hel- 
minth-o-kor'tum (helmintho, chortos, grass). Corsican 
moss; Corallina Corsicana. 
Helminthocolic, hel-miuth-o-kol'ik. Colic caused 
by worms. 
Helminthocorton, hel-minth-o-kor'ton (helmintho, 
chortos, grass). Corsican moss; Corallina Corsicana. 
Helminthogenesis, hel-minth-o-jen'es-is (helmintho, 
genesis, generation). Helminthiasis. 
Helminthoid, hel-minth'oid (helmins, eiclos, resem- 
blance). Vermiform or worm-like; relating to 
worms. 
Helminthology, hel-min-thol'o-je (helmintho, logos, 
description). Entozoology; treatise on worms. 
Helminthoma.hel-minth-o'mah. Helminthoncus. 
Helminthoncus, hel-minth-on'kus (helmintho, onkos, 
tumor). Tumor caused by, or containing, worms; 
see Malis. H. medinen'sis, dracunculus. 
Helminthophthisis, hel-minth-o-te'sis (helmintho, 
phthisis, wasting). Emaciation from presence of 
worms. 
Helminthopyra, hel-minth-op'ir-ah (helmintho. pur, 
fever). Fever occasioned by worms ; fever, vermin- 
ous. 
Helminthopyretus, hel-minth-o-pir'et-us (helmintho, 
puretos, fever). Helminthopyra. 
Helminthus (hel-minth'us) Gor'dii. Hairworm; 
seta equina. 
Helobacterium, hel-o-bak-te're-um (helos, head of a 
nail). Bacterium capitatum. 
Helodes, hel-o'dees (helos, marsh). Marshy, or re- 
lating to a marsh, as marsh fever. 
He'loid (helos, nail). Like a nail in shape. Marshy 
or miasmatic; caused by exhalations from marshes 
(helos, marsh). 
Helonias (hel-o'ne-as) (helos, swamp) bulla'ta. Spe- 
cies of Liliaceae growing in eastern part of the U. 
States, decoction of which is used in constipation and 
intestinal diseases. H. dioi'ca, Chamaelerium luteum. 
H. erythrosper'ma, Amianthium muscaetoxicum. 
H. lu'tea, Chamaelerium luteum. H. ni'gra, Veratrum 
nigrum. H. offlcinaTis, Veratrum sabadilla. H. 
vir'idis, Veratrum viride, Asagraea officinalis. 
Hel'onin. Extract of Chamaelirium luteum; vera- 
trin. 
Helopyra (hel-op'ir-ah) or Helopyretus, hel-o-pir'- 
et-us (helos, marsh, pur, fever). Marsh fever. 
Helosis (hel-o'sis) or Helotis, hel-o'tis (heilo, to 
turn). Eversion of the eyelids and convulsions of 
the muscles of the eyes; strabismus; plica polonica. 
He'lus. Marsh. Clavus. 
Helvetia esculenta, hel-vel'ah es-ku-len'tah. Mor- 
chella esculenta. 
Helxine, helks'een (helko, to draw). Parietaria. 
Helx'is (helko, to draw). Traction. 
Hema, he'mah (haima, blood). In composition, 
blood. 
Hemachroin, he-mak'ro-in (hema, chroa, color). 
Haematin. 
Hemadynam'ics. Haemadynamics. 
Hemagalactasia, he-mah-gal-ak-tas'e-ah (hema, gala, 
milk). Condition of milk containing blood. 
Hemalopia, he-mal-o'pe-ah (hema, ops, eye). Effu- 
sion of blood into the eye. 
Hemanthine, he-man'theen. Alkaloid, similar to 
atropine, from Haemanthus toxicarius. 
Hemaperitonirrhag'ia (hema, peritonaeum, rhegnumi, 
to break forth). Hemorrhage into the peritoneum. 
Hemaproctic, he-ma-prok'tik (hema, proktos, anus). 
Haemorrhois. 
Hemastat'ics. Haematostatics. 
Hematin, he'mat-in. Haematin. 
Hemato, he'ma-to. In composition, blood. HEMATOCELE 
Hematocele, he-mat-o-se'le (Eng. he-mat'o-seel). 
Hsematocele. 
Hematog'enous (haima, gennao, to produce). Blood- 
forming. 
Hematoid, he'mat-oid. Hsematodes. 
Hematology, he-mat-ol'o-je. Haematology. 
Hematosin, he-mat-o'sin. Hsematin. 
Hematostatica, he - mat - o - stat' ik - ah. Haemato- 
statica. 
Hematox'ylum Campechia'num. See Hsematox- 
ylum. 
Hemer a, hem'er-ah (hemera, day). A day. 
Hemeralopia, hem-er-al-o'pe-ah (hemera, optomai, 
to see). Day sight, Day-vision, Moon-blindness, Noc- 
turnal amaurosis. Disease in which the eyes enjoy 
the faculty of seeing while the sun is above the hori- 
zon, but are incapable of seeing when light is limited. 
The eye, when carefully examined, presents no altera- 
tion, either in its membranes or humors. Sometimes 
incorrectly employed to denote night-blindness. 
Hemeralops, hem'er-al-ops. One laboring under 
hemeralopia. 
Hemeraphonia, hem-er-af-o'ne-ah (hemera, day, 
aphonia, loss of voice). Deprivation of voice in day- 
time. 
Hemeratyphlosis (hem-er-a-tif-lo'sis) or Hemero- 
typhlo'sis (hemera, tuphlos, blind). Nyctalopia. 
Hemerodroma, hem-er-o-dro'mah (hemera, dromos, 
course). Ephemera. 
Hemeropathia, hem-er-o-path-e'ah (Aemera, pathos, 
affection). Disease continuing only a day or severe 
only during the day. 
Hemerotyphlosis, hem-er-o-tif-lo'sis (hemera, tuphlos, 
blind). Nyctalopia. 
Hemi, hem'e (half, semi). Hence: 
Hemiablepsia, hem-e-ah-bleps'e-ah (hemi, ablepsia, 
blindness). Hemiopia. 
Hemiacephalus, hem-e-ah-sef'al-us. Monster whose 
head is represented by a shapeless tumor with ap- 
pendages or cutaneous folds anteriorly. The condition 
is called Hemiacephalia. 
Hemiachromatopsia, hem-e-ak-ro-mat-op'se-ah 
(hemi, a, chroma, color, ops, eye). Defect of appre- 
ciation of color in half the field of vision. 
Hemialbumin, hem-e-al-bu'min. An original com- 
ponent of albumin, changed during digestion into 
hemialbumose. 
Hemialbu'minose. Hemialbumose. 
Hemialbuminosu'ria. Discharge of urine contain- 
ing hemialbumose. 
Hemialbumose, hem-e-al'bu-mose. Effect of duo- 
denal digestion on albumin by the action of the pan- 
creatic juice; afterward transformed to hemipeptone; 
noticed in urine in certain morbid conditions. 
Hemialgia, hem-e-al'je-ah (hemi, algos, pain). Pain 
on one side of the body or of the head; hemicrania. 
Hemiamaurosis, hem-e-am-aur-o'sis. Hemiopia; 
hemianopsia. 
Hemiansesthesia, hem-e-an-es-the'se-ah. Anaes- 
thesia of lateral half of the body, due to lesions of 
various parts of central nervous system. 
Hemianalgesia, hem-e-an-al-je'se-ah (hemi, half, 
analgesia'). Loss of sensation of pain in one-half 
of the body. Analgesia confined to one side of the 
body. 
Hemiandrus (hem-e-an'drus) or Hemianer, hem-e- 
an'er (hemi, aner, man). Eunuch; hermaphrodite. 
Hemianopia (hem-e-an-o'pe-ah) or Hemianop'sia 
(hemi, a, ops, eye). Blindness as to half the visual 
field; if affecting one eye, it is called Monocular, Uni- 
ocular, or Monolateral h.; of both eyes, Binocular or 
Bilateral h. It is Homonymous when the outer half of 
one field and inner half of the other are affected; H. 
dextra when right half is deficient; H. sinistra when 
left is deficient; Binasal h. when insensibility of tem- 
poral halves of the retina render the nasal fields 
invisible; Bitemporal h. when the opposite condition 
exists; Heteronymous or crossed h. when the inner half 
of one side and outer half of the other are affected; 
Superior or Inferior h. when the upper or lower half is 
wanting. 
519 
• HEMIHIDROSIS 
Hemianthropia, hem-e-an-thro'pe-ah {hemi, an- 
thropos, man). Mania. 
Hemianthropus, hem - e - an - thro' pus. Eunuch; 
maniac. 
Hemiarthro'sis {hemi, arthron, joint). Symphysis. 
Hemiataxia, hem-e-at-aks'e-ah {hemi, ataxia, want of 
order). Want of power to co-ordinate movements on 
one side of the body. 
Hemiatheto'sis {hemi, a, thetos, fixed). Athetosis 
or inability to assume a fixed position of one side of 
the body. 
Hemiatrophia, hem-e-at-ro'fe-ah. Hemiatrophy. 
H. facia'lis progressi'va, progressive unilateral atro- 
phy of the face. 
Hemiatrophy, hem-e-at'ro-fe {hemi, atrophia, atro- 
phy). Atrophy of one side; unilateral atrophy; it 
is seen in progressive facial hemiatrophy, an incurable 
affection of the face and neck. 
Hemiazyga (hem-e-az'e-gah) or Hemiazygos (hem- 
e-az'e-gos) vein. Left lower azygos vein. H. vein, 
accessory, left upper azygos vein. 
Hemic, he'mik. Haemic. 
Hemicephalsea, hem-e-sef-al-e'ah {hemi, Icephale, 
head). Hemicrania. 
Hemicephalse'um, or Hemicephal'ium, or Hemi- 
ceph'alum. Sinciput. 
Hemicephalic, hem-e-sef-al'ik (hemi, Icephale, head). 
Eelating to the or to half the head; de- 
ficient formation or development of one side of the 
head. 
Hemicephalus, hem-e-sef'al-us. Monster with half 
a head ; the condition is called Hemiceph! alism. 
Hemichorea, hem-e-ko-re'ah. Unilateral chorea ; 
chorea affecting only one side of the body. 
Hemicrania, hem-e-kran'e-ah. Hemicrany; me- 
grim ; pain confined to one-half the head; almost 
always intermittent; at times continuing only as 
long as the sun is above the horizon, and hence called 
sun pain. H. idiopath'ica, neuralgia, facial. 
Hemicrany, hem-e-kra'ny. Hemicrania. 
Hemidesmi radix, hem-e-des'me rad'iks. Eoot of 
hemidesmus. 
Hemidesmus Indicus, hem-e-des'mus in'dik-us 
{hemi, desmos, tie, in allusion to the filaments). Nannari, 
Indian sarsaparilla, ord. Asclepiadacese. Hindostanee 
plant, the root of which, hemidesmi radix, is used in 
India as a substitute for sarsaparilla; it is tonic, 
diaphoretic, and diuretic. 
Hemidialysis, hem-e-de-al'is-is {hemi, dialysis, dis- 
solution). Hemiplegia. 
Hemidiaphoresis, hem-e-de-a-for-a'sis {hemi, diapho- 
resis, perspiration). Perspiration of one-half or one 
side of the body. 
Hemidiarthrosis, hem-e-de-ar-thro'sis. Amphiar- 
throsis. 
Hemidro'sis {hemi, hidrosis, sweating). Excessive 
sweating of one side of the body. 
Hemidyssesthe'sia {hemi, dys, with difficulty, ses- 
thesia, sensation). Partial sensibility of one side of 
the body. 
Hemidystrophia, hem-e-dis-trof'e-ah {hemi, dys, 
with difficulty, trophe, nourishment). Nutrition of 
one side of the body. 
Hemiecton, hem-e-ek'ton. A vessel in which fumi- 
gations were formerly made in diseases of the uterus 
and vagina. 
Hemielliptical fossa, hem-e-el-lip'tik-al fos'sa. 
Fossa for reception of utricle on inner wall of vesti- 
bule of internal ear. 
Hemiencephalus, hem-e-en-sef'al-us. A monster 
without any trace of the organs of senses, and yet 
with a very natural body. See Hemicephalus. . 
Hemiepilepsy, hem-e-ep'e-leps-e. Epilepsy in which 
convulsions are restricted to one side of the body. 
Hemifacial, hem-e-fa'she-al. Eelating to half the 
face. 
Hemiglossitis, hem - e - gios - se' tis (hemi, glossa, 
tongue). Inflammation of half the tongue. 
Hemigynus, hem-ij'in-us {hemi, gune, woman). One 
who is effeminate, or half a woman. 
Hemihidrosis. Hemidiaphoresis. HEMIHYPOTHERMIA 
Hemihypother'mia (hemi, hypo, under, therme, heat). 
Diminution of temperature of one side of the body. 
Hemilaryngoplegia (hemi, larunx, larynx, plege, 
stroke). Unilateral paralysis of the larynx. 
Hemimeles (hem-im'el-ees) or Hemim'elus (hemi, 
melos, limb). Genus of monsters in which the infe- 
rior extremities of the limbs are absent or very de- 
fective ; condition is called Hemimelia. 
Hemimcerion, hem-e-me're-on (hemi, moira, part). 
One-half part; a drachm. 
Hemimyasthenia, hem-e-me-as-then-e'ah (hemi, mus, 
muscle, asi/ieneia, weakness). Muscular debility of one 
side of the body. 
Hemimyoclonus, hem-e-me-ok-lo'nus (hemi, mus, 
muscle, klonos, disorder). Unilateral, irregular mus- 
cular action or twitching. 
Hemina, hem'in-ah. Greek measure, one-half 
sextarius, or about half pint English. 
Hemineurasthenia, hem-e-nu-ras-then-e'ah. Ner- 
vous debility limited to one side. 
Hemiobolion (hem-e-o-bol'e-on) or Hemiob'olon. 
Half an obolus; weight of about five grains. 
Hemiolios, hem-e-ol'e-os. Weight of 12 drachms, 
or oz. 1|. See Sescuncia. 
Hemiopalgia (hemi, ops, eye, algos, pain). Pain in 
the eye of one side, or of both eyes, in hemicrania. 
Hemiopia (hem-e-o'pe-ah), Hemiop'sis, or Hemiopy 
(hemi, optomai, to see). Loss of vision over half the 
retina; usually due to intracranial lesion. 
Hemiopiasis (hem-e-o-pe'as-is) or Hemiopsis, hem- 
e-op'sis. Hemianopsia. 
Hemipages (hem-ip-ah'gees) or Hemip'agus (hemi, 
pegnumi, to fasten). Monstrosity in which twins are 
united from navel to vertex; condition is called 
Hemipagia. 
Hemipagia, hem-e-pah'je-ah. Hemicrania. See 
Hemipages. 
Hemiparalysis, hem-e-par-al'is-is. Paralysis of 
half the body. 
Hemiparansesthesia, hem-e-par-an-ees-the'ze-ah. 
Condition after destructive lesion of lateral half of 
the spinal cord, characterized on the side of the lesion 
by motor paralysis, cutaneous hyperesthesia, and 
anesthetic and hyperesthetic belt, respectively, above 
and below seat of lesion; on the opposite side of the 
lesion, by anesthesia of touch, pain, and temperature, 
and tickling of the parts, and a hyperesthetic belt 
above the level of the upper limit of the lesion. 
Hemiparaplegia, hem-e-par-ah-plej'e-ah (hemi, para, 
below, plege, stroke). Paralysis of one-half the lower 
extremity; hemiplegia of spinal origin. See Hemi- 
plegia. 
Hemipar'esis (hemi, paresis, paralysis). Paralysis 
of one side of the body. 
Hemipathia, hem-e-path-e'ah (hemi, pathos, affec- 
tion). Hemicrania; disease of one-half or one side of 
the body. 
Hemipegia, hem-e-pej'e-ah. Hemicrania. 
Hemipeptone, hem-e-pep'tone (hemi, pepsis, diges- 
tion). Peptone obtained from hemialbumose by pro- 
longed digestive process. 
Hemiphalacrosis, hem-e-fal-ah-kro'sis (hemi, phala- 
kros, bald). Baldness of one side of the head. 
Hemiphonia, hem-e-fo'ne-ah (hemi, phone, voice). 
Great weakness of voice. Husky voice of those af- 
fected with cholera. 
Hemiplectic, hem-e-plek'tik. Relating to or af- 
fected with hemiplegia. 
Hemiplegia, hem-e-plej'e-ah (hemi, plege, stroke). 
Paralysis of motion of one side of the body, usually 
due to cerebral disease; occasionally to injury or 
disease of the spinal cord. Spinal h., or hemipara- 
plegia, is due to lesion seated low down in the spinal 
cord; see Paralysis. One so palsied is said to be hemi- 
plegic. H., alternate, cross or crossed hemiplegia, 
cross or crossed transverse paralysis; paralysis in 
which the loss of power affects the face of one side 
and the limbs of the I other, or the upper limb of one 
side and the lower of the opposite side. H., anom'- 
alous, progressive muscular atrophy. H., cer'ebral, 
H. due to cerebral lesion. H., cor'tical, H. due to 
520 
' HEMOMETER 
lesion of cortical portions of brain. H., cross or 
crossed, H., alternate. H., embol'ic, H. caused by 
embolism of artery of brain. H. facialis, paralysis, 
Bell's. H., hephaes'tic, hammer palsy. H., spas'tic, 
hemiplegia with irregular spasmodic contractions of 
the diseased muscles; most frequently in infants. H., 
spi'nal, see Hemiplegia. 
Hemiplegic, hem-e-plej'ik. Relating to or affected 
with hemiplegia. H. gait, see Gait. 
Hemiplexia, hem-e-pleks'e-ah. Hemiplegia. 
Hemiprosoplegia, hem-e-pros-o-plej'e-ah (Jiemi, 
prosopon, face, plege, stroke). Paralysis, Bell's. 
Hemipro'tein. Proteid resulting from treatment 
of albumen with dilute sulphuric acid. 
Hem'ispasm. Spasm of one side of the body. 
Hemisphaerse (hem-e-sfe're) bulbi ure'three. Hemi- 
spheres of bulb of urethra. H. cer'ebri, hemispheres 
of the brain. 
Hem'isphere (hemi, sphaira, sphere). Half a sphere 
or of a body having a spheroidal shape. 
Hem'ispheres of the brain. Hemispherical ganglia ; 
upper spheroidal portion of the brain. The cerebral 
hemispheres constitute the great mass of the cerebrum, 
divided from each other above by the longitudinal 
fissure, united below by the corpus callosum. The 
two masses of cerebellum, joined together in median 
line by the vermiform processes, are the cerebellar 
hemispheres. H. of the bulb, the two sections of the 
bulb of the urethra. 
Hemispherical (hem-e-sfer'ik'l) fos'sa. Depression 
on internal wall of vestibule of inner ear for recep- 
tion of saccule. H. gan'glia, hemispheres of the 
brain. H. papil'lse, fungiform papillae. 
Hemisystole, hem-e-sis'to-le (hemi, sustole, contrac- 
tion). Contraction or systole of only one ventricle of 
the heart. 
Hemitera'ta (hemi, teras, monstrosity). Human 
bodies abnormally developed, but not sufficiently so 
as to be called monsters. They include anomalies of 
volume, shape, color, structure, situation, number of 
organs, etc. 
Hemiteria, hem-e-ter'e-ah (hemi, teras, monstrosity). 
Partial malformation or monstrosity, as of a new-born 
child. 
Hemitritsea (hem-e-trit-e'ah) feb'ris (hemi, tritaios, 
tertian). Semi tertian fever possessing the characters 
of the tertian and quotidian intermittent. 
Hemiuncia (hem-e-un'se-ah) or Hemiuncion (hem- 
e-un'se-on (hemi, uncia, ounce). Half an ounce. 
Hem'lock. Pinus Canadensis; cicuta; Conium 
maculatum. H., Amer'ican, Cicuta maculata. H., 
bas'tard, Chserophylhim sylvestre. H., com'mon, 
Conium maculatum. H. drop'wort, oenanthe. H. 
fruit, conium. H., ground, Taxus Canadensis. H. 
gum, see Pinus Canadensis. H. leaves, conium. H. 
oil, oil of spruce from Abies Canadensis. H. pitch, 
see Pinus Canadensis. H. plas'ter, emplastrum picis 
Canadensis. H. poi'son, conium. H. spruce, Pinus 
Canadensis. H., water, Cicuta maculata; C. aquatica; 
Phellandrium aquaticum. H., wild, Cicuta maculata. 
Hemo, he'mo. In composition, blood; see Hema. 
Hemoangiairrhagia, he-mo-an-je-ar-rhaj'e-ah (hemo, 
angeion, a vessel, a'er, air, rhegnumi, to break forth). 
Haemoptysis. 
Hemocardia, he-mo-kar'de-ah (hemo, kardia, heart). 
Haemocardiorrhagia. 
Hemocardioplast, he-mo-kar'de-o-plast (hemo, kar- 
dia, heart, plasso, to form). Blood-clot in the heart. 
See Polypus. 
Hemocyanosis, he-mo-se-an-o'sis. Blue coloration 
of blood in asphyxia. 
Hemocytometer, he-mo-se-tom'e-tur. Haemacy- 
tometer. 
Hemodia, he-mo'de-ah. Haemodia. 
Hemodynam'eter or Hemodynamom'eter. Haema- 
dynamometer. 
Hemo-encephalorrha'gia (hemo, encephalon, rheg- 
numi, to break forth). Apoplexy. 
Hemogastric, he-mo-gas'trik. Haemogastric. 
Hemohepatorrha'gia. Hepatorrhagia. 
Hemom'eter. Haemadynamometer. HEMOMYELORRHAGIA 
Hemomyelorrha'gia (hemo, muelos, marrow, rheg- 
numi, to break forth). Apoplexy, spinal. 
Hemopericar'dia. Haemopericardium. 
Hemophilia. Haematophilia. 
Hemopho'bia. Haematophobia. 
Hemophthal'mia. Haemophthalmia. 
Hemoplanla. Haematoplania. 
Hemoplasty, he'mo-plas-te (hemo, plasso, to form). 
Blood formation. 
Hemopoiesis, hem-o-poi-a'sis. Haematopoiesis. 
Hemoproc'tia. Anal hemorrhage ; see Hsemorrhois. 
Hemoptolc or Hemop'tyic. Hsemoptoic. 
Hemop'tysis. Haemoptysis. 
Hemorrhage, hem'or-rhaj. Bleeding, loss of blood, 
rupturing, bursting or breaking of a blood-vessel. 
Discharge of blood from vessels, with or without rup- 
ture of their coats. Spontaneous hemorrhages be- 
long to the domain of medicine; traumatic hemor- 
rhages, to that of surgery. 
Hemorrhages may be active or passive; in other 
words, dependent upon augmentation of organic ac- 
tions or on debility. Hemorrhages may be constitu- 
tional, depending on original conformation; acci- 
dental, or those produced by some adventitious cause; 
supplementary, succeeding others; symptomatic, crit- 
ical, etc. Secondary hemorrhage occurs some time 
after wounds or operations. When hemorrhage takes 
place into any tissue, or is interstitial, it is called ap- 
oplexy. Active or arterial hemorrhage occurs chiefly 
in the young and plethoric. It is commonly preceded 
by heaviness and pulsation in the part, owing to the 
afflux of blood and consequent hypersemia, and by 
coldness of the extremities. Blood evacuated is 
generally florid red. Indications of treatment will 
be to diminish plethora and to lessen the heart's 
action. 
Passive hemorrhage occurs in those of weak con- 
stitution, or who have been debilitated by protracted 
disease, poor diet, long watching, excessive evacua- 
tions, etc. It is not preceded by excitement or any 
signs of local determination, but is usually accompa- 
nied by paleness of the countenance, feeble pulse, 
fainting, etc. Indications of treatment will be to 
restore the action of the small vessels and the general 
tone of the system by styptics and cold externally, 
and tonics and astringents, creasote, mineral acids, 
etc., internally. 
Hemorrhage also occurs from mechanical hyper- 
semia, as when hsemoptysis is produced by tubercles 
of the lungs; apoplexy by softening of the encephalic 
neurine; hsematemesis by diseases of some of the 
solid viscera of the abdomen, etc. In traumatic 
hemorrhages following wounds of arterial or venous 
trunks the blood is of a florid red color, and issues 
by jets and pulses if it proceed from an artery; deeper 
red, and issues slowly and by a continuous flow, if 
from a vein. If the capillary vessels be alone divided, 
the blood is merely effused at the surface of the 
wound. Of the means employed for arresting trau- 
matic hemorrhages, some act mechanically, as absorb- 
ents, ligature, and compression; others chemically, as 
fire, caustic, creasote, astringents, etc. 
Hem'orrhage, accident'al. See Hemorrhage. H., 
ac'tive, see Hemorrhage. H., adynamic, see Hem- 
orrhage. H., alve'olar, H. that takes place from 
a tooth after extraction. H., ante-par'tum, see 
Ante-partum. H., arte'rial, see Hemorrhage. H. 
from the blad'der, cystirrhagia. H., bronch'- 
ial, bronchorrhagia. H., buc'cal, stomatorrhagia. 
H., car'diac, hamiocardiorrhagia. H., cere'bral, 
see Apoplexy. H., chorioid'al, C. hemorrhage. H., 
concealed, H. in uterus between its parietes and 
the ovum. H., consec'utive, H., secondary. H., 
constitu'tional, see Hemorrhage. H., critical, 
see Hemorrhage. H. by exhala'tion, see Hem- 
orrhage. H., exter'nal, see Hemorrhage. H., 
funic'ular, H. from umbilical cord. H., gas'tric, 
gastrorrhagia. H., gen'eral, see Hemorrhage. H. of 
heart, hsemocardiorrhagia. H., inevitable, H., un- 
avoidable. H., inter'nal, see Hemorrhage. H., in- 
terstitial, H. into connective tissue; apoplexy. H., 
521 
HEMORRHOIDS 
intes'tinal, hsematochezia ; enterorrhagia; melsena. 
H., intracra'nial, H. within the skull. H., intra- 
rhachid'ian or intraspi'nal, haematorrhachis. H. 
of liver, hepatorrhagia. H., lo'cal, see Hemorrhage. 
H. of lungs, haemoptysis. H., meninge'al, apoplexy. 
H. of the mu'cous membranes, see Hemorrhage. 
H., na'sal, epistaxis. H., pas'sive, see Hemorrhage. 
H. from the pitu'itary mem'brane, epistaxis. H. 
plant, Aspilia latifolia. H., pleu'ral, hajmatothorax. 
H., post-par'tum, see Post-partum. H., pri'mary, 
H. immediately after injury. H., puer'peral, H. 
after labor; sometimes used to denote any hemor- 
rhage before or after childbirth. H., pul'monary, 
H. from the lungs. H., secondary, see Hemorrhage. 
H. from the skin, sudor cruentus. H., spi'nal, hsem- 
atorrhachis; apoplexia myelitica. H., spontaneous, 
see Heemorrhagia. H., subconjuncti'val, see Ecchy- 
moma. H., supplementary, see Heemorrhagia. H., 
symptomatic, see Heemorrhagia. H. of the tis'sues, 
see Hemorrhage. H., traumatic, see Hemorrhage. 
H., unavoidable, H. from placenta praevia. H., 
u'terine, metrorrhagia. H., ves'ical, cystorrhagia. 
Hemorrhagic, hem-or-rhaj'ic. Relating or apper- 
taining to hemorrhage. H. ar'teries, arteries to ex- 
ternal capsule of brain, which, from some pathologi- 
cal change, give rise to hemorrhage. H. diath'esis, 
haemophilia. H. fo'cus, centre of cerebral hemor- 
rhage in apoplexy. H. pleu'risy, haemothorax. 
Hemorrhagiparous, hem-or-rhaj-ip'ar-us (heemor- 
rhagia, pario, to bring forth). Giving occasion to 
hemorrhage. 
Hemorrhin'ia (hemo, rhis, nose). Epistaxis. 
Hemorrhce'a. Haemorrhoea. 
Hemorrhoic, hem-or-ro'ik. Haemorrhoic. 
Hem'orrhoid. Haemorrhois. H., exter'nal, H. at 
margin of anus. H., inter'nal, H. from or in inte- 
rior of anus. H., ure'thral, see Urethra, vascular 
tumor of. 
Hemorrhoidal, hem-or-rhoid'al. Haemorrhoidal. 
Hemorrhoids, hem'or-rhoids. Livid, painful tu- 
bercles or excrescences, usually attended with dis- 
charge of mucus or blood. The most common 
causes are a sedentary life, accumulation of faeces 
in the rectum, violent efforts at stool, pregnancy, 
etc. The precursory symptoms are pains in the 
loins, stupor of the lower limbs, and uneasiness in the 
abdomen and rectum, with more or less gastric, cer- 
ebral, and general disorder, constituting a haemor- 
rhoidal diathesis, Motus or Turba heemorrhoidalis, and 
Molimen heemorrhoidale. To these symptoms follow 
one or more round, smooth, painful, pulsating, erectile 
tumors around the margin of the anus or within the 
anus; some bleeding occasionally. Haemorrhoids are 
sometimes divided into bleeding or open piles and 
shut or blind piles. They have also been divided 
into internal or occult and external according to their 
situation, and into accidental or constitutional. H., 
exter'nal, haemorrhoid having location outside of the 
sphincter ani and covered with skin. H., Inter'nal, 
haemorrhoid situated within the anus and covered 
with mucous membrane. Haemorrhoidal tumors are 
formed of a close, spongy texture, similar to that 
surrounding the orifice of the vagina, and, like it, 
erectile. The treatment in mild cases is simple: rest, 
horizontal posture, use of mild laxatives, as sulphur, 
castor oil, and emollient glysters. If they be much 
inflamed, leeches may be applied and warm cata- 
plasms or cold lotions prescribed, with abstinence and 
cooling drinks. Afterward an ointment of powdered 
galls and opium may afford relief. In the relaxed 
kind such ointment, with attention to diet, will be of 
benefit. If after repeated attacks the tumors 
remain hard and painful and threaten fistula, they 
may be removed. 
By Hemorrhoidal flux is meant the hemorrhage 
taking place from the rectum owing to hemorrhoids. 
The quantity of blood discharged is often trifling, 
but at times sufficient to induce great debility and 
even death. The symptoms are those attending 
hemorrhoidal tumors. The treatment is the same as 
in hemorrhages in general. When the hemor- HEMORRHOSCOPY 
rhage has become habitual or is vicarious, cau- 
tion may be required in checking it. If incon- 
venience arise from a sudden suppression of habitual 
or vicarious hemorrhage, its return may be solicited 
by sitting over warm water, aloetic purgatives, glys- 
ters, irritating suppositories, etc., or leeches applied 
to the anus. 
The internal bleeding pile is a soft, red, strawberry- 
like elevation of the mucous membrane, called a vas- 
cular tumor. A species of Leucorrhoea analis, or whitish 
discharge from the anus, sometimes attends ordinary 
hemorrhoids. 
The term Hemorrhoid is applied at times to varicose 
veins developed elsewhere, as at the orifice of the 
uterus, Uterine hemorrhoid, or to Vascular tumor of the 
urethra. See Metrsemorrhoides and Urethra. 
Hemorrhoscopy, hem-or-rhos'ko-pe (hemo, rheo, to 
flow, skopeo, to examine). Haematoscopy. 
Hemospasia, hem-o-spas'e-ah. Haemospasia. 
Hemospas'tic. Haemospastic. 
Hemospermia, hem-o-spur'me-ah. Haemosperma- 
tisis. Effusion of blood into the vesiculae seminales. 
Hemostasia, hem-o-sta'she-ah. Haemostasia. 
Hemostatics, hem-o-stat'iks. Haemotostatica. 
Hemotoxia, hem-o-toks'e-ah. Blood-poisoning. 
Hemotro'phia. Nourishment of or by blood. 
Hemp, Amer'ican. Cannabis Americana. H., 
bar'ren, Cannabis sativa. H., Cana'dian, Apocy- 
num cannabinum. H., com'mon, Cannabis sativa. 
H., East In'dian or In'dian, Cannabis sativa; Hi- 
biscus cannabinus. H. net'tle, Galeopsis tetrahit. 
H. seed, see Cannabis sativa. H. seed calculus, small 
mulberry-like urinary calculus, usually multiple, 
composed of oxalate of calcium. H., wild, Ambrosia 
trifida; galeopsis. 
Hemp'weed, aromat'ic. Eupatorium aromaticum. 
H., round'leaved, Eupatorium rotundifolium. 
Hemure'sia. Haematuria. 
Hen'bane. Hyoscyamus. 
Hen'bit. Lamium amplexicaule; Veronica hederi- 
folia; stimulant diaphoretic. 
Henblindness, hen'blind-ness. Hemeralopia. 
Hen'le, elas'tic mem'brane of. Elastic membrane 
of inner layer of outer coat of the vessels. H., glands 
of, small glands in conjunctiva of the eyelids. H., 
layer of, outer part of inner sheath of hair-root. H., 
loops or looped tu'bules of, portion, of uriniferous 
tubules forming a loop on itself. H., root-sheath of, 
see Huxley's layer. H., sheath of, see Huxley's layer. 
H., tu'bules of, H., loops of. 
Hen'na. Lawsonia inermis. 
Henoch's pur'pura. Purpura complicated with 
affection of the intestines. 
Henogen'esis or Henogenia, hen-o-jen'e-ah (heis, 
henos, one, genesis, formation). Formation or develop- 
ment of an individual. 
Heno'sis. Making into one; perfect union; adhe- 
sion between the lids or between the lids and eyeball. 
Henot'ic. Tending to complete union or healing. 
Henricea pharmacearcha, hen-ris'e-ah phar-mas- 
e-ar'kah (after E. S. Henrici of Copenhagen). Gen- 
tiana chirayita. 
Henricus Rubens, hen-re'kus ru'bens. Colcothar. 
Hen'sen's cor'puscle. Elliptical portion of upper 
part of external hair-cells, organ of Corti. H.'s disk, 
apparent divisions of muscle-fibre as seen by polar- 
ized light. H.'s prop'-cells, see Prop-cells. 
Hep. See Rosa canina. 
He'par (liver). The liver. Name for substances 
resembling liver in appearance. Ancient name for 
the liver of sulphur, hepar sulphuris. See Potassii 
sulphuretum.. H. adipo'sum, fatty liver; adiposis 
hepatica. H. adulteri'num, spleen. H. antimonia'- 
tum or antimo'nii, compound of a sulphuret of 
antimony and an alkali; see Oxidum stibii sulphura- 
tum. H. cal'cis, sulphurated lime. H. kali'num, 
potassii sulphuretum. H. martia'le, compound of 
sulphuret of potassium and an oxide of iron. H. 
mi'grans or mo'bile, movable liver; floating liver. 
H. moschatifor'me, liver, nutmeg. H. san'guinis, 
blood-clot. H. sinis'trum, spleen. H. succenturia'- 
522 
HEPATICA 
turn, accessory liver; additional liver or liver lobe, 
a case of malformation. H. sul'phuris, potassii sul- 
phuretum. H. sul'phuris calcar'eum, calcis sulphu- 
retum. H. sul'phuris volatile, ammonii sulphure- 
turn. H. uteri'num, placenta. H. variega'tum, 
liver, nutmeg. 
Heparocele, hep-ar-o-se'le (Eng. hep'ar-o-seel) (hepar, 
liver, kele, tumor). Fatty tumor from connective tissue 
beneath the peritoneum, having external appearance 
of abdominal hernia. 
Hepatsemorrhagia, hep-at-e-mor-rhaj'e-ah. Hemor- 
rhage from the liver. 
Hepatalgia, hep-at-al'je-ah (hepato, algos, pain). 
Pain in the liver; neuralgia of the liver; biliary 
colic. H. calculo'sa, hepatic colic; gallstone colic. 
H. Petitia'na, distension of gall-bladder by bile. H. 
phlegmonoi'des, inflammation of the liver. 
Hepatapostema, hep-at-ap-os-ta'mah (hepato, apos- 
tema, abscess). Abscess of the liver. 
Hepatarius, hep-at-ar'e-us. Hepatic. 
Hepatatrophia, hep-at-at-rof'e-ah. Atrophy of the 
liver. 
Hepatauxe (hep-at-auks'e) orHepatauxe'sis (hepato, 
auxe, increase). Hypertrophy of the liver. 
Hepatechema, hep-at-ek-a'mah (hepato, echema, 
sound). Sound rendered by the liver on percussion. 
Hepatectomy, hep-at-ek'to-me (hepato, ektome, ex- 
cision). Excision of a portion of the liver. 
Hepatelcosis, hep-at-el-ko'sis. Ulceration of the 
liver. 
Hepatemphraxis, hep-at-em-fraks'is (hepato, em- 
phrasso, to obstruct). Hepatic obstruction. 
Hepatencephaloma (hep-at-en-sef-al-o'mah) orHep- 
atencephalosis, hep-at-en-sef-al-o'sis (hepato, enkepha- 
los, encephalon). Encephaloid of the liver. 
Hepaterus, hep-at-a'rus. Hepatic. 
Hepathaemia, hep-at-he'me-ah (hepato, haima, 
blood). Congestion of the liver with blood. 
Hepathsemorrhagia, hep-at-he-mor-rhaj'e-ah. Hem- 
orrhage from the liver. 
Hepathelcosis, hep-at-hel-ko'sis (hepato, helcosis, ul- 
ceration). Ulceration of the liver. 
Hepathyderos, hep-at-hid'er-us (hepato, hudor, 
water). Dropsy from hepatic disease. 
Hepathydrocystis, hep-at-hid-ro-sis'tis (hepato, 
hudor, water, kustis, bladder). Cyst of the liver. 
Hepatic, hep-at'ik (hepar, liver). Belonging or re- 
lating to or resembling liver. H. air, sulphuretted 
hydrogen gas. H. al'oes, see Aloes hepatica. H. ar'- 
tery, one of the three branches given off by the 
cceliac. It passes toward the inferior surface of the 
liver, where it divides into two branches, a right and 
a left, proceeding toward the corresponding parts of 
that organ. H. cells, glandular cells of the liver, 
having a granular protoplasm containing adipose 
matter and pigment. H. duct, canal about three 
fingers' breadth in length and of the size of a quill, 
formed by the union of the biliary ducts, and joining 
the cystic duct at a very acute angle, to form the 
ductus choledochus. It conveys the bile from the 
liver toward the duodenum. H. flex'ure, rectangular 
bend between ascending and transverse colon, at 
under surface of the liver. H. flux, discharge from 
the liver. H. glands, glands in mucous membrane 
along the hepatic duct; lymphatic glands in lesser 
omentum receiving supplies from the liver. H. 
islets, lobules of the liver. H. ligaments, peritoneal 
folds and other structures keeping the liver in posi- 
tion and restraining its movement. H. lobes, H. 
lobules; see Liver. H. plex'us consists of nervous 
filaments, sent by the cceliac plexus to the liver, which 
accompany the hepatic artery. H. veins (Suprahepatic 
veins, Intralobular veins') arise in the substance of the 
liver, converge toward its posterior margin, and open 
into the vena cava inferior. They convey away the 
blood carried to the liver by the hepatic artery and 
vena porta. H. zones, areas in a hepatic lobule, 
which with blood-vessels and cells form vein or artery 
zones. 
Hepatica, hep-at'ik-ah. Medicines believed to be 
capable of affecting the liver; liverwort; H. triloba. HEPATICO 
H. America'na, H. triloba. H. fonta'na, Marchantia 
polymorpha. H. nob'ills, H. triloba; Anemone hepat- 
ica. H. stella'ta, Asperula odorata. H. tri'loba, 
Kidney liver-leaf, Liverwort, Liverweed, Trefoil, Noble 
liverwort, Herb trinity; the leaves, Hepatica (Ph. U. S.), 
are a gentle astringent. 
Hepat'ico. In composition, relating to the liver. 
Hepat'ico-diaphragmat'icus. Occasional muscular 
slip from central tendon of diaphragm to peritoneum, 
anterior to the spine and to remnant of ductus veno- 
sus or under part of liver. 
Hepat'ico-gas'tric. Hepatogastric. 
Hepaticula, hep-at-ik'u-lah (dim. of Hepar, liver). 
Chronic hepatitis. 
Hepaticus, hep-at'ik-us. Hepatic. H. flos, Hepat- 
ica triloba. 
Hepatifaction, hep-at-e-fak'shun (hepato, facio, to 
make). Hepatization. 
Hepatin, hep'at-in. Glycogen. 
Hepatirrhagia, hep-at-ir-rha'je-ah. Hepatorrhagia. 
Hepatirrhoea, hep-at-ir-rhe'ah (hepato, rheo, to flow). 
Discharge from the liver. Species of diarrhoea in 
which the excreted matters seem to come from the 
liver or are much mixed with bile. 
Hepatis suspensorium, hep'a-tis sus-pen-so're-um. 
523 
HEPATOID 
the liver, resulting in abscess or glandular destruc- 
tion, with softening or induration, atrophy or cir- 
rhosis ; cirrhsois of the liver. H. lon'ga, chronic 
hepatitis. H. occul'ta, hepatitis, chronic. H. pa- 
renchymato'sa, inflammation of substance of the 
liver; yellow atrophy of liver. H. purulen'ta, sup- 
purative hepatitis; see Hepatitis. H., sup'purative, 
abscess of the liver; see Hepatitis. H. velamento'sa, 
inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the liver; peri- 
hepatitis. 
Hepatization, hep-at-iz-a'shun (hepar, liver). Con- 
version into liver-like substance, as in the lungs w7hen 
gorged with effused matter, so that they are no longer 
pervious to the air ; they are then said to be hepat- 
ized. H., gray, condition of the lungs characteriz- 
ing the third stage of pneumonia, or stage of puru- 
lent infiltration. H., red, condition of the lung 
characterizing the first stage of consolidation of the 
lungs in pneumonia. H., white, appearance of the 
lungs in still-born children affected with syphilis. 
H., yel'low, appearance of the lungs in later stages 
of pneumonia, when colored with pus-cells. 
Hep'atize. To convert or to be converted into sub- 
stance resembling liver. 
Hep'atized ammo'nia. Ammonium sulphide. 
Hepatizon, hep-at'e-zon (hepatizo, to resemble liver). 
Chloasma. 
Hepato, hep'at-o (hepar, liver). In composition, 
liver. 
Hepatocace, hep-at-ok'as-e (hepato, kakos, evil). 
Gangrene of the liver. 
Hepatocele, hep'at-o-se-le (Eng. hep-at'o-seel) (hep- 
ato, kele, tumor). Hernia of the liver; protrusion 
occasionally met with, especially in infants, in whom 
the upper part of the linea alba is very weak. Hep- 
atocele may be umbilical (hepatomphalum) or ventral 
(through the linea alba). 
Hepatochlorrhcea, hep-at-o-klo-rhe'ah (hepato, chole, 
bile, rheo, to flow). Hepatirrhcea. 
Hepatocirrho'sis. Cirrhosis of the liver; inter- 
stitial hepatitis. 
Hepatocolic, hep-at-o-kol'ik. Eelating to the liver 
and colon, as H. lig'ament, ligament of the liver 
passing from the gall-bladder and contiguous sinus 
portarum, across the duodenum, to the colon; another, 
termed hepatorenal, descends from the root of the 
liver to the kidney. They are both peritoneal. 
Hepatocystic, hep-at-o-sis'tik (hepato, kustis, blad- 
der). Eelating to liver and gall-bladder. H. duct, 
choledoch duct; rare canal passing from the liver to 
the gall-bladder. 
Hepato'des. Hepatic. 
Hepatodid'ymus or Hepatod'ymus. Hepatodyme. 
Hepatoduode'nal (hepato, duodenum). Eelating to 
liver and duodenum. H. lig'ament, gastro-hepatic 
omentum. 
Hepatodyme, hep'at-o-dime (hepato, didumos, twin). 
Monster united at the liver and double above. 
Hepatod'ymus. Hepatodyme. 
Hepatodynia, hep-at-o-din'e-ah (hepato, odune, pain). 
Pain in the liver. 
Hepatodysentery, hep-at-o-dis'en-ter-e. Hepatir- 
rhcea ; hepatic dysentery. 
Hepatogastric, hep-at-o-gas'trik. Eelating to stom- 
ach and liver. H. lig'ament or omen'tum, gastro- 
hepatic ligament. 
Hepatogastricholo'sis (hepato, gaster, stomach, chole, 
bile). Fever, bilious; fever, gastric. 
Hepatogastri'tis. Inflammation of the liver and 
stomach. 
Hepatogenic (hep-at-o-jen'ik) or Hepatog'enous 
(hepato, gennao, to produce). Forming liver structure. 
Produced by or originating in the liver. 
Hepatography, hep-at-og'raf-e (hepato, graphe, de- 
scription). Part of anatomy describing the liver. 
Hepatology. 
Hepatohsemia, hep-at-o-he'me-ah (hepato, haima, 
blood). Hepatic engorgement. Sanguineous con- 
gestion of the liver. 
Hepatoid, hep'at-oid (hepato, eidos, resemblance). 
Hepatic. 
Ligament, suspensory, of the liver. 
Hepatisatio, hep-at-iz-ah'she-o. Hepatization. H. 
pulmo'num, hepatization of the lungs. 
Hepatisis, hep-at'is-is. Hepatization. 
Hepatism, hep'at-izm. Combined phenomena from 
disordered liver; biliousness. 
Hepatitis, hep-at-e'tis. Inflammation of the liver. 
It may be seated either in the peritoneal covering, 
Serohepatitis, Hepatitis velamentosa or externa, Peritonitis 
hepatica, Perihepatitis ; or in the substance of the liver, 
Hepatitis parenchymatosus; or in both, Parahepatitis, 
and may be acute or chronic. The symptoms are pain 
in the right hypochondrium, shooting to the back and 
right shoulder, and increased on pressure; difficulty 
of lying on the left side; sometimes jaundice, with 
cough and synocha. Its termination is generally by 
resolution. In tropical climates it often runs on to 
suppuration, Jecoris vomica, Hepatitis apostematosa, Sup- 
purative hepatitis, the abscess breaking either exter- 
nally or forming a communication with the intestines 
or chest, or breaking into the cavity of the abdomen. 
Heat predisposes to it; hence its greater frequency in 
hot climates. In hot climates, especially, new action 
must be excited by mercury as early as possible. H. 
apostemato'sa, suppurative inflammation of liver. 
H., bil'iary, inflammation of the liver originating in 
the bile-ducts, sometimes suppurative or plastic, the 
patches of inflammation being colored with bile- 
pigment. H., chron'ic, chronic liver disease, is not 
as common as is believed. Symptoms are those above 
mentioned in a minor degree: enlargement, constant 
dull pain in the region of the liver, sallow counte- 
nance, high-colored urine, clay-colored feces, etc. A 
chronic form of interstitial hepatitis is generally de- 
scribed as cirrhosis of the liver. H. cys'tica, inflamma- 
tion of the gall-bladder, cholecystitis. H. cytoph'tho- 
ra, acute atrophy of liver. H., diffused, acute or yellow 
atrophy of the liver, acute wasting or softening of the 
liver, fatal jaundice. Form of parenchymatous inflam- 
mation of the liver, characterized by a rapid and com- 
plete destruction of the hepatic cells throughout every 
part of the organ, occurring in early adult life; in- 
dicated by jaundice, sometimes with petechfe and 
extensive ecchymosis, vomiting of ingesta and mu- 
cus, and afterward of altered blood resembling coffee- 
grounds ; delirium, convulsions, and coma, usually 
fatal in about a week. The liver is found, on post- 
mortem examination, to be extensively atrophied. 
H., epidem'ic, bilious remittent fever. H. ex- 
ter'na, inflammation of peritoneal coat of the liver ; 
perihepatitis. H. fibro'sa, indurative hepatitis. H., 
gum'matous or gummo'sa, form of syphilitic in- 
flammation of the liver. H., in'durative, form of 
h. in which the liver-cells become atrophied and the 
connective tissue is made denser and indurated. H., 
intersti'tial, inflammation of connective tissue of HEPATOLITH 
Hepatolith, hep'at-o-lith (hepato, lithos, stone). 
Concretion in the liver ; biliary calculus. 
Hepatolithiasis, hep-at-o-lith-e'as-is. Formation 
of concretions in the liver. 
Hepatology, hep-at-ol'o-je (hepato, logos, discourse). 
Treatise on the liver. Description of the liver. 
Hepatomalacia, hep-at-o-mal-ah'se-ah (hepato, ma- 
lakia, softness). Softening of the liver. 
Hepatomegalia, hep-at-o-me-gal'e-ah (hepato, megas, 
large). Enlargement of the liver. 
Hepatomelanosis, hep-at-o-mel-an-o'sis. Melanosis 
of the liver. 
Hepatomphalocele, hep-at-om-fal-o-se'le (Eng. hep- 
at-om'fal-o-seel). Umbilical hernia, the liver forming 
part of contents of sac. 
Hepatomphalus, hep-at-om'fal-us. Hepatomphalo- 
cele. 
Hepatomyeloma, hep-at-o-me-el-o'mah (Jiepato, 
muelos, marrow). Encephaloid of the liver. 
Hepatomyelosis, hep-at-o-me-el-o'sis. Formation 
or growth of hepatomyeloma. 
Hepatoncus, hep-at-on'kus (Jiepato, onkos, tumor). 
Tumefaction or tumor of the liver. 
Hepatonecrosis, hep-at-o-ne-cro'sis. Necrosis or 
gangrene of the liver. 
Hepatoparectama, hep-at-o-par-ek'tam-ah (hepato, 
parektama, considerable extension). Excessive en- 
largement of the liver. 
Hepatopathy, hep-at-op'ath-e (hepato, pathos, affec- 
tion). Disease of the liver. 
Hepatoperitoni'tis. Inflammation of the perito- 
neal covering of the liver. 
Hepatophlebitis, hep-at-o-fleb-e'tis (hepato, phleps, 
vein). Inflammation of the hepatic veins. 
Hepatophlegmone, hep-at-o-fleg'mo-ne (hepato, 
phlegmons, inflammation). Inflammation of the 
liver. 
Hepatophthisis, hep-at-o-te'sis (hepato, phthisis, con- 
sumption). Consumption from suppuration of the 
liver. 
Hepatophyma, hep-at-o-fe'mah (hepato, phuma, 
growth). Tumor of the liver. 
Hepatopostema, hep-at-o-pos-ta'mah. Abscess of 
the liver. 
Hepatopto'sis (hepato, ptosis, falling). Floating 
liver. 
Hepatore'nal. Eelating to liver and kidney, as 
Hepatorenal ligament; see Hepatocolic. H. pouch, 
pocket in peritoneum for reception of right extrem- 
ity of liver. 
Hepatorrhagia, hep-at-or-rhaj'e-ah (ftepato, rheg- 
numi, to break forth). Hepatirrhcea; hemorrhage 
of the liver. 
Hepatorrhaphy, hep-at-or'rhaf-e (hepato, rhaphe, 
suture). Suture of the liver. 
Hepatorrhexis, hep-at-or-rheks'is (hepato, rhexis, 
rupture). Rupture of the liver. 
Hepatorrhoea, hep-at-or-rhe'ah. Hepatirrhcea. 
Hepatosarcoma, hep-at-o-sar-ko'ma. Sarcoma of 
the liver. 
Hepatoscirrhus, hep-at-o-skir'rus (hepato, skirrhos, 
cancerous induration). Carcinoma or schirrhus of 
the liver. 
Hepatos'copy (hepato, skopeo, to see). Examination 
of the liver. 
Hepatosplenltis, hep-at-o-splen-e'tis. Inflamma- 
tion of the liver and spleen. 
Hepatostrumo'sis (hepato, struma, a scrofulous 
tumor). Tubercle or scrofulosis of the liver. 
Hepatotomy, hep-at-ot'o-me (hepato, tome, incision). 
Dissection of, or incision into, the liver. 
Hephsestic, hef-e'stik (Hephsestus, Vulcan). Re- 
lating to the forge or hammer, as hephsestic hemi- 
phlegia. See Hammer palsy. 
Hephsestlorrhaphy, hef-e-ste-or'rhaf-e (Hephiestus, 
Vulcan, rhaphe, suture). Union by fire, or by actual 
cautery applied to edges of a wound. 
Hepialos, hep-e'al-os. Epialos. 
Hepse'ma or Hepsesis, hep-sa'sis. Decoction. 
Gruel. 
Hep'tad (hepta, seven). Septivalent; element de- 
524 
HERBA 
manding seven volumes of hydrogen to produce sat- 
uration. 
Heptal, hep'tal. Relating to seven. H. cy'cle, 
cycle, hebdomadal. 
Heptal'lon grave'olens. Hogwort, Bear's fright. 
Indigenous plant, with fetid porcine smell; diaphor- 
etic, diuretic, cathartic. 
Heptamelus, hep-tam'el-us (hepta, seven, melos, 
limb). Double monster having seven limbs. 
Hep'tane. Heptyl hydride. C7H16. A paraffin, 
liquid constituent of petroleum. 
Heptaphyllum, hep-taf-il'lum (hepta, seven, phullon, 
leaf). Tormentilla. 
Heptapleuron, hep-tah-plu'ron (hepta, seven, pleuron, 
rib). Plantago major. 
Hep'-tree. Rosa canina. 
Heracleum, her-ak-le'um. Branca, H. spondylium. 
H. lana'tum, masterwort, cow parsnip; stimulant, 
carminative, poisonous. H. spondyl'ium or tau'ri- 
cum, cow parsnip, allheal, cow mumble, ord. Um- 
bellifer®. Root is tonic, stomachic, and carminative. 
Russians and Poles obtain from its seeds and leaves, 
by fermentation, an intoxicating spirituous liquor 
called parst. 
Heracleus morbus, her-ak-le'us mor'bus (hercu- 
lean disease). Epilepsy. 
Herb (pron. urb). Non-ligneous plant, dying down 
to the ground, at least in winter. In pharmacy, the 
whole herb or its separate parts. H., aromat'ic, 
species aromatic®. H., bit'ter, Erythr®a centau- 
rium. H., bless'ed, Geum urbanum. H. Chris'to- 
pher, Act®a spicata. H., Fuller's, saponaria. H. of 
grace, Gratiola officinalis. H., holy, Verbena offici- 
nale. H. mas'tick, Thymus mastichina; Teucrium 
marum. H. of patience, Rumex patientia. H. Pe'- 
ter. Primula veris. H., poor'man's, Gratiola offici- 
nalis. H. of repent'ance, Ruta graveolens. H. Rob'- 
ert, Geranium Robertianum. H. of Saint Cu'ne- 
gonde, Eupatorium cannabinum. H. of Saint George, 
Valeriana officinalis. H. Sophi'a, Sisymbrium Sophia. 
H. trinity, Hepatica triloba; Viola tricolor; Anem- 
one hepatica. 
Herba, ur'bah. Herb. H. absin'thii, absinthium. H. 
aconi'ti, aconite herb. H. Alexandri'na, Smyrnium 
olusatrum. H. althse'se, Pelargonium cucullatum. 
H. an'thos, rosmarinus. H. apollina'ris, mandra- 
gora ; Hyoscyamus niger. H. apoplec'tica, Ajuga 
chamsepitys. H. arthritlca, Primula officinalis. H. 
as'pera, Galium aparine. H. ballot® lana'tse, Leon- 
urus lanatus. H. belladon'n®, belladonna leaves. 
H. benedic'ta, Geum urbanum. H. betonlcse al'bae, 
veronica herb. H. Britan'nica, rumex. H. can'na- 
bis In'dicse, Cannabis Indica. H. can'ni, Artemisia 
santonica. H. cardi'aca, Leonurus cardiaca. H. car'- 
dui benedic'ti, blessed thistle. H. car'dui ven'eris, 
Dipsacus fullonum. H. cata'ri®, catnip. H. cen- 
tau'rii, centaury. H. chelido'nii majo'ris, chelido- 
nium. H. chenopo'dii, herb of Chenopodium am- 
brosioides. H. chol'era, Salvia sclarea. H. cicu't® 
macula't®, herb of conium. H. citra'ta, melissa. 
H. cochlea'rise, scurvy grass. H. coni'i, herb of 
conium. H. divi'na, tobacco leaves. H. do'rea, 
Solidago virgaurea. H. eryslmi, Sisymbrium offici- 
nale. H. febrif'uga, Teucrium cham®drys; Erythrcea 
centaurium. H. fells, Nepeta cataria, catmint. H. 
flam'mula Jo'vis, Clematis erecta. H. fuma'ri®, 
fumitory. H. genlpi ve'ri, Achillea atrata. H. 
grati/ol®, gratiola leaves. H. hirundina'ri®, cheli- 
donium. H. hyoscy'ami, hyoscyamus, leaves and 
flowering tops. H. ig'nis, Lichen pyxidatus. H. 
le'di, Ledum palustre. H. Liberia'na, Galeopsis gran- 
diflora. H. lobeli®, lobelia. H. majora'n®, sweet 
marjoram. H. melancholif'uga, fumaria. H. me- 
lis'sse, melissa. H. men'th® acu'tse or roma'na, 
spearmint. H. men'th® piperi't®, peppermint. H. 
milita'ris, Achillea millefolium. H. millefolii, mil- 
lefolium. H. napel'li, aconite. H. nastur'tii aquat'- 
ici, water-cress. H. nep'et®, catnep. H. ocula'ria, 
Euphrasia pratensis. H. orig'ani, origanum herb. 
H. papilla'ris, lapsona. H. paradisi'aca, or paralys'- 
eos, or paralyt'ica, Primula veris. H. pa't® lapi'- HERBACEOUS 
nse, Leonurus cardiaca. H. pedicula'ria, Delphinium 
staphisagria. H. pervin'cse, Vinca minor. H. pe'- 
tri, Primula verus. H. pra'sii, marrubium. H. puli- 
ca'ris, Plantago psyllium. H. querci'ni, Lichen pli- 
catus. H. re'gia, Artemisia vulgaris. H. rosel'lse, 
Drosera rotundifolia. H. Ruper'ti, Geranium Eobert- 
ianum. H. sabi'nse, savin. H. sac'ra, Verbena 
officinalis. H. saliva'ris, Anthemis pyrethrum. H. 
salv'ise horten'sis, salvia. H. Sanc'ti Anto'nli, Plum- 
bago Europsea. H. San'ta Mari'a, Chenopodium am- 
brosioides. H. sardo'nia, Ranunculus sceleratus. 
H. scelera'ta, Ranunculus sceleratus. H. scopar'ii, 
tops of scoparium or broom. H. Scyth'ica, Glycyrrhi- 
za glabra. H. serpyl'li, wild thyme. H. siderit'idis, 
Galeopsis grandifiora. H. sola'ni. tubero'si, bella- 
donna. H. solda'do, matico. H. somnif'era, Atropa 
belladonna. H. tab'aci, Nicotiana tabacum. H. 
thy'mi, thyme. H. trinita'tis, Anemone hepatica; 
Viola tricolor. H. ven'eris, Adiantum pedatum. H. 
ven'tis, Anemone pulsatilla. H. veron'ica, veronica 
or speedwell. H. vi'olse tricolo'ris, Viola tricolor. H. 
vir'gse pe'gise, digitalis. H. vit'ri, see Salsola kali. 
H. zazarhen'di, origanum. 
Herbaceous, ur-ba'shus. Possessing the character 
of an herb. 
Herbae pro enemate, ur'ba pro en-em'at-e. Glys- 
ter herbs. H. pro fo'tu, fomentation herbs. 
Herbalist, ur'bal-ist. Herborist. 
Herbarist (ur'ba-rist) or Herba'rius. Herborist. 
Herbarium, u-bar'e-um. Collection of plants, gen- 
erally of dried plants. In pharmacy, a plant that is 
used entire. 
Herb-doctor. Botanical doctor or physician, root- 
doctor. One who treats diseases altogether by herbs; 
a " Thomsonian," for example. 
Herbivorous, ur-biv'o-rus (herba, voro, to eat). Epi- 
thet applied to animals which feed on herbs. Such 
animals are called Herbivora. 
Herborist (urb'o-rist), Herb'alist, or Herb'arist. 
One who deals in plants or herbs; a practitioner who 
employs herbs only. 
Herborization, urb-o-re-za'shun. Excursion for col- 
lection of plants, such as are directed by the Apothe- 
caries' Company of London for their apprentices, etc. 
Herbs (urbs), five cap'illary. These were, anciently, 
hart's tongue, black, white, and golden maidenhair, 
and spleenwort. The five emol'lient herbs were, an- 
ciently, beet, mallow, marshmallow, French mercury, 
and violet. 
Her'bst's cor'puscles. Small sensory bodies, like 
Pacinian corpuscles, seen in birds. 
Hercules (her'ku-lees) allheal. Pastinaca opoponax. 
H. club, Aralia spinosa. 
Herculeus morbus, her-ku-le'us mor'bus. Epilepsy. 
Heredicity, her-ed-is'it-e. Tendency, disposition, 
or natural law of transmission of disease; tendency 
or family peculiarity from one generation to another. 
Hereditary, her-ed'it-a-re (hie res, heir). Epithet 
given to diseases, or predispositions to diseases, com- 
municated or inherited from progenitors. 
Hered'ity. Law by which structure, mental and 
physical characteristics, diseases, etc. are transmitted 
from progenitors. See Heredicity. 
Heritiera (her-it-e-a'ra)littora'lis. Astringent plant 
of E. Indies, Australia, and Africa. 
Hermadactylus, herm-ah-dak'til-is. Hermodactyl. 
Hermaphrodeity, hurm-af-ro-de'it-e (Hermes, Mer- 
cury, Aphrodite, Venus), Hermaph'rodism, Hermaph'- 
roditism. Appertaining to Mercury and Venus. 
Union of characteristics of the two sexes in the same 
individual. See Hermaphrodite. 
Hermaphrodisia (hurm-af-ro-diz'e-ah), or Herm- 
aph'rodism (hurm-af'ro-dizm), or Hermaph'rodite, 
hurm-af'ro-dite. Hermaphrodeity. One who pos- 
sesses the attributes of male and female; bisexual, 
uniting in one individual the two sexes. Term ap- 
plied to an animal or plant which is, at the same time, 
both male and female. True hermaphrodites are 
usually met with in the lower degrees of the animal 
scale, among the zoophytes, mollusca, or gasteropoda. 
Individuals of the human species, regarded as herm- 
525 
HERNIA 
aphrodites, owe this appearance to vicious conforma- 
tion of the genital organs; a kind of monstrosity 
rendering them unfit for generation, although atten- 
tive examination may generally exhibit the true sex. 
Hermaphrodites have been described which, instead 
of uniting the attributes of both sexes, cannot be 
considered male or female-neutral hermaphrodites. 
Hermaphroditic, hurm-af-ro-dit'ik. Relating or 
appertaining to an hermaphrodite. 
Hermaphroditismus, hurm-af-ro-dit-iz'mus. Her- 
maphrodeity. H. exter'nus, condition of external 
genital organs when they have characters of both 
sexes. H. femini''nus, subject of the malformation 
is here female, with some male characteristics. H. 
lateral'is, here both sexes are apparent, a testicle 
being present on one side, an ovary on the other. H. 
masculi'nus, presence of organs of female and male. 
H. spu'rius, condition having appearance of blended 
sexual organs, but in which real sex is easily estab- 
lished. H., true, H. verus. H. ve'rus, actual blend- 
ing of sexual organs. 
Hermesia, hur-me'ze-ah. Chemistry. 
Hermetic (hur-met'ik), Hermet'ical (Hennes, Mer- 
cury). Pertaining to chemistry; secret or closely 
sealed. H. doc'trine, doctrine of Hermes, a cele- 
brated Egyptian philosopher, being that part of 
chemistry whose object was the pretended transmu- 
tation of metals. H. seal'ing, the treatment of gun- 
shot wounds, as of the chest, by completely closing 
the edges with sutures and collodion. 
Hermetism, hur'met-ism. Chemistry. 
Hermodac'tyl or Hermodactylus, hur-mo-dak'- 
til-us (Hermus, a river in Asia upon whose bank it 
grows, daktulos, date). The root was formerly used 
as a cathartic. By some it is supposed to be identical 
with the Iris tuberosa; a variety of colchicum-Col- 
chicum Illyricum. 
Hermophilus, hurm-of'il-us (Hermes, Mercury, 
philos, lover). Fond of mercury as a medicine. 
Hernandla (her-nan'de-ah) Guianen'sis. Species of 
plant of Guiana, seeds and roots of which are purga- 
tive. H. ovig'era, of E. Indies, and H. sono'ra, of E. 
and W. Indies, have similar properties. 
Hernia, hur'ne-ah (hernos, a sprout or shoot). Rup- 
ture. Any tumor formed by the displacement of a 
viscus, or a portion of a viscus which has escaped from 
its natural cavity by some aperture and projects ex- 
ternally. Unless otherwise specified, hernia means 
abdominal hernia. Hernias have been arranged 
according to the region or organ affected, the opening 
involved, or the viscera included in them. 
Abdominal hernias are remarkable for their fre- 
quency, variety, and the danger attending them. 
They are produced by the protrusion of the viscera 
of the abdomen through the natural or accidental 
apertures in the parietes of that cavity. The organs 
forming them most freqently are the intestines and 
the epiploon. These herniae' have been divided, ac- 
cording to the apertures by which they escape, into- 
1. Inguinal or Suprapubian herniee, which issue by 
the inguinal canal, are called bubonocele when small, 
and scrotal hernia or oscheocele in man when they 
descend into the scrotum; or vulvar hernia or puden- 
dal or labial hernia, episiocele, in women when they 
extend to the labia majora. See Bubonocele. Direct 
inguinal hernia, ventro-inguinal hernia, is where the 
protruding parts, in place of entering the internal 
ring and descending along the inguinal canal, make 
a direct passage through the parietes of the abdomen 
opposite the external ring. 
2. Crural or Femoral hernia, merocele, when they 
issue by the crural canal. 
3. Infrapubian or Subpubic hernia, obdeocele, opeo- 
cele, opodeocele, hernia foraminis ovalis or obturatoria, 
when the viscera escape through the opening which 
gives passage to the infrapubian vessels. 
4. Ischiatic or Sciatic hernia, when it takes place 
through the sacrosciatic notch. 
5. Umbilical hernia, hernia umbilicalis, exomphalos, 
omphalocele, when it occurs at the umbilicus or near 
it. HERNIA 
6. Epigastric hernia, occurring through the linea 
alba above the umbilicus. 
7. Hypogastric or Infra-umbilical hernia, cceliocele, 
hypogastrocele, when it occurs through the linea alba 
below the umbilicus. 
8. Perineal hernia, mesoscelocele, hernia perimei or 
perinealis, perinseocele, perineocele, when it takes 
place through the levator ani and appears at the per- 
ineum. 
9. Vaginal hernia, colpocele, coleocele, or elytrocele, 
through the parietes of the vagina. 
10. Diaphragmatic hernia, diaphragmatocele, when 
it passes through the diaphragm. The prolongation 
of the hernial sac, in various directions within the 
abdominal walls is called intraparietal or intermus- 
cular hernia. 
Herniae are likewise distinguished, according to 
the viscera forming them, into enterocele, epiplocele, 
entero-epiplocele, gastrocele, cystocele, hepatocele, 
splenocele, etc. 
When a hernia can be restored to its natural cav- 
ity by the aid of pressure, etc. properly applied, it 
is said to be reducible; and it is irreducible when 
adhesion, bulk, etc. oppose its return. When the 
aperture giving passage to the hernia occasions 
more or less constriction of the protruded portion, 
the hernia is said to be incarcerated, hernia ob- 
structa or strangulated, H. strangulata; and if the 
constriction be not removed, constipation, hiccough, 
vomiting, and the signs of violent inflammation, fol- 
lowed by gangrene, supervene, with alteration of the 
features, small pulse, cold extremities, and death. See 
Incarceration. 
Therapeutical indications are - 1. In reducible 
hernia: to replace the viscera in the abdomen by 
taxis, and to retain them there by the use of a truss, 
which, if properly adapted, may effect a radical cure. 
2. Irreducible hernia: to support the tumor by an 
appropriate suspensory bandage. 3. Strangulated 
hernia: to have recourse to taxis, bloodletting, warm 
bath, tobacco glysters, ice to the tumor, and, if 
these should not succeed, to perform an operation, 
consisting in dividing the covering of the hernia 
and cutting the aponeurotic ring causing the stran- 
gulation ; reducing the displaced viscera unless their 
diseased condition should require them to be retained 
without; dressing the wound appropriately; restor- 
ing the course of the faeces by gentle glysters, pre- 
venting or combating inflammation of the abdominal 
viscera; conducting the wound to cicatrization by 
appropriate means; and afterward supporting the 
cicatrix by a bandage. 
Hernia formerly signified also the scrotum and the 
testicle. 
Her'nia, abdom'inal. Hernia; laparocele. H. adi- 
po'sa, H. in which a fatty mass enters into the protrud- 
ing part; lipocele; steatocele. H. adna'ta, congenital 
h. H., aneuris'mal, cirsomphalus; caput Medusae. H. 
annula'ris, umbilical h. H. aquo'sa, hydrocele. 
H. arte'riaa or arteria'rum, hernial aneurism; see 
Aneurism. H., ascend'ing, H., interstitial. H., Be- 
clard's, H. through saphenous opening. H., Ber'- 
kett's, H. into vaginal process of peritoneum. H. 
of the blad'der, cystocele. H. of the blad'der, con- 
gen'ital, see Exstrophia. H. of the brain, encephal- 
ocele. H. bronchia'lis, bronchocele. H., bur'sal, H., 
synovial. H., cae'cal, H. involving the caecum. H. of 
canal' of Nuck, see Canal of Nuck. H. cap'itis, en- 
cephalocele. H. carno'sa, sarcocele; elephantiasis of 
the scrotum. H. of cerebel'lum, parencephalocele. H., 
cer'ebral, encephalocele; fungus cerebri. H. of 
Cloquet, pectineal h.; see Merocele. H., concealed, 
H. of such small size that it is impossible to detect 
the protruding part. H., congen'ital, H. of infancy; 
protrusion of some of the contents of the abdomen 
into the tunica vaginalis testis, owing to a want of 
adhesion between its sides after the descent of the 
testicle; H. into vaginal process of peritoneum. H. 
of Coo'per (Sir Astley), see Merocele. H. cor'nese, 
ceratocele. H., cru'ral, femoral h.; merocele. H., 
cys'tic, cystocele. H. of di'aphragm, see Hernia; dia- 
526 
HERNIA 
phragmatic hernia. H., divertic'ular, H. containing 
diverticulum of intestine; H. Littrica. H. dorsa'lis, 
lumbar h. H., encyst'ed, vaginal h. H. enterovagi'- 
nal, see Enterocele. H., epigas'tric, see Hernia and 
Ventral hernia. H., epip'loic, epiplocele. H., exter- 
nal in'guinal, form of inguinal h. in which the neck 
of the sac is external to the epigastric artery and sper- 
matic cord or round ligament of the uterus. H., fat'ty, 
lipocele; steatocele. H., fem'oral, merocele. H. flatu- 
len'ta, pneumatocele. H. foram'inis ova'lis, obturator 
h.; see Hernia. H., funic'ular, H. into umbilical cord 
or its covering. H., gas'tric, gastrocele. H. guttura'- 
lis or gut'turis, bronchocele. H. of heart, cardio- 
cele. H. hepat'ica, hepatocele. H. of Hes'sel- 
bach, see Merocele. H., hour'-glass, see Hour- 
glass. H. humora'lis, inflammation of the testicle; 
swelled testicle; epididymitis. Swelling and in- 
flammation of the testicle are common symptoms 
of gonorrhoea, but may arise from external injuries 
or other causes. It affects the epididymis more espe- 
cially. When supervening on gonorrhoea or blennor- 
rhoea, it is sometimes termed blennorrhagic epidid- 
ymitis or gonorrhoeal orchitis. H., hypogas'tric, see 
Hernia. H. Immo'bilis, irreducible h. H. incar- 
cera'ta, see Hernia and Enteroperistole. H., incar 
cerated, H. so constricted as to prevent return 
of the contents; see Hernia. H., incomplete', H., 
interstitial; form of inguinal h. in which the 
sac does not extend beyond the abdominal ring. H. 
of in'fancy, H., congenital. H., infrapu'bian, obtu- 
rator h.; see Hernia. H., infra-umbil'ical, see Hernia. 
H. ingen'ita, H., congenital. H., in'guinal, H. 
through inguinal canal; bubonocele; see Hernia. 
H., in'guino-properitone'al, see Inguino-properitoneal. 
H., intermus'cular, see Hernia. H., inter'nal, H. 
in interior of body that is not visible, as diaphrag- 
matic hernia. H., interstitial, H. between two lay- 
ers of aponeurosis, as in the abdominal wall; incom- 
plete inguinal hernia. H., intestinal or intestino'- 
rum, enterocele. H. intestina'lis omenta'lis, entero- 
epiplocele. H., intrapari'etal, interstitial h.; see 
Hernia. H. i'ridis, ptosis iridis. H., irreductble, 
see Hernia. H. ischiad'ica, or ischiattca, or ischy- 
adtca, ischiocele. H. of kid'ney, nephrocele. H., 
Krontein's, H. having both peritoneal and inguinal 
sacs. H., la'bial, pudendal hernia. H., lac'rymal, 
see Lacrymal. H., lat'eral, diverticular h. H. of 
Laugier, see Merocele. H. liena'les, splenocele. H., 
Littre's, H. Littrica. H. Litttica or Littria'na, di- 
verticular hernia. Hernia first described by Littre, 
in which the intestinal canal proper is not included 
in the hernial sac, the protruded portion of intestine 
consisting of a digital prolongation of the ileum, 
which he concluded was formed by the gradual ex- 
tension of a knuckle of the bowel that had been en- 
gaged in the inguinal canal. H. of liv'er, hepatocele. 
H., lum'bar, see Ventral hernia. H. of lung, pneu- 
mocele. H., Malgaigne's, congenital h. H., mesen- 
ter'ic, duodeno-jejunal h. H., mesocol'ic, H. caused 
by the bowels gliding between the layers of the meso- 
colon. H., mixed, entero-epiplocele. H. mo'bilis, re- 
ducible h. H., oblique in'guinal, indirect hernia 
entering the internal abdominal ring and passing out 
of the external abdominal ring. H. obstruc'ta, see 
Hernia. H. obturato'ria, see Hernia. H. oc'uli, ex- 
ophthalmia. H. oesoph'agi, pharyngocele. H.,omen'- 
tal, epiplocele. H. oschea'lis, scrotal hernia. H. 
ova'rii, ovarial hernia; condition is generally con- 
genital, caused by the entrance of the ovary into a 
hernial sac, usually inguinal. H. parorchido-enter'- 
ica, parorchido-enterocele. H., Part'ridge's, femoral 
hernia anterior to, or to outer side of, femoral vessels. 
H., pectine'al, H. passing internal to and behind the 
femoral vessels or pectineus muscle. H. perinae'i or 
perinea'lis, see Hernia. H., Petit's, lumbar h. H. 
pharyn'gis, pharyngocele. H., phren'ic, diaphrag- 
matic h. H. pinguedino'sa scro'ti, liparocele. H. of 
pleu'ra, pleurocele. H. pleu'rica et pulmona'lis, 
pleurocele. H., properitone'al, H., Kronlein's. H. 
pudenda'lis, pudendal or labial hernia. H., pur'u- 
lent, empyocele. H., rectovagi'nal, see Rectocele. r HERPES 
an inflamed base; generally attended with heat, pain, 
and considerable constitutional disorder. The name 
has been applied to a large number of dissimilar dis- 
eases. The ancients had three varieties : the miliary, 
vesicular, and eroding. The following varieties are 
usually described : 1. Herpes phlycteenodes, herpes mili- 
aris, ecphlysis herpes miliaris, nirles, in which the ves- 
icles are millet-sized; pellucid; clusters commencing 
on an uncertain part of the body and being progres- 
sively strewed over the rest of the surface ; succeeded 
by fresh crops. 2. Herpes zoster, zoster, zona ignea or 
serpiginosa, ignis Persicus, cincilla, cingulum, sacer 
ignis, ecphlysis herpes zoster, herpes periscelis, ery- 
sipelas zoster or phlyctaenoides or pustulosa, zona, 
circinus, perzoma ; shingles, in which the vesicles are 
pearl-sized, the clusters spreading round the body 
like a girdle, at times confluent, and occasionally pre- 
ceded by constitutional irritation. A form of this 
affection seen on the side of the nose, the upper eye- 
lid, and the forehead is called herpes zoster frontalis 
or ophthalmicus, browshingles. 3. Herpes circinatus, 
formica ambulatoria, annulus repens, herpes ser- 
pigo, tinea circinata, serpigo, ecphlysis herpes cir- 
cinatus, ringworm, vesicular ringworm, consisting 
of vesicles with a reddish base, uniting in rings, 
the area of the rings slightly discolored; often 
followed by fresh crops. 4. Herpes labialis, and 5, 
Herpes prseputialis, aphthae prseputii, ulcuscula prae- 
putii, appearing, respectively, on the lips and prepuce. 
6. Herpes iris, iris rainbow worm, occurring in small 
circular patches, each composed of concentric rings 
of different colors. To these may be added Herpes 
exedens, forms of which are H. esthiomenus or de- 
pascens or ferus or estiomenus or ferox, ecphlysis 
herpes exedens, darta excoriativa or maligna, lupus 
non exedens, vitiligo, leuce, formica corrosiva, formix, 
papula fera, ulcerative ringworm, agria, in which the 
vesicles are hard; clusters thronged; fluid dense, 
yellow, or reddish, hot, acrid, corroding the sub- 
jacent skin, and spreading in serpentine trails. 
H. auricula'ris, zoster auricularis. H., bilat'eral, 
zoster attacking both sides of the body at once. H., 
black, H., hemorrhagic. H. cerdo'num, H. of those 
working with their hands in their occupations. H. 
cervi'cis, vesicular eruption on cervix uteri. H. 
chron'icus, lichen planus. H. circina'tus, see Herpes. 
H. colla'ris, eruption on neck of priests and others 
who wear dyed goods around their necks. H., 
con'fluent, probably a form of H. zoster, with neur- 
algia and general disturbance of the system. H. 
conjuncti'vaa, conjunctivitis phlyctsenulosa. H. cor'- 
neae, phlyctenular corneitis or keratitis; inflamma- 
tion of the cornea, accompanied with the appearance 
of vesicles. When the latter are numerous and 
occupy considerable expanse of the cornea, the affec- 
tion is known as pannus scrofulosus ; see Ophthalmia 
and Corneitis. H. crusta'ceus, impetigo; eczema im- 
petiginosum. H. depas'cens, H. exedens; lupus; see 
Herpes. H. desqua'mans, tinea imbricata. H. devas'- 
tans, lupus vulgaris. H. epizoo'ticus contagio'sus, 
contagious herpetoid affection of throat and other 
parts of the body, said to be derived from foot-and- 
mouth disease of cattle; aphtha epizobtica. H. ero'- 
dens, herpetic eruption with destruction of tissue. 
H. esthiom'enus or estiom'enus, H. exedens; see 
Herpes. H. exe'dens, see Herpes and Lupus. H. 
facia'lis, herpes of the face. H. farino'sus, eczema 
papulosum; pityriasis. H. fe'rox or fe'rus, H. exe- 
dens ; lupus; see Herpes. H. figura'tus, herpes. H. 
furfura'ceus, pityriasis. H. furfura'ceus circina'tus, 
lepra; H. exedens. H. genita'lis, acute H. of genital 
organs of male. H. gestatio'nis, chronic herpetic 
eruption in latter stages of pregnancy; impetigo her- 
petiformis; pemphigus. H., gut'tural, pharyngitis, 
diphtheritic. H., hemorrha'gic, herpes with exuda- 
tion of blood into the vesicles; a serious condition. 
H. hu'midus exul'cerans, impetigo. H. impetigini- 
for'mis or impetlgino'sus, impetigo herpetiformis. 
H. of i'ris, eczema impetiginosum; tinea circinata ; 
t. tonsurans; see Herpes. H. labia'lis, see Herpes. 
H. maculo'sus, H. attended with loss of hair; H. ton- 
HERNIA-KNIFE 
fl. of rec'tum, proctocele. H., reducible, see Hernia. 
H. rena'lis, nephrocele. H., retroperitone'al, see 
Retroperitoneal. H. sac'ci lacryma'lis, lacrymal 
hernia, mucocele. H., sacrorec'tal, proctocele from 
incomplete ossification of the sacrum. H. sanguin'ea, 
haematocele, haematomphalocele. H., sciat'ic, ischio- 
cele. H., scro'tal, scrotocele, oscheocele. H. semi- 
na'lis scro'ti, spermatocele. H. spi'nae, hydrorrha- 
chis. H., sple'nic, splenocele. H. of stomach, gas- 
trocele. H., stran'gulated, see Hernia. H., subpu'- 
bic, see Hernia. H., suprapu'bian, H., inguinal. 
H., syno'vial, projection of synovial membrane 
through ruptured capsular ligament of an articula- 
tion. H. tes'tis, benign fungus of the testis, granular 
swelling of the testis. Protrusion of the tubuli of the 
testicle through a rupture or ulceration of its fibrous 
envelope, the tunica albuginea; orchiocele. H., thor- 
a'cic, diaphragmatic h.; intercostal h.; cardiocele ; 
pneumonocele. H., thy'roid, H., obturator. H. of the 
tongue, glossocele. H., umbil'ical, epiplomphalon, 
exomphalos. H. of umbilical cord, congenital um- 
bilical hernia. H. umbili'ci aquo'sa, hydromphalum. 
H. u'rachi, uromphalus. H. u'teri, hysterocele. H., 
u'veal, prolapse of iris, staphyloma iridis. H. of 
vagi'na, elytrocele; see Hernia. H. varlco'sa, cirso- 
cele, varicocele. H., Velpean''s, femoral h. protrud- 
ing anterior to the vessels. H. vena'rum, varix. H. 
ven'eris, hernia humoralis, orchitis. H. vento'sa, 
physocele. H., ven'tral, see Ventral. H. ventric'uli, 
gastrocele. H., ven'tro-in'guinal, direct inguinal h. 
H. vesi'cae urina'rise, cystocele. H., vesical, cysto- 
cele. H., vesicovagi'nal, see Cystocele. H., vul'var, 
pudendal or labial hernia. H. of the womb, hystero- 
cele. H. zirbalis, epiplocele. 
Her'nia-knife. Herniotome. 
Hernial, hur'ne-al. Belonging to or concerning 
hernia. H. ring, constricted part of hernial sac. H. 
sac, peritoneal fold carried forward by the intestine 
in hernia. 
Herniaria (hur-ne-ah're-ah) alpes'tris, gla'bra, 
hirsu'ta, or vulga'ris. European species used in her- 
nia, dropsies, urinary and renal diseases; rupture 
wort, rupture herb; astringent and diuretic. 
Herniated, hur'ne-a-ted. Term applied to part 
enveloped in a hernial sac. 
Herniemphragmus (hur-ne-em-frag'mus) or Her- 
niemphraxis, hur-ne-em-fraks'is (hernia, emphragmos, 
obstruction). Mechanical obstruction of the hernial 
canal for radical cure of hernia. 
Herniencoleosis, hur-ne-en-kol-e-o'sis (hernia, en, 
in, koleos, sheath). Invagination of integument into 
the inguinal canal. 
Hernioenterotomy, hur-ne-o-en-ter-ot'o-me (hernia, 
enter on, intestine, tome, incision). Herniotomy with 
cnterotomy. 
Herniolaparotomy, hur-ne-o-lap-ur-ot'o-me (hernia, 
lapara, the loins, tome, incision). Abdominal section 
practised in case of hernia. 
Herniol'ogy (hernia, logos, discourse). Discourse on 
or description of hernia. 
Herniopuncture, hur-ne-o-punk'shur. Operation 
of puncturing a hernia. 
Hernioschoncus, hurn-e-os-kon'kus (hernia, osche, 
scrotum, onkos, tumor). Scrotal hernia. 
Herniotome, hur'ne-o-tome (hernia, tome, incision). 
Knife adapted to operations for hernia. 
Herniotomy, hur-ne-ot'o-me (same etymon). See 
Celotomy. 
Hernious, hur'ne-us. Hernial. 
Heroic, he-ro'ik. Epithet applied to remedies or 
practice of a violent character. 
Herophilus (her-of'il-us), tor'cular of. See Tor- 
cular. 
Herpedon (hur-pe'don) orHerpen, hur'pen. Herpes. 
Herpes, her'pees (herpo, to creep, because it creeps 
and spreads about the skin). Tetter, Fret. Vesicular 
disease, which, in most of its forms, passes through a 
regular course of increase, maturation, decline, and 
termination in from ten to fourteen days. Vesicles 
arise in distinct but irregular clusters, commonly 
appearing in quick succession, and near together, on 
527 H ERPESTHIOM ENUS 
surans maculosus; tinea tonsurans. H. malig'nus, 
lupus. H. milia'ris, H. phlyctsenoides; miliaria ; see 
Herpes. H. mor'dax, lupus. H. neurit'icus, zoster. 
H. ophthalmicus, see Herpes. H. periscelis, H. 
zoster. H. phagedse'nicus, lupus exedens. H. phlyc- 
taenoi'des, see Herpes. H. prseputia'lis, see Herpes. 
H. progenita'lis, acute H. of the male genital organs. 
H. pseudosyph'ilis, H. progenitalis. H. pudenda'lis, 
acute H. of female genital organs. H. pustulo'sus, 
impetigo; acne; sycosis. H. pyse'micus, impetigo her- 
petiformis. H. ro'dens, lupus. H. scrophulo'sus, 
psoriasis. H. serpi'go or serpigino'sus, H. cir- 
cinatus; lupus; eczema impetiginosum. H. sic'- 
cus, H. furfuraceus. H. squamo'sus, psoriasis; 
eczema squamosum. H. squamo'sus mad'idans, 
eczema rubrum. H. ton'dens or ton'surans, ring- 
worm ; porrigo decalvans; mycosis tricophytina; tinea 
tonsurans; t. tricophytina: t. circinata. H. unilate- 
ra'lis, zoster. H. uteri'na, H. cervicis. H. veg'etans, 
impetigo herpetiformis. H. vesiculo'sus, tinea ton- 
surans. H. vo'rax, lupus vorax. H. vulva'ris, H. 
pudendalis. H. zos'ter, see Herpes, H. gestationis, 
Zoster. H. zos'ter ophthal'micus, severe form of 
zoster attacking the eyes. 
Herpesthiom'enus (herpes, esthio, to eat). Lupus 
exedens. 
Herpes'tis cuneifo'lia or monie'ria or monnie'ra. 
Species of Scrophularinese, of U. States and India; 
antipyretic, aperient, diuretic. 
Herpet'ic. Of nature of herpes ; relating to herpes. 
Herpetiform, hur-pet'i-form (herpes and forma). 
Resembling or possessing the character of herpes. 
Her'petism. Dartrous diathesis; chronic consti- 
tutional condition inducing disease of the skin; tend- 
ency or liability to eruptions of herpes. 
Herpetog'raphy (herpes, grapho, description). De- 
scription of the different forms of herpes. 
Herpetol'ogy. Treatise on herpes; also on reptiles 
(herpeton, reptile). 
Herpeton, hur'pet-on. Creeping eruption or ulcer. 
Herpylos, hur'pil-os. Thymus serpyllum. 
Hesperetin (hes-per-et'in) or Hesperrhetin, hes-per- 
rhet'in. CigHiiOg. When hesperidin is acted on by 
dilute acids it is converted into hesperetin and glu- 
cose. 
Hesper'idin. C22H26O12. Glucoside from bitter 
orange- and lemon-peel; substance of similar name is 
derived from shaddock. 
Hesperia alliaria, hes'per-is al-le-ah're-ah (hespera, 
evening). Alliaria. H. matrona'lis, dame's violet; 
European plant, used in dysuria, colds, etc. 
Hesselbach (hes'sel-bach), hernia of. Crural hernia 
with multilocular sac; see Merocele. H., tri'angle of, 
see Triangle. 
Hetae'ro-col'ica (hetaira, prostitute, Icolikos, affect- 
ed with colic). Colica scortorum or colic of prosti- 
tutes. 
Heteradelphia, het-er-ad-elf'e-ah (heteros, another). 
Double monstrosity, of which one portion may be 
regarded as the stem or trunk to which another 
organized part, less developed than itself, is affixed as 
a parasite. 
Heteradelphus, het-er-ad-el'fus (hetero, adelphos, 
brother). Monster in condition of heteradelphia. 
Heteracephalus, het-er-ah-sef'al-us (hetero, kephale, 
head). Monstrosity with two dissimilar heads. 
Heterade'nla (hetero, aden, gland). Accidental tissue 
having glandular structure, but occurring in parts 
devoid of glands. 
Heteraden'ic or Heteradenoid, het-er-ad'en-oid. 
Relating to heteradenia or abnormal gland-structure. 
Heteradenoma, het-er-ad-en-o'mah. Glandiform 
tumor in an unusual locality. 
Hetero, het'er-o (heteros, other). In composition, 
other. 
Heteroalbumose, het-er-o-al'bu-moze. Form of al- 
bumose resembling globulin, insoluble in distilled 
water, coagulable by heat. 
Heteroautoplasty, het-er-o-awt'o-plast-e. Plastic 
surgery using another part or individual for flaps. 
Heteroblastic, het-er-o-blas'tik (hetero, blastos, for- 
528 
HETEROLOGOUS 
mative). Producing different kind of tissue or 
structure. 
Heterocele, het-er-o-se'le (Eng. het'er-o-seel) {hetero, 
kele, tumor). Hernia into another organ, as the rec- 
tum when prolapsed. 
Heterocephalous, het-er-o-sef'al-us. Monster hav- 
ing two dissimilar heads. 
Heterochiral, het-er-o-ki'ral {hetero, cheir, hand). 
Term to express motion of a horse, as in trotting, when 
the hind and fore feet act together. 
Heterochroic (het-er-o-kro'ik) or Heterochro'mous 
{hetero, chroia, color). Having different color or colors. 
Heterochromatosis, het-er-o-kro-mat-o'sis {hetero, 
chroma, color). Abnormal discoloration of skin, as 
seen in the blueness of surface after use of nitrate of 
silver; argyria. 
Hetero chronia (het-er-o-kron'e-ah) or Heter- 
och'ronism {hetero, chronos, time). Deviation as to 
time in the formation or action of parts. 
Heterochronic (het-er-o-kron'ik) or Heteroch'ro- 
nus {hetero, chronos, time). Relating to difference of 
time ; a heterochronic pulse is one of varying rhythm, 
an irregular or intermittent pulse. 
Heterochymeusis, het-er-o-ke-mu'sis {hetero, chu- 
meusis, mixture). State of the blood in which it con- 
tains other matters than in health, as urea, bile, etc. 
Heteroclite, het'er-o-klite {hetero, klino, to bend). 
See Homology and Tissues. 
Heteroc'iitous. Abnormally or unnaturally bent 
or distorted. 
Heterocrania, het-er-o-kran'e-ah. Hemicrania ; un- 
symmetrical condition of two sides of the skull. 
Heterocrasia, het-er-o-kraz'e-ah {hetero, krasis, 
state of humors). Unnatural condition or mixture 
of humors of the body. 
Heterocrinia, het-er-o-krin'e-ah {hetero, krino, to 
separate). Modification in the character or situation 
of secretions. 
Heterocrisis, het-er-ok'ris-is. Abnormal or un- 
natural crisis of disease. 
Heterodermotrophy, het-er-o-derm-ot'ro-fe {hetero, 
derma, skin, trophe, nourishment). Change or impair- 
ment of nutrition of skin. 
Heterodesmotic, het-er-o-des-mot'ik {hetero, desmos, 
bond). Binding other parts. H. fi'bres, fibres of 
nerves associating nervous centres with other parts 
of the nervous system or with external organs. 
Heterodidymia (het-er-o-did-im'e-ah) or Hetero- 
dymia, het-er-o-dim'e-ah {hetero, didumos, twin). 
Heteradelphia. 
Heterodidymus, het-er-o-did'im-us. Heteradelphus. 
Het'erodyme. Monstrosity in which supernume- 
rary foetus has an imperfectly developed head con- 
nected by the neck or an incomplete thorax. 
Heterogeneous, het-er-o-je'ne-us {hetero, genos, 
kind). Of a different kind. 
Heterogenesia, het-er-o-jen-es'e-ah {hetero, genesis, 
generation). Want of power of fecundation, as some- 
times occurs in crossing breeds of animals. 
Heterogenesis, het-er-o-jen'es-is {hetero, genesis, 
generation). Anomaly in organic formation; abro- 
genesis. Formation and development of offspring, 
which undergo a different existence from that of the 
parent. See Generation. 
Heterogenetic, het-er-o-jen-et'ik (same etymon). 
Relating to heterogenesis; resulting from external 
causes. 
Heterogeny, het-er-oj'en-e (same etymon). Gen- 
eration without sexual organs or intercourse; hetero- 
genesis. 
Heteroglobulose, het-er-o-glob'u-loze. Result of 
digestive action on globulin. 
Heteroinfection, het-er-o-in-fek'shun. Infection 
from without, not originating in the body. Infection 
through one who is not himself infected. 
Heteroi'osis. Change, as of structure. 
Heterolalia, het-er-o-lal'e-ah {hetero, laleo, to speak). 
Using words not intended; heterophonia. 
Heterologous(het-er-ol'o-gus) tis'sues {hetero, logos, 
condition). Different in shape or structure from that 
which is natural or usual. See Tissues. HETEROLOGY 
Heterology, het-er-ol'o-je (same etymon). Forma- 
tion of structure or tissue different from that in 
which it is developed or from some structure or tis- 
sue taken as a standard. 
Heterolopy, hel-er-ol'o-pe (hetero, lopos, bark). 
Formation of morbid crusts or scales. 
Heterometria, het-er-o-met're-ah (hetero, metron, 
measure). Variation in the quantity of parts. 
Heteromorphism, het-er-o-morf'izm (hetero, morphe, 
shape). Deviation from the natural shape of parts. 
Crystallization in different forms. 
Heteromorphosis, het-er-o-morf-o'sis (hetero, morphe, 
shape). Malformation; genus of skin diseases, in- 
cluding nsevus, polytrichia, and other malformations. 
Heteromorphous, het-er-o-mor'fus (same etymon). 
Of different form; heterologous or polymorphous. 
See Homology. 
Heteronomous, het-er-on'o-mus (hetero, nomos, law). 
Governed by laws which regulate other bodies. Of 
different structure. Abnormal. 
Heteronymous, het-er-on'im-us (hetero, onuma, 
name). Crossed. 
Heteropagia, het-er-o-paj'e-ah (hetero, pago, to 
unite together). Double monstrosity in which the 
accessory subject is very small and imperfect, but 
provided with a distinct head and at least rudimental 
lower limbs, its body being implanted on the anterior 
surface of the body of the principal subject. The 
monster is called Heteropagus. 
Heteropathy, het-er-op'ath-e (hetero, pathos, affec- 
tion). Counter-irritation; allopathy. 
Heterophasia, het-er-o-faz'e-ah (hetero, phasis, 
speech). Heterolalia; heterophonia. 
Heterophemy, het-er-o-fe'me (hetero, phemi, to 
speak). Heterophonia. 
Heterophlegmasia, het-er-o-fleg-maz'e-ah (hetero, 
phlegmasia, inflammation). Counter-irritation. 
Heterophonia, het-er-o-fo'ne-ah (hetero, phone, 
voice). Cracked or broken voice; change of the 
voice or speech; speaking words not intended. 
Heterophoria, het-er-o-for'e-ah (hetero, phoros, carry- 
ing). Departure of lines of vision from the parallel, 
as exophoria, esophoria, hyperphoria, according as 
the lines tend outward, inward, or one above the 
other. 
Heterophthalmia (het-er-of-thal'me-ah) or Heter- 
ophthal'mus (hetero, ophthalmos, eye). Difference in 
the two eyes, as when one squints or is of a different 
color or size. 
Heteroplasia, het-er-o-plaz'e-ah (hetero, plasso, to 
form). Formation of a heteroplasm or abnormal tis- 
sue or structure. 
Heteroplasm, het'er-o-plazm. Morbid formation 
foreign to the economy, composed of elements differ- 
ent from those found in it in the normal condition. 
Heteroplastic, het-er-o-plas'tik. Eelating to, or 
having the nature of, a heteroplasm; heterologous. 
Heteroplas'tid. Organ whose cells are divided 
in their duties in maintaining the life of the individual 
and of the species. 
Heteroplasty, het'er-o-plas-te. Irregular plastic or 
formative action or operation; plastic operation in 
which the lost surface is filled by drafts upon other 
persons, as in the transference of grafts of skin in loss 
of superficial soft parts. 
Heteropodia (het-er-o-pod'e-ah) or Heteropody, het- 
er-op'od-e (hetero, pous, foot). Condition in which 
the feet differ in size. See Heteropus. 
Heteroprosopus,het-er-o-pros-o'pus (hetero, prosopon, 
countenance). Monster having two faces, usually 
dissimilar. 
Heteropus, het'er-op-us (hetero, pous, foot). One 
who has one foot different from the other. 
Heterorexia (het-er-or-eks'e-ah) or Heterorhex'ia 
(hetero, orexis, appetite). Depravation of appetite. 
Heterorrhythmus, het-er-or-rhith'mus (hetero, rhuth- 
mos, rhythm). Having another rhythm, as the pulse 
when it is such as is usually felt at a different age. 
Heterosarcoses, het-er-o-sar-ko'sees (hetero, sarx, 
flesh). Class of diseases which consist in the forma- 
tion of accidental or heterologous tissues. 
529 
HEXYLAMINE 
Heteroscelous, het-er-os'sel-us {hetero, skelos, leg). 
Having legs of unlike appearance or unsymmetrical. 
Heteroscopy, het-er-os'ko-pe {hetero, skopeo, to see). 
Unnatural vision ; dissimilar vision of the two eyes. 
Heterostomy, het-er-os'to-me {hetero, stoma, mouth). 
Want of symmetry of the two sides of the mouth. 
Heterotaxia (het-er-o-taks'e-ah) or Heterotax'is 
{hetero, taxis, order). Malformation consisting in the 
general transposition of organs; change in the re- 
lation of organs, as of the viscera. 
Heterothermal, het-er-o-thur'mal {hetero, therme, 
heat). Of different temperature; cold-blooded. 
Heterotop'ia. Heterotopy. 
Heterotopy, het-er-ot'o-pe {hetero, topos, place). 
Deviation from the natural position of parts, objec- 
tive heterotopia. Subjective heterotopia is a sensa- 
tion of displacement or approximation, such as is 
experienced in the stump of an amputated limb. 
Plastic heterotopia is formation of tissue in unusual 
localities. H., troph'ic, heteroplasia. 
Heterotrichosis, het-er-o-trik-o'sis {hetero, thri., 
hair). Having hair of different shades or colors. 
Heterotropa asaroides, het-er-ot'ro-pah as-a-ro- 
e'dees. Species of asarum, having carminative, diaph- 
oretic, and diuretic properties. 
Heterotrophia, het-er-o-trof'e-ah {hetero, trophe, 
nourishment). Abnormal or disordered nutrition, 
from whatever cause. 
Heterotrop'ia {hetero, trepo, to turn). Act of turn- 
ing in a wrong direction. Strabismus. 
Heterot'ropous {hetero, trepo, to turn). Turned in 
an unusual or abnormal direction. 
Heterotypic, het-er-o-tip'ik {hetero, tupos, type). 
Term referring to a double monster in which the 
parasite is attached to the front part of the main indi- 
vidual. 
Heteroxanthine, het-er-o-zan'theen. CgHoXiOs. 
Leucoma'ine discovered in urine. See Leucomaines 
(table). 
Hettocyrtosis, het-to-sur-to'sis {hetton, slight, kur- 
tosis, curvature). Slight curvature. 
Heubner's disease. Syphilitic affection of the 
arteries of the encephalon. 
Heuchera, hoich-a'ra (after Prof. Heucher, botanist 
at Wittemberg). H. cortusa. H. acerifo'lia or cor- 
tu'sa, Alum root, American sanicle, Groundmaple, Cliff- 
weed, Splitrock. The root is a powerful astringent. 
The American Indians apply the powdered root to 
wounds, ulcers, and cancers. H. cortu'sa, H. cylin'- 
drica, H. micran'tha, H. parviflo'ra, and H. pubes'- 
cens, all growing in U. S., are astringent. H. Richard- 
so'nii, used medicinally by the Indians, who chew its 
astringent root, and apply it as a vulnerary to wounds 
and sores. H. villo'sa, indigenous; properties like 
those of H. cortusa. H. vis'cida, H. cortusa. 
Heudelotia (hu-del-o'she-ah) Africa'na (after Heu- 
delot, garden director on the Senegal). See Bdellium, 
Balsamodendron Africanum. 
Hevea (he've-ah) Brasilien'sis. Tree of Brazil, a 
source of caoutchouc. H. Guianen'sis, Siphonia 
elastica; see Caoutchouc. 
Hex'ad {hex, six). In chemistry, sexvalent. 
Hexagium, heks-aj'e-um {hex, six). Sixth part of 
an ounce. 
Hexagon, heks'a-gon {hex, six, gonia, angle). Hav- 
ing six sides or angles. H., arte'rial, circle of Willis. 
Hexathyridium pinguicola, heks-ath-ir-id'e-um 
pin-gwik'o-lah {hex, six, thuridion, a little door). Spe- 
cies of trematode worms; see Parasites. H. vena'- 
rum, trematode worms found in veins and sputa; 
see Parasites. 
Hexchlorethene, heks-klor-e'theen. Trichloride of 
carbon. 
Hexicology, heks-ik-ol'o-je {hexis, habit, logos, dis- 
course, description). Discourse on, or description of, 
habits or constitution. 
Hexis, heks'is. Habit of body, constitution; hence 
hectic, cachectic, etc. 
Hexyl chloral, heks'il klo'ral. CeHgChO. Obtained 
by distillation from butyl chloral. Hypnotic. 
Hexylamine, heks-il'am-een. CylliyX. Ptomaine HEYD1A HORRIDA 
occurring in the putrefaction of yeast; also found in 
cod-liver oil. Caproylamine. 
Hey'dia hor'rida. Malabar tree, seeds of which 
are used in mania, the bark in affections of the bowels 
and dropsy. 
Hey's amputa'tion (after Mr. William Hey, surgeon, 
Leeds, England). Amputation of the foot by disarticu- 
lation of metatarsal from tarsal bones, the internal 
cuneiform bone being sawn across. H.'s lig'ament, 
falciform process of fascia lata. H.'s saw, saw for ex- 
traction of fragments of the cranium after fractures. 
Hi'ant (hio, to be opening). Gaping, yawning; hav- 
ing a fissure. 
Hiatus, he-at'us (hio, to gape). Foramen or aper- 
ture. Mouth; vulva. Yawning. See Helicotrema, 
Coloboma. H. aor'ticus diaphrag'matis, aortic for- 
amen, opening in the diaphragm for the passage of 
the abdominal aorta. H. cana'lis facia'lis or Fal- 
lo'pii, opening in aquaeductus Fallopii. H. cana'lis 
sacra'lis, H. sacralis. H. Fallo'pii, opening into 
aquaeductus Fallopii. H. femora'lis, crural ring. 
H. interos'seus antibrach/ii, space between oblique 
ligament of radius and interosseous ligament. H. 
Magen'dii, foramen of Magendie. H. maxillazris, 
opening between middle meatus of nose and antrum 
of Highmore. H. obturato'rius, aperture of obtura- 
tor canal in the pelvis. H. occip'ito-petro'sus, fora- 
men lacerus posterius. H. oesophage'us, opening for 
oesophagus in diaphragm; foramen cesophageum. H. 
pel'vicus latera'lis, aperture for departure of vessels 
from the pelvis below H. obturatorius. H. sacra'lis, 
opening at lower extremity of sacral canal made by 
want of completion of laminae of last sacral vertebra. 
H. of Scar'pa, H. of Winslow. H. semiluna'ris, 
opening on external wall of middle meatus of the nose; 
opening of brachial fascia. H. sphenopetro'sus, for- 
amen lacerum medius. H. spina'lis congen'ita, spina 
bifida. H. subarcua'tus, fossa on posterior surface 
of petrous portion of temporal bone, lodging floccu- 
lus of cerebellum. H. ve'nae saphe'nse par'vae, aper- 
ture for external saphenous vein as it passes into 
deep fascia of leg. H. of Winslow, foramen of Wins- 
low; opening behind the lesser omentum and the 
vessels and nerves of the liver, forming communica- 
tion between the peritoneal cavity and that of the 
omenta. 
Hibernation, hi-bur-na'shon (hiberno, to winter). 
Winter-sleep. State of torpidity in which certain 
animals pass the winter, the organic actions being 
reduced so low that animation seems suspended. 
Hibis'ci cap'sulse. Unripe capsules of Hibiscus 
esculentus, having demulcent and diuretic properties. 
Hibis'cus or Hibis'cum. Althaea. H. abelmos'- 
chus, Abelmosch, Abelmusk, Maskmallow, ord. Malvaceae. 
Name of the plant whose seeds are called grana 
moschi or muskseed. Indigenous in Egypt and the 
Indies. The seeds are chiefly used as perfumes. 
H. esculen'tus, Okra, Okro, Gombo; plant, the green 
pods of which abound in mucilage, and are used for 
soups. In the East the root is employed as a demul- 
cent like althaea. H. moscha'tus, Marsh hibiscus; 
indigenous; properties like those of marshmallow. 
H. popule'us, balimbago; small Molucca tree; fruit 
is full of a juice similar to camboge; root is emetic; 
used in chronic diarrhoea, colic, dyspepsia, etc. H. 
ro'sa Sinen'sis, rose of China ; astringent and demul- 
cent. H. tilia'ceus, corkwood; mucilaginous and 
emollient; properties belonging also to H. trionum- 
Venice mallow, Flower of an hour-of U. States and 
Southern Europe, and H. vitifo'lius, of E. Indies. 
Hibrida, hib'rid-ah. Hybrid. 
Hiccough, hik'kup ([G.] hickkop, by onomatopoeia). 
See Singultus. 
Hickory, hik'o-re. Name of several American trees 
of the genus Carya, order Juglandaceae. The leaves 
are usually aromatic, and are reputed antispasmodic; 
the bark of the species having bitter nuts, as Carya 
amara and C. porcina, is astringent. The fruit of 
Carya olivaeformis is pecan or peccan nut, and of C. 
sulcata and C. alba, shellbark or shagbark. The 
hickory nut is called also kiskitomas nut. 
530 
HIERACIUM 
Hidden (hid'n) seiz'ures. Obscure encephalic and 
spinal attacks of epileptoid character, which may be 
owing to trachelismus or spasmodic action of muscles 
of the neck from pressure of veins of that region. 
Hide'bound. Having tightness of skin, as in sclero- 
derma. 
Hidradeni'tis or Hydroadenitis, hid-ro-ad-en-e'tis. 
Inflammation of sweat-glands. 
Hidrischesis, hid-ris'kes-is. Hidroschesis. 
Hidroa, hid-ro'ah {hidros, sweat). Desudatio; 
hydroa; sudamina. 
Hidroadenitis, hid-ro-ad-en-e'tis {hidros, aden, 
gland, itis, inflammation). Inflammation of sweat- 
glands. 
Hidroanchone, he-dro-an'kon-e {hidros, anchone, 
strangling). Miliaria aginosa. 
Hidrocryptoses, hid-ro-krip-to'sees {hidros, kruptos, 
concealed). Cutaneous diseases involving the appara- 
tus of perspiration. 
Hi'dromancy. Prognosis from perspiration. 
Hidronosus (hid-ron'o-sus) or Hidronu'sus {hidros, 
nosos or nousos, disease). Disease accompanied by 
violent sweats; sudor Anglicus ; disease of the sweat- 
apparatus. 
Hidropedesis, he-dro-ped-a'sis {hidros, pedao, to 
bound). Excessive or colliquative sweating. 
Hidrophoros, hid-rof'or-os {hidros, phero, to carry). 
Sweat-producing; sudoriferous. 
Hidroplania, hid-ro-plan'e-ah {hidros, plane, wan- 
dering). Sweating in an unusual location; vicarious 
sweating. 
Hidropoietic, hid-ro-poi-et'ik {hidros, poieo, to 
make). Sweat-producing; sudoriferous. 
Hidropyra (hid-rop'ir-ah) or Hidropyretus, hid-ro- 
pir'et-us {hidros, pur, fever). Sweating fever; sudor 
Anglicus. 
Hidrorrhoea, hid-ror-rhe'ah {hidros, rheo, to flow). 
Excessive or colliquative sweating. 
Hid'ros. Sweat. 
Hidrosadenitis, hid-dros-ad-en-e'tis. Inflammation 
of sweat-glands. 
Hidroschesis (hid-ros'kes-is) or Hidris'chesls 
hidros, ischo, to restrain). Suppression of perspira- 
tion ; anidrosis. 
Hidroses, hid-ro'sees. Cutaneous diseases accom- 
panied with disturbance of functions of the sudorifer- 
ous apparatus. 
Hidrosis, hid-ro'sis. Sweating; hidrotic fever. 
H. malig'na, miliaria; sudor Anglicus. H. sinPplex, 
hyperhidrosis. 
Hidroterion, he-dro-ter'e-on {hidros). Sweating- 
room or achicolum in ancient bagnios. 
Hidrote'rlum. Sudorific. 
Hidrotic, hid-rot'ik. Sudorific; agent increasing 
the secretion of sweat. H. fever, form of puerperal 
fever attended with excessive sweating. 
Hidrotium, hid-ro'te-um (dim. of Hidros). Gentle 
sweat or perspiration. 
Hidrotopoiesis, hid-ro-to-poi-a'sis {hidros, poieo, to 
make). Production or secretion of perspiration. 
Hidrotopoiet'ic {hidros, poieo, to make). Sudorific. 
Hiera {hi er os, holy). Old name for medicine. H. 
of col'ocynth or diacolocyn'thidos, electuary com- 
posed of colocynth, agaric, germander, white hore- 
hound, stsechas, sagapenum, parsley, round birthwort 
root, white pepper, spikenard, cinnamon, myrrh, saf- 
fron, and honey. H. Loga'dii, Hiera picra. H. no'- 
sos, epilepsy. H. pi'cra (hieros, holy, pikros, bitter), 
holy bitter, formerly called Hiera Logadii when made 
into electuary with honey; mixture of Socotrine aloes 
and Canella alba; see Pulvis aloes cum canelid. H. 
syr'inx, holy tube; vertebral column. 
Hieracium (he-er-ah'se-um) (hierakion, hawk-weed, 
from hierax, a hawk) auric'ula. Orange mouse-ear 
of Europe; laxative. H. Grono'vii, hairy hawk- 
weed ; herb of N. America, order Compositae; used as 
application for toothache and warts. H. lachenal'ii, 
H. murorum. H. muro'rum, golden lungwort, French 
I. wall hawk-weed; plant of Europe and Asia; as- 
tringent, tonic, and expectorant. H. olera'ceum, 
Sonchus oleraceus. H. Pelletiera'num or H. pile- HIERANOSUS 
sel'la, mouse-ear; mouse-ear hawk-weed. This plant 
contains a bitter, lactescent juice having a slight as- 
tringency; the herbs and flowers are expectorant and 
astringent, and root is antiperiodic. H. veno'sum, 
rattlesnake weed, veiny hawk-weed, bloodwort; in- 
digenous ; has similar properties; said to be a remedy 
for snake-bite. 
Hieranosus, he-er-an'os-us (holy disease) or Hier- 
onu'sus. Chorea, convulsion, epilepsy. 
Hierax, he'er-aks. Sparrow-hawk; bandage, like 
claw of hawk, applied over the nose. 
Hierobotane, he-er-o-bot'an-e (hieros, holy, botane, 
herb). Verbena officinalis. 
Hieroglyphics, hi-er-o-glif'iks {hieros, holy, glupho, 
to carve). Signs employed in medicine; folds in the 
hands, feet, and forehead which afford chiromancy 
its pretended oracles. 
Hieron'osus. Chorea, convulsion, epilepsy. 
Hieropyra, he-er-op'ir-ah (hieros, holy, pur, fever). 
Erysipelas. 
High mallow. Malva sylvestris. H. operation for 
stone, suprapubic lithotomy. 
High'more, an'trum of. See Antrum. H., body 
of, mediastinum testis. H., si'nus of, see Antrum of 
Highmore. 
Hik'ry pik'ry (Hiera pier a). Pulvus aloes et 
canellse. 
Hill-berry. Gaultheria. 
Hill-fever. Jungle-fever; modified remittent occur- 
ring in hilly districts of India. 
Hilton's mus'cle (after Hilton, English surgeon of 
19th century). Compressor sacculi laryngis. H.'s 
sac, pouch directed upward from anterior part of 
ventricle of larynx. 
Hi'lum (improperly Hilus, the black spot on the 
top of a bean). Small blackish tumor formed by the 
protrusion of the iris through an opening in the 
transparent cornea, so called from its comparison 
with the hile or black mark on one extremity of 
Vicia faba. Fissure or space through which vessels, 
nerves, etc. enter an organ, as the kidney, spleen, 
etc. Clavus. 
Hilus, he'lus. Hilum. H. of cor'pus denta'tum, 
space in which white fibres enter the corpus denta- 
tum. H. of fas'eia denta'ta, portion of fascia den- 
tata through which the pyramidal cells of the hippo- 
campus major pass. H. hep'atis, transverse fissure 
of liver; see Liver. H. of kid'ney, internal concave 
edge of kidney. H. liena'lis, hilum of spleen. H. 
lie'nis, concave part of spleen. H. of lung, H. pul- 
monis. H. nu'clei denta'ti, H. of olivary body; H. 
olivse. H. oli'vse, portion of olivary body through 
which white fibres make their exit. H. of the o'vary, 
concave edge of that organ. H. placen'tae, point of 
union of placenta and umbilical cord. H. pulmo'nis, 
space for entrance of blood-vessels and tubes into the 
lung at its root. H. rena'lis, hilum of kidney. H. 
of spleen, H. lienis. 
Hilusstroma, he-lus-stro'mah. Canaliculated con- 
nective tissue near hilum of ovary. 
Hil'wort, Mentha pulegium. 
Hlmantoma (he-man-to'mah) or Himanto'sis, he- 
man-to'sis. Himas. 
Himas, he'mas {himas, thong of leather). Uvula; 
likewise elongation and extenuation of it. Staphyl- 
cedema. 
Himeros, him'er-os. Amorous desire; salacitas; 
prurigo. 
Hind'berries. See Rubus ideeus. 
Hind-brain. Posterior cerebral vesicle. After- 
brain in foetus, including, in the adult, the cerebel- 
lum, pons Varolii, and upper portion of the floor of 
the fourth ventricle. Epencephalon. 
Hind-head. Occiput. 
Hinge-joint. Ginglymus. 
Hin'gra. Inferior variety of asafoetida. 
Hip. Haunch; hypochondriasis. H. bone, ilion. 
H. disease, coxarum morbus. H. gir'dle, pelvic arch. 
H. gout, neuralgia femoro-poplitsea. H. joint, coxo- 
femoral articulation. H. joint disease, coxalgia. 
H. tree, Eosa canina. 
531 
HIPPOMANES 
Hippanthropy, hip-anth'ro-pe (hippo, anthropos, 
man; Hippanthropos was the fabulous centaur). 
Melancholy in which the patient believes himself 
changed to a horse. 
Hippasia (hip-paz'e-ah), Hippeia (hip-pi'ah), or 
Hippeusis, hip-pu'sis. Equitation. 
Hipped, hip'd. Hypochondriac. 
Hippiater (hip-pe-at'ur) or Hippiatrus, hip-pe-at'- 
rus (hippo, iatros, physician). Farrier; horse-doctor. 
One who treats diseases of domestic animals ; veteri- 
nary surgeon. 
Hippiatria (hip-pe-at-re'ah), Hippiat'rica, or Hip- 
piat'rice. Science whose object is knowledge of dis- 
eases of the horse or of other domestic animals. 
See Veterinary art. 
Hippia'tros or Hippiatrus, hip-pe-at'rus. Hip- 
piater. 
Hippicus, hip'pik-us (hippos, horse, because used in 
getting on horseback). Tibialis anticus muscle. 
Hip'po (hippos, horse). In composition, horse. It 
often expresses "greatness, excess," like hou, bu, 
horse, ox, etc. Arrow-poison of Africa, probably 
made from strychnos. Ipecacuanha; corruption, in 
Ireland, of ipecacuanha, hence applied at times in 
the United States to Euphorbia corollata or American 
ipecacuanha. H., In'dian, Gillenia trifoliata. 
Hippocampal fissure, hip-po-kam'pal fis'shur. 
Transverse fissure of the brain; groove separating 
the hippocampal convolution from the crus cerebri, 
dipping into the hippocampus and extending from 
the internal part of the gyrus fornicatus, behind the 
corpus callosum, to the unciform process. 
Hippocampus major, hip-po-kam'pus ma'jor. 
Cornu ammonis. H. mi'nor, unciform eminence; 
medullary tubercle or projection observed in the pos- 
terior cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain. 
Hippocastanum, hip-po-kas'tan-um. Horse-chest- 
nut ; rind is astringent and febrifuge. See sEsculus. 
H. vulga're, TEsculus hippocastanum. 
Hippocentaurea centaurium, hip-po-sen-taw're-ah 
sen-taw're-um. Chironia centaurium. 
Hippocoryza, hip-po-kor-i'zah. Coryza of horses, 
symptom of farcy or glanders. 
Hippocras, hip'po-kras. See Claret. 
Hippocrates (hip-pok'rat-ees), cap of. Double- 
headed roller bandage enveloping the head like a 
cap. H., fa'cies of, see Face, Hippocratic. H., sa'cred 
disease of, epilepsy. H. sleeve, conical flannel bag 
for straining liquids. 
Hippocratic, hip-po-krat'ik. Relating to Hippoc- 
rates or concerning his doctrine, as H. doctrine, H. 
face. H. countenance, see Face. H. deformity of 
fin'gers, fingers, Hippocratic. H. face, see Face. 
Hippocratism, hip-pok'rat-izm. Doctrine of Hip- 
pocrates, consisting in observing and following nature, 
as indicated by her presumed efforts and the crises 
set up by her. 
Hippocratist, hip-pok'rat-ist. Partisan of the Hip- 
pocratic doctrine. 
Hippoglossum, hip-po-glos'sum. Globularia aly- 
pum; Ruscus hypoglossum. 
Hippogonyolepus, hip-po-gon-e-ol'ep-us (hippo, gonu, 
knee, lepos, scale). Morbid secretion from the knee 
of the horse, used in epilepsy; crusta genu equinse. 
Hippolapathum, hip-po-lap'ath-um. Rumex pa- 
tientia. 
Hippolithus, hip-pol'ith-us (hippo, lithos, stone). 
Bezoard of the horse. 
Hippomane mancinella (hip-pom'an-e man-sin-el'- 
lah) or manzanillo (hippo, mania, madness; horse or 
violent madness). Manchineel, ord. Euphorbiacese. 
Poisonous tree of tropical America, with milky juice 
which the Indians use to poison their arrows. A 
source of caoutchouc. Fruit is highly poisonous. 
Resting under shade of this tree is said to produce 
sickness and death. Externally, juice is used for re- 
moval of fungous growths. 
Hippomanes, hip-pom'an-ees. Secretion from the 
vagina of a mare in a state of heat. Brownish-green 
body in the allantoic fluid of the mare. Used, of old, 
in the preparation of philters. HIPPOMELANIN 
Hippomel'anin. Dark pigment from melanotic 
tumor of horse. 
Hippomyx'a (hippo, muxa, mucus). Hippocoryza. 
Hippomyxoma is a swelling following hippocoryza. 
Hippomyzo'sis (same etymon). Glanders. 
Hipponosol'ogy (hippo, nosos, disease, logos, dis- 
course). Description of, or treatise on, diseases of 
the horse. 
Hippopathology hip-po-path-ol'o-je (hippo, pathos, 
disease, logos, discourse). Pathology of the horse; 
hipponosology. 
Hippophaes, hip-po-feez'. Sea buckthorn; sallow 
thorn; used in Norway in arthritic affections and as 
a diaphoretic in skin diseases. 
Hippophagous, hip-pof'a-gus (hippo, phago, to eat). 
Feeding or subsisting on horseflesh. 
Hippophagy, hip-pof-a'je. Act of feeding or subsist- 
ing on horseflesh. 
Hippopus, hip'po-pus (hippo, pous, foot). Talipes 
equinus. See Kyllosis. 
Hip'pos. Horse. 
Hipposelinum, hip-po-sel-e'num. Smyrnium olusa- 
trum. 
Hipposteology, hip-pos-te-ol'o-je (hippo, osteon, bone, 
logos, discourse). Osteology of the horse. 
Hippotomy, hip-pot'o-me (hippo, tome, incision). 
Anatomy of the horse. 
Hippuria, hip-pu're-ah. Pathological condition in 
which there is an excess of hippuric acid in the 
urine. 
Hippu'ricl ac'id. Acid found in urine of grami- 
nivorous animals. C9H9NO3. It is contained in small 
quantities in human urine, and its amount is in- 
creased by taking into the stomach substances con- 
taining benzoic acid. 
Hippuris (hip-pu'ris) commu'nis, flu'itans, or 
vulgar'is (hippo, our a, tail). Systematic name of the 
horse's tail, mare's tail, of Europe and America. 
Astringent used as tea in diarrhoea and hemorrhage. 
Hip'pus. A disease of the eyes in which they 
perpetually twinkle, like those of a man on horse- 
back ; a tremulous condition of the iris, occasioning 
repeated alternations of contraction and dilatation of 
the pupil. It is generally allied with nystagmus. 
Hips. Fruit of Eosa canina; chiefly used as a con- 
fection. 
Hi'ra. Jejunum; intestines. 
Hirci barbula, hur'se bar'bu-lah. Hircus; hairs of 
tragus. H. pi'll, hairs of axilla. 
Hircin, bur'sin (hircus, goat). Glyceril compound 
of hircic acid, oil without color, with strong goat- 
like smell. 
Hircismus, hur-siz'mus (hircus, goat). Stinking 
like a goat; applied especially to the odor of the se- 
cretions of the axilla. 
Hircus, hur'kus (goat). Canthus (greater); hircis- 
mus; tragus. H. ala'rum, smell of the arm-pits; 
cinabra. 
Hirquitalitas, hurk-we-tal'it-as (hircus, a goat). 
Goat's voice. See Egophony. 
Hirquus (goat), hurk'wus. Hircus; canthus (great- 
er) ; hircismus; tragus. 
Hirsute, hur'sute (hirtus, hairy). Hairy. 
Hirsuties, hur-su'she-ees (hirtus, hairy). Hairiness; 
growth of hairs on extraneous parts, or superfluous 
growth of hair, as in cases of bearded women ; hyper- 
trichosis. H. adna'ta, congenital hirsuties. 
Hir'tate. Hirsute. 
Hirudo, hir-u'do. The leech or leach. In medi- 
cine, hirudo or sanguisuga medicinalis, bdella medi- 
cinalis or medicinal leech, and hirudo sanguisuga 
officinalis, order of aquatic worms, Gnathobdellidse, 
are generally employed. In the United States H. decora 
is also used. The leech lives in fresh water, and feeds 
on the blood of animals, which it sucks, after having 
pierced the skin with its sharp teeth-a habit taken 
advantage of to produce local bloodletting. A good 
English leech will take about half an ounce of blood, 
including that which flows by fomenting the part 
subsequently; the American leech takes less. H. arti- 
flcia'lis, antlia sanguisuga. H. dec'ora, see Hirudo, 
532 
HISTOPHYSIOLOGY 
H. mechan'ica, artificial leech. H. medicina'lis, 
German leech; hirudo. H. offlcina'lis, Hungarian 
leech. H. provincia'lis, sanguisuga officinalis. H. 
troc'tina, species of leech from Algiers. 
Hirundinaria, hir-un-din-ar'e-ah. Asclepias vin- 
cetoxicum; Lysimachia nummularia; Chelidonium 
majus. 
Hirundo, hir-un'do. The swallow, the nests of 
which were once employed as rubefacients, boiled in 
vinegar. Edible birds' nests of the hirundo esculenta 
of the Indian Archipelago are highly prized, espe- 
cially by the Chinese, as an article of diet. They are 
of a mucilaginous character. See A ley on. 
Hispanicum viride, his-pan'ik-um vir'id-e (Spanish 
green). Cupri subacetas. 
Hispiditas, his-pid'it-as (hispidus, hairy). Irregular 
position of eyelashes; distichiasis; phalangosis. 
Hispidula, his-pid'u-lah. Antennaria dioica. 
Hissing respiration, hiss'ing res-pi-ra'shun. Slight 
prolonged whistling sound, from presence of mucus 
obstructing the smaller bronchial ramifications. 
Histic, his'tik (histos, tissue). Eelating to tissues. 
His'tin. Fibrin. 
Histiogenesis, his-te-o-jen'es-is (histos, tissue, gene- 
sis, formation). Development and formation of tis- 
sues; histogeny. 
Histioid, his'te-oid. Histoid. 
Histiological, his-te-o-loj-ik'l. Histological. 
Histiology, his-te-ol'o-je. Histology. 
Histoblast, his'to-blast (histos, tissue, hlastos, cell). 
A cell concerned in tissue-formation. 
Histochemia (his-to-kem-e'ah), Histochemistry (his- 
to-kem'is-tre), or Histochymy, his-tok'im-e. Chem- 
istry of tissues. 
Histodialysis, his-to-de-al'is-is (histos, dialusis, dis- 
solution). Morbid dissolution of the tissues. 
Histogenesis, his-to-jen'es-is. Histogeny. 
Histogenetic, his-to-jen-et'ik (histos, genesis, forma- 
tion). Tissue-making; relating or appertaining to 
histogeny or the formation and development of the 
organic textures. H. el'ements of nutri'tion, see 
Plastic element. H. molecules, see Plastic element. 
Histogeny, his-toj'en-e (same etymon). Tissue- 
formation ; formation and development of the organic 
textures. H. of bone, osteogeny. H. of car'tilage, 
chondrogenesis. 
Histohsematins, his-to-he'mat-ins. Group of pig- 
ments detected in tissues of animals of different 
species, probably concerned in respiration. 
Histoid (his'toid) or His'tioid (histos, eidos, resem- 
blance). Term applied to textures -whose contents 
closely resemble the normal structure of the body, 
as fat, hair, teeth, skin, etc. H. tu/mor, tumor of 
connective tissue. 
Histological (his-to-loj'ik'l) or Histiolog'ical. Ee- 
lating to histology; applied at times to the natural 
transformations occurring in the tissues in the em- 
bryo, in contradistinction to morphological, which 
applies to alterations in the form of the several parts 
of the embryo. 
Histologist, his-tol'o-jist. One who is versed in 
histology. 
Histology (his-tol'o-je) or Histiol'ogy (histo, logos, 
description). Anatomy of the tissues; microscopic 
morphology; minute or textural anatomy; general 
anatomy; minute anatomy of the tissues. Patho- 
logical histology or microscopic pathological anatomy 
is the morbid anatomy of the tissues. 
Histolysis, his-tol'is-is (histos, lusis, solution). De- 
cay and dissolution of the organic tissues and of the 
blood; it includes the various forms of retrograde 
metamorphosis and degeneration and disintegration 
of tissues. 
Histolytic, his-to-lit'ik (same etymon). Eelating to 
histolysis. H. mo'lecules, see Plastic elements. 
Histonomy, his-ton'o-me (histos, nomos, law). Ag- 
gregate of laws presiding over the formation and 
arrangement of the organic tissues. 
Histophysiology, his-to-fiz-e-ol'o-je. Physiology 
of tissues; histology applied to study of physiologr 
cal processes, HISTORY, MEDICAL 
History, medical, his'to-re, med'ik'l. Narration 
of the chief circumstances and the persons connected 
with them in the progress of medicine. 
His'tos (web or tissue). Organic texture. 
Histotome, his'to-tome (histos, tome, incision). Mi- 
crotome. 
Histotomy, his-tot'o-me (same etymon). Dissection 
of the tissues. 
, Histotripsy, his'to-trip-se (histos, tripsis, crushing). 
Ecrasement. 
Histotrophic, his-to-trof'ik (histos, trophe, nourish- 
ment). Relating to nutrition of tissues; nourishing 
to the tissues; see Plastic element. 
Histozyme, his'to-zime (histos, zume, ferment). Sol- 
uble ferment presumed to be capable of disintegrating 
nitrogenous tissues and causing their decomposition. 
Histricism, his'tri-sizm. Erect state of the hairs. 
Histrionic (his-tre-on'ik) paral'ysis (histrio, an 
actor). Paralysis of the facial muscles, causing emo- 
tional appearance of the face. H. spasm, similar 
spasm of the facial muscles. 
Hive syr'up. Syrupus scillae compositus. 
Hives. Cynanche trachealis; varicella globularis; 
urticaria varicella. In Scotland, any eruption pro- 
ceeding from an internal cause; in the United States 
it is employed most frequently for urticaria. H., 
bold, Cynanche trachealis; urticaria. H., eat'ing, 
Rupia escharotica. 
Ho'ang-nan. Bark of Strychnos gaultheriana, from 
which strychnia and brucine may be obtained; em- 
ployed in leprosy and various cutaneous affections; 
tonic, stimulant, antiparasitic; used in scrofula, lep- 
rosy, paralysis, etc. 
Hoar'hound. Marrubium. 
Hoarseness, horse'ness. Change in voice, which loses 
its smoothness and becomes low and obscure; com- 
mon symptom in diseases of the larynx and trachea. 
Hoar'y pea. Tephrosia Virginiana; root is tonic 
and anthelmintic. 
Hob'nail liv'er. Cirrhosis of the liver; nutmeg 
liver. 
Hoc or Hocks. Alcea rosea. 
Hock. The ham. Also a kind of Rhine wine. 
Hodge's pes'sary. Peculiar u-shaped pessary, 
usually of rubber. 
Hodgkin's (hodj'kin's) disease (after Dr. Hodgkin 
of London). Glandular sarcoma, Lymphadenoma, 
Pseudoleucsemia, Adenia, Adenitis. A chronic morbid 
affection-a form of scrofulous cachexia and anaemia 
-mainly characterized by the enormous enlargement 
of the lymphatic glands of the body, along with a 
peculiar deposit in the spleen. Iron and cod-liver oil 
seem to be the best remedies. The prognosis is un- 
favorable. 
Hodgson's disease. Aneurism or atheroma of the 
aorta. H.'s operation, ligation of axillary artery 
under the clavicle. 
Hodograph, hod'o-graf (hodos, way, grapho, to 
write). Instrument for registering locomotor move- 
ments. 
Hoffman's an'odyne. Spiritus aetheris compositus. 
Hog cholera, hog kol'e-rah. Disease of swine, 
symptoms of which are inflammation of the bowels, 
with ulceration, ecchymoses, nephritis, etc. Several 
affections have received this name. The disease is 
produced by a special micro-organism. See Bacillus 
of hog cholera. H. gum, doctor gum; glutinous sub- 
stance from Rhus metopium of Jamaica, or Moronobea 
coccinea, flowing from incisions in the bark; emetic 
properties; used in Jamaica for the same purposes as 
Burgundy pitch. H. lice, onisci aselli. 
Hog's lard. Adeps praeparatus. 
Hog'weed. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia. 
Hogwort. Heptallon graveolens. 
Hoit'zia coccin'ea or Mexica'na. Polemoniaceous 
plant of Mexico; diuretic, cathartic, emetic. 
Holagogue, hol'ag-og (holos, whole, agogos, driving). 
Capable of driving away every morbid humor. 
Holanencephalia, hol-an-en-sef-al'e-ah (holos, whole, 
anencephalia). Entire absence of brain; same as 
anencephalia. 
533 
HOMALOCEPHALUS 
Holarthritis, hol-ar-thre'tis (holos, whole, arthritis). 
Gout in all the joints; universal gout; polyarthritis. 
Holce, hol'se. A drachm. 
Hol'cus sor'gum. Panicum Italicum. 
Hol'den's line. Groove or furrow in the groin 
below Poupart's ligament, used as a guiding line in 
amputations. 
Holder. Tenaculum. H., horizontal plane of, 
plane of cranium made by lines projected from 
superior portion of auricular foramen to inferior bor- 
der of the orbit. 
Holes, burnt. Eupia escharotica; noma; pemphi- 
gus gangrsenosus. 
Holigarna longifolia, hol-e-gar'nah lon-je-fo'le-ah. 
Species of Anacardiacese, juice of which is used exter- 
nally for sores, warts, etc. 
Hollands. Gin. 
Hollarrhena antidysenterica, hol-ar-rhe'nah an-te- 
dis-en-ter'ik-ah. Of E. Indies; nat. ord. Apocynacese; 
tonic, astringent, anthelmintic; Wrightia antidysen- 
terica. H. pubes'cens, plant of India, seeds of which 
are used in diarrhoea and dysentery. 
HoVly, American. Ilex. H., com'mon, Ilex 
aquifolium. H., Baboon', Ilex vomitoria. H., emet'ic, 
Ilex vomitoria. H., Europe'an, Ilexaquifolium. H., 
ground, Chimaphila umbellata; Gaultheria pro- 
cumbens; Pyrola maculata; Pyrola umbellata. H., 
sea, Eryngium maritimum. H., South Amer'lean, 
Ilex Paraguaiensis. 
Hollyhock (hol'le-hok), com'mon. Alcea rosea. 
Holmes weed. Scrophularia nodosa. 
Holmgren's wools. Differently colored skeins of 
wool, used as tests for color-blindness. 
Holmlscus, hol-mis'kus. Alveolus. 
Hol'mus. Mortar; trunk of the body. 
Ho'lo (holos, whole). In composition, the whole. 
Holoblastic, hol-o-blas'tik (holo, hlastos, germ). 
Term applied to the ova of viviparous animals, in 
which the whole, or almost all, of the yolk is directly 
formative, and only a slight part, or no portion, 
nutritive. 
Holocyron, hol-o'sir-on. Teucrium chamsepitys. 
Hologangliitis, hol-o-gan-gle-e'tis (holo, ganglion, 
itis). Cholera. 
Holonarcosis, hol-o-nar-ko'sis (holo, narcosis, stupor). 
Narcosis of the whole body; complete narcosis. 
Holopathy, hol-op'a-the (holos, whole, pathos, affec- 
tion). Doctrine which teaches that diseases are but 
phases or "episodes" of a general affection of the 
organism. 
Holophlyctides, hol-o-flik'tid-ees. Tumor formed 
by accumulation of serous fluid under the epidermis. 
Holosteosclerosis, hol-ost-e-o-skle-ro'sis (holo, osteon, 
bone, sclerosis, hardening). Sclerosis of bones gener- 
ally. 
Holosteum alsine, hol-os'te-um al-se'ne. Alsine 
media. 
Holosteus, hol-os'te-us (holo, osteon, bone). Osteo- 
colla. 
Holostomum, hol-os'tom-um (holo, stoma, mouth). 
Amphistoma hominis. H. ala'tum, entozoon in intes- 
tinal canal of the dog. 
Holosymphysis, hol-o-sim'fis-is (holo, sumphusis, 
union). Perfect union. 
Holotetanus, hol-o-tet'an-us. General tetanus af- 
fecting the whole system of the muscles. 
Holotomy, hol-ot'o-me (holo, tome, incision). Com- 
plete excision. 
Holotonia (hol-o-ton'e-ah) or Holot'ony (holo, 
teino, to stretch). Spasm or tetanus of the whole body. 
Holotonicus, hol-o-ton'ik-us. Eelating to holotonia. 
Hol'stein disease. Endemic syphilitic disease. 
Holy bit'ter. Hiera picra. 
Homagra, ho'mag-rah (homos, shoulder, agra, seiz- 
ure). Gout in the shoulder. 
Homa'lium racemo'sum. Astringent plant growing 
in the W. Indies; used in diarrhoea. H. raconbea or 
spica'tum, root of this plant of Guiana is astringent 
and used in gonorrhoea. 
Homalocephalus, hom-al-o-sef'al-us (homalos, level, 
kephale, head). Flat-headed. HOMALOCORYPHUS 
Homalocoryphus, hom-al-o-kor'e-fus (homalos, level 
or like, koruphe, head or vertex). Term for crania in 
which the parietal angle of Lissauer (that is, between 
lines projected in median plane of skull from most 
prominent part of parietal bone to bregma and 
lambda) is from 132° to 142°. 
Homalodermatous (hom-al-o-derm'at-us) or Hom- 
aloderm'ous (homalos, level, derma, skin). Smooth- 
skinned. 
Homalographic method, hom-al-o-graf'ik meth'od 
(homalos, level, grapho, to write). Representation by- 
plans or sections-by flat frozen sections, for example. 
Homalography, hom-al-og'ra-fe (same etymon). 
Use of sections, such as frozen sections, for teaching 
anatomy. 
Homalometopus, hom-al-o-met-o'pus (homalos, 
level, metopon, countenance). Term applied to cra- 
nia in which the angle between the lines drawn 
from metopion to bregma and nasion is from 141° to 
130.5°. 
Homalopisthocranius, hom-al-op-isth-o-kran'e-us 
(homalos, level, opistho, backward, kranion, skull). 
Term applied to crania in which the angulus summi 
occipitis (angle between lines projected in median 
plane from the most prominent part of the supra- 
occipital bone to lambda and inion) is from 140° to 
154°. 
Homaluranus, hom-al-u'ran-us (homalos, level, oura- 
nos, roof). Term applied to skulls in which the an- 
gulus summi palati is from 147.5° to 163.5°. 
Homatro'pia or Homatropine, horn - at' ro-peen. 
C16H21NO3. White crystalline alkaloid resulting from 
heating a solution of tropine and toluic acid in mu- 
riatic acid; used as a rapid and transient mydriatic; 
also internally in night-sweats of phthisis. It is also 
called oxytoluyltropeine. H. hydrobro'mate or hy- 
drobro'mide, crystallizable soluble salt; used in 
ophthalmic practice to dilate the pupil. H. sal'icylate 
is also employed. H. sul'phate, combination of 
homatropine and sulphuric acid. 
Homatropinum, hom-at-ro-pe'num. Homatropine. 
H. hydrobro'micum, homatropine hydrobromate. 
H. sulfu/ricum, homatropine sulphate. 
Homeopathy, hom-e-op'ath-e. Homoeopathy. 
Homerda, hom-er'dah (homo, man, merda, excre- 
ment). Human excrement. 
Homeria collina, hom-e're-ah kol-le'nah (after 
Homer). Cape tulip; poisonous S. African plant, the 
bulb of which acts as a violent acronarcotic, speedily 
producing fatal results. 
Homeria'na. Polygonum aviculare. 
Home'sickness. Nostalgia or intense desire to re- 
turn to one's own home, amounting almost to melan- 
choly. 
Home'wort. Sempervivum tectorum. 
Homicidal, hom-i-si'd'l (homo, man, csedo, to kill). 
Pertaining to homicide or the killing of man. H. in- 
sanity or monoma'nia, insanity, with irresistible 
impulse to destroy life. 
Homilia, hom-il'e-ah. Coition. 
Hominisection, hom-in-i-sek'shun (homo, man, 
seco, to cut). Dissection of the human body. 
Hominivorous, hom-in-iv'o-rus (homo, man, voro, to 
eat). Man-eating; parasitic on man. 
Hominy, hom'in-e (of Indian derivation). Maize 
or Indian corn hulled and coarsely broken; used for 
food. H., wheat'en, see Groats. 
Homiosis, hom-e-o'sis. Homoiosis. 
Ho'mo. See Man. H. ala'tus (winged man), see 
Alatus. H. cauda'tus (tailed man), fabulous tailed 
variety of the human species. H. fat'uus, idiot. 
Homoblastic, ho-mo-blas'tik (homo, blastos, germ). 
Forming similar tissue. 
Homocentric, ho-mo-sen'trik. Having one centre ; 
concentric. 
Homocerebrin, ho-mo-ser'e-brin. Substance like 
cerebrin derived from brain-tissue by action of baryta 
and alcohol. 
Homocinchonicine, ho-mo-sin-kon'e-seen. C19H22- 
N2O. Alkaloid resulting from exposing homocin- 
chonidine sulphate to heat. 
534 
HOMO1OPATHIA 
Homocinchonidine, ho-mo-sin-kon'id-een. Alkaloid, 
C19H22N2O, derived from Cinchona rosulenta. 
Homocinchonine, ho-mo-sin'kon-een. Alkaloid, 
C19H22N2O, having a similar source to homocinchoni- 
dine. 
Homodermatous, ho-mo-derm'at-us (Aomo, derma, 
skin). Having the whole skin alike. 
Homodesmot'ic (homos, desmos, bond). Term ap- 
plied to nerve-fibres associating similar masses of 
gray matter. 
Homoedrus, ho-mo-ed'rus (homos, alike, hedra, seat). 
Having the same seat. Morbi homoedri are diseases 
that have the same seat. 
Homoeo, ho-me'o (homoios, like). In composition, 
like. 
Homceobiotic, ho-me-o-bi-ot'ik (homo, bios, life). 
Having similar life. 
Homoeoblastic, ho-me-o-blas'tik. Homoblastic. 
Homoeogenesia (ho-me-o-jen-ez'e-ah) or Homceo- 
gen'esis (homoeo, genesis, formation). Producing off- 
spring when crossing occurs in animals. 
Homoeomorphia, ho-me-o-mor'fe-ah (homoeo, morphe, 
shape). Similarity of shape. 
Homceomorphous, ho-me-o-mor'fus (homoeo, morphe, 
shape). Having similar shape. See Homology. 
Homoeopath, ho'me-o-path. Homceopathist. 
Homoeopathic, ho-me-o-path'ik. Relating to ho- 
moeopathy. 
Homceopathist, ho-me-op'a-thist. A believer in 
or practitioner of homoeopathy. 
Homoeopathy, ho-me-op'ath-e (homoeo, pathos, affec- 
tion). Hahnemannism, Dynamopathy, Globulism. A 
fanciful doctrine which maintains that disordered 
actions in the human body are to be cured by indu- 
cing other disordered actions of a like kind (similia 
similibus curantur), and this to be accomplished by in- 
finitesimally small doses, often of apparently inert 
agents, the decillionth part of a grain of charcoal, 
for example. According to Dr. Bigelow, homoeopathy 
consists in leaving the case to nature while the patient 
is amused with nominal and nugatory remedies. 
So long ago as in the writings of Gregory the Great, 
there is the following remark: " Mos medicinse est ut 
aliquando similia similibus, aliquando contraria con- 
trariis curet. Nam seepe calida calidis, frigida frigi- 
dis, ssepe autem frigida calidis, calida frigidis sanare 
consuevit." 
Homoeoplasia, ho-me-o-plaz'e-ah (homoeo, plasso, to 
form). Formation of tissues similar to the normal; 
the opposite to heteroplasia. 
Homceoplas'tic (same etymon). Forming tissues 
similar to normal tissue; the opposite of heteroplastic. 
Homoeoplasty, ho'me-o-plas-te. Transplantation 
of tissue, as of bone, from one part of an individual 
to another, or from another of the same species. 
Homoeosis, ho-me-o'sis. Assimilation. See JIo- 
moiosis. 
Homceosym'pathy. Homoeopathy. 
Homoeotherapeutics, ho-me-o-ther-a-pu'tiks. Ho- 
moeopathy. 
Homoeothermic, ho-me-o-thur'mik (homoios, like, 
therme, heat). Having or retaining even temperature; 
warm-blooded. 
Homoeozygy, hom-e-oz'e-je (homoeo, zugoo, to join 
together). Law of association of organs, by which 
like parts adhere to like parts, as in monstrosities. 
Homoethnia, ho-mo-eth'ne-ah. Sympathy. 
Homogeneity, ho-mo-jen-e'it-e. State of being ho- 
mogeneous. 
Homoge'neous (homos, genos, kind). Having a de- 
scent from the same race or family. Of the same 
kind throughout, as structures or tissues, or derived 
from the same source. 
Homogenesis (hom-o-jen'es-is) or Homogen'ia (ho- 
mos, equal, genesis, generation). Univocal or regular 
generation. See Generation. 
Homogeny, ho-moj'en-e. Homogenesis. 
Homog'onous (homos, gonos, seed). Having like 
or similar offspring. 
Homoiopathia, ho-moi-o-path-e'ah (homoeo, pathos, 
affection). Sympathy. Homoeopathy. HOMOIOSIS 
Homoiosis, hom-oi-o'sis (homoioo, to assimilate). 
Elaboration of the nutritious juice, by which it be- 
comes proper for assimilation. Disease of disordered 
assimilation. 
Homoiothermal, ho-moi-o-thur'mal. Homoeother- 
mic. 
Homolinon, ho-mol'in-on (homos, raw, linon, flax). 
See Apolinosis. 
Homological, ho-mo-lojlk-al (same etymon as 
Homology). Eelating or appertaining to homology, 
as anatomy. 
Homologous, ho-mol'o-gus (homos, like, logos, condi- 
tion). Like in structure or other characteristics. 
See Homology and Homotype. H. tis'sues, tissues hav- 
ing like organization or structure. H. tu'mors, those 
made up of like structures or of regular tissues. 
Homologue, ho'mo-log. Term applied to the same 
organ in different animals under every variety of 
form and function. 
Homology, ho-mol'o-je. Similarity of structure and 
development, as of two sides of the body. Doctrine 
or study of the relations of the parts of animal bodies. 
Homologous, homomorphous, or homceomorphous tis- 
sues are those that resemble others; in opposition to 
heterologous, heteroclite, or heteromorphous, which 
are new formations. H., se'rial, see Homotype. 
Homomorphous, ho-mo-mor'fus (homos, like, mor- 
phe, shape). See Homology. 
Homon'omous (homos, nomos, law). Being under 
the same law. 
Homonopagia, hom-on-o-paj'e-ah. Cephalalgia. 
Homonym, hom'o-nim (homos, same, onuma, name). 
Having the same designation; applied to anatomical 
relation of organs. 
Homonymous, ho-mon'im-us (homos, like, onuma, 
name). Having the same name. H. diplo'pia, dou- 
ble vision in which images are on same side as the 
eyes to which they belong. Hemianopsia, defective 
visual field on the same side in the two eyes. 
Homophagus (ho-mof 'ag-us), more correctly 
Omophagus. One who eats raw flesh. 
Homoplast, ho'mo-plast (homos, alike, plasso, to 
form). Structure or tissue resembling another in de- 
velopment. Element of simple tissue. 
Homoplastic, ho-mo-plas'tik (same etymon). 
Similar in structural development. 
Homoplastid, ho-mo-plas'tid (same etymon). 
Structure each cell of which is endowed with repro- 
ductive power to produce a species. 
Homoplasty, ho'mo-plas-te (homos, like, plasso, to 
form). Formation of homologous tissues. 
Homoplasy, ho-mop'las-e (same etymon). Un- 
usual action of one structure or tissue assuming pe- 
culiar characteristics of another. 
Homoplata, hom-o-plat'ah (homos, shoulder, platus, 
broad). Scapula. 
Homoquinine, ho-mo-kwi'nine. C19H22N2O2. Alka- 
loid from cuprea bark, obtained from Eemijia Purdie- 
ana and E. pedunculata triana. 
Homosalicyllc acid. Creasotic acid. 
Homosexuality. Sexual feeling or inclination for 
one of the same sex. 
Homothermic, ho-mo-thur'mik. Homceothermic. 
Homotonus, hom-ot'on-us (homos, like, tonos, tone). 
That which has the same tension or tone; as con- 
tinued fever, whose symptoms have equal intensity 
during its whole course. 
Homotrophy, hom-ot'ro-fe (homos, trophe, nourish- 
ment). Having the same nourishment and growth. 
Homotype, ho'mo-tipe (homos, like, tupos, type). 
Eepetition of the same essential part, in the series of 
vertebral segments, for example. Parts thus simi- 
larly related are homotypic or serially homologous. 
Homuncio, hom-un'she-o. Human foetus. 
Homunculus, hom-un'ku-lus. A diminutive, debili- 
tated man; mannikin. 
Hondu'ras bark. Cascara amarga. H. sarsapa- 
rilla, variety of sarsaparilla from Belize.. 
Honesty, on'est-e. Lunaria, Clematis vitalba. 
Hone'wort, field. Sison amomum. 
Honey (hun'e). Mel. H. bloom, Apocynum andro- 
535 
HORDEUM 
ssemifolium. H. of bo'rate of so'dium, mel boracis. 
H. of bo'rax, mel boracis. H., clar'ified, mel despu- 
matum. H., lo'cust, Geditschia triacanthos. H., 
prepared, mel praeparatum. H. of roses, mel rosse. 
H. of squill, com'pound, syrupus scillae compositus. 
H. wa'ter, hydromel. 
Hon'eycomb bag. Reticulum. H. ring'worm, 
favus. 
Hon'eysuckle. Lonicera; Cornus succica; Trifo- 
lium pratense; Rhinanthus crista galli. H. bush, 
Diervilla trifida. H., scar'let or trum'pet, Lonicera 
sempervirens. 
Honey-sugar. Glucose. 
Honor capitis, hon'or kap'it-is (honor of the head). 
Hair of the head. 
Honorarium, hon-or-ah're-um. A physician's fee 
or compensation. 
Hood. Caul. H., caud'al, caudal fold of embryo. 
H., cephal'ic, cephalic fold of embryo. 
Hoodwort. Scutellaria lateriflora. 
Hoof'bound. Deformative contraction and dry- 
ness of the back part of the hoof of the horse. 
Hook. Instrument consisting of steel wire, flat- 
tened at the middle, and having the extremities 
crooked and pointed; used by anatomists and sur- 
geons to lay hold of and raise up certain parts in 
delicate dissection or when the parts would slip from 
the fingers. The tenaculum is a variety of hook. See 
Hamus, Hamulus, Uncus. H., blunt, instrument for 
passing over flexures of joints to assist in bringing 
down the foetus in parturition. 
Hoop'er's pills. Pilulae aloes et myrrhae. 
Hoop'ing cough. Pertussis. 
Hoop'tree. Melia azedarach. 
Hoose. Bronchial and pulmonary disease of calves 
and lambs caused by micro-organism, as strongylus 
filaria. 
Hoove. Acute tympanitis of cattle and sheep. 
Hop. Humulus lupulus; Bryonia dioica. H. pilz- 
low, see Humulus lupulus. H. plant, Humulus lu- 
pulus. H. tree, Ptelea trifoliata. H. vine, Humulus 
lupulus. 
Ho'pea splen'dida. Tree of Sunda yielding a fatty 
substance used as a base for ointments. H. ternifo'- 
lia or tincto'ria, sweet leaf; indigenous in Southern 
States; stomachic tonic. 
Hope's cam'phor mix'ture. Mixture of nitrous 
acid, camphor-water, and laudanum, employed in 
diarrhoea, dysentery, etc. 
Hop-horn'beam. Leverwood; Ostrya Virginica. 
Hoplochrisma, hop-lo-kriz'mah (hopion, weapon, 
chrisma, salve). Armatory or sympathetic unguent. 
Salve formerly supposed to cure wounds by sym- 
pathy, the instrument with which the wound was 
inflicted being anointed with it. 
Hoplomochlion, hop-lo-mok'le-on (hopion, weapon, 
mochlos, lever). Iron machine or apparatus which 
embraced the whole body like armor. A figure of it 
is given by Fabricius ab Aquapendente. 
Hops. Humulus lupulus. 
Hora (ho'rah), or Horoeotas (ho-re'o-tas), or Horse- 
otes, ho-re'o-tees. Puberty; maturity. 
Horaea, ho-re'ah. Menses. 
Hordea, hor'de-ah. Small rounded prominence on 
the floor of the fourth ventricle. 
Hordeation, hor-de-a'shun (hordeum, barley). Foun- 
dering of horses from eating too much barley. 
Hordei maltum, hor'da-e mal'tum (malt of barley). 
Malt. H. sem'ina, barley seeds. 
Hordeiform, hor-de'e-form (hordeum, barley, forma, 
shape). Having the shape of barley. 
Hordein, hor'de-in (hordeum, barley). Powder ob- 
tained from barley, analogous to starch. 
Hordeolum, hor-de'ol-um (dim. of Hordeum). Sty 
or stye. Small inflammatory tumor, of the nature of 
a boil, exhibiting itself near the free edge of the eye- 
lids, particularly near the inner angle of the eye. 
Hordeozymose, hor-de-o-zi'moze (hordeum, barley, 
zumosis, fermentation). Diastase. 
Hordeum, hor'de-um. Seeds of Hordeum vulgare 
or Scotch barley, ord. Gramineae, ranked among Ce- HOREHOUND 
realia ; affording a mucilaginous decoction, diluent and 
antiphlogistic. Seeds of Hordeum distichum or sesti- 
vum, Zeocriton distichum, and H. hexastichon pos- 
sess similar properties. Barley is freed from its shells 
in mills, forming Hordeum mundatum or decortica- 
tum or excorticatum, Hordeum (Ph. U. S.), and, at 
times, is rubbed into small round grains, somewhat 
like pearls, when it is called Hordeum perlatum, pearl 
barley, and forms Hordeum denudatum or perlatum, 
or Hordei semina tunicis nudata. Also a germ. H. 
caus'ticum, Veratrum sabadilla. H. decorticaium, 
see Hordeum. H. denuda'tum, see Hordeum. H. 
dis'tichon, see Hordeum. H. excortica'tum, see 
Hordeum. H. galac'ticum, rice. H. germinaium, 
malt. H. hexas'tichon, see Hordeum. H. munda'- 
tum, see Hordeum. H. perlaium, see Hordeum. 
Hore'hound. Marrubium vulgare; Ballota nigra. 
H., black, Ballota fcetida. H., german'der-leaved, 
Eupatorium teucrifolium. H., stinking, Ballota 
fcetida. H., water, Lycopus sinuatus; Lycopus 
Virginicus. H., wild, Eupatorium rotundifolium; 
E. teucrifolium. 
Horistocacopneumonia, hor-ist-o-kak-o-nu-mo'ne- 
ah (horistos, limited, kakos, bad). Circumscribed or 
limited gangrene of the lung. 
Horistopneumonosaprosis, hor-ist-o-nu-mo-no-sap- 
ro'sis (horistos, limited, pneumon, lung, sapros, putrid). 
Horistocacopneumonia. 
Horistopneumonosepsis, hor-ist-o-nu-mo-no-sep'sis 
(horistos, limited, pneumon, lung, sepsis, putrefaction). 
Horistocacopneumonia. 
Horizocardia, hor-iz-o-kard'e-ah (horizon, kardia, 
heart). Horizontal position of that organ on the 
diaphragm in the centre of the cavity of the thorax, 
in some forms of hypertrophy or dilatation. 
Horizontal, hor-i-zon't'l. Term to denote, when used 
anatomically, parallelism to the plane of the horizon 
when a person is standing erect. H. circumference, 
distance measured on exterior of skull through 
ophryon (point at which supraorbital line intersects 
median line) and occipital point. H. lines of demar- 
cation, lines made in retina by planes through hori- 
zontal axis perpendicular to line of sight at crossing- 
point of lines of direction. H. meridian, that de- 
scribed on eyeball or retina by plane of regard passing 
through centre of retina. H. plane, plane through 
centres of rotation of the eyes when the head is erect. 
H. plate, part of palate-bone going to make up hard 
palate. H. ra'mus, horizontal bony portion passing 
backward and inward from the body of the pubis 
toward the acetabulum. H. semicir'cular canal, 
external semicircular canal. H. sul'cus of cerebel'- 
lum, fusion between anterior and middle lobes of 
cerebellum. 
Horme, hor'me. Instinct. 
Horminum, hor-me'num (hormao, to incite, as to 
venery). Salvia horminum. H. colora'tum or sati'- 
vum, Salvia horminum. 
Hor'mion. Point of junction in middle line of 
vomer and sphenoid bone. 
Hormis'cium cerevisise. Torula cerevisiae. 
Hor'mon. Vital principle. 
Horn. Cornu. H. ail, anaemia of horned cattle. H., 
ante'rior, prolongation of lateral ventricle into the 
frontal lobe; anterior gray cornu of spinal cord. H., 
cuta'neous, cornu cutaneum. H., descending, por- 
tion of lateral ventricle, chiefly formed by hippocam- 
pus major. H., exter'nal, posterior cornu of medulla 
oblongata. H., inter'nal, gray matter in medulla 
oblongata corresponding to lateral horn of spinal cord. 
H.rmad, see Mania. H., papillary, cornu cutaneum 
with hypertrophied papilke. H. pop'py, Glaucium 
luteum. H., pos'terior, part of lateral ventricle 
projected into occipital lobe. H. quick'silver, mer- 
cury protochloride; horn silver; silver chloride. 
Hornbean. Carpinus betulus. 
Horn'er's mus'cle. Tensor tarsi. 
Horn'pox. See Varicella. 
Horns. Cornua. H., posterior accessory, exten- 
sions from central gray matter of medulla oblongata 
into cuneate fasciculus. H. of spi'nal cord, semilunar 
536 
HOSPITAL 
muscles of nerve-matter observed in transverse sec- 
tions of gray columns of spinal cord. H. of ven'tri- 
cles, cornua ventriculi. 
Horn'seed. Ergot. H. sil'ver, silver chloride. 
Horn'wort. Ceratophyllum demersum, demulcent 
plant. 
Horn'y. Corneous. H. excres'cences,.excrescences 
occasionally formed on some part of the skin, re- 
sembling in shape the horns of an animal. H. haired, 
superficial layers of epidermic cells. H. sub'stance, 
see Tooth. 
Horop'ito. Drimys axillaris. 
Horop'ter (horos, limit, opter, beholder). Line rep- 
resenting curve along which both eyes can unite in 
vision. 
Horrentia, hor-ren'she-ah (horreo, to shudder). 
Horripilation. 
Horrida cutis, hor'rid-ah ku'tis (rough skin). 
Goose-flesh, goose-skin; a state of the skin produced 
by cold or fear, or accompanying the rigor of an in- 
termittent; produced essentially by the action of 
microscopic muscular fibres-the arrectores pilorum. 
The projections are sometimes called goose-pimples. 
Horripilation, hor-ri-pil-a'shun (horreo, to bristle, 
pilus, hair). General chilliness preceding fever, and 
accompanied with bristling of the hairs over the 
body. See Horrida cutis. 
Horripilato'res. Arrectores pilorum. See Horrida 
cutis. 
Hor'ror (horreo, to shudder). Horripilation. H. 
cibo'rum, disgust for food. 
Hor'rors. Delirium tremens. H. of drink, de- 
lirium tremens. 
Horse. In composition, great. H. aloes, caballine 
aloes. H. balm, Collinsonia Canadensis. H. cane, 
Ambrosia trifida. H. cas'sia, Cassia grandis. H. 
chest'nut, vEsculus hippocastanum. H. crust, crusta 
genu equinse. H. distem'per, influenza. H. doc'tor, 
veterinary surgeon. 
Horse'fly weed. Sophora tinctoria. 
Horse'foot See Kyllosis. H. gen'tian, Triosteum 
perfoliatum. 
Horse'leech. Horse-doctor; veterinary surgeon. 
Horse'mint. Ambrosia trifida, Monarda coccinea, 
M. fistulosa, and M. punctata. H., sweet, Cunila 
mariana. 
Horsenet'tle. Solanum Carolinense. 
Horse'pox. Pustular disease of horses. 
Horse'radish. Cochlearia armoracia. H. tree, 
Moringa pterygosperma. » 
Horseshoe com'missure. Fibres of deep layer of 
lemniscus. H. head, old name for condition of the 
skull in children in which the sutures are too open; 
the coronal suture presenting the form of a horse- 
shoe. H. kid'ney, fatty crescents, or horseshoe con- 
formation, in which the lower ends of the kidneys 
are united by a transverse portion across the spine. 
Horsetail. Hippuris vulgaris; Equisetum; E. hye- 
male. 
Horseweed. Ambrosia trifida; Collinsonia Cana- 
densis; Erigeron Canadense. 
Hortla Brasiliana, hor'she-ah bras-il-e-an'ah. Spe- 
cies of S. American plant, bark of which, antiperi- 
odic, is used as a substitute for quinine. 
Hortulus (dim. of Hortus) cupidinis, hor'tu-lus 
ku-pid'in-is. Vulva. 
Hor'tus. Garden; vulva. H. sic'cus, herbarium. 
Hospital, hos'pit'l (primarily from hospes, guest). 
Infirmary; establishment for the reception, care, and 
treatment of the sick and wounded. Hospitals were 
first instituted about the end of the 4th century, at 
which period the word Nosokomeion was employed, for 
the first time, by St. Jerome. Hospitals may be gen- 
eral, receiving all cases, or special, admitting only 
certain diseases. See Nosocomial. H. at'mosphere, 
see Hospitalism. H., cot'tage, small hospital, with a 
few beds, manageable at a small expense. H. fe'ver, 
typhus fever. H., field, hospital composed of canvas 
or wooden tents to be used by an army in the field. 
H. gan'grene, putrid or malignant ulcer, hospital 
sore ; gangrene occurring in wounds or ulcers in hos- HOSPITALISM 
pitals the air of which has been vitiated by the accu- 
mulation of patients or other circumstance. H., in- 
sane'1, institution for care and treatment of insane. 
H., lep'er, hospital for care and treatment of leprous 
patients. H., lock, hospital for venereal cases. 
Hospitalism, hos'pit'l-izm. Bad influence exerted 
by the air of a hospital on the progress of operations, 
diseases, etc. 
Hospitalization, hos-pi-tal-iz-a'shun. Act of placing 
a person under hospital treatment. 
Host. Organism on which a parasite lives. 
Hot'house. See Achicolum. 
Hottentot apron, hot'ten-tot a'prun. Condition of 
hypertrophied nymphae, seen among Hottentots, in 
which an apron-like flap hangs down on the thighs. 
Hottentottismus, hot-ten-tot-tiz'mus. Severe stut- 
tering, sometimes from oral malformation. 
Hough. Ham; hock. 
Hound's tongue. Cynoglossum. 
Hour'glass contraction of the uterus. Irregular 
contraction of the uterus like that of an hourglass, 
retaining the placenta after birth of child. H. her'- 
nia, variety of oblique inguinal hernia, having a con- 
striction of the hernial sac at some point between the 
position of the testis and that of the external abdomi- 
nal ring. 
House-green. Sempervivum tectorum. 
House'leek Sempervivum tectorum. H., small, 
sedum. 
House'maid's knee. Inflammation of bursa of 
patella with enlargement and effusion from pressure. 
House-pu'pil. See House-surgeon. 
House-sur'geon. Resident surgeon; usually a senior 
housepupil or graduate, residing in a hospital, and 
attending to every accident and disease in the absence 
of the attending physician or surgeon. It answers 
to the eleve interne or interne of the French hos- 
pitals; the eleve externe or externe is a less ad- 
vanced pupil; from the externes the internes are 
chosen. 
Hous'ton's folds. Folds of the rectum. H.'s 
mus'cle, compressor venae dorsalis penis. H.'s valve, 
H.'s folds. 
Ho'ven. Acute tympanites of cattle, usually from 
retained food. 
Ho'vius, canal of. Fontana, canal of. 
How'ard's meth'od. See Drowning, resuscitation 
from, and Artificial respiration. 
How'ship's lacunae, la-ku'ne. Condition in rarefy- 
ing osteitis in which the edge of melting bone-tissue 
is broken by shallow curves or deeper semicircular 
excavations, the concavity being outward, between 
every two of which there is angular projection of 
an intervening portion of bone. 
Hoya coronaria, hoi'ah kor-o-nah're-ah (after Hoy, 
English horticulturist). Species of Asclepidaceae, 
growing in Sumatra, Borneo, etc., milky juice of 
which is used internally in gonorrhoea. 
Huamil'ies bark. Bark of Cinchona micrantha, 
C. nitida, and C. Peruviana. 
Huanokine, hu-au'o-keen. Alkaloid, C20H24N2O, 
obtained from cinchona growing near Huanuco; an- 
tipyretic. * 
Huck'le or Hucklebone. Ischium; coccyx. 
Huckleberry, huk"l-ber-re. See Gaylussacia and 
Vaccinium. H., dwarf, Gaylussacia humosa. 
Huckshouldered, huk'shoal-der'd (G. hocker, pro- 
tuberance). One who has a hump. 
Hueb'ner's disease. Syphilitic endoarteritis, en- 
croaching largely on the lumen of the artery. 
Huechys sanguinea (hu'ek-is san-gwin'e-ah) or 
vesicatoria, ves-ik-at-o're-ah. Blistering fly of 
China. 
Hugonia mystax, hu-go'ne-ah mis'taks. Tree of 
Malabar, root of which is considered tonic, diuretic, 
and vermifuge. 
Huguier (hu-ge'a), canal' of. Small canal at inner 
side of fissure of Glaser, through which the chorda 
tympani nerve leaves the cavity of the tympanum. 
H., disease of, lupus; hypertrophy and abnormal pro- 
trusion of the neck of the uterus into the vagina; 
537 
HUMOR 
uterine fibromyoma. H., operation of, conoidal am- 
putation of neck of uterus. 
Huingan. The seed of this plant, indigenous in 
the Andes, is used in urinary diseases. 
Hulver. Ilex aquifolium. 
Hum. Continuous low murmur. H., ve'nous, 
sound heard in auscultating over a vein. 
Humectant, hu-mek'tant (humecto, to moisten). 
Imparting moisture; augmenting the fluidity, as of 
the blood; diluent. 
Humectation, hu-mek-ta'shun (humecto, to moisten). 
Act of moistening. 
Humeral, u'mer-al. Belonging to, or connected 
with, the arm or humerus. H. ar'tery, brachial 
artery. Descending branch of acromio-thoracic ar- 
tery. H. mus'cle, deltoid muscle. H. nerve, circum- 
flex nerve of arm. H., trans'verse, suprascapular 
artery. 
Humera'lis. Humeral deltoid. 
Hu'meri os. Humerus. 
Hu'mero. In composition, humerus. 
Hu'mero-bicip'ital. Relating to humerus and bi- 
ceps, as humero-bicipital bursa, bursa over tendon of 
long head of biceps in groove of humerus. 
Hu'mero-capsula'ris mus'cle. Occasional muscle 
from internal surface of shaft of humerus, inserted 
in capsular ligament of shoulder. 
Humero-coronarius, hu'mer-o-kor-o-nar'e-us. Epi- 
trochleo-phalangeus. 
Hu'mero-cu'bital articulation. Articulation of 
humerus and ulna at elbow-joint. H.-c. mus'cle, 
brachialis anticus muscle; humero-radialis muscle. 
Humero-metacarpeus, hu'mer-o-met-a-kar'pe-us. 
Muscle of horse, analogue of long and short extensor 
carpi radialis muscles in man. 
Hu'mero-olec'ranal mus'cle. Triceps brachialis 
muscle. 
Humero-phalangeus, hu'mer-o-fal-an-je'us. In the 
horse, analogue of flexor perforatus of man. 
Humero-radial, hu'mer-o-ra'de-al. Muscle of lower 
animals, analogue of brachialis anticus in man. 
Hu'mero-radia'lis mus'cle. Supinator longus mus- 
cle; anconeeus. 
Humero-radio-phalangeus, hu'me-ro-rad'e-o-fal- 
an-je'us. Muscle in the horse, analogue of flexor 
perforans in man. 
Humero-supracarpeus, hu'mer-o-su-pra-kar'pe-us. 
Muscle attached to humerus and carpal bones. 
Humerus, hu'mer-us. Shoulder. Most elevated 
part of the arm; bones concurring in forming it are 
the scapula, head of the humerus, and the clavicle, 
united together by strong ligaments, and covered by 
numerous muscles. Also shoulder-bone, arm-bone; 
cylindrical irregular bone of the arm, the upper ex- 
tremity of which has a hemispherical head connected 
with the scapula, and two tuberosities or tubercles, 
a greater and a lesser, for the attachment of muscles, 
between which is the bicipital groove or fossa. At 
the inferior extremity are the inner and outer con- 
dyles; the small head articulated with the radius; 
the trochlea articulated with the ulna, etc. H., an'- 
gles of, lower borders of the humerus; supracondylar 
ridges. H. sum'mus, top of the humerus; acromion. 
Hu'mid tet'ter of scalp. Vulgar name for eczema. 
Humidity, hu-mid'it-e. Moisture. Absolute humid- 
ity is the actual number of grains of moisture in a 
cubic foot of air. H., rel'ative, percentage of moist- 
ure in the air. 
Humidum, hu'mid-um. Moisture. H. nati'vum, 
H. radicale. H. nati'vum articulo'rum, synovia. 
H. primige'nlum, or radica'le, or semina'le, radical 
moisture; liquid conceived to give flexibility and 
proper consistence to the different organic textures; 
seminal fluid. H. vit'reum, vitreous body. 
Humilis ("humble") (humus, the ground). Bectus 
inferior oculi muscle. 
Humilus, hu'mil-us. Humulus. 
Hum'ming-top mur'mur. Venous hum heard on 
auscultating over a vein. 
Hum'mums. Sweating baths. See Achicolum. 
Hu'mor (humeo, to be moist). Every fluid sub- HUMORAL 
stance of the organized body, as the blood, chyle, 
lymph, etc. Humors differ considerably as to num- 
ber and quality in the different species of organized 
beings, and even in the same species, according to the 
state of health or disease. The ancients reduced them 
to four, which they called cardinal humors-the blood, 
phlegm, yellow bile, and atrabilis or black bile. It is 
not easy to give a satisfactory classification of the 
humors. Popularly, chronic skin disease from dis- 
ordered state of blood. H., albugin'eous, aqueous 
humor; vitreous humor. H. albumin''eus, aqueous 
humor. H. am'nii, liquor amnii. H. aquo'sus, 
aqueous humor. H. articula'ris, synovia. H., card'- 
inal, see Humor. H., ceru'minous, cerumen. H., 
corro'ding, atrabilis. H. Cotugn'ii, perilymph. H., 
crystalline, crystalline lens. H. dor'idis, water, 
sea. H. genita'lis, semen; sperm. H. glacia'lis, 
crystalline, corpus vitreum. H. hyali'nus or hya- 
loi'des, corpus vitreum. H. lacryma'lis, tear. H. 
lac'teus, milk. H. of Meibo'mius, secretion of 
Meibomian glands. H. melanchol'icus, see Mer- 
curialis. H. mercuria'lis, see Mercurialis. H. Mor- 
gagnia'nus or Morgag'nii, Morgagni, humor of. H. 
mucilagino'sus, synovia. H. ova'tus or ovifor'mis, 
aqueous humor. H. pericar'dii, see Pericardium. H. 
purulen'tus, pus. H. Scar'pae, endolymph. H. 
seminaTis, sperm. H. vene'reus, sperm. H., vit'- 
reous, corpus vitreum; endolymph. 
Humoral, hu'mor-al. Proceeding from, or connected 
with, humors. H. her'nia, inflammation and swelling 
of the testicle; see Hernia humoralis. H. pathol'ogy, 
humoralism, humorism. 
Humoralism, hu'mor-al-ism. Theory of agency of 
humors in health and disease; the latter being hu- 
moral pathology or humorism. 
Humoralists, hu'mor-al-ists. Humorists. 
Humores (hu-mo'rees) (pl. of Humor) inquili'ni 
(alien humors). Recrementitial secretions. 
Humorism, hu'mor-izm. Theory founded exclu- 
sively on the parts which the humors were supposed 
to play in the production of disease. See Humor. 
Humorists (hu'mor-ists) or Hu'moralists. Galeni- 
cal and other physicians who attributed all diseases 
to the depraved state of the humors or to vicious 
juices collected in the body. 
Hu'mors. Cold; scrofula. H. of the eye, aqueous 
and vitreous humors and crystalline lens ; see Eye. 
Hump (umbo, boss of a buckler). Hunch, Bunch, 
Boss. Prominence formed by a deviation of the bones 
of the trunk; commonly formed by the spine or ster- 
num, and seated at the posterior or anterior part of 
the trunk. It may also be produced by deviation of 
the ribs or pelvis. The spine may be curved in three 
principal directions: 1, backward, the most common 
case, Cyphosis, Gibbosity; 2, forward, Lordosis, Re- 
curv atio; and, 3, laterally, Scoliosis, Obstipatio. Most 
curvatures occur at a very early age, and are caused 
by scrofula, rickets, etc., and not unfrequently they 
are accompanied by caries of the vertebrae; see 
Vertebral disease. One who has a hump is called 
humpbacked, hunchbacked, hunchbacked, humpty, 
huckshouldered, or shrumpshouldered. 
Hump'backed or Humpty, hump'te. See Hump. 
Hu'mulo-tan'nic acid. Tannic acid derived from 
hops. 
Humulin, hu'mu-lin. Lupulin. See Humulus lu- 
pulus. 
Humulus (hu'mu-lus) (humus, ground, on which it 
creeps) or H. lu'pulus. Hop-plant, nat. ord. Urtica- 
ceae. Its cones or strobiles, Humulus (Ph. U. S. and Br.), 
have a fragrant odor, a bitter, aromatic taste, depend- 
ing on a peculiar principle, named lupulin (humulin 
would be a more correct term), extractive and essen- 
tial oil, extracted, equally by water and spirit, from the 
dried strobiles. The hop is employed as a tonic and 
hynoptic and a diaphoretic; it increases the action of, 
and enters into the composition of, ale and beer. The 
hop-pillow has long been used for producing sleep. 
Hunch. Hump. 
Hunch-backed. See Hump. 
Hun'dred-leaved rose. Rosa centifolia. 
538 
HYALISTOS 
Hungarian bal'sam. H. turpentine. H. disease, 
angina pectoris. H. leeeh, hirudo officinalis. H. tur'- 
pentine, thin turpentine obtained by exudation from 
Pinus pumilis. H. valo'nia, acorn-cups of European 
white oak, Quercus robur. 
Hungarica febris, hun-gar'ik-ah feb'ris. Fever, 
Hungary. 
Hung'er. Necessity for taking food; internal sen- 
sation, dictated by the wants of the system, which some 
have attributed to the friction between the sides of 
the stomach in its empty state; others, to compression 
of the nerves when the organ is contracted; others, 
to the action of the gastric juice, etc. See Appetite. 
H. cure, treatment of disease, as syphilis, by semi- 
starvation. H. plague or ty'phus, relapsing fever. 
H. weed, Ranunculus arvensis; Alopecurus agrestis. 
Hung'ry. Affected with hunger. 
Hunterian chancre, hun-te're-an shan'ker (from 
John Hunter, English surgeon). Hard or indurated, 
infecting 'chancre; true venereal ulcer, followed by 
constitutional symptoms. 
Hun'ter's canal. Aponeurotic membrane extend- 
ing upward from the opening for the femoral vessels 
in the adductor magnus muscles, enclosing between 
the several muscles of the thigh a passage, Hunter's 
canal, containing the femoral artery and vein and the 
saphenous nerve. H.'s operation for an'eurism, 
ligature of an artery in its continuity, on the proxi- 
mal side and at a distance from the sac. 
Huntington's chore'a. Hereditary chorea of adult 
life. See Chorea. 
Huntsman's cup. Rhizome of Sarracenia flava of 
S. United States; used in diarrhoea. 
Hunyadi Janos, hoon'yah-di yan'os. Bitter Hun- 
garian natural water, strongly purgative, from large 
amount of sulphate of sodium and magnesium con- 
tained in it. 
Hur a Brasiliensis, hu'rah braz-il-e-en'sis. Assacou, 
Assacu, Ussacu. Brazilian tree which in the extract 
of the bark is esteemed in leprosy; also given in 
elephantiasis and as an anthelmintic; bark, juice, 
and seeds are cathartic and emetic. H. crepitans, 
sand-box tree of Africa and South America; used in 
leprosy; seeds are emeto-cathartic. 
Hu tin. Principle found in juice of Hura crepitans. 
Hurt. Injury. See Trauma. 
Hurtleberry. Vaccinium myrtillus. 
Husch'ke's teeth. Denticulate processes of spiral 
crest of cochlea. H.'s valve, semilunar mucous fold 
in the lacrymal sac. 
Husk'y. Rough, as of the voice. 
Hutchinson's disease. Senile degeneration of the 
retina around the yellow spot. H.'s teeth, semilunar 
and notched condition of free border of incisor teeth 
of upper jaw in inherited syphilis. H.'s tri'ad, syph- 
ilitic teeth; olitis; interstitial keratitis. 
Hux'ham's tincture. Tinctura cinchonse compos- 
ita. 
Huxley's lay'er, mem'brane, or sheath. Inner 
layer of the inner root-sheath of the hair, the outer 
layer being the inner root-sheath of Henle. 
Hyacinth (hi'a-sinth), wild. Scilla nutans; S.escu- 
lenta. 
Hysenanche (he-e-nan'ke) Capen'sis or globo'sa 
(hyaena, ancho, to strangle). Shrub of S. Africa, the 
fruit of which is used to destroy beasts of prey. 
Hyaleus, he-al-a'us (hualos, glass). Hyaline. 
Hy'alin. Albuminoid substance, like amyloid mat- 
ter, found in certan kinds of morbid growths, as 
miliary tubercle; wall of hydatid cysts. 
Hyaline, hi'al-ine. Vitreous; glassy; resembling 
glass. H. canal'', hyaloid canal. H. cartilage, clear, 
homogeneous type of cartilage, such as articular carti- 
lages. H. cast, clear, homogeneous urinary tube-cast. 
H. coat, thin layer of dermic coat of hair-follicle. H. 
cylinder, H. cast. H. degeneration, degeneration 
by conversion into hyalin. H. sub'stance, cytoblas- 
tema. 
Hyalino'sis. Hyaline waxy degeneration. 
Hyalistos (he-al-is'tos) or Hyalistus, he-al-is'tus. 
Vitreous body. HYALITIS 
Hyalitis, he-al-e'tis. Inflammation of the hyaloid 
membrane of the eye or vitreous humor. 
Hyalo, he'al-o {hualos, glass). In composition, vit- 
reous. 
Hyalodei'tis. Hyalitis. 
Hyalodeomala/cia {hualodes, vitreous, malakia, soft- 
ness). Softening of vitreous humor. 
Hyalodeonyx'is. Hyalonixis. 
Hyalodeoproptosis, he-al-o-de-o-prop-to'sis {hyalo, 
proptosis, falling forward). Prolapse of corpus vit- 
reum. 
Hyalodes, he-al-o'dees. Hyaloid; corpus vitreum. 
Hyalogen, hi-al'o-jen {hyalo, gennao, to engender). 
Albuminous substance in cartilage. 
Hyaloid, hi'al-oid {hyalo, eidos, resemblance). Vit- 
riform; resembling glass; relating or appertaining to 
the hyaloid body, hyaloid membrane, etc. H. ar'tery, 
branch of central artery of retina passing to capsule 
of lens. H. bod'y, vitreous body. H. canal, see Hy- 
aloid membrane. H. car'tilage, see Cartilage. H. fos'- 
sa, see Hyaloid membrane. H. hu'mor, vitreous body. 
H. mem/brane, extremely delicate membrane form- 
ing exterior covering of the vitreous humor, and 
transmitting within it prolongations dividing it into 
cells. Fallopius discovered it, and called it hyaloid. 
On a level with the entrance of the optic nerve into 
the eye, the hyaloid membrane forms by reflection 
a cylindrical canal, hyaloid canal, which pierces the 
vitreous humor from behind to before. It trans- 
mits the capsular artery of the eye in fcetal life. H. 
sub'stance, vitreous body. 
Hyaloidei'tis or Hyaloiditis, he-al-o-id-e'tis. Hyal- 
itis. 
Hyaloidia propria, he-al-o-id'e-ah pro'pre-ah. Hy- 
aloid membrane. 
Hyaloidioproptosis, he-al-o-id-e-o-prop-to'sis. Pro- 
lapse of corpus vitreum. 
Hyaloidi'tis. Hyalitis. 
Hyaloma, he-al-o'mah. Alteration of the eye into 
a glass-like mass. 
Hyalomeninx, he-al-o-men'inks {hyalo, meninx, 
membrane). Hyaloid membrane. 
Hyalonixis (he-al-o-niks'is) or Hyalonyxis {hyalo, 
nusso, to push). Puncture of vitreous body; depres- 
sion of lens in cataract by incision through the scle- 
rotic. 
Hyalophagia, he-al-o-fah'je-ah {hualos, glass, phago, 
to eat). Glass-eating; mania for eating glass. 
Hyaloplasm, hi'al-o-plazm {hualos, glass, plasso, to 
form). Transparent formative material or plasma. 
Hyalos, he'al-os. Vitrum or glass. 
Hyanche, he-an'ke {hus, swine, ancho, to choke). 
Cynanche tonsillaris. 
Hyban'thus ipecacuan'ha. lonidium ipecacuanha; 
plant of S. America, from which a false variety of 
ipecacuanha is obtained. 
Hybernation, hi-ber-na'shun. Hibernation. 
Hyboma, hib-o'mah {huboo, to make convex). 
Humpback; gibbosity. 
Hybosis, hib-o'sis {huboo, to make convex). Gib- 
bosity ; production of hyboma or humpback. 
Hybrid, hi'brid {hubris, mongrel). Cross-bred; born 
of two different species, as the mule. Term applied 
to plants as well as to animals; also to mixture of 
two different diseases. The result is termed hybridity 
or hybridism. Hybrid is also used to designate words 
from two different languages, as uteritis, inflammation 
of the uterus, in place of metritis. 
Hybridation, hi-brid-a'shon. Hybridization. 
Hybridism (hi'brid-izm) or Hybrid'ity. See Hybrid. 
Hybridization, hi-brid-i-za'shun. Production of a 
hybrid or of a hybrid state. 
Hydaleus, hid-al'e-us. Dropsical. 
Hydarthrosis (hid-ar-thro'sis) or Hydarthrus, hid- 
ar'thrus. Hydrarthrus. 
Hydas, he'das. Water. 
Hydatseromenous, hid-at-e-rom'en-us. Dropsical; 
hydreemic. 
Hydatenterocele, hid-at-ent-er-o-se'le (Eng. hid-at- 
ent'er-o-seel) {hudor, water, enteron, intestine, Icele, 
tumor). Hernia complicated with hydrocele. 
539 
HYDATOSIS 
Hydatid, hi-dat'id (hudor, water). Hydatic cyst; 
echinococcus hominis or humanus. Encysted tumor 
containing aqueous and transparent fluid. Subse- 
quently applied to vesicles softer than the tissue of 
membranes, more or less transparent, developed within 
organs, but without adhering to their tissues. They 
are found in various parts of the body; sometimes in 
the uterus, occasioning signs nearly similar to those 
of pregnancy, but being sooner or later expelled. 
Expulsion is generally attended with more or less 
hemorrhage. See Acephalocyst. H., alve'olar, nerve- 
sac at root of tooth. H. cyst, hydatid. H. of epi- 
did'ymis, corpora Morgagnii. H. frem'itus, sound 
heard on percussion over tumors containing hydatids. 
H. mole, formation of a cyst-like character, included 
by Virchow in the class of mucous tumors forming in 
the hypertrophied villi of the chorion. H. of Mor- 
gag'ni, corpora Morgagnii. H., pill-box, seeAcephalo- 
cystis. 
Hydatidepatitis, hid-at-id-ep-at-e'tis (hydatid, hepa- 
titis, inflammation of liver). Hepatitis complicated 
with hydatids. 
Hydatides, hid-at'id-ees (pl. of Hydatis) cervi'cis 
u'teri. Nabothi glandulse. 
Hydatidiform, hi-dat-id'i-form. Hydatiform. 
HydatidoceTe or Hydatocele, hi-dat-o-se'le (Eng. 
hi-dat'o-seel) (hydatid, kele, tumor). Oscheocele con- 
taining hydatids. Hydatid tumor, of scrotum par- 
ticularly. 
Hydatidoid, hid-at'id-oid. Eesembling hydatids. 
Hydatidoma, hid-at-id-o'mah. Tumor caused by 
hydatids. 
Hydatidoscheocele, hid-at-id-os-ke-o-se'le (Eng. 
hid-at-id-os'ke-o-seel) (oscheon, scrotum, kele, tumor). 
Hydatidocele. 
Hydatidosis, hid-at-id-o'sis. Condition of one af- 
fected with hydatids. 
Hydat'ids of neck of u'terus. Nabothi glandulae. 
Hydatiform (hi-dat'i-form), Hydatin'iform, or Hy- 
datidiform. Eesembling a hydatid. H. mole, collec- 
tion of watery cysts or tumors resulting from degen- 
eration of the chorion. 
Hydatinus, hid-at-e'nus. Hydatoid. 
Hydatis, hid'at-is. Hydatid or hydatid cyst. 
Echinococcus hominis. Small transparent vesicular 
tumor of the eyelids. H. acephalocys'tis, acephalo- 
cyst. H. ccenu'rus, C. cerebralis. H. conjunctive or 
cuticula'ris, small transparent vesicular tumor of the 
eyelids. H. echinococ'cus, echinococcus. H. fin'ne, 
cysticercus cellulosse. H. pal'pebrse, H. conjunctivae. 
H. termina'lis, corpora Morgagnii. 
Hydatism, hi'dat-izm. Noise caused by the fluctua- 
tion of pus in an abscess, hydrothorax, etc. 
Hydato, hid-at'o (hudor). In composition, water. 
Hydatocele, hid-at-o-se'le (Eng. hid-at'o-seel). Hyd- 
atidocele; hydrocele. 
Hydatocholos (hid-at-ok'ol-os) or Hydatoch'olus 
(hydato, chole, bile). Aquoso-bilious. Epithet given 
to evacuated matters when mixed with water and 
bile. 
Hydatodei'tis. Hydatoditis. 
Hydatodes, hid-at-o'dees. Dropsical: aqueous. 
Hydatoditis, hid-at-od-e'tis. Serous inflammation 
of the iris; inflammation of lining membrane of ante- 
rior chamber. 
Hydatoid, hi'dat-oid. Watery; resembling water 
or hydatid. Name given to the membrane of the 
aqueous humor and to the aqueous humor itself. 
Hyaloid. 
Hydatoncus, hid-at-on'kus (hydato, onkos, tumor). 
Anasarca; oedema; watery tumor. 
Hydatoposia, hid-at-o-po'ze-ah (hydato, posis, 
drinking). Water-drinking. 
Hydatopotes,hid-at-op'o-tees (sameetymon). Water- 
drinker. 
Hydatorrhcea, hid-at-or-rhe'ah (hydato, rheo, to 
flow). Watery flow or evacuation; hydrorrhcea. 
Hydatoscheocele, hid-at-os-ke-o-se'le (Eng. hid-at- 
os'ke-o-seel). Hydatidoscheocele. 
Hydatosis, hid-at-o'sis. Formation of or tendency 
to dropsy; accumulation of water. HYDATOTHE RAPE! A 
Hydatotherapeia, hid-at-o-ther-ap-e'ah (hydato, 
therapeia, a cure). Hydrotherapy or water-cure. 
Hydat'ula cerebra'lis. Caenurus cerebralis. H. 
solita'ria, cysticercus. 
Hyderiasis, hid-er-e'as-is. Dropsy. 
Hydericus (hid-er'ik-us) or Hyderodes, hid-er-o'- 
dees. Dropsical; hydropic. 
Hyderoncus, hid-er-on'kus. Anasarca; oedema; 
watery tumor. 
Hyd/eros or Hyderus. Anasarca; dropsy ; diabetes. 
Hydnocarpus (hid-no-kar'pus) anthelmint'icus. 
Tree of Cochin China; seed is used as substitute for 
St. Ignatius's beans. H. ine'brians, H. venenata. 
H. odora'ta, Gynocardia odorata. H. venena'ta, of 
Ceylon; seeds are sometimes sold for those of Gyn- 
ocardia odorata, chaulmugra seeds. H. Wightia'na, 
of India; seeds have similar properties to those of H. 
odoratus. 
Hydorrhoea, hid-or-rhe'ah. Hydrorrhoea. 
Hydracetine, hy-dras'et-een. Colorless, odorless, 
nearly tasteless substance obtained by heating to- 
gether phenylhydrazine and acetic anhydride, or by 
action of glacial acetic acid on phenylhydrazine. 
Antipyretic in doses of gr. | or a little more, but even 
in these doses caution must be used and the medicine 
employed only for a day or two, as it is a cumulative 
blood-poison; externally it is used in skin diseases, 
especially in psoriasis. 
Hydrachnis, hid-rak'nis (hydro, achna, down, or 
sordes). Conoidal chickenpox in which the vesicles 
are generally acuminated and fluid pellucid through- 
out. 
Hydracid, hi'dras-id. A hydrogen acid, as hydro- 
chloric or hydrocyanic acid. 
Hydracryl'ic ac'id. Acid isomeric with lactic acid. 
Hydraden, hid-rad'en (hydro, aden, gland). Con- 
globate or lymphatic gland. 
Hydradenitis, hid-rad-en-e'tis (hydraden, itis). In- 
flammation of a lymphatic gland or sweat-gland. 
Hydradenoma, hid-rad-en-o'mah (hudor, water, 
adenoma). Adenoma containing serum or water. 
Hydrsedus, hid-re'dus (hydro, aidoia, genital or- 
gans). GEdema of the female organs. 
Hydraamatocele, hid-re-mat-o-se'le (Eng. hi-dre- 
mat'o-seel). Hsematocele supervening on hydrocele. 
Hydraamia, hid-re'me-ah (hydro, haima, blood). 
Hydrosemia; anaemia. 
Hydrae'mic, hi-dre'mik. Anaemic. H. oedema, see 
(Edema. 
Hydragoga (hid-rah-go'gah), Hydragogia (hid-rah- 
go'je-ah), or Hydragogica, hid-rah-go'jik-ah. Hyd- 
ragogues; lymphatics. 
Hydragogues, hi'dra-gogs (hydro, ago, to expel). 
Medicines which cause watery evacuations; gener- 
ally cathartics or diuretics. 
Hydragogum, hid-rah-go'gum. Hydragogue. H. 
Boyl'ei, nitrate of silver. 
Hydrallas, hid-ral'las (hydro, alias, sausage). Mor- 
bid increase in the quantity of the fluid of the allan- 
tois. 
Hydralmae, hid-ral'me (hydro, halme, saltness). 
Saline mineral waters. 
Hydramide, hi'dram-ide. Amide obtained from 
subjecting an aldehyde to the action of ammonia. 
Hydramnios, hid-ram'ne-os. Excessive quantity 
of the liquor amnii. 
Hydramyl, hi'dram-il. Amyl hydride. 
Hydrangea arborescens, liid-ran'je-ah ar-bo-res'- 
sens (hydro, angeion, vessel). Sevenbark, Wild hyd- 
rangea, Bissum. Indigenous plant of Middle and 
Western States, leaves of which are tonic, sialagogue, 
cathartic, diuretic, and antilithic. H. Thunber'gii, 
species, leaves of which are employed by Japanese to 
make a tea called tea of heaven. H. vulgar'is, H. 
arborescens. 
Hydrangeia, hid-ran-ji'ah (hydro, angeion, vessel). 
Lymphatic vessels. 
Hydrangeitis, hid-ran-je-e'tis (hydrangia, itis). In- 
flammation of lymphatic vessels; lymphangeitis. 
Hydrangia, hid-ran'je-ah (hydro, angeion, vessel). 
Lymphatic vessels. 
540 
' HYDRARGYR1 
Hydrangin, hid-ran'jin. Crystalline glucoside 
from root of Hydrangea arborescens. 
Hydrangiography, hid-ran-je-og'raf-e {hydrangia, 
graphe, description). Description of lymphatic ves- 
sels. 
Hydrangiology, hid-ran-je-ol'o-je (hydrangia, logos, 
discourse). Treatise on lymphatic vessels. 
Hydrangiotomy, hid-ran-je-ot'o-me (hydrangia, tome, 
incision). Dissection of vessels. 
Hydran'osos or Hydran'usus {hydro, nosos, disease). 
Serous exudation; hydatosis. 
Hydrargism, he-drar'jizm. Hydrargyriasis. 
Hydrargyranatripsis (hid-rar-jir-an-ah-trip'sis), 
Hydrargyrentrip'sis, or Hydrargyrotrip'sis {hydrar- 
gyrum, anatripsis, rubbing in). Mercurial inunction. 
Hydrargyrate, hi-drar'je-rate. Eelating to or con- 
taining mercury. 
Hydrargyrenterophthisis, hid-rar-jer-en-ter-o-te'sis 
{hydrargyrum, enteron, intestine, phthisis, wasting). 
Wasting enteric disease from use of mercury. 
Hydrargyri acetas, hid-rar'jir-e as-e'tas. Acetate 
of mercury. H. amida'to-bichlo'ridum, hydrargy- 
rum ammoniatum. H. et ammo'nii-chlo'ridum, hyd- 
rargyrum ammoniatum. H. ammo'nio-chlo'ridum, 
hydrargyrum ammoniatum. H. ammoniure'tum, hyd- 
rargyrum ammoniatum. H. et arsen'ici io'didum, 
arsenic and mercury, iodide of. H. ben'zoas, benzoate 
of mercury. H. bichlore'turn or bichlo'ridum, chlo- 
ridum corrosivum (Ph. U. S.), bichloride, perchloride, 
or oxymuriate, or corrosive chloride or muriate of 
mercury, corrosive sublimate, mercuric chloride. In 
colorless crystalline masses, acrid taste, soluble in 
water and alcohol; alterative, antiseptic, antisyph- 
ilitic, eutrophic in venereal complaints, old cutaneous 
affections, etc.; externally escharotic and antiseptic, 
usually in proportion of 1 part of the bichloride to 2000 
parts of water. Dose, gr. to three times a day, 
in pill. Intense irritant poison ; white of egg is best 
antidote to it when taken in an overdose. Yellow 
wash, phagedenic wash, made by adding corrosive 
sublimate to lime-water, is a common application to 
syphilitic sores. H. bicyan'idum or bicyanure'tum, 
H. cyanuretum. H. binio'didum, H. iodidum ru- 
brum. H. binox'idum, H. oxidum rubrum. H. bl- 
sulphure'tum, H. sulphuretum rubrum. H. bo'ras, 
combination of calomel and borax formerly used. H. 
borus'sias, H. cyanuretum. H. bro'midum, bromide 
of mercury. Protobromide and bibromide are analo- 
gous in composition and medicinal properties to the 
corresponding iodides of mercury, but have peculiar 
properties of bromides. Dose of the former is gr. j.; 
of the latter, gr. H. calx al'ba, hydrargyrum 
ammoniatum. H. car'bolas, carbolate of mercury. 
H. chlore'tum or chlo'ridum, H. chloridum mite. 
H. chlo'ridum corrosi'vum, H. bichloridum. H. 
chlo'ridum mi'te (Ph. U. S.), mild chloride, proto- 
chloride, submuriate, subchloride, or mild muriate of 
mercury, calomel, mercurous chloride; white, insol- 
uble powder; alterative, antisyphilitic, and siala- 
gogue; in large doses purgative, in dose of gr. to 
v or x. Black wash, formed of calomel and lime-water, 
is used for syphilitic sores. H. cyan'idum or cyanu- 
re'tum (Ph. U. S.), cyanuret, cyanide, or prussiate of 
mercury; colorless salt, with strong metallic taste, 
soluble in water and alcohol; may be made by dis- 
solving mercuric oxide in hydrocyanic acid; anti- 
syphilitic. H. deutochlo'ridum, H. bichloridum. H. 
deutoio'didum or deutoiodure'tum, H. iodidum ru- 
brum. H. deutoni'tras, see II. nitras. H. deuto- 
sul'phas, H. sulphas. H. diperni'tras, see Id. nitras. 
H. hyperoxo'des, H. nitrico-oxidum. H. io'didum or 
io'didum vir'ide (Ph. U. S.), iodide, protiodide, or 
green iodide of mercury, mercurous iodide; greenish, 
tasteless powder, scarcely soluble in water, insoluble 
in alcohol; alterative in scrofula and syphilis. Dose, 
gr. gradually increased. H. io'didum chlo'- 
ridi, mercury, iodide of chloride of. H. io'didum ru'- 
brum (Ph. U. S. and Br.), red iodide, biniodide, deutio- 
dide, or periodide of mercury, mercuric iodide; scarlet, 
tasteless powder, almost insoluble in water, soluble in 
120 parts of alcohol at 60° Fahr.; made by double de- HYDRARGYRI 
composition of mercuric chloride and potassium iodide; 
irritant poison, but used therapeutically as antisyph- 
ilitic. Dose, gr. H. io'didum vir'ide, H. iodi- 
dum. H. iodobichlo'ridum, mercury, iodide of chlo- 
ride of. H. mu'rias ba'si ox'idi imperfec'ti, H. bichlo- 
ridum. H. mu'rias corrosi'vus, H. bichloridum. 
H. mu'rias dul'cis sublima'tus, H. chloridum mite. 
H. mu'rias oxygena'tus, H. bichloridum. H. mu'- 
rias spirituo'sus liq'uidus, liquor hydrargyri oxy- 
muriatis. H. mu'rias suboxygena'tus prsecipita- 
tio'ne para'tus, hydrargyrum ammoniatum; calomel 
prepared by precipitation. H. ni'tras, nitrate of 
mercury, mercurous nitrate; colorless salt prepared 
by dissolving mercury in nitric acid and water; 
it is employed in syphilis, and, externally, in 
fungus, obstinate ulcers, and in ringworm. Acid 
nitrate of mercury, mercuric nitrate, solution of super- 
nitrate of mercury, solution of supernitrate of deut- 
oxide of mercury; made by dissolving mercury in 
nitric acid and distilled water; has been used as a 
caustic in malignant ulcerations and cancerous affec- 
tions; see Liquor hydrargyri nitrici. H. nit'rico-ox'i- 
dum, hydrargyri oxidum rubrum (Ph. U. S. and Br.), 
nitric oxide of mercury, red oxide of mercury, mer- 
curic oxide, red precipitate; insoluble scales or pow- 
der, made by decomposing mercuric nitrate by heat; 
used externally only, as stimulant and escharotic, in 
foul ulcers, being sprinkled on the part in fine pow- 
der or united with lard into an ointment. H. ox'idi 
mu'rias ammoniaca'li, hydrargyrum prsecipitatum. 
H. oxid'ulum ni'grum, H. oxidum cinereum. H. 
ox'idum cine'reum, gray or black oxide of mercury, 
mercurous oxide; it may be formed by boiling mild 
chloride of mercury in lime-water. Dose of pow- 
dered oxide is from two to ten grains. H. ox'idum 
fla'vum (PhqU. S. and Br.), yellow oxide of mercury, 
yellow mercuric oxide; orange-yellow powder, without 
taste or odor, insoluble in water or alcohol; obtained 
by precipitation from corrosive chloride of mercury 
solution by means of solution of soda or potassa; 
used externally in affections of the skin, but chiefly 
in those of the eyelids. Mercurius solubilis of Hahn- 
emann is formed from a black oxide of mercury; it 
is the oxydum hydrargyri nigri mediante ammonia 
ex protonitrate hydrargyri pnecipitatum, azotas 
hydrargyroso-ammonicus, considered, in Germany 
and France, antisyphilitic. Dose, gr. | to gr. j. Used 
in the same cases as the hydrargyri oxidum cine- 
reum. H. ox'idum ni'grum, H. oxidum cinereum. 
H. ox'idum ni'tricum, hydrargyri nitrico-oxidum. 
H. ox'idum ru'brum, H. nitrico-oxidum. H. ox'idum 
ru'brum per ac'idum ni'tricum, hydrargyri nitrico- 
oxidum. H. ox'idum sacchara'tum, hydrargyrum 
saccharatum. H. ox'idum sulphu'ricum, hydrargyri 
sulphas flava. H. oxo'des ru'brum, H. nitro-oxidum. 
H. oxymu'rias, H. chloridum mite. H. perchlo'ri- 
dum, H. bichloridum. H. perio'didum, H. iodidum 
rubrum. H. permu'rias, hydrargyri bichloridum. H. 
persul'phas (Ph.Br.), mercuric sulphate; white pow- 
der, made by heating mercury with sulphuric acid; 
used in preparation of other salts. H. phos'phas, mer- 
cury, phosphate of. H. et potas'sii io'didum, iodide 
of mercury and potassium. H. prsecipita'tum al'- 
bum, hydrargyrum ammoniatum. H. protoio'didum 
or protoio dure'turn, H. iodidum. H. protoni'tras, 
mercurous nitrate, H. nitras. H. prototar'tras, H. 
tartras. H. prus'sias, H. cyanidum. H. et qui'nise 
chlo'ridum, combination of corrosive sublimate and 
quinia, used in obstinate skin diseases. H. et qui'nise 
protochlo'ridum, protochloride of mercury and 
quinia, combination of mild chloride of mercury and 
quinia, administered in obstinate cutaneous diseases. 
H. sacch'arum vermif'ugum, hydrargyrum saccha- 
ratum. H. subchlo'ridum, H. chloridum mite. H. 
subio'didum, H. iodidum. H. submu'rias, H. chlo- 
ridum mite. H. submu'rias ammonia'tum, hydrar- 
gyrum ammoniatum. H. subsul'phas or s. fla'vus 
(Ph. U. 8.), hydrargyri sulphas flavus. H. subsul'phas 
peroxidat'i, hydrargyri sulphas flava. H. sul'phas, 
hydrargyri persulpbas. H. sul'phas fla'va, basic 
mercuric sulphate, yellow subsulphate of mercury, 
541 
HYDRARGYRUM 
oxymercuric sulphate, turpeth mineral, subsulphate 
of mercury; yellow odorless powder, with metal- 
lic taste, not soluble in water or alcohol; formed 
by action of boiling water on mercuric sulphate; 
alterative, errhine, and emetic; irritant poison. H. 
sulphure'tum ni'grum, black sulphuret of mer- 
cury, sulphuret of mercury with sulphur, sethiops 
mineral; made by treating equal parts of sulphur 
and mercury until metallic globules disappear; used 
chiefly in scrofulous and cutaneous affections. Dose, 
gr. x to 3ss. H. sulphure'tum ru'brum, H. sulphi- 
dum rubrum (Ph. U. S.), bisulphuret or red sulphuret 
of mercury, mercuric sulphide, cinnabar, cinoper, 
vermilion ; insoluble scarlet powder, without taste or 
odor, made by heating together sulphur and mercury, 
and afterward subliming; antisyphilitic, but chiefly 
used in fumigation against venereal ulcers of the 
nose, mouth, and throat-3ss being thrown on a red- 
hot iron. H. supermu'rias, H. bichloridum. H. 
superni'tras, see Hydrargyri nitras. H. tar'tras or 
prototar'tras, tartrate of mercury; antisyphilitic. 
Dose, one or two grains twice a day. 
Hydrargyria (hid-rar-jir'e-ah), Hydrargyriasis 
(hid-rar-jir-e'as-is), or Hydrargyro'sis. Disease in- 
duced by the use of mercury; mercurial disease; 
poisoning by mercury; eczema mercuriale. Also the 
phenomena produced by mercury on the organism, 
mercurialism. 
Hydrargyricum (hid-rar-jir'ik-um) or Hydrargyr- 
ium, hid-rar-jir'e-um. Mercurial. 
Hydrargyrism, hi-drar'jir-izm. Hydrargyria. 
Hydrargyroman'ia. Insanity from use of mer- 
cury. 
Hydrargyrophthal'mia. Ophthalmia from use of 
mercury. 
Hydrargyrosialorrhoea, hid-rar-jir-o-se-al-or-rhe'ah 
{hydrargyrum, mercury, sialon, saliva, rheo, to flow). 
Mercurial salivation. 
Hy dr ar gyro sis, hid-rar-jir-o'sis. Eczema mercu- 
riale ; hydrargyria. 
Hy dr ar gyro stomatitis, hid-rar-jir-o-sto-mat-e'tis. 
Mercurial salivation; mercurial stomatitis; mercurial 
sore throat. 
Hydrargyrotripsis, hid-rar-jir-o-trip'sis {hydrar- 
gyrum, tripsis, rubbing). Mercurial inunction. 
Hydrargyrum, hid-rar'jir-um {hydro, arguros, sil- 
ver). Mercury; quicksilver. Fluid, brilliant metal, 
of a slightly bluish-white color; fluid above -39° 
of Fahr, and under 662°. S. g., when liquid, 13.5; 
easily oxidized. Metallic quicksilver does not act on 
the body when taken into the stomach; but if oxi- 
dized and combined with acids, it acts powerfully. 
It has been exhibited in cases of constriction of the 
bowels and intussusception, from a notion that it must 
certainly pass through the, bowels by its gravity. 
When the crude metal is distilled in an iron retort 
it forms hydrargyrum purificatum. H. aceta'tum 
or ace'ticum, mercury, acetate of. H. albumina'- 
tum, mercury albuminate. H. amida'to-bichlo'ri- 
dum or amida'to-bichlora'tum, H. ammoniatum. 
H. ammonia'to-muriat'icum, H. ammoniatum. H. 
ammonia'tum (Ph. U. S. and Br.), ammonio- 
chloride of mercury, ammoniated mercury, white 
precipitate of mercury, amidochloride of mer- 
cury, white precipitate; white insoluble powder, 
devoid of odor or taste, made by precipitation 
from solution of mercuric chloride with water 
of ammonia. A peroxide, combined with muriatic 
acid and ammonia, forming a triple salt. Used 
in powder to destroy vermin; and, united with lard, 
for the same purpose, as well as in scabies and other 
cutaneous affections. H. arsenla'to-ioda'tum, ar- 
senic and mercury, iodide of. H. bibroma'tum, hy- 
drargyri bibromidum. H. bichlorat'um, hydrargyri 
bichloridum. H. bichlorat'um ammonia'tum, H. 
ammoniatum. H. b. corrosi'vum, hydrargyri bichlor- 
idum. H. biiodat'um cum kalio ioda'to, potassii hyd- 
rargyro-iodidum. H. biiodat'um ru'brum, hydrargyri 
iodidum rubrum. H. bisulphure'tum ru'brum, 
red sulphide of mercury. H. borus'sicum, hydrar- 
gyri cyanuretum. H. broma'tum, hydrargyri HYDRARGYRUS 
bromidum. H. carbol'icum, mercury carbolate. H. 
chlor a'turn or chlora'tum mite, hydrargyri chloridum 
mite H. corrosi'vum al'bum or sublima'tum, hyd- 
rargyri bichloridum. H. cum cre'ta, mercury with 
chalk, gray powder, protoxide of mercury; formed by 
trituration with carbonate of lime. It may be advan- 
tageously exhibited in diarrhoea in children depend- 
ent upon acidity and vitiated secretions; dose, 2 to 10 
grains in any viscid substance. H. cyana'tum or cyano- 
gena'tum, hydrargyri cyanuretum. H. dul'ce prse- 
cipita'tum, hydrargyri chloridum mite. H. elain'- 
icum, mercury oleate. H. formamida'tum, mercury 
formamidate; salt introduced for hypodermic injec- 
tion in syphilis, being solution of mercuric forma- 
mide, made by action of caustic soda on corrosive 
sublimate, washing the precipitate, dissolving in for- 
mamide and water at 30° to 48° C. H. hydrocyan'- 
icum, hydrargyri cyanuretum. H. ioda'tum, hydrar- 
gyri iodidum. H. ioda'tum cum chlo'rido-mercu'rii, 
mercury, iodide of chloride of. H. ioda'tum fla'vum, 
hydrargyri iodidum. H. ioda'tum ru'brum, hydrar- 
gyri iodidum rubrum. H. iodidula'tum, hydrargyri 
iodidum. H. cum magne'sia resembles H. cum creta in 
properties. H. muriat'icum or muriat'icum du'lce or 
mi'te, hydrargyri chloridum mite. H. muriat'icum 
prsecipita'tum, hydrargyrum ammonia turn. H. mu- 
ria'tum, hydrargyri chloridum mite. H. muria'tum 
corrosi'vum, hydrargyri bichloridum. H. nitra'tum, 
hydrargyri nitras. H. nitra'tum ru'brum, hydrar- 
gyri oxidum rubrum. H. ni'tricum, hydrargyri ni- 
tras. H. ni'tricum oxydula'tum crystallisa'tum, 
hydrargyri nitras. H. ni'tricum oxydula'tum liq'- 
uidum, liquor hydrargyri nitratis. H. olein'icum or 
o'leo-stearin'icum, mercury oleate. H. oxyda'tum, 
hydrargyri oxidum rubrum. H. oxyda'tum flav'um, 
hydrargyri oxidum flavum. H. oxyda'tum praecipi- 
ta'tum, hydrargyri oxidum flavum. H. oxyda'tum 
ru'brum, hydrargyri oxidum rubrum. H. oxydula'- 
tum ni'tricum, hydrargyri nitras. H. oxydula'tum 
per se, jethiops per se. H. oxydula'tum pu'rum, hyd- 
rargyri oxidum nigrum. H. oxydula'tum sulphura'- 
tum ru'brum, hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. H. 
oxymuriat'icum mi'te, hydrargyri chloridum mite. 
H. perbroma'tum, hydrargyri bibromidum. H. per- 
chlora'tum or perchlo'ridum, hydrargyri bichlori- 
dum. H. perioda'tum, hydrargyri iodidum rubrum. 
H. persulphura'tum, hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
brum. H. phosphora'tum or phospho'reum, mer- 
cury phosphate. H. praecipita'tum or praecipita'- 
tum al'bum, H. ammoniatum (Ph. U. S.). H. praecipi- 
ta'tum per se, mercuric oxide; made by heating mer- 
cury to near boiling-point, until oxidized to red pow- 
der. H. sacchara'tum, mild mercurial formula in 
several European pharmacopoeias; formed by tritu- 
rating mercury with white sugar; used in worms 
and venereal affections of children. H. salicyl'icum, 
mercury salicylate. H. sal'itum, hydrargyri bichlo- 
ridum. H. sublima'tum, hydrargyri bichloridum. 
H. sulfura'tum ni'grum, aethiops mineral; hydrar- 
gyri sulphuretum nigrum. H. sulfura'tum stibia'- 
tum, aethiops antimonialis. H. sulphura'tum ru'- 
brum, hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. H. sulphu'- 
ricum, hydrargyri sulphas. H. sulphu'ricum fla'- 
vum, yellow sulphate of mercury; turpeth mineral. 
H. vitriola'tum, hydrargyri sulphas flava. H. zodt'- 
icum, hydrargyri cyanuretum. 
Hydrargyrus, hid-rar'jir-us. Hydrargyrum. H. 
aceta'tus, mercury acetate. H. biioda'tus, hydrar- 
gyri iodidum rubrum. H. calcina'tus, hydrargyri 
oxidum rubrum. H. chlora'tus mi'tls, hydrargyri 
chloridum mite. H. cum cre'ta, hydrargyrum cum 
cretin H. ioda'tus, hydrargyri iodidum. H. ioda'- 
tus fla'vus, hydrargyri iodidum. H. ioda'tus ru'ber, 
hydrargyri iodidum. H. muriat'icus mi'tls, hydrar- 
gyri chloridum mite. H. muria'tus, hydrargyri bi- 
chloridum. H. muria'tus mi'tis, hydrargyri chlori- 
dum mite; H. chloridum corrosivum. H. nitra'tus 
ru'ber, hydrargyri nitrico-oxidum. H. perioda'tus, 
hydrargyri iodidum rubrum. H. phosphora'tus, 
mercury phosphide; phosphuretted mercury; used in 
cases of inveterate venereal ulcers. H. sulphura'- 
542 
HYDRENCEPHALOCELE 
tus ru'ber, hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. H. cum 
sul'phure, hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum. H. 
vitriola'tus, hydrargyri sulphas flava. 
Hydrarthron (hid-rar'thron), Hydrarthros (hid- 
rar'thros), Hydrarthro'sis (hid-rar-thro'sis), or Hyd- 
rarthrus, hid-rar'thrus (hydro, arthron, joint). White 
swelling; dropsy of the articulations. White swell- 
ing is a formidable strumous disease; it may attack 
any joint, but is commonly met with in the knee, 
haunch, foot, and elbow; generally in scrofulous 
children. It consists, at times, in tumefaction and 
softening of soft parts and ligaments surrounding 
the joints; at others, in swelling and caries of the 
articular extremities of bones; or both states may ex- 
ist at the same time. Synovia. H. synovia'lis, 
hydrarthrus. 
Hy'dras. Hydrate. H. chloral'icus, chloral hy- 
drate. H. fer'ricus, ferric hydrate. H. kal'icus, 
potassa. H. magne'sicus, magnesium hydrate. H. 
na'tricus, soda. H. potas'sicus, potassa? H. so'di- 
cus, soda. 
Hydrastia (hid-ras'te-ah) or Hydras'tine. 
C22H23NO6. White prismatic alkaloid in Hydrastis 
Canadensis; causes constriction of vessels in small 
doses and increase of blood-pressure; in large doses, 
vaso-motor paralysis and diminution of blood-pres- 
sure. Given in chronic catarrhal affections of urin- 
ary organs in typhoid and other fevers, and as an in- 
jection in gonorrhoea. When hydrastine is oxidized 
with nitric acid a white crystalline alkaloid, hydras- 
tinine, is obtained, CnHiaNOs, used as substitute for 
ergot in metrorrhagia, congestive dysmenorrhcea, etc. 
See Hydrastis Canadensis and Doses (table). 
Hydras'tinine. See Hydrastine. 
Hydrastis, hid-ras'tis {hydro, drao, to be active). 
H. Canadensis. H. Canaden'sis, Canadian hydrastis, 
yellow root, orange root, yellow puccoou, ground 
raspberry, yellow paint, golden seal, Indian paint, 
eyebalm, nat. ord. Ranunculacese. The rhizome and 
rootlets, Hydrastis (Ph. U. S.), are used in infusion as a 
tonic and as a " mouth-water " and outward applica- 
tion in wounds and local inflammations. Its cha- 
racteristic alkaloid is hydrastia or hydrastine. 
Hy'drate. Compound of an element with water. 
Hydrated, hi'dra-ted. Containing water; forming 
hydrate. H. ox'ide of am'yl, amylic alcohol. H. 
ox'ide or peroxide or sesquiox'ide of i'ron, ferric 
hydrate. 
Hydration, hi-dra'shun (hudor, water). Impreg- 
nation or moistening with water. 
Hydra'tum. Hydrate. 
Hydrazine, hy-dra-zeen'. N2H1. Active poison, 
fatal to animals and vegetables, to bacteria, etc. 
Hydrec'tasis (hydro, ektasis, dilatation). Dilatation 
by water or serous fluid. 
Hydredema, hid-red-e'mah {hydro, oidema, swell- 
ing). (Edema. 
Hydrelseon, hid-rel-e'on (hydro, elaion, oil). Mix- 
ture of water and oil. 
Hydrelectricity, hi-drel-ek-tris'it-e. Galvanism. 
Hy dr elytron, hid-rel'it-ron (hydro, elutron, vagina). 
Watery collection in the vagina. See Hydrocele. 
Hydremesis, hid-rem'e-sis (hydro, emesis, vomiting). 
Vomiting of watery liquid. 
Hydrencephalic, hi-dren-sef-al'ik (hydro, enkeph- 
alos, encephalon). Hydrocephalic. 
Hydrencephalitis, hid-ren-sef-al-e'tis (hydro, en- 
cephalon). Hydrocephalus internus. 
Hydrencephalium (hid-ren-sef-al'e-um) or Hydro- 
cephalion, hid-ro-sef-al'e-on (hydro, encephalon). Hy- 
drocephalus internus. 
Hydrencephalocele (hid-ren-sef-al-o-se'le) (Eng. hi- 
dren-sef'al-o-seel) or Hydrocephalocele, hid-ro-sef-al- 
o-se'le (Eng. hi-dro-sef'al-o-seel) (hydro, encephalon, 
kele, rupture, protrusion). Monstrosity in which there 
is a fissure of the cranium, the integument of the 
head being present and forming a hernial sac in 
which the brain lies outside the skull, the sac con- 
taining a large quantity of serous fluid. See Meningo- 
cele, Encephalocele, Hernia cerebri, Hydrocephalus chroni- 
cus, H, ante'rius or fronta'lis, proencephalus. HYDRENCEPHALOID 
Hydrencephaloid (hid-ren-sef'al-oid) or Hydro- 
ceph'aloid (hydro, encephalon, eidos, resemblance). 
Resembling hydrencephalus. Disorders of the bowels 
and exhaustion in children are at times attended with 
hydrencephaloid symptoms. 
Hydrencephalon (hid-ren-sef'al-on) or Hydren- 
ceph'alus. Hydrocephalus chronicus. 
Hydrencephalus, hid-ren-sef'al-us (hydro, enkeph- 
alos, encephalon). Hydrocephalus internus. 
Hydrenterepiplocele,hid-ren-ter-ep-ip-lo-se'le (Eng. 
hid-ren-ter-ep-ip'lo-seel). Entero-epiplocele sac of 
which contains serous fluid. 
Hydrenterocele, hid-ren-ter-o-se'le (Eng. hid-ren'- 
ter-o-seel) (hydro, enteron, intestine, kele, tumor). In- 
testinal hernia the sac of which encloses fluid. 
Hydrenteromphalocele (hid-ren-ter-om-fal-o-se'le) 
(Eng. hid-ren-ter-om'fal-o-seel) or Hydrenterom'- 
phalus (hydro, enteron, intestine, omphalos, umbilicus, 
kele, rupture). Umbilical hernia with intestine and 
water in the sac. 
Hydrepigastrium, hid-rep-e-gas'tre-um. Accumu- 
lation of fluid in external or superficial ascites out- 
side the peritoneum. 
Hydrepiplocele, hid-rep-ip-lo-se'le (Eng. hid-rep- 
ip'lo-seel) (hydro, epiploon, omentum, kele, rupture). 
Omental hernia with water in the sac. 
Hydrepiplomphalus (hid-rep-ip-lom'fal-us) or Hyd- 
repiplomphalocele (hydro, epiploon, omentum, om- 
phalos, umbilicus). Umbilical hernia with omentum 
and water in the sac. 
Hydrepiploon, hid-rep-ip'lo-on. Dropsy of the 
omentum. 
Hydre'tron or Hydretrum, hid-ra'trum (hydro, etron, 
lower belly). Ascites. 
Hydriasis, hid-re'as-is (Awdor, water). Hydro- 
therapy. 
Hydriater, hid-re'at-ur (hydro, iatros, physician). 
Hydropathic physician. 
Hydriatria (hid-re-at-re'ah), Hydriatrica (hid-re- 
at're-ka) ars, or Hydriat'rics. Hydrotherapy. 
Hydriatricus (hid-re-at'rik-us) or Hydriatrus, hid- 
re-at'rus. See Hydropathic. 
Hydriatry, hid-re-at're. Hydrotherapy. 
Hydric, hi'drik. Containing water or combined 
with hydrogen. H. ether, ether. 
Hydriodas (hid-re'od-as) kal'icus. See Potassse 
hydriodas. 
Hydriodic (hid-re-od'ik) acid. See Acid, hydriodic. 
H. ether, aether hydriodicus ; ethyl iodide. 
Hydriosis, hid-re-o'sis. Hydrotherapy. 
Hydro, hid'ro. In composition, water. 
Hydroa, hid-ro'ah (hudor, water). Affection con- 
sisting in accumulation of water or serous fluid under 
the epidermis. Sudamina; pemphigus; herpes iris ; 
cysticercus; symptomatic form of miliary fever; 
hydatid. H. febri'lis, facial herpes. H. gestatio'nls, 
impetigo herpetiformis; pemphigus gravidarum. H. 
herpetifor'me, vesicles grouped as in herpes. H. 
pemphigoi'des, herpetiform dermatitis. H. pruri- 
gino'sum, form of h. attended with vesicles or bullae, 
which when they empty and dry leave red papules. 
H. vaccinifor'me, vesicular eruption which becomes 
umbilicated. H. vesiculo'sum, simple hydroa, often 
associated with erythema; herpes iris. 
Hydro-ahdo'men. Ascites. 
Hydroadenitis, hid-ro-ad-en-e'tis. Inflammatory 
state of the perspiratory follicles ending usually in 
suppuration. 
Hydrosemia, hid-ro-e'me-ah (hydro, haima, blood). 
State of the blood in which the watery constituents 
are in excess. 
Hydro-aerie, hid-ro-a'er-ik (hydro, aer, air). Epithet 
for the sound rendered on percussing or ausculting 
cavities containing water and air. 
Hydroarion, hid-ro-ar'e-on (hydro, oarion, ovarium). 
Dropsy or cystoma of the ovarium. 
Hydroata, hid-ro'at-ah. Sudamina. 
Hydrobiliru'bin. C31H40N4O7. Derivative of bili- 
rubin, coloring matter in faeces and urine. 
Hydroblepharismus (hid-ro-blef-ar-iz'mus), Hydro- 
bleph'aron, or Hydroblepharum, hid-ro-blef'ar-um 
543 
HYDROCELE 
(hydro, blepharon, eyelid). (Edema or watery swelling 
of the eyelids. Blepharcedema. H. ether, ethyl 
bromide. 
Hydrobromate, hi-dro-bro'mate. Salt of a base with 
hydrobromic acid. 
Hydrobromic (hi-dro-bro'mik) acid. HBr. Pungent 
gas formed by action of phosphorus upon bromine. 
Ten per cent, solution in water constitutes dilute hydro- 
bromic acid, acidum hydrobromicum dilutum (Ph. 
U. S.), which is given internally to produce the effect 
of the bromides in dose of one-half to two fluidrachms. 
Hydrocachexia, hid-ro-kak-eks'e-ah. Dropsical 
habit. 
Hydro camphoric acid, hid-ro-kam-for'ik as'id. 
CioHisOi. Acid formed by heating camphoric acid at 
160° with hydriodic acid. 
Hydrocarbons, hi-dro-kar'bons. Substances whose 
component parts are hydrogen and carbon, such as 
fats, essential oils, products of decomposition of or- 
ganic matter, etc. Several hundred are known; they 
are solids, liquids, or gases. 
Hydrocardia, hid-ro-kar'de-ah (hydro, Icardia, heart). 
Serous secretion of the pericardium; hydropericar- 
dium. 
Hydrocatarrhophesis (hid-ro-kat-ar-rof-a'sis) or 
Hydrocatarrhoph'ia (hydro, katarrhopheo, to sip up). 
Absorption of water from without. 
Hydrocele, hid-ro-se'le (Eng. hi'dro-seel) (hydro, 
kele, tumor). Collection of serous fluid in the areolar 
texture of the scrotum or in coverings either of the 
testicle or spermatic cord. To the first of these 
varieties the name external hydrocele has been 
given; to the second, internal hydrocele, H. tu- 
nic® vaginalis testis, hydrelytron. When the col- 
lection occurs in the envelope of the testicle, it 
is called hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis, and the 
epithet congenital is added, hydrocele congenita, 
when the interior of the membrane in which it is 
situate still communicates freely with the cavity 
of the abdomen. When it exists in the spermatic 
cord, it is called encysted or diffused hydrocele of the 
spermatic cord, hydrocele cystica, hydrocele funiculi 
seminalis or spermatic, as the case may be. The tumor 
of the distended scrotum is oblong, greater below 
than above, indolent, and semi-transparent. When 
inconveniently large the fluid may be evacuated by 
puncturing with a trocar, but, as it collects again, this 
is only palliative. Radical cure consists, usually, in 
injecting irritating liquid, as iodine, through the 
canula of the trocar, which has been left in after 
puncturing. This is kept in the tunica vaginalis a 
few minutes, and then withdrawn. The coat inflames, 
adhesion takes place, and the cavity is obliterated. 
H., acute, dropsical effusion during acute orchitis or 
as direct result of injury. H., anasar'cous, cedema 
of scrotum. H. of canai' of Nuck, hydrocele of the 
round ligament. H., chy'lous, chylocele. H. congen'- 
ita, see Hydrocele. H. cys'tica, see Hydrocele. H., 
Dupuytren's, H. with constriction separating it in 
two. H., encyst'ed, cyst of spermatic cord, epididy- 
mis, or testicle, or tunica vaginalis. H., endemic, of 
Mal'abar, elephantiasis Arabum. H., exter'nal, see 
Hydrocele. H. fcem'inse or foemine'a, H. of labium 
pudendi. H., funic'ular, orfunic'uli seminaTis, or f. 
spermatid, see Hydrocele. H., her'nial, accumula- 
tion of fluid in hernial sac; dropsical condition of 
the sac of an old scrotal hernia after obliteration of 
the neck; see Oscheohydrocele. H. ingenlta, H. con- 
genita. H., inter'nal, see Bydroceie. H. intra-abdom- 
ina'lis, II. of upper portion of inguinal canal. H. of 
Mal'abar, H., endemic. H., milk'y, chylocele. H. 
mulie'bris, H. foeminea. H. of the neck, a tumor filled 
with watery fluid, occupying some portion of the neck. 
H., cedem'atous, H., external; see Hydrocele. H. per- 
itonsel, ascites. H. of the round lig'ament, hydro- 
cele of the canal of Nuck; an uncommon affection, 
being a cystic growth of those parts. It may be treated 
by the seton or by the injection of iodine. H., sper- 
matic, see Hydrocele. H. splnaTis, hydrorachis. H. 
tes'tis, form of cystic tumor beneath the tunica albu- 
ginea, H.( vagi'nal, H, of the tunica vaginalis, HYDROCEL1C 
Hydrocelic, hi-dro-se'lik. Eclating or appertaining 
to hydrocele. 
Hydrocenosis, hid-ro-sen-o'sis {hydro, kenosis, evacu- 
ation). Evacuation of water morbidly accumulated 
in the body, by drugs or operation. 
Hydrocephalic, hi-dro-sef-al'ik. Relating to hydro- 
cephalus. H. cry, peculiar shriek of pain emitted at 
times by the hydrocephalic infant. 
Hydrocephalitis, hid-ro-sef-al-e'tis. Hydrenceph- 
alitis. Hydrocephalus internus. 
Hydrocephalium, hid-ro-sef-al'e-um. Hydrocepha- 
lus. 
Hydrocephalocele, hid-ro-sef-al-o-se'le (Eng. hid- 
ro-sef'al-o-seel) {hydrocephalus, kele, rupture or protru- 
sion). Hydrencephalocele. 
Hydrocephalocentesis, hid-ro-sef-al-o-sen-ta'sis 
(kentesis, act of puncturing). Puncturing the head in 
hydrocephalus. 
Hydrocephaloectasis, hid-ro-sef-al-o-ek'tas-is (hyd- 
rocephalus, ektasis, extension). Hydrocephalus chron- 
icus. 
Hydrocephaloid, hi-dro-sef'al-oid (hydrocephalus, 
eidos, resemblance). Resembling hydrocephalus, as 
in cerebral anaemia of young children. Hydrenceph- 
aloid. 
Hydrocephalon (hid-ro-sef'al-on) or Hydrocephal- 
um, hid-ro-sef'al-um. Hydrocephalus. 
Hydrocephalus, hi-dro-sef'al-us (hydro, kephale, 
head). Water of the head, dropsy of the head, dropsy 
of the brain. A collection of water within the head. 
It maybe internal or external. H. acu'tus, H.inter- 
nus, tubercular meningitis. H. acu'tus se'num, se- 
rous apoplexy. H. adnat'us, see H. chronicus. H., 
arach'noid, H. with effusion into arachnoid cavity. 
H. chron'icus may exist at birth; commonly com- 
mences at an early period of existence, the accumu- 
lation of fluid gradually producing distension of the 
brain and skull, with separation of the sutures; it 
commonly proves fatal before puberty. H. congen'- 
itus, see H. chronicus. H. exter'nus, infiltration into 
the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the cranium; see 
Hydrocephalus chronicus. H. inter'nus, Water brain 
fever, Whytt's disease; generally seated in the men- 
inges and surface of the encephalon; a tubercular 
meningitis, observed particularly in childhood; ex- 
tremely acute and often very rapid, sometimes de- 
stroying in two or three days, at others extending to 
two or three weeks. On dissection water is generally 
found in the ventricles or at the base of the brain, or 
there are evidences of previous vascular excitement, 
as effusions of coagulable lymph, etc. When effusion 
occurs suddenly, either primarily or secondarily in 
the course of some other disease, it has been termed 
water-stroke. H. longus, chronic hydrocephalus. 
H. meninge'us, H. internus. H., spu'rious, hydren- 
cephaloid (disease). H., tuber'culous, tubercular 
meningitis. H. ventricula'ris or ve'rus, H. internus. 
Hydrochamaimelum, hid-ro-kam-aim-e'lum (hydro, 
chamaimelon, chamomile). Infusion of chamomile. 
Hydrochezla, hid-ro-kez'e-ah (hydro, chezo, to go to 
stool). Serous or watery diarrhoea. 
Hydrochinidin, hid-ro-chin'id-in. Hydroquinidine. 
Hydrochinin, hid-ro-chin'in. Hydroquinine. 
Hydrochloras, hid-ro-klor'as. Hydrochlorate. H. 
ammo'niae, ammonium chloride. 
Hydrochlorate, hi-dro-klor'ate. Salt of hydrochlo- 
ric or muriatic acid with a base. 
Hydrochloric (hi-dro-klor'ik) acid. Acidum hydro- 
chloricum. H. e'ther, ethyl chloride. 
Hydrochlorinas (hid-ro-klor'e-nas) nat'ricus. So- 
dium chloride. 
Hydrocholecystis, hid-ro-kol-e-sis'tis (hydro, chole, 
bile, fcusfis, bladder). Distension of gall-bladder by 
bile or dropsical fluid. 
Hydrocholecystitis, hid-ro-kol-e-sis-te'tis. Dropsy 
of gall-bladder attended with inflammation. 
Hydrocinchonidine, hid-ro-sin-kon'id-een. C19H24- 
N2O. Alkaloid derived from cinchona. 
Hydrocinchonin, hid-ro-sin'ko-nin. C19H22N2O. 
Alkaloid made by action of potassium permanganate 
on cinchonine. 
544 
I HYDRODERMA 
Hydrocirsocele (hid-ro-sur-so-se'le) (Eng. hi-dro- 
sur'so-seel), Hygrocir'socele, or Hy'grocele (hydro, 
kirsos, varix, kele, tumor). Tumor formed by the 
varicose distension of the veins of the spermatic cord, 
and by the accumulation of serous fluid in the areolar 
texture of the scrotum. 
Hydrocoelia, hid-ro-se'le-ah (hydro, koilia, abdo- 
men). Ascites. 
Hydrocollidine, hid-ro-kol'lid-een. Oily liquid pto- 
maine obtained from putrefying mackerel and horse- 
flesh or ox-flesh, etc. Very poisonous, resembling 
strychnia in action. 
Hydrocolpocele, hid-ro-kol-po-se'le (Eng. hi-dro- 
kol'po-seel) (hydro,kolpos, vagina, kele, tumor). Watery 
or serous tumor of the vagina. 
Hydrocon'chinine. Hydroquinidine. 
Hydroconium, hid-ro-ko'ne-um (hydro, konios, 
dusty). Bath, shower; apparatus for throwing spray. 
Hydrocotarnia, hid-ro-ko-tar'ne-ah. Poisonous 
alkaloid obtained from mother-liquor of opium, after 
morphia and codeia have been separated. C12H15NO3. 
Hydrocotarnine, hid-ro-ko-tar'nin. Hydrocotarnia. 
Hydrocotoin, hid-ro-ko'to-in. C22H16O5. Crystal- 
lizable principle in coto bark; action is similar to 
that of cotoin. 
Hydrocotyle Asiatica, hid-ro-kot'il-e a-ze-at'ik-ah 
(hydro, kotule, cup, leaves being like cups). Asiatic 
or Midian pennywort, order Umbelliferse. Plant of 
India, Cape of Good Hope, and Jamaica, possessed 
of astringent, febrifuge, and diuretic properties. The 
leaves are applied to bruised parts to prevent inflam- 
mation. In India hydrocotyle has been used as a 
remedy for leprosy. H. Bonarien'sis, plant growing 
in Brazil, having diuretic properties. H. centel'la, 
S. African plant, the roots and stalks of which are 
astringent; used in diarrhoea and dysentery. H. 
umbella'tum, acaricoba. H. vulga'ris, marsh pen- 
nywort; aperient. 
Hydrocrania (hid-ro-kran'e-ah) or Hydrocranium, 
hid-ro-kran'e-um (hydro, kranion, skull). Hydro- 
cephalus. 
Hydrocrithe, hid-ro-krith'e (hydro, krithe, barley). 
Barley-water. 
Hydrocyanic (hi-dro-si-an'ik) acid {hydro, kuanos, 
blue). Prussic acid; cyanohydric or cyanhydric acid. 
This acid exists in a great variety of native combina- 
tions in the vegetable kingdom, and imparts to them 
certain properties long known and esteemed ; as in the 
bitter almond, cherry-laurel, leaves of the peach tree, 
kernels of fruit, pips of apples, etc. When concentrated 
it is liquid, colorless, of a strong smell and taste, at first 
cooling, afterward burning. Its s. g. as a liquid, at 18° 
Centigrade, is 0.6969. It is very volatile, speedily un- 
dergoes decomposition, and consists of a peculiar gas- 
eous and highly inflammable compound of carbon and 
nitrogen, cyanogen, and of hydrogen, which acts as 
the acidifying principle; hence its name, hydrocy- 
anic acid. Great caution is necessary in its use, on 
account of its extremely poisonous properties. It has 
been advised in laryngeal phthisis, pulmonary phthisis, 
pulmonary inflammation and irritation, dyspepsia, ute- 
rine affections, hectic cough, cancer, chronic rheuma- 
tism, and mania, and as a local remedy in impetiginous 
affections. It is so unmanageable, and the preparation 
so uncertain, that it is not much used. The dose of 
medicinal prussic acid, Acidum hydrocyanicum dilutum 
(Ph. U. S.), containing 2 per cent, of the acid, is 
from a quarter of a drop to two drops. H. e'ther 
(C2H5CN), ethyl cyanide, proprionitrite ; very poison- 
ous liquid, formed by action of ethyl iodide on potas- 
sium cyanide in closed- tubes at temperature of 180° 
C.; properties like those of hydrocyanic acid. 
Hydrocyanogen, hi-dro-si-an'o-jen. Hydrocyanic 
acid. 
Hy'drocyst or Hydrocystis, hid-ro-sis'tis (hydro, 
kustis, bladder). Cyst containing a watery or serous 
fluid ; hydatid ; saccated ascites. 
Hydrodeopyra, hid-ro-de-op'ir-ah (hydrodes, watery, 
pur, fever). Fever with watery discharges. 
Hydroderma, hid-ro-dur'mah {hydro, derma, skin). 
Anasarca, HYDRODES 
Hydrodes, hid-ro'dees. Aqueous. 
Hydrodiarrhoea, hi-dro-di-ar-rhe'ah. Serous diar- 
rhoea. 
Hydrodictiotomy, hi-dro-dik-te-ot'o-me (hydro, 
diktuon, retina, tome, incision). Operation hy incision 
for relief of oedema of the retina. 
Hydrodiuresis, hid-ro-de-u-re'sis (hydro, diuresis, 
passage of water). Passage of watery urine. 
Hydroedema, hid-red-e'mah. (Edema. 
Hydro-elat'erin. Amorphous substance derived 
from Momordica elaterium. 
Hydro-electrization, hi-dro-el-ek-tre-za'shun. Em- 
ployment of water as an electrode in electrization. 
Hydro-encephalocele, hid-ro-en-sef-al-o-se'le (Eng. 
hi-dro-en-sef'al-o-seel) (hydro, encephalon, kele, tumor). 
Hydro-encephalocele. 
Hydro-enceph'alon. Hydrocephalus. 
Hydro-encephalorrhoe'a (hydro, encephalon, rheo, 
to flow). Serous apoplexy. 
Hydro-encephalus, hid-ro-en-sef'al-us. Hydro- 
cephalus. 
Hydro-enterocele, hid-ro-en-ter-o-se'le (Eng. hi- 
dro-en'ter-o-seel) (hydro, enteron, intestine, kele, tumor). 
Hydrocele complicated with enterocele. 
Hydro-entero-epiplocele, hid-ro-en-ter-o-ep-ip- 
lo-se'le (Eng. hi-dro-en-ter-o-ep-ip'lo-seel) (hydro, enter- 
on, intestine, epiploon, omentum). Hydro-epiplo-en- 
terocele; entero-epiplocele the sac of which contains 
a serous fluid. 
Hydro-entero-epiplomphalum, hid-ro-en-ter-o-ep- 
ip-lom'fal-um (hydro, enteron, intestine, epiploon, om- 
phalos, navel). Umbilical hernia the sac of which 
contains intestine, epiploon, and serum. 
Hydro-enteromphalum (hid-ro-en-ter-om'fal-um) or 
Hydrenterom'phalum (hydro, enteron, intestine, om- 
phalos, umbilicus). Hernia umbilicalis the sac of 
which contains intestine and serum. 
Hydro-enterorrhoea, hid-ro-en-ter-or-rhe'ah. Wa- 
tery diarrhoea. 
Hydro-epigastrium, hid-ro-ep-e-gas'tre-um. Hy- 
drepigastrium. 
Hydro-epiplocele, hid-ro-ep-ip-lo-se'le (Eng. hi-dro- 
ep-ip'lo-seel) (hydro, epiploon, omentum, kele, tumor). 
Hernia formed by omentum the sac of which con- 
tains serum. 
Hydro-epiplo-enterocele, hid-ro-ep-ip-lo-en-ter-o- 
se'le (Eng. hi-dro-ep-ip-lo-en'ter-o-seel). Hydro-en- 
tero-epiplocele. 
Hydro-epiplomphalocele, hid-ro-ep-ip-lom-fal-o- 
se'le (Eng. hi-dro-ep-ip-lom'fal-o-seel). Hydrepiplom- 
phalocele. 
Hydro-epiplomphalum, hid-ro-ep-e-plomf 'al-um 
(hydro, epiploon, omentum, omphalos, umbilicus). Um- 
bilical hernia the sac of which contains intestine and 
serum. 
Hydro-epiploon, hid-ro-ep-ip'lo-on. Hydrepiploon. 
Hydro-et'ron. Ascites. 
Hydrofluoric (hi-dro-flu-or'ik) acid. Thin liquid, 
soluble in water, and used in such solution in goitre, 
and inhaled in phthisis and diphtheria. It is also 
antiseptic. 
Hydrogala, hid-rog'al-ah (hydro, gala, milk). Mix- 
ture of water and milk. 
Hydrogaster, hid-ro-gas'ter (hydro, gaster, belly). 
Ascites. 
Hydro-gastrorrhoea, hid-ro-gas-tror-rhe'ah (hydro, 
gaster, stomach, rheo, to flow). Watery effusion into 
the cavity of the stomach or abdomen. 
Hydrogen, hi'dro-jen (hydro, gennao, to produce). 
Inflammable air; sp. gr. .069 ; this gas when breathed 
proves fatal from containing no oxygen; when diluted 
with two-thirds of atmospheric air it occasions diminu- 
tion of muscular power and sensibility, and a reduction 
of the force of the circulation. It has been respired in 
catarrh, haemoptysis, and phthisis. Hydrogen has been 
used by injection per anum to diagnosticate a wound 
of the bowel, the gas escaping at the cut aperture. H., 
antimo/niated, gaseous substance prepared at the 
moment of administration, by adding muriatic acid 
to a mixture of antimony and zinc, with tartar emetic 
or chloride of antimony, and inhaled in cases of pneu- 
545 
> HYDROLATUM 
monia and capillary bronchitis. H. binoxide or per- 
oxide, oxygenated water; combination of water with 
a mixing weight of oxygen; prepared by acting on 
barium dioxide with dilute sulphuric acid. It is a color- 
less, transparent liquid, very prone to decomposition ; 
a powerful oxidizing agent, given as an excitant in as- 
phyxia, cholera, and narcotic poisoning; and in 
cachectic affections-cancer, diabetes, etc.; and ex- 
ternally antiseptic in ulcers, chancre, diphtheritic 
sores, etc., probably by its oxidizing powers. Solution 
of the peroxide in ether, called ozonic or ozonized 
ether, was employed by Dr. B. W. Richardson of 
London to oxidize the sugar in the circulation, and 
cause its elimination through the lungs. H. bro'- 
mide, hydrobromic acid. H. bu'tylate, butyl alco- 
hol. H., car'buretted, Methane, Methyl hydrate; in- 
flammable air, fire-damp, of miners, marsh gas; 
obtained by passing the vapor of water over char- 
coal, at the temperature of ignition, in an iron tube ; 
has been found possessed of properties like hydrogen, 
and been used, diluted, in like cases. After the ex- 
plosion of fire-damp in mines there remains the 
after-damp, choke-damp, or black-damp, consisting of 
carbonic acid and nitrogen, which occasions a greater 
loss of life, perhaps, than the explosion. H. chlo'- 
ride, hydrochloric acid. H. cy'anide, hydrocyanic 
acid. H. deutoxlde, H. binoxide. H. dioxide, H. 
binoxide. H. eth'ylate, ethyl alcohol. H. flu'oride, 
hydrofluoric acid. H. i'odide, hydriodic acid. H. 
meth'ylate, methylic alcohol. H. ni'trate, nitric 
acid. H. oxide, water. H. peroxide, H., binoxide 
of. H. persul'phide, H2S2, oily liquid, powerful anti- 
septic. H. protoxide, water. H. suboxide, water. 
H. sul'phate, H2SO4, absolute sulphuric acid. H. 
sul'phide, H., sulphuretted, H. persulphide. H., 
sulphuretted, hydrosulphuric, sulphydric, sulph- 
hydric, sulphohydric, or hydrothionic acid, may be 
disengaged from any of the sulphurets by the addi- 
tion of a strong acid. It is a violent poison, but has 
been used by injection per anum in phthisis, and 
as a means of determining the existence and 
location of wounds of the intestine; see Hydrosul- 
phuretted water. 
Hydrogenesis, hid-ro-jen'es-is. Formation or ac- 
cumulation of watery fluid. 
Hydrogenii peroxidum, hid-ro-jen'e-e per-ox'id-um. 
Hydrogen binoxide. 
Hydrogenium, hid-ro-jeu'e-um. Hydrogen. 
Hydrogenosulphuretum, hid-roj-en-o-sul-fu-re'tum. 
Hydrosulphide. H. ammoni'acae liq'uidum, am- 
monias sulphuretum. 
Hydroglossa, hid-ro-glos'sah (hydro, glossa, tongue). 
Ranula. 
Hydrography, hi-drog'ra-fe (hydro, grapho, to de- 
scribe). See Hydrology. 
Hydrohaematocele, hid-ro-he-mat-o-se'le (Eng. hi- 
dro-hem-at'o-seel). Hematocele complicated with 
hydrocele; hydraematocele. 
Hydrohaemia (hydro, haima, blood). Hydraemia, 
anaemia, hydroaemia. 
Hydrohaemothorax, hid-ro-he-mo-tho'raks. Pres- 
ence of serous fluid and blood in cavity of pleura; 
hydrothorax combined with haematothorax. 
Hydrohymenitis, hid-ro-he-men-e'tis ((hydro, humen, 
a membrane). Inflammation of a serous membrane. 
Hydrohystera, hid-ro-his'ter-ah (hydro, hustera, 
uterus). Hydrometra. 
Hydroid, hi'droid (hudor, water, eidos, resemblance). 
Resembling water. 
Hydrokeph'alus. Hydrocephalus. 
Hydrolactom'eter (hydro, lac, milk, metron, meas- 
ure). Instrument for determining the quantity of 
water in milk. 
Hydrolaeum, hid-ro-le'um. Hydrelaeon. 
Hydrolapathum, hid-ro-lap'ath-um (hydro, lapathon, 
the dock). Rumex hydrolapathum. 
Hydrolat (F.), he'dro-lah. See Hydrolica. 
Hydrolata, hid-rolat-ah. Distilled waters. See 
Hydrolica. 
Hydrolatum, hid-ro-lat'um. Medicated water. H. 
cinnamo'mi, cinnamon-water. H. flo'ris citli HYDROLE 
auran'tii, orange-flower water. H. lactu'cse, lettuce- 
water. H. ro'sse, rose-water. 
Hydrole (F.). See Hydrolica. 
Hydrolea (hid-ro'le-ah) Zeylan'ica. Plant of E. 
Indies, pulp of leaves being employed for ulcers. 
Hydrole'ros or Hydrole'rus {hydro, leros, chatter). 
Variety of mania with great restlessness. 
Hydrolica, hid-ro'le-kah. Watery solutions of the 
active principles of medicinal agents. Those pre- 
pared by solution or admixture are termed, by French 
pharmaciens, Hydroles; by distillation, Hydrolats. 
Hydrology, hi-drol'o-je {hydro, logos, a discourse). 
Treatise on water or water-supplies. Medical hydrol- 
ogy is that part of physics whose object is the study 
of water as it respects medicine; mineral waters, for 
example. Medical hydrography comprises the study 
of the influence exerted by the sea or by navigation 
on the health. 
Hydrolyte, hi'dro-lite {hydro, lutos, soluble). Aqueous 
solution without distillation ; liquor (Ph. U. S.). 
Hydrolytic, hi-dro-lit'ik {hydro, lusis, solution). Pro- 
ducing elimination of water; causing dissolution of 
liquids or organic ferments. 
Hydroma, hid-ro'mah {hydro, oma, tumor). (Edema; 
cyst or cystic tumor; abnormal growth consisting 
chiefly of water. 
Hydromania, hid-ro-man'e-ah {hydro, mania). Poly- 
dipsia, or excessive desire for drink ; diabetes insip- 
idus ; strong propensity to drown one's self. 
Hydromediastinum, hid-ro-med-e-as-te'num. Ef- 
fusion of serous fluid into the mediastinum. 
Hy'dromel {hydro, meli, honey). A liquid medicine 
prepared with honey and tepid water, demulcent and 
laxative, and known under the names simple or 
vinous hydromel. 
Hydromeningitis, hid-ro-men-in-je'tis. Meningitis 
with effusion; serous iritis; aquomembranitis; hydro- 
cephalus internus; serous iritis; dotted or punctate 
keratitis. 
Hydromeningocele, hid-ro-men-in-go-se'le (Eng. 
hi-dro-men-in'go-seel). Protrusion of membranes of 
brain containing fluid but no cerebral substance; 
encephalocele. Variety of spina bifida in which the 
spinal cord does not form part of the sac. 
Hydromeninx, hid-ro-men'inks {hydro, meninx, 
membrane). Dropsy of meninges or membranes of 
the brain. 
Hydromenorrhce'a. Sanguinolent serous discharge 
from the vagina sometimes observed in pregnant 
women. Discharge of a thin or watery menstrual 
fluid. 
Hydrometer, hi-drom'et-ur {hydro, metron, measure). 
Instrument for determining the density of liquids; 
areometer; acidometer. 
Hydrometra (hid-ro-me'trah) or Hydrome'tria {hyd- 
ro, metra, womb). Dropsy of the uterus; collection 
of the catarrhal secretions of the mucous membrane 
behind an abnormally contracted os uteri. 
Hydrometrectasia, hid-ro-met-rek-tah'se-ah {hydro, 
metra, uterus, ektasis, extension). Hydrometra, or dis- 
tension from it. 
Hydromicrencephaly, hid-ro-mik-ren-sef'al-e {hyd- 
ro, mikros, small, encephalon, brain). Atrophy of the 
brain in a microcephalic subject, with serous effusion 
into the cavities. 
Hydromicrocephalus, hid-ro-mik-ro-sef'al-us {hyd- 
ro, mikros, small, kephale, head). Hydrocephalus or 
serous effusion in a small or microcephalic brain. 
Hydromphalocele hid-rom-fal-o-se'le (Eng. hi- 
drom'fal-o-seel) {hydro, omphalos, navel, kde, hernia). 
Hydromphalocele; umbilical hernia sac of which 
contains fluid. 
Hydromphalon (hid-rom'fal-on), Hydromphalum 
(hid-rom'fal-um), or Hydromphalus, hid-rom'fal-us 
(hydro, omphalos, navel). A tumor formed by the ac- 
cumulation of serum in the sac of umbilical hernia 
or by distension of the navel in ascites. 
Hydromyelia, hid-ro-me-el'e-ah {hydro, muelos, mar- 
row). Collection of fluid in the spinal cord; hydror- 
rhachis. 
Hydromyelitis, hid-ro-me-el-e'tis. Hydrorrhachis. 
546 
HYDROPHENYL 
Hydromyelocele, hid-ro-me-el-o-se'le (Eng. hi-dro- 
me'el-o-seel) {hydro, muelos, marrow, kele, tumor). 
Collection of fluid in central canal of spinal cord; 
variety of spina bifida outer covering of which is 
made up of remains of spinal cord. 
Hydromyelus, hid-ro-me'el-us. Hydromelia; hy- 
drorrhachis. 
Hydromyringa (hid-ro-mir-in'gah) or Hydromy'- 
rinx (hydro, myrinx, membrana tympani). Dropsy of 
the drum of the ear or its membrane. 
Hydronaphthol, hi-dro-naf'thol. Derivative of 
beta-naphthol; antiseptic and disinfectant; employed 
in tinea tonsurans, diarrhoea, typhoid fever. It is 
also antiseptic when applied externally in solution, 
especially in alcohol and glycerin. 
Hydroncus, hid-ron'kus (hydro, onkos, tumor). 
Anasarca, oedema. 
Hydronephrectasla, hid-ro-nef-rek-taz'e-ah (hydro, 
nephros, kidney, ektasis, dilatation). Dropsical disten- 
sion of the kidney; hydronephrosis. 
Hydroneph'ros or Hydroneph'rus. Dropsy of the 
kidney. 
Hydronephrosis, hid-ro-nef-ro'sis (hydro, nephros, 
kidney). Hydrorenal distension; dropsy of the 
kidney. Accumulation of its secretion in the kidney, 
owing to the obstruction of the tubes of the papillee. 
Hydronosus (hid-ron'os-us) or Hydronusis, hid-ron- 
u'sus (hydro, nosos, disease). Dropsy; watery effusion. 
Hydro-oarion, hid-ro-o-ar'e-on. Ovarian dropsy. 
Hydro-oligocythaemia, hid-ro-ol-ig-o-sith-e'me-ah 
(hydro, oligos, few, haima, blood). Variety of anaemia 
characterized by increase in proportion of serum, as 
after lead-poisoning. 
Hydro-opho'ria or Hydro-ophoron, hid-ro-of'or-on 
(hydro, oophoros, egg-bearing). Ovarian dropsy. 
Hydro-ovarium, hid-ro-o-var'e-um. Ovarian dropsy. 
Hydroparotus, hid-ro-par-ot'us. CEdema or watery 
cyst of parotid gland. 
Hydropath, hi'dro-path. Hydropathist. 
Hydropathic, hi-dro-path'ik (hydro, pathos, affec- 
tion). Relating to hydropathy or the water-cure. 
Hydropathist, hi-drop'ath-ist. Hydropathic phy- 
sician ; a believer in hydropathy. 
Hydropathy, hi-drop'ath-e. Hydrotherapy, hydri- 
atrics. 
Hydropedesis, hid-ro-ped-a'sis (hydro, pedao, to 
spring out). Excessive sweating. 
Hydropege, hid-ro-pa'ge (hydro, pege, spring). 
Spring-water. 
Hydropeltis purpurea, hid-ro-pel'tis pur-pu're-ah 
(hydro, pelte, buckler; having leaves like a buckler). 
Brasenia hydropeltis. 
Hydropericardia, hid-ro-per-e-kar'de-ah. Hydro- 
pericardium. 
Hydropericarditis, hid-ro-per-e-kar-de'tis. Peri- 
carditis with dropsy. Hydropericardium. 
Hydropericardium (hid-ro-per-e-kar'de-um) or 
Hydropericar'dia. Dropsy of the pericardium; dis- 
ease attended with palpitations, irregular or inter- 
mitting pulse, excessive dyspnoea or orthopnoea, and 
dulness over a large space on percussion; all asso- 
ciated with collection of fluid in the pericardium, 
as from Bright's disease, splenic or cancerous ca- 
chexia, etc. 
Hydroperikardium, hid-ro-per-e-kar'de-um. Hydro- 
pericardium. 
Hydroperione, hid-ro-per'e-own {hydro, peri, around, 
oon, egg or ovum). Sero-albuminous substance 
secreted by the lining of the uterus prior to the ar- 
rival of the impregnated ovum in that cavity. 
Hydroperipneumonia, hid-ro-per-e-nu-mo'ne-ah 
(hydro, peri, around, pneumon, lung). Pneumonia 
complicated with effusion. 
Hydroperitoneum, hid-ro-per-e-to-ne'um. Collec- 
tion of serous fluid in cavity of peritoneum ; ascites 
or abdominal dropsy. 
Hydroperitonitis, hid-ro-per-e-ton-e'tis. Periton- 
itis with serous effusion. 
Hydrophallus, hid-ro-fal'lus (hydro, phallos, male 
organ). CEdema of the male organ. 
Hydrophenyl, hid-ro-fen'il. Benzole. HYDROPHLEGMASIA 
Hydrophlegmasia, hid-ro-fleg-maz'e-ah. , Acute 
inflammation with serous effusion into the cellular 
tissue. H. tex'tus cellula'ris, phlegmasia alba. 
Hydrophlogosis, hid-ro-flo-go'sis (hydro, phlogosis, 
inflammation). (Edematous inflammation. H. ven- 
triculo'rum cer'ebri, hydrocephalus internus. 
Hydrophobia, hi-dro-fo'be-ah (hydro, phobos, dread). 
Canine madness, water-fright; strictly, morbid dread 
of water or other drinks, a symptom occasionally met 
with in other nervous affections than the disease so 
named; then called hysterical, nervous, or spon- 
taneous hydrophobia. The term rabies is more ap- 
propriate for the aggregate of symptoms resulting 
from the bite of a rabid animal, as the dog-R. 
canina. Eabies is susceptible of spontaneous develop- 
ment in the dog, wolf, cat, and fox, which can thence 
transmit it to other quadrupeds or to man. The bit- 
ten part should always be excised, where practicable, 
and cauterized. H., hysterical or ner'vous, see 
Hydrophobia. 
Hydrophobine, hi-dro-fo'been. Virus of hydro- 
phobia or rabies. 
Hydrophobophobia, hid-ro-fo-bo-fo'be-ah. Dread 
of hydrophobia; phantom hydrophobia. 
Hydrophobes (hid-rof'ob-os) or Hydrophobus, hid- 
rof'ob-us. One bitten by a mad dog or affected with 
hydrophobia. 
Hydrophone, hi'dro-fone (hydro,phone, sound). In- 
strument used in auscultatory percussion, water being 
the medium for transmission of sound. 
Hydrophthalmia (hid-rof-thal'me-ah) or Hydroph- 
thal 'mus (hydro, ophthalmos, eye). Dropsy of the eye. 
Affection caused at times by an increase in the quan- 
tity of the aqueous or of the vitreous humor; in the 
former case the iris is concave anteriorly and pushed 
backward; in the latter, convex and pushed forward. 
Commonly it seems to depend on both humors at the 
same time. When all other remedies, as hydragogues, 
fomentations, bloodletting, blisters, etc., fail, the fluid 
may be evacuated by a puncture with a cataract nee- 
dle at the lower part of the transparent cornea. H., 
ante'rior, ceratoglobus. H., con'ical, staphyloma of 
the cornea; conical cornea. H. cruen'ta, hsemoph- 
thalmia. 
Hydrophthalmion (hid-rof-thal'me-on) or Hydroph- 
thal'mium. (Edematous swelling of the conjunctiva. 
Hydrophthal'mos or Hydrophthalmus, hid-rof- 
thal'mus. Hydrophthalmia. H. cruen'tus, internal 
haemophthalmia. 
Hydrophyllum (hid-ro-fil'ium) (hydro, phullon, a 
leaf) Canaden'se or ve'rum. Species of water-leaf 
or bur-flower, used in snake-bites or poisoning by 
Ehus toxicodendron; Hydrastis Canadensis. 
Hydrophymosis, hid-ro-fl-mo'sis. Phimosis with 
dropsical effusion of the prepuce. 
Hydrophysocele (hid-ro-fis-o-se'le) (Eng. hi-dro- 
fis'o-seel) (hydro, phusa, wind, kele, tumor). Hernia 
containing serous fluid and gas. 
Hydrophysometra, hid-ro-fis-o-ma'trah (hydro, phu- 
sao, to inflate, metra, womb). Morbid condition of the 
womb in which both fluid and air are contained in it. 
Hydropic, hi-drop'ik (hudrops, dropsy). Dropsical; 
one laboring under dropsy; dropsied; relating to 
dropsy; also diuretic or hydragogue; hence antihy- 
dropic. 
Hydropiper, hid-ro-pi'per (hydro, peperi, pepper). 
Polygonum hydropiper; Elatine hydropiper. 
Hydropisia, hid-ro-pisz'e-ah. Dropsy. H. articu- 
la'ris, hydrarthrus. H. ventricula'ris, hydrenceph- 
alus. 
Hydrop'isine. Form of albumin found in urine 
and ovarian cysts ; metalbumin. 
Hydropisis (hid-rop'is-is) or Hydropismus, hid-rop- 
iz'mus. Dropsy. 
Hydroplasm, hi'dro-plazm. A fluid constituent of 
protoplasm. 
Hydropleuria, hid-ro-plu're-ah. Hydrothorax; hy- 
dropleuritis. 
Hydropleuritis, hid-ro-plu-re'tis (hydro, pleura, the 
side). Pleurisy with effusion. 
Hydropneumatocele, hid-ro-nu-mat-o-se-le (Eng. hi- 
547 
HYDROPS 
dro-nu-mat' o-seel), {hydro, pneuma, air, Icele, rupture). 
Hydrophysocele. 
Hydropneumatomphalocele, hid-ro-nu-mat-om-fal- 
o-se'le (Eng. hi-dro-neu-mat'o-seel). Umbilical hernia 
containing serum and gas. 
Hydropneumatosis, hid-ro-nu-mat-o'sis {hydro, 
pneuma, air). Abnormal accumulation of fluid and 
air; oedema of the lungs. 
Hydropneumon (hid-ro-nu'mon) or Hydropneu- 
monia, hid-ro-nu-mo'ne-ah {hydro, pneumon, lung). 
Dropsical infiltration or oedema of the lungs. 
Hydropneumonypostasis, hid-ro-nu-mon-ip-os'tas- 
is (hydro, pneumon, lung, hypostasis, deposition or 
sediment). Hypostatic pneumonia with oedema. 
Hydropneumopericardia (hid-ro-nu-mo-per-e-kar'- 
de-ah) or Hydropneumopericardium, hid-ro-nu-mo- 
per-e-kard'e-um (hydro, pneuma, air, pericardium). 
Effusion of fluid-as of blood, pus, or fibrinous exuda- 
tion-and air in the cavity of the pericardium. 
Hydropneumorrhcea, hid-ro-nu-mor-rhe'ah (hy- 
dro, pneumon, lung,- rheo, to flow). Watery discharge 
from the lungs. 
Hydropneumosarca, hid-ro-nu-mo-sark'ah (hydro, 
pneuma, air, s«rx, flesh). An abscess containing water, 
air, and matters similar to flesh. 
Hydropneumothorax, hid-ro-nu-mo-tho'raks (hydro, 
pneumon, lung, thorax, chest). Pneumothorax with 
effusion of blood into the chest. See Pneumothorax. 
Hydropoid, hi'dro-poid (hydrops, eidos, likeness). 
Dropsical; resembling dropsy. 
Hydropoiesis, hid-ro-poi-a'sis (hydro,poieo, to make). 
Formation of serum or watery fluid. 
Hydropo'sia (hydro, posis, drinking). Water- 
drinking. 
Hydropota (hid-rop'o-tah) or Hydropotes, hid-rop'- 
o-tees ({hydro, potes, drinker). One who drinks only 
water or drinks it in an extraordinary quantity. 
Hydrops, hi'drops. Dropsy. Preternatural collec- 
tion of serous fluid in any cavity or in the areolar 
texture. When the areolar texture of the whole body 
is more or less filled with fluid, it is called anasarca 
or leucophlegmatia; when this variety is local or 
partial, it is called oedema. In encysted dropsy fluid 
is enclosed in a sac or cyst-dropsy of the ovarium is 
an instance. Dropsy may be active, consisting in an 
increased action of the exhalants, so that they pour 
out much more fluid than is absorbed; or passive, 
arising from atony of the absorbent vessels, allowing 
accumulation of fluid. It may be mechanical, or pro- 
duced by obstruction to the circulation, as in diseased 
liver. Treatment consists in using remedies which 
act on the various secretions, so that, the demand 
being increased, the supply will have to be increased 
accordingly; and in this manner the collected fluid 
may be taken up by the absorbents. Also watery 
discharge of any kind; diabetes; one affected with 
dropsy. 
Hy'drops abdominis, ascites. H. abdominis ae'- 
reus, tympanites. H. abdominis sacca'tus, see Ascites. 
H. adipo'sus, chylous or milky form of ascites; ascites 
fluid contents of which are broken-down cells which 
have undergone fatty degeneration. H. anasar'ca, 
anasarca. H. anasar'ca acu'tus, see Anasarca. H. 
an Tri, dropsy of antrum of Highmore; see Antrum. 
H. arachnoi'deae, hydrocephalus. H. artic'uli or 
articulo'rum, hydrarthrus; arthrcedema; effusion of 
serum in synovitis. H. asci'tes, ascites. H. asth- 
matlcus, beriberi. H. bronchialls, accumulation 
of water in the bronchial tubes, interfering with the 
breathing and inducing coldness of the surface of 
the body. H. bul'la, fever-blister. H. bur'sae mu- 
co'sse, synovial bursa. H. capitis, hydrocephalus; 
hydrocephalus chronicus. H. cardi'acus, cardiac 
dropsy; hydropericardium. H. cavita'tis colum'nae 
vertebra'lis, hydrorachis. H. cellula'ris, anasarca. 
H. cellula'ris art'uum, oedema. H. cellula'ris 
toti'us cor'poris, anasarca. H. cellulo'sus, ana- 
sarca. H. cer'ebri, hydrocephalus. H. chylo'sus, 
H. lacteus; H. adiposus. H. cuta'neus, anasarca. H. 
cys'ticus, encysted dropsy; see Ascites and Hydrops. 
H. cystldis fellese, dropsy of the gall-bladder. HYDROPSIA 
H. flbrino'sus, fibrinous dropsy; see Effusion of serum. 
H. flatulen'tus, tympanites. H. frig'idus, passive 
dropsy. H. glot'tidis, oedema of the glottis. H. 
hepat'icus, hepatic dropsy. H. hypodermat'icus, 
anasarca. H. hyster'icus, oedema from delay or sup- 
pression of menstrual discharge or of urinary secre- 
tion in hysterical cases. H. incarcera'tus, encysted 
dropsy; see Hydrops. H. inter'cus, anasarca. H. 
lac'teus, chylous or milky ascites. H. leucophlegma'- 
tia, leucophlegmatia. H. matel'lae, diabetes. H. ad 
mat'ulam, diabetes. H. mediasti'ni, hydromediasti- 
num. H. medul'lse spina'lis, hydrorachis. H. oc'uli, 
hydrophthalmia. H. ova'rii, hydroarion; dropsy or 
cystoma of ovary; see Hydrops. H. pal'pebraa, hy- 
droblepharon; blepharoedema. H. pec'toris, hydro- 
thorax. H. pericar'dii, hydropericardium. H. peri- 
tonae'i, ascites. H. pleu'rse, hydrothorax. H. pul- 
mo'nis or pulmo'num, hydrothorax; hydropneu- 
monia ; oedema of the lungs. H. pulmo'num cellu- 
lo'sus, pulmonary oedema; hydropneumonia. H. 
rena'lis or re'num, hydronephrosis; dropsy, renal. 
H. sacca'tus, encysted dropsy; see Hydrops. H. 
sac'ci lacryma'lis, fistula lacrymalis; dropsy of 
lacrymal sac. H. scro'ti, hydrocele. H. sic'cus, em- 
physema. H. sic'cus et flatulen'tus, tympanites. H. 
spi'nse or spi'nae vertebra'lis, hydrorachis. H. sub- 
cuta'neus, anasarca. H. te'lse cellulo'sse, anasarca. 
H. tes'ticuli or testiculo'rum, hydrocele. H. thora'- 
cis, hydrothorax. H. tu'bse, hydrosalpinx. H. tu- 
ba'rum, tuba'rum Fallo'pii.ortuba'lis,hydrosalpinx. 
H. tym'pani, dropsy of the tympanum. H. tympani'- 
tes, tympanites. H. umbilica'lis, hydromphalum. 
H. u'teri, hydrometra. H. u'teri vesicula'ris, vesic- 
ular mole. H. ventrlc'uli or ventriculo'rum cer'- 
ebri, hydrocephalus. H. ve'rus, anasarca. H. vesi'- 
cse fel'lese, distension of gall-bladder by bile; dropsy 
of gall-bladder. 
Hydropsia (hid-rop'se-ah) or Hydropsy, hi'drop-se. 
Dropsy. 
Hydropyopneumothorax, hid-ro-pe-o-nu-mo-tho'- 
raks (hydro, puon, pus, pneuma, air, thorax, chest). 
Inflammation of the pleura, followed by effusion of 
serum, pneumothorax, and pyothorax. 
Hydropyosalpinx, hid - ro - pe - o - sal' pinks (hydro, 
puon, pus, salpinx, tube). Purulent accumulation in 
the Fallopian tube. 
Hydropyret'ic. Feverish with sweating. Eelating 
to hydropyretos. 
Hydropyretos, hid-ro-pir'et-os (hydro, puretos, fe- 
ver). Fever with sweating-Hidropyretos would be 
more proper (hidros, sweat); see Sudor anglicus. 
Hydroquinidine, hi-dro-kwin'id-een. C20H26N2O2. 
Alkaloid derived from cinchona bark and cuprea 
bark. 
Hydroqui'nine. Isomeric with hydroquinidine, and 
derived from cinchona and cuprea barks; antipyretic. 
Hydroquinone, hi-dro-kwe'none. C684O2H2. Sub- 
stance isomeric with resorcin, variously obtained; 
antipyretic, antiseptic, and antizymotic in typhoid 
fever, erysipelas, etc. 
Hydrorachis (hid-ro-rak'is) orHydrorra'chis (hydro, 
rhachis, spine. Spinal dropsy; effusion of serum, of- 
ten owing to inflammation of the spinal membranes, 
forming a soft, frequently transparent tumor, con- 
stituted of the membranes of the spinal marrow, dis- 
tended and projecting backward from the vertebral 
canal, the posterior paries of which, when the affec- 
tion is congenital, is wanting to a certain extent; 
variously called spina bifida, atelorachidia, hydrora- 
chis dehiscens or congenita, schistorrhachis, spinola. 
Hydrorachitis, hid-ro-rak-e'tis. Hydrorachis; in- 
flammatory hydrorachis. 
Hydrorchis, hid-ror'kis (hydro, orchis, testicle). 
Hydrocele. 
Hydrorrhachia (hid-ror-rhak'e-ah) orHydrorrhach- 
is, hid-ror-rhak'is. Hydrorachis. H. congen'ita, see 
Hydrorachis. H. dehis'cens, see Hydrorachis. H. ex- 
ter'na, variety of hydrorrhachis in which serous 
effusion into the subarachnoid space occurs. H. inter'- 
na, dropsy of central cavity of spinal cord. 
Hydrorrachiocentesis, hid-ror-rak-e-o-sen-ta'sis 
548 
HYDROTHERMAL 
(hydrorrhaehis, kentesis, puncturation). Treatment of 
spina bifida or hydrorrhaehis by puncturation. 
Hydrorrhagia, hid-ror-rhaj'e-ah (hydro, rhegnumi, to 
break forth). Serous apoplexy. 
Hydrorrhoe, hid-ror'rho-e. Dropsy. 
Hydrorrhcea, hid-ror-rhe'ah (hydro, rheo, to flow). 
Hydrops; copious watery discharge, as from the 
vagina or uterus. H. gravida'rum, puerpera'rum, 
or u'teri grav'idi, discharge of water or serous fluid 
taking place at any time during pregnancy. It may 
be the liquor amnii, but is usually the result of rapid 
secretion from the uterine glands or from the cervical 
cavity. 
Hydrorthopncea, hid-ror-thop-ne'ah (hydro, orthop- 
noea, difficulty of breathing except in the erect post- 
ure). Orthopnoea owing to a collection of water in 
the chest. 
Hydrosaccharum, hid-ro-sak'ar-um. Sugared 
water. Simple syrup. 
Hydrosadenitis, hid-ros-ad-en-e'tis. Inflammation 
of the sudoriparous follicles. 
Hydrosalpinx, hid-ro-sal'pinks (hydro, salpinx, a 
tube). Dropsy of the Fallopian tube. 
Hydrosarca, hid-ro-sar'kah (hydro, sarx, flesh). 
Tumor containing a fluid, as well as portions of flesh. 
Anasarca. 
Hydrosarcocele, hid-ro-sar-ko-se'le (Eng. hi-dro- 
sark'o-seel) (hydro, sarx, flesh, kele, a tumor). Tumor 
formed by a sarcocele, complicated with dropsy of 
the tunica vaginalis or hydrocele. 
Hydroscheocele, hid-ros-ke-o-se'le (Eng. hi-dros'- 
ke-o-seel) (hydro, osche, the scrotum, kele, rupture). 
Collection of water in the scrotum. Hydrocele. 
Hydroscheon (hid-ros'ke-on) or Hydros'cheum. 
Hydrocele; hydroscheocele. 
Hydroschoncus, hid-ros-kon'kus (hydro, osche, scro- 
tum, onkos, tumor). Collection of water in the scrotum. 
Hydroscopy, hi-dros'ko-pe (hydro, skopeo, to see). 
Examination of water or watery fluids. Hydrom- 
etry. 
Hydroselinum, hid-ro-sel-e'num. Apium grave- 
olens. 
Hydrosis, hid-ro'sis. Hidrosis. 
Hydrospennatic, hi-dro-spur-mat'ik. Eelating to 
thin or watery semen. 
Hydrosphygmograph, hi-dro-sfig'mo-graf. Sphyg- 
mograph registering arterial variation when the limb 
is surrounded with water enclosed in a tube. 
Hydrospirometer, hi-dro-spi-rom'e-tur (hydro, spiro, 
to breathe, metron, measure). Form of spirometer 
based on the effect of the act of breathing on a column 
of water. 
Hydrostatic (hi-dro-stat'ik) bed. Water bed. H. 
test of infan'ticide, see Docimasia. 
Hydrostatics. Science investigating the properties 
of liquids in a condition of equilibrium. 
Hydrosteon (hid-ros'te-on) or Hydrosteum, hid- 
ros'te-um (hydro, osteon, bone). Accumulation of 
serum around ends of long bones in hydrarthrus or 
dropsy of joints. 
Hydrostomia, hid-ro-stom'e-ah (hydro, stoma, 
mouth). Increased secretions in interior of mouth. 
Hydrosudopathy, hi-dro-su-dop'ath-e (hydro, sudo, 
to sweat, pathos, affection). Hydrosudotherapeia. 
Hydrosudotherapeia, hid-ro-su-do-ther-a-pi'ah 
(hydro, sudo, to sweat, therapeuo, to cure). Hydrop- 
athy, Hydrosudopathy, Water-cure. Badly-compounded 
word to express the mode of treating systematically 
by water, sweating, etc. 
Hydrosulphuretum ammoniacale aquosum (hid- 
ro-sulf-u-re'tum am-mo-ne-ak-al'e ak-wo'sum) or 
ammoni'acum. Ammonii sulphuretum. 
Hydrosulphuric acid, hid-ro-sul-fu'rik as'id. Hy- 
drogen, sulphuretted. 
Hydrotherapeutics, hi-dro-ther-a-pu'tiks (hydro, 
therapeuo, to cure). Hydrotherapia. 
Hydrotherapi'a or Hydrother'apy (hydro, therapeuo, 
to cure). Mode of treating diseases systematical- 
ly by the internal or external use of cold or warm 
water. 
Hydrothermal, hi-dro-thur'mal (hydro, therme, HYDROTHION 
heat). Relating to warm water, as warm springs, 
hot springs, etc. 
Hydrothion, hid-ro-the'on {hydro, theion, sulphur). 
Hydrogen, sulphuretted. 
Hydrothionsemia, hid-ro-the-on-e'me-ah {hydro, 
theion, haima, blood). Presence of hydrogen sulphide 
in the blood, the symptoms being those of poisoning 
by that gas. 
Hydrothionammonsemia, hid-ro-the-on-am-mon-e'- 
me-ah {hydrothion, ammonia, haima, blood). A condition 
similar to that just mentioned (hydrothionaemia), hy- 
drosulphide of ammonium being the agent entering 
the blood, the symptoms being those of poisoning by 
that gas. 
Hydrothionic acid, hid-ro-the-on'ik. Hydrosul- 
phuric acid. 
Hydrothionuria, hid-ro-the-on-u're-ah {hydrothion, 
our on, urine). Presence of hydrogen sulphide in 
urine. 
Hydrothorax, hi-dro-tho'raks {hydro, thorax, the 
chest). Dropsy of the chest, idiopathic hydrothorax, 
dropsy of the pleurae. Generally exists only on one 
side, which, if the fluid effused be considerable, pro- 
jects more than the other. Dyspnoea and fluctuation 
perceptible to the ear are characteristic symptoms. 
When the chest is examined with the stethoscope, 
respiration is perceptible only at the root of the lung. 
Sound is also dull on percussion. Effusion into the 
chest as a result of inflammation of a thoracic viscus, 
symptomatic hydrothorax, is common, but is usu- 
ally fatal. Treatment for dropsies in general must 
be adopted ; diuretics are especially useful, probably 
on account of the great activity of pulmonary absorp- 
tion. Paracentesis is rarely serviceable. H. chylo'- 
sus, chylothorax. H. purulen'tus, empyema. 
Hydrotica, hid-rot'ik-ah. Hydragogues. 
Hydrotis, hid-ro'tis {hydro, ous, ear). Dropsy of the 
ear. Properly, accumulation of mucous or muco- 
purulent matter in the middle ear. 
Hydrot'omy {hydro, tome, incision). Dissection by 
forcible injection of water into the blood-vessels, thus 
causing separation of the tissues or structures. 
Hydrotropism, hid-rot'o-pizm {hydro, trepo, to turn). 
Effect of water in causing motion in particles of pro- 
toplasm in its immediate vicinity. 
Hydrotympanum, hid-ro-tim'pan-um. Dropsy or 
exudation of mucus into the tympanum. 
Hydrous, hi'drus. Watery. H. chlo'ral, chloral 
hydrate. 
Hydrovarium, hid-ro-var'e-um. Hydroarion. 
Hydroxyl, hi-droks'il. An univalent radical con- 
taining one atom of oxygen and one of hydrogen. 
Hydroxylamine, hid-roks-il'am-een. Ammonium in 
which an atom of hydrogen is substituted by a mole- 
cule of hydrogen; employed in solution in certain 
parasitic diseases of the skin. H. hydrochlo'ride, 
combination of hydroxylamine and chlorohydric acid; 
soluble, colorless crystals like ammonium chloride; 
used in lieu of chrysarobin, anthrarobin, and pyro- 
gallic acid in cutaneous affections, as lupus, psori- 
asis, mycosis, etc. Poisonous, and must be used cau- 
tiously. 
Hydruresis (hid-ru-ra'sis) or Hydruria, hid-ru're-ah 
{hydro, our on, urine). Increase in watery constituents 
of urine; diabetes. See Urine. 
Hydruret, hi'dru-ret. Compound of an element 
with hydrogen. 
Hydrymenitis, hid-rim-en-e'tis {hydro, humen, mem- 
brane). Inflammation of serous membrane. 
Hyepiglottic, hi-ep-e-glot'tik. Hyo-epiglottic. 
Hyetometer, hi-et-om'et-ur {huetos, rain, me.tron, 
measure). Instrument to ascertain the exact amount 
of rainfall occurring in a certain time. 
Hygea (hij-e'ah) or Hygeia, hij-e'ah. Health. 
Hygeist, hi-je'ist. Hygienist. 
Hygeology (hi-je-ol'o-je) or Hygiol'ogy {hugeia, 
health). Treatise on health or on hygiene. 
Hygiasma, hij-e-az'mah. Medicament; convales- 
cence. 
Hygiastics, hij-e-as'tiks. Hygiene. 
Hygiastlcus, hij-e -as'tik-us. Salutary; curative. 
549 
HYGROMA 
Hygiea (hij-e-e'ah) or Hygieia. Hygiene; health ; 
goddess of health; medicine. 
Hygieinus, hij-e-i'nus. Salutary. 
Hygieiocomium, hi-je-i-o-ko'me-um (hygeia, komeo, 
to care for). Sanitarium or sanatorium to aid resto- 
ration of the sick to health. 
Hygieiology, hi-je-i-ol'o-je. Hygeology. 
Hygiene, hy'jeen (hygeia, health). Hygienics. Part 
of medicine whose object is the preservation of health, 
embracing a knowledge of healthy man, socially and 
individually, as well as of all influences bearing on 
his constitution and organs. See Regimen. 
Hygienic, hi-je-en'ik. Relating to hygiene or health. 
Hygienics, hi-je-en'iks. Hygiene. 
Hygienist (hi-je'en-ist) or Hygeist, hy-je'ist. One 
who understands or follows the principles of hygiene. 
Hygiensis (hij-e-en'sis) or Hygiasis, hij-e'as-is. 
Health. 
Hygierus, hij-e-a'rus. Salutary. 
Hygiesis, hij-e-a'sis. Hygiene. 
Hygiesmus, hij-e-es'mus. Hygiene. 
Hygiocomium, hij-e-ok-o'me-um. Hygeiocomium. 
Hygiology, hi-je-ol'o-je. Hygeology. 
Hygiostatics, hi-je-o-stat'iks .(hygieia, histemi, to 
stand). Hygiene. 
Hygra, he'grah (hugros, moist). Soft or liquid 
plasters. 
Hygrasia, hig-raz'e-ah. Humor. 
Hygrechema, hig-rek-a'mah (hygro, echema, sound). 
Sound of fluid heard by auscultation or otherwise. 
Hygredon, hig-ra'don. Humor. 
Hygremplastra, hig-rem-plas'trah. Soft or liquid 
plasters. 
Hygrine, hig'reen. Volatile oily liquid alkaloid ex- 
isting in Erythroxylon coca. 
Hygro (hugros, humid). In composition, humid. 
Hygroblepharici, hig-ro-blef-ar'is-e (duc'tus) 
(hygro, blepharon, eyelid). Excretory ducts of the 
lacrymal gland. 
Hygroblepharismus, hig-ro-blef-dr-iz'mus (same 
etymon). Epiphora. 
Hygr ©blepharitis, hig-ro-blef-ar-e'tis. Inflamma- 
tion of eyelids with excessive flow of tears. 
Hygrobleph'aron or Hygroblepharum, hig-ro-blef'- 
ar-um. Watery eyelids; hydroblepharon. 
Hygrobronchiorrhonchus, hig-ro-bron-ke-or-rhon'- 
kus. Mucous rale. 
Hygrocataracta, hig-ro-kat-ar-ak'tah. Fluid cat- 
aract. 
Hygrocele, hig-ro-se'le (Eng. hi'gro-seel) (hygro, 
kele, tumor). Hydrocirsocele; hydrocele. 
Hygrocirsocele, hi-gro-sur-so-se'le (Eng. hi-gro-cir'- 
so-seel) (hygro, kirsos, varix, kele, tumor). Hydro- 
cirsocele. 
Hygrocollyria, hig-ro-kol-lir'e-ah. Liquid applica- 
tion to the eye. 
Hygrocystis, hig-ro-sis'tis (hygro, kustis, bladder). 
Hydrocyst; hydatid. 
Hygrocystorrhonchus, hig - to - sis - tor - rhon' kus 
(hygro, kustis, bladder, rhonchus). Moist vesicular 
rhonchus. 
Hygroderma, hig-ro-der'mah (hygro, derma, skir). 
Cutaneous moisture. 
Hygrograph, hi'gro-graf (hygro, grapho, to write). 
Automatic instrument for determining the amount 
of moisture in the air. 
Hygrohsematocele, hig-ro-he-mat-o-se'le (Eng. hig- 
ro-he-mat'o-seel) (hygro, haima, blood, kele, tumor) 
Hydrocele of tunica vaginalis complicated with 1ijl~ 
matocele. 
Hygrology, hi-grol'o-je (hygro, logos, discourse). 
Anatomy or description of the fluids of the body. 
Hygroma, hig-ro'mah (hugros, moist). Serous cyst; 
simple cyst containing fluid like that of serous mem- 
branes. Effusion of serum in a bursa mucosa. In- 
testinal worm, genus Bothriocephalidae. H., cys'tic, 
congenital cystic tumor containing serous fluid in a 
fibrous sac. H. du'rse ma'tris, meningocele. H. 
ganglio'des, serous cyst situate between external 
layers of sheaths of tendons. H. of the neck, con- 
genital hydrocele of neck. H. of the or'bit, dropsy HYGROMETER 
of bur see of tendons of several muscles of the eye. 
H. patel'lse or praepatella're, housemaid's knee; 
painful enlarged bursa in front of the patella. H., 
sac'ral, cystic tumor of sacrococcygeal bursa. 
Hygrometer, hi-grom'et-ur (hygro, metron, measure). 
Instrument for measuring the amount of moisture 
in the air. 
Hygrometric, hi-gro-met'rik. Eelating or apper- 
taining to hygrometry. H. property of organized 
tissue is that by which it gives off to the air and 
receives from it moisture under varying conditions 
of that medium. 
Hygrometricity, hi-gro-me-tris'it-e. Hygrometric 
property. 
Hygrometry, hi-grom'et-re (hygro, metron, measure). 
Part of physics concerning the measurement of the 
humidity of the atmosphere. Diseases are frequently 
caused by varying moisture of the atmosphere or by 
changes in its weight or temperature. 
Hygron, hig'ron (hugros, liquid). Liquor; moist- 
ure. 
Hygropaedophlysis, hig-ro-ped-of 'lis-is (hygro, pais, 
child, phlusis, eruption). Moist eczema of children. 
Hygrophlla spinosa, hig-rof'il-ah spin-o'sah. As- 
teracantha longifolia of E. Indies and Ceylon; seeds 
are diuretic; root and leaves tonic and diuretic. 
Hygrophobia, hig-ro-fo'be-ah (Jiygro, phobos, dread). 
Hydrophobia. 
Hygrophthalmia, hig-rof-thal'me-ah (Jiygro, oph- 
thalmia). Ophthalmia with excessive lacrymation. 
Hygrophthalmici, hig-rof-thal'mis-e. Hygrobleph- 
arici. 
Hygropissa (hig-ro-pis'sah) or Hygropis'son (Jiygro, 
pissos, pitch). Liquid pitch. See Pinus sylvestris. 
Hygrorrhonchus, hig-ror-rhon'kus. Moist rale. 
Hygros (moist). Liquid, as the alvine evacuations. 
Hygrosarca, hig-ro-sar'kah (Jiygro, sarx, flesh). 
(Edema. Flabbiness of muscles. 
Hygroscope, hi'gro-skope (Jiygro, skopeo, to see). 
Hygrometer. 
Hygroscopic, hi-gro-skop'ik. Having the property 
of absorbing moisture from the air. 
Hygroscopism (hi-gros'kop-izm) or Hygroscopicity, 
hi-gro-skop-is'it-e (hygro, skopeo, to see). Capacity 
for absorption of moisture. 
Hygroscopy, hi-gros'ko-pe (Jiygro, skopeo, to exam- 
ine). Hygrometry. 
Hygrotes (hig'ro-tees) or Hy'grum (hugros, liquid). 
Humor; liquor. 
Hyle, he'le (hule, matter). Materia medica. H. 
iat'rice, e-at'ris-e, materia medica. 
Hylisis (hil'is-is) or Hylismus, hil-iz'mus (hulizo, 
to strain). Filtration ; percolation. 
Hylisterion (hil-is-ter'e-on), Hylis'trion, or Hylis- 
trium, hil-is'tre-um. Filter ; strainer. 
Hylophagous, hi-lof'ag-us (hule, yvooH, phago, to eat). 
One that feeds upon young shoots of trees, roots, etc. 
Hylotrichi, hil-ot'rik-e (hule, wood, thrix, hair). 
Those who have woolly hair. 
Hylozoism, hi-lo-zo'izm (hyle, zoe, life). Material- 
ism; doctrine that life is the result of matter or 
organization. 
Hymen, hi'men (humen, marriage, membrane). Any 
membrane. Virginal membrane; semilunar, para- 
bolic, or circular fold of mucous membrane situate 
at the outer orifice of the vagina in virgins, espe- 
cially during youth and prior to menstruation. It 
is ordinarily ruptured by the first venereal act, 
and is effaced by accouchement, irregular flaps 
remaining, to which the name carunculae myrti- 
formes has been given from their resemblance to 
myrtle leaves. Circumstances of innocent charac- 
ter may occasion rupture or destruction of the hy- 
men, it being often, indeed, found absent in children 
soon after birth; while it may remain entire after 
copulation. Hence its presence does not absolutely 
prove virginity, nor its absence incontinence, al- 
though its presence would be jmmd facie evidence of 
continence. H. annula'ris, one having shape of a 
ring. H., bifen'estrate or biperfora'tus, hymen with 
two apertures. H., bri'dled, H. divided by muscular 
550 
HYODEPIGLOTTIC 
bridge in median line. H., cotumera'tus, H., bridled. 
H., crib'riform, H. perforated with numerous aper- 
tures. H. diaphrat'ton, mediastinum. H. fimbria'- 
tus, fringed hymen. H., horse'shoe, H. divided into 
parts resembling a horseshoe. H. imperfora'tus, im- 
perforate h.; atresia of hymen. H. semiluna'ris, 
hymen of semilunar shape. 
Hymen ae'a (after the god Hymen). See Copal. H. 
cour'baril, see Anime. 
Hyme'nal. Relating to the hymen. H. tu'bercles, 
carunculae myrtiformes. 
Hymen'ica amenorrhoe'a. Amenorrhcea occasioned 
by closure of the hymen. 
Hymen'icus. Relating to the hymen. Membran- 
ous. 
Hymeni'tis Inflammation of internal membrane; 
inflammation of the hymen. 
Hymen'ium (dim. of Hymen). Fine, delicate mem- 
brane. 
Hymenocallis, he-men-o-kal'lis. Several species, 
indigenous in W. Indies and Southern United States, 
are used medicinally: H. amae'na, H. Caribbse'a, H. 
ova'ta, and H. pa'tens, externally as emollients; H. 
Mexica'na and H. rota'ta, bulbs have an action sim- 
ilar to that of squills. 
Hymenochondroid, hi-men-o-kon'droid (hymen, 
chondr os, cartilage). Composed of cartilage and mem- 
brane. 
Hymeno'des. Membranous; resembling membrane. 
Hymenodic'tyon excel'sum (hymen, diktuon, net). 
Cinchona excelsa. 
Hymenodictyonine, hi-men-o-dik'te-on-een. C24H40- 
N3. Alkaloid from bark of Hymenodictyon excelsum 
or Cinchona excelsa; similar to quinoidine and ber- 
berine. 
Hymenoganglii'tis. Cholera. 
Hymenog'eny (hymen, gennao, to engender). Pro- 
duction of membranes by the effect of simple contact 
of two liquids, as albumen and fat, when the former 
gives a coating to the globules of the latter. See 
Haptogen. 
Hymenog'raphy (hymen, grapho, to describe). Treat- 
ise on, or description of, the membranes. 
Hymenol'ogy (hymen, logos, description). Treatise 
on, or description of, the membranes. 
Hymenomalacia, he-men-o-mal-ah'se-ah (hymen, 
membrane, malakia, softening). Softening of mem- 
branes. 
Hymenomycetes, he-men-o-mis-a'tes (hymen, ma- 
kes, fungus). Fungi having hymenium or umbrella, 
including all edible species and many poisonous fungi. 
Hymenophthal'mia. Ophthalmia membranarum. 
Hymenopterygium, he-men-o-ter-ij'e-um. Mem- 
branous pterygium. 
Hymenor'rhaphy (hymen, rhaphe, suture). Elytror- 
rhaphy performed in the natural situation of the 
hymen. 
Hymenotome, hi-men'o-tome (hymen, tome, incision). 
Instrument for excising membranes or the hymen. 
Hymenot'omy (hymen, tome, incision). Dissection 
of the membranes. Incision of the hymen for im- 
perforation of the vagina, to give exit to the blood 
retained in the uterine cavity. 
Hym'nion or Hym'nium. Amnion. 
Hy'o. In composition, hyoid bone. 
Hyo-angularis, he-o-an-gu-lar'is. Rare form of 
stylohyoid muscle arising from angle of the lower 
jaw. 
Hyobasioglos'sus. Basioglossus. 
Hyocaerulein, he-o-se-ru'le-in (hus, hog, cseruleus, 
blue). Blue pigment from biliary calculi of hog. 
Hyodeoglos'sus. Hyoglossus. 
Hyoceratopharyngeus, he-o-ser-at-o-far-in-je'us. 
Cerato-pharyngeus muscle. Hyopharyngeus. 
Hyocervica'lis. Muscle passing from hyoid bone 
to cervical fascia. Hyofascialis muscle. 
Hyocholic (hi-o-kol'ik) acid (hus, hog, chole, bile). 
Acid of bile of hog, C25H40O4. 
Hyochondroglos'sus. Hyoglossus. 
Hyodeothyreo'des. Thyreohyoideus. 
Hyodepiglottic, hy-od-ep-e-glot'tik. Hyo-epiglottic. HYODEPIGLOTTICUS 
Hyodepiglot'ticus. Hyo-epiglotticus. 
Hyo'des. Hyoid. 
Hyo-epiglot'tic. Belonging to the os hyoides and 
epiglottis. Hyo-epiglottic ligament is a bundle of 
condensed areolar tissue passing from the posterior 
part of the body of the hyoid bone to the base of the 
epiglottic fibro-cartilage. 
Hyo-epiglotticus (he-o-ep-e-glot'tik-us) muscle. A. 
muscle occasionally passing from the back part of the 
hyoid bone to the epiglottis. 
Hyofascialis, he-o-fas-se-al'is. Hyocervicalis. 
Hyoglossal, hi-o-glos'sal. Relating to hyoid bone 
and tongue. H. mem'brane, fibrous lamina connect- 
ing the under surface of the base of the tongue with 
the body of the hyoid bone. H. mus'cle, hyoglossus. 
Hyoglos'sian nerve. Hypoglossal nerve. 
Hyoglos'sus. Large, thin, quadrilateral muscle 
situate at the anterior and superior part of the neck ; 
formerly described as divided into three portions: 
Ceratoglossus, attached to the great cornu of the os 
hyoides; Basioglossus, arising from the superior part 
of the body of the same bone; Chondr oglossus, arising 
from the lesser cornu and the cartilage situate be- 
tween the body and the greater cornu. The fibres of 
these three bundles are inserted into the lateral and 
inferior parts of the tongue; this muscle depresses 
the base of the tongue or raises the os hyoides when 
the tongue is fixed. 
Hyoglycocholic (hi-o-glik-o-kol'ik) acid (hus, hog, 
glukus, sweet, chole, bile). Resinous acid (C27H43NO5) 
derived from bile of hog. 
Hyoid, hi'oid (Greek Y, eidos, shape). Shaped like 
Greek letter Y; relating to hyoid bone. H. arch, sec- 
ond branchial arch or column of tissue separating 
branchial clefts. H. ar'tery, branch also from supe- 
rior thyroid. H. bone, very movable osseous arch, of 
a parabolic shape, convex before, and suspended hori- 
zontally in the substance of the soft parts of the neck, 
between the base of the tongue and the larynx. Sepa- 
rated entirely from the rest of the skeleton, it is com- 
posed of five distinct portions, susceptible of motion 
on each other: the central portion or the body, afford- 
ing attachment to several muscles; two lateral 
branches or greater cornua; and two smaller, situate 
above the other, the lesser cornua or styloid cornua, 
corpora or corpuscula triticea. H. pri'mus, sterno- 
hyoideus. 
Hyoideal, hi-oid'e-al. Hyoid. 
Hyoidean, hi-oid'e-an. Hyoid. H. apparatus, col- 
lection of structures of foetal skeleton in third visce- 
ral arch. H. arch, hyoid arch. 
Hyoides, he-oid'ees. Hyoid. 
Hyoideus, he-o-e'de-us. Hyoid bone; muscle con- 
nected with that bone. 
Hyoidis quartus musculus, he-o-e'dis kwar'tus 
mus'ku-lus. Omohyoideus. 
Hyomandibular, hi-o-man-dib'u-lar. Relating to 
the hyoid bone and inferior maxilla. H. arch, hyoid 
arch. 
Hyomaxillary (hi-o-maks'il-la-re) mus'cle. Hyo- 
angularis. 
Hyomental, hi-o-men'tal. Relating to hyoid bone 
and chin. 
Hyopharyngeus, he-o-far-in-ja'us. Middle constric- 
tor muscle of pharynx or its first portion. 
Hyosci'amus. Hyoscyamus. 
Hyoscine, hi'os-een. Semisolid, poisonous alkaloid 
from Hyoscyamus niger; soporific, nervous sedative, 
and mydriatic; isomeric with hyoscyamine and atro- 
pine ; C17H23NO3. The dose of hydrobromate or hydro- 
bromide of hyoscine is gr. to The hydro- 
chloride of hyoscine is used with similar therapeutic 
effect. 
Hyoscinic (hi-os-sin'ik) ac'id. Product of decom- 
position of. hyoscyamine by caustic baryta. 
Hyoscipicrin, he-os-ip-ik'rin. Hyoscypicrin. 
Hyoscyamia (he-os-se-am'e-ah) or Hyoscy'amin. 
See Hyoscyamus. 
Hyoscyamine sulphate, hi-os-si'am-een sul'fate. 
Hyoscyaminae sulphas (Ph. U. S). (Ci7H2sNO3)2H2SO4. 
Yellowish powder, amorphous or crystalline; soluble 
L HYPALGESIA 
in water and alcohol; used by ophthalmologists as a 
mydriatic, and also employed as a soporific. 
Hyoscyamus, hi-os-si'am-us (hus, swine, kuamos, 
bean eaten by swine). Henbane, poison tobacco, 
stinking nightshade, ord. Solanaceae. Leaves, Hyos- 
cyamus (Ph. U. S.), and seed, Hyoscyami semen, are used 
in medicine; virtues are yielded to alcohol. Hyoscy- 
amus is narcotic, anodyne, hypnotic, antispasmodic, 
mydriatic, and slightly stimulant. It is an active 
narcotic poison; therapeutic action similar to bella- 
donna and stramonium; used as a substitute for opium 
where the latter disagrees; applied externally as a 
cataplasm in cancer and glandular swellings. Dose, 
gr. iij to x of the powder. Alkaloids have been ob- 
tained from it, Hyoscyamine or Hyoscyamia and Hyoscine 
(C17H23NO3). The former, in minute fractional doses, 
exercises a favorable action in the spasmodic and con- 
vulsive neuroses; resembles atropine in therapeutic 
action. See Hyoscine. H. agres'tis, hyoscyamus. H. 
al'bus, White henbane of Southern Europe, possesses 
similar virtues to H. niger; sometimes employed in- 
stead of H. niger. H. In'dicus, tobacco. H. leaves, see 
Hyoscyamus. H. lu'teus, Nicotiana rustica. H. ni'ger, 
hyoscyamus. H. Peruvia'nus, Nicotiana tabacum. 
H. physaloi'des, kite-flower, purple-flowered hen- 
bane of N. Asia ; narcotic ; used in syphilis, dysen- 
tery, etc. H. reticula'tus, Egyptian henbane of S. 
Europe; properties similar to those of H. niger. H. 
scopo'lia, herb and root of this plant, growing in 
Central Europe, are used in the same cases as bella- 
donna. 
Hyoscypicrin, he-os-e-pik'rin. C27H52O14. Bitter 
glucoside from seed of Hyoscyamus niger. 
Hyospondylotomy, hi-o-spon-dil-ot'o-me (hyo, spon- 
dulos, cervical vertebra, tome, incision). Incision or 
puncture of the laryngeal pouch (recess passing up- 
ward from the front part of the ventricle of the 
larynx) in the horse. 
Hyosternal, hi-o-stur'nal. Relating to the hyoid 
bone and sternum. 
Hyotaurocholic (hi-o-tau-ro-kol'ik) acid (hus, hog, 
tauros, bull, chole, bile). Acid found in moderate 
quantity in bile of pig, C27H45NSO6. 
Hyothy'reoid or Hyothyroid, hi-o-thi'roid. Thy- 
reohyoid. 
Hyothyreoideus, he-o-thir-e-o-e'de-us. Thyreohy- 
oideus. 
Hyotrachealis, he-o-trak-e-al'is. Part of thyro- 
hyoid muscle, occasionally passing from hyoid bone 
to trachea. 
Hyovertebrotomy, hi-o-vur-te-brot'o-me (hyo, ver- 
tebra, tome, incision). Hyospondylotomy. 
Hyp. (abbrev. of Hypochondriac). Hypochondriac; 
hence, vulgarly, to be hypped. 
Hypactic, hi-pak'tik (hypo, ago, to drive). Cathartic. 
Hypacusia (hip-a-ku'se-ah) or Hypacusis, hip-ak- 
u'sis) hypo, akousis, hearing). Defective hearing. 
Hypsemia, hip-e'me-ah (hypo, haima, blood). Defi- 
ciency of blood; extravasation of blood. H., in- 
tertrop'ical, aneurism due to presence of anchylos- 
tomum duodenale. H. oc'uli, hsemophthalmia. 
Hypsesthesia, hip-es-the'se-ah (hypo, aisthesis, sen- 
sation). Defective or diminished sensation; partial 
anaesthesia. 
Hypagoge, hip-ag-o'ge (hypo, ago, to drive). Dejec- 
tion ; purgation. 
Hypagogue, hip'a-gog. Laxative. 
Hypalbuminosis, hip-al-bu-min-o'sis (hypo, albumin). 
Deficiency in amount of albumin in the blood. 
Hypaleimma, hip-al-li'mah (hypo, aleipho, to anoint). 
Ointment or liniment. 
Hypaleipsis, hip-al-eip'sis (hypo, aleipho, to anoint). 
Inunction. 
Hypaleip'ton. Hypaleimma. 
Hypaleiptris (hip-al-eip'tris), Hypaleiptron (hip-al- 
eip'tron), or Hypaleip'trum. Spatula for spreading 
ointment. 
Hypaleiptum, hip-al-eip'tum. Hypaleimma. 
Hypalgesia, hip-al-ge'ze-ah (hypo, algos, pain). Dead- 
ened or diminished sensibility of a part; partial loss 
of sensibility to pain. 
551 HYPALGIA 
Hypalgia, hip-al'je-ah (hypo, algos, pain). Slight 
pain. 
Hypalimma, hip-al-im'mah. Hypaleimma. 
Hypaliptrum, hip-al-ip'trum. Hypaleiptron. 
Hypamaurosis, hip-am-aur-o'sis (hypo, amaurosis). 
Imperfect amaurosis. 
Hypamblyopia, hip-am-ble-o'pe-ah. Slight ambly- 
opia. 
Hypanco'nion or Hypanconium, hip-an-ko'ne-um 
(hypo, ankon, elbow). Pillow for supporting the elbow 
in surgical cases. 
Hypaphonia, hip-af-o'ne-ah (hypo, aphonia, loss of 
speech). Partial dumbness. 
Hypapophysis, hip-ap-of'is-is (hypo, apophysis, pro- 
cess of bone). Bony projection from inferior part of 
a vertebra in some animals. 
Hypapoplexia, hip-ap-o-pleks'e-ah. Incomplete 
attack of apoplexy. 
Hypasthenia, hip-as-then-e'ah (hypo, asthenia, weak- 
ness). Slight debility. 
Hypatmismus (hip-at-miz'mus) or Hypatmus, hyp- 
at'mus (hypo, atmos, vapor). Fumigation. 
Hypatonia, hip-a-ton'e-ah (hypo, a, tonus, tone). 
Slight want of tone. 
Hypauche'nion or Hypauchenium, hip-au-ken'e-um 
(hypo, auchen, neck). Pillow or cushion for the neck. 
Hypaxial, hip-aks'e-al. Beneath axis of the body 
or vertebrae. H. mus'cles, muscles below vertebral 
axis of early foetal life. 
Hypecacuan'ha. Ipecacuanha. 
Hypecchoresis, hip-ek-ko-ra'sis (Jiypo, ec, choreo, to 
make vacant). Moderate alvine dejections. 
Hypectasia (hip-ek-taz'e-ah) or Hypec'tasis. 
Slight dilatation or extension. 
Hypelatus, hip-el-at'us (Jiypo, elauno, to drive). Ca- 
thartic ; laxative. 
Hypemphraxis, hip-em-fraks'is (hypo, emphraxis, 
obstruction). Slight obstruction; constipation. 
Hypenantioma (hip-en-an-te-o'mah) or Hypenanti- 
osis, hip-en-an-ti-o'sis (hypo, enantios, opposite). Al- 
lopathy. 
Hypencephalis, hip-en-sef'al-is. Cerebellum. 
Hypene, hip-e'ne. Beard under the chin; upper 
lip. See Mystax. 
Hypenetes, hip-en-e'tees. Adolescens. 
Hyper (huper, above). In excess. 
Hyperacanthosis, hip-er-ak-an-tho'sis (hyper, acan- 
tha, thorn). Excessive development of inner or 
prickle-cell layer of epidermis, as in lichen planus. 
Hyperacoe, hip-er-ak'o-e. Hyperacusis. 
Hyperacusis, hip-er-ak-u'sis (hyper, akoe, audition). 
Excessive sensibility of the organ of hearing. 
Hyperadenoma, hip-er-ad-en-o'mah (hyper, 'aden, 
gland). Hypertrophy of a gland or glands. 
Hyperadenosis (hip-er-ad-en-o'sis) or Hyperadeno'- 
ma (hyper, aden, gland). Hypertrophy of a gland. 
Hyperaematosis, hip-er-e-mat-o'sis (hyper, haima, 
blood). Plethora. 
Hyperaemia, hi-per-e'me-ah (hyper, haima, blood). 
Preternatural accumulation of blood in the capillary 
vessels, more especially local plethora-plethora par- 
tialis ; congestion. Hyperaemia may be active or 
sthenic; asthenic or passive; cadaveric or that 
which forms immediately before or after death; 
hypostatic, occurring in depending parts; and me- 
chanical, produced by mechanical impediment. 
H. abdominis, cceliaemia. H. acti'va, inflammation. 
H., asthen'ic, see Hyperaemia. H. of the brain, ac- 
cumulation of blood in the vessels of the brain; con- 
gestion of the brain. H., cadav'eric, livid discolora- 
tion occurring in cadavers. H. capitis or cer'ebri, 
H. of the brain. H., collat'eral or compen'satory, 
H., either arterial or venous, in one part of the body, 
compensating for anaemia in another part. H., en- 
cephalic, H. of the brain. H. follicula'ris, H. of 
glands; congestion of follicles, as of the throat. H. 
hepatlca, sanguineous congestion of the liver. H., 
hypostatic, see Hyperaemia. H. of the lungs, con- 
gestion or accumulation of blood in the pulmonary 
vessels. H., mechanical, see Hyperaemia. H., neuro- 
paralytic, H. of paralysis, from paralysis or injury 
552 
HYPERBRONCHITIS 
of nerve. H. pec'toris, H. of the lungs. H. pulmo'- 
num, H. of the lungs. 
Hyperaemic (hi-per-e'mik) or Hyperae'mial. Con- 
gested ; bloodshot; affected with hyperaemia; having 
excess of blood. 
Hyperaemosis, hip-er-e-mo'sis. Hyperaemia; in- 
creased blood-pressure. 
Hyperaeria, hip-er-a-e're-ah (hyper, aer). Condi- 
tion of lung in which many of the pulmonary cells 
are torn across and large cavities formed in the paren- 
chyma, which are filled with air. See Emphysema. 
Hyperaesthe'ses. Diseases characterized by hyper- 
aesthesia. 
Hyperaesthesia (hi-per-ees-the'ze-ah) or Hyperaes- 
the'sis (hyper, aisthesis, feeling). Excessive sensibility 
or impressibility. H., acous'tlc or auditory, pain- 
ful or annoying sensation in the ear from the sounds 
heard. H. acus'tica, H., acoustic. H. of car'diac 
plex'us, angina pectoris. H., cuta'neous, H. of the 
skin. H., epilep'tic, epileptic aura, with excessive 
sensibility. H., gus'tatory, excessive acuteness of 
taste. H. lin'guae, hypergeustia. H., neur'al, neur- 
algia. H., olfac'tory, hyperosphresia, hyperosmia. 
H. plex'us cardi'aci, angina pectoris. H., psy'chical, 
hypochondriasis. 
Hyperaesthet'ic. Agent that augments general 
sensibility, as strychnia, brucia, etc. H. spots, cir- 
cumscribed patches of skin, intensely painful to the 
touch, with occasionally recurring attacks of burning 
pain. 
Hyperakanthosis, hip-er-ak-an-tho'sis. Hypera- 
canthosis. 
Hyperakusis, hip-er-a-ku'sis.' Hyperacusis. 
Hyperalbuminosis, hip-er-al-bu-min-o'sis. Increase 
or excess of amount of albumin. 
Hyperalgesia (hip-er-al-ge'se-ah) or Hyperalgia, 
hip-er-al'je-ah (hyper, algos, pain). Excessive pain; 
increased sensitiveness to pain. H., cuta'neous, ex- 
cessive sensibility of common sensations of the skin. 
Hyperanarrhophesis, hip-er-an-ar-ro-fa'sis (hyper, 
anarrhophesis, absorption). Excessive absorption. 
Hyperanarth'ric (hyper, an, priv., arthron, joint). 
Having limbs and joints excessively imperfect in 
development. 
Hyperanthera moringa, hip-er-an-the'rah mo-rin'- 
gah (hyper, in excess, anther a, anther). Guilandina 
moringa. 
Hyperanthraxis, hip-er-an-thraks'is (hyper, anthrax, 
coal). See Cholera. 
Hyperaphia, hip-er-af'e-ah (hyper, aphe, touch). 
Excessive acuteness of touch or of cutaneous sensi- 
bility. 
Hyperaphrodisia, hip-er-af-ro-diz'e-ah (Aphrodite, 
Venus). Excessive venereal desire. 
Hyperarthric, hip-er-arth'rik (hyper, arthron, joint). 
Having supernumerary joints or limbs. 
Hyperarthritis, hip-er-ar-thre'tis. Intense ar- 
thritis. 
Hyperarthrosis, hip-er-ar-thro'sis. Condition in 
which superfluous joints exist. 
Hyperasthenia, hip-er-as-then-e'ah (hyper, astheneia, 
weakness). Excessive debility. 
Hyperauxesis, hip-er-auks-a'sis (hyper, auxesis, aug- 
mentation). Excessive increase or enlargement of a 
part, as of the iris, H. iridis. 
Hyperbolic, hi-per-bol'ik (hyper, hallo, to throw). 
Excessive or exaggerated, as H. attitudes, term by 
which Galen designated certain extraordinary atti- 
tudes in which the limbs and vertebral column are 
in a state of complete extension or flexion. H. lens, 
glass having shape of hyperbola for treatment of 
conical cornea. 
Hyperborean, hi-per-bo're-an (hyper, boreas, north 
wind). Eace of men at the extreme north of the 
two continents, in the vicinity of the polar circle. 
Hyperbrachycephalic, hi-per-brak-e-sef-al'ik (hy- 
per, brachus, short, kephale, head). Having an exces- 
sively short head, or having a cephalic index (relation 
of length to breadth of skull) of from 85° to 89°. 
Hyp er bronchitis, hip-er-bron-ke'tis. Suffocative 
catarrh. HYPERBULIA 
Hyperbulia, hip-er-bu'le-ah (hyper, boule, will). Un- 
governable will or volition. 
Hypercardia, hip-er-kar'de-ah (hyper, kardia, heart). 
Hypertrophy of the heart. 
Hypercardise'mia (hyper, kardia, heart, haima, 
blood). Cardiac plethora. 
Hypercardiodynamia, hip-er-kar-de-o-din-am'e-ah 
(hyper, kardia, heart, dunamis, power). Increased force 
of contractions of the heart. 
Hypercardiohse'mia. Cardiac plethora. 
Hypercardiotrophy, hip-er-kar-de-ot'ro-fe (hyper, 
kardia, heart, trophe, nourishment). Hypertrophy of 
the heart. 
Hypercarposis, hip-er-kar-po'sis (hyper, karposis, 
profit). Increase in number of blood-corpuscles, the 
fibrin being decreased. 
Hypercatapino'sis (hyper, katapino, to sip up). Ex- 
cessive activity of absorption or of deglutition. 
Hypercatharsia (hip-er-kath-ar'se-ah) or Hyper- 
catharsis, hip-er-kath-ar'sis (hyper, katharsis, purga- 
tion). Superpurgation; menorrhagia. 
Hypercathartic, hi-per-kath-art'ik. Excessively 
purgative. 
Hypercedemonia, hip-er-se-de-mon'e-ah (hyper, ke- 
demonia, anxiety). Excessive care; intense anxiety. 
Hypercenosis, hip-er-sen-o'sis (hyper, kenosis, evac- 
uation). Excessive evacuation, as of blood, bile, 
etc. 
Hypercerasis (hip-er-ser'as-is ) or Hyperceratosis, 
hip-er-ser-at-o'sis (hyper, keras, cornea). Staphyloma 
of the cornea; thickening of the cornea. 
Hypercholia, hip-er-kol'e-ah (hyper, chole, bile). 
Excessive secretion of bile. 
Hyperchondroma, hip-er-kon-dro'mah (hyper, chon- 
dr os, cartilage). Hypertrophic development of carti- 
lage ; cartilaginous tumor. 
Hyper chondrosis, hip-er-kon-dro'sis. Development 
of hyperchondroma. 
Hyperchroma, hip-er-kro'mah (hyper, chroma, color). 
Excessive secretion of cutaneous pigment; red fleshy 
excrescence at the inner angle of the eye, near the 
caruncula lacrymalis. 
Hyperchromatopsy, hi-per-kro'mat-op-se (hyper, 
chroma, color, opsis, vision). Defect of vision, owing 
to which ideas of color are attached to objects which 
convey no such colored impressions to a healthy eye; 
antithesis to Achromatopsy. 
Hyperchromatosis (hip-er-kro-mat-o'sis) or Hyper- 
chromia (hyper, chroma, color). Increased pigmentary 
formation in the skin. Diseases of the skin so charac- 
terized are called Hyperchromatoses. 
Hypercinesia (hip-er-sin-a'ze-ah) or Hypercine'- 
sis (hyper, kinesis, motion). Excessive motion; spasm; 
morbid mobility; spasmodic neurosis, as hysteria and 
hypochondria. H. cor'dis, palpitation of the heart. 
H. of fa'cial nerve, local and habitual convulsive 
motion of certain muscles, especially of some of 
those of the face; convulsive tic. H. gas'trica, 
hypochondriasis. H. hyster'ica, hysterical convul- 
sions. H. nervo'sa, see Irritable. H. uteri'na, hys- 
teria. 
Hypercoryphosis, hip-er-kor-e-fo'sis (hyper, tcoru- 
phe, the vertex, the extreme point of anything). 
Protuberance. Prominent point of the lobes of the 
liver or lung. 
Hypercousia, hip-er-ku'ze-ah. Excessive sensibil- 
ity of the organ of hearing. 
Hypercrinia, hip-er-krin'e-ah (hyper, krino, to sepa- 
rate). Morbid increase in the quantity of the secre- 
tions. 
Hypercrisis, hip-er'kris-is. Excessive crisis or 
evacuation ; flux; violent critical efibrt or too copious 
critical evacuations. 
Hypercusia, hip-er-ku'ze-ah. Excessive sensibility 
of the organ of hearing. 
Hypercyema, hip-er-se-a'mah (hyper, kuo, to con- 
ceive). Superfoetation. 
Hypercyesis, hip-er-se-a'sis. Bapidly successive 
conceptions. 
Hypercyrto'sis (hyper, kurtosis, curvature) Exces- 
sive curvature. 
553 
HYPERFI BRINATION 
Hyperdacryosis, hip-er-dak-re-o'sis (hyper, dakruon, 
tear). Excessive secretion of tears. 
Hyperdactylia, hip-er-dak-til'e-ah (hyper, daktulos, 
finger). Excessive development of fingers or toes, as 
supernumerary digits. 
Hyperdermatoma, hip-er-dur-mat-o'mah (hyper, 
derma, skin). Morbid growth, formed of hypertro- 
phied skin. 
Hyperdermatosis, hip-er-dur-mat-o'sis (hyper, der- 
ma, skin). Hypertrophy of the skin. 
Hyperdermoma, hip-er-dur-mo'mah. Hyperderma- 
toma. 
Hyperdesmosis, hip-er-des-mo'sis (hyper, desmos, 
bond). Excessive development or formation of con- 
nective tissue, as of the skin. 
Hyperdiacrisis, hip-er-de-ak'ris-is (hyper, diakrisis, 
separation). Excessive crisis. 
Hyperdicrotic (hi-per-dik-rot'ik) or Hyperdicro- 
tus, hip-er-dik'ro-tus (hyper, di, double, kroteo, to 
strike). See Hypodicrotous. 
Hyperdicrotism, hip-er-dik'rot-izm. Condition at- 
tendant upon or associated with a hyperdicrotous 
pulse. 
Hyperdiuresis, hip-er-de-u-ra'sis. Diabetes polyu- 
ria. 
Hyperdynamia, hip-er-din-am'e-ah (hyper, dunamis, 
strength). Hypersthenia; excessive muscular power. 
H. u'teri, excessive uterine exertion or pain in labor. 
Hyperdynamic, hi-per-di-nam'ik. Appertaining to 
or having the characters of hyperdynamia. 
Hypereccrisis, hip-er-ek'kris-is (hyper, ekkrisis, se- 
cretion). Excessive secretion. 
Hyperechema (hip-er-ek-a'mah) or Hypereche'sis 
(hyper, echo, to sound). Epithet for intensified sounds 
heard on auscultation and percussion. 
Hyperechetic, hip-er-e-ket'ik. Producing or caus- 
ing loud sound. 
Hyperemesis (hip-er-em'es-is) or Hyperemes'ia 
(hyper, emeo, to vomit). Excessive vomiting. 
Hypere'mia. Hyperaemia. 
Hyperencephalia, hip-er-en-sef-al'e-ah. Enceph- 
alocele or development of such a condition; hyper- 
trophy of the brain. 
Hyperencephalus, hip-er-en-sef'al-us. Monster 
whose excessive brain is situated in the skull, or 
whose brain is chiefly outside the skull, the roof of 
which is deficient, possibly with hydrocephalus. 
Hyperenergia, hip-er-en-er-je'ah (hyper, energia, ac- 
tivity). Excessive activity, as of the nervous system. 
Hyperenteri'tis, (hyper, enteron, intestine). Acute 
inflammation of the bowel. 
Hyperenteroma, hip-er-en-ter-o'mah (same ety- 
mon). Tumor or abnormal growth of the intestines. 
Hyperenterosis, hip-er-en-ter-o'sis (same etymon). 
Development of abnormal growth of the intestines; 
hypertrophy of the intestines. 
Hyperephidrosis, hip-er-ef-id-ro'sis (hyper, hidros, 
sweat). Excessive sweating. 
Hyperepidosis, hip-er-ep-id'o-sis (hyper, epidosis, in- 
crease). Excessive increase or enlargement of a part. 
Hyperepithymia, hip-er-ep-e-thim'e-ah (hyper, epi- 
thumia, desire). Excessive or abnormal desire. 
Hypererethisia (hip-er-er-e-thiz'e-ah) or Hyperer- 
ethismus, hip-er-er-e-thiz'mus (hyper, erethizo, to ex- 
cite). Excessive irritability. 
Hypererythraemosis, hip-er-er-ith-re-mo'sis (hyper, 
eruthros, red, haima, blood). Excessive quantity of 
red or arterial blood. 
Hyperesophoria, hip-er-e-so-fo're-ah (Jiyper, eso, in- 
ward, phoros, bearing). Direction of visual line in- 
ward and upward. 
Hyperexophoria, hip-er-eks-o-fo're-ah (hyper, exo, 
outward, phoros, bearing). Direction of visual line 
outward and upward. 
Hyperfecundation, hi-per-fek-un-da'shun (hyper, fe- 
cundus, fertile). Excessive procreative ability. Super- 
fecundation. 
Hyperfecundity, hi-per-fe-kund'it-e. Giving birth 
to children at frequent intervals. 
Hyperfibrination, hi-per-fib-rin-a'shun. See Hiperi- 
nosis. HYPERFLEXION 
Hyperflexion, hi-per-flek'shun. Excessive flexion. 
Hypergastritis, hip-er-gas-tre'tis. Intensely acute 
or active gastritis. 
Hypergastropathia, hip-er-gas-tro-path-e'ah (hyper, 
gaster, stomach,pathos, disease). Intense disease of the 
stomach. 
Hypergenesis, hip-er-jen'es-is (hyper, genesis, gen- 
eration). Excess of formative power, which may 
give occasion to monstrosities by excess of parts. 
Excessive production or development. See Monster. 
Hypergeustia (hip-er-goos'te-ah), Hypergeus'ia, or 
Hypergeus'is (hyper, geusis, taste). Excessive sensi- 
bility or delicacy of the organ of taste. 
Hyperglobulia, hip-er-glob-u'le-ah (hyper, globulus, 
globule). Plethoric condition with excess of red 
blood-corpuscles. 
Hyperglottis, hip-er-glot'tis. Superior entrance to 
the larynx; the larynx itself. 
Hyperhsemato'sia or Hyperhaemato'sis. Inflam- 
mation ; plethora. 
Hyperhaa'mia, Hypersemia. 
Hyperhidrosis, hip-er-hid-ro'sis (hyper, hidrosis, 
sweating). Excessive sweating. 
Hyperhora, hip-er-ho'rah (hyper, hora, manhood). 
Premature development of the body or of some part. 
Hyperhydrsemia, hip-er-hid-re'me-ah. Excess of 
serum in the blood; hydrsemia. 
Hyperhypnosis, hip-er-hip-no'sis (hyper, hupnos, 
sleep). Excessive sleep, as to duration. 
Hypericum (hip-er'ik-um) anagalloi'des. Species 
of H. of California, used as a medicine. H. androsse'- 
mum, androssemum. H. as'cyron, St. Peter's wort, 
seeds of which are cathartic. H. baccif'erum, ord. 
Hypericaceae; Brazilian tree whose bark, like that 
of H. Guianense, emits a juice, when wounded, re- 
sembling gamboge. H. Canaden'se, species of H. 
growing in Western United States; expectorant, 
styptic, etc.; used in croup, mania, bowel affections, 
etc. H. conna'tum, leaves of this Brazilian plant are 
astringent, and usefl in decoction as a gargle in in- 
flammation of the throat. H. corymbo'sum, spotted 
St. John's wort, fluxseed; grows in Indian Territory; 
used in dysentery and diarrhoea. H. cris'pum, species 
of S. Europe, used in dysmenorrhoea, leucorrhcea, etc. 
H. Delphinen'se, St. Peter's wort; imperforate St. 
John's wort; used in hydrophobia in Eastern Europe; 
diuretic, astringent, vermifuge. H. Guianen'se, see 
H. bacciferum. H. hirci'num, goat-scented St. John's 
wort of Europe; used in dysuria and dysmenorrhoea. 
H. laxius'cnlum, Allerim brabo, has been long used in 
Brazil against the bites of serpents. H. ma'jus, 
Arnica montana. H. offlcina'le or officina'rum, H. 
perforatum. H. perfora'tum, perforated or common 
St. John's wort, growing in America, Europe, and 
Africa; aromatic and astringent; enters into a num- 
ber of aromatic preparations, and was at one time 
much used in dysentery, hemorrhages, etc., and as a 
diuretic. Oil of St. John's wort, red oil, linimentum 
or oleum hyperici, balsamum hyperici simplex, is 
made by infusing the flowers in olive oil; it is ap- 
plied to recent bruises. H. saro'thra, orange-grass, 
bastard gentian, pineweed; indigenous; applied in 
domestic practice, boiled, to contusions and sprains. 
H. Virgin'icum, growing in United States and Canada, 
is expectorant and stomachic, the flowers being treated 
with alcohol. H. vulga're, H. perforatum. 
Hyperidrosis, hip-er-id-ro'sis. Excessive sweating, 
ot disease of skin so characterized. H. oleo'sa capz- 
itis, seborrhoea oleosa. 
Hyperinesis (hip-er-in-a'sis) or Hyper'inos (hyper, 
ineo, to purge). Excessive purgation. 
Hyperinosaemia, hip-er-in-os-e'me-ah. Excessive 
amount of fibrin in the blood. 
Hyperinosis, hip-er-in-o'sis (hyper, is, fibre). Con- 
dition of the blood in which it contains increase in 
the proportion of fibrin (hyperfibrination, super- 
fibrination), a decrease of the ratio of red corpuscles, 
with excess of fibrin and increase of the fat, as in 
inflammation. Morbidly increased muscular activity. 
Hyperinotic, hi-per-in-ot'ik. Relating to hyper- 
inosis. 
554 
HYPERNCEA 
Hyperinvolution., hi-per-in-vo-lu'shun. Unnatu- 
rally early involution of the uterus after parturition ; 
incorrectly used for atrophy of the uterus after labor. 
Hyperkeratosis, hip-er-ker-at-o'sis (hyper, keras, 
horn). Anomalous horny development of the epider- 
mis or its appendages. Hypertrophy of the cornea; 
conical cornea. 
Hyperkine'sia or Hyperkine'sis. Hypercinesia. 
H., spi'nal, exaggeration of spinal or automatic ac- 
tion, as in hysteria. 
Hyperkinetic, hi-per-kin-et'ik. Relating to hyper- 
kinesia. 
Hyperlactation, hi-per-lak-ta'shun. Excessive se- 
cretion of milk; excessive suckling of a child; super- 
lactation. 
Hyperlogia, hip-er-lo'je-ah {hyper, logos, discourse). 
Excessive talkativeness. 
Hyperlymphia, hip-er-limf'e-ah. Excessive forma- 
tion or accumulation of lymph. 
Hypermastia, hip-er-mas'te-ah (hyper, mastos, 
breast). Excessively enlarged or developed breasts. 
Hypermegalia, hip-er-me-gal'e-ah. Hypermegaly. 
Hypermegaly, hi-per-meg'al-e {hyper, megalos, 
great). Exaggerated development, as of the heart 
from fatty or amyloid degeneration of its structure. 
Hypermegasthenic, hi-per-meg-as-then'ik (hyper, 
megas, great, sthenos, strength). Having remarkable 
muscular power. 
Hypermesoticephalic, hip-er-mes-o-te-sef-al'ik (hyp- 
er, mesotes, middle or mean, kephale, head). Having a 
mean cephalic index of 78° or 79°. 
Hypermetrohemia, hip-er-met-ro-he'me-ah. Hyper- 
semia of the uterus. 
Hypermetropathy, hi-per-met-rop'ath-e (hyper, 
metra, womb, pathos, disease). Excessively acute 
uterine disease. 
Hypermetropia, hi-per-met-ro'pe-ah (hyper, metron, 
measure, opsis, vision). Abnormal refraction; op- 
posite condition of vision to myopia, the principal focus 
falling behind the retina, while in myopia it falls in 
front of it. H., ax'ial, H. caused by shortening of 
antero-posterior axis of the eye. H. curv'ature, H. 
caused by flattening of the cornea or crystalline. H., 
fac'ultative, H. having near-point for both eyes at a 
fixed distance. H., la'tent, difference between man- 
ifest and total hypermetropia or far-point of distinct 
vision. H., man'ifest, hypermetropia that can be 
overcome by attempt at accommodation or with an ac- 
commodating convex glass. H., to'tal, whole amount 
exhibited after accommodation has been paralyzed. 
Hypermetropic, hi-pcr-met-rop'ik. Relating to 
hypermetropia; one affected with this condition of 
vision. 
Hypermetrotrophy, hi-per-met-rot'ro-fe (hyper, 
metra, uterus, trophe, nourishment). Hypertrophy of 
the uterus. 
Hypermnesia, hip-er-na'ze-ah (hyper, mnaomai, to 
recollect). Excessively acute memory. 
Hypermyelohaemia, hip-er-me-el-o-he'me-ah (hyper, 
muelos, marrow, haima, blood). Hypersemia of the 
spinal marrow. 
Hypermyopia, hip-er-me-o'pe-ah. Excessive my- 
opia. 
Hypermyotrophia, hip-er-me-ot-rof 'e-ah (hyper, 
mus, muscle, trophe, nourishment). Hypertrophy of 
muscular tissues. 
Hypernephrotrophy, hi-per-nef-rot'ro-fe (hyper, 
nephros, kidney, trophe, nourishment). Hypertrophy 
of the kidney. 
Hypernerv'ia or Hyperneuria, hip-er-nu're-ah 
(hyper, neuron, nerve). Excessive nervous activity. 
Hyperneuroma, hip-er-nu-ro'mah. Morbid devel- 
opment of the neurine or nervous masses. Fungous 
growth of nervous tissue. 
Hyperneurosis, hip-er-nu-ro'sis (same etymon). 
Hypertrophy of nervous tissue. 
Hypernidation, hi-per-nid-a'shun (hyper, nidus, 
nest). Excessive formation of menstrual deciduous 
membrane, sometimes producing dysmenorrhoea. 
Hypernce'a or Hypernoi'a (hyper, nous, mind). Ex- 
cessive exercise of the mental powers. HYPEROA 
Hyperoa, hip-er-o'ah {hyper, oon, high place). Pal- 
atine arch; base of cranium; hard, palate; velum 
palati. 
Hyperodontogeny, hi-per-o-don-toj'en-e {hyper, 
odous, tooth, gennao, to produce). Excessive growth of 
teeth. 
Hyperoitis, hip-er-o-e'tis {hyperoa, velum palati). 
Inflammation of the velum palati. 
Hyperoncosis, hip-er-on-ko'sis {hyper, onkos, swell- 
ing). Excessive tumefaction. H. i'ridis, iridoncosis. 
Hyperonych'ia or Hyperonychosis, hip-er-on-ik- 
o'sis {hyper, onux, nail). Excessive growth of the 
nails. 
Hyperodchasma (hip-er-o-o-kaz'mah {hyperoa, chas- 
ma, opening). Fissure of the palate. 
Hyperopharyngeus, hip-er-o-far-in-ja'us. Palato- 
pharyngeus. 
Hyperopia, hip-er-o'pe-ah {hyper, ops, eye). Hyper- 
metropia. See Presbyopia. Excessive acuteness of 
vision. 
Hyperopsia, hip-er-ops'e-ah {hyper, opsis, vision). 
Great acuteness of vision ; exposure to intense light. 
Hyperorexic, hip-er-o-reks'ik {hyper, orexis, appe- 
tite). Having excessive appetite. 
Hyperorexis, hip-er-o-reks'is (same etymon). Ex- 
cessive appetite. 
Hyperorgosis, hip-er-or-go'sis {hyper, orgao, to de- 
sire ardently). Excessive erotic orgasm; satyriasis. 
Hyperorthognathus, hy-per-or-thog-nath'us {hyper, 
orthos, right, gnathos, jaw). Having profile line in- 
clined to auriculo-infraorbital plane 91° or over. 
Hyperorthosis, hip-er-or-tho'sis {hyper, orthos, 
straight). Excessive erection ; priapism; tetanus. 
Hyperos, hip-a'ros. Pestle ; lever for traction in dis- 
location. 
Hyperosmia (hip-er-oz'me-ah) {hyper, osme, smell) 
or Hyperosphresia, hip-er-os-fra'se-ah {hyper, os- 
phresis, smell). Excessive acuteness of smell. 
Hyperosmic (hi-per-os'mik) ac'id. Osmiun tetrox- 
ide or osmic acid. 
Hyperosteogeny, hi-per-os-te-oj'en-e {hyper, osteon, 
bone, gennao, to produce). Excessive growth of bone; 
formation of exostoses. 
Hyperostosis, hip-er-os-to'sis {hyper, osteon, bone, 
osis). Exostosis; hypertrophy of bone. 
Hyperpathia, hip-er-path-e'ah {hyper, pathos, affec- 
tion). Excessive sensibility in disease; severe ill- 
ness. 
Hyperphasia, hip-er-faz'e-ah {hyper, phasis, talk- 
ing). Excessive loquacity. 
Hyperphleboectasy, hi-per-fleb-o-ek'tas-e {hyper, 
phleps, vein, ektasis, swelling). Excessive venous 
dilatation. 
Hyperphlebosis, hip-er-fleb-o'sis {hyper, phleps, vein, 
osis). Too great development of the venous system; 
predominant venosity. 
Hyperphlegma, hip-er-fleg'mah {hyper, phlegma, 
phlegm). Excessive secretion of phlegm. 
Hyperphlegmasia, hip-er-fleg-mah'ze-ah. Hyper- 
phlogosis. 
Hyperphlogosis, hip-er-flog-o'sis {hyper,phlogosis, in- 
flammation). A high degree of inflammatory action. 
Hyperphoria, hip-er-for'e-ah {hyper, phoreo,to carry). 
Inclination of visual axis of one eye to a point above 
that of the other eye. 
Hyperphrasia, hip-er-frah'ze-ah {hyper, phrasis, 
speech). Excessive talkativeness; exaggerated style 
of speech. 
Hyperphren'ia {hyper, phren, mind). Great mental 
excitement; mania. 
Hyperpigmentation, hi-per-pig-men-ta'shun. Ex- 
cessive amount of pigment. 
Hyperpimele, hip-er-pim'el-e {hyper, pimele, fat). 
Hyperpimely. Excessive development of fat; excess 
of fat; obesity. 
Hyperplasia, hip-er-plah'ze-ah {hyper, plasso, to 
form). Excess of formative action. This relates to 
the formation of new elements, hypertrophy being 
an increase in bulk of pre-existing normal elements. 
Hyperplasma, hip-er-plaz'mah {hyper, plasso, to 
form). Hyper inosis. 
555 
HYPERTONIA 
Hyperplastic, hi-per-plas'tik (same etymon). Hav- 
ing a tendency to excess of formative action. 
Hyperplasty, hi'per-plas-te. Hyperplasia; hyper- 
genesis. 
Hyperplatyrrhine, hi-per-plat'ir-rheen {hyper, 
plains, broad, rhis, nose). Having nasal index over 58°. 
Hyperplerosis, hip-er-pler-o'sis {hyper, plerosis, fill- 
ing up). Extreme fulness or repletion. 
Hyperplexia, hip-er-pleks'e-ah {hyper, plesso, to 
strike). Trance; luxation. 
Hyperpneumop'athy {hyper, pneumon, lung, pathos, 
disease). Very severe disease of the lung. 
Hyperpneu'sia, Hyperpneu'sis, or Hyperpneustia, 
hip-er-noos'te-ah {hyper, pneo, to blow). Excessive 
flatulence. 
Hyperpncea, hip-er-ne'ah {hyper, pnoe, breathing). 
Abnormally rapid breathing due to deficiency of 
oxygen in the blood. 
Hyperporosis, hip-er-po-ro'sis {hyper, porosis, forma- 
tion of callus). Excessive formation of callus. 
Hyperpraxia, hip-er-praks'e-ah {hyper, praxis, ac- 
tion). Over-action, leading to listlessness or inaction; 
excessive movement of the limbs, as sometimes noticed 
in the insane. 
Hyperpresbyopia, hip-er-pres-be-o'pe-ah. Exces- 
sive presbyopia ; hypermetopia. 
Hyperpresby'tia. Presbytia; hyperpresbyopia. 
Hyperpyretic, hi-per-pir-et'ik {hyper, pur, fever). 
Excessively feverish; having an abnormally high 
temperature of body. 
Hyperpyrexia, hip-er-pir-eks'e-ah {hyper, purexis, 
fever). Excessive temperature of body; high fever. 
Hyperrhinencepha'lia {hyper, rhis, nose, kephale, 
head). Enlargement of the olfactory nerves with 
deformative prominence of frontal bone. 
Hypersarcia, hip-er-sar'ke-ah {hyper, sarx, flesh). 
Obesity. 
Hypersarcoma, hip-er-sar-ko mah. Soft fungous 
excrescence, as on ulcerated parts; fungosity. 
Hypersarcosis, hip-er-sar-ko'sis (same etymon). 
Obesity. Excessive development of granulations. 
Hypertrophy of muscular tissue. H. cor'dis, heart, 
hypertrophy of. H. testic'uli, sarcocele. 
Hypersarxis, hip-er-sarks'is {hyper, sarx, flesh). 
Hypersarcoma. 
Hypersecretion, hi'per-se-kre'shun. Excessive se- 
cretion. 
Hyperselaphesia, hip-er-sel-af-a'ze-ah {hyper, psela- 
phesis, act of feeling). Excessively acute sense of 
touch. 
Hypersomnia, hip-er-som-ne'ah {hyper, somnus, 
sleep). Hybrid word denoting excessive somnolence. 
Hyperspadiseus (hip-er spad-e-e'us) or Hyperspad- 
ias, hip-er-spad'e-as {hyper, spao, to draw). Epi- 
spadias. 
Hyperspasmia, hip-er-spaz'me-ah (Ayper, spasmos, 
spasm). Convulsion. 
Hypersplenotrophy, hi-per-splen-ot'ro-fe {hyper, 
splen, spleen, trophe, nourishment). Tumefaction or 
hypertrophy of the spleen. 
Hyperspongia, hip-er-spon'je-ah {hyper, spongos, 
fungus). Spina ventosa; fungosity. 
Hypersteatosis, hip-er-ste-at-o'sis {hyper, stear, fat). 
Excessive secretion of fat or of sebaceous matter, as 
in seborrhoea. 
Hypersthenia, hip-er-sthen-e'ah {hyper, sthenos, 
strength). Excessive strength ; superexcitement. 
Hypersthenic, hi-per-sthen'ik. Stimulant, active, 
violent. 
Hypertension, hi-per-ten'shun. Excessive tension. 
Hyperthelic, hi-per-the'lik {hyper, thele, nipple). 
Above the nipple; on mucous membrane. 
Hyperthermia, hip-er-thur'me-ah {hyper, therme, 
heat). Excessive heat; great increase in tempera- 
ture. 
Hyperthermic, hi-per-thur'mik. Eelating to high 
temperature. 
Hyperthymia, hip-er-thim-e'ah {hyper, thumos, 
vehemence). Mental disease characterized by cruel- 
ty or excessive passion or acts of folly. 
Hypertonia, hip-er-ton'e-ah {hyper, tonos, tone). HYPERTONIC 
Hypertonicity. Excess of tone in parts; excessive 
irritability. Opposed to atony. 
Hypertonic, hi-per-ton'ik. Relating to, or disposed 
to, excessive tonicity or irritability. 
Hyper'tonus. Increase of tension, as within the 
eye. 
Hypertrichosis (hip-er-trik-o'sis) or Hypertrichi'- 
asis (hyper, fhrix, hair). Excessive production of 
hair. 
Hypertromos, hip-er'tro-mos (hyper, tromos, trem- 
bling). Excessive tremor. 
Hypertrophaemia, hip-er-trof-e'me-ah (hyper, trophe, 
nourishment, haima, blood). State in which the plas- 
tic powers of the blood are increased. 
Hypertrophia, hip-er-trof'e-ah (hyper, trophe, nour- 
ishment). Hypertrophy. H. cer'ebri, hypertrophy 
of the brain. H. cor'dis, heart, hypertrophy of. H. 
glandula'rum, hypertrophy of glands. H. hep'atis, 
hypertrophy of the liver. H. intestino'rum, hyper- 
trophy of the intestines. H. lie'nis, tumefaction of 
the spleen. H. miasmat'ica lie'nis, ague cake. H. 
sple'nis, tumefaction of the spleen. H. un'guium, 
excessive growth of the nails ; curvature of the nails. 
H. u'teri, hypertrophy of the uterus. H. vesi'cse 
urina'rise, hypertrophy of the bladder. 
Hypertrophise, hip-er-trof'e-e. See Hypertrophy. 
Hypertrophic, hi-per-trof'ik (hyper, trophe, nourish- 
ment). Relating to, or characterized by, hypertrophy 
or enlargement. 
Hypertrophied (hi'per-tro-feed) or Hypertrophous, 
hip-er'tro-fus. See Hypertrophy. 
Hypertrophy, hi'per-tro-fe (hyper, trophe, nourish- 
ment). State of a part in which the nutrition is per- 
formed with greater activity, and which, on that 
account, at length acquires unusual bulk. A part thus 
affected is said to be hypertrophied or hypertrophous. 
The term hypertrophi® is used for an order of cuta- 
neous diseases characterized by hypertrophy of the 
derma or epidermis, or both, or of the hair-follicles. 
See Hyperplasia. H. of the blad'der, cystauxe. H. 
of the brain, phrenauxe. H., car'diac, heart, hyper- 
trophy of. H., centrip'etal, concentric H. of heart. 
H., compen'satory, H. of a part or organ by which it 
can perform additional work to compensate for defec- 
tive condition or work of another part. H., concen'- 
tric, H. of heart leading to diminution of its cavities. 
H. eccen'tric, H. of walls of a cavity, as ventricle of 
heart, with dilatation. H. of the glands, hyperade- 
nosis, Hodgkin's disease. H. of the heart, heart, 
hypertrophy of. H. of the intes'tines, enterhyper- 
trophia. H. of the liver, hepatauxe. H., mus'cular, 
pseudohypertrophic muscular paralysis. H. of the 
nails, onychauxe. H., numer'ical, hyperplasia. H., 
pseudomus'cular, pseudohypertrophic muscular par- 
alysis. H. of the spleen, splenoncus; ague cake. H. 
of the thy'roid, bronchocele. H. of the u'terus, 
metrauxe. 
Hyperuresis, hip-er-u-re'sis (hyper, ouron, urine). 
Excessive urination; polyuria ; enuresis. H. aquo'- 
sa, diabetes ; polyuria. H. sacchari'na, diabetes 
mellitus. 
Hyperurorrhce'a (hyper, ouron, urine, rheo, to flow). 
Diabetes; polyuria. H., sac'charine, diabetes melli- 
tus; mellituria. 
Hypervenosity, hi-per-ve-nos'it-e. Excessive de- 
velopment of the venous system generally or of indi- 
vidual veins. 
Hyperymenoma, hip-er-e-men-o'mah (hyper, hymen, 
membrane). Tumor made up of membranes. The 
development of such tumor is termed Hypermenosis. 
Hyperzoodynamia, hip-er-zo-o-din-am'e-ah (hyper, 
zoon, animal, dunamis, power). Hypersthenia; hyper- 
dynamia. 
Hypesthesia, hip-es-the'ze-ah. Hyp®sthesia. 
Hypexodus, hip-eks'od-us (hypo, exodus, exit). Al- 
vine discharge or flux. 
Hypezocus, hip-e-zo'kus (hypo, zonnumi, to gird). 
Diaphragm ; pleura. Membrane or septum, as the 
mediastinum. 
Hypha, hif'ah. Texture. 
Hyphsema, hif-e'mah (hypo, haima, blood). Ecchy- 
556 
> HYPNOPATHY 
moma; antemia; suggillation; hyphaemia. H. oc'uli, 
effusion of blood in aqueous chamber of cornea; 
haemophthalmia. 
Hyphaematosis (hif-he-mat-o'sis) or Hypohaemat- 
o'sis. Morbidly diminished haematosis, or blood-for- 
mation, or vascular action. Condition like anaemia 
or chlorosis, with defective respiration. 
Hyphaemia, hif-he'me-ah. Deficiency of blood; 
oligaemia; ecchymosis; extravasation of blood in 
anterior chamber. 
Hyphaemorrhagia, hif-e-mor-rhaj'e-ah. Moderate 
hemorrhage. 
Hyphaemos, hif-e'mos (hypo, haima, blood). Some- 
what bloody; having color and nature of blood. 
Suggillated. 
Hyphe, hif'e. Texture. 
Hyphe'mia. Hyphaemia. 
Hyphidrosis, hif-id-ro'sis (hypo, hidrosis, sweat- 
ing). Slight sweating; deficiency of perspiration. 
Hyphology, hif-ol'o-je (hyphe, texture, logos, descrip- 
tion). Histology. 
Hyphotomy, hif-ot'o-me (hyphe, texture, tome, in- 
cision). Dissection of tissue. 
Hyphydraemia, hif-id-re'me-ah. Anaemia resulting 
from anhydrization of the blood, consequent on ex- 
periments on the lower animals, with the view of 
studying the effect of concentration of the liquor 
sanguinis and globules. Slight hydraemia. 
Hyphydros (hif'id-ros) or Hyph'ydrus (hypo, hudor, 
water). Hydropic. 
Hypinosis, hip-in-o'sis (hypo, is, fibre). Condition 
of the blood in which the quantity of fibrin or its 
proportion to the blood-corpuscles is less than in 
health. The quantity of corpuscles is either abso- 
lutely increased or their proportion to the fibrin is 
larger than in healthy blood; the quantity of solid 
constituents is also frequently larger than in health. 
Hypinotical, hip-in-ot'ik'l. Relating to hypinosis. 
Hypnaesthesis, hip-nees-the'sis (hypnos, aisthesis, 
feeling). Somnolency. 
Hypnagogic, hip-nag-o'gik (hypnos, agogos, leader). 
Leading to sleep. 
Hypnal, hip'nal. Oily liquid of ethereal odor and 
taste of chloral; compound of chloral and antipyrin; 
sedative, analgesic, and hypnotic ; chloral antipyrin. 
Hyp'nelos or Hyp'nelus. Sleepy. 
Hypnenergia, hip-nen-ur-je'ah (hypnos, energeia, 
energy). Somnambulism. 
Hypniater, hip-ne-at'ur (hypnos, iatros, physician). 
One who claims to be able during magnetic sleep to 
diagnosticate disease and its appropriate treatment. 
Clairvoyant. 
Hypnic, hip'nik (hupnos, sleep). Producing sleep; 
relating to sleep. 
Hypnob'ades (hypnos, baino, to move). Somnam- 
bulist. 
Hypnobadisis (hip-no-bad'is-is), Hypnobasis (hip- 
nob'as-is), Hypnobatasis (hip-no-bat-a'sis), Hypnobat- 
esis (hip-no-bat-a'sis), or Hypnobatia, hip-no-bat'e- 
ah. Somnambulism. 
Hypnobates (hip-nob'a-tees) or Hypnodes, hip-ito'- 
dees (hupnos, sleep). One in a state of slumber or som- 
nolency. 
Hypnodia, hip-no'de-ah. Somnolency. 
Hypnogenic, hip-no-jen'ik (hypnos, gennao, to pro- 
duce). Producing sleep or hypnotism. 
Hypnolepsy, hip'no-lep-se (hypnos, lepsis, seizure). 
Morbid drowsiness. Narcolepsy. African sleep dis- 
ease, nelavan. 
Hypnology, hip-nol'o-je (hypnos, logos, discourse). 
Treatise on sleep; doctrine of sleep; hypnotism. 
Hypnone, hip'none. CsHsO. Acetophenone, phenyl- 
methylketone, methylphenylketone. Made by acting 
on zinc-methyl with chloride of benzyl, or distilling 
together mixture of acetate and benzoate of calcium. 
Colorless, oily liquid, with odor of bitter almonds, 
soluble in alcohol, chloroform, and ether. Hypnotic 
in dose of one to four minims. 
Hypnonergia, hip-no-ner-je'ah (hypnos, energeia, ac- 
tion). Somnambulism. 
Hypnopatby, hip-nop'ath-e (hypnos,pathos, disease). HYPNOPHOBIA 
Sleep or drowsiness from some disease of the body or 
brain. 
Hypnophobia, hip - no-fo'be-ah {hypnos, phobos, 
dread). Dread of sleep; incubus or nightmare. 
Hypnophreno'sls {hupnos, sleep, phren, mind). Dis- 
turbed sleep, as in somnambulism, nightmare, etc., or 
delirium. 
Hypnophrenoses, hip-no-fren-o'sees {hypnos, phren, 
mind). Morbid mental conditions connected with 
sleep, such as delirium, somnambulism, etc. 
Hypnopceus, hip-no-pe'us {hypnos, poieo, to make). 
Producing sleep. 
Hypnos, hip'nos. Sleep. 
Hypnosia, hip-no'ze-ah. Unnatural sleep; narco- 
lepsy. H. biomagnet'ica, hypnosis, biomagnetic. 
Hypnosis, hip-no'sis. Supervention or production 
of sleep or of a hypnotic condition. H., biomagnet'ic, 
sleep, magnetic; hypnotism; nelavan or sleep disease. 
Hypnotic, hip-not'ik. Somniferous. Agent pro- 
ducing sleep. H. hallucinations, phenomena of 
hypnotism; also hallucinations in the state between 
sleeping and waking. H. suggestion, effect produced 
in one who has been hypnotized, under influence of 
which suggestions of the operator are adopted by the 
patient as his own. 
Hypnotism, hip'no-tizm. An artificially produced 
neurotic condition or form of lethargy resulting 
from direct, patient attention to a second party, 
through the influence of animal magnetism. There is 
loss or suspension of sensation, consciousness, or will- 
power. See Magnetism, animal. 
Hypnotiza'tion. Act of subjecting any one to hyp- 
notic influence. 
Hypnotized, hip'no-tized. Subject to or under the 
influence of hypnotism. See Mesmerised, Animal mag- 
netism, and Hypnotism. 
Hy'po (under). In composition, under. Also abbre- 
viation for hypochondriasis. 
Hypoaema, hip-o-e'mah {hypo, haima, blood). Ec- 
chymoma. 
Hypoaemia, hip-o-e'me-ah. Ecchymoma; hypaemia; 
suggillation. 
Hypoalbumino'sis. Diminution in the quantity of 
albumen in the blood. 
Hypoazoturia, hip-o-az-ot-u're-ah {hypo, azote, ouron, 
urine). Diminution in amount of urea passed in the 
urine. 
Hypoblast, hi'po-blast {hypo, blastos, germ). Ento- 
derm or inner or mucous layer of blastoderm. 
Hypoblepharon (hip-o-blef'ar-on) or Hypobleph- 
arum, hip-o-blef'ar-um {hypo, blepharon, eyelid). Tu- 
mefaction under one or both eyelids. Artificial eye 
placed under the eyelids. 
Hypobranchial (hi-po-bran'ke-al) groove. Ventral 
groove in oesophagus of the foetus. 
Hypobulia, hip-o-bu'le-ah {hypo, boule, will). De- 
ficiency of will-power. 
Hypocampa, hip-o-kam'pah. Hippocampus major. 
Hypocapnisma (hip-o-kap-niz'mah) orHypocapnis- 
mus, hip-o-kap-niz'mus {hypo, kapnos, smoke). Fumi- 
gation. 
Hypocardia, hip-o-kar'de-ah {hypo, kardia, heart). 
Displacement of the heart in a downward direction. 
Hypocarodes, hip-o-kar-o'dees {hypo, karos, heavy 
sleep). Lethargic; in a state approaching last stages 
of coma. 
Hypocatalepsis, hip-o-kat-al-ep'sis {hypo, katalepsis, 
seizure). Slight catalepsy, or epilepsy that is not 
fully developed. 
Hypocatharsis, hip-o-kath-ar'sis {hypo, katharsis, 
purgation). Feeble purgation (opposed to hypercath- 
arsis). Purgation downward. 
Hypocathartic, hi-po-kath-art'ik. Laxative. 
Hypocausis, hip-o-kaus'is {hypo, kauo, to burn). 
Slight burning. 
Hypocaus'ticum (same etymon). Mild caustic. 
Hypocaustum, hip-o-kaus'tum {hypo, kaio, to burn). 
Stove or any contrivance for sweating purposes. 
Furnace in subterraneous place for heating baths; 
the balnearium, vaporarium, calidarium of ancient 
baths. 
557 
HYPOCHORETIC ' 
* j 
Hypocauterium, hip-o-kau-ter'e-um (same etymon). 
Mild caustic. 
Hypocephalseum, hip-o-sef-al-e'um (hypo, kephale, 
head). Pillow for the head. 
Hypocerchaleon, hip-o-ser-kal'e-on (hypo, kerchaleos, 
hoarse). Roughness of the fauces, making the voice 
hoarse. 
Hypochloretum sulphurosum, hip-o-klo-re'tum sul- 
fu-ro'sum. Sulphur, chloride of. 
Hypochloric (hi-po-klo'ric) acid. Chlorine per- 
oxide, obtained by treating potassium chlorate with 
a strong sulphuric acid ; it is very explosive. 
Hypochloris, hip-o-klo'ris. Hypochlorite. H. cal'- 
cicus, chlorinated lime. 
Hypochlo'rite. Salt formed with hypochlorous 
acid, HC1O, as H. of lime. 
Hypochloromelas, hip-o-klor-om'el-as (hypo, chloros, 
green, melas, black). Term applied to one whose skin 
is pale, with a blackish hue. 
Hypochlorous (hi-po-klo'rus) acid (hypo, under, 
chlorous). Acid obtained by agitating mercuric oxide 
with chlorine-water; is a strong bleaching agent. 
Hypochoeris maculata, hip-o-ke'ris mak-u-lat'ah. 
Herb growing in Europe, nat. ord. Composite; expec- 
torant. H. radica'ta, Australian cape weed, long- 
rooted cat's ear, grows in Europe, having similar 
properties to H. maculata; used also in intestinal 
obstructions. 
Hypochoilion, hip-o-koil'e-on (Jiypo, koilia, belly). 
Abdomen. 
Hypochon'dre or Hypochondrium, hip-o-kon'dre- 
um (hypo, chondros, cartilage). Hypochondriac region. 
Each lateral and superior region of the abdomen is so 
called, because bounded by the cartilaginous margin 
of the false ribs, which forms the base of the chest. 
There is a right and left hypochondrium. 
Hypochon'dria. Hypochondriasis. 
Hypochondriac (hip-o-kon'dre-ak) or Hypochon- 
dri'acal. Vapory; vaporish; belonging to hypo- 
chondriasis. One laboring under" hypochondriasis; 
hipped. H. re'gion, portion of the abdomen beneath 
the ribs; also extension of this region forward. 
Hypochondriacism, hip-o-kon-dri'a-sizm. Hypo- 
chondriasis. 
Hypochondrlalgia, hip-o-kon-dre-al'je-ah (hypo, 
chondre, algos, pain). Pain in the hypochondriac re- 
gion. 
Hypochondriasis, hip-o-kon-dri'a-sis. Hypo, Hypo- 
chondrism, Hip, Spleen, Vapors, English malady, Low 
spirits, (vulg.) The blues, Black dog (S. Johnson); prob- 
ably so called from the circumstance of some hypo- 
chondriacs having felt an uneasy sensation in the 
hypochondriac regions. Species of neurosis or of 
mental alienation observed in persons in other re- 
spects of sound judgment, who reason erroneously on 
whatever concerns their own health. It is character- 
ized by disordered digestion, flatulence, borborygmi, 
extreme increase of sensibility, palpitations, illusions 
of the senses, a succession of morbid feelings appear- 
ing to simulate those of disease, panics, exaggerated 
uneasiness of various kinds, chiefly as towhat regards 
the health, etc. Indigestion is doubtless often a cause 
of hypochondriasis, but the seat of the affection is 
really, though functionally, in the brain. The disease 
almost always appears at the adult age, most com- 
monly in irritable individuals and in those ex- 
hausted by mental labor, domestic or public affairs, 
etc. 
Hypochondriasm (hip-o-kon'dre-azm), Hypochon- 
dricism (hip-o-kon'dre-sizm), Hypochondrism (hip-o- 
kon'drizm), or Hypochondry, hip-o-kon'dre. Hypo- 
chondriasis. 
Hypochondrium, hip-o-kon'dre-um. Hypochon- 
driac region. 
Hypochondrophthi'sis. Wasting away with hypo- 
chondriasis. 
Hypochorema, hip-o-ko-ra'mah (hypo, choreo, to 
make vacant). Excrement. 
Hypochoresis, hip-o-ko-ra'sis (same etymon). Defe- 
cation. 
Hypochoretic, hip-o-ko-ret'ic. Cathartic. HYPOCHROMIA 
Hypochromia, hip-o-kro'me-ah (hypo, chroma, color). 
Unusual pallor of the skin. 
Hypochrosis, hip-o-kro'sis (hypo, chrosis, color). Un- 
natural paleness ; want of color in red corpuscles of 
the blood. 
Hypochyma, hip-ok'im-ah (hypo, chuo, to pour). 
Cataract; glaucoma; hsematophthalmia. 
Hypochysis, hip-ok'is-is (hypo, chuo, to pour). Cata- 
ract. H. hemato'des, internal hsemophthalmia. 
Hypocine'sia or Hypocine'sis. Slight or defective 
motion; diminished muscular response to excitation. 
Hypocistis, hip-o-sis'tis. Cytinus. 
Hypoclepsis, hip-o-klep'sis (hypo, klepsis, theft). 
Diminution; transudation. 
Hypoclysis (hip-ok-lis'is) or Hypoclys'mus (hypo, 
kluzo, to wash out, as by a clyster). Purging by a 
clyster. 
Hypoccelis, hip-o-se'lis. Lower eyelid. 
Hypocoelium, hip-o-se'le-um (hypo, koilia, abdo- 
men). Abdomen. 
Hypoccelum, hip-o-se'lum. Lower eyelid, or cavity 
under it. 
Hypocoilon (hip-o-koil'on), Hypocoe'lon, or Hypo- 
coe'lum (hypo, koilon, cavity). Cavity under the lower 
eyelid or the lower eyelid itself. 
Hypocone, hip'o-kone (hypo, konos, cone). Sixth 
cusp in molars of upper jaw. 
Hypocophosis, hip-o-ko-fo'sis (hypo, kophos, deaf). 
Hardness of hearing; incomplete deafness. 
Hypoco'phous (same etymon). Deaf to a moderate 
degree. 
Hypocranium, hip-o-kran'e-um (hypo, kranion, the 
cranium). Collection of pus between the cranium 
and dura mater. 
Hypocratus, hip-ok'rat-us (hypo, kratos, strength). 
Infirm. 
Hypocrinia, hip-o-krin'e-ah (hypo, krino, to secrete). 
Lessened amount of secretion. 
Hypocylum, hip-o-se'lum. Hypocoilon. 
Hypocyphus, hip-o-se'fus (hypo, kuphos, gibbous). 
Slightly humpbacked. 
Hypocyrtos, hip-o-sir'tos (hypo, kurtos, curved). 
Slightly humpbacked. 
Hypocysteotomy, hi-po-sis-te-ot'o-me {hypo, kustis, 
bladder, tome, section). Perineal cystotomy; lateral 
operation of lithotomy. 
Hypoderis, hip-od'er-is (hypo, deris, skin). Clitoris; 
prepuce of clitoris ; lower part of the neck. 
Hypoderm, hi'po-durm (hypo, derma, skin). Sub- 
cutaneous tissue. 
Hypodermal, hi-po-dur'mal. Hypodermic. 
Hypodermatic, hi-po-dur-mat'ic (hypo, derma, skin). 
Under the skin; hypodermic ; subcutaneous. 
Hypodermatomy, hip-o-der-mat'o-me (hypo, derma, 
skin, tome, incision). Section of subcutaneous parts, 
as of tendons and muscles. 
Hypodermic, hi-po-dur'mik (hypo, derma, skin). 
Under the skin, as Hypodermic medication, that which 
consists in the application of remedies under the skin. 
Subcutaneous. H. injec'tion, injection of fluid into 
the subcutaneous cellular tissue; also the fluid in- 
jected. When blood is thus injected, the process is 
called H. transfusion. 
Hypodermis, hip-o-derm'is. Hypoderma ; clitoris; 
nymphse; prepuce of clitoris. 
Hypodermoclysis, hip-o-der-mok'lis-is (hypo, derma, 
klusis, washing out). Hypodermic injection of alka- 
line, saline, or other solutions, in quantity, as in 
cholera; subcutaneous injection. 
Hypodermoclysm, hi-po-der'mo-klism. Treatment 
by large saline injections, as in cholera. 
Hypodermotherapy, hi-po-der-mo-ther'ap-e (hypo, 
derma, skin, therapeuo, to cure). Hypodermic medica- 
tion. 
Hypoderrhis, hip-o-der'rhis (hypo, dere, neck). 
Epideris; lower and fore part of tke neck; hypo- 
deris. 
Hypodesis, hip-od'es-is (hypo, deo, to bind). Band- 
age ; ligation. 
Hypodesma (hip-o-dez'mah) or Hypodes'mis (hypo, 
desma, bandage). Bandage. 
558 
HYPOGASTROHXEMIA 
Hypodiaphragmatic, hi-po-di-a-frag-mat'ik. Below 
the diaphragm. 
Hypodicrotous, hi-po-dik'ro-tus (hypo, di, double, 
kroteo, to strike). Term applied to the pulse-trace of 
the sphygmograph when indicating that dicrotism is 
slight or retarded. When the latter is blended with 
the line of ascent of the next pulsation, it is said to 
be hypodicrotous. 
Hypodyma, hip-od'im-ah. Pleura ; mediastinum. 
Hypodynamic, hi-po-di-nam'ik (hypo, dunamis, 
power). Adynamic. 
Hypodynia, hip-o-din'e-ah (hypo, odune, pain). 
Slight pain. 
Hypoecta'sia. Hypectasia. 
Hypogala, hip-og'al-ah (hypo, gala, milk). Effusion 
of milky fluid into the eye ; hypopyon. 
Hypogaster, hip-o-gas'ter. Hypogastrium. 
Hypogastralgia (hip-o-gas-tral'je-ah) or Hypogas- 
trial'gia (hypogastrium, algos, pain). Pain in the 
hypogastrium. 
Hypogastr ectasia (hip-o-gas-trek-tah'ze-ah) or 
Hypogastrec'tasis (hypogastrium, ektasis, dilatation). 
Dilatation of the hypogastrium. 
Hypogastrial'gia. Hypogastralgia. 
Hypogastric, hi-po-gas'trik. Relating to the hypo- 
gastrium. H. ar'tery, more internal of the two 
branches into which the primary iliac divides; it de- 
scends into the cavity of the pelvis, and gives off a 
number of branches, which arise at times separately, 
at others by common trunks; see Umbilical arteries. 
H. fold, peritoneal fold from sides of the bladder to the 
umbilicus, in which are the obliterated umbilical ar- 
teries. H. fos'sa, fossa in the peritoneum caused by 
the hypogastric fold. H. gan'glion, large nervous 
ganglion on each side of the cervix uteri, immediately 
behind the ureter, which receives the greater number 
of the nerves of the hypogastric and sacral plexuses, 
and distributes branches to the uterus, vagina, bladder, 
and rectum. H. glands, lymphatic glands of hypo- 
gastric region. H. lithot'omy, high or suprapubic 
lithotomy. H. nerve, branch of ilio-hypogastric 
nerve to the skin. H. plex'us, this is situate at the 
lateral and posterior parts of the rectum and the bas 
fond of the bladder, and is formed by the sacral 
nerves and the inferior mesenteric plexus, giving off 
numerous filaments, which accompany the arteries 
passing to the rectum and genital organs. Also plexus 
of lymphatic vessels surrounding the internal iliac 
artery. H. re'glon, hypogastrium. H. vein, internal 
iliac vein. 
Hypogastrion, hip-o-gas'tre-on. Abdomen; hypo- 
gastrium. 
Hypogastrlorrhexis, hip-o-gas-tre-or-rheks'is. Hy- 
pogastrorrhexis. 
Hypogastriotomy, hip-o-gas-tre-ot'o-me (hypogas- 
trium, tome, incision). Operation of opening the ab- 
domen in region of hypogastrium. 
Hypogastritis, hip-o-gas-tre'tis. Slight gastritis. 
Hypogastrium, hip-o-gas'tre-um (hypo, gaster, belly). 
Lower part of the abdomen; the hypogastric region ex- 
tending as high as three fingers' breadth beneath the 
umbilicus. It is divided into three secondary regions: 
one middle or pubic, and two lateral or inguinal. 
Hypogastrius, hip-o-gas'tre-us. Hypogastric. 
Hypogastroarctia, hip-o-gas-tro-ark'te-ah (hypogas- 
trium, arcto, to narrow). Constriction of the abdomen 
at the hypogastrium. 
Hypogastrocele, hip-o-gas-tro-se'le (Eng. hi-po-gas'- 
tro-seel) (hypogastrium, kele, tumor). Hernia in the 
hypogastric region, occurring through the separated 
fibres of the lower part of the linea alba; hypogastric 
hernia. 
Hypogastrodidymus, hip-o-gas-tro-did'im-us (hypo- 
gastrium, didumos, twin). Monstrosity in which twins 
are united by the hypogastrium. 
Hypogastroectasia, hip-o-gas-tro-ek-taz'e-ah (hypo- 
gastrium, ektasis, dilatation). Dilatation of the abdo- 
men at the hypogastrium. 
Hypogastrohsemia, hip-o-gas-tro-he'me-ah (hypogas- 
trium, haima, blood). Abdominal hemorrhage in the 
region of the hypogastrium. HYPOGASTRONERVIA 
Hypogastronervia (hip-o-gas-tro-nur've-ah) or Hyp- 
ogastroneur'ia (hypo, gaster, stomach, neuron, nerve). 
Deficient nervous action of the stomach. 
Hypogastropathia, hip-o-gas-tro-path-e'ah (hypogas- 
trium, pathos, disease). Disease of the hypogastrium. 
Hypogastrorrhagia, hip-o-gas-tror-rhaj'e-ah (hypo- 
gastrium, rhage). Abdominal hemorrhage in the 
region of the hypogastrium. 
Hypogastrorrhexis, hip-o-gas-tror-rheks'is (hypogas- 
trium, rhexis, rupture). Eupture of the hypogastrium; 
eventration. 
Hypogastrorrhcea, hip-o-gas-tror-rhe'ah (hypogas- 
trium, rheo, to flow). Slight gastrorrhoea. 
Hypogastrostenosis, hip-o-gas-tro-sten-o'sis (hypo- 
gastrium, stenosis, narrowness). Narrowness or con- 
striction of the hypogastrium. 
Hypogenesia, hip-o-jen-a'ze-ah (hypo, genesis, for- 
mation). Defective development or formative power. 
Hypogenesis, hip-o-jen'es-is. Incomplete produc- 
tion. 
Hypogeusia, hip-o-gu'ze-ah (hypo, geusis, taste). 
Deadening or diminution of sense of taste; defective 
taste. 
HypoglobuTia (hypo, globule). Diminution in the 
quantity of globules in the blood. 
Hypoglossa, hip-o-glos'sah. Hypoglottides. 
Hypoglossal, hi-po-glos'sal (hypo, glossa, tongue). 
Under the tongue. H. a'rea, inferior end of round 
fasciculus, floor of fourth ventricle. H. nerve, lin- 
gual or gustatory nerve, ninth pair of nerves; it 
arises by ten or twelve very fine filaments from the 
grooves separating the corpora pyramidalia from the 
corpora olivaria, issues from the cranium by the fora- 
men condyloideum anterius, and divides, near the 
angle of the jaw, into two branches: one, the 
cervicalis descendens or descendens noni; the other, 
the lingual branch, the continuation of the principal 
trunk, gives numerous filaments to the muscles of the 
tongue and pharynx. The ninth pair communicates 
motion to the muscles to which it is distributed. 
Hypoglossia, hip-o-glos'se-ah. Hypoglottides. 
Hypoglossiadenitis, hip-o-glos-se-ad-eu-e'tis (hypo, 
glossa, tongue, aden, gland). Inflammation of the sub- 
lingual gland. 
Hypoglossidia, hip-o-glos-sid'e-ah. Hypoglottides. 
Hypoglossion (hip-o-glos'se-on) or Hypoglossium, 
hip-o-glos'se-um (hypo, glossa, tongue). Sublingual 
region. 
Hypoglossis (hip-o-glos'sis), Hypoglot'tis, or Hypo- 
glot'tia (hypo, glossa, tongue). Under surface of the 
tongue; ranula. 
Hypoglossitis, hip-o-glos-se'tis. Inflammation un- 
der the tongue. 
Hypoglossium, hip-o-glos'se-um. Hypoglossion; ra- 
nula. 
Hypoglossocynanche, hip-o-glos-so-sin-an'ke (hypo, 
glossa, tongue, cynanche). Angina Ludovici. 
Hypoglossum, hip-o-glos'sum. Euscus hypoglos- 
sum; ranula. 
Hypoglos'sus (under the tongue). Hypoglossal and 
hypoglossus nerve. 
Hypoglottia, hip-o-glot'te-ah. Hypoglossis, hypo- 
glottides. 
Hypoglottides (hip-o-glot'tid-ees) pil'ulse. Pills 
placed under the tongue to dissolve there. 
Hypoglottis, hip-o-glot'tis. Hypoglossis; ranula. 
Hypoglutis, hip-o-glu'tis (hypo, gloutos, breech). 
The lower and projecting part of the nates; gluteal 
fold. 
Hypognathaden, hip-o-nath'ad-en (hypo, gnathos, 
jaw, aden, gland). Submaxillary gland. 
Hypognathadenitis, hip-o-nath-ad-en-e'tis (hypo- 
gnathaden, submaxillary gland). Inflammation of the 
submaxillary gland. 
Hypognathus, hip-o-nath'us (hypo, gnathos, jaw). 
Double monstrosity in which one fcetus is attached to 
another beneath its jaw. Having the lower jaw more 
prominent than the upper. 
Hypohaema, hip-o-he'mah (hypo, haima, blood). 
Efiiision of blood into the chambers of the eye; 
hyphsema. 
559 
HYPONYCHIAL 
Hypohaematosis, hip-o-he-ma-to'sis. Hyphsematosis. 
Hypohaemia, hip-o-he'me-ah. Hypaemia. 
Hypohaemitis, hip-o-he-me'tis. Slight inflammation 
of the blood. 
Hypohidrosis, hip-o-hid-ro'sis {hypo, hidrosis, sweat). 
Deficiency of perspiration. 
Hypohyal, hi-po-hi'al. Under the hyoid bone. 
Hypohydraemia, hip-o-hi-dre'me-ah {hypo, hydro, 
haima, blood). Deficient amount of water in the 
blood. 
Hypohypnosis, hip-o-hip-no'sis {hypo, hupnos, sleep). 
Insufficient or lessened amount of sleep. 
Hypoidro'sis. Hypohidrosis. 
Hypoinosae'mla {hypo, is, fibrin, haima, blood). 
Diminution of amount of fibrin in the blood, or of 
formative power as regards fibrin in the blood. 
Hypokinesia (hip-o-kin-a'ze-ah) or Hypokinesis, 
hip-o-kin-a'sis. Diminished power of movement; 
slow motion or action; slight paralysis of motion. 
Hypolampsia (hip-o-lamp'she-ah) or Hypolampsis, 
hip-o-lamp'sis {hypo, lampsis, shining). Slight bright- 
ness of surface in dropsy; slight degree of contraction 
of a limb. 
Hypolemmal, hi-po-lem'mal {hypo, lemma, husk). 
Having position on ental side of a sheath; a portion 
of nerve in a motorial end-plate, for example. 
Hypolepsiomania, hip-o-lep-se-o-man'e-ah {hypo, 
lepsis, seizure, mania). Slight mania; monomania; 
melancholy. 
Hypolepsis, hip-o-lep'sis {hypo, lepsis, seizure). 
Slight mania or monomania. 
Hypologia, hip-o-lo'je-ah (hypo, logos, discourse). 
General mental degeneration of the insane, in which 
words are improperly used to express thoughts. 
Hypolympha, hip-o-lim'fah (hypo, lympha, water). 
Plastic effusion into the anterior chamber of the eye. 
Hypolymphia, hip-o-limf'e-ah (same etymon). De- 
ficiency of lymph. 
Hypolysis, hip-ol'is-is (hypo, lusis, loosening). Slight 
paralysis. 
Hypomania, hip-o-man'e-ah. Slight mania ; mono- 
mania. 
Hypomelancholia, hip-o-mel-an-kol'e-ah. Slight 
melancholy. 
Hypomenous, hip-om'en-us {hypo, meno, to remain). 
Unattached to the part above it. 
Hypometropia, hip-o-met-ro'pe-ah (hypo, metron, 
measure, ops, eye). Myopia. 
Hypo'mia (hypo, homos, shoulder). Axilla. 
Hypomicrosthenic, hi-po-mik-ros-then'ik {hypo, 
mikros, small, sthenos, strength). Want of strength ; 
deficiency of muscular power. 
Hypomne'sis {hypo, mnesis, memory). Defective 
memory. 
Hypomnestic, hi-po-nes'tik (hypo, mnesis, memory). 
Having defective memory. 
Hypomoria, hip-o-mo're-ah {hypo, moria, folly). 
Slight imbecility of mind or slight delirium. 
Hypomyosthenia, hip-o-me-os-the-ne'ah (hypo, mus, 
muscle, sthenos, strength). Muscular debility. 
Hypomyot'rophy {hypo, mus, muscle, trophe, nour- 
ishment). Muscular atrophy. 
Hypomyxon, hip-o-miks'on {hypo, muxa, mucus). 
Part that is slightly mucous in character or covered 
with mucus. 
Hyponarthecia, hip-o-nar-tha'se-ah {hypo, narthex, 
splint). Mode of treating fractures by position only, 
the limb resting upon a cushioned board or splint. 
Hyponephrotrophia, hip-o-nef-ro-trof'e-ah (hypo, 
nephros, kidney, trophe, nourishment). Atrophy of 
the kidney. 
Hyponer'via or Hyponeuria, hip-o-nu're-ah (hypo, 
neuron, nerve). Morbidly diminished nervous energy; 
partial paralysis. 
Hyponomous, hi-pon'om-us (hypo, nemo, to feed). 
Spreading or eating away under the surface, as an 
ulcer or fistula; burrowing, as of an abscess. 
Hyponomus, hip-on'om-us (hypo, nemo, to feed). 
Deep fistula or ulcer. 
Hyponychial, hi-pon-ik'e-al (hypo, onux, nail). 
Seated under the nail; relating to parts so situate. HYPONYCHION 
Hyponychion, hip-on-ik'e-on (hypo, onux, nail). 
Embryonic nail, apparently embedded in the cuticle. 
Hyponychon, hip-on'ik-on (same etymon). Effu- 
sion of blood or pus under a nail. 
Hypopathia, hip-o-path-e'ah (hypo,pathos, affection). 
A disease of a slight character. 
Hypopatus, hip-op'at-us (hypo, pateo, to go). De- 
jection. 
Hypopedium, hip-o-ped-e'um (hypo, pes, foot). A 
cataplasm for the sole of the foot. 
Hypopharyngeal, hi-po-far-in-je'al. Under the 
pharynx. 
Hypopha'sia or Hypophasis, hip-of'as-is (hypo, 
phaino, to appear). The state of the eyes in which 
the white only is seen through the opening of the 
eyelids; lagophthalmia. 
Hypophleboarctia, hip-o-fleb-o-ark'te-ah (hypo, 
phleps, vein, arctus, narrow). Slight contraction or 
narrowness of the veins. 
Hypophlegmasia, hip-o-fleg-mah'ze-ah. Slight in- 
flammation. 
Hypophlegmymen'ic (hypo, phlegma, phlegm, hymen, 
membrane). Under the mucous membrane. 
Hypophonesis, hip-o-fon-a'sis (hypo, phone, voice). 
Moderate use of the voice; speaking in an undertone. 
Hypophora, hip-of'o-rah (hypo, phero, to carry). A 
fistulous ulcer; purgation. 
Hypophosphis, hi-po-fos'fis. Hypophosphite. H. 
cal'cicus, calcium hypophosphite. H. fer'ricus, iron 
hypophosphite. H. kaTicus, potassium hypophos- 
phite. H. na'tricus, sodium hypophosphite. H. 
potas'sicus, potassium hypophosphite. H. so'dicus, 
sodium hypophosphite. 
Hypophosphites,! hi-po-fos'fites. A class of com- 
pounds formed by the union of hypophosphorous 
acid with oxides of iron, sodium, calcium, etc., and 
with quinia and strychnia prescribed in the form of 
syrup to obviate their oxidation into phosphates if 
given in solution. They are prescribed in debility, 
anaemia accompanied with nervous derangement, 
muscular weakness, nervous exhaustion, hysteria, 
insomnia, gastralgia, etc. See Ferri hypophosphis, 
Calcii hypophosphis, etc. 
Hypophosphorous (hi-po-fos'for-us) acid. White 
crystalline, monobasic acid, forming salts with bases. 
See Hypophosphites. Its therapeutic action is similar 
to that of phosphorous acid. 
Hypophrasia, hip-o-frah'ze-ah (hypo, phrasis, 
speech). Defective speech from loss of control, as in 
paresis, or from disinclination to speak, as in melan- 
cholia. 
Hypophraxia, hip-o-fraks'e-ah (obstruction or 
blocking up). Disinclination to move from assumed 
or fixed position, as in melancholia. 
Hypophrenic, hi-po-fren'ik (hypo, phren, dia- 
phragm). Under the diaphragm. 
Hypophthalmia, hip-of-thal'me-ah. Hypopyon. 
Hypophthalmion, hip-of-thal'me-on (hypo, ophthdl- 
mos, eye). Part under the eye where cedema gene- 
rally commences in chronic diseases and in cachexise. 
Hypophysis, hip-of'is-is (hypo, phuo, to bring forth). 
Process of bone. Cataract. Offspring or progeny. 
Superfcetation. H. cerebra'lis, cer'ebri, or dien- 
ceph'ali, pituitary gland. 
Hypopion, hip-op'e-on (hypo, ops, eye). Portion of 
the face directly under the eye. Ecchymosis of the 
lower eyelid; black eye. Hypopyon. 
Hypopitys languinosa, hip-op'it-is lan-gwin-o'sah 
(hypo, pitas, pine tree). American pine-sap, false 
beech-drops, birds' nest. Powdered root is nervine. 
Eemedy for cough of sheep. 
Hypopium, hip-op'e-um. Hipopion. Malar bone. 
Hypoplasia, hip-o-plah'ze-ah (hypo, plasso, to form). 
Defect in development or formative power. 
Hypoplasma, hip-o-plaz'mah (hypo, plasso, to form). 
Hypinosis. 
Hypoplastaema (hip-o-plas-te'mah) or Hypoplas- 
ticaemia, hip-o-plas-te-se'me-ah (hypo, plastikos, forma- 
tive, haima, blood). Diminished plasticity of the 
blood. 
Hypoplas'tia. Hypoplastsema. 
560 
HYPOSPADIA 
Hypoplastic, hip-o-plas'tik {hypo, under, plastilcos, 
formative). Possessing impaired power of formation. 
Hypoplasty, hi'po-plas-te (same etymon). Hypo- 
plasteema; hypoplasia. 
Hypopleurius, hip-o-plu're-us (hypo, pleura, rib). 
Subcostal pleura. 
Hypopodia, hip-o-po'de-ah (hypo, pous, foot). Rem- 
edies, as sinapisms, applied under the foot. 
Hypopodion (hip-o-pod'e-on) or Hypopod'ium (hypo, 
pous, foot). Remedy, as cataplasm, applied to the 
foot. Foot-rest of surgical apparatus. 
Hypopselaphesia (hip-o-sel-af-a'ze-ah) or Hypo- 
pselaphesis, hip-o-sel-af-a'sis (hypo, pselaphesis, act of 
feeling). Impaired or diminished tactile power. 
Hypopsophesis, hip-o-sof-a'sis (hupopsopheo, to 
make a slight noise). Noise of fluids in passage 
through the oesophagus. 
Hypoptyalism, hi-po-ti'al-ism (hypo, ptualon, saliva. 
Diminished secretion of saliva ; slight ptyalism. 
Hypopyon (hip-op'e-on) or Hypop'yum (hypo, puon, 
pus). Collection of pus. Name given to small ab- 
scesses between the laminae of the cornea, hypopyon 
of the cornea, as well as to purulent collections in the 
chambers of the eye, hypopyon of the chambers. 
Also effusion of blood under the eyelids and tunica 
conjunctiva or under the lower eyelid. H. lac'teum, 
hypopyon. 
Hypoquebrachine, hip-o-kwe-brak'in. Yellowish 
alkaloid, C21H26N2O2, from white quebracho bark. 
Hyporinion (hip-o-rin'e-on) or Hyporrhin'ium 
(hypo, rhis, nose). Part of the beard beneath the nose; 
mustache. Upper lip. 
Hyporisma, hip-or-iz'mah. Aneurism. 
Hyporrhachis, hip-or'rak-is (hypo, rhachis, spine). 
Hollow in the small of the back. 
Hyporrhagia, hip-or-rha'je-ah (hypo, rhegnumi, to 
break forth). Discharge of fluid from beneath. 
Slight hemorrhage. 
Hyporrhinion (hip-or-rhin'e-on) or Hyporrhinium, 
hip-or-rhin'e-um. Hyporinion. 
Hyporrhinos (hip-or-rhin'os) or Hyporrhinus, hip- 
or-rhin'us (hypo, rhis, nose). Under the nose; nasal, as 
the voice. 
Hyporrhoea, hip-or-rhe'ah (hypo, rheo, to flow). 
Slight discharge. 
Hyporrhysis, hip-or'rhis-is (hypo, rhuo, to flow). De- 
fluxion, prolapsus. Falling off in nutrition or flesh. 
Hyposaprus,. hip-o-sap'rus (hypo, sapros, putrid). 
Growing putrid; slightly putrid. 
Hyposarapho'ne (hypo, saroo, to roll about, phone, 
voice). Slight roughness of voice. 
Hyposarca, hip-o-sar'kah (hypo, sarx, flesh). Ana- 
sarca. Collection of fluid in muscular tissue. Pen- 
dulous abdomen; physconia. 
Hyposarcidium, hip-o-sar-sid'e-um. Anasarca; hy- 
posarca. 
Hyposarcosis, hip-o-sar-ko'sis (hypo, sarcosis, fleshy 
growth). Small fleshy growth; wart. 
Hyposcheotomy, hip-osk-e-ot'o-me (hypo, oscheon, 
scrotum, tome, incision). Treatment of hydrocele by 
puncturation at the lower part of the tunica vaginalis. 
Hyposeismus (hypo, seismos, shaking). Slight con- 
cussion. 
Hyposiagon, hip-o-se'ag-on (hypo, siagon, jaw-bone). 
Inferior maxillary bone. 
Hyposiagonarthritis, hip-o-se-ag-on-arth-re'tis (hy- 
posiagon, arthron, joint). Inflammation of temporo- 
maxillary joint. 
Hyposialaden, hip-o-se-al'ad-en (hypo, sialon, saliva, 
aden, gland). Submaxillary gland. 
Hyposialadenitis, hip-o-se-al-ad-en-e'tis (hyposial- 
aden, submaxillary gland). Inflammation of sub- 
maxillary gland. 
Hyposkeletal, hi-po-skel'e-tal. Below the vertebral 
axis of the embryo. 
Hyposmia, hip-oz'me-ah (hyper, osme, smell). Di- 
minished or defective sense of smell. 
Hypospadia (hip-o-spad'e-ah), Hypospadias (hip-o- 
spad'e-as), or Hypospadiasis, hip-o-spad-e'as-is (hypo, 
spao, to draw). Malformation in which the canal of 
the urethra, instead of opening at the apex of the HYPOSPADIAN 
glans, terminates at its base or beneath the penis, at 
greater or less distance from the symphysis pubis. 
When the orifice of the urethra is very near the root of 
the penis the scrotum is divided, as it were, into two 
great labia-a malformation often taken for her- 
maphrodism. The condition probably causes im- 
potence ; it certainly renders impregnation less prob- 
able. When the opening is in the glans penis, it is 
called glandular or botanic hypospadias; between the 
glans and scrotum, penile h.; in the scrotum, scrotal 
h.; in the perineum, perineal h. Also retraction of 
glans from contracted fraenum. In female, deficiency 
of urethra, the urine thus passing into the vagina. 
Hypospadian, hip-o-spad'e-an. Hypospadias. 
Hypospadias, hip-o-spad'e-as. One affected with 
hypospadia; hypospadian. Hypospadia. 
Hypospadiasis, hip-o-spad-e'as-is. Hypospadia. 
Hypospasm, hi'po-spazm. Slight spasmodic action. 
Hypospathis'mos or Hypospathismus, hip-o-spath- 
iz'mus (hypo, spathion, ladle or spatula). Ancient 
operation in severe defluxion to the eyes or chronic 
headaches, consisting in incisions made in the scalp 
down to the bone and insertion'of a spatula {spation or 
hypospathister) to enable the parts to be divided. 
Hypospathister, hip-o-spath-is'ter. See Hypo- 
spathismos. 
Hyposphagma, hip-o-sfag'mah {hypo, sphazo, to 
kill). Coagulated blood collected when an animal is 
killed; used for food. Effusion of blood, especially 
under the conjunctiva. Haem ophthalmia. 
Hyposphenal (hi-po-sfe'nal) bone. Presphenoid or 
basisphenoid bone of fishes. 
Hyposphinxis, hip-o-sfinks'is {hypo, sphinxis, con- 
striction). Ligation applied from beneath. 
Hypostaphyle, hip-o-staf'il-e {hypo, staphule, uvula). 
Relaxation and tumefaction of the uvula; staphyl- 
cedema. 
Hypostaphylitls, hip-o-staf-il-e'tis {hypostaphyle). 
Slight inflammation of the uvula. 
Hypostasis, hip-os'tas-is {hypo, stasis, act of placing). 
A morbid deposition. Sediment. Passive congestion 
or venous hypersemia from dependent position. Sup- 
pression of morbid humors. Abscess. H., cadav'eric, 
venous by per gem ia from gravity noticed in the dead 
body. H., pul'monary or pulmo'num, hypostatic 
hypersemia or congestion of the lungs. 
Hypostatic, hi-po-stat'ik {hypo, stasis, stagnation). 
Relating to hypostases, sediments, or depositions. H. 
congestion, hypostasis ; hypostatic hypersemia. H. 
hyperse'mia, congestion of blood in vessels of a part 
from depending position. H. pneumo'nia, inflam- 
mation and passive congestion of the lungs at their 
lower portions. 
Hypostema, hip-o-ste'mah. Hypostasis; sediment. 
Hypostenoma, hip-o-sten-o'mah {hypo, stenos, nar- 
row). Slight contraction or narrowness. 
Hypostenosis, hip-o-sten-o'sis (same etymon). De- 
velopment of slight narrowness or contraction. 
Hyposteoma, hip-os-te-o'mah. Hypostoma. 
Hyposternal, hi-po-stur'nal. Under the sternum. 
H. bone, epihyal bone of fishes. 
Hyposthenia, hip-o-sthen-e'ah {hypo, sthenos, 
strength). Debility. 
Hyposthenic, hip-o-sthen'ik. Debilitated ; contra- 
stimulant or sedative. Medicine that reduces the 
action of the heart without disturbing its regular beat. 
Hypostoma, hip-os-to'ma {hypo, osteon, bone). Bony 
tumor on inferior surface of bone. 
Hypostome, hi'pos-tome. Hypostoma. 
Hypostosis, hip-os-to'sis. Development of hypos- 
toma. 
Hypostroma, hip-o-stro'mah. Mycelium of certain 
fungi. 
Hypostrophe (hip-os'tro-fe) or Hypostro'phia {hypo, 
strepho, to turn). Act of patient in turning himself. 
Restlessness. Relapse or return of a disease. Retro- 
version. 
Hypostypsis, hip-o-stip'sis {hypo, stupsis, contrac- 
tion). Mild astringency. 
Hypostyptic, hi-po-stip'tik {hypo, stupsis, constric- 
tion). Feeble astringent. 
561 
HYPOXANTHINE 
Hyposulphis, hi-po-sul'fis. Hyposulphite. H. cal'- 
cicus, hyposulphite of lime. H. na'tricus or so'di- 
cus, sodium hyposulphite. 
Hyposulphite, hip-o-sul'fite. Salt formed by union 
of hyposulphurous acid with a base, as oxide of so- 
dium, of calcium, etc. See Sulphurous acid. 
Hyposynergia, hip-o-sin-er-je'ah (hypo, sunergia, co- 
operation). Defective co-ordination; defective com- 
bination of muscular actions. 
Hyposyphilis, hip-o-sif'il-is. Mild form of syphilis. 
Hyposystolia, hip-o-sis-tol'e-ah. Defective systole 
of the heart, noticed sometimes in advanced stages 
of heart disease. 
Hypotarsus, hip-o-tar'sus. Calcaneum of some 
birds. 
Hypotasis, hip-ot'as-is (stretching under). Spread- 
ing anything, as a sheet or rubber cloth, beneath a 
patient. 
Hypotaurium, hip-o-taur'e-um. Perinseum. 
Hypothema, hip-o-the'mah (hypo, tithemi, to place). 
Suppository. 
Hypothenar, hip-oth'en-ar (thenar, palm of hand) or 
H. eminence. Fleshy projection of the palmar surface 
of the hand, corresponding with the little finger, and 
supported by the fifth metacarpal bone; it is formed 
of the palmaris brevis, adductor or flexor brevis 
minimi digiti, and opponens minimi digiti muscles. 
Name also given to different muscles of the hand; 
hypothenar minimi digiti includes abductor, flexor 
brevis, and opponens minimi digiti; hypothenar 
pollicis corresponds to the abductor and a portion of 
the flexor brevis pollicis. Eminence at ulnar edge of 
the palm. H. auricula're, H. minimi digiti. H. ma'- 
jus, H. eminence. H. min'imi dig'iti, flexor parvus 
minimi digiti. H. mi'nor metacar'peus, abductor 
minimi digiti. H. pol'licis, abductor pollicis. H. 
Riola'ni, flexor parvus minimi digiti. 
Hypothermal, hi-po-thur'mal (hypo, therme, heat). 
Moderately warm; tepid. 
Hypothermic, hi-po-thur'mik (same etymon). Hy- 
pothermal ; relating to depression of temperature, as 
of the body. 
Hypothesis, hip-oth'es-is (hypo, under, tithemi, to 
place). Supposition; theory. 
Hypotheton (hip-oth'et-on) or Hypoth'etum (hypo, 
tithemi, to place). Suppository. 
Hypothymiama, hip-o-thim-e-am'ah. Fumigation. 
Hypothymiasls, hip-o-thim-e-as'is (hypo, thumiao, 
to fumigate). Act of fumigation. 
Hypo'tion or Hypotium, hip-o'she-um (hypo, ous, 
ear). Plaster applied behind or under the ear. 
Hypotony, hi-pot'on-e (hypo, tonos, tone or tension). 
Diminished tone or tension, as within the eyeball. 
Hypotrope, hip-ot'ro-pe (hypo, trepo, to turn). Ee- 
lapse. 
Hypotrophy, hip'ot-ro-fe (hypo, trophe, nourish- 
ment). Scanty nourishment or nutrition; atrophy. 
Hypotropiasmus, hip-o-trop-e-az'mus (hypo, trepo, 
to turn). Eelapse, 
Hypotropic, hi-po-trop'ik (same etymon). Ee- 
lapsing. 
Hypotrygus, hip-ot'rig-us (hypo, trux, lees). Fecu- 
lent. 
Hypotympanic, hi-po-tim-pan'ik. Beneath the 
tympanum, as hypotympanic bone. 
Hypourocrinia, hip-o-u-ro-krin'e-ah (hypo, ouron, 
urine, krino, to separate). Diminution of urinary 
secretion. 
Hypourrhcea, hip-o-ur-rhe'a (hypo, rheo, to flow). 
Diminution of flow or of secretion of urine. 
Hypouterotopia, hip-o-u-ter-o-top'e-ah (hypo, uterus, 
topos, place). Prolapse of the uterus. 
Hypovenosity, hi-po-ve-nos'it-e. Defective venous 
supply, or defective development of the venous sys- 
tem. 
Hypoxaemia, hip-o-ze'me-ah (hypo, oxygen, haima, 
blood). Deficient oxygenation of blood; asphyxia 
from defective oxygenation of blood. 
Hypoxanthine, hi-po-zan'theen. C5H4N4O. Leu- 
comaine of spleen, brain, muscles, marrow of bone, 
etc., occurring in leucocythsemia etc., in blood and HYPOXIS 
urine, in nuclein of pus and red corpuscles, in plants, 
seeds, etc. See Leucoma'ines (table). 
Hypoxis (hip-oks'is) or Hypoxys erecta, hip-oks'is 
e-rek'tah {hypo, oxus, sharp). Stargrass; indigenous; 
root is eaten, and has been used as a vulnerary, and 
in chronic ulcers, ague, and low fevers. 
Hypozo'a. Protozoa. 
Hypozoma, hip-o-zo'mah (hypo, zonnumi, to bind 
round). Membrane or septum, as the mediastinum, 
diaphragm, etc. 
Hypseloglossus, hip-sel-o-glos'sus. Basioglossus. 
Hypsicephaly, hip-se-sef'al-e (hupsos, height, 
kephale, head). Having a high skull; having vertical 
index over 75.1°. Such head is said to be Hypsicephal'ic. 
Hypsicranium, hip-se-kran'e-um (hupsos, height, 
fcranion, cranium). Hypsicephaly; also measurement 
of cranium having ratio of length to height of 82.5° 
to 90.4°. 
Hypsilodes (hip-sil-o'dees) os (Greek letter Y). Hy- 
oid bone. 
Hyp silogios sus, hip-sil-o-glos'sus. Hyoglossus. 
Hyp'siloid. Hyoid. 
Hypsocephaly, hip-so-sef'al-e. Hypsicephaly. 
Hypson'osos or Hypsonosus, hip-son'os-us (hupsos, 
height, nosos, disease). Mountain sickness, especially 
of S. America; puna. 
Hypsophobia, hip-so-fo'be-ah (hupsos, height, phobos, 
fear). Dread of high places. 
Hypsophonous, hip-so-fo'nus (hupsos, height, phone, 
voice). One having a clear high voice. 
Hypsopisthius, hip-so-pis'the-us. Term applied to 
crania in which a line projected from hormion to 
lambda makes an angle with radius fixus of 33.5° to 
41°. 
Hypsosis, hip-so'sis. Sublimation; elevation, as of 
the arms. 
Hyptiasma, hip-te-az'mah (huptiazo, to lie with 
the face upward). Supination. 
Hyptiasmus, hip-te-az'mus. In a supine posture; 
inversion of the stomach, as in nausea or vomiting. 
Hyp'tis. Plant of Brazil and Uruguay, genus 
Labiate. H. capita'ta, infusion of leaves of W. 
Indies, used as aromatic, as are also H. ebracteata, H. 
radiata, and H. suaveolens, all having the same habitat. 
Hypulus, hip-u'lus (hypo, oule, cicatrix). Imper- 
fectly cicatrized. 
Hyraceum, he-ras'e-um. Evacuation from klipdas 
or hyrax capensis, or coney; in smell and medical 
properties resembling castor, and used in Cape Colony 
in nervous and spasmodic affections. 
Hyrax capensis, he'raks kap-en'sis. Cape rabbit or 
badger. See Hyraceum. 
Hysgine, his-je'na (husginos, scarlet). Scarlet fever. 
Hyssop, his'sop. Hyssopus. H., hedge, Gratiola 
officinalis. 
Hyssopin, his'sop-in. Salifiable base discovered in 
hyssop. 
Hyssopites, his-sop-e'tees. Diuretic wine, of which 
hyssop was the chief ingredient. 
Hyssopus, his-so'pus. Common hyssop; aromatic, 
stimulant, sudorific, and pectoral in the form of infu- 
sion. H. officina'lis or officina'rum, hyssopus. 
Hystera, his'ter-ah. Uterus; secundines. The 
vulva. H. diadel'pha, double uterus. 
Hysteralgia, his-ter-al'je-ah {hystero, algos, pain). 
Pain in the uterus; neuralgia of the uterus; irritable 
uterus. See Metralgia. H. cancro'sa, uterine pain 
due to cancer. H. catarrha'lis, H. from endometritis; 
raetrorrheuma. H. erethis'tica, spasmodic uterine 
pain. H. galac'tica, phlegmasia alba dolens. H. 
lochia'lls, dyslochia. H. menstrua'lis, dysmenor- 
rhoea. H. rheumat'ica, rheumatism of the uterus. 
H. scirrho'sa, H. cancrosa. 
Hysteranesis, his-ter-an'es-is (hystero, anesis, relax- 
ation). Relaxation of the uterus, especially of the 
fundus. 
Hysterapopnixis, his-ter-ap-o-niks'is (hystero, apo, 
pnigo, to strangle). Nervous quinsy; globus hys- 
tericus. See Angone. 
Hysteratresia, his-ter-at-ra'ze-ah (hystero, atretos, 
jmperforate). Imperforation of the os uteri or cervix. 
562 
! HYSTERISM 
Hysterectomy, his-ter-ek'to-me (hystero, ektome, ex- 
cision). Excision of the whole uterus; when through 
the abdominal wall, abdominal hysterectomy; when 
through the vagina, vaginal hysterectomy. H., Csesa'- 
rean, Porro's operation; obphoro-hysterectomy or 
ovario-hysterectomy. Modification of the Csesarean 
operation, the uterus and its contents and ovaries 
being removed, division being made through the cer- 
vix, and the stump clamped. In the Porro-Miiller 
operation the uterus is drawn out through the ab- 
dominal incision, an elastic ligature placed around 
the cervix at the level of the internal os uteri, the 
uterus opened by incision, and the foetus thus de- 
livered. 
Hysterelcosis, his-ter-el-ko'sis (fiystero, helkos, ul- 
cer). Ulceration of the uterus. 
Hysterelosis, his-ter-el-o'sis (hystero, eileo, to turn). 
Hysteroloxia. 
Hysteremphysema, his-ter-em-fe-ze'mah. Uterine 
tympanites. See Physometra, 
Hysteria, his-te're-ah (hustera, uterus). Vapors, 
Hysterics, Hysteric fit, Mother. A species of neurosis, 
so called because reputed to have its seat in the 
uterus (hystera). The name Oophoria has been applied 
to it under the belief that it is due to ovarian in- 
fluences. It generally occurs in paroxysms, the chief 
characters of which consist in alternate fits of laughing 
and crying, with a sensation as if a ball-bolus hys- 
tericus-is ascending from the hypogastrium toward 
the stomach, chest, and neck, producing a sense of 
strangulation. There are sometimes loss of conscious- 
ness (although the presence of consciousness generally 
distinguishes it from epilepsy) and convulsions. Hys- 
teria appears to depend upon irregularity of nervous 
distribution in very impressible persons, and is not 
confined to women ; well-marked discs are occasion- 
ally met with in men. No legion of the central ner- 
vous system has been discovered. During the fit 
dashing cold water on the face, stimulants applied to 
the nose or exhibited internally, and antispasmodics 
form the therapeutical agents. Exercise, tranquillity 
of mind, and agreeable occupations are prophylactics. 
Chronic paroxysmal cough-hysterical cough-fre- 
quently occurs, seeming to be a convulsion of the 
muscles of the larynx and diaphragm, resembling the 
cough excited by inhalation of chlorine and other 
gases. See Mania, dancing. H. catalep'tica, cata- 
lepsy. H., cer'ebral, form of hysteria simulating 
cerebral disease or apoplexy. H., epilep'tiform or 
epilep'toid, hystero-epilepsy. H. major, hystero- 
epilepsy. H. va'ga, hysteria. 
Hysterias (his-ter'e-as) or Hysteriasis, his-ter-e'as- 
is. Hysteria. 
Hyster'ic. Hysterical. H. au'ra, aura accompany- 
ing hysteria. H. globe, see Hysteria and Globus hys- 
tericus. H. insanity, mania, hysterical. H. nail, 
clavus hystericus. H. pas'sion, hysteria. H. spasm, 
hysteria. 
Hysterica, his-ter'ik-ah. Female affected with 
nymphomania or with strong sexual desires. 
Hysterical, his-ter'ik-al. Vaporish; vaporing; 
relating to or affected with hysteria. H. chore'a, see 
Chorea. H. cough, see Hysteria. 
Hystericism, his'ter-i-sizm. Group of special phys- 
ical and mental phenomena characteristic of hys- 
teria. 
Hystericcedema, his-ter-is-e-de'mah. Hysterical 
oedema; phantom tumor. 
Hysterics, his-ter'iks. Popular name for an attack 
of hysteria. 
Hysteriencephalitis, his-ter-e-en-sef-al-e'tis. Form 
of inflammation of the brain said to occur after re- 
peated attacks of hysteria. 
Hysteriform (his'ter-i-form). Resembling hysteria. 
Hyste'rioid. Hysteriform. 
Hysterionica (his-ter-e-on'ik-ah) or Hysteron'ica. 
Plant indigenous in Chile; used in affections of the 
stomach and bowels and of the air-passages, and in 
cystitis. 
Hysteriotomy, his-ter-e-ot'o-me. Hysterotomy. 
Hysterism, his'ter-ism. Hystericism; hysteria. HYSTERITES 
Hysterites, his-ter-e'tees. Hydrometra. 
Hysteritis, his-ter-e'tis. Inflammation of the womb. 
Hystero, his'ter-o. In composition, uterus. 
Hysterobubonocele, his-ter-o-bu-bon-o-se'le (Eng. 
his-ter-o-bu-bon'o-seel) (hystero, bubonocele, inguinal 
hernia). Inguinal hernia involving the uterus. 
Hysterocarcinoma, his-ter-o-kar-sin-o'mah. Car- 
cinoma of the uterus. 
Hysterocatalepsy, his-ter-o-kat'al-ep-se. Hysteria 
complicated with catalepsy. 
Hysterocele, his-ter-o-se'le (Eng. his'ter-o-seel) 
(hystero, kele, hernia). Hernia of the womb, a rare 
disease. The womb may protrude through the ingui- 
nal or the crural canal, or through the lower part 
of the linea alba. H. nu'da, prolapsus uteri. 
Hysterochloasma, his-ter-o-klo-az'mah. Chloasma 
dependent upon uterine disease. 
Hysterocleisis, his-ter-o-kli'sis (hystero, kleisis, 
occlusion). Jobert's operation for occlusion in 
vesico-vaginal fistula by suture of the lips of the 
womb. 
Hysterocnesmus, his-ter-o-nes'mus (hystero, knes- 
ma. itching). Pruritus of the uterus or genitals. 
Hysterocolic, his-ter-o-kol'ik. Uterine colic. See 
Colica uterina. 
Hysterocran'ion or Hysterocranium, his-ter-o- 
kran'e-um (husteros, behind, kranion, cranium). Occi- 
put. 
Hysterocyesis, his-ter-o-se-a'sis (hystero, kuo, to be 
pregnant). Uterine pregnancy. 
Hysterocystic, his-ter-o-sis'tik (hystero, kustis, blad- 
der). Relating to the uterus and bladder. 
Hysterocystocele, his-ter-o-sis-to-se'le (Eng. his- 
ter-o-sis'to-seel) (hystero, kustis, bladder, kele, tumor). 
Hernia of the uterus complicated with displacement 
of the bladder. 
Hysterocystokleisis, his-ter-o-sis-to-kli'sis (hystero, 
kustis, bladder, kleisis, occlusion). Bozeman's opera- 
tion for turning the cervix of the uterus into the 
bladder in vesico-utero-vaginal fistula. 
Hysterodexnonopathy, his-ter-o-de-mon-op'ath-e. 
Demonomania of hysterical women. 
Hysterodynamometer, his-ter-o-di-nam-om'et-ur 
(hystero, dunamis, power, metron, measure). Instru- 
ment or apparatus for measuring the force of uterine 
contractions. 
Hysterodynla, his-ter-o-din'e-ah (hystero, odune, 
pain). Hysteralgia. 
Hysteroedema, his-ter-e-de'mah (hystero, oidema, 
swelling). Hydrometra. 
Hystero-ephelkosis, his'ter-o-ef-el-ko'sis (hystero, 
epi, upon, helko, to draw). Bozeman's operation of 
drawing down the uterus to assist in closing fissures 
or ruptured septa. 
Hystero-epilepsy, his'ter-o-ep'il-ep-se. Hysteria 
complicated with epileptiform convulsions and other 
nervous phenomena; oophoro-epilepsy of the female. 
Hys'tero-epileptog'enous. Producing hysteria and 
epilepsy. H.-e. points, foci of hypersesthesia in 
hystero-epilepsy. 
Hysterogenic, his-ter-o-jen'ik (hystero, gennao, to 
produce). Producing hysteria. In susceptible per- 
sons local pressure will sometimes produce hysterical 
symptoms. H. zones, foci of hyperaesthesia in hys- 
tero-epilepsy. 
Hysteroid (his'ter-oid) or Hysteroid'al (hysteria, 
eidos, resemblance). Resembling hysteria. 
Hysterokleisis, his-ter-o-kli'sis. Hysterocleisis. 
Hysterolaparotomy, his-ter-o-lap-ar-ot'o-me (hys- 
tero, lapara, flanks, tome, incision). Removal of the 
uterus by incision through the abdomen ; abdominal 
hysterectomy. 
Hysterolith, his'ter-o-lith (hystero, lithos, stone). 
Calculus of the uterus. 
Hysterolithiasis, his-ter-o-lith-e'as-is (same ety- 
mon). Formation of uterine calculus. 
Hysterology, his-ter-ol'o-je (hystero, logos, descrip- 
tion). Treatise on, or anatomy of, the uterus. 
Hysteroloxia, his-ter-o-loks'e-ah (hystero, loxos, ob- 
lique). Oblique position of the uterus occurring 
during pregnancy; anterior anteversion of the uterus 
563 
HYSTERORRHAGIA 
and posterior retroversion of that organ are varieties 
of it. 
Hysteroma, his-ter-o'mah. Fibrous tumor. 
Hysteromalacia (his-ter-o-mal-as'e-ah) or Hystero- 
malaco'ma (hystero, malakia, softness). Softening of 
the uterus, especially during pregnancy, rendering it 
liable to rupture in labor. 
Hysteromalacosis, his-ter-o-mal-ak-o'sis (same ety- 
mon). Production of hysteromalacoma. 
Hysteromania, his - ter - o - man' e - ah. Hysterical 
mania dependent upon irritation of the uterus or 
ovaries; obphomania; nymphomania. 
Hysterometer, his-ter-om'et-ur (hystero, metron, 
measure). Uterine sound. 
Hysterom/etry. Measurement of the uterus. 
Hysteromochlion (his-ter-o-mok'le-on) or Hystero- 
mochlium, his-ter-o-mok'le-um (hystero, mochiion, 
lever). Lever; vectis. 
Hysteromorphous, his-ter-o-morf'us (hystero, mor- 
phe, shape). Having shape of the uterus. 
Hysteromyoma, his-ter-o-me-o'mah. Myomatous 
tumor of the uterus. 
Hysteromyomectomy, his-ter-o-mi-om-ek'to-me 
(hystero, myoma, ektome, excision). Excision of the 
whole or a considerable portion of the uterus above 
the vagina for myoma. 
Hysteromyotomy, his-ter-o-mi-ot'o-me (hystero, my- 
oma, tome, incision). Incision or excision of myoma- 
tous tumor of the uterus, or of the uterus for removal 
of a solid tumor. 
Hys'teron (husteros, later). Placenta. 
Hysteroncus, his-ter-on'kus (hystero, onkos, tumor). 
Tumor or swelling of the uterus. 
Hy steroneuro sis, his-ter-o-nu-ro'sis. Neurosis or 
nervous affection dependent on uterine irritation. 
Hystero-odphorectomy (his'ter-o-o-of-or-ek'to-me) 
or Hys'tero-ovariot'omy (hystero, obphoros, egg-bear- 
ing, for ovarium, ovary, ektome, excision). Operation 
for excision of the uterus and ovaries. H.-o., Caesa'- 
rean, Porro or Porro-Muller operation; see Hyster- 
ectomy. 
Hysteroparalysis, his-ter-o-par-al'is-is. Paralysis 
of the uterus. 
Hysteropathia, his-ter-o-path-e'ah (hystero, pathos, 
affection). Hysteropathy. Disease or suffering in 
the uterus. Hysteria. Deuteropathia. 
Hysterop'athy. See Hysteropathia. 
Hysteropexy, his-ter-op'eks-e (hystera, pexis, fix- 
ation). Operation for fixation of the uterus by suture 
to the anterior wall of the abdomen. 
Hysterophore, his'ter-o-for (hystero, phero, to bear). 
Form of pessary consisting of two oval metal plates 
united by a hinge and approximated by metallic rods. 
Hysterophyma, his-ter-o-fe'mah (Jiystero, phuma, 
swelling). Tumor of the uterus. 
Hysteroph'ysa, Hysteroph'yse, or Hysterophyse'- 
ma (hystero, phuse, wind). Distension of the uterus 
with air; physometra. 
Hysteroplas'ma (hystero, plasma, formation). Model 
of the uterus for demonstration in study or teaching. 
Hysteroplegia, his-ter-o-plej'e-ah (hystero, plege, 
stroke). Paralysis of the uterus. 
Hysteropnix, his'ter-o-niks (hystero, pnix, suffoca- 
tion). Angone; globus hystericus. 
Hysteropolypus, his-ter-o-pol'ip-us. Polypus of the 
uterus. 
Hysteropsellisnrus, his-ter-o-sel-liz'mus (husteros, 
behind, psellismos, stammering). Stammering due to 
laryngeal spasm. 
Hysteropsophia, his-ter-o-sof'e-ah (hystero, psophos, 
sound). Physometra; escape of air from the uterus. 
Hysteropsychosis, his-ter-o-se-ko'sis. Disordered 
intellectual condition sympathetic with uterine irri- 
tation. 
Hysteroptosis, his-ter-o-to'sis (hystero, ptosis, fall). 
Prolapse of the uterus; inversion of the uterus. 
Protrusion of any part of the genital organs or of 
excrescences from them into the genital passages. 
Inversion of the uterus. Falling of the womb. H. 
vagi'nae, prolapsus vaginae. 
Hysterorrhagia, his-ter-or-rhaj'e-ah (hystero, rheg- HYSTERORRHAPHY 
numi, to break forth). See Metrorrhagia. H. san- 
guin'ea, metrorrhagia. 
Hysterorrhaphy, his-ter-or'rhaf-e (hystero, rhaphe, 
suture). Operation for opening the uterus and then 
closing it with suture, as after Caesarean operation; 
hysteropexy. 
Hysterorrhexis, his-ter-or-rheks'is (hystero, rhexis, 
rupture). Rupture of the uterus. 
Hysterorrhoea, his-ter-or-rhe'ah (hystero, rheo, to 
flow). Discharge from the uterus. See Metrorrhagia. 
H. muco'sa, leucorrhcea. 
Hysterorrhoischesis, his-ter-or-rho-isk'es-is (hystero, 
rheo, to flow, schesis, retention). Stoppage of uterine 
discharge. 
Hysterosal'pinx (hystero, salpinx, trumpet). Fallo- 
pian tube. 
Hysteroscirrhus, his-ter-o-skir'rus. Scirrhus of the 
uterus. 
Hysteroscope, his'ter-o-skope (hystero, skopeo, to 
view). Metallic mirror for inspecting the state of the 
os uteri, throwing light to the bottom of a speculum 
uteri. 
Hysterospasm, his'ter-o-spasm (hystero, spasmos, 
spasm). Spasm of the uterus ; hysterical spasm. 
Hysterostoma, his-ter-os'to-mah (hystero, stoma, 
mouth). External os uteri. 
Hysterostomatome, his-ter-o-stom'a-tome (hystero- 
stoma, external os uteri, tome, incision). Instrument 
for dividing the os or cervix uteri when it is import- 
ant to deliver immediately, as in case of convulsions. 
The operation is called Hysterostomatotomy. See Hys- 
terotomus. 
Hysterostom'ium (hystero, stoma, mouth). Os uteri. 
Hysterosynizesis, his-ter-o-sin-iz-a'sis (hystero, suni- 
zesis, sitting together). Adhesion of the uterus to a 
neighboring organ; occlusion of the uterus. 
Hysterotokot'omy (hystero, tokos, parturition, tome, 
section). Caesarean section. 
564 
HYSTRIX 
Hysterotome, his'ter-o-tome (hystero, tome, section). 
See Hysterotomus. 
Hysterotomotocia (his-ter-o-to-mo-to'she-ah) or 
Hysterotomotokia, his-ter-o-to-mo-tok'e-ah (hystero, 
tome, section, tokos, parturition). Caesarean section. 
Hysterotomus, his-ter-ot'om-us (hystero, tome, sec- 
tion). Hysterotome, metrotome, uterotome; instru- 
ment for dividing the womb through the vagina; a 
kind of bistouri cache, intended to divide the cervix 
and os uteri. Hysterostomatome. 
Hysterotomy, his-ter-ot'o-me. Caesarean section; 
dissection of the uterus; division of the cervix uteri. 
H., abdom'inal, Caesarean section. H., Caesa'rean, 
Caesarean section. H., vagi'nal, incision of the uterus 
through the vagina. 
Hysterotrachelorraphy, his-ter-o-trak-el-or'rhaf-e 
(hystero, trachelos, neck, rhaphe, suture). Operation 
for laceration of the cervix by freshening the edges 
of the wound and bringing them in apposition; Em- 
met's operation. See Emmet. 
Hysterotrachelotomy, his-ter-o-trak-el-ot'o-me (hys- 
tero, trachelos, neck, tome, incision). Incision of the 
cervix uteri. 
Hysterotraumatism, his-ter-o-trau'ma-tizm (hystero, 
trauma, wound). Hysteria following injury. 
Hysterotrismus, his-ter-o-triz'mus (hystero, triso, to 
gnash the teeth). Spasmodic contraction of the 
uterus, especially of its mouth. 
Hysterum, his'ter-um. Hysteron. 
Hystremphysema, his-trem-fe-ze'mah. Physome- 
tra. 
Hystriasis (his-tre'as-is) or Hystriciasis, his-tris-e'- 
as-is (hustrix, hedgehog or porcupine). Porcupine 
disease; disease of the hairs in which they stand 
erect like the quills of the porcupine; trichosis sito- 
sa; ichthyosis hystrix. 
Hystricism, his'tre-sizm. Ichthyosis hystrix. 
Hystrix, his'triks. Ichthyosis hystrix. IAMA 
565 
ICHTHYOL 
I. 
lama, e-am'ah (remedy). Medicament; cure. 
lamatology, e-am-at-ol'o-je (iama, logos, discourse). 
Materia medica and therapeutics. 
lamatosyntaxiologia, e-am-at-o-sin-taks-e-o-loj'e-ah 
(iama, suntaxis, arrangement, logos, discourse). Science 
of prescribing. See Prescription. 
lamatosyntaxis, e-am-at-o-sin-taks'is. Preparation 
of medicines. See Composition. 
lamatotaxiologia, e-am-at-o-taks-e-o-loj'e-ah. See 
Prescription. 
lasimus, e-as'im-us (iasimos, curable). Curable. 
lasis, e-as'is (iasis, cure). Curation; mode of treat- 
ment. 
later, e-at'ur. Physician. 
lateria, e-at-a're-ah. Medicine; therapeutics. 
laterius, e-at-a're-us. Medicinal. 
latoria, e-at-o're-ah. Therapeutics. 
latos, e'at-os. Curable. 
latraleiptes, e-at-rah-leip'tees. latraleptes. 
latraleiptic, e-at-rah-leip'tik. See latraleiptice. 
latraleiptice (e-at-rah-leip'te-se) or latralip'tice 
(iatro, aleipho, to anoint). latraleiptic or iatraliptic 
method. Method of treating diseases adopted by the 
latraleptes-that is, by friction chiefly. 
latraleptes (e-at-rah-lep'tees), latraliptes (e-at-rah- 
lip'tees), latralip'ta, or latraleip'tes (same etymon). 
One who treats diseases by unguents, frictions, and 
external means generally. 
latraleptic, e-at-rah-lep'tik. See latraleiptice. 
Iatraliptic (e-at-rah-lip'tik) meth'od. latraleiptice. 
latraliptice, e-at-rah-lip'te-se. latraleiptice. 
latraliptics, e-at-rah-lip'tiks. latraleiptice. 
latreia, e-at-ri'ah. Medical treatment. 
latreion (e-at-ri'on), latreium (e-at-ri'um), lat're- 
on, or lat'reum. Physician's office; cost of medical 
attendance. 
latreusiology, e-at-ru-se-ol'o-je (iatreusis, exercise 
of art of healing, logos, description). Science of the 
exercise of the healing art. 
Iatreusis, e-at-ru'sis. Exercise of the healing art. 
latria, e-at-re'ah. Medicine or medical treatment. 
Female medical practitioner. 
latric, e-at'rik. Medical. Fourth or ring-finger. 
latrice, e-at'ris-e. Medical treatment. 
latrine, e-at-re'ne. Woman practitioner of medi- 
cine ; doctress; midwife. 
latrion, e-at-re'on. House or office of a physician 
or surgeon. Physician's fee or honorarium. 
latrochemia (e-at-ro-kem-e'ah) or latrochymi'a. 
Medical chemistry. 
latrochemist, e-at-ro-kem'ist. Physician with pref- 
erence for, or special knowledge of, chemistry. 
latrognomonica, e-at-ro-nom-on'ik-ah (iatros, gig-, 
nosko, to know). Knowledge of medical objects or 
properties of remedies. 
latroleiptes, e-at-ro-leip'tees. latraleptes. 
latrology, e-at-rol'o-je (iatros, logos, description). 
Treatise on physic or physicians. Science of medicine. 
latromantia, e-at-ro-man-te'ah (iatros, manteia, divi- 
nation). Divination by drugs. 
latromantis, e-at-ro-man'tis (iatros, manteia, divina- 
tion). Physician who is a soothsayer. 
latromathematical (e-at-ro-math-e-mat'ik-'l) phy- 
sicians. Physicians believing that mathematics 
is the basis of medicine, who flourished about the 
middle of the seventeenth century. Borelli was the 
founder of the sect. 
latromechanical, e-at-ro-mek-an'i-kal. Tatromathe- 
matical. 
latron, e-a'tron. latrion. 
latrophysics, e-at-ro-fis'iks. Medical physics. 
Iatros, e-at'ros. Physician or surgeon. 
latrosophist, e-at-ro-sof'ist (iatros, sophistes, one 
skilled in art or science). A learned or thoroughly 
educated physician. 
latrotechna (e-at-ro-tek'nah) or latrotech'nes 
(iatros, techne, art). Practical physician or surgeon. 
latrotechnice (e-at-ro-tek'nis-e) or latrotechnics, 
e-at-ro-tek'niks. Art of medicinal therapeutics. 
latrus, e-at'rus. Physician or surgeon. 
Iberis, ib-e'ris. Lepidium iberis. I. ama'ra, Wild 
or Bitter candytuft, Clown's mustard, Sciatica cress, 
from Iberia, where it is indigenous. Small herbace- 
ous plant, indigenous in Europe; acronarcotic, and also 
employed in gout, rheumatism, etc. The seeds have 
been used in asthma, bronchitis, and dropsy. I. bur'- 
sa pasto'ris, Thlaspi bursa. I. campes'tris, Thlaspi 
campestre. I. semperflo'rens, broad-leaved and pur- 
ple annual candytuft of S. Europe. Seeds are diu- 
retic and expectorant. I. sophi'a, Cardamine pra- 
tensis. 
Ibicuiba, ib-e-ku-e'bah. Becuiba, Becuiba nut. Bra- 
zilian nut, the emulsive kernel of which is balsamic. 
Ibis, i'bis. Bird held sacred by the Egyptians. 
When sick, it was wont to inject the water of the Nile 
into its fundament; whence, according to Langius, 
was learned the use of glysters. 
Ibischa mismalva (ib-is'ka mis-mal'vah) orlbiscus, 
ib-is'kus. Althaea. 
Ibixu'ma. Saponaria. 
Icaja. Ordeal poison of Africa, poisonous alkaloid 
from which, called Icajin, somewhat resembles bru- 
cine. See Akazga. 
Ice. Frozen water. Iced water is much used 
internally, as the best refrigerant in fever and to 
check nausea; also applied externally in internal in- 
flammations, as well as in phrenitic and hernial affec- 
tions, etc., in the form of the ice. cap, ice cataplasm, 
ice compress, or ice poultice, formed by half filling a 
bladder or rubber bag with pounded ice. 
Ice'land moss. Lichen islandicus or Cetraria islan- 
dica. 
Ice'plant. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum; 
Monotropa uniflora; tetragonia. 
Ichnocarpus (ik-no-karp'us) Afzel'lii or frutes'- 
cens. Species of genus Apocynaceae, growing in 
India and Ceylon; alterative and cathartic. 
Ichnos, ik'nos. Foot; sole of the foot; heel. 
Ichor, ik'or. Serum of the blood; thin, aqueous, 
and acrid discharge; corrupted humor; pus. 
Ichorhaemia (ik-or-he'me-ah) or Ichorse'mia. 
Ichorrhaemia. 
Ichoroides, ik-or-o-e'dees (ichor, eidos, resemblance). 
Ichorous. 
Ichorous, ik'or-us. Belonging to or resembling 
ichor. 
Ichorrhaemia, ik-or-rhe'me-ah (ichor, haima, blood). 
Constitutional effects of absorption of septic matters 
in the circulation. See Pysemia and Septeemia. 
Ichorrhcea, ik-or-rhe'ah (ichor, rheo, to flow). Ichor- 
ous discharge. 
Ichthiasis, ik-the'as-is. Ichthyosis. 
Ich'thin or Ich'thidin. Albuminous matter ob- 
tained from fishes. 
Ichthya, ik'the-ah (fish-hook). Blunt hook. 
Ichthyiasis, ik-the-e'as-is. Ichthyosis. 
Ichthyo, ik'the-o (ichthus, fish). In composition, 
fish. 
Ichthyocolla, ik-the-o-kol'lah (ichthyo, kolla, glue). 
Isinglass, fishglue ; dried swimming-bladder or sound 
of acipenser huso and other species of fish, which is 
almost wholly composed of gelatin, and is employed 
in medicine in the formation of nutritive jellies, and 
occasionally in anatomical injections. English court- 
plaster is made with it. In Russia isinglass is also 
obtained from Siluris glanis. 
Ichthyoid, ik'the-oid. Fish-like, as ichthyosis. 
Ichthyol, ik'the-ol (ichthus, fish, oleum, oil). Ammo- 
nium sulpho-ichthyolate; clear, yellowish-brown oil 
distilled from bituminous shale in which are semi- ICHTHYOLOGY 
fossilized remains of fishes, in the Tyrol especially. It 
contains 3 to 10 per cent, of sulphur. It is anodyne, 
astringent, tonic to the stomach and kidneys, and 
resolvent; used externally in rheumatism, gynecology, 
skin diseases, erysipelas, ulcers, gout, etc., and as a 
discutient. It is combined, for external use, with 
lanolin, olive oil, glycerin, collodion, chloroform, 
etc. The dose internally is 2 to 4 minims. 
Ichthyology, ik-the-ol'o-je (ichthus, fish, logos, de- 
scription). Description of fishes. 
Ichthyoph'agi or Ichthyophagists, ik-the-of 'a-jists 
(ichthyo, phago, to eat). People who feed habitually 
on fish. 
Ichthyophagous, ik-the-of'a-gus. Fish-eating. 
Ichthyophagy, ik-the-of'a-je. Habitual eating of 
fish. 
Ichthyosis, ik-the-o'sis (ichthus, fish, from resem- 
blance of the scales to those of a fish). Porcupine 
disease, fish-skin disease; permanently harsh, dry, 
scaly, and, in some cases, almost horny texture of the 
integuments of the body from thickening of the epi- 
dermis and elongation of the papillae, unconnected 
with internal disorder; it usually occurs in very early 
life. I. congen'ita, congenital form of the disease, 
with thickened corneous plates; usually soon fatal. 
I. cor'nea, I. with thick, horny scales. I. fa'ciei, sebor- 
rhoea oleosa; I. hystrix; cornu cutaneum. I. fceta'lis, 
I. congenita. I. follicula'ris, I. characterized by 
prominent adherent horny elevations, somewhat like 
lichen pilaris. I. hys'trix, true porcupine disease 
with horny spines; I. cornea. I., intra-u'terine, I. 
congenita. I. lin'guse, fissured tongue, with hyper- 
trophied papillae, often syphilitic; leucoplakia bucca- 
lis. I. ni'gricans, form of i. with blackish scales. I. 
nit'ida, form of the disease having pearl-like scales. 
I. pel'lagra, pellagra. I. sauroder'ma, form of i. sim- 
plex like lizard-skin. I. seba'cea, sebaceous ichthyo- 
sis ; seborrhoea; morbid incrustation of a concrete 
sebaceous substance-seborrhoea-upon the surface 
of the epidermis, confounded with ichthyosis, to 
which it bears a close resemblance. I. serpenti'na, 
I. of the extremities particularly, resembling scales 
of a serpent. I. sim'plex, form of i. devoid of con- 
stitutional disturbance; xeroderma. I. spu'ria, I. 
sebacea. I. stria'ta, form of i. with separation of 
large masses of scales. I. ve'ra, xeroderma ichthy- 
o'ides. I. vul'vse, elephantiasis of the vulva. 
Ichthyosma, ik-the-oz'mah (ichthyo, osme, smell). 
Sarcophyte. 
Ichthyosul'phonate. Combination of ichthyol and 
sulphonic acid. I. of so'dium, lith'ium, mer'cury, 
and zinc are used as substitutes for ichthyol when it 
is desirable to give the latter in pill form. 
Ichthyotomy, ik-the-ot'o-me (ichthyo, tome, incision). 
Dissection or anatomy of fishes. 
Ichthyotoxicum, ik-the-o-toks'ik-um (ichthyo, toxi- 
con, poison). Fish-poison. 
Ichthysmus, ik-thiz'mus. Poisoning from eating 
fish. 
Idea aracouchini. Aracouchini balsam, extracted 
by incision from this tree in Guiana; used for healing 
wounds. I. caran'na, tree of New Granada yielding 
gum caranna. I. heptaphyVla, incense-wood of 
Guiana, resin from which, called ashyana or hyawa, 
is used for dysentery, bronchitis, and gonorrhoea. I. 
heterophyl'la, Idea aracouchini. I. icicariba, see 
Amyris elemifera. 
Icmakratia, ik-mak-rat-e'ah (ikmas, moisture, akra- 
tia, impotence). Asthenic state of the fluids of the 
body. 
Icon'oscope (eikon, an image, skopeo, to see). In- 
strument for checking binocular parallax; the reverse 
of a telestereoscope. 
Icterencephalotyphus, ik-ter-en-sef-al-o-ti'phus (ik- 
teros, jaundice, enkephalos, brain, typhus'). Typhus 
fever with marked cerebral symptoms and jaundice. 
Icterepati'tis or Icterhepatitis, ik-ter-hep-at-e'- 
tis (ikteros, jaundice, hepatitis, inflammation of liver). 
Inflammation of liver complicated with jaundice. 
Icter'ic. Relating to or resembling icterus; af- 
fected with jaundice; remedy for jaundice. 
566 
(DENTIST 
Icteri'cia or Icteritia, ik-ter-ish'e-ah. Icterus. I. 
al'ba, chlorosis. I. fla'va, icterus. I. ru'bea or 
ru'bra, erysipelas. 
Icteritious, ik-ter-ish'us. Yellowish, as in jaun- 
dice. 
Icterode. Icteric; jaundiced. 
Icteroid, ik'ter-oid. Resembling jaundice. 
Icterophthi'sis. Tuberculosis combined with jaun- 
dice. 
Icterus, ik'ter-us (ikteros, with the ancients a yel- 
low bird, perhaps the oriole). Bilious dyscrasy, Jaun- 
dice, Yellows, Janders, launders. The principal symp- 
tom is yellowness of the skin and eyes, with white 
faeces and high-colored urine, caused by obstruc- 
tion of the course of the bile, so that it is taken into 
the mass of the blood, producing the yellowness of 
surface. The bile being separated by the kidneys 
causes yellowness of urine, and its being prevented 
from reaching the intestine occasions the pale-colored 
faeces. The treatment is simple: an emetic or purga- 
tive given occasionally, so as to solicit the return of 
the bile to its ordinary channels; light tonics; unir- 
ritating diet, etc. I. al'bus, chlorosis. I. ataxicus, 
severe and often fatal form, generally due to acute 
yellow atrophy of liver. I., black, jaundice with 
blackness of skin; mekena; melaemia. I., blood, 
I., haematogenous. I. caeruTeus, blue jaundice; cy- 
anopathy. I., catar'rhal, jaundice consequent on 
cholecystitis, catarrh of the gall-ducts from hyper- 
aemia, irritation from abnormal bile, etc. I. chol'- 
icus, I., hepatogenous. I., feb'rile, Weil's disease. 
I. fla'vus, jaundice. I. gravida'rum, jaundice of 
pregnant women; I. from puerperal septicaemia. I. 
gra'vis, I. ataxicus. I., haematogenlc or haema- 
tog'enous, jaundice due to abnormal secretion of 
bile or coloring matter of bile in the blood, or to 
accumulation of reabsorbed bile. I., hepatic, hepat- 
ogenic, or hepatog'enous, jaundice due to retention 
of bile, or its reabsorption in the liver from obstruc- 
tion to its outlet into the intestines. I. infan'tum, 
yellow gum, yellow gown; affection frequently de- 
pendent upon obstruction of the choledoch duct by 
the meconium; it requires time, and castor oil occa- 
sionally. I. malig'nus, I. ataxicus. I., mechanical, 
I., hepatogenous. I. me'las, black jaundice; melaena. 
I. muco'sus, I. from presence of inspissated mucus. 
I. neonato'rum, I. infantum. I. ni'ger, I., black. 
I. of obstruction, I., hepatogenous. I., pernicious, 
I. gravis. I., red, erythema. I. of retention, I., hep- 
atogenous. I. saturni'nus, lead jaundice; earthy- 
yellow hue in saturnine cachexy. I., traumatic, I. 
due to injury of intestines. I., ty'phoid, I. gravis. 
I. virldis, green jaundice; icterus when the skin is 
of a green or olive hue. 
Ictodes fcetidus, ik-to'dees fe'tid-us. Dracontium 
foetid um ; symplocarpus. 
Ictus, ik'tus (a stroke or blow). Blow or stroke, 
as I. solis, stroke of the sun, coup-de-soleil. Pulsa- 
tion of an artery; sting of a bee or other insect; stab. 
I. cor'dis, impulse of the heart. I. cor'dis et arteria'- 
rum, pulse. I. epilep'tlcus, epileptic attack. I. san'- 
guinis, apoplexy. I. soils, sunstroke. 
Ide'a. Mental conception or representation of an 
object. I., automatic, idea arising without any 
provocation or suggestion from without. I. chase, 
mental state, as in acute mania, in which ideas come 
so rapidly that they seem to chase one another. I., 
fixed, persistent monomania on one fixed subject. 
Ideal, i-de'al. Mental, notional, fancied. I. dis- 
eases, diseases of the imagination. 
Ideales, id-e-al'ees. Affections of the mental facul- 
ties. 
Ideation, i-de-a'shun. Cerebration. Establishment 
of a distinct mental representation or idea of an ob- 
ject. Ideational insanity is unsoundness of mind 
exhibited in delusions and mental alienation. 
Idenlical points. Points in the retinae of both 
eyes which correspond. 
Identlst. One who considers the virus of gonor- 
rhoea and of hard and soft chancre to be one and the 
same. IDEO-DYNAMIC 
Ideo-dynamic, id'e-o-dy-nam'ik. Ideo-motor. 
Ideology, i-de-ol'o-je (idea, logos, discourse). Science 
of the mind; intellectual philosophy. 
Ideomotor, id-e-o-mo'tor. Muscular movement re- 
sulting from complete engrossment by an idea which 
is automatic, although originating in the cerebrum. 
I. cen'tre, portion of gray matter which originates 
movements. 
Ideopegma, id-e-o-peg'mah (idea, pegnumi, to fasten). 
Fixed idea. 
Ideophrenia, id-e-o-fren'e-ah (idea, phren, mind). 
Disordered intellect. 
Ideophrenic. See Idiophrenic. 
Ideoplastic. Term to denote that stage of hyp- 
notism when suggestion becomes action. 
Ideosynchysis, id-e-o-sin'kis-is (idea, sunchusis, con- 
fusion). Delirium. 
Idiacoroiris, id-e-ak-or-o-e'ris (idios, one's own, kore, 
pupil, iris). Formation of artificial pupil. 
Idiapocausis, id-e-ap-o-kau'sis (idio, apokausis, 
burning). Spontaneous combustion. 
Idiempre'sis (idios, one's own, empresis, combus- 
tion). Spontaneous combustion or inflammation. 
Idio, id'e-o. In composition, proper, peculiar. 
Idiocra'sia or Idioc'rasis (idio, krasis, mixture). 
Idiosyncrasy. 
Idioctonia, id-e-ok-ton'e-ah (idio, ktonos, murder). 
Suicide. 
Idiocy, id'e-o-se. Idiotcy; fatuity. Species of un- 
sound mind characterized by more or less complete 
obliteration of the intellect and moral faculties. It 
may supervene on mania and melancholia, when it is 
termed dementia, but commonly depends upon orig- 
inal conformation. It may be symptomatic of organic 
disease of the brain which has come on after birth. It 
may commence during fcetal life, or result from wound 
or injury during or after birth; from chorea or epi- 
lepsy, from hydrocephalus, from faulty conformation, 
as hypertrophy or macrocephalia or microcephalia; 
or the heads may be plagiocephalic or scaphocephalic. 
The physiognomy is usually vacant, step unsteady, 
articulation imperfect. Idiocy is almost always in- 
curable, but may often be palliated. I., develop- 
mental, I. from arrest of brain-development. I., 
epileptic, I. having epilepsy as its cause. I., hyper- 
troph'ic, I. due to hypertrophy of the brain. I., 
plagio-cephal'ic, I. due to malposition or malforma- 
tion of the bones of the face or skull. I., traumat'ic, 
I. from external injury. 
Idiometritis, id-e-o-met-re'tis (idio, metra, uterus. 
Parenchymatous inflammation of the uterus. 
Idiomiasma, id-e-o-me-az'mah (idios, personal, 
miasma, contagion). Personal miasm; effluvia from 
decomposition of matter derived from the human 
body. 
Idiomuscular contractions, id-e-o-mus'ku-lar kon- 
trak'shuns (idios. one's own, musculus). Muscular con- 
traction due to direct blows when other means are 
ineffective. 
Idioneurosis, id-e-o-nu-ro'sis. Simple neurosis with- 
out structural change. 
Idiopathia, id-e-o-path-e'ah (idio, pathos, affection). 
Primary disease; one not depending on any other. 
Idiopathic, id-e-o-path'ik. Primary affections and 
their symptoms are so denominated-idiopathic fever, 
for example. 
Idiop'athy. Idiopathia. 
Idiophrenic, id-e-o-fren'ik (idios, phren, mind). 
Term applied to that form of insanity which is a 
result of cerebral disease. 
Id'ioplasm. That part of protoplasm which has 
the power of transmitting personal peculiarities to 
the offspring. 
Id'iopt (same etymon). One who is color-blind. 
Idioptcy, id-e-opt'se (idio, opsis, vision). Color-blind- 
ness. 
Idiospasm, id'e-o-spazm. Localized spasm. 
Idiosyncrasia, id-e-o-sin-kraz'e-ah. Idiosyncrasy. 
I. hsemorrhag'ica, heematophilia. I. olfacto'ria, per- 
version of sense of smell; parosmia. 
Idiosyncrasy, id-e-o-sin'kras-e (idio, sun, with, 
IL 
lerasis, mixture). Peculiarity of constitution in which 
one person is affected by an agent which in numerous 
others might produce no effect. Thus, shellfish pro- 
duce urticaria in some; others faint at the sight of 
blood, etc. 
Idiot, id'e-ot (idiot es, ignorant person). One who is 
fatuous or does not possess sufficient intellectual fac- 
ulties for the social condition. In law, one who has 
been without understanding from his birth, and whom 
the law presumes to be never likely to attain any. 
I., cre'tinoid, cretin. 
Idiotcy, id'e-ot-se. Idiocy. 
Idiotia, id-e-ot-e'ah. Idiocy. I. endem'ica, cre- 
tinism. 
Idiot'ic. Affected with idiocy. 
Idiotism, id'e-ot-izm. Idiocy. 
Idiotismus, id-e-ot-iz'mus. Idiocy. I. endem'icus, 
cretinism. 
Idiotropia, id-e-o-trop'e-ah (idio, trepo, to turn). 
Idiosyncrasy. 
Ido'lum (eidolon, idea). Hallucination. 
Id'os. Sweating. 
Idroman'ia (idro for hydro}. Mania for suicide by 
drowning. 
Idrosadenitis, id-ros-ad-en-e'tis. See Ilidrosad- 
enitis. 
Idrosis, id-ro'sis (hidros, sweat). Ephidrosis. 
Idrotadenoma, id-rot-ad-en-o'mah. See Hydrosad- 
enitis. 
Idus, id'us. Sweat. 
letrion, e-et-re'on. latrion. 
Igasuria (ig-as-u're-ah) or Igasurine, ig-as-u'rin). 
Alkaloid from nux vomica, found in the mother- 
waters from which strychnia and brucia have been 
precipitated. It is less powerful than strychnia, but 
more so than brucia. 
Igasuric (ig-as-u'rik) acid. Acid existing combined 
with strychnine in nux vomica and St. Ignatius's 
bean. 
Ignatia amara, ig-na'she-ah am-ar'ah (bitter igna- 
tia) (after St. Ignatius, the Jesuits having first 
carried it from the East to Europe). Ord. Apocyna- 
ceae. Systematic name of the plant affording St. 
Ignatius's bean, Faba Indica, F. Sancti Ignatii or 
febrifuga. The seeds of Strychnos Ignatii, Ignatia 
(Ph. U. S.), are bitter and poisonous, containing a 
larger proportion of strychnia than is in nux 
vomica. 
Ignatian'a Philippin'ica. Strychnos Ignatii. 
Ignavia (ig-nav'e-ah) or Ignav'itas (laziness). In- 
ertia. I. par'tium genita'lium, impotence. 
Igneous, ig'ne-us. Relating to fire. 
Ignipedites, ig-ne-ped-e'tees (ignis, fire, pes, foot). 
Hot-foot; burning sensation in soles of feet of sol- 
diers, rheumatic patients, and others. 
Ignipuncture, ig'ne-punk-ture (ignis, fire, puncture). 
Cauterization and puncturation combined. 
Ignis, ig'nis. Fire. I. actuaTis, actual cautery; 
see Cauterium. I. anima'lis, animal heat. I. cal'- 
idus (hot fire), violent inflammation preceding gan- 
grene. I. columel'lae, erysipelas. I. fat'uus, jack- 
o'-lantern. I. frig'idus (cold fire), gangrene. I. nat- 
ura'lis, animal heat. I. occult'us, anthrax. I. 
Per'sicus, anthrax; herpes zoster. I. philosoph'i- 
cus, phosphorus. I. potentials, potential cautery; 
see Cauterium. I. sa'cer, erysipelas; herpes zoster; 
aphthae. I. sa'cer or volat'icus, ignis Sylvaticus. I. 
Sanc'ti Anto'nii, erysipelas; anthrax. I. Sanc'ti Ig- 
na'tii, erysipelas. I. Sylvat'icus or Sylves'tris, 
wildfire rash; porrigo larvalis or crusta lactea or 
strophulus of infants; transient redness of the face 
and neck observed in hysterical and chlorotic fe- 
males. I. vita'lis, animal heat. I. vola'grius or 
volat'icus, I. Sylvaticus. 
Ignya (ig'ne-ah), Ignye (ig'ne-a), or Ignyis, ig'ne- 
is. Posterior part of knee-joint. 
Ik'aja. Akasga. 
Ikota. Form of religious insanity in women in 
Siberia. 
Ikterus, ik'ter-us. Icterus. 
Il, as a prefix. See Im. 
567 1LAPHIS 
Ilaphis, il'af-is. Arctium lappa. 
Ilea, il'e-ah. Flanks. 
Ileac passion, il'e-ak pash'un. Ileus. 
Ileadelphus, il-e-ad-elf'us {ileum, adelphos, brother). 
Double monster united at the pelvis and below. 
Ileitis, il-e-e'tis. Inflammation of the ileum. I. 
pustolo'sa, typhoid fever. 
Ileo, il'e-o. In composition, ileum or ilium. 
Ileocaecal, il-e-o-se'k'l. Eelating to the ileum and 
caecum. I. folds, duplicature of peritoneum passing 
from mesentery to caecum. I. fos'sse, small pouches 
of peritoneum where ileum and caecum unite. I. 
recess', inferior ileocaecal fossa. I. valve, valve com- 
posed of folds of mucous membrane at the opening 
of the ileum into the large intestine. 
Ileocholosis, il-e-o-kol-o'sis {ileo, chole, bile). Chol- 
era morbus; biliary diarrhoea. 
Ileocleisis, il-e-o-kli'sis {ileum, kleisis, occlusion). 
Occlusion of the ileum. 
Ileocolic, il-e-o-kol'ic. Eelating to the ileum and 
colon. I. ar'tery, branch of superior mesenteric 
artery. I. valve, ileocaecal valve. 
Ileocolitis, il-e-o-kol-e'tis. Inflammation of the 
ileum and colon. Enteritis involving those regions. 
Ileocolostomy, il-e-o-kol-os'tom-e {ileum, colon, 
stoma, mouth). Operation for establishing artificial 
opening between the ileum and colon. 
Ileodicliditis, il-e-o-dik-lid-e'tis {ileo, diklis, valve). 
Inflammation about the ileocaecal valve. Typhoid 
fever. 
Ileog'raphy {ileum, grapho, to write). Description 
of the ileum. 
Ileoileostomy, il-e-o-il-e-os'to-me {ileum, stoma, 
mouth). Operation for establishing continuity be- 
tween two portions of diseased or obstructed ileum. 
Ileology, il-e-ol'o-ge {ileum, logos, discourse). De- 
scription of the ileum, from an anatomical or physio- 
logical standpoint. 
Ileolumbar, il-e-o-lum'bar. Belonging to the ileum 
and lumbar region. I. ar'tery is given off by the 
hypogastric, opposite the base of the sacrum. It 
ascends behind the psoas muscle, and divides into 
two branches, ascending and transverse. I. lig'a- 
ment, ileolumbar or ileolumbovertebral ligament, ver- 
tebro-iliac ligament; broad membraniform, triangu- 
lar ligament, extending horizontally from the trans- 
verse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the 
upper and posterior part of the iliac crest, uniting 
the vertebral column with the pelvis. 
Ileon (il'e-on) or Il'eum {eileo, to turn, to twist). 
Longest portion of the small intestine, extending 
from the jejunum to the caecum. So called from 
forming a number of convolutions. 
Ileoparasit'icus. Parasite connected with the 
ileum. 
Iliopolymelius, il-e-o-pol-e-mel'e-us {ileum, polus, 
many, melos, limb). Monster with excessive develop- 
ment of the ileum. 
Ileoproctostomy, il-e-o-prok-tos'to-me {ileum, prok- 
tos, rectum, stoma, mouth). Operation for making 
artificial communication between the ileum and 
rectum. 
Ileopyra, il-e-op'ir-ah {ileo, pur, fire, fever). Ty- 
phoid fever. 
Ileorectostomy, il-e-o-rek-tos'to-me {ileum, rectum, 
stoma, mouth). Hybrid word for ileoproctostomy. 
Ileosis, il-e-o'sis. Ileus. 
Ileostomy, il-e-os'to-me {ileum, stoma, mouth). Op- 
eration of establishing communication between the 
ileum and any other organ or between the ileum and 
the external surface. 
Ileotyphus, il-e-o-ti'fus. Typhoid fever. 
Ileum, il'e-um. Ileon. 
Ileus, il'e-us {eileo, to twist). Dangerous disease 
characterized by deep-seated pain in the abdomen 
and obstinate constipation; sometimes with sterco- 
Taceous vomiting. It is occasioned by hernia or 
other obstruction to the passage of the faeces. The 
term has been applied also to simple nervous colic, 
intussusception, and strangulation of the small intes- 
tine, etc.; volvulus. I. fla'vus or icteroi'des, icterus. 
568 
ILIAC 
I. inflannnato'rius, enteritis confined to the small in- 
testine. I. vol'vulus, volvulus. 
Ilex (e'leks) aquifo'lium. Systematic name of the 
common holly. The leaves are tonic, astringent, and 
antiseptic, and have been prescribed in atonic gout, 
intermittents, dyspepsia, etc. The active principle, 
I Heine, has also been used as an antiperiodic and 
antipyretic. I. casse'na or cassi/ne, Ilex vomitoria. 
I. gla'bra, ink-berry; N. American shrub, bark of 
which is tonic and antipyretic. I. gongon'ha, Bra- 
zilian shrub, leaves of which are diaphoretic and diu- 
retic. I. ma'Jor, from the berries of this tree juice 
may be expressed forming a slightly astringent emul- 
sion with water, used by Spanish physicians in humid 
cough, haemoptysis, etc. I. ma'te, Ilex 
I. myrtifo'lia, species of S. United States; diuretic. 
I. opa'ca, American holly, growing throughout the 
Atlantic portion of the United States; possesses the 
same properties as I. aquifolium. I. Paraguen'sis, 
native of Paraguay; affords the celebrated mattee or 
mate, which is drunk in place of the Chinese tea by 
the people of Paraguay; Paraguay tea. I. verticil- 
la'ta, black alder ; winterberry of N. America; bark, 
Prinos (Ph. U. S.), is tonic, antiperiodic, astringent; 
used externally as a wash or cataplasm in gangrene 
and cutaneous affections. I. vomito'ria, Dahoon, 
Southsea tea, Evergreen cassine, Casseena; tree indig- 
enous in Southern United States; leaves when dried 
are aromatic, stimulant, stomachic, and expectorant, 
and are used as a tea; when fresh they are emetic 
and cathartic. 
Ilexan'thina. Yellow coloring matter from Ilex 
aquifolium. 
Ilia, il'e-ah. Flanks; iliac bones; viscera; pu- 
denda. 
Iliac, il'e-ak. Relating to or connected with the 
flanks or the ilium. I. ar'teries, the primary iliacs 
arise from the bifurcation of the aorta, opposite the 
body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, and descend in 
a divergent manner until, opposite the sacro-iliac 
symphysis, they divide into two considerable trunks, 
the internal iliac or hypogastric, and the external 
iliac. The latter proceeds from the sacro-iliac junc- 
ture as far as the crural arch, when it assumes the 
name femoral artery. I. bone, ilium. I. bur'sa, sub- 
iliac bursa. I. co'lon, sigmoid flexure. I. crest, upper 
margin of the ilium; thick and curved like the 
italic S.; affords attachment to the broad muscles of 
the abdomen. I. fas'eia, fascia covering the ilio- 
psoas muscle, passing under Poupart's ligament be- 
hind the femoral vessels under the name of ilio-pec- 
tineal fascia. I. flex'ure, sigmoid flexure. I. fos'sae 
are two in number: the internal, the depression pre- 
sented by the ilium on its interior, at the upper 
part of which the iliacus internus is lodged ; and the 
external, an excavation on the outer surface of the 
same bone, occupied by the glutsei muscles. I. fur'- 
row, groove on the surface of the body at position 
of iliac crest. I. groove, furrow for passage of ilio- 
psoas tendon over margin of the pelvis. I. mesoco'- 
lon, see Mesocolon. I. mus'cle, inter'nal, is situate 
in the iliac fossa and at the anterior and superior 
part of the thigh; it is broad, radiated, triangular, 
and attached above to the two upper thirds of the 
fossa iliaca and to the internal part of the iliac crest; 
below it terminates by a tendon common to it and the 
psoas magnus, and is fixed into the lesser trochanter. 
When this muscle contracts it bends the pelvis on the 
thigh, and conversely; it is also a rotator of the thigh 
outward, and prevents the trunk from falling back- 
ward. See Iliopsoas. I. nerve, external branch of ilio- 
hypogastric neyve. I. notch, great sacro-sciatic notch. 
I. pas'sion, ileus. I. re'gions, sides of the abdomen 
between the ribs and the hips. I. spines, spinous 
processes of the ilium, four in number, two anterior 
and two posterior. Of the anterior, one is superior, 
and affords origin to the sartorius muscle; the other, 
inferior, receives the tendinous origin of the rectus 
femoris. The posterior iliac spines are divided, like 
the anterior, into superior and inferior. They afford 
insertion to strong ligaments, uniting the ilium with ILIACOFEMORAL 
the sacrum. I. veins, these correspond with the dis- 
tribution of the iliac arteries. 
Iliacofemoral, il-i-ak-o-fem'o-ral. Relating to the 
ilium and thigh-bone. 
Iliacomus'cular. Iliolumbar. 
Iliacopsoas, il-i-ak-o-so'as. Iliopsoas. 
Iliacotrochantericus, il-e-ak-o-tro-kan-ter'ik-us. 
Relating to the ilium and trochanter; iliacus internus 
muscle. 
Ilia'cum os. Os innominatum. 
Iliacus, il-e'ak-us. Iliac; iliac muscle, internal. 
I. exter'nus, glutseus medius; pyriformis. I. inter'- 
nus, iliac muscle, internal. I. mi'nor, small muscle 
from anterior inferior spine of ilium inserted in an- 
terior intratrochanteric line at its lower part, or into 
the iliofemoral ligament. 
Iliadelphus, il-e-ad-el'fus (ilium, adelphos, brother). 
Monsters separate above, but united at and below the 
pelvis. 
Ilial, il'e-al. Iliac. 
Hide acid. Crystalline acid from leaves of Ilex 
aquifolium. 
Ilicine, il'is-een. Crystallizable principle from 
leaves of Ilex aquifolium; antiperiodic; used as 
substitute for quinine. 
Iliectomy, il-e-ek'to-me (ileum, ektome, excision). 
Excision of portion of the ileum. 
Ilingos (il-in'gos) or Ilin'gus. Vertigo. 
Il'io. In composition, relating to the ilium or 
ileon. 
Ilio-abdominal, il'e-o-ab-dom'in-al. Obliquus in- 
ternus abdominis. 
Il'io-aponeuro'si-femora'lis. Tensor vaginae 
femoris. 
Ilio-aponeurotic (il'e-o-ap-on-u-rot'ik) muscle. 
Fascia lata muscle. 
Ilio-aponeuroticus, il'e-o-ap-on-u-rot'ik-us. Relat- 
ing to the ilium and fascia lata; tensor vaginae 
femoris. 
Iliocapsularis (il-e-o-kap-su-lar'is) or Iliocapsulo- 
trochantericus, il-e-o-kap-su-lo-trok-an-ter'ik-us. 
Obturator internus. 
Iliocaudal, il-e-o-kawd"l (ilium, cauda, tail). Re- 
lating to the ilium and coccyx; iliococcygeal would be 
the more exact term. 
Iliococcyge'al. Relating to the ilium and coccyx. 
See Iliocaudal. 
Iliocos'tal. Quadratus lumborum; sacrolumbalis. 
Iliocostalis, il-e-o-kos-tal'is (ilium, costa, rib). Sac- 
rolumbalis muscle; portion of quadratus lumborum 
between crest of ilium and twelfth rib. I. cervi- 
cal'is, cervicalis muscle. 
Iliocostocervicalis, il-e-o-kos-to-sur-ve-kal'is. Sac- 
rolumbalis. 
Iliofem'oral. Relating to ilium and femur; coxo- 
femoral. I. lig'aments, see Coxofemoral articulation. 
I. tri'angle, triangle having its base between the 
upper part of the trochanter major and the anterior 
superior spine of the ilium, and its apex formed by 
lines projected posteriorly from the anterior superior 
spine and upward from the top of the trochanter 
major. 
Iliofemora/lis. Iliofemoral; muscle between ilium 
and femur. 
Iliohypogastric, il-e-o-hi-po-gas'trik. Relating to 
ilium and hypogastrium. I. nerve, musculocutaneous 
nerve, superior. 
Ilio-inguinal, il'e-o-in'gwin-al. Relating to the 
ilium and groin. I. nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, 
inferior. 
Ilio - ischio - trochantericus, il'e-o-is'ke-o-tro-kan- 
ter'ik-us. Glutseus minimus. 
Iliolumbal'is or Ileolum'bar. Ileolumbar. 
Iliolumbover'tebral lig'ament. Ileolubmar liga- 
ment. 
Il'ion. Ilium. 
Iliopatellaris, il-e-o-pat-el-lar'is. Rectus muscle 
of thigh. 
Iliopectineal, il-e-o-pek-tin-e'al. Belonging to the 
ilium and pubic bone. I. crest, I. line. I. em'inence, 
formed by the junction of the ramus of the ilium with 
569 
ILLEGITIMATE 
that of the pubis; affords attachment to the psoas 
minor muscle. I. fas'cia, iliopectineal ligament. 
I. fos'sa, Scarpa's triangle. I. lig'ament, continua- 
tion of iliac fossa from Poupart's ligament to iliopec- 
tineal line. I. line, prominence of bone separating 
true and false pelvis on inner surface of the ilium, 
terminating at the spine of the pubis. I. tu'bercle, 
iliopectineal eminence. 
Iliopel'vic. Relating to ilium and pelvis, as ilio- 
pelvic abscess. 
Ilioperoneal (il-e-o-per-o-ne'al) muscle. Occa- 
sional small fasciculus of biceps arising from the 
ilium. 
Iliopretibialis, il-e-o-pra-tib-e-al'is. Sartorius. 
Ilioprotu'leus. Triceps cruris; rectus of thigh. 
Iliopsoas bursa, il-e-o-so'as bur'sah. Subiliac 
bursa. I. muscle, iliacus and psoas muscle con- 
sidered as one. 
Iliopsoitis, il-e-o-so-e'tis. Inflammation of the ilio- 
psoas muscle. 
Iliopuberal (il-e-o-pu'ber-al) or Iliopu'bic. Relating 
to the ilium and region of pubes. 
Ilio-pubi-costo-abdominal, il'e-o-pu'be-kos'to-ab- 
dom'in-al. Obliquus externus abdominis. 
Iliosacral, il-e-o-sac'ral. Sacro-iliac. 
Iliosacro-fem'oral. Gluteus major. 
Ilioscapularis, il-e-o-skap-u-lar'is. Iliacus minor. 
Iliosciatic, il-e-o-si-at'ik. Relating to ilium and 
ischium. 
Ilioscrotal, il-e-o-skro't'l. Relating to ilium and 
scrotum. I. nerve, ilio-inguinal nerve; musculocu- 
taneous superior. 
Iliospinal, il-e-o-spi'nal. Relating to ilium and 
spine. 
Iliospinalis, il-e-o-spin-al'is. Longissimus dorsi. 
Name also given to combination of latter muscle and 
several other muscles of the back. 
Iliotibial, il-e-o-tib'e-al. Relating to the ilium and 
tibia. I. band, band of fascia from the fore part of 
the iliac crest to the outer tuberosity of the tibia. 
Iliotrochanteric, il-e-o-tro-kan-ter'ik. Relating to 
the ilium and trochanter. 
Iliotrochanterius, il-e-o-tro-kan-ter'e-us. Iliacus. 
I. exter'nus, I. medius. I. mag'nus, gluteus me- 
dius. I. me'dius, gluteus maximus. I. par'vus, 
gluteus minimus. 
Iliotrochantineus, il-e-o-tro-kan-tin'e-us. Pyri- 
form is. 
Ilithy'ia. Lucina, the goddess who presided over 
parturient females, was so called by the Greeks and 
Romans. 
Ilium (rl'e-um) or Ilion, il'e-on. Hauch or hip-bone. 
Largest of three bones constituting os innominatum in 
foetus and child; probably so called from its seeming 
to support the intestine ileum; or, perhaps, because 
its crest is curved upon itself (eileo, to twist). The 
posterior surface is called the dorsum, the internal the 
venter. The upper semicircular edge is the crista or 
spine, at the anterior part of which is the anterior 
and superior spinous process. At the back part of the 
spine are two spinous processes, the posterior and 
superior, and posterior and inferior. See I liac spines 
and Ileum. 
Illacrymatio, il-lak-re-mah'she-o (iZ, lacryma, tear). 
Involuntary and constant flow of tears on the cheek; 
epiphora. 
Illaqueation, il-lak-we-a'shun (laqueo, to ensnare). 
Operation for restoring an ingrowing eyelash to its 
proper position by means of puncturing the lid and 
drawing the eyelash through the puncture. 
Illecebra, il-les'eb-rah (illicio, to allure). Sedum. 
I. ma'jor, Sedum telephium. 
Illecebrum (il-les'eb-rum) achyran'tha. Mexican 
plant with astringent flowers. I. polygonoi'des, 
Achyranthes repens. I. vermicula're, sedum. 
Illegitimacy, il-le-jit'im-a-se. State of being ille- 
gitimate. 
Illegitimate, il-le-jit'im-ate (iZ, negative, legitimus, 
legitimate). That which is contrary to law or which 
has not the conditions required by law, as an illegiti- 
mate birth-one out of wedlock. The term illegiti- ILLICIUM 
mate or bastard is also applied to diseases, as fevers, 
whose progress is anomalous. Sse False. 
Illicium anlsatum, il-lis'e-um an-is-at'um (illicio, 
to allure). Yellow-flowered anise, Aniseed tree, Star anise. 
The seeds are used, like the aniseed, as stomachic 
and carminative. The same tree furnishes the aro- 
matic bark called cortex anisi stellati, cortex lavola. 
The fruit is officinal under the name Illicium (Ph. 
U. S. and Br.). I. Florida'num, Florida anise tree, Poi- 
son bay, Star anise, Sweet laurel. Evergreen shrub, the 
bark, leaves, etc. of which have a spicy odor like anise. 
I. parviflo'rum, shrub of Southern United States, 
having the flavor and properties of sassafras root. 
I. religio'sum, Japanese tree, active principle of 
which causes vomiting and convulsions, and fatal 
effects in large doses. 
Illinitio, il-lin-ish'e-o (il, lino, to anoint). Inunc- 
tion. 
Ulisio, il-lis'e-o (il, leedo, to strike violently). 
Fracture of the skull, with depression. 
Ulitio (il-lish'e-o) or Illitus, il-le'tus (il, lino, to 
anoint). Inunction. 
Ill'ness. Disease. I., month'ly, menses. 
Illos, il'los. One who squints. 
Illosis, il-lo'sis (illos, eye). Distortion of the eyes. 
Strabismus. See Helosis. 
Illumination. Light derived from a luminous 
body. I. of the eye, lighting up of interior of the 
eye, as in ophthalmic examination; or by focusing 
pencil of rays of light obliquely on any part, as the 
cornea. 
Illusio, il-lu'ze-o (il, ludo, to play). Illusion. I. 
sen'sus, hallucination. 
Illusion, il-lu'zhun. Hallucination; delusion. It 
differs, however, according to Tuke, from hallucina- 
tion in being the false interpretation of a sensation 
actually perceived. 
Illutamentum (il-lu-tam-en'tum) or Illutatio, il-lu- 
tah'she-o (il, lutum, mud). Act of covering any part 
of the body with mud for therapeutical effect, as in a 
mud-bath. 
Ilosis, il-o'sis. Illosis. 
Im, II, In, Ir. In composition, generally mean in ; 
occasionally, however, have the privative sense of un. 
Image, im'aje. Representation of an object to the 
eye or mind. I. of Purkinje, intraretinal image of 
the blood-vessels of the retina, seen in one's own eye 
by moving a lighted candle in front of the organ, so 
that the light may enter it obliquely. I., subjective, 
visual hallucination. 
Imaginarii, im-aj-in-ar'e-e. Affections of the sen- 
sory faculties. 
Imagination, im-aj-in-a'shun (imago, image). Fac- 
ulty of forming in the mind an assemblage of images 
and combination of ideas not always in direct con- 
nection with external objects. 
Ima'go. Image; perfect insect after having com- 
pleted its metamorphoses. 
Imbecile, im'be-sil. Weak-minded; nearly allied 
to idiocy. A person is so called who was born men- 
tally feeble or acquired it as a result of cerebral dis- 
ease. 
Imbecility, im-be-sil'it-e. Weakness, especially of 
the intellect; incoherency. 
Imbecillis, im-bes'il-lis. Infirm. 
Imbecillitas, im-be-sil'lit-as. Imbecility. I. in- 
ge'nii, idiocy, imbecility. I. men'tis, idiocy, imbe- 
cility. I. ventric'uli, atony or weakness of the 
stomach. 
Imbellis ad venerem, im-bel'lis ad ven'er-em 
(powerless for venery). Not easily moved to sexual 
desire; impotent. 
Imberbis, im-ber'bis (im, barba, beard). Devoid of 
beard. 
Imbibition, im-bib-ish'un. Absorption; aspiration. 
Action by which a body becomes penetrated by a 
liquid or gas. See Endosmose. Reverse action has 
been called exhibition. Many phenomena of absorp- 
tion are owing to imbibition. I., doub'le, endosmose. 
Imbowelling, im-bow'el-ling. Operation of taking 
out the bowels. 
570 
• IMPATIENS 
Imbrex (a tile) narium, im'breks nar'e-um. Sep- 
tum narium. 
Imbricaria saxatilis, im-brik-ar'e-ah saks-at'il-is. 
Lichen saxatilis. 
Im'bricate or Imbricated, im'brik-a-ted (imbrex, 
tile). Placed over each other like the tiles of a 
roof. 
Imita'tion. Effort to copy some other act, inter- 
esting as a cause of chorea, epilepsy, or even of in- 
sanity ; it is a mental contagion, according to Tuke. 
Immediate auscultation, im-me'de-ate aus-kul-ta'- 
shun. See Auscultation. I. percus'sion, see Percussion. 
I. u'nion, see Intention. 
Immedicable, im-med'ik-a-b'l. Incurable. 
Immersed, im-murst/. Word applied to a body 
which is depressed in another body, the surfaces being 
even. 
Immersion, im-mur'shun. Variety of cold bath in 
which the body ot a part is momentarily plunged at 
brief intervals, as a means of stimulation in fevers, 
mental and nervous diseases, etc. In microscopy, 
immersing of the objective (immersion lens) in liquid, 
so that rays falling obliquely on the edges will not 
be wholly reflected. 
Immersus, im-mer'sus (im, mergo, to dip). Subscap- 
ularis muscle. 
Immictio, im-mik'she-o. Enuresis. 
Imminence, im'mi-nence (immineo, to hang over). 
Impending condition. Period preceding and foretell- 
ing invasion of a disease. 
Immiscible, im-mis'se-b'l (im, neg., misceo, to mix). 
Incapable of being mixed. 
Immissio, im-mis'se-o (im, mitto, to send). Inser- 
tion. I. cathete'ris, catheterism. 
Immissor, im-mis'sor. Inserter of anything; cath- 
eter. 
Immissorium, im-mis-so're-um. Instrument for 
insertion, as a catheter. 
Immobilitas, im-mo-bil'it-as (im, moveo, to move, 
habilis, able). Want of power to move; incapability 
of being moved; see Acinesia. I. pupil 'lee, immobil- 
ity of the pupil; amaurosis. 
Immobilization, im-mo-bil-i-za'shun. Act of mak- 
ing a part immovable, as in a splint. 
Immoderantia (im-mo-der-an'she-ah) or Immoder- 
atio, im-mo-der-ah'she-o (im, moderor, to be moderate). 
Intemperance. 
Immovable apparatus, im-mov'a-b'l ap-par-a'tus. 
See Apparatus. 
Immunity, im-mu'nit-e. Freedom from liability to 
infectious diseases through protection of the system 
by previous attack or other cause. 
Im'munize. To produce or to acquire immunity 
from disease. 
Immutans, im-mu'tans (im, muto, to change). Al- 
terative. 
Impacted, im-pak'ted (in, pango, to drive in). 
Wedged. 
Impaction, im-pak'shun. Wedging; collision. 
Fracture of bone with depression of some fragments 
and projection of others. 
Impalpable, im-pal'pa-b'l (in, not, palpo, to feel). 
Applied to powders which are so fine that the par- 
ticles cannot be felt. 
Impaludation, im-pal-u-da'shun (im, palus, marsh). 
Influence of marsh miasm. Predisposition of resi- 
dents in malarial districts to malarial diseases. 
Impaludism, im-pal'u-dizm (same etymon). Poison- 
ing from marsh miasm. Impaludation. 
Impar (im, par, equal). Odd; azygous. I. gan'- 
glion, small coccygeal ganglion. I. pharyn'gis, 
middle constrictor of the pharynx. 
Impatiens balsamina, im-pash'e-ens bal-sam-e'nah. 
Balsam weed, touch-me-not, ord. Balsaminacese. Re- 
sembles the other species in its properties. I. ful'va 
and I. pal'lida, Touch-me-not, Jewel weed, Balsam 
weed, Slippers, Celandine, Quick-in-the-hand, Weather- 
cocks, Snapweed ; indigenous plants found in low, moist 
ground in every part of the U. States. Ointment 
of leaves with lard used in hemorrhoids. Properties 
the same as those of I. lu'tea, I. macula'ta, or I. IM PATIENT! A 
noli me tan'gere of Europe, common yellow balsam, 
which is emetic, cathartic, and. diuretic. 
Impatientia, im-pash-e-en'she-ah (m, patior, to suf- 
fer). Irritability. I. vesi'cae, irritability of the 
bladder. 
Impedimentum, im-ped-e-men'tum (obstruction). 
Anything that obstructs; obstacle to delivery of foetus 
in preternatural parturition. 
Imperatoria, im-per-at-o're-ah (impero, to com- 
mand). False pellitory, Yellow-grass, Great master - 
wort, ord. Umbelliferaj. The roots are aromatic and 
bitter. Alkaloid derived from it is called Imper'- 
atorine. I. ostruth'ium, imperatoria. I. sylves'tris, 
Angelica sylvestris. 
Imperforate, im-per'fo-rate (im, per, through, foro, 
to bore). Term applied to parts that are unnaturally 
closed, as the anus, vagina, etc. 
Imperforatio, im-per-fo-rah'she-o. Imperforation. 
I. alii, atresia of the anus or rectum. I. pupillae, 
see Synezisis. I. u'teri, atresia of the uterus. I. vagi'- 
nae, atresia of the vagina. 
Imperforation, im-per-for-a'shun. Absence of a 
natural aperture, as of the mouth, anus, vulva, etc. 
It is congenital and dependent upon faulty conforma- 
tion. 
Imperial, im-pe're-al. Pleasant, cooling drink 
formed of bitartrate of potassium, sliced lemon, white 
sugar, and water. 
Imperium, im-pe're-um (order). Prescription. 
Impermeable, im-pur'me-a-b'l. Incapable of per- 
meation, as a tight structure; applied also to water- 
tight goods. 
Imper'vious. Not admitting of a passage through, 
as a membrane. 
Impetigines, im-pet-ij'in-ees. Superficial diseases 
of the skin; eczematoses. 
Impetiginositas, im-pet-ij-in-os'it-as. Impetigo. 
Impetiginous, im-pet-ij'in-us. Having the nature 
of, or relating to, impetigo. 
Impetigo, im-pet-e'go (impeto, to attack). Running 
scall or tetter, Crusted, Pustular, or Humid tetter or 
Scali, Cowrap. A word at one time used generically 
to comprise syphilis, scorbutus, rachitis, elephantiasis, 
itch, tinea, scrofula, etc. By some it was described as 
a humid or running tetter, consisting of small pus- 
tules denominated psydracia; others included under 
it various forms of eczema and psoriasis. Some in- 
cluded all chronic eruptions under the head of im- 
petigo, the acute forms being called exanthemata; 
superficial forms of skin disease also received this 
name. At the present day it is considered as a pus- 
tular cutaneous affection, with itching, the pustules 
being small and grouped together, and the crusts sub- 
sequently formed yellowish and scaly; some writers 
regard it only as a pustular eczema, eczema impetig- 
inosum. I. a'chor, impetiginous eczema of scalp. I. 
capitis, I. of the scalp. I. contagio'sa, acute vesico- 
pustular eruption, in many cases apparently epidemic 
among children, generally appearing first on the face 
or hands in isolated vesicles, followed in a few days 
by characteristic scabs. I. eczemato'des, eczema im- 
petiginosum. I. erysipelato'des or erythemat'ica, 
inflammatory form of impetiginous eczema, erysipe- 
latoid in appearance. I. excorticati'va, ichthyosis. 
I. exe'dens, I. rodens. I. figura'ta, figured scall; im- 
petigo occurring in irregular clusters; porrigo lupi- 
nosa. I., herpetic or herpetiform, chronic cuta- 
neous affection of later stages of pregnancy, fre- 
quently fatal; pustules are in groups; sometimes 
annular, yellowish scabs form with surface beneath 
like that of eczema rubrum; herpes gestationis. I. 
larvalis, impetiginous eczema covering the face like 
a mask. I. parasita'ria, I. contagiosa, under the view 
that it is of parasitic origin. I. pellagra, pellagra. 
I. ro'dens, chronic impetigo, especially of the face, 
accompanied with foul rodent ulceration; often re- 
garded as a form of cancer or syphilis. I. spar'sa, I. 
irregularly and scatteringly diffused over the body; 
eczema impetiginodes. I. sycosiform'is, deep-seated 
impetiginous eczema of the upper lip, sometimes oc- 
curring after shaving. I. syphilitica, impetiginous 
571 
IMPUBA 
syphiloderm. I. ulcera'ta, I. accompanied with ul- 
cerations ; I. rodens. 
Impetum faciens, im'pet-um fas'e-ens (impulse- 
making). Vital principle. 
Impetus, im'pet-us. Impetigo; paroxysm; attack. 
I. san'guinis, congestion of blood. 
Implacental, im-pla-sen't'l. Devoid of placenta. 
Implantation, im-plan-ta'shun (im, planto, to 
plant). Surgical operation intended to unite a di- 
vided intestine by placing the divided end into the 
intestine and securing by means of rings and sutures. 
Act of inserting or introducing anything into a part, 
by hypodermic injection, for example. Attachment, 
as of a ligament. Double monstrosity, one individual 
being developed on or at the expense of the other. 
A tooth is sometimes transplanted from one person to 
another. I., crescen'tic, Burns's ligament; Gimber- 
nat's ligament. 
Implant'ed. Attached; ingrafted; inserted; in- 
oculated. 
Implicated, im'plik-a-ted. Affected; said of fevers 
when two simultaneously attack a patient. 
Implication. Complication of morbid conditions; 
entwining, as in plexus of nerves. 
Impluvium, im-plu've-um (im, pluo, to rain). Em- 
brocation ; shower-bath. 
Imponderable, im-pon'der-a-b'l. Without weight. 
Imponderables, im-pon'der-a-b'ls. Term formerly 
applied to heat, light, etc. 
Importation. Introduction from another region or 
foreign country of disease or causes of disease. 
Impostem (im-post'em) or Imposthume, im-post'- 
hume. Abscess. 
Impotence (im'po-tence) or Im'potency (im, potens, 
able). Loss of power over one or more members; 
commonly, want of sexual vigor, incapacity for copu- 
lation, chiefly on the part of the male; also used 
synonymously with sterility. It may be due to men- 
tal disturbance. 
Impotent, im'po-tent. Affected with impotence. 
Impotentia, im-po-ten'she-ah. Adynamia; impo- 
tence. I. coeun'di, impotence. I. concipien'di, ster- 
ility in the female. I. generan'di, sterility. I. ges- 
tan'di, sterility in the female, so far as concerns her 
going to full term of gestation. I. parturien'di, ster- 
ility, usually from anatomical causes, interfering with 
birth of child. I. vir'ilis, impotence of the male. 
Impoverished, im-pov'er-ish'd (having become 
poor). Epithet applied to humor deprived of part of 
its constituents, and particularly to the blood, which 
is considered impoverished when pale, without the 
proper consistence, and abounding in serum. 
Impregnation, im-preg-na'shun. Fecundation; 
fertilization; pregnancy. 
Impressibility, im-pres-sib-il'it-e. See Sensibility 
and Hypereesthesis. 
Impressio, im-pres'se-o. Depression. I. angular'is, 
depression in occipital lobe where petrous portion of 
temporal bone projects into cavity of cranium. I. car- 
di'aca ot car'dis, depression on the liver where the 
apex of the heart presses against the diaphragm. I. 
co'lica or co'li, shallow impression on the under sur- 
face of the right lobe of the liver for the hepatic flex- 
ure of the colon; similar impression behind, Impressio 
renalis, is for the right kidney and suprarenal capsule. 
I. rena'lis, see Impressio colica. I. suprarenaTis, de- 
pression in right lobe of the liver for reception of 
suprarenal capsule. I. vesica'lis, fissure for gall- 
bladder. 
Impression, im-presh'un (in, primo, to press). In- 
dentations made on certain organs by others. Ine- 
qualities on bones which appear to be made by adja- 
cent organs. I., del'toid, triangular depression on 
shaft of humerus for insertion of deltoid muscle. 
Impressions (im-presh'uns), digital. Depressions 
observable at the inner surface of the cranium, look- 
ing as if made with fingers. 
Impressura, im-pres-su'rah. Impression. Evidence 
of taint or contamination, as with syphilis, scrofula, 
etc. 
Impuber (im-pu'ber), Impu'bes, or Impu'bis (in, IMPUDICUS 
puber, at age of puberty). One who has not attained 
that age. 
Impudicus, im-pu-de'kus (im,pudicus, modest). See 
Digitus. 
Im'pulse (im, pello, to drive). Force directly 
employed. Influence acting directly upon the 
mind, with a certain amount of determination 
or force. I., car'diac, beat of apex of the 
heart; see Heart. I., diastol'ic, back-stroke of the 
heart. Jog or stroke felt at the end of each pulsa- 
tion, seeming to be owing to the refilling of the ven- 
tricles. I., ex'piratory, I. from nervous centre of 
respiration, producing the movement of expiration 
when inspiration is suspended. I., heart, I., cardiac. 
I., in'spiratory, I. from nervous centre of respiration, 
giving rise to inspiratory movement when expiration 
is suspended. I., systolic, I., apex. 
Imputabil'ity (m, puto, to think). Soundness of 
mind that renders one responsible legally for his 
actions. 
Imputrescible, im-pu-tres'si-b'l. Resisting putres- 
cence. 
In, in composition. See Im. 
In extremis, in eks-tre'mis (at the extremity or 
point of death). Moribund; dying. 
Inadequacy, in-ad'e-kwa-se. Insufficiency, as of the 
valves of the heart when affected with disease, or of 
the kidney, renal inadequacy, when it fails to secrete 
urine of proper specific gravity and there is diminu- 
tion of urea and uric acid, the kidney becoming 
smaller and hardened. 
Inalimental, in-al-e-men'tal (in, neg., alimentum, 
food). Devoid of nourishment. 
Inanagenesis, in-an-ah-jen'es-is (is, inos, muscle, 
anagenesis, regeneration). Muscular regeneration; 
reproduction of muscular tissue. 
Inanaphysis, in-an-af'is-is (is, muscle, anaphysis, 
growing again). Inanagenesis. 
Inania, in-an'e-ah (emptiness). Iliac regions. 
Inanimate, in-an'im-ate. Not possessed of life. 
Inanitiation (in-an-ish-e-a'shun) or Inanition, in- 
an-ish'un. Emptiness. Exhaustion for want of 
nourishment; starvation. 
Inap'petence or Inappetency, in-ap'pe-ten-se (in, 
appeto, to desire). See Anorexia and Dysorexia. 
Inarticulate, in-ar-tik'u-late (in, articulus, joint). 
Without joint or articulation. Not distinct or intel- 
ligible, as sounds of the voice. 
Inarticulatio, in-ar-tik-u-lah'she-o (in, articulus, 
joint). See Enarthrosis. Deficiency of articulation; 
state of being inarticulate. 
Inassim'ilable. Not capable of assimilation. 
Incandescence, in-kan-des'sence (incandesco, to 
glow). The condition of a substance in a white heat. 
Incantation, in-kan-ta'shun (in, canto, to sing). 
Cure of diseases by charms, etc. 
Incapacity, in-kap-as'it-e. Inefficiency ; inability 
for certain duties or functions, as sexual incapacity or 
impotence. 
Incarcerated, in-kar'sur-a-ted. See Incarceration. 
Incarceratio, in-kar-sur-ah'she-o (in, in, career, pris- 
on). Incarceration. I. intestino'rum, inclusion of 
a portion of intestine in a sac, as in hernia. I. intes- 
tino'rum inter'na, see Enteremphraxis. I. placen'tse, 
see Placenta. 
Incarceration, in-kar-sur-a'shun. Hernia is said 
to be "incarcerated" when, owing to constriction 
about the neck of the hernial sac or elsewhere, it can- 
not be readily reduced. Also strangulation. See 
Placenta, incarcerated, Enteroperistole, and Enterem- 
phraxis. 
Incarnant, in-kar'nant (in, caro, flesh). Sarcotic. 
Promoting the regeneration of flesh or granulation. 
Incarnatio, in-kar-nah'she-o. Incarnation. I. un'- 
guium, ingrowing nail. 
Incarna'tion. Growth of flesh or granulations; 
conversion into flesh. Formation and development 
of the germ in the ovum. Conception. 
Incarnifica'tion. Incarnation. 
Incas'sa. Intensely poisonous ordeal bark of 
Africa; a cardiac sedative. 
572 
INCISURA 
Incendium, in-sen'de-um {incendo, to burn). Burn- 
ing fever or burning heat. Inflammation; phleg- 
mon ; combustion. I. sponta'neum, combustion, 
human. 
Incensio, in-sen'she-o. Incendium. 
Incentivum, in-sen-te'vum. Stimulant; irritant. 
Inception, in-sep'shun. Beginning, as of disease; 
intussusception; ingestion of food. 
Incerniculum, in-sur-nik'u-lum (incerno, to sift). 
Strainer or sieve; pelvis of kidney. 
Incest, in'sest (in, neg., castus, chaste). Sexual in- 
tercourse between persons whose close relationship 
makes marriage illegal. 
In'cidence. Direction in which a ray of light falls 
or is reflected. 
Incidentia, in-sid-eu'she-ah (incido, to cut). Medi- 
cines to which was attributed the property of cutting 
thick or coagulated humors, as fixed alkalies, acids, 
etc. 
Incile, in'sil-e. Fourth ventricle of brain. 
Incincta, in-sink'tah (in, cingo, to gird). Pregnant. 
Incineration, in-sin-er-a'shun (in, cinis, ashes). In 
pharmacy, a process by which substances are reduced 
to ashes. Cremation or cineration of a corpse. 
Incised (in-siz'd) wound. Wound by cutting instru- 
ment. 
Incisio, in-siz'e-o (incido, to cut). Cut; incision. 
Incision, in-siz'yun. Methodical division of soft 
parts with a cutting instrument. 
Incisive, in-si'siv. Eelating or appertaining to the 
incisor teeth. I. bone, intermaxillary bone. I. ca- 
nal', see Palatine canals. I. fos'sa, depression in the 
superior maxillary bone above the incisor teeth. I. 
nerve, branch of the inferior dental nerve supplying 
the incisor teeth. I. teeth, incisor teeth ; teeth occu- 
pying the anterior part of the upper and lower jaws, 
used for cutting food in the manner of cutting instru- 
ments. The two middle incisors of the upper jaw are 
at times called butter teeth. 
Incisivus, in-siz-e'vus. Levator labii superioris 
proprius. I. infe'rior, levator labii inferioris ; acces- 
sorius orbicularis oris. I. lateral'is et pyramidal'is, 
levator labii superioris alseque nasi. I. me'dius, de- 
pressor alee nasi. 
Incisor (in-si'sor) teeth. Incisive teeth. 
Incisorium, in-sis-o're-um. |Operating table; bis- 
toury; scalpel. 
Incisorius, in-sis-o're-us. Incisivus. 
Incisura, in-sis-u'rah. Incision; notch; fissure. 
I. acetab'uli, acetabular notch. I. astrag'ali, I. tali. 
I. auric'ulse, I. tragica. I. aur'is, fissure or groove 
of the auricle or pavilion, passing between the concha 
and tragus along the upper body of the cartilage of 
the concha. I. cardi'aca, notch on border of left lung 
for reception of apex of the heart. I. cerebel'li, see 
Cerebellum. I. cerebel'li ante'rior et poste'rior, see 
Vermiform processes. I. clavicula'ris, depression on 
the upper extremity of sternum for articulation with 
the clavicle. I. crucia'lis, crucial incision. I. digas'- 
trica, digastric fossa. I. ethmoida'lis, excavation in 
the middle line of the os frontis, separating the two 
orbital plates. I. falcifor'mis, external crural ring. 
I. flbula'ris, depression on the tibia for reception of 
the fibula. I. fronta'lis, supraorbital notch. I. inci- 
si'va, groove on inner surface of upper jaw, forming 
with its fellow the anterior palatine canal. I. inter- 
arytsenoi'dea,depression in larynx between arytenoid 
cartilages. I. interclavicula'ris, interclavicular 
notch. I. inter trag'em et scaph'am, I. auris. I. 
intertrag'ica, I. tragica. I. ischiad'ica, sciatic notch. 
I. jugula'ris, jugular notch. I. lacryma'lis, see Sulcus 
lacrymalis. I. liena'lis, hilus of spleen. I. mandib'- 
ulae or maxil'lse inferio'ris, sigmoid notch of inferior 
maxillary bone. I. margina'lis, I. cerebelli. I. 
mastoi'dea, digastric fossa. I. nasa'lis, nasal notch 
of frontal bone. I. palati'na, sphenopalatine notch. 
I. perone'a, I. fibularis. I. rena'lis, concave part of 
the kidney. I. Santori'ni or Santorinia'na, fissures 
in cartilaginous part of external auditory meatus. I. 
scap'ulae or scapula'ris, suprascapular notch. I. 
semiluna'ris, term applied, from the shape, to various INCISURZE 
notches or depressions, as I. cerebelli, I. clavicularis, 
I. fibularis, I. intertragica, I. mandibulae, I. maxillae 
inferioris. I. septi, fifth ventricle of brain; see 
Ventricles. 
Incisurae (in-siz-u're) (pl. of Incisura, notch or 
fissure) costa'les. Notches on sides of sternum for 
reception of costal cartilages. I. interloba'res or 
interlobula'res pulmo'nis or pulmo'num, fissures by 
which the lungs are divided into lobes. I. tympan'- 
ica, notches of Rivinus. I. vertebra'les, interverte- 
bral notches. 
Incisure, in-si'zhur. Incisura. 
Incisus, in-se'sus. Incised. Incision. 
Incitability, in-site-a-bil'it-e. Irritability. 
Incitamentum, in-sit-am-en'tum. Stimulus. 
Incitans, in-se'tans. Stimulant. 
Incitatio, in-se-tah'she-o. Stimulation. 
Incitomotor, in-si-to-mo'tor. Epithet applied to 
an action the reverse of excitomotor, as muscular 
motion, commencing in the nervous centres and ex- 
citing the muscles to contraction. 
Inclavatio, in-klav-ah'she-o (in, davits, a nail). 
Gomphosis. See Wedged. 
Inclinatio, in-klin-ah'she-o (inclino, to bend down). 
Decline; inclination. I. cce'li, climate. 
Inclusio, in-klu'ze-o. Inclusion. I. abdominal'is, 
I. cerebral'is, etc., see Inclusion. 
Inclusion, in-klu'zhun (in, cludo, to shut). Mon- 
strosity shut up within another body, as in the abdo- 
men, brain, ovary, testicle, etc.; or condition of such 
monstrosity. I., foe'tai, foetus in foetu, or F. inclusus. 
I. of germs, theory that different species are created 
independently. 
Incoherence (in-ko-he'rence) or Incoherency, in-ko- 
he'ren-se (in, co, hsereo, to stick). Want of dependence 
of one part on another. Condition of the mental 
manifestations in dementia, etc., such as confused 
language. 
Incombustible, in-kom-bus'tib'l (in, neg., com- 
buro, to burn up). Incapable of being consumed by 
fire. 
Incompatible, in-kom-pat'ib'l (in, competo, to agree, 
habilis, able). A substance which cannot be pre- 
scribed with another without interfering with its 
chemical composition or medicinal activity. It may 
be a physiological or a chemical incompatible. The 
following statement exhibits the most common and 
dangerous possibilities of error from this source 
(Hare): 
1. An acid should never be combined with an alkali. 
2. An acid should never be added in any quantity to a 
tincture, as in the following prescription: 
ty. Potassii iodidi, Sij ; 
Acidi nitro-muriatici, f5j; 
Tinct. cinchonse comp., q. s. f 3iij.-M. 
S. Use as directed : a teaspoonful. 
The acid is incompatible with the iodide of potassium, 
forming a chloride and setting free iodine, and would also 
change part of the alcohol in the tincture into an ether. 
3. Alkalies should not be combined with alkaloids. Thus: 
Jjfc. Strychnin® sulph., gr.j; 
Potassii iodidi, 5ij ■ 
Syr. sarsaparill® comp., f 3iii.-M. 
S. Teaspoonful t. d. 
The strychnine would be precipitated by the potassium 
salt, and the patient would get nearly all the strychnine in 
the last dose. 
4. Potassium chlorate should not be ordered to be rubbed 
up with tannic acid or any other organic substance capable 
of oxidation, as it will explode. Permanganate of potassium 
is subject to the same rule. 
5. Chlorate of potassium and ammonium chloride when 
mixed together may take fire. 
6. Iron is incompatible with tannic acid, as it forms a tan- 
nate of iron or ink. As all the vegetable astringents contain 
tannic acid, they should none of them be used with iron 
except chiretta and columbo. 
7. Tannic acid should never be added to solutions of, 
alkaloids. 
8. Gum arabic is not to be added to solutions of iron, lead, 
or the mineral acids. 
9. Alcoholic solutions of camphor and similar resinous 
substances are incompatible with water. 
10. Fluid extracts are incompatible with water, as the 
addition of water will precipitate them, 
573 
INCUBATION 
11. All salts not acid but alkaline in reaction are decom- 
posed by acids. 
12. All salts which are acid are decomposed by alkalies. 
13. All vegetable acid salts are altered by mineral acids and 
are decomposed by alkalies. 
14. Iodine and the iodides should not be given with 
alkaloids 
15. Corrosive sublimate, the salts of lead, iodide of potas- 
sium, and nitrate of silver should always be prescribed alone, 
except in the following instances: («) Corrosive sublimate 
may be given with potassium iodide, since it will throw down 
a precipitate which redissolves and forms a double salt. (6) 
Nitrate of silver may be used with extract of opium or hyos- 
cyamus. 
16. Syrup of squill should not be given with ammonium 
carbonate, as it contains acetic acid. Ammonium chloride 
is not incompatible with it. 
17. Cherry-laurel water should not be prescribed with 
morphine, as it may form the poisonous cyanide of mor- 
phine. 
18. Chloral and potassium cyanide should never be placed 
in the same prescription, as they will decompose each other, 
setting free hydrocyanic acid. 
19. Cocaine and borax when added together form an insol- 
uble borate of cocaine. Boric acid and cocaine do not result 
in this formation. 
20. Calomel and antipyrine are said to be incompatible, as 
are also sweet spirit of nitre and antipyrine. 
21. Waters cannot be used in preparing saturated solutions 
of drugs, as they are already loaded with a volatile substance. 
Incom'petence or Incompetency, in-kom'pe-ten-se. 
Inadequacy or insufficiency of an organ or function. 
I. of the aor'tic and mi'tral valves of the heart, 
see Insufficiency. I., men'tal, condition of mind re- 
sulting in irresponsibility of the individual. 
Incomplete, in-kom-plete'. Term applied to in- 
guinal hernia when the protrusion is not large enough 
to follow the course of the entire canal and make its 
exit at the external ring. 
Incompressibility, in-kom-pres-sib-il'it-e (in, neg., 
comprimo, to squeeze together). Capability of being 
incompressible. 
Incontinence, in-kon'tin-ence. Want of power to 
control certain functions or acts, as I. of faeces, incon- 
tinence as to fecal evacuations; I., seminal, sperma- 
torrhoea; I. of urine, incontinence of urine. 
Incontinentia, in-kon-tin-en'she-ah (in, contineo, to 
contain). Incontinence. Inability to retain the 
natural evacuations. Abuse of the pleasures of love. 
I. al'vi, diarrhoea; undue admixture of excrement; 
see Incontinence. I. sem'inis, spermatorrhoea. I. 
uri'nae, incontinence of urine. 
Incoordination, in-ko-or-din-a'shun. Want of cor- 
respondence between mental and muscular action. 
Irregular muscular action, as in locomotor ataxia and 
other conditions. I., locomo'tor, muscular incoordina- 
tion of locomotor ataxia and alcoholic intoxication. 
Incorporation, in-kor-por-a'shun (in, corpus, a body). 
Operation by which medicines are mixed with soft or 
liquid bodies to give them a certain consistence. 
Thorough admixture of various substances. 
Incrassantia, in-kras-san'she-ah (in, crassus, thick). 
Medicines once believed to possess the power of thick- 
ening the humors, as mucilaginous substances. 
Incrassa'tion. Thickening; inspissation. 
Increase, in'kreese (in, cresco, to grow). Augmenta- 
tion of the size or weight of a body, by the application 
of new molecules around those already existing. 
Incremable, in-krem'a-b'l. Incapable of being con- 
sumed by fire. 
Incremation, in-kre-ma'shun. Cremation. 
Increment, in'kre-ment. Growth, increase. 
Incruciatio, in-kru-se-ah'she-o (in, crucio, to cross). 
Decussation. I. nervo'rum optico'rum, chiasm. 
Incrustation, in-krus-ta'shun (in, crusta, crust). Act 
of forming a crust on the surface of a body. The crust 
itself. Calcareous or cartilaginous deposit in organs. 
Healing by scabbing or subcrustaceous cicatrization. 
Incuba'tion (incubo, to lie upon). Word used in 
natural history for sitting of birds upon their eggs or 
development of the fecundated ovum. Maintenance 
of temperature of warm air, say of 98° Fahr., around 
a diseased part. Employed figuratively in medicine 
for the period that elapses between the introduction 
of a morbific principle into the animal economy and INCUBATIVE 
the invasion of the disease. The following table 
(Vierordt) has been arranged to show the 
Period of Incubation of the more Important 
Diseases. 
(See Eruptive Fevers for the period of incubation of diseases 
of that class.) 
Plague 2-7 days. 
Diphtheria 2-3 " 
Recurrent fever . . . 6-9 " 
Epidemic cerebro-spi- 
nal meningitis . . . 4-5 " (S. Richter). 
Malaria About 14 days (6-20). 
Asiatic cholera .... 2-4 days (also less), 36-45 hours (Banti) 
(also only 24-30). 
Dysentery 3-8 days. 
Yellow fever 2-3 " 
Mumps 7-14 " (4-25), 20-22 hours, less often 
14-18 (Rilliet and Lombard). 
Pneumonia Probably 4 days (2-7) (Caspar). At ut- 
most, 2 days (N. Flindt). 
Influenza Stated at 5-11 days (Kormann). 
Syphilis 3-4 weeks (up to appearance of local 
symptoms); most frequently 15-25, 
less frequently 20-30, days. 
Second incubation . 6-7 weeks. 
Total length of time 
up to general af- 
fection 9-11 weeks. 
Anthrax 4-7 days (appearance of carbuncle). 
Glanders 3-5 days. 
Erysipelas 15 hours; very latest, 61 hours. 
Hydrophobia .... 20-59 days, very latest (Ph. Bauer). 
Incubative, in'ku-ba-tiv. Relating to incubation, 
as the incubative period of a disease. 
Incubator, in'ku-ba-tor (incubo, to hatch). Ar- 
rangement for hatching eggs artificially by preserv- 
ing an equable temperature, or for developing and 
maintaining vitality in children prematurely born. 
An incubator is also employed in bacteriological work 
for development of certain forms of bacteria at a 
higher temperature than that usually required for 
others. See Couveuse. 
Incubitio (in-ku-bish'e-o) or Incubitus, in-ku'bit- 
us. Incubation. 
Incubus (in'ku-bus) or In'cubo. Nightmare; wild- 
mare. Sensation of a distressing weight at the epigas- 
trium during sleep, and of impossibility of motion, 
speech, or respiration; the patient awaking in terror 
after extreme anxiety. It often arises from difficult 
digestion or uneasy position or in consequence of se- 
vere emotions. The sensation of suffocation was for- 
merly ascribed to the person being possessed; the male 
spirits were called incubes, the female succubes. I. 
vigilan'tium, daymare. This is produced during 
wakefulness, the sense of pressure being severe and 
extending over the abdomen; respiration frequent, 
laborious, and constricted; eyes fixed; sighing deep 
and violent; intellect undisturbed. 
Incudeus, in-ku'de-us. Laxator tympani muscle. 
Incunabula, in-ku-nab'u-lah. Swathing or swad- 
dling clothes or bands. 
Incuneatio, in-ku-ne-ah'she-o (in, cuneus, a wedge). 
Gomphosis. Impaction. See Wedged. 
Incurable, in-ku'ra-b'l. Remediless; irremediable 
(in, cura, cure). Not susceptible of cure (applied to 
patients and diseases). 
Incuria, in-ku're-ah (in, cura, care). Want of care; 
neglect. 
Incursus arteriarum, in-kur'sus ar-ter-e-ar'um (in, 
curro, to run). Impulse ; pulse. 
Incurvation, in-kur-va'shun (in, curvo, to crook). 
Production of a curve; curved condition of a part. 
Incus, in'kus (anvil). Small bone of the ear, so 
called from fancied resemblance to a smith's anvil; 
situate in the cavity of the tympanum between the 
malleus and orbicular bone. 
Indagation, in-dag-a'shun (indago, to trace out). 
Examination of the vagina with the finger. 
Indentation. Notched condition produced by 
pressure, as of the teeth on the tongue in glossitis. 
Index, in'deks (indico, to point out). Something 
that points as an indicator; forefinger, index finger. 
See Digitus. I., alve'olar, ratio of basialveolar to basi- 
574 
INDIGESTION 
nasal length of skull, the latter being taken at 100°. 
I., bas'ilar, ratio of prominence of skull, on plane 
surface anterior to basion, to prominence of whole 
skull. I., cephal'ic, index of cranium, especially in 
regard to ratio of maximum length to maximum 
breadth; skulls with a breadth-index above 80 are 
brachycephalic; from 75 to 80, mesaticephalic; below 
75, dolichocephalic. I., ceph'alo-fa'cial, ratio of com- 
bined capacity of orbits and nasal fossae to capacity of 
skull. I., ceph'alo-na'sal, ratio of capacity of nasal 
fossae to that of skull. I., ceph'alo-or'bital, ratio of 
capacity of orbits to that of skull. I., ceph'alo-rachid'- 
ian or ceph'alo-spi'nal, ratio between area of occipital 
foramen and capacity of skull. I., cer'ebral, ratio 
of largest diameters, or transverse diameters, of brain 
to antero-posterior. I., cer'ebro-fa'cial, I., cephalo- 
facial. I., cra'nial, see I., cephalic. I. of the 
ear, ratio of breadth of ear to its length. 
I., fa'cial, ratio of greatest width of face to 
greatest length. I., fron'tal, ratio of smallest frontal 
diameter of skull to greatest transverse diameter. I., 
fron'to-pari'etal, ratio of smallest frontal diameter 
to greatest width of skull. I., gnath'ic, I., alveolar; 
see I., cranial. I. of the head, ratio of greatest height 
of face to greatest diameter. I., hu'mero-ra'dial, 
relative length of forearm to arm, latter being taken 
at 100. The index is higher in the foetus and infant. 
I., orb'ital, ratio of vertical height of base of orbit 
to transverse width. I., pel'vic, ratio of antero-pos- 
terior to transverse diameter of pelvis. I., refrac'tive, 
ratio between sines of angles of incidence and refrac- 
tion when a ray of light passing from one medium to 
another is refracted. I., rhinocephal'ic, ratio of ca- 
pacity of nasal fossae to that of the skull. I., sac'ral, 
ratio of maximum length of sacrum to maximum 
width. I., scap'ular, ratio of maximum length and 
width of scapula. I., thora'cic, ratio of antero-pos- 
terior diameter of the thorax to its maximum trans- 
verse diameter at the inferior extremity of the ster- 
num. 
Indian arrowwood, in'de-an ar'roh-wood. See 
Euonymus. I. bread, see Lycoperdon tuber. I. cup, 
Sarracenia purpurea. I. hemp, Cannabis Indica. I. 
loaf, see Lycoperdon tuber. I. mal'low, Abutilon 
avicennse. I. paint, Hydrastis Canadensis'. I. phys'ic, 
Gillenia trifoliata; small-flowered Gillenia stipulacea. 
India-rub'ber. Caoutchouc. 
Indican (in'de-kan) or In'dicane. Yellow acid 
material obtained from Isatis tinctoria, also from 
bloody perspiration, urine, etc.; in the urine espe- 
cially in wasting diseases, peritonitis, constipation, 
etc., and giving that fluid a bluish coloration by its 
spontaneous decomposition. Excessive quantity of 
indican in urine is called Indicanu'ria. 
Indicant, in'de-cant (indico, to point out). Any- 
thing pointing out the means to be used for cure of 
disease. 
Indicanuria, in-dik-an-u're-ah. See Indican. 
Indicating (in'de-kat-ing) day. The middle day 
of the septenary was so called because it was thought 
it would give indications of the crisis to occur on the 
last day of the septenary. 
Indication, in-de-ka'shun. The object proposed in 
the employment of means for the cure of disease; 
manifestation afforded by the disease of what is 
proper to be done for its removal or alleviation; 
symptom. 
Indicator, in'dik-a-tor. Extensor proprius indicis. 
See Digitus and Index. 
Indifferent, in-dif'fer-ent. Not differentiated or 
capable of differentiation (in embryology). 
Indigenous, in-dij'en-us (indi, in, geno, gigno, to 
generate). Inborn; native in a country, in opposition 
to exotic. 
Indigestion, in-de-jest'yun (in, digero, to set in 
order). Lack of or difficulty in digestive action. If 
the symptoms are those of derangement of intestinal 
functions, it is called intestinal indigestion; dyspepsia. 
I., al'kaline, see Dyspepsia. I., gas'tric, stomachal 
indigestion or dyspepsia. I., intes'tinal, difficult 
digestion from causes acting in the intestine. It INDIGITATION 
occurs usually two or three hours after eating. I., 
neu'tral, see Dyspepsia. 
Indigitation, in-dij-it-a'shun (in, digitus, finger). 
Intussusception. 
Indignabundus (in-dig-nah-bun'dus) or Indignato- 
rius, in-dig-na-to're-us (indignari, to be indignant). 
Eectus externus oculi. 
Indigo, in'dig-o (India). A dye-stuff of a deep 
azure-blue color, obtained by a fermentative process 
from Indigofera anil (I. suffruticosa), I. argentea (I. 
articulata or tinctoria or glauca or colorata), and I. 
tinctoria or Indica; sometimes used by the apothecary 
for coloring preparations. It has been administered 
internally in spasmodic diseases, especially epilepsy, 
chorea, convulsions, etc. I., Amer'lean wild, Bap- 
tisia tinctoria. I., false, see Sophora tinctoria, Galega 
officinalis. I. plant, indigofera and indigo. I. weed, 
wild or yellow Sophora tinctoria. 
In'digo-car'mine test. Used for testing urine for 
sugar by means of indigo, carmine, and sodium car- 
bonate. 
Indigofera, in-dig-of'er-ah (indigo, fero, to bear). 
See Indigo, Sophora tinctoria. I. angustifoTia, species 
of E. Indies, from which indigo is procured; root is 
tonic and antipyretic. I. anil, W. Indian species, 
important source of indigo; root is employed in cal- 
culus and syphilis ; leaves are tonic and antipyretic, 
and externally emollient. I. argente'a or articula'ta, 
species of E. Indies and Asia; seeds are anthelmintic, 
root is used in gonorrhoea, and root and leaves have 
similar therapeutic action to I. anil. I. aspalathi- 
fo'lia, species of E. Indies, root of which is given in 
aphthous conditions of the mouth; other parts are 
used in cancer and] elephantiasis. I. enneaphyl'la, 
species of E. Indies, infusion of which is diuretic; 
juice is given in scurvy, syphilis, etc. I. gla'bra, of 
E. Indies, resembles I. anil. I. glau'ca, I. argentea. 
I. In'dica, I. tinctoria. I. oblongifo'lia, of Arabia, 
is employed in colic. I. paucifo'lia, wild indigo, is 
employed in the E. Indies, the root being cathartic; 
stem is used for a gargle in mercurial sore mouth. I. 
tincto' ria, common indigo plant of E. Indies; leaves 
are alterative and employed in inflammation of the 
liver, as well as externally over the bladder to promote 
urination; the root is antilithic. I. trifolia'ta, leaves 
of this E. Indian tree are tonic, alterative, astringent, 
and demulcent. 
Indigotin, in-dig-o'tin. C16H10N2O2. Coloring 
matter of indigo, a blue uncrystallizable powder. 
Indigouria, in-dig-oo're-ah (indigo, ouron, urine). 
When indican in urine becomes decomposed, indigo 
is found in the urine; hence the name. 
Indigum, in'dig-um. Indigo. 
Indisposition, in-dis-po-zish'un (in, dispono, to put 
in order). The state of being unwell: slight func- 
tional disturbance scarcely deserving the name of 
disease. 
Indissoluble, in-dis-sol'u-b'l. Insoluble. 
Indium, in'de-um. Very soft white metal; not 
important medically. 
In'dol. Crystalline substance, CsHtN, to which has 
been ascribed the characteristic odor of feces; one 
of the results of digestion in the small intestines. 
Indolent, in'do-lent (in, doleo, to be in pain). Ex- 
hibiting little or no pain ; slow in growth. 
Indolentia, in-do-len'she-ah. Cessation or absence 
of pain. 
Indoles, in'dol-ees (inolesco, to grow). Natural dis- 
position or character. I. an'imi, natural disposition 
or character of mind. I. mor'bi, nature or character 
of a disease. 
Indosynclonus, in-do-sin'klon-us (Ind, India, sun- 
klonos, tremor). Beriberi. 
Induced electricity, in-duced' e-lek-tris'it-e. Fara- 
dization. 
Inductio, in-duk'she-o (induco, to lead in). Action 
of spreading a plaster upon linen or upon a surface. 
Induction, in-duk'shun. Bringing on anything, 
as labor. See Inductio. I., electric'ity of, fara- 
dization. 
Inductometer, in-duk-tom'et-ur (induco, to induce, 
575 
INFANTICIDE 
metron, measure). Instrument for determining the 
degree of electrical induction. ' 
Indu'cula (induo, to put on). Strait waistcoat. 
Indumentum, in-du-men'tum (induo, to put on). 
Covering or surrounding of a part or organ. I. cor'dis, 
pericardium. I. ner'vi or nervo'rum, neurilemma; 
perineurium. I. ventriculo'rum, lining membrane of 
the ventricles of the brain. I. vit'reum, enamel. 
Indurans, in-du'rans (in, durus, hard). Medicine 
which hardens the part to which it is applied. 
Indurated, in'du-ra-ted (in, durus, hard). Hard- 
ened; applied to lesions with induration. Affected 
with induration or hardening, as indurated chancre. 
Induratio, in-du-rah'she-o. Induration. I. cu'tis, 
scleroderma, sclerema cutis. I. glandula'rum, schir- 
rous cancer of glandular structures. I. Hunte'ri, 
Hunterian or indurated chancre. I. intestino'rum, 
scirrhus of the intestines. I. malig'na, scirrhus. I. 
re'num, induration of the kidneys. I. te'lee cellu- 
lo'sse neonato'rum, sclerema neonatorum; see Indu- 
ration. I. testic'uli or tes'tis, inflammation and in- 
duration of the testicle. I. thyreoi'deae, goitre. I. 
ventric'uli scirrho'sa, schirrus of the stomach. 
Induration, in-du-ra'shun. Hardening. Hardness 
supervening occasionally in an inflamed part; a ter- 
mination of inflammation, and owing to change in 
the nutrition of the part. I. of are'olar or ceVlular 
tis' sue, Compact oedema of infants, Sclerosis, Skin- 
bound disease, Skinbind, Skintight, Hidebound. Dis- 
ease attacking infants a few days after birth. Indu- 
ration of the areolar tissue of the adult is a result of 
inflammation of the corium, chorionitis. Two forms 
have been described: acute, or sclerema elevatum, and 
chronic, or sclerema atrophicum. I., atroph'ic pig'- 
mentary, alterations in pigment of the mucous 
membrane of the stomach, with atrophy of the gland- 
ular structure, induration being due to hyperplasia 
of the fibrous connective tissue. I. of the brain, 
induration and atrophy of the cerebral tissue. I., 
brown, condition in which, after the congestive stage 
of pneumonia and valvular obstruction, pigment 
from the circulation is deposited in the structure 
of the lung. I., cyanot'ic, condition in which, after 
prolonged venous congestion, a hardened mass is 
formed of transuded blood and serum. I., fi'brous, 
interstitial pneumonia. I., mi'tral, thickening and 
hardening of the mitral valve, as in some forms of 
endocarditis. I., pig'ment, I., brown. I., plas'tic, of 
pe'nis, sclerosis of penis. I., primitive, chancre. I., 
specific, syphilitic chancre. 
Indurescentia, in-du-res-sen'she-ah. Induration, 
or production of it. 
Indusium, in-du'ze-um (shirt, small tunic). Mem- 
branous covering or coat. Amnion. 
Inebriant, in-e'bre-ant (in, ebrio, to intoxicate). 
Intoxicating. 
Inebriation, in-e-bre-a'shun. Drunkenness. 
Inebri'ety. Drunkenness; habitual intoxication. 
Inedia, in-e'de-ah (in, edo, to eat). Fasting. Ano- 
rexia. 
Inertia, in-er'she-ah (iners, inactive). Sluggish- 
ness, inactivity. I. of the womb, diminution and 
even total cessation of the contractions of the uterus 
during labor. Languor after expulsion of the foetus; 
atony of the uterus; paralysis of the uterus. 
Inesine, in'e-seen. Alkaloid from hairs of seeds of 
Strophanthus hispidus. 
Inesis (in-e'sis) or Inethmos, in-eth'mos. Purga- 
tion, evacuation, excretion. 
Infancy, in'fan-se (in, fans, speaking). Early child- 
hood. Childhood, including age from birth till the 
seventh year. See Age. 
Infans, in'fans. Infant, baby, child, one in in- 
fancy. In law one who has not attained the age of 
legal capacity, generally fixed at twenty-one years. 
I. re'cens na'tus, new-born child. 
Infantia, in-fan'she-ah. Infancy. 
Infanticide, in-fant'i-side (infans, child, csedo, to 
kill). Child-murder. Murder of a child newly born, 
or on the point of being born, by actual commission 
or omission of cares necessary to its preservation, INFARCT 
Infarct, in-farkt' (in, farcio, to stuff)- Plug or ob- 
struction in a canal or blood-vessel; extravasation of 
blood. Thick deposit in a tissue after long inflam- 
mation. 
Infarction, in-fark'shun (in, farcio, to stuff). Ob- 
struction of the intestines by undigested masses of 
food. Obstruction of other tissues or organs by em- 
bolism, extravasation, or infiltration. Infarct, or for- 
mation of the same. 
Infarctus, in-fark'tus. See Infarct and Infarction. 
Obstruction. I. hsemopto'icus Laennec'ii, see Hemop- 
tysis. I., hemorrhag'ic, condition dependent on 
hyperaemia or congestion from capillary embolism; 
rupture and extravasation resulting from pressure of 
the blood within circumscribed spaces. I. intesti- 
no'rum, obstruction of the intestines. I. lac'tei ex- 
tremitat'um, phlegmatia dolens. I. lie'nis, tumefac- 
tion of the spleen. I. mam'mse lac'teus, knotty 
tumor of the female mammae, owing to the accumu- 
lation and arrest of milk in the galactophorous ducts. 
I. rena'lis, obstruction in course of blood or urine in 
the kidney of the new-born. I. u'teri, obstruction 
of the womb or of the vessels of the womb. 
Infectant, in-fek'tant (inficio, to taint). That which 
can taint or infect. 
Infected, in-fek'ted. Tainted with morbid matter 
of disease. 
Infectio, in-fek'she-o. Infection. I. purulen'ta, 
see Pyoheemia. 
Infection, in-fek'shun. Material essential to, and 
concerned in the propagation and spread of, commu- 
nicable diseases. Process by which disease is com- 
municated to an individual by diseased germs from 
the external atmosphere. See Contagion. I., pu'ru- 
lent, pyohaemia. I., pu'trid, septicaemia. I., sep'tic, 
influence of septic germs on healing of wounds. I. 
by vicin'ity, power of extension of a tumor to neigh- 
boring parts, without seeming to be connected with 
the primary growths. 
Infectious, in-fek'shus. See Contagious. 
Infecund, in-fek'und. Sterile. 
Infecundity, in-fek-un'dit-e (in, fecundus, fruitful). 
Unfruitfulness; sterility. See Fecundity. 
Infer ent, in'fer-ent. See Afferent. 
Inferior, in-fe're-or. Lower. 
Inflbulation, in-fib-u-la'shun (in, fibula, clasp). An 
operation, formerly practised, consisting in passing a 
ring through the prepuce, after having drawn it over 
the glans, to prevent coition. In women, to preserve 
their chastity, the ring was passed through the labia 
majora. 
infiltrated, in'fil-tra-ted. Affected with infiltra- 
tion. 
Infiltration, in-fil-tra'shun (in, filtro, to filter). 
Effusion. Passage or effusion of a fluid into the 
areolae of any texture, and particularly of the are- 
olar membrane. The fluid effused is ordinarily the 
liquor sanguinis, sometimes blood or pus, faeces, or 
urine. When infiltration of a serous fluid is general, 
it constitutes anasarca; when local, cedema. I., albu'- 
minoid, albu'minous, or am'yloid, amyloid degen- 
eration; see Lardaceous. I., black, anthracosis. I., 
calca'reous, see Cretifaction. I., choles'terine, see 
Lardaceous. I., col'loid, colloid degeneration. I., 
drop'sical, cedema. I., fat'ty, see Fatty. I., fi'brin- 
ous, effusion of plastic lymph into the structure of in- 
flamed tissue. I., gelat'inous, effusion of jelly-like 
matter into spaces between miliary tubercles. I., 
med'ullary, coalescence of affected glands of the intes- 
tine in typhoid fever. I., my'eloid, infiltration of 
bones with characteristic cells of medullary tumors. 
I., cedem'atous, cedema. I., pig'mentary, see Pig- 
mentation. I., pu'rulent, see Purulent and Hepatiza- 
tion. L, sangin'eous, extravasation of blood; ecchy- 
mosis. I., se'rous, cedema. I., tuber'cular or tuber'- 
culous, I. with tubercle. I., wax'y, see Lardaceous. 
Infinitesimal, in-fin-it-es'im-al (in, finitus, limited). 
Unlimited. Epithet employed by the homoeopathists 
for their endless subdivisions of drugs; the decillionth 
of a grain, for example, is an " infinitesimal dose." 
Infinitovist, in-fin'it-ov-ist. One who believes that 
576 
» INFLAMMATION 
all organized bodies are the result of the development 
of germs encased in each other ad infinitum. 
Infirm, in-firm' (in, firmus, firm). Not firm or 
sound; weak; feeble. 
Infirmarium (in-fur-mar'e-um), Infirmary (in-fur'- 
ma-re), or Infirmatorium, in-fur-mat-o're-um. Hos- 
pital. 
Infirmity, in-furm'it-e. Disease which has become 
habitual, owing either to its chronic character or its 
numerous relapses. 
Inflamed' (in, flamma, flame). Phlogosed. Affected 
with inflammation. 
Inflammable (in-flam'ma-b'l). Liable to inflamma- 
tion or to catch fire. I. air, carburetted hydrogen. 
Inflammatio, in-flam-mah'she-o. Inflammation; 
phlegmon. I. abdomina'lis, inflammation of any of 
the abdominal viscera. I. adhesi'va, adhesive in- 
flammation. I. artic'uli maxil'lse inferio'ris, in- 
flammation of the articulation of the lower jaw. I. 
au'ris, otitis. I. bronchio'rum, bronchitis. I. cse'ci, 
typhlo-enteritis. I. cap'sulae len'tis, inflammation 
of membrane of the lens. I. catarrha'lis, catarrh. 
I. cerebel'li, cerebellitis. I. clitor'idis, I. of the 
clitoris; nymphitis. I. conjuncti'vse, see Ophthalmia. 
I. cor'nese, keratitis. I. cox'se, Inflammation of the 
parts about the hips. I. croupo'sa, croupy inflam- 
mation. I. cys'tidis fel'lese, I. of the gall-bladder. 
I. deb'ilis, see Inflammation. I. epiglot'tidis, epi- 
glottitis. I. erysipelato'des, erysipelato'sa, or 
erythe'ma, erysipelatous inflammation. I. exanthe- 
mat'ica, exanthem. I. exul'cerans, ulcerative in- 
flammation. I. fau'cium, cynanche, isthmitis. I. 
gas'teris, gastritis. I. ge'nse, gnathitis, melitis. I. 
gingi'vse, I. of the gum. I. glandula'rum lymphat- 
ica'rum, hydradenitis, lymphadenitis. I. glandula'- 
rum sublingua'llum, I. of sublingual glands. I. 
gu'lse, oesophagitis. I. hep'atis, hepatitis. I. hep'- 
atis len'ta, hepatitis (chronic). I. inter'na, empres- 
ma. I. intestino'rum, enteritis. I. i'ridis, iritis. I. 
jec'orls, I. of the liver. I. laryn'gls, laryngitis. I. 
lie'nis, I. of the spleen. I. ligamento'rum, I. of liga- 
ments. I. lin'guse, I. of tongue. I. mediastl'ni, 
mesodmitis. I. medul'lse spina'lis, myelitis. I. 
mus'culi pso'as, psoitis. I. musculo'rum, myositis. 
I. musculo'rum abdomina'lium, myocceliitis. I. 
nervo'rum, neuritis. I. occul'ta, latent inflamma- 
tion. I. oculo'rum, ophthalmia. I. oesoph'agl, 
oesophagitis. I. omen'ti, epiploitis. I. os'sis, osteitis. 
I. ova'ril, oaritis. I. pala'ti, hyperoitis. I. pan- 
creat'is, pancreatitis. I. parenchymat'ica, paren- 
chymatitis. I. parot'idum, parotitis, cynanche parot- 
idsea. I. pec'toris, pleurisy. I. pec'toris acu'ta, 
pneumonia. I. peracu'ta, hyperphlogosis, hyperphleg- 
masia. I. pericar'dii, pericarditis. I. perior'bitse, 
ophthalmia. I. perios'tei, periostitis. I. perlos'tel 
or'bitse, periorbitis. I. peritonss'i, peritonitis. I. 
phagedse'nica, phagedsena. I. pharynge'a or pha- 
ryn'gis, pharyngitis; cynanche pharyngea. I. 
phreni'tls, phrenitis. I. pieu'rse, pleuritis. I. pneu- 
mon'ica, pneumonia. I. pulmo'num, pneumonia. 
I. re'num, nephritis. I. re'num succenturiato'rum, 
paranephritis. I. ret'inae, dictyitis, retinitis. I. 
rheumat'ica, inflammatory rheumatism. I. sclerot'- 
icae, sclerotitis. I. scro'ti, oschitis. I. sep'ti 
transver'si, diaphragmitis. I. sin'uum fronta'- 
lium, I. of frontal sinuses. I. stom'achi, gastritis. 
I superflc'iei inter'na cor'dis, endocarditis. I. 
te'lae cellulo'sae, ethmyphytis. I. te'lae fibro'sae, 
inohymenitis. I. tes'tium, hernia humoralis. I. 
tonsilla'rum, cynanche tonsillaris. I. tor'plda, 
asthenic inflammation. I. tu'nicae hyaloi'deae, 
hyalitis. I. tym'pani, tympanitis. I. ure'thrae, gon- 
orrhoea. I. usto'ria, burn or scald. I. u'teri, me- 
tritis. I. u'teri catarrha'lis, see Metritis. I. u'teri 
et peritonae'i, metroperitonitis. I. u'vulae, uvulitis. 
I. vaso'rum, angeitis. I. vaso'rum lymphatico'rum, 
angeioleucitis. I. ventric'uli, gastritis. I. ventric'- 
uli et intestino'rum, gastro-enteritis. I. vesi'cae, 
cystitis. I. vesi'cae fel'lese, inflammation of the 
gall-bladder. 
Inflammation (in, flamma, flame). Inflammation is INFLAMMATION 
not easily defined, except by its symptoms and path- 
ological changes. Simple accumulation of blood in 
the capillaries is hypersemia, not inflammation. The 
latter requires, in addition, altered nutrition of the 
blood-vessels and of surrounding tissues. These may 
be thus described in an abstract (Green): 
The process of inflammation comprises changes in 
the blood-vessels and circulation, exudation of fluid 
and of blood-corpuscles from the vessels, and changes 
in the inflamed tissues. All these changes go on 
together. 
1. Changes in the Blood-vessels and Circulation.-Ex- 
periments on animals show that, as a rule, the first 
effect of injury is to cause dilatation of the arteries, 
which gradually extends to the veins and capillaries ; 
this steadily and slowly increases for several hours, 
associated at the commencement of the process with 
acceleration in the flow of blood for a short time, fol- 
lowed by a considerable retardation in the circula- 
tion, the vessels still remaining dilated. Pulsation is 
now evident in the smallest arteries, and the stream 
is slow enough to allow of the distinction of individ- 
ual corpuscles in the capillaries and smaller veins- 
perhaps even in the arterioles. The acceleration or 
determination of blood is not constant, and often sub- 
sides without the occurrence of any of the character- 
istic phenomena of inflammation. In some cases con- 
traction occurs, after which dilatation with slowed 
stream commences. This dilatation with diminished 
velocity comes on slowly, is constant and permanent 
so long as the cause acts, and must be regarded as 
the essential vascular change of the inflammation. 
Narrowing of the veins by layers of leucocytes, among 
which there are no red corpuscles, now increases the 
obstruction to the circulation, which becomes slower 
and slower. The red corpuscles, with some white, 
accumulate in the capillaries, which appear as if dis- 
tended by a red injection-mass. After a time all on- 
ward movement ceases in the capillaries, and their 
contents sway to and fro with the pulse. This is 
the stage of oscillation, and it is succeeded by that 
of stasis, in which no movement of any kind occurs. 
Finally, thrombosis or coagulation may take place. 
2. Escape of Fluid and of Blood-corpuscles from the 
Vessels.-In most inflammations the escape of white 
corpuscles from the vessels is far in excess of that of 
the red; but in the most severe, in which stagnation 
is induced in a large number of capillaries, the usual 
state of affairs may be reversed. From such capil- 
laries red corpuscles almost alone pass out, occupy 
the interstices of the tissues, and give the exudation 
a hemorrhagic character, whereas if the blood is in 
motion, most red corpuscles pass through the inflamed 
area, whilst the stickier white adhere to the wall. 
Intensity of injury and vascularity (i. e. number of 
capillaries) determine the proportion of red corpus- 
cles in an exudation. They pass out chiefly from the 
capillaries, and several often escape 'in quick succes- 
sion from one spot, giving rise to a red spot visible to 
the naked eye as a punctiform hemorrhage. No rup- 
ture of vessels occurs, as may be shown by injection. 
Both red and white corpuscles at first remain near 
the vessels whence they have escaped, but they are 
pushed away by other corpuscles, washed away by 
the escaping fluid, and the white corpuscles move 
away by their peculiar power of locomotion. Thus 
they may ultimately be found far from their source. 
It seems almost certain that Cohnheim's view is cor- 
rect-viz. that all new cells found in inflamed tissues 
as a direct result of the injury which caused the pro- 
cess are escaped blood-corpuscles. 
One of the earliest effects of the vascular changes 
in inflammation is increased exudation of fluid. The 
composition of inflammatory effusion is not constant. 
In the most acute inflammations it contains a large 
number of red corpuscles; in less severe, white cor- 
puscles are greatly in excess of the red. The more 
severe the process, the more nearly does the fluid 
approach plasma in its composition and tendencies, 
whilst in the less severe it becomes very like the fluid 
in mechanical hypersemia. 
577 
INFLAMMATION 
3. Changes in the Inflamed Tissues.-The tissues of 
an inflamed, part are softer than natural, watery or 
solid-looking, and in either case the component tis- 
sues are blurred or altogether indistinguishable. 
Microscopically, the tissue-elements are at first sep- 
arated by fluid and obscured by leucocytes and fibrin- 
filaments; the tissue-cells, when not obscured by leu- 
cocytes, are either structureless masses from coagula- 
tion-necrosis or are undergoing fatty degeneration; 
the tissue-fibres are swollen, less distinct, and ulti- 
mately degenerate. Red corpuscles are found in 
greater or smaller numbers in even moderately severe 
inflammations. 
The Essential Lesion of Inflammation is, as Lister 
showed, a change in the vessel-wall resulting from 
an injury, which increases the friction naturally 
offered to the passage of the blood, and is a step 
toward death. There is no detectable structural 
alteration of the vessel, however. To cover all that 
we now know of the escape of fluid and corpuscles, 
it is necessary to assume that the molecular change 
not only increases the friction between the blood and 
the vessel-wall, but also that it renders the latter more 
porous. 
The Clinical Signs of Inflammation are redness, heat, 
swelling, pain, and impaired function. Redness and 
heat may be taken together, as depending upon the 
quantity of blood passing through the part in a unit 
of time, which, as a rule, is greater than normal, the 
excess being most marked in the early stage of the 
process, when the part is bright red and hot. Swelling, 
beyond the most trivial due to dilated vessels, arises 
from exudation of fluid and corpuscles. It varies in 
amount with the distensibility of the part, being 
most marked in such as the scrotum and eyelids, 
least so in bone. When due to fluid {oedema), the 
affected part ' pits,' unless it is very tensely stretched. 
Swelling may be absent in cases of slight inflamma- 
tion, in which the lymphatics suffice to carry away 
the increased exudation. Pain is due to pressure of 
the effusion on nerve-endings, perhaps also to chem- 
ical irritation of them. It is greater the more sensi- 
tive and the more rigid the part and the more rapid 
the effusion into it, as is seen in acute suppuration in 
a digital tendon-sheath. It is often throbbing from 
the increase of tension with each heart-stroke. Im- 
paired function is due to the fact that every tissue is 
injured by inflammation. 
Inflammations of the areolar and serous membranes 
greatly agree, and those of the mucous membrane and 
skin; the former being more active, and constituting 
the phlegmonous variety; the latter, the erythematic 
or erysipelatous. Of this variety is the diffusive in- 
flammation produced by morbid poisons, as wounds 
occurring during dissection and in workers in bone, 
hence called bone fever. Inflammation may end by 
resolution, suppuration, gangrene, adhesion, effusion, 
or induration. 
There is an instinctive kind of inflammation estab- 
lished for the union of divided parts, whether the 
union takes place immediately or by the aid of an 
intermediate body. This is the adhesive inflamma- 
tion of some. See Adhesion, Callus, Cicatrix. 
The term inflammation has been extended to include 
every local exaltation of the organic movements 
sufficiently great to disturb the harmony of the func- 
tions and disorganize the texture in which it is sit- 
uate, and to irritations which do not induce disor- 
ganization of textures, and which, were previously, 
and are still, called fevers. Inflammations have also 
been named, according to duration, density, local 
effects, etc., acute, passive, chronic, asthenic, sthenic, 
ulcerative, gangrenous, diffuse, etc. Embolic inflam- 
mation is caused by the plugging of an artery by a 
detached portion of fibrin or other substance driven 
into it by the action of the heart. 
Examination of the blood drawn in inflammation 
exhibits increase of the fibrinous element-the aver- 
age proportion of which, in healthy blood, is about 
three in the thousand. In inflammation it at times 
rises as high as ten. In fevers unaccompanied with INFLAMMATION 
inflammation the proportion is natural or below the 
average; but whenever inflammation supervenes, it 
immediately rises. 
External inflammation is easily detected by the 
characters already mentioned - internal, by dis- 
turbance of function and pain upon pressure; but 
the last sign is often not available. Both forms 
require the removal of all irritation and the reduc- 
tion of vascular excitement and of nervous irritability 
by sedatives, refrigerants, counter-irritants, etc. 
Inflammation is not always active. There is a 
form, inflammatio debilis, occurring in low conditions 
of the system and in broken-down constitutions, 
which requires stimulant rather than sedative treat- 
ment. 
Inflammation, adhe'sive. Variety of inflamma- 
tion in which union of parts takes place by exudation 
of plastic matter; see Inflammation and Adhesion. I., 
adynamic, I., asthenic. I., aplastic, I. in which 
there is exudation of lymph not capable of forming 
tissue. I., artic'ular, arthritis. I., asthenic, I., 
generally chronic, attacking parts of the body that are 
in an unhealthy or weakened condition. I. of blad'- 
der, cystitis. I. of brain, see Encephalitis and Phren- 
itis. I. of cse'cum, typhlo-enteritis. I., ca'seous 
or cheesy, I. in which, from loss of watery constit- 
uents, the exudation becomes yellowish and cheesy. 
I., catar'rhal, catarrh. I., chees'y, I., caseous. I. 
of colon, colitis. I., congestive, inflammation re- 
sulting from intense hyperaemia. I. by contiguity, 
I. extending to parts in the vicinity. I. by continu'- 
ity, I. extending through continuous tissue or tissues. 
I., croup'ous, I. accompanied with croupous or diph- 
theritic exudation. I. of dl'aphragm, diaphragmitis. 
I., diffu'sive, see Inflammation. I., diphtheritic, in- 
flammation accompanied with diphtheritic inflamma- 
tion ; diphtheritis. I., dry, I. without exudation. I. 
of the ear, otitis. I., embolic, inflammation result- 
ing from existence of septic embolus in a blood-vessel. 
I., erethit'ic, inflammation with increased irritabil- 
ity of surface. I., erysipel'atous, erysipelas. I., ery- 
ttiem'atous, erythema; erysipelas. I. of the eye, 
ophthalmia. I., exu'dative, I. with exudation of se- 
rum, mucus, fibrin, or pus. I., fi'brinous, I. with in- 
creased exudation of fibrin. I., gan'grenous, gan- 
grene. L, gen'eral, synocha. I., gonorrhce'al, gon- 
orrhoea. I., health'y, inflammation leading to 
healthy union of parts. I. of the heart, carditis; 
pericarditis; endocarditis. I., hyperplas'tic, in- 
flammation attended with increased formation of con- 
nective tissue. I. hypostatic, inflammation due to 
passive hyperaemia of a part or organ, as in hypo- 
static pneumonia, bedsores, etc. I., inter'nal, in- 
flammation deeply seated in the body. I. in- 
tersti'tial, I. of connective tissue of any part 
or organ. I. of intes'tines, enteritis. I. of His, 
iritis. I. of kid'ney, nephritis. I. of lar'ynx, 
laryngitis. I. of liv'er, hepatitis. I. of lungs, pneu- 
monia. I. of Malpighian bodies, kidney, Bright's 
disease of. I., mem'branous, I., croupous or diph- 
theritic. I. of mes'entery, mesenteritis. I., meta- 
static, inflammation of a part conveyed from an- 
other inflamed part, perhaps at a distance, through 
the circulation. I. of mouth, stomatitis. I. of 
mouth, pseu'domem'branous, stomatitis, pseudo- 
membranous. I. of mouth, pulta'ceous, aphthae. I. 
of mus'cles, myositis. I., necrotic, intense inflam- 
mation leading to necrosis or death of the part af- 
fected. I. of nerves, neuritis. I., neuroparalytic 
or neuropathic, inflammation resulting from weak- 
ened or lost nervous supply to a part. I. of o'vary, 
oaritis. I., parenchym'atous, I. of parenchyma of 
an organ. I. of parotid, cynanche parotidsea. I., 
pellic'ular, diphtheritis. I. of pericar'dium, peri- 
carditis. I. of peritonae'um, peritonitis. I., phage- 
denic, phagedaena. I., phleg'monous, cellulitis. I., 
plas'tic, I. with production of fibrinous or plastic 
material and excess of colorless corpuscles. I. of 
pleu'ra, pleuritis. I., proliferous, of ear, chronic 
inflammation of middle ear, with new formations, 
hypertrophied conditions, adhesions, obstructions, ex- 
578 
INFRACTION 
ostoses, etc. I., pseudomem'branous, I., croupous; 
I. with formation of false membrane. I., putulent, 
I. leading to abscess. I., putrid, I. attended with or 
followed by putrid discharge. I., re'flex, I. in any 
organ, the result of wound or injury of another or 
distant organ. I., rheumat'ic, rheumatic inflamma- 
tion. I., septic, I. from absorption or introduction 
of septic matter, micro-organisms for example. I., 
se'rous, I. of serous membranes, accompanied by 
serous exudation. I., specif'ic, I. from specific cause, 
as syphilis. I., spon'goid, medullary sarcoma; hse- 
matodes fungus; see Encephaloid. I., sthen'ic, I. 
fully developed as to intensity of symptoms in strong 
and healthy individuals. I. of stom'ach, gastritis. 
I., stru'mous, I., scrofulous. I., sympathetic, I., 
reflex. I. of testicle, orchitis; epididymitis; hernia 
humoralis. I. of tongue, glossitis. I. of ton'sil, ton- 
sillitis ; amygdalitis. I., tor'pid, I., passive. I., 
toxic, I. from poisoning, local or systemic. I., trau- 
matic, I. resulting from wound or injury. I., un- 
health'y, intense inflammation causing structural 
modifications. I. of uterus, metritis. I., vas'cular, 
I. involving coats of vessels of any part or organ. I. 
of vein, phlebitis. I. of womb, metritis. 
Inflammatiun'cula (dim. of Inflammatlo). Super- 
ficial and often insignificant inflammation, as of the 
skin. 
Inflam'matory. Phlogistic. Belonging to inflam- 
mation, as inflammatory fever, etc. Blood is said to 
be inflammatory when cupped or buffed. See Corium 
phlogisticum. I. blush, erythema. 
Inflammatus. Inflamed. 
Inflatine, in-flat'een. Alkaloid from seeds of Lo- 
belia inflata. 
Inflatio, in-flah'she-o (in,flo, to blow). Inflation; 
flatulent colic; emphysema; puffiness. I. parotidse'a, 
cynanche parotidsea. I. uteri, physometra. 
Inflation. Distending or distension with gas or 
air; insufflation. I., tympanit'ic, tympanites. 
Inflection. Bending or curving inward. 
Inflex'io (in, flecto, to bend). Bending or curving 
inward. 
Inflexion. Bending or curving inward. 
In'fluens (in, fluo, to flow). Afferent, as a nerve. 
Influentia, in-flu-en'she-ah. Influenza. 
Influen'za (Italian for influence), or Influen'za 
Europse'a. Influence; epidemic catarrh. Severe 
form of catarrh, usually with marked constitutional 
symptoms, as great prostration, chills, excessive se- 
cretion from nose, larynx, and bronchial tubes, cough, 
headache, fever, cardiac oppression, etc., which often 
occurs epidemically, and generally affects a large 
number of persons in a community. See Catarrh, 
epidemic. I., gastric, form of influenza in which 
the stomach is greatly congested. 
Influen'zoid (influenza, eidos, resemblance). Resem- 
bling influenza. 
Informttas (in, forma, form). Deformation or de- 
formity. 
Infortu'nium (in, fortuna, fortune). Misfortune. 
Contrafissura. 
In'fra. As a prefix, beneath. 
In'fra-acrotnio-humera'lis. Deltoid muscle. 
In'fra-aryglottidse'us-arytae'no. Epiglottideus in- 
ferior. 
Infra-atloidse'us. Subatloidseus; second cervical 
nerve. 
In'fra-ax'illary. Below or beneath the axilla. 
Infra-axoidee'us. Subaxoidaeus; third cervical 
nerve. 
Infrabran'chlal. Below the gills. 
Infraclavic'ular. Situate beneath the clavicle, as 
the infraclavicular fossa. 
Infracom'missure. Inferior commissure. 
Infraconstrictor. Inferior constrictor of pharnyx. 
Infracostal. Relating to inferior surface of costa 
or rib. 
Infracosta'lis. Muscular tissue and fascia from 
inferior surface of rib to inferior surface of a rib 
below. 
Infraction. Fracture, greenstick. INFRADIAPHRAGMATIC 
Infradiaphragmat'ic. Situate under the dia- 
phragm. 
Infragen'ual (infra, beneath, genu, knee). Sub- 
patellar. 
Infraglen'oid. Situate below the glenoid cavity. 
Infraglot'tic. Situate below the glottis. 
Infrahy'oid. Situate below the hyoid bone. 
In'fra-in'guinal. Situate below the groin. 
Inframam'mary. Situate beneath the mamma. 
Inframax'illary. Submaxillary; relating to the 
lower jaw. 
Inframaxillosternodym'ia. See Cephalosomato- 
dymia. 
In'fra-obli'quus. Inferior oblique muscle. 
In'fra-occip'ital. Below the occiput. 
In'fra-or'bital or Infra-or'bitar. Suborbitar; below 
the orbit. Inferior portion of orbit. 
Infrapu'bian. Situate beneath the pubis. See Sub- 
pubic. I. lig'ament, triangular ligament. 
Infrarec'tus (infra, rectus, straight). Rectus inferior 
oculi. 
Infrascap'ular. Beneath the scapula. 
Infrascapula'ris. Subscapularis. 
Infraspi'nal. Infraspinous. 
Infraspina'lls. Infraspinatus. 
Infraspina'ta fos'sa. See Infraspinatus. 
Infraspina'tus (infra, spina, spine). Situate be- 
neath the spine of the scapula. Infraspina'ta fos'sa, 
large excavation on the posterior surface of the 
scapula, beneath its spine, filled by the Infraspina'tus 
mus'cle, broad, flat, and triangular, attached by its 
base to the three inner quarters of the fossa, and in- 
serted, by a long tendon, into the middle part of the 
great tuberosity of the os humeri. It turns the arm 
outward, and, when the arm is elevated, carries it 
backward. I. accesso'rius, mi'nor, or secun'dus, 
superior part of infraspinatus muscle arising from 
spine of scapula. 
Infraspi'nous. Below the spine of the scapula. 
Infraster'nal. Below the sternum. 
Infratem'poral. Below the temple. 
Infrathora'cic. Below the thorax. 
Infraton'sillar. Below the tonsil. 
Infratrochanter'ic. Below the trochanter. 
Infratroch'lear. Below the trochlea. 
Infric'tion (in, frico, to rub). Inunction. 
Infrigida'tlon. Refrigeration. 
Infring'ens (in, frango, to break). Corrigent. 
Infundib'ula (pl. of infundibulum) of kid'ney. See 
Calix. I. of the lung, terminal branches and lateral 
twigs given off from the respiratory cavities in which 
the smaller bronchial tubes terminate. 
Infundib'ular or Infundib'uliforxn. Shaped like a 
funnel. I. fas'cia, funnel-shaped layer of membrane 
investing the spermatic cord. 
Infundib'ulo-ova'rian. Relating to ovary and 
Fallopian tube. 
Infundib'ulo-pel'vic. Relating to pelvis and Fal- 
lopian tube. 
Infundib'ulum (in, fundo, to pour). Funnel, of 
which various kinds are employed in pharmaceutical 
operations. Name given to many parts resembling a 
funnel. See Proventriculus and Puhno. In surgery, 
infundibula or funnels are used to direct steam or 
vapors, to conduct the actual cautery to certain mor- 
bid parts, etc. I. of the brain, depression in the 
inferior paries of the middle ventricle, above the 
pituitary gland ; anciently regarded as a canal by 
which the fluid collected in the ventricles of the 
brain was evacuated and poured into the nasal fossae. 
Funnel-shaped process forming prolongation of tuber 
cinereum and terminating in the pituitary body. I. 
cer'ebri, I. of the brain. I. of the coch'lea, this, 
with the modiolus, forms the nucleus around which 
the gyri of the cochlea pass; imperfect funnel, the 
apex of which is common with that of the modiolus, 
and the base is covered with the apex of the cochlea, 
termed cupola. I. cor'dls, conus arteriosus. I. of 
the ear, I. of the cochlea. I. of eth'moid bone, one 
of the anterior cells of that bone, broad and expanded 
above and narrow below; opening above into the 
579 
INFUSUM 
frontal sinus; below into the anterior part of the 
middle meatus of the nasal fossae. I. of Fallo'pian 
tube, see Tube, Fallopian. I. of fron'tal si'nus, I. of 
ethmoid bone. I. of the heart, conus arteriosus. I. 
of the kid'ney, see Calix. I. lacryma'le, lacrymal 
sac. I. of na'sal fos'sse, I. of ethmoid bone. I. ova'- 
ricum, I. of Fallopian tube; see Tube, Fallopian. I. 
tuba'rum Fallo'pii, see Tube, Fallopian. I. ventric'- 
uli, oesophagus. I. ventric'uli ter'tii cer'ebri, I. of 
the brain. 
Infu'sion (infundo, infusum, to pour in). Pharma- 
ceutical operation consisting in pouring a hot or cold 
fluid upon a substance whose medical virtues it is 
desired to extract. Infusion (infusum) is also the 
product of this operation. In surgery, infusion is the 
act of introducing into the veins medicinal substances 
by aid of an instrument called an infusor. See Infu- 
sor. I. of angustu'ra, infusum cuspariae. I. of bark, 
infusum cinchonas. I. of bear'berry, infusum uvae 
ursi. I. of bu'chu, infusum diosmae. I. of calum'- 
ba, infusum calumbse. I. of capsi'cum, infusum 
capsici. I. of cascaril'la, infusum cascarillae. I. of 
cat'echu, infusum catechu compositum. I. of Cay- 
enne' pep'per, infusum capsici. I. of cham'omile, 
infusum anthemidis. I. of chiret'ta, infusum chiret- 
tae. I. of cincho'na, infusum cinchonas. I. of cin- 
cho'na, red, see Infusum cinchonas. I. of cincho'na, 
yel'low, see Infusum cinchonse. I. of cloves, infusum 
caryophilli. I. of colum'bo, infusum calumbae. I. 
of cuspa'ria, infusum cuspariae. I. of dan'delion, 
infusum taraxaci. I. of digita'lis, infusum digitalis. 
I. of dulcama'ra, infusum dulcamarae. I. of er'got, 
infusum ergotae. I. of fox'glove, infusum digitalis. 
I. of gen'tian, compound, infusum gentianae com- 
positum. I. of gin'ger, infusum zingiberis. I. of hops, 
infusum humuli. I. of horse'radish, compound, 
infusum armoraciae compositum. I. of ju'niper, 
infusum juniperi. I. of kous'so, infusum cusso. I. 
of lin'seed, infusum lini compositum. I. of mati'co, 
infusum matico. I. of mint, com'pound, infusum 
menthae compositum. I. of or'ange-peel, infusum 
aurantii. I. of or'ange-peel, com'pound, infusum 
aurantii compositum. I. of parei'ra bra'va, infu- 
sum pareirae. I. of pink'root, infusum spigeliae. I. 
of quas'sia, infusum quassiae. I. of rhat'any, in- 
fusum krameriae. I. of rhu'barb, infusum rhei. I. 
of rose, infusum rosae compositum. I. of roses, ac'id, 
infusum rosae acidum. I. of sage, infusum salviae. 
I. of sarsaparil'la, infusum sarsaparillae. I. of sas'- 
safras pith, infusum sassafras medullae. I. of sen'- 
ega or sen'eka, infusum senegae. I. of sen'na, infu- 
sum sennae. I. of serpenta'ria, infusum serpentariae. 
I. of ser'pentary, infusum serpentariae. I. of sima- 
ru'ba, infusum simarubae. I. of slip'pery elm, in- 
fusum ulmi. I. of snake'root, infusum serpentariae. 
I. of spige'lia, infusum spigeliae. I. of tar, see Finns 
sylvestris. I. of thor'oughwort, infusum eupatorii. 
I. of tobac'co, infusum tabaci. I. of vale'rian, in- 
fusum valerianae. I. of Virgin'ia snake'root, infu- 
sum serpentariae. I. of wild cher'ry or wild-cher'ry 
bark, infusum pruni Virginianae. 
Infu'sor. Instrument for injecting medicinal sub- 
stances into the veins; a kind of funnel, the elon- 
gated apex of which was stopped by a metallic rod, 
which could be withdrawn when the apex was intro- 
duced into a vein. 
Infuso'ria (said to be so called because noticed in 
infusions when left exposed to the air). Microscopic 
animalculae found in various fluids, and multiplying 
by gemmation. I., intes'tinal, infusoria in intestines 
of man and other animals. 
Infu'sum. Infusion. I. aca'ciae cat'echu, I. cat- 
echu compositum. I. ama'rum vino'sum, vinum 
gentianae compositum. I. angustu'rse, I. cuspariae. 
I. anthem'idis (Ph. B.), infusion of chamomile; dose, 
f 3j to I. armora'cise, I. armora'ciae compos'- 
itum, Compound infusion of horseradish (armoracia, 
sinapis, aqua bullient.); dose, f 3;j to !• au_ 
ran'tii (Ph. B.), Infusion of orange-peel (aurant. cort. 
amar., aqua destillat.); dose, to f.?ij- I. auran'tii 
compos'itum (Ph. B.), Compound infusion of orange- INFUSUM 
peel (aurant. cort., limon. cort. recent., caryoph., aq. 
destill, bullient.); dose, f,5j to ij. I. bra'sii, wort. 
I. braye'rae (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Infusion of brayera 
(brayera, ; boiling water, Oj); dose, half a pint. 
I. bu'chu (Ph. Br.), infusum diosmae. I. by'nes, wort. 
I. calum'bae (Ph. Br.), calom'bse, or colom'bae, Infu- 
sion of calumba or columba (calumbo, aq. fervent.); 
dose, to I. cap'sici, Infusion of capsicum 
or Cayenne pepper (capsic., aq. bullient.); dose, f §iss. 
I. caryophyl'li (Ph. Br.), Infusion of cloves (caryoph., 
59 ! aq. destillat. bullient., f'x); dose, to f§ij. 
I. cascaril'laa (Ph. Br.), Infusion of cascarilla (casca- 
rilla, aq. bullient.); made also by percolation ; dose, 
I. cas'siae sen'nae, I. sennse compositum. 
I. cat'echu compos'itum, I. cat'echu (Ph. Br.), or 
I. aca'ciae cat'echu, Compound infusion of catechu 
(catechu, gr. cinnam. cort., gr. xxx; aq. bul- 
lient. destillat., f5x; macerate for an hour and strain; 
Ph. U. S.); dose, to I- chira'tse (Ph. Br.) 
or I. chiret'tae, Infusion of chiretta (chirettae, 5 
aq. destill, at 120°, f ; infuse for half an hour 
and strain); dose, as a tonic, I. cincho'nae 
or I. cincho'nae lancifo'liae, Infusion of cinchona, 
Infusion of baric. The officinal Infusum cinchonee 
(Ph. U. S.) is an infusion of yellow cinchona (cinchon. 
flav. in pulv., §j > acid, sulph. aromat., Tt^lxxx; aquae, 
Oj); dose, same as last. Infusion of red bark-Infu- 
sum cinchome rubric-may be similarly made. I. 
cincho'nae compos'itum, I. cincho'nae flav'ae, I. cin- 
cho'nae lancifo'liae, I. cincho'nae ru'brae, see In- 
fusum cinchonse. I. colum'bae, I. calumbae. I. cuspa'- 
riae (Ph. Br.), I. angusturae, Infusion of cusparia or 
angustura (cuspar. cort., distilled water); dose, f 
to f !• cus'so, Infusion of kousso (kousso, boil- 
ing distilled water; Ph. B.). I. digita'lis (Ph. U. S. 
and Br.), I. digita'lis purpu'rea, Infusion of fox- 
glove, Infusion of digitalis (digital., gr. Iv; aq. bul- 
lient., alcohol, water, ms. to make 
half a pint; cinnamomi, gr. Iv); dose, I. dios'- 
mae, I. buchu, Infusion of buchu (diosma or buchu, ; 
aq. destillat. bullient., dose, I. dulca- 
ma'rae, Infusion of dulcamara (dulcamara, aq. destill, 
bullient.); dose, f I. er'gotae, Infusion of ergot 
(ergot., aq. destillat. bullient.; Ph. B.); dose, as a par- 
turifacient, I. eupato'rii, Infusion of eupato- 
rium or thoroughwort (eupator., aq. bullient.); dose, 
f I. gentian'ae compos'itum (Ph. Br.), Compound 
infusion of gentian (gentian, rad. sliced, aurant. amar. 
cort., cort. limonis recent., aqua destillat. bullient.); 
dose, f to f I. hu'muli, I. lupuli, Infusion of hops 
(humuli, aqua bullient); dose, I. jabo- 
ran'di (Ph. Br.), Infusion of jaborandi (jaborandi, ?ss; 
aq. destillat.bullient., f^x); dose, f§j-ij. I.junip'eri, 
Inf usion of juniper; the common mode of making it is 
by macerating an ounce of juniper berries in a pint 
of boiling water; the whole may be taken in the 
twenty-four hours. I. Br.), Infusion 
of krameria or rhatany (kramer., aq. destillat. 
bullient., dose, f I. li'ni (Ph. Br.), I. 
li'ni compos'itum, or I.' li'ni usitatis'simi, Com- 
pound infusion of linseed, Flaxseed tea (lini sem, gr. 
cl; glycyrrh. rad. exsiccat., gr. 1; aquae destillat. bul- 
lient., f ; dose, a teacupful, ad libitum. I. lu'puli 
(Ph. Br.), infusum humuli. I. mal'ti, wort. I. mati'- 
cae (Ph. Br.), Infusion of matico (matico, Sss; aq. des- 
tillat. bullient., Ph. B.); dose, f 51 ss to f§ij. 
I. men'thae vir'idis, Infusion of spearmint, Mint tea 
(menthae virid., 3ij ; aquae bullient., Oss; infuse for 
an hour, and strain); dose, f 5j to f Siij). !• parei'rae, 
Infusion of pareira brava (pareir., §j ; aq. bullient., 
Oj); dose, or I. pi'cis empyreumat'icae 
liq'uidae, see Pinus sylvestris. I. pi'cis liq'uidae, see 
Pinus sylvestris. I. polyg'alae, infusum senegae. I. 
pru'ni Virginia'nae (Ph. U. S.), Infusion of wild cherry 
or wild-cherry bark (prun. Virginian., 5ss; aquae, 
f 5xij prepared by percolation); dose, f gj to fjjiij. 
I. quas'siae (Ph. Br.) or I. quas'siae excel'sae, Inf usion 
of quassia (quassia lig., gr. Iv; aq., f ,^x); dose, f to 
f I. rhe'i (Ph. Br.), Infusion of rhubarb (rhei, ; 
aq., f §x); dose, to f I. ro'sae ac'idum (Ph. 
Br.), Acid infusion of roses (ros. Gallic., 3>j j acid. 
580 
INGRESSUS 
sulph. dil., f 3j , aq. destillat. bullient., f §x ; Ph. B.). 
I. ro'sae compos'itum or I. ro'sae Gal'licae, Infusion 
of the rose, Compound infusion of rose (ros. Gallic., 3iv; 
aq. bullient., Oiiss; acid, sulph. dil., sacch. 
pulv., giss); dose, f to Oss. I. sal'vise, Infusion 
of sage, Sage tea (salv., §ss; aq. bullient., Oj ; mace- 
rate for half an hour, and strain). I. sarsaparil'lae, 
Infusion of sarsaparillafsarsaparM. contus., ; aquae 
bullient., Oj); dose, f to f §iv. I. sas'safras or 
I. sas'safras medul'lse, Infusion of sassafras pith, 
Mucilage of sassaf ras pith (sassafras medull., gij ; aq. 
(frigid.), Oj ; macerate for three hours, and strain); an 
emollient collyrium and a demulcent drink. I. sen'e- 
gse (Ph. Br.), Infusion ofseneka or senega (seneg., 
aq. destill, bullient., f§x); dose, to f ?iij. I. 
sen'nse (Ph. Br.), Infusion of senna (sennse, ; zin- 
giberis, gr. xxviij; aq. destillat. bullient., f^x); 
dose, f§j to as a cathartic. Black draught, 
Black dose, Black bottle, Haustus niger, is usually 
formed of this infusion. It may be made of infus. 
sennse, f($v; aq. cinnam., ; mannae, 3iv; magnes. 
sulph., 5vj ; dose, a wineglassful. I. sen'nae com- 
pos'itum (Ph. U. S.), Compound infusion of senna. A 
form of senna tea employed for its purgative action; 
dose, f§iv (senna, manna, sulphate of magnesium, 
fennel, boiling water). Popularly known as black 
draught. I. serpenta'riae (Ph. Br.), Infusion of Vir- 
ginia snakeroot, Serpentaria, or Serpentary (serpentar. 
rhizome, £ijj; aq. destillat. bullient., dose, 
I. simaru'bae, Infusion of simaruba (simarub. 
cort., aq. fervent.); dose, f§j to f 5ij. I. spige'liae, 
Infusion of pinkroot or spigelia (spigel., §ss> a<b 
bullient., Oj); dose, f to Oss. I. tab'aci, Infusion 
of tobacco (tabac. fol., 3j 5 aq. ferv., Oj); half of this 
administered per anum in strangulated hernia. I. 
tarax'aci, Inf usion of dandelion or taraxacum (taraxac., 
§ij ; aq. bullient., Oj); dose, as a diuretic, etc. 
I. ul'mi, Infusion of ulmus or slippery elm, Slippery 
elm tea, Mucilage of slippery elm bark (an ounce of 
slippery elm bark in a pint of boiling water). I. 
u'vse ur'si (Ph. Br.), Infusion of uva ursi or bearberry 
(uvse ursi fol., §ss; aquae destill, bullient., f.?x); 
dose, fgj to ij. I. valeria'nse (Ph. Br.), Infusion of 
valerian (valerian, rhizome, 3ij ; aq. destillat. bul- 
lient., f§x); dose, to ij. I. zingib'eris, Infu- 
sion of zingiber or ginger, Ginger tea (zingib. contus., 
5ss; aq. bullient., Oj); dose, f §iss to f §'ij, as a car- 
minative. 
In'ga. Genus of plants, ord. Leguminosse, of S. 
America, possessed of astringent properties. Inga 
bark is used in S. America as a tonic astringent in 
diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, etc. 
Ingen'ium (in, geno, for gigno, to generate). Cha- 
racteristics of child at birth, as natural mental quali- 
ties. I. mor'bi, nature or genius of disease. 
Inges'ta (in, gero, gestum, to bear or carry). Sub- 
stances introduced by the stomach as food, condi- 
ments, drinks, etc. 
Inges'tion (same etymon). Introduction of any- 
thing as food by the mouth. Appropriation of for- 
eign matter by a cell, as in the amoeba, amoeboid cells, 
white corpuscles, etc. 
Ingluvia'tion. Taking and retaining food into a 
cavity, as the crop, to be afterward digested. 
Inglu'vies. Gluttony, insatiableness. Crop, or 
craw, or gorge of birds. First stomach or pouch of 
ruminant animals. Pharynx. 
In'gluvin (ingluvies, gizzard). Preparation from 
the gizzard of a fowl, employed in vomiting, espe- 
cially in vomiting of pregnancy, instead of pepsin. 
Ingras'sias (after Ingrassias, Spanish physician), 
apoph'yses, pro'cesses, or wings of. Lesser ala: of 
the sphenoid bone. 
Ingraves'cent (in, gravesco, to grow heavy). That 
which increases, as ingravescent apoplexy. 
Ingravida'tion (in, gravidus, pregnant). Impregna- 
tion ; fecundation; pregnancy. 
Ingre'dient (ingredior, to enter in). One of the 
component parts, as of a prescription. 
Ingres'sus. Entrance, as into a cavity. I. supe'- 
rior, cardia. INGROWN NAIL 
In'grown nail. Onyxis. See Nail. 
In'growth. Growth having its direction inward. 
In'guen. Bubo, groin; oblique fold or depression 
separating the abdomen from the thigh; properly 
speaking, a line extending from the anterior and 
superior spinous process of the ilium to the middle 
part of the horizontal ramus of the pubis; genital 
organs. I. gonorrhoe'um or gonorrho'icum, gonor- 
rhoeal bubo; see Bubo. I. indura'tum, syphilitic 
bubo; see Bubo, indurated. I. sup'purans, bubo, 
suppurating. I. syphilit'icum, see Bubo. I. viru- 
len'tum, see Bubo. 
In'guinal. Belonging or relating to the groin; 
epithet given to various parts in the region of the 
groin. I. ar'tery, portion of the femoral artery sit- 
uate immediately beneath the crural arch in the in- 
guinal region. I. canal', canal about two inches in 
length, proceeding obliquely downward, inward, and 
forward at the lower part of the abdomen ; through 
which passes the spermatic cord in men and the 
round ligament of the uterus in women. This canal 
is formed inferiorly and anteriorly by the aponeu- 
rosis of the greater oblique muscle; posteriorly by 
the fascia transversalis, which is joined to the pre- 
ceding aponeurosis, and forms with it a deep channel 
into which are received the lesser oblique and trans- 
versalis muscles. The inguinal canal has two aper- 
tures : one, the lower and inner, called the inguinal 
or abdominal ring, bounded by two strong tendinous 
pillars which fix it-the innermost to the symphysis, 
the outermost to the spine of the pubis. The upper and 
outer aperture, annulus abdominalis interior, apertura 
interior canalis inguinalis, is formed by the fascia trans- 
versalis. From the edge of this aperture arises a mem- 
branous funnel-a prolongation of the fascia trans- 
versalis-receiving the spermatic vessels, forming 
their proper sheath, and accompanying them as far 
as the testicle. On its inside lies the epigastric ar- 
tery ; above it is the lower edge of the transversalis 
muscle; and below it is bounded by the channel of 
the greater oblique. By following the oblique direc- 
tion of this canal, and passing, consequently, on the 
outside of the epigastric artery, the viscera are dis- 
placed, so as to constitute internal inguinal hernia. 
I. glands, lymphatic glands or ganglions of the groin; 
there are two sets, one superficial, the other deep- 
seated. The former are larger, and on the average 
there are eight or ten, which are placed irregularly 
about Poupart's ligament. The latter, or deep-seated, 
are situate behind the others, around the femoral ar- 
tery and vein. I. her'nia, see Bubonocele and Hernia. 
I. re'gion, region of the groin. I. ring, abdominal 
ring; inferior aperture of the inguinal canal. 
Inguina'lis. Inguinal. 
In'guino-abdom'inal. Relating to groin and ab- 
domen. 
Inguinocru'ral. Relating to groin and thigh. 
Inguinocuta'neous. Relating to skin of the groin. 
Middle ramus of the anterior branch of the first 
lumbar nerve, because it sends numerous filaments to 
the groin, scrotum, and the skin of the superior part 
of the thigh. 
In'guino-preperitone'al her'nia. Hernia with a 
peritoneal and an inguinal sac. 
Ingulation, in-gu-la'shun (in, gula, throat). Intro- 
duction of anything into the throat. 
Ingurgitation, in-gur-jit-a'shun. Deglutition. 
Inhaerens, in-he'rens. Inherent. 
Inhalatio, in-hal-ash'e-o (in, halo, to breathe). Ab- 
sorption, inhalation. I. cu'tis, see Absorption. 
Inhala'tion. Act of drawing air or vapor, or reme- 
dial agent or anaesthetic in form of vapor, into the 
lungs. Absorption by the lungs. I. of chlo'rine, vapor 
chlori. I. of co'nia, vapor coniae. I. of cre'asote, 
vapor creasoti. I. diseas'es, diseases due to inhal- 
ing dust or minute particles. I. of hydrocyan'ic 
ac'id, vapor acidi hydrocyanici. I. of i'odine, vapor 
iodi. 
Inhalator (in-hal-a'tor) or Inhalatorium, in-hal-at- 
o're-um. Inhaler. See Pulverization. 
Inhaler, in-ha'lur. Apparatus for inhalation of the 
581 
INJECTED 
steam of hot water, ether, chloroform, vapor of iodine, 
etc. in affections of the air-passages. 
Inherent, in-he'rent (in, heereo, to stick). Adhering 
or joined to anything. Innate; existing naturally 
in anything I. caut'ery, actual cautery, left in con- 
tact with a part until it is reduced to the state of a 
deep eschar. 
Inher'itance. Qualities or possessions transmitted 
by heredity. 
Inherited, in-her'it-ed (in, hseres, an heir). Acquired 
by heredity, as disease. See Heredity. 
Inhib'it. To restrain or suppress. 
Inhibition, in-hib-ish'un (inhibeo, to restrain). Ac- 
tion directed to restraint and prohibition, as of ner- 
vous influence acting upon the vascular system, etc. 
This may occur from a superior nerve-centre acting 
on an inferior one, or from influence carried to a par- 
ticular region by an afferent nerve. See Inhibitory. 
I., vasomo'tor, action causing dilatation of blood- 
vessels by diminishing their tonicity. 
Inhibitory, in-hib'it-o-re (inhibeo, to restrain). Term 
applied to nerves which, when methodically excited, 
repress the action of muscles to which they are dis- 
tributed. Disorders of the inhibitory nerves-cardiac, 
respiratory, intestinal, and reflex-have been termed 
inhibitory or restraint neuroses. A nervous twig, 
separating from the vagus at the level of the thyroid 
cartilage in the rabbit and cat, and terminating in 
the inferior cervical ganglion, is a depressor nerve of 
the heart. . When cut and the central end irritated, 
the effect is a diminution of the power and frequency 
of the action of the heart and dilatation of the 
vessels. 
Inhumation, in-hu-ma'shun (inhumo, to put in the 
ground.) Sepulture of the dead in the earth. Diges- 
tion of substances in earth. Application of hot sand 
to the body. 
Iniac (in'e-ak), Inial (in'e-al), In'ian. Relating to 
the inion. 
In'iad. See Inial. 
In'ial. Epithet proposed by Dr. Barclay for an 
aspect toward the plane of the ridge of the occiput. 
Iniad is employed by him adverbially to signify to- 
ward the inial aspect. 
Iniencephalus, in-e-en-sef'al-us (inion, encephalon). 
Monster having encephalon in great part in the cra- 
nium, and in part out of it, behind, and a little be- 
neath the cranium, which is open on its occipital 
portion. There may also be fissure of the vertebrae 
of the cervical and thoracic regions. 
Iniodymus, in-e-od'im-us (inion, duo, to mingle). 
Monster with one body and two heads joined at the 
back part. See Diprosopos. 
In'io-fa'cial. Relating to the inion and face. 
In'io-glabeVlar. Relating to inion and glabella. 
In'io-me'sial. Relating to inion and meson. 
In'ion. Occiput or its ridge. Back part of the 
neck and the muscles of the occiput. Commence- 
ment of the spinal marrow. External occipital pro- 
tuberance, which is taken as a guiding-point in crani- 
ometry. 
Iniops (in'e-ops) or Iniope (inion, ops, the eye, the 
face). Monster double above the umbilicus, having 
two ears very near each other, or only one median ear, 
and above it, at a greater or less distance, a median 
orbit and eye, more or less imperfect. The rudi- 
mental face appears to be directly opposite the prin- 
cipal face. 
Initis, iu-e'tis (is, inos, a fibre). Inflammation of 
fibrous or muscular tissue. Muscular rheumatism. 
Init'ium (in, io, to go). Beginning. I. as'perae 
arte'riae, larynx. I. extu'berans co'li, caecum. 
Inium, in'e-um. Inion. 
Injaculatio, in-jak-u-lah'she-o (in, jaculor, to shoot). 
Acute pain in the stomach, with rigidity and immo- 
bility of the body. Projection of sperm into the 
vagina. 
Inject'ed (injicio, to throw into). Term used to 
denote redness of the face and other parts caused by 
accumulation of blood in the capillaries. A subject 
or cadaver is said to be injected when its vessels have INJECTIO 
been filled by the anatomist with an appropriate 
composition. 
Injectio, in-jek'she-o. Injection. I. apomorphi'- 
nse hypoder'mica (Ph. Br.) (apomorph, hydrochlorat., 
gr. ij ; aquae camphorae, tt^c; dissolve and filter); dose 
for subcutaneous injection, nyj-viij. I. ergoti'ni 
hypoder'mica (Ph. Br.) (ergotin, gr. c.; aquae cam- 
phorse, f3iij ; dissolve); dose, by subcutaneous injec- 
tion, 1TLiij-x. I. hypodermat'ica, hypoder'mica, or 
subcuta'nea, hypodermic injection. I. morphi'nse 
hypoder'mica (Ph. Br.) (morphin. hydrochlorat., 
gr. xcij ; liquor, ammonise, acid, acetic., aquae des- 
tillat., aa q. s.); dose, by subcutaneous injection, 
ttlj-v. 
Injection, in-jek'shun. The act of introducing, by 
means of a syringe or other instrument, a liquid into 
a cavity of the body or beneath the external integu- 
ment. The latter is called a hypodermic or subcuta- 
neous injection. The liquid injected is also called 
an injection. Anatomists use injections-injectiones 
anatomicae-for filling the cavities of vessels so that 
they may be rendered more apparent and dissection 
be facilitated; clyster, enema. I., hypodermat'ic, 
hypodrer'mic, or subcuta'neous, hypodermic injec- 
tion. I., intes'tinal or rec'tal, enema. I., nu'trient, 
rectal injection of nutritive fluids. 
Injectiones anatomicae, in-jek-she-o'nees an-at- 
om'-is-e. See Injection. I. hypoder'micae, prep- 
arations recognized in the Ph. Br. for hypodermic 
application. 
Injec'tor. Instrument or apparatus for making 
injections. 
Injec'tum. Injection. 
Ink'berry. Prinos glaber. 
In'kneed. Entogonyancon; genu valgum. 
In'let. Entrance; opening of a canal or cavity. 
I. of pel'vis, superior strait of the pelvis, through 
which the foetus passes into the pelvic canal. 
Innatatio, in-nat-ash'e-o (in, nato, to swim). Loose- 
ness of an exfoliated bone or a carious tooth. 
Innate' (in, nascor, to be born). Inborn, indigenous, 
adnate. I. diseas'es, diseases with which the infant 
is born; they are not always hereditary. 
Innerva'tion (in, nervus, nerve). The nervous in- 
fluence necessary for the maintenance of life and the 
various functions. See Nerves. 
Innodation (in, nodus, knot). Knotting together, as 
of the bowels. 
Innominata (in-nom-in-at'ah) arte'ria. Innominate 
artery, brachiocephalic or right subclavian artery. 
The trunk common to the right primitive carotid and 
the subclavian, arising from the anterioi' part of the 
arch of the aorta, ascending obliquely to the right 
along the trachea, and, after a course of about an 
inch in length, dividing into two trunks, which go 
off at right angles; the external one, the right sub- 
clavian proper; the other, the superior or primitive 
carotid of the same side. I. cartila'go, cricoid. I. 
cav'itas, a cavity of the outer ear between the helix 
and anthelix. I. fos'sa, see Fossa. I. lin'ea, see 
Iliopectinea tinea. I. mino'ra os'sa or ossic'ula, 
lesser ossa innominata; cuneiform bones of the tar- 
sus. I. tu'nica oc'uli, sclerotic. 
Innominat'se ve'nse. Two or three veins arising on 
the anterior surface and right margin of the heart and 
opening into the auricle. Also the brachiocephalic 
veins, which correspond to the arteria innominata, 
being formed by the union of the internal jugular 
vein and the subclavian properly so called, corre- 
sponding to the common carotid and subclavian ar- 
teries. 
Innom'inate ar'tery. See Innominata arteria. 
Innominat'i ner'vi. Nerves of the fifth pair, of 
some anatomists. 
Innominat'um fora'men. Foramen near the mid- 
dle of the anterior surface of the pars petrosa of the 
temporal bone, for the passage of the Vidian nerve. 
I. os, ache-bone; aitch-bone; large flat bone forming 
the anterior and lateral parietes of the pelvis. In 
the first periods of life it is composed of three por- 
tions-the ilium, ischium, and pubis. 
582 
INOSITURIA 
Innomina'tus (in, nomen, name). Without a name. 
See Anonymous. 
Innutritio, in-nu-trish'e-o. Defective nutrition. 
I. os'sium, rachitis. 
I'no (is, fibre). In composition, fibre. 
Inoblast, i'no-blast (is, fibre, blastos, germ). Con- 
nective-tissue corpuscle; cell from which connective 
tissue is produced. 
Inocar'pus edu'lis. South Sea chestnut; Fiji or 
Otaheite chestnut; the bark of this tree of the Indian 
Archipelago is astringent. 
Inochondritis, in-o-kon-dre'tis (is, fibre, chondros, 
cartilage). Combined inflammation of tendon and 
cartilage. 
Inoc'ulable (inoculo, to ingraft). Capable of inocu- 
lation or of being communicated by inoculation. 
Inoculatio, in-ok-u-lah'she-o. Inoculation. I. vac- 
ci'nse, vaccination. 
Inoculation, in-ok-u-la'shun. Operation by which 
a disease may be artificially communicated by intro- 
ducing its virus into the economy by puncture or 
scratch made in the skin, endermic inoculdtion. When 
the word inoculation is used alone, it usually means 
that for the small-pox, variolation. See Syphilization. 
I., cow'-pox, vaccination. I., Jenne'rian, vaccina- 
tion. 
Inoculator in-ok'u-la-tor. One who practises in- 
oculation ; instrument for performing inoculation. 
Inocystis, in-o-sis'tis (is, fibre, kustis, bag). Fibrous 
cyst. 
Inodesma, in-o-dez'mah (is, fibre, desma, band). 
Fibrous band. 
Inodular, in-od'u-lar (inodes, fibrous). Fibrous. 
I. tis'sue, fibrous tissue; cicatricial tissue; see Tis- 
sue, inodular. 
Incea, in-e'ah. Substance obtained by pressure from 
the seeds of Strophanthus hispidus, and said to be 
more powerful than digitaline in its action on the 
heart. 
In'ogen. Substance in muscular tissue thought to 
become decomposed during contraction, but to be the 
cause of energetic muscular action- 
Inogenesis, in-o-jen'es-is (ino, genesis, generation). 
Formation of fibres. 
Inohyloma, in-o-hi-lo'mah (ino, hule, matter, oma'). 
Fibrous tumor. 
Inohymenitis, in-o-him-en-e'tis (ino, humen, mem- 
brane). Inflammation of the fibrous tissue. 
In'olith (is, fibre, lithos, stone). Fibrinous calculus 
or concretion. 
Ino'ma (is, fibre). Scirrhus; fibrous tumor; fibro- 
ma. 
Inopexia, in-o-peks'e-ah (ino, pexis, coagulation). 
Increased coagulability of the fibrinogenous sub- 
stance, especially in parturient women. 
Inophlogis'ma (is, fibre, phlogosis, inflammation). 
Inflammation of fibrous tissue. 
Inophlogo'sis (same etymon). Production of in- 
flammation of fibrous tissue. 
Inopol'ypus. Fibrous polypus. See Polypus. 
Inorgan'ic. Unorganized; term applied to bodies 
which have no organs, such as minerals. Parts of the 
body, like the epidermis, devoid of blood-vessels and 
nerves have been called anorganic. 
Inoscleroma, in-o-skler-o'ma (ino, scleroma, indura- 
tion). Induration of the fibrous tissue. 
Inosclerosis, in-o-skler-o'sis. Inflammation and 
induration of fibrous tissue. 
Inosculation, in-os-ku-la'shun (in, osculum, small 
mouth). Anastomosis. 
Ino'sic or Inosin'ic acid. Organic acid, a syrupy 
non-crystallizable liquid existing in muscular sub- 
stance. 
In'osin. Inosite. 
In'osis (ino, fibre). Hyperinosis; fibre-formation, 
inogenesis. 
In'osite or In'osit (ino, fibre). Muscle-sugar. Un- 
fermentable sugar in muscle-juice, the kidneys, brain, 
lungs, liver, etc., and in urine in some diseases; also 
in leaves of Juglans regia. 
Inosituria, in-os-it-u're-ah. Inosuria. 583 
IN OST E ATOM A 
Inosteatoma, in-o-ste-at-o'mah (ino, steatoma). Tu- 
mor of a mixed fibrous and steatomatous character. 
Inosuria, in-o-su're-ah (inosite, ouron, urine). Condi- 
tion of the urinary secretion when it contains inosite. 
In'quest (in quiero, to ask). See Coroner. 
Inquies, in'kwe-ees (in, quies, rest). Agitation or 
trouble caused by indisposition. Restlessness. 
Inquisitio (in-quiz-ish'e-o) med'ico-lega'lis (in, 
quxro, to search). See Medico-legal. 
Inquisition, in-kwiz-ish'un (same etymon). In- 
quiry into the mental or other condition of an indi- 
vidual by commission appointed for that purpose. 
Insaliva'tion. Mixture of the food with the saliva 
and other secretions of the mouth. 
Insalu'brious (in, salubris, healthy). That which 
is unhealthy or injures the health. 
Insanab'ilis (in, sano, to cure, habilis, able). Incur- 
able. 
Insane, in-sane' (in, sanus, sound). Crazy, mad, 
demented, deranged. One affected with mental aber- 
ration or of unsound mind. I. ear, haematoma auris. 
I., paral'ysis of, dementia paralytica. 
Insan'ia. Insanity; mania. I. cadi'va, epilepsy. 
I. gravida'rum, I. of pregnancy. I. lactan'tium, I. 
occurring during the period of lactation. I. lupi'na, 
lycanthropia. I. post-par'turn or puerpera'rum, 
mania, puerperal. 
Insanio'la. Eccentricity verging on insanity. 
Insanitary, in-san'it-a-re. Not favorable to health. 
Insan'itas. Insanity. 
Insan'ity. Mental alienation or derangement, un- 
sound mind, deranged intellect, craziness, madness, 
phrenzy, frenzy. Term including all the varieties of 
unsound mind-mania, melancholia, moral insanity, 
dementia, and idiocy. I., affec'tive, form in which 
the passions or emotions are affected. I., alternat- 
ing, I., periodical. I., ambi'tious, monomania of 
grandeur. I., cataton'ic, see Catatonia. I. of child'- 
birth, mania, puerperal. I., chore'ic, I. in young 
people, with exaggerated choreic movements. I., 
cir'cular, periodical insanity, with regular alterna- 
tions of mania or melancholia. I., com'pound, I. 
showing disturbance of several mental faculties. I., 
confu'sional, rapidly developed fever, with mental 
confusion, incoherence, etc. I., congenital, varie- 
ties of i. noticed at birth, as idiocy or imbecility. I., 
cretin'ic, cretinism. I., cy'clic, I., circular. I. of 
deliv'ery, mania, puerperal. I., demonomani'acal, 
demonomania. I., depres'sive, melancholia. I., 
diabetic, I. associated with diabetes, usually melan- 
cholia. I., erotic, I. with tendency to sexual excite- 
ment, as satyriasis; erotomania. I. of gesta'tion, 
mania, puerperal. I., homici'dal, see Homicidal. I., 
ideaiional, or I., ideophrenic, see Ideation. I., in- 
cohe'rent, dementia. I., intellectual, I., ideational; 
monomania. I., mani'acal, mania. I., melancholic, 
melancholia. I., mor'al, see Pathomania. I., para- 
lytic, general paralysis of the insane. I., partial, 
monomania. I., prepartu'rient or prepuer'peral, 
puerperal insanity occurring before delivery. I., 
puer'peral, mania, puerperal. I., religious, demon- 
omania ; insanity from religious zeal or running into 
religious expression. I., Scythian, see Scythian dis- 
ease. I., se'nile, delirium, senile. I., sulci'dal, see 
Suicide. 
Insanus, in-san'us. Insane. 
Inscription, in-skrip'shun (in, scribo, to write). See 
Matriculate. 
Inscriptiones (in-skrip-she-o'nees) or Intersec- 
tio'nes tendln'ese musculo'rum. Tendinous por- 
tions crossing several muscles, and especially the 
straight muscles of the abdomen. 
In'sect wound. Wound made by an insect, as the 
bee, mosquito, etc.; usually a punctured, frequently 
a poisoned, wound. 
Insemina'tion (in, semen, seed). Ejaculation; dis- 
semination. 
Insenescence, in-sen-es'sence (in, senesco, to grow 
old). Act of attaining a green and vigorous old age. 
Insensibility, in-sen-sib-il'it-e (in, sensus, feeling, 
habilis, able). Loss or absense of sensibility; it is 
INSTEP 
common in cerebral affections, and may extend to 
every part or be limited to one or more. Bones, car- 
tilages, ligaments, etc. are insensible in health, but 
acutely sensible in disease. Anaesthesia, local or 
general. 
Insen'sible. Devoid of sensibility; not appreciable 
to the senses, as insensible pulse. 
Insertion, in-sur'shun (in, sero, to ingraft). Attach- 
ment of one part to another, as bones, cartilages, 
and fibrous organs; of muscular fibres to a tendon or 
aponeurosis; of a tendon, aponeurosis, or ligament 
to a cartilage or bone. Act of inoculating or intro- 
ducing a virus into the body. Graft. 
Inses'sus (wisideo, to sit in). Vapor-bath, the per- 
son being seated in a perforated chair, beneath which 
a vessel, filled with hot water or the hot decoction 
of some plant, is placed; sitz-bath. See Bath, half, 
and Semicupium. 
Insident, in'sid-ent (insideo, to sit in or upon). Term 
applied to a film or pellicle swimming on or in the 
urine. 
Insipientia, in-sip-e-en'she-ah (in, sapiens, wise). 
Silliness or simpleness; slight form of insanity. I. 
ingen'ita, imbecility. 
Insitiency, in-sish'e-en-se (in, sitis, thirst). Absence 
of thirst. 
Insitio, in-sish'e-o (insert), to ingraft). Grafting; 
inoculation ; vaccination. I. cilio'rum, operation for 
formation of a new eyelid. I. den'tis, act of trans- 
planting a tooth from one person to another. I. 
variola'rum, inoculation of small-pox. 
Insola'tion (in, sol, sun). Exposure to the sun, 
sometimes had recourse to to rouse the vital forces 
when languishing or to produce irritation of the 
skin; sun-bath. Insolation is usually employed, how- 
ever, in the same sense as coup de soleil or sunstroke, 
or heat-prostration. In pharmacy, the drying of chem- 
ical and pharmaceutical substances. 
Insomnia, in-som'ne-ah (in, somnus, sleep). Sleep- 
lessness, vigilance. This may constitute a true dis- 
ease, or it may be connected with some other affec- 
tion ; an unequivocal sign of suffering in some organ, 
even when there is no apparent pain. 
Insom'nium (in, somnus, sleep). Insomnia; dream. 
Inspectio (in-spek'she-o) med'ico-lega'lis (inspicio, 
to look into). See Medico-legal. 
Inspection, in-spek'shun (same etymon). Exami- 
nation with the eye. 
Inspergation, in-spur-ga'shun (inspergo, to sprinkle). 
Dusting by powder or sprinkling by spray. 
Inspiration (in, spiro, to breathe). Action by 
which the air penetrates into the interior of the lungs, 
a movement opposed to expiration. The average quan- 
tity of air received into the lungs at each inspiration 
has been variously and diversely estimated by differ- 
ent observers as being from 6 to 100 cubic inches. 
From 20 to 25 cubic inches may be regarded as a fair 
average. I., crowding, peculiar inspiration of spas- 
modic croup; see Asthma thymicum. I., mus'cles of, 
see Inspiratory. I. of ve'nous blood, aspiration of 
blood toward the heart, occasioned by the approach 
to a vacuum produced by the dilatation of the thorax 
during inspiration. 
Inspiratory, in'spir-at-o-re. Name given to muscles 
-for example, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles 
-which, by their contraction, augment the size of the 
chest, and thus produce inspiration. When deep in- 
spirations are necessary, this action is aided by the 
contraction of the pectoralis major and pectoralis 
minor, subclavius, and other muscles. Most of them 
become inspiratory by taking their fixed point at the 
part which they ordinarily move, acting inversely 
and elevating the ribs. 
Inspis'sant (in, spisso, to thicken). Any remedial 
agent rendering the blood thicker; the opposite of 
diluent. 
Inspissation, in-spis-sa'shun. Act of rendering 
thick. 
In'step. Neck of the foot. Projection at the upper 
part of the foot near its articulation with the leg, the 
tarsus. INSTILLATION 
Instillation, in-stil-la'shun (in, in, stilla, drop). Act 
of pouring a liquid drop by drop. 
Instinct, in'stinkt (instigo, to impel). Action of 
the living principle whenever manifestly directing 
its operations to the health, preservation, or repro- 
duction of a living frame or any part of it. 
Instinctive, in-stink'tiv. Eelating to or caused by 
instinct. Instinctive actions are the actions of the 
living principle. See Emotional and Instinct. Such 
actions of animals as are owing to impressions made 
on the sensory ganglia, exciting respondent motor in- 
fluences that are propagated to the various muscles 
of the body, are termed Consensual. Consensual 
movements accompanying voluntary efforts without 
our consciousness are termed Associated. 
Institutes of med'cine (institutum, principle). See 
Theory of medicine. 
InStrument (instruo, to put together). Tool or 
agent; implement for surgical work. 
Instrumen'ta. Male genital organs. 
Instrumenta'rium. Collection of instruments. 
Instrumen'tum. Instrument. I. chirur'gicum, 
surgical instrument. I. digestio'nis, digestive appa- 
ratus. I. instrumento'rum, the hand. 
Insufficiency, in-suf-fish'e-en-se (in, sufficio, to suf- 
fice). Inadequateness to any end or purpose, as in- 
sufficiency or incompetency of the valves of the 
heart, a condition in which they are not adapted, as 
in health, to properly close the apertures; as I., aortic, 
when the aortic valves are thus affected by endocar- 
ditis, valvular rupture, etc. (see Corrigan's disease); 
I., mitral, when the mitral valve is similarly affected. 
Sometimes there is muscular insufficiency, as of the 
muscles of the eyes from want of equilibrium in the 
power of the muscles of the two eyes, or of antago- 
nizing muscles in other parts of the body. 
Insufflation, in-suf-fla'shun (in, suf, flo, to blow). 
Act of blowing a gas or vapor or powder into some 
cavity of the body, as tobacco smoke injected into 
the rectum, or air blown into the mouths of new- 
born children to excite the respiratory function, or 
of those asphyxiated by coal-gas, drowning, etc., or 
of those under narcotic influence of opium. Instru- 
ment devised for this purpose is called an Insufflator. 
Insula, in'su-lah (island). Insula cerebri; lobule 
of liver; acinus. I. cer'ebri, island or insula of Eeil. 
Intermediate lobe of the brain, lobus intermedius 
cerebri. A remarkable group of convolutions-gyri 
operti-within the fissure of Sylvius, called by 
Cruveilhier lobule of the fissure of Sylvius, lobule of 
the corpus striatum. The island of Eeil, with the 
substantia perforata, forms the base of the corpus 
striatum. I. fis'sure of Syl'vius, I. cerebri. I. he- 
pat'ica or hep'atis, lobule of the liver. I. of Reil, 
insula cerebri. I. san'guinis, blood-clot; see Blood. 
Insulae, in'su-le (pl. of Insula). See Liver, Maculae 
albae. I. Pey'eri, Peyeri glandulee. I. pulmona'les, 
see Pulmo. 
In'sular. Isolated ; relating to island of Eeil. I. 
sclero'sis, sclerosis disseminated in isolated spots in 
the brain and spinal cord. 
In'sulated. Term applied in electricity to effect 
produced by an insulator or non-conductor. 
Insula'tion. The prevention of free escape of 
electricity by supporting or surrounding the electrical 
machine with a non-conductor or a bad conductor, 
such as glass, rubber, shellac, etc. 
In'sulator. Non-conductor of electricity, as glass 
or resin. 
Insul'tus (insilio, to attack). Attack; paroxysm 
of disease. I. apoplec'ticus, apoplectic stroke. 
Insur'ance of life. See Life insurance. 
Insymmetric, in-sim-met'rik. Want of symmetry. 
Integration, in-te-gra'shun (integer, whole). Union 
of several distinct parts into one. 
Integrity (integer, whole). Entirety. Healthy ex- 
ercise of all the functions. Virginity. 
Integ'ument (in, tego, to cover). Anything serving 
to cover or envelop. The skin, including the cuticle, 
rete mucosum, and cutis vera, is the common integu- 
ment or tegument of the body. 
584 
INTERCLAVICULAR 
Integumen'ta foe'tus. Foetal membranes. 
Integumen'tum or I. commu'ne. Integument; 
skin. I. ventriculo'rum, velum interpositum. 
Intellect (intelligo, to understand, to know). Aggre- 
gate of the intellectual faculties-perception, forma- 
tion of ideas, memory, and judgment. Their exer- 
cise constitutes intellection. I., deranged, insanity. 
Intellec'tion. See Intellect. 
Intellecto'rium commu'ne. Common centre of 
intelligence, mainly, in man at least, in the great 
hemispherical ganglia or cerebral hemispheres. 
Intemperance, in-tem'per-ance (in, tempero, to tem- 
per). Immoderate use of food and drink, especially 
the latter, or of the appetites generally. See Adepha- 
gia. 
Intemperies, in-tem-per'e-ees. Derangement in the 
constitution of the atmosphere and of the seasons; 
bad constitution ; derangement in the humors of the 
body. 
Intention, in-ten'shun (in, tendo, to stretch). Object 
which one proposes. In surgery, a wound heals by the 
first intention when cicatrization occurs without sup- 
puration ; by the second intention, when it occurs after 
the surfaces have suppurated. To obtain union by 
the first intention the edges of a recent wound must be 
brought in apposition, and kept together by adhesive 
plasters and a proper bandage. Union by granula- 
tions has been called third intention. 
In'ter. In composition, between. 
Interaccessorii, in-tur-ak-ses-so're-e. See Inter- 
transversales lumborum. 
Interacinous, in-tur-as'in-us. Between the acini. 
Interanea, in-tur-an'e-ah (intra, within). Entrails. 
Interarticular, in-tur-ar-tik'u-lar (inter, articulus, 
a joint). Terms applied to parts situate between the 
articulations, as I. cartilages, I. ligaments, etc. 
Interarytaenoid, in-tur-ar-it-e'noid. Between the 
arytenoid cartilages. 
Interauricular, in-tur-aur-ik'u-lar. Between the 
auricles or external part of the ear; between the 
auricles of the heart. 
In'terbrain. Thalamencephalon. See Cerebrum. 
Intercadence, in-tur-ka'dence (inter, cado, to fall). 
Disorder of the arterial pulsations, a supernumerary 
pulsation occurring every now and then. Such pulse 
is said to be intercurrent. 
Inter'calar or Intercalary, in-tur'kal-a-re (inter- 
calo, to insert). Term applied to days which occur 
between those that are critical; also days of apyrexia 
in intermittent fevers. 
Intercarot'id. Between the common carotids or 
between the external and internal carotids. 
Intercellular, in-tur-sell'u-lar (inter, cellula, a small 
cell, a cellule). Between cells or cellules. I. fluid, 
liquor sanguinis. I. pass'ages, irregular passages 
through the substance of the lung, forming termina- 
tions of the bronchial tubes, and clustered with air- 
cells. I. sub'stance, see Cytoblastema. 
Interceptio, in-tur-sep'she-o (intercipio, to inter- 
cept). A means of arresting the progress of the mate- 
rial cause of gout and rheumatism, consisting in cover- 
ing the affected limbs with carded wool, surrounding 
them afterward with broad bandages from the fingers 
to the axilla, or from the toes to the groin. Beten- 
tion ; suppression. I. intestino'rum, ileus; obstruc- 
tion of the bowels. 
Intercervicals, in-tur-sur'vik-als. Intertransver- 
sales. 
Interchondral, in-tur-kon'dral (inter, between, chon- 
dros, cartilage). Intercartilaginous. 
Intercidence, in-tur'sid-ence (inter, cado, to fall). 
See Intercalary and Intercadence. 
Intercilium, in-tur-sil'e-um (inter, cilium, eyelash). 
Part between the eyebrows. 
Intercisio, in-tur-siz'e-o (inter, between, ciedo, to 
cut). Intermittence, as of pulse. 
Interci'sus (same etymon). Intermittent. 
Interclav'icle. Osseous membrane or plate between 
the ends of the clavicle in some of the vertebrata. 
Interclavicular, in-tur-klav-ik'u-lar. Between the 
clavicles. I. lig'ament, flat fibrous bundle placed INTERCLAVICULARIS 
transversely above the extremity of the sternum, be- 
tween the heads of the two clavicles. Its fibres are 
separated by small apertures traversed by vessels. It 
prevents the separation of the clavicles in the forced 
depression of the shoulder. 
Interclavicularis, in-tur-klav-ik-u-lar'is. Occa- 
sional muscle between the sternoclavicularis muscles 
of opposite sides. 
Interclu'sio (intercludo, to exclude). Suppression or 
stoppage, as I. an'imse, interrupted respiration; tem- 
porary asphyxia. 
Intercolum'nar fas'cia. See Fascia. 
Intercon'dylar or Intercondyloid, in-tur-kon'dil- 
oid. Between the condyles, as I. eminence, I. fossa 
or notch, I. line, etc. 
Intercostal, in-tur-kos'tal (inter, costa, rib). Situate 
between the ribs. I. ar'teries, these vary in number. 
There is constantly, however, a superior, arteria in- 
tercostalis superior or intercostalis subclavia, given 
off from the posterior part of the subclavian, and 
sending branches into the first two or three intercos- 
tal spaces; and there are generally eight or nine in- 
ferior or aortic intercostals arising from the lateral 
and posterior parts of the pectoral aorta, and ascending 
obliquely in front of the vertebral column, to gain the 
intercostal spaces, where they divide into a dorsal and 
an intercostal branch. I. mus'cles are distinguished 
into internal and external, the former inserted into 
the inner lip, the latter into the outer lip of the edge of 
the ribs. The fibres of the external intercostals are di- 
rected obliquely downward and forward; those of the 
internal, downward and backward. Both are inspira- 
tory and expiratory muscles, according as they take 
their origin on the upper or lower rib. Small, fleshy 
fibres, seen occasionally at the inner surface of the 
thorax, descending obliquely from one rib to another, 
have been called infracostales. I. nerve, trisplanchnic 
nerve. The intercostal, costal, or dorsal nerves proceed 
from the anterior branches of the dorsal nerves. They 
are twelve in number, and are distributed especially to 
the muscles of the parietes of the chest and abdomen. 
I. space, interval separating one rib from that imme- 
diately above or below it. I. veins, these are distin- 
guished like the arteries; the right superior one is 
often wanting. When it exists it opens into the back 
part of the subclavian. The same vein of the left side 
is very large, and communicates with the demi-azygos, 
receives the left bronchial vein, and opens into the 
corresponding subclavian. The right inferior inter- 
costal veins open into the vena azygos; those of the 
left into the demi-azygos. 
Intercostales (in-tur-kos-tal'ees), exter'ni and in- 
ter'ni. See Intercostal muscles. I. lon'gi, term to 
include, infracostalis, iliocostalis lumborum, iliocosta- 
lis dorsi, and scaleni muscles. 
Intercosta'ril. Intertransversales. 
Intercostobrach'ial. Eelating to intercostal and 
brachial regions. 
Intercostohu'meral. Intercostobrachial. I. nerves, 
cutaneous branches of the second and third intercos- 
tal nerves. 
Intercourse, car'nal or sex'ual. Copulation. 
Intercrural, in-tur-kru'ral. Between the legs or 
crura. 
Intercuneal, iu-tur-ku'ne-al. Between the cunei- 
form bones. 
Inter cur'rent (inter, curro, to run). Term applied 
to diseases which supervene at different seasons of 
the year, or do not belong to any particular season. 
Also applied to disease occurring in the course of 
another disease, as intercurrent pneumonia. 
Intercutaneous, in-tur-ku-ta'ne-us. Subcutaneous. 
Interdental. Between the teeth. I. splint, splint 
for fractured jaw, arranged to be held by wires be- 
tween the teeth. 
Interdentium, in-tur-den'she-um (inter, dens, tooth). 
Interval between teeth of the same order. 
Interdigital, in-tur-dij'it-al (inter, digitus, finger). 
Between the fingers. I. mem'brane, membrane be- 
tween the toes in web-footed animals. I. space, com- 
missure between the fingers. 
585 
INTERMISSION 
Interdigita'tion (same etymon). Dovetailing of 
parts, as of the ends of some muscles with those of 
others. 
Interdigitium, in-tur-dij-ish'e-um. Corn or wart 
growing between the fingers or toes. 
Interfascicular, in-ter-fas-sik'u-lar. Between the 
fasciculi of muscles, etc. 
Interfemineum (in-ter-fem-in'e-um) or Interfce- 
min'eum (inter, between, femen, thigh). Between the 
thighs. Perineum ; vulva ; vagina. 
Interfem'oral. Between the thighs. 
Interference (in-ter-fe'rence), ner'vous. Inhibitory 
action of nerves. 
Interfin'ium (inter, finis, boundary). Septum. I. 
na'rium, septum narium. 
Interfollicular, in-ter-fol-lik'u-lar. Between the 
follicles. 
Interforamin'ium. Perineum. 
Interganglion'ic. Epithet for nervous cords placed 
between ganglia which they connect together. 
Intergland'ular. Between glands. 
Interglob'ular. Between globules. 
Interhemispheric, in-tur-hem-is-fer'ik. Between 
hemispheres of the brain. 
Interitus, in-ter'it-us (intereo, to perish). Death. 
Interjec'tional speech. Use of inarticulate sounds, 
mingled or not with ordinary utterances. 
Interju'gular. Between jugular processes or jugu- 
lar veins. 
Interlamel'lar or Interlam'inar. Between the 
lamellae of a part, as I. spaces of the cornea. 
Interlam'inar. Between laminae. I. plex'us, 
whole series of absorbents between layers of mus- 
cular fibres of the intestines. 
Interligamen'tous. Between ligaments. 
Interlo'bar. Between lobes, as of the lungs. 
Interlob'ular. Between lobules, as of the lungs. 
I. fis'sures, intervals between lobules of the liver: 
the narrower spaces are called fissurae interlobulares, 
the wider, spatia interlobularia; see Liver. I. plex'us 
of bil'iary ducts, see Liver. I. spaces, angular in- 
terstices formed in the liver by apposition of several 
lobules. I. tis'sue, cellular tissue between pulmon- 
ary lobules. I. veins, see Liver. 
Intermaxillary, in-tur-maks'il-lar-e (inter, maxilla, 
jaw). Between the maxillary bones. I. bone, in- 
cisive, palatine, or labial bone; bony portion wedged 
in between the two superior maxillary bones and 
supporting the upper incisors in the mammalia and 
also in the human foetus. 
Interme'dia llgamenta'lia or ner'vea. Tendi- 
nous portions which cross several muscles, and es- 
pecially the straight muscles of the abdomen. 
Interme'diate. Situate between. I. vas'cular 
sys'tem, capillary system. 
Intermedium, in-tur-me'de-um. In pharmacy, in- 
gredient in a prescription aiding suspension of other 
articles in an emulsion. 
Intermem'branous. Between membranes. 
Intermeninge'al. Between the meninges or mem- 
branes, as I. hemorrhage between the membranes of 
the brain. 
Intermen'strual. Between menstrual periods or 
discharges. 
Interment, in-tur'ment (in, terra, earth). Burying 
underground. I., pre'mature, burial alive. 
Intermesenteric, in-tur-mes-en-ter'ik. Between 
the mesenteries. 
Intermesoblast, in-tur-me'so-blast. Between layers 
of mesoblast. 
Intermetacarpal, in-tur-met-a-kar'pal. Between 
the metacarpal bones. 
Intermetatar'sal. Between metatarsal bones. I. 
lig'aments, ligaments concerned in articulation of 
metatarsal bones with one another. 
Intermission, in-tur-mis'shun (inter, mitto, to put 
or send). Interval. Interval occurring between two 
paroxysms of intermittent or other disease, during 
which the patient is almost in his natural state. In- 
termission of the pulse is when in a given number of 
pulsations one or more may be wanting. INTERMITTENT 
Intermittent. Having intermissions. I. fe'ver, 
ague ; ague and fever; fever and ague; paludal or 
periodic fever; fever consisting of paroxysms, with 
complete apyrexia in the intervals. The chief types 
are quotidian, tertian, and quartan, the symptoms are 
those of a decided and completely marked cold stage 
or stage of concentration, paleness, collapse, impaired 
sensibility, and coldness, more or less diffused, fol- 
lowed by general rigors. After this occurs the hot 
stage or stage of expansion, the heat returning par- 
tially and irregularly, and at length becoming uni- 
versal, and much above the standard of health; the 
pulse is now hard and strong, tongue white, urine 
high colored, thirst considerable. At length the 
sweating stage or stage of termination appears, the 
moisture usually beginning on the forehead, face, and 
neck, and soon extending universally, heat abating, 
thirst ceasing, the urine throwing down a sediment, 
and the functions being gradually restored to their 
wonted state. The tertian type is the most common; 
the quartan the most severe; the quotidian more 
readily changes into remittent and continued fever; 
the quartan has, generally, the longest cold stage; 
the tertian the longest hot. The chief exciting cause 
is marsh miasmata, malaria of the Italians, sometimes 
called ague poison, but it also occurs in districts 
where there are no marshy emanations, as those of a 
volcanic nature. The disease is apt to recur. The 
prognosis is, in general, favorable as far as regards 
life, but long-protracted intermittents may in- 
duce visceral obstructions and engorgements, which 
may end in dropsy. In some countries the disease is 
pernicious. The indications of treatment are to abate 
the violence of the paroxysm by the adoption of the 
general principles and remedies required in ordinary 
fever, and to prevent return of the paroxysm by the 
use, during the period of apyrexia, of purgatives, 
antiperiodics, as cinchona, quinia, etc., arsenic, 
and forcible impressions made on the mind of the pa- 
tient. See Bacillus malarias. I. lig'ature, see Liga- 
ture. I., mask'ed, dumb or masked ague. I. pulse, 
pulse having intermissions in its regular beat. 
Intermu'ral (inter, murus, wall). Between the 
walls or coverings of an organ. 
Intermus'cular. Between muscles. I. aponeuro'- 
ses, aponeurotic laminae or septa situate between 
muscles, to which they often give attachment. 
Inter'nal. On the inside; epithet given to parts 
that look toward an imaginary central plane, dividing 
the body into two equal and symmetrical portions, as 
well as to those which correspond with a cavity, as 
the internal or inner surface of the arm, thigh, etc. 
I. diseases, those occupying the inner parts of the 
body. (For terms beginning with Internal, as I. 
carotid, etc., see Carotid, etc.) 
Interna'sal. Between the nasal bones. 
Interne (F.). See House-surgeon. 
Interno'dal. Between nodes. 
In'ternode. Phalanx. I. of Ran'vier, portion of 
medullated nerve-fibre between nodes of Ranvier. 
Internodia digitorum (in-tur-no'de-ah dij-it-o'rum) 
ma'nus (inter, nodus, a knot). Phalanges of the fin- 
gers. I. d. pe'dis, phalanges of the toes. 
Internodium, in-tur-no'de-um. Internode; part of 
the fingers between the joints ; phalanx. 
Internu'clear. Between the nuclei. 
Internuncial, in-tur-nun'she-al (inter, nuncius, mes- 
senger). Relating to a messenger or communica- 
tion between parties; term applied by Mr. Hunter 
to the function of the nervous system, the nerves 
being called by him chordae internunciae. 
Internun'cii or Internun'tii dies, in-ter-nun'she-e 
de'ez. Critical days. 
Inter'nus. Internal. I. au'ris or mal'lei, tensor 
tympani. 
Interocular, in-tur-ok'u-lar. Between the eyes. 
Interor'bital. Between the orbits. 
Interossei dorsales, in-tur-os'se-e dor-sal'ees. See 
Interosseus manils and I. pedis. I. palma'res, see 
Interosseus manus and I. pedis. 
Interosseous, in-ter-os'se-us (inter, os, bone). Be- 
586 
INTERPOLATION 
tween the bones. I. arteries of the forearm and 
hand. Of these there are several. The compressor 
interosseous artery arises from the posterior part of 
the ulnar, below the bicipital tuberosity of the radius, 
passes backward, and divides into two branches: the 
one called anterior interosseous descends vertically, 
anterior to the interosseous ligament; the other, 
called posterior interosseous, passes above the liga- 
ment, appears at the posterior part, and divides into 
two great branches-the posterior recurrent radial 
and the posterior interosseous, properly so called. In 
the hand: 1. The dorsal metacarpal interosseous ar- 
teries are given off by the dorsalis carpi, a division 
of the radial artery. 2. The palmar interosseous ar- 
teries, arising from the convexity of the deep palmar 
arch, give off the middle interosseous arteries. 
3. The dorsal interosseous of the index, proceeding 
directly from the radial artery. In the foot are dis- 
tinguished: 1. The dorsal interosseous arteries, three 
in number, which arise from the artery of the meta- 
tarsus, a branch of the dorsalis tarsi. 2. The plantar 
interosseous arteries, also three in number, and aris- 
ing from the plantar arch. I. lig'aments, ligaments 
seated between certain bones, which they unite, as 
between the radius and ulna, and the tibia and fibula. 
I. mus'cles, these occupy the spaces between the bones 
of the metacarpus and metatarsus, and consequently 
belong, some to the hand, others to the foot. I. 
nerve, branch given off by the median nerve, which 
descends before the interosseous ligament, accompa- 
nying the artery of the same name. I. veins, these 
have the same arrangement as the arteries. 
Interos'seus inter'nus pri'mus. See Interosseus 
mantis. I. ma'nfis, these muscles are seven in num- 
ber-two for each of the three middle fingers, and 
one for the little finger. Four are situate on the 
back of the hand, and three only in the palm. They 
are inserted into the metacarpal bones, and send a 
tendon to the tendon of the extensor communis. Ac- 
cording to their office, they are, to each finger, an 
adductor and an abductor. The index has a dorsal 
abductor and a palmar one. The middle finger has 
two dorsal muscles for adductor and abductor, the 
ring finger has a dorsal adductor and a palmar abduc- 
tor, and the little finger has only one interosseous 
abductor, which is palmar. These muscles produce 
abduction and adduction of the fingers, which they 
can also extend, owing to their connection with the ex- 
tensor tendons. The first dorsal interosseous of the 
hand is sometimes called interosseus internus primus. 
I. pe'dis, the number, arrangement, shape, and uses 
of these are the same as in the preceding muscles. 
Four are dorsal, and three plantar; six belong to the 
three middle toes, and one to the little toe. The 
great toe is devoid of them. As in the hand, they 
are distinguished, in each toe, into abductor and ad- 
ductor. I. quar'tus, prior annularis. I. secun'dus, 
prior medii digiti. 
Interparietal, in-tur-par-i'et-al. Between the pari- 
etal bones. I. bone, bone found in the skulls of the 
children of the Peruvian races, lying in the upper 
angle of the occipital bone, where the parietal bones 
separate from each other; analogue of the inter- 
parietal bone of ruminants and carnivora. 
Interpeduncular, in-tur-pe-dunk'u-lar (inter, pe- 
dunculi, peduncles). Between the peduncles of the 
encephalon; as Interpeduncular space, a lozenge- 
shaped interval behind the diverging peduncles of the 
crura of the cerebrum, in which are found the poste- 
rior perforated space, corpora albicantia, tuber cine- 
reum, and pituitary body. 
Interpellatus (in-tur-pel-lat'us) mor'bus (inter- 
pello, to interrupt). Disease whose progress is unequal 
and paroxysms irregular. 
Interphalange'al. Between the phalanges. 
Interpleuricostal. Between pleura and ribs. I. 
mus'cles, internal intercostal muscles. 
Interpolated, in-tur'pol-a-ted (interpolo, to give a 
new form to). Intercalary. 
Interpolation. Plastic operation for insertion of 
new material, as skin-grafting, etc. INTERPUBIC 
Interpu'bic. Between the pubic bones. I. disk, 
fibro-cartilaginous symphysis of the pubis. 
Interruptio (in-tur-rup'she-o) menstrua'lis or men- 
struationis, men-stru-ash-e-o'nis. Amenorrhoea. 
Interscap'ular. Between the shoulders or scapu- 
lae, the interscapular region. Interscapular cavities, 
cavitates scapulares, are depressions between the 
scapulae aud the spinous processes of the vertebrae. 
Interscapu'lium. Spine of the scapula; space be- 
tween the scapulae. 
Intersectio, in-tur-sek'she-o (inter, seco, sectum, to 
cut). Decussation ; intersection. I. nervo'rum opti- 
co'rum, chiasm of optic nerve. 
Intersection, in-tur-sek'shun. Point where two 
lines meet and cut each other. I., aponeurot'ic, 
fibrous bands which certain muscles present in their 
length, and by which they seem interrupted. They 
are found in the recti muscles of the abdomen, 
semi-membranosus, complexus, sterno-thyroideus, 
etc. 
Intersectiones (in-tur-sek-she-o'nees) tendin'eae 
musculo'rum. Liueae transversae; inscriptioues ten- 
dineae musculorum. 
Inter sepimen'tum (intersepio, to fence about). Par- 
tition. I. thora'cis, mediastinum. 
Intersep'ta horizontaTia Pacchio'ni. Tentorium. 
Intersep'tum (inter, septum, partition). Uvula; 
septum narium; diaphragm; intersepimentum. I. 
na'rium, septum narium. I. virgina'le, hymen. 
Interspace. Osseous masses occupying spaces be- 
tween contiguous Haversian systems. 
Interspi'nal. Between the spinous processes. I. 
lig'aments, these ligaments occupy the intervals be- 
tween the spinous processes in the back and loins. 
In the neck they are replaced by the muscles of the 
same name. They prevent the too great flexion of 
the spine, and keep the spinous processes in situ. The 
outermost thickened portions of these are sometimes 
termed ligamenta apicum. 
Interspinales (in-tur-spin-al'ees) col'll. These are 
twelve in number, and occupy, in two parallel rows, 
the intervals between the spinous processes of the 
cervical vertebrae, from the spinous process of the 
atlas and vertebra dentata to that between the last 
cervical and first dorsal vertebra. They are flat, thin, 
and quadrilateral, and contribute to the extension of 
the neck and throwing the head backward. I. dor's! 
et lumbo'rum, these muscles are of two kinds: one 
representing fleshy bundles of different lengths, ap- 
plied upon the lateral surfaces of the spinous pro- 
cesses, from the third dorsal to the second lumbar 
vertebra. The other is covered by the preceding. 
They are situate on each side of the interspinal liga- 
ment, in small, short, flat bundles, passing from one 
spinous process to the second, third, or fourth above 
it. These muscles aid in extending the vertebral 
column, and incline it a little to one side when they 
act on one side only. 
Interspi'nous. Between the spinous processes. 
Interstices, in'tur-stis-es (inter, sisto, to place). 
Name given to intervals between organs ; pores. 
Interstitia intercostalia, in-tur-stish'e-ah in-tur- 
kos-tal'e-ah (same etymon). Intercostal spaces. 
Interstitial, in-tur-stish'al. Occurring in the inter- 
stices of an organ, as absorption, keratitis, pregnancy, 
etc.; intercalary. 
Interstitium, in-ter-stish'e-um. Interstice. I. cil- 
ia're, ciliary ligament. I. intercosta'le, intercostal 
space. I. interos'seum antibrach'ii, space between 
radius and ulna. I. interos'seum cru'ris, space be- 
tween tibia and fibula. I. jugula're, throat. 
Intersupercil'iary. Between the superciliary 
ridges. 
Intertar'sal. Between the contiguous tarsal 
bones. 
Intertinc'tus (inter, tingo, to dye). Discrete. 
Intertrabecula, in-tur-trab-ek'u-lah. Thick band 
of cartilage between the trabeculae of the cranium. 
Intertrachelian, in-tur-trak-e'le-an (inter, trachelos, 
throat). Between the cervical vertebrae. See Inter- 
transversales colli. 
587 
INTESTINE 
Intertragicus, in-tur-traj'ik-us. Muscle on front 
wall of cartilage of external auditory canal. 
Intertransversales (in-tur-trans-vur-sal'ees) col'll. 
Small muscular bundles, quadrilateral, thin, and flat, 
situate, in pairs, in the intervals between the trans- 
verse processes of the neck, except between the first 
and second, where there is only one. They are dis- 
tinguished into anterior and posterior intertransver- 
sales. The former are six in number; the latter five. 
These muscles bring the transverse processes of the 
neck nearer each other, and contribute to the lateral 
flexion of the neck. I. lumbo'rum, these are almost 
entirely fleshy, and ten in number, five on each side; 
are similar to the preceding in general arrangement, 
except that they are more marked and not placed in 
two rows. Each intertransverse space contains only 
one. They are quadrilateral and flat. The first oc- 
cupies the space between the transverse processes of 
the first lumbar and the last dorsal vertebrae; the 
last is between that of the fourth and fifth lumbar 
vertebrae. These muscles incline the lumbar region lat- 
erally, and straighten it when inclined to one side. 
One set of these muscles, intertransversales mediales 
interaccessorii, passes from the accessory process of 
one vertebra to the mammillary process of the next. 
Intertransversa'lis. Between the transverse pro- 
cesses of the vertebrae. I. mus'cle, see Intertrans- 
versales. 
Intertransversa'rius. Intertransversalis. 
Intertrans'verse. Between transverse processes of 
vertebrae. 
Intertrigo, in-tur-tre'go (inter, tero, to rub). Chaf- 
ing of skin from friction of folds or surfaces, as in 
young children. I. a'ni or pod'icis, chafing of the 
anus. 
Intertrochanteric, in-tur-tro-kan-ter'ik. Between 
the trochanters. 
Intertu'bular stro'ma. See Kidney. I. sub'stance, 
see Tubule, dental. 
In'terval (intervallum, a rampart). Intermission; 
space between parts, time between paroxysms of 
fever, etc.; interstice. I., lu'cid, see Lucid. 
Intervallary, in-tur-val'lar-e. Between paroxysms 
of disease. 
Intervallum, in-tur-val'lum (same etymon). Inter- 
val, intermission, interstice. I. intercosta'le, inter- 
costal space. 
Interval'var or Interval'vular. Between valves. 
Intervenium, in-tur-ven'e-um (inter, vena, a vein). 
Space between two veins. 
Interventric'ular. Between the ventricles of the 
heart or brain. I. sep'tum, fibrous partition between 
the ventricles of the heart. 
Intervertebral, in-tur-vurt'e-bral. Between the 
vertebrae. I. car'tilages, fibrocar'tilages, or disks, 
these organs are of a fibrocartilaginous nature, sec- 
tions of a cylinder, flexible, whitish, resisting, and 
situated between the bodies of the vertebrae, from 
the space between the second and third as far as that 
between the last vertebra and sacrum. Their form 
is accommodated to that of the vertebra with which 
they are in connection, so that in the neck and loins 
they are oval, in the dorsal region nearly circular. I. 
disks, intervertebral cartilages. I. fibrocar'tilages, 
intervertebral cartilages. I. gan'glion, see Vertebral 
nerves. I. sub'stance, I. cartilage. 
Intestabilis (in-tes-tab'il-is) or Intestatus, in-tes- 
tat'us (in, testis, testicle). Castrated. 
Intes'tinal (intus, within). Enteric. Relating or 
belonging to the intestines. I. juice, succus entericus. 
I. tube or tract, the canal formed by the intestines 
from the pyloric orifice of the stomach to the anus. 
Intestine, in-tes'tin. Bowel. A musculo-mem- 
branous canal, variously convoluted, extending from 
the stomach to the anus, and situate in the abdominal 
cavity, the greater part of which it fills. In man its 
length is six or eight times that of the body. . It is 
divided into two principal portions, called small intes- 
tine and large intestine. The former, intestinum 
tenue, I. gracile or angustum, araea, constituting 
nearly four-fifths of the whole length, begins at the INTESTINORUM LJEVITAS 
stomach and terminates in the right iliac region. It 
is divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Some 
anatomists give the name small intestine to the last 
two only, jejunoileum, intestinum mesenteriale, 
which are kept in place by the mesentery and form 
a large paquet, occupying the umbilical and epigas- 
tric regions, part of the flanks, of the iliac regions, 
and of the cavity of the pelvis. It is composed of- 
1. A serous membrane, which is peritoneal. 2. Mus- 
cular coat, whose fibres are very pale, and are placed, 
in part, longitudinally, but the greater part trans- 
versely. 3. Whitish mucous membrane, villous and 
forming folds or valves-valvulse conniventes-at its 
inner surface, and furnished with a number of 
mucous follicles called glands of Lieberkuhn, crypts 
or follicles of Lieberkuhn, and in the duodenum 
with the glands of Brunner. 4. Areolar or sub- 
mucous coat, of loose texture, supporting the mucous 
membrane. The arteries of the small intestine pro- 
ceed from the superior mesenteric; its veins open 
into the vena porta. Its nerves proceed from the 
superior mesenteric plexus. 
The large intestine, intestinum crassum or am- 
plum, megaloccelia, forms a sequence to the small. It 
is much shorter, and is solidly attached in the regions 
of the abdomen which it occupies. It begins in the 
right iliac region, ascends along the right flank till 
beneath the liver, when it crosses the upper part of 
the abdomen, descends into the left iliac fossa, and 
plunges into the pelvic cavity to gain the anus. The 
great intestine is usually divided into three portions 
-the caecum, colon, and rectum. It receives its ar- 
teries from the superior and inferior mesenteries. Its 
veins open into the vena porta. Its nerves are fur- 
nished by the mesenteric plexuses. Its lymphatic 
vessels, which are much less numerous than those of 
the small intestine, pass into the ganglions or glands 
seated between the different reflections of the per- 
itoneum, which fix it to the abdominal parietes. The 
use of the intestines is, in the upper part, to effect the 
chylification of the food and the absorption of the 
chyle; in the lower, to serve as a reservoir, where 
the excrementitious portion of the food collects, and 
also as an excretory duct, which effects its expulsion. 
I., large, see Intestine. I., primitive, protogaster. 
I., small, see Intestine. 
Intestino'rum laev'itas. Lientery. 
Intestin'ula cer'ebri. Cerebral convolutions. I. 
Meibo'mii, Meibomius, glands of. 
Intestin'ulum (dim. of Intestinum). Small intes- 
tine ; cerebral convolution ; umbilical cord. 
Intestinum, in-tes-te'num. Intestine. I. am'- 
plum, large intestine. I. angus'tum, small intestine. 
I. ese'eum, ctecum. I. cellula'tum, colon. I. cir- 
cumvolu'tum, ileum. I. cras'sum, colon; see Intes- 
tine. I. glomerula'tum, ileum. I. gra'cile, small in- 
testine. I. gran'de, large intestine; colon. I. gy- 
ra'tum, ileum. I. il'eum or involu'tum, ileum. I. 
lax'um, colon. I. lon'gum, ileum. I. ma'jus, colon. 
I. me'dium, mesentery. I. mesenteria'le, see Intes- 
tine. I. pancreat'icum, duodenum. I. perforat'um, 
perforation of the intestines. I. ple'num, colon. I. 
rec'tum, rectum. I. ten'ue, small intestine. 
In'tima (tu'nica) vaso'rum. Innermost coat of 
the blood-vessels developed on the inner surface of 
the membrane-capillary membrane-forming the 
wall of the capillaries. 
In'timum un'guis (intimus, inmost). Root of the 
nail. I. vaso'rum, lining membrane of blood-vessels. 
Intol'erance. Inability to endure pain, light, etc. 
Intonation (in-to-na'shun), intes'tinal (intono, to 
make a noise). Borborygmus. 
Intortion, in-tor'shun {in, torqueo, to wrench). Dis- 
tortion. 
Intoxicatio, in-toks-ik-ash'e-o (in, toxicon, poison). 
Poisoning. I. arsenica'lis, arsenicism. I. opia'ca, 
meconism. I. saturni'na, saturnism. 
Intoxication, in-toks-ik-a'shun. Poisoning; temu- 
lence. I., alcohol'ic, chron'ic, see Temulence. I., 
antimo'nial, stibialism. I., digital'ic, see Digitalis. 
I., sat'urnine, lead-poisoning, saturnine cachexy; ag- 
588 
i INTRAVESICAL 
gregate of symptoms presenting themselves prior to 
an attack of lead-colic. I., sep'tic, septicaemia. I., 
urae'mic, uraemia. 
In'tra (L. intra). In composition, within. 
In'tra-abdom'inal. Within the abdomen. 
Intra-arachnoid, in'trah-ar-ak'noid. Within the 
arachnoid cavity. 
In'tra-arte'rial. Within an artery or arteries or 
system of arteries. 
Intra-articular, in'tra-ar-tik'u-lar (intra, within, 
articulus, joint). Relating to the interior of a joint. 
Intracap'sular. Within the capsule of a joint. 
Intracardiac, in-tra-kar'de-ak. Within the heart. 
Intracer'ebral. Within the brain. 
Intracervical, in-trah-sur'vik'l. Within the cervix 
or cervical canal of the uterus. 
Intracostalis, in-trah-kos-tal'is. Internal inter- 
costal muscle. 
Intracra'nial. Within the cavity of the skull. 
Intracruraeus, in-trah-kru-re'us. Vastus internus. 
Intracuta'neous. Within the skin. 
Intracystic, in-tra-sis'tik (intra, cyst). Originating 
from the interior of a cyst or cysts; intravesical. 
Intrader'mic. Intracutaneous. 
Intrafceta'tion. Foetal inclusion ; foetus in fcetd. 
Intrahepat'ic. Within the liver. 
Intrajug'ular. Within the jugular vein or process. 
Intraligamen'tous. Within a ligament, as I. cyst. 
Intralin'gual. Within the tongue. I. sal'ivary 
glands, see Lingual glands and Salivary glands. 
Intralobular, in-tra-lob'u-lar. Within a lobule, as 
of the lung or liver. 
Intramed'ullary. Within the medulla. 
Intrameningeal, intra-men-in-je'al. Within the 
meninges-of the brain, for example, as I. apoplexy. 
Intramu'ral (intra, within, mitrws, wall). Between 
the walls of an organ. See Pregnancy, interstitial. 
I. inter'ment, burial within city limits. 
Intramus'cular. Within a muscle or fibres of a 
muscle. 
Intranu'clear. Within a nucleus. 
Intra-ocular, in'tra-ok'u-lar (intra, oculus, eye). 
Within the eye. I.-o. tension, increased hardness 
of the eyeball. 
In'tra-or'bital. Within the orbit. 
In'tra-os'seous. Within the substance of a bone. 
Intrapari'etal (intra, paries). Within the walls of 
any organ or growth; intramural. 
Intrapel'vic. Within the pelvis. 
Intraperitoneal, in-tra-per-it-o-ne'al. Within the 
cavity of the peritoneum. 
Intraplacental, in-tra-pla-cen'tal. Within the 
placenta. 
Intrapleu'ral. Within the cavity of the pleura. 
Intrapo'lar. Between the poles, as of an axis or 
of a galvanic battery. 
Intrapulmonary, in-tra-pul'mo-nar-e. Within the 
lung. 
Intrarec'tus. Rectus oculi internus. 
Intrarhachidian (in-tra-rhak-id'e-an) or Intra- 
spi'nal. Within the medullary or spinal canal. 
Intrathoracic, in-tra-tho-ras'ik. Within the cavity 
of the thorax. 
Intratuzbal. Within the Fallopian tube. 
Intratympan'ic. Within the cavity of the tym- 
panum. 
In'tra-ure'thral. Within the urethra. 
In'tra-u'terine (intra, uterus). Within the womb. 
Intravaglnal, in-tra-vaj'i-nal. Within the vagina. 
Intravasation, in-trav-as-a'shun (intra, vas, vessel). 
Entrance into vessels of matters formed outside of 
them or in their parietes. 
Intravascular, in-tra-vas'ku-lar. Within a vessel 
or vessels. 
Intravenous, in-tra-ve'nus. Within the veins. I. 
infu'sion or injec'tion, introduction of a fluid into a 
vein. 
Intraventric'ular. Within a ventricle of the brain 
or heart. 
Intraver'tebral. Intraspinal. 
Intravesical, in-tra-ves'ik'l. Within the bladder. INTRICATURA 
Intrlcatura, in-trik-at-u'rah (in, tricor, to make 
difficulties). Decussation; interlacing. I. nervo'- 
rum optico'rum, chiasm of optic nerves. 
Intrinsic, in-trin'sik (intra, secus, toward). Ap- 
plied to the internal muscles of certain organs, as 
those of the ear, tongue, and larynx. Internal dis- 
eases were called Intrinseci. 
In'tro (L.). In composition, within. 
Introcession, in-tro-ses'shun (introcedo, to enter 
into). Depression or subsidence. 
In'troflexed (intro, within, flexus, bent). Bent or 
curved inward. 
Introitus, in-tro'it-us (intro, io, to go). Entrance, as 
of a tube or cavity. I. pel'vis, pelvic inlet; see Pel- 
vis. I. vagi'nse, external aperture of vagina; see 
Vagina. 
Intromission, in-tro-mis'shun (intro, mitto, to send). 
Act of introducing one body into another, as the 
penis into the vagina. 
Intropelvimeter, in-tro-pel-vim'et-ur. Instrument 
to measure the diameters of the pelvis. 
Intror/sion. Act of turning inward. Invagination 
of mesoderm and endoderm in the embryo. 
Introsusception, in-tro-sus-sep'shun (intro, suscipio, 
to receive). Intussusception. I. entro'pium, entro- 
pion. 
Introver'sion. Invagination; sunken or depressed 
condition of a part. 
Intubation (in, tubus, tube). Introduction of a 
tube; catheterism. I. of the lar'ynx, passage of a 
tube into the larynx and trachea to relieve obstruc- 
tion to breathing, as in croup or diphtheria. 
In'tubum. Cichorium endivia. I. errat'icum, 
Cichorium intybus. 
Intumescence, in-tu-mes'sence (intumesco, to swell). 
Augmentation of size in a part or in the whole of the 
body. Intumescentise formerly denoted an order of 
diseases, including polysarcia, pneumatosis, anasarca, 
oedema, physconia, and pregnancy. 
Intumescentia, in-tu-mes-sen'she-ah. Intumes- 
cence. I. ganglifor'mis, ganglion of Gasser; see 
Facial nerve. I. lac'tea mamma'rum, distension of 
the breasts with milk. I. lie'nis, tumefaction of the 
spleen. I. malig'na, malignant swelling. I. semi- 
luna'ris, ganglion of Gasser. 
In'tus inver'sus (intus, within, inversus, inverted). 
Transposition of the viscera. 
Intussusception, in-tus-sus-sep'shun (intus, within, 
suscipio, to receive). In physiology, the mode of in- 
crease peculiar to organized bodies, as absorption, 
imbibition, etc. In pathology, the introduction of one 
part of the intestinal canal into another, which serves 
it as a sort of vagina or sheath; generally, the upper 
part of the small intestine is received into the lower. 
At times the invaginated portion separates and is 
voided per anum, the patient recovering. The dis- 
ease is, however, very dangerous. I., u'terine, intro- 
version of the uterus. 
Intussusceptum, in-tus-sus-sep'tum. The part 
affected with intussusception, as the bowel. 
Intussuscipiens, in-tus-sus-sip'e-ens. The part, as 
the bowel, receiving the other part in intussusception. 
Intybum, in'tib-um. Cichorium intybus. 
In'tybus. Cichorium intybus. I. angus'tus, Lac- 
tuca virosa. I. horten'sis or sati'vus, Cichorium 
endivia. 
Inula, in'u-lah. See Inula helenium. I. Britan'nica, 
I. dysenterica. I. Chinen'sis, tonic, stimulant, and 
antiperiodic, and externally applied to buboes, boils, 
etc. I., com/mon, I. helenium. I. conyzse'a, I. dys- 
enterica. I. dysenter'ica, systematic name of the 
lesser inula. Plant once considered antidysenteric. 
I. helen'ium, elecampane, common inula. The root 
Inula (Ph. U. S.), has been used in dyspepsia, cachexia, 
pulmonary affections, etc. I., less'er, I. dysenterica. 
I. squarro'sa, Conyza squarrosa. 
In'ulin. Amyloid substance, a carbohydrate, in 
Inula helenium, Arnica montana, etc. White soluble 
powder, stimulant expectorant; dose, 1 to 3 grains. 
Used in making inulin bread for diabetic patients, as 
it antagonizes the action of ferments. 
589 
INVOLUTION 
Inunction, in-unk'shun. Act of rubbing in an oint- 
ment or' liniment-unction, infriction. Inunction of 
the whole body has been recommended in scarlatina, 
measles, and in scrofulous or tuberculous cachexia. 
Liniment. See Hydrargyrentripsis. 
Inundation, in-un-da'shun (inundo, to flow over). 
Depuration. 
Inustion, in-ust'yun (in, uro, ustum, to burn). Cau- 
terization; caustic. 
Inusto'rium. Caustic; cauterium. 
Inus'tum (same etymon). Burn. 
Invaginated, in-vaj'in-a-ted (in, vagina, a sheath). 
Received into another part, as into a sheath. I. band- 
age is one in which the strips or tails pass through 
appropriate slits or buttonholes. 
Invaginator, in-vaj'in-a-tor. Instrument devised 
for the radical cure of hernia by invagination. See 
Invagination. 
Invagination, in-vaj-in-a'shun. Intussusception. 
Also operation which consists in introducing one end 
of a divided intestine into the other, with the view 
of restoring the continuity of the intestinal canal. 
See Anastomosis, intestinal. Operation for radical cure 
of crural hernia, consisting in introducing into the 
crural canal a thick tent of charpie, which by com- 
pression and adhesive inflammation obliterates the 
neck of the hernial sac. 
Invalescence, in-val-es'sence. Convalescence. 
Invalid, in'val-id (in, validus, strong). One out of 
health. 
Invaliding. Removal from the army of a soldier 
who has become, from infirmity, unfit for service. 
In'validism. Condition of an invalid. 
Invalitudo, in-val-it-u'do (in, valetudo, health). 
Infirmity. 
Invasion, in-va'zhun (in, vado, vasum, to go). Begin- 
ning of an attack or paroxysm of disease. 
Invermination, in-vur-min-a'shun (in, vermino, to 
have worms). Condition attended with presence of 
intestinal worms. Helminthiasis. 
Inversio, in-vur'she-o (in, verto, to turn). Inversion 
or turning inside out. I. palpebra'rum, entropion. 
I. u'teri, hysteroptosis, inversion of the uterus. I. 
vagi'nse, prolapse of vagina. I. vesi'cse, inversion 
of the bladder. I. vesi'cae urina'riae fls'sse, exstro- 
phy of the bladder. 
Inversion, in-vur'shun. See Inversio. 
Invert sugar. Combination of dextrose and levu- 
lose ; a variety of glucose which turns the polarized 
ray sinistrad. 
Invert'ebral or Invertebrate. Devoid of verte- 
brse. Animals so arranged are called Invertebrata. 
See Animal kingdom and Vertebraia. 
Invertentia, in-vur-ten'she-ah. Absorbents, ant- 
acids. 
Invert'in. See Ferments. 
Investitura (in-ves-te-tu'rah) funic'uli umbilica'- 
lis (in, vestis, a garment). See Funiculus umbilicalis. 
Invetera'ta (in, vetus, old). Chronic. 
Inviril'ity. Absence of virility. 
In vis cant, in-vis'kant (in, viscum, bird-lime). 
Thickening. 
Inviscatio (in-vis-kah'she-o) oc'uli. Morbid adhe- 
sion of the eyelids to each other or to the globe of 
the eye. Gluing together of the eyelids by viscid 
secretion. 
Inviscation, in-vis-ka'shun. Insalivation. 
Involu'crum (involvo, to fold in). Covering; hence, 
involucra cerebri, membranes of the brain ; involucra 
nervorum, sheaths of nerves. I. cor'dis, pericardium. 
I. cor'poris commu'ne, integument. I. cor'poris 
vit'rei, retina. I. lin'guse, see Tongue. I. membra- 
na'ceum, decidua reflexa. I. nati'vum, skin. I. 
nervo'rum, neurilemma; perineurium. I. re'ti com- 
para'tum, retina. 
Involumen'tum. Involucrum. 
Invol'untary (in, voluntas, will). Not under the 
influence of the will. 
Involution (involvo, to roll in or on). Return to 
a natural condition; as I. of the uterus, return to its 
normal state as it was before pregnancy. INVOLVENTIA 
Involventia, in-vol-ven'she-ah. Demulcents. 
lodal, i'o-dal. Hydride of triiodacetyl, C2I3OH, 
being similar in composition to chloral, I3 being sub- 
stituted for CI3. Substance prepared by treating io- 
dine with alcohol and nitric acid; anaesthetic. 
lodantipyrine, i-od-ant-e-pi'reen. lodopyrine. 
lodated, i'o-da-ted. Iodized. I. milk, see Milk. 
lodethyl, i-od-eth'il. Ethyl iodide. 
lode'tum. Iodide. I. ammo'nicum, ammonium 
iodide. I. ferro'sum, ferrous iodide. I. hydrargyr'- 
icum, hydrargyri iodidum rubrum. I. hydrargyro'- 
sum, mercury protiodide. I. ka'licum, potassium 
iodide. I. plum'bicum, lead iodide. 
lodhydrate, i-od-hi'drate. Hydriodate and hydri- 
odide. 
lodhydrlc, i-od-hi'drik. Hydriodic. I. ac'id, hy- 
driodic acid. I. e'ther, hydriodic ether; iodethyl. 
lodhydrin, i-od-hi'drin. Product of action of mu- 
riatic acid on glycerin, in which a molecule or more 
of iodine replace one or more of hydroxyl. 
lo'dic. Containing iodine; as iodic acid, produced 
by action of nitric acid on tincture of iodine. 
Iodide, i'o-dide. Saline combination of iodine with 
a simple body other than oxygen. 
Iodidum, i-o'did-um. Iodide. I. hydrar'gyri 
chlor'idi, mercury, iodide of chloride of. I. hydrar- 
gyr'icum, hydrargyri iodidum rubrum. I. hydrar- 
gyro'sum, hydrargyri iodidum. 
lodina rhombifolla, i-o-deeu'ah rhom-be-fo'le-ah. 
Species of genus Santalacese, of S. America; bark and 
wood are astringent. 
Iodine, i'o-deen {lodes, of a violet color, from the 
violet vapor it exhales when volatilized). lodum 
(Ph. U. S.). It is contained in the mother-waters 
of certain fuci; it is solid, in the form of plates; 
of bluish-gray color, of metallic brightness, and 
smell similar to that of chloride of sulphur. Its 
s. g. is 4.9. When heated it becomes volatilized and 
affords the vapor which characterizes it. With ox- 
ygen it forms iodic acid, and with hydrogen hydri- 
odic acid. Iodine and the iodides have been em- 
ployed with success in the treatment of goitre and of 
some scrofulous affections, in glandular hypertrophy, 
and in skin diseases; for injections of various dis- 
eased cavities, for inhalation in bronchial and catar- 
rhal affections, etc. It is apt, however, to induce 
cholera morbus, signs of great nervous irritability, 
iodomethe, frontal headache, coryza, lacrymation, 
acne, pharyngitis, etc., and emaciation of the mam- 
mae. When these symptoms, collectively termed 
iodism, iodosis, and iodinia, are urgent, the dose may 
be diminished, or wholly discontinued and afterward 
resumed. When exposed to the air in a room it is an 
effective antibromic. Iodine paint is a tincture twice 
as strong as the officinal tincture, applied in cases 
where more active counter-irritation is needed. The 
Br. Ph. contains Linimentum iodi, iodine liniment. 
Solution of iodine and iodide of potassium in glyc- 
erin forms iodized glycerin, a caustic application in 
lupus, ulcers, etc. See Bath, iodine, and Alimentation, 
iodic. I. bath, see Bath, iodine. I. cy'anide, CNI, 
destructive to lower forms of animal life ; useful for 
preserving collections of insects, etc. I., inhala'tion 
of, vapor iodi. I. lin'iment, see Iodine. I. paint, 
see Iodine. 
lodined, i'o-dined. Iodized. 
lodin'eum, lodinium (i-o-din'e-um), lod'inum, or 
lo'dium. Iodine. 
Iodinia, i-o-din'e-ah. See Iodine. 
Iodism, i'o-dizm. See Iodine. 
I'odized. lodined, iodated; impregnated or affected 
with iodine or its preparations, as I. oil, I. camphor, 
etc. I. glyc'erin, see Iodine. I. hy'dride, solution 
of iodine in amyl hydride. When applied to the 
skin, the latter vaporizes, leaving the iodine equally 
distributed on the surface. It is employed in open 
scrofulous sores, indolent bubo, fetid ulcerations, etc. 
It is also a deodorizer and a convenient method of 
administering iodine by inhalation. 
Iodoform, i-od'o-form. lodoformum (Ph. U. S. and 
Br.). Teriodide of formyl, formerly called sesquiiodide 
590 
IONIDION 
of carbon-so called from its analogy to chloroform. 
CHI3. Obtained by adding to an alcoholic solution 
of iodide of potassium, chlorinated lime, the result- 
ing iodate of lime being separated from the iodoform 
by the addition of boiling alcohol. Besides the med- 
ical properties of iodine, which render it useful in 
scrofula, syphilis, etc., it is anodyne, anaesthetic, 
antiseptic, and disinfectant. It is used externally as 
an ointment. It is given internally in cirrhosis of 
the liver, consumption, diabetes, and other affections. 
It is used externally in ointments. It is in crystal- 
line plates of a citrine color, and is volatile, and may 
be given in the same cases as iodine and the iodides. 
Dose, gr. i-iij three times a day. See Carbonis ses- 
quiiodidum. I. gauze, see Gause. I. oint'ment, un- 
guentum iodoformi. 
lodoform'ize. To subject a part to thorough iodo- 
form dressing. 
lodofor'mum. Iodoform, 
lodohydrar'gyrate of potas'sium. See Iodine. 
lodhydrate, i-od-hi'drate. Hydriodate. 
I'odol. Tetraiodopyrrol. ChLNH. Yellowish-white, 
odorless, and tasteless powder derived from action of 
iodine on pyrrol in alcoholic solution; antiseptic, anti- 
bromic, and anaesthetic; used externally in ulcers, 
surgical dressings, ozaena, abscesses, caries, etc., and 
for dusting; internally as substitute for iodine. 
lodomethe, e-od-om'e-the (iodine, methe, drunken- 
ness). See Iodine. 
lodopegae, e-od-o-pa'ge (iodum, pege, spring). Min- 
eral waters containing iodine. 
lodophenacetin, e-o-do-fen-as'et-in. Substance pro- 
duced when a cold saturated solution of phenacetin, 
acidulated with hydrochloric acid, is treated with 
iodine. It is antiseptic. 
lodophenine, i-o-do-fe'neen. A derivative of phe- 
nacetin ; antiseptic. 
lodophthisis, e-od-o-te'sis (iodum, phthisis, wasting). 
Loss of flesh and strength produced by iodine. 
lodopyrlne, i-o-do-py'reen. Colorless crystalline 
substance; substitutive product of antipyrine, one 
atom of hydrogen being replaced by one of iodine; 
antipyretic and antiarthritic. 
lodoqui'nia, sul'phate of. Quinia, iodide of sul- 
phate of. 
lodo'sis. See Iodine. 
lodosul'phate of cinch'onine. Proposed as a sub- 
stitute for iodoform, being made by precipitating a 
solution of sulphate of cinchonine by a solution of 
iodine and iodide of potassium. 
lodotan'nin. Solution of iodine in water, with the 
assistance of tannic acid. 
lodother'apy. Treatment of disease with iodine, 
lo'dum (Ph. U. S.). Iodine. 
lodure'tum. Iodide. I. ammo'nil, see Iodine. 
I. am'yli, see Iodine. I. hydrargyr'icum, mercury 
biniodide. I. hydrargyro'sum, hydrargyri iodidum. 
I. ka'licum, potassium iodide. I. plumb'icum, lead 
iodide. I. potas'sicum, potassium iodide. I. so'di- 
cum, sodium iodide. I. sul'phuris, sulphuris iodidum. 
I'on (ion, going). Viola; Vaccinium baccifera. 
Element which appears in electrolysis at the positive 
or negative plate-kathion at the negative, anion at 
the positive plate. 
Ionia, e-o'ne-ah. Teucrium chamsepitys. 
lonid'ion or lonidium (e-o-nid'e-um) angustifo'li- 
um, Mexican plant of genus Violacese, used in dropsy. 
I. brevicau'le, S. American species, root of which is 
emetic. I. calceola'ria, species of S. America, resem- 
bling ipecacuanha and having similar therapeutic 
properties. I. heterophyl'lum, Chinese species; 
emetic, as is also I. lana'tum, a Brazilian plant. I. 
Marcuc'ci or Marcu'tii, cinchunchulli, S. American 
plant, said to be identical with I. microphyllum and 
I. parviflorum, said to be particularly efficacious in 
the mal de S. Lazaro of Colombia. I. microphylTum 
and I. parviflo'rum, two S. American species, the 
root of which is called huichunchulli; action is like 
that of ipecac. I. poaya, Brazilian plant; root is 
emetic, as is that of the W. Indian plant I. striatum, 
and that of the Brazilian plant I. urticeefolium. The IONIUM 
root of I. suffruticosum, of E. Indies, is demulcent in 
simple and specific urethritis and other urinary dis- 
eases. 
Ionium, e-o'ne-um. Iodine. 
lonta, e-on'tah. Excretions; excreta. 
lon'thos or lon'thus (ion, the violet, anthos, flower). 
Violet eruption; unsuppurative, tubercular tumor, 
stationary, chiefly on the face. Disease of or con- 
nected with the hair-follicles, as acne, sycosis, etc. 
Geneias. I. ac'ne, acne. I. come'do, see Comedo. 
I. corym'bifer, gutta rosea. I. furun'culus, furuncu- 
lus. I. syco'sis, sycosis. I. va'rus, acne. I. va'rus 
puncta'tus, acne punctatus. 
lo'num. Iodine. 
lotacism, i-o'tah-sizm (from the Greek letter Iota). 
Defective articulation from inability to pronounce the 
palatals j and g soft. 
Ip'ecac. Apocynum androssemifolium, Euphorbia 
corollata, Gillenia trifoliata, ipecacuanha, triosteum. 
I., Amer'ican, Apocynum androsaemifolium. I., wild, 
Euphorbia ipecacuanha, Triosteum perfoliatum, As- 
clepias curassavica. 
Ipecacoan'ha. Ipecacuanha. 
Ipecacuan'ha. In common parlance abridged to 
ipecac, and in Ireland to hippo. Pharmaceutical 
name of the root of Cephaelis or Callicocca ipecacu- 
anha, nat. ord. Cinchonaceae; obtained from Psy- 
chotria emetica of Peru. The odor of the root, ipecac- 
uanha root, Ipecacuanha (Ph. U. S.), is faint and 
peculiar; taste bitter, subacrid, and mucilaginous; 
water and alcohol extract its virtues, which depend 
on a peculiar principle called emetia. It is emetic in 
large doses; expectorant and sudorific in smaller. 
Dose, as an emetic, gr. xv to xxx. Euphorbia corol- 
lata, Pedilanthus tithymaloides. I., bas'tard, Ascle- 
pias curassavica, Triosteum perfoliatum. I., brown, 
root of Cephaelis ipecacuanha. I., Caroli'na, Podo- 
phyllum peltatum. I., Ger'man, vincetoxicum. I. 
of the Isle of France, Tylophora asthmatica. I., 
white, is obtained from different species of Eichard- 
sonia and inidium, and from Viola ipecacuanha or 
Pombalea ipecacuanha. 
Ipecacuan'hic ac'id. C14H9O7. Brown acid derived 
from root of Cephaelis ipecacuanha. 
I'po. Eesin derived from bark of Strychnos Tieute. 
Upas. See Antiaris toxicaria and Upas. I. toxica'ria, 
see Upas. 
Ipomoe'a acetossefo'lia (ips, an insect infesting the 
vine, homoios, like, from its twisting round other 
plants).. Species of Convolvulaceae of S. America and 
W. Indies, used externally in ascites and arthritis; 
sap is cathartic. I. aquat'ica, species of E. and W. 
Indies; cathartic, and used externally for abscesses. 
I. bata'tas, sweet potato. I. batatoi'des, see Con- 
volvulus jalapa. I. bo'na nox, moon-flower, grows in 
E. and W. Indies; bark of root is cathartic. I. cse- 
ru'lea, E. Indian species; seeds are cathartic. I. 
cathar'tica, juice is drastic cathartic. I. cymo'sa, 
E. Indian species; leaves make an emollient applica- 
tion to suppurating surfaces; seeds are laxative. I. 
digita'ta, roots of this species from E. Indies, Africa, 
and S. America are cathartic. I. gemel'la, E. Indian 
species; demulcent in aphthous stomatitis. I. jala'pa 
or jalap'pa, Convolvulus jalapa. I. macrorrhi'za, 
Convolvulus jalapa. I. Mexitlan'ica, see Convolvulus 
jalapa. I. muricoPdes, Mexican species, used for 
baths in cases of paralysis. I. nil, Convolvulus nil. 
I. opercula'ta, see Batata de purga. I. Orizaben/sis, 
see Convolvulus jalapa. I. pandura'ta, wild jalap or 
potato, man-root; indigenous in U. States; cathartic. 
I. pur'ga, see Convolvulus jalapa. I. renifor'mis, E. 
Indian species; diuretic, alterative. I. re'pens, I. 
aquatica. I. Schiedea'na, see Convolvulus jalapa. I. 
sim'ulans, a tree of Tampico, the source of Tampico 
jalap. I. stans, Mexican species, root of which is 
cathartic. I. subtril'oba, root of this Peruvian species 
is drastic cathartic. I. turpe'thum, E. Indian jalap; 
root and stems are purgative. 
Ir. As a prefix, has the signification of Im. 
I'ra. Rage. 
Iracun'dus. Rectus externus oculi. 
591 
IR! DOCOLOBOMA 
Iral'gia, Ireal'gia, or Iridalgia, ir-id-al'je-ah (iris, 
algos, pain). Pain in the iris. 
Ireoncion, ir-e-on'se-on (iris, onkos, hook). Irian- 
cistron. 
Ireoperisphinx'is (iris, peri, around, sphinxis, con- 
striction). Operation on the iris, consisting of forma- 
tion of artificial pupil by bringing all parts of the 
iris to a central point. 
I'rian. Relating to the iris. 
Iriancis'tron, Iriankis'tron, or Iridancistron, ir- 
id-an-sis'tron (iris, ankistron, hook). Hooked instru- 
ment used in the formation of an artificial pupil. 
Iridadenosis, ir-id-ad-en-o'sis (iris, aden, gland). 
Disease of glands of region of iris. 
Irideemia, ir-id-e'me-ah (iris, haima, blood). Hem- 
orrhage of the iris. 
Iridal, i'rid-al. Relating to the iris. 
Iridalgia, ir-id-al'je-ah (irido, algos, pain). Iralgia. 
Iridallochrosis, ir-id-al-lok'ros-is (iris, alios, dif- 
ferent, chrosis, coloration). Change in pigmentation 
of the iris, 
Iridancis'tron. Iriancistron. 
Iridareosis, ir-id-ar-e-o'sis (irido, araiosis, diminu- 
tion). Atrophy of the iris. 
Iridaux'e or Iridauxesis, ir-id-aux-a'sis (irido, 
auxesis, augmentation). Staphyloma of the iris; pro- 
lapse of the iris; hypertrophy of the iris from exuda- 
tion of fibrin into its tissue. 
Iridectome, i-rid-ek'tome (irido, ektome, excision). 
Knife for performance of iridectomy. 
Iridectomedialysis, ir-id-ek-to-med-e-al'is-is (irido, 
ektome, excision, dialusis, separation). See Coretomy. 
Iridectomy, i-rid-ek'to-me (irido, ektome, excision). 
Excision of the iris and establishment of artificial 
pupil. 
Iridectropium, ir-id-ek-tro'pe-um (iris, ektropion, 
eversion). Eversion of part of iris. 
Iridelcosis, ir-id-el-ko'sis (iris, helcosis, ulceration). 
Ulceration of the iris. 
Iridencleisis (ir-id-en-kli'sis) (irido, en, kleio, to 
close), Iridencleis'mus, or Iridenklei'sis. See Coret- 
omy. 
Iridentropium, ir-id-en-tro'pe-um (iris, entropion, 
inversion). Inversion of the iris. 
Irideremia, ir-id-er-e'me-ah (irido, eremos, deprived 
of). Absence of iris, either apparent or real, con- 
genital or acquired. 
Iridescent, ir-id-es'sent. Shining with many 
changing colors. I. vision, peculiar vision depend- 
ent on alterations in epithelium of the cornea from 
pressure. There are borders of various hues around 
artificial lights. Halo vision. 
Irid'esis or Iridodesis, ir-id-od'es-is (iris, deo, to 
bind). Ligature of the iris; operation for artificial 
pupil, consisting in opening the cornea to admit the 
canula forceps, and by it drawing out a portion of 
the iris near its ciliary attachment, and strangulating 
a piece of it by means of a thread of moistened silk. 
Iridian, i-rid'e-au. Iridal. 
Iridin, i'rid-in. Cholagogue oleoresin procured 
from root of Iris versicolor. 
Iriditis, ir-id-e'tis. Iritis. 
Ir'ido. In composition, iris. 
Iridoallochrosis, ir-id-o-al-lok'ro-sis. Iridalloch- 
rosis. 
Iridocele, i-rid-o-se'le (Eng. i'rid-o-seel) (irido, kele, 
tumor). Prolapse of the iris through wound or lesion 
of the cornea. 
Iridochorioiditis, ir-id-o-ko-ri-oid-e'tis. Inflamma- 
tion commencing with the iris and secondarily affect- 
ing the choroid. When the primary disease is in the 
choroid, it is termed choroidoiritis ; it may be primary 
or consecutive, traumatic, plastic, purulent, sympa- 
thetic, or syphilitic. I., se'rous, cyclitis. 
Iridochoroidal, i-rid-o-ko-roid'al. Relating to iris 
and choroid; iridoptosis; ptosis iridis. 
Irido clioroidi'tis. Iridochorioiditis. 
Iridocinesis, ir-id-o-sin-a'sis (irido, kinesis, motion). 
Muscular movement of the iris. 
Iridocoloboma, ir-id-o-kol-o-bo'mah. Coloboma iri- 
dis. Portion of iris removed in iridectomy. IRIDOCYCLITIS 
Iridocyclitis, ir-id-o-sik-le'tis. Inflammation of the 
iris and ciliary circle. I., fi'brinous or plas'tic, I. 
with plastic effusion around the iris, ciliary body, and 
capsule of lens. 
Iridocy clochorioiditis, ir-id-o-sik-lo-ko-re-oid-e'-tis. 
Inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid 
coat of the eye. 
Iridodesis, ir-id-o-da'sis. Iridesis. 
Iridodial'ysis (irido, dialusis, separation). Coret- 
omy. 
Iridodonesis, ir-id-o-don-a'sis (irido, doneo, to shake). 
Tremulousness of the iris from dislocation of the lens 
or other causes. See Hippus. 
Iridoencleisis, ir-id-o-en-kli'sis. Coretomy. 
Iridokine'sis. Iridocinesis. 
Iridokoloboma, ir-id-o-kol-o-bo'mah. Iridocolo- 
boma. 
Iridol, ir'id-ol. White acicular hydrocarbon from 
wood-tar. 
Iridoleptynsis, ir-id-o-lep-tin'sis (iris, leptunsis, thin- 
ning). Atrophy and thinning of the iris. 
Iridomalacia, ir-id-o-mal-as'e-ah (irido, malakia, 
softness). Mollescence or softening of the iris, espe- 
cially after rheumatic inflammation. 
Iridomedial'ysis. Iridomesodialysis. 
Iridomelano'ma or Iridomelano'sis (irido, melano, 
to color black). Deposition of black matter on the 
tissue of the iris. 
Iridomesodialysis, ir-id-o-mes-o-de-al'is-is. Detach- 
ment of adhesions of central borders of iris. 
Iridomo'tor. Concerned in the movements of the 
iris. 
Iridonco'sis, Iridon'cus, or Ironco'sis (irido, onkos, 
swelling). Tumefaction or thickening of the iris; 
iridauxesis. 
Irldoparal'ysis. Paralysis of the iris. 
Iridoparesis, ir-id-o-par'es-is (irido, paresis, paral- 
ysis). Partial paralysis of the iris. 
Iridoperiphacitis (ir-id-o-per-e-fas-e'tis) or Irido- 
periphaki'tis (irido, peri, around, phacitis, inflamma- 
tion of the lens). Inflammation of the anterior hemi- 
sphere of the capsule of the lens. 
Iridoperisphynxis, ir-id-o-per-e-sfinks'is (irido, peri, 
around, sphunxis, constriction). Circular muscular 
fibres in vicinity of sphincter. 
Irldophlebocol'pus (irido, phleps, vein, kolpos, sinus). 
Venous sinus of the iris. 
Iridoplania, ir-id-o-plan'e-ah (irido, plane, wander- 
ing). Iridadenosis; hippus. 
Iridoplegia, ir-id-o-plej'e-ah (irido, plege, stroke). 
Iridoparalysis. 
Iridoptosis, ir-id-o-to'sis. Ptosis iridis; prolapse of 
the iris. 
Irldor'rhagas or Iridor'rhox (irido, rhox, fissure). 
Fissure of the iris. See Coloboma. 
Iridorrho'ge (irido, rhoge, fissure). Iridorrhagas. 
Iridoschisma, ir-id-o-sis'mah (irido, schisma, fissure). 
Coloboma iridis; iridorrhagas. 
Iridosteresis, ir-id-o-ster-a'sis (irido, steresis, priva- 
tion). Irideremia. 
Iridotenclei'sis. Iridencleisis. 
Ir'idotome. Instrument for performing iridec- 
tomy. 
Iridotomencleisis, ir-id-o-to-men-kli'sis (irido, tome, 
section, enkleio, to include). Coretomy. 
Iridotomedialysis, ir-id-o-to-med-e-al'is-is (irido, 
tome, section, dialusis, separation). See Coretomy. 
Iridotomy, ir-id-ot'o-me (irido, tome, section). See 
Coretomy. 
Iridotromus, ir-id-ot'ro-mus (irido, tromos, trem- 
bling). Iridodonesis; hippus. 
Irigen'ium. Verbena officinalis. 
I'rine. Camphoraceous substance, CsHieCb, from 
root of Iris Fiorentina. 
Iriod'esis. Iridodesis. 
I'ris (so called from resembling the rainbow in its 
variety of colors). A membrane stretched vertically 
at the anterior part of the eye, in the midst of the 
aqueous humor, in which it forms a circular, flat 
partition separating the anterior from the posterior 
chamber. It is perforated by a circular opening 
592 
IRITOMY 
called the pupil, which is constantly varying its 
dimensions, owing to the varying contractions of the 
fibres of the iris. Its posterior surface has been called 
uvea, from the thick black varnish covering it. The 
pigmentary stratum on its free surface appears to be 
bounded by a delicate but finely defined line, which 
has been described as a special membrane-membrana 
pigmenti or limitans, or limitans Pacini or Jacobi 
Arnold or Zinnii. The greater circumference of the 
iris is adherent to the ciliary processes and circle. It 
has an external plane of radiated fibres, dilatator 
iridis, and an internal one of circular fibres, sphincter 
pupillse or iridis, which serve the one to dilate, the 
other to contract, the aperture of the pupil. The iris 
receives the ciliary nerves. Its arteries are furnished 
by the long ciliary arteries, which form two circles 
by their anastomoses-the one very broad, near the 
great circumference, the other smaller and seated 
around the circumference of the pupil. The veins 
of the iris empty themselves into the vasa vorticosa 
and into the long ciliary veins. The iris regulates 
by its dilatation or contraction the quantity of lumi- 
nous rays which are necessary for distinct vision. 
The different colors of the iris occasion the variety 
in the colors of the human eye. See Membrana 
pupillaris, Herpes iridis. I., cleft of, coloboma 
iridis. I., colobo'ma of, coloboma iridis. I., 
com'mon, I. Germanica. I., fis'sure of, coloboma 
iridis. I. Florenti/na, Florentine iris or orris, ord. 
Iridacese; the rhizome of this plant is extremely 
acrid in its recent state, and when chewed excites a 
pungent heat in the mouth, continuing for several 
hours. When dried the acrimony is lost or nearly so, 
and the smell is very agreeable; it is expectorant. 
The orris root of the shops is said to consist of the 
rhizomes of three species-I. Fiorentina, I. pallida, 
and I. Germanica. I. fcetidis'sima, stinking iris; 
the root is antispasmodic and narcotic. I. German'- 
ica, flower-de-luce, common iris or orris; the fresh 
roots are powerfully cathartic, and are given also in 
dropsies. I., hernia of, I., prolapse of. I. hexago'na, 
I. versicolor. I., inflamma'tion of, iritis. I. lacus'- 
tris, dwarf flag, dwarf lake iris; has the properties of 
I. versicolor. I., lake, dwarf, I. lacustris. I., lig7- 
ature of, iridesis. I. lu'tea, I. pseudacorus. I. nos'- 
tras, I. Germanica. I. palus'tris, I. pseudacorus. I., 
prolapse7 of, iridauxesis. I. pseudac'orus, yellow 
waterflag ; the root has an acrid, styptic taste. It is an 
errhine, ;sialagogue, and astringent. The expressed 
juice is diuretic, and used as an application to ser- 
piginous and other cutaneous affections. Rubbed on 
the gums or chewed, it is said to cure toothache. I., 
staphylo'ma of, iridauxesis. I., stink'ing, I. foetidis- 
sima. I., trem'ulous, see Hippus. I. versic'olor, blue 
flag. The rhizome is an active cathartic and diuretic. 
Iris (Ph. U. S.) is the rhizome and rootlets of this 
plant. I. Virgin'ica, slender blue flag, and I. ver'na 
are said to have virtues like those of I. versicolor. 
I. vulga'ris, I. Germanica. 
Irisa'tion. Iridescence. 
Irish moss. See Chondrus. 
Irisitis, i-ris-e'tis. Iritis. 
Iritis, i-re'tis. Inflammation of the iris. The 
chief symptoms are-change in the color of the iris; 
fibres less movable; teeth-like processes shooting into 
the pupil; pupil irregularly contracted, with the 
ordinary signs of inflammation of the eye. If the 
inflammation does not yield, suppuration takes place, 
and, although the matter may be absorbed, the iris 
remains immovable. When the iritis results from 
syphilis, gonorrhoea, rheumatism, gout, small-pox, or 
scrofula, it requires specific treatment according to 
its cause. Mercury is given freely in some forms of 
iritis, along with attention to other means advisable in 
ophthalmia. When the inflammation is seated in the 
serous covering, it is termed iritis serosa. When the 
iritis is marked by a tendency to new formation, 
which may become developed into a pseudo-mem- 
brane, it is called plastic iritis. I., plas'tic, see Iritis. 
I. se'rous, aquomembranitis; see Iritis. 
Irit'omy. Iridotomy. IRON 
Iron. Ferrum. I., ac'etate of, ferri acetas. I. and 
alumin'ium, sul'phate of, ferri et aluminii sulphas. 
I. and ammo'nia or ammo'nium, ci'trate of, ferri 
ammonio-citras. I., ammo'niated, ferrum ammonia- 
tum. I. and ammo'nium, tar'trate of, ferri ammo- 
nio-tartras. I., ammo'nio-chlo'ride of, ferrum am- 
mouiatum. I., ammo'nio-ci'trate of, ferri ammonio- 
citras. I. and ammo'nium, sul'phate of, ferri et 
ammonise sulphas. I., arse'niate of, arseniate of iron. 
I. bark, Eucalyptus resinifera; see Kino. I., black 
ox'ide of, oxydum ferri nigrum. I., bro'mide of, 
ferri bromidum. I., car'bonate of, efferves'cing, 
ferri carbonas effervescens. I., car'bonate of, pre- 
cip'itated, ferri subcarbonas. I. car'bonate of, sac'- 
charated, ferri protocarbonas. I., car'buret of, graph- 
ites. I., chlo'ride of, ferri chloridum. I., ci'trate of, 
ferri citras. I., ci'trate of magnet'ic ox'ide of, see 
Ferri ammonio-citras. I. ferrocyan'uret of, Prussian 
blue. I., ferroprus'siate of, Prussian blue. I. fil'- 
ings, pur'ified, ferri limatura purificata. I., hy'- 
drated ox'ide of, ferrum oxydatum hydratum. I., 
hy'drated perox'ide of, ferrum oxydatum hydratum. 
I., hy'drated tritox'ide of, ferrum oxydatum hydra- 
tum. I., hydri'odate of, ferri iodidum. I., hydro- 
bro'mate of, ferri bromidum. I. by hy'drogen, ferri 
pulvis. I., hydro-ox'ide of, ferrum oxydatum hy- 
dratum. I., hypophos'phite of, ferri hypophosphis. 
I., i'odide or io'duret of, see Iodine and Ferri iodidum. 
I., lac'tate of, ferri lactas. I. li'quor, ferri acetas. 
I. lung, siderosis. 1. and magne sia, citrate of, fern 
et magnesii citras. I., magnet'ic ox'ide of, oxydum 
ferri nigrum. I., mu'riate of, ferri chloridum. I., 
ni'trate of, solu'tion of, see Tinctura ferri muriatis. 
I., ox'alate of, ferri oxalas. I., ox'ide of, sac'cha- 
rated, ferri oxidum saccharatum. I., perchlo'ride 
of, ferri chloridum. I., perox'ide of, ferri subcar- 
bonas. I., perox'ide of, moist, ferrum oxydatum 
hydratum. I., persul'phate of, see Ferri sulphas. 
I., persul'phate of, solu'tion of, see Ferri sulphas. 
I., phos'phate of, ferri phosphas. I., pills of, com'- 
pound, pilulse ferri composite. I. and potas'sa 
or potas'sium, tar'trate of, ferrum tartarizatum. 
I., potas'sio-ci'trate of, see Ferri ammonio-citras. 
I., pow'der of, ferri pulvis. I., protocar'bonate 
of, ferri protocarbonas. I., protox'ide of, lac'- 
tate of, ferri lactas. I. pyri'tes, ferri sulphuretum. 
I., pyrophos'phate of, ferri pyrophosphas. I., Que- 
venne's, ferri pulvis. I. and qui'nia, ci'trate of, 
ferri et quiniae citras. I. and qui'nia, hydri'odate 
of, see Quinia, iodide of iodhydrate of. I., reduced, 
ferrum redactum. I., sesquichlo'ride of, ferri ehlo- 
ridum. I. sesquini'trate, solu'tion of, see Tinctura 
ferri muriatis. I., sesquiox'ide of, ferri subcarbonas. 
I., sodioci'trate of, see Ferri ammonio-citras. I., 
solu'tion of ci'trate of, liquor ferri citratis. I. and 
strych'nia, ci'trate of, ferri et strychnias citras. I., 
subcar'bonate of, ferri subcarbonas. I., subsul'- 
phate of, solu'tion of, see Ferri sulphas. I., suc'ci- 
nate of, ferri succinas. I., sul'phate of, ferri sulphas. 
I., sul'phate of, gran'ulated, ferri sulphas granulata. 
I., sul'phuret of, ferri sulphuretum. I., tan'nate of, 
ferri tannas. I., tar'tarized, ferrum tartarizatum. 
I., terni'trate of, solu'tion of, see Tinctura ferri mu- 
riatis. I., tritohydroferrocy'anate of, Prussian 
blue. I., vale'rianate of, ferri valerianas. I. weed, 
Vernonia noveboracensis. I. wire, ferri Slum. I. 
wood, Carpinus betulus. 
Ironcosis, ir-on-ko'sis. Iridoncosis. 
I'ros. Fever. Scirrhus of the spleen. Erysipelas. 
Irra'diating. Radiating from a central point or 
focus. Pain is often of this character. 
Irradiation, ir-ra-de-a'shun (ir, radius, a ray). 
Shooting or proceeding from a centre, as I. paim 
Similar direction in which rays of light pass out- 
ward. Similar shape sometimes assumed by fractures. 
Irreducible, ir-re-du'se-b'l. Epithet given to frac- 
tures, luxations, hernise, etc. when they cannot be 
reduced after use of all ordinary methods. 
Irreg'ular (ir, regula, a rule). Anomalous. Term 
applied to the type of a disease, and to the pulse 
when its beats are separated by unequal intervals, 
593 
ISCHIAC 
Irreme'diable. Incurable. 
Irreptio, ir-rep'she-o (ir, repo, to creep). Attack. 
Irrespirable, ir-res'pir-a-b'l. That cannot be 
breathed, as some gases, or that cannot maintain life 
when breathed. 
Irrhythmla, ir-rhith'me-ah (ir for in, negative, 
rhuthmos). Want of rhythm, or irregularity, as of 
heart's action. 
Irrigation (ir, rigo, to water). Act of watering or 
moistening. Methodical application of water to an 
affected part, to keep it constantly wet or for pur- 
poses of cleansing. 
Irrigator, ir'ri-ga-tor. Apparatus for practising 
irrigation, as of wounds or cavities. 
Irritabil'itas (irrito, to excite). Irritability. I. 
Halleria'na, irritability. I. morbo'sa, see Subsultus 
tendinum. I. vesi'cae, see Irritable bladder. 
Irritability. Inherent power, contractility, excit- 
ability, etc. Power possessed by all living organized 
bodies of being acted upon by certain stimuli, and of 
moving responsive to such stimuli. Muscular and 
nervous irritability are of this kind. Mental condi- 
tion characterized by petulence, impatience, etc. See 
Contractility. I., far'adic, contractions of muscles 
caused by an induced galvanic current. 
Ir'ritable (irrito, to excite, habilis, capable). En- 
dowed with irritability. Every living organized tis- 
sue is irritable ; that is, capable of feeling an appro- 
priate stimulus and of moving responsive to such 
stimulus. Impressible, as applied to persons, habit, 
or temper. I. bladder, condition in which there is 
constant desire to pass water. 
Irritamen, ir-rit-ah'men. Irritant; stimulus. 
Irritamen'tum. Erethism; irritant; stimulus. I. 
metal'licum, galvanism. 
Ir'ritant. That which causes irritation or pain, 
heat, and tension; mechanically, as puncture, acu- 
puncture, or scarification; chemically, as the alkalies 
and acids; or in a specific manner, as cantharides. 
I., ner'vous, irritant acting through the nerves, as 
by sympathy. 
Ir'ritated. See Irritation and Inflamed. 
Ir'ritating poi'son. See Poison. 
Irritatio, ir-re-tah'she-o. Erethism; irritation. 
Irrita'tion. State of a tissue or organ in which 
there is excess of vital movement, commonly mani- 
fested by increase of circulation and sensibility. It 
is a common precursor of inflammation. Erethism. 
I., mor'bid, constitutional irritation, irritative fever, 
pseudo-fever; excitement after injuries done to the 
body or to any part thereof. I., spi'nal, rhachialgia, 
principal symptom of which is pain in the back. 
Ir'ritatlve fe'ver. Irritation, morbid. 
Irrorra'tlon (ir, ros, dew). Irrigation. 
Is. Fibre. 
Isadelphia, is-ad-el'fe-ah (isos, equal, adelphos, 
brother). Double monstrosity in which both bodies 
are equally and perfectly developed and possessed of 
independent vital organs, and which are united by 
parts of little significance. 
Isapiol, i-sap'e-ol. C12H14O4. Substance isomeric 
with apiol, with similar physiological properties. 
Is'ca. Boletus igniarius. 
Ischaemia, is-ke'me-ah (ischo, haima, blood). Morbid 
retention or suppression of habitual flux of blood, as 
of hemorrhoidal or menstrual flux or of epistaxis. 
See Hsematostatica. Local arterial anaemia, in which 
the blood is prevented from flowing into the parts for 
which it is destined. Cerebral ischaemia, for ex- 
ample, is produced in the nervous tissue of the brain 
by obliteration or obstruction of the arteries of the 
encephalon. I., cer'ebral, see Ischeemia. I. of op'tic 
disks, I. retinae. I. ret'inae, anaemic condition of the 
retina, with sudden and complete blindness of both 
eyes; ischaemia of the optic disks. 
Ischae'mon or Ischaemum, is-ke'mum. Medicine 
which restrains or stops bleeding; haemostatic. 
Ischas, is'kas (dried fig). See Ficus. 
Iscbesis, is'kes-is (ischo, to restrain). Suppression 
or retention of a discharge or secretion. 
Ischiac, is'ke-ak, Ischiatic, ISCHIADELPHIA 
Ischiadelphia, is-ke-ad-el'fe-ah. Condition of an 
ischiadelphus or ischiopagus. 
Ischiadelphus, is-ke-ad-el'fus (ischion, adelphos, a 
brother). Ischiopages. 
Ischiadic, is-ke-ad'ik. Ischiatic. 
Ischiadicus (is-ke-ad'ik-us) mor'bus. Neuralgia 
femoro-poplitaea. I. ner'vus, sciatic nerve. 
Ischiadocele, is-ke-ad-o-se'le (Eng. is-ke-ad'o-seel). 
Ischiocele. 
Ischiagra, is-ke'ag-rah (ischion, agra, a seizure). 
Ischiatic gout; femoro-popliteal neuralgia. 
Ischial, is'ke-al. Eelating to the ischium. 
Ischialgia, is-ke-al'je-ah (ischion, algos, pain). Is- 
chiagra ; femoro-popliteal neuralgia. 
Ischias, is'ke-as. Ischiagra. I. infebrico'sum, 
coxalgia. I. nervo'sa anti'ca, neuralgia femoro- 
praetibialis. I. nervo'sa Cotun'nii, neuralgia fem- 
oro-poplitsea. I. nervo'sa digita'lis, neuralgia cubito- 
digitalis. I. nervo'sa posti'ca, neuralgia femoro- 
poplitsea. I. rheumat'ica, neuralgia femoro-poplitsea. 
I. h spargano'si, phlegmatia dolens. 
Ischiatic (is-ke-at'ik) or Ischiad'ic. Sciatic; relat- 
ing to the ischium or to parts connected with it. 
The sciatic notches are formed by this bone; the is- 
chiatic spine belongs to it, and gives attachment to 
the small sacrosciatic ligament. The tuberosity of 
the ischium, os sedentarium, tuber ischii, is formed 
by it, receiving the insertions of different muscles of 
the thigh, and forming the projection on which the 
body rests when seated. I. ar'tery, sciatic artery. 
It arises singly from the hypogastric or with the glu- 
teal, and seems to be really a continuation of the 
trunk of the hypogastric. It issues from the pelvis 
at the lower part of the great sciatic notch. I. 
notches, notches, greater and lesser, of the ischium. 
I. re'gion, sciatic region; region of the hip. I. vein, 
this presents the same arrangement as the artery. 
Ischlati'tis. Inflammation of sciatic nerve. 
Ischiatocele, is-ke-at-o-se'le (Eng. is-ke-at'o-seel). 
Ischiocele. 
Ischidrosis, is-kid-ro'sis (ischo, to restrain, hidros, 
sweat). Suppression of perspiration. 
Ischigalactic, is-ke-gal-ak'tik (ischo, to restrain, 
gala, milk). Checking secretion of milk. 
Ischioan'al. Eelating to ischium and anus. 
Ischioblennia, is-ke-o-blen'ne-ah (ischo, to restrain, 
blenna, mucus). Suppression of mucous discharge. 
Ischiobul'bar. Eelating to the ischium and the 
bulb of the urethra. 
Ischiobulbo'sus. Part of superficial transverse 
perineal muscle from ischium to bulb of urethra. 
Ischiocap'sular. Eelating to ischium and capsule 
of hip-joint. 
Ischiocaverno'sus. Belonging to the ischium and 
corpus cavernosum. I. mus'cle, small, long, flat 
muscle surrounding origin of the corpus cavernosum, 
fixed below to the inner side of the tuberosity of the 
ischium, and above to the root of the penis, where it 
is confounded with the fibrous membrane of the cor- 
pus cavernosum. It draws the root of the penis 
downward and backward. The ischiocavernosus of 
the female is arranged nearly as in the male, but is 
less bulky. It arises by aponeurosis from the tuber- 
osity of the ischium, and terminates by embracing 
the corpus cavernosum of the clitoris, contributing 
to erection of the latter. It is the depressor clitoridis 
of Meckel. I. ure'thrae, bulbo-cavernosus. 
Ischiocele, is-ke-o-se'le (Eng. is'ke-o-seel), Ischiat- 
oce'le, or Ischiadoce'le (ischion, kele, tumor). Ischiatic 
or sciatic hernia, in which the viscera issue by the 
great sciatic notch ; a rare disease. 
Ischioclito'rian ar'tery. Division of the internal 
pudic which furnishes the two arteries of the clitoris, 
the superficial and deep-seated. I. nerve, superior 
branch of the pudic nerve distributed to the clitoris. 
Ischioclitoria'nus. Connected with the ischium 
and clitoris, as I. muscle. See Ischiocavernosus (in the 
female). 
Ischioclitorid'ian. Eelating to the ischium and 
clitoris. 
Ischiococcygeus, is-ke-o-kok-se-je'us. Eelating to 
594 
ISCHO 
the ischium and coccyx. Muscle passing from sacro- 
sciatic ligament and crest of ischium to lateral por- 
tion of last sacral and two upper coccygeal vertebrae. 
Part of levator ani arising from obturator fascia. 
Ischiodidymus, is-ke-o-did'im-us {ischium, didumos, 
twin). Double monster in which the individual is 
united at the hip. 
Ischiodym'ia {ischion, duo, to mingle). See Somato- 
dymia. 
Ischiofem/oral. Eelating to ischium and femur. 
IschiofemoraTis. Adductor magnus of thigh. I. 
mag'nus, ischiotibialis internus. I. par'vus, gracilis 
internus. 
Ischiofemoroperoneus, is-ke-o-fem-or-o-per-o-ne'us 
{ischion, femur, perone, fibula). Biceps flexor cruris. 
Ischion, isk'e-on. Ischium. 
Ischioneural'gia. Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea. Sci- 
atica. 
Ischiopa'ges {ischion, pago, to fasten). Monstrous 
union of two foetuses attached to each other by the 
ischia. The monster is called Ischiopagus. See Hypo- 
gastrodidymus. I. tet'rapus, monster with four legs. 
I. tri'pus, monster with three legs. 
Ischioperine'al. Eelating to ischium and perineum. 
Transversus perinsei. 
Ischiophthisis, is-ke-o-te'sis. Phthisis or wasting 
suppuration of the hip-joint. See Coxarum morbus. 
Ischiopoplitifemoral'is. Semimembranosus. 
Ischlopoplititibial'is. Semimembranosus. 
Ischiopretibial'is. Semitendinosus. 
Ischioprostat'ic. Name given to fibres of trans- 
versus periniei muscle which go to the prostate. 
Ischiopu'blc. Eelatiug to ischium and pubes. 
Ischiopu'bicus infe'rior. Muscle arising from fal- 
ciform ligament and inserted into symphysis pubis. 
I. supe'rior, muscular fibres occasionally found in 
tendinous arch of pelvic fascia. 
Ischiopubiprostat'icus. Transversus perinsei. 
Ischiorec'tal. Eelating to ischium and rectum, as 
I. abscess, I. fascia, etc. I. fos'sa, perineal fossa. 
Ischiosa'cral. Eelating to ischium and sacrum. 
Ischioscambo'sls {ischion, shambosis, bending). 
Bending or curvature of the ischium. 
Ischio'sis. Femoro-polipitaeal neuralgia. 
Ischiosubclitorid'ian. Ischioclitorianus. 
Ischiotib'ial. Eelating to ischium and tibia. 
Ischiotibial'is. Ischiotibial. Muscles in some of 
the lower animals, analogues of human biceps flexor 
cruris and part of glutaeus maximus muscles, and 
semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles. 
Ischiotrochanterianus (is-ke-o-tro-kan-ter-e-an'us) 
or Ischiotrochante'rius. Two small fleshy bundles, 
long and flat, which arise, the superior on the outside 
of the sciatic spine, the inferior behind the tuberos- 
ity of the ischium. Both are attached to the tendon 
of the obturator internus, which they accompany 
into the fossa of the trochanter. They rotate the 
lower limb outward; they can also turn the pelvis on 
the femur in standing on one foot. 
Is'chio-urethral'is. Transversus perinsei. 
Ischium (is'ke-um) or Is'chion {ischuo, to support, 
or ischo, to arrest, to retain, because that bone serves 
as a base or support for the trunk when one is seated; 
see Ischiatic). Hucklebone, seatbone. Lowermost of 
the three portions composing the os innominatum of 
the foetus and young individual. The inferior re- 
gion of the same bone is called ischium in the adult, 
although the ancients designated by the word ischion 
the capsular ligament of the coxofemoral, as well as 
the articulation itself. Haunch. 
Ischnogyria, isk-no-jir'e-ah {ischnos, weak, guros, cir- 
cle) . Imperfectly developed convolutions of the brain. 
Ischnophony, isk-nof'o-ne {ischnos, weak, phone, 
voice). Slenderness or weakness of voice ; stuttering. 
Ischnotes, isk-no'tees. Emaciation; consumption. 
Ischno'tia or Isch'notis. Emaciation; consump- 
tion. 
Isch'nous {ischnos, thin). Very thin; consumptive; 
emaciated. 
Is'cho {ischo, to restrain). In composition, arrest, 
retention, ISCHOBLENNIA 
Ischoblen'nia {ischo, Henna, mucus). Suppression of 
a mucous discharge. 
Ischocenosis, isk-o-sen-o'sis {ischo, kenosis, evacua- 
tion). Retention or suppression of an evacuation. 
Ischocholia, isk-o-kol'e-ah {ischo, chole, bile). Re- 
tention or suppression of the biliary secretion. 
Ischocoe'lia or Ischocoil'ia {ischo, koilia, bowels). 
Constipation. 
Ischocop'ria {ischo, kopros, excrement). Constipation. 
Ischogalactia, isk-o-gal-ak'te-ah (isc/io, gala, milk). 
Want of milk in the mamm®. Suppression of lacteal 
secretion. 
Ischolochia, isk-o-lok-e'ah {ischo, locheia, lochial 
discharge). Suppression of the lochial discharge. 
Ischomenia, isk-o-men'e-ah {ischo, menes, menses). 
Amenorrhoea. 
Ischophonia, isk-o-fo'ne-ah {ischo, phone, voice). 
Impediment in speech; stammering. See Balbuties. 
Ischosper'mia {ischo, sperma, sperm). Retention 
or suppression of the spermatic secretion. 
Ischuretic, isk-u-ret'ik {ischo, ouron, urine). Re- 
lating to ischuria. Medicine that causes suppression 
of urine; also applied to medicine that relieves that 
condition. Diuretic. 
Ischuria, isk-u're-ah. Stoppage of urine. Reten- 
tion of, or impossibility of discharging, the urine. 
Suppression of the secretion. Renal ischuria, Ischu- 
ria renalis, Anuria, Anuresis, Nephranuria. Ischuria 
vera is that in which, the urine having accumulated 
in the bladder, the patient is unable to pass it, not- 
withstanding the constant distressing inclination. 
In false ischuria, paruria inops, p. retentionis renalis, 
ischuria notha or spuria, owing to disease of the kid- 
ney or ureters the urine cannot reach the bladder. 
Ischuria has received other names, according to the 
seat and character of the obstacle opposing the exit 
of the urine, as renal, ureteric, vesical, urethral, and 
calculous ischuria. Vesical ischuria is generally used 
synonymously with retention of urine. I. aton'ica, 
ischury due to atony or paralysis of the bladder. I. 
cystit'ica, I. from inflammation of the bladder. 
I. cystolith'ica, I. caused by stone in the bladder. 
I. cystophlegmat'ica, cystirrhcea. I. cystopleg'ica, 
I. from paralysis of the bladder. I. cystospast'ica, 
I. caused by spasm of the bladder. I. dysu'ria, dys- 
uria. I. gravida'rum, I. of pregnancy and parturi- 
tion. I. nephrit'ica, nephrolith'ica, nephropleg'ia, 
suppression of urine from causes originating in the 
kidney, as from inflammation, calculus, or paralysis. 
I. neurot'ica, I. as a result of hysteria, chorea, or epi- 
lepsy. I. perinsea'lis, obstruction to passage of urine 
through the urethra in the perineal region. I. phi- 
mo'sica, see Phimosicus. I. rena'lis, suppression of 
urine from causes existing in the kidney; see I. 
nephritica. I. spasmod'ica, I. due to spasm of 
bladder. I. spu'ria, see Ischuria. I., true, I. vera. 
I. ureter'ica, ureterit'ica, urethrolith'ica, ureter- 
opy'ica, suppression of urine from causes in the 
ureters, as inflammation, calculus, pus, etc. I. ure- 
thral'is, ischuria from causes in the urethra, as in- 
flammation, phymosis, calculus, or other concretions, 
etc. I. urethral'is a phimosl, see Phimosicus. I. ve'ra 
or vesica'lis, suppression of urine from causes seated 
in the bladder; retention of urine. See Ischuria. 
Ischu'ric. Ischuretic. 
Ischury, isk'u-re. Ischuria. 
Ischys, is'kis. Strength. 
Isertia (is-er'she-ah) coccin'ea. Tree of S. America, 
leaves of which are applied to tumors. Bark is febri- 
fuge, and also employed in hepatic diseases. 
I'singlass (G. hausen, a sturgeon, and blase, blad- 
der). Ichthyocolla. I., Bengal', agar-agar. L, Jap'- 
anese, substance obtained from seaweed in China; 
used in the formation of jellies under the name sea- 
weed jelly. I. plas'ter, emplastrum ichthyocoll®; 
see Sparadrapum adheesivum. 
I'sis nob'ilis. See Coral. 
Island of Reil. Insula cerebri. 
Isnar'dia (after D'Isnard, French botanist) alter- 
nifo'lia. Ludwigia alternifolia. I. palus'tris, Lud- 
yigia palustrjs, 
595 
ISSUE 
I'so (isos, equal). In composition, equal. 
Iso-amylamine, i-so-am-il'am-een. C5H13N. Pto- 
maine from putrefaction of yeast in cod-liver oil; 
alkaline liquid, strong neurotic poison. 
Isoam'ylene. Pental. 
Isoapiol, i-zo-ap'e-ol. Substance obtained from 
apiol, affecting tbe vaso-motor apparatus. 
Isobutylphe'nol i'odide. Cresol iodide. 
Isochromatic, i-zo-kro-mat'ik (iso, chroma, color). 
Having the same color. 
Isochronous, is-ok'ron-us (iso, chronos, time). That 
which takes place in the same time or in equal times, 
as pulsation of arteries in various parts of the body. 
Isoco'ria (iso, kore, pupil). Equality in diameter 
of the two pupils. 
Isodromus, is-od'ro-mus (iso, dromos, course). Isoch- 
ronous. 
Isodynamic, i-so-di-nam'ik (iso, dunamis, power). 
Equal in power or force. 
Isolation. Insulation. 
I'solator. Insulator. 
Isoline, i'so-leen. C14H17N. Substance found in 
quinoline. 
Isologous, i-sol'og-us. Identical in composition. 
Isolusin, i-so-lu'sin (iso, luo, to wash). Bitter sub- 
stance in Polygala Virginiana. See Polygala senega. 
Isomeric, i-som'er-ik (iso, meros, part). .Agreeing 
in composition, but differing in properties; the condi- 
tion being termed Isom'erism; applied to the replacing 
of one element in a crystalline salt by another, the 
form remaining unaltered. 
Isometropia, i-so-met-ro'pe-ah (isos, equal, metron, 
measure, ops, eye). Equal refraction of both eyes. 
Isomorphous, i-so-mor'fus. Having the same or 
similar crystalline form, Isomor'phism. 
Isonan'dra gut'ta. See Gutta-percha. 
Isonaphthol, i-so-naf'thol. Naphthol. 
Isonitrosoantipyrine, i-so-ni-tro-so-an-te-pi'reen. 
Green compound produced by action of acid nitrites 
on antipyrine. 
Isopathotherapy, i-so-path-o-ther'ap-e (isos, equal, 
pathos, disease, therapeuo, to cure). Isopathy. 
Isopathy, i-sop'ath-e (iso, pathos, disease). Cure of 
disease by the disease itself or its products, under the 
hypothesis that every contagious disease contains in 
its contagious matter the means for its cure; thus, 
that variola may be cured by homoeopathic doses of 
variolous matter; syphilis, by venereal matter, etc. 
The term parallelism of diseases has been used for 
the disposition of diseases to anastomose with each 
other or to wear each other's livery. 
Isopep'sin. Parapeptone. 
Isophloroglu'cin. Saccharine substance produced 
in manufacture of acetic acid from Prunus cerasus. 
Isopho'ria (isos, equal, phoreo, to carry). Equal 
tension of the vertical muscles of each eye. 
Isopropyl'amine. See Propylamine. 
Isop'ters (iso, opt er, observer). Relative sharpness 
of vision of retina at various distances from macula. 
Isop'yrine. Bitter alkaloid obtained from root of 
Isopyrum thalictro'ides, plant of Southern Europe. 
Isoscope, i'so-skope (isos, equal, skopeo, to see). In- 
strument for examining the position of vertical and 
horizontal lines in the movements of the eyes. 
Isoterebin'thine. C10H16. Hydrocarbon found in 
oil of turpentine from Pinus maritima. 
Isothermal, i-so-thur'mal (isos, equal, therme, heat). 
Of equal degrees of heat. 
Isotoma (is-ot'o-mah) (isos, equal, tome, incision) 
longiflo'ra. W. Indian lobeliaceous plant; cathartic; 
in large doses irritant toxical purgative. 
Isotonic, i-so-ton'ik (isos, equal, tonos, tone or ten- 
sion). Having equal tone or tension, as a muscle 
thus unaffected by stimulation. 
Isotropic, i-so-trop'ik (isos, equal, trope, turning). 
Having equal powers, as of refraction, muscular con- 
tractility, etc.; the condition is called Isotropy. 
Isotropy, i-sot'ro-pe. See Isotropic. I. of the 
o'vum, combination of nuclei of the two sexual 
elements in fecundation. 
Is'sue (ex, eo, to go out). Result, as of a disease; ISTHMION 
fonticulus. I. peas, Aurantia curassaventia; see 
Fonticulus. 
Isth'mion. Isthmus; pharynx. 
Isthmitis, isth-me'tis. Inflammation of isthmus of 
the fauces. See Cynanche pharyngea and Angina. 
Isthmium, isth'me-um. Isthmus. 
Isthmocatar'rhus. Catarrh of the fauces. 
Isthmodynia, isth-mo-din'e-ah (isthmus, odune, pain). 
Pain in the fauces. 
Isthmopathl'a. Disease of isthmus of fauces. 
Isthmoplegia, isth-mo-plej'e-ah (isthmus, plege, a 
stroke). Paralysis of the fauces. 
Isthmopol'ypus. Polypus of the fauces. 
Isthmopyra, isth-mop'ir-ah (isthmos, neck, par, fire). 
Inflammation of the fauces. 
Isthmorrhagla, isth-mor-rhaj'e-ah (isthmos, rhegnu- 
mi, to break forth). Hemorrhage from the fauces. 
Isth'mos. Isthmus; pharynx. 
Isth'mospasm. Spasm of isthmus of the fauces. 
Isthmoty'phus. Gangrenous angina; cynanche 
maligna. 
Isth'mus, Isth'mion, or Isth'mium. Tongue of 
land joining a peninsula to a continent or separating 
two seas; a narrow pass. I. of the brain, I., enceph- 
alic. I., cer'ebral, I., encephalic. I., encephal'ic 
or of the enceph'alon, narrowed and constricted 
portion of the encephalic mass, between the cerebrum, 
the cerebellum, and the medulla oblongata, corre- 
sponding to the free margin of the tentorium cerebelli, 
and comprising the pons Varolii and middle pedun- 
cles of the cerebellum, the peduncles of the cerebrum, 
the tubercula quadrigemina, the superior peduncles 
of the cerebellum, and the valve of Vieussens. I. of 
Eustach'ian tube, I. tubas Eustachii. I. of Fallo'- 
pian tube, narrow part of that canal. I. of the 
fau'ces, strait separating the mouth from the phar- 
ynx ; formed above by the velum palati and uvula; 
at the sides by the pillars of the fauces and the tonsils; 
and below by the base of the tongue. The fauces. I. 
of fossa ova'lis, prominent arch formed above the 
fossa ovalis by the union of the two pillars which 
bound the cavity; annulus ovalis. I. of Guyon, I. of 
the uterus. I., gy'ral, junction of precentral and pro- 
central gyri in the brain. I. gy'ri fornica'ti, slight 
contraction at back part of gyrus fornicatus. I. he'- 
patis, pons hepatis; see Lobulus anonymus. I. of Muller, 
internal os uteri. I. of o'viduct, I. of Fallopian tube. 
I. pharyn'go-nasa'lis, posterior isthmus of fauces. 
I. pharyn'go-ova'lis, anterior isthmus of fauces. 
I. pros'tatse, middle lobe of prostate; see Prostate. 
I. of thy'roid gland, narrow band uniting the two 
chief lobules of the thyroid gland. I. tu'bse Eu- 
stach'ii, narrow portion of cartilaginous portion of 
that canal. I. tu'bse Fallo'pii, I. of Fallopian tube. 
I. ure'thrse, membranous part of male urethra ; more 
constricted part of female urethra; see Urethra. I. 
u'teri, see Uterus. I. Vieussen'ii, isthmus of the fossa 
ovalis; see Ovalis fossa. 
Ital'ian juice. Extractum glycyrrhizte. 
Ital'icus mor'bus (Italian disease). Syphilis. 
Itch. Psora. I. animal'cule, see Psora. I. of an'- 
imals, scabies ferina. I., ar'my, disease described by 
some as distinct from ordinary scabies, seeming to be 
engendered by the filth of camp-life, but supposed by 
others to be prurigo mixed with eczema and lichen. 
I., ba'ker's, see Psoriasis. I., bar'ber's, sycosis. I., 
Bed'ouin, lichen tropicus, with vesiculation. I., 
brlck'layer's, eczema impetiginodes. I., cow'-pox, 
cutaneous eruption appearing after the fourteenth day 
from vaccination, and consisting of isolated vesicles, 
often filled with a puriform fluid. I., drunk'ard's, 
psora ebriorum. I., frost, pruritus hiemalis. I., gro'- 
cer's, see Psoriasis. I., in'sect, see Psora. I., lum- 
ber'man's, I., prairie. I., mi'te, see Psora. I., Nor- 
wegian, see Radzyge. I., prai'rie, pruritus hiemalis 
occurring in those engaged in agricultural pursuits 
and others wearing coarse dyed clothes. I., su'gar- 
ba'ker's, eczema in persons so occupied. I., swamp, 
I., prairie. I., vene'real, scherlievo. I., wash'er- 
woman's, eczema lotricum; see Psoriasis. I., wa'- 
tery, scabies lymphatica, I. weed, Veratrum viride. 
596 
IXYOMYELITIS 
Itch'ing. Sensation, more inconvenient than pain- 
ful, seated, especially at the surface of the body, and 
provoking the patient to scratch the part. It may be 
either an external or an internal sensation ; that is, 
produced by an external body or by some modi- 
fication in the organic actions of the itching part. 
Iter (e'tur) (a way or passage) chor'dae ante'rius. 
Canal of Huguier; canal in external wall of cavity 
of tympanum for exit of chorda tympani. I. chor'dae 
poste'rius, canal in external wall of cavity of tym- 
panum for entrance of chorda tympani. I. den'tis, 
see Gubernaculum dentis. I. femin'eum, perineum. 
I. ad infundib'ulum, opening in floor of third ven- 
tricle leading to the infundibulum; vulva. I. a 
pala'to ad au'rem, Eustachian tube. I. ad quar'- 
tum ventric'ulum, aquaeductus Sylvii. I. a ter'tio 
ad quar'tum ventric'ulum, aquaeductus Sylvii. I. ad 
ter'tium ventric'ulum, vulva. I. uri'nae or urina'- 
rium, urethra. 
Ithagenes, ith-aj'en-ees (ithus, straight, genos, race). 
Indigenous. 
Ithycyphus, ith-e-sif'us (ithus, straight, kuphos, 
humpbacked). Having posterior angular curvature 
of spine. 
Ithylordus, ith-il-or'dus (ithus, straight, lordos, bent 
forward). Having anterior angular curvature of 
spine. 
Ithyphallus, ith-e-fal'lus (ithus, straight, phallos, 
penis). Amulet in the form of an erect penis, an- 
ciently worn around the neck as an alexiteric. 
Ithyscolios, ith-e-skol'e-os (ithus, straight, skolios, 
crooked). Having antero-posterior curvature of 
spine. 
Itinera'rium (iter, a way). Conductor; director. 
Itis, e'tis. Suflix denoting inflammation; as en- 
cephalitis, inflammation of the encephalon ; pleuritis, 
inflammation of the pleura. 
I'va. Teucrium iva. I. arthrit'ica or commu'ne, 
Ajuga chamaepitys, Teucrium chamaepitys. I.frutes'- 
cens, shrub of Mexico; febrifuge. I. moscha'ta 
Monspelien'sium, Ajuga iva; Teucrium iva. I. pe- 
can'ga, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
I'vain. Bitter substance from Achillea moschata. 
I'vory. Tusk of the elephant; chiefly composed 
of phosphate of lime, and used for the fabrication of 
pessaries, artificial teeth, handles of instruments, etc. 
Formerly, when calcined to whiteness, it entered into 
some pharmaceutical preparations, was regarded as 
astringent and anthelmintic, and was called spodium. 
Dentine is the ivory of the human tooth. See Tooth. 
I., black, see Carbo animalis. I., veg'etable, Phytel- 
ephas macrocarpa; Sagus amicarum. 
I'vy. Hedera helix, Kalmia angustifolia. I.,Amer'- 
ican, Ampelopsis quinquefolia. I., Amer'lean poi'- 
son, Rhus toxicodendron. I., bar'ren, Hedera helix. 
I., big, Kalmia latifolia, Hedera helix. I., black, 
Hedera helix. I., climb'ing, Rhus radicans. I., 
com'mon, Hedera helix. I., creep'ing or Eng'lish, 
Hedera helix. I., five-leaved, Ampelopsis quinque- 
folia. I., gout, Ajuga chamaepitys. I., ground, Gle- 
coma hederacea ; Hedera helix ; Convolvulus sepium; 
Ajuga chamaepitys; Vinca minor. I. gum, gum from 
Hedera helix; stimulant and emmenagogue. I., 
poi'son, Rhus toxicodendron. 
Ix'ia. Varix; Viscum album. 
Ixi'ne (ixos, bird-lime). Atractylus gummifera; 
Carlina acaulis. 
Ixo'des ric'inus (ixodes, tenacious, parasitic). Tick, 
woodtick. Animal parasite, immersing its proboscis 
in the skin, and often exciting great irritation there. 
Ixo'ra bandae'ea or bandhu'ea. Rubiaceous plant 
of E. Indies; root is employed in malarial fevers, 
diarrhoea, and dysentery, and externally in cutaneous 
affections. I. coccin'ea, of Eastern and Southern Asia, 
has similar therapeutic action. I. lanceola'ta, root is 
used for toothache. 
Ix'us. Viscum album. 
Ix'ya, Ix'ye, or Ix'ys. The ilia, flanks, and loins; 
most frequently the last. 
Ixyomyeli'tis (ixya, muelos, marrow). Inflamma- 
tion of the spinal marrow in the lumbar region. JABORANDI 
597 
JATROPHA 
J. 
Jaboran'di. Leaves of several species of pilocar- 
pus, and of other plants with similar therapeutic 
properties, have this name. See Pilocarpus. 
Jaboran'dine. Pilocarpine. 
Jaboric (jab-or'ik) ac'id. Substance obtained from 
pilocarpidine by precipitation with excess of nitrate 
of silver. 
Jaboridine, jab-or'id-een. Amorphous substance 
derived from oxidation of pilocarpidine. 
Jaborine, jab'or-een. Alkaloid, C11H16N2O5, resem- 
bling atropia, produced by exposing concentrated acid 
solution of pilocarpine to heat. 
Ja'ca In'dica. Thymus mastichina. 
Jacaran'da (Brazilian name) caroba. Caroba. J. 
Brazilia'na, caroba. J. lancifolia'ta, leaves of this 
Colombian species are used in gonorrhoea, syphilis, 
and purulent cystitis. J. proc'era, caroba. 
Jace'a ramosis'sima. Centaurea calcitrapa. J. 
tri'color, Viola tricolor. 
Jacens, jas'ens (jaceo, to lie). Sick. 
Jack of the but'tery. Sedum acre. J. in the 
hedge, alliaria. J. weed, Ranunculus arvensis. 
Jack'et, bark. Quilted jacket containing cinchona, 
worn by those affected with malarial disease. See 
Bark. J., plas'ter, plaster-of-Paris jacket employed 
as a support in spinal disease. 
Jackso'nian (after J. Hughlings Jackson). Term 
applied to a form of epilepsy. See Epilepsy. 
Jack'son's pec'toral sy'rup. Prescription of Prof. 
Samuel Jackson of Philadelphia, at one time exten- 
sively prescribed, the ingredients of which were sas- 
safras pith, gum arabic, sugar, muriate of morphia, 
and water. 
Jacoboea, jak-o-be'a. Senecio Jacobeea. 
Ja'cob's char'iot (after Dr. Jacob of Dublin). Acon- 
itum napellus. J.'s coat, tunica Jacobi. J.'s lad'- 
der, false, Polemonium reptans. J.'s mem'brane, 
tunica Jacobi. J.'s staff, Verbascum thapsus. J.'s 
sword, Iris pseudacorus. J.'s ul'cer, lupus; chan- 
croid. 
Ja'cobson, nerve of. See Petrosal ganglion. J., 
ve'nous sys'tem of (after Prof. Jacobson of Copen- 
hagen), see Venous system. 
Ja'cobson's anastomo'sis. See Petrosal ganglion. 
Jacquin'ia (from Jacquin, French botanist) armil- 
la'ris. Bracelet-wood, W. Indian currant; used in 
dental caries and as a sudorific. 
Jacta'tlon or Jactitation, jak-te-ta'shun (jacto, to 
toss about). Extreme anxiety or excessive restless- 
ness, a symptom in serious diseases. 
Jactator, jak-tah'tor (jacto, to throw). Vas defer- 
ens. 
Jactita'tio, Inquietude; jactation. 
Jactura (jak-tu'rah) (jacto, to throw) substan'tiae. 
Discoloration of surface from external injury. 
Jag'gery. Spirit (arrack). See Toddy. 
Jal'ap (Chalapa or Xalapa, its native place). Exo- 
gonium purga; Convolvulus jalapa; Phytolacca 
decandra. J., black, true jalap, Ipomaea purga. J., 
Brazilian, root of Ipomaea operculata. J. can'cer 
root, Phytolacca decandra. J., com'pound pow'- 
der of, pulvis jalapae compositus. J., com'pound 
tinc'ture of, tincture jalapae composita. J., 
East In'dian, Ipomaea turpethum. J., ex'tract of, 
extractum jalapae. J., fu'siform, light male, see 
Convolvulus jalapa. J., In'dian, Ipomaea turpethum. 
J., male, Orizaba root; root of Ipomaea turpethum. 
J., res'in of, resina jalapae. J., Tampi'co, root of 
Ipomaea simulans, purga de Sierra Gorda of Mexico. 
J., tincture of, tinctura jalapae. J., true, Ipomaea 
purga. J., Vera Cruz, Ipomaea purga. J., white, 
root of Convolvulus mechoacanha. J., wild, Con- 
volvulus panduratus. 
Jala'pa. Convolvulus jalapa. J. al'ba, Convolvu- 
lus mechoacanha. J. officina'rum, officinal jalap. 
Jalap'ic acid. C62H106O35. Result of action of 
baryta on jalapin. 
Jal'apin. C34H56O16. Resinous glucoside derived 
from root of Ipomaea Orizabensis, homologous with 
convolvulin ; drastic cathartic. See Convolvulus jalapa. 
Jalap'inol. C13H24O3. Crystalline substance re- 
sulting from decomposition of jalapin. 
Jala'pium. Jalapin. See Convolvulus jalapa. 
Jalap'pa. Convolvulus jalapa. J. al'ba, Convol- 
vulus mechoacan. 
Jalo'pa. Convolvulus jalapa. 
Jamaic'a. See West Indies. J. bark tree, Bursera 
gummifera. 
Jamaicine, jam-a'seen. See Geoffrsea inermis. 
Jambo'sa. Genus of Myrtaceae, several species of 
which are edible. J. vulga'ris, rose-apple, is astrin- 
gent in its leaves and bark, fruit is febrifuge, and 
seeds are used for diarrhcea and dysentery. 
Jambo'sin. Crystalline principle derived from 
jambosa. 
Jam'bul. Remedy of recent introduction in treat- 
ment of diabetes. 
James's analep'tic pills. See Analeptica. J.'s 
pow'der, see Antimonial powder. 
James'town weed. Datura stramonium. 
Janiceps, jan'is-eps (Janus, divinity with two 
faces, caput, head). Double monster, the two bodies 
intimately united above a common umbilicus, and a 
double head, with the faces looking in opposite di- 
rections. 
Janipha (jan'if-ah) man'ihot. Jatropha manihot. 
Jan'itor (janua, door). Pylorus. 
Janito'res marsu'pii. Marsupial bones. 
Janitrix, jan'e-trik (janua, door). Porta vena. 
Janus (two-headed god). Dicephalus. See Janiceps. 
Japaconine, jap-ak'on-een. C26H41N2O2. Alkaloid 
very similar to aconine. 
Jasmine, jas'meen. Jasminum. 
Jasminum (jas'min-um) angustifo'lium. Narrow- 
leaved jasmine; bitter root is used in herpetic and 
other eruptions. J. Arab'icum, Coflea Arabum. J. 
floribun'dum, Abyssinian plant, leaves of which are 
anthelmintic. J. nervo'sum, species in Cochin China, 
parts of which are used as depurants. J. officina'le, 
jessamine, jasmine, ord. Jasmineae. Plant is indige- 
nous to India. The flowers have a fragrant smell and 
bitter taste. They afford by distillation an essential 
oil-oil of jasmine-much esteemed in Italy for rub- 
bing paralytic limbs and the cure of rheumatic pains. 
J. pubig'erum, leaves of this plant of China and 
India are used in ophthalmia. J., revolution, root 
of this E. Indian species is used in ringworm. J., 
sam'bac, an Arabian jasmine employed in eye affec- 
tions and as a galactagogue. 
Jas'per. Jaspis. 
Jaspis, jas'pis. Precious stone formerly supposed 
capable of arresting hemorrhage, and curing stone 
when worn as an amulet. Internally used as a stom- 
achic and cardiac excitant and in epilepsy. 
Jataman'si. Sumbul. 
Jateorrhiza (jat-e-or-rhe'zah) palma'ta and J. ca- 
lum'ba. Plants native of Mozambique, considered 
by some as the source of calumba. 
Jatropha curcas, jat'ro-fa kur'kas (iaomai, to heal, 
trepho, to nourish). Nat. order Euphorbiaceae. Seeds 
of this plant (Pinhones Indicis, purging, physic, or 
Barbadoes nut) afford an oil-oleum infernale, O. 
ricini majoris-given like castor oil, to which it is 
nearly allied. The oil is used externally in chronic 
rheumatism and skin diseases. Leaves are rubefa- 
cient, juice is haemostatic. They contain a peculiar 
acid, jatrophic or igasuric. The seeds of Jat'ropha 
multif 'ida are called purging-nuts, and give out a 
similar oil. J. elas'tica, see Caoutchouc. J. glandu- 
lif'era or glauc'a, Bombay plant, juice of which is Jaundice 
used in opacity of cornea, and oil of seeds externally 
in chronic rheumatism. J. gossypifo'lia, bellyache 
bush of S. America and W. Indies, oil and seeds of 
which are purgative. J. man'ihot, bitter cassava; 
plant affording cassada or cassava root, ricinus mi- 
nor, manioc, mandioc, mandioca, magnoc, maniot, 
yucca, maniibar, aipi, Aipima coxera, apipoca, jan- 
ipha. The juice of the root is extremely acrid and 
poisonous; after being fermented it becomes harm- 
less, and is used for the intoxicating liquor tucupi. 
What remains after expressing is made into cakes or 
meal, farinha, of which the cassada or cassava bread 
is formed; the latter constitutes a principal food of 
the inhabitants of the parts where it grows. Fecula 
of the root forms tapioca, cipipa, fecula tapioca, 
amylum manihoticum, very nutritious, and prepared 
in the same manner as sago. A factitious tapioca is 
met with, of small, smooth, spherical grains, supposed 
to be prepared from potato starch, and sold under the 
name of pearl tapioca. J. multif'ida, coral plant, 
tyleberry, of Brazil and W. Indies, resembles J. cur- 
cas; oil of the seeds is purgative. J. oil, oil of seeds 
of J. curcas, resembling croton oil. J. opiif'era, Bra- 
zilian species, emeto-cathartic. J. pur'gans, J. cur- 
cas. J. tril'oba, Aleurites triloba. J. umbella'ta, 
species from Surinam, tonic and emollient. 
Jaundice, jan'dis (jaune, yellow). Icterus. J. 
ber'ry or tree, Berberis vulgaris. J., black, melsena. 
J., blue, cyanopathy. J., car'diac, J. from conges- 
tion of veins of liver, from valvular insufficiency of 
the heart. J., catar'rhal, see Icterus. J., conta'- 
gious, yellow fever. J., epidem'ic, epidemic acute 
yellow atrophy of liver. J., false, J. resulting from 
decomposition of blood and release of its coloring 
matter. J., fa'tal, hepatitis, diffused. J., feb'rile, 
Weil's disease. J., green, icterus viridis. J., hsem- 
atog'enous, J., false. J., hepatog'enous or hepato- 
gen'ic, J. from obstruction to the bile in its natural 
channels, bile being absorbed into the blood. J., 
intermit'tent, J. of malarial origin. J., lead, 
icterus saturniuus. J. of new'-born, icterus neona- 
torum. J., mala'rial, J., intermittent. J., malig'- 
nant, icterus gravis. J., men'strual, icterus men- 
strualis. J., obstructive, J. caused by obstruction 
of biliary or hepatic canals. J., paradoxical, Addi- 
son's disease. J., red, redness of the skin, without 
fever. J., retentive, J., obstructive. J., sat'urnine, 
J., lead. J., sim'ple, catarrhal icterus. J., spring, 
icterus vernalis. J., white, chlorosis. 
Jaundiced, jan'dis'd. Affected with jaundice. 
Jav'a tea. Leaves from Orthosyphon staminseus; 
diuretic. 
Javanine, jav'an-een. Alkaloid derived from cali- 
saya bark of Java. 
Jaw. Maxillary bone. J., big, actinomycosis. J., 
lock or locked, trismus. J., lump'y, J., big. J., 
Wolf's, deformative variety of hare-lip. 
Jaw disease, phos'phorus, fos'for-us. See Phos- 
phorus. J. necro'sis, see Phosphorus. J. necro'sis, 
exanthem/atous, form of necrosis similar to that in- 
duced by phosphorus, consequent on eruptive fevers. 
Jaw'bone. Maxillary bone. 
Jaw'-jerk. Motion produced by tapping the jaw 
while the mouth is open. 
Jecinus, jek'in-us. Liver. 
Jecoral, jek'or-al. Hepatic. 
Jecoraria, jek-or-ar'e-ah. Marchantia polymorpha. 
Jecorarius, jek-or-ar'e-us. Bilious, as a diarrhoea 
or flux; hepatic. 
Jecorin, jek'or-in (jecur, liver). Substance obtained 
from liver of the horse. 
Jecoris vomica, jek'or-is vom'ik-ah. See Hepatitis. 
J. v. larda'ceum, see Liver. 
Jecorose, jek'or-oze. Hepatic. 
Jectigatio, jek-te-gah'she-o (jactura, throwing). 
Species of epilepsy or convulsion. Spasm of heart or 
other part of the body. 
Jecur, jek'ur. Liver. J. uteri'num, placenta. 
Jeffersonia Bartoni (jef-fer-so'ne-ah bar-to'ne) or 
diphyl'la (after President Jefferson). Common twin- 
leaf, Yellow root, Rheumatism root, Helmet pod, Ground- 
598 
JOHNNY JUMPER 
squirrel pea. Indigenous plant, nat. ord. Berberidese; 
emetic, tonic, expectorant, antisyphilitic, and anti- 
rheumatic. 
Jejunal, je-ju'nal. Relating or appertaining to the 
jejunum. 
Jejunectomy, jej-u-nek'to-me {jejunum, ektome, ex- 
cision). Excision of portion of jejunum. 
Jejuniosus, je-ju-ne-o'sus. Jejunal; fasting. 
Jejunitas, je-ju'nit-as {jejunus, empty). Hunger, 
fasting. 
Jejunitis, jej-u-ne'tis. Inflammation of the jeju- 
num. 
Jejunium, je-ju'ne-um. Hunger, fasting. 
Jejuno-ileostomy, je-ju'no-il-e-os'to-me {jejunum, 
ileum, stoma, mouth). Establishment of an artificial 
aperture between the jejunum and ileum. 
/ejuno-ileum, je-ju'no-il'e-um. Portion of small in- 
testine between duodenum and ascending colon. See 
Intestine. 
Jejunostomy, je-ju-nos'to-me {jejunum, stoma, 
mouth). Establishment of an aperture of communi- 
cation in the jejunum, for admission of food in can- 
cer of the pylorus, etc. 
Jejunum, je-ju'num {jejunus, empty). Part of the 
small intestine comprised between the duodenum 
and ileum; so called because almost always found 
empty in the dead body. 
Jelly. Substance of soft consistence, tremulous and 
transparent, obtained by appropriate treatment from 
animal or vegetable matters. J. of the cord, gelatin of 
Wharton. J., rice, see Oryza. J., sea'weed, see 
Isinglass. J., wa'ter, Brasenia hydropeltis; Hydro- 
peltis purpurea. J., Wharto'nian or Whar'ton's, 
gelatin of Wharton. 
Jenkinsonia antidysenterlca, jen-kin-so'ne-ahan- 
te-dis-en-ter'e-kah (after Jenkinson, English bota- 
nist). Pelargonium antidysentericum. 
Jennerian, jen-ne're-an. Relating to Jenner, dis- 
coverer of vaccination, or to vaccination. 
Jequiritin, jek-ir'it-in. Principle derived from 
sprouting jequirity seeds, giving them their charac- 
teristic properties. An infusion is used by oculists 
in ophthalmia. 
Jequirity, jek-ir'it-e. Abrus precatorius. 
Jer'gon. See Arrow-poison. 
Jerk. Sudden and spasmodic muscular action; as 
jaw-jerk of muscles of mastication; knee-jerk, generally 
mentioned as " patellar tendon reflex " of quadriceps 
femoris muscle, and diminished or absent in certain 
diseases of the spinal cord. See Reflex. 
Jerking respiration, jurk'ing res-pir-a'shun. See 
Respiration. 
Jerks. Epidemic chorea. See Mania, dancing. 
Jeroffleris. Dianthus caryophyllus. 
Jerusalem oak of America. Chenopodium anthel- 
minticum. 
Jervic (jur'vik) acid. C14H10O12. Crystalline sub- 
stance derived from white hellebore root. 
Jervine, jur'veen. C27H47N2O8. White alkaloid 
derived from different species of veratrum. 
Jeseminum, jes-em-e'num. Jasminum officinale. 
Jes'samine. Jasminum officinale. J., yellow, 
Gelseminum nitidum or sempervirens. 
Jes'uits' bark. Cinchona. 
Jeticucu. Name given in Brazil to various forms 
of ipomeea. 
Jew'bush. Pedilanthus tithymaloides. 
Jew'el weed. Impatiens balsamina; I. fulva. 
Jew's ear. Peziza. J.'s harp, Trillium latifolium. 
Jig'ger. Pulex penetrans. 
Jlmpson (jim'son) or Jimston weed, jim'ston weed 
(corr. from Jamestown). Datura stramonium. 
Jinked. A veterinary term denoting sprained in 
the back. 
Jiqui'tiba. Pyxidaria macrocarpa. 
Joannesla princeps, jo-an-na'ze-zah prin'seps. 
Anda. 
Jobert (zho-bare'), su'ture of. See Suture. 
Joe pye. Eupatorium perfoliatum; E. purpureum. 
Johannesia, jo-han-na'ze-ah. Joannesia. 
John'ny junip'er or jump-up. Viola tricolor. JOHNSWOOD 
Johns'wood or Johns'wort. Hypericum. 
Joint. Articulation; arthrosis. J., ball-and- 
sock'et, enarthrosis. J., con'dyloid, articulation 
admitting of various movements with circumduction. 
J. disease, see Charcot and Arthropathy. J., dove'- 
tail, suture. J., e'vil, elephantiasis nodosa. J., 
false, pseudarthrosis. J., gin'glymoid, ginglymus. 
J., gli'ding, arthrodia. J., hinge, ginglymus. J., 
hysterical, pseudarthrosis. J., ir'ritable, violent 
knee-joint symptoms, sometimes long after injury of 
the part. J. oil, synovia. J., spl'ral or screw- 
hinged, spiral form of ginglymus, as at the elbow. J., 
stiff, ankylosis. J., syphilitic, pulpy disease. J. 
weed, Polygonum articulatum. 
Joint'ed. Articulated. 
Jon'quil. Term applied to various forms of Nar- 
cissus. 
Jo'vis flos (flower of Jove). Crocus. J. glans, 
juglans. 
Ju'cato calleloe. Phytolacca decandra. 
Judaeus, ju-de'us. Stone found in Judaea, Pales- 
tine, etc., formerly esteemed diuretic and lithon- 
triptic. 
Ju'das tree. Bed bud. Bark of Cercis Canadensis; 
astringent in diarrhoea, leuchorrhoea, etc. 
Judgment, juj'ment (judico, to judge). Faculty 
of the intellect by which ideas are compared and 
their relative worth appreciated. 
Judicatorii dies, ju-dik-at-o're-e de'es. Critical 
days. 
Judicium, ju-dis'e-um (judex, judge). Judgment. 
Juga (ju'gah) (pl. of Jugum, yoke) alveola'ria. See 
Alveolar arches. J. cerebra'lia, prominences on the 
inner surface of the bones of the cranium between 
the digital impressions. J. cervi'cis u'teri, arbor 
vitae utfjrina. J. cru'rum medulla'rium, optic thal- 
ami. J. pe'nis, spring forceps to compress the urethra 
in incontinence of urine. 
Jugal, ju'g'l. Zygomatic. J. bone, malar bone. J. 
pro'cess, zygoma. J. re'gion, region of the cheek- 
bone. 
Jugale (ju-gal'e) os. Malar bone. 
Jugalis, ju-gal'is. Zygomatic. J. sutu'ra, suture 
uniting the os malae or os jugale with the superior 
maxillary bone; sagittal suture. 
Juglans, jug'lans (quasi Jovis glans). J. cinerea, J. 
regia. J., black, Juglans nigra. J. cathart'ica or 
cine'rea, Butternut, Oil nut, White walnut, ord. Jug- 
landacese. Inner bark of the root of this tree, Jug- 
lans (Ph. U. S.), abundant in the United States, is used 
in medicine, in the form of extract, as an efficacious 
and mild laxative, in doses of five to twenty grains, in 
cases of constipation. J. fraxinifo'lia, species growing 
in W. Indies and Southern United States; bark is 
diaphoretic, parts of fruit are laxative, emetic, and 
anthelmintic. J. ni'gra, Black juglans, Black walnut; 
indigenous. Rind of the unripe fruit is said to re- 
move ringworm and tetter. Decoction is anthelmin- 
tic. J. re'gia, Juglans, Walnut, French nut, Bannut 
tree, Welsh nut; unripe fruit was formerly esteemed 
anthelmintic and vermifuge; used also in gout and 
chronic cutaneous affections. Leaves are astringent, 
aromatic, and antistrumous. The oil of the seeds is 
laxative and anthelmintic, especially for tapeworm. 
The green rind of the walnut has been celebrated as 
an antisyphilitic and used as a diet drink. The kernel 
is an agreeable article of dessert, but, like all nuts, is 
difficult of digestion. 
Jug'lone. CioHeOs. Principle from Juglans regia; 
sternutatory. 
Ju'go-max'illary. Relating to the jugular vein and 
maxillary bone, as the masseter muscle. 
Ju'gular (jugulum, yoke, throat). Relating to the 
throat or neck. J. fos'sa, cavity in the petro-occip- 
ital suture, formed by the petrous portion of the tem- 
poral bone and by the occipital bone, and lodging the 
origin of the internal jugular vein, sometimes called 
the thimble-like cavity. J. veins, these are situate at 
the lateral and anterior parts of the neck, two on each 
side-one external, the other internal. 1. External 
jugular vein is of less size than the internal, descends 
599 
JUNCUS ODORATUS 
almost vertically along the anterior and lateral part 
of the neck, from the cervix of the lower jaw to the 
subclavian vein, into which it opens a little above 
the internal jugular. It is formed by the internal 
maxillary, superficial temporal, and posterior auricu- 
lar veins. This vein is commonly opened in bleed- 
ing in the neck. 2. Internal jugular vein, vena apo- 
plectica, larger and more deeply seated than the pre- 
ceding, descends vertically along the anterior and 
lateral part of the neck, from the posterior part of 
the foramen lacerum posterius as far as the subclavian 
vein. It commences at the sinus of the jugular vein, 
and receives the blood returning by the sinus of the 
dura mater and that of the facial, lingual, phar- 
yngeal, superior thyroid, occipital, and diploic veins. 
Jugularis, ju-gu-lar'is. Jugular. 
Jugulate, ju'gu-late (jugulo, to strangle). To cut 
the throat; hence, to check abruptly or suddenly, as 
by remedies directed to a disease. 
Jugulation, ju-gu-la'shun (jugulo, to strangle). Sud- 
den cutting short of a disease by remedial agents. 
Jugulo-cephalic, ju'gu-lo-sef-al'ik (jugulum, throat, 
cephale, head). Relating to the throat and head; term 
applied to veins thus distributed. 
Jugulum, ju'gu-lum (dim. of Jugum, a yoke). Clav- 
icle, throat; see Suprasternal. J. u'teri, neck of the 
uterus. 
Jugum, ju'gum. Yoke. See Juga. J. pe'nis, for- 
ceps or compressor of that organ, worn in incontinence 
of urine. J. petro'sum, eminentia arcuata. 
Juice. Jus. J., aliment'ary, gastric and intestinal 
juice, acting upon the food passing through the stom- 
ach and intestines. J. of broom, succus scoparii. J. 
canals', canals or spaces in connective tissue, origin 
of lymphatic vessels. J., can'cer, cancer-juice. J. 
of coni'um, succus conii. J. of dan'delion, succus 
taraxaci. J., diges'tive, J., alimentary. J., enter'ic, 
succus intestinalis. J., expressed, fluid secreted by 
gastric glands during digestion; see Succus. J. of 
hem'lock, succus conii. J., intes'tinal, succus intes- 
tinalis. J., Ital'ian, extract of Italian licorice. J., 
joint, synovia. J., mus'cle, see Muscle-juice. J., 
ner'vous, nervous fluid. J., nu'clear, J., nutrient. 
J., nu'trient, plasma of blood. J., pancreat'ic, se- 
cretion from the pancreas, acting particularly upon 
starchy food. J., Span'ish, extract of Spanish licorice. 
Jujuba, ju-ju'bah. Jujube. 
Ju'jube. Fruit of Rhamnus zizyphus or Zizyphus 
vulgaris, ord. Rhamneae, native of the south of Europe, 
formerly ranked among the pectoral fruits; has an 
agreeable sweet taste. Fruits of two other species, 
Zizyphus jujuba, Rhamnus jujuba, Mansana arborea, 
native of the E. Indies, and Z. lotus, Rhamnus lotus, 
Zizyphus nitida or sativa or sylvestris of Africa, 
possess properties similar to those of Z. vulgaris. J. 
paste, paste of jujubes. 
Julapium, ju-lap'e-um. Julep. J. cam'phorse or 
camphora'tum, mistura camphorse. 
Julep (ju'lep) or Ju'leb. Sweet drink ; demulcent, 
acidulous, or mucilaginous mixture. J., cam'phor, 
mistura camphorae. J., chalk, mistura Crete. J., 
mint, see Mint julep. 
Juliana caryophyllata, ju-le-an'ah kar-e-o-fil-lat'- 
ah. Grows in Mexico; antispasmodic. 
Ju'lus. First down upon the chin. 
Jumble (jum-b'l) beads. See Abrus precatorius. 
Jumentous, ju-men'tus (jumentum, beast of bur- 
den). Like a horse or other beast of burden; applied 
to the odor of urine. 
Jump'ers. See Convulsionnaires. 
Junctional, junk'shun-al. Connective. 
Junctura, junk-tu'rah (jungo, to join). Articula- 
tion ; commissure of brain. J. serrat'ilis, articula- 
tion by suture. 
Juncture, junk'shur. Junctura. Critical time. 
Juncus odoratus, jun'kus o-do-rat'us (jungo, to 
join, rushes being used for bands). Camel's hay, 
sweet rush, ord. Gramineae. Dried plant, generally 
procured from Turkey and Arabia; has an agreeable 
smell and warm, bitterish taste; was formerly used 
as a stomachic and deobstruent. JUNGLE FEVER 
Jungle fever, jun'g'I fe'ver. Hill fever. Variety 
of remittent occurring in the jungle districts of 
India. 
Juniper, ju'nip-ur. Name of different varieties of 
Juniperus. J. ber'ries or fruit, fruit of Juniperus 
communis. J. tree, Juniperus communis. 
Junip'eri cacu'mina. Tops of juniper. 
Juniperin, ju-nip'er-in. Resinous material obtained 
from juniper berries. 
Juniperum vinum, ju-nip'er-um ve'num. Wine 
impregnated with juniper berries. 
Juniperus communis, ju-nip'er-us kom-mu'nis. 
Juniper tree, family Conifer;©. Berries of the fruit, 
Juniperus (Ph. U. S.), etnagh berries, are ordered in 
the pharmacopoeias. Their odor is strong, but not un- 
pleasant ; taste warm, pungent; properties dependent 
on essential oil, which they yield to both water and 
alcohol. Dose, 9j to £ss, rubbed with sugar. In 
Holland juniper berries are used for flavoring gin. 
Oleum juniperi (Ph. U. S. and Br.) possesses the vir- 
tues of the plant. J. ly'cia, supposed to afford the 
true frankincense, olibanum; by some, however, sup- 
posed to be the product of an amyris, and by others 
of Boswellia floribunda or papyrifera. Olibanum has 
a peculiar and aromatic odor, taste bitterish and 
slightly pungent, partly soluble in alcohol, and form- 
ing a milky emulsion when triturated with water; 
formerly used in dysentery and hsemoptysis, but 
is now employed only as a perfume in the sick-room. 
J. oxyced'rus, brown-berried juniper; cade-oil plant, 
prickly cedar ; grows in south of Europe, Siberia, etc. 
By combustion of the wood, liquid tar, oleum cadi- 
num, oleum juniperi empyreumaticum, oleum junip- 
eri pyrolignici, oil of cade, is obtained; employed ex- 
ternally in chronic cutaneous and other diseases; the 
fruit is used in amenorrhoea, hysteria, and leucor- 
rhoea. J. sabi'na, common or barren savin; cover- 
shame. Odor of savin tops, Sabina (Ph. U. S. and Br.), is 
strong and disagreeable ; taste, hot, acrid, and bitter, 
depending on essential oil. They are stimulant, em- 
menagogue, anthelminthic, and abortive; externally 
irritant. Dose, internally, gr. v to x of the powder. 
As a local irritant they are applied in powder or 
formed into cerate. The essential oil, Oleum sab in re 
(Ph. U. S. and Br.), oil of savin, has the virtues of 
savine. Dose, two to five drops. Ointment of savin 
is used as a stimulant application to blisters. J. 
Suec'ica, J. communis. J. Virginia'na, red cedar, 
known throughout the United States as savine; is 
often used for the same purposes. 
Junk (j uncus, bulrush). Pad or sling for a frac- 
tured limb. 
Junk'et. Curds and whey. 
Juno Lucina, ju'no lu-se'nah (goddess of child- 
birth). Ilithyia. 
Juno's tears. Verbena officinalis. 
Junod's (zhu'no's) boot. Instrument which adapts 
itself to the leg and foot, and is furnished with suction- 
pump for exhausting the air ; intended to draw blood 
away from the body. 
Jupiter, ju'pit-ur. Tin. Scalp. 
600 
> JUXTAPOSITION 
Jupiter's (ju'pit-ur's) beard. Sempervivum tec- 
torum. 
Juribali. Tree in the forests of Pomeroon, ord. 
Monogynia; bark in powder or infusion is febrifuge. 
Jurinsea (ju-rin-e'ah) or Jurinea cyanoides (ju- 
rin-e'ah se-an-o-e'des) or pollich'ii or tomento'sa. 
Plant of Siberia and Caucasus, leaves of which are 
used in scarlatina. 
Juripeba, ju-re-pa'bah. Solanum paniculatum. 
Jurisprudence, medical, ju-ris-pru'dence med'ik'l 
(jus, law, prudentia, knowledge). Word often used 
synonymously with Legal medicine; at times employed 
for embodied laws and regulations relating to teach- 
ing and practice of medicinq. 
Jurubeba, ju-ru-ba'bah. Solanum paniculatum. 
Alkaloid resembling solanine, called jurebebine, is 
derived from it. 
Ju'ry of ma'trons. Jury of women empanelled 
under a writ de ventre inspiciendo, to try the question 
whether a woman is with child or not. 
Jury-mast, ju're-mast. Fixed apparatus employed 
in treatment of Pott's disease. 
Jus. Soup; broth; bouillon. See Broth. J. bo- 
vi'num, beef tea. J. coagula'tum, jelly. J. gas'- 
tricum, gastric juice. J. jela'tum, jelly. 
Juscuium, jus'ku-lum (dim. of Jus). Broth; see 
Jus. J. ni'grum Lacedaamonio'rum, Black broth of 
the Lacedaemonians. Celebrated mess in antiquity, 
supposed to be made of hog's blood, resembling per- 
haps modern black pudding. 
Jusquiamus, jus-kwe'am-us. Hyoscyamus. 
Jussisea, jus-se-e'ah. Several varieties are used as 
astringents, especially J. repens in N. America in 
diarrhoea, and J. Swartziana in the W. Indies. 
Justicia adhatoda, jus-tish'e-ah ad-hat-o'dah (after 
Justice, Scotch botanist). Adhatoda. J. bival'vis, 
a small shrub of India used locally in gout. J. 
ecbol'ium, Malabar plant, the root of which, and 
the leaves, are considered lithontriptic. J. genda- 
rus'sa, root is used in China and India in rheuma- 
tism and febrile affections, also in dysentery and 
dyspepsia; the leaves as emetic. J. pectoral'is, 
West India plant, slightly astringent, aromatic, bal- 
samic. 
Jus'to-ma'jor. Unusually large. Justo-mi'nor, 
unusually small. Terms applied to pelves so consti- 
tuted. 
Jute, joot. Fibre of different varieties of Corchorus 
used externally in many surgical cases in which lint 
and sponges are generally employed. It is often used 
carbolized. 
Juvans, ju'vans (juvo, to aid). A medicine or sub- 
stance relieving a disorder; adjuvant. 
Juvenis, ju'ven-is. A youth. One at period of 
adolescence. 
Juventa (ju-ven'tah) or Juventas (ju-ven'tas) or 
Juventus, ju-ven'tus. Adolescence; puberty. 
Juxtaposition, juk-ta-po-zish'un (juxta, near to, 
pono, to place). Situation near by; the successive 
application of new molecules upon those forming the 
primitive nucleus. Opposed to intussusception. K 
601 
KASSADER 
K. 
Most of the terms under K, derived from the Greek, 
are found under the letter C. 
K. Letter formerly used to designate compound of 
gold; symbol of kalium, potassium. Abbr. for kath- 
ode or kathodic (also Ka). 
Kaawy. Indian drink prepared from maize. 
Kab'ala. Cabal. 
Kadsu'ra Chinen'sis. Magnoliaceous shrub of 
China ; tonic and stomachic. 
Ksempferia galanga, kemp-fer'e-ah gal-an'gah 
(after Ksempfer, German naturalist). See Mar anta 
galanga. K. rotun'da, zedoary, ord. Zingiberaceae. 
Roots of this Ceylonese plant are stimulant and car- 
minative. According to some, the round zedoary is 
furnished by Curcuma zerumbet; the long, Zedoaria 
longa, by Curcuma zedoaria. 
Kageneckia oblonga, kag-en-ek'e-ah ob-lon'gab. 
Lyday wood of Chile ; antiperiodic. 
Kahincse radix, ka-hin'sa rad'iks. Caincae radix. 
Kairine, ki'reen. CioHi3NO,HCl,H2o. Hydro- 
chlorate of artificial alkaloid prepared from chinoline; 
crystalline powder, of saline, bitter, nauseous taste, 
freely soluble in water, less soluble in alcohol, in- 
soluble in ether. A very powerful antipyretic, pro- 
ducing diaphoresis and emesis, sometimes followed by 
collapse. Dose, gr. ij-x. 
Kairolina (ki-ro-le'nah) or Kairoline. Antipyretic 
resembling kairine, but less efficient. 
Kajeput, kah'je-put. Cajeput. 
Kakaoste'arin. Cacaostearin. 
Kakatrophy (kak-at'ro-fe) or Kakot'rophy. Ill- 
nutrition ; aneemia. 
Kakerlakism, kak'er-lak-iz'm (D. Kakkerlak, cock- 
roach, which comes out only in the dark). Albinism. 
See Albino. 
Kak'ke. Japanese disease similar to beri-beri. 
Kakochymi'a. Cacochymia. 
Kakodyl, kak'o-dil. CtHeAs. Compound radical 
obtained by distillation of arsenious acid with potas- 
sium acetate; colorless, viscous liquid of nauseous 
odor, with strong affinity for oxygen, taking fire 
spontaneously in contact with air; insoluble in water, 
soluble in water and ether; poisonous. 
Kakosmia, kak-oz'me-ah (kakos, foul, osme, smell). 
Repugnant smell. K., subjective, disturbance of the 
olfactory nerve or centre, either from hysteria or 
from disease, giving rise to the perception of an offen- 
sive smell. 
Kala azar. Black death of E. Indies ; beri-beri. 
Kalanchoe glandulosa, kal-an'ko-e glan-du-lo'sah. 
Fruit of this Abysinnian tree is used as a parturifa- 
cient. K. lacinia'ta, juice is used in E. Indies as an 
antipyretic. K. pinna'ta, leaves are employed as a 
poultice in the E. Indies. 
Ka'li. Potash; potassium. K. ace'tas, potassii ace- 
tas. K. aera'tum, potassii carbonas. K. bichro'micum, 
potassii bichromas. K. caus'ticum, potassa fusa. K. 
caus'ticum cum cal'ce, potassa cum calce. K. chlo'- 
rlcum, potassie murias hyperoxygenatus. K. chro'- 
micum ac'idum, potassii bichromas. K. chro'micum 
fla'vum, potassii bichromas. K. chro'micum neu- 
tra'le, potassii bichromas. K. chro'micum ru'brum, 
potassii bichromas. K. hydriodin'icum, see Potassie 
hydriodas. K. hypermangan'icum, potassii perm an - 
ganas. K. iner'mis, see Salsola kali. K. ni'tricum, 
potassii nitras. K. oxal'icum acid'ulum, potassium 
oxalate. K. praepara'tum, potassii subcarbonas. 
K. praepara'tum e tar'taro, see Potash. K. pu'rum, 
potassa fusa. K. so'da, see Salsola kali. K. spino'- 
sum cochlea'tum, salsola kali. K. subcarbo'nas, 
potassii subcarbonas. K. sul'phas, potassii sulphas. 
K. sulphure'tum, potassii sulphuretum. K. sulphu'- 
ricum, potassii sulphas. K. tartariza'tum, potassii 
tartras. K. e tar'taro, see Potash. K. vitriola'tum, 
potassii sulphas. 
Kalicum hydras, kal'ik-um hid'ras. Potassa fusa. 
Kaligenous, ka-lij'en-us (kali, gennao, to beget). 
Producing potash. 
Kalimeter, kal-im'et-ur. Alkalimeter. 
Kaline, ka'line. Alkaline. 
Ka'lium. Potassium. K. ioda'tum, potassii hydri- 
odas. K. ioda'tum hydrargyra'tum, potassii hydrar- 
gyro-iodidum. 
Kalmia angustifolia, kal'me-ah an-gus-te-fo'le-ah 
(after Kalm, the Swedish botanist). Ivy, Narrow-leaved 
kalmia or laurel, Dwarf laurel, Sheeplaurel, Lambkill, 
Sheep poison, ord. Ericaceae; same virtues as K. lati- 
folia. So also have K. cuneata and K. hirsuta. K., 
broad'-leaved, K. latifolia. K. glau'ca, Swamp laurel, 
Pole laurel; virtues similar to those of K. latifolia. 
K. latifo'lia, Broad-leaved kalmia, Calico bush, Laurel, 
Mountain or rose or broad-leaved laurel, Big ivy, Spoon- 
wood, Calf kill, Lambkill, Sheep poison. This plant kills 
sheep and other animals. The Indians use it as a 
poison. The powdered leaves have been applied in 
tinea capitis, and a decoction for the itch ; the powder, 
mixed with lard, in herpes. K., nar'row-leaved, K. 
angustifolia. 
Kalo. Arum esculentum. 
Kamala, kam-al'ah. Glands and hairs from capsules 
of Mallotus Philippiensis (Rottlera tinctoria); Rottlera 
tinctoria. 
Ka'mas root. Camassia esculenta. 
Kamee'la. See Bottlera tinctoria. 
Kamphur, kam'fur. Camphor. 
Kan'dahar sore. Delhi boil. 
Kan'dol. Kanadol, candahol. A volatile constituent 
of coal tar, proposed as a local anaesthetic. Possibly 
identical with rhigolene. 
Kankroid, kan'kroid. Cancroid. 
Kaolin, ka'ol-in. Pure silicate of alumina, earth 
obtained from decomposition of felspar, sometimes 
used as an absorbent, for coating pills, etc. 
Kaphur, ka'fur. Camphor. 
Kaposi's (kap-o'si's) disease. Atrophoderma pig- 
mentosum, parchment skin. 
Karabitus. Phrenitis. 
Kar'apat. Castor oil. 
Karena, kar-a'nah. Carena. 
Karkinoma, kar-kin-o'mah. Carcinoma. 
Karson-khayi. Swietenia Senegalensis. 
Karwah thistle (kar'wah this't'l) oil. See Arge- 
mone Mexicana. 
Karyochylema, kar-e-o-kil-a'mah. Achromatin, 
caryoplasm. 
Karyokinesis, kar-e-o-kin-a'sis (karuon, nut, kinesis, 
motion). The process of indirect cell or nucleus 
division. First, from the chromatin is formed the 
wreath, rosette, or spirem, followed by the aster (star- 
shaped) ; then pithos (barrel-form), followed by the 
diaster (double star); subsequently the protoplasm 
separates into two parts, in each of which the chro- 
matin arranges itself into a coil, the whole called 
dispirem. Two daughter nuclei are thus derived from 
one mother nucleus. 
Karyol'ysis (karuon, nut, luo, to loose). Segmenta- 
tion of the nucleus. 
Karyomito'ma or Karyomitosis, kar-e-o-mit-o'sis 
(karuon, nut, mitos, thread). Flemming's term for 
indirect division of the nucleus. 
Karyom'iton. Chromatin. 
Karyoplasm, kar'e-o-plasm. Protoplasm of nu- 
cleus. 
Karyosoma (kar-e-o-so'mah), Kar'ysome (karuon, 
nut, soma, body). Irregular nucleolar body devel- 
oped from remains of a germinal vesicle. 
Karyostenosis, kar-e-o-sten-o'sis. Direct division 
of cell-nucleus. 
Kassader (kas-sah'der) or Kassauder, kas-saw'der. 
Convolvulus panduratus. KATA- 
Kata-. For words beginning thus, and not found 
here, see Cata-. 
Katabolism, kat-ab'ol-ism. The change in cells 
whereby their molecule is rendered less complex and 
contains less force; retrograde metamorphosis. 
Katadicrotism, kat-a-dik'ro-tizm (kata, dikrotos, 
double beat). Term denoting a divided or double pul- 
sation in the downward stroke of the sphygmograph. 
Katalepsy, kat'a-lep-se. Catalepsy. 
Katal'ysis. Catalysis. 
Kataphasia, kat-af-az'e-ah. Morbid repetition of 
a word or part of a word. 
Kat'aplasm. Cataplasm. 
Katasarca, kat-ah-sar'kah (kata, sarx, flesh). Ana- 
sarca. 
Katastaltica, kat-as-tal'te-kah (kata, stello, to re- 
press). Astringents. 
Katatonla, kat-at-on'e-ah (kata, tonos, tension). 
Mental derangement progressing from melancholia 
and mania to imbecility and tonic spasms. 
Katelectrotonus, kat-el-ek-trot'on-us. Catelectrot- 
onus. 
Katharsis. Catharsis. 
Kath'ode (kata, hodos, way). The negative pole of 
a galvanic battery. 
Kathodic, kath-od'ik. Pertaining to negative pole. 
K. clo'sure contraction, muscular contraction oc- 
curring upon closure of the circuit when the kathode 
is placed over the motor point. K. o'pening con- 
traction, the same when the circuit is opened. 
Kathod'ic. Relating to kathode or negative pole 
of a battery. K. clo'sure contraction, see Cathodic. 
K. opening contraction, see Cathodic. 
Ration. See Cathion. 
Kava, kav'ah. Ava ; Piper methysticum. 
Kaviac, kav'e-ak. Caviare. 
Keep'er. Armature of a magnet. 
Ke'fir or Ke'phir. Fermented milk produced by 
kefir seed. 
Keh'rer's operation. Transverse incision in Caesa- 
rean operation through anterior convex surface of 
uterus at level of os uteri internum. 
Keita. Monsonia ovata. 
Kekui, Kekuna, or Kekune oil. See Aleurites triloba. 
Kelectome, ke'lek-tome (kele, tumor, ektome, ex- 
cision). Instrument like a cutting punch, introduced 
through a trocar into a tumor to extract its solid con- 
tents. 
Ke'lis (properly Chelis) (chele, claw of crab). Can- 
croid; keloid. 
Keloid, ke'loid (properly Cheloid) (chele, claw of 
crab, eidos, resemblance). A rare variety of round or 
oval recurrent fibrous growth, usually on the chest, 
neck, or arms, the fibres growing in trabeculae. Can- 
croid. K. of Ad'dison, morphcea. K. of Alibert, 
keloid. 
Kelolcgy, ke-lol'o-je (kele, hernia, logos, discourse). 
Description of hernia. 
Kelotomia, ke-lo-tom'e-ah. Celotomy; herniotomy. 
Kelotomy, ke-lot'o-me. Celotomy. 
Kelp. Impure mineral alkali obtained by burning 
certain marine plants. See Soda. Large dark seaweed. 
Kerne. Cucurbita citrullus. 
Ken'give. Cucurbita citrullus. 
Kennelwort, ken"l-wurt. Scrophularia nodosa. 
Kenopho'bia (kenos, empty, phobos, fear). Dread 
of open spaces. 
Keno'sis. Evacuation: inanition. 
Kenospudia, ken-o-spu de-ah. Somnambulism. 
Kent'ish's oint'ment. Linimentum terebinthime. 
Kentrokinesis, ken-tro-kin-a'sis (kentron, spur, kine- 
sis, motion). Excito-motor action. 
Kephal'lc. Cephalic. 
Keph'alins. Radicals in brain-tissue, forming an 
amorphous mass. 
Kephalom'eter. Cephalometer. 
Kephalon, kef'al-on. Cephalon ; large skull. 
Kephalothryptor, kef - al - o - thrip' tor. Cephalo- 
thryptor. 
Kera-. For words beginning thus, and not found 
here, see Cera-. 
602 
KERATOMYCOSIS 
Keracele, ker'a-seel (keras, horn, kele, tumor). Hard 
tumor on the hoof of a horse. 
Keraphyllocele, ker-a-fil-lo-se'le (Eng. kcr-a-fil'lo- 
seel) (keras, horn, phullon, leaf, kele, tumor). Hard 
tumor connected with hoof of horse. 
Ker'asin. Substance found in cerebral tissue. 
Keratectasia, ker-at-ek-taz'e-ah (keras, horn, ektasis, 
dilatation). Prominence or protrusion of the cornea. 
Keratectomy, ker-at-ek'to-me (keras, horn, ektome, 
excision). Excision of the cornea; extraction of cata- 
ract ; incision into anterior chamber of the eye. Cerat- 
otomy. 
Keratiasis, ker-at-e'as-is. Ceratiasis. 
Keratin, ker'at-in. Ceratin. 
Keratiniza'tion. Hardening, as of the nails. 
Keratitis, ker-at-e'tis. Ceratitis. K., dot'ted, aquo- 
membranitis. K., interstit'ial, inflammation of in- 
terstitial lamellae of cornea. K. puncta'ta, aquo- 
membranitis. 
Kerato, ker'a-to. See Cerato. 
Keratocele, ker-at-o-se'le (Eng. ker'at-o-seel). Cer- 
atocele. 
Keratochromatosis, ker-at-o-kro-mat-o'sis (Jceras, 
chroma, color). Discoloration of the cornea. 
Keratoconjunctivitis, ker-at-o-kon-junk-tiv-e'tis. 
Inflammation of cornea and conjunctiva. 
Keratoconom'eter (keras, konos, cone, metron, meas- 
ure). Instrument for determining amount of astig- 
matism by reflective power of the cornea. 
Keratoconus, ker-at-o-ko'nus. Staphyloma of 
cornea; ceratoglobus. 
Keratocricoid, ker-at-o-kri'koid. Ceratocricoid; 
cricothyroid. 
Keratodeitis, ker-at-o-de-e'tis. Keratitis. 
Keratodeocele, ker-at-o-de-o-se'le (Eng. ker-at-o'de- 
o-seel). Ceratocele. 
Keratodeonyxis, ker-at-o-de-o-niks'is. Ceratonyxis. 
Keratoderma, ker-at-o-dur'mah (keras, horn, derma, 
skin). Cornea. 
Keratodermatitis, ker-at-o dur-mat-e'tis. Ceratitis. 
Keratodermatocele, ker-at-o-dur-mat-o-se'le (Eng. 
ker-at-o-dur-mat'o-seel) (keras, horn, derma, skin, kele, 
tumor). Ceratocele. 
Keratodermatomalacia, ker - at-o - dur - mat-o-mal- 
ah'she-ah (keras, derma, skin, malakia, softening). Ab- 
normal softness of the skin of the cornea. 
Keratodes, ker-at-o'dees. Ceratodes; horny. 
Keratogenous, ker-at-oj'en-us (keras, gennao, to en- 
gender). Causing or producing horny tissue or 
growth, as K. membrane of the skin. 
Keratoglobus, ker-at-o-glo'bus. Hydrophthalmia; 
buphthalmia. 
Keratoglossus, ker-at-o-glos'sus. Ceratoglossus. 
Keratohyoideus, ker-at-o-he-o-e'de-us. Muscle of 
inferior mammalia, bringing near to one another the 
cornua of the hyoid bone. 
Keratoid, ker'at-oid. Ceratoid. 
Kerato-iritis, ker-at-o-ir-e'tis. Inflammation of the 
iris and cornea. See Aquomembranitis. 
Keratoleucoma, ker-at-o-lu-ko'mah. Albugo; leu- 
coma. 
Keratolysis, ker-at-ol'is-is (keras, lusis, loosening). 
Loosening of the cuticle. The class Keratoses of skin 
diseases includes pityriasis and exfoliative dermatitis. 
Keratoma, ker-at-o'mah (keras, horn, oma, growth). 
Excessive increase of horny tissue: callosity. 
Keratomalacia, ker-at-o-mal-as'e-ah. Keratoder- 
matomalacia. 
Keratome, ker'at-ome. Ceratotomus; cataract 
knife ; knife for incision of the cornea in iridectomy. 
Keratomeningitis, ker-at-o-men-in-je'tis. Ceratitis. 
Keratomeninx, ker-at-o-men'inks (keras, horn, 
meninx, membrane). Cornea. 
Keratometer, ker-at-om'et-ur (keras, horn, metron, 
measure). Instrument to measure astigmatism of 
the cornea. 
Keratomus, ker-at'om-us. Ceratotomus. 
Keratomycosis, ker-at-o-me-ko'sis (keras, mukes, 
fungus). Chronic keratitis with fungoid growth on 
the cornea, probably due to a microbe. Mycotic 
Keratitis. KERATONOSIS 
Keratonosis, ker-at-on-o'sis. Ceratosis. 
Keratonosus, ker-aLon'os-us (keras, horn, nosos, 
disease). Disease of horny layer of skin, hair, nails, 
and secretory apparatus of the skin. 
Keratonyxis, ker-at-o-niks'is. Ceratonyxis. 
Keratopharyngeus, ker-at-o-far-in-ge'us. Cerato- 
pharyngeus. 
Keratoplasia, ker-at-o-plaz'e-ah (keras, plasis, forma- 
tion). Formation of horny layer of epidermis. 
Keratoplasty, ker'at-o-plas-te (fceras, plasso, to 
form). Plastic operation on the cornea; trephining 
of the cornea. 
Keratorrhexis, ker-at-or-rheks'is (keras, rhexis, rup- 
ture). Rupture of the cornea. 
Keratoscleritis, ker-at-o-skler-e'tis. Inflammation 
of cornea and sclerotic coat. 
Keratoscope, ker'at-o-skope (keras, skopeo, to ob- 
serve). Instrument for examining and testing me- 
ridians of curvature of the cornea by observing the 
images formed by reflection from its anterior surface. 
The process is called Keratos' copy. 
Keratose, ker'at-oze. Horny. 
Keratoses, ker-at-o'sees (pl. of Keratosis). Skin af- 
fections with hypertrophy of epidermis and horny or 
warty growths. 
Keratosis, ker-at-o'sis. Change to horny tissue; 
excessive growth or disease of horny tissue. See 
Keratoses. K. circumscrip'ta, circumscribed growth. 
K. diffu'sa, ichthyosis. K. follicula'ris, pila'ris, or 
spinulo'sus, papules resulting from distension of hair- 
follicles ; ichthyosis follicularis. K. ob'turans, mass 
of horny scales acting as a plug to the external 
auditory canal. K. pigmento'sa, verruca senilis. 
Keratostaphylinus, ker-at-o-staf-il-e'nus. Cerato- 
staphylinus. 
Ker'atotome. Ceratotomus; cataract knife; knife 
for incision of the cornea in iridectomy. 
Keratot'omy, ker-at-ot'o-me (keras, horn, tome, in- 
cision). Incision of the cornea, used especially in cata- 
ract operation. 
Kerectasia, ker-ek-taz'e-ah (keras, ektasis, disten- 
sion). Distension or bulging of the cornea, probably 
as a sequel of keratitis. 
Kerectomy, ker-ek'to-me. Keratectomy. 
Kerion (ke're-on) or Ke'rium (honeycomb). Sup- 
purative inflammation of the hair-follicles of the 
scalp, destroying the hair-pulp and causing the fall- 
ing off of the hair. A form of parasitic sycosis. See 
Favosus. 
Kerk'ring, valve of. Valvulse conniventes. 
Kermes, kur'meez. One species of the genus kermes 
lives on a green oak, Quercus cocifera, growing abun- 
dantly in Southern France, Spain, and islands of the 
Grecian Archipelago, and is called coccus ilicis, kermes 
animal, cocci granum, coccum, C. baphicum or infecto- 
rium or tinctorium or scarlatinum, etc. The kermes 
inhabiting it has the appearance of a small, spherical, 
inanimate shell; its color is reddish brown, and it is 
covered with ash-colored dust. This is the kermes 
of the shops, now only used in dyeing, but formerly 
as an aphrodisiac, analeptic, and antiabortive. K., 
min'eral, antimonii sulphuretum prsecipitatum and a. 
sulphuretum rubrum. 
Kernel, kur'n'l. Tubercle; enlarged lymphatic 
gland. 
Ker'nels, wax or wax'ing. Enlarged lymphatic 
vessels. K., yolk, nucleus of yolk. 
Kerosolene (ker'o-so-leen) or Ker'osene oil. Liquid 
product of the destructive distillation of coal, of very 
low specific gravity, not easily managed as a general 
anaesthetic, but employed locally in spray. 
Kervah, kur'vah. Ricinus communis. 
Ketch'up. Catchup, catsup. Pickle prepared from 
the liquor of the mushroom, walnut, tomato, etc. 
Ketmia Aigyptiaca, ket'me-ah e-jip-te'ak-ah. Hibis- 
cus abelmoschus. 
Ke'tones. Organic compounds, a class of generally 
volatile liquids, products of first stage of oxidation 
of secondary alcohols, and corresponding to aldehydes, 
similar derivatives of the primary alcohols. 
Key. Instrument for extracting teeth, having a 
603 
KIDNEY 
claw at right angles to its handle; tooth-key. Appa- 
ratus for making and breaking electrical circuit. 
Keyri cheiri. Cheiranthus cheiri. 
Khaya Senegalensis, ka'yah sen-e-gal-en'sis. Swie- 
tenia Senegalensis. 
Khee'sah. Flesh-glove of India, made of goat's 
hair, to preserve the cleanliness of the skin. 
Khus-khus. Andropogon muriaticus. 
Kiaster, ke-as'ter (properly Chiaster) (chiazo, to 
cross). Species of bandage, having the form of the 
Greek letter x, which the ancients used for approx- 
imating and maintaining in contact fragments of the 
fractured patella. It was applied in the form of the 
figure 8. 
Kibisitome, kib-is'it-ome (kibisis, pouch or bladder, 
tome, incision). Cystotome. 
Kickia arboria, kik'e-ah ar-bor'e-ah. Milky juice 
of stem of this Javanese plant is purgative and an- 
thelmintic. 
Kidin'ga or Kidin'go pe'po (literally a crampy pain 
caused by evil spirits). Exanthematous affection, 
similar to dengue, occurring in Zanzibar; scarlatin- 
oid rash with rheumatic pains and fever, swelling 
of glands, etc. 
Kidney, kid'ne. The kidneys or reins, the secretory 
organs of the urine, are two glands situate deeply, 
the one on the right, the other on the left side, in the 
hypochondres, at the sides of the lumbar vertebrae, 
behind the peritoneum, and in the midst of an 
abundant fatty areolar tissue, tunica or capsida 
adiposa. The kidney is reddish-brown, oval in form, 
and flattened on two surfaces; has, at its internal 
margin, a deep fissure, by which the renal vessels 
and nerves enter or quit the organ, and the ureter 
issues. It resembles pretty accurately the haricot or 
kidney bean. Two substances are readily distinguish- 
able in it: the outer, secerning, cortical, glandular, or 
vascular, which secretes the urine; and the inner, 
tubular, medullary, uriniferous, conoidal, or radiated, 
appearing under the form of small cones or unequal 
papillae or mammillae, each resulting from the union 
of small capillary tubes, adherent by one of their 
extremities to the cortical substance, and opening by 
the other at the summit of the cone into calices, mem- 
branous tubes, more or less numerous, transmitting the 
urine of the papillae to the pelvis of the kidney. Be- 
tween the tubules and renal vessels is the intertubular 
stroma, especially in the cortical substance, and to- 
ward the apices of the papillae in very young human 
beings or in other animals. By the pelvis is meant a 
small membranous sac of an irregularly oval shape, 
at the base of which are the orifices of the calices, 
and the other extremity of which is continuous with 
the ureter. The kidney is surrounded by a fibrous 
membrane proper to it, perinephrus, tunica propria 
or albuginea. The renal artery is distributed to the 
corpora Malpighiana, forming a pellet of convolu- 
tions, which is received into a flask-like dilatation of 
the ureter, Bowman's capsule, and through which, 
it is conceived, the watery portion of the urine is 
separated. The blood then becomes venous, and is 
distributed by different veins-portal veins of the 
kidney-to the convoluted tubes through which the 
proper urine is secreted; thence the blood passes 
into the renal vein. The intermediate vessels be- 
tween the Malpighian bodies and the convoluted 
tubes have been termed the portal system of the 
kidney. See Ferrein, pyramids of Corpora Malpighiana, 
etc. The following weights and measurements of the 
kidneys have been recently given (Vierordt), from 
various authorities: 
Weight, right kidney . . . 102 g. (E. Bischoff)-150 g. (Blos- 
feld). 
" left kidney . . . . 118 g. (E. Bischoff)-150 g. (Blos- 
feld). 
Length108-114 mm. (Luschka). 
Breadth 54-63, at upper part frequently 
72. 
Thickness 34-45. 
Tunica albuginea0.1-0.2 thick. 
Cortical substance9 (Toldt)-lO thick. 
Medullary substance ... 16. KIDNEY 
In the new-born cortex 1.8 mm., medulla8.31 thick. 
Child, 3 months old .... cortex 2.8, medulla 10.2 thick. 
Tortuous uriniferous tu- 
bules 0.05 diameter. 
Straight uriniferous tubules 0.045 " 
Glomeruli 0.2. 
Pyramidal processes . . .0.4 thick. 
Uriniferous pores of the 
papillae 0.7 deep. 
Pelvis of kidney 140-180 wide. 
Ureters 320-340 long (Luschka 270), 5-6 
wide. 
Orificium in the bladder 2 long, separated 14 from one 
another and 180 from internal orifice of the urethra. 
Kidney, am'yloid, see Kidney, lardaceous, and Kid- 
ney, Bright's disease of. K. bean, Phaseolus vul- 
garis. K., bran'ny, appearance like bran in fatty 
infiltration of chronic inflammation of the kidneys. 
K., Bright's dis'ease of the, Albuminuria, Cachectic or 
Associated nephritis, Renal cachexia, Inflammation of the 
Malpighian corpuscles, Disease of Bright, Granular degen- 
eration or Disorganisation of the kidney, Granular kidney 
of Bright, Cachectic nephritis. Bright's disease was for- 
merly defined as a granular disease of the cortical part 
of the kidney, characterized by the secretion of urine 
which contains albumen and is of less specific gravity 
than natural, and which destroys by inducing other 
diseases. It was first described by Dr. Richard Bright 
of London. By some it was made to include only 
one particular form of renal disease, in which the 
tubules are inflamed, tubal nephritis; by others it in- 
cluded parenchymatous nephritis, interstitial nephri- 
tis, and amyloid or lardaceous degeneration. Under 
the head of Bright's disease are comprised, according 
to recognized authority, all diseases of the kidney 
productive of albuminuria. Two forms have been 
described, the acute and chronic, different varieties 
of which have been referred to by writers on the 
subject. 
Acute Bright's disease, variously called Acute tubal, 
tubular, parenchymatous, catarrhal, or desquamative ne- 
phritis, Acute albuminuria, Acute renal dropsy, is an 
affection of the whole kidney, more or less, but espe- 
cially the epithelial or gland-cells lining the urinary 
tubuli. The cells become atrophied and disinte- 
grated, and by their desquamation block up the 
tubes; the renal circulation becomes obstructed, the 
kidneys are congested, serum and fibrin are effused, 
the former causing an albuminous condition of the 
urine, while the fibrin, having the broken-down cells 
entangled with it, passes off in the urine in epithelial 
tube-casts. When there is no such desquamative 
process, it is called non-desquamative disease of the 
kidney. The chief symptoms areafever, usually mod- 
604 
KIDNEY 
erate, dull pain in the loins, vomiting, dropsy, anaemia, 
and uraemic indications. The urine is scanty, with 
suppression, has a large amount of albumin, and de- 
posits a thick sediment exhibiting the results of dis- 
integration ; its specific gravity is high. 
Chronic Bright's disease, Chronic albuminuria, in- 
cludes several varieties: 1. Chronic catarrhal nephritis, 
Large white kidney. The symptoms are loss of flesh, 
adynamia, anaemia, disturbance of the digestive or- 
gans, dropsy, increased arterial tension, uraemic 
symptoms. The urine is generally diminished in 
amount, but markedly albuminous, with a decided 
sediment; there is often dropsy, serous inflamma- 
tion, valvular cardiac disease, albuminuric retinitis, 
etc. There are anaemia and fatty degeneration of 
the kidney, and the tubes are loaded with fatty 
epithelium and casts; the kidney contracts in size 
from the attendant destruction of epithelium. 2. 
G'ranuZar or Red granular kidney, also called Contracted 
granular, Gouty, or Cirrhotic kidney, Chronic desquama- 
tive or Interstitial nephritis, a disease characterized by 
albuminous urine, persistent desquamation of epithe- 
lium, atrophy of the kidney, granular epithelial casts, 
seen in the urine on microscopic examination, etc. 
It is more common in the male sex, and is usually 
due to syphilis, gouty diathesis, chronic alcoholism, 
etc. The kidneys are red, and often contain cysts 
or calcareous deposits, without thinning of the corti- 
cal substance. There may be fatty degeneration and 
desquamation of the epithelium, with fatty degenera- 
tion of arteries in various parts of the body. Palpita- 
tion, dyspnoea (cardiac or pulmonary), valvular disease, 
headache, dizziness, dimness of vision from albuminu- 
ric retinitis, may all be present. The urine is more 
plentiful, the specific gravity low, the amount of 
albumin scanty. 3. Fatty kidney or Fatty degenera- 
tion of the kidney, seen either in its enlarged form as 
the mottled kidney or with contraction of the organ, 
may occur as the result of acute desquamative ne- 
phritis. 4. Lardaceous, Amyloid, or Waxy kidney, 
which usually occurs in connection with constitu- 
tional affections, such as phthisis, scrofulous abscess, 
constitutional syphilis, etc., and is characterized by 
the form of infiltration known as the lardaceous or 
waxy. See Lardaceous. The kidney is large and 
pale, the urine is increased in quantity, but pale, and 
there is a good deal of albumin. 
The treatment adopted for these various conditions 
of Bright's disease cannot be summarized in the 
space of a single paragraph. (For tests for albumin 
in the urine, see Urine, examination of.) 
The following synoptical table presents a clear expo- 
sition of the whole subject (Prof. J. M. DaCosta, M. D.): 
Table exhibiting the Clinical Differences between the Principal Forms of Bright's Disease. 
Acute Cases, in which Dropsy occurs quickly and is extensive. 
Caused mostly by exposure or 
scarlet fever. 
Dropsy extensive, generally 
begins in the eyelids or in 
the feet; usually febrile 
symptoms ; uraemia may be 
met with. Disease most 
common in childhood and 
among young adults. 
Recoveries frequent, but dis- 
ease may terminate in the 
large white kidney. 
Kidneys enlarged, congested, 
or mottled, shedding epithe- 
lium ; cortical substance in- 
creased ; cones usually red- 
der than cortical substance. 
Dilated convoluted tubes, 
distended with swollen, 
cloudy epithelium ; at ends 
of tubules also blood or 
plugs of fibrin. Tubules 
darker and denser than nor- 
mal. 
Acute Bright's dis- 
ease ; ACUTE DESQUA- 
MATIVE OR TUBAL NE- 
PHRITIS ; ACUTE PA- 
RENCHYMATOUS NE- 
PHRITIS J ACUTE RE- 
NAL DROPSY. 
Urine usually scanty, deep- 
colored,of high specific grav- 
ity, containing much albu- 
men, often blood; also blood- 
casts ; easts, many of large 
size, covered with epithe- 
lium and a few hyaline 
casts; and free epithelial 
cells, cloudy and granular. 
Chronic Cases, in which Dropsy is variable in amount and may be absent. 
History often of antecedent 
acute inflammatory attack; 
dropsy a prominent symp- 
tom. Uraemic phenomena 
not uncommon; among them 
at times uraemic coma with 
its usual symptoms. Inflam- 
mations of serous mem- 
branes also not uncommon. 
Hypertrophy of heart, espe- 
cially of the left ventricle. 
Recovery possible but doubt- 
ful : may pass into fatty kid- 
ney. 
Urine in normal or in in- 
creased quantity; albumen 
generally in considerable 
amount; granular epithelial 
casts; some hyaline casts; 
at times compound granule 
cells and partially fatty epi- 
thelium ; casts with frag- 
ments of epithelium or a 
little fat; no blood-casts. 
Kidneys enlarged, capsules 
easily stripped off, cortical 
substance increased in vol- 
ume ; cones may be of nat- 
ural color; tubes often ir- 
regularly distended, and 
filled with granular epithe- 
lium here and there slightly 
fatty, and with detritus. 
Thickening of intertubular 
matrix. 
Chronic inflamma- 
tory form; chronic 
tubal nephritis; 
CHRONIC PARENCHY- 
MATOUS nephritis ; 
LARGE WHITE KID- 
NEY. KIESTEINE 
Persistent and obstinate drop- 
sy, coming on gradually; 
face pale and puffed; hyper- 
trophy of heart affecting 
often both sides. 
Always fatal. 
605 
Urine contains much albu- 
men, fatty casts, fatty epi- 
thelial cells, free oil. 
Spec. grav. variable, usually 
from 1015 to 1030. 
Quantity variable, generally 
moderate or diminished; 
urea diminished. 
KINESODIC 
Fatty Bright's kid- 
ney. 
Kidneys enlarged and very 
fatty; sometimes have a 
mottled look. 
The tubes, especially the con- 
voluted ones, full of highly- 
fatty epithelium and free 
oil. 
Follows usually exhausting 
and wasting diseases, syph- 
ilis, caries, and long-con- 
tinued suppuration. 
Rare in very early and in ad- 
vanced age. 
Dropsy trifling, except late in 
disease; great emaciation ; 
striking sallowness of face; 
liver and spleen enlarged; 
diarrhoea; much thirst; 
heart not affected ; nervous 
symptoms infrequent. 
Unfavorable prognosis. 
Urine increased, contains 
much albumen, but few 
casts, which are pale and 
transparent or highly re- 
fracting. The casts may or 
may not give the mahogany- 
red reaction with a watery 
solution of iodine. 
Spec. grav. low, yet usually 
above 1010; urea normal or 
slightly diminished. 
Kidneys enlarged, smooth, 
and waxy-looking; capsule 
easily detached; cortex pale, 
anaemic; reddish-brown dis- 
coloration on testing with 
watery solution of iodine; 
cones often dark and con- 
gested. Morbid process at 
first chiefly along renal ves- 
sels. 
Waxy kidney; lar- 
daceous OR AMYLOID 
DEGENERATION OF 
THE KIDNEY. 
Dropsy slight, frequently ab- 
sent ; face sallow, yet not so 
much so as in the waxy dis- 
ease ; often headache and re- 
tention of urea, tendency to 
coma and to convulsions; 
impoverished blood; hyper- 
trophy of the heart; epistax- 
is ; liver may be cirrhosed; 
retinitis. Most common be- 
tween forty and sixty years 
of age. 
May exist for years unsus- 
pected ; is a very chronic 
disease and incurable; may 
lead to death by apoplexy. 
Urine more copious than in 
health, yet extremely small 
amount of albumen, this at 
times temporarily absent; 
hyaline and large finely 
granular casts; altered epi- 
thelium ; a little oil. 
Spec. grav. low; rarely above 
1010, much oftener below; 
urea not decreased until late 
in disease. 
Kidneys waste slowly, become 
dense and contracted; cap- 
sule very adherent; surface 
often granular; thickness 
of the cortical substance di- 
minished ; cysts common. 
There is hypertrophy of 
connective tissue; compres- 
sion and atrophy of gland- 
elements and of tubules. 
Cardio-vascular changes. 
Tissue-changes in renal 
ganglia. 
Chronic contraction 
OF THE KIDNEY J CIR- 
RHOSIS OF THE KID- 
NEY ; INTERSTITIAL 
NEPHRITIS ; GRAN- 
ULAR KIDNEY;GOUTY 
KIDNEY. 
K., cirrho'sis of, see Kidney, Bright's disease of. K., cir- 
rhot'ic, see Kidney, Bright's disease of. K., consump'- 
tion of, Tubercular disease of the kidney; tubercular de- 
generation of the kidney, accompanied usually with 
ulceration. K., contracted, small kidney sometimes 
resulting from chronic nephritis; see Bright's dis- 
ease. K., cys'tic, cystic disease or degeneration of 
kidney. K., drop'sy of, hydronephrosis. K., fat'ty, 
see Kidney, Bright's disease of. K., fat'ty degenera'- 
tion of, see Kidney, Bright's disease of. K., floating, 
kidney, movable. K., gout'y, see Kidney, Bright's 
disease of. K., gran'ular, see Kidney, Bright's disease of. 
K. head, see Pronephros. K., hob'nail, K., granular. 
K., horse'shoe, fatty comformation in which the 
lower ends of the two kidneys are united by a trans- 
verse portion across the spine, thus forming a crescent 
or horseshoe. K., inflammation of, nephritis. K., 
larda'ceous degeneration of, see Lardaceous and 
K., Bright's disease of. K., mottled, K., spotted; 
see also Kidney, Bright's disease of. K., mov'able 
or floating, condition of the kidney, usually congeni- 
tal, in which the elongated renal vessels permit the 
kidney to be moved in certain directions. The tumor 
formed by it, felt on pressure, may be mistaken for 
disease of other parts. K., non-desquam'ative dis- 
ease of, see Kidney, Bright's disease of. K. plant, Bac- 
caris pilularis. K., primor'dial, corpus Wolffianum; 
mesonephros. K., se'nile, K. atrophied from old age. 
K., spotted, Mottled kidney; condition of the kidney 
resulting from the combination of shrivelling of that 
organ and fatty degeneration of the epithelia of the 
urinary tubuli; see Kidney, Bright's disease of. K., 
sur'gical, nephritis, surgical, K., tuber'cular dis- 
ease of, kidney, consumption of. K., wax'y, see 
Lardaceous and Kidney, Bright's disease of. K., 
white, fatty or amyloid degeneration of that organ. 
K. wort, Cotyledon umbilicus; Saxifraga stellaris. 
Kiesteine, ki'es-te-een. Properly Kyesteine, Kiestein, 
Kyestin or Kyestein, Kystein, Kiestin, Kiestine, Cyesteine 
or Cyestein, Kiesthein (kuo, to be pregnant, esthes, a 
garment or pellicle). Peculiar albuminoid pellicle 
forming on the urine of a pregnant female when it is 
allowed to stand for a few days; whitish, opalescent, 
slightly granular, resembling the fatty substance that 
swims on the surface of cool soups. It is no longer 
considered a valuable aid in the diagnosis of early 
pregnancy. 
Kiestinic, ke-es-tin'ik. Relating or appertaining 
to kiesteine. 
Kile. Ulcer. 
Kilian's (kil'e-an's) pelvis. Halesteretic pelvis 
-i. e. deformed by loss of lime salts; similar to 
osteomalacia. 
Kill-lamb. Andromeda mariana. 
Killbastard, kil-bas'tard. Juniperus sabina. 
Killherb, kil'urb. Orobanche major. 
Killosis, kil-lo'sis. Strabismus. 
Kilogramme, kil'o-gram (chilioi, a thousand). The 
weight of a thousand grammes-two pounds eight 
ounces one drachm and twenty-four grains Troy. 
Kilolitre, kil'o-le'tr (chilioi, a thousand, litre, a litre). 
Measure containing a thousand litres. 
Kilometre, kil'o-me'tr (chilioi, a thousand, metron, 
measure). Measure of one thousand metres. 
Kimis, ke'mis. Kumyss. 
Kina kina, ke'nah ke'nah. Cinchona. 
Kinsesthesia (kin-ees-tha'she-ah) or Kinsesthesis, 
kin-ees-tha'sis (kineo, to move, aisthesis, perception). 
Muscular sense; perception of motion. 
Kinsesthesiometer, kin-ees-the-se-om'et-ur. Instru- 
ment for testing muscular sense. 
Kinaesthesis, kin-ees-tha'sis. Sense of movement. 
Kincough (kin'kof) or Kindcough, kind'kof. 
Whooping cough. 
Kinesia, kin-a'ze-ah (kineo, to move). Motion. 
Kinesiatrics, kin-e-se-at'riks (kinesis, motion, iatros, 
physician). Movement cure. 
Kinesic, kin-e'sik. Pertaining to movement. 
Kinesimeter (kin-e-sim'et-ur) or Kinesiom'eter (ki- 
nesis, motion, metron, measure). Apparatus to meas- 
ure the extent of motion. 
Kinesioneurosis, kin-es-e-o-nu-ro'sis. Nervous af- 
fection attended with abnormal movements. 
Kinesipathy, kin-e-sip'ath-e (kinesis, motion, pa- 
thos, disease). Cinesipathy, Movement cure, Motor- 
pathy. Theory of disease resulting from excess or 
defect of muscular action. A mode of treating dis- 
eases by gymnastics or appropriate movements pro- 
posed by Ling, a Swede; hence called Lingism. 
Kinesither'apy (kinesis, motion, therapeuo, to cure). 
Exercise or movement applied to treatment of disease. 
Kinesodic, kin-es-od'ik (kinesis, motion, hodos, 
way). Term to designate the nervous substance 
concerned in the conduction of motorial impulses. KINETIC 
Kinetic, kin-et'ik (fcineo, to move). Motory. 
King'cure. Pyrola maculata. 
King's e'vil. Scrofula. K.'s yel'low, orpiment. 
Kings'hood. Reticulum. 
Kinic acid, ki'nik as'id. See Acid, kinic, and Cin- 
chona. 
Kinici acetas, kiu'e-se as-e'tas. Quinia, acetate of. 
Kininum (kin-e'num) or Kinium, kin-e'um. Qui- 
nine. 
Kink, dumb (Teut. kink, twist in a rope). Form of 
whooping cough complicated with gastro-enteritis. K. 
in the head, see Insanity. 
Kinkina, kin-ke'nah (Peruv. kina). Cinchona. 
Ki'no (Ind.). African, E. Indian, or Amboyna 
kino ; it is the inspissated juice of Pterocarpus mar- 
supium (Ph. U. S. and Br.). On wounding the bark 
the kino flows drop by drop. A West India variety, 
Jamaica kino, is derived from Coccoloba uvifera or 
seaside grape; and a Botany Bay kino is the concrete 
juice of Eucalyptus resinifera or brown gum tree of 
New Holland, nat. ord. Myrtacese. Kino consists 
chiefly of tannic and gallic acids, oxide of iron, and 
coloring matter; it comes in fragments of a dark 
ruby-red color, easily pulverized; it is powerfully 
astringent, and used in diarrhoea, dysentery, hemor- 
rhage, leucorrhoea, etc. Dose, gr. x to xxx, in pow- 
der. K., Amboy'na, kino. K., Amer'ican, inspis- 
sated juice of Coccoloba uvifera or seaside grape. K., 
Australian, astringent derived from eucalyptus. 
K., Bengal', astringent gum of several varieties of 
butea, containing kino-tannic acid in large quantities. 
K., bu'tea or E. In'dian, K., Bengal. K., eucalyp'tus, 
K., Australian. K. gum, kino. K., West In'dian, 
K., American. 
Kinometer, kin-om'et-ur (kineo, to put in motion, 
metron, measure). Instrument to estimate degree of 
uterine displacement dependent upon pelvic tumor 
or inflammation. 
Kinone (ki'none) or Kui'none. Substance derived 
from decomposition of kinic acid. 
Kinotannic (ki'no-tan'nik) acid. Most important 
constituent of kino; variety of tannic acid. 
Kinova (kin-o'vah) bit'ter or bit'ters. Acid kino- 
vic ; kinovin. 
Kinovic (kin-o'vik) acid. Acid, kinovic, and cin- 
chona. 
Kinovin, kin-o'vin. Quinovin, kinovic bitter, 
CsoHisOs. Originally from Quinquina nova or new 
bark; also from calisaya bark and other cinchonas; 
bitter white principle, giving bitter character to some 
barks. 
Kionorrhaphia, ke-on-or-rhaf'e-ah (kion, uvula, 
rhaphe, suture). Staphylorrhaphy. 
Kiotome, ki'o-tome (fcion, a pillar or support, tome, 
incision). Instrument invented by Desault to cut ac- 
cidental brides or filaments in the rectum and blad- 
der ; used also for the removal of the tonsils. It is 
composed of a flat silver sheath, open at one edge, 
provided with a cutting blade, which, forced through 
the opening, divides all the parts with which it comes 
in contact. 
Kippernut, kip'per-nut. Bunium bulbocastanum. 
Ki'rate. Weight of four grains. 
Kiriaghuma. Gymnema lactiferum. 
Klrrhonosis, kir-rho-no'sis (kirros, yellow). Cir- 
rhosis. 
Kirrhosis, kir-rho'sis (kirrhos, yellow). Cirrhosis. 
Kirronese. Icteric coloration ; discolored as if by 
jaundice. 
Kirschwasser, kersh'was-ser. Cherry-water; alco- 
holic liquor obtained from cherries bruised with their 
stones by distillation after fermentation. See Spirit. 
Klskltomas nut. Hickory nut. 
Kissingen, mineral waters (kis'singen, min'er-al 
wa'ters) of. At this resort in Bavaria are several 
tonic, laxative, and alterative springs, the Ragoczy 
or Rakoczy being the most important, containing, be- 
sides carbonic acid, sodium chloride, carbonate of lime, 
magnesium sulphate, chlorides of potassium and mag- 
nesium, chloride of lithium, bromide and iodide of 
sodium, and carbonate of iron. This water quickens 
606 
KNIFE 
the circulation and stimulates the secretions of the 
mucous membranes generally, but especially those of 
the alimentary canal. It has been imitated in Arti- 
ficial Kissingen or Rakoczy water. 
Kite'tail plug. Tampon made by tying pieces of 
cotton or cloth to a string at intervals, similar to a 
kite-tail, used to control uterine hemorrhage. 
Kiwisch's method, ke'wish's meth'ud. Use of hot 
vaginal injections to induce premature labor. 
Klaprothii sulphas, klap-roth'e-e sul'phas (after 
Klaproth, the German chemist). Cadmii sulphas. 
Klaprothium sulphuricum, klap-roth'e-um sul-fu'- 
re-kum. See Cadmii sulphas. 
Kleidarthrocace, kleid-arth-rok'as-e (kleis, clavicle, 
arthron, joint, kakos, evil). Dislocation of the clavicle. 
Kleptomania, klep-to-man'e-ah (klepto, to steal). 
Mania or insanity with irresistible propensity to 
steal. 
Klikuschi. Hysterical or hystero-epileptiform en- 
demico-epidemic of women of Kursk and Orel, resem- 
bling acute mania. 
Klinocephalia, klin-o-sef-al'e-ah. Clinocephalia. 
Klinocephalic, kli-no-sef-al'ik. Clinocephalic. 
Klip'das. See Hyrax Capensis. 
Klo'nus. Clonus. 
Klopemania, klo-pe-man'e-ah (klope, theft). Klep- 
tomania. 
Kneading Shampooing; a form of massage. 
Knee. Genu. K., cham'bermaid's, K., house- 
maid's. K. of cor'pus callo'sum, genu of corpus cal- 
losum. K., encir'cled hoof, crusta genu equina1,. K., 
house'maid's, inflammation of the bursa in front 
of the patella; apt to inflame and enlarge from 
effusion in those in whom it is subjected to much 
pressure; hence its name. It is a form of capsular 
rheumatism. 
Knee-cap. Patella. 
Knee-clo'nus. Knee-jerk ; knee-phenomenon; pa- 
tellar reflex; patellar-tendon reflex. See Reflex. 
Knee-el'bow post'ure. Position upon the elbows 
and knees resorted to for purpose of examination and 
treatment. 
Kneeholly, ne'hol-le. Roscus. 
Knee-jerk, ne'-jerk. Produced by tapping the 
quadriceps or patellar tendon while the leg is hang- 
ing loosely over the opposite knee; it is increased 
during certain conditions of the nervous system, and 
diminished or absent in others; knee-clonus. 
Knee-joint, ne'-joint. Genu. 
Knee-pan, ne'-pan. Patella. 
Knee-phenom'enon. Knee-jerk. 
Knee-scab, ne'-skab. Crusta genu equinse. 
Knidosis, nid-o'sis. Cnidosis. 
Knife. Cutting instrument used in surgery to di- 
vide the soft parts, differing from the bistoury or 
scalpel in being usually larger. The most common 
knives are the following: K., Adams's, K. for opera- 
tion on the iris, with straight edge and oblique point. 
K., amputa'tion, this is the largest knife used in 
surgery; formerly it was curved, now it is straight, 
and provided with one or two edges. K., cat'aract, 
such a knife is intended to perform the section of the 
transparent cornea, and is so shaped as to exactly fill 
the small wound made by it, and thus to prevent the 
discharge of the aqueous humor until the section is 
completed; a cutting instrument-a picker or cysti- 
tome-is also employed for opening the capsule. K., 
Ches'elden's, knife with a fixed handle, very convex 
on its edge, concave on the back, used by Cheselden 
in lithotomy. K., cor'nea, cataract knife used for 
section of cornea. K., crook'ed, a knife crooked and 
concave on its cutting edge; formerly employed in 
amputation of the limbs. K., crotch'et, a steel in- 
strument composed of a round staff furnished with 
a handle at one extremity, and at the other with a 
curved knife; formerly used to cut to pieces mon- 
strous fcetuses in utero, and to open the head when 
necessary. K., double-edged, Catling; a knife the 
blade of which is straight and sharp on both sides; 
used for disarticulating bones and for cutting the soft 
parts between the bones in amputation of the leg KNIFESMAN 
and forearm. K., Fer'gusson's, knife used in opera- 
tion for cleft palate, having edge at acute angle. K., 
her'nia, curved bistoury for division of constriction in 
strangulated hernia. K., iridec'tomy, knife with tri- 
angular blade for incision of the cornea in this opera- 
tion. K., lentic'ular, instrument used in the operation 
of trepanning for removing inequalities in the inner 
table of the skull left by the crown of the trephine 
around the opening made by it. Is formed of a len- 
ticular button fixed at the extremity of an iron staff; 
convex on one side, flat on the other; sharp at both 
edges, and mounted on an ebony handle. K., lith- 
ot'omy, large knife, the narrow blade of which, four 
inches in length, sharp in its whole extent, and at an 
obtuse angle with the handle, was used in the lateral 
operation. K., pol'ypus, polypotome. K., root'- 
cutting, in pharmacy a knife by which roots and 
other ligneous matters are divided in pharmaceutical 
processes. K. en serpette, knife of the shape of a 
serpette or pruning-knife, invented by Desault for 
dividing the bony paries of the maxillary sinus to 
extract fungi from it. K., Von Graefe's, long slen- 
der knife used by Von Graefe particularly in senile 
cataract. 
Knifesman, nifes'man. One who is addicted to 
operating in almost all cases, or who is not a conser- 
vative surgeon. 
Knit'ting. Process of repair of fractured bone. 
Knob'weed. Collinsonia centaurea. 
Knock-kneed, nok'-need. Genu valgum; entogo- 
nyancon. 
Knot. Tubercle. K., clove-hitch, see Clove-hitch. 
K., germ or lymph, local enlargements in lymphatic 
glands, indicating increased cell-action. K., Pack'- 
er's, compressive bandage used for arresting hemor- 
rhage from the temporal artery or its branches, made 
with a double-headed roller, five ells long; is called 
by some surgeons solar or oblique chevestre or capis- 
trum. K., Staffordshire, knot for tying pedicles, a 
combination of loop and reef-knot. K., sur'geon's, 
double knot made by passing the thread twice 
through the same noose; used frequently in ligation 
of arteries, the umbilical cord, etc. 
Knotberries, not'ber-rees. Eubus chamaemorus. 
Knotgrass, not'grass. Polygonum aviculare. 
Knotroot, not'root. Collinsonia Canadensis. 
Knotweed, not'weed. Collinsonia Canadensis. Po- 
lygonum aviculare. 
Knowltonia (nole-ton'e-ah) grac'ilis (after Knowl- 
ton of the botanic garden at Eltham, Eng.). Nat. ord. 
Eanunculaceae. Grows in S. Africa; has same prop- 
erties as K. rigida, leaves and roots of which are used 
as substitute for cantharides. Acrid plant of S. 
Africa, used by Cape colonists as a blister in rheuma- 
tism. 
Knuck'le. Prominence produced by flexion of 
a finger; loop of intestine. 
Koch's lymph. Tuberculin; advocated by Koch 
in hypodermic treatment of tuberculosis and lupus, as 
a therapeutic method or as a means of diagnosis. See 
Bacillus tuberculosis and Tuberculin. 
Koenig s manomet'ric flames. Flame pictures 
characteristic of the vowels, and varying with the 
pitch of the voice, produced in a revolving mirror by 
vibrations of the voice against a membrane. 
Kohl salat (cabbage salad). Coldslaw. 
Koinomiasmata, koi-no-me-as'mat-ah (Icoinos, com- 
mon). See Miasm. 
Ko'kum. Garcinia purpurea. K. but'ter, see Gar- 
cinia purpurea. 
Kola, ko'lah. Cola acuminata. K. acumlna'ta, 
Cola acuminata. K., fe'male, Cola acuminata. K* 
nut, nut of Garcinia kola or Sterculia acuminata; 
see Cola. 
Kolerus, kol'er-us. Dry ulcer. 
Kollerism (kol'ler-izm) or Kollerization, kol-ler-i- 
za'shun. Production of anaesthesia by cocaine, so 
called after Koller, who is credited with early ad- 
vocacy of it. 
Kollonema, kol-lo-na'mah (holla, glue, nema, tissue). 
Myxoma. 
607 
KREOSOTON 
Kolotyphus, kol-o-ti'fus. Typhoid fever. 
Kolpocystocele, kol-po-sis-to-se'le (Eng. kol-po-sis'- 
to-seel). Prolapse of the bladder into the vagina. 
Kolpodesmorrhaphy, kol-po-des-mor'rhaf-e (fcoZpos, 
vagina, desmos, bond, rhaphe, seam). Partial closure 
by suture of the labia majora; colporrhaphy. 
Kolpoecpec'tasis. Dilatation of the vaginal canal. 
Kolpohysterectomy, kol-po-his-ter-ek'to-me. Vagi- 
nal hysterectomy. 
Kolpokleisis, kol-po-kli'sis (kolpos, vagina, kleio, to 
shut up). Operation for obliteration of the vagina 
by paring the mucous surfaces and bringing them to- 
gether by suture. 
Kolpoperineoplasty, kol-po-per-in-e'o-plas-te (kol- 
pos, vagina, perineum, plasso, to form). Operation for 
the cure of complete prolapse of the uterus. 
Kolporraphy (kol-por'ra-fe) or Kolpor'rhaphy (kol- 
pos, vagina, rhaphe, suture). Elytrorrhaphy; colpor- 
raphy. Operation of closing the vagina by suture. 
Kolpostenotomy, kol-po-sten-ot'o-me (kolpos, va- 
gina, stenos, narrow, tome, incision). Incision for 
stricture or atresia of the vagina. 
Kolpotomy, kol-pot'o-me (kolpos, vagina, tome, in- 
cision). Incision into the vaginal wall. Elytrotomy; 
laparo-elytrotomy. 
Kol'to. Plica. 
Komma bacillus, kom'mah bas-il'lus. Cholera bacil- 
lus. See Spirillum choleras Asiatics. 
Kooch/la-tree. Strychnos nux vomica. 
Koor'chee. See Nerium antidysentericum. 
Koos'so. Hagenia Abyssinica. 
Kooyah root. See Valeriana. 
Kopio'pia or Kopyopia, kop-e-op'e-ah. Fatigue of 
vision; weakness of sight. 
Kopp's asth'ma. Thymic asthma; spasm of the 
glottis. 
Kordellestris syphilitica, kor-del-les'tris sif-il-it'- 
ik-ah. Caroba. 
Ko're and Ko'ro (kore, pupil). For words com- 
mencing with this prefix, as Kor ectomy, Koreclialysis, 
Koreplastice, Korotomy, etc., see corresponding words 
beginning with C, as Cor ectomy, etc. 
Kor'is. Cimex. 
Koros'copy. Eetinoscopy. 
Koryza, ko-ri'za. Coryza. 
Ko'sin. Crystalline substance derived from kousso 
flowers; used as a taeniacide. 
Kos'mos. See Acosmia. 
Kos'sein. Yellowish amorphous bitter powder 
from Hagenia Abyssinica, used as a substitute for 
kousso. 
Kos'so. Hagenia Abyssinica. 
Koumis (koo'mis), Kou'mish, Kou'miss, or Kou'- 
myss. Kumyss. 
Kous. See Valeriana. 
Koussin (koos'sin) or Kous'sine. See Hagenia 
Abyssinica. 
Kous'so. Brayera. 
Krame'ria (after Kramers, German botanists). 
Rhatany, Ratanhy. Nat. ord. Polygaleae; is a native 
of Java; root has a bitter taste, and is astringent, 
diuretic, and detergent. Dose, gr. x-xx. Krameria 
(Ph. U. S. and Br.) is the root of K. triandra and K. 
tomentosa. K. ixi'na, ratanhy of the Antilles, has 
similar virtues; Savanilla ratanhy is from the same 
plant. K. trian'dra, krameria. 
Krania, kra'ne-ah. See Cornu mas. 
Kraurosis, kraw-ro'sis (krauros, dry). Atrophy, 
dryness, shrivelling, as of mucous membrane of the 
vagina. 
Krause, cor'puscles of. Terminal nerve-corpus- 
cles, similar to those of Pacini, met with in the con- 
junctiva, genitals, etc. K., end-bulbs of, K., cor- 
puscles of. 
Kreasoton, kre-as-o'ton. Creasote. 
Kreatic nausea, kre-at'ik naw'she-ah. See Nausea. 
Kreatine, kre'at-in. Creatine. 
Kreatinine, kre-at'in-een. C4H7N3O. See Creatine. 
Kreatophagous, kre-at-of'a-gus (kreas, flesh, phago, 
to eat). Carnivorous. 
Kreosoton, kre-o-so'ton. Creasote. KRESOL 
Kre'sol. Substance found in urine in two forms, 
ortho- and para-kresol. 
Kresylic (kres-il'ik) acid. See Carbolic acid, im- 
pure. 
Kretinismus, kre-tin-iz'mus. Cretinism. 
Krinosin, krin'o-sin. Nitrogenized fatty substance 
of the brain. 
Krbn'lein's her'nia. Preperitoneal inguinal hernia. 
Kryptophanic (krip-to-fan'ik) ac'id. Acid found 
in urine. 
Krystalline, kris'tal-line. See Crystalline. 
Kua kaha. Curcuma longa. 
Kiichenmailer's scis'sors. Instrument with a 
probe-pointed and sharp blade for division of the 
cervix. 
Kuh'nia eupatorioi'des. Hog-weed, fallow-weed, 
of the U. States, employed in diarrhoea, dysentery, 
colic, dyspepsia, etc. 
Kujawah. Conveyance in India for transportation 
of the sick and wounded. 
Kukui oil. See Aleurites triloba. 
Kumbecephalic, kum-be-sef-al'ik (kumbe, canoe, 
kephale, head). Boat-shaped head. 
Kumiss (ku'mis), Ku'myss, Kou'myss, Kou'mis, 
Ki'mis, orKou'miss. Beverage resembling sour but- 
termilk, without being greasy; originally prepared 
in Tartary from mare's milk, which is allowed to 
stand for some days in a leathern churn till it becomes 
sour, and is then bottled for use. It is employed in 
complaints arising from feeble digestion, and is rather 
nutritious than exhilarating; but from the same mate- 
rial the Burats and the Kirghez prepare an intoxicat- 
ing spirit called aracu, in which they indulge to ex- 
cess. Kumiss is manufactured in the United States 
by fermenting cow's-milk with yeast and grape-sugar, 
and is used as a food in wasting diseases and in affec- 
tions of the kidney. 
Kunaree. Nerium odorum. 
Kuri'dah oil. Purgative and anthelmintic oil, seeds 
of Carapa Guianensis. 
Kurung oil. Oil expressed from Pongamia glabra, 
used in parasitic diseases. 
Kussander, kus-san'der. Convolvulus panduratus. 
Kiiss'maul's coma. Coma, jactitation, rapid heart, 
and dyspnoea, occurring during death in diabetes, as 
described by Kussmaul. K.'s disease, acute atrophic 
spinal paralysis. 
Kutubuth. Arabic name for a species of melan- 
choly in which the patient is never quiet at any one 
place. See Cuttubuth. 
Kwass. Fermented liquor made from oatmeal. 
Kwoso, kwo'so. Hagenia Abyssinica. 
Ky'anal. Aniline. 
Ky'anized. Placed in bichloride of mercury for 
preservation; named after Kyan, the originator. 
Kyanosis, ke-an-o'sis. Cyanopathy. 
Kyaput'ty. Caieput. 
Kyesteine, ki'es-te-een. Kiesteine. 
Kyestinic, ki-es-tin'ik. Kiestinic. 
Kyklitis, kik-le'tis (Jcuklos, circle). Cyclitis. 
608 
KYTTARRHAGIA 
Kyllopodia, kil-lo-pod'e-ah (kullos, crooked, pous. 
foot). Kyllosis; club-foot. 
Kyllosis, kil-lo'sis {kullos, crooked, lame). Congen- 
ital distortion of the feet, Clubfoot, Poltfoot, Stump- 
foot, Talipes. Of this there are many varieties. In 
one the foot, instead of resting on the soil by the 
whole plantar surface, touches it only with the meta- 
tarsophalangian articulations; it seems as if turned 
backward and broken upon the leg; Pes or Talipes 
equinus, Hippopus, Oxypodia, Tipfoot, Horsefoot. In 
other cases the foot is twisted inward, Varus, Talipes 
varus, Bleesopodes, Blsesopus, Cylloepus, Cyllopoda, Cyllo- 
podion, Loripes, Crossfoot, so that it rests only on the 
ground on its outer edge; or it may be twisted out- 
ward, Valgus, Talipes valgus, Outbow foot, or rest only 
on its inner edge or on the back part of the heel, 
Talipes calcaneus, Heel clubfoot; in the Flatfoot or 
Splayfoot, Duckfoot, Pes planus, Splatfoot, Talipes equi- 
no-valgus, Spurious valgus, Sarapus, Platypus, Platypodia, 
the plantar surface of the foot is flattened instead of 
being concave. 
These deformities are rarely accidental, are almost 
always congenital, and may be rectified, at an early 
period, by proper mechanical means to strengthen the 
foot gradually and restore its proper shape and direc- 
tion ; if these means fail, the tendons and muscles 
concerned in the deformity may be divided. A simi- 
lar affection of the hand is called Club-hand, Manus 
curta. 
Club or Clubbed fingers are also met with, and a con- 
dition of the penis has been described which has re- 
ceived the name of Club or Clubbed penis. See Penis. 
Kymograph (ki'mo-graf) or Kymographion, ke- 
mo-graf'e-on (kuma, wave, grapho, to describe). Wave 
describer or measurer, self-registering, and exhibiting 
the relation between the waves of the pulse and the 
undulations produced by respiration. 
Kymoscope, ki'mo-skope (kuma, wave, skopeo, to 
see). Apparatus for examining and registering pul- 
sations. 
Ky'na. Pastinaca opoponax. 
Kynu'ric ac'id. Acid found in dog's urine. 
Kyphosis, ke-fo'sis. Cyphosis; posterior curvature 
of the spine. K. inflammato'ria, vertebral disease. 
K. paralyt'ica, vertebral disease. 
Kyphoskoliosis, ke-fos-ko-le-o'sis (kuphos, gibbous, 
skolios, crooked). Gibbosity of the spine. 
Kystein, ki'stien. Kiesteine. 
Kysthitis, kis-the'tis (kusthos, vagina). Inflamma- 
tion of the vulva and of the mucous membrane of 
the vagina. 
Kysthoptosis (kis-thop-to'sis) or Kysthopropto'sis 
(kusthos, vagina, pipto, to fall). Prolapse or inversion 
of the vagina. 
Kystis, kis'tis. Cyst. 
Kystotome, kis'to-tome. Cystitome. 
Kystotomy, kis-tot'o-me. Cystotomy. 
Kyttarrhagia, kit-tar-rhaj'e-ah (kuttarion, alveolus, 
rhago, to break forth). Discharge of blood from an 
alveolus. L 
609 
LABYRINTHAL 
L. 
L. Abbreviation of Left and of Libra, a pound. 
Labarium, lab-ah're-um (labor, to fall). Looseness 
of the teeth. 
Labarraque's (lab'ar-rak's) solu'tion. Solution of 
chlorinated soda. 
Labdacism, lab'da-sizm. Lallation. 
Labdamen, lab-dah'men. Cistus creticus. 
Labdanum, lab-dab'num. See Cistus creticus. 
Labe, lah'be (labe, act of grasping). Invasion. 
First paroxysm of fevers. 
Labeo, lah'be-o. Inflammatory swelling of the 
lip; one having thick lip. 
Labes, lah'bees. Inflammatory swelling of the lips; 
macula. 
Labia (lah'be-ah) (pl. of Labium) cer'ebri. Edge 
of cerebral hemispheres projecting over corpus callo- 
sum. L. cun'ni, lips of the vulva. L. exter'na, lips 
of the vulva; labia majora. L. inter'na or mino'ra, 
nymphje; labia minora. L. majo'ra, lips of the 
vulva. L. o'ris, lips. L. puden'di, lips of the vulva. 
L. puden'di mino'ra, nymph®. L. u'teri, lips of the 
cervix uteri. 
La'bial (labium, lip). Relating or appertaining to 
the lips or the labia. L. ar'tery, the facial artery of 
the majority of anatomists, has had this name given 
to it. The labial arteries, properly so called, coronary 
arteries of the lips, are two in number: the superior 
arises from the facial, above, and very close to, the 
commissure of the lips, is large and tortuous, and 
distributed to the upper lip; the inferior arises 
from the facial, at a considerable distance from 
the commissure, and proceeds in a serpentine course 
into the substance of the lower lip, to which it is 
distributed. L. bone, small bone in the foetus be- 
tween the superior maxillary bone and the inter- 
maxillary bone. L. glands, a multitude of mucip- 
arous follicles, round, prominent, and separate from 
each other, found on the inner surface of the lips 
below the mucous membrane. L. veins are distin- 
guished, like the arteries, into superior and inferior, 
which open into the facial vein, a division of the 
internal jugular. 
Labialis, lab-e-al'is. Orbicularis oris. 
La'bials. Sounds of certain consonants as made 
by the lips. 
Labidometer (lab-id-om'et-ur) or Labimeter, lab- 
im'et-ur (labis, forceps, metron, measure). Scale 
adapted to the handles of the forceps, indicating the 
distance of the blades from each other when applied 
to the head of the child in utero. 
La'bile (labor, to fall off). Term in electricity ap- 
plied to a current which is passing and touches the skin 
in a sensitive place, as over the course of a nerve. 
Labio-dentals, la'be-o den'tals (labium, lip, dens, 
tooth). Sounds produced by approximation of the 
upper teeth and lower lip. 
Labio-glosso-laryngeal, la'be-o-glos'so-lar-in-je'al. 
Relating to lip, tongue, and larynx. 
Labio-glosso-pharyngeal, la'be-o-glos'so-far-in-je'- 
al. Relating to lip, tongue, and pharynx. 
Labio-mental, la'be-o-men'tal. Relating to lip and 
chin. 
Labio-nasal, la'be-o-na'sal. Relating to lip and 
nose; applied to sounds produced by them together. 
Labio-palatine, la'be-o-pal'at-ine. Relating to lips 
and palate. 
Labioplastic, la-be-o-plas'tik. Relating to the for- 
mation of a new lip, as an operation for such purpose. 
Labiotenaculum, la-be-o-ten-ak'u-lum. Tenaculum 
for seizing the lip in hare-lip operation. 
Labis (lab'is). Forceps. 
Labitome, lab'e-tome (labis, forceps, tome, incision). 
Cutting forceps; cephalotome. 
Labium, lab'e-um. Lip. L. lepori'num, hare-lip. 
L. tympan'icum, free margin of the osseous lamina 
of the cochlea; the labium vestibulare being a sharp 
margin of the denticula lamina overhanging the 
labium tympanicum. L. ure'three, lateral edges of 
meatus urinarius. L. u'teri, outermost margin of 
cervix uteri. L. vestibula're, see L. tympanicum. 
Lab'lab. Dolichos. 
La'bor. Parturition. L., breech, labor in which 
breech presents. L. chair, obstetric chair; chair in 
which a parturient woman is placed during delivery. 
L., com'plicated, see Parturition. L., dif'ficult, dys- 
tocia. L., dry, labor neither preceded nor attended 
with discharge of liquor amnii. L., foot'ling, 
labor in which the foot presents. L., forced, see 
Parturition. L., imprac'ticable, see Parturition. L., 
inert', see Inertia of the womb. L., instrumental, 
labor assisted by instruments. L., labo'rious, see 
Laborious. L., metastat'ic, labor in which the ute- 
rine and other muscular force is temporarily sus- 
pended, the nervous power seeming to be directed in 
other channels. L., missed, uterogestation, in which, 
through want of parturient action, the foetus is re- 
tained in utero beyond the ordinary term. L., mor'- 
bid, dystocia. L., multip'arous, labor at birth of 
several children at a time. L., nat'ural, nor'mal, or 
physiolog'ical, labor easily accomplished without 
accident or bad result. L. pains, see Pains. L., 
pow'erless, see Parturition. L., precip'itate, see 
Parturition. L., pre'mature, parturition (premature). 
L., preternat'ural, parturition in a preternatural 
state; see Parturition. L., show, see Parturition. L., 
ver'tex, L. in which the vertex presents. 
Labo'rans (labor, disease). Sick. 
Laboratorium, lab-o-rat-o're-um. Laboratory. L. 
chym'icum or pharmaceu'ticum, see Pharmacopoeia. 
Laboratory, lab'or-at-o-re (laboro, to work). Work- 
shop ; place for preparing chemical or pharmaceutical 
products, etc. 
Laboriosus, lab-o-re-o'sus. Laborious; sick. 
Laborious, la-bo're-us (labor, labor or difficulty). 
Delivery is laborious when attended with more diffi- 
culty and suffering than usual. Labor requiring the 
use of instruments. See Dystocia and Parturition. 
Labrisulcium, lab-re-sul'she-um (labrum, sulcus, fur- 
row). See Cheilocace and Stomacace. 
La'brum. Lip; upper lip of mammal. L. cer'ebri, 
infundibulum of the brain. 
Labrusca, lab-rus'kah. Bryonia alba. 
Laburnum, lab-ur'num. Cytisus laburnum. 
Labyrinth, lab'ir-inth. Place full of turnings, the 
exit of which is not easily discoverable. Aggregate 
of parts constituting the internal ear, Labyrinthic 
cavity of the ear. It is situate between the tympanum 
and meatus auditorius internus, and is composed of 
several cavities communicating with each other in 
the dried bone, as the vestibule, cochlea, semicircu- 
lar canals, etc. The bony or osseous labyrinth is lined 
by periosteum, and also by a pulpy membrane consti- 
tuting the membranous labyrinth, Labyrinthus membra- 
naceus, on which the auditory nerve is regularly dis- 
persed. This membrane forms two sacs in the ves- 
tibule, called sacculus vestibuli and sacculus respectively, 
resembling in shape that of the bony cavities contain- 
ing them. Each sac contains calcareous matter, con- 
stituting the otoliths or earstones and otoconia or earclust. 
When the sac is laid open, upon the upper and outer 
part a partition appears, partaking of the nature of the 
sac, and called by Meckel septum vestibuli nervoso-mem- 
branaceum. The term Labyrinth is also applied to the 
lateral portions of the ethmoid bone, formed of large 
irregular cells. L., bo'ny, see Labyrinth. L., eth- 
moid'al, lateral masses of ethmoid bone. L. of kid'- 
ney, cortical substance around uriniferous tubules. 
L., mem'branous, see Labyrinth. L., olfac'tory, L., 
ethmoidal. L., os'seous, see Labyrinth. 
Labyrinthal (lab-ir-inth'al), Labyrinthic (lab-ir- LABYRINTHUS 
inth'ik), or Labyrinth'ius. Eelating or appertain- 
ing to the labyrinth. L. cav'ity of ear, labyrinth. 
Labyrinthus, lab-ir-iu'thus. Labyrinth. L. au'ris 
in 'tim®, see Labyrinth. L. du'rus, see Labyrinth. L. 
ethmoida'lis, labyrinth, ethmoidal. L. membrana'- 
ceus or mol'lis, see Labyrinth. L. os'seus, see 
Labyrinth. L. pu'bicus or pudenda'lis, pudendal 
plexus. 
Lac. Lacca; laqueus; milk. L. ammoni'aci, 
mistura ammoniaci. L. amyg'dalse, emulsio amyg- 
dalae. L. asafmt'id®, mistura asafoetid®. L. a'vis, 
albumen ovi. L. bovi'num or bu'bulum, cow's milk. 
L. capri'num, goat's milk. L. concre'tum, condensed 
milk. L. equi'num, mare's milk. L. fermen'tans, 
kumyss. L. foemin'eum, woman's milk. L. guai'- 
aci, mistura guaiaci. L., gum, lacca. L. hirci'num, 
goat's milk. L. ma'ris, sperm. L. plas'ter, anti- 
sep'tic, see Plaster, lac. L. pres'sum, curd. L. pri'- 
mum puer'per®, colostrum. L., seed, lacca. L., 
shell, lacca. L., stick, lacca. L. sul'phuris, sulphur 
pr®cipitatum. L. ter'r®, magnesii carbonas. L. 
virgina'le or vir'ginis, virgin's milk. 
Lacca, lak-kah {lakah, Arab.). Stick, Gum, Seed, or 
Shell lac. Substance formed by an insect, deposited 
on different species of tree, chiefly in the East Indies; 
for example, on Croton lacciferum and two species of 
Ficus-F. religiosa and F. Indica. When melted it is 
called shell-lac. Lac was at one time used as a tonic 
and astringent, and still forms part of dentifrices. 
Lacerated, las'er-a-ted (lacero, to tear). Torn, as a 
lacerated wound. 
Laceration, las-er-a'shun (lacero, to tear). Eupture. 
Act of tearing or rending; breach made by tearing 
or rending, as lacerated wound. Laceration is prac- 
tised by surgeons in a special operation for cataract, 
in which the opening is widened by laceration of its 
sides. Laceration is also practised subcutaneously 
with a needle or tenotome applied to vascular growths. 
Lacerator, las'er-a-tor. Instrument employed for 
laceration. 
Laceratura, las-er-at-u'rah. Lacerated wound. 
Lacerta, lah-ser'tah. Lizard. L. a'gilis, European 
sand-lizard, formerly used in skin diseases, cancer- 
ous and venereal affections. The powdered bones 
are now used in India, being regarded as a stimulant 
and aphrodisiac. L. aquat'ica, see Ectozoa. 
Lacerti (lah-ser'te) (pl. of Lacertus, muscle) cor'- 
dis. Column® carne®. L. musculo'rum, see Mus- 
cular fibre. 
Lacertosus, lah-ser-to'sus. Muscular. 
Lacertuli cordis, lah-ser'tu-le kor'dis (dim. of La- 
certus). Column® carne®. 
Lacertulus, lah-sert'u-lus (dim. of Lacertus). 
Small muscle. 
Lacertus, lah-ser'tus. Brachium; muscle. See 
Muscular fibre. L. flbro'sus, semilunar fascia. 
Lacerum, las'er-um (lacer, torn). Anything torn 
or appearing as if torn. L. fora'men ante'rius, ir- 
regular opening formed by the sphenoid, occipital, and 
petrous portion of the temporal bone, closed by car- 
tilage, and forming a kind of fontanelle, situated at 
the termination of the petro-occipital suture. L. 
fora'men poste'rius is formed by the occipital bone 
and the inferior edge of the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone. Through it the internal jugular 
vein, the eighth pair of nerves, and accessory nerve 
pass out of the cranium. L. fora'men supe'rius, 
sphenoidal fissure. 
Lachanon, lak'an-on (lachaino, to dig). Potherb; 
vegetable used as food. 
Lachesis, lak'es-is. Genus of reptiles, Viperinse ; 
greenish poison obtained from fangs of snake in Bra- 
zil, and having a place in the homoeopathic materia 
medica. L. pic'ta, see Arrow-poison. L. rhombea'ta, 
Flammon; poisonous serpent common in the lower 
forests of Peru. 
Lachnanthes tinctoria, lak-nan'thees tink-to're-ah 
(lachne, wool, anthos, flower). Redroot; indigenous; 
astringent and tonic. Used in phthisis. 
Lach'ryma. Tear. See Vitis vinifera. 
Lach'rymal. Lacrymal. 
610 
LACRYMATIO 
Lachryma'tion. Lacrymation. 
Lacinia, las-in'e-ah. Hem or fringe. 
Laciniae (las-in'e-e) (pl. of Lacinia) tuba'rum 
Fallo'pii. Fringes of Fallopian tube. See Tube, 
Fallopian. 
Laciniated, las-in'e-a-ted {lacinia, fringe). Fringed, 
as the laciniated extremities of the Fallopian tubes. 
Lacmus, lak'mus. Lichen roccella. L. tincto'rius, 
lichen roccella. 
Laconicum, la-kon'ik-um (used by the Lacones or 
Lacedaemonians). Vaporarium. See Stove. 
Lacrima (lak're-mah), Lacruma (lak'ru-mah), or 
Lacryma, lak're-mah. Tear. See Vitis vinifera. 
Lacrimatio, lak-re-mah'she-o. Lacrymatio. L. 
sanguin'ea, see Dacryhsemorrhysis. 
Lacrimation, lak-re-ma'shun. Lacrymatio. 
Lac'rimatome. Lacrymatome. 
Lacrymal, lak're-mal. Relating to tears. L. ap- 
paratus, see Lacrymal passages. L. artery pro- 
ceeds from the ophthalmic and distributes its prin- 
cipal branches to the lacrymal gland. L. bone, 
unguis os. L. canal' or duct, Nasal canal or duct, is 
formed by the superior maxillary bone, os unguis, and 
os turbinatum inferius, and is seated in the outer 
paries of the nasal fossae. It transmits the tears which 
have been absorbed at the great angle of the eye by 
the puncta lacrymalia into the nasal fossae. L. car'- 
uncle, caruncula lacrymalis. L. cyst, see Dacryops. 
L. duct, lacrymal canal. L. fos'sa, slight depression 
at the upper part of the orbit, lodging the lacrymal 
gland. L. gland, this is seated in a depression of the 
frontal bone at the upper, anterior, and outer part of 
the orbit. It is about the size of an almond, of oval 
shape, flattened above and below, and composed of 
several small lobules, and consists of two distinct 
parts, the orbitar-glandula lacrymalis superior or 
orbitaria-situated in the lacrymal fossa, and the 
palpebral-glandula lacrymalis inferior or accessoria 
or palpebralis-enclosed in the substance of the upper 
eyelid. This gland has seven or eight excretory 
ducts opening behind the upper eyelid. It secretes 
the tears and pours them on the globe of the eye by 
the excretory ducts. L. groove, bony channel lodg- 
ing the lacrymal sac, seated at the anterior and 
inner part of the orbit, and formed by the os unguis 
and the ascending process of the upper jaw-bone. L. 
her'nia or tu'mor occurs when the tears enter the 
puncta, but cannot pass to the nose, and accumulate ; 
by Anel called dropsy of the lacrymal sac. L. mus'cle, 
tensor tarsi. L. nerve, smallest of the three branches 
formed by the ophthalmic nerve, distributed particu- 
larly to the lacrymal gland and upper eyelid; in its 
course giving oflf a sphenomaxillary and a malar fila- 
ment. L. papil'la, see Lacrymal puncta. L. pass'- 
ages, organs concerned in the secretion of tears, in 
spreading them over the eye, and taking them up 
again to transmit them into the nasal fossae. There 
are the lacrymal gland, L. caruncle, L. puncta, L. 
ducts, lacrymal sac, and nasal duct, together forming 
the lacrymal apparatus. L. punc'ta, tear puncta, or 
lacrymal points, two small, round, and contractile 
openings situated in the centre of a tubercle or pa- 
pilla, papilla lacrymalis, tuberculum lacrymale, near 
the inner commissure of the eyelids, and continuous 
with the lacrymal ducts. These ducts-lacrymales 
canaliculi, canales or ductus lacrymales, ductus lac- 
rymales laterales or punctorum lacrymalium, cornua 
lacrymalia or limacum, collicise punctorum lacry- 
malium, canaliculi limacum-are two in number, a 
superior and an inferior, extending from the puncta 
to the lacrymal sac. They are formed by a delicate 
prolongation of the conjunctiva, which is continuous 
with the mucous membrane of the lacrymal sac, the 
saccus or sinus or lacus lacrymalis, dacryocystis, in- 
fundibulum lacrymale. L. sac, see Lacrymal puncta. 
L. tu'bercle, see Lacrymal puncta. L. tu'mor, L. 
hernia. L. veins accompany the artery of the same 
name, and open into the ophthalmic and palpebral 
veins. 
Lacrymalis, lak-re-mal'is. Lachrymal. 
Lacrymatio, lak - re - mah' she - o. Lacrymation. LAC RY M ATI ON 
Epiphora. Profuse secretion of tears from any 
cause; weeping. I. sanguin'ea, flow of bloody tears. 
Lacrymation, lak-re-ma'shun. Lacrymatio. L., 
sanguin'eous, flow of bloody tears. 
Lacrymatome (lak're-ma-tome) or Lacrymotome, 
lak' re-mo-tome (lacryma, tome, incision). Instrument 
for cases of stricture or obstruction of the lacrymal 
glands. 
Lacrymine, lak're-meen. Substance discovered in 
tears. See Tears. 
Lactagogue, lak'ta-gog. Promoting secretion of 
milk. 
Lactalbumen, lakt-al-bu'men (lac, milk, albumen). 
Casein. 
Lactans, lak'tans (lacto, to give milk). Nursing; 
suckling. 
Lactarium, lak-tar'e-um (lac, milk). Food prepared 
from milk. Milk diet or food. 
Lacta'rius. Milky. 
Lactas, lak'tas. Lactate, salt of lactic acid. 
Lactatic, lak-tat'ik. Influencing the secretion and 
excretion of milk. 
Lactation, lak-ta'shun (lacto, to give milk). Pro- 
duction of milk. Suckling; including that by the 
mother, by another party, by hand, etc. L. cal'culus, 
see Calculi. 
Lacteal, lak'te-al. Lactic; like milk; lactiferous 
vessel. L. sac, see Lactiferous vessels. L. swell'ing, 
lactiferous swelling. L. tu'mor, galactocele. 
Lacteals, lak'te-als. Chyliferous vessels. 
Lactein, lak'te-in. Milk, solidified or condensed. 
Lactens, lak'tens (lacteo, to suck). Sucking child. 
Lacteous, lak'te-us. Lactic. 
Lactes, lak'tees. Mesentery, pancreas, small intes- 
tines. 
Lactescent, lak-tes'sent. Resembling milk. 
Lacteus, lak'te-us. Lactic. 
Lactic, lak'tik. Lacteal, milky. Appertaining to, 
or resembling or containing, milk. L. ac'id, C3H6O3, 
acidum lacticum (Ph. U. S.), acid of milk, caseic 
acid. It has been used in atonic dyspesia, being 
considered one of the gastric acids secreted in health. 
As a morbid element in rheumatism, see Rheuma- 
tism. 
Lacticans, lak'te-kans (lac, milk). Nurse. 
Lacticinium, lak-te-sin'e-um. Lactarium. 
Lacticus, lak'te-kus. Lactic. 
Lactiferous, lak-tif'er-us (lac, fero, to carry). Ga- 
lactophorous or milk-conveying. L. or Lac'teal 
swell'ing, tumefaction of the breast, supposed by 
Sir Astley Cooper to arise from a large collection 
of milk in a lactiferous tube, the result of chronic 
inflammation of the tube near the nipple, with clos- 
ure of its aperture and obliteration of the canal for 
an inch or more. L. ves'sels or ducts, galactopho- 
rous ducts, excretory ducts of the mammary gland, 
each of which, running toward the nipple, dilates 
beneath the areola into an elongated sacculus, the 
lacteal sac, receptacle, or sinus. 
Lactifuge, lak'te-fuje (lac, fugo, to drive away). 
Medicines which dispel milk. 
Lactigo, lak-te'go (lac, milk). Porrigo larvalis; 
crusta lactea. 
Lactin, lak'tin. Sugar of milk. 
Lactinated, lak'tin-a-ted. Relating or appertain- 
ing to lactin or sugar of milk, which, being hard, is 
used for the division and dilution of substances. 
Powders thus formed have been called lactinated 
powders. 
Lactinia, lak-tin-e'ah (lac, milk). Food prepared 
with milk. 
Lactipotor, lak-tip'o-tor (lac, poto, to drink). Milk- 
drinker. 
Lactis (lak'tis) concretio'nes. Knotty tumors of 
the female mamma from accumulation and retention 
of milk. L. redundan'tia, copious or excessive flow 
of milk. L. reten'tio, retention or suppression of 
milk. L. sanguinolen'ti excre'tio, secretion or ex 
cretion of blood or blood-like milk. 
Lactisugium, lak-te-su'je-um (lac, sugo, to suck). 
Breast-pump. 
611 
LACUNJE 
Lactivorous, lak-tiv'or-us (Zac, voro, to devour). 
Using a milk diet exclusively, or nearly so. 
Lactobiose, lak-to'be-ose. Galactose. 
Lactocele, lak-to-se'le (Eng. lak'to-seel) (lacto, kele, 
tumor. See Galactocele. 
Lactolin, lak'to-lin. Milk, solidified or condensed. 
Lactometer, lak-tom'et-ur (lac, metron, measure). 
Instrument for measuring the quantity of cream in 
milk. 
Lac'tone. Inflammable fluid from dry distillation 
of lactic acid. 
Lactophosphas, lak-to-fos'fas. Lactophosphate, or 
combination of lactate and phosphate of the same 
base. 
Lactophosphate (lak-to-fos'fate) of lime. Calcis 
lactophosphas. 
Lactoprotein, lak-to-pro'te-in. Albuminoid sub- 
stance precipitated by a solution of nitrate of mercury 
after removing casein from milk by acetic acid, and 
the albumen by heat. 
Lactoscope, lak'to-skope. Galactoscope. 
Lactose, lak'toze (lac, milk). Sugar of milk. 
Lactoserum, lak-to-se'rum. Whey. 
Lactosuria, lak-to-su're-ah (lactose, ouron, urine). 
Urine containing sugar of milk, observed occasion- 
ally in pregnant women. 
Lactuca, lak-tu'kah (lac, milk, so called from its 
milky juice). Lettuce, Garden lettuce, ord. Composite. 
A wholesome salad; the seeds possess a quantity of oil, 
which, in emulsion, has been advised in ardor urinae, 
etc. Lactuca (Ph. Br.) is the flowering herb of L. 
virosa. L. Canaden'sis, Canadian species ; laxative. 
L. elonga'ta, see L. virosa. L. florida'na, Mulgedium 
floridanum. L. foet'ida, L. virosa. L. grave'olens, 
L. virosa. L. mari'na, Fucus vesiculosus. L. sati'va, 
lactuca. L. scari'ola possesses a stronger degree of 
bitterness than L. sativa ; it has similar virtues with 
L. virosa. L. sylves'tris, L. scariola. L. villo'sa, 
Mulgedium acuminatum. L. viro'sa, Strong-scented 
lettuce; the odor of this plant, the leaves of which are 
used in medicine, is strongly narcotic, and the taste 
bitter. They are narcotic, diuretic, and aperient, and 
have been used in dropsies. The inspissated Lactuca- 
rium (Ph. U. S.), Lettuce opium, resembles in odor and 
appearance those of opium, and are, like it, narcotic, 
but uncertain. Dose, gr. j to x, and more. Water 
distilled from lettuce is used in France as a mild 
sedative. The active principle, Lactucin, has been 
derived from lactucarium. L. elongata, Wild lettuce of 
the United States, has been employed for L. virosa. 
Lactu'carin. Crystalline substance from lactu- 
carium. 
Lactucarium, lak-tu-ka're-um. Concrete milk-juice 
of Lactuca virosa. See Lactuca. 
Lactucimen, lak-tu'sim-en (lac, milk). Aphthae. 
Lactucimina, lak-tu-sim'in-ah. Aphthae. 
Lactucin, lak'tu-sin. See Lactuca. 
Lactumen, lak-tu'men (lac, milk). Porrigo larvalis; 
strophulus. 
Lactumina, lak-tu'min-ah. Aphthae. 
Lacuna, lak-u'nah (dim. of Lacus, lake or deep 
ditch). Fossa or ditch; small cavity in a mucous 
membrane, the parietes of which secrete a viscid 
humor; used synonymously with crypt; also the ex- 
ternal opening of such cavity. In embryology, space 
between vitellus and vitelline membrane; anterior 
fontanelle. L. cer'ebri, infundibulum of the brain; 
pituitary gland. L. cryp'ta, fontanelle. L. mag'na, 
see Urethra. L. sul'cus or sul'culus la'bii supe- 
rio'ris, hollow of the upper lip under the nose. 
Lacunae, lak-u'ne (pl. of Lacuna). See Urethra. 
L., absorption, L., Howship's. L. of bone, dark stel- 
late spots, with thread-like lines radiating from them, 
seen under high magnifying power; first believed to 
be solid osseous or bone-corpuscles or cells, Corpuscles of 
Purkinje, but now regarded as excavations in the 
bone, Sacculi chalicophori, with minute tubes or canal- 
iculi proceeding from them, and communicating with 
the Haversian canals. Lacunae and canaliculi are 
fibres concerned in the transit of nutrient fluid through 
osseous tissue. L. Graafian'ae, mucous follicles of the LACUNAR 
vagina. L., Haver'slan, L. between Haversian la- 
mellae. L., How'ship's, condition in rarefying oste- 
itis, in which the edge of the melting bone-tissue is 
broken by shallow curves or deeper semicircular ex- 
cavations, the concavity being outward, between 
every two of which there is an angular projection of 
the intervening portion of the bone. L., intervil'lous, 
sinuses of maternal portions of placenta, having free 
villi suspended in them. L. Morgagni, see Urethra. 
L. muco'sae, mucous follicles. L. muco'sae vul'vae, 
L. Graafian®. L. palpebra'rum, Meibomius, glands 
of. L. of the tongue, foramen cacum. 
Lacunar, lak-u'nar (laquear, arched roof or ceil- 
ing). Eoof of a chamber; hence L. or'bit®, roof of 
the orbit. L. ventric'uli quar'ti supe'rior, valvula 
Vieussenii. 
Lacus lacrimalis, lak'us lak-re-mah'lis. See Lacry- 
mal puncta. L. lacrymalis, lacrima'rum, or lacry- 
ma'rum (lacus, lake or cistern), small space in the 
inner angle of the eye between the lids, toward which 
the tears flow, and at which the triangular canal 
formed between the closed lids terminates. L. san- 
guin'eus, utero-placental sinus. 
Ladanum, lad-an'um. See Cistus creticus. 
La'dies' man'tle. Alchemilla. L. slip'per, showy, 
Cypripedium spectabile. L. slip'per, stemless, Cy- 
pripedium acaule. L. slip'per, yellow, Cypripedium 
luteum. L. smock, Cardamine pratensis. 
Lady Crespigny's (cres-pe'ne's) pills. See Pilulae 
aloes et kinae kinae. L. Hesketh's (hes'keth's) pills, 
see Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae. L. Webster's (web'- 
stur's) pills, see Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae and Pilulae 
aloes et mastiches. 
Ladybird (la'de-burd), Ladybug (la'de-bug), or 
Ladycow, la'de-kow. Coccinella septempunctata. 
Lady's thumb. Polygonum persicaria. 
Laedens, le'dens (laedo, to hurt). Anything hurtful 
or injurious as to the economy. 
Laemoparalysis, le-mo-par-al'is-is (laimos, pharynx'). 
Paralysis of throat or oesophagus. 
Lsemoscirrhus, le-mo-skir'rhus (laimos, pharynx, 
scirrhus). Cancer of pharynx or (esophagus. 
Lsemostenosis, le-mo-sten-o'sis (laemus, stenosis, nar- 
rowness). Narrowness of pharynx or oesophagus, from 
inflammation or from malignant disease. L. scir- 
rho'sa, scirrhous constriction of the pharynx or 
oesophagus. 
Laemus, le'mus. Pharynx, oesophagus. 
Laennec's cirrho'sis. Atrophic form of cirrhosis. 
Laesio, le'ze-o (laedo, to hurt). Lesion. L. contin'ui, 
see Continuity, solution of. 
Laetiflcantia, le-tif-e-kan'she-ah (laetifico, to make 
glad). Medicines used as cordials, in depression of 
spirits, etc. 
Laevigatio, le-ve-gah'she-o (laevis, light, smooth). 
Levigation. 
Laevitas intestinorum, le've-tas in-tes-tin-o'rum 
(laevis, smooth). Lientery; slippery serous surface of 
peritoneum. 
Laevogyre (le'vo-jire) or Laevogyrous, le-vo-ji'rus 
(lievus, left, gyrus, turn). Possessing the property of 
turning rays of polarized light to the left. 
Laevoro'tatory. Laevogyre. 
Laevulin, le'vu-lin. Synarthrose. 
Laevulose, le'vu-loze. Levulose. 
Laevulosuria, le-vu-lo-su're-ah. Condition of urine 
in which levulose is detected in it. 
La Fayette mix'ture. Compound copaiba mixture, 
containing copaiba, cubebs, liquor potass®, sweet spir- 
its of nitre, etc.; used in gonorrhcea. 
Lag teeth. Molar teeth. 
Lag'avous. Loose or lax. 
Lagena, lag'e-na (large earthen vessel). Cochlea of 
oviparous animals. 
Lagentomum, lag-en'to-mum (Iagos, hare, tome, sec- 
tion). Hare-lip. 
Lager beer. See Cerevisia. 
Lagerstraemia (lag-er-stre'me-ah) or Lagerstroemia, 
lag-er-stre'me-ah (from Lagerstroem, Swede). Genus 
of Asiatic trees; crape myrtle; Indian lilac. Several 
species are used: L. hirsu'ta, in syphilis; L. regi'- 
612 
LAMELLA 
nse (queen's flower, bloodwood), as an astringent, 
narcotic, and purgative; L. specio'sa, in stomatitis 
and as a diuretic. 
Lagnea (lag-ne'ah), Lagneia (lag-ni'ah), or Lagni'a 
(lagneia). Coition; satyriasis; sperm. 
Lagnesis, lag-na'sis (lagnes, lustful). Furor femi- 
ninus; nymphomania. L. fu'ror masculi'nus, 
satyriasis. L. salac'itas, satyriasis. 
Lagneuma, lag-nu'mah. Coition ; sperm. 
Lagnosis, lag-no'sis (lagnes, lustful). Satyriasis. 
Lagocephalous, lag-o-sef 'al-us (lagos, hare, kephale, 
head). Having head like a hare. 
Lagocheilus, lag-o-ki'lus (Iagos, hare, cheilos, lip). 
Hare-lip. 
Lagones, lag'on-ees. Flanks. 
Lagonoponos, lag-on-op'on-os (lagones, ponos, suffer- 
ing). Pleurodynia. 
Lagophthalmia (lag-of-thal'me-ah), Lagophthalmos 
(lag-of-thal'mos), or Lagophthalmus, lag-of-thal'mus 
(lagos, hare, ophthalmos, eye). Hare's eye ; vicious ar- 
rangement of the upper eyelid, which is so retracted 
that it cannot cover the globe of the eye during sleep, 
owing to paralysis of the orbicularis muscle ; condi- 
tion said to be natural in the hare when asleep. Also 
Geum urbanum. 
Lagostoma, lag-os'to-mah (lagos, hare, stoma, mouth). 
Hare-lip. 
Laguncularia (small flask) racemosa, lag-un-ku- 
lar'e-ah ras-e-mo'sah. White mangrove; white button- 
wood of America and Africa; astringent. 
Laity, la'it-e (laos, people). Formerly, the people 
as distinguished from the clergy; more frequently, 
however, employed in the sense of the people as dis- 
tinguished from those of the learned professions gen- 
erally. A layman is one of the laity. 
Lake'weed. Polygonum hydropiper. 
Lalia, lal'e-ah (speech). The voice articulated. 
Lallation, lal-la'shun. Lullaby speech; vicious 
pronunciation, especially that in which the letter / 
is improperly doubled or softened or substituted for 
r; baby talk. 
Laloneurosis, lal-o-nu-ro'sis. Neurosis or nervous 
affection of speech or of the voice. 
Lalopathy, lal-op'ath-e (lalia, pathos, disease). De- 
fect in speech or in use of the voice. 
Lalophobia, lal-o-fo'be-ah (lalia, phobos, fear). Stam- 
mering, as if from dread of using the voice. 
Laloplegia, lal-o-plej'e-ah (lalia, plege, stroke). 
Paralysis of the tongue or of articulated speech. 
Lalythrosyne, lal-ith-roz'in-e. Loss of memory. 
Lam'ac. Acacia gummi. 
Lamarckism, lam'ark-izm (from Lamarck, French 
botanist). Theory of descent of animal life and of 
vegetation from a common stock ; also opposite theory 
to that of natural selection. 
Lambda, lamb'dah. Greek letter a. Point of meet- 
ing of sagittal and lambdoid sutures, a guiding-point 
in some craniometrical examinations. 
Lambdacism, lamb'da-sism (from the Greek letter 
A, lambda). Lallation. 
Lambdoid (lamb'doid) or Lambdoi'dal (a, lambda, 
eidos, shape, resemblance). Anatomists have given 
the name L. su'ture, Sutura lambdo'idalis or lamb- 
do'ides or lambddidea or proree, to the suture formed by 
the parietal bones and the occipital, because it resem- 
bles the letter A (lambda) of the Greeks, the occipito- 
pa> •ietal suture. In this suture the ossa Wormiana 
are most frequently met with. The denticulatious 
are distinctly marked. 
Lambitivum, lam-bit-e'vum (lambo, to lick). Linctus. 
Lamb'kill. Kalmia latifolia. 
Lamb'killer. Andromeda mariana. 
Lamb's quar'ters. Chenopodium album. 
Lamella, lam-el'lah. Small plate; scab; lamina. 
L. carno'sa, portion of parietal mesoblast. L. cera- 
ti'na, portion of epiblast. L. coria'ria, portion of 
parietal mesoblast. L. medulla'ris, portion of epi- 
blast giving origin to cerebrospinal axes and organs 
of senses. L. mesenter'ica, portion of visceral meso- 
blast. L. muco'sa, portion of hypoblast. L. plan'a, 
planum os. L. renal'is, portion of blastoderm giving LAMELUE 
origin to kidneys and generative organs. L. vascu- 
lo'sa, portion of visceral mesoblast. 
Lamellae. Disks.; Gelatin disks for ophthalmic 
use, containing alkaloids, as L. atropines (Ph. Br.), 
disks of atropine, each containing gr. of sulphate 
of atropine; L. cocaines (Ph. Br.), disks, each con- 
taining gr. of hydrochlorate of cocaine; L. phy- 
sostigmines (Ph. Br.), each containing gr. of phy- 
sostigmine. L., bone, thin plates forming basis of 
bony tissue. L., bronch'ial, lamellae or mucous folds 
of the gills of fishes. L., cerebel'lar, laminae of the 
cerebellum. L., concen'tric or Haver'sian, osseous 
plates around Haversian canal. L., crib'riform, 
lamina cribrosa. L., invest'ing, L., concentric. L., 
med'ullary. bony lamellae constituting wall of med- 
ullary cavity of some bones. L., os'seous, L., bone. 
L., perineu'ral, L. of areolar tissue around a nerve. 
L., trian'gular, fibrous lamina between choroid 
plexus of third ventricle. 
Lamellar (la-mel'lar), Lam'ellate, or Laminated. 
Composed of thin laminae or leaves, as lamellar or 
laminated tissue; areolar tissue. 
Lame'ness. The act of halting or limping. L., 
u'terine, a condition of the lower extremity induced 
by pressure on the nerves situate within the pelvis. 
Lamina, lam'in-ah (a plate). A thin, flat part of 
a bone, plate, or table, as the cribriform lamina or 
plate of the ethmoid bone. Lamina and lamella are 
generally used synonymously, although the latter is 
properly a diminutive of the former. L. ax'ilis, axial 
plate. L., Bow'man's, Bowman's layer. L. central'is, 
folium centrale. L. chorol'dea, choroid plexus; sep- 
tum lucidum. L. cilia'ris, ciliary zone; zonula of Zinn. 
L. cine'rea, thin layer of gray substance between 
corpus callosum and optic chiasm; striatum cinereum. 
L. concha'rum, inner portion of lateral masses of 
ethmoid bones. L. connec'tens, posterior cerebral 
commissure. L. cor'nea, a yellowish band or a 
thickening of the lining membrane of the ventricle, 
by which the vena corporis striata is overlaid in the 
lateral ventricle of the brain; pons Tarini; taenia 
fornicis. L. Cor'tii, membrana tectoria. L. cribri- 
for'mis, cribriform plate of ethmoid. L. cribro'sa, 
portion of sclerotic coat of eye for passage of optic 
nerve; anterior perforated space; anterior portion of 
fossula inferior. L. cribro'sa cer'ebri, grayish-white 
lamina in front of anterior extremity of optic tract. 
L. cribro'sa me'dia, middle part of fossula inferior. 
L. cribro'sa oc'uli, L. cribrosa. L. denta'ta, fascia 
dentata. L. denticula'ta, a remarkable covering of 
the outer fifth of the vestibular surface of the osseous 
zone, called denticulata from a beautiful series of 
teeth forming its outer margin and projecting into 
the vestibular scala of the cochlea. The membrane 
of Reissner, membrana vestibularis, arises from the 
inner part of the limbus, and extends upward at a 
considerable angle with the osseous spiral lamina. L. 
dermal'is, L. gastralis. L., elas'tic, Bowman de- 
scribes an anterior and a posterior elastic lamina in- 
vesting the fibrous part of the cornea, the former 
transparent, glossy, and structureless, the latter the 
membrane of Demours or Descemet; see Aqueous 
humor. L., fibrocuta'neous, parietal mesoblast. L., 
fibrointes'tinal, visceral mesoblast. L. fus'ca, see 
Sclerotic. L. fus'ca of cho'roid, see Choroidea tunica. 
L. gastral'is, epiblast previous to development of 
mesoblast. L. gen'u, small lamina from genu of cor- 
pus callosum forming floor of septum pellucidum; 
lamina to pituitary body. L., gray, L. cinerea. L. 
gris'ea, gray column of spinal cord. L. mastoi'dea, 
basal plate of mastoid process of temporal bone. L. 
medulla'ris, layer of nerve-fibres in embryo which 
afterward become external layer of cortex of brain ; 
medullary layer of denticular nucleus; valve of 
Vieussens. L. medulla'ris triangula'ris cer'ebri, 
lyra. L. modi'oli, L. spiralis ossea. L. neuroder- 
ma'lis, epiblast. L., nu'clear, nuclear layer. L., ob'- 
turator, L. cinerea. L., ol'ivary, olivary body. L. 
papyra'cea, planum os. L. perfora'ta, ante'rior, 
locus perforatus anticus. L. perfora'ta, poste'rior, 
see Tarini, pons. L. peritonae'i exter'na, outer lamiua 
613 
LAMIUM 
or fold of the peritoneum. L. peritonae'i Interna, 
visceral layer of same. L. pigmen'ti, fine membrane 
between choroid and retina. L. pri'ma cu'tis, epi- 
dermis. L. quadrigem'ina, gray matter constituting 
roof of aqueduct of Sylvius. L. reticula'ris or retic- 
ula'ta, see Corti. L. semicircula'ris, white nervous 
layer between thalamus opticus and corpus striatum. 
L. spiral'is, a partition between the scalae of the coch- 
lea. The largest part of this, next the modiolus, is 
formed of bone. The remainder, or part next the op- 
posite side of the scalae, is composed of a cartilaginous 
membrane called by Valsalva Zona or Zonula cochleae. 
By some anatomists the lamina is divided into a Zona 
ossea and Z. mollis. By others it is considered to 
consist of four laminae: Zona ossea, next to the modi- 
olus ; Z. coriacea or choriacea or mediana or nervia, on 
the outer side of this; Z. vesicularis; and Z. mem- 
branacea, which is, perhaps, the lining membrane of 
the cochlea. The middle portion of the membranous 
zone, between the inner and the outer clear belt, is 
the portio or zona or habenula pectinata. At the 
apex of the cochlea the lamina spiralis terminates by 
a pointed, hook-shaped process, hamulus or rostrum. 
The crista spiralis is the portion of the tympanal wall 
of the ductus cochlearis resting on the lamina spira- 
lis, and is continuous with the membrana basilaris. 
L. spiral'is membrana'cea, see Corti and Membrane, 
basilar. L. suprachorioi'dea, external layer of cho- 
roid. L. tecto'ria, inferior lemniscus. L. termina'- 
lis, L. cinerea. L. transver'sa, vermis superior pos- 
terior. L. triangula'rls, triangular portion of great 
wing of sphenoid. L. tympan'ica, anterior bony wall 
of tympanum and external auditory meatus. L., 
vas'cular, endochorion. L. velamento'sa, see Corti, 
organ of. L. of ver'tebra, broad, flat part of its arch; 
see Vertebra. L. vit'rea, internal table of skull. L., 
vit'reous, membrane lining interior of choroid coat 
of the eye. 
Lam'inae arcua'tae. Arciform fibres. L. of cere- 
bel'lum, laminae of white matter covered with gray 
matter passing outward from centre of white matter. 
L. cran'ii, tables of the skull. L. dorsa'les, dorsal 
laminae; two oval masses on each side of the primi- 
tive groove of the embryo, which approach to form a 
groove in which are lodged the future brain and spi- 
nal marrow. L. spongio'sae na'si, turbinated bones. 
L. ventra'les or viscera'les, thickened prolongations 
of the serous layer of the germinal membrane, by 
their union forming the anterior wall of the trunk of 
the new being. L. vertebra'les, vertebral plates. 
Laminage, lam-in-azh' (Fr.). Compression of foetal 
skull with a view of flattening the head for easy de- 
livery. 
Laminar membrane, lam'in-ar mem'brane. See 
Membrane, laminar. 
Laminaria (lam-in-ar'e-ah) con'ica or digitata, 
dij-e-tat'ah. Tangle, Sea tangle, Sea girdle, Sea wand, 
Cairn-tangle, Dead man's toe, Oar weed. One of the 
Algae eaten in Scotland, and hawked about the streets 
with the pepper dulse. It contains a large amount of 
iodine. Tents and bougies are made of it, the tents 
being employed in stricture of the lacrymal pas- 
sages and to dilate the neck of the uterus. The leaf 
of a seaweed-species of Laminaria-is employed in 
the Himalayas under the name of goitre leaf, because 
chewed by the inhabitants where goitre prevails. 
Laminated, lam'in-a-ted. Lamellar or laminar. 
Lamina'tion. Condition of being arranged in 
laminae or layers. Cutting up the foetal skull in 
slices in embryotomy. 
Lamine, lam'een. Alkaloid from Lamium album. 
Haemostatic. Used hypodermically in form of sul- 
phate. 
Laminectomy, lam-in-ek'to-me {lamina, ektome, ex- 
cision). Excision or removal of laminae of a vertebra. 
Laminitis, lam-in-e'tis. Inflammation of a lamina. 
Acute inflammation of the laminae of the hoof of lower 
animals. 
Lamium album, lah'me-um album {lama, ditch or 
bog). Dead or white archangel nettle, ord. Labiatae. 
Infusions of this plant have been used in uterine LAMPROPHONUS 
hemorrhage and leucorrhoea. L. amplexicaul'e, 
dead nettle, henbit; naturalized ; flowering from May 
to October; tonic, diaphoretic, and laxative. L. fo- 
lio'sum, L. album. L. monta'num, Melittis melisso- 
phyllum. L. Plin'ii, Melittis melissophyllum. L. 
ru'brum, galeopsis. 
Lamprophonus, lam-pro-fo'nus {lampros, clear, 
phone, voice). Having a clear, distinct voice. 
Lampsana, lamp-san'ah. Lapsana. 
Lampyris (lam'pir-is) noctil'uca {lampo, shine, oura, 
tail). Cicindela. 
Lana philosophorum (lan'ah fil-os-o-fo'rum) or 
philosophica (wool of philosophers). Zinci oxidum. 
Lanaria, lan-ar'e-ah {lana, wool). Saponaria, Ver- 
bascum nigrum. 
Lancelet, lans'let. Lancet. 
Lanceola, lan-se'o-lah. Lancet. 
Lanceolate, lan'se-o-late {lanceola, small spear). 
Having the shape of a small spear. 
Lancet, lan'set {lancea, lance or spear). Surgical 
instrument used in phlebotomy, scarification, etc., 
composed of two parts-handle and blade. The 
handle is made of two small plates of ivory, bone, or 
shell movable on the blade, for whose preservation 
they are intended. The blade is formed of well- 
polished steel. The employment of a lancet for open- 
ing abscesses, etc. is called Lancing. 
Lancinating, lan'sin-a-ting {lancino, to strike or 
thrust through). Species of pain which consists in 
lancinations or shootings similar to those that would 
be produced by the introduction of a sharp instru- 
ment into the suffering part. In cancer especially 
this kind of pain is felt. 
Lancing, lan'sing. See Lancet. L. the gums, see 
Gum lancet. 
Lancisi (lan-che'se), nerves of. Striae longitudina- 
les. See Corpus callosum. 
Lan'dry's disease or paralysis. See Paralysis, 
acute ascending. 
Land-scurvy. Purpura haemorrhagica. 
Lanes'sin. Preparation similar to lanolin, derived 
from wool-fat. 
Lan'gerhaus, cells of. Cells of epithelium consti- 
tuting the simplest forms of terminations of nerves. 
Lan'gier's her'nia. Hernia across Gimbernat's 
ligament. 
Lan'guage cen'tre. See Centre and Aphasia. 
Languor, lan'gwor. Faintness; species of atony, 
depression, or debility, generally coming on slowly. 
Laniarii dentes, lan-e-ar'e-e den'tees {lanio, to tear). 
Canine teeth. 
Lanoleum, lan-o'le-um. Lanolin. 
Lanolin, lan'ol-in {lana, wool, oleum, oil). Choles- 
terin fat obtained from sheep's wool; whitish, odor- 
less substance, forming an excellent basis for oint- 
ments ; it readily passes through the skin. 
Lantana, lan-tan'ah. Sagetree, Blueberry. Leaves 
of this indigenous plant form a fine-scented tea, like 
D. camara, or Bahama tea, and L. pseudothea, or 
Brazil tea. The tea is used as a diaphoretic; several 
species of Lantana are employed for their diuretic 
and diaphoretic effects. From L. Brasiliensis the 
alkaloid Lantanine has been obtained, used as an 
antipyretic. 
Lantanine, lan'tan-een. Alkaloid from Lantana 
Brasiliensis, Yerba santa; antiperiodic and anti- 
pyretic. 
Lanthopia (lan-tho'pe-ah) or Lanthopine, lanth'- 
o-pin {lanthano, to remain concealed, opium). Alka- 
loid, C2.3H25NO.1, homologous with papaverine, in white 
prism. See Porphyroxin. 
Lanugo, lan-u'go {lana, wool). Soft, fine hair on 
different parts of the body, especially in the young, 
or in the foetus from the fifth month; down. L. 
pri'ma, the first beard. L. pudendo'rum, pubes. L. 
sil'iquse hirsu'tse, see Dolichos pruriens. 
Lanuvium, lan-u've-um {lana, wool). Vulva. 
Laos, lab'os. Tin. 
Lapactic, lap-ak'tik {lapazo, to evacuate). Cathar- 
tic, laxative. 
Lapagma, lap-ag'mah. Evacuation. 
614 
LAPAROSCOPE 
Lapara, lap'ar-ah. Flanks, loins, abdomen; diar- 
rhoea. 
Laparectomy, lap-ar-ek'tom-e (lapara, ektome, ex- 
cision). Enterectomy. 
Laparenterotomy, lap-ar-en-ter-ot'om-e. Laparo- 
enterotomy. 
Laparocatarrhus, lap-ar-o-kat-ar'rhus. Catarrh of 
the intestines. 
Laparocele, lap-ar-o-se'le (Eng. lap'ar-o-seel) (lapara, 
kele, rupture). Lumbar hernia, through separation of 
the fibres of the quadratus lumborum, and protrusion 
of the aponeurosis of the transverse muscle on the 
outside of the mass common to the sacrolumbalis and 
longissimus dorsi; abdominal hernia. 
Laparocholecystotomy, lap-ar-o-kol-e-sis-tot'om-e 
(lapara, chole, gall, kustis, bladder, tome, incision). 
Abdominal section to open the gall-bladder. 
Laparoclysis, lap-ar-ok'lis-is (lapara, klusis, wash- 
ing out). Washing out the peritoneal cavity. 
Laparocolectomy, lap-ar-o-kol-ek'tom-e (lapara, 
colon, ektome, excision). Colectomy. Excision of the 
colon through the abdominal wall. 
Laparocolotomy, lap-ar-o-kol-ot'om-e (lapara, colon, 
tome, incision). Abdominal incision and operation on 
the colon. 
Laparocolpotomy, lap-ar-o-kolp-ot'om-e (lapara, 
kolpos, vagina, tome, incision). Laparo-elytrotomy. 
Laparocystectomy, lap-ar-o-sist-ek'tom-e (lapara, 
kustis, cyst, ektome, excision). Operation by abdominal 
incision for removal of cystic tumor. 
Laparocystidotomy (lap-ar-o-sist-id-ot'om-e) or 
Laparocystotomy, lap-ar-o-sist-ot'om-e. Suprapubic 
lithotomy. See Lithotomy. Laparotomy for removal 
of extra-uterine foetus. 
Laparo-elytrotomy, lap-ar-o-el-it-rot'om-e (lapara, 
elutron, vagina, tome, section). Gastro-elytrotomy. 
Operation for extraction of the foetus by abdominal 
incision in cases of deformity. Caesarean section. 
Laparo-enterotomy, lap-ar-o-en-ter-ot'om-e (lapara, 
enter on, intestine, tome, incision). Operation of open- 
ing the abdomen and intestinal canal for the removal 
of disease. 
Laparogastrotomy, lap-ar-o-gas-trot'om-e (lapara, 
gaster, stomach, tome, incision). Gastrotomy. 
Laparohysterectomy, lap-ar-o-his-ter-ek'tom-e (la- 
para, hustera, uterus, ektome, excision). Operation for 
removal of the uterus through the abdominal wall. 
Laparohystero-oophorectomy, lap-ar-o-his'ter-o- 
o-o-fer-ek'tom-e. Caesarean section; C. hysterectomy; 
Porro's operation. 
Laparohysteropexy, lap-ar-o-hys'ter-o-peks-e (la- 
para, hystera, uterus). Fixation of the uterus by ope- 
ration, as in prolapsus uteri, that organ being attached 
anteriorly to the abdominal wall. 
Laparohysterotomy, lap-ar-o-his-ter-ot'om-e. Ope- 
ration on uterus through abdominal wall. 
Laparo-ileotomy, lap'ar-o-il-e-ot'om-e (lapara, ileum, 
tome, incision). Operation of opening the ileum by 
incision through the abdominal wall. 
Laparokolpotomy, lap-ar-o-kol-pot'om-e (lapara, kol- 
pos, vagina, tome, incision). Laparo-elytrotomy. 
Laparomyitis, lap-ar-o-me-e'tis (lapara, mus, 
muscle). Inflammation of a muscle of the abdomen. 
Laparomyomectomy (lap-ar-o-mi-om-ek'tom-e) or 
Laparomyomotomy, lap-ar-o-mi-om-ot'om-e (lapara, 
mus, muscle, ektome, excision, or tome, incision). Ope- 
ration for removal of myoma or muscular tumor by 
incision through the abdominal wall. 
Laparonephrectomy, lap-ar-o-nef-rek'tom-e (lapara, 
nephros, kidney, ektome, excision). Excision of kid- 
ney by operation through the abdominal wall. 
Laparonephrotomy, lap-ar-o-nef-rot'om-e (lapara, 
nephros, kidney, tome, incision). Nephrotomy by ope- 
ration through abdominal wall. 
Laparosalplngectomy, lap-ar-o-sal-pin-gek'tom-e 
(lapara, salpinx, tube, tome, incision). Operation by 
abdominal incision for removal of Fallopian tube. 
Laparosalpingotomy, lap-ar-o-sal-pin-got'om-e. 
Operation upon Fallopian tube through abdominal 
wall. Laparosalpingectomy. 
Laparoscope, lap'ar-o-skope (lapara, skopeo, to see). LAPAROSPLEN ECTOMY 
Instrument for inspection or examination of the abdo- 
men, Laparoscopy. 
Laparosplenectomy, lap-ar-o-splen-ek'tom-e. Splen- 
ectomy ; excision of the spleen by abdominal incision. 
Laparosplenotomy, lap-ar-o-splen-ot'om-e. Ope- 
ration upon the spleen through the abdominal wall. 
Laparotome, lap'ar-o-tome. Instrument designed 
for laparotomy. 
Laparotomist, lap-ar-ot'om-ist. One who performs 
laparotomy. 
Laparotomy, lap-ar-ot'om-e. Operation on any 
abdominal viscus or cavity through the abdominal 
wall. Gastrotomy. Cceliotomy is a more correct 
term, as expressing an operation on the abdomen. 
The peritoneum may or may not be cut. 
Laparotyphlotomy, lap-ar-o-tif-lot'om-e (lapara, 
tuphlos, blind, tome, incision). Typhlotomy or opera- 
tion on the caecum through the abdominal wall. 
Laparysterot'omy. Laparohysterotomy. 
Lapathin, lap'ath-in. Chrysophanic acid. 
Lapathum (lap'ath-um) acu'tum. Eumex acutus. 
L. aquat'icum, Eumex hydrolapathum. L., Chinese, 
rheum. L. horten'se, Eumex patientia. L. orien- 
ta'le, rheum. L. praten'se, Eumex acetosus. L. 
sanguin'eum, Eumex sanguineus. L. scuta'tum, 
Eumex scutatus. L. sylves'tre, Eumex acutus, E. 
obtusifolius. L. unctuo'sum, Chenopodium bonus 
Henricus. 
Lapathus, lap'ath-us. Eumex acutus. Lapathum. 
Lapaxis, lap-aks'is. Evacuation. 
Lape, lah'pe. Mucus. 
Laph'a. Arum maculatum. 
Lapidillum, lap-id-il'lum (lapis, stone). Scoop for 
extracting stone from the bladder. 
Lapillation, lap-il-la'shun (lapillus, small stone). 
Lithiasis; lithogenesis. 
Lapilli (lap-il'li) glan'dulse pinea'lis. See Pineal 
gland. 
Lapillus, lap-il'lus (dim. of Lapis, stone). Small 
stone; gravel; grain of sand. 
Lapis, lap'is. Calculus. L. accip'itrum, hiera- 
tites. L. aero'sus, calamina. L. ammoni'aci, see 
Ammoniac gum. L. anima'lis, blood. L. Arme'nius, 
see Melochitis. L. aur'eus, urine. L. bezoard'icus, 
bezoar. L cseru'leus, cupri sulphas. L. calamina'- 
ris, calamina. L. carne'olus, cornelian. L. caust'- 
icus, potassa cum calce, potassa fusa. L. coll'ymus, 
see Aftites. L. contrayer'vae, pulvis contrayervse com- 
posites. L. cy'anus, L. lazuli. L. divi'nus, cuprum 
aluminatum; employed to make an eye-water. L. 
fulmin'eus, see Ceraunion. L. hemati'tes, haematites. 
L. heracle'us, magnet. L. inferna'lis, argenti nitras. 
L. inferna'lis alkali'nus, potassa fusa. L. inferna'- 
lis sep'ticus, potassa cum calce. L. Juda'icus, 
Judaeus (lapis). L. laz'uli, stone of a beautiful blue 
color, opaque ; composed of silex, alumina, carbonate 
and sulphate of lime, oxide of iron, and water ; for- 
merly regarded as purgative and emetic, and given in 
epilepsy. L. Malucen'sis, bezoard of the Indian 
porcupine. L. mitiga'tus, nitrate of silver, mitigated 
or diluted with potassium nitrate. L. naut'icus, 
magnet. L. ophthal'micus, L. divinus. L. ophthal'- 
micus St. Ivesii, L. divinus. L. Phcenici'tes, Judaeus 
(lapis). L. porci'nus, bezoard of the Indian porcu- 
pine. L. prunel'lae, potassae nitras fusus sulphatis 
paucillo mixtus. L. pu'micis, pumex. L. sar'dius, 
cornelian. L. sep'ticus, causticum commune, po- 
tassa fusa. L. specula'ris, septum lucidum. L. 
syderi'tis, magnet. L. Syri'acus, Judaeus (lapis). 
L. vi'ni, potassae supertartras impurus. 
Lappa, lap'pah (Ph. U. S.) (labo, to lay hold of). 
Arctium lappa, Galium aparine, lippitudo. L. glab'- 
ra or ma'Jor, burdock; root is diaphoretic and diu- 
retic ; used in syphilis, scrofula, and skin diseases. 
L. mi'nor, xanthium. 
Lappula hepatica, lap'pu-lah hep-at'ik-ah. Agri- 
mony. 
Lapsana, lap'san-ah. Dockcresses, Swine's cress, Nip- 
plewort. This plant is a lactescent bitter, and has 
been chiefly employed as an external application to 
sore nipples, skin diseases, etc. 
615 
LARYNGEAL 
Lap'sus. Falling. L. pilo'rum, falling of hairs; 
alopecia. L. un'guium, falling off of nails, etc. 
Laquear, lak'we-ar (arched roof ot ceiling). 
Vault; fornix; lacunar. L. vagi/nse, part of the va- 
gina in which the cervix uteri terminates; see Vagina. 
Laquearia, lak-we-ar'e-ah. Corpus callosum. 
Laqueus, lak'we-us (noose, snare). Cord, ligature, 
or handage, with running knots; a noose or loop; a 
fillet; bandage or fillet of any kind attached by means 
of a loop upon any part, with the view of fixing it, 
as in labor where a hand or foot presents, or to facili- 
tate extension in luxations and fractures. A promi- 
nent band in the brain, Lemniscus, behind the brach- 
ium posterius of the corpora quadrigemina, marking 
the course of the superior division of the fasciculus 
olivaris. L. cer'ebri, lemniscus; see Laqueus. L. 
gut'turis (noose of the throat), violent inflammation 
of the tonsils, in which the patient appears as if suffo- 
cated by a noose; gangrenous cynanche. L. pedun'- 
culi, lemniscus; see Laqueus. L. umbilica'lis, um- 
bilical cord. 
Larch. Pinus larix. 
Lard. Adeps, A. suillus, A. praeparatus. L., benz- 
zoated, unguentum benzoini. L., prepared, adeps 
praeparatus. 
Lardacein, lar-das'e-in. An animal proteid occur- 
ring in amyloid degenerations of different organs. 
Lardaceous, lar-da'shus. Epithet given to cer- 
tain organic alterations in the textures, whose 
aspect and consistence resemble lard or wax, con- 
stituting lardaceous or cholesterine disease, larda- 
ceous, waxy, cellulose, colloid, hyaloid, vitreous, albu- 
minoid or albuminous, and amyloid degeneration or 
infiltration, bacony disease, Virchow's degeneration, 
morbus lardaceus or amyloides or cereus; from their 
waxy appearance also called ceroma. It appears to be 
an exudation from the blood, being found always in- 
timately associated with the blood-vessels; the organs 
most apt to be affected are the liver, kidneys, spleen, 
and lymphatic glands, but it may occur in any soft 
part. 
Lardeus (lard'e-us) or Lardiform, lard'e-form. 
Lardaceous. 
Lardum (lar'dum) or Laridum, lar'id-um. Adeps. 
Lar'icin. Agaricin. 
Lar'icis cor'tex (Ph. U. S.). Bark of Pinus larix. 
Larinoid, lar'in-oid (larinos, fat, eidos, resemblance). 
Resembling lard; lardaceous. 
Lar'ix. Pinus larix. L. America'na, Hackmatack, 
Tamarack; the bark of this N. American tree is 
diuretic. L. commu'nis, Pinus larix. L. decid'ua, 
Pinus larix. L. Europse'a, Pinus larix. L. pyra- 
mida'lis, Pinus larix. 
Larkspur (lark'spur), branching. Delphinium 
consolida. 
Larrea (lar're-a) glutino'sa or Mexicana, meks-e- 
kan'ah (after J. A. de Larrea, Spanish savant). 
Creasote plant, ord. Zygophyllaceee. A shrub grow- 
ing in South-western United States and Northern 
Mexico, abounding in strong-scented resinous matter ; 
used externally and internally in rheumatism and 
syphilitic and other pains. 
Larva, lar'vah (mask). Larve, grub, or vermiform 
condition of an insect; first change it experiences 
after leaving the ovum. Larves of insects are occa- 
sionally developed in the intestinal canal from ova 
swallowed. See Ectozoa. 
Larvaceous (lar-va'shus) or Lar'val. Masked; 
term applied to fevers, larvaceous fevers; to gout, 
larvaceous gout, arthritis larvata, etc. See Masked. 
Giving the face an appearance like a mask, as in 
some skin diseases. 
Larviparous, lar-vip'ar-us. Ovoviviparous. 
Laryngalgia, lar-in-gal'je-ah. Neuralgia of the 
larynx. 
Laryngeal (lar-in-je'al). Relating to or belonging 
to the larynx, as L. nerves, etc. L. ar'teries are 
given off from the thyroid arteries. The superior 
thyroid artery has also been called laryngeal a. L. 
cough, cough, perhaps of nervous form, from the 
larynx, but not from lung disease. L. cri'sis, acute LARYNGECHE 
spasm of the larynx in tabes dorsalis ; see Crises. L. 
diseases, see Larynx, diseases of. L. nerves are two 
in number-superior and inferior. The superior 
laryngeal nerve is given off from the trunk of the 
pneumogastric, at the upper and deep part of the 
neck; it passes downward and inward, behind the 
internal carotid artery, and divides into two second- 
ary branches: one, external, distributing its fila- 
ments on the outside of the larynx to the sterno- 
thyroid, hyothyroid, constrictor inferior, cricothy- 
roid muscles, etc.; the other, internal, crosses the 
thyrohyoid membrane and gives filaments to the epi- 
glottis, the mucous membrane of the pharynx and lar- 
ynx, to the arytenoid gland, the arytenoid and crico- 
thyroid muscles, and ultimately intermingles with 
the inferior laryngeal nerve. The inferior laryngeal 
nerves or recurrents arise from the trunk of the 
pneumogastric within the thorax ; ascend in the fur- 
row separating the trachea from the oesophagus, to be 
distributed on the neck after having been reflected- 
the left around the arch of the aorta, the right 
around the corresponding subclavian. L. paral'ysis, 
paralysis of muscles connected with the larynx. L. 
phthi'sis, phthisis, laryngeal. L. pouch'es, small culs- 
de-sac leading from the anterior part of each ventricle 
of the larynx upward, between the superior ligaments 
on the inner side and the thyroid cartilage on the 
outer, reaching as high as the upper border of that 
cartilage at the sides of the epiglottis. L. sound, 
sound heard in respiration through the larynx. L. 
spaces, the three cavities into which the larynx is 
divisible. L. veins open into the internal jugular. 
L. voice, see Voice. 
Laryngeche, lar-in-je'ke (laryngo, eche, sound). 
Laryngeal sound heard through the stethoscope dur- 
ing breathing and speaking. 
Laryngectomy, lar-in-jek'to-me {larynx, ektome, ex- 
cision). Operation for excision or extirpation of the 
larynx. 
Laryngemphraxis, lar-in-jem-fraks'is {laryngo, em- 
phraxis, obstruction). Obstruction of the larynx. 
Laryn'gic. Laryngeal. 
Laryngismus, lar-in-jiz'mus. Spasm of the glottis, 
giving occasion to contraction or closure of the open- 
ing. Laryngeal vertigo. L. paralyt'icus, paralysis 
of recurrent laryngeal nerve in horses; " roaring " 
results. L. strid'ulus, spurious croup or pseudo- 
croup ; asthma thymicum ; laryngospasm. 
Laryngitis, lar-in-je'tis. Inflammation of the lar- 
ynx ; inflammation of mucous membrane of larynx. 
This disease in some meaure resembles croup, but is 
usually devoid of the peculiar sonorous inspiration of 
the latter. There is pain upon pressing the larynx, 
and while laryngitis is a disease of more advanced 
life, croup attacks children. Membraniform exuda- 
tion is also absent, probably because, the inflammation 
being seated above the glottis, the coagulable lymph is 
readily expectorated. It requires the most active 
treatment. Various forms of laryngitis have been 
described, such as catarrhal laryngitis, acute and 
chronic; chronic glandular laryngitis, or follicular 
disease of the larynx, dysphonia clericorum or clergy- 
men's sore throat; phthisical laryngitis, or laryngeal 
phthisis, diffuse cellular laryngitis, acute cedematous 
laryngitis, gouty laryngitis, etc. Simple laryngitis is 
called by some mucous laryngitis, laryngitis acuta or 
mucosa acuta, to distinguish it from submucous lar- 
yngitis or oedema of the glottis. Chronic laryngitis 
may be a form of laryngeal phthisis, but may exist 
independently. L. acu'ta, laryngitis; see Larynx, 
diseases of (table). L., atroph'ic, chronic laryngitis 
with glandular atrophy of part affected. L., catar'- 
rhal, see Laryngitis. L., chron'ic, see Phthisis laryn- 
gea and Larynx, diseases of (table). L., chron'ic fol- 
lic'ular, see Laryngitis. L. croupo'sa, croup. L., 
desic'cative, L., dry. L., diffuse' cel'lular, diffuse 
inflammation of laryngeal cellular tissue, with effu- 
sion of lymph or pus into subjacent or adjacent tis- 
sues ; a dangerous affection. L., diphtherit'ic, croup; 
diphtheria of larynx. L., dry, laryngitis attended with 
cough, aphonia, and heat, but without increased secre- 
616 
I LARYNGOSCOPE 
tion ; dry granular inflammation of larynx. L. exu- 
dati'va, croup. L., fe'tid, L. with croupy exudation 
on the mucous membrane. L., follic'ular or gland'- 
ular, L. affecting especially the follicles or glands. 
L., hypertrophic, chronic laryngitis with glandular 
hypertrophy of part affected. L., in'fantile, croup. 
L. membrana'cea, croup. L., mock, affection of the 
larynx due to hysteria. L. muco'sa acu'ta, laryn- 
gitis. L., mu'cous, laryngitis (simple). L., cedem'- 
atous, cedema of the glottis. L., phleg'monous, in- 
flammation of submucous connective tissue of larynx, 
with cedema, abscess, etc. L., phthisical, L., tubercu- 
lar. L. polypo'sa, croup; L. with polypous growths. 
L. pseudomembrana'cea, croup. L. seropurulen'ta, 
oedema of the glottis. L., se'rous, cedema of larynx. 
L., sim'ple, see Laryngitis. L. spasmodlca, see C'y- 
nanche trachealis. L., subglot'tic, inflammation of 
vocal cords. L., submu'cous, cedema of the glottis. 
L., suf'focative, L., oedematous; croup; diphtheria 
of larynx. L., syphilitic, see Larynx, diseases of 
(table). L. et trachei'tis chronica, see Phthisis lar- 
yngea. L. et trachei'tis infantilis, croup. L., tuber'- 
cular, tuberculosis of larynx, laryngeal phthisis, with 
characteristic local and constitutional symptoms of 
tubercular infection; see Larynx, diseases of (table). 
Laryngo, lar-in'go. In composition, larynx. 
Laryngocace, lar-in-gok'as-e (laryngo, .kakos, bad). 
Croup; cynanche trachealis. 
Laryngocatarrhus, lar-in-go-kat-ar'rhus. Catarrh 
affecting the larynx and trachea. 
Laryngocentesis, lar-in-go-sen-ta'sis (laryngo, ken- 
tesis, puncturing). Operation of puncture of larynx. 
Laryngo-et-tracheo-phthisis, lar-in'go-et-trak'e-o- 
te'sis. Laryngeal phthisis. 
Laryngofission (lar-in-go-fish'un) or Laryngofis- 
sure, lar-in-go-fis'shur (laryngo, findo,fissum, to cleave). 
Operation of opening or separating cartilages of 
larynx for removal of large intralaryngeal growths, 
thus causing a laryngofissure. 
Laryngography, lar-in-gog'raf-e (laryngo, graphe, a 
description). Anatomical or physiological description 
of the larynx. 
Laryngology, lar-in-gol'o-je (laryngo, logos, dis- 
course). Treatise on the larynx; anatomy or phys- 
iology of the larynx. 
Laryngometry, lar-in-gom'et-re (laryngo, metron, 
measure). Measurement of the larynx. 
Laryngonecrosis, lar-in-go-nek-ro'sis. Necrosis of 
cartilages of larynx. 
Laryngoparalysis, lar-in-go-par-al'is-is. Paralysis 
of the larynx. See Aphonia. 
Laryngopathy, lar-in-gop'ath-e (laryngo, pathos, dis- 
ease). Disease of the larynx. 
Laryngophantom, lar-in-go-fan'tom (laryngo, phan- 
tos, visible). Papier-mache model or apparatus of 
the larynx for practising examination of that organ. 
Laryngopharyngeal, lar-in-go-far-in-je'al. Relat- 
ing to larynx and pharynx. 
Laryngopharyngeus, lar-in-go-far-in-je'us. Con- 
strictor pharyngis inferior muscle. 
Laryngophony, lar-in-gof'on-e (laryngo, phone, 
voice). Laryngeal voice; tracheal voice. Sound heard 
in health, when the stethoscope is placed over the 
larynx when a person speaks. The voice appears to 
pass immediately up to the ear of the auscultator. 
Tracheophony-a sound similarly heard over the tra- 
chea-is more intense. See Pectoriloquy. 
Laryngophthisis, lar - in - go - te' sis. Laryngeal 
phthisis. 
Laryngoplasty, lar-in'go-plas-te (laryngo, plasso, 
to form). Plastic operation on the larynx. 
Laryngoplegia, lar-in-go-plej'e-ah (laryngo, plege, 
stroke). Paralysis of the larynx. 
Laryngorrhagia, lar-in-gor-rhah'je-ah. Hemor- 
rhage of larynx. 
Laryngorrhoea, lar-in-gor-rhe'a (laryngo, rheo, to 
flow). Abnormal mucous discharge from the larynx. 
Laryngoscope, lar-in'go-skope. Larynx speculum, 
speculum laryngis. Instrument on the same princi- 
ple as the ophthalmoscope, which, by means of a mir- 
ror, enables the larynx to be inspected. Glottiscope. LARYNGOSCOPIC 
Laryngoscopic, lar-in-go-skop'ik (laryngo, skopeo, to 
view). Relating to the laryngoscope or examination 
of larynx. 
Laryngoscopy, lar-in-gos'kop-e (same etymon). Use 
of the laryngoscope; inspection of the larynx. When 
self-examination is practised it is called autolaryn- 
goscopy. 
Laryngospasm, lar-in'go-spazm. Spasm of the 
larynx. Asthma thymicum or laryngismus strid- 
ulus. Spasmodic croup. 
Laryngospasmopsellismus, lar-in-go-spas-mo-sel- 
liz'mus (larynyo, spasmos,, spasm, psellismus, stammer- 
ing). Spasmodic stammering audible in the larynx, 
without ability to use the voice orally. When tetanic 
in character it is called Laryngotetanopsellismus. 
Laryngostasis, lar-in-gos'tas-is (laryngo, stasis, set- 
tling, stagnation). Cynanche trachealis; croup. 
Laryngostenosis, lar-in-go-sten-o'sis (laryngo, steno- 
sis, contraction). Contraction or narrowness of the 
larynx. 
Laryngotetanopsellismus, lar-in-go-tet-a-no-sel- 
liz'mus (laryngo, tetanus, psellismus, stammering). 
See Laryngospasmopsellismus. 
Laryngotome, lar-in'go-tome (laryngo, tome, inci- 
sion). Instrument for performance of laryngotomy. 
Laryngotomy, lar-in-got'o-me (laryngo, tome, incis- 
ion). Operation of opening the larynx to extract a 
foreign body or to remedy obstruction of the glottis; 
sometimes erroneously called bronchotomy and tra- 
cheotomy. It is called Cricoid I., Thyroid I., when 
incision is made through the cricoid and thyroid car- 
tilages, respectively. L., me'dian, thyreotomy. L., 
superior, L. through the thyreohyoid membrane, 
Thyreohyoid laryngotomy. 
Laryngotracheal, lar-in-go-trak-e'al. Relating to 
larynx and trachea. 
Laryngotracheitis, lar-in-go-trak-e-e'tis. Inflam- 
mation of larynx and trachea. Tracheitis with 
diphtheritic exudation; croup. 
Laryngotracheophthisis, lar-in-go-trak-e-o-te'sis. 
Tubercular laryngitis; tuberculosis of the larynx. 
Laryngotracheopyra, lar-in-go-trak-e-op'ir-ah (lar- 
yngo, trachea, pur, heat). Croup. 
Laryngotracheotomy, lar-in-go-trak-e-ot'o-me. 
Laryngotomy extended to the trachea. 
Laryngotyphus, lar-in-go-ti'fus. Laryngeal affec- 
tion attending or following typhus fever. 
Laryngydrops, lar-in-jid'rops (laryngo, hudrops, 
dropsy). (Edema of the larynx. 
Larynx, lar'inks. Apparatus of voice situate at the 
superior and anterior part of the neck, and at the 
top of the trachea, with which it communicates. It 
is composed of four cartilages-the thyroid, cricoid, 
and two arytenoid; is moved by a number of mus- 
cles and lined by mucous membrane, having certain 
membranous reflections, constituting the superior and 
inferior ligaments of the glottis, etc. Its superior 
or pharyngeal opening is called osteum pharyngeum 
or aditus laryngis, orificium superius laryngis, hyper- 
glottis, rima hyperglottica, and fissura laryngea phar- 
yngis. The larynx is destined to give passage to the 
air in respiration, and to impress upon it certain mod- 
ifications which constitute voice. Its dimensions vary 
in different individuals; in men it is always larger 
and situate lower than in women. The weight of the 
larynx has been estimated at 28.5 grammes. L., arti- 
ficial, metal substitute for extirpated larynx. L., 
benign growths of, see Larynx, diseases of (table). 
L. bronchial or bronch'o-trache'al, inferior 1. in 
birds, one on each bronchus. L., diseases of, the 
principal diseases of the larynx are exhibited in the 
table (see pp. 618-621), including the differential 
symptoms of each disease, by Prof. G. M. Lefferts, 
M. D. L., pellic'ular or plastic inflammation of, 
cynanche trachealis; croup. L. spec'ulum, laryn- 
goscope. L., trache'al, L., bronchial. 
Lasanum, las'an-um. Close-stool; obstetric chair. 
Lascivia (las-siv'e-ah) or Lascivitas, las-siv'it-as. 
Satyriasis. 
Lascivus (las-se'vus) or Lascivious. Libidinous. 
La'ser. Laserpitium; asafcetida. 
617 
LATISSIMUS 
Laserpitium, laz-ur-pish'e-um. A term applied 
formerly both to a plant and its juice. L. as'perum, 
L. latifolium. L. latifo'lium, White gentian; root 
is bitter and tonic. L. monta'num, L. siler. L. si'- 
ler, Heartwort, Sermountain ; seeds and roots are aro- 
matic. L. trifolia'tum, L. siler. 
Lassitude, las'se-tude (lassus, tired). Fatigue, 
during which the functions are performed with less 
vigor than usual. 
Lat'a. Miryachit. 
Latania Borbonica, lat-an'e-ah bor-bon'ik-ah. 
Bourbon palm ; pulp is astringent. 
Latebra, lat'eb-rah (hiding-place). Vitelline cavity. 
Spherical swelling formed in an impregnated egg by 
the dipping down of the white yolk into the centre 
of the yellow yolk. 
Latency, la'ten-se. Condition of being latent or 
concealed. L., pe'riod of, see Latent period. 
Latens in ore, lah'tens in o're (lying hid in the 
mouth). Pterygoideus internus. 
Latent, la'tent (lateo, to lie hid). Epithet applied 
to certain diseases or states of disease in which the 
symptoms are so concealed and obscure as to escape 
observation, as latent inflammation, latent period of 
small-pox. L. pe'riod, period of incubation of dis- 
eases. 
Laterad, lat'er-ad (latus, side). Term used adverb- 
ially to signify toward the lateral aspect. 
Lateral, lat'er-al. Eelating to the side. L. as'pect, 
see Mesial. L. col'umn, column of spinal cord situate 
between the antero-lateral and postero-lateral fis- 
sures. L. operation, see Lithotomy. L. plates, por- 
tion of mesoblast on the outside of the provertebrse. 
L. si' nuses, see Sinuses. 
Lateralis, lat-er-al'is. Lateral. L. na'si, fascicu- 
lus of compressor nasi; depressor ake nasi. L. ster'ni, 
costosternalis. 
Lateral'ity. Excess of development laterally. 
Lat'eri-rec'tus. Eectus capitis lateralis. 
Lateritious, lat-er-ish'us (later, a brick). Epithet 
applied to the brickdust-like sediment occasionally 
met with in the urine of fever. See Urate. 
Lat'ero-cer'vical. At the side of the neck. 
Lat'ero-dor'sal. At the side of the back. 
Lateroflexion, lat-er-o-flek'shun (latus, flexus, bend- 
ing). Bending to one side, as of the uterus. 
Lateroposition, lat-er-o-po-zish'un. Displacement 
laterally. 
Lateropulsion, lat-er-o-pul'shun. Abnormal im- 
pulse to lateral movement, as in paralysis agitans. 
Lateroretroversion, lat-er-o-re-tro-ver'shun. Re- 
troversion with lateral displacement, as of uterus. 
Lateroversion, lat-er-o-ver'shun. Lateral deviation 
or displacement. 
Latescentis (lat-es-sen'tis) chor'dse mus'culus (mus- 
cle of the hidden cord). Palmaris longus. 
Latex (lat'eks) or L. ni'veus (snowy liquor). Milk ; 
milky juice. 
Lathyris, lath'ir-is. Euphorbia lathyris. 
Lathyrism, lath'ir-izm. Affection resembling beri- 
beri, arising from the use of lathyrus as an article of 
diet. 
Lathyrus, lath'ir-us. Several varieties are known 
in Europe, Spain especially, the ripe seeds of which 
are narcotic. If young and tender they are an article 
of diet. See Lathyrism. 
Latibulum, lat-ib'u-lum (lateo, to lie hid). The 
foyer of a febrile poison, from which it spreads to 
produce febrile paroxysms. 
Latica, lat'ik-ah (lateo, to lie hid). Species of quo- 
tidian remittent, with paroxysms very long and ac- 
companied with latent fever. 
Latices lactei, lat'e-sees lak'te-e. Eeceptaculum 
chyli. 
Latissimo-condyloideus, lat-is'sim-o-kon-dil-o-e'de- 
us. Epitrochleo-anconseus. 
Latissimus (superlative of Latus, broad) colli, 
lat-is'sim-us kol'le. Platysma myoides. L. dor'si, 
flat quadrilateral muscle situate at the posterior, lat- 
eral, and inferior region of the trunk; attached to 
the posterior half of the outer lip of the crest of the LARYNX 
618 
LARYNX 
A DIFFERENTIAL TABLE OF THE SYMPTOMS 
Anjemia. 
Hyperemia. 
Laryngeal 
Hemorrhage. 
Acute 
Laryngitis. 
Chronic 
Laryngitis. 
Tubercular 
Laryngitis. 
Voice. 
Unreliable, 
easily fa- 
tigued, occa- 
sional failure, 
sometimes 
functional 
aphonia. 
Generally 
somewhat 
hoarse. 
Lost in haema- 
toma of the vocal 
cord or cords. 
Unaffected in 
haemoptysis. 
Hoarse, becom- 
ing aphonic. 
Hoarse, uncer- 
tain, easily fa- 
tigued, often lost 
in laryngitis sicca, 
impaired in chor- 
ditis tuberosa. 
Aphonic in ear- 
lier stages, com- 
pletely lost in ad- 
vanced disease. 
cn 
E 
O 
£ 
P 
C/2 
Respiration. 
Unembar- 
rassed, unless 
incipient pul- 
m o n a r y tu- 
berculosis. 
Unembar- 
rassed. 
Sometimes seri- 
ously affected in 
large haematoma 
of the aryteno- 
epiglottic fold or 
of the vocal cord. 
Unaffected in 
haemoptysis. 
Not embar- 
rassed, as a rule, 
in adults, unless 
cedema, then stri- 
dor, dyspnoea, and 
even apnoea. 
In children, fre- 
quently, laryngis- 
mus stridulus. 
Not embar- 
rassed in ordinary 
cases, sometimes 
seriously in sub- 
glottic chronic 
laryngitis, may be 
in laryngitis sicca 
from accumula- 
tion of crusts. 
Early hurried 
and short, greatly 
embarrassed with 
advance of pulmo- 
nary disease. If 
dyspnoea be laryn- 
geal, it is due to 
chronic cedema. 
P 
co 
« 
o 
z 
o 
6 
Deglutition. 
Unaffected. 
Some dryness, 
stiffness, per- 
haps slight sore- 
ness. 
Some pain and 
interference in 
haematoma of the 
aryteno-epigl o t- 
tic fold. 
Painful from as- 
sociated pharyn- 
geal inflamma- 
tion. 
Unaffected. 
Extremely diffi- 
cult and painful, 
from the advent 
of infiltration and 
ulceration, to ter- 
mination. If epi- 
glottis is involved, 
pain greatly in- 
creased. 
z 
p 
Pain. 
Occasionally 
slight tickling 
or sense of ir- 
ritation. 
Sensation of 
dryness or of a 
foreign body. 
No localized 
pain. 
Sensation o f 
tightness and con- 
striction, tender 
to external pres- 
sure. 
Sense of laryn- 
geal fatigue, in 
ordinary cases in- 
tense discomfort 
in laryngitis sicca. 
Only experi- 
enced during 
functional acts. 
Cough. 
V ariable, 
slight, irrita- 
tive. 
Desire to clear 
the throat. 
Sense of irrita- 
tion, possible dis- 
position to cough. 
Dry, hard, shrill, 
metallic, aphonic, 
when exudation, 
moist. 
In children, 
croupy. 
Not usually 
present, frequent 
disposition to 
clear the throat. 
In laryngitis 
sicca at times vio- 
lent, the expecto- 
rated crusts being 
tinged with blood. 
Greatly influ- 
enced by the stage 
and progress of 
the pulmonary tu- 
berculosis. Secre- 
tion from laryn- 
geal ulcers a thick, 
tenacious, semi- 
opaque, ropy mu- 
cus. 
Color. 
Abnormally 
pale and anae- 
mic. 
Bright red, 
diffuse, or par- 
tial congestion. 
Rounded, deep- 
red, purplish tu- 
mor in haemato- 
ma. 
Blood in small 
masses or streaks, 
unmixed with sa- 
liva or mucus, in 
haemoptysis. 
Intense, bright 
red, uniformly in- 
creasing, super- 
ficial hypersemia. 
Translucent if 
oedema occurs. 
Deep red and 
injected, vocal 
cords show gray- 
ish discoloration 
ora yellowish red. 
Dull gray with 
slightly yellowish 
tinge, solid and 
semi-opaque as- 
pect. 
Objective Signs. 
Ulcer. 
None. 
None. 
Single, small 
point of erosion, 
vocal cords, ven- 
tricular bands, or 
anterior face of 
the arytaenoid 
cartilages in hae- 
moptysis. 
Slight erosion 
of edges, vocal 
cords occasionally 
in severe cases. 
Indolent ulcers 
over processus vo- 
cali occasionally, 
are always flat or 
cone-shaped. 
Grayish-yellow 
color, surface rag- 
ged and worm- 
eaten, edge irreg- 
ular ana flush 
with surrounding 
tissues, no areola, 
ulcers coalesce 
and form large su- 
perficial ones. 
Physical or 
General ap- 
pearance 
of Lesion. 
Anaemia, no 
hypertro p h y 
nor inflamma- 
tory changes. 
Bright red con- 
gestion and 
slight swelling 
of mucous mem- 
brane, vocal 
cords, interary- 
tamoid commis- 
sure, ventricu- 
lar bands. 
Dependent upon 
the size, position, 
form of the hae- 
matoma. 
In haemoptysis 
a small, single, al- 
ways superficial 
point of erosion. 
Some inflamma- 
tory swelling, en- 
tire mucous mem- 
brane. In adults, 
but slight narrow- 
ing. In children, 
with subglottic 
laryngitis marked 
narrowing. If 
cedema, dangerous 
stenosis. 
In old cases gen- 
eral hyperplastic 
thickening of the 
mucosa and per- 
manent dilatation 
of blood-vessels. 
In chorditis tube- 
rosa small, round- 
ed nodules on the 
edges of vocal 
cords. In sub- 
glottic chronic 
laryngitis, consid- 
erable diminution 
in size of infra- 
glottic space. 
Tubercular infil- 
tration of mem- 
brane covering 
arytenoids, and 
their commissure, 
gives rise to club- 
shaped a r y t se- 
noids. Infiltration 
of epiglottis gives 
the turban-shaped 
epiglottis. Chron- 
ic oedema will al- 
ter form of laryn- 
geal parts, as will 
perichondritis 
and necrosis of 
cartilages. LARYNX 
619 
LARYNX 
OF THE PRINCIPAL LARYNGEAL DISEASES. 
Secondary Syphi- 
litic Laryngitis. 
Tertiary Syphi- 
litic Laryngitis. 
Malignant 
Growths. 
Non-malignant 
Growths. 
Neuroses 
(Sensation). 
Neuroses 
(Motion). 
Impaired or tem- 
porarily lost if vo- 
cal cords are in- 
volved. 
Impaired or lost 
by ulceration or de- 
struction of vocal 
cords or cicatricial 
deformity. 
Quickly lost in in- 
trinsic, later in ex- 
trinsic. In intrin- 
sic, in earlier stages, 
due to the immobil- 
ity of affected side 
of the larynx. 
Very variable, 
from slight hoarse- 
ness to complete 
aphonia, dependent 
upon location and 
size of the neoplasm. 
Slightly hoarse, in- 
ability to produce 
high tones, vocal fa- 
tigue, due to unilat- 
eral or bilateral pa- 
ralysis of the exter- 
nal tensors. 
Voice completely 
lost in bilateral re- 
current laryngeal 
paralysis, weakened 
in unilateral. In 
both bilateral and 
unilateral paralysis 
of the abductors, 
voice but little im- 
paired. In paresis 
of the abductors, 
voice lost. In bilat- 
eral paralysis of the 
internal tensors, 
voice weakened. 
Unembarrassed. 
No interference 
with respiration in 
ulcerative stage, un- 
less oedema occur. 
Severe d y s p n oe a, 
with perichondritis, 
and in stenosis due 
to cicatrization. 
Early embarrassed 
in intrinsic, later in 
extrinsic, in both 
cases finally, urgent 
dyspncea and trach- 
eotomy. 
Rarely embarrass- 
ed, only with large 
papillomata in 
adults. In children, 
small larynx and 
multiple papilloma- 
ta, dyspncea com- 
mon. 
No actual embar- 
rass m ent, some- 
times imaginary, in 
nervous or hysteri- 
cal patients. 
In bilateral par- 
alysis of the abduc- 
tors, inspiratory 
dyspncea. 
In the other forms 
of laryngeal paral- 
ysis, practically no 
interference with 
respiration. 
Painful from asso- 
ciated pharyngeal 
lesions. 
Sometimes difficult 
or painful from as- 
sociated pharyngeal 
lesions, may be from 
destruction of epi- 
glottis or cicatricial 
distortion of laryn- 
geal parts. 
Early affected in 
extrinsic, later in 
trinsic, finally im- 
possible. 
Only impaired in 
rare cases, in which 
epiglottis or aryepi- 
glottic fold is in- 
volved. 
Imperfect, owing 
to anaesthesia of the 
mucous membrane 
and paralysis of the 
depressor muscles 
of the epiglottis. 
Unaffected. 
No localized pain. 
No localized pain. 
Pain constant, 
sharp, lancinating, 
radiating to the ears. 
Is more characteris- 
tic and prominent 
in extrinsic than in 
intrinsic. 
Characteristically 
absent. 
In neuralgia of 
the throat intense, 
localized pain, 
usually unilateral, 
radiating to ear. 
No localized pain. 
None. 
None. 
Cough, with sputa 
tinged with blood, 
pus-cells, and ne- 
crotic tissue, charac- 
teristic odor, offen- 
sive and fetid. 
In large or multi- 
ple growths, sense 
of irritation leading 
to slight cough. 
In nervous laryn- 
geal cough, shrill, 
metallic, or deep, 
vibrating, frequent 
paroxysmal, and 
continued, lasting 
days, weeks, ana 
months. 
None. 
Erythema of a pe- 
culiar mottled ap- 
pearance, and 
dusky, sombre hue, 
dark red or pur- 
plish. 
Abnormal colored 
mucous membrane 
covers the smooth, 
rounded tumefac- 
tion or the diffuse, 
gummatous infiltra- 
tion. Ulcer, deep 
red color. 
Epithelioma, deep, 
angry red. 
Sarcoma, generally 
grayish, semi- 
opaque, sometimes 
pinkish or reddish. 
Papillomata, gray- 
ish-white or pink- 
ish-white. 
Fibromata, bright 
red. 
Cystomata, a yel- 
low or reddish- 
white, on vocal 
cords translucent. 
Normal. 
Usually slight hy- 
peraemia of vocal 
cords. 
Superficial, round, 
or ovoid bright-yel- 
low color, no areola, 
slightly excavated, 
secretes yellow pus, 
has a few necrotic 
shreds of tissue. 
Deep, with sharp- 
cut edges, dark-red 
areola, excavated 
surface, profuse pu- 
rulent secretion, ne- 
crotic tissue, has a 
crater-like aspect. 
A ragged, ulcera- 
ting mass, central 
portion depressed 
and fissured, yellow- 
ish-gray, dirty color. 
Notable inflamma- 
tory area of redness 
about it, dense, car- 
tilaginous feeling to 
the touch in epithe- 
lioma. 
None. 
None. 
None. 
Mottled erythema, 
red or purplish 
color. 
Some swelling of 
tissues, due to infil- 
tration of the mu- 
cosa and venous tur- 
gescence. 
Gummata and ul- 
ceration, as above. 
Vigorous and exten- 
sive cicatrization 
may destroy normal 
contour of larynx, 
distort its lumen, 
encroach upon the 
breathing space, im- 
pair vocal function, 
and generally alter 
its form. 
Epithelioma, a 
broadly infiltrating, 
irregular mass, rap- 
idly ulcerating. 
Sarcoma, a round- 
ed, reddish, soft, 
fleshy tumor, rarely 
ulcerating, develop- 
ing insidiously, pro- 
gressing slowly. 
Varies with the 
pathological nature 
of the neoplasm. 
Paralysis of ex- 
ternal tensors will 
change normal form 
of glottis during 
phonation. 
Position of the vo- 
cal cords varies with 
the form of paral- 
ysis. LATITUDO HUMERI 
620 
A DIFFERENTIAL TABLE OF THE SYMPTOMS OF 
LAUREL 
Anaemia. 
Hyper/emia. 
Laryngeal 
Hemorrhage. 
Acute 
Laryngitis. 
Chronic 
Laryngitis. 
Tubercular 
Laryngitis. 
Q 
Location of 
Entire lar- 
Hyperaemia 
Haematoma. I. 
Inflammatory 
Hyperplasia. I. 
I. Inter-arytse- 
Physical or Obje 
tive Signs. 
Lesion. 
yngeal mu- 
cous mem- 
brane. 
most active. I. 
ventricular 
bands. II. ven- 
tricles. III. vo- 
cal cords. IV. 
a r y t ae n o-e p i- 
glottic folds. 
vocal cords. II. 
ary taeno-epi g 1 o t- 
tic folds. 
Haemoptysis. I. 
erosion vocal 
cords. II. ven- 
tricular bands. 
III. anterior face 
of arytaenoid car- 
tilages. 
process most act- 
ive in those parts 
where mucous 
membrane is 
loosely attached, 
i. e. arytaeno-epi- 
glottic folds, ary- 
taenoid commis- 
sure, ventricular 
bands. 
ventricular bands. 
II. interarytse- 
noid commissure. 
III. vocal cords, 
rarely. 
noid commissure. 
II. arytenoid car- 
tilages. III. ary- 
teno-ep iglottic 
folds. IV. vocal 
cords. V. epiglot- 
tis, in order of fre- 
quency of the in- 
filtration and ul- 
ceration. 
:ve Signs. 
' Pharynx. 
Abnormally 
pale and anae- 
mic, except 
pillars of the 
fauces, which 
present line 
of redness. 
In passive hy- 
per semi a, en- 
gorgement o f 
venous plexus, 
at base of 
tongue. 
In active, 
bright, diffuse 
congestion. 
Caution in dia- 
gnosis, hem or- 
rhages may come 
from pharynx, 
gums, or tongue 
in haemoptysis. 
Perhaps a pre- 
ceding or associ- 
ated acute phar- 
yngitis. 
Probably chron- 
ic pharyngitis, 
chronic follicular 
pharyngitis, or 
elongated uvula. 
In rare cases 
acute tubercular 
infiltration and 
ulceration. 
w 
s 
o 
ft? 
o 
◄ 
Naso- 
pharynx. 
Uninvolved. 
Uninvolved. 
Caution in dia- 
gnosis, h e m o r- 
rhage frequently 
comes from nose 
or vault of the 
pharynx in hae- 
moptysis. 
Ordinarily an 
acc ompanying 
acute naso-phar- 
yngitis. 
Usually obstruc- 
tive lesion of the 
nose, chronic na- 
so-phary n git is, 
perhaps hypertro- 
phied pharyngeal 
or faucial tonsils. 
In very rare 
cases acute tuber- 
cular infiltration 
and ulceration, 
Lungs. 
Very often 
Perhaps acute 
Caution in dia- 
May follow 
Possibly in old 
In every case 
r* 
M 
£ 
o 
8 
incipient tu- 
berculosis. 
bronchitis. 
gnosis, if hemor- 
rhage is from 
lungs, trachea 
coated with blood, 
auscultate lungs, 
use laryngoscope. 
acute bronchitis. 
cases, co-existent 
chronic bronchi- 
tis. 
either primarily, 
synchronously, or 
subsequently in- 
volved. 
Miscellaneous. Acce 
Diathesis 
Cachexia. 
Very often 
the tubercu- 
lar. 
May occur 
with general 
anaemia, hem- 
orrhagic loss, 
chlorosis, 
Bright's dis- 
ease, diabetes. 
None. 
Invariable ac- 
compa n i m e n t 
of the exanthe- 
mata. 
Hemo r r h a g i c 
diathesis, debility 
of phthisis, anae- 
mia, mal n utri- 
tion, vicarious 
menstruation, 
pregnancy. 
Strain of the 
voice, violent vo- 
cal exercise are 
exciting causes of 
haematoma of vo- 
cal cords. Chronic 
laryngitis with 
erosion is a pre- 
disposing one in 
haemoptysis. May 
be a result of trau- 
matism, in haema- 
toma. 
Catarrhal. In 
children, struma, 
lymphatic habit. 
Usually second- 
ary to an inflam- 
matory process, 
involving some 
portion of the air- 
tract above the 
larynx. 
Catarrhal. 
Probably never 
a primary disease, 
but result of a 
chronic rhinitis, 
chronic naso- 
pharyngitis, or 
nasal stenosis. 
Always the tu- 
bercular d i a t h - 
esis. 
The occurrence 
of laryngeal le- 
sions in pulmo- 
nary phthisis, se- 
rious complica- 
tion, average du- 
ration of life after 
their advent eigh- 
teen months. If 
laryngeal disease 
is primary or sim- 
ultaneous with 
pulmonary, the 
tubercular infec- 
tion is virulent 
and active. 
ilium, to the posterior surface of the sacrum, to the 
spinous processes of the six or seven last dorsal ver- 
tebrae, to all those of the loins, and to the last four 
false ribs, and inserted by a strong tendon at the 
posterior edge of the bicipital groove of the humerus. 
This muscle carries the arm backward, depressing it, 
and making it turn on its axis; it also draws back- 
ward and downward the prominence of the shoulder. 
When, suspended by an arm, we make an effort to 
raise ourselves, it draws the trunk toward the arm. 
It can also raise the ribs by assuming its fixed point 
on the humerus and become an inspiratory muscle- 
dorso-humeralis. L. pec'toris, pectoralis superficialis. 
Latitude humeri, lat-e-tu'do hu'mer-e (latus, broad). 
Scapula. 
Latour bark. Bark of Strychnos nux vomica. 
Latrine, lat-reen'. Receptacle for excrement, as 
a box or vessel. 
Lattice (lat'tis) work. Cancelli. 
Latus, lat'us. Broad. L. a'ni, levator ani. 
Laucania, lau-kan'e-ah. Fauces and oesophagus; 
chin. 
Laudable, lawd'a-b'l. Healthy; normal; term ap- 
plied to healthy pus. 
Laudania (lawd-an'e-ah) or Laudanin, lawd'an-in. 
Base found in opium, C20H25NO4, in colorless prisms. 
Laudanosia (lawd-an-o'she-ah) or Laudanosine, 
lawd' an-os-in. Alkaloid derived from opium- 
C21H27NO4-without therapeutic value. 
Laud'anum (perhaps from laudatum, praised or 
praiseworthy). Formerly any anodyne. Every prep- 
aration of opium, solid or liquid, but particularly the 
extract and tincture; now almost entirely restricted 
to Tinctura opii (which see). L. Abba'tis Rousseau', 
Abbe Rousseau's drops; preparation made from opium, 
honey, beer-yeast, water, and alcohol. L., denar'- 
cotized, L. made of denarcotized opium. L., deo'- 
dorized, tinctura opii deodorata. L., Ford's, vinum 
opii. L., liq'uld, tinctura opii. L. liq'uidum Hoff- 
man'ni, vinum opii. L. liq'uidum Sydenham'i, vi- 
num opii. L. opia'tum, extractum opii. L., Rous- 
seau's', laudanum Abbatis Rousseau. L. sim'plex, ex- 
tractum opii. L., Syd'enham's, vinum opii. L.,War'- 
ner's, ammoniated tincture of opium. 
Laugh. Risus. L., canine' or sardon'ic, canine 
laugh. See Risus sardonicus. 
Laughing. Risus. L. gas, nitrogen, gaseous ox- 
ide of. 
Laughter, laf'ter. Risus. 
Laurel. Kalmia latifolia; laurus: Magnolia mac- 
rophylla. L., broad'-leaved, Kalmia latifolia. L., 
cher'ry, Prunus laurocerasus. L., com'mon, Prunus LAURELIA SEMPERVIRENS 
621 
LAURUS 
THE PRINCIPAL LARYNGEAL DISEASES (Continued). 
Secondary Syphi- 
litic Laryngitis. 
Tertiary Syphi- 
litic Laryngitis. 
Malignant 
Growths. 
Non-malignant 
Growths. 
Neuroses 
(Sensation). 
Neuroses 
(Motion). 
Erythema. I. vo- 
cal cords. II. ven- 
tricular bands-. III. 
ary taeno-epiglo 11 i c 
folds. Mucous patch. 
I. upper surface vo- 
cal cords. II. epi- 
glottis. Ulcer at any 
point. 
Ulceration occurs. 
I. epiglottis. II. vo- 
cal cords. III. ven- 
tricular bands. IV. 
inter-arytsenoid 
commissure, in or- 
der of frequency. 
Intrinsic, ventric- 
ular bands. Extrin- 
sic, pharyngo-laryn- 
geal orifice. 
Usually at or near 
glottis. 
Abnormal sensa- 
tions, pain, localized 
sense of foreign 
body, etc., at any 
point in laryngeal 
cavity. 
Vocal cords. 
Symmetrical, dull 
red or purplish,ery- 
thema with sharp 
line of demarcation, 
soft palate, and pil- 
lars of fauces. Mu- 
cous patches and su- 
perficial ulcers, lat- 
ter rare. 
Aside from gum- 
mata or active ul- 
ceration, common- 
est deformity is 
from cicatricial ad- 
hesion of soft palate 
to pharyngeal wall. 
In extrinsic or 
pharyngo-laryngeal 
carcinoma, lower 
pharynx involved 
with, usually, 
mouth of cesoph- 
Uninvolved. 
Anaesthesia, hy- 
peraesthesia, paraes- 
thesia, or neuralgia, 
as of larynx. 
Hypertrophy of 
adenoid tissue at 
base of tongue, va- 
rix in same locality, 
chronic follicular 
pharyngitis, etc. 
Uninvolved. 
Uninvolved. 
Occasionally ul- 
ceration at the vault 
of the pharynx. 
Uninvolved. 
Uninvolved. 
Perhaps adenoid 
growths. 
Uninvolved. 
Uninvolved. 
Uninvolved. 
Uninvolved. 
Uninvolved. 
Uninvolved. 
Possibly pleuritic 
adhesions at apex 
of lungs, specially 
right. 
Secondary syphi- 
litic, 4-6 months 
after infection, ex- 
cept ulcer. 
Tertiary syphilit- 
ic, 5-15 years after 
infection, up to any 
period. 
Cachexia a late 
manifestation, more 
delayed in intrinsic 
than in extrinsic. 
In some cases in- 
trinsic absent. 
None. 
Neurasthenic, 
hysterical, h y p o - 
chondriacal. 
None. 
A chancre of phar- 
ynx (usually tonsil) 
and of larynx (epi- 
glottis) is rare, but 
not unknown, local 
induration, glandu- 
1 a r involvement, 
and early (2 to 4 
weeks) appearance 
of eruption aid dia- 
gnosis. 
In vast majority 
of instances ulcera- 
tion follows gumnia- 
tous deposit so 
quickly that latter 
is never seen. 
Little or no in- 
volvement of lym- 
phatic glands of 
neck in intrinsic. 
ICarly and often ex- 
tensive involvement 
in extrinsic. In ex- 
trinsic cancer 
marked displace- 
ment of larynx. 
Cases of myxoma- 
ta, adenomata, lipo- 
m a t a, angiomata, 
enchondromata, 
aud mixed tumors 
are very rare. 
Uterine disease, 
ovarian irritation, 
etc , a cause of par- 
aesthesia, larynx or 
pharynx. 
The central le- 
sions, lesions of the 
trunk of the nerves, 
or the peripheral 
causes that may give 
rise to above paral- 
yses, are many and 
varied. 
laurocerasus. L., dwarf, Kalmia angustifolia. L., 
great, Rhododendron maximum. L., ground, Epigsea 
repens. L., moun'tain, Kalmia latifolia, rhododen- 
dron. L., nar'row-leaved, Kalmia angustifolia. L., 
pale, Kalmia glauca. L., poi'son, Prunus laurocer- 
asus. L., rose, Kalmia latifolia. L., sheep, Kalmia 
angustifolia. L., swamp, Kalmia glauca. L., sweet, 
Illicium floridanum. L. water, Aqua laurocerasi; 
Prunus laurocerasus. L., white, Magnolia glauca. 
Laure'lia sempervir'ens. Chili sassafras; Peru- 
vian nutmeg; the seeds are aromatic. 
Laurentia pinnatifida, law-ren'she-ah pin-nat-if'- 
id-ah. Pepper dulse; species of Algse, eaten in Scot- 
land. 
Laureola, law-re'ol-ah. Daphne laureola. 
Laur'in. Compound of glyceril and lauric acid 
found in Laurus nobilis. 
Laurocer'asi fo'lla. Cherry-laurel leaves; fresh 
leaves of Prunus laurocerasus. 
Laurocerasus, laur-o-ser'as-us (laurus and cerasus, 
cherry tree). Prunus laurocerasus. 
Laurus, lawr'us. Daphne, Laurel, Sweet bay; ord. 
Lauraceae. The leaves and berries have a sweet, 
fragrant smell and an aromatic, astringent taste. 
Sweet bay has been advised as a stomachic and car- 
minative, sometimes employed as a fomentation and 
in glysters. Infusion of the fruit is employed in im- 
petigo. L. sestiva'lis, L. benzoin. L. Alexandri'na 
angustifo'lia, Ruscus hypoglossum. L. Apollo'nis, 
laurus. L. ben'zoin, Spice wood, Spice bush, Benjamin 
bush, Allspice bush, Wild allspice, Spice berry, Fever 
wood, Fever bush. Indigenous shrub; all parts have a 
spicy, agreeable flavor, which is strongest in the bark 
and berries. Infusion or decoction of the small 
branches is said to be vermifuge and an agreeable 
drink in low fevers. The bark has been used in inter- 
mittents; the berries, dried and powdered, for allspice. 
The oil of the berries is excitant. L. cam'phora or 
camphorif 'era, see Camphor. L. canel'la, L. cassia. L. 
cas'sia, species of Laurus yielding Casia, Cassia, Canel- 
la, Wild cinnamon, Malabar cinnamon. Bark and leaves 
abound with the flavor of cinnamon, for which they 
may be substituted, but they are much weaker. The 
unopened flower-buds are used in the same manner. 
L. cer'asus, Brunns cinnamomoides. L. cinnamo- 
moi'des, Nectandra cinnamomoides. L. cinnamo'- 
mum, common bark, obtained also from Cinnamomum 
aromaticum, is stimulant and carminative, and is em- 
ployed chiefly as a grateful aromatic to cover the 
taste of nauseous remedies. Dose, gr. x-xx. The 
flowers, called Cassise flares, possess aromatic and 
astringent virtues, and may be used wherever cinna- LAUTISSIMA VINA 
mon is required. Volatile oil of the bark-Oleum cin- 
namomi, Oil of cinnamon-is officinal in the Ph. U. S. and 
Br. L. cubeb'a, Piper cubeba. L. culil'aban or cu- 
lil'awan, tree affording Cortex culilawan or culilaban, 
Culilawan, Culitlawan, Cortex caryophyllo'ides or Caryo- 
phylldides Amboinensis. Bark resembles sassafras in 
appearance and properties, and is used in Java as a 
condiment. L. malabath'rum, see Ufalabathrum. L. 
no'bilis, laurus. L. parviflo'ra, leather-leaved laurel 
of W. Indies. Leaves are aromatic and tonic. L. 
per'sea, Persea gratissima. L. pseudoben'zoin, L. 
benzoin. L. sas'safras, Persea sassafras, Sassafras. 
Indigenous in the United States. Sassafras wood and 
root, Sassafras radix, and especially the bark of the 
root, Sassafras radicis cortex, Sassafras (Ph. U. S.), have 
been considered stimulant, sudorific, and diuretic. 
Virtues depend upon the essential oil, oleum sassa- 
fras, the odor of which is not unlike that of fennel. 
It has been used in cutaneous diseases, chronic rheu- 
matism, etc., in infusion, which has also been taken 
as tea ; see Saloop. The pith of the stems, Sassafras 
medulla (Ph. U. S.), abounds in gummy matter, which 
it readily imparts to water, forming a limpid muci- 
lage, much employed as a collyrium in ophthalmia 
and as a drink in dysentery, catarrh, etc. (one drachm 
of the pith to a pint of boiling water). 
Lautissima vina, law-tis'sim-ah ve'nah (superla- 
tive of Lautus, elegant). Wines thoroughly purified 
or strongly impregnated with myrrh. 
Lavacrum, lav-ak'rum (lavo, to wash). Bath; 
lotion. L. ophthal'micum, collyrium. 
Lavage, lav-azh' (F.) (lavo, to wash). Washing; 
washing out of the stomach by repeated injection and 
ejection of water through a stomach-tube. 
Lavamen'tum (lavo, to wash). Clyster. 
Lavandula, la-van'du-lah, L. ve'ra (lavo, to wash, 
from being used in baths). Common lavender, ord. 
Labiatse. Odor of lavender flowers, Lavandula 
(Ph. U. S.), is fragrant and agreeable; taste warm and 
bitterish-depending upon the essential oil. It has 
been used as a stimulant, particularly in the form of 
the oil, oleum la vandulse (Ph. U. S. and Br.); the dried 
leaves are errhine. L. angustifo'lia, lavandula. L. 
latifoTia, lavandula; L. spica. L. officina'lis, 
lavandula. L. spi'ca or ve'ra, French lavender, yields 
oil of spike; used as a liniment in paralysis and in 
veterinary medicine. L. stoech'as, cassidony; French 
lavender; flowers are expectorant and antispasmodic. 
L. ve'ra, true lavender; lavandula. L. vulga'ris, 
lavandula; L. spica. 
Lava'tion. Lavage. L. of the blood, intravenous 
injection of water. 
Lave'ment (F.). Enema. 
Lavender (lav'en-dur), common. Lavandula. L., 
fe'male, Lavandula latifolia. L., French, Lavandula 
spica. L., sea, Statice Caroliniana; Statice limonium. 
L., spike, Lavandula spica. 
Lavendula, la-ven'du-lah. Lavandula. 
Lav'er. Ulva latissima. L., broad green, Ulva 
latissima. L. German'icum, Veronica beccabunga. 
L., lacin'iated pur'ple, Ulva umbilicalis. L. odora'- 
tum, Sisymbrium nasturtium. L., pur'ple, Porphyria 
laciniata. 
Laville's liq'uid. A gout nostrum said to contain 
the active principle of colocynth, quinia, cinchona, 
with unimportant salts of lime. 
Lavipedium, la-ve-pe'de-um (lavo, to wash, pes, 
foot). Pediluvium. 
Lawsonia alba, law-so'ne-ah al'bah (after Dr. J. 
Lawson) or iner'mis. Smooth Lawsonia, Henna; East 
Indian and African plant, the root of which is slightly 
astringent. In India the root of the Lawsonia spinosa 
is employed in lepra and other cutaneous affections. 
Lax (laxus, loose). Diarrhoea. 
Laxans, laks'ans (laxo, to loosen). Laxative; re- 
laxant. 
Laxatio, laks-ah'she-o. Relaxation. 
Laxative, laks'at-iv. Medicine which gently 
opens the bowels; mild purgative. 
Laxatlvus, laks-at-e'vus. Laxative. L. In'dicus, 
cambogia. 
622 
LAZARET 
Laxator auris internus, laks-at'or aw'ris in-ter'nus. 
L. tympani major. L. tym'pani ma'jor, muscle 
arising from the spine of the sphenoid bone and from 
the cartilage of the Eustachian tube, and inserted by 
a tendon into the apophysis of Ran. It relaxes the 
membrana tympani. L. tym'pani mi'nor, very small 
muscle extending from the upper part of the external 
auditory canal, and inserted at the inferior part of the 
process of the handle of the malleus. Its existence is 
denied by most anatomists. 
Laxitas, laks'it-as. Atony, laxity. L. al'vi, diar- 
rhoea. L. gingiva'rum, relaxed condition of gums. 
L. ingesto'rum or intestino'rum, diarrhoea. L. 
scro'ti, relaxation of the scrotum; pendulous scro- 
tum. L. ventric'uli, debility or atony of the stomach. 
Laxity, laks'it-e. Laxness. Condition of a tissue 
when loose or relaxed, or of one which wants tone. 
Lay'er, an'imal germ. Epiblast. L., bacil'lar, 
of ret'ina, tunica Jacobi or outermost layer of the 
retina. L., base'ment, membrana propria. L., blas- 
toder'mic, germ-layer. L., Bow'man's, anterior 
elastic layer of cornea beneath epithelial layer. 
L., cell, see Cell. L., cell'ular, cellular coat. L., 
claus'tral, see Claustral and Spindle-layer. L., cor'- 
neal, stratum corneum; epiblast. L., cor'tical, cor- 
tex of brain. L., cremas'teric, cremaster muscle; 
cremasteric fascia. L., cutic'ular, cuticle; cuticular 
membrane; external limiting membrane; hyaline 
layer at free end of columnar cell; see Operculum and 
Cell-membrane. L., der'mal, epiblast. L., embryon'- 
ic, germ-layer. L., epithe'lial, cellular coat. L., 
exter'nal blastoder'mic, epiblast. L., fundamen'- 
tal, primitive embryonic layer. L., gelat'inous, 
stratum gelatinosum. L., germ or germ'inal, seg- 
ments of blastoderm, as hypoblast, mesoblast, epiblast. 
L., gran'ular, stratum granulosum; layer contiguous 
to cement of tooth ; granular stratum of epidermis. 
L., Hen'le's, Henle's sheath; layer of cells forming 
external portion of inner root-sheath of hair, the inner 
portion being Huxley's layer. L., horn'y, stratum 
corneum. L., Hux'ley's, see L., Henle's, and Huxley. 
L., in'ner germ, hypoblast; stratum intermedium, 
substantia intermedia, mesoblast. L., intes'tinal, 
hypoblast. L., lat'ticed, reticular layer. L., Mal- 
pigh'ian, rete mucosum. L., mid'dle germ, meso- 
blast. L., mu'cous, hypoblast L., mus'cular, layer 
characterized by presence of muscular fibres. L., 
ner'vous, epiblast. L., neuroder'mal, epiblast. L., 
nu'clear, stratum granulosum. L., ooph'orous, ex- 
ternal portion of ovary. L., osteogenet'ic, portion 
of periosteum or of perichondrium contiguous to sur- 
face of bone or of cartilage, from which bone is to be 
developed. L., outer germ, epi blast. L., pap'illary, 
thick portion of corium adjacent to epidermis. L., 
perforated, internal elastic coat. L., pigment'al, 
pigment-layer of retina; posterior layer of iris. L., 
plas'ma, layer of blood-corpuscles near wall of ves- 
sel, called Sluggish or Still layer, because they do not 
move as rapidly as those directly in the current. L., 
prick'le-cell, stratum spinosum of epidermis. L., 
pri'mary germ'inal, epiblast and mesoblast. L., 
prim'itive or primor'dial, original epiblast and hy- 
poblast. L., retic'ular, corium, not including the 
papillae or its deeper and innermost portion; second 
layer of iris ; stratum lacunosum. L. of rods, bacillar 
layer of retina. L., sen'sory, epiblast. L., se'rous, 
epiblast; inner layer of pericardium. L., skin, epi- 
blast. L., slug'gish, see L., plasma. L., spin'dle, 
layer of vertical fusiform cells seen in section through 
a convolution of the brain. L., still, L., plasma; see 
Still layer. L., subpap'illary, layer under papillary 
layer of skin; stratum vasculosum cutis. L., super- 
pap'illary, rete mucosum. L., troph'ic, hypoblast. 
L., vas'cular, third layer of iris; deepest portion of 
visceral plate of mesoblast. L., veg'etative germ, 
hypoblast. L., zo'nular, stratum zonale. 
Lay'ers of blastoder'ma. Epiblast, mesoblast, 
hypoblast. 
Layman, la'man. See Laity. 
Lazar. Leper. 
Lazaret (laz-ar-et') fever. Low fever of crowded LAZARETTO 
lazarettos, where the air is overloaded with exhala- 
tions from the patients. 
Lazaretto, laz-ar-et'to (lazar, a leper, from Lazarus.) 
Solitary edifice in most seaports of magnitude, in- 
tended for the disinfection of men and goods pro- 
ceeding from places where communicable diseases 
prevail. L. fe'ver, form of fever breaking out among 
those who are crowded together in a small space. 
Lazulite, laz'u-lite. Lapis lazuli. 
Leach. Hirudo; physician. 
Leach'craft. Medicine. 
Leach/man. Physician. 
Lead, led. Plumbum. L., ac'etate of, plumbi 
superacetas. L., black, graphites. L., car'bonate 
of, plumbi subcarbonas. L., chlo'ride of, plumbi 
chloridum. L. col'ic, see Colica metallica. L., i'o- 
dide or io'duret of, plumbi iodidum. L. line, blue line 
seen on the gums after poisoning by lead. L. lo'- 
tion, lotion in which some salt of lead, as the sub- 
acetate, is an important ingredient. L., ni'trate of, 
plumbi nitras. L., nitrosac'charate of, plumbi ni- 
trosaccharas. L., o'leate of, see Emplastrumplumbiand 
Oleates. L., ox'ide of, semivitrified, plumbi oxidum 
semivitreum. L. pal'sy, paralysis saturnina. L. 
paral'ysis, paralysis induced by the poison of lead. 
L. poi'soning, morbid phenomena induced by lead 
received into the system. L., red, plumbi oxidum 
rubrum. L. rheu'matism, Lead neuralgia; neuralgic 
and spasmodic pains caused by the poison of lead. 
L., subcar'bonate of, plumbi subcarbonas. L., super- 
ac'etate of, plumbi superacetas. L., tan'nate of, see 
Tannin. L. wa'ter, liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. 
L., white, plumbi subcarbonas. 
Leader, le'dur (that which leads). Tendon. 
Leading, led'ing. Familiar name for lead-poison- 
ing of those engaged in smelting. 
Leadwort, led'wurt. Plumbago Europsea. L., 
Cape, Plumbago Capensis. 
Leaf, sour. Andromeda arborea. 
Lean'ness. Emaciation. 
Leap (bound, jump). Muscular movement or move- 
ments by which the body is detached from the soil 
by the forcible and sudden extension of the lower 
limbs, previously flexed upon the pelvis. 
Leap'ing ague, a'gyu. Disease said by Scotch 
writers to be characterized by increased efficiency 
but depraved direction of the will, producing an irre- 
sistible propensity to dance and move about in a 
fantastic manner. See Mania, dancing. 
Leather flower, leth'ur flowhir. Clematis viorna. 
L. jack'et, eucalyptus. L. wood, Dirra palustris. 
Leav'en. See Leven. 
Leber's disease. Hereditary atrophy of the eye- 
ball. 
Lecane, lek'an-e (a bowl). Pelvis. 
Lecanic, lek-an'ic. Pelvic. 
Lec'ca gum. See Lacca. 
Lecheneion, lek-en-i'on. Torcular Herophili. 
Lecherous, letch'er-us. Libidinous. 
Lecho, lek'o (lechos, bed). Puerpera; lying-in 
woman. 
Lechopyra, lek-op'ir-ah (lecho, pur, fire). Puerperal 
fever. 
Lecithigenous, les-e-thij'en-us (lekithos, yolk, gennao, 
to produce). Producing yolk. 
Lecithin, les'e-thin (lekithos, yolk of egg). Substi- 
tution derivative of glycerin; waxy crystallizable 
substance obtained from yolk of egg, nervous and 
cerebral tissues, amniotic fluid, bile, etc. 
Lecithoid, les'e-thoid. Resembling yolk of an egg. 
Lecithophore, les-ith'o-for (lekithos, yolk of egg, 
phoreo, to bear). Cell-layer constituting the floor of 
the segmentation cavity in the human ovum and that 
of mammals generally. 
Lecithos (les'e-thos) or Lecithus, les'e-thus. Yolk 
of egg. See Ovum. 
Lecithymen, les-ith-e'men (lekithos, yolk, hymen, 
membrane). Vitelline membrane. 
Leco, le'ko. Penis. 
Lecontia Virginica, le-kon'she-ah vir-jin'ik-ah. 
Peltandra Virginica. 
623 
> LEIOCEPHALI 
Lectisternium, lek-te-stern'e-um (lectus bed, sterno, 
to spread). Arrangement of a bed to adapt it to a 
particular disease. Supplication, with the Romans, 
in times of public danger, when couches were spread 
for the gods, and their images were taken down from 
their pedestals and placed upon them around the 
altars. 
Lectualis, lek-tu-al'is (lectus, bed). Epithet ap- 
plied to protracted disease. 
Lectulus (lek'tu-lus) (dim. of Lectus, bed).' Litter 
or cradle. L. medica'tus, pad of herbs for fomenta- 
tion ; see Fomentation. L. stramin'eus, straw splint. 
Ledoy'en's disinfecting fluid or liq'uid. Solu- 
tion of nitrate of lead (plumb, nitrat., £j ; aquae, 
f^j); used as an antiseptic and antibromic. 
Ledum latifolium, le'dum lat-e-fo'le-um. Labrador 
tea, ord. Ericaceae; grows in damp places in Canada 
and the United States. Leaves have a pleasant odor 
and taste, and have been used as tea; they are also 
pectoral and tonic. L. palus'tre, marsh tea, ord. 
Ericineae; this plant has a bitter, subastringent 
taste, and was formerly used in Switzerland in place 
of hops; the leaves have been chewed and applied 
to burns. 
Lee. Feculence; lixivium; ley; lye; urine. 
Leea macrophylla, le'ah mak-ro-fil'lah. E. Indian 
plant; root has been prescribed in ringworm. L. 
sambuci'na, shrub of E. Indies; juice of leaves is 
stomachic and febrifuge, and used externally in in- 
flammation of the eyes; the root in gastralgia. L. 
staphyle'a, root of this Malabar plant is used in 
colic; leaves are used in dyspepsia. 
Leech. Hirudo. See Ectozoa. Physician. See 
Leach. L., artificial, antlia; bdellometer. L., 
horse, veterinary surgeon. L., mechan'ical, L., arti- 
ficial. 
Leech'craft. Medicine ; art of healing. 
Leech'dom (leech, dom, termination denoting condi- 
tion or state). Medicine ; art of healing. 
Leech'ing. Drawing blood by the use of leeches. 
Leech'wort. Plantago lanceolata. 
Leek. Allium porrum. 
Lees, soap. Liquor potass®. 
Left-brained. One who has power of speech cen- 
trally located in the left subfrontal convolution. 
Leg. Portion of the lower extremity extending 
from the knee to the foot; it consists of three bones, 
tibia, fibula, and patella, and a great number of 
muscles, vessels, and nerves. The projection formed 
by the muscles at the back part of the leg has 
received the name of calf of the leg. L. asleep', 
familiar name for the obtunding of sensation pro- 
duced by pressure on the great nerve of the leg. 
As the nerve-fibres gradually recover from the effect 
of the pressure a pricking sensation is experienced, 
familiarly known under the name Pins and needles. 
L., Barba'does or Coch'in, elephantiasis of the leg. 
L., Do'ver's, hypochondriasis. L. fe'ver, fever occur- 
ring in Africa with exanthematous eruption and pain 
in the legs. L., lawn-ten'nis, rupture of muscle or 
muscles of the calf of the leg from over-exercise in 
this game. L., milk, swelled, or white, phlegmasia 
alba dolens. 
Legitimate, lej-it'im-ate (lex, law). Epithet applied 
to things which are according to rule or law; a legit- 
imate child is one conceived or born during marriage. 
Legitimate diseases are those which follow a regular 
march. 
Legna (leg'nah) (fringed edge), Legnon (leg'non), 
or Legnum, leg'num. Orifice of the pudendum mu- 
liebre or of the uterus. 
Legumin, leg-u'min (lego, to gather). All kinds of 
pulse, as peas, beans, etc.; so called because usually 
gathered by the hand, instead of being reaped. See 
Casein. 
Leichen, leik'en. Lichen. 
Leidenteria, li-den-ter'e-ah. Lientery. ( 
Leimanthium Virginicum, li-man'the-um vir-jin'- 
ik-um (leimon, meadow, anthos, flower). Melanthium 
Virginicum. 
Leiocephali, li-o-sef'al-e (leios, smooth, kephale, LEIOCOME 
head). People characterized by straight and wavy 
hair. 
Leiocome, li'o-kome. Dextrin. 
Leiodermia, li-o-dur'me-ah (leios, smooth, derma, 
skin). Glossy or smooth skin seen in some cutaneous 
affections; xeroderma. 
Leiomyoma, li-o-me-o'mah (leios, smooth, myoma). 
Tumor mainly composed of smooth muscular fibres, 
as of the bowel, urinary bladder, etc. 
Leiopus, li'o-pus (leios, smooth, pous, foot). One 
affected with flat-footedness, splay-footedness (leiopo- 
dia, liopodia). 
Leiphsemi, li-phe'me. Pale or anaemic persons. 
Leiphaemia, li-phe'me-ah (leipo, haima, blood). 
Poverty or paucity of blood. 
Leiphsemos, li-phe'mos (same etymon). Vicious 
state of the blood, as anaemia; patient laboring under 
this condition. 
Leipo, li'po (leipo, to fail). In composition, want, 
defect. 
Leipodermia, li-po-dur'me-ah (leipo, derma, skin). 
Want of foreskin or prepuce. 
Leipodermus, li-po-dur'mus. One who wants part 
of his skin; especially one who wants the prepuce. 
Leipomeria, li-po-mer'e-ah. Lipomeria. 
Leipopsychia, li-po-sik'e-ah (leipo, psuche, breath 
of life). Syncope. 
Leipothymia, li-po-thim'e-ah (leipo, thumos, mind). 
Syncope. 
Leipyrias, li-pir'e-as (leipo, pur, fire). Species of 
continued fever with burning heat of internal parts 
and coldness of extremities. Semitertian fever. 
Leirion, li're-on. Lilium candidum. 
Letter's coil. Device by means of which water 
of any temperature is kept running through coils of 
metal or rubber, which can be adjusted to any part 
of the body. 
Le'ma or Le'me. Discharge from the eyes; drying 
up of natural glandular secretion from the eyelids; 
lippitudo. 
Lemithocorton, lem-ith-o-kor'ton. Corallina Cor- 
sicana ; helminthocorton. 
Lemma, lem'mah. Cortex; feculence; furfur; sedi- 
ment ; sheath, as neurilemma, sarcolemma, etc. 
Lemnian (lem'ne-an) earth. Compound of alu- 
minium coming from the island of Lemnos. 
Lemniscus, lem-nis'kus. Pessary; tent; bundle 
of nerve-fibres in pons and crus cerebri, upward 
prolongation of interolivary tract; penis; cephalic 
glands; see Laqueus. L., infe'rior or low'er, layer 
of nerve-fasciculi in tegmentum, proceeding from in- 
ferior corpora quadrigemina. Its lateral portion is 
called lateral lemniscus. The portion terminating in 
upper portion of corpora quadrigemina is called su- 
perior, upper, or median lemniscus. 
Lem'on. See Citrus medica. L. acid, citric acid. 
L. balm, melissa. L., ground, Podophyllum mon- 
tanum. L. juice, see Citrus medica. L. juice, arti- 
ficial, see Citrus medica. L. peel, see Citrus medica. 
L. scur'vy-grass, Cochlearia officinalis; possesses 
antiscorbutic properties. L. tree, see Citrus medica. 
L., wild, Podophyllum montanum. 
Lemonade, lem-un-ade'. Lemon-juice diluted with 
water and sweetened. See Citrus medica. L., dry, 
citric or tartaric acid reduced to powder and mixed 
with sugar. L., magne'sian, magnesii citras. L., 
ni'tric, nitric acid considerably diluted with water 
and sweetened. L., sulphu'ric, and L., tartar'ic, 
are made with sulphuric and tartaric acids respec- 
tively. 
Lem'ons, salt of. Oxalic acid. 
Lemosite, lem-os'it-e. Chassie; lippitudo. 
Leniceps, len'e-seps. Uterine forceps, consisting 
of two blades fastened to a horizontal handle, and 
made immovable when applied. 
Leniens, len'e-ens (lenio, to assuage). Laxative, 
lenitive, demulcent, emollient. 
Le'nis (gentle). Lenitive. 
Lenitive, len'it-iv. Medicine which allays irrita- 
tion or palliates disease; laxative medicine; a leni- 
tive electuary is one that purges gently. 
624 
LEONT1CE THALICTROIDES 
Lenos, le'nos. Torcular Herophili. 
Lens. Lentil. Piece of glass or other material 
made of such shape as to refract rays of light falling 
upon it. It is called concave I., convex I., etc. accord- 
ing to its shape. Crystalline lens. Ervum lentis. 
L., ab'sence of, aphakia. L., achromat'ic, lens so 
made as to correct chromatic aberration. L., bifo'- 
cal, one made for presbyopic hypermetropia, the upper 
and lower surfaces being ground for distant and near 
objects respectively. L., cicatric'ular, mass in ma- 
ture ovum produced by blending of germinal vesicle 
and peripheral layer of ovum. L., convergent or 
converging, lens of such shape as to cause rays of 
light to converge to a focus. L., crystalline, crys- 
talline. L., dislocation of, may take place into the 
vitreous, the anterior chamber, or under the conjunc- 
tiva. L., dispersing or divergent or diverging, 
lens of such shape as to cause rays of light to diverge 
fromafocus. L. esculen'ta, Ervum lens. L., Stokes's, 
a convex and a concave lens of same focal distance, 
movable upon each other, with which diagnosis of 
astigmatism may be made. L., suspen'sory lig'a- 
ment of, see Suspensory. 
Lent rose. Narcissus pseudonarcissus. 
Lenticonus, len-te-ko'nus. Cone-shaped protrusion 
from surface of crystalline lens. 
Lenticula, len-tik'u-lah (dim. of Lens). Freckle; 
eruption of lenticular fever; papula lenticularis; 
lentigo. See Ephelides. 
Lenticular, len-tik'u-lar. Having the shape of a 
lens or lentil, as lenticular bone. L. gan'glion, oph- 
thalmic ganglion. L. papil'te, papillae circumval- 
late of the tongue. 
Lenticulares glandulse, len-tik-u-lah'rees glan'- 
du-le. Lenticular glands; mucous follicles having 
the shape of a lentil, observed especially toward the 
base of the tongue. 
Lenticulo-optic, len-tik'u-lo-op'tic. Relating to 
the lenticular nucleus. 
Lentic'ulo-stri'ate. Relating to lenticulate nucleus 
and corpus striatum. 
Lentic'ulo-thal'amic. Relating to lenticulate nu- 
cleus and thalamus opticus. 
Lenticulus, len-tik'u-lus. Orbicular bone. 
Lentiginous (len-tij'in-us) or Lentiginose, len-tij'- 
in-oze. Affected with eruption of lentigo. 
Lentigo, len-te'go. Freckles; sun-spots. See Ephel- 
ides. 
Len'til. Ervum lens. 
Lentiscinum vinum, len-tis'sin-um ve'num (lentis- 
cus, mastich tree). Wine impregnated with mastich. 
Lentiscus vulgaris, len-tis'kus vul-gar'is. Pistacia 
lentiscus. 
Lentitia, len-tish'e-ah. Lentor. 
Lentitis, len-te'tis. Inflammation of the lens; 
phacitis. 
Lentitudo, len-te-tu'do. Torpor. 
Lentor, len'tor (lentus, clammy). Torpor; viscidity 
or siziness of any fluid. See Gluten. 
Lentous, len'tus. Tenacious. 
Lenum (le'num) or Le'nus (pool). Torcular Her- 
ophili. 
Le'o. Leontiasis. 
Leon, le'on (leon, lion). In composition, lion. 
Leonotis leonurus, le-o-no'tis le-o-nu'rus (leon, ous, 
ear.) Wild dagga; lion's tail; minaret flower, ord. 
Labiate. S. African plant of a peculiar smell, nause- 
ous taste, and narcotic effect, employed in chronic 
cutaneous diseases. It is smoked like tobacco, and 
its leaves are cathartic and emmenagogue. In some 
districts of Cape Colony Leonotis ovata is used for 
the same purpose. L. nepetefo'lia, indigenous to 
Africa; ashes are used as an application to ringworm; 
in S. America the plant is used for rheumatism, as 
a diaphoretic. L. ova'ta, see Leonotis leonurus. 
Leontiasis, le-on-te'as-is. Lepra on the face, from 
its fancied resemblance to the face of the lion; Leonine 
and Leontine lepra; also multiple leprosy attacking 
various parts of the body. 
Leonticethalictroides, le-on'te-se thal-ik-tro-e'dees. 
Caulophyllum thalictro'ides. LEONT1ON 
Leontion, le-on'she-on. Leontiasis. 
Leontodon taraxacum, le-on'to-don tar-aks'ak-um 
(leon, odous, tooth). Dandelion; pissabed, ord. Com- 
posite. The young leaves are sometimes eaten as 
salad. The roots are also roasted and used as a sub- 
stitute for cotfee. The root, Taraxacum (Ph. U. S), 
Taraxaci radix, is aperient and diuretic. 
Leontopodium, le-on-to-pod'e-um (leon, pous, foot). 
Alchemilla. 
Leonurus cardiaca, le-on-u'rus kar-de'ak-ah (leon, 
oura, tail; lion's tail). Motherwort, throatwort, ord. 
Labiate; grows in America and Europe. Nauseous 
bitter, and hence used in hysteria and other nervous 
affections, also in amenorrhoea and bronchitis, etc. 
L. lana'tus, Ballota lanata. 
Leopard's (lep'ard's) bane. Arnica montana; 
Doronicum pardalianches. 
Leopold (le'o-pold) lip. See Lip, Leopold's. 
Leper, lep'er. See Leprous. 
Lepia campestris, lep'e-ah kam-pes'tris. Thlaspi 
campestre. L. sati'va, Lepidium iberis. 
Lepidine, lep'id-een (lepis, scale or husk). Base de- 
rived from coal-oil, C28H40O; also base, C10H9N, from 
quinoline; bitter principle from Lepidium iberis, used 
as an antipyretic. 
Lepidium, lep-id'e-um. Pepperwort, Cress, Pepper- 
grass, ord. Crucifer®. Antiscorbutic. L. campes'- 
tre, Thlaspi campestre. L. ibe'ris, this plant pos- 
sesses a warm, pungent taste, like other cresses, and is 
antiscorbutic, antiseptic, and stomachic. L. latifo'- 
lium, L. olera'ceum, of New Zealand, L. piscid'ium 
of S. Sea Islands, L. procum'bens of Southern Europe, 
L. rud'erale of Europe and America, have all been 
used for their antiscorbutic effect. L. sati'vum, green 
mustard; this plant possesses warm, stimulating 
properties, and is used like L. iberis. L. squama'- 
tum, Cochlearia coronopus. L. Virgin'icum, Amer- 
ican wild peppergrass, has been used as antiscorbutic, 
and in diarrhoea, dropsy, etc. 
Lepido, lep'id-o (lepis, scale). In composition, scale. 
Lepidodes (lep-id-o'dees) or Lepidoides, lep-id-o-e'- 
dees. Squamous. 
Lepldosarcoma, lep-id-o-sar-ko'mah. Fleshy tumor, 
covered with scales, described as noticed especially 
in the interior of the mouth. 
Lepidosin, lep-id-o'sin. Analogue in fishes of 
human dentine. ' 
Lepidosis, lep-id-o'sis. Scaly disease. L. ichthyi'- 
asis, ichthyosis. L. ichthyi'asis cornig'era, horny 
excrescences. L. lep'ra, psoriasis. L. lepri'asis, 
lepra. L. pityrl'asis, pityriasis. L. psori'asis, 
psoriasis; eczema squamosum. 
Lepidotis clavata, lep-id-o'tis klav-at'ah. Lyco- 
podium clavatum. 
Lepira, lep'ir-ah. Lepra. 
Lep'is. Scale. 
Lepisma, lep-iz'mah. Squamous portion. 
Lepoid, le'poid (lepos, bark, eidos, resemblance). 
Rough brownish crust sometimes seen on the coun- 
tenances of elderly persons; probably a variety of 
■ epithelioma or lupus. 
Leporinum labium, lep-or-e'num lab'e-um (lepus, 
hare). Hare-lip. L. ros'trum, hare-lip. 
Leporinus oculus, lep-or-e'nus ok'u-lus. Lagoph- 
thalmia. 
Leposteophyton (lep-os-te-of'it-on) or Leposte- 
ophytum, lep-os-te-of'it-um (lepis, osteon, bone, 
phuton, vegetation). Thin scale of bone, the result 
of a morbid growth. 
Lepra, lep'rah (lepros, scaly). Leprosy. Term ap- 
plied to various affections very different in character: 
1. To the Leprosy of the Jews, Eastern leprosy, Leuce, 
Lepidosis, Lepriasis canescens, Lepra mosaica, L. Judse- 
orum, Judaica, or Hebrseorum-a variety of the Alphas 
or Lepra alphoides. The eruption was, generally, not 
scaly, but consisted of smooth, shining patches, on 
which the hair turned white and silky, and the skin, 
with the muscular flesh, lost its sensibility. It was 
incurable. 2. To the Elephantiasis or Lepra of the 
Arabs (see Elephantiasis); and, 3. To the Lepra of the 
Greeks, which includes all the varieties met with at 
625 
LEPRA 
the present day. It is characterized hy scaly patches 
of different sizes, but having always nearly a circular 
form. The three chief varieties of this lepra are- 
1. Lepra alphoides, alba, or albida, Lepidosis, Lepriasis 
albida, Alphos, Morphcea alba, Vitiligo alphas, Albaras 
alba, Albarses, Albaros, White leprosy, Alphous disease. 
Affection characterized by white patches, surrounded 
by a rose-colored areola, appearing here and there on 
the surface ; depressed in the middle. A blotchy and 
not dangerous form of the disease, common in Arabia, 
is termed Baras. Under a more hideous form, called 
Djedam, the joints swell, sluggish and spreading ulcers 
form, causing frightful sores on various parts, and 
death gradually supervenes. 
2. Lepra nigricans, or Melas, or Maculosa nigra, 
Vitiligo melas or nigra, Morphcea or Albaras nigra, Me- 
las,Lepidosis lepriasis nigricans, Black leprosy, in which 
the scales are livid, the size of half a dollar, and 
diffused over the body, but less widely than in the 
Alphoides. French pathologists usually admit three 
species of lepra-scaly, crustaceous, and tubercular. 
3. Lepra vulgaris,Lepidosis lepriasis vulgaris, charac- 
terized by glabrous scales, whitish, size of a crown- 
piece ; preceded by smaller reddish and glossy eleva- 
tions of the skin, encircled by a dry, red, and slightly 
elevated border, often confluent; sometimes covering 
the whole body except the face. 
When associated with syphilis, lepra is called 
Syphilitic lepra, L. syphilitica. 
Lepra appears to be endemic in some parts of the 
world. Imperfect and faulty nutriment contributes 
to its development. Other forms of lepra have been 
described. 
Lepra al'ba or al'bida. See Lepra. L. alboras, 
psoriasis. L. alope'cia, alopecia following lepra or 
psoriasis. L. alpho'i'des, L. vulgaris; psoriasis gut- 
tata, psoriasis nummulata. L. alpho'sis, psoriasis. 
L. ansesthet'ica, anaesthetic leprosy; elephantiasis 
ansesthetica. L. Ar'abum, elephantiasis Arabica. 
L. Astu'rica, see Pellagra. L., black, mal del Pinto. 
L. boreaTis, radzyge. L. circina'ta, psoriasis, cir- 
cinate form. L. crusta'cea or crusto'sa, psoriasis; 
black leprosy. L. cu'tis, leprosy of skin. L. diffu'- 
sa, psoriasis diffusa. L. elephan'tia, elephantiasis 
Grsecorum. L. elephantiasis, see Leprosy. L. fungif 
era or fungifor'mes, elephantiasis papillaris; fram- 
bcesia. L. gangrseno'sa, ngerengere. L. glab'ra, 
anaesthetic leprosy. L. Graeco'rum, lepra, psoriasis. 
L. Hebrseo'rum, see Lepra. L. ichthyo'sis, ichthyo- 
sis. L. Ital'ica, pellagra. L. of the Jews, L. Judaeo'- 
rum or Juda'ica, see Leprosy. L. junctura'rum, L. 
mutilans. L., le'onine or leon'tine, leontiasis. L. 
leu'ce, anaesthetic leprosy. L. Lombardica, pellagra. 
L. maculo'sa, macular form of leprosy. L. maculo'- 
sa ni'gra, L. nigricans. L. Malabar'ica, leprosy of 
Malabar. L. Mediolanen'sis, pellagra. L. me'las, 
black leprosy; lepra nigricans. L. mercuria'lis, ec- 
zema mercuriale. L. morphoe'a, macular form of 
leprosy. L. Mosa'ica, see Lepra. L. mu'tilans, Joint 
evil; form of anaesthetic leprosy, in advanced stages 
of which parts become deeply gangrenous and drop 
off. L. nervo'rum, anaesthetic leprosy; diffuse tu- 
mefaction of nerves. L. ni'gricans, black leprosy; 
also psoriasis with unusually dark patches. L. nodo'- 
sa, tubercular form of leprosy. L. Norve'gica, rad- 
zyge and spedalskhed. L. nummula'ris, psoriasis 
nummularis. L. occidenta'lis, leprosy; elephantiasis 
Graecorum. L. orienta'lis, elephantiasis Arabum. L. 
phlegmat'ica, leprosy. L. pso'rica, psoriasis. L. 
puncta'ta, psoriasis guttata. L. scabio'sa, scabies 
crustosa. L. septentriona'lis, radzyge and spedal- 
skhed. L. squamo'sa, impetigo. L. syphilit'ica, 
syphilitic form of psoriasis; see Lepra. L. Tau'rica, 
leprosy of the Taurians, of the Crimea, or of the 
Cossacks, supposed to have been brought to the Cri- 
mea by troops on the march. L. tuberculo'sa, tuber- 
cular form of leprosy. L. umbro'sa, black leprosy. 
L. universa'lis, general psoriasis. L. ve'ra, leprosy; 
elephantiasis Graecorum; see Lepra. L. vulga'ris, 
psoriasis in large patches; see Lepra. L. of Wil'lan, 
psoriasis. LEPRELCOSIS 
Leprelcosis, lep-rel-ko'sis (lepra, helkosis, ulcera- 
tion). Ulceration from leprosy. 
Lepriasis, lep-re'as-is. Psoriasis; leprosy. L. al'- 
bida, psoriasis. L. ni'gricans, lepra nigricans. L. 
vulga'ris, lepra vulgaris. 
Lepricus (lep're-kus) or Lepro'des. Leprosy. 
Lepromorphe, lep-ro-mor'fe (lepra, morphe, form). 
Variety of leprosy involving the bones. 
Leprophthalmia, lep-rof-thal'me-ah. Leprous form 
of ophthalmia. One so affected is a Leprophthalmus. 
Leprosazrium or Lepro'sery. Hospital for lepers. 
Leprosis (lep-ro'sis) or Lepros'itas. Leprosy. 
Leprosy, lep'ro-se. Chronic endemic constitutional 
affection produced by infection with bacillus leprae, 
attended with infiltration, changes in the nutrition 
of parts, and the appearance of varying cutaneous 
eruptions in the different organs and tissues of the 
body, ending in wasting away, intense diarrhoea, and 
death in almost all cases. The tubercular and anaes- 
thetic forms of leprosy are those generally described. 
L., ansesthet'ic, leprous disease implicating the nerves, 
so that from hypersesthesia at first there soon super- 
venes entire loss of sensibility, occasionally with 
paralysis and disordered nutrition, ulceration, and 
mortification. Elephantiasis anaesthetica. See Lepra 
and Lepra mutilans. L., artic'ular, lepra mutilans. 
L., black, lepra nigricans. L. of Cos'sacks, lepra 
Taurica. L. of the Crime'a, see Lepra Taurica. L., 
cuta'neous, tubercular leprosy; leprosy affecting tis- 
sues of the skin; pemphigus leprosus. L., dry, lep- 
rous disease of hot climates, attended with circum- 
scribed muscular atrophy of hand; anaesthetic leprosy. 
L., East'ern, elephantiasis Arabum; see Leprosy. L., 
Ital'ian, pellagra; lepra mutilans; arthroleprosis. L., 
Lombard'ian, pellagra. L., mac'ular, L. with spots 
of various degrees of discoloration. L. of Mal'abar, 
elephantiasis Arabum. L., nod'ular, tubercular lep- 
rosy. L., North'ern or Norwe'gian, radezyge and 
spedalskhed. L., scab'by, psoriasis. L. of the Tau'- 
rians, see Lepra Taurica. L., trophoneurot'ic, anaes- 
thetic leprosy. L., true, elephantiasis Graecorum. 
L., tuber'cuiar, leprosy attended with tubercular 
growths on the external or internal parts of the body, 
usually on the face, which it disfigures; ulceration 
and mortification or extensive destruction of parts 
usually occur. L., white, form of anaesthetic leprosy; 
macular form, the spots being white; lepra alpho'ides. 
Leprotic (lep-rot'ik) or Leprous, lep'rus. Relating 
to or resembling or affected with leprosy. 
Leprurethrorrhoea, lep-ru-re-thror-rhe'ah. Mucous 
urethral discharge in or after leprosy. 
Lep'sis. Attack of disease. 
Leptandra (lep-tan'drah) purpu'rea (lepto, aner, 
a man). Physic root, Black root, Whorlywort, Culver's 
root, Brinton root, Bowman root. Root is bitter and 
nauseous, and when fresh emetic and cathartic. L. 
Virgin'ica, indigenous plant, growing throughout the 
United States; root, Leptandra, is officinal. 
Leptandrin, lep-tan'drin. Bitter resinous matter 
from Leptandra Virginica; cholagogue cathartic. 
Lepthymenia, lep-thim-en'e-ah. Leptohymenia. 
Lep'to (leptos, light). In composition, thin, light. 
Leptocephalia, lep-to-sef-al'e-ah (lepto, kephale, 
head). Monstrosity with an abnormally small head. 
Leptochasmus, lep-to-kaz'mus (lepto, chasme, a gap). 
Having angle of 94° to 114°, formed by crossing at 
punctum al® vomeris of two lines projected from 
that point to punctum spin® nasalis posterioris and 
punctum foraminis magni anterius. 
Leptochroa (lep-tok'ro-ah) or Leptochros, lep'to- 
kros (lepto, chroa, color). Fineness or thinness of skin. 
Leptochymia, lep-to-kim'e-ah (lepto, chumos, juice). 
Morbid thinness of the juices. 
Leptodermia, lep-to-dur'me-ah (lepto, derma, skin). 
Thinness or fineness of skin. 
Leptohymenia, lep-to-him-en'e-ah (lepto, humen, 
membrane). Thinness or delicacy of membrane. 
Leptomeningitis, lep-to-men-in-je'tis (lepto, meninx, 
membrane). Inflammation of thin membranes, as 
arachnitis meningitis, and encephalitis. L., spi'nal, in- 
flammation of pia materand arachnoid of spinal cord. 
626 
LEUCXEMIA 
Leptomeninx, lep-to-men'inks (lepto, meninx, mem- 
brane). Arachnoid, alone or with pia mater. 
Leptomeria, lep-to-mer'e-ah (lepto, meros, part). 
Fineness or delicacy of bodily formation or build. 
Leptomitus, lep-tom'it-us (lepto, mitos, thread). 
Fungous growth on the skin. 
Leptophonia, lep-to-fo'ne-ah (lepto, phone, voice). 
Weakness or delicacy of voice. 
Leptorrhine, lep'tor-rheen (lepto, rhis, nose). Hav- 
ing nasal index less than 48°. 
Leptosper'mum flaves'cens (lepto, sperma, seed). 
Australian plant; astringent. L. leucaden'drum, 
Melaleuca cajaputi. L. scopa'rium, antiscorbutic. 
Leptothrix, lep'to-thriks (lepto, thrix, hair). Genus 
of micro-organisms having thin filamentous cells 
(Cohn). According to others, any filamentous bac- 
terium. L. autumna'lis, the harvest-bug; important 
medically only on account of the irritation caused by 
it on the skin. L. bucca'lis, Alga of the mouth, a mi- 
croscopic parasitic plant developed in some forms of 
aphthous inflammation, but detected also in the buc- 
cal secretions of healthy persons, and said to produce 
caries of the teeth ; and in discharges from the lacry- 
mal duct, evacuations of typhus fever, etc. L. epi- 
derm'idis or epidermal'is, variety of leptothrix de- 
tected in the epidermis, supposed to cause erythras- 
ma; see Bacillus epidermidis. L. innomina'ta, L. buc- 
calis. L. lacryma'lis, parasitic cheesy growth in 
smaller lacrymal canals. L. max'ima bucca'lis, large 
form of L. buccalis. L. pulmona'lis, L. buccalis. 
Leptotrich'ia. Fineness of hair; leptothrix. 
Leptotrophia, lep-to-trof'e-ah (lepto, trophe, nour- 
ishment). Light nutrition or diet. 
Leptus (lep'tus) America'nus. American harvest- 
mite. Same effects as L. autumnalis; it is identical 
with it, according to some. L. autumna'lis or ir'ri- 
tans, Leptothrix autumnalis. 
Leptyn'sis (leptuno, to make thin). Emaciation. 
Leptyntica, lep-tin'te-kah. Attenuants. 
Leptysmus, lep-tiz'mus. Emaciation. 
Lerema (ler-a'mah) or Leresis, ler-a'sis (lereo, to 
speak foolishly). Foolish loquacity. See Pemewtia. 
Leros, le'ros. Delirium. See Dementia. 
Les'bian love. Sexual intercourse between women. 
Leseolus, les-e'ol-us. According to Paracelsus, 
transparent salt which cured jaundice ; hence Leseoli 
morbus, jaundice. 
Lesion, le'zhun (liedo, liesum, to injure). Derange- 
ment, disorder; morbid change, either in exercise of 
functions or in texture of organs. Organic lesion is 
synonymous with organic disease. L. of continu'ity, 
see Continuity, solution of. L. of nutri'tion, morbid 
change in the process of nutrition. 
Letalitas, le-tal'it-as (letum, death). See Mortal. 
Lethal, le'thal. Mortal. 
Lethalis, le-thal'is (lethum, death). Lethiferous, 
mortal. 
Lethalitas (le-thal'it-as) or Lethality, le-thal'it-e. 
See Mortal. 
Lethargic, le-thar'jik (lethe, oblivion, argos, in- 
active), Relating to or affected with lethargy. 
Lethargy, leth'ar-je. Constant stupor or torpor 
from which it is almost impossible to arouse the in- 
dividual; if aroused, he speedily relapses into his 
former condition. L., Af'rican, African sleeping 
sickness. L., ne'gro, African sleeping sickness. 
Lethea, leth-e'ah (lethe, oblivion). Papaver. 
Letheon, le'the-on (lethe, oblivion). A name at first 
given to ether when inhaled as an anaesthetic. 
Lethiferous, leth-if'er-us (lethe, oblivion, phero, to 
bear). Death-bearing; deadly; causing sleep. 
Lethum, la'thum. Death. 
Letterwort, let'ur-wurt. Hellebore. 
Let'ting blood. Bloodletting. 
Lettuce, let'tus. Lactuca. L., blue, Mulgedium 
acuminatum. L., false, Mulgedium floridanum. L., 
In'dian, see Columba. L., o'pium, see Lactuca. L., 
strong-scent'ed, Lactuca virosa. L., white, Nabalus 
albus. L., wild, Lactuca elongata. 
Letum, la'tum. Death. 
Leucaemia, lu-ke'me-ah (leuco, haima, blood). Con- LEUCJEMIC 
dition of the blood in which it is deficient in coloring 
matter. See Leucocythsemia. 
Leucaemic, lu-ke'mik. Leucocythaemic. 
Leucaethiopia, lu-ke-the-o'pe-ah (leuco, Aithiops, 
Ethiopian). Albino negro. See Albino. 
Leucaethiops, lu-ke'the-ops. Albino. 
Leucangeii'tis (leuco, angeion, vessel). Inflamma- 
tion of the lymphatics. 
Leucania, lu-kan'e-ah. Laucania. 
Leucanthemum, lu-kan'the-mum (leuco, anthemon, 
flower). Anthemis nobilis, Matricaria chamomilla. 
L. vulga're, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
Leucasmus, lu-kaz'mus (leukos, white). Whitening; 
blanching. Deficiency of pigment-formation in the 
skin. L. cu'tis, see Achroma and Leucoderma. L. 
figura'tus, circumscribed leucoderma; vitiligo; see 
Achroma. L. universalis, albinism; see Albino. 
Leuce, lu'se. Herpes exedens, lepra alba. 
Leucelectrum, lu-sel-ek'trum (leuco, elektron, amber). 
Succinum (album). 
Leuchsemia, lu-ke'me-ah. Leucaemia. 
Leucic acid, lu'sik as'id (leukos, white). Acid ob- 
tained by subjecting leucin to action of nitric acid. 
Leucin, lu'sin. White crystalline substance result- 
ing from the disintegration of albuminous substances 
well supplied with nitrogen; found in the pancreas, 
spleen, thymus, etc., and is produced in gangrene of 
the liver, spleen, lungs, etc., in the urine of typhoid 
fever, and in acute yellow atrophy of the liver (Leu- 
cinosis), leucin being one of its chief products. 
Leucino'sis. Acute yellow atrophy of the liver. 
Leucis'mus. Albinism. 
Leucitis, lu-se'tis. Sclerotitis. 
Leuco, lu'ko (leukos, white). In composition, white. 
Leucoblasts, lu'ko-blasts (leuco, blastos, shoot). Cells 
in red marrow of bones, possibly at a later period red 
corpuscles; leucoplast; leucocyte. 
Leucochroos, lu-kok'ro-os (leuco, chroa, skin). 
White skin. 
Leucocyte, lu'ko-site (leuco, kutos, cell). Amceboid 
or lymphoid cell; white blood-corpuscle. See Cytoid, 
Globules of the blood, and Sarcophyte. 
Leucocythsemia, lu-ko-sith-e'me-ah (leuco, kutos, 
cell, haima, blood). Leucaemia; white-cell blood. 
Condition of the blood consisting in a superabundant 
development of the white corpuscles-• Polyleucocy- 
thxmia-a disease at times accompanied by enlarge- 
ment of the spleen and liver, and by increased size 
of the lymphatic glands (organs which are concerned 
in haematosis or Lymphsemia), anaemia, fever, hemor- 
rhages, etc. It is usually fatal. It is the Leucocytosis 
of Virchow. The red corpuscles are diminished in 
number. L., ad'enoid, same condition, alterations 
in blood being due to enlargement of lymphatic 
glands in various parts of the body. L., essen'tial, 
chronic form of 1. commonly met with. See Leuco- 
cythsemia. L., gan'glionar or ganglionic, L., adenoid. 
L., idiopathic, L., essential. L., lymphatic, L., 
adenoid. L., med'ullary or myelogenic, L. affect- 
ing medullary tissue of bones. L., progressive, L., 
627 
LEUCOMAINE 
essential. L., splen'ic, L. in which the spleen is par- 
ticularly involved; cachexia splenica. 
Leucocytogenesis, lu-ko-se-to-jen'es-is. Formation 
or development of white corpuscles or leucocytes. 
Leucocytoma, lu-ko-se-to'mah. Tumor, elements of 
which resemble white corpuscles or leucocytes. 
Leucocytosis, lu-ko-se-to'sis (leuco, kutos, cell). See 
Leucocythsemia. 
Leucocytotic, lu-ko-se-tot'ik. Relating or apper- 
taining to leucocytosis. 
Leucodendron, lu-ko-den'dron (Zewco, dendron, tree). 
Melaleuca cajaputi. 
Leucoderma (lu-ko-dur'mah) or Leucodermia (leuco, 
derma, skin). See Achroma, Albinism, Vitiligo. 
Leucohsemia, lu-ko-he'me-ah. Leucocythsemia. 
Leucoinoitis, lu-ko-in-o-e'tis (leuco, is, fibre). Inflam- 
mation of white fibrous tissues, bronchial especially. 
Leucoium, lu-koi'um (leuco, ion, violet). Lunaria 
rediviva. L. lu'teum, Cheiranthus cheiri. L. ver'num, 
spring snowflake; bulb is applied to abscesses. 
Leu'col. Leukoleolinum; quinoline. 
Leucolachanum, lu-ko-lak'an-um. Valerian. 
Leucolein, lu-ko'le-in. Leukoleinum; leucoline. 
Leucoma, lu-ko'mah. Leucoma and albugo are 
often used synonymously to denote white opacity 
of the cornea. Both are essentially different from 
nebula of the cornea, the latter being usually the 
result of chronic ophthalmia and an effusion of milky 
serum into the texture of the delicate continuation 
of the conjunctiva over the cornea; the others are 
the result of violent, acute ophthalmia or keratitis. 
In this state thick, coagulable lymph is extravasated 
from the arteries into the substance of the cornea. 
On other occasions the disease consists of a firm, cal- 
lous cicatrix on this membrane, the effect of a wound 
or ulcer with loss of substance. Also albumin ; con- 
junctiva; leucoplakia. L. adhae'rens, white opacity 
of cornea, with adhesion of iris to back part of cornea ; 
anterior synechia. L. al'bum, albugo. L. geronto- 
tox'on, arcus senilis. L. margarita'ceum, see Mar- 
garitaceus. 
Leucomaine, lu-ko-ma'in (leucoma, white of egg). 
Term variously applied, at first to cadaveric alkaloids 
(now called ptomaines) detected in different forms of 
excreta ; then to toxic alkaloids resulting from action 
of bacterial ferments on albuminoid substances; lat- 
terly to animal alkaloids detected in the healthy living 
animal body, and described as entirely distinct from 
ptomaines. The leucomaines proper are divided into 
two distinct groups-1, the Uric Acid group, because 
resembling that acid in chemical combination, in- 
cluding adenine, hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine, 
heteroxanthine, paraxanthine, carnine, pseudoxan- 
thine, gerontine, and spermine; 2, the Creatinine 
group, because resembling it in chemical composition, 
including cruso-creatinine, xantho-creatinine, amphi- 
creatine, and two yet unnamed bases. Several other 
bases are yet unstudied or not clearly understood. 
The following table by Vaughan and Novy presents 
a useful list of the known leucomaines: 
Formula. 
Name. 
Discoverer. 
Source. 
Physiological action. 
C5 H5 n5 
Adenine. 
Kossel. 
Nuclein-containing organs. 
Non-poisonous; muscle stimulant. 
C5 H4 .N4 0 
Hypoxanthine. 
Scherer. 
Nuclein-containing organs. 
Non-poisonous; muscle stimulant. 
c5 H, N5 0 
Guanine. 
Unger. 
Nuclein-containing organs, guano. 
Non-poisonous; muscle stimulant. 
c5 n4 n4 o2 
Xanthine. 
Marcet. 
Nuclein-containing organs, calculi. 
Non-poisonous; muscle stimulant. 
c6 II8 n4 o2 
Heteroxanthine. 
Salomon. 
Urine. 
C7 Nt 0* 
Paraxanthine. 
Thudichum, 
Salomon. 
Urine. 
Poisonous. 
Carnine. 
Weidel. 
Liebig's meat extract. 
Non-poisonous; muscle stimulant. 
c4 h5 n5 0 
Pseudoxanthine (?) 
Gautier. 
Muscle. 
c5 h14n2 
Gerontine. 
Grandis. 
Liver of dogs. 
Poisonous. 
C2 Hi N (?) 
Spermine. 
Schreiner. 
Sperma, in tissues of leucocythaemics. 
Non-poisonous. 
c5 h8 n4 () 
Cruso-creatinine. 
Gautier. 
Muscle. 
C Hj0N4 0 
Xantho-creatinine. 
Gautier. 
Muscle. 
Poisonous. 
Amphi-creatinine. 
Gautier. 
Muscle. 
CnH24NloO5 
Unnamed. 
Gautier. 
Muscle. 
Ci?H25NuO5 
Unnamed. 
Gautier. 
Muscle. 
c7 h12n4 o' 
Unnamed. 
Pouchet. 
Urine. 
c, hJ-n62 
Unnamed. 
Pouchet. 
Urine. 
C34H60N2 Og 
Salamandarine. 
Zalesky. 
Salamander. 
Poisonous. LEUCOMATORRHCEA 
Leucomatorrhoea, lu - ko-mat-or-rhe' ah (leucoma, 
rheo, to flow). Increased whitish secretion or flow, as 
of saliva, albumen (as in albuminuria), vaginal secre- 
tion (leucorrhcea). 
Leucomatosis, lu-ko-mat-o'sis. Increase of albumen 
in a part, as cornea, articulations, etc. Amyloid de- 
generation. 
Leucomelanous, lu-ko-mel'an-us (leuco, melas, 
black). Epithet applied to those having pale skin 
and dark hair. 
Leucomma, lu-kom'mah. Leucoma. 
Leucomoria, lu-ko-mo're-ah (leuco, feeble, moria, 
fatuity). Form of erratic melancholy. 
Leucomycosis, lu-ko-me-ko'sis (leuco, mukes, fun- 
gus). Leucocythsemia, from belief that it is of 
germ origin. 
Leucomyelitis, luk-o-me-el-e'tis (leuco, muelos, mar- 
row). Inflammation of white matter of spinal cord. 
Tabes dorsalis. 
Leucomyelopathy, lu-ko-mi-el-op'ath-e (leuco, 
muelos, marrow, pathos, disease). Disease of white 
matter of spinal cord. 
Leuconecrosis, lu-ko-nek-ro'sis. Form of dry gan- 
grene, the opposite in appearance to anthraconecrosis. 
Leuconos'toc. Genus of family of Coccacece in 
chains or links surrounded with a gelatinous sheath. 
Leuconymphaea, lu-ko-nimf-e'ah. Nymphrea alba. 
Leucopathia, lu-ko-path-e'ah (leuco, pathos, affec- 
tion). See Albino, Chlorosis. Achromatosis; leuco- 
derma. L. acquls'ita, vitiligo. L. congenita'lis, 
albinism. L. genera'lis, albinism. L. partia'lis, L. 
limited as to space occupied. L. universa'lis, albin- 
ism. 
Leucophagium, lu-ko-faj'e-um (leuco, phago, to eat). 
Blauc-mange. 
Leucophlegmasia (lu-ko-fleg-maz'e-ah) or Leuco- 
phlegmatia, luk-o-fleg-mah'she-ah (leuco, phlegma, 
phlegm). Dropsical habit; hydrocachexia; anasarca; 
oedema ; emphysema. L. Althiop'um, cachexia Afri- 
cana; chthonophagia. C. do'lens puerpera'rum, 
phlegmasia alba dolens. 
Leucophlegmatic, (lu-ko-fleg-mat'ik. Having dis- 
position to general dropsy, with other leucaemic symp- 
toms. 
Leucophthalmous, lu-kof-thal'mus (leuco, ophthal- 
mos, eye). Having unusual whiteness of eye. 
Leucopiper, lu-kop'ip-ur. Piper album. 
Leucoplakia, lu-ko-plak'e-ah (leuco, plax, surface). 
Whiteness of surface, as in L. buccalis; chronic in- 
flammation of the tongue with whitish patches ; ich- 
thyosis of the tongue. 
Leucoplasia, lu-ko-plaz'e-ah. Leucoplakia. 
Leucoplast, lu'ko-plast (leuco, plasso, to form). 
Leucoblast. 
Leucoplaxia, lu-ko-plaks'e-ah. Leucoplakia. 
Leucops, lu'kops. Leucophthalmus. 
Leucopyria, lu-ko-pir'e-ah (leuco, pur, fire). Hectic 
fever. 
Leucorrhagia, lu-kor-rhah'je-ah. Excessive leucor- 
rliEeal discharge. 
Leucorrheic (lu-kor-rhe'ik),Leucorrhe'al (same ety- 
mon as Leucorrhcea). Relating or appertaining to 
leucorrhcea. 
Leucorrhcea, lu-kor-rhe'ah (Zeaco, rheo, to flow). The 
whites, uterine catarrh. Uterine leucorrhcea, more or less 
abundant discharge of white, yellowish, or greenish 
mucus, resulting from acute or chronic inflammation, 
or from irritation of the membrane lining the genital 
organs of the female. Vaginal Leucorrhcea or Catarrh 
has been termed Blennorrhcea or Fluor albus vaginse, 
Leucorrhcea, Medorrhoea vaginse, Vaginitis, Elytroblen- 
norrhoea, Colporrhoea. Uterine leucorrhcea has received 
the names Fluor albus uteri or metricalis, Catarrhus 
uteri, Leucorrhcea or Medorrhoea uteri, Metroblennor- 
rhoea, Blennometritis, Blenmetrorrhcea, Metroblennozemia, 
Metrocatarrhus, Metroleucorrhoea. It is often attended 
with pain and a sense of heaviness in the loins, ab- 
domen, and thighs, disordered digestive functions, 
etc. There are few women not occasionally subject 
to moderate leucorrhcea. Attention to the general 
health, change of air, keeping up a perspirable sta,te 
628 
LEVATOR 
of the surface by flannel worn next the skin, the 
horizontal posture, etc., do more than pharmaceutical 
agents, which are almost entirely confined to astrin- 
gent injections, which may be employed when the 
discharge is great. Vulvar leucorrhcea sometimes occurs 
in childhood especially; and Cervical leucorrhcea, orig- 
inating in the cervix uteri, chiefly mucous, at the child- 
bearing period. L. ana'lis, see Heemorrhois. L., cer'- 
vical, see Leucorrhcea. L., in''fantile, see Leucorrhcea. 
L., intra-u'terine, uterine leucorrhcea; see Leucorrhcea. 
L. masculi'na, gonorrhoea. L., men'strual, leucor- 
rhcea in girls who do not menstruate properly, the 
discharge seeming to be a substitute for the healthy 
menstrual sanguineous flow. L., mu'cous, opaque, 
cheesy discharge from the vagina. L. Nabo'thi, see 
Parturition. L., tu'bal, leucorrhcea from Fallopian 
tube. L., u'terine, see Leucorrhcea. L., vagi'nal, see 
Leucorrhcea. L., vul'var, see Leucorrhcea. 
Leucorrhois, luk-or'rho-is (leuco, rheo, to flow). See 
Hcemorrhois. 
Leucoses, lu-ko'sees. Diseases of the lymphatic ap- 
paratus ; anaemia in its various forms. 
Leucosis, lu-ko'sis. Leucoma; paleness; anaemia; 
albinism; achromatosis; disease of lymphatic system. 
Leucotin, lu'ko-tin. C21H20O6. Chief ingredient 
in paracoto bark. 
Leucous, lu'kus. White; applied to people with 
fair complexion and red or yellow hair. 
Leucuresis, lu-ku-re'sis (leuco, ouron, urine). Al- 
buminuria. 
Leukaemia (lu-ke'me-ah) or Leukhaemia, lu-ke'- 
me-ah. Leucaemia. 
Leuke, lu'ke. Leprosy. 
Leukhaemic, lu-ke'mik. Leucaemic. 
Leuk'ocyte. Leucocyte. 
Leukocyto'sis. Leucocytosis. 
Leukoder'ma. Leucoderma. 
Leukoleinum, lu-ko-le-e'num (leuco, elaion, oil). 
Leucolein, Chinolein, Chinolin, Quinolin. The product 
of the dry distillation of coal, mixed with picolin, 
anilin, and other substances in mineral tar; pro- 
cured also by heating quinia, cinchonia, and strych- 
nia with as concentrated a ley of potassa as can be 
made. 
Leukon, lu'kon. White of egg. 
Leva'men (levo, to raise). Palliative remedy; re- 
mission. 
Levant' worm'seed. Artemisia santonica. 
Levator, lev-at'or (levo, to raise). Elevator; term 
applied to certain muscles; instrument to raise bone, 
etc. L. a'lae na'rium or na'si, dilator naris; nasal 
portion of L. labii superioris alaeque nasi. L. an'guli 
o'ris, small, flat, long, quadrilateral muscle, arising 
from the fossa canina and inserted at the commissure 
of the lips, where it is confounded with the triangu- 
laris ; it raises the corner of the mouth and draws it 
toward the ear. L. an'guli scap'ulae, muscle passing 
from posterior tubercles of fourth or fifth cervical 
vertebrae to superior angle of scapula and vicinity. 
L. a'ni, muscle situate at the lower part of the pel- 
vis ; broad, flat, quadrilateral, and broader above 
than below. It represents a kind of membranous 
partition closing the outlet of the pelvis, and its 
upper concavity is opposed to that of the diaphragm. 
It is attached above to the posterior surface of the 
body of the pubis, to the upper part of the obturator fo- 
ramen, and to the spine of the ischium, and is inserted 
into the coccyx, into an aponeurotic line common to 
it and its fellow, and into the lateral parts of the 
rectum. This muscle supports the rectum, raises it, 
and carries it upward during evacuation of excre- 
ment. It can also compress the bladder and vesiculae 
seminales, and thus favor the expulsion of urine and 
sperm. L. a'ni par'vus, transversus perinaei. L. 
auric'ulae or au'ris, attollens aurem. L. cau'dae 
bre'vis, sacro-coccygeus superior. L. clavic'ulae, 
muscle of lower animals (sometimes anomalous in 
man as slip of levator anguli scapulae), arising from 
transverse processes of several cervical vertebrae, as 
from the second (cleido-epistropheus), the fourth and 
fifth (scalenus accessorius), and the sixth (clei- LEVATORES 
do-cervicalis imus), and passing to the clavicle. L. 
coccy'gis, coccygeus. L. glan'dulae thyreoi'deae, 
muscle occasionally found connected with the upper 
border or isthmus of the thyroid gland, and attached 
superiorly to the body of the os hyoides or to the 
thyroid cartilage. Several anomalous muscles are so 
named, slips from crico-thyreoideus, sterno-thyreoi- 
deus or thyreo-hyoideusmuscles. L. glot'tidis, genio- 
epiglotticus. L. hu'meri, mastoido-humeralis. L.hu'- 
meri inter'nus, coraco-brachialis. L. intesti'ni rec'ti, 
L. ani. L. la'bii inferio'ris, small muscle situate 
before the symphysis menti; attached by its apex 
to a fossette at the side of the symphysis in the 
inferior maxillary bone. Its fibres proceed, diverging 
and vanishing in the manner of a tuft on the skin of 
the chin ; this muscle raises the chin and pushes 
upward the lower lip. L. la'bii superio'ris alae'que 
na'si, fleshy, thin, triangular muscular bundle situate 
at the sides of the nose; arises from ascending pro- 
cess of the superior maxillary bone; its fibres des- 
cend divergingly, to be inserted into the ala of the 
nose and in the upper lip. This muscle raises the 
upper lip and ala nasi, which it draws a little out- 
ward. L. la'bii superio'ris ma'jor or pro'prius, 
thin, flat, quadrilateral muscle situate at the middle 
and inner part of the face; arising from os make and 
os maxillare superius, and inserted into the upper lip 
which it raises, at the same time carrying it a little 
outward. L. la'bii superio'ris mi'nor, portion of 
L. labii superioris ateque nasi, inserted into the upper 
lip. L. labio'rum commu'nis, L. anguli oris. L. 
lin'guse, styloglossus. L. men'ti, L. labii inferioris 
medius posterior. L. na'si pro'prius, anomalous 
muscular fibres beneath the compressor naris. L. oc'- 
uli, rectus superior oculi. L. oesoph'agi, crico-oesopha- 
geus anterior. L. pala'ti or.pala'ti mol'lis, long, nar- 
row muscle arising from the lower surface of the pars 
petrosa and cartilage of the Eustachian tube, and in- 
serted into the substance of the velum palati; its use is 
to raise the velum palati. L. pal'pebrae superio'ris, 
long, small, thin muscle, situate at the upper part of 
the orbitar cavity; by its posterior extremity inserted 
into the little ala of the sphenoid bone, immediately 
in front of the foramen opticum, and by its anterior 
expanded extremity terminating at the upper margin 
of the tarsal cartilage of the eyelid. It raises the 
upper eyelid, draws it backward, and sinks it into 
the orbit. L. pe'nis, compressor verne dorsalis. L. 
perinae'i, L. ani; also vaginal speculum intended to 
raise the perineum to facilitate uterine exploration. 
L. pharyn'gis, stylo-pharyngeus, palato-pharyngeus. 
L. pharyn'go-larynge'us, stylo-pharyngeus. L. pro'- 
prius scap'ulae, L. anguli scapulae. L. pros'tatae, 
anterior fibres of the levator ani, embracing the pros- 
tate ; compressor prostate. L. pupil'lae, rectus supe- 
rior oculi. L. quin'tus a'ni, coccygeus. L. scap'ulae 
or an'guli scap'ulae, muscle so called because it is 
attached to the upper and internal angle of the scap- 
ula ; situate at the posterior and lateral part of the 
neck, and at the upper part of the back. It is long, 
flat, and broader above than below; inserted into the 
superior internal angle of the scapula, and into the 
tops of the transverse processes of the first four cer- 
vical vertebrae. It depresses the prominence of the 
shoulder by raising the posterior angle of the scapula, 
on which it impresses a kind of rotary motion; it 
can also draw the head to one side. L. scap'ulae 
pro'prius, levator scapulae. L. scro'ti, cremaster. 
L. ure'thrae, portion of the transversus perinaei mus- 
cle; Wilson's muscle. L. u'vulae, azygos muscle. L. 
ve'li palati, peristaphylinus internus. 
Levatores (lev-at-or'ees) costa'rum bre'ves. Mus- 
cles from transverse processes of the seventh cervical 
and all the dorsal vertebrae except the last two ribs. L. 
c. lon'gi, muscles to outer surfaces of lower ribs from 
transverse process of vertebra second above each 
costo-vertebral articulation; supracostales. 
Leven, lev'en (levo, to raise). Ferment. 
Lever, le'vur (levo, to raise). Inflexible rod turn- 
ing round a fixed point and used for moving bodies, 
bearing burdens, or raising them. The point on 
629 
LIBIDO 
which the lever moves is called the fulcrum, hypo- 
mochlion. Force moving the lever is called the 
power; weight to be moved, the resistance. There 
are three kinds of levers. A lever of the first kind 
has the fulcrum between the power and resistance, as 
motion of head or neck, the first cervical vertebra 
forming the fulcrum. A lever of the second kind 
has the resistance between the fulcrum and power, as 
in raising on tiptoe, the fulcrum being the ground 
under the toes. A lever of the third kind has the 
power between the fulcrum and resistance, as in flex- 
ion of the forearm or the arm, elevation of the arm, 
etc. In the human body the bones represent levers; 
the muscles of locomotion are powers; the weight of 
parts to be moved constitutes the resistance. The 
fulcra are, at times, the joints; at others, the ground, 
etc. 
An obstetric lever, or vectis, is an instrument curved 
at the extremity, and having a fenestra; used to assist 
the extraction of the child's head when instrumental 
aid is necessary, either as a lever proper or as a trac- 
tor. Levers are also used by dentists for extracting 
stumps, etc. 
Leviathan penis, le-vi'ath-an pe'nis. Penis of the 
whale, formerly given in dysentery, leucorrhoea, im- 
potence, etc. 
Levigated, lev'e-ga-ted. Having the consistence of 
fine powder. 
Levigation, lev-e-ga'shun (laevigo, to make smooth). 
Operation by which bodies are reduced to very fine 
powder, as by trituration, elutriation, etc. 
Levisticum, le-vis'tik'um. Ligusticum levisticum. 
Levulin, lev'u-lin. Lsevulin. 
Levulose (lev'u-loze) (hevus, left) or Lsev'ulose. 
Fruit-sugar, isomeric with dextrose; possesses the 
power of rotating plane of polarized light to the 
left. CfiOnHs. Gummy substance associated with 
glucose in fruits, and pathologically in urine in 
diabetes. 
Lexipharmac, leks-e-far'mak (lexis, cessation, phar- 
makon, drug or poison). Alexipharmic. 
Lexipyretic, leks-e-pir-et'ik (lexis, cessation, pur, 
fire). Febrifuge. 
Ley, li. Lixivium, lye. L., soap, liquor potassai. 
Leyden battery, li'den bat'ter-e. Electrical bat- 
tery containing a number of Leyden jars which are 
connected with one another on the inner and outer 
side. L. jar. Jar coated with tin foil for the pur- 
pose of charging it with electricity. 
Leysera gnaphaloides, li-se'rah naf-al-o-e'des 
(after Fr. W. von Leyser of Halle). S. African 
plant, ord. Composite, emollient and used at the 
Cape in catarrh, bronchitis, and even in phthisis. 
Liatris odoratis'sima, dog tongue; herb, native 
of the Southern United States; leaves have an odor of 
vanilla, L. scario'sa and L. squarro'sa, Throatwort, 
Sowwort, Backache root, Devilsbite, Blazing star, Prairie 
pines, Rough root, are called, from reputed powers in 
bites from rattlesnakes, Rattlesnake's master. Roots 
bruised are applied to the wound ; decoction in milk 
is given externally. L. spica'ta, Gayfeather, Button 
snakeroot, Devil's bit, Colicroot, ord. Compositse; indig- 
enous plant, in the Middle and Southern States, with 
purple compound flowers like a spike; root is diuretic; 
used in gonorrhoea and as a gargle in sore throat. 
Libanotis annua, lib-an-o'tis an'nu-ah (frankin- 
cense tree). Athamanta Cretensis. L. corona'ria, 
rosmarinus. L. Creten'sis, Athamanta Cretensis. L. 
hirsu'ta, Athamanta Cretensis. 
Libanotus (lib-an-o'tus) or Libanus, lib'an-us. 
Frankincense. See Juniperus lycia. 
Liber pharmaceuticus, le'ber far-mah-su'tik-us 
(pharmaceutical book). Dispensatory. 
Liberation, lib-er-a'shun. Setting free. L. of the 
arms, operation of bringing down arms of foetus when 
in presenting they are placed against the side of the 
head. 
Libidinis (lib-id'in-is) se'des (seat of lust). Clit- 
oris. 
Libidinous, lib-id'in-us (libido, lust). Lewd ; lustful. 
Libido, lib-e'do. Desire; necessity, as L. urinse, de- LI BOS 
sire to evacuate the bladder; L. intestini, desire to 
evacuate the bowels; L. sexualis, sexual desire, etc. 
Prurigo; salacitas. 
Libos, le'bos (leibo, to weep). Defluxion from the 
eyes. 
Libra, le'brah. Pound. 
Licentiate, li-sen'she-ate (licet, it is permitted). One 
licensed to practise his profession. 
Lichanos, lik'an-os. Index finger. See Digitus. 
Lichen, li'ken. Diffuse, dry, red papular eruption, 
accompanied by a troublesome sense of tingling or 
pricking; some forms are varieties of eczema. Also 
a plant so called. L. a'grius or a'grius fe'rox, 
wild lichen, is distinguished by pimples in clus- 
ters or patches, surrounded by a red halo, the cuticle 
growing gradually harsh, thickened, and chappy; 
often preceded by general irritation, as itching, des- 
quamation, fissures, etc. In addition to antiphlogis- 
tics, cooling applications may be used to allay itching. 
Eczema papulosum. L. annula'tus, circinate form 
of lichen on the trunk, generally chronic eczema fol- 
liculare. L. aphtho'sus, ord. Lichenaceae, is cathartic 
and anthelmintic. L. ar'borum, L. pulmonarius. L., 
arthrit'ic, see L. circumscriptus, L. lividus, L. pilaris. 
L. barba'tus plica'tus, L. plicatus. L. cani'nus, ash- 
colored ground liverwort; cryptogamous plant long 
considered capable of curing rabies canina ; used also 
in mania and spasmodic asthma. L. car'rageen, Fucus 
crispus. L. cetra'ria, cetraria. L. cine'reus ter- 
res'tris, L. caninus. L. circina'tus, cutaneous affec- 
tion with well-defined red circular groups of acne- 
like papules; pityriasis rosea. L. circumscrip'tus is 
characterized by clusters or patches of papulae, hav- 
ing a well-defined margin and an irregularly circular 
form, continuing for six or eight weeks. L. coccif'- 
erus, L. pyxidatus. L. cor'neus, lichen with elevated 
horny patches. L. eczemato'des, eczema lichenodes. 
L., eczem'atous, eczema. L. eryngifo'lius, L. Island- 
icus. L. fe'rus, lichen agrius. L. flor'idus hir'tus, 
L. plicatus. L. gyra'tus, coalescence of several cir- 
cles of lichen circumscriptus. L. hsemorrha'gicus, 
purpuric papules or maculae at ends of follicles on 
the skin. L., herpet'ic, L. agrius; L. herpetiformis. 
L. hir'tus, L. plicatus. L., hypertroph'lc, condition 
of skin in which there are flat fungous vegetations; 
mycosis fungoides; lichen corneus. L. of in'fants, 
strophulus. L. invetera'tus, chronic obstinate form 
of L. agrius, in which the skin is rough and dense. L. 
Island'icus, Iceland lichen, I. liverwort, I. moss; in- 
odorous plant with bitter mucilaginous taste; tonic, 
demulcent, nutrient. Dose, 5j to iv, being first 
steeped in water holding carbonate of potash in solu- 
tion to extract the bitter, and then boiled in milk. 
Bitter principle extracted from it is variously termed 
Cetrarin, Cetrarinum, Cetrarium. Lichenin has been 
given in intermittents. L. lacinia'tus, L. saxatilis. 
L. liv'idus, papulae are dark red or livid without 
fever, and more permanent. It requires the mineral 
acids and bark. L. men'ti, sycosis. L., net'tie, 
lichen urticatus; hair lichen. L. obtu'sus, form of 
L. ruber with round, flat, circumscribed patches. L. 
parieti'nus, Parmelia parietina. L. pila'ris, modifi- 
cation of the nettle lichen, papulae appearing at the 
roots of the hair. L. pla'nus, chronic eruption of 
crimson-red papules, flattened, smooth, occurring on 
the front of the forearm above the wrist, the waist, 
place of attachment of the garter, etc., with pruritus. 
L. plica'tus, plant applied by Laplanders as astrin- 
gent to bleeding vessels and to excoriated parts. L. 
prurigino'sus, see Strophulus. L. pulmona'rius, Oak- 
lungs, Tree lungwort, Hazel crottles, Hazel raw; sub- 
astringent, somewhat acid plant, formerly used in 
lung diseases. L. pyxida'tus, cup-moss; subastrin- 
gent; decoction used in whooping cough. L. reticu- 
la'tus, L. pulmonarius. L. rocel'la, Litmus, Orchil, 
Canary archell, Chinny weed, Herb archell, Turnsole; 
used to allay cough in phthisis. Blue pigment, Litmus, 
is used as delicate test for acid, in the urine for ex- 
ample, being reddened by acids. Its blue color is re- 
stored by alkalies. L. ru'ber, this includes L. ruber 
acuminatus and L. planus, and sometimes L. ruber 
630 
LIENTERY 
obtusus. L. ruber acuminat'us is a papulo-squamous 
disease, the papules and scales gradually forming a 
rough corneous crust. L. ru'ber plan'us, see L.planus. 
L. saxat'ilis, moss formerly held in high estimation 
in head affections. L. scrofulo'rum or scrofulo'sus, 
chronic papular disease of trunk of body of scrofu- 
lous persons. L. sim'plex, eruption of red papulae, 
appearing first on the face or arms, and afterward 
extending over the body, preceded by slight febrile 
irritation, which usually ceases when the eruption 
appears, with an unpleasant sense of tingling dur- 
ing the night. L. spu'rius, L. caninus. L. stella'- 
tus, Marchantia polymorpha. L. tincto'rius, L. 
saxatilis. L. trop'icus, prickly heat, summer rash. 
Pimples are bright red and of the size of a 
small pin's head, with heat, itching, and prick- 
ing, as if by needles. It is local, produced by ex- 
cessive heat, and disappears when the weather be- 
comes cooler or the individual is inured to the cli- 
mate. An eczematous affection called chuna, pro- 
duced by the same cause, is described by Tschudi as 
prevalent in the elevated parts of Peru. L. urtica'- 
tus or net'tle li'chen consists of papulae accompanied 
by wheals like those of nettle rash. A variety of 
this is said to be called, in America, blights. Urticaria 
papulosa. L., vac'cine, see Roseola. L., wall, Par- 
melia parietina. L., wild, Lichen agrius. 
Licheniasis adultorum, lik-en-e'as-is ad-ul-to'rum. 
Lichen. L. stroph'ulus, strophulus. 
Lichenic, li-ken'ik. Pertaining to lichens. 
Lichenin, li'ken-in. CeHioOs. Substance in color- 
less masses from cetraria, other lichens, etc. It re- 
sembles granulose. See Lichen Islandicus. 
Lichenoid, li'ken-oid {lichen, eidos, resemblance). 
Eesembling lichen. Chronic spreading eruption on 
the tongue. Starchy substance from Iceland moss, 
more soluble than lichenin. 
Lichenous, li'ken-us. Eelating or appertaining 
to lichen. 
Lichens, li'kens. Order of perennial cryptogamic 
plants deriving their nourishment from the air. 
Licinium, lis-in'e-um (linum, thread). Tent. 
Licorice, lik'or-is. Glycyrrhiza. L. bush or vine, 
Abrus precatorius. L., com'pound mix'ture of, mis- 
tura glycyrrhizse composita. L., com'pound pow'der 
of, pulvis glycyrrhiz© compositus. L., ex'tract of, 
extractum glycyrrhizge. L., In'dian or Jamaica, 
Abrus precatorius. L. stick, extractum glycyrrhizae. 
Liculmen, lik'ul-men. Garum. 
Lid. Covering; eyelid. L., gill, operculum. L., 
gran'ular, trachoma. 
Lieberkuhn's (le'ber-kun's) crypts, fol'licles, or 
glands (so called from their first describer). Fine, 
columnar, blind sacs, the openings of which are from 
one-twentieth to one-thirtieth of a line in diameter, 
so closely placed over the whole of the small intes- 
tine as to give the mucous membrane a general sieve- 
like or perforated appearance. They secrete the 
succus entericus or intestinal juice. L.'s jel'ly, al- 
kali-albumen from action of strong caustic potash on 
egg-albumin. 
Lien, le'en. Spleen. L. accesso'rius, lienculus. 
L. in'gens, tumefaction of the spleen. L. succen- 
turia'tus, lienculus. 
Lienal, li'en-al (Zien, spleen). See Splenic. 
Lienculus, le-en'ku-lus (dim. of Lien, spleen). 
Small supernumerary, accessory, or supplementary 
spleen. 
Lienitis, le-en-e'tis. Inflammation of spleen. 
Lienocele, le-en-o-se'le (Eng. le-en'o-seel) (Zien, 
spleen, kele,, hernia). Hernia of the spleen. 
Lieno-intestinal, li'en-o-in-tes'tin-al. Belonging 
to spleen and intestine. 
Lienomalacia, le-en-o-mal-ah'se-ah (Zien, malakia, 
softening). Softness or softening of the spleen. 
Lienteric, li-en-ter'ik. Eelating to the lientery. 
Lientery, li'en-ter-e (leios, smooth, slippery, en- 
teron, intestine). Lienteric diarrhoea. Frequent liquid 
evacuations, the food only half digested; condition 
always symptomatic of great irritation in the intes- 
tinal canal, the sensibility of which is so much aug- LIFE 
631 
LIGAMENT 
Two sacroischiatic-posterior and 
anterior, with the superior and 
inferior appendices. 
Longitudinal of os coccygis. 
Inguinal ligament. 
Capsular of symphysis pubis. 
Ligament of foramen thyroid- 
eum. 
merited that it cannot bear the sojourn of the food 
in it. 
Life. State of organized beings, during which, 
owing to the union of an unknown force with matter, 
they are capable of performing functions different 
from those that regulate other natural bodies. Life 
has only a limited duration, beyond which, the or- 
ganic functions ceasing to be executed, the body is 
given up to the agency of chemical affinity. Organic 
life includes the functions inservient to composition 
and decomposition, as digestion, respiration, circula- 
tion, calorification, absorption, secretion, and nutri- 
tion. Animal life includes the functions which con- 
nect man and animals with external bodies, as the 
understanding, sensations, locomotion, and voice. L., 
change of, menopause. L., dura'tion of, see Longevity. 
L. everlasting, Gnaphalium margaritaceum. L. ev- 
erlasting, plan'tain, Antennaria plantaginifolia. 
L. everlasting, sweet-scent'ed, Gnaphalium poly- 
cephalum. L., expectation of, see Longevity. L. 
insurance, contract entered into, usually by an in- 
surance company, to pay a certain sum of money on 
a person's death, on condition of his paying an an- 
nual premium during life. The medical practitioner 
may be applied to to certify that the life of the in- 
sured is one that is insurable according to the rules 
of the company. L., organic, term used to denote 
the phenomena of life, as digestion, respiration, etc. 
L. root, Senecio aureus. L., ta'ble of, statistics ar- 
ranged in tabular form of the lives and deaths occur- 
ring among a certain number of people. L., val'ue 
of, see Longevity and Mortality. 
Ligament, lig'a-ment (ligo, to bind). Name given 
to fibrous structures which serve to unite bones and 
to form articulations, hence called interosseous and 
articular ligaments. They are of a white, close tex- 
ture, are but little extensible, and difficult to break. 
Also any membranous fold retaining an organ in its 
situation. 
Of the Pelvis (continued). 
Radiated ligament. 
Capsular. 
Interdavicular. 
Ligamentum rhomboideum. 
Claviculo-acromial. 
Conoid. 
Trapezoid. 
6. Of the Clavicle. 
7. Of the Scapula. 
8. Of the Shoulder-joint. Capsular. 
Anterior triangular. 
Proper posterior. 
9. Of the Elbow-joint. 
Capsular. 
Brachio-ulnar. 
Braehioradial. 
Coronary of the radius. 
Anterior and posterior accessory. 
Intermuscular of the os humeri. 
Interosseous ligament. 
Oblique or chorda transversalis 
cubiti. 
Capsular. 
10. Carpal Extremity of 
Radius and Ulna, and 
between those bones. 
11. Between Forearm and 
Wrist. 
Capsular. 
Two lateral. 
Mucous. 
12. Of the Carpus. 
Annular. 
Capsular. 
Short ligaments-oblique, trans- 
verse, capsular, and proper. 
13. Between Carpal and < 
Metacarpal Bones. i 
Articular lateral. 
Straight, perpendicular, etc. 
14. Between the Extrem- l 
Hies of the Metacarpal -1 
Bones. 
Interosseous, at the bases and 
heads-dorsal, lateral, palmar. 
15. At the base of the 
Metacarpal Bone of the . 
Thumb, and at the first 
joint of the Fingers. 
Capsular. 
Lateral. 
16. Of the first and second 
joints of the Thumb and 
second and third joints " 
of the Fingers. 
Capsular. 
Lateral. 
Table of the Principal Ligaments. 
Capsular ligament. 
Suspensory ligament of the stylo- 
glossus. 
Lateral ligament. 
Annular. 
Vaginal or flexor tendons. 
Vaginal or crucial of the pha- 
langes. 
Accessory of the flexor ten-, 
dons. 
Posterior annular. 
Vaginal of extensors. 
Transverse of extensors. 
1. Of the Lower Jaw. 
17. Retaining the Tendons 
of the Muscles of the 
Hand and Fingers in 
situ. 
Two capsular ligaments between 
atlas and head. 
Circular ligament. 
Two capsular between atlas and 
axis. 
Perpendicular ligament. 
Two lateral or moderator liga- 
ments. 
Transverse ligament and its ap- 
pendices. 
2. Connecting the Head 
with the first and second 
Vertebrce, and these with 
each other. 
18. Connecting the Os fem- 
oris with the Os innom- 
inatum. 
Capsular and accessory slips. 
Round or teres ligament. 
Cartilaginous ligament. 
Double cartilaginous ligament. 
Ligamenta mucosa. 
Lateral-internal and external. 
External short lateral ligament. 
Posterior ligament. 
Ligament of the patella. 
Capsular. 
Ligamentum alare-majus et mi- 
nus. 
Ligamentum mucosum. 
Two crucial-anterior and poste- 
rior. 
Transverse. 
Anterior common. 
Crucial intervertebral. 
Ligaments running from the edge 
of the bony arch and spinous 
process of one vertebra to that 
of the next. 
Interspinous ligament. 
Ligamentum nuchse. 
Intertransverse. 
Capsular. 
Posterior or internal common. 
19. Of the Knee-joint. 
3. Of the other Vertebras. 
20. Connecting Fibula and 
Tibia. 
Capsular. 
Interosseous. 
Anterior superior. 
Posterior superior. 
Capsular of the head of ribs. 
Capsular of the tubercles. 
Ligamenta transversaria interna. 
Ligamenta transversaria externa. 
Ligamenta cervicis costarum ex- 
terna. 
Ligamentous fibres running from 
the margins of the extremities 
of the ribs to the corresponding 
cartilages. 
Radiated ligaments from cartilage 
of ribs to the sternum. 
Capsular ligaments of the carti- 
lages of the ribs. 
Proper membrane of sternum. 
L. of cartilago ensiformis. 
Tendinous expansions over the 
intercostales, etc. 
Anterior ligament of the fibula. 
Posterior of fibula. 
Deltoid of tibia. 
Capsular. 
21. Connecting the Tar- 
sal with the Leg Bones. 
Capsular. 
Short ligaments. 
Capsular, broad superior, and lat- 
eral ligaments, connecting as- 
tragalus and naviculare. 
Superior, lateral, and inferior, 
fixing the os calcis to the cu- 
boid bone. 
Long, oblique, and rhomboid, 
forming the inferior ligaments. 
Supei'ior superficial, interosseous, 
and inferior transverse liga- 
ments, fixing the navicular and 
cuboid bones. 
Superior lateral and plantar, 
which fix the os naviculare and 
cuneiform. 
4. Of the Ribs, Sternum, 
etc. 
22. Of the'_Tarsus. 
' Two transverse - one superior, 
one inferior. 
Iliosacral. 
Capsular of the sacroiliac syn- 
chondrosis. 
5. Of the Pelvis. LIGAMENT 
Superior superficial and plantar, 
connecting the os cuboides and 
os cuneiforme externum. 
Dorsal and plantar, uniting the 
cuneiform bones. 
The proper capsular of each bone. 
632 
LIGAMENTA 
peroneus tertius and extensor longus digitOTUm mus- 
cles. L., gas'tro-col'ic, greater omentum. L., gas'- 
tro-hepat'ic, lesser omentum. L., gastroli'enal, L., 
gastrosplenic. L., gas'tropancreat'ic, peritoneal 
fold connecting pancreas and stomach. L., gastro- 
phren'ic, see Gastrophrenic. L., gastrosplen'ic, peri- 
toneal fold between stomach and hilum of spleen. 
L., Gim'bernat's, see Gimbernat. L., gle'noid, see 
Glenoid. L., glenoi'deo-brach'ial, three ligaments 
of the shoulder-joint are so called. L. glenoi'deo- 
hu'meral, L., Flood's. L., glos'so-epiglot'tic, see 
Glosso-epiglottic. L., hepat'ico-col'ic, peritoneal fold 
between right lobe of liver and ascending mesocolon. 
L., Hey's, falciform process of fascia lata. L., 
Hunt'er's, round ligament of uterus. L., il'io- 
fem'oral, L. of Bertin, Ligament of Bigelow; firm 
fibrous fasciculus, descending from the anterior in- 
ferior spine of the ilium to strengthen the capsular 
ligament. L., il'io-lum'bar, L. from transverse pro- 
cess of fifth lumbar vertebra to crest of ilium, sacro- 
iliac articulation, and adjacent region. L., il'io- 
pectine'al, part of pelvic fascia attached to ilio- 
pectineal line and capsular ligament of hip-joint. L., 
il'io-pu'bic, Poupart's ligament. L., infrapu'bian, 
triangular ligament. L., in'guinal, Poupart's liga- 
ment. L., interclavic'ular, see Interclavicular liga- 
ment. L., intercru'ral, ligamenta subflava. L., in- 
terlob'ular, processes of pleura passing into fissures 
of lung. L., intermax'illary, pterygomaxillary liga- 
ment. L., intermetatar'sal, see Intertarsal ligament. 
L., interos'seous, see Interosseus ligament. L., meta- 
car'pal, see Metacarpal ligament. L., mu'cous, syn- 
ovial fold of knee-joint passing to point below lower 
margin of patella. L., ob'turator, O. membrane. L., 
orbic'ular, annular 1. of radius. L. of o'vary, see 
Ovarium. L., pal'mar infe'rior, metacarpal ligament. 
L., pec'tinate, ligamentum pectinatum. L., plan'- 
tar, see Plantar ligament. L., Pou'part's, crural arch. 
L., pu'bic, posterior edge of upper portion of falciform 
process of fascia lata attached to crest of the pubes. 
L. of Retz'ius, L., fundiform, L., rhom'boid, costo- 
clavicular ligament. L., round, see Round and Teres 
ligamentum. L. of Schlemm, glenoideo-brachial lig- 
aments. L., subova'rian, extends from ovary to 
Fallopian tube. L., suspen'sory, ligament the use 
of which is to suspend any organ, as clitoris, crys- 
talline lens, diaphragm, liver, penis, etc.; see Sus- 
pensory. L., s., of blad'der, see Urachus. L., s., 
of lens, ciliary zone. L., s., of liv'er, see Suspen- 
sory. L., s., of tes'ticle, gubernaculum testis. L., 
s., of tooth, odontoid ligaments. L., s. vagi'nal, 
ligamenta vaginalia. L., sutu'ral, thin layer of 
fibrous membrane interposed between the adjacent 
margins of bones in immovable joints, as between the 
cranial and facial bones. L., tar'sal, layer of fibrous 
membrane beneath the orbicularis muscle, seeming to 
support the eyelids and retain the tarsal cartilages in 
their position. L., trap'ezoid, see Coraco-clavicular 
and Trapezoid. L., trian'gular, see Perineal fascia 
and Triangular. L. of Weit'brecht, Ligamentous cord 
of W.; bundle of fibres on the anterior aspect of the 
interosseous ligament of the middle radio-cubital ar- 
ticulation. L. of Wins'low, posterior 1. of knee-joint; 
see Genu. L., Y-shaped, of Big'elow, ilio-femoral 
ligament. L. of Zinn, Tendon of Zinn; tendon from 
which the inferior rectus muscle of the eye arises in 
common with the rectus internus and rectus externus. 
(For other ligaments not here referred to, see Table 
of Ligaments.) 
Ligamenta alaria, lig-am-en'tah al-ar'e-ah. Odon- 
toid ligaments. L. annula'ria, annular ligaments. 
L. ap'icum, see Interspinal ligament. L. capitulo'- 
rum dorsa'lia, transverse dorsal bands between the 
fingers, between the ligamenta dorsalia. L. capit- 
ulor'um volaria, anterior accessory ligaments of 
the metacarpo-phalangeal articulations. L. co'li, see 
Colon. L. interlobula'ria pulmo'num, interlobular 
tissue. L. intervertebra'lia, intervertebral carti- 
lages. L. la'ta u'teri, see Uterus. L. Mauchar'ti, 
odontoid ligaments. L. rotun'da u'teri, round liga- 
ments of the uterus. L. suhfla'va (sub, flavus, yellow), 
Of the Tarsus (contin'd). 
23. Between Tarsus and 
Metatarsus. 
Capsular. 
Dorsal, plantar, lateral, straight, 
oblique, and transverse. 
24. Connecting the 
Metatarsal Bones. 
Dorsal, plantar, and lateral, con- 
necting the metatarsal bones. 
Transverse ligaments. 
25. Of the Phalanges 
of the Toes. 
Capsular. 
Lateral. 
Annular. 
Vaginal of the tendons of the 
peronei. 
Laciniated. 
Vaginal of the tendon of the 
flexor longus pollicis. 
Vaginal and crucial of the ten- 
dons of the flexors of the toes. 
Accessory of the flexor tendons 
of the toes. 
Transverse of the extensor ten- 
dons. 
26. Retaining the Ten- 
dons of the Muscles of 
the Foot and Toes in 
situ. 
tig'ament, acces'sory. One that strengthens or 
renders more perfect an articulation. The coraco- 
humeral ligament is an accessory to the shoulder- 
joint. L., ad'ipose, mucous ligament of knee-joint. 
L., al'ar, odontoid ligaments; crescentic folds of syn- 
ovial membrane at knee-joint. L., Allen Burns's, 
L., Hey's. L., an'nular, see Annular. L., an'nular, 
of the car'pus, see Annular. L., an'nular, of the 
ra'dius, see Annular. L., an'nular, of the tar'sus, 
see Annular. L., ante'rior, of the blad'der, a portion 
of the superior pelvic aponeurosis, which becomes 
attached to the front of the neck of the bladder. 
Many other ligaments in the body are designated as 
anterior from their position and relation to other parts. 
L., arc'uate, ligamentum arcuatum of diaphragm. 
L., arte'rial, fibrous remains of foetal ductus arterio- 
sus. L., artic'ular, capsular ligament; interspinous 
ligament. L., a'ry-epiglot'tic, arytenoepiglottic folds. 
L., atloax'oid, see Atloidoaxoid ligaments. L. of Bark'- 
row, vertical fibres passing through a fatty pad in the 
upper part of the olecranon fossa. L. of Ber'tin, L., 
ilio-femoral. L. of Big'elow, part of the ilio-femoral 
ligament. L., broad, infiamma'tion of, see Parame- 
tritis. L., broad, of liv'er, suspensory ligament of 
the liver. L., broad, of lung, see Pleura. L., broad, 
of u'terus, see Uterus. L. of Burns, see Fascia lata. 
L., Cam'per's, perineal fascia. L., cap'sular, see 
Capsular. L., car'bollzed, ligature, antiseptic. L. of 
Carcassone, the inferior layer of the middle perineal 
aponeurosis. L., car'pal, ligaments uniting carpal 
bones. L., cat'gut, ligature, antiseptic. L., caud'al, 
fibrous bands connecting two lower coccygeal verte- 
brte with the skin above them. L., cen'tral, terminal 
thread of spinal cord. L., cer'vical supraspi'nal, see 
Supraspinosa ligamenta. L., check, odontoid ligaments. 
L., cll'iary, ligamentum pectinatum. L. of Colles, 
triangular 1.; see Gimbernat's ligament. L., con'jugal, 
L. uniting the heads of opposite ribs across the back 
of an intervertebral disk. L., co'noid, see Coraco- 
clavicular and Conoid ligament. L., cor'aco-clavic'- 
ular, see Coraco-clavicular. L., cor'acold, thin liga- 
ment extending from coracoid process of scapula 
to internal edge of suprascapular notch. L., cor'- 
onary, of liv'er, a reflection formed by the peri- 
toneum between the posterior margin of the liver 
and the lower surface of the diaphragm; see Falx 
and Coronary. L. cor'onary, of ra'dio-ul'nar ar- 
tlcula'tion, ligaments uniting radius and ulna. L., 
costoxi'phoid, xiphoid ligament. L., cot'yloid, see 
Cotyloid. L., cru'cial, see Crucial. L., cru'ciform, 
see Cruciform. L., del'toid, see Deltoid. L., den- 
tic'ulate, ligamentum denticulatum. L., dor'so- 
lum'bo-supraspi'nal, see Supraspinous ligaments. L., 
Douglas's, recto-uterine folds. L., fal'ciform, see 
Falciform. L. of Fallo'pius, crural arch. L., fem'- 
oral, see Fascia lata. L., Flood's, reflection of fibres 
of the coraco-humeral ligament through the capsular 
opening. L., fun'diform, outer portion of the anterior 
annular ligament of the leg, forming a loop around the LI GAM ENTARIS 
ligaments interposed between the laminae of the ver- 
tebrae from the axis to the sacrum. L. suspenso'ria, 
see Suspensory. L. tar'sea lata, see Tarsea lata (liga- 
menta). L. thy'reo-arytaenoi'dea, thyreo-arytenoid 
ligaments. L. vagina'lia, annular ligaments. L. 
voca'lia, thyreo-arytenoid ligaments. 
Ligamentaris (lig-am-en-tar'is) or Ligamentosus, 
lig-am-en-to'sus. Ligamentous. 
Ligamentous, lig-a-men'tus. Having the character 
of, or relating to, a ligament. L. cord of Weit'brecht, 
ligament of Weitbrecht. 
Ligaments (lig'a-ments), broad, of the u'terus. See 
Uterus. L., cer'vical, see Cervical. L., check, odon- 
toid ligaments. L. of the lar'ynx, infe'rior, thyreo- 
arytenoid ligaments. L., sa'cro-sciat'ic, see Sacro- 
sciatic ligament. L., thyrohy'oid, see Thyrohyoid 
membrane', see also Ligament, Ligamenta, Ligamentum. 
L., u'tero-sac'ral, two strands of tissue from the 
sides of the sacrum to lateral aspect of supravaginal 
portion of neck of uterus. 
Ligamentum, lig-am-en'tum. Ligament. L. 
arcua'tum exter'num, thickened npper margin 
of the anterior lamella of the transversalis fascia. 
The tendinous arch across the upper part of the psoas 
magnus muscle, on each side of the spine, is called 
the Ligamentum arcuatum internum. L. arterio'sum, 
see Arterial duct. L. bre've, short membranous 
structure behind each flexor tendon of the fingers 
near its insertion. L. capsula're, capsular ligament. 
L. cilia're, ciliary ligament. L. conoi'des, conoid 
ligament. L. coracoi'deum, see Coracoid. L. cruci- 
a'tum cru'ris, see Ligamentum transversum cruris. L. 
denta'tum, denticulatum ligamentum. L. Fallo'pii, 
crural arch. L. ili'o-pu'bicum, crural arch. L. in- 
fundib'ulo-ovar'icum, see Ovarium. L. infundib'ulo- 
pel'vicum, see Ovarium. L. i'ridis, ciliary ligament. 
L. la'tum, suspensory ligament of the liver. L. la'tum 
pulmo'nis, see Pleura. L. membrana'ceum, glosso- 
epiglottic ligament. L. muco'sum, triangular pro- 
longation containing a few ligamentous fibres, and 
extending from the anterior part of the knee-joint 
below the patella to the front of the intercondyloid 
notch. L. nu'chse, cervical ligament. L. palpebra'le 
inter'num, see Orbicular muscles. L. patel'lae, see 
Patella. L. pectina'tum, festooned processes of the 
fibres of the iris, lying in an elastic fibrous tissue 
continuous with the membrane of Demours. L. pi'so- 
hamat'um, accessory ligament from the apex of pisi- 
form bone to the hook of the unciform bone. L. 
pi'so-metacar'peum, from pisiform bone to anterior 
surface of the base of the fifth, fourth, and third 
metacarpal bones. L. post!'cum Winslow'ii, see 
Genu. L. Poupart'1, crural arch. L. rotun'dum 
ova'rii, see Omriwm. L., Schlemm's, glenoideo- 
brachial ligaments. L. spira'le, musculus cochlearis. 
L. suspenso'rium den'tis, see Odontoid ligaments. L. 
suspenso'rium he'patis, suspensory ligament of the 
liver. L. suspenso'rium len'tis, ciliary zone. L. 
suspenso'rium tes'tis, gubernaculum testis. L. sus- 
penso'rium vesi'cse, see Urachus. L. talo-calca- 
neum, L. talo-crurale, L. talo-fibulare, L. talo- 
naviculare, L. talo-tibiale, accessory ligaments con- 
necting the astragalus with the bones of the leg, with 
the os calcis, and with the scaphoid bone. L. te'res, 
teres ligamentum. L. transver'sum cru'ris, the 
anterior annular ligament of the ankle includes an 
upper and lower band; the former, the ligamentum 
transversum cruris; the latter, the ligamentum crucia- 
tum cruris. L. trapezoi'des, trapezoid ligament. L. 
triangula're, triangular ligament. L. u'rachi sus- 
penso'rium, see Urachus. L. Vesa'lii, crural arch. 
Ligate, li'gate. See Ligature. 
Ligatio, le-gah'she-o. Fascia; ligature. L. lin'guse, 
aphonia. 
Ligation, li-ga'shun. Act of applying a ligature. 
In aneurism the ligature is applied on the side of the 
disease nearer to the heart, proximal ligation, or on 
the side farthest from the heart, distal ligation. L., 
Anel's, the ligature is applied close above the aneu- 
rism, with no intervening branch. L., Bras'dor's, 
the ligature is applied just below the aneurism. L., 
633 
LIGNUM 
Hun'ter's, here the ligature is applied at some dis- 
tance above the aneurism, so as to have an intervening 
branch. L., War'drop's, ligature is applied to the 
trunk a little below the first branch, or to the first 
branch a little below its origin from the trunk. See 
Ligature. 
Ligatura, lig-at-u'rah. Ligature; fascia. L. glan'- 
dis, phimosis. 
Ligature, lig'a-ture. This word has various accep- 
tations : 1. The thread with which an artery or vein 
is tied to prevent or arrest hemorrhage. 2. Cord, 
thread, or wire used for removing a tumor, etc. 
3. Bandage used for phlebotomy. Ligature is some- 
times erroneously applied to the act of tying an artery 
or other vessel, ligation or deligation being the correct 
term. When the artery alone is tied, the ligature is said 
to be immediate ; when surrounding parts are included, 
mediate. Ligature occasions obliteration or adhesion 
of the arterial parietes by cutting through the middle 
and internal coats; the adhesion being favored by 
the formation of a coagulum, which acts in some de- 
gree as a barrier against the impulse of the blood, 
and subsequently disappears by absorption. L., anti- 
septic, Antiseptic suture; catgut soaked in emulsion 
of olive oil and deliquesced carbolic acid was sug- 
gested by Lister in the ligation of arteries; it does 
not act as a foreign body, the ends being absorbed. 
Ligatures of other materials-silk, silkworm gut, 
silver, etc.-are rendered aseptic by boiling, anti- 
septic by being soaked in various solutions. L., asep'- 
tic, see L., antiseptic. L., distal, ligature applied to 
an artery beyond an aneurism. L., elastic, India- 
rubber ligament employed to strangulate foreign 
growths or for other purposes. L., intermittent, 
application of a tourniquet above the seat of a poi- 
soned wound to interrupt the current of blood, ex- 
cept when relaxed by the surgeon, so that as little 
as possible at a time of the poison shall pass into the 
circulation. L. of i'ris, iridesis. L., sol'uble, ani- 
mal ligature, as of catgut, that may be absorbed when 
introduced into the living tissues. 
Light, lite. Extremely rare fluid diffused over the 
universe, emanating from the sun and fixed stars, 
traversing more than four millions of leagues in a 
minute; passing through transparent bodies, which 
refract it according to their density and combusti- 
bility ; and arrested by opaque bodies, by which it is 
reflected at an angle equal to the angle of incidence. 
It is the cause of color in all bodies, being entirely 
reflected by white surfaces and absorbed by black; is 
decomposed in passing through a transparent prism 
into seven rays-red, orange, yellow, green, blue, in- 
digo, and violet. L., cal'cium, very bright light pro- 
duced by heating lime to a white heat in flame of 
oxyhydrogen. 
Light'ning, SeeAstrape. L. blind'ness, impairment 
of vision from momentary exposure to intense light, 
as of lightning. L. or L.-like pains, peculiar sharp 
lancinating pains characteristic of locomotor ataxia. 
Lights, Lungs. L., ri'sing of the, cynanche 
trachealis. 
Ligneous, lig'ne-us {lignum, wood). Woody; having 
the character or appearance of wood, as ligneous scir- 
rhus. 
Lignification, lig-nif-i-ka'shun. Amyloid degen- 
eration. 
Lignin (lig'nin) or Lig'nine {lignum, wood). Lig- 
neous or woody fibre; the fibrous structure of veg- 
etable substances; modification of cellulose. 
Lignum agallochi veri, lig'num ag-al'lo-ke ver'e. 
Agallochum. L. al'ofis (wood of aloes), agallochum. 
L. aspal'athi, agallochum. L. benedic'tum, guaia- 
cum. L. Brasilia'num ru'brum, hsematoxylon Cam- 
pechianum. L. caeru'leum, hsematoxylon Campechi- 
anum. L. Campechen'se, haematoxylon Campechi- 
anum. L. Campechia'num, hsematoxylon Campechi- 
anum. L. campes'canum, hsematoxylon Campechi- 
anum. L. colubri'num, see Strychnos. L. febrif'u- 
gum, quassia. L. hsematox'yli, hsematoxylon Cam- 
pechianum. L. In'dicum, guaiacum, haematoxylon 
Campechianum. L. infe'lix, sambucus. L. nephrit'- LIGNYODES 
icum, Guilandina moringa (the wood). L. pava'nse, 
Croton tiglium. L. quas'siae, see Quassia. L. sanc'- 
tum, guaiacum. L. sandal'inum, see Pterocarpus 
santalinus. L. sap'pan, Haematoxylou Campechianum. 
L. serpen'tum, Ophioxylum serpentinum. L. vi'tse, 
guaiacum. 
Lignyodes, lig-ne-o'dees. Fuliginous. 
Lignys, lig'nis. Fuligo. 
Ligula (lig'u-lah) or Lin'gula (small tongue). Clav- 
icle, glottis, and epiglottis ; taenia or white matter in 
the fourth ventricle, from the lateral recess above 
nearly to the calamus scriptorius below. Measure 
containing three drachms and a scruple, or about 
half an ounce. Species of bandage or ligature. 
Ligusticum, lig-us'te-kum (appertaining to Liguria). 
L. levisticum. L. actsei'folium, White root; indig- 
enous ; ord. Umbelliferaj. Root is aromatic and car- 
minative. L. capilla'ceum, 2Ethusa meum. L. car'yi, 
carum. L. fcenic'ulum, anethum. L. levis'ticum, 
Lovage; ord. Umbelliferse. Stimulant, carminative, 
emmenagogue, etc. L. me'um, JEthusa meum. L. 
phellan'drium, Phellandrium aquaticum. L. poda- 
gra'ria, Goutweed; British plant, used in gout. L. 
sil'aiis, Peucedanum silaus. 
Ligustrin, lig-us'trin. Bitter principle from bark 
of Ligustrum vulgare. 
Ligustrum Algyptiacum, lig-us'trum e-jip-te'ak- 
um (ligo, to bind, because used for bands). Lawsonia 
inermis. L. vulga're, privet, prim, privy, prim-print; 
ord. Oleaceae; shrub growing wild in Europe and the 
United States. Leaves are astringent, bitter, and an- 
tigalactic; flowers have been employed in decoction 
in sore throat and ulcerous stomatitis; berries are 
cathartic. 
Lilac (li'lak), common. Syringa vulgaris. L. vul- 
ga'ris, Syringa vulgaris. 
Liliago (lil-e-ah'go) or Liliastrum, lil-e-as'trum 
(dim. of Lilium, lily). Spiderwort. Alexipharmic and 
carminative. 
Lilium candidum, lil'e-um kan'did-um. White lily ; 
ord. Liliaceae. Infusion of the flowers in olive oil is 
emollient, and applied externally under the name of 
Lily oil. Scales of the bulb roasted are employed as 
maturatives. L. conval'lium, Convallaria maialis. 
Lily, lil'e. Lilium. L., ground, Trillium latifolium. 
L., May, Convallaria maialis. L., pond, Nelumbium 
luteum. L., pond, white, Nymphaea odorata. L., 
pond, yel'low, Nuphar advena. L., toad, Nymphaea 
odorata. L. of the val'ley, Convallaria maialis. L., 
wa'ter, lit'tle, Brasenia hydropeltis. L., wa'ter, 
sweet, Nymphaea odorata. L., wa'ter, sweet-scent'- 
ed, Nymphaea odorata. L., wa'ter, white, Nymphaea 
alba. L., wa'ter, yel'low, Nymphaea lutea. L., 
white, Lilium candidum, Nelumbium luteum. 
Lima dentaria, le'mah den-tah're-ah. A dental 
file. 
Limacum (lim-ah'kum) cor'nua (snails' horns). See 
Lacrymal puncta. 
Limanchia, lim-an'ke-ah. Debility from hunger. 
Limatura (filings) ferri (lim-at-u'rah fer're) or 
mar'tis. Iron filings, ferri limatura. L. stan'ni, 
see Tin. 
Limax, le'maks. Helix, snail; cochlea. 
Limb. Member of body attached to the trunk. See 
Limbus and Membrum. L., pec'toral, upper limb in 
man, anterior limb of other animals. L., pel'vic, 
lower limb in man, posterior limb of other animals. 
Limbus (border) acetab'uli. Cotyloid ligament. 
L. alveola'ris, alveolar border or process. L. cer'- 
ebri, posterior portion of corpus callosum. L. con- 
juncti'vae, annulus conjunctivas; arcus senilis. L. 
cor'neae, see Cornea. L. fos'sse ova'lis, see Ovalis 
fossa. L. lam'inae spira'lis, lamina denticulata. L. 
lu'teus, macula lutea; see Foramen centrale. L. 
poste'rior cor'poris stria'ti, taenia semicircularis. 
L. sphenoida'lis, front edge of groove on sphenoid 
bone for optic commissure. L. Syl'vii, fissure of 
Sylvius. 
Lime. Fruit like a small lemon, the juice of which 
is strongly acid; it is also antiscorbutic, etc.; a spe- 
cies of lemon, the fruit of Citrus acida or C. limetta. 
634 
LINDEN TREE 
Calx. L., bone phos'phate of, see Cornu ustum. L., 
car'bonate of, creta. L., caus'tic, quicklime. L., 
chlo'ride of, or chlo'rinated, calcis chloridum. L., 
chlo'rite of, calcis chloridum. L., chlo'ruret of, cal- 
cis chloridum. L., hy'drate of, see Calx. L., hydro- 
phos'phite of, calcis hypophosphis. L., hydrosul'- 
phate of, calcis sulphuretum. L., hypochlo'rite of, 
calcis chloridum. L., lactophos'phate of, calcis 
lactophosphas. L. lin'iment, linimentum calcis. 
L., mu'riate of, solution of, see Calcis murias. 
L. oxymu'riate of, calcis chloridum. L., phos'- 
phate of, see Cornu ustum. L., phos'phate of, pre- 
cipitated, see Cornu cervi. L. sac'charate of, see 
Syrupus calcis. L., slaked, see Calx. L., solu'tion 
of, aqua calcis. L., sul'phate of, calcis sulphas. L., 
sul'phlte of, calcis sulphis. L., sul'phuret of, calcis 
sulphuretum. L. wa'ter, liquor calcis. L. wa'ter, 
com'pound, liquor calcis compositus. 
Li'mic (limos, hunger). Eelating to hunger. 
Lim'itans. Limiting, as membrana limitans. 
Limiting membrane, lim'it-ing mem'brane. See 
Membrana limitans. 
Limitrophes, lim'it-rof-es (limes, boundary, trophe, 
nourishment). See Trisplanchnic nerve. 
Limnemic (lim-ne'mik), Limnse'mic, or Limnhae'- 
mic (limne, marsh, haima, blood). Epithet given to 
affections induced by paludal emanations. 
Limnomephitis, lim-no-mef-e'tis (limne, marsh, 
mephitis, poisonous emanation). Marsh-miasm. 
Limo, le'mo. Lemon. 
Limoctonia, lim-ok-ton'e-ah (limos, hunger, Ictonos, 
murder). Abstinence to death; death from hunger; 
suicide by hunger. 
Limon, le'mon. See Citrus medica. 
Limo'nis cor'tex (Ph. U. S. and Br.). Outer portion 
of rind or pericarp of fresh fruit of Citrus limonum. 
L. suc'cus (Ph. U. S.), freshly expressed juice of ripe 
fruit of Citrus limonum. 
Limonium, lim-o'ne-um, Statice limonium. L. 
ma'lum, see Citrus medica. 
Limophthisis, lim-o-te'sis (limos, phthisis, wasting). 
Wasting from privation of food. 
Limopsoitos (le-mo-soi'tos) or Limopsoitosis, le- 
mo-soit-o'sis. Limphoitos. 
Limopsora, le-mo-so'rah (limos, hunger, psora, itch). 
Cutaneous affection with itching, from fasting. 
Limos, le'mos. Hunger. 
Limosis, lim-o'sis. Stomach disease; morbid appe- 
tite ; bulimia. Singular forms of depraved appe- 
tite are observed, especially in chlorosis, as well as 
during pregnancy, as chalk-eating, fondness for 
slate-pencils. L. a'vens, insatiable hunger. L. 
cardial'gia, cardialgia; pyrosis. L. dyspep'sia, 
dyspepsia. L. em'esis, emesis. L. ex'pers, anorexia. 
L. ex'pers protrac'ta, fasting. L. fla'tus, flatulence. 
L. helluo'num, gluttony. L. pi'ca, malacia. 
Limotherapeia, le-mo-ther-ap-e'ah (limos, therapeia, 
treatment), Limother'apy. Hunger-cure; cure by 
fasting. 
Lim'pets' eyes. Artificial eyes so called from fan- 
cied resemblance to the limpets, a univalve shell 
found adhering to rocks. 
Limphoitos (lim-foi'tos) or Limphoi'toris (limos, 
hunger, phoitos, erratic insanity). Insanity from 
prolonged hunger. 
Linagogus (lin-ag-o'gus) or Linagogue, lin'a-gog 
(linum, thread, ago, to lead). Instrument with which 
to direct a suture or thread. 
Linamentum, lin-am-en'tum. Linteum; tent; 
charpie. 
Linaria, lin-ar'e-ah. Antirhinum linaria. L. cym- 
bala'ria, Antirhinum linaria. L. elat'ine, Antirhi- 
num elatine. L. vulga'ris, Antirhinum linaria. 
Linctuarium, link-tu-ah're-um (lingo, to lick). 
Linctus. 
Linctus, link'tus. Thick, syrupy preparation of 
medicine. L. al'bus, looch album. L. amygdali'nus, 
looch album. L. ad aph'thas, mel boracis. L. de bo- 
ra'ce or bora'cicus, mel boracis. L. commu'nis, 
looch album. 
Lind'en tree. Tilia; T. Americana. LINE 
Line. Extent in length; twelfth part of an inch. 
The median line of the body is an imaginary line 
supposed to set out from the top of the head and to 
fall between the feet, so as to divide the body ver- 
tically into two equal and symmetrical parts; cord or 
thread ; linteum ; spine ; Linum usitatissimum. L., 
alve'olo-bas'ilar, line from basion to alveolar point. 
L., alve'olo-na'sal, L. from nasal point to alveolar 
point. L., atrope, L. normal to plane of rotary 
axes of eye. L., auric'ulo-bregmat'ic, L. from auric- 
ular point of bregma, in craniometry. L., ba'sio-al- 
ve'olar, L., alveolo-basilar. L., buc'cal, ridge on 
anterior border of ramus of lower jaw. L., Cam/- 
per's, see Camper, profile line of. L., Eb'erth's, L. 
of meeting of cells of cardiac muscle. L., embry- 
onic, primitive trace in middle of area germinativa. 
L., fa'cial, Camper's line; see Facial. L., gin'gival, 
see Gingivae. L., glute'al, curved lines on external 
or dorsal surface of the ilium. L., il'io-pectine'al or 
innominate, see Iliopectinea linea. L., interauric'- 
ular, L. between two auricular points. L., inter- 
ju'gal, L. between jugal points. L., interme'diate, 
Krause's membrane. L-s, intertrochanteric, lines, 
one separating neck of femur from the shaft; the 
other continuous with the posterior border of the 
trochanter. L., Nelaton's, diagnostic line for pos- 
terior dislocation of head of femur, taken from an- 
terior superior spinous process of ilium to most prom- 
inent point of tuber ischii; the trochanter in such 
dislocations is always above this line. L., oblique, 
external, line from mental tubercle to anterior mar- 
gin of the ramus of the jaw. L., partuiient, axis 
of canal for passage of child in childbirth. L., pec- 
tine'al, part of ilio-pectineal line formed by pubic 
bone. L., poplite'al, line on shaft of tibia giving 
origin to the soleus. L., primitive, primitive streak. 
L-s, tem'poral, two lines on the parietal bone, to 
which are attached the temporal fascia and temporal 
muscle. L., vis'ual, L., axis. 
Linea, lin'e-ah. Line. L. al'ba, tendinous, strong, 
and highly resisting cord, extending from the ensi- 
form cartilage of the sternum to the symphysis 
pubis, with the umbilicus near its middle; formed 
by the decussation of the aponeurosis of the abdom- 
inal muscles. Its use is to limit the movement of 
the chest backward, to prevent it from separat- 
ing too far from the pelvis, and to furnish a fixed 
point for the abdominal muscles in their contrac- 
tion. Anterior peduncle of pineal gland. L. as'pera, 
Rugged, ridge; rough projection at the posterior sur- 
face of the femur. L. candid'ula abdominis, L. alba. 
L. centra'lis, L. alba. L. Douglas'ii, semilunar fold 
of Douglas, a lunated edge in the posterior wall of the 
sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle. L. em'inens, 
ridge on posterior surface of patella; spine from top of 
pyramid of cerebellum; ridge on cricoid cartilage, on 
hyoid bone or scapula. L. frontaiis, temporal crest. 
L. fus'ca, brown line; deposit of brown pigment, 
generally in the last months of pregnancy, and most 
plainly on the linea alba from the umbilicus down 
toward the symphysis pubis. L. iliopectine'a, ilio- 
pectinea linea. L. innomina'ta, iliopectinea linea. 
L. interme'dia, Krause's membrane. L. poplite'a, 
oblique line of tibia. L. primiti'va, primitive streak. 
L. quadra'ti, well-marked eminence on the back part 
of the shaft of the femur, giving attachment to the 
quadratus femoris muscle. L. Spige'lii, commence- 
ment of anterior aponeurosis and conjoined tendon. 
L. splen'dens, longitudinal fibrous band extending 
along the middle line of the pia mater of the cord on 
its anterior surface. 
Linese (lin'e-e) (lines) albican'tes. White lines left 
where the skin, as of the abdomen or mammae, has 
been greatly stretched. L. arcua'tse, curved lines. 
L. atroph'icse, linear atrophy of the skin. L. cru- 
ciat'ae, four ridges on internal surface of the occipi- 
tal bone. L. semicircula'res exter'nse, curved lines. 
L. semiluna'res, lines bounding the outer margin of 
the recti muscles of the abdomen, formed by the 
union of the abdominal tendons; lines crossing these 
muscles are called linese transversse. L. semiluna'- 
635 
LINGULA 
res Spige'lii, semilunar notched inner edge of the 
fleshy portion of the transversalis abdominis, at the 
point where the muscular fibres connect with the 
tendinous or aponeurotic fibres, serving for the inser- 
tion of the muscle. L. transver'sse, see L. semiluna- 
res and Processus or Fasciculi teretes. 
Lineament, lin'e-ah-ment (linea, line). Delicate 
trait observed on the countenance, constituting its 
special character, enabling us to preserve its image, 
and the cause of resemblance to others; feature. 
First traces of organization in the embryo of man and 
animals. 
Linear (lin'e-ar) or Lin'eal (linea, line). Epithet 
applied to very narrow fractures in which the frag- 
ments are scarcely separated. See Atrophy, linear. L. 
crush'ing, operation performed with the ecraseur. 
L. extraction, see Cataract (operations). 
Lineola, lin-e'ol-ah (dim. of Linea). Small line. 
Lineolae mammarum, lin-e'ol-e mam-mah'rum. 
White lines on the breasts. 
Lingism, ling'izm (after Ling of Sweden, the pro- 
poser). Kinesipathy. 
Lingua, lin'gwah (lingo, to lick). Tongue. L. a'vis, 
see Fraxinus excelsior. L. bo'vis, Anchusa officinalis. 
L. cani'na, cynoglossum. L. cervi'na, Asplenium 
scolopendrium. L. exig'ua, epiglottis. L. frsena'ta, 
see Ankyloglossa. L., prognosis ex, glossomantia. 
L. propen'dula, swollen or hypertrophied tongue. L. 
serpenta'ria, Ophioglossum vulgatum. L. vit'uli, 
swelling or hypertrophy of the tongue. 
Linguadental, lin-gwah-den'tal (lingua, tongue, 
dens, tooth). Relating to the tongue and teeth. 
Linguae detentor, lin'gwe de-ten'tor. See Glosso- 
catochus. L. exonco'sis, swelling of the tongue. L. 
scal'pium, instrument for removing mucous covering 
from the tongue. 
Lingual, lin'gw'l. Relating to the tongue. L. ar'- 
tery arises from the external carotid; after several 
tortuosities it reaches the base of the tongue, becomes 
horizontal, and, under the name Ranine, advances to 
the tip, to anastomose with its fellow. L. glands, 
intralingual glands. Conglomerate mucous glands 
collected about the posterior part of the dorsum of 
the tongue, into which the ducts of many of them 
open; others are found at the borders of the tongue, 
and a small group is on the under surface, called 
Glands of Bauhin and G. o f Nuhn, from which several 
ducts open separately on the mucous membrane. L. 
mus'cle, small, long fasciculus of fibres hidden be- 
neath the sides of the tongue, between the hyloglos- 
sus and styloglossus muscles on the outside and the 
genioglossus within. This muscle passes from the 
base to the tip of the tongue; it shortens the tongue, 
depresses its point, and can carry it to the right or 
left side. L. nerve, name given to the ninth pair or 
hypoglossus; it is generally applied to a branch given 
off from the inferior maxillary, or third branch of 
the fifth pair. Some of the filaments from it are dis- 
tributed to the tongue, and said to have been traced 
as far as the papillae; hence it has been regarded as 
the gustatory nerve. It is doubtless the nerve of 
general sensibility to the tongue. L. vein follows 
nearly the same distribution as the artery, and opens 
into the internal jugular vein. 
Lingualis, lin-gwal'is. Lingual; lingual muscle. 
Linguetta laminosa, lin-gwet'tah lam-in-o'sah (dim. 
of Lingua). Lingula. 
Linguiform, lin'gwe-form (lingua, tongue, forma, 
form). Shaped like a tongue. 
Lingula, lin'gu-lah (dim. of Lingua). Speculum of 
bone projecting backward from the posterior extrem- 
ity of the carotid groove on the outer side of the 
internal carotid artery See Ligula. L. auric'ulse, 
small cartilaginous prominence at upper part of lobe 
of ear. A depression in the cerebellum in front of 
the lingula is called recessus. L. fis'tulse, epiglottis. 
L. lamino'sa, thin, transversely grooved lobule of 
gray substance derived from the anterior border of 
the cerebellum, intimately blended with the valve 
of Vieussens. L. mandib'ulae, small odontoid process 
on front margin of inferior dental foramen. L. Of LINGUODENTAL 
Wris'berg, nerve-fibres connecting motor and sensory 
roots of fifth pair of nerves. 
Linguodental, lin-gwo-den'tal. Relating to the 
tongue and teeth. 
Lini farina, le'ne fah-re'na. See Linum usitatissi- 
mum. L. usitatis'simum sem'ina, see Linum usitatis- 
simum. 
Liniment, lin'e-ment (Linimenta, plural of Lini- 
mentum) (lino, to anoint). Unctuous medicine con- 
taining usually oil or lard, employed externally in 
the form of friction. L. of ac'onite, linimentum 
aconiti. L. of ammo'nia, com'pound, see Lotion, 
Granville's. L. of ammo'nia, strong, linimentum 
ammonite. L. of ammo'nia, subcar'bonate of, lini- 
mentum ammoniae carbonatis. L., ammoni'acai, lin- 
imentum ammonia;. L., an'odyne, linimentum opii. 
L. of belladon'na, linimentum belladonme. L., cam'- 
phor, linimentum camphorae. L. of cam'phor, com'- 
pound, linimentum camphorae compositum. L. of 
canthar'ides, linimentum cantharidis. L. of can- 
thar'ides, cam'phorated, linimentum e cantharidi- 
bus camphoratum. L. of chlo'roform, linimentum 
chloroformi. L., cro'ton oil, linimentum crotonis. 
L. of i'odide of potas'sium and soap, linimentum 
potassii iodidi cum sapone. L. of i'odine, linimen- 
tum iodi. L., lime, linimentum aquae calcis. L. of 
lime-water, linimentum aquae calcis. L., mercu'rial, 
linimentum hydrargyri. L. of mus'tard, com'pound, 
linimentum sinapis compositum. L. of o'pium, lini- 
mentum opii. L., Saint John Long's, counterirri- 
tant liniment used by a celebrated empiric at the 
commencement of the second quarter of the nine- 
teenth century; said to have consisted of oil of turpen- 
tine and dilute acetic acid held in suspension by yolk 
of egg. L., sim'ple, linimentum simplex. L., soap, 
linimentum saponis. L., soap, com'pound, linimen- 
tum saponis compositum. L., soap and o'pium, lini- 
mentum saponis et opii. L. of Span'ish flies, linimen- 
tum cantharidis. L. of subac'etate of lead, linimen- 
tum plumbi subacetatis. L., tur'pentine, linimentum 
terebinthinae. L. of tur'pentine and ace'tic acid, 
linimentum terebinthinae aceticum. L. of ver'digris, 
linimentum aeruginis. L., vol'atile, linimentum am- 
moniac. 
Linimentum, lin-e-men'tum. Liniment. L. acon- 
i'ti (Ph. Br.), Liniment of aconite (aconite root, ; 
camphor, ; rectified spirit, q. s. to make 
in neuralgic and other pains. tVx or xxx being 
rubbed on the part. L. aeru'ginis (aerugin., aceti, 
mellis despum.); used as an escharotic and deter- 
gent ; diluted, as a gargle in venereal ulcerations and 
in foul ulcers. L. al'bum, ceratum cetacei, unguentum 
cetacei. L. ad ambustio'nes, L. aquae calcis. L. 
ammo'niae (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Strong liniment of 
ammonia, Volatile liniment (water of ammonia, 
cottonseed oil, ; stimulating and rubefacient 
soap. L. ammo'niae carbona'tis, Liniment of subcar- 
bonate of ammonia, Hartshorn and oil (solut. subcarb, 
ammon., f'3 j ; olei oliv., f ; stimulating liniment, 
used to relieve rheumatic pains, bruises, etc. L. am- 
mo'niae compos'itum, see Granville's lotion. L. am- 
mo'niae sesquicarbona'tis, linimentum ammoniae car- 
bonatis. L. ammonia'tum ammo'nicum, L. ammoniae 
fortis. L. Anglica'num, L. ammoniae fortis. L. ad 
aph'thas, mel boracis. L. aq'uae cal'cis, L. Calcis 
(Ph. U. S. and Br.), Liniment of lime-water, Lime lini- 
ment, Carron oil (because used in the Carron iron-works 
in Scotland) (cottonseed oil, solution of lime, aa § viij); 
cooling and emollient application to burns and scalds. 
L. arcae'i, unguentum elemi compositum. L. bella- 
don'nae (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Liniment of belladonna 
(fluid extract of belladonna, camphor 
L. de bora'ce, mel boracis. L. cal'cis, L. aquae calcis. 
L. cam'phorae (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Oleum camphoratum, 
Camphor liniment, Liniment of camphor (camphor., ,5 ii.j ; 
cottonseed oil, §xij); stimulant and discutient. L. 
cam'phorae compos'itum^(Ph. Br.), Compound cam- 
phor liniment (camphor., ol. lavand.,~f 3 j ; sp. 
rectificat., f ; liquor, ammon. fortior., f ; stim- 
ulant and discutient. L. cantharid'ibus camphora'- 
tum, Camphorated liniment of cantharides (tinct. can- 
636 
LINT 
tharid., ; ol. amygd. dul., §iv ; sapon. amygd., 5 j; 
camphor., 3ss); rubefacient and discutient. L. can- 
thar'idis (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Liniment of Spanish flies, 
L. of cantharides (cantharides, 3 j ! ol. terebinth., Oss); 
excellent liniment in adynamic cases. L. chloro- 
for'mi (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Liniment of chloroform (com- 
mercial chloroform, soap liniment, f 3xxiij); 
f 3ss to to be applied. L. croto'nis (Ph. Br.), 
Croton oil liniment (ol. tiglii, f,5j ; ol. cajeput, spirit, 
rectificat., aa rubefacient, causing an erup- 
tion when continued. L. hydrar'gyri, L. hy- 
drar'gyri compos'itum, Mercurial liniment, Liniment 
of mercury (unguent, hydrarg., ; aquee ammonise, 
liniment, camphor., aa Ph. B.); stimulant and 
discutient to venereal swellings, etc. L, hyperi'ci, 
see Hypericum perforatum. L. i'odi (Ph. Br.), Lini- 
ment of iodine (iod.A ; potass, iodid., t^ss; camphor., 
3|; sp. rectif., f 3x); to paint a part. L. o'pii, 
Liniment of opium, Anodyne liniment (tinct. opii, lini- 
ment. saponis, aa f§y; Ph. Br.); anodyne and 
slightly rubefacient; see Linimentum saponis et opii. 
L. plumba'tum, unguentum plumbi superacetatis. 
L. plum'bi subaceta'tis (Ph. U. S.), Liniment of 
subacetate of lead (cottonseed oil, §iij ; solution of 
subacetate of lead, 3ij). L. potas'sii io'didi cum 
sapo'ne, Liniment of iodide of potassium and soap 
(saponis dur., potass, iodid., aa 3iss; glycerin., ; 
ol. limonis, f3j ; aq. destill., f £x; Ph. B.). L. sapona'- 
ceum hydrosulphura'tum (common soap, 500 p.; white 
poppy oil, 250 p.; sulphuret of potass., 100 p.; oil of 
poppy seed, 750 p.); in cutaneous affections, as psora, 
herpes, etc. L. sapona'ceum opia'tum, L. saponis et 
opii. L. sapona'to-ammonia'to-camphora'tum, L. 
camphorae compositum. L. sapona'to-camphora'- 
tum, L. saponis camphoratum. L. sapo'nis (Ph. U. S. 
and Br.), L. sapo'nis camphora'tum or compos'itum, 
Steer's opodeldoch. Soap liniment, Compound soap liniment 
(sapon. rasur., 3V; camphor., ol. rosmarini, 
fSivss; alcohol., f5xlj ; aquae, q. s. to make Oiiiss); 
stimulant and anodyne, in bruises, local pains, etc. 
L. sapo'nis compos'itum, L. saponis camphoratum. 
L. sapo'nis et o'pii, Soap and opium liniment, Bates's 
anodyne balsam (saponis dur., t^iv; opii, ; camphorae, 
§ij ; olei Tosmarin., alcohol, Oij); anodyne, in 
chronic rheumatism and local pains in general; see 
Linimentum opii. L. sim'plex, Simple liniment (ol. 
oliv., 4 p.; cerae albae, 1 p.); emollient; used in chaps, 
etc.; see Unguentum cerae. L. sina'pis compos'itum 
(Ph. U. S. and Br.), Compound liniment of mustard (vola- 
tile oil of mustard, f'5j ; extract of mezereum, gr. xl; 
camphor, 3ij ; castor oil, f.5vj ; alcohol, q. s. to make 
f 3vss). L. terebin'thinae (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Turpen- 
tine liniment, Kentish's ointment (resin cerate, §xiij ; oil 
of turpentine, Oss); stimulant; applied to burns, etc. 
L. terebin'thinae ace'ticum, Liniment of turpentine 
and acetic acid (ol. tereb., acid, acet., linim. camphor., 
aa f,5j. M.; Ph. B.); said to resemble St.John Long's 
liniment. L. volat'ile, L. ammoniae carbonatis. 
Lin'in. Drastic principle derived from Linum ca- 
tharticum. 
Linitis, lin-e'tis (linon, web made from linen or 
flax). Term suggested by the late Dr. Brinton for in- 
flammation of the filamentous network of areolar 
tissue ensheathing the vessels of the stomach. When 
characterized by purulent infiltration or by inter- 
stitial abscess, it is called Suppurative linitis or Phleg- 
monous gastritis. When linitis is attended with hyper- 
plasia of the connective tissue or hypertrophy of the 
muscular structure, it is called Plastic linitis. 
Linnsea (lin-ne'ah) or L. borea'lis (after Linnaeus). 
Ord. Caprifoliacese. This plant has a bitter, sub- 
astringent taste, and is used in fomentation in rheu- 
matic pains. An infusion in milk is used in Switzer- 
land for sciatica. 
Linoleum, lin-o'le-um. Name given to preparations 
of flaxseed oil, having physical properties adapted to 
some purposes for which caoutchouc is used. 
Linospermum, lin-o-sper'mum (linon, flax, sperma, 
seed). See Linum usitatissimum. 
Lin'seed. See Linum usitatissimum. 
Lint. Linteum. L., pa'tent, see Linteum. LINTEAMEN 
Linteamen, lin-te-ah'men. Linteum, pledget. 
Linteum, lin'te-um (linum, flax, linen). Linen cloth. 
Charpie. Soft, flocculent substance, made by scraping 
old linen cloth or by unravelling old linen cut into 
small pieces, employed in surgery as a dressing to 
wounds, ulcers, etc., either simply or covered with 
ointment. Patent lint is generally prepared out of 
cloth manufactured for the purpose, and is therefore 
more uniform in shape and consistence. 
Linum, le'num. See Linteum and Linum usitatissi- 
mum. L. aquili'num, plant growing in Chili, has an- 
tiseptic and stomachic properties. L. arven'se, L. 
usitatissimum. L. cathart'icum, fairy lint, dwarf 
flax, Purging flax, Mill mountain, ord. Linaceae. This 
plant is possessed of cathartic properties, and has a 
bitterish, disagreeable taste. L. cru'dum, see Apoli- 
nosis. L. min'imum, L. catharticum. L. usitatissi'- 
mum, Common flax, Line. The seeds, Linum (Ph. U. S.), 
Linseed, Flaxseed, are inodorous and almost tasteless, 
yielding mucilage to warm water, and oil by expres- 
sion. They are demulcent and emollient. Linseed, 
when ground into powder, Lini farina (Ph. Br.), 
Flaxseed meal, forms a good emollient poultice, the 
powder being stirred into boiling water. The oil, 
Oleum lini, Flaxseed or Linseed oil, is emollient and 
demulcent. 
Liocome, le'o-kome (leios, smooth, home, hairy 
scalp). Dextrin. 
Liomyo'ma. Small and multiple muscular tumor. 
Lion's foot. Nabalus albus, prenanthes. L.'s tail, 
leonurus. 
Liopodia (le-o-pod'e-ah) or Liopus, le-o'pus. See 
Leiopus. 
Lip. See Lips. In entomology, labium means the 
lower lip, labrum the upper. The lips are composed 
of different muscular fasciculi, nerves, and vessels, 
covered by the skin and mucous membrane of the 
mouth, the anterior aperture of which they cir- 
cumscribe. They are inservient to mastication, 
pronunciation, etc., and are distinguished into upper 
and lower-anocheilon and catocheilon. They are placed 
in front of each jaw, forming between them the ante- 
rior aperture of the mouth. They unite at each side, 
forming the angles or commisszires of the mouth, Cha- 
lini. Their free edge is covered with a mucous mem- 
brane of a more or less livid red. They receive their 
arteries from the external carotid. Their veins open 
into the two jugulars. Their lymphatic vessels de- 
scend into the ganglions situate beneath the chin. 
Their nerves are derived from the infraorbitar, men- 
tal, and facial. See Labium and Labrum. L., Leo- 
pold's, form of erectile labial angioma with which 
the emperor Leopold of Germany was affected. It 
was pendulous, and whenever he was in a passion it 
would swell like a turkey-cock's comb, so as to hang 
down on his chin. L. reading, system of instruction 
of deaf-mutes, by which they are taught to read by 
observing persons' lips. L. talking, system of in- 
struction by which deaf-mutes are taught to talk. 
Lipa, le'pah. Fat. 
Lipacidaemia, lip-as-id-e'me-ah (lipos, fat, acidus, 
acid, haima, blood). Presence of fatty acids in the 
blood. 
Lipacidu'ria (lipos, fat, acid, ouron, urine). Excess 
of volatile fatty acid in urine. 
Lipsemia, lip-e'me-ah. Presence of fat in the 
blood. 
Lipara, lip'ar-ah. Plasters containing much oil 
or fat. 
Liparia, lip-ah're-ah. Polysarcia. 
Liparocele (lip-ar-o-se'le) (Eng. lip'ar-o-seel) or Lip'- 
ocele (liparus, kele, tumor). Fatty tumor, Lipoma; 
or fatty tumor of the scrotum, Hernia pinguedinosa 
scroti. 
Liparoid, lip'ar-oid. Fatty. 
Liparom'phalus (liparos, fatty, omphalos, navel). 
Fatty tumor situate at the navel; umbilical epiplocele. 
Liparoscir'rhus. Fatty scirrhous tumor. 
Liparotes, lip-ar'ot-ees. Obesity ; polysarcia. 
Liparotrichia, lip-ar-o-trik'e-ah (liparus, thrix, hair). 
Oiliness of the hair; seborrhcea capillitii. 
637 
LIPS 
Liparous, lip'ar-us. Fatty. 
Liparus, lip'ar-us. Fatty. 
Lipasma, lip-az'mah. Polysarcia. Unguent. 
Lipe, lip'e. Fat. 
LipemanTa. Lypemania. 
Liphsemia, lip-he'me-ah. Leiphaemia; oligaemia. 
Lipocele, lip-o-se'le (Eng. lip'o-seel) (lipe, kele, tu- 
mor). Fatty tumor. 
Lipodermia, lip-o-dur'me-ah (leipo, to leave, derma, 
skin). Deficiency of skin, as of prepuce. 
Lipodermus, lip-o-dur'mus. See Leipodermus. 
Lipofibroma, lip-o-fib-ro'mah (lipos, fat). Fibrous 
form of lipoma; lipoma durum. 
Lipogenous, lip-oj'en-us (lipe, gennao, to generate). 
Relating or pertaining to fatty formation ; developed 
in fat, as lipogenous angioma. 
Lipoma, lip-o'mah (lipos, fat, oma, tumor). Fatty tu- 
mor of an encysted or other character. When it con- 
tains cysts, it is called Cystie lipoma. A fibrous lipoma, 
Steatoma Miilleri, is a lipomatous tumor whose lobules 
are separated from one another by bands of fibrous 
tissue. L. arbores'cens, condition peculiar to serous 
and synovial membranes, the villous and polypoid 
appendages of which have undergone hyperplastic 
development. L. colloi'des, myxolipoma. L., cys'- 
tic, see Lipoma. L. du'rum, L. with hypertrophied 
fibrous substance. L., her'nial, fatty hernial tumor, 
as of the scrotum. L. myxomato'des, myxosarcoma; 
tumor containing adipose and mucous tissues. L., 
nsevoid or telangiecto'des, L. with increased vascu- 
lar supply, like naevus. 
Lipomatodes (lip-o-mat-o'dees) or Lipomatoid, lip- 
o'ma-toid. Lipomatous. 
Lipomatosis, lip-o-mat-o'sis. Tendency or predis- 
position to the growth of lipomatous tumors. Fatty 
degeneration. L., myoatroph'ic, pseudo-hypertrophic 
muscular paralysis. L. universa'lis, obesity. 
Lipomatous, lip-om'at-us. Having the nature of 
lipoma. 
Lipomeria, lip-o-mer'e-ah (leipo, meros, part). Mon- 
strosity from arrest of development or from defect. 
Deficiency of one or more of the parts ; for example, 
in one who has only four fingers. 
Lipomyxoma, lip-o-miks-o'mah. Tumor contain- 
ing adipose and mucous tissues. 
Lipopsychia, lip-o-sik'e-ah (leipo, psuche, breath). 
Syncope ; adynamia; asthenia. 
Liposarco'ma. Tumor with the blended charac- 
teristics of lipoma and sarcoma. 
Liposar'cous (leipo, sarx, flesh). Thin ; of slight 
build. 
Liposis, lip-o'sis. Lipomatosis. See Polysarcia. 
Liposphyxia, lip-o-sfiks'e-ah (leipo, sphuxis, pulse). 
Syncope. 
Lipospongo'sis (leipo, spongos, sponge). Develop- 
ment of fatty and spongy growth. 
Lipothymia, lip-o-thim'e-ah (leipo, thumos, mind). 
Syncope; excessive languor. 
Lip'pa. Lippitudo. 
Lip'per. Lepra; leprous. 
Lip'pia grave'olens. Shrub of Texas and Mexico; 
demulcent and emmenagogue. Same properties be- 
long to L. Mexica'na, which has the same habitat. 
L. nodiflo'ra, creeping vervain of E. and W. Indies, 
United States, etc.; leaves are used in dyspepsia and 
diarrhoea. 
Lippitudo, lip-pe-tu'do. Chronic conjunctivitis, 
Bleareye, Bleareyedness, Blearedness. Copious secre- 
tion of the sebaceous humor of the eyelids, render- 
ing them gummy; chronic inflammation of the tar- 
sal margins, the eyelids being red, tumefied, and 
painful. Blepharadenitis. L. angula'ris, blephar- 
adenitis of the angle of the eye. L. neonato'rum, 
ophthalmia neonatorum. L. prurigino'sa, psoroph- 
thalmia. 
Lippus, lip'pus. One affected with bleareye. 
Lips. Folds belonging to the genital organs of 
the female: 1. Labia pudendi, two membranous 
folds, thicker above than below, limiting the vulva 
laterally and extending from the inferior part of 
the mons Veneris to the perineum. They unite LIPSIS 
anteriorly and posteriorly, forming commissures, the 
posterior of which is called Fourchette. Their outer 
surface is convex, formed of skin and covered with 
hair; the inner surface is white and covered by a 
mucous membrane continuous with that lining the 
other parts of the vulva. The space between the skin 
and mucous membrane is filled with a fatty tissue 
and fibrous bands, fibres of the constrictor vagi me 
muscle, vessels, and nerves. 2. Labia pudendi minora, 
see Nymphx. We speak also of the lips of a wound, 
ulcer, etc. when alluding to the edges of these solu- 
tions of continuity. See Lip. 
Lipsis (lip'sis) an'imi. Syncope. 
Lipsotrichia, lip-so-trik'e-ah (leipsis, forsaking, 
thrix, hair). Absence of hair; baldness; alopecia. 
Lipu'ria (lipos, fat, ouron, urine). Fatty condition 
of the urine. 
Lipus, le'pus. Fat. 
Lipyria, lip-ir'e-ah (leipo, pur, fire). Malignant 
fever accompanied with cold extremities; term used 
by the old writers. 
Liquamen, lik-wah'men (liquo, to dissolve). Liquid 
mixture; garum. 
Liquamumia, lik-wah-mu'me-ah. Human fat. 
Liquarium, lik-wah're-um (liqueo, to melt or dis- 
solve). Simple syrup 
Liquatio, lik-wah'she-o. Liquefaction. 
Liquefacient, lik-we-fa'shent (liqueo, to be liquid, 
facio, to make). Medicinal agent which seems to 
have the power of liquefying solid depositions, as 
mercury, iodine, etc. 
Liquefaction, lik-we-fak'shun. Transformation of 
a solid substance into a liquid, especially metals and 
fatty bodies. See Fusion. 
Llquefactive degeneration, lik-we-fak'tiv de-jen- 
e-ra'shun. Form of degeneration seen in the simple 
softening of certain organs, as the brain, and the 
liquefaction of inflammatory products in the sup- 
purative process. 
Liq'uid, adhe'sive, May'nard's. Collodion. L., 
amniot'ic, liquor amnii. L., blis'tering, liquor epi- 
spasticus. L. ceph'alo-rachid'ian, ce rebro-spinal 
fluid. L., disinfecting, Burnett's, see Burnett's disin- 
fecting liquid. L., disinfect'ing, Lab'arraque's, liquor 
sodae chlorinatae. L., disinfecting, of LarnaudSs, 
see Zinci sulphas. L., disinfecting, Ledoy'en's, see 
Ledoyen's disinfecting liquid. L., glass, potassium sili- 
cate. L., Laville's, Laville's liquid. 
Llquidam'bar asplenifoiia. Comptonia aspleni- 
folia. L. offlcinaiis, see Styrax. L., Orien'tal, liquid 
storax. L. peregri'na, Comptonia asplenifoiia. L. 
styracifiua, Sweet gum, White gum, ord. Balsaminese. 
Name of the tree affording Liquidambar and Storax 
liquida, Styrax liquida, or Liquid storax. Liquidambar 
is a resinous juice, at first of about the consistence of 
turpentine, by age hardening in a solid, brittle mass. 
The bark is used in diarrhoea and dysentery. Styrax 
liquida is obtained from this plant by boiling. It is 
used occasionally as a stomachic in the form of 
plaster. 
Liquidum (lik'wid-um) Haversia'num. Synovia. 
L. ner'veum, nervous fluid. 
Liquiritia, lik-ir-ish'e-ah. Glycyrrhiza. 
Li/quor (liqueo, to be liquid). Name given to many 
compound liquids, and especially those the bases of 
which are water and alcohol. L. ac'idi arsenio'si (Ph. 
U. S.), solution of arsenious acid (acid, arsenios., gr. 
xxxvij ; acid, hydrochloric., hLlxvij ; aquae dest., q. s. 
to make Oss). It contains 4.6 grs. to every 
Properties of Fowler's solution. Dose, HLj-vj. * L. 
ac'idi chro'mici (Ph. Br.), solution of chromic acid ; 
solution containing 25 per cent, of the acid; applied ex- 
ternally as a caustic. L. aethe'reus, aether. L. sethe'- 
reus sulphu'ricus, spiritus aetheris sulphurici. L. 
alu'minis compos'itus, Compound solution of alum 
(alum, zinc sulphate, aa ; hot water, Oij ; dissolve 
and filter through paper). Detergent and stimulant; 
used as a collyrium, when properly diluted, in oph- 
thalmia ; as injection in gleet, leucorrhoea, etc. L. ex 
ammo'niH et o'leo suc'cini, spiritus ammoniae suc- 
cinatus. L. ammo'niae (Ph. U. S.), Aqua ammonia} 
638 
LIQUOR 
(Ph. U. S.), Solution of ammonia (chloride of ammonium, 
lime, aud water). Liquor ammoniae may also be made 
by mixing one part of liquor ammoniae fortior with 
two parts of distilled water. Its sp. gr. is 0.960. L. 
ammo'niae aceta'tis, L. ammonii acetatis (Ph. U. S. 
and Br.), Solution of acetate of ammonia or ammonium 
Spirit of Mindererus (acid, acetic, dilut., Oj ; ammon. 
carbonat., q. s.; add the salt to the acid until it is 
saturated). Sudorific; externally, cooling; dose, 
to L. ammo'niae fortior, Stronger solution of am- 
monia, Aquae ammoniae fortior, Stronger water of ammonia 
(Ph. U. S.), is an aqueous solution of ammonia of the 
s. g. 0.900. Liquor ammoniae is stimulant, antacid, 
and rubefacient. Dose, gtt. x to xx in water or milk. 
L. ammo'niae sesquicarbona'tis, liquor ammoniae 
subcarbonatis. L. ammo'niae subcarbona'tis, Solu- 
tion of subcarbonate of ammonium, Water of carbonate of 
ammonia (ammoniae carbon., §iv; aquae destillat., Oj). 
Use, the same as that of the carbonate of am- 
monium. L. ammo'nii aceta'tis, liquor ammoniae 
acetatis. L. ammo'nii aceta'tis for'tior (Ph. Br.), 
strong solution of acetate of ammonium (ammon. carb., 
Sjxvss; acid, acetic., aquae destillat., q. s.); dose, 
nt,xxx-f3j. L. ammo'nii aethe'reus, spiritus ammo- 
niae aromaticus. L. ammo'nii aromat'icus, spiritus 
ammoniae aromaticus. L. ammo'nii citra'tis, Solu- 
tion of citrate of ammonium (strong solution of citrate 
of ammonium, f^v; distilled water, q. s. to make 
f^xx); dose, f<5ij-v (Ph. Br.); given in cases of ady- 
namic fever. L. ammo'nii citra'tis for'tior (Ph. Br.) 
(acid, citric., ; liquor ammonii fortior, f^xj; 
aquae dest., q. s.). L. ammo'nii hydrothi'odis, am- 
moniae sulphuretum. L. ammo'nii oleo'so-aromat- 
icus, spiritus ammoniae aromaticus. L. ammo'nii 
succin'ici, spiritus ammoniae succinatus. L. ammo'- 
nii vino'sus, spiritus ammoniae. L. am'nii, liquor 
of the amnion ; fluid exhaled by the amnios and en- 
veloping the fcetus during the whole period of utero- 
gestation. It is often simply called the waters. In 
some women only five or six ounces are met with; in 
others it amounts to pints. It is limpid, yellowish, 
or whitish, exhales a faint smell, and has a slightly 
saline taste. It facilitates the dilatation of the uterus, 
and aids delivery by acting as a soft wedge inclosed 
in its membranes, Bag of waters. It is probably in- 
servient to useful purposes in the nutrition of the 
foetus. L. am'nii, false, fluid contained between the 
amnion and chorion in the early periods of foetal ex- 
istence. L., an'odyne, Hoff'man's, spiritus aetheris 
sulphurici compositus. L. anod'ynus martia'lis, 
alcohol sulphurico-aethereus ferri. L. anod'ynus 
terebinthina'tus, prescribed in cases of gall-stone 
and of obstructions and indurations of the liver and 
spleen (Hoffman's anodyne liquor, rectified oil 
of turpentine, J)ij); dose, 5 to 10 drops. L. antimo'nii 
chlo'ridi (Ph. Br.) (purified black antimony, j ; hy- 
drochloric acid, Oiv). Used only as source of oxide of 
antimony. L. antimo'nii tartariza'ti, Solution of 
tartarized antimony (antim. et potass, tartrat., gr. liv.; 
aq. destillat., Oj ; spirit, vini rectif., f Emetic, 
like the vinum antimonii, and in the same dose. 
L. antimo'nii terchlo'ridi, see Antimonium muriatum. 
L. arsenica'lis (Ph. Br.), Liquor potassii arsenitis 
(Ph. U. S.), Arsenical solution, Mineral solvent, Solution 
of arsenite of potassa or potassium, Fowler's solution of 
arsenic, Tasteless ague drops (acid, arsenios., gr. xxxvij; 
potass, bicarbonatis, gr. xxxvij ; spirit, lavand. comp., 
tt^cxxx; aquse destillat., q. s. to make Oss); 100 
minims of Fowler's solution contain nearly one 
grain of arsenious acid; dose, gtt. v-x. L. arsen- 
ica'lis Biet'tii, see Arseniate of ammonia. L. arsen- 
ica'lis Pearso'nii, see Arseniate of soda. L. arsen'- 
ici chlo'ridi, Hydrochloric solution of arsenic, Solution 
of chloride of arsenic (arsenious acid, gr. Ixiv; hydro- 
chloric acid, f3ij ; distilled water, q. s. to make Oj). 
Each fluidounce contains four grains of arsenious 
acid or the equivalent quantity of terchloride. 
Properties the same as those of liquor arsenicalis; 
it is a substitute for, and imitation of, De Valangin's 
arsenical solution, Solutio solventis mineralis; dose, gtt. 
v to x. L. arsen'ici or arsen'ii et hydrar'gyri io'- LIQUOR 
didi (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Donovan's solution; see 
Arsenic and mercury, iodide of. L. atropi'nse sulpha'- 
tis, Solution of sulphate of atropia (atrophias sulph., 
gr. ix; aquae camphorae, fjxviss; Ph. Br.); used 
by the oculist to dilate the pupil, a drop being placed 
on the eye. L. ba'rii chlo'ridi, baryta, muriate of, 
solution of. L. Bellos'tii, L. hydrargyri nitrici. L. 
bismu'thi et ammo'nte citra'tis, Solution of citrate 
of bismuth and ammonium (bismuth, citrat., gr. dccc; 
aquae ammoniae, aquae destillat., aa q. s. to make Oj) 
(Ph. Br.). Various other unofficinal formulae for this 
solution have appeared under the incorrect name of 
Liquor bismuthi. L. cal'cii chlo'ridi (Ph. Br.) (calcii 
chlorid., gr. Ixxxviij ; aquae destillat., f j); dose 
xl. L. cal'cis (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Aqua calcis, Solution 
of lime, Lime-water (calcis aquae, aquae destillat., q. s.). 
Astringent, tonic, and antacid, and used in diarrhoea, 
diabetes, heartburn, etc., and as a lotion to foul 
and cancerous ulcers, etc.; dose, to Oss in 
milk. The B. Ph. has Liquor calcis saccharatus, 
Saccharated solution of lime (slaked lime, ; 
refined sugar, in powder, ; put them in a 
bottle containing distilled water Oj, shaking occa- 
sionally for a few hours, and separating the clear solu- 
tion); dose, fjss to fjj. L. cal'cis chlorina'tse, 
Solution of chlorinated lime (made by triturating a 
pound of chlorinated lime with a gallon of water, 
shaking the mixture, filtering, and keeping in a well- 
stopped bottle; Ph. Br.). Used in the same cases as 
chlorinated lime; dose, Ttbxx-f3j. I*. cal'cis com- 
pos'itus, Aqua calcis composita, Compound lime-water 
(lign. guaiac, ras., ibss; rad. glycyrrh., 5j ; cort. sas- 
safras., ,5ss; semin. coriand., ; liquor, calcis, Ovj); 
stimulant, diaphoretic, and astringent, and used in 
cutaneous affections. L. cal'cis muria'tis, see Calcis 
murias. L. cal'cis sacchara'tus, see Liquor calcis. 
L. carbo'nis deter'gens, an alcoholic solution of coal- 
tar, containing, therefore, carbolic and other acids, 
tarry matter, etc. In emulsion with water it is used 
as a mouth-wash, injection for ulcers, and for gonor- 
rhoea, parasitic affections, etc. L. cerebrospina'lis, 
cephalospinal fluid. L. cere'ris, cerevisia. L. chlo- 
re'ti na'tri, L. sodae chlorinate. L. chlo'ri, see Chlo- 
rine. L. chlorure'ti na'tri, L. sodae chlorinate. L. 
chlorure'ti so'dae, L. sodae chlorinate. L. chy'li, see 
Chyle. L. cor'nu cer'vi, liquor volatilis cornu cervi. 
L. of Cotug'no, Cotunnius, liquor of. L. cu'pri am- 
monia'ti, Blue eye-water, Solution of ammoniated copper 
(cupri ammoniat., 3j j aquae destill., Oj). Corrosive 
and detergent. Used externally to foul ulcers, and, 
diluted with an equal part of distilled water, applied 
by means of a hair pencil to specks and films ou the 
eye. L. cu'pri ammoniosulpha'tis, liquor cupri 
ammoniati. L. cu'pri sulpha'tis compos'itus (cupri 
sulphat., alumin. sulphat., aa ; aquae purae, Oij ; 
acid, sulph., 5ij). Astringent in epistaxis, etc.; also 
called Aqua styptica. L. Cyreni'acus, benjamin. L. 
Donova'ni, see Arsenic and mercury, iodide of. L. 
enter'icus, succus entericus. L. epispas'ticus, Blis- 
tering liquid (cantharid. pulv., gviij ; acid, acetic., 
aether, q. s.; Ph. B.). L. exci'tans, spiritus 
ammoniae succinatus. L. fer'ri aceta'tis (Ph. U. S. 
and Br.) (solution of tersulphate of iron, 
glacial acetic acid, fgiv, f,3vj; water of am- 
monia, Oj; water and distilled water, of each q. s. 
to make one pint). Excellent chalybeate tonic; 
dose, nUj-x. L. fer'ri aceta'tis for'tior (Ph. 
Br.) (solution of persulphate of iron, solu- 
tion of ammonia, q.s; glacial acetic acid,'liquefied, 
f ; distilled water, q. s.); dose, TqJ-vj. L. fer'ri 
alkali'ni, Solution of alkaline iron (ferri, 3ijss; acid, 
nitric., 5ij ; aquae destillat., fgvj; liq. potass, sub- 
carb., Tonic, like other preparations of iron; 
dose, f 3ss-iss. L. fer'ri chlor'idi (Ph. U. S. and Br.)' 
Solution of chloride of iron (prepared by the action of 
muriatic and nitric acids and distilled water on iron wire); 
dose, TTtiij-x. L. fer'ri citra'tis (Ph. U. S.), Solution of 
citrate of iron (citric acid, ; solutionjff tersulphate 
of iron, water of ammonia, water, 
q. s. to make Used to prepare the ferri citras. 
L- fer'ri dialysa'tus, solution of dialyzed iron (strong 
639 
LIQUOR 
solution of perchloride of iron, ; solution of 
ammonia, distilled water, aa q, s.; Ph. Br). Dose, 
L. fer'ri io'didi, Solution of iodide of iron, 
Syrupus Jerri iodidi (Ph. U. S.), Syrup of iodide of iron 
(iodin., 3 ij ; ferri til., gr. cclxvj ; aquae destill., q. s. 
to make Oj ; sacchar., ; dose, 20 or 30 drops. L. 
fer'ri muriat'ici oxyda'ti, see Ferri chloridum. L. 
fer'ri muria'tis, tinctura ferri muriatis. L. fer'ri 
nitra'tis (Ph. U. S.), Solution of nitrate or ternitrate 
of sesquioxide or of sesquinitrate or pernitrate of iron 
or of the ferric nitrate. Recommended in chronic 
diarrhoea and dysentery. Its virtues exactly resem- 
ble those of chjoride of iron. (Solution of tersul- 
phate of iron, f 5ij -f 3v ; water of ammonia, ; ni- 
tric acid, distilled water, water, aa q. s. to 
make 3xx.) Dose, 10 to 20 drops. L. fer'ri perace- 
ta'tis (made hy oxidizing the protosulphate of iron to 
the teroxide, precipitating with ammonia, washing 
the hydrated peroxide thus formed, and expressing 
between linen and mixing with diluted acetic acid); 
dose, gtt. iij-x, largely diluted. L. fer'ri perchlo'- 
ridi (Ph. Br.), see Ferri chloridum. L. fer'ri perchlo'ridi 
for'tior, see Ferri chloridum. L. fer'ri pernitra'tis, L. 
f. nitratis. L. fer'ri persulpha'tis, see Ferri sulphas. 
L. fer'ri et qui'nise citra'tis (Ph. U. S.), solution of 
citrate of iron and quinine (citrate of iron and am- 
monium, gr. dlxviij ; quinine, gr. cv; citric acid, gr. 
ccxlv; alcohol, f3vj; distilled water to make f,5iv). 
Same medicinal properties as citrate of iron and qui- 
nine. Dose, rr[x-xx. L. fer'ri sesquichlora'ti, see 
Ferri chloridum. L. fer'ri subsulpha'tis (Ph.U. S.), see 
Ferri sulphas. L. fer'ri tersulpha'tis (Ph. U. S. and 
Br.), Solution of tersulphate or persulphate of iron (ferri 
sulph., §viij ; acid, sulphuric., ; acid, nitric., aquae 
destillat., aa q. s. to make Used in the for- 
mation of different chalybeate preparations. L. fol- 
lic'uli, see Folliculi Graafiani. L. fu'mans Boyl'ii, 
solution of hydrosulphuret of ammonium; Boyle's 
fuming liquor; nauseating and emetic, and given in 
diabetes and diseases of excitement. L., fu'ming, 
Boyle's, liquor fumans Boylii. L., fu'ming, of 
Liba'vius, tin, muriate of. L., gen'ital, sperm. L. 
gut'ta-per'chae (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Solution of gutta- 
percha. Solution of gutta-percha, 3j, iu commercial 
chloroform, with the addition of carbon- 
ate of lead, which by its weight subsides and carries 
down the coloring matter. Applied by means of a 
camel's-hair pencil in cutaneous affections, as erysip- 
elas and eczema, and to indolent ulcers. L. of harts'- 
horn, vol'atile, liquor volatilis cornu cervi. L. 
hydrar'gyri et arsen'ici io'didi, see Arsenic and 
mercury, iodide of. L. hydrar'gyri bichlo'ridi, 
liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis. L. hydrar'gyri 
chlo'ridi corrosi'vi, L. hydrargyri oxymuriatis. 
L. hydrar'gyri nitra'tis (Ph. U. S.), Solution of ni- 
trate of mercury, Acid solution of nitrate of mercury 
(mix nitric acid, f with distilled wnter, f .5 j, 
fgiiiss; dissolve red oxide of mercury, in the 
mixture, and evaporate); applied externally as an 
escharotic to malignant and cancerous ulcers, chan- 
cres, boils, etc., with a camel's-hair brush, glass rod, 
match-stick, etc. L. hydrar'gyri nitra'tis ac'idus, 
L. hydrargyri nitratis. L. hydrar'gyri ni'trici (hy- 
drarg., 120 p.; acid. nitr. (33°), 150 p.; distilled water, 
900 p.); dose, two or three drops in a glass of water. 
L. hydrar'gyri oxymuria'tis, L. hydrargyriperchloridi 
(Ph. B.), Solution of oxymuriate of mercury, Liquor or 
Solution of corrosive sublimate or of Van Swieten (hy- 
drarg. bichlor., ammon. chlorid., aa gr. x; aquae destill., 
Oj ; Ph. Br.); dose, f 3ss-i. L. hydrar'gyriperchlo'ridi 
(Ph. Br.), L. hydrargyri oxymuriatis. L. hydrar'gyri 
pernitra'tis, see Hydrargyri nitras. L. hydrar'gyri 
supernitra'tis, see Hydrargyri nitras. L. hydrio- 
da'tis arsen'ici et hydrar'gyri, arsenic and mercury, 
iodide of. L. intestina'lis, succus entericus. L. i'odi, 
Solution of iodine (iodin., gr. xx; potass, iodid., gr. 
xxx; aquae destillat., ; Ph. B.). L. i'odi com- 
pos'itus (Ph. U. S.), Compound solution of iodine, 
Lugol's solution (iodin., §ss; potass, iodid., j ; aquae 
destillat., dose, gtt. vj-xij, in su- 
gared water. L, lac'tis, see Milk. I>. lithar'gyri LIQUOR 
subaceta'tis, L. plumbi subacetatis. L. lithar'gyri 
subaceta'tis compos'itus, liquor plumbi subacetatis 
dilutus. L. lith'iae efferves'cens, Effervescing solu- 
tion of lithia (lithiae carbonat., gr. x; aquae, Oj ; mix 
and introduce in it as much carbonic acid gas as can 
be passed in with a pressure of about four atmo- 
spheres; Ph. B.); dose, L. lym'phae, see 
Lymph. L. magne'siae or magne'sil carbona'tis (Ph. 
Br.) (magnes. sulph., sodii carb., aquae destillat., and 
acid, carbonic.); dose, as antacid and laxative, 
f ; see Magnesia, fluid. L. magne'sil citra'tis 
(Ph. U. S. and Br.) (magnes. carb., gr. cc; acid, citric., 
gr. cccc; syrup of citric acid, f .5 ij ; potass, bicarb., 
gr. xxx; aquae, q. s. to make cathartic in 
doses of f ; laxative in half that quantity or 
fractional doses; see Magnesii citras. L. Mindere'ri, 
liquor ammonii acetatis. L. of Monro', Solution of 
Monro, solution used by Monro for the preserva- 
tion of anatomical preparations; composed of alco- 
hol at 22° or 24°, with a drachm of nitric acid to 
each pint. L. Morgagnii, Morgagni, humor of. L. 
mor'phiae aceta'tis, L. morphi'nae aceta'tis (Ph. 
Br.), Solution of acetate of morphia or morphines, Anodyne 
drops (morph, acet., gr. ix; acid, acetic., dilut., rr^xviij ; 
spirit, rectificat., aq. destillat., f ; dose, 
HLx-xxx. L. mor'phiae hydrochlora'tis (Ph. Br.), 
Solution of hydrochlorate or muriate of morphia (hy- 
drochlorate of morphia, gr. ix; dilute hydrochloric 
acid, TTLxviij; rectified spirit, distilled water, 
f ; dose, L. mor'phiae sulpha'tis, 
Solution of sulphate of morphia (morphiae sulphat., 
gr. viij ; aquae destillat., Oss); dose, fjj-ij, containing 
from | to | of a grain. L. morphi'nae himecona'tis 
(Ph. Br.), Solution of bimeconate of morphine (morph, 
hydrochlor., gr. ix; aquae ammoniae, q. s.; acid, me- 
conic., gr. vj ; spirit, rectificat., f ; aquae destillat., 
q. s.); dose, Yfi,v-xxx. L. mu'ci, see Mucus. L. na'trl 
oxymuriat'ici, L. sodae chlorinatae. L. oleo'sus 
Syl'vii, spiritus ammoniae aromaticus. L. o'pii sed- 
ati'vus, Battley's solution of opium. Empirical prepara- 
tion by a London druggist of that name. An aqueous 
solution of opium, evaporated to dryness to get rid of 
the acid resin, redissolved in water, and a small por- 
tion of alcohol added to give it permanence; but 
devoid of many of the narcotic effects of opium. L. 
o'pii sedati'vus (Haden's), see Tinctura opii. L. o'vi 
al'bus, albumen ovi. L. pancreat'icus, see Pancreas. 
L. pepsi'ni (Ph. U. S.), solution of pepsin; liquid 
pepsin (pepsin, saccharat., gr. cccc; acid, hydrochloric., 
tr^cx; glycerin., ; aquae, f^xij); excellent prepa- 
ration of pepsin ; dose, L. pericard'ii, see 
Pericardium. L. plum'bi aceta'tis, liquor plumbi 
subacetatis. L. plum'bi diaceta'tis, liquor plumbi 
subacetatis. L. plum'bi subaceta'tis (Ph. U. S. and 
Br.), Solution of subacetate of lead, Goulard's extract, 
Goulard's extract of lead (plumb, acet., fflv, 3iiss; 
plumb, oxid., gr. xxx; aquae destillat., q. s. to 
make It is used externally, as a cooling 
astringent and discutient when diluted with dis- 
tilled water. L. plum'bi subaceta'tis dilu'tus (Ph. 
U. S. and Br.), Diluted solution of subacetate of lead, 
Lead-water, Goulard's lotion, Goulard water, White 
wash, Royal preventive (liq. plumbi subacetat., f£j ; 
aquae destillat., f£v). Properties the same as the 
last, but feebler. L. potas'sae (Ph. U. S. and Br.), 
Solution of potash or of potassa, Soap lees, Soap ley 
(potassii bicarb., sjiiss; calcis, ; aquae destill., q. s. 
to make Oiss). It may also be obtained by dissolving 
potassa, §j, in distilled water, Oj. Internally, it 
should be given in sweetened water or in mucilag- 
inous material; it is antilithic in cases of uric-acid 
calculi, diuretic, and antacid, and has been employed 
in scrofula and certain skin diseases. Externally, 
stimulant and escharotic; dose, HLX_XX- L. Potas'sae 
arseni'tis, L. arsenicalis. L. potas'sae carbona'tis, 
L. potassae subcarbonatis. L. potas'sae citra'tis, 
Liquor potassii citratis (Ph. U. S.), Solution of citrate of 
potassa or potassium, Neutral mixture 
(acid, citric., §iss; potass, bicarbonat., §ij ; aquae, q. s. 
to make Employed in fever, usually com- 
bined with" spiritus aetheris nitrosi, etc, L. potas'sae 
640 
LIQUOR 
efferves'cens, Effervescing solution of potash, Potash- 
water; filtered solution of bicarbonate of potash in 
water into which carbonic acid gas is passed (Ph. B.). 
L. potas'sse permangana'tis (Ph. Br.) (potass, perman- 
ganat., gr. Ixxxviij ; aquse destillat., Oj); dose, f •Sji-j ; 
see Potassii permanganas. L. potas'sae subcarbona'tis, 
Oil of tartar, Saline oil of tartar, Solution of subcarbonate 
of potassium (potass, subcarb., Ibj ; a qua? destillat., 
f£ xij)! dose, gtt. x-xxx. L. potas'sii arseni'tis (Ph. 
U. S.), L. arsenicalis. L. potas'sii citra'tis, L. potass® 
citratis. L. potas'sii io'didi compos'itus, Compound 
solution of iodide of potassium (potassii iodid., gr. x ; 
iodin., gr. v; aquae destillat., Oj imp.); dose, f §j. L. 
potas'sii permangana'tis, see Potassii permanganas. 
L., prop'agatory, sperm. L. prostat'icus, prostatic 
liquor; see Prostate. L. pu'ris, see Pus. L. san'gui- 
nis, Blood liquor, a term given to one of the con- 
stituents of the blood, the other being the red parti- 
cles; the Hiematoplasma, Plasma of Schultz, Lymph, 
Coagulable or Plastic lymph, the Jfucago or Mucilage of 
Harvey and others, and the Intercellular fluid of Leh- 
mann. It is the effused material from which the cells 
obtain the constituents of the different tissues and 
secretions; see Blood. L. of Scar'pa, vitreous humor 
of the ear. L. sem'inis, Spermatic liquor; homo- 
geneous transparent fluid, containing spermatozoids 
and seminal granules; see Sperm. L. so'dse (Ph. U. S. 
and Br.), Solution of soda, Solution of caustic soda (sodii 
carbonat., §v; calcis, giss; aquae destillat., q. s. to 
make Oiss); same properties as liquor potassae. L. 
so'dae arsenia'tis, see Arseniate of sodium. L. so'- 
.dae carbona'tis, Solution of carbonate of sodium (sodii 
carbon., av.; aquae destillat., Oj imp.); antacid; 
dose, one or two tablespoonfuls, diluted with water. 
L. so'dae chlora'tae (Ph. U. S. and Br.), L. sodae chlor- 
inate. L. so'dae chlo'ridi, L. sodae chlorinate. L. 
so'dae chlorina'tae, liquor sodae chlorate (Ph. U. 8.), 
Labarraque's solution or disinfecting liquid, Solution of 
chlorinated soda (calcis chlorinat., §xx; sodii carbonat., 
§xxv; aquae, q. s. to make Oxiv); used in same cases 
as the chloride of lime. Internally, 10 drops to a 
fluidrachm for a dose. Diluted with water it is an 
excitant and disinfectant in various external diseases. 
L. so'dae efferves'cens (Ph. Br.), solution prepared by 
adding sodium bicarbonate, gr. xxx, to water, Oj ; 
acidulous water, simple. L. so'dae oxymuriat'icae, 
L. sodae chlorinate. L. so'dii arsenia'tis (Ph. U. S. 
and Br.) (sodii arseniat., gr. xxiij ; aquae destillat., 
f ,^v); dose, tffij -v; see Arseniate of soda. L. so'dii car- 
bol'ici, solution of sodic carbolate. L. so'dii ethyla'- 
tis (Ph. Br.), solution of sodium ethylate (metallic 
sodium, gr. xxij ; ethylic alcohol, used as a 
caustic. L. so'dii silica'tis (Ph. U. 8.), solution of 
silicate of sodium, used by surgeons for making im- 
movable dressings. L., spermat'ic, semen. L.strych'- 
niae or strychni'nae hydrochlora'tis (Ph. Br.) 
(strychnine, gr. ix ; dilute hydrochloric acid, Tf^xiv; 
rectified spirit, f 5SS; distilled water, dose, 
Tipv-x.; see Strychnine murias. L. styp'ticus, L. ferri 
chloridi. L. styp'ticus Loofii, see Ferri chloridum.. 
L. styp'ticus Ruspi'ni, styptic, Ruspini's. L. sub- 
arachnoidea'lis, cerebrospinal fluid. L. sulphu'rico- 
aethe'reus, sulphuric ether. L. sulphu'rico-aethe'reus 
constrin'gens, collodion. L. sulphu'ricus alcoolisa'- 
tus, spiritus setheris sulphurici. L. Swietenis, syph- 
ilit'icus Turner!, or of Van Swieten, L. hydrargyri 
oxymuriatis. L. tar'tari emet'ici, L. antimonii tar- 
tarizati. L. vesicans, cantharidal collodion. L. of 
Villate, astringent escharotic solution employed in 
caries and fistula (liquid subacetate of lead, crystal- 
lized sulphate of copper, sulphate of zinc, and white 
vinegar). L. volat'ilis cor'nu cer'vi, spirit of harts- 
horn ; bone spirit. A solution of subcarbonate of am- 
monia impregnated with empyreumatic oil. L. volat'- 
ilis os'sium, L. volatilis cornu cervi. L. zin'ci chlo'- 
ridi (Ph. U. S. and Br.) (zinc, granulated, gvjj ; nitric 
acid, hpc; precipitated carbonate of zinc, gr. cxxxvj ; 
hydrochloric acid, water, aaq. s. to make Oj); a power- 
ful disinfectant, and used to preserve bodies for dis- 
section. L. zin'ci sulpha'tis cum cam'phora, lotion 
for ulcers, or, diluted with water, a collyrium, LIQUORICE 
Liquorice, lik'o-ris. See Glycyrrhiza and Extractum 
glycyrrhisue. 
Lirioden'drine. Aromatic bitter from fresh bark 
of root of Liriodendron tulipifera; considered by some 
identical with piperine. 
Liriodendron (lir-e-o-den'dron) or Lirioden'drum 
(leirion, lily, dendron, tree). Tulip or Poplar tree, 
Tulip-bearing or American poplar, White wood, Cypress 
tree (New England). Bark-Liriodendron (Ph. U. S.) 
-especially of the root of this tree, indigenous in the 
United States, is a strong aromatic, tonic bitter; 
active principle separated is Liriodendrin. It is em- 
ployed in dysentery, dyspepsia, and in intermittent 
fevers. 
Lis'franc's amputation. Amputation at tarso- 
metatarsal articulation. See Amputation. 
Lisianthus, liz-e-an'thus. Shrub of genus Gen- 
tianacese, species of which have medical properties of 
gentian ; several species are used medicinally. 
Lisp'ing. Defective dental speech, the s being 
pronounced like th. 
Lis'sauer's angles. Angle formed by lines drawn 
in the median plane of the skull, with fixed base line 
extending from occipital protuberance to junction of 
vomer and sphenoid. L.'s tract, tract of minute 
fibres where the lateral and posterior columns of the 
spinal cord meet. 
Lissencephalia, lis-sen-sef-al'e-ah (lissos, smooth, en- 
kephalos'). Condition in higher animals in which the 
hemispheres of the brain are smooth and the convo- 
lutions are not numerous. 
Lissenceph'alous (lissos, smooth, enkephalos, brain). 
Condition of the cerebrum in which the convolutions 
are smooth or of small number. Liencephalous. 
Lis'terine. Antiseptic solution consisting, it is said, 
of benzoic acid, boric acid, borax, oil of peppermint, 
thymol, alcohol, oil of Wintergreen and eucalyptol, 
and water. 
Listerism, lis'ter-izm. Antiseptic or aseptic prin- 
ciples of surgery instituted by Sir Joseph Lister. See 
Antiseptic. 
Listing's law. Has reference to movement of the 
eyeball, the movement from position of rest resulting 
in angle of rotation in second position, being the same 
as if the eye were rotated around a fixed axis per- 
pendicular to the first and second positions of the line 
of vision. 
Lisbon's i'singlass plas'ter. Sparadrapum adhte- 
sivum. L.'s splint, splint reaching from axilla to 
four inches beyond the foot, with lower end notched 
for convenience of application. 
Lite, le'te. Plaster made of verdigris, wax, and 
resin. 
Lithae'mia (lithos, stone, haima, blood). Gouty or 
other condition with excess of uric acid or urates in 
the blood. 
Lithagogectasla, lith-a-go-gek-tas'e-ah (lithagogum, 
ektasis, dilatation). Lithectasy. 
Lith'agogue (lithos, ago, to expel). Remedy sup- 
posed to possess the power of expelling calculi. 
Lithagogum, lith-a-go'gum. Medicine used for the 
expulsion of calculus. 
Lithanthrakokali, lith-an-thrah-kok'al-e. Anthra- 
kokali. 
Lithanthrax, lith-an'thraks (litho, anthrax, a coal). 
Carbo fossilis. 
Litharge, lith arj (litharguros, litho, arguros, silver). 
Plumbi oxidum semivitreum; impure lead oxide. L. 
of gold or of sil'ver, see Plumbi oxidum semivitreum. 
Lithargyri acetum, lith-ar'jer-e as-e'tum. Liquor 
plumbi subacetatis. 
Lithargyr'ium, Lithargyrum (lith-ar'jer-um), or 
Lithargyrus, lith-ar'je-rus. Plumbi oxidum semi- 
vitreum. 
Lith'ate. Compound of lithic acid with a base. 
Urate. L. of so'dium, urate of sodium. 
Lithectasy, lith-ek'ta-se (lithos, ektasis, dilatation). 
Dilatation of the neck of the bladder and membranous 
urethra for extraction of calculus. 
Lithec'tomy (lithos, ektome, excision). Lithotomy. 
Lith'enate. See Urate. 
641 
LITHOCENOSIS 
Lithe'nic ac'id. Uric or lithic acid. 
Lith'epsy (lithos, epso, to boil). Lithodialysis. 
Lith'ia. Formation of stone, gravel, or concretions 
in human body. Lithiasis. Affection in which the 
eyelids are edged with small, hard, and stone-like 
concretions. L. rena'lis, formation of calculi in the 
kidney; nephrolithiasis. L. rena'lis areno'sa, 
gravel. L. vesica'lis, calculi, vesical. L. wa'ter, 
a'erated, see Lithia, carbonate of. 
Lith'iae carbo'nas. Lithia, carbonate of. L. ci'- 
tras, lithise citras. 
Lithiasis, lith-e'as-is (lithiasis). Disease character- 
ized by excessive formation of lithates; lithia. L. 
bilia'ris, biliary calculus. L. conjuncti'vse, calcare- 
ous concretions in the Meibomian secretion. L. cys'- 
tlca, calculi, vesical. L. glan'dulse lacrima'lis, lacry- 
mal calculus. L. nephrit'ica, gravel; nephrolithiasis. 
L. palpebra'lis, see Chalazion. L. prsepu'tii, forma- 
tion of preputial calculus. L. pulmo'num, formation 
of concretions in the lungs, occasioning at times litho- 
phthisis, phthisis calculosa. L., re'nal or rena'lis, 
see Calculus and Nephrolithiasis. L. rena'lis areno'sa, 
gravel. L. vesica'lis, calculi, vesical. 
Lith'iate. Urate. 
Lithic, lith'ik. Belonging to lithic or uric acid or 
to stone; also an antilithic. L. ac'id, uric acid. L. 
ac'id diath'esis, lithuria. L. cal'culi, see Calculi, 
urinary. L. diath'esis, lithuria. L. sed'iments, see 
Lithuria. 
Lithii ben'zoas (Ph. U. S.). Benzoate of lithium, 
from decomposition of lithium carbonate with ben- 
zoic acid. Antiarthritic. L. bro'midum, Lithium 
bromide. Compound possessing the peculiar virtues 
of the bromides; a valuable hypnotic, exerting a 
special influence in nervous irritability, such as the 
neuroses. Dose, gr. x three times a day. L. carbo'- 
nas, lithium carbonate. L. ci'tras, lithium citrate. 
L. sali'cylas, SLiCrHaOsjILO, salicylate of lithium; 
a mixture of eleven parts of salicylic acid and three 
parts of lithium carbonate in twenty-five parts of 
water; white odorless powder, used in rheumatism 
and gout. Dose, gr. xx-xl. 
Lithioceno'sis. See Lithocenosis. 
Lith'ion. See Lithia. 
Lithio-picrocarmine, lith' e - o - pik - ro - kar' meen. 
Stain for sections, used in microscopy. 
Lith'io-theobro'mine salicylate. Made like diu- 
retin, lithium being substituted for sodium; diuretic 
in cardiac dropsy. 
Lithium, lith'e-um. Beddish-white metal, lightest 
solid known (sp. gr. 0.594), and valued in its combi- 
nations. One of the series of metals of the alkalies, 
like sodium and potassium. See Lithia. L., ben'- 
zoate of, lithii benzoas. L. car'bonate, LhCCh, 
Lithia carbonate, Lithii carbonas (Ph. U. S.), Lithium 
carbonicum. A salt found in certain mineral waters, 
which has been serviceable in lithuria by its 
power of dissolving uric acid and the urates; 
hence it has been suggested separately in that 
morbid condition. It may be obtained by decom- 
posing chloride of lithium by means of carbonate 
of ammonium. Dose, gr. v to x. It has also been in- 
jected into the bladder in cases of deposition of 
lithuria and oxaluria. Aerated lithia-water is an ar- 
tificial preparation consisting of a solution of carbon- 
ate of lithium in water containing carbonic acid. 
L. carbon'icum, lithia, carbonate of. L., cit'rate of, 
Citrate of lithium, Lithii citras (Ph. U. S.), is made by 
the action of citric acid on carbonate of lithium. It 
has been given in gout. Dose, gr. x to gr. xx. L. 
dithiosal'icylate, compound of dithiosalicylic acid 
and lithium, employed in gout and rheumatism. L. 
sal'icylate, white soluble powder, used in rheumatism 
in daily doses of a drachm. 
Lithiuria, lith-e-u're-ah. Lithuria. 
Lithobexis, lith-o-beks'is (lithos, bex, cough). Cough 
with calculous expectoration. 
Lithocenope, lith-o-sen'o-pe (lithos, stone, kenoo, to 
evacuate). Instrument for extraction of calculus in 
lithotrity. 
Lithocenosis, lith-o-sen-o'sis (lithos, kenosis, evacua- LITHOCENOTICUS 
tion). Evacuation of fragments of calculi resulting 
from lithotrity. 
Lithocenot'icus. Pertaining to lithocenosis. 
Lithoclast, lith'o-klast (lithos, klao, to break). In- 
strument used in lithotrity; lithotrite. 
Lithoclastia (lith-o-klas'te-ah) or Lith'oclasty. 
Lithotrity. 
Lithoclysmia, lith-o-kliz'me-ah (lithos, klusma, 
clyster). Litholysis practised by injection of chem- 
ical solutions into the bladder. 
Lithocystotomy, lith-o-sis-tot'o-me (lithos, kustis, 
bladder, tome, incision). Lithotomy. 
Lithocysturia, lith-o-sist-u're-ah (lithos, kustis, blad- 
der, ouron, urine). Irritation or morbid condition of 
the bladder induced by calculi. 
Lithodectasy, lith-o-dek'ta-se (lithos, hodos, way, 
ektasis, dilatation). Lithectasy. 
Lithodes, lith-o'dees. Lithoid ; having calculous in- 
filtration. 
Lithodialysis (lith-o-de-al'is-is) or Lithol'ysis (lithos, 
dialuo, to dissolve). Dissolving of a stone in the bladder. 
Breaking up of a calculus into small pieces easy of 
extraction. 
Lithodrassic, lith-o-dras'sik (lithos, drasso, to seize). 
Lithotrity; forceps for seizing the broken calculus. 
Lithofel'lic or Lithofellin'ic. Eelating to biliary 
calculus. L. acid, acid found in intestinal concre- 
tions (C20H36O4) from the bile. 
Lithofractor, lith-o-frak'tor. Lithotrite. 
Lithogenia (lith-o-jen'e-ah) or Lithog'eny (lithos, 
gennao, to generate). Formation of calculi. 
Lithogenous, lith-oj'en-us. Causing formation of 
calculus; relating to lithogeny. 
Lith'oid or Lithoid'al (lithos, eidos, resemblance). 
Eesembling stone. 
Lithoidosis, lith-oid-o'sis. Lithaemia. 
Lithokelyphopaedion, lith-o-kel-e-fo-pe'de-on. Lith- 
opaedion with adherent foetal membranes. 
Lithokelyphos, lith-o-kel'e-fos. Lithopaedion en- 
cased by calcified foetal membranes. 
Lithokonion (lithos, konis, to break into powder). 
Instrument for breaking calculi into powder. 
Litholabon (lith-ol'ab-on) or Litholabum, lith-ol'- 
ab-um. Instrument used in extracting stone from 
the bladder; lithotomy forceps. 
Litholapaxy, lith'o-lap-aks-e (lapaxis, evacuation). 
Eemoval of calculous fragments in lithotrity by irri- 
gation. 
Litholein, lith-o'le-in. Mineral oil containing no 
fat; antiseptic. 
Lithology, lith-ol'o-je (lithos, stone, logos, treatise). 
Discourse or description of stone or calculus. 
Litholysis, lith-ol'is-is (lithos, luo, to dissolve). Lith- 
odialysis. 
Litholyte, lith'o-lite. Instrument for conveying sol- 
vents of calculi into the bladder. 
Litholytic, lith-o-lit'ik. Lithontriptic. 
Lithomala'cia (lithos, malakia, softness). Softening 
of a calculus. 
Lithometra, lith-o-me'trah (lithos, metra, uterus). 
Osseous or other concretion of the uterus. 
Lithonephritis, lith-o-nef-re'tis. Calculous neph- 
ritis ; stone in the kidney; renal calculus. 
Lithonephrotomy, lith-o-nef-rot'o-me (nephros, kid- 
ney, tome, incision). Eemoval of stone by incision 
into the kidney. 
Lithonlytic, lith-on-lit'ik (lithos, luo, to dissolve). 
Lithontriptic. 
Lithonthryptic, lith-on-thrip'tik (lithos, thrupto, to 
break up). Lithontriptic. 
Lithontriptic (lith-on-trip'tik), Lithonthryp'tlc, 
Litholyt'ic, or Lithonlyt'ic (lithos, thrupto, to break 
up). Eemedy believed capable of dissolving calculi; 
antilithic. 
Lithopaedion, lith-o-pe'de-on (lithos, pais, child). 
Foetus; petrified foetus retained in the uterus or ab- 
dominal cavity. 
Lithoph'agus (lithos, phago, to eat). A stone-eater. 
Lith'ophone (lithos, phone, sound). Instrument with 
which to determine the presence of a stone in the 
bladder by its striking against it. 
642 
' LITHOTOMY 
Lithophthisis, lith-o-te'sis. See Calculi, pulmonary, 
and Lithiasis pulmonum. 
Lithoplatomy, lith-o-plat'o-me (lithos, platus, wide). 
Operation of dilating the urethra for extraction of 
stone. 
Lithoplaxy, lith'o-plaks-e (lithos, plasso, to strike). 
Lithotrity. 
Lithop'riny or Lithoprisy, lith-op'ris-e (lithos, prio, 
to saw). Operation of sawing a calculus, the saw 
being called a lithoprion. Lithotrity. 
Lith'os (lithos). Calculus. 
Lithoscope, lith'o-skope. Instrument for detection 
and examination of calculus. 
Lithospermum, lith-o-spur'mum (lithospermon, litho, 
sperma, seed). Genus of Boragineae. Seeds are stim- 
ulant diuretic. L. offlcinal'e, Gray millet, Bastard 
alkanet, Littlewale, ord. Boragineae. Its seeds were 
formerly supposed, from their stony hardness (sper- 
ma), to be efficacious in calculous affections. They 
have also been considered diuretic. L. villo'sum, 
Anchusa tinctoria. 
Lithotecnion, lith-o-tek'ne-on (lithos, teknon, child). 
Lithopsedion. 
Lithoterethrum (lith-o-ter-e' thrum), Lithotere'tron, 
or Lithothere'thron (lithos, tero, to rub). Lithotrite. 
Lithothlibia, lith-o-thlib'e-ah (lithos, thlibo, to crush). 
Crushing of a friable calculus between a finger passed 
by the rectum or vagina as far as the bas-fond of the 
bladder and a catheter introduced into the bladder. 
Lithothrypsis, lith-o-thrip'sis (lithos, thrupto, to 
break in pieces). Lithotrity. 
Lithothryptor, lith-o-thrip'tor. See Lithotrite. 
Lithotome, lith'o-tome (lithos, tome, an incision). 
Lithotomus. This name has been given to a number 
of instruments of different shapes and sizes which 
are used in the operation for the stone, to cut the 
neck or body of the bladder. They ought with more 
propriety to be called Cystotomes. The Lithotome cache 
of Frere Come is the most known, and is still occasion- 
ally used. It is composed of a handle and a flattened 
sheath, slightly curved; in this there is a cutting 
blade which can be forced out by pressing upon a 
bascule or lever to any extent that may be wished by 
the operator. A Double lithotome was used by Du- 
puytren in his bilateral operation. See Lithotomy. 
Lithotomia, lith-o-tom'e-ah. Lithotomy. L. su'- 
pra pu'bem, the high operation of lithotomy. 
Lithotomist, lith-ot'o-mist. One who practises 
lithotomy or makes a specialty of such operations. 
Lithot'omus. Lithotome. 
Lithotomy, lith-ot'o-me. Lithocystotomy. Opera- 
tion by incision by which a stone is extracted from 
the bladder. The methods of operation are reducible 
to five principal, each of which has experienced 
numerous modifications: 
1. The Method of Celsus, Methodus Celsiana, Cysto- 
tomia cum apparatu parvo, Apparatus minor, Cutting on 
the gripe. This consisted in cutting upon the stone 
after having made it project at the perineum by 
means of the fingers introduced into the rectum. 
The method was attended with difficulty of dividing 
the parts neatly, injury to the bladder, as well as the 
occasional impossibility of drawing down the stone, 
It is sometimes called Methodus Guytoniana, from 
Guy de Chauliac having endeavored to remove from 
it the discredit into which it had fallen in his time. 
It was termed apparatus minor from the small num- 
ber of instruments required in it. 
2. Apparatus major; invented in 1520 by John de 
Romani, a surgeon of Cremona, and communicated 
by him to Mariano Santo di Barletta, whence it was 
long called Mariano's method, Sectio Mariana. It was 
called also Cystotomia or Methodus cum apparatu 
magno, from the number of instruments required 
in it. An incision was made on the median line, 
but the neck of the bladder was not comprehend- 
ed in it; it was merely dilated. The greater ap- 
paratus was liable to many inconveniences, as epchy- 
mosis, contusion, inflammation of the neck of the 
bladder, abscesses, fistulee, etc. A modification of 
this method, by Mr. George Allarton of England, has LITHOTOMY 
been called the Median or Allarton's operation. It 
consists in dividing the perineum and the membran- 
ous portion of the urethra, passing a probe down to 
the staff and into the bladder as a guide for the fin- 
ger through the prostatic portion of the urethra into 
the bladder, thus dilating the passage so as to allow 
of the introduction of the forceps. 
3. The high or suprapubic operation, hypogastric 
cystotomy, suprapubic lithotomy, laparocystotomy, 
epicystotomy, was first practised by Peter Franco in 
the sixteenth century. It consisted in pushing the 
stone above the pubis by the fingers introduced into 
the rectum. Rousset afterward proposed to make the 
bladder rise above the pubis by injecting it. The 
method had fallen into discredit when Frere Come 
revived it. It is used when the calculus is very large. 
It was practised by opening first the membranous 
part of the urethra upon the catheter passed into the 
canal. Through this incision a catheter having a 
spear-pointed stilet was introduced into the bladder. 
An incision was then made into the linea alba, above 
the symphysis pubis, of about four or five fingers' 
breadth, and the peritoneum detached to avoid wound- 
ing it. The stilet was pushed through the bladder, 
and used as a director for the knife, with which the 
bladder was divided anteriorly as far as the neck, 
and the stone extracted. 
4. The lateral operation, hypocysteotomy, lateral 
cystotomy, cystauchenotomy, cystotrachelotomy, ure- 
throcystauchenotomy, urethrocysteotrachelotomy, lat- 
eral section or apparatus, so named from the pros- 
tate gland and neck of the bladder being cut later- 
ally, was probably invented by Peter Franco. It was 
introduced into France by Frere Jacques de Beaulieu. 
In England it received its earliest and most import- 
ant improvements from the celebrated Cheselden. It 
is the method practised at the present day, according 
to different modes of procedure. In this method the 
patient is placed upon a table; his legs and thighs are 
bent and separated, the hands being tied to the feet. 
The perineum is then shaved, and a staff introduced 
into the bladder, the handle being turned toward the 
right groin of the patient. An oblique incision is 
now made from the raphe to the middle of a line 
drawn from the anus to the tuberosity of the ischium 
of the left side, and, taking the staff for a guide, the 
integuments, areolar tissue of the perineum, mem- 
branous portion of the urethra, transversus perinsei 
muscle, bulbo-cavernosus, some fibres of the levator 
ani, the prostate and neck of the bladder are succes- 
sively divided. For this latter part of the operation 
the knife, the beaked bistoury, bistouri or lithotome 
cache, cutting gorget, etc., is used according to the 
particular preference. The forceps are now intro- 
duced into the bladder, and the stone extracted. In 
the operation care must be taken not to injure the 
rectum or the great arterial vessels distributed to the 
perineum. 
. The method of Urethro-cysteo-aneurysmatotomy con- 
sists in dividing the prostate in part only, the en- 
largement of the wound being effected by a peculiar 
dilator. 
The Bilateral operation is founded on that of Celsus. 
It consists in making an incision posterior to the bulb 
of the urethra and anterior to the anus, involving 
both sides of the perineum by crossing the raphe at 
right angles; an incision is then made through the 
membranous part of the urethra, and the prostate 
may be cut bilaterally. 
Buchanan's operation. Dr. Buchanan of Glasgow 
suggested the use of a rectangular staff, the angle 
being placed about three inches from the point, the 
portion beyond the angle being deeply grooved at the 
side. When introduced, the angle of the staff is made 
to correspond to the apex of the prostate. The sur- 
geon, introducing his finger into the rectum, inserts a 
bistoury in front of the anus with the blade horizon- 
tal and its edge turning to the left, pushing it straight 
into and along the groove to the stop at its extremity. 
While slowly withdrawing the bistoury he makes a 
curved incision through the soft parts, about an inch 
643 
LITHURES1S 
and a half long, round the upper and left side of the 
rectum. 
The Quadrilateral operation, proposed by Vidal de 
Cassis, was a modification of the bilateral operation, 
to be employed when the calculus was unusually 
large, but it was quadrilateral only so far as the num- 
ber of prostatic incisions was concerned, the external 
incision being bilateral. 
5. Lithotomy by the rectum, Recto-vesical lithotomy, 
Proctocystotomy, Recto-vesical section, Rectal cystotomy, 
was proposed by Vegetius in the 16th century, but it 
was never noticed until M. Sanson, in the year 1817, 
attracted attention to it. It consists in penetrating 
the bladder through the paries corresponding with 
the rectum by first cutting the sphincter ani and rec- 
tum about the root of the penis, and penetrating the 
bladder by the neck of that organ, dividing the pros- 
tate, or by its bas-fond. 
Lithotomy in women, from the shortness of the 
urethra, is a comparatively insignificant operation. 
The majority of such calculi can be readily removed 
by urethral dilatation and extension, or by lithotrity. 
Urethral lithotomy is objectionable on account of the 
frequency of incontinence of urine as a result. Vagi- 
nal or vesico-vaginal lithotomy is sometimes demanded, 
the stone being removed by an incision into the 
bladder through the vaginal septum, which is after- 
ward closed by stitches. An operation now abandoned, 
practised by Celsus and revived by Lisfranc, was called 
the Vestibular operation, because the incision was made 
across the centre of the vestibular space. 
Lithot'omy, Al'larton's. See Lithotomy. L., bi- 
lat'eral, see Lithotomy. L., Buchan'an's, see Lit/i- 
otomy. L., Cel'sian or of Cel'sus, see Lithotomy. 
L. Civiale's, incision is made in the middle line of 
the perineum. L., Dupuytren's, a form of bilateral 
operation, with the incision made in front of the 
anus. L., hypogas'tric, suprapubic cystotomy. L., 
lat'eral, lateral cystotomy. L., marian, me'dian, 
or prerec'tal, see Lithotomy (apparatus major). L., 
perine'al, cystotomy, perineal. L., quadrilat'eral, 
see Lithotomy (lateral operation). L., rec'tal, see 
Lithotomy (by the rectum). L., rec'to-perine'al or 
rec'to-ves'ical, see Lithotomy (by the rectum). L. by 
the rec'tum, see Lithotomy. L., re'nal, nephro- 
lithotomy. L., suprapu'bic, suprapubic cystotomy ; 
see Lithotomy (the high or suprapubic operation). L., 
ure'thral, see Lithotomy (in women). L. by the va- 
gi'na or vagi'nal, see Lithotomy (in women). L., 
ves'ico-vagi'nal, see Lithotomy (in women). L., ves- 
tib'ular, see Lithotomy. 
Lithotony, lith-ot'o-ne {lithos, teino, to stretch). 
Puncture of the bladder above the pubes and forma- 
tion of a fistula through which the calculus is ex- 
tracted. 
Lithotresis, lith-o-tra'sis (lithos, tresis, perforation). 
Lithotrity ; perforating a vesical calculus. 
Lithotripsis (lith-o-trip'sis) or Lithotripsy, lith'o- 
trip-se {lithos, tribo, to rub down). Lithotrity. Di- 
minishing the size of a calculus with a lithotriptor. 
Lithotriptic, lith-o-trip'tik. Eemedies preventing 
formation of calculi. 
Lithotrip'tor. Instrument for breaking calculi 
into fragments sufficiently small to be voided through 
the urethra. 
Lithotrite. See Lithotrity. 
Lithotrit'ia. Lithotrity. 
Lithotritor, lith-ot're-tor. Lithotriptor; lithotrite. 
Lithotrity or Lithot'riture. Lithotrypsy, Litho- 
tripsy, Lithothripsy. Operation of comminution of 
calculus with a lithoclast. 
Lithotry pet as, lith-o-tre-pa'te. See Lithotrity. 
Lithotrypter'ion or Lithotrypter'ium. Small litho- 
trite. 
Lithotryptor, lith-o-trip'tor {lithos, tripter, a rubber). 
Lithotrite. 
Lithoxiduria, lith-oks-id-u're-ah {lithos, oxide, ouron, 
urine). Discharge of urine containing lithic or 
xanthic oxide. 
Lithuresis, lith-u-re'sis {lithos, ouresis, making 
water). Passing small calculi with the urine, LITHURIA 
Lithuria, lith-u're-ah (lithos, urine). Lithic or Lithic- 
acid diathesis. Condition of the system in which 
deposits of lithic acid and lithates take place in the 
urine. Litheemia. See Urine. 
Lithurorrhoe'a {lithos, ouron, urine, rheo, to flow). 
Diabetes with calculous urine. 
Lithus, lith'us. Calculus. 
Lit'mus. Lichen roccella. L. paper, see Lichen 
roccella. 
Litra, le'trah. Litre; pound. 
Litre, le'ter. Measure equivalent to 61.028 English 
cubic inches. 
Litssea cubeba, lit-se'ah cu-beb'ah. Piper cubeba. 
L. monopetal'ah, mild astringent bark of this E. 
Indian tree is used in diarrhcea and indigestion. L. 
piperi'ta, Piper cubeba. L. Zeylan'ica, Ceylonese 
species, bark of which is stimulant, emmenagogue, and 
vermifuge. 
Lit'ter. Arrangement for transportation of the 
sick or wounded. 
Little's disease. Muscular rigidity, of congenital 
type. 
Lit'tlewale. Lithospermum officinale. 
Lit'toral (litus, the sea-shore). Living on the sea- 
shore. 
Littre, glands of. See Urethra. L.'s her'nia, stran- 
gulation of the bowel by adventitious bands or en- 
teric diverticula; diverticular hernia. L.'s opera'- 
tion, colotomy in the inguinal region. 
Li'tus (linio, litum, to anoint). Liniment. 
Livedo, liv-a'do. Cutaneous blueness due to cold 
(L. calor'ica) and mechanical causes (L. mechan'ica). 
Liv'er. Largest gland in the body. An azygous, 
unsymmetrical, and very heavy organ, occupying the 
whole of the right hypochondrium and part of the 
epigastrium. Weighs about 50 ounces. Above, it cor- 
responds to the diaphragm; below, to the stomach, 
transverse colon, and right kidney; behind, to the 
vertebral column, aorta, and vena cava; and before, 
to the base of the chest. Its upper surface is convex; the 
lower, irregularly convex and concave. It possesses 
five lobes: right lobe, left lobe, lobus quadratus, lobus 
caudatus, and lobus Spigelii; five ligaments: longi- 
tudinal, lateral, right and left, coronary, and round; 
five fissures, the longitudinal, lodging in the foetus, the 
ductus venosus, and umbilical vein; in the adult called 
the round ligament; fissure of ductus venosus or back 
part of longitudinal; transverse or portal fissure, which 
receives sinus of vena porta and the hepatic artery, 
hepatic duct, hepatic nerves, and lymphatics; fissure 
for gall-bladder and fissure for vena cava. See Falx. 
The blood-vessels of the liver are very numerous. 
The hepatic artery and vena porta furnish it with 
the blood necessary for its nutrition and the secre- 
tion of bile. The hepatic veins convey away the 
blood which has served those purposes. The lym- 
phatic vessels are very numerous. The nerves are 
also numerous, and proceed from the pneumogastric, 
diaphragmatic, and the hepatic plexuses. 
The following are estimates of dimensions and 
weights of the liver and its component parts: 
Weight, 1617 g. (Blosfeld)-1981 g. (Dursy). 
Average volume, 1692 cm. (Krause). 
Length, 320 mm. 
Breadth (from obtuse to 
sharp margin), 190-210. 
Greatest thickness (nearer 
obtuse margin), 65-75. 
Incisura interlobularis, 40 deep. 
Porta hepatis, 50 long. 
Venae intralobulares, 0.027-0.07 (Krause). 
" interlobulares, 0.018-0.036. 
Lobules, 1.1-2.3 long, 0.8-1.5 broad. 
Liver cells, 0.022 long, 0.8-0.017 broad. 
Interlobular cystic ducts, 0.035-0.064 diameter. 
Ligamentum teres, 9 broad, 6 thick. 
" ductus venosi, about 3 broad, 30-40 long. 
Ductus hepaticus, 25 long (Luschka), 4.5-5.6 thick I 
" cysticus, 35 " " 2.3 wide > (Krause). 
" choledochus, 68 " (Krause), 5.6-7.5 wide J 
The intimate structure of the liver consists of a 
number of lobules-hepatic lobules-composed of in- 
644 
LIVIDITY 
tralobular or hepatic veins which convey the blood 
back that has been inservient to the secretion of bile. 
The interlobular plexus of veins is formed by branches 
of the vena porta, which contain both the blood 
of the vena porta and the hepatic artery, both of 
which are considered to furnish the pabulum for the 
biliary secretion. The biliary ducts form an inter- 
lobular plexus, having an arrangement similar to the 
interlobular veins. The general opinion is that the 
blood of the vena porta furnishes the bile, whilst the 
hepatic artery affords blood for the nutrition of the 
liver. Besides bile, the liver forms sugar and urea 
and assimilates glycogen. 
The liver is liable to a number of diseases. The 
principal are hepatitis or inflammation, cancer, atrophy, 
biliary calculi, encysted and other tumors or tubercles, 
hydatids, etc. 
The word Liver is applied to several substances 
having a brownish color analogous to that of the 
liver, and composed of sulphur and some other body. 
See Potassii sulphuretum, Liver of sulphur. L. of anti- 
mony is the semivitreous sulphuret. 
Liv'er, acces'sory. Extra or accessory part of liver 
attached to its left extremity by a fold of peritoneum. 
L., albu'minous, Amyloid, Lardaceous, Scrofulous, or 
Waxy liver; altered nutrition of the liver, in which its 
substance is transformed so as to deserve those epi- 
thets. L., am'yloid, L., albuminous. L., ap'oplexy of, 
extravasation of blood in the hepatic tissue or beneath 
its capsule; hemorrhagic infarct. L., at'rophy of, con- 
dition dependent on chronic interstitial hepatitis. L., 
at'rophy of, acute or yellow, hepatitis, diffused. L., 
ba'cony, L., albuminous. L., car'diac, chronic con- 
gestion of the liver, accompanied with pulsation, asso- 
ciated with disease of the right side of the heart. L., 
cirrho'sis of, L., atrophy of (nutmeg liver); see L., 
nutmeg. L., col'loid, L., amyloid. L. disease, any 
morbid condition of the liver. L., drunk'ard's, L., 
cirrhotic, from abuse of alcohol; L., nutmeg; condi- 
tion in which there are fatty deposits and degenera- 
tion of the liver-cells. L., fat'ty, adiposis hepatica. 
L., fat'ty degeneration of, adiposis hepatica. L., 
float'ing, unnaturally movable liver, due to a relaxed 
condition of the hepatic ligaments. L., gin or gin- 
drink'er's, L., nutmeg. L., gran'ulated or gran'ular, 
cirrhosis of the liver. L., hob'nail, cirrhosis of the 
liver. L., hypertrophy of, L., larda'ceous, L., albu- 
minous. L., left, spleen. L., mam'millated, cirrhosis 
of the liver. L., mov'able, L., floating. L., nut'meg, 
appearance of the liver when cut across, resembling 
that of the section of a nutmeg; supposed by some to 
be the result of intemperance in the use of alcoholic 
drinks, but occurring under other causes. The terms 
Whiskey liver, Gin-drinker's liver, occasionally applied to 
it, are consequently not distinctive. Pigment liver, as it 
sometimes appears in those who die from the effects of 
malarious fevers, is of a steel-gray or blackish or, not 
unfrequently, chocolate color-a condition produced 
by an accumulation of pigment matter in the vascular 
apparatus of the gland. L., pig'ment, see Liver, nut- 
meg. L., scrof'ulous, L., albuminous. L., si'lex, form 
of hard and elastic syphilitic liver in the child. L., 
soft'ening of, acute, hepatitis, diffused. L. spot, 
chloasma. L. starch, glycogenic matter. L. su'gar, 
see Saccharum. L., tuber'culated, cirrhosis of the 
liver. L., tu'beriform, L., nutmeg. L., wan'der- 
ing, L., floating. L., wast'ing of, acute, hepatitis, 
diffused. L., wax'y, L., albuminous. L., whis'key, 
L., nutmeg; interstitial hepatitis. 
Liv'ergrown. Having a large liver. 
Liv'erweed. Hepatica triloba. 
Liv'erwort. Hepatica triloba, Marchantia poly- 
morpha. L., ground, ash-colored, Lichen caninus. 
L., Iceland, Lichen Islandicus. L., noble, Hepatica 
triloba. 
Llv'id. Discoloration dependent upon passive or 
active hypersemia. 
Livid'ity. State of being livid. Cadaveric lividity 
occurs in blueness of the surface a few hours after 
death, from subsidence and accumulation of the blood 
in dependent portions of the body. LIVIDUS MUSCULUS 
Lividus musculus, liv'id-us mus'ku-lus. Pectinalis. 
Liv'or. Blue or livid spot; suggillation. L. emor- 
tua'lis or mor'tis, discoloration on the surface of a 
corpse preceding the approach of decomposition; see 
Suggillation. L. sanguin'eus, see Ecchymoma. 
Lix. Lye obtained from wood-ashes. 
Lixivii (liks-iv'e-e) (lix, ashes) ace'tas. Potassii 
acetas. L. tartariza'ta, potassii tartras. L. vitri- 
ola'ta, potassii sulphas. L. vitriola'ta sulphu'rea, 
potassii sulphas cum sulphure. 
Lixivial, liks-iv'e-al. Term for salts obtained by 
washing vegetable ashes, as the fixed alkalies. 
Lixiviation, liks-iv-e-a'shun. The operation of 
washing wood-ashes with water to dissolve the soluble 
parts. The filtered liquor is the lye. Percolation. 
Lixivium, liks-iv'e-um. Product of lixiviation; 
lye; any solution containing potassa or soda. In 
domestic practice a lye is made from wood-ashes 
and mixed with the ordinary basis of a poul- 
tice, to form a lye cataplasm or poultice, which 
is applied to whitlow and similar local inflam- 
mations. L. ace'ticum, potassii acetas. L. ammo- 
niaca'le, liquor ammonite. L. ammoniaca'le anisa'- 
tum, liquor ammonii anisatus. L. ammoniaca'le 
aromat'icum, spiritus ammonias aromaticus. L. am- 
moniaca'le caus'ticum, liquor ammoniae. L. caus'- 
ticum, liquor potassae. L. ka'li-vegetab'ilis, watery 
solution of potassium carbonate. L. magistra'le, 
liquor potassae. L. sapona'rium, liquor potassae; 
caustic lye. L. tar'tari, liquor potassae subcarbonatis. 
L. vitriola'tum, potassium sulphate. 
Lixivus cinis, liks-e'vus sin'is. Lye ash. Potash of 
commerce. 
Load'ed. Coated or furred, as the tongue. Also 
applied to the bowels when full of undigested food 
or accumulated faeces. 
Load'stone. Magnet. 
Loathing, lo'thing. Disgust. 
Lo'bar. Relating to a lobe or lobes. 
Lobaria Islandica, lo-bar'e-ah is-land'e-kah. Lichen 
islandicus. L. pulmona'ria, Lichen pulmonarius. L. 
saxat'ilis, Lichen saxatilis. 
Lo'bate. Possessing lobes. 
Lobated, lo'ba-ted. Divided into lobes. 
Lobe. Round, projecting part of an organ, as of 
the liver, lung, or brain. L., amyg'daloid, amygda- 
loid tubercle of the brain. L., an'nular, operculum. 
L., anon'ymous, lobus quadratus of the liver. L., 
ante'rior, frontal lobe of the brain; lobus quadratus. 
L., biven'tral, wedge-shaped lobe of the cerebellum, 
situate behind the amygdala. L., cau'date, lobus 
caudatus. L., cen'tral, superior vermiform process 
of cerebellum. L. of cerebel'lum, lobus cerebelli. L. 
of cer'ebrum, these include the anterior, posterior, 
and middle lobes of the brain, and the hemispheres. 
L. of cor'pus callo'sum, gyrus fornicatus. L., cu'- 
neiform, L., biventral; cuneus. L., digas'tric, L., 
biventral. L., duode'nal, lobus Spigelii; L. caudatus. 
L. of the ear, soft, rounded prominence terminating 
the circumference of the pavilion inferiorly, and 
pierced in those who wear earrings. L., fal'ciform, 
lobe of the cerebrum, including fornix, dentate convo- 
lution, etc. L., fron'tal, portion of hemisphere of 
cerebrum in front of central and Sylvian fissures. L., 
fu'siform, gyrus, subcollateral. L., hepat'ic, L. of 
the liver. L., hidden, insula of Reil. L., infe'rior, 
L., biventral. L., interme'diate, insula. L. of the 
kid'ney, pyramids of Malpighi. L., lim'bic, lobe 
formed by the gyrus fornicatus and anterior part of 
gyrus uncinatus. L., lin'gual, subcalcarine gyrus. 
L. of the liver, see Liver. L. of the lung, divisions 
of the lung containing minute terminal branches of 
bronchial tubes and pulmonary blood-vessels. L., 
me'dian, upper and lateral portion of cerebral hemi- 
sphere ; vermiform process of cerebellum. L. of 
medul'la oblonga'ta, amygdalae; L. of pneumogastric 
nerve, flocculus. L., occip'ital, lobe continuous with 
the parietal and temporal lobes. L., olfac'tory, gray 
matter in each hemisphere of the cerebrum termi- 
nating in the olfactory bulb. L., op'tic, corpora 
quadrigemina. L., or'bital, portion of cerebrum 
645 
LOBULI 
above the orbit. L., pancreat'ic, lobus caudatus; 
lobe, median. L., pneumogas'trie, flocculus. L., 
quad'rate, large lobe on superior part of the cerebel- 
lum, divided into anterior and posterior crescentic 
lobes; lobus quadratus of liver. L., Spige'lian, lobus 
Spigelii. L., spi'nal, flocculus. L., square, L., 
quadrate. L., subpedunc'ular, flocculus. L., supe'- 
rior, L., temporo-sphenoidal; L., quadrate, of cere- 
bellum. L., tem'poro-sphenoid'al, part of cerebrum 
having posterior part of fissure of Sylvius in front 
and above it, and the occipital lobe behind it. 
Lobelac'rin. Acrid material from lobelia. 
Lobelia, lo-be'le-ah. L. inflata. L., blue, L. syphi- 
litica. L. cardina'lis, Cardinal plant, Cardinal flower, 
Scarlet lobelia, ord. Lobeliacese. Indigenous. Has beau- 
tiful carmine flowers; antisyphilitic and anthelmintic. 
L. coccin'ea, L. cardinalis. L. Delissia'na, Mexican 
species, used in nervous and pulmonary diseases. L. 
infla'ta, Indian or Wild tobacco, Puke weed, Asthma weed, 
Eyebright, Emetic weed. Lobelia (Ph. U. S. and Br.) is 
the leaves and tops of Lobelia inflata. It is emetic, 
and in smaller doses sedative, and a pectoral in croup, 
asthma, etc.; sudorific, cathartic, and an acro-narcotic 
poison. Twenty grains act as an emetic. The active 
principle is lobelin, and an acrid extractive known as 
lobelacrin has been separated. Lobeline is a yellowish 
syrupy liquid ; its sulphate is a yellowish-white pow- 
der, and used, internally or subcutaneously, in dys- 
pnoea and asthma. L., pale-spiked, L. spicata. L. pini- 
fo'lia, S. African plant; root is excitant and diaphoretic, 
and sometimes used in Cape Colony as a domestic rem- 
edy in cutaneous affections, chronic rheumatism, and 
gout. L., scar'let, L. cardinalis. L. spica'ta, Pale- 
spiked lobelia; indigenous; is diuretic. L. syphilit'- 
ica, Blue lobelia, Blue cardinal flower. Root is an emetic 
and a drastic cathartic. Has been used in syphilis. 
Lobelianin, lo-be-le-an'in. Volatile principle ob- 
tained from lobelia. 
Lobe'lic acid. Yellow acid from Lobelia inflata. 
Lobelin (lo-be'lin) or Lobeline, lo-be'leen. See 
Lobelia. 
Lobes, cer'ebral. See Lobe. L. of the liv'er, see 
Lobule. L., op'tic, quadrigemina tubercula. 
Lobi, lo'be (lobus). See Lobus. L. he'patis, lobes 
of the liver. L. medulla'res, see Papillee of the kid- 
ney. L. pulmo'num, see. Lung. 
Loblolly, lob-lol'le. See Avena. L. boy (water- 
gruel boy), attendant and aid to a ship's surgeon. 
Lobopneumo'nia. Lobar pneumonia. 
Lobular, lob'u-lar. Relating to a lobule or lobules, 
as lobular pneumonia, pneumonia anatomically cha- 
racterized by nuclei of red or gray hepatization dis- 
seminated in variable numbers in one or both lungs. 
L. bil'iary plex'us, plexus of lobular hepatic ducts 
derived chiefly from the interlobular; this plexus 
forms the principal part of the substance of the lobule. 
L. ve'nous plex'us, the plexus between the inter- 
lobular portal veins and intralobular hepatic vein. 
Lobula'ria marit'ima. Small shrub of S. Europe; 
seeds are used in urinary diseases, scurvy, etc. 
Lob'ulate or Lob'ulated. In small lobes. 
Lobula'tion. Condition of being arranged in lob- 
ules. L. of the kid'ney, division of the kidney into 
lobules, as in the foetus. 
Lob'ule (dim. of Lobus). Small lobe; convolution, 
as of the brain; acinus. L. of cor'pus stria'tum, 
insula cerebri. L., cu'neate, cuneus. L. of the ear, 
lobe of the ear. L. of the fis'sure of Syl'vius, in- 
sula cerebri. L., fron'tal, lobe, frontal. L., fu'si- 
form, subcollateral gyrus. L., hepat'ic, see Liver. 
L. of hippocam'pus, uncinate gyrus. L. of kid'ney, 
pyramid of Malpighi. L., lin'gual, subcalcarine gy- 
rus. L. of the liv'er, see Liver. L. of the lung, see 
Lung. L., occip'ital, cuneus. L., or'bital, corpora 
quadrigemina. L., o'val, paracentral gyrus. L., pari'- 
eto-occip'ital, cuneus. L., pneumogas'tric, flocculus. 
L., pul'monary, L. of lung. L., spermat'ic, lobules 
of the testes. L., sphenoid'al or tem'poral, temporo- 
sphenoidal lobe. L.,trian'gular, cuneus. 
Lobuli, lob'u-le. See Lobe, Lobule, Lobulus, Lobus. 
L. pulmona'les, see Lung. L. tes'tis, see Testicle. LOBULIZATION 
Lobuliza'tion. Lobulation. 
Lob'ulous. Lobular. 
Lobulus, lob'u-lus. Lobule. L. accesso'rius an- 
te'rior quadra'tus, L. anonymus. L. anon'ymus, 
lobule in the liver between the passage for the round 
ligament and the gall-bladder, and less prominent 
but broader than the lobulus caudatus. From the 
lobulus anonymus a bridge runs across the passage 
for the round ligament called pons or isthmus he- 
patis. L. auric'ulae, lobe of the ear. L. cauda'tus 
(cauda, tail), root or an angle of the lobulus Spigelii, 
advancing toward the middle of lower side of great 
lobe, and representing a kind of tail. Also termina- 
tion of the helix and anthelix of the ear, which is 
separated from the concha by an extensive fissure. 
L. centra'lis, small lobule or prominence of the su- 
perior vermiform process of cerebellum, situated in 
the incisura anterior. L. cerebel'li, biventral lobe. 
L. c. central 'is, superior vermiform process; see 
also Flocculus and Cuneus. L. cer'ebri, see Cuneus, 
Subcollateral gyrus, Subcalcarine gyrus, Paracentral lob- 
ule, Praecuneus, etc. L. cor'poris striat'l, insula. 
L. cuneat'us, cuneus. L. fornicat'us, gyrus forni- 
catus. L. fusifor'mis, subcollateral gyrus. L. infe'- 
rior, see Prostate. L. lingual'is, subcalcarine gyrus. 
L. marginal'is, marginal gyrus. L. me'dius, see 
Prostate. L. na'si, see Nasus. L. patholog'icus, see 
Prostate. L. pneumogas'tricus, flocculus. L. pos- 
te'rior, L. Spigelii. L. posti'cus papilla'tus, L. Spi- 
gelii. L. quadra'tus, L. anonymus; quadrate lobe of 
cerebellum; praecuneus. L. re'num, Ferrein, pyra- 
mid of. L. or Lo'bus Spige'lii, situate near the spine, 
upon the left side of the great lobe of the liver, and 
of a pyramidal shape, projecting, like a nipple, be- 
tween the cardia and vena cava at the small curva- 
ture of the stomach. L. va'gi, flocculus. 
Lo'bus. Lobe. See Lobulus. L. anon'ymus, lob- 
ulus anonymus. L. cauda'tus, lobus caudatus. L. 
central'is, insula. L. fornicat'us, gyrus fornicatus. 
L. fronta'lis, lim'bicus, lingual'is, quadrat'us, etc., 
see Lobus frontalis, Limbicus, etc. L. quadrangular'is, 
see Cerebellum. L. semilunar'is, see Cerebellum. L. 
supe'rior, see Cerebellum. 
Lo'cal (locus, a place). Topical; belonging to a 
place. Affections are called local-Mor&i locales- 
when confined to a part without implicating the gen- 
eral system. A local application is one used externally. 
Localization, lo-kal-i-za'shun. Designation of a 
particular part as the centre of certain physiological 
functions, or of pathological interest as the location 
of morbid processes. Concentration of such actions 
in a specified locality. L., cer'ebral, general disease 
exhibiting itself in brain symptoms; usually, how- 
ever, applied to localization of cerebral disease, re- 
cent investigations having shown that certain parts 
of the brain have special physiological functions and 
are the centres of definite morbid processes, as in the 
following table (after Doubleday and Nagel): 
646 
LOCALIZATION 
Locality. 
Cerebral Localization, Lesions, and 
Functions. 
The middle third of the central convo- 
lutions contains the centres for the 
movements of the arm of the opposite 
side. The upper part of the lower 
third of the central convolutions con- 
tains the centre for the muscles of 
one-half of the face, and the lower 
part contains the centre of the mus- 
cles of the lips and tongue. 
These do not contain any motor-centres 
in their upper two-thirds The low- 
est frontal convolution on the left side 
contains the centre of speech. 
Upper third of the 
central convo- 
lutions. 
Frontal 
convolutions. 
Parietal 
convolutions. 
Have no motor-centres, but are said to 
contain the centres of the cutaneous 
and muscular sensations. 
These (especially the cuneus) contain 
the cortical centre for visual sensa- 
tions, a lesion here producing hemi- 
opia (only one-half of the field of vision 
being perceived), and occasionally a 
loss of visual memory. 
Occipital 
convolutions. 
Temporal 
convolutions. 
These (especially the uppermost) contain 
the centre of hearing of the opposite 
side. The anterior part of the lobe 
contains the centre of smell. 
Contains the fibres of the various cor- 
tical centres ; consequently injury 
may cause analogous symptoms, as an 
injury of the cortical portions : hemi- 
anopia, word-deafness, aphasia, and 
monoplegia. 
Centrum ovale. 
These (caudate nucleus, lenticular nu- 
cleus, and thalamus opticus), when in- 
jured, produce temporary hemiplegia 
or hemianfesthesia. The posterior 
portion of the thalamus also contains 
the centre for part of the optic nerve. 
Central ganglia, 
Contains in its posterior limb the pyra- 
midal tract, and injury produces com- 
plete hemiplegia on the opposite side 
of the body. The posterior extremity 
of the internal capsule contains the 
sensory tract, and injury produces 
hemianaesthesia, and sometimes loss 
of the special senses. 
Internal capsule. 
Corpora 
quadrigemina, 
Crura cerebri. 
The anterior pair contain the fibres of 
the optic nerve, and injury to both 
causes total blindness. These contain 
the pyramidal tracts, sensory fibres, 
and nucleus of the third nerve. 
Pons Varolii. 
Contains the motor-fibres of the oppo- 
site side of the face, arm, and leg, and 
the nuclei of the fifth, the sixth, and 
the third nerve of the same side. 
Contains the cardiac and respiratory- 
centres, the nuclei of the hypoglossal, 
spinal accessory, and glosso-pharyn- 
geal nerves, and the motor fibres for 
the opposite side of the body. 
Medulla 
oblongata. 
Cerebellum. 
Affection of the cerebellum produces 
uncertainty of gait (ataxia) and a 
marked vertigo. 
Crura ad pontem. - 
Affection of the crura ad pontem pro- 
duces forced positions and forced 
movements. 
(For localization in the spinal cord, see Spinal.) 
A guide to the position of a lesion, so far as it is indicated by the electrical reactions, is offered in the fol- 
lowing table (Steavenson and Jones): 
Localization of Lesions from the Electrical Reactions. 
1. Healthy (shamming). 
2. Functional disturbance of 
3. Organic. 
Cortex. 
Corpus striatum. 
Peduncles. 
Pons. 
Lateral columns. 
Peripheral nerves (very slight disease) 
Muscles. 
A. Normal. 
Augmented irri- 
tability. 
Irritative process in - 
Brain. 
Lateral column. 
Quantitative 
alterations. 
Hyper-excitability in 
Alterations in nerve-muscle of spinal origin. 
Alterations in nerve-muscle of idiopathic origin. 
Alterations in nerve-muscle of post-regenerative origin. 
Cornua. 
Nerve-muscle. 
B. Abnormal, 
Diminished irri- 
tability. 
Destruction of anterior horn. 
Disease of multipolar cells. 
" trophic centres of nerve-muscle. 
Severe lesion of nerve-trunk. 
Quantitative 
and 
Qualitative. 
Complete reac- 
tion of 
degeneration. 
Partial reaction 
of 
degeneration. 
Slight disease of multipolar cells. 
Disease of trophic centres of muscle. 
Slight disease of nerve-trunk. LOCH 
Loch. Looch. 
Loch'ades. Sclerotica. 
Lochadi'tis. Sclerotitis. 
Lochia, lok-e'ah (Vulg. lok'e-ah) (lochos, a woman in 
childbed). The cleansings. Serosanguineousdischarge 
following delivery. During the first two or three days 
it is bloody, but afterward becomes green-colored, and 
exhales a disagreeable and peculiar odor. The lochia, 
in different stages, have received the names Lochia 
cruenta, L. serosa, and L. alba or mucosa or lactea. The 
duration, quantity, and character of the discharge 
vary according to numerous circumstances. It flows 
from the part of the uterus which formed a medium 
of communication between the mother and foetus, and 
continues usually from fourteen to twenty-one days. 
See Parturition. 
Lochial, lo'ke-al. Pertaining to the lochia. 
Lochioccelii'tis (locheia, childbirth, koilia, abdo- 
men). Puerperal fever. 
Lochiodochium, lok-e-o-do-ke'um. Lying-in hos- 
pital. 
Lochiometra, lok-e-om-et'rah (locheia, metra, the 
uterus). Retained lochia, due to obstruction. 
Lochion, lok'e-on. Childbed. 
Lochiop'yra (locheia, childbirth, pur, fever). Puer- 
peral fever. 
Lochiorrhag'ia (lochia, rhegnumi, to break forth). 
Excessive lochial discharge. 
Lochiorrhoe'a (lochia, rheo, to flow). Immoderate 
discharge of the lochia. 
Lochio'rum reten'tio. Retention or suppression 
of the lochia; ischolochia. 
Lochioschesis, lok-e-os'kes-is (lochia, schesis, reten- 
tion). Retention or suppression of the lochia. 
Lochium, lok'e-um. Childbed. 
Loch'o or Loch'och. Looch. 
Lochocacocolpia, lok-o-kak-o-kol'pe-ah (lochos, 
childbirth, kakos, bad, kolpos, vulva). Putrescent 
puerperal kolpitis. Gangrene or ulceration of the 
vulva in the puerperal state. 
Lochodochi'um (lochos, dechomai, to receive). Lying- 
in hospital. 
Lochometri'tis (lochos, metra, uterus). Puerperal 
metritis. 
Lochometrophlebi'tis (lochos, metra, uterus, phle- 
bitis). Uterine phlebitis of the puerperal state. 
Lochopyra, lok-op'ir-ah (lochos, pur, fire). Puer- 
peral fever. 
Lochos. Puerpera; a pregnant woman; childbirth. 
Lochotyphus, lok-o-ti'fus (lochos, tuphos, stupor). 
Puerperal typhus fever, a contagious disease. 
Lo'ci (pl. of Locus, place). Places. L. mulie'bres, 
uterus, vulva. 
Lock fin'ger. Flexed, immovable position of the 
fingers from morbid growth in the metacarpo-pha- 
langeal joint. L. hos'pital, hospital in England for 
gratuitous treatment of venereal diseases. L. or 
locked jaw, trismus. 
Lock'ing. Act of fastening tightly together, as by 
a lock, as of the heads of twin children at birth, im- 
peding labor. Term applied also to the coxofemoral 
articulation. 
Loco (lo'ko) or Lo'co disease'. Name of disease of 
cattle in Kansas, attributed to a poisonous plant. L. 
plant or L. weed, name applied to varieties of As- 
tragalus mollissimus. 
Locoed, lo'kode. Affected with loco disease. 
Locomobile, lo-ko-mo'b'l. Capable of locomotion. 
Locomobil'ity or Locomotil'ity. See Locomotion. 
Locomotion, lo-ko-mo'shun (locus, place, moveo, 
motum, to move). An action, peculiar to animal 
bodies, by which they transport themselves from 
place to place. It, as well as musculation, has also 
been used for the function of animal movements. 
The faculty is sometimes called Locomotivity and Loco- 
mobility or Locomotility. L. of an ar'tery is the move- 
ment produced in vessels having a curvature by the 
impulse of the blood sent from the heart, which tends 
to straighten the artery and causes the movement in 
question. 
Locomotive, lo-ko-mo'tiv (same etymon). Relating 
647 
LOGOMANIA 
to locomotion, as the locomotive or locomotory appa- 
ratus. 
Locomotivity, lo-ko-mo-tiv'it-e. See Locomotion. 
Locomo'tor or Locomo'tory. Locomotive. L. 
atax'ia, ataxy, locomotor. 
Locoophoritis, lo-ko-of-o-re'tis (lochos, oophoron, 
ovary). Puerperal oophoritis or puerperal oaritis. 
Locoperitonitis, lo-ko-per-e-to-ne'tis. Peritonitis. 
Loculamenta coli, lok-u-lam-en'tah ko'le (locus, 
compartment, cell). See Colon. 
Locular, lok'u-lar (loculus, dim. of Locus, place). 
Divided into small spaces or compartments; unilocu- 
lar, bilocular, multilocular, according as there are 
one, two, or many such spaces. 
Loculus, lok'u-lus. Compartment; small space; 
areola. 
Locus, lo'kus. Indefinite anatomical term meaning 
a place or spot. L. caeru'leus, a small eminence of 
dark-gray substance, opposite the crus cerebelli, which 
presents a bluish tint through the thin stratum cover- 
ing it. A thin streak of the same color, continued 
up from this on either side of the fasciculi teretes, is 
called the teenia violacea. L. cine'reus, substantia 
ferruginea. L. lu'teus, the entire space covered by 
the mucous membrane connected with the sense of 
smell, of a yellow color in man. The term regio ol- 
factoria designates only that region of the nasal mu- 
cous membrane where the nerves of smell split up 
and terminate. L. ni'ger, see Peduncles of the brain. 
L. perfora'tus anti'cus or ante'rior, a triangular flat 
surface of the brain, corresponding to the posterior 
extremity of each olfactory process in front of the 
optic tract, and near the entrance of the fissure of 
Sylvius, Substantia or Lamina perforata anterior. L. 
perfora'tus posti'cus, see Tarini pons. L. ru'ber, 
red nucleus. 
Locust (lo'kust), black. Robinia pseudo-acacia. 
L. plant, Cassia Marilandica. L. tree, Robinia 
pseudo-acacia. L., yel'low, Cladrastis tinctoria. 
Lo'cust-eat'ers. Acridophagi. 
Lodged, loj'd. Wedged. 
Lodoicea, lo-do-is-e'ah. See Coco of the Maldives. 
Loeb'isch's for'mula. See Christison. 
Loe'me or Loemia, le'me-ah (loimos). Plague. 
Lcemicum, le'me-kum (loimikos, loimos, plague). 
Pertaining to the plague. See Loemology. 
Loemocholosis, le-mo-kol-o'sis (loemos, chole, bile). 
Fever, yellow. 
Lcemocomium, le-mo-ko-me'um (Za?»ie, komeo, to 
take care of). A hospital for those affected with 
plague. 
L Demography, le-mog'ra-fe. Loimography. 
Lce'moid. Relating to contagious diseases, the 
plague, etc. 
Lcemologium, le-mo-loj'e-um. See Loemology. 
Loemol'ogy (loemos, logos, description). Doctrine of 
plague and pestilential diseases. Treatise on the same 
-Loemicum, Loemologicum. 
Loemophthalmia, le-mof-thal'me-ah. See OpMAal- 
mia. 
Loemopyra, le-mop'ir-ah (loemos, pur, fire, fever). 
Fever of contagious character; plague. 
Loe'mos (loimos). Plague. 
Loem-poc. Name applied to beri-beri in Java. 
Loff'ler's solution. Methyl-blue stain used in mi- 
croscopy. 
Logadectomy, log-ad-ek'to-me (logades, ektome, ex- 
cision). Excision of a part of the conjunctiva. 
Logades, log'ad-ees (logas, white of the eye). Scle- 
rotic. 
Logaditis, log-ad-e'tis. Sclerotitis. 
Log'ado-blennorrhoe'a. Purulent conjunctivitis. 
Log'anin. Glucoside (C25H34O14) from seeds of 
strychnos. 
Logiatros, lo-ge-at'ros (logos, iatros. physician). In 
the bad sense, a physician without experience; a mere 
theorist. In the good sense, a rational physician ; one 
who treats disease according to theoretical and scien- 
tific principles. 
Logoman'ia or Logomonoman'ia. Monomania, 
chief symptom of which is talkativeness. LOGONEUROSES 
Logoneuroses, lo-go-nu-ro'sees (logos, neuron, nerve). 
Diseases of the mental activity. 
Logopathy, lo-gop'a-the (logos, word, pathos, disease). 
Disordered speech dependent upon cerebral disease ; 
dyslogia. 
Logoplegia, lo-go-ple'je-ah (logos, plege, stroke). 
Form of aphasia in which the hearing of words fails 
to convey their meaning. 
Logorrhoea, lo-gor-rhe'ah (logos, rheo, to flow). Mor- 
bid rapidity of speech. 
Log'os. Reason. 
Log'wood. Haematoxylon Campechianum. 
Lo'hoch. Looch. 
Loimia, loi'me-ah. Plague and other epidemic 
diseases. 
Loimic, loi'mik (loimos, plague). Pertaining to 
plague. 
Loimocholosis, loi-mo-kol-o'sis (loimos, chole, bile). 
Fever, yellow. 
Loimography, loi-mog'ra-fe (loemo, grapho, to de- 
scribe). Description of the plague and pestilential 
diseases. 
Loimology, loi-mol'o-je (loimos, logos, a discourse). 
Treatise on contagious epidemic diseases. 
Loim'os. Plague. 
Loins. Lumbi. 
Loiseleuria procumbens, loi-se-lu're-ah pro-kum'- 
bens. Azalea procumbens ; indigenous; ord. Ericaceae. 
Astringent. 
Loliaceum radice repente, lo-le-as'e-um rad-e'se 
re-pen'te (after Lolium). Triticum repens. 
Loliine, lo'le-een. See Lolium temulentum. 
Lolium annuum, lo'le-um an'nu-um. L. temu- 
lentum. L. peren'ne, ray darnel; red darnel; used 
in diarrhoea, amenorrhoea, etc. L. temulen'tum, 
Cockgrass, Jum, Darnel; poisonous in large doses. 
Species of the genus Lolium. Loliine, a volatile alka- 
loid derived from it, slows the action of the heart and 
reduces bodily temperature. 
Lomi-lomi. Term given to form of massage in 
Sandwich Islands. 
Lonchades, lon'kad-ees (for Logades). See Sclerotic. 
Lonchaditis, lon-kad-e'tis (for Logaditis). Scle- 
rotitis. 
Lonchitis, lon-ke'tis (lonche, the head of a lance). 
Polypodium filix mas. 
Lon'don paste. Paste composed of equal propor- 
tions of caustic soda and lime. 
Long. Greater in length than breadth, as the long 
bones. Also applied to several muscles to distinguish 
them from others of similar function which are 
shorter. We say, for instance, long flexors and long 
extensors, in opposition to short flexors and short ex- 
tensors. 
Longsevus, lon-je'vus (longus, long, sevum, age). 
Long-lived; macrobiotic. 
Longanon (lon'gan-on), Lon'ganum, Lon'gaon, or 
Lon'gas. Rectum. 
Longevity, lon-jev'it-e (longus, long, sevum, age). 
Prolongation of existence to an advanced age; also 
duration of life. The mean age at death of different 
classes and professions enables an estimate to be 
formed of the expectation or value of life in each. 
Longheaded, long'hed-ed. Macrocephalic. 
Longiductor, lon-je-duk'tor. Adductor longus. 
Long'ings. Peculiar and whimsical desires of 
pregnant women or of those having suppressed uter- 
ine discharges. 
Longiperoneus, lon-je-per-o-ne'us. Peroneus lon- 
gus. 
Longisection, lon-je-sek'shun. Longitudinal sec- 
tion. 
Longissimus, lon-jis'sim-us (superlative of Longus). 
Term applied to parts which are very long in their 
relation to others. L. cap'itis, complexus minor. 
L. cervi'cis, transversalis colli; trachelo-mastoid. 
L. dor'si, muscle situate vertically at the posterior 
part of the trunk, filling in a great measure the ver- 
tebral furrows. It is attached to the posterior surface 
of the sacrum, to the transverse processes of all the 
lumbar and dorsal vertebrae, and inferior margin of 
648 
5 LORDOSIS 
the last seven or eight ribs, and maintains the verte- 
bral column in a straight position, straightens it 
when bent forward, and can even carry it back. It 
also assists in the rotatory motion of the trunk. L. 
fem'oris, sartorius. L. oc'uli, obliquus superior oculi. 
Longitu'dinal. Lengthwise. L. si'nus, subcranial 
sinus or canal from crista galli to tentorium. 
Longsightedness, long-si'ted-nes. Presbytia; pres- 
byopia. See Hypermetropia and Hyperopia. 
Lon'gus. Long. L. atlan'tis, see Longus colli. L. 
cap'itis, rectus capitis anticus major. L. col'll 
(long muscle of the neck), situate at the anterior and 
superior part of the vertebral column ; is attached to 
the anterior surface of the bodies of the first three 
dorsal and last six cervical vertebrae, to the inter- 
vertebral ligaments, the anterior edge of the trans- 
verse processes of the last five cervical vertebrae, and 
the tubercle on the anterior arch of the first; it bends 
the cervical vertebrae upon each other and upon the 
dorsal vertebrae. If the upper portion acts on one 
side only, it occasions the rotation of the atlas on the 
vertebra dentata, and consequently of the head on 
the neck. The upper and outer portion is called 
Longus atlantis, and the same name is given to the 
upper oblique portion, Obliquus colli superior of 
Luschka. 
Lonicera brachypoda, lo-nis'er-ah brak-ip'o-dah. 
Ord. Caprifoliaceae, Japanese plant. Infusion or de- 
coction of the leaves is possessed of diuretic proper- 
ties. L. caprifo'lium, caprifole; white Italian honey- 
suckle. Laxative, diuretic, tonic, etc. L. Diervil'la, 
Diervilla trifida. L. Etrus'ca, fruit of species from 
S. Europe ; emetic and cathartic. L. German'ica, L. 
periclymenum. L. Mariland'ica, Spigelia Mariland- 
ica. L. pericly'menum, Common woodbine, Honey- 
suckle ; slightly astringent and tonic, and formerly 
much used in gargles. L. sempervi'rens, Scarlet or 
Trumpet honeysuckle; indigenous. Syrup of the leaves 
has been given in asthma and in tonsillitis. 
Looch, lo'ok (of Arabic extraction). Linctus. See 
Eclegma and Eclectos. The Paris Pharmacopoeia has 
had several preparations of this kind, which were 
pleasant methods of administering demulcent, pec- 
toral, and other remedies. 
Loodiana (loo-de-an'ah) disease. Term applied to 
anthrax in India. 
Lo'ok. Looch. 
Loop. Anse. L., Hen'le's, narrow loop formed in 
the kidney, at the contiguous borders of the medul- 
lary and cortical portions, by the peculiar turning or 
looping of a urinary tubule. L., obstet'rical, fillet. 
L. stitch, see Suture. 
Loose. Lax. See Looseness. 
Looseness of the bow'els. Diarrhoea. 
Loose'strife. Lythrum salicaria. L., creep'ing, 
Lysimachia nummularia. L., four'leaved, Lysima- 
chia quadrifolia. 
Lopez radix, lo'pez rad'iks. Root of an Indian 
tree, extolled in cases of colliquative diarrhoea. 
Lophadia (lof-ad'e-ah) or Lophia, lof'e-ah. Back 
of the neck; upper part of the neck. The first ver- 
tebra of the back. 
Lophocomus, lo-fo-ko'mus. Tufted or woolly state 
of the hair or scalp. 
Lophos, lo'fos. Ridge or crest. 
Lopima, lo'pe-mah. Fagus castanea. 
Loquacity, lo-kwas'it-e (loquor, to speak). Act of 
speaking with volubility; sometimes a symptom of 
disease, and observable in hysteria, etc. 
Loquelah, lo-kwe'lah (Zogwor, to speak). Voice, ar- 
ticulated. L. abol'ita, aphonia. L. blse'sa, stam- 
mering ; balbuties. L. impedi'ta, speaking with dif- 
ficulty or confusion. 
Lordo'ma. Lordosis. 
Lordosis, lor-do'sis (ZorcZos, curved, bent). Name 
given to curvature of the bones in general; particu- 
larly to that of the vertebral column forward, giving 
rise to the projection of the sternum called chicken- 
breasted or pigeon-breasted; lordosis has been called 
Myopathic or Osteopathic according as the muscles or 
the bones are the pathological causes. L., lum'bar, LORDOTIC 
projection of the lumbar vertebrae forward. L. val- 
go'rum, genu valgum. 
Lordotic, lor-dot'ik. Pertaining to or affected with 
lordosis.. 
Loreta's method. Treatment of aneurism by in- 
troduction of a wire into the sac. L.'s operation, 
dilatation of the pylorus with the finger in process 
of laparogastrotomy. 
Loricatio, lor-e-kah'she-o (lorico, to incrust). In 
pharmacy, the application of a coating of clay or other 
substance to vessels which are to be exposed to fire. 
Lorind matricis, lo'rind mat-re'sis. Pretended 
epilepsy of the womb. 
Loripes, lor'ip-ees (lor am, thong, pes, foot). See 
Kyllosis and Talipes varus. 
Lo'rus. Hydrargyrum. 
Lostor'fer's cor'puscles. Granular masses found 
in blood of syphilitics. 
Lot. Urine. 
Lo'ta. See Curate. L. mol'va, see Oleum morrhuse. 
L. vulga'ris, see Oleum morrhuse. 
Lotio, lo'she-o (lavo, lotum, to wash). Clyster; lo- 
tion. L. cu'pri sulpha'tis camphora'ta, lotion, cam- 
phorated. L. flav'a, L. hydrar'gyra flav'a, see Hy- 
drargyri oxymurias. L. hydrar'gyri ni'gra, see Hy- 
drargyri submurias. L. ru'bra, lotion, camphorated. 
Red wash, made of corrosive sublimate, red sulphuret 
of mercury, creasote, and water; used like yellow 
wash; see Lotion, camphorated. L. sapona'cea, see 
Sapo. 
Lotion, lo'shun. Fluid external application, ordi- 
narily applied by wetting linen in it, and keeping 
it on the part affected. L., cam'phorated, of Bates, 
Bates's camphorated water; red wash of copper sul- 
phate, camphor, and other ingredients; diluted it 
forms Bates's collyrium ; see Lotio rubra. L., Goul'- 
ard's, liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus; lead-water. 
L., Gran'ville's antid'ynous or counter-ir'ritant, 
the milder form is made of liq. ammon. fort., 
SP- rosmarin., f Jvj; tinct. camphor., f 3ij. M. 
The stronger form is made of liq. ammon. fort., f £x; 
spir. rosmar., f §ss; tinct. camphor., M. The 
stronger lotion vesicates rapidly. A piece of linen 
folded six or seven times may be imbued with it and 
laid for a few minutes on the part to be irritated. 
L., hydrocyanic (hydrocyanic acid., ; rectified 
spirit of wine, distilled water, f§vss). Used 
with much success in impetigo, etc. L., mercu'rial, 
black, see Hydrargyri submurias. L., mercu'rial, 
yellow, see Hydrargyri oxymurias. L. of potas'sium 
sul'phuret (potassii sulphuret, 3ij ; saponis, 3iss; 
aquae calcis, f gviiss; alcohol, dilut., Used in 
various chronic cutaneous diseases. 
Lo'tium. Urine. 
Lotu'ra (lavo, lotum, to wash). Lotion. L. car'- 
nium, washings of flesh or dysenteric passages having 
such an appearance. 
Lo'tus sylves'tris. Trifolium melilotus. L. Vir- 
ginia'na, Diospyros Virginiana. 
Loup'ing ill. Hydrorachitis in sheep, producing 
paraplegia. 
Louse. Pediculus. 
Lou'siness or Lou'sy disease. Phtheiriasis. 
Lout'ron. Bath. 
Lov'age. Ligusticum levisticum. 
Love begot', illegitimate. L. child, illegitimate. 
L. pea, Abrus precatorius. 
Love-ap'ple plant. Solatium lycopersicum. 
Lo'vi's beads. Small hollow glass beads, consti- 
tuting specific-gravity beads. 
Low spir'its. Hypochondriasis. 
Lower po'lar cir'cle (Barnes's). Inferior third of 
the uterine cavity. 
Low'er, tu'bercle of (after Dr. Richard Lower). 
Small projection, the existence of which is by no 
means constant, found in the sinus venosus between 
the superior and inferior cava. 
Loxarthrosis (loks-arth-ro'sis) (loxos, oblique, arth- 
ron, joint) or Loxarth'rus. Vicious deviatiou, dis- 
tortion, or direction of the joints, without spasm or 
luxation, as in clubfoot. 
649 
LUCID 
Loxauchenus, loks-aw-ke'nus (loxos, auchen). Name 
of skulls in which line joining inion and hasion 
describes an angle with the radius fixus varying from 
14° to 26°. 
Loxia, loks'e-ah (loxos, oblique). Wry-neck. 
Loxic, loks'ik. Distorted; oblique. 
Loxochordus, loks-o-kor'dus (loxos, oblique, chorda, 
cord). Angle formed by meeting of line between 
hormion and basion, with radius fixus between 15.5° 
and 33°. 
Loxocoryphus, loks-o-kor'e-fus. Name of skulls in 
which line joining bregma and lambda describes an 
angle with radius fixus at from 17° to 29°. 
Loxocyesis, loks-o-se-a'sis. Luxation or obliquity 
of gravid uterus. 
Loxodontus, loks-o-don'tus. Name of skulls in 
which the line connecting subnasal and alveolar 
points forms an angle of from 50° to 88° with radius 
fixus. 
Loxometopus, loks-o-me-to'pus. Name of skulls in 
which line joining bregma with nasal point describes 
an angle of from 33.5° to 47° with the radius fixus. 
Loxophthalmus, loks-of-thal'mus (loxos, oblique, 
ophthalmos, eye). Strabismus. 
Loxopisthius, loks-o-pisth'e-us. Name of skulls in 
which a line projected through lambda and inion 
describes an angle of from 95° to 106° with radius 
fixus. 
Loxopisthocranius, loks-o-pis-tho-kran'e-us. Skulls 
in which line projected through lamba and opisthion 
forms with the radius fixus an angle of from 119° to 
130° 
Loxoprosopus, loks-o-pro-so'pus. Skulls in which 
line drawn from alveolar point to nasion forms with 
radius fixus an angle of from 75° to 89.5°. 
Loxorhinus, loks-o-rhe'nus. Skulls in which a 
line projected from nasion to subnasal point forms 
with the radius fixus an angle of from 77° to 87.5°. 
Loxotomy, loks-ot'o-me (loxos, tome, incision). Am- 
putation by oblique incision. 
Loy's disease. Pox in the horse. 
Lozangia, loz-an'je-ah. Lozenge; tabella; trochis- 
cus. 
Loz'enge. Tabella; trochiscus. 
Lozenges (loz'en-jes), bark. Tabellae cinchonse. 
L., bis'muth, trochisci bismuthi. L., cat'echu, tro- 
chisci catechu. L. of cat'echu and magne'sia, tabel- 
lae antimoniales. L., chlo'rate of potash, trochisci 
potassii chloratis. L. for the heartburn, trochisci 
carbonatis calcis. L., ipecacuan'ha, trochisci ipecac- 
uanhas. L., i'ron, reduced, trochisci ferri redacti. 
L., magne'sia, tabellae de magnesia. L. of marsh'- 
mallows, tabellae de althaea. L., mor'phia, trochisci 
morphinae. L., morphia and ipecacuan'ha, trochisci 
morphiae et ipecacuanhas. L., o'pium, see Trochisci 
glycyrrhizse cum opio. L. of oxal'ic acid, tabellae acidi 
oxalici. L., pec'toral, black, trochisci glycyrrhizae 
glabrae. L., pec'toral, of emetin, trochisci emetinae 
pectorales. L., rhu'barb, tabellae de rheo. L. of 
scam'mony and sen'na, compound, tabellae de scam- 
monio et senna. L., so'da, bicar'bonate of, trochisci 
sodae bicarbonatis. L., Spit'ta's, see Trochisci glycyr- 
rhizse cum opio. L., steel, aromat'ic, see Tabellee de 
ferro. L., sul'phur, compound, tabellae de sulphure 
composite. L., sul'phur, simple, tabellae de sulphure 
simplices. L. of sul'phuret of an'timony, tabellae 
antimoniales. L., tan'nin, trochisci acidi tannici. 
L., Wis'tar's, trochisci glycyrrhizae cum opio. 
Lubido, lu-be'do. Strong desire; libido. L., in- 
tes'tinal, desire to go to stool. 
Lubricantia, lu-bre-kan'she-ah (lubrico, to make 
slippery). Demulcents, emollients. 
Lubrica'tion. Application of oily matter to any 
part to give it smoothness or softness. 
Lubricity, lu-bris'it-e. Lasciviousness. 
Lubricum caput, lu'bre-kum kap'ut (slippery or 
smooth head). Penis. 
Lucae (lu'se), horizon'tal plane of. Plane passing 
through axis of zygomatic arches. 
Lucid, lu'sid (luceo, to shine). In medicine, a word 
particularly applied to the intervals of apparent rea- LUCIFER 
son which occur in mental alienation; intervals of 
lucidity. 
Lucifer-mat chmaker ' s (lu' se-fer-match' ma-ker's) 
disease. See Phosphorus. 
Lucif'ugus {lux, light, fugio, to shun). Dreading 
light. 
Lucina, lu-se'nah {lux, light, surname of Juno and 
Diana). Goddess who presided over parturition. 
Parturition. L. sine co'itu or concu'bitu (parturi- 
tion without copulation), parthenogenesis. 
Luck'y-hood. Caul. 
Lucomania, lu-ko-man'e-ah {lukos, wolf, mania). 
Lycanthropia. 
LucuTia gratis'sima. E. Indian shrub; bark is 
antipyretic. 
Lucuma, lu-ku'mah (S.). Fruit of the southern 
provinces of the coast of Peru and the north of Chili. 
L. mammo'sa, see Mamme apple. Other species are 
used as food or in confections. L. salicifo'lia, Mexi- 
can species; seeds are used in pleurisy; the bark is 
antiperiodic. 
Lucumin, lu'ku-min. Bitter principle from a Pe- 
ruvian species of lucuma; tonic and antipyretic. 
Lucumorianus, lu-ku-mo-re-an'us (probably from 
lux, light, mor or, to tarry). Continuing for several 
days; hence dormitio leucomoriana, morbid sleep per- 
sisting for several days. 
Lu'dus Helmon'tii or Paracel'si. Calcareous stone 
used by the ancients in calculous affections. Term 
also applied to every species of calculous concretion 
occurring in the animal body. 
Ludwigia palustris (lud-wig'e-ah pal-us'tris) diffu'- 
sa. E. Indian species; vermifuge, diuretic, astringent. 
L. wa'ter pur'slane, Phthisis-weed; indigenous; used 
as a pectoral in asthma and chronic cough. 
Lud'wig's angi'na. Sublingual and submaxillary 
cellulitis. See A. Ludovici. L.'s gan'glion, ganglion 
in wall of right auricle. 
Lu'es {luo, to dissolve or melt away). Disease, 
plague, syphilis. L. Cel'tica, syphilis. L. deif'ica, 
epilepsy. L. divl'na, epilepsy. L. dysenter'ica, 
dysentery. L. gonorrho'ica, gonorrhoea impura. 
L. In'dica, framboesia. L. inguina'ria, plague. L. 
Panno'niae, fever, Hungary. L. pestif'era, plague. 
L. Polo'nica, plica. L. Sarmat'ica, plica. L. scor- 
bu'tica, see Purpura. L. seconda'ria, secondary syph- 
ilis. L. syph'ilis, syphilis. L. syphilo'des, syphilis, 
pseudo-syphilis. L. trichomat'ica, plica. L. vene'rea, 
syphilis. 
Luf'fa. Various species of this cucurbitaceous 
plant, growing chiefly in Asia and Africa, are used 
medicinally, particularly as drastic cathartics. L. 
.ffigypti'aca, towel-gourd, washing-rag or gourd, of 
Egypt and Arabia, is used for personal washing. 
Lug. Ear. 
Lug'dus. Erysipelas. 
Lu'gol's caus'tic i'odine. Iodine caustic. Solution 
of iodine and iodide of potassium, each 3j in of 
water. Used in lupus, etc. L.'s i'odine lo'tion, Io- 
dine lotion; weak solution of iodine, gr. ij-iv, and 
iodide of potassium, gr. iv-viij, in water, Oj ; used in 
ozsena, scrofulous ophthalmia, etc. L.'s solu'tion of 
i'odine, liquor iodini compositus. 
Lujula (corr. of Hallelujah). Oxalis acetosella. 
Lullaby (lul'a-be) speech. Lallation. 
Lumbago, lum-ba'go {lumbi, loins). Soreness 
and stiffness of lumbar muscles and lumbo-dorsal 
fascia. L. apostematosa, L. ab arthrocace, L. psoadica. 
Pain in the loins from abscess. Psoadic lumbago may 
also be caused by inflammation of the psoas muscle. 
See Psoitis. L. arthrit'ica, L. of gouty origin, the 
periosteum of the spinal bones being affected. L. a 
nisu {a nisu, from effort), pain in the loins from bear- 
ing too heavy a burden. L. rheumat'ica, L. due to 
rheumatism of the lumbar muscles. L. scorbu'tica, 
L. attending or following scurvy. 
Lum'bar {lumbi, loins). Belonging to the loins. L. 
ab'scess, Psoas abscess; abscess found on the side of 
the posas muscle or between that and the iliacus 
internus. Between these muscles is a quantity of 
loose areolar substance, and when an abscess takes 
LUMBOSACRAL 
place it can find no outlet except by a distant course, 
generally descending along the psoas muscle, forming 
a swelling immediately beneath Poupart's ligament; 
at times, however, extending down the thigh under 
the fascia. Severe hectic follows the bursting of the 
abscess, and often death. Its causes are scrofula, 
injury, etc. The system must be supported under the 
great reparative efforts required of it. L. aponeu- 
ro'sis, lumbar fascia. L. ar'teries are four or five in 
number on each side. They arise from the sides of 
the abdominal aorta, and pass behind the muscles 
situate in front of the lumbar portion of the spine, to 
gain the broad muscles of the abdomen. They give 
off spinal branches and anterior, posterior, and ex- 
ternal muscular branches. L. co'lon, ascending colon. 
L. enlarge'ment, portion of spinal cord possessing a 
greater diameter, beginning at the 10th dorsal ver- 
tebra. L. gan'glia, ganglia of sympathetic located 
in lumbar region. L. glands, lymphatic glands 
located in lumbar region. L. her'nia, hernia located 
in the lumbar region. L. nerves are five in number, 
and issue from the vertebral column by the spinal 
foramina. The first lumbar nerve gives off three 
branches: the external or ilioscrotal, the middle or 
inguinocutaneous, and the internal or infrapubian. 
Along with the three pairs below it, it forms the 
lumbar plexus. L. plex'us, plexus formed by the 
union of the communicating branches of the anterior 
branches of the first four lumbar nerves. It is 
situate behind the psoas muscle and before the trans- 
verse processes of the lumbar vertebra*. It furnishes, 
besides the branches which proceed from the first 
pair, several filaments, that are distributed to the 
psoas muscle, to the iliacus, the integuments, and 
glands of the groin; and three great branches-the 
crural, obturator, and lumbosacral. L. re'gion, the 
loins; see Lumbi. L. veins have an arrangement 
analogous to that of the arteries of the same name. 
They communicate with the vertebral sinuses, azygous 
veins, etc., and pass into the vena cava inferior. L. 
ver'tebrse, the five vertebrae of the lumbar region. 
Lumbaris, lum-bar'is. Lumbar; any muscle of 
the lumbar region. L. exter'nus, quadratus lum- 
borum. L. inter'nus, psoas magnus. 
Lum'bermen's itch. See Itch, prairie. 
Lum'bi (pl. of Lumbus). The loin or loins; lum- 
bar region. The posterior regions of the abdomen, 
comprised between the base of the chest and the 
pelvis. The parts which enter into the formation of 
the lumbar regions are: the skin; a considerable 
quantity of areolar texture; broad and strong apo- 
neuroses-the latissimus dorsi, obliquus externus and 
obliquus internus abdominis, transversalis abdominis, 
quadratus lumborum, and the mass common to the 
sacrolumbalis, longissimus dorsi, and multifidus spinie. 
These muscles surround the lumbar region of the 
vertebral column. The vessels, nerves, etc. of the 
loins are called lumbar. 
Lumbidorsalis, lum-be-dor-sal'is. Spinalis dorsi. 
Lumbifragium, lum-be-fraj'e-um (lumbus, loin, fra- 
gium, fracture). Lumbar hernia. 
Lum'biplex. Lumbar plexus. 
Lumbiplex'al. Relating to the lumbar plexus. 
Lum'bo. In composition, relating to the loins or 
lumbar vertebrae. 
Lum'bo-abdom'inal. Relating to the lumbar and 
abdominal regions. 
Lum'bo-abdominal'is. Lumbo-abdominal; mus- 
cle of inferior animals similar to the human trans- 
versalis abdominis. 
Lumbocos'tal. Relating to the loins and ribs. 
Lumbocostalis, lum-bo-kos-tal'is. Superficialis cos- 
tarum muscle of lower animals, like the human ser- 
ratus posticus; sacrospinalis. 
Lumbodor'sal. Relating to the loins and back. 
Lumbodynia, lum-bo-din'e-ah (lumbo, odune, pain). 
Lumbago. 
Lumbofemoral'is. Psoas magnus. 
Lum'bo-ili'acus. Psoas parvus. 
Lum'bo-in'guinal. Relating to the loins and groin. 
Lumbosacral, lum-bo-sa'kral. Belonging to the 
650 LUMBRICAL 
lumbar and sacral regions or to the lumbar vertebrae 
and the sacrum. Large nerve given off from the 
anterior branch of the fifth lumbar pair, which de- 
scends into the pelvis before the sacrum to join the 
sciatic plexus. 
Lum'brical. Relating to the lumbricus. 
Lumbrica'les man'tis. Four small, fleshy, thin, 
round, long, fusiform fasciculi situate in the palm 
of the hand. They arise from the tendons of the 
flexor communis digitorum, and are inserted at the 
outer and posterior side of the superior extremity 
of the first phalanges of the last four fingers. These 
muscles bend the fingers on the metacarpus and fix 
the tendons of the flexor digitorum communis. L. 
pe'dis are analogous to those of the hand in form, 
number, and arrangement. 
Lumbricalis, lum-bre-kal'is. Resembling a lum- 
bricus or earth-worm; lumbricoides. Name given to 
small muscles in the palm of the hand and sole of 
the foot. 
Lumbricide, lum'bre-side (lumbricus, csedo, to kill). 
Anthelmintic especially destructive to Ascarides lum- 
bricoides. 
Lumbricid'ia anthelmint'ica. Andira anthelmint- 
ica. L. legal'is, Andira stipulacea. 
Lum'briciform. Like a lumbricus. 
Lumbricoides, lum-bre-ko-e'dees. Earth-worm; also 
enteric, long, round worm. 
Lumbricus, lum'bre-cus (earth-worm). Ascaris lum- 
bricoides. L. la'tus, bothriocephalus latus, tenia 
solium. L. renal'is, eustrongylus gigas. L. te'res 
hom'inis, ascaris lumbricoides. 
Lum'bus Ven'eris (loin of Venus). Achillea mille- 
folium. The loin. 
Lu'men. Light, pupil; also employed in the same 
sense as foramen and spiramentum (air-hole), and 
hence extended to denote the calibre of a tube or 
vessel. L. con'stans, phosphorus. 
Luminosity, lu-min-os'it-e. Condition of being 
luminous; phosphorescence. 
Lu'minous. Affording light; shining. 
Luna, lu'nah (moon). Silver; the moon. L. Al- 
bi'ni, sciatic notch, lesser. L. imperfec'ta, bismuth. 
L. philosopho'rum, mercury. L. potab'ilis, silver 
nitrate. 
Lunacy, lu'na-se. Insanity. See Lunatic. 
Lu'nar (luna, moon, silver). Relating to the moon 
(see Lunatic) or to silver, as lunar caustic. L. caus'- 
tic, silver nitrate. 
Lunare (lu-nar'e) os. Semilunar bone; the second 
bone in the upper row of the carpus 
Lunaria, lu-nar'e-ah (luna, moon). Menses. L. 
peren'nis or redivi'va, Moonwort, Satin honesty; diu- 
retic, laxative, antiseptic. 
Lunaris, lu-nar'is. Lunatic. 
Lunatic, lu'na-tik. Relating to the moon; epithet 
given to diseases supposed to appear at certain phases 
of the moon, or to persons affected by them. A 
lunatic, at the present day, may be defined as one 
laboring under lunacy or mental alienation, dementia 
accidentalis or adventitia ; that is, under any form of 
unsoundness of mind, except idiocy. In law, a 
lunatic is one who has had an understanding, but by 
disease, grief, or other accident has lost the use of 
his reason and become non compos mentis. 
Lunaticus, lun-at'e-kus. Epileptic; lunatic; som- 
nambulist. A writ de lunatico inquirendo is one 
granted for inquiry into the mental condition of one 
supposed to be insane. 
Lunatism, lu'nat-izm. Periodical conjunctivitis; 
somnambulism, especially in the moonlight. 
Luna'turn. Cuneiform bone. 
Lune (luna, moon). Fit of lunacy or insanity. 
Lunella, lu-nel'lah (dim. of Luna, moon). Hypop- 
yon. 
Lung. Essential organ of respiration, which is 
double, and occupies the two sides of the chest. The 
lungs, which are of a spongy, soft, flexible, compress- 
ible, and dilatable structure, fill exactly the two cav- 
ities of the thorax, and are separated from each other 
by the mediastinum and the heart. The right lung, 
651 
LUNG 
which is shorter and broader than the left, is divided 
by two oblique fissures into three unequal lobes, lobi 
or alee pulmonum. The left has only two lobes, and 
consequently only one fissure. At the internal sur- 
face of these organs, which is slightly concave, there 
is about the middle a pedicle formed by the bronchia 
and pulmonary vessels, and called by anatomists the 
root of the lungs. Essentially, the lungs are composed 
of prolongations and ramifications of the bronchia 
and of the pulmonary arteries and veins, the divis- 
ions of which are supported by a fine areolar tissue. 
When the surface of the lungs is examined in a 
clear light, we may see, even through the pleura, that 
their parenchyma is formed by the aggregation of a 
multitude of small vesicles, of an irregularly spheroid 
or ovoid shape, full of air, and separated by white 
and opaque septa, constituting lozenge-shaped spaces, 
which are called lobules-lobuli or insulae pulmonales- 
and which are separated by interlobular areolar tis- 
sue. These lobules do not communicate with each 
other. The series of air-sacs connected with the ex- 
tremity of each bronchial twig has been called a 
lobulette. The vesicles are called air-cells, air- or lung- 
vesicles, spiramenta or spiramina, or cellulse pulmo- 
num. See Cellules, bronchic. They who regard the 
bronchial tubes as terminating in elongated cavities 
have termed those cavities air-sacs, infundibula, Mal- 
pighian vesicles, terminal cavities, etc., and the cup- 
like cavities observed in these have been called 
alveoli. They are the air-cells. 
Along the partitions or septa is deposited in greater 
or less quantity black pulmonary matter, as it has been 
called, which seems to be normal. Sometimes it is seen 
in points, at others in spots. The color of the lungs 
varies according to age and other circumstances. In 
youth it is more red, and afterward grayish or bluish, 
often as if marbled. The pleura pulmonalis is their 
investing membrane. The air is carried to the lungs 
by means of the trachea and bronchia. The black 
venous blood which requires oxygenation is con- 
veyed to them from the heart by the pulmonary ar- 
tery, and when it has undergone this change it is 
returned to the heart by the pulmonary veins. The 
blood-vessels inservient to the nutrition of the lungs 
are the bronchial arteries. The pulmonary lymphatics 
are very numerous. Some are superficial, others 
deep-seated. They pass for the most part into the 
bronchial ganglions or glands. Nerves are furnished 
by the pulmonary plexus. The lungs are respiratory 
organs in which venous blood is oxygenated. 
The following estimates have been made of the 
measurements, weight, etc. of the lungs (Krause): 
Dimensions (mm.), Weight, and Volume of the 
Lungs. 
Men. Women. 
Right. Left. Right. Left. 
Weight at external surface .... 271 298 216 230 
" internal surface .... 162 176 135 156 
Antero-posterior diameter .... 203 176 176 162 
Transverse diameter at root of lung 95 81 88 74 
" " " base of lung 135 129 122 108 
Weight of lung (containing a moderate amount of blood): 
Men 1300 g. (right, 682; left, 618). 
Women 1023 g. ( " 541; " 482). 
Soldier aged 22 . right, 517.5; left, 494 g. 
Volume of lung free from air, 793-1230 cm. (right, 516-624; 
left, 456-585) (1023-1300 absolute gravity and 1056 specific 
gravity). 
Lung in the cadaver, moderately filled with air (about three 
times as much) right, 1577-1990 ; left, 1408-1805 
Filled to utmost capacity right, 5157; left, 4364 
Weight of right lung . . 247 g. (E. Bischoff)-718 g. (Dursy). 
Weight of left lung . . . 228 g. (E. Bischoff)-619 g. (Krause). 
Lumen of the smallest bronchioles 0.18-0.22 
Smallest lobules of the lung 1 in diameter. 
Alveoli 0.12-0.38 in diameter. 
When half filled about 0.2 mm 
Number of pulmonary vesicles, 1700-1800 millions (Huschke). 
L., atelec'tasis of, imperfect expansion of the lungs 
at birth. L., at'rophy of, se'nile, emphysema senile. 
L., black, of coal miners, anthracosis. L., broad 
lig'ament of, see Pleura. L. cal'culi, calculi, pulmon- 
ary. L., cancer of the, phthisis, cancerous. L. ca- LUNGWORT 
pac'ity, breathing capacity. L., cirrho'sis of, cirrho- 
sis of the lung. L., coal, coal-miner's or col'lier's, 
see Anthracosis. L., collapse of the, see Atelectasispul- 
monum. L., consumption of, phthisis pulmonalis. L. 
fe'ver, bronchial catarrh; pneumonia. L., fl'broid de- 
generation of, cirrhosis of the lung. L. flow'er, Gen- 
tiana pneumonanthe. L., hem'orrhage from, haemop- 
tysis. L., hepatization of, see Pneumonia and Hepati- 
zation. L., inflammation of, pneumonia. L., perfor- 
ating ab'scess of, purulent collection forming exterior 
to the lung, and afterward perforating its tissue, so 
that it is evacuated through the bronchial tubes. L. 
proof, Docimasia pulmonum. L., root of, see Lung. 
L., splenization of, see Pneumonia and Splenization. 
L. stones, calculi, pulmonary. L. test, L. proof. L. 
test'er, cylindrical bag of India rubber so arranged as 
to measure the quantity of air expelled by the lungs; 
form of spirometer. L., tubercular disease of, 
phthisis pulmonalis. L. ves'icles, see Lung. 
Lung'wort. Medicinal plant, Pulmonaria officina- 
lis ; demulcent; a fluid extract of the leaves is used 
in f3j doses. L., cow's, Verbascum nigrum. L. 
tree, Lichen pulmonarius. 
Lunula, lu'nu-lah (dim. of Luna, moon). Onyx. 
L. of Gianuz'zi, demilune. L. scap'ulse, notch, scap- 
ular or suprascapular. L. un'guium, white semilunar 
space on the nails near the root. 
Lunulse, lu'nu-le (pl. of Lunula). Two thin semi- 
lunar surfaces on either side of the corpus Arantii of 
the semilunar valves of the heart. 
Lu'nule. Lunula. 
Lupanine, lu'pan-een. C15H23N2O. Base from Lu- 
pinus angustifolius, causing paralysis of the brain and 
augmenting reflex irritability of the medulla. 
Lupa'ria. Aconitum lycoctonum. 
Lupia, lu'pe-ah (lupeo, to harass). Wen; phage- 
denic ulcer; fungoid growth. L. junctu'rse, spina 
ventosa. L. scrofulo'sa, scrofuloderma tuberculo- 
sum. 
Lu'piform. Having the character or appearance 
of lupus. 
Lupiin, lu'pe-in. Bitter glucoside from Lupinus 
luteus; not important medically. Another alkaloid, 
lupinidine, a liquid, has also been obtained from it. 
Lupine. Lupinosus. 
Lupinine, lu'pin-een. Alkaloid, C21H40N2O2, from 
the seeds of Lupinus luteus. Also alkaloid from 
seeds of Lupinus albus, and an independent amor- 
phous mass from the same plant. They are paralyz- 
ants of the sensory and motory nervous apparatus. 
Lupino'sis. Morbid affection of cattle, supposed to 
be from eating lupinus or fungoid growths on plants 
resulting from fermentation; the symptoms are fever, 
abdominal tumefaction, great debility, jaundice, etc. 
Lupino'sus. Having the appearance of lupinus or 
lupine or its seeds. 
Lupinotox'in (lupinus, toxikon, poison). Resinous 
principle from different species of lupinus, causing 
lupinosis. 
Lupinus, lu-pe'nus. Under this term the White 
lupin, Lupinus albus, ord. Leguminosee, is often meant. 
The meal is occasionally used as an anthelmintic and 
as a cataplasm. Other species of lupinus are em- 
ployed therapeutically, but their action is similar to 
that of L. albus. Its alkaloid is somewhat similar to 
atropine in action, and its seeds are diuretic, emmen- 
agogue, and anthelmintic, and are externally applied 
to wounds, ulcers, etc. 
Lupiology, lu-pe-ol'o-je (lupia, wen, logos, descrip- 
tion or understanding). Description of wens or other 
tumors, even if malignant. 
Lu'poid (lupus, eidos, resemblance). Resembling 
lupus. L. ul'cer, see Ulcer, lupoid. 
Lupoma'nia (lupus, wolf). Hydrophobia. 
Lu'pous. Relating to lupus. 
Lupuli'na. Lupuline. 
Lupuline, lu'pu-leen. Lupulina (Ph. U. S.). Sub- 
stance which exists in Humulus lupulus or hop. It 
is in the form of small, shining, yellowish grains or 
granular powder separated from the strobiles of Hu- 
mulus lupulus; pulverulent and of aromatic odor. 
652 
! LUPUS 
When analyzed it is found to contain resin, volatile 
oil, and a bitter principle, lupuline; aromatic and 
tonic, and, according to some, narcotic. 
Lupulinic (lu-pu-lin'ik) ac'id. CisHsaOio. Obtained 
by action of dilute sulphuric acid on lupuline; lupu- 
lirrhetin accompanies it. L. glands, lupulina. 
Lupuli'num (Ph. U. S.). Lupuline. 
Lupulirrhet'in. Amorphous substance, C10H16O4, 
from lupulin. 
Lupulite, lu'pu-lite. Lupuline. 
Lu'pulus. Humulus lupulus. L. commu'nis, salic- 
ta'rius, or scan'dens, Humulus lupulus. 
Lu'pus (wolf). Jacob's ulcer, Erosive ulcer of the 
derma, Eating tetter. Tubercular excrescences, with 
ragged, spreading ulcerations, chiefly about the aim 
nasi, where they destroy the skin, etc. for some depth. 
They sometimes appear in the cheek, circularly or in 
the shape of a sort of ringworm, destroying the sub- 
stance, and leaving a deep and deformed cicatrix. A 
form of granuloma characterized by papules, macules, 
tubercles, or nodules, with a tendency to degenera- 
tion and atrophy. The investigations in regard to 
tuberculin of Koch have established the value of that 
agent as a means of diagnosis and also as a remedial 
agent in lupus. When hypertrophy accompanies 
cicatrization, the affection is called Lupus hypertrophi- 
cus, Lupus with hypertrophy. It almost always attacks 
the face. See also Herpes exedens and Lyco'ides. L. 
ac'ne, chronic papular form, generally combined with 
acne vulgaris. L. anatom'icus, verruca necrogenica. 
L. cancro'sus, cancer; lupus associated with epithelio- 
ma. L., Cazenove's, L. erythematodes. L. cornu'tus, 
L. exuberans. L. dev'orans, see Lupus. L. discre'- 
tus, papules are separated. L. dissemina'tus, papules 
relatively few, but involving extensive surface; L. 
acne. L. ec'zema, L. erythematosus resembling ecze- 
ma. L. erythemato'sus or erythemato'des, erythe- 
matous lupus; form characterized by small bright-red 
spots, elevated, and having in their centre the en- 
larged outlet of a sebaceous gland filled with yellow 
rows of dried-up epithelial cells and thickened seba- 
ceous secretion. It is not attended with ulceration, 
and generally attacks the nose and cheeks. L. ery- 
themato'sus discoi'des, type occurring early, in 
which the first efflorescences slowly increase by pe- 
ripheral growth. L. erythemato'sus dissemina'tus, 
numerous patches occur after primary efflorescence, 
having no tendency toward peripheral growth. L. 
ex'edens, lupus accompanied with ulceration. L. 
exfoliati'vus, papules slowly disappear, leaving the 
atrophied surface smooth and shining. L. exu'ber- 
ans, L. with various forms of excrescences, independ- 
ent of, or accompanying, L. exulcerans. L. exul'cer- 
ans, type of L. vulgaris, characterized by ulceration 
of infiltrated skin. L. framboesioi'des, L. exuber- 
ans. L., fun'gous, L. exuberans. L. haemorrhag'- 
icus, a variety of erythematosus in which hemor- 
rhage appears in vesicles, etc. L. hypertroph'icus, 
form possessing extensive warty enlargements super- 
imposed upon a thickened skin. L. impetigino'sus, 
variety of L. erythematosus in which crusts take the 
place of scales. L. maculo'sus, form of lupus having 
small non-elevated spots or patches. L. milia'ris, 
L. acne. L. nodo'sus, L. tuberosus. L. nonex'edens, 
in this form the tubercles spread, but do not become 
ulcerated. Here the deposit of a lower form of cell- 
tissue in place of the normal skin is greater than in 
the erythematous form. L. papilla'ris or papillo- 
mato'sus, L. exuberans. L. prom'inens, L. tubero- 
sus. L. ro'dens, L. exulcerans. L. scrofulo'sus, 
scrofuloderma tuberculosum. L. seba'ceus, L. ery- 
thematosus, with marked involvement of the seba- 
ceous glands. L. serpigino'sus, a later stage, where 
the morbid process extends from the periphery. L. 
syphilit'icus, specific lupus. L. tuberculo'sis, a 
form of L. vulgaris; form of lupus characterized 
by aggregating tendency of papules. L. varico'- 
sus, naevus. L. veg'etans, type characterized by 
proliferation. L. verruco'sus, form in which papil- 
lary development occurs. L. vo'rax, herpes exedens; 
see Lupus. L. vulga'ris, form characterized by LURCO 
brownish-red papules, macules, or tubercles of skin 
or mucous membrane, which undergo ulceration and 
cicatrization. 
Lur'co. Glutton. 
Lu'rid. Pale-yellow, sallow, as applied to the com- 
plexion. 
Lur'keydish. Mentha pulegium. 
Lu'ror (leira, pale). Paleness. 
Lusch'ka, gland of. Coccygeal gland. 
Lusch'ka's arachnoi'dal villi. Pacchionian bodies. 
L.'s bur'sa, pharyngeal bursa. L.'s car'tilage, small 
elastic cartilaginous nodule in anterior portion of 
vocal cord. L.'s pharynge'al ton'sil, amygdaloid 
gland at roof of pharynx. 
Lusciositas, lus-she-os'e-tas. Strabismus; obliquity 
of vision; myopia. 
Lusciosus, lus-she-o'sus. Blind, either totally or 
of one eye ; short-sighted. 
Luscitas, lus-se'tas (lusciosus, dim-sighted). Strabis- 
mus. The term has also been given to any case of 
obliquity in which the eye is fixed in an unnatural 
position. 
Luscities, lus-sish'e-ees. Luscitas. 
Luscus, lus'kus (one-eyed). Lusciosus. 
Lu'sis. Washing. 
Lust'garten's bacillus. Bacillus of syphilis. 
Lustramentum, lus-tram-en'tum (lustro, to pu- 
rify). Cathartic. 
Lu'sus natu'rse. A monstrosity or variation from 
the abnormal conformation. 
Lute. Composition employed either for closing 
apertures in a pharmaceutical instrument or for 
covering the surface of retorts, tubes, etc. which 
have to support a great degree of heat. It is 
made of linseed meal and starch, or of clay and dry- 
ing oil, or white of egg and lime, and that for covering 
vessels intended to be strongly heated is made of 
clay, sifted sand, and water. 
Lu'tein. Yellow principle found in corpora lutea, 
yolk of eggs, and clotted blood. 
Lute'ola (dim. of Luteus). Reseda luteola. 
Lu'teum o'vi. Yolk of egg. 
Lu'teus. Yellow. 
Lutidine, lu'tid-een. Colorloss liquid derived from 
tar by distillation. C7H9N. 
Lu'tron or Lu'trum (loutron, louo, to wash). Bath. 
Also an ophthalmic medicine. 
Lutrexanthe'ma (loutron, bath, exanthema, eflflores- 
cence). Eruption or exanthem caused by bathing. 
Lux. Light. 
Luxatio, luks-ah'she-o. Luxation. L. imperfecta, 
sprain. L. incompleta, partial dislocation. L. len'- 
tis, dislocation of the crystalline lens into the an- 
terior chamber or into the vitreous humor. 
Luxation, luks-a'shun (luxo, to put out of place). 
Dislocation. Displacement of two or more bones 
whose articular surfaces have lost, wholly or in part, 
their natural connection, either owing to external 
violence (accidental luxation) or to disease of some 
of the parts about the joint (spontaneous luxation). 
Luxation is complete when the bones have entirely 
lost their natural connection; incomplete-Luxatio im- 
perfecta, Subluxation-when they partly preserve it; 
and compound when a wound communicates with the 
luxated joint. The general indications of treatment 
are: 1. To reduce the protruded bone to its original 
place. 2. To retain it in situ. 3. To obviate any at- 
tendant or consequent symptoms. To reduce requires 
extension, counter-extension, and coaptation. An- 
aesthetics frequently assist the eflforts of the surgeon 
by inducing more complete relaxation of the muscles. 
Luxatu'ra. Dislocation. 
Luxus (luks'us) consumption (luxus, excess). Con- 
sumption of an excess of albumen, which has not at 
any time been a constituent of the body, its combus- 
tion or oxygenation being then supposed to be effected 
in the blood. 
Lu'zula campestris. Field rush, Crowfeet, Black 
gross, God's grace, and L. pilosa, Hairy wood-rush, of this 
country and Europe. It has been used in calculous 
653 
r LYCOPODIUM 
Lyacon'itine. Alkaloid from Aconitum lycoctonum, 
with poisonous effects like those of curare. 
Lycaconine, lik-ak'o-neen. Obtained by decom- 
posing lyaconitine with boiling water. 
Lycanche, lik-an'ke (lyco, ancho, to strangle). Wolf 
quinsy, Wolf choak, as Cynanche means Dog choak. 
Also hydrophobia. See Lycoides. 
Lycanchis, lik-an'kis. Lycanche. 
Lycanthrope, lik'an-thrope. See Lycanthropia. 
Lycanthropia, lik-an-thro'pe-ah (lyco, anthropos, 
man). Lycanthropy. Lycomania. Variety of melan- 
choly in which the person believes himself to be 
changed into a wolf, and imitates the voice and habits 
of that animal. One so circumstanced is called a 
Lycanthrope, Lycanthropus. 
Lycanthropus, lik-an-thro'pus. See Lycanthropia. 
Lycaum, le-ka'um. Lycanthropia. 
Lychnidium, lik-nid'e-um (luchnidion) (dim. of 
Luchnos, a light). Innate vital or animal heat. 
Lychnis (lik'nis) chalcedon'ica. Plant, parts of 
which are used for soap. L. githa'go, Corn cockle, 
Rose campion ; naturalized European plant, ord. Cary- 
ophyllaceae. The seeds are somewhat acrid, but not 
poisonous. At one time employed in cutaneous dis- 
eases and in hemorrhage, and as a topical application 
to ulcersand fistulae. L. officina'lis, saponaria. L. 
sapona'ria or sylves'tris, saponaria. 
Lychnium, lik'ne-um (luchnos, light). Innate vital 
or animal heat. 
Lycium, lis'e-um (lukion). Medicinal substance ob- 
tained from the roots and branches of a thorny shrub 
growing in Lycia; astringent, and used in dysentery, 
ulcers of the gums, etc. By some it has been con- 
sidered to be the catechu. 
Lyco, le'ko (lukos, wolf). In composition, wolf. 
Lycoctonine, lik-ok'to-neen. Alkaloid of Aconitum 
lycoctonum. 
Lycodontes, lik-o-don'tees (lyco, odous, a tooth). 
Canine teeth. 
Lycoides, lik-o-e'dees (lyco, eidos, form). Epithet 
for a species of cynanche, called also Lupus and 
Strangulator, and absurdly attributed to excessive 
retention of sperm in its reservoirs and its passage 
into the blood. 
Lycomania, lik-o-man'e-ah (lyco, mania). Lycan- 
thropia. 
Lycoperdon, lik-o-pur'don (lyco, perdo, to break 
wind). Puffball, Bullfists, Mollipuffs; ord. Fungi. 
Puffball dries into a very fine, light-brownish dust, 
which is sometimes used as a mechanical styptic to 
arrest hemorrhage. L. arrhi'zon, lycoperdon. L. 
cervi'num, Elaphomyces granulatus. L. gigante'- 
um, puff ball, used as a hsemostatic. L. globo'sum, 
lycoperdon. L. guloso'rum, L. tuber. L. pro'teus, 
Common puff ball. L. tu'ber, Trubs, Truffle (pronounced 
troofle). Fleshy, firm body, unknown in its mode of 
reproduction, which is found underground in differ- 
ent parts of France and Italy. Is much esteemed 
as an aliment. It seems to belong to the champig- 
nons, and has a particular perfume. Aphrodisiac 
virtues have been ascribed to it. A Virginia 
truffle is called Tuckaho. It is the Scleretium gi- 
ganteum, and is sometimes named Indian bread and 
Indian loaf. 
Lycopersicum esculentum, lik-o-per'sik-um es-ku- 
len'tum. Solanum lycopersicum. L. po'mum amo'- 
ris, Solanum lycopersicum. L. tubero'sum, Solanum 
tuberosum. 
Lyc'opin. Concentrated extract from Lycopus 
Virginicus. 
Lycop'odine. Alkaloid from Lycopodium clava- 
tum and L. complanatum. C32H52N2O3. 
Lycopodium, li-ko-po'de-um (lyco, pous, foot). 
Clubmoss, Wolfsclaw, Witchmeal; ord. Lycopodiacese. 
Largest of European mosses. The dust or sporules of 
L. clavatum and other species of lycopodium (Ph. U. 
S.), which fills the capsules of its spikes, is very in- 
flammable, and hence has been called Vegetable sul- 
phur and also Farina or Pulvis, or Semen, or Sulphur 
lycopodii. It is used in France and the United States 
to roll pills in, and in medicine as a desiccative in the LYCOPUS 
excoriations to which infants are liable. L. clava'- 
tum, lycopodium. L. complana'tum, common club- 
moss, ground pine; indigenous; same properties as 
Lycopodium selago. L. offlcina'le, L. clavatum. L. 
recur'vum, L. selago. L. sela'go, Uupright clubmoss, 
Fir clubmoss, Upright firmoss. Decoction of this plant 
acts violently as an emetic and purgative, and was 
formerly, on this account, used as an abortive. It is 
employed to kill vermin. 
Lycopus, lik'o-pus (lyco, pous, foot, from the like- 
ness of the leaves). Bugleweed, Water bugle, Water 
horehound, Gypsyweed, Paul's betony. This indigenuos 
herb, nat. ord. Labiatae, grows throughout the greater 
part of the United States. The whole herb is said to be 
slightly narcotic; is given in infusion (lycop., aq. 
fervent., Oj); dose, Oss-Oj. L. pu/mila, lycopus. L. 
sinua'tus, Water horehound, Gypsyweed, Paul's betony, 
indigenous, has similar properties. L. uniflo'rus, L. 
pumila. L. Virgin'icus, lycopus. 
Lycorexia, lik-o-reks'e-ah. Hunger, especially of 
intense form. 
Lycorrexis, lik-o-reks'is (lyco, orexis, appetite). 
See Fames lupina. 
Lycosa tarentula, lik-o'sah tar-en'tu-lah. See Tar- 
entula. 
Lycostoma, lik-os'to-mah (lyco, stoma, mouth). Fis- 
sure of the palate. 
Ly'dus. Blistering beetle. 
Lye. Lixivium, ley. L., dyspep'tic, see Fuligokali. 
L., medical, see Fuligokali. L. tea, Phys'ick's, see 
Fuligokali. 
Lyencephala, le-en-sef'al-ah (luo, to loosen, kephale, 
head). Low type of cerebral development in which 
the hemispheres, which are without folds, are con- 
nected only by a round commissure and the hippo- 
campal commissure. 
Lygismus, le-giz'mus (lugismos, lugizo, to bend). 
Luxation. 
Lygmodes, lig-mo'dees (lygmus). Singultus. 
Lyg'mus (lugmos). Singultus. 
Lygodes, le-go'dees (lug odes). Singultus. 
Lying-down state. Parturient state. 
Lying-in. Puerperal state. L.I.- state, parturient 
state. 
Lyma, le'mah (luo, to wash). Lochia; also filth or 
sordes (to be washed away). 
Ly'me (luma). Lyma. 
Lymph, limf (akin to numpha, water, by changing 
n into I). Lympha, White blood, Lympha nutritia. 
Name given to the fluid contained in the lymphatic 
vessels and thoracic duct. The properties and com- 
position of lymph vary somewhat according to the 
part whence the lymphatic vessels obtain it. Gen- 
erally, it is under the form of a transparent, slightly 
alkaline fluid, sometimes of a madder-red or yellow- 
ish color; of a spermatic odor and saline taste; solu- 
ble in water, the solution becoming turbid when 
mixed with alcohol. It coagulates; the clot becomes 
of a scarlet red if put in contact with oxygen, and 
of a purple red if placed in carbonic acid. Like the 
blood, the lymph consists of a fluid, Liquor lymphse, 
in which lymph-corpuscles are suspended. Lymph is 
the product of internal absorption in different parts 
of the body; it flows along the lymphatic vessels, 
uniting with the chyle, and is poured into the veins, 
thus becoming one of the materials of the blood. L., 
bo'vine, vaccine lymph taken from that class of ani- 
mals, being called calf lymph when from the calf. L. 
chan'nel, see Lympfe-sinws. L., coag'ulable, fibrin ; 
liquor sanguinis. L. cor'puscles, see Lymph. L., cor- 
pus'cular, inflammatory form of lymph, with color- 
less corpuscles. L., croup'ous, exudation during 
croup. L., fi'brinous or fibrinoplas'tic, tenacious 
form, speedily coagulable. L. fis'tula, see Fistula. 
L. folTicles, term applied to lymphoid structures, as 
Peyer's patches, tonsils, etc. L. glob'ules, see Lymph. 
L., glyc'erin, see Glycerin. L. hearts, lymphatic 
hearts. L., Koch's, tuberculin. L. plas'ma, fluid 
portion of lymph suspending the corpuscular ele- 
ments. L., plas'tic, liquor sanguinis. L. se'rum, 
lymph minus corpuscles and clot. L. si'nus, L. chan- 
654 
LYMPHATIC 
nel; a channel for passage of lymph. L., vac'cine, 
see Vaccine. 
Lym'pha. Lymph. L. ar'borum, see Sap. L. mu- 
culen'ta na'rium, nasal mucus. L. nutri'tia, lymph. 
L. pancreat'is, see Pancreas. L. pericar'dii, see Peri- 
cardium. L. plas'tica, fibrin. 
Lymphadenec'tasis (lymph, aden, gland, ektasis, di- 
latation). Dilatation of lymphatic gland. 
Lymphaden'ia. Enlargement of lymphatic glands 
generally. 
Lymphadenitis, lim-fad-en-e'tis (lymph, adenitis'). 
Inflammation of lymphatic gland. 
Lymphad'enoid. Resembling a lymphatic gland. 
Lymphadenoma, lim-fad-en-o'mah. Neoplasm his- 
tologically composed of lymphoid elements; lympho- 
sarcoma ; lymphoma. Hodgkin's disease, in which 
there are numerous growths of this kind in various 
parts of the body. L., ansemic, pseudoleucocythaemia. 
L. caverno'sum, lymphangeioma. L., mul'tiple, gen- 
eral lymphadenoma. 
Lymphadenosis, lim-fad-en-o'sis. Hodgkin's dis- 
ease. L., gen'eral, Hodgkin's disease. 
Lymphaeductus, lim-fe-duk'tus (lympha, ductus, 
duct). Lymphatic vessels. 
Lymphaemia, lim-fe'me-ah (lymph, haima, blood). 
A variety of leucocythaemia in w'hich the lymphatic 
glands become greatly enlarged. See Leucocythsemia. 
Lymphagogue, lim'fa-gog (lymph, ago, to drive). 
Any agent assisting in the production of lymph. 
Lymphangeio'ma. Tumor of lymphatic vessels. 
L. tubero'sum multiplex, neoplasm of lymphatic 
vessels in the skin, perhaps a variety of fibroma mol- 
luscum. 
Lymphangeitis, lim-fan-je-e'tis (lymphangia, itis). 
Angeioleucitis. 
Lymphangia, lim-fan-je'ah (pl. of Lymphangion) 
(lympha, angeion, vessel). Lymphatic vessels. 
Lymphangiectasis, lim-fan-je-ek'tas-is (lymphangia, 
ektasis, dilatation). Dilatation of lymphatic vessels. 
Lymphangiectodes, lim-fan-je-ek-to'dees. Type of 
cutaneous hypertrophy affecting subcutaneous areolar 
tissue, which forms dendritic vegetations possessing 
new blood-vessels, and associated with dilated lymph- 
spaces and oedema. 
Lymphangiography, lim-fan-je-og'ra-fe (lymphangia, 
graphe, description). Description of the lymphatic 
vessels. 
Lymphangioitis, lim-fan-je-o-e'tis. Angeioleucitis. 
Lymphangiology, lim-fan-je-ol'o-je (lymphangia, 
logos, description). Treatise on the lymphatics. 
Lymphangio'ma. Condition in which there is 
dilatation of the lymphatic vessels. L. circumscrip'- 
tum, chronic eruption of vesicles associated in clus- 
ters and with dilated lymphatics. L. tubero'sum, 
appearance of papules or tubercles from same cause. 
Lymphangiomyo'ma. Myoma or tumor involving 
muscular tissue and the lymphatic vessels. 
Lymphangion, lim-fan-je'on. See Lymphangia. 
Lymphangioncus (lim-fan-je-on'kus), Lymphan- 
gon'cus, or Lymphangioma, lim-fan-je-o'mah 
(lympha, angeion, vessel, onkos, tumor). Tumefaction 
of the lymphatics. L. caverno'sum, L. colli cys'ti- 
cum, congenital cyst of the neck. L. cu'tis, excessive 
development of lymph-elements in the corium, pre- 
senting a white glistening tuberculous appearance. 
L. tubero'sum multiplex, type characterized by 
numerous nodules affecting more or less of the whole 
surface. 
Lymphangiotomy, lim-fan-je-ot'o-me (lymphangia, 
tome, incision). Dissection of the lymphatic vessels. 
Lymphangitis, lim-fan-je'tis. Angeioleucitis. \ 
Lymphangoitis, lim-fan-jo-e'tis. Angeioleucitis. 
Lymphatic, lim-fat'ik. Relating to lymph or 
lymph-vessels. See Phlegmatic. L. duct, see Lymphatic 
vessels. L. fis'tula, lymph fistula. L. gan'glions or 
glands, see Conglobate. L. hearts, Lymph hearts. The 
frog and several other animals are provided with large 
receptacles for the lymph immediately under the 
skin, which exhibit distinct and regular pulsations 
like the sanguiferous heart. Their use appears to be 
to propel the lymph. L. sys'tem, system of organs LYMPHATISM 
which are inservient to the formation and circulation 
of lymph. These are L. ganglions or glands. See Con- 
globate and L. vessels. L. ves'sels, arising at the sur- 
face of membranes and in the tissue of the organs; 
they carry into the veins the lymph. Lymphatic ves- 
sels are found in almost every part. They form two 
orders-one superficial, the other deep-frequently 
communicating with each other. Lymphatic vessels 
are smaller than the arteries and veins, are very thin, 
diaphanous, and cylindrical, but present here and 
there more or less considerable dilatations, caused by 
valves in their interior. All the branches before 
joining the principal trunks pass through lymphatic 
ganglions; are formed of an outer areolar membrane 
and an internal coat, similar to that of the veins; of 
the latter the valves are formed. All the lymphatics 
of the body ultimately discharge themselves at the 
junction of the subclavian and internal jugular 
veins. Two of these trunks are considerably larger 
than the others-the thoracic duct and the great 
trunk of the right side, the right or lymph-duct. The 
former receives the lymphatics of the abdomen of the 
lower extremities, the left side of the thorax, the left 
upper extremity, and the corresponding side of the 
head and neck; the latter receives those of the right 
upper extremity and of the right side of the head, 
neck, and thorax. 
Lymph'atism. Lymphatic habit. Scrofula. 
Lymphatitis, lim-fat-e'tis. Angeioleucitis. 
Lymphatocele, lym-fat-o-se'le (Eng. lym'fat-o-seel). 
Tumor from dilatation of lymphatics. 
Lymphenteritis, lim-fen-ter-e'tis. Enteritis with 
lymph or serous infiltration. 
Lympheurysma, lim-fu-riz'mah (lympha, eurusma, 
dilatation). Lymphangiectasis. 
Lymphitis, lim-fe'tis. Angeioleucitis; lymphangi- 
tis may be simple or virulent from chancre. 
Lymphocele, lim-fo-se'le (Eng. lim'fo-seel). Tumor 
formed by abnormal collection of lymph. 
Lymphochezia, lim-fo-kez'e-ah (lympha, chezo, to go 
to stool). Serous diarrhoea. 
Lymph'ocyte (kutos, cell). Lymph-corpuscle. 
Lymphoder'mia. Morbid condition of lymphatics 
of the skin. L. pernicio'sa, form of mycosis. 
Lymphoede'ma. (Edema from obstruction of the 
lymphatics. 
Lymph'oid (lympha, eidos, resemblance.) Lymph- 
like. L. tis'sue, adenoid tissue. 
Lymphoma, lim-fo'mah. Lymphoid tumor, Leukee- 
mic or Leucsemic tumor. Tumor composed of corpus- 
cles resembling the cell-elements of lymphatic glands, 
Adenoid tissue. L., malig'nant, Hodgkin's disease. 
Lymphoncus, lim-fon'kus (lympha, onkos, a tumor). 
Lymphangioncus. L. 1'ridis, iridauxesis. 
Lymphopyra, lim-fop'ir-ah (lympha, pur, fire, fever). 
Fever, adenomeningeal. Fever attending disease of 
the lymphatics. 
Lymphorrhagia, lim-for-rhaj'e-ah (lympha, rheg- 
numi, to break forth). Discharge of lymph from a 
lymphatic vessel owing to lesion of its coats. 
Lymphorrhcea, limf-or-rhe'ah (lympha, rheo, to flow). 
Escape of lymphatic fluid by spontaneous rupture or 
accidental wound, producing a fistulous opening of 
the lymphatic vessels. 
Lymphosarcoma, lim-fo-sar-ko'mah. Sarcomatous 
tumor of a lymphatic gland with small round cells, 
like the lymph- or white blood-corpuscles, or pus- or 
granulation-cells. Lymphadenoma or Hodgkin's dis- 
ease. 
Lymphosis, lim-fo'sis. Preparation or elaboration 
of lymph. 
Lymphostasis, lim-fos'tas-is. Stasis of lymph. 
Lymphotomy, lim-fot'o-me (lympha, tome, incision). 
Dissection of the lymphatics. 
Lymphotorrhoea, lim-fo-tor-rhe'ah. Lymphoid dis- 
charge from the ear. 
Lymph'ous. Relating to lymph. 
Lymphuria, lim-fu're-ah. Chyluria. 
Lyngodes, lin-go'dees. Affected with hiccough. L. 
fe'bris, fever accompanied with hiccough. 
Lynn wahoo'. Ulmus alata. 
655 
LYTTA 
Lynx (hiccough). Singultus or hiccough. 
Ly'pe {lupe, sadness). Despondency; melancholy. 
Lypemania, lip-e-man'e-ah. Melancholy. 
Lype'ria cro'cea {luperos, sad, from the dull color 
of the flowers). South African plant, ord. Scrophu- 
lariaceae; the flowers closely resemble saffron in smell 
and taste, and possess similar medical virtues. 
Lypothymia, lip-o-thim'e-ah {lype, thumos, the 
mind). Very great sadness. 
Lyra, le'rah {lura, lyre). The under surface of 
the posterior part of the body of the fornix is im- 
pressed with numerous transverse and oblique lines, 
which have been so called from the resemblance they 
bear to the ancient lyre. Arborescent striae in inte- 
rior of cervix uteri. Eugous interior of vagina. 
Lysia, lis'e-ah. Lysis. 
Lysimachia nummularia, lis-e-mak'e-ah num-mu- 
lar'e-ah. Creeping Loosestrife, Moneywort. Ord. Primu- 
lacese. This plant was formerly accounted vulnerary. 
It has been considered to possess antiscorbutic and 
astringent qualities, and has been used in leucorrhcea. 
L. purpu'rea, Lythrum salicaria. L. quadrifo'lia, 
Four-leaved loosestrife, Crosswort, indigenous plant, as- 
tringent ; has been used as a stomachic and antipe- 
riodic. L. thyrsiflo'ra or vulga'ris, common yellow 
loosestrife, used in diarrhoea, tuberculosis of the 
lungs, etc. 
Ly'sis {lusis, solution). Termination of disease 
which is operated insensibly ; that is, gradually and 
without critical symptoms. 
Ly'sol. Brown oleaginous liquid, having odor of 
creasote, made in preparation of creasote by dissolv- 
ing in fat and saponifying with addition of alcohol 
the portion of oil of tar which boils between 190° and 
200° C. Soluble in water; antiseptic; stronger than 
carbolic acid ; much less poisonous. Used chiefly in 
gynaecology and dermatology. 
Lys'sa. Hydrophobia. L. cani'na, hydrophobia. 
Lyssas, lis'sas. One affected with mania. 
Lysseter, lis-se'ter. One affected with mania. 
Lys'si {lussa, hydrophobia). Pustules or vesicles 
near the fraenum of the tongue, seen in early period 
of hydrophobia. 
Lys'sicus. Pertaining to hydrophobia. 
Lyssine, lis'seen {lussa, hydrophobia). Term for 
the specific zymotic principle of hydrophobia. 
Lyssinosis, lis-sin-o'sis. Inflammation of the lungs 
from inhalation of fine fibres of cotton. 
Lyssodectus, lis-so-dek'tus {lyssa, deko, to bite). 
One bitten by a mad dog or actually laboring under 
hydrophobia. 
Lyssodegma, lis-so-deg'mah. Bite of a mad dog. 
Lyssodex'is. Bite of a mad dog. 
Lyssoi'des. Like rabies. 
Lyssopho'bia (phobos). Morbid fear of hydrophobia. 
Lyte'rios {luterios, dissolving). Epithet given to 
signs which announce the solution of a violent disease. 
Lythrum, lith'rum (luthron, blood and dust, on ac- 
count of the color of the flowers of some species). 
Plant, ord. Lythracese; astringent and demulcent. L. 
ala'tum, milk-willow; leaves are used in Mexico m 
poultices and for cancerous ulcers. L. album and L. 
lanceolatum are similarly employed; Lythrum sali- 
caria. L. hyssopifo'lia, Lythrum salicaria. L. sali- 
ca'ria, Common or Purple willow herb, Loosestrife, ord. 
Lythracese; herb, root, and flowers possess a consid- 
erable degree of astringency, and are used, occasion- 
ally, in the cure of diarrhcea and dysentery, leucor- 
rhcea, haemoptysis, etc. L. hyssopifolia and L. alatum, 
indigenous, have similar properties. 
Lyt'ta {luttao, to be mad). Insect, ord. Coleoptera. 
Coleopterous insect, a number of species of which 
are used for blistering purposes. L. cseru'lea, see 
Cantharis. L. gi'gas, vesicating beetle. L. gi'gas 
mas, see Cantharis. L. ru'ficeps, see Cantharis. L. 
ru'fipes, class Insecta, ord. Coleoptera; variety of 
lytta peculiar to Chili, more active as a vesicant than 
the cantharis or the Lytta vittata. L. seg'etum, 
see Cantharis. L. vesicato'ria, cantharis. L. vitta'ta, 
Potato fly; four species of Meloe that blister are found 
in the United States. M 
656 
MACRODACTYLUS 
M. 
M. This letter signifies, in prescriptions, minim, 
manipulus, a handful, and Misce, ' mix; ' also myopia. 
See Abbreviation. 
M. a. Abbv. for metre-angle. 
Ma. Abbv. for milliampere. 
Maagoni. Swietenia mahogani. 
Mac. Abbv. for macera, macerate. 
Macahalef. See Calaf. 
Maca'ja but'ter. Oil product of seeds of Cocos 
aculeata. 
Macapatli. Smilax sarsaparilla. 
Macaro'ni. Paste moulded in cylindrical shape, 
and formed of rice or wheaten flour; eaten, when 
boiled, in soup; prepared with cheese, etc. See Tur- 
undee Italicse. 
Macau'la. Contagious disease with eruption on the 
skin and mucous membranes, resembling tubercular 
syphilide. 
Mace, mas. See Myristica moschata. M. reed, Ty- 
pha latifolia. 
Macedonisium, mas-e-do-nis'e-um (Macedonia). 
Smyrnium olusatrum. 
Macene. CioHis. Active principle of mace. 
Macer, mah'ser (lean). Gracilis. 
Maceration, mas-e-ra'shun (macero, to soften by 
water). Operation consisting in infusing, without 
heat, a solid substance in a liquid, so as to extract its 
virtues. 
Maceratum, mas-er-at'um. Product of maceration. 
Macerona, mas-er-o'nah. Smyrnium olusatrum. 
Macescere, mah-ses'er-e. Emaciate. 
Macew'en's operations. 1. Procedure for rectifi- 
cation of knock-knee, consisting of section through 
femoral shaft above the condyles. 2. Radical cure of 
inguinal hernia by forming pad of sac, with which 
the internal ring is closed. 
Machaera, mak-e'rah. Knife; penis. 
Machaeridion, mak-e-rid'e-on. Machaerion. 
Machaerion, mak-e're-on (machaira, sword, mache, a 
fight). Knife; amputating knife. 
Machaeris, mak-e'ris (machairis). Knife; razor. 
Machabnia (mak-ah-o'ne-ah) or Machad'nica ars 
(called after Machaon). The healing art. 
Machab'nian. Pertaining to a physician. 
Machinal, mak'e-nal (mechane, a contrivance). Epi- 
thet added especially by French writers to the word 
movement, to express that the will takes no part in it. 
Machine, mah-sheen'. Compound instrument or 
arrangement for putting a body in motion. 
Machlosyne, mak-los'e-ne (machlos, unchaste). 
Nymphomania. 
Machlo'tes. Nymphomania. 
Macles, mah'se-ees. Atrophy, emaciation. M. in- 
fan'tum, tabes mesenterica. 
Macilentus, mas-e-len'tus (maceo, to be lean). 
Gracilis. 
MacIntyre's splint. Splint applied posteriorly for 
fracture of the leg in method by suspension. 
Macis, mah'sis. See Myristica moschata. 
Macley'ine. Alkaloid from Macleya cordata of 
China and Japan. C20H19NO5. 
Macrantrus, mak-ran'trus. Term applied to skulls 
in which a vertical line falling on radius fixus from 
most prominent part of torus frontalis falls in front 
of that dropped from nasion by 4 to 9 mm. 
Macrauchen, mak-rau'ken (macro, auchen, neck). 
Having a long neck. 
Macrencephalus, mak-ren-sef'al-us. Term applied 
to skulls in which angle between lines projected from 
hormion to nasion and inion is from 156.5° to 170°. 
Macrencranus, mak-ren-kra'nus. Term applied 
to skulls having a large cerebellar sector (20° to 
27.50°). 
Macritas (mak're-tas) or Macritudo, mak-re-tu'do 
(maceo, to be lean). Emaciation. 
Macro, mak'ro (makros, long). In composition, 
long. 
Macro-angiosis, mak'ro-an-je-o'sis (macro, angeion, 
vessel). Congenitally large blood-vessels of a limb. 
Macrobiosis, mak-ro-be'o-sis (macro, bios, life). 
Longevity. 
Macrobiotes, mak-ro-be'o-tees. Longevity. 
Macrobiotic, mak-ro-be-ot'ik. Of long life. Macro- 
biotics is the macrobiotic art or art of long living. 
Macrobiotus (mak-ro-be'o-tus) or Macrobius, mak- 
ro'be-us (makrobios). Macrobiotic. 
Macrocarpin, mak-ro-karp'in. Neutral principle 
derived from root of Thalictrum macrocarpum. 
Macrocephalia, mak-ro-sef-al'e-ah (macro, kephale, 
head). Condition in which the head is unusually 
large, as at birth, rendering labor difficult. 
Macrocephalic, mak-ro-sef-al'ik (macro, kephale, 
head). Having a large head. 
Macrocephalous, mak-ro-sef'al-us (makros, large, 
kephale, head). Affected with macrocephalia. 
Macrocephalus, mak-ro-sef'al-us (one who has a 
large head). Epithet given to children born with 
heads so large that they seem to be hydrocephalic, 
but in which the unusual development is owing to 
the large size of the brain. Term also applied by 
Hippocrates to certain Asiatics with long heads. See 
Capitones. 
Macrocephaly, mak-ro-sef'al-e. Macrocephalia. 
Macrochasmus, mak-ro-kaz'mus. Term given by 
Lissauer to skulls with an angle of between 94° and 
114°. 
Macrocheilia, mak-ro-ki'le-ah macro, cheilos, lip). 
Preternaturally large lips. 
Macrochlria (mak-ro-ki're-ah) or Macrochei'ria 
(macro, cheir, hand). Excessive development of the 
hands. 
Macrocladus, mak-rok'lad-us (makros, large, klados, 
branch). Wild cabbage-palm, the young leaves of the 
tops of which are edible. 
Macrocnemlus, mak-ro-na'me-us (makros, large, 
kneme, leg). Possessing long legs. 
Macrocnemum, mak-ro-na'mum (makros, long, kne- 
me, interspace between two knots). Genus of the 
Cinchonese. M. cinchonoi'des, species growing in 
Peru. M. corymbo'sum, Condaminea corymbosa. 
M. Humboldtia'num, Cascarilla peluda, found in the 
Andes of Peru; bark is reputed to be febrifuge. 
M. ros'eum, species growing in the Andes; bark has 
astringent properties. M. tincto'rum, Condaminea 
tinctoria. 
Macrocolia, mak-ro-ko'le-ah (macro, kolon, limb). 
Large limbs in general. 
Macrocolous, mak-ro-ko'lus. Having long legs. 
Macrocornea, mak-ro-kor'ne-ah. Large cornea. 
Macrocosm, mak'ro-kozm (macro, kosmos, world). 
The. universe. 
Macrocosmic, mak-ro-koz'mic. Pertaining to mac- 
rocosm. 
Macrocosmology, mak-ro-koz-mol'o-je (mafcrofcos- 
mos, macrocosm, logos, doctrine). Science of macro- 
cosm ; also mineralogy. 
Macrocos'mus. Macrocosm. 
Macrocytes, mak'ro-sites (macro, kutos, cell). Giant 
blood-corpuscles. 
Macrocythae'mia (makros, large, kutos, cell, haima, 
blood). Condition in which there is augmentation 
of the dimensions of the red corpuscles of the blood. 
Macrocyto'sis (same etymon). Condition in which 
the red corpuscles are increased in size, becoming 
macrocytes. 
Macrodactylia, mak-ro-dak-til'e-ah Condition in 
which the fingers and toes are abnormally long or 
hypertrophied. 
Macrodactylus, mak-ro-dak'til-us (macro, daktulos, 
finger). Long-fingered. MACRODONT 
Macrodont, mak'ro-dont (makros, large, odous, tooth). 
Having large teeth. 
Macrogaster platypus, mak-ro-gas'ter plat'e-pus 
(macro, gaster, belly, platypus, flat-footed). Acarus fol- 
liculorum. 
Macrogastrous, mak-ro-gas'trus. Having a large 
stomach. 
Macrogenious, mak-ro-jen'e-us (makros, long, genei- 
on, chin). Possessing a long lower jaw. 
Macroglossa (mak-ro-glos'sah) or Macroglos'sia 
(macro, glossa, tongue). Large-tongued. See Paraglossa. 
Macroglossus, mak-ro-glos'sus. One having a large 
tongue. See Paraglossa. 
Macromaniacal, mak-ro-man-i'a-k'l (makros, large, 
mania). Affected with a delusion in which the ob- 
jects appear larger than in reality. 
Macromelia, mak-ro-mel'e-ah (macro, melos, limb). 
Excessive size of a limb. 
Macrom'elus. One affected with macromelia. 
Macromere, mak' ro - mere (macro, meros, part). 
Large cell in ova of certain animals. M., ante'rior, 
macromere in ovum which is to form either the 
cephalic or anterior extremity of the embryo. 
Macronosiaa, mak-ro-nos'e-e (macro, nosos, disease). 
Chronic disease. 
Macropanencephalous, mak-ro-pan-en-sef'al-us 
(pan, enkephalos). Large size and extra development 
of the whole head. 
Macrophage, mak'ro-faj (macro, phago, to eat). 
Phagocyte composed of a large cell with one nucleus; 
the microphages are absorbed by the macrophages. 
Macrophagus, mak-rof'ag-us (macro, phago). See 
Phagocyte. 
Macrophallus, mak-ro-fal'lus (macro, phallos, male 
organ). Large size of the male organ. 
Macrophonus, mak-ro-fo'nus (macro, phone, voice). 
One with a strong voice. 
Macrophthalmus, mak-rof-thal'mus (macro, oph- 
thalmos, eye). Having large eyes. 
Macrophysocephalus, mak-ro-fiz-o-sef'al-us (macro, 
phusa, air, kephale, head). Caput succedaneum, a 
tumefied condition of the child's scalp in labor. 
Macrop'ia. See Macropsia. 
Macropiper, mak-rop'e-per (macro, peperi, pepper). 
Piper longum. M. excel'sum, Piper excelsum. M. 
latifo'lium, Piper methysticum. 
Macropneuma (mak-ro-nu'mah) or Macropnoea, 
mak-ro-ne'ah (makros, long, pneuma, breathing). Deep 
breathing. 
Macropnoos (mak-ro'no-os) or Macropnus, mak- 
Top'nus (makros, long, pnoe, deep breathing). Slow 
breathing. 
Macropnus, mak-rop'nus. Long-breathed; one 
who breathes slowly. 
Macropodia, mak-ro-pod'e-ah (makros, large, pous, 
foot). Condition in which the feet are abnormally 
developed. 
Macropodus, mak-rop'o-dus (macro, pous, foot). One 
possessing large feet. 
Macropous or Macropus, mak'ro-pus. Macropodus. 
Macroprosopia, mak-ro-pros-o'pe-ah (macro, pro- 
sopon, face). Monstrosity with excessive size of face. 
Macrop'sia. Vision in which objects appear to be 
too large. 
Macror, mak'ror. Emaciation. 
Macrorrhis, mak-ror'is (macro, rhis, nose). Long- 
nosed. 
Macrosceles, mak-ros'e-lees (macro, skelos, leg). 
Long-legged. 
Macroscelia, mak-ro-sel'e-ah. Condition in which 
the legs are abnormally developed. 
Macroscope, mak'ro-skope (macro, skopeo, to see). 
Instrument for increasing apparent size of objects. 
Macroscopic, mak-ro-skop'ik. Implying natural or 
enlarged appearance, in contrast with the microscopic. 
Macrosiae, mak-ro'se-e (makros, long). Chronic 
diseases. 
Macrosis, mak-ro'sis. Augmented in size. 
Macrosmatic, mak-roz-mat'ik (macro, osmetos, odor- 
ous). Possessing olfactory organs in a highly devel- 
oped state. 
657 
MADAROTIC 
Macrosomatia, mak-ro-so-mah'she-a (macro, soma, 
body). See Giant. 
Macrosomatous, mak-ro-so'ma-tus. Giant-like; 
large-bodied. 
Macrosomia, mak-ro-so'me-ah. See Giant. 
Macrostoma, mak-ros'to-mah (macro, stoma, mouth). 
Congenital fissure of the lip at the angle of the 
mouth. 
Macrostomatus, mak-ro-stom'at-us. Pertaining to 
macrostomia. 
Macrostomia, mak-ro-stom'e-ah (makros, large, sto- 
ma, mouth). Condition characterized by abnormal 
development of the mouth. 
Macrosyphilionthus, mak-ro-sif-il-e-onth'us (mak- 
ros, large, syphilis, ionthos, eruption on the face). 
Large syphilitic macula. 
Macrotarsous, mak-ro-tar'sus {macro, tarsus). Pos- 
sessing long tarsi. 
Macrotes, mak-ro'tees (macro, ous, ear). One with 
long ears. 
Macrotia, mak-ro'te-ah. Preternaturally large or 
long ears. 
Macrotin, mak'ro-tin. Resinous extract of Cimi- 
cifuga racemosa. 
Macrotys racemosa, mak-ro'tis ras-e-mo'sah. Actsea 
racemosa. 
Macula, mak'u-lah. Spot; permanent discoloration 
of some portion of the skin, often with a change of 
its texture. Ephelis, Nievus, Spilus, etc. belong to the 
maculae. See also Molecule. The term Macula is also 
applied by Trousseau to a modification in the vascu- 
larity of the skin, an important symptom in cerebral 
fever, Cerebral or Meningeal macula, the skin being 
diffused with a bright-red tint wherever it may be 
pressed upon. M. acus'tica, nearly circular spot on 
the wall of the utriculus of the ear where the branch 
of the nervus acusticus reaches it. M. al'ba or al'bida, 
leucodenna. M. arcua'ta, arcus senilis. M. argente'a, 
see Argenti nitras. M. au'rea, see Foramen centrale 
retinse. M., cer'ebral, see Macula. M. cor'neae, ca- 
ligo. M. cor'neae arcua'ta, see Gerotoxon. M. cor'- 
nese margarita'cea, cicatrix on transparent part of 
the eye. M. emortua'lls, see Suggillation. M. fla'va, 
see Foramen centrale retinse. M. fus'ca, ephelides. M. 
germlnat'iva, see Molecule. M., ger'minous, macula 
germinativa. M. hepat'ica, chloasma naevus. M. 
lenticula'ris, ephelides. M. lu'tea ret'inae, see Fora- 
men centrale. M. matrica'lis, naevus. M. matri'cis, 
naevus. M., meninge'al, see Macula. M. ni'gra, see 
Optic nerve. M. orlgina'lis, naevus. M. rubo'sa, 
cloudiness of the retina. M. semipelluci'da, caligo. 
M. sola'ris, ephelides. M. syphilit'ica, peculiar stain 
remaining after syphilitic roseola. 
Mac'ulse al'bse. White spots seen on serous mem- 
branes, especially on that investing the heart. M. 
an'te oc'ulos volitan'tes, metamorphopsia. M. 
cseru'lese, discolorations occurring sometimes on the 
skin after pediculosis corporis. M. cribro'sae, see 
Auditory canal, internal. M. gangrseno'sse, mac- 
ules due to gangrene in its incipiency. M. in- 
cer'ti color'is, term applied by Plenck to naevus, 
artificial cutaneous discolorations, and to oily 
seborrhoea. M. lac'teae, M. albae. M. tendin'ese, 
strophulus. 
Mac'ular or Maculate, mak'u-late. Spotted. 
Maculatlon, mak-u-la'shun. Formation of macules. 
Maculicol'lis, mak-u-le-kol'lis (macula, spot, collum, 
neck). Hairy spots on the neck. 
Maculiform, mak'u-le-form. Resembling macula. 
Maculose, mak'u-lose. Spotted. 
Maculous, mak'u-lus. Spotted. 
Mad. Insane. M. apple plant, Solanum melon- 
gena. M. doc'tor, psychiater. M., horn, see Mania. 
M. itch, parasitic cattle disease characterized by ex- 
cessive itching. M., ra'ving, see Mania. M., stark, 
see Mania. 
Ma'dar. Mudar. 
Madarosis (mad-ar-o'sis) or Madaro'tes (madao, to 
be bald). Loss of hair, particularly of the eye- 
lashes. 
Madarotic, mad-ar-ot'ik. Relating to madarosis. MADAROUS 
Madarous, mad'ar-ous (madoroo, to make bald). 
Suffering from madarosis. 
Mad'der, dy'er's. Rubia. 
Madefaction, mad-e-fak'shun. Process of wetting. 
Madelcon, mad-el'kon. Bdellium. 
Madema, mad-a'mab (madao, to be bald). Mada- 
rosis. 
Madescent, mad-es'sent. Giving off moisture. 
Madesis, mad-a'sis (madao, to be bald). Depilation ; 
loss of hair. 
Madia, mad'e-ah. Genus of herbs of the Helian- 
thoideae. M. oil, oil from seed of Media sativa. M. 
sati'va, oil plant; grows in certain parts of California 
and Chile ; an oil is obtained from the seeds. 
Madisis, mad'is-is. Depilation; loss of hair. 
Madisterium (mad-is-ta're-um) or Madiste'rion 
(madizo, to make bald). Tweezers for extracting 
hairs. 
Madness. Insanity. M., canine', hydrophobia. 
M., demen'tial, dementia. M., drunk'ard's, delirium 
tremens. M., mani'acal, mania. M., melanchol'ic, 
melancholia. M., monomani'acal, monomania. M., 
ra'ving or fu'rious, mania. 
Mador. Moisture ; cold sweat. 
Madorius, mad-o're-us. Mudar. 
Madras' turmeric, tur'mer-ik. Coloring matter 
of vegetable origin. 
Madu'ra foot. Mycetoma. 
Mad'weed. Scutellaria lateriflora. 
Mad'wort. Camelina sativa; vermifuge. 
Maea (maid). Midwife. 
Maeeleutherosis, me-el-u-ther-o'sis (maia, midwife, 
eleutherosis, freeing). The act of being delivered by 
a midwife. 
Mseeum'a. See Parturition. 
Mseeusiomania, me-u-se-o-man'e-ah (maieusis, par- 
turition, mania). Puerperal mania. 
Maeeusiphobia, me-u-se-fo'be-ah (maieusis, phobos, 
fear), fear of childbirth. 
Mae enter (me-u'tur) or Maeeutes, me-u'tees. Ac- 
coucheur. 
Maeeutic, me-u'tik. Relating to obstetrics. 
Maeeu'tica ars. Obstetrics. 
Maeeutric, me-u'trik. Relating to a midwife or 
obstetrics. 
Maeia, me-e'ah. Obstetrics. 
Maenas, me'nas. Fury; type of mania. 
Maesa (me-a'sah) pic'ta. Abyssinian tree; anthel- 
mintic. 
Maeusis, me-u'sis. Parturition. 
Maeutria, me-u'tre-ah. Midwife. 
Mafoutra. Tree of Madagascar; fruit possesses 
astringent qualities. 
Magdalia (mag-dal'eah), or Magdal'eon, or Mag'- 
dalis (masso, to knead, crumb of bread). Medicine as 
a pill, formed of bread; roll of plaster. 
Magendie's (mah-zhon'de's) fora'men. Foramen of 
communication between subarachnoid space and 
fourth ventricle. M.'s solution, solution of morphia ; 
strength, 16 grs. to fluidounce of water. 
Magenta, ma-jen'tah. Red aniline stain. 
Mag'got. Larva of insect. M. pim'ple, see Acne. 
Magisterium, ma-jis-ter'e-um. Magistery. M. bis- 
mu'thi, bismuth subnitrate. M. jalap'se, resin of 
jalap. M. marcasi'tse, bismuth subnitrate. M. 
plum'bi, plumbi subcarbonas. M. sul'phuris, sul- 
phur lotum. M. tar'tari pur'gans, potassii acetas. 
Magistery, maj'is-ter-e (magister, master). Precip- 
itates from saline solutions were formerly so called. 
Other medicines, the preparation of which was kept 
secret. M. of bismuth, bismuth subnitrate. 
Magistral, maj-is'tral. Extemporaneous. Prescrip- 
tion so called-Formula magistralis or extemporanea- 
which is prepared extemporaneously; an officinal 
prescription-Formula officinalis-being such as has 
been prepared for some time before it is prescribed. 
Magistrantia, maj-is-tran'she-ah (magister, master). 
Imperatoria. 
Magma, mag'mah. Thick residuum, obtained after 
expressing certain substances to extract the fluid 
parts from them ; salve of certain consistence. M, 
658 
MAGNESII 
reticula'tum, reticulated magma; the gelatiniform 
substance found between the chorion and amnion in 
the early period of embryonic existence. 
Mag'nes. Magnet. M. arsenica'lis (sulphur, 
white arsenic, and common antimony, of each equal 
parts. Mix by fusion). Corrosive. See Magnetic 
plaster. M. epilep'sise, hydrargyri sulphuretum 
rubrum. 
Magnesia, mag-ne'ze-ah. Alkaline earth whose me- 
tallic base is magnesium. Calcined magnesia, Oxide of 
magnesium. Is inodorous; in the form of a white, light, 
spongy powder; s. g. 2.3, requiring 2000 times its weight 
of water for solution; is antacid and laxative; dose gr. 
xto3j- M., ac'etate of, magnesii acetas. M. aerat'a, 
magnesii carbonas. M. alba, M. carbonas. M. cal- 
cinat'a, M. usta. M., car'bonate of, magnesii car- 
bonas. M. chlo'rinated, solution of, not caustic, and 
therefore, for internal use or as an application to 
delicate tissues, preferable to chlorinated lime or 
chlorinated soda. M., ci'trate of, magnesii citras. 
M., Din'neford's, see Magnesia, fluid. M. Edinburg- 
en'sis, M. carbonas. M., efferves'cing (magnes. carb., 
M. sulphat., sodae bicarbon., acid, tartaric., aa partes 
aequales; to be pulverized, well dried, mixed, and 
inclosed in bottles hermetically sealed); dose a tea- 
spoonful in half a tumbler of water, drunk in a state 
of effervescence. M., fluid, Liquor magnesiee carbonatis, 
preparation in Ph. Br., consisting of a solution of 
carbonate of magnesia in carbonated water. It is 
also termed Carbonated magnesia water, Aerated mag- 
nesia water, Solution of carbonate of magnesia, and Con- 
densed solution of magnesia. M. le'vis (Ph. Br.), Light 
magnesia ; made by calcining light carbonate of mag- 
nesia ; dose gr. x to lx; see Magnesite carbonas. M. 
mi'tis, magnesia? carbonas. M., mu'riate of, magnesii 
chloridum. M. ni'gra, manganese, black oxide of. 
M. opali'na, mixture of antimony, potassium nitrate, 
and sodium chloride; emetic. M. pondero'sa (Ph. 
U. S.), heavy magnesia; prepared like light magnesia, 
the heavy carbonate of magnesium being used; both 
have the same therapeutic action. M. sa'lis ama'ri, 
magnesia carbonas. M. sa'lis Ebsdamen'sis, magne- 
siee carbonas. M. Satur'ni, antimonium. M. and so'- 
da, sulphate of, see Soda, sulphate of. M., solu'- 
tion of, condensed, M. fluid. M., subcar'bonate of, 
magnesias carbonas. M., subcar'bonate of, hy'drated, 
magnesiae carbonas. M., sul'phate of, magnesiae sul- 
phas. M., sulphocar'bolate of, see Sulphocarbolate. 
M. ter'ra, magnesia. M. us'ta, magnesia. M. vit- 
riola'ta, magnesiae sulphas. 
Magne'siae ace'tas. Acetate of magnesia. This salt 
is prepared by saturating carbonate of magnesia with 
acetic acid. It is of a syrupy consistence, and about 
four ounces is a dose. It acts like citrate of magne- 
sium. M. carbo'nas or subcarbo'nas, Magnesii car- 
bonas (Ph. U. S.), Carbonate of magnesium. Is inodor- 
ous, light, white, spongy, effervescing with acids, 
insoluble in water; antacid and laxative. M. 
cl'tras, Citrate of magnesia; saline preparation 
formed by saturating a solution of citric acid with 
magnesia or its carbonate; dose, an ounce. Agreeable 
magnesic solution, mildly laxative in dose of a half 
pint; L. magnesii citratis (Ph. U. S.), Solution of citrate 
of magnesium, Solution of citrate of magnesia. M. 
hypocarbo'nas, M. carbonas. M. subcarbo'nas, 
M. carbonas. M. sul'phas, MgSoiJHsO, Magnesii 
sulphas (Ph. U. S.), Sulphas magnesiie purificata, Sul- 
phate of magnesia, Sulphate of magnesium, Epsom salt; 
its taste is bittei' and disagreeable; is purgative and 
diuretic; dose, as a cathartic, M. sul'- 
phis (Ph. U. S.), sulphite of magnesium, MgSos.CIhO, 
prepared by double decomposition between magnesium 
sulphate and neutral sodium sulphite ; dose, gr. xv- 
xxx; it has the same properties as the other sulphites. 
M. vitrlol'icum, magnesite sulphas. 
Magnesian (mag-ne'ze-an) lemonade'. Magnesias 
citras. 
Magnesii carbonas, mag-ne'se-e kar-bo'nas. Mag- 
nesiae carbonas. M. chlo'ridum, Chloride of Magne- 
sium, bitter deliquescent salt, cholagogue cathartic in 
the dose of half an ounce to the adult. IM, ci'tras M AGN ESIO-EFFERVESCENS 
granula'tus (Ph. U. S.); (made by adding together 
carbonate of magnesium, citric acid, bicarbonate of 
sodium, sugar, alcohol, and distilled water); dose, one 
or two teaspoonfuls as laxative or cathartic, but gen- 
erally given in the officinal solution; see Liquor 
magnesii citratis. M. sul'phas, magnesias sulphas. 
Magnesio-effervescens, mag-ne'ze-o ef-fur-ves'sens. 
Containing magnesia and being effervescent. 
Magne'sio-fer'ric ci'trate. Medicinal salt of in- 
ferior value. 
Magnesite, mag'ne-zite. Native magnesium car- 
bonate. 
Magnesium, mag-ne'ze-um. See Magnesia. M., 
car'bonate of, magnesii carbonas. M., chlo'ride of, 
magnesii chloridum. M. ci'trate, magnesii citras. 
M., ox'ide of, magnesia usta. M. sal'icylate, used 
in typhoid fever as antiseptic and slightly laxative. 
M., sul'phate of, magnesii sulphas. 
Mag'net. The loadstone. Native ferric oxide; also 
name of iron possessing magnetic powers. In phar- 
macy it is used to purify iron filings. M., electro-, 
magnet capable of exerting magnetic force only while 
influenced by an electric current. M., Gruening's, 
magnet employed for the purpose of removing par- 
ticles of steel from the eye. 
Magne'tes. Magnet. 
Magnetic, mag-net'ik. Relating to magnetism. 
M. flu'id, a name given to the imponderable fluid to 
which the magnet owes its virtues; see Magnetism, 
animal; mesmerism. 
Magnetico-electricity, mag-net'e-co-el-ek-tris'it-e. 
See Electromagnetism. 
Magnetinus, mag-net-e'nus. Potass® supertartras 
impurus. 
Magnetism (mag'net-izm), an'imal. Mesmerism. 
Highly impressible persons can be thrown into a kind 
of magnetic sleep designated hypnotism or mesmerism. 
See Hypnotism. 
Mag'netite. Native iron oxide possessing magnetic 
properties. 
Magnetization, mag-net-i-za'shun. Mesmerization. 
Magnetized, mag'net-iz-ed. Mesmerized. 
Magnetizer, mag-net-i'zer. Mesmerizer. 
Magnetograph, mag-net'o-graf (magnes, magnet, 
grapho, to write). Instrument for recording intensity 
of magnetic force. 
Magneto-induction, mag-net' o-in-duk'shun. In- 
duced current produced by surrounding magnet with 
a coil of wire. 
Magnetometer, mag-net-om'e-tur. Instrument for 
determining intensity of magnetic force. 
Magneto-optic, mag-net'o-op'tik. Relating to mag- 
netism and light. 
Magnetotherapy, mag-net-o-ther'a-pe. Application 
of magnetism to the treatment of disease, as chorea, 
neuralgia, or hysteria. 
Magnicaudatus, mag-ne-kawd-at'us (magnus, cauda, 
tail). Long-tailed. 
Magniduc'tor. Adductor femoris magnus. 
Magnitis, mag-ne'tis. Magnet. 
Magnitude corporis, mag-ne-tu'do kor'po-ris (size 
of the body). Stature. M. gigante'a, see Giant. 
Magn'oc. Jatropha manihot 
Magnolia fragrans, mag-no'le-ah fra'grans. Mag- 
nolia glauca. M. glauc'a, Small magnolia, Swamp sas- 
safras, Elk bark, Indian bark, White laurel, Sweet bay, 
Beaver wood, Beaver tree, White bay, Castor bay, Sweet or 
Laurel magnolia, ord. Magnoliacae. The bark is pos- 
sessed of tonic properties resembling those of casca- 
rilla, canella, etc. The same may be said of the Mag- 
nolia tripetala or Umbrella, Umbrella tree; the M. acu- 
minata or Cucumber tree, the M. grandiflora and M. 
macrophylla, Laurel, Elkwood, Silverleaf, Big leaf, White 
bay, Beaver-tree, Elk bark, Big bloom. Magnolia (Ph. U. S.) 
is the bark of Magnolia glauca, M. acuminata, and AT. 
iripeiaZa. 
Magnolin, mag-no'lin. Active crystalline principle 
of Magnolia tripetala. 
Magnum Dei donum, mag'num da'e do'num (great 
gift of God). Cinchona. M. os (great bone), the 
third bone of the lower row of the carpus, reckoning 
659 
MA LA BATH RUM 
from the thumb; the largest bone of the carpus, also 
called Os capitulum. 
Maguey, mah-gwe'. Agave Americana. 
Mahagoni, ma-hag'o-ne. Swietenia mahogani. 
Mahamurree. Pali plague. 
Mahmou'dy. Convolvulus scammonia. 
Mahoe. Arbutilon Indicum. 
Mahogany, ma-hog'a-ne. Gymnocladus Canaden- 
sis. M., mountain, Betula lenta. M. tree, Swietenia 
mahogani. 
Maho'nia aquifo'lia. Berberis aquifolium. M. 
champa'ca, Michelia champaca. 
Mahu'ra. Covolam. 
Maia, mi'ah. Mseeia. 
Maialic acid, mi-al'ik as'id. Acid derived from 
Convallaria maialis. 
Maialine, mi'al-een. Alkaloid, identical with con- 
vallamarin, obtained from Convallaria maialis. 
Maianthemum, mi-an'the-mum (Maius, May, an- 
themon, flower). Convallaria maialis. 
Mai'denhair. M., American, Adiantum pedan- 
tum. M., Can'ada, Adiantum pedantum. M.. com'- 
mon, Asplenium trichomanoides. M., golden, polytri- 
chum. M., white, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
Mai'denhead. Virginity. 
Maid-of-the-mead'ow. Spiraea ulmaria. 
Maieia, mi-i'ah. Obstetrics. 
Maier's (mi'urs) si'nus. Occasionally existent di- 
verticulum of lacrymal sac receiving lacrymal ducts. 
Maieuma, mi-u'mah. Parturition. 
Maieusis, mi-u'sis. Parturition. 
Maieuter, mi-u'ter. Accoucheur. 
Maieutes, mi-u'tees. Accoucheur. 
Maieutica (mi-u'te-kah) ars (techne, art of mid- 
wifery). Obstetrics. 
Maieutical, mi-u'te-kal. Obstetrical. 
Maihem, ma'hem. Mayhem. 
Mail-ratour. Decoction of leaves of this plant is 
used by the East Indians in dysentery. 
Maiming. Mayhem. 
Mains. Instrument used in obstetrics, consisting 
of two spoons without fenestrse, mounted on wooden 
handles, the branches united by a steel bride. 
Mairania uva ursi, mi-ran'e-ah u'vah ur'se (mairo, 
to shine-the leaves). Arbutus uva ursi. 
Maize, maze. Zea mays. M., Jap'anese, Zea 
Japonica. M., water, Victoria regia. 
Maize'na. See Zea mays. 
Majan'themum. Maianthemum. 
Major helicis, ma'jor hel'e-sis (larger muscle of 
helix). Narrow band of muscular fibres situate upon 
the anterior border of the helix of the ear, just above 
the tragus. 
Ma'joram. Marjoram. 
Majorana, maj-o-ran'ah. Origanum majorana. M. 
horten'sis, Origanum majorana. M. Syri'aca, Teuc- 
rium marum. 
Makiah. The small leaves of Cannabis sativa. 
Makrocephalus, mak-ro-sef 'al-us. Macrocephalus. 
Makrocythse'mia (macro, kutos, haima). State of 
blood characterized by preternaturally large red 
disks. 
Makropsla. Apparent increase in dimensions of 
objects due to change in the retina. 
Mai (evil, injury). Any pain or suffering; usually 
implies epilepsy. M. de la Baie de Saint Paul (dis- 
ease of the Bay of Saint Paul). Mai Anglais, Mai de 
chien, Mai de Chicot, Mai des eboulements, Ottoway dis- 
ease. A syphiloid affection which prevailed in Canada 
from 1760 to 1780 and upward M. de Laira, Bark- 
ing disease, an epidemic hysteroidal affection, a form 
of theomania which prevailed in several convents 
of Germany and elsewhere in the seventeenth cen- 
tury. M. de mer, seasickness. 
Ma'la (malum, apple). Malar bone; cheek. M. 
au'rea, see Citrus aurantium. 
Mal'abar itch. Disease due to scabies ferox. 
Malabathrinum, mal-ab-ath're-num. Ancient name 
of an ointment and a wine, into which malabathrum 
entered. 
Malabathrum, mal-ab-ath'rum (malabathron). Cad- MALACATURON 
eji-Iddi. Leaves of a tree of the East Indies. Are 
believed to be a species of laurel. Oleum Malabathri 
is obtained from it. 
Malacaturon, mal-ac-at'u-ron. Tree native of the 
Philippines; its sap is employed in dysentery, etc. 
Malaccse radix, mal-ak'ke rad'iks (Malacca root). 
Sagittarium alexipharmacum. 
Malache, mal'ak-e. Malva rotundifolia. 
Malachite, mal'a-kite {malache, mallow). Native 
green carbonate of copper. 
Malachra (mal-ak'rah) capita'ta. Leaves of this 
species are employed as an anthelmintic. 
Malacia, mal-ah'se-ah {malakos, effeminate). De- 
pravation of taste, in which an almost universal 
loathing is combined with an exclusive longing for 
some particular article of food. If the patient desires 
substances that are noxious or not eatable, it consti- 
tutes Pica, Depraved appetite. These symptoms accom- 
pany several nervous affections-those of females in 
particular. In pregnancy it is common and termed 
Longing. M. Africano'rum, chthonophagia. M. am- 
phibles'troid, affection of the retina characterized by 
softening. M. cor'dis, softening of the heart from 
inflammation or as a result of lesion of the function 
of nutrition. M., vas'cular, malacia in which exces- 
sive formation of new vessels exists. 
Malacismus, mal-a-siz'mus {malakos, soft). Molli- 
fies. 
Malaco, mal'ak-o {malakos, soft). In composition, 
soft. 
Malacocataracta, mal-a-ko-kat-ar-ak'tah {malakos, 
soft). Soft cataract. 
Malacoder'mos or Malacodermus, mal-ak-o-dur'- 
mus. Having a soft skin. 
Malacogas'ter {malaco, gaster, stomach). Gastroma- 
laxia. 
Malacoides, mal-ak-o-e'dees. Plant of Chili; in de- 
coction it is employed as a febrifuge. 
Malacoma, mal-ak-o'mah {malakos, soft, suffix oma). 
Preternatural softness of an organ or part of an organ. 
Malacophonus, mal-a-ko-fo'nus {malaco, phone, 
voice). Of soft voice. 
Malacopoea, mal-a-ko-pe'ah {malako, poieo, to make). 
Emollients. 
Malacopce'ous, mal-ak-o-pe'us. Emollient. 
Malacos, mal'ak-os. Soft. 
Malacosarcosis, mal-a-ko-sar-ko'sis {malaco, sarx, 
flesh). Softness of the muscular system. 
Malacosarcus, mal-ak-o-sark'us {malakos, soft, sarx, 
flesh). Having soft flesh. 
Malacosis, mal-ak-o'sis {malakos, soft). Preter- 
natural softness of an organ or part of an organ. M. 
cer'ebri, see Mollities cerebri. M. cor'dis, see Malacia 
cordis. M. hep'atis, softening of the liver. M. ute'- 
ri, softening of the uterus. 
Malacosteon, mal-ak-os'te-on {malaco, osteon, a bone). 
Mollities ossium. 
Malacosteosis, mal-a-kos-te-o'sis. Mollities os- 
sium. 
Malacostomous, mal-ak-os'to-mus {malakos, soft, 
stoma, mouth). Possessing soft jaws devoid of teeth. 
Malacotomy, mal-ak-ot'o-me {malakos, soft, tome, 
incision). Laparotomy. 
Malactica, mal-ak'te-kah {malakos, soft). Emolli- 
ents, relaxants. 
Malacyperoa, mal-as-ip-er-o'ah {malakos, soft, hy- 
per oa, palate). Soft palate. 
Mal'ady. Disease. M., Eng'lish, hypochondriasis. 
M. of postboys, disease observed to occur among 
mounted letter-carriers, as aneurysm of the aorta. 
Malse (mal'e) os {malum, apple, from its roundness). 
Cheek or malar bone, situate at the lateral and supe- 
rior part of the face, and constituting the zygomatic 
region of the cheek. It is irregularly quadrilateral. 
Its outer surface is convex, covered by muscles and 
skin, and pierced with canals, called malar, through 
which vessels and nerves pass. Its upper surface is 
concave, forming part of the orbit. Its posterior sur- 
face is concave, and enters into the composition of 
the temporal fossae. This bone is thick and cellular. 
It is articulated with the frontal, temporal, sphenoid, 
660 
MALGAIGNE 
and superior maxillary bones, and is developed by a 
single point of ossification. 
Malaga, mal'ag-ah. Species of wine obtained from 
Malaga, Spain. 
Malagma, mal-ag'mah (malasso, to soften). Emol- 
lient cataplasm. Every local application having the 
property of softening organic tissues. 
Malaise, mal-aze' (mal, ill, aise, ease). Indisposition. 
The feelings of discomfort preceding illness. 
Malambo (mal-am'bo) bark. Matias. 
Malamide, mal'am-eed. Asparagin. Principle found 
in asparagus and the shoots of various plants. 
Malanders, mal'an-derz. Malandria. 
Malandria, mal-an'dre-ah. Species of lepra or ele- 
phantiasis. Malanders or Mallenders, a disease of the 
horse, consists of a scurfy eruption on the inside of 
the hock or a little below it, as well as at the bend 
of the knee. It is called Mallenders in the foreleg, 
and Sallenders in the hind leg. 
Malandriosus, mal-an-dre-o'sus. Leprous. Affected 
with malandria. 
Malanea (mal-an'e-ah) verticilla'ta. Danais ro- 
tundifolia. 
Malapari or Malaparius. Tree found in the 
Moluccas; bark and root act as antidotes to some 
poisons. 
Malapraxls, mal-ah-praks'is. Malpraxis. 
Ma'lar. Belonging to the cheek, as the malar bone. 
M. pro'cess, zygomatic process. 
Malare (mal-ar'e) os. Malae os. 
Malaria, mal-a're-ah ([I.] bad air). See Miasm. 
M., bacil'lus of, see B. malarise. 
Malarial, mal-a're-al. Relating to, or connected 
with, malaria. Malarious. 
Malari-labia'lis. Zygomaticus major muscle. 
Malarioid, mal-a're-oid (malaria, eidos, resemblance). 
Resembling malaria or its effects. 
Malarious, mal-a're-us. Malarial. Owing to, or 
connected with, malaria; as malarious soil or disease. 
Malaris, mal-ar'is. Muscle constituting a part of 
the orbicularis palpebrarum. 
Malassez's disease. Cystic testicle. 
Maias similation, mal-as-sim-il-a'shun. Imperfect 
assimilation or nutrition. 
Malate (ma'late) of i'ron. Preparation made from 
the action of acidulous ripe apples on pure iron filings. 
Malaxate, mal'aks-ate (malasso, to soften). To soften 
drugs by kneading. Process is called malaxation. 
Malaxation, mal-aks-a'shun. See Malaxate. M. of 
the eye, manipulation of the eyeball following scler- 
otomy, consisting in pressure made on the eyeball 
with the fingers, thus keeping the margins of the in- 
cision separated and removing part of the aqueous 
humor. 
Malaxia ventriculi, mal-aks'e-ah ven-trick'u-le 
(malasso, to soften). Softening of the stomach. 
Malaxis, mal-aks'is (softening). Preternatural 
softness. M. cor'dis, see Cardiomalacia. M. hepat'- 
ica, accumulation of fat in secreting cells of the liver. 
Malax'is odora'ta. Native plant of the E. Indies; 
the juice is used there medicinally. 
Malay, ma-la'. See Homo. 
Malazissatus, mal-a-zis-sat'us (malasso, to soften). 
One in whom the testicles have not descended; used 
also synonymously with emasculatus. 
Malce, mal'ke (torpor from cold). Chilblain. 
Malcious, mal'she-us. Freezing. 
Malconformation, mal-kon-form-a'shun. Malform- 
ation. 
Male. Of the sex that begets young. Not female. 
What belongs to the male sex, as the male organs of 
generation. M. or'gan, penis. 
Mal'e. Axilla. 
Maleate, mal'e-ate. Salt of maleic acid. 
Maleficium, mal-e-fish'e-um (malus, bad, facto, to 
make). Poisoning. 
Malformation, mal-for-ma'shun (malus, bad, forma, 
form). Wrong formation of, or irregularity in the 
structure of, parts. See Monster. 
Malgaigne's amputa'tion. Calcaneo-astragaloid 
disarticulation, M,'s fos'sa, superior carotid trian- MALGENIC 
gle. M.'s hooks, hooks for maintaining in proper ap- 
position the fractured patella. 
Malgenic, mal-jen'ik {malum, disease, gennao, to en- 
gender). Giving rise to disease. 
Malta, mal'e-ah. See Equinia. 
Maliasmus, mal-e-az'mus. See Mails and Equinia. 
Malic (ma'lik) ac'id. Acid derived from apple; 
obtained from other fruits also. 
Mal'ice. Althaea. 
Malice (mal'is) prepense. Premeditated conclusion 
to commit crime. 
Malichorium, mal-e-ko're-um. See Punica grana- 
tum. 
Malicorium, mal-e-ko're-um {malum, apple, corium, 
skin). See Punica granatum. 
Malie, mal'e-e. Equinia. 
Maliform, mal'i-form. Resembling the shape of an 
apple. 
Malign, ma-line'. Malignant. 
Malignancy, mal-ig'nan-se. Condition of being 
malignant. The cause of malignancy is still unde- 
termined. 
Malignant, ma-lig'nant {malus, bad). Term applied 
to any disease whose symptoms are so aggravated as 
to threaten the destruction of the patient, as malig- 
nant scarlet fever, malignant pustule, etc. A disease 
of a very serious character, although it may be mild 
in appearance. 
Malingerer, ma-lin'ger-er. A simulator of disease. 
See Feigned diseases. 
Malin'gering. Simulation of disease. See Feigned 
diseases. 
Ma'lis. Cutaneous vermination. Cuticle or skin 
infested with animalcules-phtheiriasis, parasitismus 
superficiei. In Persia this affection is produced by 
the Guinea worm; in South America by the chigre ; 
and in Europe, occasionally, by the louse. See 
Equinia and Phtheiriasis. M. ac'ari, scabies. M. 
acridophago'rum, locust-eating. M. America'na, 
inflammation of the skin due to the presence of the 
chigre. M. a crinonibus, cutaneous affection in 
children, in which numerous comedones are present. 
M. dracun'culus, dracunculus. M. a ger'dia med- 
inen'si, dracunculus. M. Gor'dii, dracunculus. M. 
oest'ri, disease produced by the presence of the larvae 
of the gad-fly in the nose or external ear. In cattle 
the larvae are found under the skin. M. pedicula'ris, 
phtheiriasis. M. pedic'uli, phtheiriasis. M. praten'- 
sis, cutaneous affection due to the presence of prairie 
ticks. M. pu'licis, eruption from flea-bites. M. Tran- 
sylva'nica, disease occurring in Transylvania, accom- 
panied by rheumatism and discharge of worms from 
the region of the knees. M. Westphalien'sis, disease 
resembling scurvy, occurring in Westphalia in the 
16th century, in which the joints were affected. 
Malleable, mal'le-a-b'l. Capable of being beaten 
into thin plates. 
Mallear, mal'le-ar. Relating to the malleus. 
Malleation, mal-le-a'shun {malleus, hammer). Af- 
fection described by Morgagni and others as a form of 
chorea, characterized by constantly hammering with 
one hand on the other, or on the knee or the side. 
Flagellation. 
Malledius, mal-la'de-us. Tensor tympani. 
Malleiform, mal-le'i-form. Shaped like a hammer. 
Malleln, mal'le-in. Liquid of a yellowish color ob- 
tained from sterilized and filtered culture of bacillus 
mallei. It has been suggested to employ this fluid as 
an injection in glanders for diagnostic purposes. 
Mallenders, mal'len-derz. Malandria. 
Malleo-incudal, mal'le-o-in'ku-dal {malleus, ham- 
mer, incus, anvil). Relating to malleus and incus of 
the ear. 
Malleolar, mal'le-o-lar {malleolus). Belonging to the 
ankles. M. ar'teries are two branches furnished by 
the anterior tibial about the instep; the one-the in- 
ternal-passes transversely behind the tendon of the 
tibialis anticus to be distributed in the vicinity of the 
malleolus internus; the external glides behind the 
tendons of the extensor communis digitorum pedis 
and the peroneus brevis, and sends its branches to 
661 
MALPRACTICE 
the parts which surround the outer ankle, as well as 
to the outer region of the tarsus. 
Malleolus, mal-le'o-lus (dim. of Malleus, mallet). 
Two projections formed by the bones of the leg at 
their inferior part. The inner belongs to the tibia, 
the outer to the fibula. The ankles afford attachment 
to ligaments, and each has a sort of gutter in which 
certain tendons slide. See Malleus. 
Malleomyces, mal-le-om'is-eez {malleus, hammer, 
muces, fungus). Schizomycetes occurring in pus of 
glanders, and thought to be the etiological factor in 
that disease. 
Mallet, mal'let. Kind of hammer used with a 
gouge for removing or cutting bones in surgical and 
anatomical operations. 
Malleus, mal'le-us (mallet). Longest and outermost 
of the four small bones of the ear, situate at the outer 
part of the tympanum, and united to the mem- 
brana tympani. It has: 1. An ovoid head-caput, 
capitulum-which is articulated behind with the 
incus, and is supported by a narrow part called the 
neck-cervix. Anteriorly, a long apophysis, which 
is engaged in the glenoid fissure, and called the 
apophysis or process, processus gracilis of Ran. 
It affords attachment to the anterior or ex- 
ternus mallei muscle. 2. A handle-manubrium- 
which forms an obtuse angle with the neck, and cor- 
responds to the membrane of the tympanum, which it 
seems to draw inward. It is furnished at the upper 
extremity with a process-the processus brevis-to 
which the internus mallei is attached. M. farci- 
mino'sus, see Equinia. M. hu'midus, equinia. M., 
slen'der pro'cess of, processus gracilis of Rau; see 
Malleus. • 
Mallotus (mal-lot'us) Philippinen'sis. Rottlera 
tinctoria. 
Mal'low, com'mon. Malva. M., com'pound de- 
coc'tion of, decoctum malvse compositum. M., In'- 
dian, Abutilon Avicennse. M., wild, Malva sylves- 
tris. M., yel'low, Abutilon Avicennse. 
Malls, Rubeola. 
Malmsey, mahmz'e. Sweet wine from Madeira 
grapes. 
Malnutrition, mal-nu-trish'un. Impaired nutri- 
tion ; defective process of assimilation. 
Malobathrum, mal-o-bath'rum. Malabathrum. 
Malogranatum, mal-o-gran-at'um {malum, apple, 
granum, grain, having grainlike seeds). Pome- 
granate ; punica grana turn. 
Malonate, mal'on-ate. Salt of malonic acid. 
Malonetia (ma-lon-e'she-ah) nit'ida. South Ameri- 
can species; reputed to be contained in curare. 
Maloni bapcai. Seed of Indian plant employed as 
an external application in scabies. 
Malope malacoides, mal'o-pe mal-ak-o-e'deez. Mal- 
low-wort of Barbary. 
Malpighi (mal-pe'ghe) (famous anatomist of Italy), 
acini of. Corpora Malpighiana. M., bod'ies of, Cor- 
pora Malpighiana. M., glom'erule of, see Glomerule. 
M., pyr'amids of, see Papillee of the kidney. 
Malpighia mourella, mal-pe'ghe-ah mu-rel'lah 
(after Malpighi). Bark of this shrub, a native of 
Cayenne, reputed to be febrifuge and useful in diar- 
rhoea. M. m. crassifo'lia, Brysonia crassifolia. M. 
m. gla'bra, Barbadoes cherry; fruit is employed as a 
febrifuge, and the bark as an astringent. 
Malpighian (mal-pig'e-an) bod'ies. Corpora Malpi- 
ghiana ; see also Spleen. M. bod'ies, inflamma'tion 
of, kidney, Bright's disease of the. M. cor'puscles, 
see Corpora Malpighiana and Spleen. M. latifo'lia, 
species growing in the Antilles; its bark is very simi- 
lar to simaruba bark. M. lay'er of the skin, rete 
mucosum is sometimes so called. M. u'rens, cow- 
hage cherry; fruit is edible, and possesses astringent 
properties like the root and bark. M. ves'icles, see 
Lung. 
Malposition, mal-po-zish'un. Faulty position of 
the foetus in the pelvis. Malpresentation refers to the 
faulty presentation of the foetus, as by the shoulder, 
etc. 
Malpractice, mal-prak'tis. Malpraxis. MALPRAXIS 
Malpraxis, mal-praks'is. Bad management or 
treatment; also criminal abortion. 
Malpresentation, mal-prez-en-ta'shun. See Malpo- 
sition. 
Malt. Maltum (Ph. U. S.) is the seed of Hordeum 
distichum caused artificially to germinate; barley 
made to germinate for the purpose of forming beer. 
It has been recommended in medicine as antiscorbu- 
tic, antiscrofulous, etc. M. ex'tract, made from an 
infusion with water at 165° F., draining and evapor- 
ating. Genuine extract contains the soluble ingre- 
dients of malt and the bitter of the hop. Employed 
in irritable forms of indigestion. M. liq'uors, alco- 
holic beverages prepared from malt, as beer, ale, and 
porter. M. spir'it, spirit distilled from malt. 
Maltese (mal'tees) cross. Surgical dressing or com- 
press made in form of a Maltese cross. 
Mal'tha (mulatto, to soften). Wax, particularly soft 
wax; also mixture of asphalt with petroleum. 
Malthacodes, mal-thak-o'deez (malthakos, soft, eidos, 
resemblance). Emollient. 
Malthacticus, mal-thak'te-kus. Emollient. 
Malthaxis, mal-thaks'is. Mollifies. 
Mal'the. Maltha. 
Mal'ti extrac'tum. Malt extract. 
Maltine, mal-teen'. Diastase. 
Maltobiose, malt-o-bi'oze. Maltose. 
Maltodextrin, malt-o-deks'trin. Carbohydrate 
produced when starch is converted into maltose. 
Maltose, mal'toze. Sugar, result of action of dias- 
tase on fecula of barley. 
Mal'tum. Malt. 
Malt'zey. Leprosy. 
Ma'lum (malus, bad). Disease. Melum (apple); 
see Pyrus malus. M. TEgypti'acum, diphtheria. M. 
Aleppen'se, Bouton d'Aleppo. M. articulo'rum, gout. 
M. cadu'cum, epilepsy. M. cadu'cum pulmo'num, 
asthma. M. ca'num, see Pyrus cydonia. M. Coen'se, 
Averrhoa carambola. M. coto'neum, see Pyrus cydonia. 
M. Cotun'nii, neuralgia femoro-poplitsea. M. hypo- 
chondri'acum, hypochondriasis. M. hyster'icum, 
hysteria. M. insan'um, see Solanum melongena. M. 
ischiad'icum, neuralgia femoro-poplitaea. M. laz'ari, 
elephantiasis. M. lycoper'sicum, Solanum lycoper- 
sicum. M. mi'nus, see Epilepsy. M. mor'tuum, spe- 
cies of lepra in which the affected portions of skin 
seem to be struck with death. See Pemphigus. M. 
per'forans pe'dis, mycetoma. M. pila're, trichosis. 
M. Pot'tii, see Pott's disease. M. prima'rium, idio- 
pathia. M. re'gimen, malpraxis. M. Rust'ii, disease 
of a tubercular character affecting the superior cer- 
vical vertebra?. M. sclerot'icae seni'le, scleritis 
occurring in old people. M. seni'le arterla'rum, 
arteritis deformans due to old age. M. seni'le artic- 
ulo'rum, arthritis deformans. M. spino'sum, Datura 
stramonium. M. terres'tre, Atropa mandragora. M. 
vene'reum, syphilis. M. vertebra'le poste'rius, 
necrosis affecting the spines of the vertebrae. 
Ma'lus (apple tree). Pyrus malus. M. auran'tia 
ma'jor, Citrus aurantium. M. commu'nis, Pyrus 
malus. M. dasyphyl'la, Pyrus malus. M. In'dica, 
Bilumbi biting-bing of Bontius, ord. Rosacea?,. Juice 
of this is cooling, and is drunk as a cure for fevers; 
leaves, boiled and made into a cataplasm with rice, 
are famed in all sorts of tumors; juice, mixed with 
arrack, is drunk for the cure of diarrhoea. M. limo'- 
nia ac'ida, see Citrus medica. M. med'ica, see Citrus 
medica. M. sylves'tris, Pyrus malus. 
Mal'va (malakos, soft). Malva sylvestris, Common 
Mallow, ord. Malvaceae. Leaves and flowers are 
chiefly used in fomentations, cataplasms, and emol- 
lient enemata; demulcent. M. rotundifolia has like 
virtues. M. al'cea, Alcea rosea, hollyhock, mallow; 
emollient. M. angustifo'lia, Mexican species; leaves 
and roots are emollient. M. anseri'na, M. rotundifo- 
lia. M. arbo'rea, Althaea rosea. M. balsam'ica, spe- 
cies of Southern Africa, where it is employed as an 
emollient. M. commu'nis, M. sylvestris. M. ma'jor, 
Alcea rosea. M. moscha'ta, see Musk. M. o'pium, 
an opium from India. M. scopa'ria, species growing 
in Peru; root is employed in diarrhoea. 
662 
MAMMARY 
Malvavis'cum (malva, viscum, bird-lime). Althaea. 
Ma'ma pi'an. Mother yaw; ulcer of a bad aspect, 
which is the commencement of the pian, and which, 
after having destroyed the flesh, extends to the bones. 
Mam'bi. Substance used in Peru to add to coca- 
leaves. 
Mam'ei. From incisions made in the branches of 
this West Indian tree a copious discharge of pellucid 
liquor occurs, which is called Momin or Toddy wine; 
is diuretic, and esteemed to be a good antilithic. See 
Mammea Americana. 
Mamelon. Nipple. 
Mameluco, mam-e-lu'ko. In Brazil the hybrid be- 
tween the white and Indian. 
Mamilla, mam-il'lah (dim. of Mamma). See Mamma. 
Mamil'lse arachnid'iae. Papillae renales. 
Mamillaplasty, mam-il'ah-plas-te. Operation for 
the purpose of restoring a depressed nipple. 
Mamilla'ria Lewin'i. Species furnishing muscale 
buttons; contains an exceedingly poisonous alkaloid 
called anhaloine. M. sim'plex, this plant is used as 
an emollient in external applications. 
Mamillary, mam'il-la-re. Mammillary. 
Mamillate (mam'il-ate) or Mam'illated. Resem- 
bling a mamma in shape. 
Mamillifor'mis. Nipple-shaped. 
Mamilloid, mam'il-loid (mamilla, nipple, eidos, re- 
semblance). Resembling a nipple in shape. 
Mam'ma (mamma, one of the earliest cries of the 
infant, ascribed to a desire for food). Female breast 
(Mamilla being the male breast). Glandular organ 
proper to mammalia intended for the secretion of 
milk. The mamma exist in both sexes, but they 
acquire a much greater size in the female, especially 
during pregnancy and lactation. In women, at the 
central part of each breast, the skin suddenly changes 
color and assumes a rosy tint. It is of a reddish- 
brown in women who have suckled several children. 
This circle has a rugous appearance, owing to the 
presence of sebaceous glands, and is called Areola or 
Aureola. These glands-Tubercles of the Areola- 
furnish an unctuous fluid for defending the nipple 
from the action of the mouth of the suckling infant, 
and, according to some, milk. In the midst of the 
aureola is the nipple, a rosy conoidal erectile emi- 
nence, and at the surface of which the galactophorous 
ducts open. The breasts plus the space between are 
called the bosom, sinus, colpus. At times these terms are 
restricted to the space between the breasts. Mamma 
also means a nurse. In the animal the mamma is 
called the Udder. M. aber'rans, supernumerary mam- 
mary gland. M. errat'ica, supernumerary mammary 
gland possessing the true glandular character, situ- 
ated in an abnormal position. M., suspen'sory lig'a- 
ment of, see Suspensory. M., uterine, cotyledon of the 
placenta. 
Mam'mae accesso'rise. Glands situated on various 
parts of the body which secrete milk. 
Mammaeform, mam'me-form. Mammiform. 
Mam'mal. Mammiferous animal (from mamma). 
An animal that suckles its young. 
Mammalgia, mam-mal'je-ah (mamma, algos, pain). 
Neuralgia of the breast. 
Mamma'lia. Division of vertebrata that suckle 
their young, including man. See Vertebrata. 
Mam'mary. Relating to the breasts. M. ab'scess, 
mastodynia apostematosa. M. are'ola, zone around 
the nipple, of pink color in virgins and blondes; of 
darker and brown color in mothers and brunettes. M. 
ar'teries are three in number: 1. The Internal mam- 
mary, Arteria sternalis, Internal thoracic. It arises from 
the subclavian, and descends obliquely inward, from 
its origin to the cartilage of the third rib. Below the 
diaphragm it divides into two branches, one external, 
the other internal. From its origin until its bifurca- 
tion it gives branches to the muscles and glands of the 
neck, to the thymus, mediastinum, pericardium, and 
oesophagus. In each intercostal space it gives off in- 
ternal and external musculo-cutaneous branches, and also 
on each side the superior diaphragmatic. Its two ulti- 
mate branches are distributed on the parietes of the MAMMATE 
abdomen, and anastomose with the external mam- 
mary, intercostal, lumbar, circumflexa ilii, and epigas- 
tric arteries. 2. The External mammary arteries are two 
in number, superior aud inferior. The Superior exter- 
nal mammary, Superior thoracic, is furnished by the 
axillary artery. It descends obliquely forward be- 
tween the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, to 
which it is distributed by a considerable number of 
branches. The Inferior external mammary, Long or 
Inferior thoracic, arises from the axillary artery, a 
little below the preceding; descends vertically over 
the lateral part of the thorax ; curves afterward in- 
ward ; becomes subcutaneous and divides into a 
number of branches, which surround the breast; 
gives branches to the pectoralis major, serratus major 
anticus, the intercostal muscles, the glands of the 
axilla, and the integuments of the breast. M. gland 
is the secretory organ of the milk ; is situate in the 
substance of the breast, to which it gives shape. The 
tissue of this gland results from the assemblage of 
lobes of different size, united intimately by areolar 
tissue. Each is composed of several lobules, formed 
of round granulations, of a rosy white color, and the 
size of a poppy-seed. The glandular grains give rise 
to the radicles of the excretory canals of the mamma, 
which are called galactophorous or lactiferous ; see 
Lactiferous vessels. These excretory vessels unite in 
ramusculi, rami, and in trunks of greater or less size; 
collect toward the centre of the gland ; are tortuous, 
very extensible, and semi-transparent. All terminate 
in sinuses situate near the base of the nipple, which 
are commonly from 15 to 18 in number. These si- 
nuses are very short, conical, and united by areolar 
tissue. From their summits a fasciculus of new ducts 
sets out, which occupy the centre of the nipple, and 
open separately at its surface. The arteries of the 
mammary gland come from the thoracic, axillary, 
intercostal, and internal mammary. The veins ac- 
company the arteries; the nerves are furnished by 
the intercostals and brachial plexus ; the lymphatic 
vessels are very numerous, and form two layers. 
They communicate with those of the thorax, and pass 
into the axillary ganglions. 
The following measurements have recently been 
made of the mammary glands and their component 
parts (Vierordt): 
Weight of both breasts, 222 g. (E. Bischoff); volume, 223 cm. 
(Raciborski). 
Greatest length (along margin of pectora- 
lis major) 128 
Vertical height Ill 
Thickness (in a sagittal direction) .... 54 
Sinus lactiferi 5-7 in diameter. 
Ductus " 1.7-2.3 
Mouth of ducts 0.6 wide. 
Acini 0.12 (0.08-0.16). 
M. phthi'sis, see Phthisis. M. re'gion, thoracic re- 
gion containing mamma. M. sarco'ma, tumor of 
the color and texture of the mammary gland; dense 
and whitish; sometimes softer and brownish; often 
producing, on extirpation, a malignant ulcer with 
indurated edges; found in various parts of the body 
and limbs. M. veins follow the same course as the 
arteries, and have received the same denominations. 
The internal mammary vein of the right side opens 
into the superior cava; that of the left into the cor- 
responding subclavian vein. The external mammary 
veins open into the axillary vein. 
Mammate, mam'mate. Possessing breasts. 
Mammea (mam'me-ah) Africa'na. Tree of Africa ; 
fruit is edible. M. America'na, ord. Guttiferse. Sys- 
tematic name of the tree on which the mammee'fruit 
grows. The fruit has a delightful flavor when ripe, 
and is much cultivated in Jamaica. M. Asiat'ica, 
Barringtonia speciosa. 
Mammeata, mam-me-at'ah {mamma). One who has 
large breasts. 
Mammella, mam-mel'ah (dim. of Mamma). Nipple. 
Mammifer, mam'me-fer {mamma, fero, to bear). 
Mammal. 
Mammiferous (mam-mif'er-us) an'imal. Mammal. 
Mam'miform {mamma, forma, form). Mastoid. 
663 
! MAN 
Mammilla, mam-mil'lah (dim. of Mamma). Mamma 
(male), nipple; small prominence ; papilla. 
Mammillae, mam-mil'le. See Kidney. M. medulla'- 
res, see Mammillary. 
Mammilla'ria. Tuber cinereum. 
Mammilla'ris (mammilla). Mastoid. 
Mammillary, mam'mil-la-re (mammilla). Having 
the shape of a nipple. See Mastoid. M. em'inence, 
name given-1. To more or less marked prominences 
on the inner surface of the bones of the cranium, 
which correspond to the anfractuosities of the cra- 
nium. 2. To white, round, medullary tubercules, of 
the size of a pea, situate at the base of the brain, be- 
hind the gray substance from which the infundibulum 
of the brain arises. These Mammillary tubercles, Cor- 
pora albicantia, are united to each other by a small 
grayish band corresponding with the third ventricle. 
They receive the anterior prolongations of the fornix. 
Older anatomists, taking the nervous trunks, to which 
Willis first gave the name olfactory nerves, for simple 
appendages of the brain, called them, on account of 
their shape, Carunculx mammillares. Vesalius, Fal- 
lopius, Columbus, and several others termed them 
Processus mammillares cerebri ad nares. They have 
also been called Trigona olfactoria. M. pro'cesses, 
tubercles which project backward from each of the 
superior articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae; 
see Mammillary eminence and Mastoid process. 
Mammillated, mam'mil-la-ted. That which has 
mammiform projections on its surface. M. liv'er, 
cirrhosis. 
Mammillation, mam-mil-la'shun. Granulation of 
some mucous membranes, as of the stomach. If in 
excess in the latter, it may be pathognomonic of 
polypus of the stomach. 
Mammitis, mam-me'tis (mamma, itis). Inflamma- 
tion of the mamma; mastitis. 
Mammose, mam'mose. Mammate. 
Mammula, mam'mu-lah (dim. of Mamma). Small 
breast. 
Man. The chief and most perfect of the mam- 
malia ; in Greek, anthropos (ana, upward, trepo, to 
turn), because he alone, of all animals, possesses the 
natural power of standing erect. He is the only 
animal whose incisor teeth, wedged in a projecting 
jaw, are absolutely vertical. Man is especially dis- 
tinguished from other mammalia by the faculty he 
possesses of classing his ideas and comparing them 
with each other, and connecting, representing, and 
transmitting them by signs and articulate sounds. He 
possesses in the highest degree the attributes of in- 
telligence-memory, judgment, and imagination. 
Differences in figure, color, stature, etc. have caused 
naturalists to divide mankind into a number of races 
or varieties. 
The following estimates have been made of the 
proportions of a man of medium size (Schadow): 
Total length of a man 
Length of arms expanded 
Distance between nipples 
Clavicular bones 
Both knees close together 
Half the width of shoulder 
■ 21 
166.5 cm. 
Length of neck 
Height of foot 
From external to internal malleolus, front . . 
Length of upper arm (front) 
" " (on the side) 
8 
Length of elbow 
Breadth below ribs enface 
Length of foot (profile) 
34 
26 
Breadth of both calves enface 
" of shoulder-blade to breast (on the side) 
" from gluteeus to genital region .... 
24 
Length of hand 
From sacral vertebra to umbilicus (on the side) 
Calves above (on the side) 
- 18.5 
Breadth of foot 10.5 
Men. Women. 
Height of sternal region 
19 cm. 18 cm. 
Height from scrobiculus cordis to umbilicus 
18 18 
Height from umbilicus to mons Veneris . . 
14 16 
A few dimensions may be added, after Krause: MANACA 
664 
MANGAN ESI U M 
Mandib'ulo-condyl'ial tri'angle. Triangle with 
base between the condylia and the apex at the sym- 
physion. 
Mandib'ulo-cor'onial tri'angle. Triangle with 
base between the two cor onia and apex at symphysion. 
Mandib'ulo-fa'cial in'dex, M.-in'frafacial in'dex, 
or M.-su'prafacial in'dex. Indices determined by 
vertical projection measurements of lower jaw com- 
pared with facial. 
Mandib'ulo-gon'ial tri'angle. One having base 
between the two gonia and apex at symphysion. 
Mandib'ulum. Inferior maxillary bone. 
Mandioc (man'de-ok) or Mandio'ca. Jatropha 
manihot. 
Man'do (mando, to chew). Glutton. 
Mandragora, man-drag'o-rah (mandr agor as). Atropa 
mandragora. M. acau'lis, Atropa mandragora. M. 
offlcina'lis, Atropa mandragora. M. verna'lis, Atropa 
mandragora. 
Mandragorites, man-drag-o-re'tees (mandragorites, 
mandr agora). Wine in which the roots of mandrake 
have been infused. 
Mandrake, man'drake. Atropa mandragora, Podo- 
phyllum peltatum, P. montanum. M., American, 
Podophyllum peltatum, M., ex'tract of, extractum 
podophylli. M., fe'male, Mandragora vernalis. M., 
male, Mandragora autumnalis. M., medicinal, Man- 
dragora officinalis. 
Mandrin, man'drin. The wire used to give rigid- 
ity to a flexible catheter during introduction. 
Manducation, man-du-ka'shun (manduco, to chew). 
Mastication. 
Manducatorius (man-du-kat-o're-us) mus'culus. 
Masseter. 
Manducatory, man'du-ka-to-re (manducatio, masti- 
cation). Appertaining to mastication. M. nerve, 
see Trigemini. 
Manec's paste. See Paste. M.'s opera'tion, opera- 
tion for ligation of the innominate artery. 
Manettia, mah-net'te-ah. Genus of the Cinchoneae. 
M. cordifo'lia, M. glab'ra, root of this species pos- 
sesses emetic properties. M. lanceola'ta, Ophiorrhiza 
lanceolata. 
Manganate, man'gan-ate. Chemical salt, product of 
action of manganic acid and a base. 
Manganese, mang'gan-eez. Metal pretty abundant 
in nature in an oxidized state. It is of a grayish-white 
color, hard and brittle, and destitute of magnetic 
properties. Specific gravity about 8. It is given in- 
ternally in its salts or other compounds; albuminate, 
saccharate, peptonate, and dextrinate of m. have been 
recently introduced as tonics, in chlorosis particularly. 
M. ar'senate, arseniate of manganese; prepared by 
saturating solution of arsenic acid with freshly pre- 
cipitated manganese carbonate. M., black oxide of, 
Dioxide of manganese, is used in preparing chlorine 
gas. M., i'odide of, this salt is prescribed, in pill and 
syrup, in the anaemia attendant on scrofula, phthisis, 
cancer, etc. M. monoxide, MnO, substance of a 
light-green color. M., salts of, see Manganese, sul- 
phate of. M. sesquioxlde, Mn20.3, substance of a 
black or dark-brown color when in the hydrated 
state. M., sul'phate of, Manganesii sulphas; rose- 
colored soluble salt, isomorphous with magnesium 
sulphate; recommended as a cholagogue in doses of 
a drachm or two. Salts of manganese have been pre- 
scribed in chlorosis and amenorrhcea, and as substi- 
tutes for chalybeates generally. The subcarbonate 
and the oxide have been chiefly employed. M., te- 
trox'ide of, M., black oxide of. 
Manganesic (man-gan-e'sik) acid. Name of acid 
derived from manganese. 
Manganesii binoxidum, man-gan-e'se-e bin-oks'- 
id-um. Manganese, black oxide of. M. ox'idum 
ni'grum, manganese, black oxide of. M. perox'idum 
ni'grum nati'vum, manganese, black oxide of. M. 
protox'idi sul'phas, manganese, sulphate of. M. sul'- 
phas, manganese, sulphate of. 
Manganesium, man-gan-e'se-um. Manganese. M. 
ochra'ceum ni'grum, manganese, black oxide of. M. 
oxyda'tum nati'vum or ni'grum, manganese, black 
Men. Women. 
Circumference of abdomen around iliac 
regions 
70 cm. 
73 cm. 
Circumference of abdomen around crest 
of ilium 
81 
84 
Circumference of the upper arm 
28 
26 
" of forearm at upper end . . 
27 
24 
" of forearm at lower end . . 
19 
18 
Breadth of carpus 
6 
5 
Circumference of carpus 
18 
16 
Breadth between trochanters 
34 
35 
Circumference of thigh at upper end . . . 
51 
49 
" " in the middle . . . 
47 
41 
" " at lower end .... 
35 
32 
Circumference of knee 
34 
32 
" " leg below the knee . . . 
31 
28 
" " the calf 
37 
34 
Length of foot (from the heel to the toes) . . 
26 
23 
Dimensions and weight of the bones of the skeleton 
(fresh skeleton of a man aged 42) (Krause and Dursy): 
Men Women 
Weight of bone 
(g.). 
(cm.). 
(cm.). 
Entire skeleton-height . . 
162-172 
151-162 
*9814 
Height of head (posteriorly) 
Vertical length of vertebral 
14 
13 
11115 
column 
70 
68 
11556 
Length of sternum 
18 
16 
80 
" " clavicle 
14.2 
13.6 
41 
" " scapula (base) . . 
16 
14 
134 
Breadth of scapula (above) . 
12 
10 
Length of acromion .... 
" " humerus 
6 
5 
32 
30 
308 
" " ulna 
26 
23 
99 
" " radius 
24 
22 
90 
" " hand 
20 
18 
126 
Height of os innominatum . 
22 
19 
g958 
Breadth of crest of the ilium 
28 
30 
Length of femur 
" " patella 
55 
43 
940 
4 
4 
39 
" " tibia 
39 
34 
530 
" " fibula 
37 
33 
78 
" " foot 
24 
22 
325 
* Including teeth, intervertebral cartilages, and costal car- 
tilages. 
f Including teeth. 
I Including intervertebral cartilages. 
j Whole pelvis (without sacrum). 
Weight of vertebrae (fresh skeleton) (Dursy): 
Heaviest. 
Lightest. 
7 cervical vertebrae 
144 g. 
7th (28) 
3d (16) 
12 thoracic vertebrae 623 . 
11th and 12th (81) 
2d and 3d (34) 
5 sacral vertebrae 
526 . 
3d (112) 
5th (100) 
Average, 
54 
Dry skeleton (Bardeleben): 
Heaviest. 
Lightest. 
7 cervical vertebrae 
52.2 g. . . 
. . . 7th (9.9) 
1st (5.7) 
12 thoracic vertebrae 176.2 . . . 
. . . 12th (21.4) 
3d (10.7) 
5 sacral vertebrae 
154.1 . . . 
. . . 3d (33) 
1st (26.4) 
Average, 
16.8 
Manaca, man'a-kah. Root of Franciscea uniflora ; 
vegetable mercury; antisyphilitic; purgative. 
Manakin, man'a-kin (dim. of Man). Fantom. 
Manchineel, man-chin-eel' ([S.] mangana, apple). 
Hippomane mancinella. 
Mancurana, man-ku-ran'ah. Origanum. 
Mancus, man'kus. Lame. 
Mandarin, man'dar-rin. Mandarin orange. 
Mandible, man'di-b'l (mando, to chew). Maxillary 
bone. 
Mandibula, man-dib'u-lah (mando, to chew). Max- 
illary bone. 
Mandibular, man-dib'u-lar. Pertaining to inferior 
maxilla. M. angle, angle formed by ramus of inferior 
maxilla in its relation to plane of body of the bone. 
M. arch, arch formed by tympanic plate of temporal 
bone and the inferior maxilla. M. plate, two osseous 
embryonic structures ultimately forming the lower 
jaw. M. tu'bercle and dim'ple, tubercle and spot 
occasionally located on cheek from two to four centi- 
metres behind the angle of the mouth. 
Mandibularis musculus, man-dib-u-lar'is mus'ku- 
lus. Masseter. 
Mandibulate, man-dib'u-late. Possessing mandibles. MANGANEUTES 
oxide of. M. vitrario'rum, manganese, black ox- 
ide of. 
Manganeutes, man-gan-u'tees. Quack. 
Manganeuticos, man-gan-u'tik-os. Relating to 
quackery. 
Man'gani ox'idum ni/grum (Ph. U. S.). Black 
oxide or dioxide of manganese; tonic and alterative; 
used in syphilis, chlorosis, prurigo, scabies, pyrosis. 
M. oxo'des nati'va, manganese, black oxide of. M. 
sul'phas (Ph. U. S.), MnSOi, made by heating native 
black oxide with concentrated sulphuric acid; chola- 
gogue, cathartic, like sodium sulphate. 
Mangania, man-gan'e-ah. Quackery. 
Manganic acid, man-gan'ik as'id. See Potassii 
permanganas. 
Manganicum superoxidum, man-gan'ik-um su- 
per-oks'id-um. Manganese, black oxide of. 
Manganite, man'gan-ite. Manganesii oxidum ni- 
grum. 
Manganium, man-gan'e-um. Manganese. 
Manganization, man-gan-i-za'shun. Adulteration. 
Manganja, man-gan'yah. See Arrow-poison. 
Mangano-ammonic, man'gan-o-am-mon'ik. Man- 
ganous and containing ammonium. 
Manganon, man'gan-on. Philter. 
Mangano-potassic, man'gan-o-pot-as'ik. Mangan- 
ous and containing potassium. 
Manganosum, man-gan-o'sum. Form of man- 
ganese contained in manganous compounds. 
Man'ganous. Chemical term for manganese oxide. 
Manganum, man'ga-num. Manganese. M. oxy- 
da'tum nati'vum, manganese, black oxide of. 
Mange, mainje. Itch of animals, technically sca- 
bies ferina. M., Tex'as, prairie itch. 
Mangif'era (mango, fruit, fero, to bear) fce'tida. 
Horse-mango; native of Cochin China and the Moluc- 
cas; fruit can be eaten. M. Indica or domest'ica, 
Mango tree, ord. Terebinthacese. Tree cultivated over 
Asia and South America. Mangos when ripe are 
juicy, of a good flavor, and so fragrant as to perfume 
the air to a considerable distance; are eaten either 
raw or preserved with sugar. From the expressed 
juice a wine is prepared; and the remainder of the 
kernel can be reduced to an excellent flour for bread. 
Also fruit of Garcinia mangostana. M. pinna'ta, 
Spondias mangifera. M. racemo'sa, Holigarna longi- 
folia. 
Man'go tree. Mangifera Indica. 
Mangonisatio, man-go-ne-zah'she-o (manganon, de- 
ception). Falsification. 
Mangonium, man-go'ne-um. Falsification. 
Mangostan, man-go-stan'. Garcinia mangostana. 
Mangostana, man-go-stah'na. Garcinia mango- 
stana. M. cambo'gia, Garcinia cambogia. M. Gar- 
cin'ia, Garcinia mangostana. 
Mangoustan (man-gu-stan') or Mangosteen, man- 
go-steen'. Garcinia mangostana. 
Mangrove (man'grove), black. Avicennia nitida. 
M., white, Avicennia tomentosa. 
Man'hood. Adult age. 
Mania, ma'ne-ah (mainomai, to be furious). Having 
or Furious madness. Disorder of the intellect in which 
there is erroneous judgment or hallucination, which 
impels to acts of fury; acute mental excitement; 
fury or frenzy. If the raving be not directed to a 
single object, it is mania properly so called; if to one 
object, it constitutes monomania, a term, however, 
usually given to melancholy. Mania attacks adults 
chiefly, women more frequently than men ; progno- 
sis is unfavorable. Separation is one of the most ef- 
fective means of treatment, with attention to the cor- 
poreal condition and everything that can add to the 
mental comfort and turn thoughts away from the sub- 
jects of delusion. M., acute, see Mania. M., alco- 
hcl'ic, delirium tremens. M., ambitious, delirium 
grandiosum. M., chron'ic delu'sional, monomania, 
delusional. M. contaminatio'nis, mysophobia. M. 
crapulosa, dipsomania. M., dan'cing, Dancing plague; 
form of convulsion which has appeared, at various 
times, epidemically under the form of St. Vitus's 
dance, St. John's dance, tarantism, hysteria, Tigretier 
665 
MANIPULATION 
(in Abyssynia), and diseased sympathy, and which 
has been fully described by Hecker in his " Epidem- 
ics of the Middle Ages." See Convulsionnaire. M. 
despon'dens, mania characterized by depression. M., 
ephem/eral, mania of a transitory character. M. 
epilep'tica, see Epilepsy. M., epilep'toid, mania 
with symptoms resembling epilepsy. M. erot'ica, 
erotomania. M. fix'a, chronic mania. M. furio'sa, 
furious mania. M. gra'vis, mania of an acute and 
delirious character. M. hallucinato'ria, form observed 
after acute diseases, parturition, fevers, acute alcohol- 
ism, wasting diseases, etc. M., homici'dal, mania 
characterized by marked homicidal tendency. M., 
hysterical, M. with tendency to hysterical attacks, 
or the usual symptoms of hysteria. M., incen'diary, 
pyromania. M., intellect'ual, monomania. M. in- 
termit'tens, mania periodical in character. M. lac'- 
tea, mania, puerperal. M., lead, mania due to plumb- 
ism. M. melanchol'ica, melancholy. M. mi'tis, 
delirium. M., mor'phine, morphinomania. M. a 
pathe'mate, ungovernable passion; fixed delusion. 
M. pel'lagra, pellagra. M. of persecution, mania 
persecutoria. M. postmenstrua'lis, mania of a ma- 
niacal character occurring after menstruation. M. 
potato'rum, delirium tremens. M. a po'tu, delirium 
tremens. M. praemenstrua'lis, mania of a maniacal 
character preceding menstruation. M., puer'peral, 
Puerperal insanity; mania which supervenes in the 
childbed state, usually within a week or ten days 
after delivery. Pathological lesions observed after 
death are not constant. The brain is generally almost 
exsanguious. M. puerpera'rum acu'ta, M., puerperal. 
M. si'ne delir'io, insanity unaccompanied with delir- 
ium; pathomania. M. sub'ita, mania of a transitory 
character. M. sylves'tris, melancholy. M. a temu- 
len'tia, delirium tremens. M., traumat'ic, insanity 
due to traumatism. 
Maniac, ma'ne-ak. Maniacal. One affected with 
mania. M., periodical, one who is subject to recur- 
ring maniacal attacks. 
Maniacal, man-i'a-kal. Maniac. M. fury, see 
Mania. 
Maniacus, man-e'ak-us. Maniac. 
Manica Hippocratis, man'e-kah hip-pok'rat-is 
(sleeve of Hippocrates). Conical flannel bag for 
straining liquid. 
Manicocomium (man-e-ko-ko-me'um) or Maniaco'- 
mium (manikos, komeo, to take care of). Lunatic 
asylum. 
Manicula, man-ik'u-lah. Attack of mania in a 
mild degree. 
Man'icure. One who beautifies the hand; also 
name of process of treatment. 
Manicus, man'ik-us (manikos). Maniac. 
Manifonn, man'i-form. Resembling the shape of 
a hand. 
Manigraphy, man-ig'raf-e (mania, grapho, to write). 
Description of mental diseases. Psychiatry. 
Maniguetta, man-e-gwet'tah. Amomum grana par- 
adisi. 
Manihot (man'e-hot) utilis'sima. Jatropha mani- 
hot. 
Manihotoxine, man-e-hot-oks'een. Exceedingly 
poisonous product derived from roots of Manihot 
utilissima. 
Maniibar. Jatropha manihot. 
Manikin, man'e-kin (dim. of Man). Fantom. An- 
atomical model, made of suitable material, for in- 
struction. • 
Maniluvium, man-e-lu've-um (manus, lavo, to wash). 
Bath for the hands. 
Manimetrum, man-e-met'rum (manus, hand, metron, 
measure). Cheirometer. 
Man-in-the-ground. Convolvulus panduratus. 
Manioc, man'e-ok. Jatropha manihot. 
Maniodes, man-e-o'dees (mania, odes). A maniac; 
maniacal. 
Maniopoeus, man-e-o-pe'us (mania, poieo, to make). 
Giving rise to mania. 
Maniplus, man'e-plus. A handful. 
Manipulation, man-ip-u-la'shun (manus). Mode of MANIPU LUS 
working. Term is applied to the manual examina- 
tion and treatment of parts, as in parturition. M., 
con'joined, external manipulation or pressure in labor 
practised in conjunction with internal exploration 
or pressure. 
Manipulus, man-ip'u-lus (manus, pleo, to fill). 
Handful; quantity of a substance capable of filling 
the hand. See Fasciculus. 
Manistupration, man-e-stu-pra'shun. See Man. 
Man-midwife, man-mid'wife. Accoucheur. 
Manna, man'nah. Concrete saccharine exudation 
of Fraxinus ornus. See Fraxinus. M., see 
Finns larix. M. briganti'na, see Finns larix. M. Cal- 
abri'na, see Fraxinus ornus. M. croup, semolina. M., 
Hebrew, Alhagi Maurorum. M. larice'a, see Finus 
larix. M. metallo'rum, hydrargyri submurias. M. 
tree, Fraxinus ornus. 
Mann-fruit. Root of Cyperus esculentus. 
Mannikin, man'ne-kin. Fantom. 
Mannin, man'nin. See Fraxinus ornus. 
Mannioc, man'e-ok. Jatropha manihot. 
Manniparous, man-nip'ar-us. Yielding manna. 
Mannite, man'nite. See Fraxinus ornus. 
Mannitic acid, man-nit'ik as'id. Acid, formula of 
which is CSH12O7. 
Mannitol, man'nit-ol. Mannite. 
Mannitose, man'ne-toze. Chemical compound, for- 
mula of which is CcHnOt;. 
Mannose, man'noze. Mannitose. 
Man-of-the-earth. Convolvulus panduratus. 
Manometer, man-om'et-ur. Instrument for deter- 
mining blood-pressure or the tension of a vapor. 
Manora, man-o'rah. Jasminum sambac. 
Manoscope, man'o-skope (manos, thin, skopeo, to ex- 
amine). Manometer. 
Mansana arborea, man-san'ah ar-bo're-ah. See 
Jujube. 
Mans'ford's plates. See Galvanism. 
Manslaughter. Involuntary or unpremeditated 
homicide. 
Mansorius, man-so're-us (mando, to chew). Buc- 
cinator. 
Manstupration, man-stu-pra'shun (manus, hand, 
stupro, to ravish). Masturbation. 
Mantele, man-te'le (napkin). Bandage (body). 
Mantia, mau-te'ah. In English, mancy, a common 
suffix, from manteia, divination. 
Mantile, man-te'le (napkin). Bandage (body). 
Man'tle (mantelum, cloak). Panniculus carnosus. 
Also, at an early period of foetal development, that 
portion of the cerebral hemisphere-vesicle forming 
the expanded or covering portion of the hemisphere. 
Manual-exercise (man'u-al-eks'er-size) bone. See 
Drill-bone. 
Manubrium, man-u'bre-um (manus'). Handle of 
anything, as manubrium mallei, handle of the malleus. 
A kind of handle composed of two movable laminae 
of horn, shell, or ivory united only at the extremity 
which holds the blade of the instrument, as in the com- 
mon bleeding-lancet. M. ma'nus, radius. M. ster'- 
ni, uppermost broad part of the sternum; see Sternum. 
Manuluvium, man-u-lu've-um (manus, hand, lavo, to 
wash). Hand-bath. 
Ma'nus. Hand; part which terminates the upper 
extremity in man. It extends from the fold of the 
wrist to the extremity of the fingers; is divided into 
three parts-carpus or wrist, metacarpus, and fingers. 
The concave surface is called the palm, convex surface 
the back. The facility of being able to oppose the 
thumb to the fingers in order to seize objects forms 
one of the distinctive characters of the human hand. 
M. cur'ta, see Kyllosis. M. he'patis, see Liver. M. 
je'coris, see Liver. M. par'va majo'ri adju'trix, see 
Digitus. M. va'ra, talipomanus. 
Manustupration, man-u-stu-pra'shun. Masturba- 
tion. 
Manustuprator, man-u-stu-pra'tor. Masturbator. 
Manyplies, man'e-plize (many plies or folds). Oma- 
sum. 
Manz, glands of. Inconstant glands found at the 
border of the eyelids. 
666 
MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA 
Manzani'ta. Leaves of Arctostaphylos glauca, of 
California; action like that of Uva ursi. 
Maple, ma'p'l. Acer saccharinum. M., ash-leaved, 
Negundo aceroides. M., great'er, sycamore. M., 
ground, Heuchera cortusa. M., red, Acer rubrum. 
M., rock, Acer saccharinum. M., striped, Acer 
Pennsylvanicum. M., su'gar, Acer saccharinum; 
see Saccharum acernum. M., Virgin'ia, Acer rubrum. 
Mappa (map'pah) ven'tris. Omentum. 
Maprounea (map-ru'ne-ah) Brasilien'sis. Shrub, 
species of the Cratonere; native of Brazil, where a 
decoction of the root is used for enemas. 
Maran'da. Tree, native of Ceylon; decoction of 
leaves is used in syphilis. 
Maransis, mar-an'sis (maransis). Atrophy. 
Maranta, mar-an'tah (after Maranta, a Venetian 
physician). Arrow root. M. arundina'cea, arrow 
root. M. galan'ga, ord. Zingiberacese; the smaller 
galangal. Two kinds of galangal are mentioned in 
the pharmacopoeias: the greater, obtained from Kiemp- 
feria galanga, and the smaller, from the root of Ma- 
ranta galanga. The dried root is brought from China in 
pieces from one to two inches in length, but scarcely 
half as thick; branched; full of knots and joints, 
with several circular rings; of a reddish-brown color 
on the outside and brownish within. Was formerly 
much used as a warm stomachic bitter, and generally 
ordered in bitter infusions. 
Marantic, ma-ran'tik {maransis, atrophy). Pertain- 
ing to atrophy, malnutrition, or marasmus. M. 
thrombo'sis, thrombosis of cerebral sinuses ocurring 
primarily in conditions of profound exhaustion and 
atrophy. 
Maraschino, mar-as-ke'no. See Spirit. 
Marasmat'ic. Marasmic. 
Marasmic, mar-az'mik. Relating to marasmus; 
affected with marasmus. 
Marasmius, mar-az'me-us. Genus of Agarics. M. 
oveades, champignon, edible fungus. 
Marasmoid, mar-az'moid. Resembling or suffering 
with marasmus. 
Marasmopyra, mar-as-mop'ir-ah {marasmus, pur, 
fever). Fever of emaciation in general; hectic fever. 
Marasmous, mar-az'mus. Marasmic. 
Marasmus, mar-az'mus {marasmos). Atrophy. M. 
climacter'icus, loss of weight and strength occurring 
in the aged. M. inanito'rum, marasmus due to ex- 
cessive discharges, as of blood. M. infanti'le, ma- 
rasmus occurring in infants, due to enfeebled con- 
stitution or lack of proper nourishment. M. lactan'- 
tium, atrophy of young children; tabes mesenterica. 
M. phthi'sis, phthisis pulmonalis. M. prsematu'rus, 
marasmus due to diseased condition. M. seni'lis, 
progressive atrophy of the aged. M. seni'lis cor'nese, 
arcus senilis. M. syphilit'icus, marasmus due to 
syphilis. M. ta'bes, tabes. M. ta'bes dorsa'lis, tabes 
dorsalis. M. ta'bes purulen'ta, marasmus caused by 
pus being absorbed. M. ta'bes strumo'sa, tubercu- 
losis affecting the glands of the mesentery. M. ven- 
ena'ta, marasmus due to poisoning of system with 
lead, etc. 
Marasquino, mar-as-ke'no. See Spirit. 
Marathrites, mar-ah-thre'tees {marathron, fennel). 
Wine impregnated with fennel. 
Marathrophyllum, mar*ah-thro-fil'lum {marathrum, 
phullon, leaf). Peucedanum. 
Marathrum, mar'ah-thrum {marathron). Anethum. 
M. sylves'tre, peucedanum. 
Maraugia, mar-awj'e-ah {maraugeo, to dazzle). 
See Metamorphopsia. 
Marble, mar'b'l. Marmor. 
Marcasita, mar-kas-e'tah. Bismuth. M. al'ba, 
bismuth subnitrate. M. plum'bea, antimonium. 
Marcasitse magisterium, mar-kas-e'te maj-is-te're- 
um. Bismuth subnitrate. 
Marcasite, mar-kas'ite. Bismuth. 
Marcescent. mar-ses'sent. Shrivelled. 
Marcgravia umbellata, mark-grah've-ah um-hel- 
lah'tah. South American and West Indian shrub, 
used in syphilis in those countries. 
Marchantia polymorpha, mar-shon'te-ah pol-e- IMARCOR 
mor'fab (after Marchant, a Parisian botanist). Liver- 
wort, ord. Hepaticae. This plant is mildly purgent 
and bitter, is recommended as aperient, resolvent, and 
antiscorbutic, and is used in diseased liver, etc. 
Marcor, mar'kor {marceo, to wither). Emaciation; 
marasmus. 
Marcores, mar-ko'rees {marceo, to wither). Atro- 
phy ; emaciation. 
Marcory, mar'ko-re. Stillingia. 
Mar'ea. Mountain sickness and mountain fever; 
puna. 
Maremmatic, mar-em-mat'ik. Relating to Ma- 
remme; a name referring in particular to certain 
very malarious regions of Italy. 
Mare's fat. Inula dysenterica. M.'s tail, Hip- 
puris vulgaris. 
Margarate, mar'gar-ate. Salt of margaric acid. 
Margaretizza, mar-gar-et-iz'zah. Scherlievo. 
Margaric acid, mar-gar'ik as'id. Acid produced 
from fat, having formula C17H34O2. 
Margarin, mar'ga-rin {margaron, pearl). A substi- 
tute for butter. See Fat. 
Margarinic acid, mar-gar-in'ik as'id. Margaric 
acid. 
Margarita, mar-gar-e'tah (jnart/arites). Pearl. 
Margaritaceous, mar-ga-re-ta'shus {margarita, pearl, 
mother-of-pearl). Resembling mother-of-pearl, as 
Leucoma margaritaceum, pearl-like leucoma. 
Margaroid (mar'ga-roid) tu'mor {margaron, pearl). 
A form of cholesteatoma or pearl-like tumor. 
Margaron, mar'gar-on. Pearl. 
Mar'garyl. Chemical radical composed of mar- 
garin and stearin. 
Margelis, mar-jel'is. Pearl. 
Margeilium, mar-jel'le-um. Pearl. 
Marginate, mar'jin-ate. Having a margin. 
Marginoplasty, mar'jin-o-plast-e {mar go, margin, 
plasso, to mould). Formation of a border. M., pal'- 
pebral, plastic operation in trichiasis. 
Mar'go. Margin, border. M. acu'tus, see Liver. M. 
denta'tus, see Retina. M. obtu'sus, see Liver. M. 
orbita'lis, see Orbit. 
Margosa (mar-go'sah) tree. See Melia azedarach. 
Mar'gosin. Crystalline principle of azedarach. 
Marie's disease. Acromegaly. 
Marignia (mar-in'ye-ah) acutifo'lia. Black dam- 
mar. 
Marigold (mar'e-gold), diamond fig. Mesembry- 
anthemum crystallinum. M., gar'den, Calendula 
officinalis. M., marsh, Caltha palustris. M., single, 
Calendula officinalis. M., wild, Calendula arvensis. 
Marine asthma, ma-reen asth'ma. Beri-beri. 
Mariotte', experiment of. Celebrated experiment 
of the Abbe Mariotte, which consists in placing two 
small round spots on a wall at some distance from 
each other, standing opposite the left-hand object, and 
looking at it with the right eye, the left being closed. 
By walking backward until the distance from the 
object is about five times as great as the distance be- 
tween the two, the latter will be found to disappear. 
Mariotte's law. Law that volume of gases is in- 
versely as the pressure. M's. spot, the blind spot in 
the retina. 
Ma'ris. Ancient name of a measure containing 83 
pints and 4 ounces. 
Marisca, mar-is'kah (large fig). Ficus haemor- 
rhois. 
Mariscous, mar-isk'us. Resembling hemorrhoids. 
Marjolin (mar'jo-lin), wa'tery ul'cer of. See Wa- 
tery tumor of cicatrices. 
Marjoram (mar'jo-ram), common. Origanum. M., 
sweet, Origanum majorana. M., wild, Origanum. 
Marjora'na. Majorana. 
Mark, birth {naevus), M., moth'er's, M. port wine, 
M., straw'berry, M., wine. Naevus flammeus. 
Marmalade, mar'ma-lade. Marmelade. 
Marmalet, mar'ma-let. Marmelade. 
Marmaros, mar'ma-ros {marmarizo, to shine). Mar- 
mor. 
Marmaryga, mar-mar'e-gah {marmairo, to shine). 
Sparks or bright spots before the eyes. 
667 
MARSHALL HALL'S METHOD 
Marmar'yge (marmaruge, splendor.) Appearance of 
sparks or coruscations before the eyes. See Meta- 
morphopsia. 
Marmarygodes, mar-mar-e-go'dees (marmaruge, 
splendor). Epithet, joined particularly to the word 
ophthalmos, to indicate a brilliant eye, a flashing 
eye. An eye which transmits the sense of imaginary 
obj ects. See Metamorphopsia. 
Marmelade, mar'me-lade. Parts of quinces or other 
fruits confected with sugar and reduced to a pul- 
taceous consistence. M. of a'pricots, marmelade 
prepared with two parts of ripe apricots deprived of 
their stones and one part of white sugar. M. of 
Fer'nel, M. of Tronchin. M. of Tron'chin or of Fer'- 
nel, kind of thick looch, of agreeable taste, prepared 
with two ounces of oil of sweet almonds, as much syrup 
of violets, manna in tears, very fresh pulp of cassia, 
sixteen grains of gum tragacanth, and two drachms of 
orange-flower water; used as a laxative, demulcent, 
and pectoral. 
Marmelata, mar-me-lat'ah. Marmelade. 
Mar 'mor (marmairo, to shine). Marble. White gran- 
ular carbonate of calcium (Ph. U. S.). Used in 
pharmacy for the preparation of pure lime and the 
disengagement of carbonic acid. 
Marmorate, mar'mo-rate. Marbled. 
Marmorata aurium, mar-mo-rat'ah aur'e-um. Ce- 
rumen. 
Marmoryge, mar-mor'e-ge (splendor). See Meta- 
morphopsia. M. Hippoc'ratis, hemiopia. 
Marriable, mar're-a-b'l. Nubile. 
Marriageable, mar'rij-a-b'l. Nubile. 
Mar'row. Medulla. Oily, inflammable, whitish or 
yellowish juice which fills the medullary canal of the 
long bones, the cancellated structure at the extremi- 
ties of those bones, the diploe of flat bones, and the 
interior of short bones. Marrow is furnished by the 
medullary membrane, is fluid during life, and ap- 
pears under the form of small points or brilliant 
grains after death. It is enveloped in the medullary 
membrane. M., spi'nal, medulla spinalis. M., ver'- 
tebral, medulla spinalis. 
Marrubiin, mar-ru'be-in. Bitter extractive of mar- 
rubium. 
Marrubium, mar-ru'be-um. Hoarhound, Horehound, 
ord. Labiatse. The leaves and tops are officinal (Ph. 
U. S.). Leaves have a moderately strong, aromatic 
smell, and a very bitter, penetrating, diffusive, and 
durable taste. It has been given in coughs and 
asthmas as a pectoral; Leonurus cardiaca. M. al'- 
bum, marrubium. M. German'icum, marrubium. 
M. ni'grum, Ballota fcetida. M. vulga're, marru- 
bium. 
Mars (god of war). Ferrum. M. solu'bilis, fer- 
rum tartarizatum. 
Marsala, mar-sah'lah. Italian wine; contains about 
18 per cent, of alcohol. 
Marsdenia (marz-den'e-ah) erec'ta. Shrub of East- 
ern Europe and Asia Minor; the juice of the plant is 
an external vesicant, and poisonous internally. M. 
tincto'ria, East Indian species yielding indigo. 
Marsh. Marshy districts give off emanations 
which are the fruitful source of disease and the cause 
of great insalubrity in many countries. The chief 
disease occasioned is intermittent fever. Hence it 
becomes important to drain such regions. Some 
marshy countries are not so liable to phthisis pul- 
monalis, and it has been found that where intermit- 
tent® have been gotten rid of by draining, consumption 
has at times become frequent. The most unhealthy 
periods for residence in a marshy district are during 
the summer and autumnal heats, at which times the 
water becomes evaporated, and the marshy bottom is 
more or less exposed to the sun's rays. M. gas, hy- 
drogen, carburetted; methyl hydride. M. poi'son, 
miasm (marsh). M. root, Statice Caroliniana. M. 
rose'mary, root of Statice Caroliniana; astringent. 
M. tea, Ledum palustre. 
Marshmal'low. Althaea. M. flowers, flores althaeae. 
Marsh'all Hall's meth'od. Ready method. See 
Drowning, resuscitation from. MARSHALL'S VESTIGIAL FOLD 
Marshall's vesti'gial fold. Fold of pericardium 
containing remnant of left superior vena cava. 
Marsh's test. Qualitative test for arsenic; ex- 
tremely delicate, and used in medico-legal investiga- 
tions; action of sulphuric acid and zinc in a flask 
containing the suspected matter; if arsenic is pres- 
ent arseniuretted hydrogen will be formed, and make 
its escape with the nascent hydrogen, and form its 
characteristic impress on a porcelain plate held in 
front of the flame. 
Marsh'wort. Helosciadium nodiflorum. 
Marsh/y. Relating to a marsh or malarial neigh- 
borhood. 
Marsipium, mar-sip'e-um (mar sipion). Marsupion. 
Mar'sum (vinum). Ancient wine of Marsia in 
Italy, which was used as an astringent in certain dis- 
eases of the mouth. 
Marsu'pia (pl. of Marsupium) patella'ria. Alar 
ligaments of the knee, 
Marsupial, mar-su'pe-al. See Marsupion. 
Marsupialian, mar-su-pe-al'e-an. Marsupial. 
Marsupialis, mar-su-pe-al'is. Ischiotrochanteria- 
nus; obturator internus. 
Marsupiate, mar-su'pe-ate. See Marsupion. 
Marsupion, mar-su'pe-on (marsupion, small sac or 
pouch). Sac or bag, with which any part is fomented. 
Also abdominal pouch in the kangaroo, opossum, etc., 
into which the young, born at a very early stage of 
development, are received and nourished with milk 
secreted from glands which open into the pouches. 
Such animals are termed Marsupial, Marsupiate, Mar- 
supialia. See Generation. M. cerebelTi, posterior 
transverse fissure of the brain. M. cer'ebri ante'- 
rius, anterior transverse fissure of the brain. M. 
cer'ebri poste'rius, posterior transverse fissure of 
the brain. 
Marsupium, mar-su'pe-um. Marsupion ; scrotum. 
M. musculo'sum, dartos. 
Marsypion, mar-sip'e-on. Marsupion. 
Martial, mar'shal (Jfars). Chalybeate. 
Martialis, mar-she-al'is. Chalybeate. 
Mar'tin's operation. Postero-anterior colpor- 
rhaphy with circular amputation of cervix uteri. 
Mar'tis limatu'ra. Ferri limatura. 
Martyn'ia angulo'sa. Herb, species of Martynia- 
cese; has emollient properties. 
Marum cortusi, mar'um kor-tu'se. Teucrium ma- 
rum. M. cre'ticum, Teucrium marum. M. Syri'- 
acum, Teucrium marum. M. ve'rum, Teucrium ma- 
rum. M. vulga're, Thymus mastichina. 
Maruta (mar-ru'tah) cot'ula. Anthemis cotula. 
Mar'vel of Peru. Mirabilis jalapa. 
Mas. Male; modiolus. 
Mascarpio, mas-kar'pe-o (mas, male, carpo, to en- 
joy). Masturbator. 
Maschaladenitis, mas-kal-ad-en-e'tis (maschale, ax- 
illa, adenitis, inflammation of a gland). Inflamma- 
tion of the glands of the axilla. 
Maschale, mas'kal-e. Axilla. 
Maschaliaeus, mas-kal-e-e'us. Axillary. 
Maschaliatria, mas-kal-e-at-re'ah (maschale, axilla, 
iatreia, healing). Treatment of disease by applica- 
tions made to the axilla. 
Maschalis, mas-kal'is. Axilla. 
Maschalister, mas-kal-is'ter. Axis. 
Maschaloncus, mas-kal-on'kus (maschale, onlcos, tu- 
mor). Tumor; bubo or swelling in the axilla. 
Maschalopanus, mas-kal-o-pan'us (maschale, panus, 
tumor). Maschaloncus. 
Maschalyperidrosis, mas-kal-ip-er-id-ro'sis (mas- 
chale, axilla, huper, excess, hidrosis, sweating). Exces- 
sive sweating of axilla. 
Maschi. Virulent poison of British Guiana, made 
of the rootstalks of Arum venenatum. 
Mascula, mas'ku-lah (imitating the male). Tribas. 
Mas'culine. Of the male sex. 
Masculus, mas'ku-lus (dim. of Mas, male). Male. 
Masesis, mas-a'sis. Mastication. 
Mase'ter. Masseter. 
Mashua (S.). Tuberous root, of a flat, pyramidal 
shape, which is cultivated and cooked like the potato 
668 
MASSOIA 
by the Serranos of Peru. The Indians use it as a 
medicine in dropsy, dyspepsia, and dysentery. 
Mask. Bandage applied over the face in cases of 
burns, scalds, or erysipelas. M., u'terine, chloasma 
uterinum. 
Masked, mask'd. Disguised, as a masked fever or 
one which is not clearly developed. 
Masochism, mas'o-kizm (from Sacher Masoch, a 
writer on this subject). Sexual perversion, in which 
a member of one sex takes delight in being domi- 
nated, even to the extent of violence or cruelty, by 
one of the other sex. 
Mass (masso, to knead). Compound from which pills 
are formed. M., blue, massa hydrargyri. M., in- 
terme'diate cell, mass of blastema forming mesone- 
phros. M. of interruption, corpora striata and thal- 
ami optici. M., investing, tissue mass in embryo 
embracing part of notochord ; later it forms the para- 
chordal cartilages. M., Vallet's, massa ferri carbon- 
atis. 
Massa, mas'sah. Mass. M. car'nea Jaco'bi Syl'vii, 
see Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perforans. 
M. copai'bse (Ph. U. S.), mass of copaiba (copaiba, 
; magnesia, recently prepared, gr. Ivj); to be 
made into pills, each of which will contain five grains 
of copaiba. M. de dac'tylis, paste, date. M. exple- 
men'ti, cortical brain substance. M. de extrac'to 
glycyrrhi'zse, pasta glycyrrhizse gummata et anisata. 
M. fer'ri carbona'tis, mass of carbonate of iron; 
Vallet's mass (ferri sulph., ; sodii carbonat., 
gr. cccl; mel despumat., ; sacchar., ,5(j; 
syrup., aquae destillat., aa q. s.). Vallet's mass is given 
as a haematic tonic in chlorosis and anaemia. Dose, 
gr. iij-v, in pill. M. de gum'mi Arab'ico, paste, 
marshmallow. M. hydrar'gyri, mass of mercury; 
blue mass (mercury, gr. cxxij ; glycyrrhiza, gr. 
cccl; althaea, §iv; glycerin, f §iij ; honey of rose, 
to make The officinal pill-blue pill 
-is three grains; each pill contains one grain 
of mercury; sialagogue, alterative, purgative. M. 
ligamento'sa, ligamentum calcaneo-astragaloideum 
interosseum. M. de zizypho'rum ft-uc'tu, paste of 
jujubes. 
Mas'sae (pl. of Massa) os'sis sac'ri. Lateral sac- 
ral masses. 
Massage, mas-sazh' (masso, to knead). Shampooing. 
Massema, mas-sa'mah. Mastication. 
Massesis, mas-sa'sis. Mastication. 
Masseter, mas-se'ter (massomai, to chew). Maseter. 
Muscle situated at the posterior part of the cheek, 
and lying upon the ramus of the lower jaw-bone; long, 
quadrilateral, and attached, above, to the inferior 
edge and inner surface of the zygomatic arch ; below, 
it terminates at the angle of the jaw and outer sur- 
face and inferior margin of the ramus of that bone. 
It is composed of an intermixture of fleshy and apo- 
neurotic fibres. It raises the lower jaw and acts in 
mastication. M. inter'nus, pterygoideus internus. 
Masseteric, mas-se-ter'ik. Relating to the masse- 
ter muscle. M. ar'tery arises from the trunk of the 
internal maxillary or temporalis profunda posterior, 
and is distributed to the masseter muscle, after hav- 
ing passed, horizontally, through the sigmoid notch 
of the lower jaw-bone. M. fas'cia, continuation of 
the cervical fascia over the masseter muscle. M. 
nerve is given off from the inferior maxillary branch 
of the fifth pair. It passes through the sigmoid notch, 
and is distributed on the inner surface of the mas- 
seter. In luxation of the lower jaw this nerve is 
strongly stretched, and considerable pain, conse- 
quently, produced. M. vein has the same distribu- 
tion as the artery; it opens into the internal maxil- 
lary vein. 
Masseterine, mas'se-ter-een. Masseteric. 
Masseterinus, mas-se-ter-e'nus. Masseteric. 
Masseur (Fr.). Male individual who practises mas- 
sage. 
Masseuse (Fr.). Female practising massage. 
Massicot, mas'se-kot. Plumbi oxidum semivitreum. 
Massing, mas'sing (masso, to knead). Shampooing. 
Massoia (mas-so'e-ah) aromat'ica. Species from MASSOTH ERAPEUTICS 
which massoy-bark is obtained, which has stomachic 
virtues. 
Massotherapeutics, mas-so-ther-ah-pu'tiks (masso, 
to rub, therapeuo, to treat). Employment of massage 
for therapeutic purposes. 
Massotherapy, mas-so-ther'ah-pe. Massage; mas- 
sotherapeutics. 
Massula, mas'su-lah (dim. of Massa). Molecule. 
Mastaden, mas-tad'en (mastos, aden, gland). Mam- 
mary gland. 
Mastadenitis, mas-tad-en-e'tis (mastaden). In- 
flammation of the mammary gland. 
Mastalgia, mas-tal'je-ah (mastos, algos, pain). Pain 
in the breast. 
Mastatrophia, mas-tat-rof'e-ah. Atrophy of mam- 
mary gland. 
Mastauxe, mast-awks'e (mastos, breast, auxe, 
growth). Inflammation or distension of the breast. 
Mastax, mas'taks. Mystax. 
Mastecchymosis, mast-ek-ke-mo'sis (mastos, ec, chu- 
mos, juice). Mammary ecchymosis. 
Mastema, mas-ta'mah. Masticatory. 
Mas'ter of the woods. Galium circaezans. 
Masterwort, mas'ter-wort. Angelica atropurpurea, 
Heracleum lanatum, imperatoria. 
Mastesis, mast-a'sis. Mastication. 
Masthelcosis (mast-hel-ko'sis) or Mastelco'sis 
(mastos, helkos, an ulcer). Ulceration of mammary 
gland or of the breast. 
Mas'thos. Mamma. 
Mas'tic. See Pistacia lentiscus. 
Mastication, mas-te-ka'shun. Chewing. Action 
of bruising food in the mouth to prepare it for 
digestion in the stomach. 
Masticatory, mas'te-ka-to-re. Chewing. Relating 
to mastication; also a substance chewed with the 
intention of exciting the secretion of saliva. M. 
nerve, see Trigemini. M. spasm of the face, tris- 
mus. 
Mastich, mas'tik. See Pistacia lentiscus. M. herb, 
common, Thymus mastichina. M. herb, Syrian, Teu- 
crium marum. M. tree, Pistacia lentiscus. 
Mastiche, mas'te-ke (Ph. U. S. and Br.). Concrete 
resinous exudation from Pistacia lentiscus. See Pis- 
tacia lentiscus. 
Mastichelseon, mas-te-kel-e'on (mastich, elaion, oil). 
See Pistacia lentiscus. 
Mastichic acid, mas-tik'ic as'id. Acid having for- 
mula of C20H32O2. 
Mastichina gallorum, mas-te-ke'nah gal-lo'rum. 
Thymus lentiscus. 
Masticin, mas'te-kin. Resin obtained from mastich, 
insoluble in alcohol. 
Mas'ticol. See Massicol. 
Masticus, mas'te-kus. Belonging to the mammary 
glands. 
Mastigodes hominis, mas-te-go'dees hom'in-is. Tri- 
chocephalus. 
Mastigoph'ora. Flagellata. 
Mastigophorous, mas-te-gof'or-us (mastix, whip, 
phoreo, to bear). Having flagella. 
Mastigopod, mas-tig'op-od (mastix, whip, pous, foot). 
Protozoa having flagella. 
Mastigosis, mas-te-go'sis (mastigoo, to whip). Flagel- 
lation. Employed by the ancients as a remedy in 
many diseases. The Flagellation or Scourging mania 
was a form of theomania which prevailed in Europe 
in the 13th and 14th centuries. They who were af- 
fected with it were termed Flagellants. 
Mastitis, mas-te'tis. Inflammation of the breast. 
Inflammation of the mammary gland of the pregnant 
or parturient female is vulgarly called a weid or weed 
and a weed in the breast. M. adolescen'tium, mastitis 
which may exist at time of puberty, observed in both 
sexes. M. apostemato'sa, abcess of the breast. M. 
carcinomento'sa, cancer of mamma. M., chron'ic 
lob'ular intersti'tial, interstitial inflammation of a 
chronic nature involving part of mammary gland. 
M., circumscribed intersti'tial, interstitial inflam- 
mation of mammary gland confined in extent. M., 
cuta/neous phleg'monous, inflammation involving 
669 
MASTOIDEOCENTESIS 
areola of mamma. M., diffuse interstitial, inter- 
stitial inflammation of mamma involving entire 
gland. M., gum'matous, affection of a syphilitic 
character involving substance proper of mamma. 
M. lactan'tium, mastitis occurring during lactation. 
M. metastat'ica, metastatic mastitis occurring in 
mumps or puerperal fever. M., parenchy'matous, 
inflammation of the glandular element of the 
breast. M., pe'tro-mam'mary, mastitis, submam- 
mary. M. puerpera'lis, inflammation of the mamma 
in the childbed woman. M., scrof'ulous, mastitis, 
tubercular. M. sep'tica, mastitis due to bacteria in the 
gland. M., submam'mary, inflammation of submam- 
mary connective tissue. M., supramam'mary, inflam- 
mation of subcutaneous or supramammary connective 
tissue. 
Mastix, mas'tiks (after mastich). See Pistacia len- 
tiscus. 
Masto (mastos). Prefix relating to the breast. 
Mastocarcinoma, mas-to-kar-sin-o'mah (masto, car- 
cinoma). Carcinoma of the breast. 
Mastochondrosis, mas-to-kon-dro'sis (mastos, chon- 
dros, a cartilage). Cartilaginous formation in the 
breast. 
Mastodealgia, mas-to-de-al'je-ah (mastodes, resem- 
bling a breast, algos, pain). Pain in the mastoid pro- 
cess. 
Mastodeocentesis (mas-to-de-o-sen-te'sis) or Masto- 
deoparacente'sis (mastodes, resembling a breast, ken- 
tesis, puncture). See Mastoideocentesis. 
Mastodes, mas-to'dees. Mastoid. 
Mastodynia, mas-to-din'e-ah (mastos, odune, pain). 
Pain in the breasts; a form of neuralgia. See Neural- 
gia mamma. Abscess of the breast; mammary abcess. 
Phlegmonous inflammation of the breast, running on 
to suppuration, generally in the childbed female. M. 
polyg'ala, extreme distension of the breast, as with 
milk. 
Mas'toid (mastoeides) (mastos, eidos, resemblance). 
Having the form of a nipple. Relating to mastoid 
process. M. an'gle, postero-inferior angle of parietal 
bone. M. an'trum, name given to M. cells. M. ap'- 
erture, opening of communication between the cavity 
of the tympanum and the mastoid cells. M. ar'- 
tery, posterior branch of the external carotid. M. 
canalic'ulus, canal leading from jugular fossa to 
Glasserian fissure, transmitting auricular branch of 
pneumogastric nerve. M. can'cer, firm carcinoma- 
tous growth, the section of which resembles the boiled 
udder of the cow. M. cav'ity, cavity occasionally 
found, and supposed to be the result of coalescence 
of mastoid cells. M. cells, Mastoid sinuses, are situ- 
ated in the mastoid process, communicate with each 
other, and open into the cavity of the tympanum. M. 
diam'eter, term applied to superior and inferior mas- 
toidal measurements made from bone to bone; the lat- 
ter is known as the bimastoid diameter. M. em'issary 
vein, venous channel connecting either posterior au- 
ricular or occipital vein with the lateral sinus through 
the mastoid foramen. M. fora'men is behind the 
mastoid process, and gives passage to a small artery 
of the dura mater and a vein which opens into the 
lateral sinus. M. fos'sa is a depression at the inner 
surface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, 
which forms part of the lateral sinus. M. glands, 
lymphatic glands behind the ear. M. or Digas'trie 
groove, groove at the inner side of the mastoid pro- 
cess, giving attachment to the posterior belly of the 
digastric muscle. M. mar'gin, name given to portion 
of occipital bone articulating with mastoid process of 
the temporal bone. M. mus'cle, posterior, splenius. 
M. pro'cess is at the inferior and posterior part of the 
temporal bone, and gives attachment to the digastric 
and mastoid muscles; it is the distinct prominence 
felt superficially behind each ear. 
Mastoidal (mas-toid'al) or Mastoid'eal. Relating 
to mastoid process. 
Mastoidealalgia, mas-toi-de-al-al'je-ah. Pain in 
mastoid portion of the temporal bone. 
Mastoid'ean. Relating to the mastoid process. 
Mastoideocentesis, mas-toi-de-o-sen-ta'sis (kentesis, MASTOIDES 
a puncture). Puncture of mastoidal sinuses, as for 
relief of retained morbid fluids. 
Mastoides, mas-to-e'dees. Mastoid; having form of 
a nipple. 
Mastoideum, mas-to-e'de-um. Mastoid bone. 
Mastoideus, mas-to-e'de-us. Sternocleidomasto- 
ideus. M. latera'lis, complexus minor. 
Mastioditis, mas-to-id-e'tis. Mastoid inflammation. 
Mastiodoconchalis, mas-to-id-o-kon-kal'is (mastodes, 
resembling a breast, concha, shell). Retrahens aurem. 
Mastology, mas-tol'o-je (mastos, breast, logos, doc- 
trine). Treatise relating to the breast or mammary 
gland. 
Mastomenia, mas-to-men'e-ah (mens, month). Vica- 
rious menstruation from the mamma. 
Mastoncus, mas-ton'kus (mastos, onkos, tumor). Tu- 
mefaction of the nipple or of the breast itself. When 
of an adipous character it is termed Mastopioncus 
or Mastopimeloncus. M. polygalac'ticus, mastospar- 
gosis. 
Masto-occipital, mas'to-ok-sip'i-t'l (mastos, occiput). 
Relating to mastoid process and occiput. 
Mastoparectama, mas-to-par-ek'tah-mah (mastos, 
parektama, excessive distension). Immoderate disten- 
sion of the mammae. 
Mastoparietal, mas-to-par-i'et'l. Relating to mas- 
toid process and parietal bone. 
Mastopathic, mas-to-path'ik. Relating to mastop- 
athy. 
Mastopathy, mas-top'ath-e (mastos, pathos, disease). 
Disease of the breast. 
Mastopimeloncus, mas-to-pim-e-lon'kus (mastos, 
pimele, fat, onkos, tumor). Fatty tumor of the breast. 
See Mastoncus. 
Mastopioncus, mas-to-pe-on'kus (mastos, pion, fat, 
onkos, tumor). Fatty tumor of the breast. See Mas- 
toncus. 
Mastorrhagia, mas-tor-rhaj'e-ah (mastos, rhegnumi, 
to break forth). Unusual flow of milk. 
Mas'tos. Mamma. 
Mastoscirrhus, mas-to-skir'rhus (mastos, skirros, 
hard tumor). Scirrhus of the breast. 
Mastoscrophulosis, mas-to-skrof-u-lo'sis. Scrofu- 
losis of mammary gland. 
Mastosis, mas-to'sis. Mammary enlargement. 
Mastospargosis, mas-to-spar-go'sis (mastos, spargao, 
to be full to bursting). Fulness of the breasts with 
milk. 
Mastosyrinx, mas-to-sir'inks (mastos, surinx, a pipe). 
Fistula of the mamma. 
Mastupration, mas-tu-pra'shun. Masturbation. 
Masturbation, mas-tur-ba'shun (manus, hand, stupro, 
to ravish). Self-abuse. Excitement of the genital 
organs by the hand. 
Masturbator, mas'tur-ba-tor. One given to mas- 
turbation. 
Masturbatory, mas'tur-ba-to-re. Relating to mas- 
turbation. 
Mastus, mast'us. Mamma; possessing large breasts. 
Match'maker's disease. See Phosphorus. 
Ma'te. See Ilex Paraguayensis. 
Mate'ba. African palm; fruits are employed in 
febrile attacks and dysentery. 
Mateco, mat-e'ko. Matico. 
Mateine, mat-e'een. Caffeine obtained from leaves 
of Ilex Paraguayensis. 
Matella, mat-tel'lah. Urinal. 
Mater (mater, mother). Uterus. M. du'ra, dura 
mater. M. herba'rum, Artemisia vulgaris. M. metal- 
lo'rum, hydrargyrum. M. mol'lis, pia mater. M. 
seca'lis, ergot. M. ten'uis, pia mater. 
Materia, ma-te're-ah (mater, mother [?]). Matter. 
M. alimenta'ria, see Aliment. M. chirur'gica, aggre- 
gate of agents employed by the surgeon, with the 
means of administering them and the rationale of 
their employment. M. fibro'sa, fibrin. M. med'dca, 
branch of medical science which treats of drugs, 
preparations thereof, and respective doses, and the 
physiological phenomena produced by them in the 
human economy. This is the most intrinsically 
valuable subdivision of medicine. (For a classifica- 
670 
MATRICYTE 
tion of the various articles of the materia medica 
see Drugs.) M. med'ica, dynam'ical, division of 
pharmacology considering the effects and uses of 
medicines; pharmacodynamics. M. morbo'sa, mat- 
ter which is the cause of disease. M. os'sea, bony 
or earthy portion of bones; cement of a tooth. M. 
pec'cans, materies morbi. M. perspirato'ria, sweat. 
M. saliva'ris, ptyalin. M. scytodeps'ica, tannin. 
M. siali'na, see Saliva. M. testa'cea den'tium, see 
Tooth. M. urino'sa, urea. 
Mate'rial. Matter. M., form'ative, protoplasm. 
Materialism. Spiritualism. 
Materialista, ma-te-re-al-is'tah (materia). Drug- 
gist. 
Materies, mat-e're-ees. Matter. M. mor'bi, mat- 
tar which is the cause of disease. 
Maternal, ma-ter'nal. Pertaining to the mother. 
M. impres'sions, impressions which in pregnant 
females are supposed to influence development and 
growth of the foetus. 
Maternity, ma-ter'ne-te (maternus, maternal). An 
establishment for the reception of pregnant women. 
Matias, mat-e'as. Bark of South American tree, 
used in its native country in intermittents and as 
a tonic. Its principal constituent is a bitter resin. 
It is probably the same as the Malambo bark; the 
latter has been referred to Croton Malambo. 
Maticin, mat-e'sin. See Matico. 
Matico, mat-e'co. Mateco, Matica, Soldier's tea 
or herb; South American herb, ord. Piperacese. 
Tonic, stimulant, diuretic, and astringent; used both 
internally and externally. It is given in infusion 
made of one ounce of the leaves-Matico (Ph. U. S.), 
the leaves of Artanthe elongata-to a pint of boiling 
water. An active principle, maticin,has been derived 
from it. 
Matlazahuatl. Disease similar to the plague, occur- 
ring in epidemic form among the natives of Mexico in 
the sixteenth century. 
Matonia cardamomum, mat-o'ne-ah kar-dam-o'- 
mum. Amomum cardamomum. 
Matorium, mat-o're-um. Ammoniac, gum. 
Matourea (mat-oo're-ah) Guianen'sis. Species of 
Guiaua, genus Scrophulacese, employed in leucorrhcea. 
M. praten'sis, species growing in Guiana, where it is 
employed as a vulnerary, internally and externally. 
Matracium, mat-ras'e-um. Matrass; urinal. 
Matrass, mat'ras. Glass vessel with a long neck 
and a round and sometimes oval body; used in phar- 
macy for distillation, digestion, etc. 
Matres cerebri, mat'rees ser'e-bre. Meninges. 
Matrhsemato'ma. Heematoma of the cerebral 
meninges. 
Matricalia, mat-re-kal'e-ah. Remedies for disease 
of the uterus. 
Matricalis, mat-re-kal'is. Relating to the uterus. 
Matricaria, mat-re-kar'e-ah (Ph. U. S.) (matrix, 
womb, from its reputed virtues in affections of 
that organ). M. chamomilla, ord. Composite. The 
flowers resemble in their properties chamomile and 
tansy, and have been esteemed tonic, stomachic, em- 
menagogue, vermifuge, etc. See Matricaria chamo- 
milla. M. chamomil'la, German chamomile ; the 
flowers, Matricaria (Ph. U. S.), resemble matricaria in 
properties. M. glabra'ta, S. African plant, having 
the same properties as the other species of matricaria. 
M. ino'dora, Chrysanthemum inodorum. M. leu- 
can'themum, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. M. 
multif'ida, species found in S. of Africa, where it is 
used in skin diseases and rheumatism. M. par- 
thenoi'des, plant closely resembling Chrysanthemum 
parthenium. M. suave'olens, M. chamomilla. 
Matriculate, ma-trik'u-late (matricula, diminutive of 
Matrix). Roll, originally an army roll or register. One 
admitted into a university or college by enrolling or 
having his name enrolled. In this country it is only 
necessary to matriculate at the commencement of 
each session. One who has thus enrolled himself in 
an institution is called a Matriculate. 
Matricyte, mat'ri-site (mater, mother, kutos, cell). 
Term applied to colorless blood-corpuscle of large MATR1SYLVA 
size which acts as mother-cell for small white cor- 
puscles. 
Matrisylva, mat-re-sil'vah (mater, mother, sylva, 
wood). Asperula odorata. 
Matrix, mat'riks (from mater, mother, uterus). 
Blastema, cytoblastema, stomach, uterus. M. of bone, 
osseia. M of hy'aline car'tilage, substance of a gran- 
ular character containing cells, and, when subjected 
to boiling, yielding chondrin. M. pi'll, hair papilla. 
M. of a tooth, substance of a tooth containing lime 
salts. M. un'guis, see Nail. 
Matrona, mat-ro'nah (mater, mother). Midwife. 
Matronalis, mat-ro-nal'is. Viola. 
Mat'ted. Term applied to parts adherent or 
tangled, and due to inflammatory process. 
Mat'tee. See Ilex Paraguensis. 
Mat'ter. Any substance which enters into the 
composition of a body; pus. To matter is to suppu- 
rate or discharge pus or matter. M., extrac'tive, see 
Extractive. M., faecal, see Faeces. M., form'ative, 
protoplasm. 
Mat'ting of parts. Matting or growing together 
of organic parts. 
Mat'toid (Ital. mattoide, like a madman). On the 
doubtful line between sanity and insanity; a crank. 
Matula, mat'u-lah. Urinal. 
Maturant, mat'u-rant. Making ripe ; said of appli- 
cations made to hasten maturation. 
Maturate, mat'u-rate. Literally, to come to a head; 
applied to an abscess when suppuration occurs. 
Maturation, mat-u-ra'shun (maturo, to ripen). Pro- 
gression of an abscess toward maturity ; state of 
maturity; coction. 
Maturative, mat'u-ra-tive. Medicine which favors 
the maturation of an inflammatory process. 
Maturatus, mat-u-rat'us. Concocted. 
Mature'. Ripe ; ready to be operated. 
Maturity, ma-tu're-te. State of fruits and seeds 
when developed; state of an abscess in which the 
pus is completely formed. M., preco'cious, precocity. 
Matzoon, mat'zun. Fermented milk used in Asia 
Minor. 
Maud'lin. Achillea ageratum. M. tan'sey, Achil- 
lea ageratum. M. wort, Chrysanthemum leucanthe- 
mum. 
Maumene's test. Perchloride-of-tin test for gly- 
cosuria. 
Mauritia (mau-rish'e-ah) flexuo'sa. Palm tree of 
S. America yielding sago. 
Mauvaniline, mo-van'il-een. Dye of violet color 
derived from aniline. 
Mavacu'ri. Plant of British Guiana containing 
curare. 
Ma'via. Erythrophloeum judiciale. 
Maw. Stomach. M. worm, ascaris. 
Maw-bound. Constipated. 
Maxilla, maks-il'lah. Maxillary bone. 
Maxilla'ris. Maxillary. M. exter'na, facial ar- 
tery. M. infe'rior, lower jaw. M. inter'na, internal 
maxillary artery. 
Maxillary, maks'il-la-re (maxilla, jaw, masaomai, to 
chew). Relating to the jaws. M. ar'teries are the 
External (see Facial) and the Internal. The latter 
arises from the external carotid with the temporal; 
it is remarkable for its complex course and the 
number of branches it transmits to the deep-seated 
parts of the face. Immediately after its origin it 
buries itself under the neck of the lower jaw, curv- 
ing inward and downward; advances directly in- 
ward in the space between the two pterygoid muscles 
toward the maxillary tuberosity. It turns again, be- 
comes vertical, and ascends into the bottom of the 
zygomatic fossa until, having arrived at the floor of 
the orbit, it takes a transverse direction, enters the 
sphenomaxillary fossa, and divides into several 
branches. See Artery (table). M. bone, Maxilla, 
name given to two bones which support the teeth. 
M. b., infe'rior, symmetrical, nearly parabolic bone, 
the middle portion of which is horizontal and called 
the body; the posterior is vertical, the angular por- 
tions being termed rami or branches. These have be- 
671 
MAYNORES1N 
hind a parotidean edge, which forms, by uniting with 
the base, the angle of the jaw. The branches termi- 
nate above by two processes separated by the sigmoid 
notch, the anterior of which is called the coronoid, 
the posterior the condyloid process, or maxillary con- 
dyle, supported by a cervix or neck. The lower jaw 
has an alveolar edge which contains alveoli for the 
reception of teeth. The lower jaw-bone is developed 
by two points of ossification which unite at the sym- 
physis ; it is articulated with the temporal bone and 
the teeth. M. b., supe'rior, Upper jaw-bone. The 
upper jaw-bones are to the face what the sphenoid 
bone is to the cranium; they are articulated with all 
the portions composing it; they determine, almost 
alone, the shape of the face and give it solidity; their 
size is considerable, form unequal; they occupy the 
middle and anterior part of the face, and enter into 
the composition of the nasal fossae, orbit, and mouth. 
Each superior maxillary bone articulates with its 
fellow, the ethmoid, frontal, nasal, lacrymal, palatine, 
inferior spongy, vomer, the teeth of the upper jaw, 
and sometimes the sphenoid bone, and is developed 
by four or five points of ossification. M. glands, 
lymphatic glands and channels situate along the 
ramifications of the internal maxillary artery. M. 
line, an imaginary line extending from the zygo- 
orbital point to corresponding opposite, constituting 
the superior M. line, and that from the zygo-maxillary 
the inferior. M. nerves are two formed of the second 
and third branches of the fifth pair. The superior 
maxillary nerve arises from the middle of the gan- 
gliform enlargement of the fifth pair; passes for- 
ward and issues from the cranium through the for- 
amen rotundum of the sphenoid bone, enters the 
sphenomaxillary fossa, passes into the infra-orbital 
canal, and makes its exit to vanish on the cheek. It 
gives off the following branches: the orbital, poste- 
rior dental, and anterior dental, and terminates in 
the infra-orbital nerves, which are divided into supe- 
rior, inferior, and internal. The inferior maxillary 
nerve is the largest of the three branches furnished 
by the fifth pair. It issues from the cranium by the 
foramen ovale of the sphenoid. Having reached the 
zygomatic fossa, it divides into two trunks: the one, 
superior and external, gives off the temporales pro- 
fundi, masseterine, buccal, and pterygoids; the other, 
inferior and internal, the larger of the two, furnishes 
the inferior dental, lingual, and auricular. M. plate, 
embryonic structure originating from first visceral 
arch, and connecting the fronto-nasal processes to form 
the upper jaw. M. pro'cess, that portion of.malar, 
inferior tubinated, and palatal bones which articulates 
with the superior maxilla. M. ridge, ridge of mucous 
membrane in which the teeth are developed. M. 
si'nus, antrum Highmorii. M. veins present the 
same arrangement as the arteries they accompany. 
Max'illate. Having jaws. 
Maxilliform, maks-il'le-form. Resembling the jaw- 
bone in shape. 
Maxil'lo-ju'gal. Relating to jaw and maxilla. 
Maxil'lo-labiaTis. Depressor anguli oris. 
Maxil'lo-labinasal'is. Levator labii superioris 
alseque nasi. 
Maxil'lo-narinal'is. Compressor naris. 
Maxil'lo-pal'atine. Relating to maxilla and palate. 
Maxil'lo-palpebra'lis. Orbicularis palpebrarum. 
Maxillo-pharyngeal, maks-il'lo-far-in-je'al. Re- 
lating to maxilla and pharynx. 
Maxillo-scleroticus, maks-il'lo-skle-rot'ik-us. Ob- 
liquus inferior oculi muscle. 
Maxillo-suprafacial, maks-il'lo-su-prah-fa'she-al. 
Relating to maxilla and superior part of face. 
Mayapple. Podophyllum peltatum. M., moun- 
tain, Podophyllum montanum. 
Mayflower or -weed. Anthemis cotula. 
Mayel'la. Curcuma longa. 
May'hem. Act of depriving a person of a limb 
necessary for defence, or any useful part or organ. 
May'nard's adhe'sive liq'uid. Collodion. 
Maynoresin, ma-no-rez'in. Resin from Calophyllum 
longifolium, MAYS 
Mays. Zea mays. M. America'na, Zea mays. M. 
zea, Zea mays. 
May'weed. Maruta cotula. 
May'worm, true. Meloe maialis. 
Mayz (Ind.). Zea mays. 
Maza. Mass; placenta. 
Mazalysis, maz-al'is-is. Mazolysis. 
Mazicus, maz'ik-us (maza). Relating to the pla- 
centa. 
Mazischesis, maz-isk'e-sis (maza, schesis, holding, 
retention). Retention of the placenta. 
Mazocacothesis, maz-o-kak-oth'e-sis (maza, ledkos, 
thesis,). Abnormal position of placenta. 
Mazodynia, maz-o-din'e-ah (mazos, odune, pain). 
Mastodynia. 
Mazoitis, maz-o-e'tis (mazos, breast, itis). Mas- 
titis. 
Mazology, ma-zol'o-je (mazos, logos). Treatise on 
mammals. 
Mazolysis, maz-ol'e-sis (maza, lusis, solution). Sepa- 
ration of the placenta. 
Mazolytic, maz-o-lit'ik. Relating to mazolysis; 
remedy producing expulsion of placenta. 
Mazopathla, maz-o-path-e'ah (maza, pathos, disease). 
Disease of the placenta or originating from the pla- 
centa. 
Mazopath'ic. Pertaining to placental disease. 
Ma'zos. Mamma. 
M'boundou. Akasga. 
McMunn's elix'ir. See Elixir of opium. 
Me'able. Capable of easy penetration. 
Mead. Fermented honey or syrup. Hydromeli; 
melizomum. 
Meadow bloom, med'o bloom. Ranunculus acris. 
M. fern, Comptonia asplenifolia. M. gar'lic, Allium 
Cauadense. M. pride, see Calumba. M. rue, tha- 
lictron. M. saf'fron, Colchicum autumnale. M. 
sweet, Gillenia trifoliata, Spiraea ulmaria. M. sweet, 
Amer'lean, Spiraea lobata. M., sweet, red, Spiraea 
tomentosa. 
Meal. See Farina. 
Mealy, me'le. Resembling meal. M. star'wort, 
Aletris farinosa. M. tree, Viburnum dentatum. 
Measles, meez'l's (from; G. masern, spotted). Rube- 
ola ; also diseased condition of pork; see Trichiniasis. 
M., bas'tard, rubella. M., black, see Rubeola. M., 
con'fluent, scarlatina. M., false, roseolae. M., 
French, roseolae. M., Ger'man, see Rubeola. M., 
hemorrhag'ic, black measles. 
Meas'le-worm. Scolex of a taenia. 
Measlings, meez'lings. Rubeola. 
Measly, meez'le. Morbillous. M. pork, see Measles. 
Measure (mezh'ur), grad'uated. Glass measure 
used in pharmacy, so divided as to indicate accurately 
the quantities of liquids. 
Measurement, mezh'ur-ment. Mensuration. M., 
Thomp'son's, lithotrite provided with scale so as to 
indicate size of calculus within its grasp. 
Measures, mezh'urs. See Weights and Measures. 
Measuring (mezh'u-ring), med'ical. Mensuration. 
Meat, meet. Some of the preparations of meat, as 
beef-tea, extract of beef, etc., are elsewhere referred 
to. M. bis'cuit, see Biscuit, meat. M., condensed', 
see Extract of beef. M., extractive of, osmazome. 
M. flour is made of beef dried at a low temperature 
and ground into very fine powder, one pound repre- 
senting four of flesh. M., flu'id, solution of meat in 
pepsin and hydrochloric acid; it contains the fibrin- 
ous and nutritious portions of meat. M. juice is ob- 
tained by a process described by Prof. Christison, at 
a temperature of about 220°, from fresh beef, and 
contains ozmazome, with the salts, sapid and odorous 
principles of meat. M. poi'soning, poisoning by 
meat containing ptomaines. M. pow'der, meat flour. 
M., raw, has been recommended in chronic diar- 
rhoea when uncomplicated with organic lesion, the 
meat being minced with currant jelly or conserve of 
roses. 
Meatoscope, me-at'o-skope. Speculum for exami- 
nation of the urethra near the meatus. 
Meatotomy, me-a-tot'o-me. Incision of angle of the 
672 
MECONOLOGIA 
meatus, effecting enlargement thereof; the knife being 
called a Meatotome. 
Meatus, me-at'us (meo, to go). Passage or canal. 
M. acus'ticus exter'nus, auditory canal, internal. 
M. audito'rius exter'nus, auditory canal, external. 
M. audito'rius inter'nus, auditory canal, internal. 
M. cse'cus, Eustachian tube. M. cuticula'res, pores 
of the skin. M. cys'ticus, cystic duct. M. na'rium, 
see Nasal fossae. M. Rivi'ni, foramen of Rivini. M. 
semina'les uteri, Fallopian tube. M. semina'rius, 
corpus Highmori. M. of Syl'vius, interspace between 
anterior cornua of lateral ventricles of cerebrum. 
M. urina'rius, urethra. M. urina'rius fcemine'us, 
female urinary meatus. M. urina'rius viri'lis, male 
urinary meatus. 
Mechameck, mech'a-mek. Convolvulus pandu- 
ratus. M. bind'weed, Convolvulus panduratus. 
Mechane, mek'a-ne. Machine. 
Mechanema, mek-an-a'mah. Machine. 
Mechanical, me-kan'e-kal (mechane, machine). 
Epithet given to irritating bodies which do not act 
chemically, as a mechanical irritant. M. or latro- 
mathemat'ical physic'ians are such as refer every 
function, healthy or morbid, to mechanical or mathe- 
matical principles-medicina mechanica. 
Mechanico-therapy, mek-an'e-ko ther'ap-e. Me- 
chanical treatment, as by medical gymnastics and 
massage. 
Mechanics (me-kan'iks), an'imal. Part of physi- 
ology whose object is to investigate the laws of 
equilibrium and motion of the animal body. 
Mechanism, mek'an-izm. Structure of a body; 
collection or aggregate of the parts of a machine; 
mode in which forces produce any effect, etc., as the 
mechanism of parturition. 
Mechanology, mek-an-ol'o-je (mechane, logos, de- 
scription). Treatise on machines or apparatus used 
in medicine or surgery. 
Mechoaca'na ni'gra (from Mechoacan in Mexico). 
Convolvulus jalapa. M. ni'gricans, Convolvulus 
jalapa. M., white, convolvulus Mechoacan. 
Mechoaca'nae rad'ix. Convolvulus Mechoacan. 
Mecismus, mes-iz'mus (mekos, length). Condition 
characterized by unusual length of parts of the body. 
Meckel''s car'tilage. See Cartilage of Meckel. 
M.'s gan'glion, sphenopalatine ganglion. 
Mecometer, me-kom'e-tur (mekos, length, metron, 
measure). Graduated compass used at the Hospice 
de Maternite of Paris to measure the length of new- 
born infants. 
Me'con. Meconium; opium ; papaver. 
Meconar'ceine. Derivative of narceine, in yel- 
low soluble crystals; used in neuralgia, bronchitis, 
insomnia, etc. 
Mec'onate. Salt of meconic acid. 
Meconeuropathia, mek-o-nu-ro-path-e'ah (mecon, 
opium, neuron, nerve, pathos, disease). Morbid state 
due to opium habit. 
Meconic acid, me-kon'ik as'id. Acid derived from 
opium, H3C7HO7, from which solution of bimeconate 
of morphia is prepared. 
Meconlcum, me-ko'ne-kum (mekon, poppy). Opiate. 
Meconidia (mek-o-nid'e-ah), Mecon'idin, or Mecon'- 
idine. See Porphyroxin. 
Meconin, mek'o-nin. Neutral substance obtained 
from opium. 
Meconioid, mek-o'ne-oid. Resembling meconium. 
Meconiorrhoea, mek-o-ne-or-rhe'ah. Discharge of 
meconium in excessive quantity. 
Meco'nious. Of the nature of meconium. 
Meco'nis. Poppy. 
Meconismus, mek-o-niz'mus. Poisoning by opium. 
Meconium, me-ko'ne-um (mekonion, inspissated 
juice of the poppy). Opium. Also the excrement, 
Purgamenta infantis, Mecon, passed by the infant a 
short time after birth. M. theba'icum, opium. 
Mec'onoid. Relating to or resembling meconium. 
Meconoiosin, mek-o-no-e'o-sin. Colorless substance 
in crystals derived from opium. 
Meconologia, mek-o-no-loj'e-ah {mekon, opium, logos, 
description). Treatise on opium. IV! ECONOPH AGISM 
Meconophagism, mek-on-of'a-jism (mekon, opium, 
phago, to eat). Opium-eating. 
Meconopsis diphylla, mek-on-op'sis de-fil'lah. Sty- 
lophorum diphyllum. 
Medea, me'de-ah. Genital organs. 
Medeitis, med-e-e'tis. Inflammation of genital 
organs. 
Medela, med-e'lah (medeor, to heal). Cure; thera- 
peutics. 
Medeni, med-e'ne. Cutaneous ulcerations like 
boils. 
Medeola verticillifolia, med-e'o-lah ver-te-sil-le-fo'- 
le-ah (after Medea the sorceress). M. Virginica. M. 
Virgin'ica, ord. Smilacese. Indigenous herb growing 
in every part of the United States, the root of which 
resembles a small cucumber; diuretic. 
Me'diad. Directed or situate toward the median 
plane. 
Me'dial. Median. 
Me'dian (medium, the middle). That which is 
situate in the middle. M. ar'teries, twigs supply- 
ing the fourth ventricle which originate from 
either the basilar or vertebral artery. M. ar'tery, 
small artery accompanying median nerve, originat- 
ing from anterior interosseous artery. M. artery of 
spinal cord, artery originating from anterior spinal 
artery, passing along anterior median line of cord. 
M. brown line, brown line extending from xiphoid 
cartilage to symphysis pubis. M. line, vertical line 
supposed to divide the body into two equal parts, one 
right, the other left. M. nerve arises chiefly from the 
anterior branches of the last two cervical nerves and 
first dorsal. The fifth and sixth cervical pairs also 
send a branch, which separates from the musculo-cu- 
taneous nerve. The median nerve descends on the 
inner part of the arm along the biceps muscle. Oppo- 
site the elbow-joint it buries itself behind the aponeu- 
rosis of that muscle, and engages itself between the 
two fasciculi of the pronator teres. Lower down it is 
between the flexors-sublimis and profundus-and 
passes, with their tendons, under the anterior annu- 
lar ligament, then divides into five branches, which 
are distributed to the muscles of the thenar emi- 
nence, to the lumbricales, the integuments of the 
thumb, the index, middle finger, and outer part of 
the ring finger. This nerve gives no branches to the 
arm. In the forearm it furnishes filaments to all the 
pronator and flexor muscles, and one of them accom- 
panies the anterior interosseous artery. It also gives 
off a filament to the integuments of the palm of the 
hand. M. operation of lithot'omy, operation cha- 
racterized by median incision of perineum, urethra, 
and prostate gland; see Lithotomy. M. veins, three 
of the superficial veins of the forearm are so called: 
the median basilic, the median cephalic, and common 
median; see Basilic and Cephalic. 
Medianum, me-de-an'um. Mediastinum; mesen- 
tery. 
Me'diary. Median. 
Mediastinal, me-de-as-ti'nal. Relating to the medi- 
astinum. M. ar'teries are very delicate arterial 
branches distributed in the areolar texture of the 
mediastinum. They are distinguished into anterior 
and posterior. 
Mediastinitis, me-de-as-tin-e'tis. Inflammation of 
the mediastinum. 
Mediasti'no-pericardi'tis. Inflammation involv- 
ing mediastinum and pericardium. 
Mediastinum, me-de-as-te'num (in medio stans, as 
being in the middle); vulg. me-de-as-ti'num. Mem- 
branous space formed by a double reflection of the 
pleura, extending from the spine to the posterior sur- 
face of the sternum. It is divided into superior and 
inferior, the latter subdivided into three, anterior, 
middle, and posterior. Superior m. lies above upper 
level of pericardium, and is bounded anteriorly by 
manubrium sterni and posteriorly by dorsal vertebrae. 
A plane extending from fourth dorsal vertebra to 
junction of manubrium with gladiolus is the" imagi- 
nary dividing-line. It contains origin of sterno-hyoid 
and thyroid muscles and ends of longus colli, trans- 
673 
I MEDICINA 
verse aorta, innominate artery and vein, left carotid 
and subclavian arteries, superior cava, left superior 
intercostal vein, pneumogastric, cardiac, phrenic, and 
left recurrent laryngeal nerves, trachea, oesophagus, 
thoracic duct, thymus gland or its remains, and lym- 
phatics. The inferior, being subdivided, may be de- 
scribed as inferior anterior, which is bounded in front 
by sternum, laterally by pleura, and posteriorly by 
pericardium. It contains origin of triangularis stern i 
muscles, internal mammary vessels of left side, and 
lymphatic glands and vessels permeating areolar tis- 
sues ; inferior middle is the broadest portion, and con- 
tains heart, ascending aorta, superior cava, bifurca- 
tion of trachea, pulmonary arteries and veins, and 
phrenic nerves; inferior posterior is parallel with ver- 
tebral column, bounded anteriorly by pericardium 
and roots of lungs, posteriorly by vertebral column 
from inferior border of fourth dorsal vertebra down- 
ward, and laterally by pleura. It contains descending 
arch and thoracic portion of aorta, greater and lesser 
azygos veins, pneumogastric and splanchnic nerves, 
oesophagus, thoracic duct, and lymphatic glands. M. 
aur'is, see Tympanum. M. cerebel'li, falx cerebelli. 
M. cer'ebri, falx cerebri, septum lucidum. M. dor- 
sal'e, M. posterior; see Mediastinum. M. tes'tis, 
corpus Highmori. M. ventriculo'rum lateral'ium, 
septum lucidum. 
Mediastinus, me-de-as-te'nus. Mediastinum. 
Mediate auscultation, me'de-ate aws-kul-ta'shun. 
Auscultation by means of an instrument, as a stetho- 
scope. 
Medicabilis, med-e-kab'il-is (medicor, to cure or heal, 
habilis, capable). Curable. 
Medicable, med-e'ka-b'l. Curable. 
Medicse, med'e-se. Female practitioners of old; 
see latrinae. Also sworn midwives, whose duty it 
was to inspect women in cases of suspected preg- 
nancy. 
Medical, med'e-kal. Appertaining to medicine. M. 
jurisprudence, medicine, legal. M. man, surgeon- 
apothecary. 
Medicalis, med-e-kal'is. Medical. 
Medicament, med-e'ka-ment. Remedy ; medicine. 
Medicamenta (med-e-kam-en'tah) arcana. Pro- 
prietary medicines. 
Medicamental, med-e-ka-men'tal. Medicinal. 
Medicamenta'tion. Treatment with medicine. 
Medicamento'sus. Medicinal. Produced by a 
drug, as dermatitis medicamentosa. 
Medicamen'tous. Medicinal. 
Medicamentum, med-e-kam-en'tum. Drug, medica- 
ment. M. ex pal'mulis, drastic electuary of dates. 
Medicaster, med-e-kas'ter. Charlatan. 
Medicated, med'e-ka-ted. Treated or impregnated 
with medicine. 
Medication, med-e-ka'shun. Treatment by medi- 
cine. M., hypodermatic or hypoder'mic, see Hy- 
podermic. 
Medicatrina, med-e-kat-re'nah. Physician's office 
or fee. 
Medicatrix, med-e-kat'ricks. Having the power of 
healing. 
Medicerebel'lar. Relating to middle region of 
cerebellum. 
Medicer'ebral. Relating to middle region of cere- 
brum. 
Medicina, med-e-se'nah. The healing art; physic. A 
science the object of which is the cure of disease and 
the preservation of health. Occasionally it is used to 
comprehend all the branches of the healing art; at 
others to comprise one great division, in contradis- 
tinction to surgery and obstetrics. Medicine, in this 
sense, includes many branches, the chief of which 
are Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Therapeutics, 
Hygiene, Materia Medica, and Pharmacy. M. con- 
servati'va, hygiene. M. disetet'ica, dietetics. M. 
diasos'tica, hygiene. M. eclec'tica, see Eclectic. M. 
ef'ficax, surgery. M. equa'ria, hippiatria. M. euec'- 
tica, gymnastics. M. foren'sis, medicine, legal. M. 
gymnas'tica, gymnastics. M. hermet'ica, see Spa- 
gyrists. M. judicia'ria, medicine, legal. M. mag- MEDICINABLE 
netlca, sympathy, cure by. M. mechanlca, kine- 
sipathy; see Mechanical. M. methodlca, see Metho- 
dists. M. milita'ris, military medicine. M. ope- 
rati'va, surgery. M. Paracelsislica, see Spagyrists. 
M. perturbat'rix, see Perturbatrix. M. politlca, 
police, medical. M. politico-foren'sis, medicine, state. 
M. psy'chica or psychologlca, medicine, psychical. 
M. publica, medicine, state. M. Sinlca, Chinese 
medicine. M. spagyrlca, chemiatria ; see Spagyrists. 
M., state, police, medical. M. statlca, statica medi- 
cina. M. sympathetica, sympathy, cure by. M. 
tristi'tise, crocus. M. veterina'ria, veterinary art. 
Medicinable, med'is-in-a-b'l. Medicinal. 
Medicinal, me-dis'in-al. Medical, remedial, having 
remedial power; relating to medicine, as M. days, 
days on which the ancients considered that remedies 
might he administered, and especially evacuants; 
such days were not esteemed critical. M. hours, 
times at which-the stomach being freed from its 
digestive actions-medicine, it was thought, could be 
most advantageously administered. M. rashes, see 
Pash, medicinal. 
Medicine, med'e-sin. Medicina. Medicament; 
purging potion. M. chest, case or chest for medicines. 
M., clinical, see Clinical. M., conservative, mode 
of treating disease which tends to the preserva- 
tion, development, and support of the vital powers. 
M., cuta'neous, see Cutaneous medicine. M., eclec'- 
tic, see Eclectic. M., empirical, secret remedy. M., 
le'gal, Medical jurisprudence of some, Law or Forensic 
medicine; application of medical knowledge to the 
solution of every question connected with the ad- 
ministration of justice. M., pat'ent, see Patent medi- 
cine. M., political, police, medical. M., psychical 
or psychological, see Psychical. M., quack, arcanum. 
M., seal, cachet. M., stamp, cachet. M., state, 
medical knowledge brought to bear on state objects, 
as on public hygiene and matters appertaining to 
medical jurisprudence. 
Mediciner, med'e-sin-er. Physician. 
Medico-chirurgical, med'e-ko-ki-rurj'e-kal. Re- 
lating to medicine and surgery, as Medico-chmirgical 
Society. M.-c. anat'omy, see Anatomy. 
Medico-legal, med'e-ko-le'gal. Relating to legal 
medicine, as a medico-legal inquiry, a medico-legal in- 
spection. 
Medicomania, med-e-ko-man'e-ah (medicus, mania). 
Mania for the science of medicine without the neces- 
sary study. 
Medicon. Poisonous drug. 
Medico-pneumatic. Relating to pneumatic med- 
icine. 
Medico-psychological. Relating to psychological 
medicine. 
Medico-statistical, med'e-ko-sta-tis'te-kal. See Sta- 
tistics, medical. 
Medicus (medeor, to heal). Doctor of medicine; phy- 
sician. M. equa'rius, hippiater. M. ocula'ris, oculist. 
M. ophthal'micus, oculist. M. unguenta'rius, one 
who treats diseases by external means. M. veterina'- 
rius, hippiater. M. vulnera'rius, see Deligation. M. 
vul'nerum, surgeon. 
Medimnus, med-im'nus (medimnos). Ancient meas- 
ure, capable of containing about four pecks and six 
pints. 
Medi'na worm. Guinea worm; nematode worm 
of the tropics that burrows in the human body. 
Medinogordius, med-in-o-gor'de-us. Dracunculus. 
Me'dio-bilat'eral. Relating to median plane and 
both sides of the body. 
Me'dio-car'pal. Relating to middle carpal articu- 
lation. 
Me'dio-collc. Relating to middle of colon. M.-c. 
ar'tery, middle colic artery. 
Medio-frontal, me'de-o-frunt'l. Relating to middle 
of frontal region. M.-f. gy'rus, middle frontal con- 
volution. 
Medio-lateral, me'de-o-lat'er-al. Relating to 
median plane and sides. 
Mediola Virginica, me-de'o-lah vir-jin'e-kah. Cu- 
cumber root, an indigenous herb; root can be eaten; 
674 
MEDULLA 
reputed to possess diuretic properties when given in 
large doses. 
Medio-occipital, me'de-o-ok-sip'it-al. Eelating to 
middle of occipital region. M.-o. gy'rus, middle oc- 
cipital gyrus. 
Medio-palatine, me'de-o-pal'at-ine. Eelating to 
middle of palate. 
Medio-pontine, me'de-o-pont'ine. Eelating to mid- 
dle of pons Varolii. 
Medio-tarsal, me'de-o-tar'sal. Eelating to middle 
tarsal articulation. M.-t. articulation, joint situate 
between astragalus and calcaneum posteriorly, and 
scaphoid and cuboid anteriorly. 
Medipectus, med-e-pek'tus. See Mesosternum. 
Medipedunculus, med-e-ped-un'ku-lus. Middle 
peduncle of cerebellum. 
Mediscalenus, med-e-skal-a'nus. Scalenus medius 
muscle. 
Mediterranean fever, med-e-ter-ra'ne-an fe'ver. 
Variety of remittent fever. 
Meditriceps, med-e-tre'seps. Middle head of tri- 
ceps muscle. 
Meditullium, med-e-tul'le-um (medium, middle). 
Diploe. 
Medium, me'de-um (middle). Term usually em- 
ployed in medicine for the conditions which surround 
a living body and are inservient to its continued ex- 
istence. Thus air, water, heat, light, etc. are so many 
media. M. car'damoms, Malabar cardamoms of com- 
merce. M. mus'culi, see Muscle. M. ven'tris, um- 
bilicus. 
Medius, me'de-us. Middle; median. M. dig'itus, 
middle finger. 
Med'lar. Mespilus. 
Me'do. Hydromeli. 
Medoblennorrhcea, med-o-blen-or-rhe'ah (medea, 
blennorrhcea). Leucorrhoea. 
Medoc'. French wine containing tannin. 
Medorrhcea, med-or-rhe'ah (medea, rheo, to flow). 
Gonorrhcea. M. fcemina'rum in'sons, leucorrhoea. 
M. urethral'is, gonorrhoea. M. viri'lis, gonorrhoea. 
Medorrho'ic. Eelating to or suffering -with medor- 
rhcea. 
Med'os. Bladder. 
Med'sine (Old E.). Medicament; medicine. 
Medulla, med-ul'lah (medius, in the middle). Mar- 
row. M. cer'ebri, see Cerebrum. M. dorsa'lis, M. 
spinalis. M. dorsuaTis, M. spinalis. M. nervo'rum, 
neurine. M. oblonga'ta, Cerebral protuberance, Meso- 
cephalon. The medullary substance that lies within 
the cranium upon the basilary process of the occipital 
bone. The anterior surface, which rests in the basilary 
groove, is impressed by the basilary artery. At the 
upper extremity of, and on its posterior surface, are 
the tubercula quadrigemina. At the same extremity 
the medulla gives rise to two prolongations, the 
peduncles of the brain, separated from each other by 
the mammillary eminences, and becoming lost in the 
optic thalami. The lower extremity is called the tail 
or rachidian bulb, bulbus medullas spinalis or rachidi- 
cus, and is continuous with the medulla spinalis. It is 
to this part only that some anatomists apply the name 
Medulla oblongata. From the posterior angles two 
other prolongations arise, called Peduncles of the cere- 
bellum. The medulla oblongata has several eminences 
-the pons Varolii, corpora pyramidalia, c. olivaria, 
etc.-and has a longitudinal fissure before, and an- 
other behind, called the anterior and the posterior 
median fissures. The vesicular neurine in the centre 
of the medulla is the nervous centre of respiration 
and deglutition; hence it has been called centrum 
vitale. M. os'sium, marrow. M. re'nis, see Kidney. 
M. spl'nae, M. spinalis. M. spina'lis, Spinal prolon- 
gation, Vertebral marrow, Spinal cord or marrow, Nervous 
system of voluntary motion and tactile impression (Gall), 
continuation of the medulla oblongata. Commences 
at the foramen magnum of the occipital bone, and 
descends in the vertebral canal as low as the second 
lumbar vertebra without filling it, presenting in its 
course several evident enlargements. It is grooved on 
both its anterior and posterior surfaces by a furrow MEDULUE 
which divides it, in its whole length, into two great 
nervous cords, intimately united with each other. 
The longitudinal fissure on its anterior surface is called 
the anterior median fissure ; that on the posterior sur- 
face, the posterior median fissure. Between these, two 
lateral fissures have also been described on each side 
of the cord. The spinal marrow terminates by an oval 
tubercle, whence a number of nerves set out, called 
cauda equina, from its resemblance to a horse's tail. 
Spinal marrow has no analogy, as regards its struc- 
ture, with the marrow of long bones. It is formed of 
two substances, one white, the other gray, presenting 
an inverse arrangement to that which they have in 
the brain, the white being external, the gray in the 
centre, substantia grisea centralis. It is enveloped by a 
yellowish fibrous membrane, very resisting, which 
seems to be continued insensibly from the pia mater, 
and by two other membranes, which are merely pro- 
longations of the arachnoid and dura mater; see 
Nerve. M. vertebra'lis, M. spinalis. 
Medullas, med-ul'le (pl. of Medulla). Sperm. 
Medul'lar. Medullary. 
Medullary, med'ul-la-re (medulla). Eelating to, or 
analogous to, marrow. M. ar'teries, arteries which 
enter bones and pass to the marrow. M. canal', see 
Canal, medullary. M. cav'ities, hollow of a bone con- 
taining marrow. M. cells, see Medullary membrane. 
M. groove, groove running longitudinally, observed 
in vertebrate embryo, which forms the medullary 
canal later on. M. juice, marrow. M. lam'inae, 
strata of white matter situate between the gray sub- 
stance of the brain. M. mat'ter, see Nerve-fibres. M. 
mat'ter of the brain, see Cerebrum. M. mem'brane, 
vascular, areolar web of extreme tenuity which en- 
velops the marrow and lines the inner surface of the 
medullary canal of the long bones. This membrane 
has been considered as a species of internal periosteum 
of those bones. It has numerous vessels, which bury 
themselves in the thickness of the marrow, and others 
which nourish the innermost plates of the bone. The 
cells formed by it are termed Cellules or Sacculi medulla- 
res. M. neu'rine, see Neurine. M. nu'cleus, white fibres 
of cerebellum. M. plates are the thickened edges of 
medullary groove from which the medullary groove 
has its origin. M. ridges, protuberances which form 
boundary-line of medullary groove. M. sarco'ma, 
encephaloid, hsematodes fungus. M. sheath, see 
Nerve-fibres. M. spaces, spaces in bone when in 
stage of formation filled with embryonic marrow. 
M. stri'se, white lines running transversely on floor 
of fourth ventricle. M. sub'stance of the kid'ney, 
see Kidney. M. sub'stance of Schwann, see Nerve- 
fibre. M. sys'tem, Bichat gives this name to the 
marrow and its membranes. He distinguishes two 
species of medullary systems: the one occupies the 
cellular tissue at the extremities of the long bones 
and that of the flat and short bones; the other is 
found merely in the central canal of long bones. M. 
tube, spinal cord in the primitive tubular stage. M. 
tu'mor of the lungs, phthisis, cancerous. M. ve'li, 
folds situate in upper part of fourth ventricle. They 
are divided into anterior and posterior medullary 
velum. 
Medullated, med'ul-la-ted. Containing marrow. 
M. fi'bres, see Fibres, medullated. 
Medulllc, med-ul'lik. Contained in or obtained 
from medulla. M. ac'id, occurring in beef-fat. 
Medulli-spinal (me-dul'le-spi'nal) veins. Veins 
given off by the spinal cord and uniting into a fine 
network on the pia mater. 
Medullitis, med-ul-le'tis. Myelitis. 
Medullization, med-ul-li-za'shun (medulla, marrow). 
Softening of the osseous tissue from osteitis, the 
earthy constituents becoming absorbed and the Ha- 
versian canals, lacunae, etc. enlarged. 
Medullo-arthrltis, med-ul'lo-arth-re'tis (medulla, 
arthron, joint). Inflammation involving the medulla 
in extremities of long bones, and followed by struc- 
tural changes in the articulation. 
Medullo-encephalic, med-ul'lo-en-sef-al'ik, Eelat- 
ing to spinal cord and cerebrum. 
675 
> MEGASCOPIC 
Medusa's (med-u'zah's) head. See Caput Medusx. 
Meeran. Daucus carota. 
Megacephalic, meg-a-sef-al'ik (megas, large, kephale, 
head). Pertaining to crania whose capacity exceeds 
1450 cc. 
Megacephalus, meg-ah-sef'al-us. One having a 
large head. 
Megachellus, meg-ah-ki'lus (megas, large, cheilos, 
lip). Possessing large lips. 
Megacoccus, meg-ah-kok'kus (megas, large, kokkos, 
berry). Largest forms of cocci. 
Megagnathus, meg-a-gnath'us (megas, gnathos, jaw). 
One having a large jaw. 
Megalanthropogene sis, meg-al-an-th ro-po-j en' es-is 
(megalo, anthropos, man, genesis, birth). Term used 
by a French physician to designate the art of pro- 
creating great men, men of mind, men of genius. 
He considered that they may be perpetuated by 
always taking care to have talented men united to 
clever women! 
Megalo, meg'al-o (megas, great.) In composition, 
great. 
Megalocardla, meg-al-o-kar'de-ah (megalo, kardia, 
heart). Having a very large heart. 
Megalocephalia, meg-al-o-sef-al'e-ah (megalo, 
kephale, head). An unusually large size of the head. 
Megalocephalic, meg-al-o-sef-al'ik. Having an un- 
usually large head. 
Megalocheirous, meg-al-o-kir'us (megalo, cheir). 
Having large hands. 
Megaloccelia, meg-al-o-se'le-ah (megalo, koilia, ab- 
domen). Intestine, great; megalosplauchnia. 
Megalocornea, meg-al-o-kor'ne-ah (megalo, cornea). 
Unusual size of cornea. 
Megalocyte, meg'al-o-site (megas, large, kutos, cav- 
ity). Very large red blood-corpuscles observed with 
microscope in cases of anaemia. 
Megaloglossia, meg-al-o-glos'se-ah (megalo, glossa, 
tongue). Abnormal condition in which the tongue is 
hypertrophied and protrudes from the mouth. 
Megalomania, meg-al-o-man'e-ah (megas, large, 
mania, madness). Form of insanity in which the 
patient imagines himself to be a very exalted and 
powerful individual. 
Megalomelia, meg-al-o-mel'e-ah (megalo, melos, 
limb). A monstrosity characterized by very large 
limbs. 
Megalomelus, meg-al-om'el-us (megalo, melos, limb). 
Monster with very large limbs. 
Megalophonia, meg-al-o-fon'e-ah (megalo, phone, 
voice). The condition of having a full, strong voice. 
Megalophonic (meg-al-o-fon'ik) or Megalophonous, 
meg-al-o-fo'nus. Having a strong voice. 
Megalophthalmus, meg-al-of-thal'mus (megalo, oph- 
thalmos, eye). A congenital deformity in which the 
eye is inordinately large. 
Megalopia, meg-al-o'pe-ah. See Megalopsia. 
Megalopodia, meg-al-o-pod'e-ah (megalo, pous, foot). 
Condition of having large feet. 
Megalopsia, meg-al-op'se-ah (megas, great, opsis, 
sight). An affection of the eye in which objects ap- 
pear larger than they are in reality. 
Megalopus, meg-al'o-pus (megalo, pous, foot). Hav- 
ing an unusually large foot. 
Megaloscope, meg'al-o-skope (megalo, skopeo, to see). 
Magnifying instrument for making endoscopic exam- 
inations of bladder, rectum, and stomach. 
Megaloscopy, meg-al-os'kop-e. Observation with 
the microscope. 
Megalosplanchnus, meg-al-o-splanch'nus (megalo, 
splanchnon, viscus). Megaloccelia. Having a tumid 
condition; the viscera or a viscus. Some have used 
the substantive Megalosplanchnia for the tumor itself. 
Megalosplenia, meg-al-o-sple'ne-ah (megalo, splen, 
spleen). Splen oncus. 
Megascope, meg'ah-skop (megas, great, skopeo, to 
see). Modification of solar microscope for examining 
bodies of comparatively large size. 
Megascopic, meg-a-skop'ik (megas, great, skopeo, to 
see). Visible to the eye without the use of a mag-, 
pifier, MEGASEME 
Megaseme, meg'ah-seem (megas, great, sema, sign). 
Having a large index; term used in craniometry; 
having an orbital index over 89. 
Megasthenes, meg-as'then-ees (megas, great, sthenos, 
strength). See Microsthenes. 
Megasthenic, meg-a-sthen'ik (megas, great, sthenos, 
strength). Having great strength. 
Megastoma intestinalis, meg-as'to-mah in-tes-tin- 
al'is. Protozoa observed to exist in the small intes- 
tines of rats, and also found in human beings in cases 
of deficient digestion with diarrhoea. 
Megastomatous, meg-ah-stom'at-us. Having a 
large mouth. 
Megavolt, meg'ah-volt. Electrical unit equivalent 
to a million volts. 
Megethos, meg'e-thos (megas, great). Stature. 
Megistocephalus, mej-is-to-sef'al-us (megas, large, 
kephale, head). One having a very long cranium. 
Meg/ohm. Resistance of electro-magnet amounting 
to one million ohms. 
Me'grim (migraine, itself abridged from hemicrania). 
Hemicrania. Megrims is used principally in England 
for lowness of spirits. 
Meibomian (mi-bo'me-an) cyst. Chalaza. 
Meibo'mius, glands of. Follicles of Meibomius, 
Palpebral or Ciliary follicles. Small sebaceous follicles 
called after Meibomius, although known long before 
his description of them. They are situate in special 
grooves in the tarsal cartilages, and are ranged by 
the side of each other in the form of yellowish, par- 
allel, and vertical lines, sometimes straight, at others 
tortuous. They may be seen at the inner surface of 
the eyelids, through the conjunctiva, and secrete a 
sebaceous humor called Humor of Meibomius, Lippitudo, 
Gum. 
Meiocardia, mi-o-kar'de-ah. Diminution of the 
volume of the heart during systole. 
Meiosis, mi-o'sis (meioo, to lessen). The period of a 
disease in which the symptoms begin to diminish; 
decline; remission; also idiotism. 
Meiss'ner, bodies or cor'puscles of. Oblong bod- 
ies seen in some of the broad papillae of the skin of 
the volar portion of the fingers and the palm, and 
into which a medullated nerve-fibre enters, either 
enveloping the corpuscles spirally or becoming lost in 
its centre. M., gan'glion of, Plexus of Meissner. A 
flat layer of nervous masses in the tunica submucosa 
of the intestines, a few ganglia projecting toward the 
mucous membrane and penetrating between the ad- 
joining follicles. M., plex'us of, Meissner, gan- 
glion of. 
Meiurus, mi-u'rus (meioo, to lessen, oura, tail). 
Shortened; curtailed. Term figuratively applied to 
the pulse when tapering off to a fine point like a 
mouse's tail. Myurus (mouse's tail). 
Mekilwort, mek'il-wort. Atropa belladonna. 
Mel (meli). Honey. A liquid of a mucosaccharine 
nature prepared by the apis mellifica or common bee, 
which collects the materials from the nectaries of 
flowers. Honey is employed as aliment, condiment, 
and medicine. It is demulcent and aperient, and is 
prescribed as an adjunct to gargles in cynanche ton- 
sillaris, etc.; at times used as a detergent to foul 
ulcers. Virgin honey, Mel virginum or virgineum, is 
that which flows from the wax spontaneously. Honey- 
water is a mixture of essences colored with saffron; a 
little honey is added to communicate a clamminess, 
the effect of which is to make it retain the scent the 
longer; used as a scent. M. aceta'tum, oxymel. M. 
Aigypti'acum, /Egyptiacum. M. ae'rium, Fraxinus 
ornus. M. arundina'ceum, saccharum. M. bora'cis, 
Honey of borax or of borate of soda or of borate of so- 
dium, Borax honey (boracis, 51 > glycerin, gr. xxx; 
mellis despumati, detergent; applied to the 
mouth in aphthous affections. M. can'nse, saccharum 
(non purificatum). M. coc'tum, boiled honey. M. 
despuma'tum or depura'tum, Clarified honey (melt 
the honey in a water-bath and remove the scum); 
uses the same as honey. M. ro'sae (Ph. U. S.), Honey 
of roses (rosae Gallic, in pulv., ; mellis despum., 
f ; alcohol, dilut., q. s.); astringent and deter- 
676 
MELANCHOLIAC 
gent; used chiefly in gargles and washes in aphthae, 
etc. M. scil'lse, oxymel scillse. M. scil'lae compos'- 
itum, syrupus scillse compositus. M. so'dae bora'tis, 
mel boracis. M. so'dii bora'tis, mel boracis. M. vi- 
no'sum, honey wine; wine mead. M. vir'ginum, see 
JfeZ. 
Melaena, mel-e'nah (melaino, to blacken). Black jaun- 
dice; name given to vomiting of black matter, ordi- 
narily succeeded by evacuations of the same charac- 
ter ; seems to be often a variety of haematemesis. Black 
vomit in yellow fever is owing to a morbid secretion 
from the lining membrane of the stomach and small 
intestines mixed with blood. Melaena also signifies 
hemorrhage of dark character from the intestines. 
M. fungo'sa carcino'des, haematodes fungus. 
Melaenagogus, mel-e-nag-o'gus (melaina, black, ago, 
to drive away). Medicine believed to be capable of 
expelling atrabilis or " black bile." 
Melaeno-diarrhcea, mel-e'no-de-ar-rhe'ah. Melaena. 
Melaenorrhagia, mel-e-nor-rhaj'e-ah (melaina, black, 
rhegnumi, to break forth). Melaena. 
Melaleuca cajuputl, mel-al-u'kah kaj-u'pu-te 
(melas, black, leukos, white, from the trunk being 
black and the branches white). Ord. Myrtaceae; 
plant affords the cajeput oil. See Caieput. Leaves 
are esteemed diuretic, stomachic, and emmenagogue. 
M. leucaden'dron, M. cajuputi. M. linarifo'lia, oil, 
closely resembling oil of cajuput, is obtained from 
this species; this tree, planted in low marshy ground, 
exerts a beneficial effect toward preventing malaria. 
M. mi'nor, M. cajuputi. 
Melalgia, mel-al'je-ah. Melosalgia. 
Melambo. See Melambo bark. 
Melamphonus, mel-am-fo'nus (melas, black, phone, 
voice). Having a hoarse or indistinct voice. 
Melamphyllum, mel-am-fil'lum (melas, black, phul- 
lon, leaf). Acanthus mollis. 
Melampode, mel'am-pode. Helleborus niger. 
Melampodium, mel-am-po'de-um (after the shep- 
herd Melampus, or melas, black, pous, foot, in allusion 
to the seeds). Helleborus niger. 
Melampous, mel-amp'us (melas, pous). Having 
black feet. 
Melampyrit, mel-am'pir-it. Chemical substance, 
identical with dulcitol. 
Melanaema, mel-an-e'mah (melano, haima, blood). 
Suffocation. 
Melanaemia, mel-an-e'me-ah. Venosity; morbid 
condition in which the vessels contain an unusual 
quantity of pigment. 
Melansemic, mel-an-e'mik. Eelating to, or suffer- 
ing with, melanaemia. 
Melanagogue, mel'an-a-gog (melano, ago, to expel). 
Medicines which the ancients believed adapted for 
expelling black bile or melancholy. 
Melanchlorosis, mel-an-klor-o'sis. Black jaundice; 
melaena. 
Melanchlorus, mel-an-klo'rus (melano, chloros, 
green). Ancients gave this name to certain dark- 
colored topical remedies. See Meliena. 
Melanchole, mel-an'ko-le. Atrabilis. 
Melancholia, mel-an-ko'le-ah (melano, chole, bile). 
Melancholy. M. ambulato'ria, M. errabunda. M. 
an'glica, M. in which desire for death exists. M. 
atton'ita, melancholy attended with stupor. M. au- 
tochl'rica, suicide. M. congen'ita, M., hereditary. 
M. crapulo'sa, alcoholic melancholy. M. daemon'- 
ica, demonomania. M. ebrio'sa, M., alcoholic. M. 
errabun'da, cuttubuth, kutubuth. M. flatuo'sa, hy- 
pochondriasis. M. hilaris, insanity characterized by 
exaltation. M. hypochondri'aca, hypochondriasis. 
M. hyster'ica, M., hysterical. M. malev'olens, mel- 
ancholy in which propensity to do mischief exists. 
M. ner'vea, hypochondriasis. M. nostal'gica, nostal- 
gia. M. persecutio'nis, form of melancholy in which 
fear of persecution is present. M. pleonec'tia, see 
Pleonectica. M. a po'tu, melancholy, alcoholic. M. 
sal'tans, chorea. M. suicid'ium, suicide. M. ute- 
ri'na, nymphomania. M. zoanthro'pia, melancholy. 
Melancholiac, mel-an-kol'i-ak. One affected with 
melancholy. MELANCHOLIC 
Melancholic, mel-an-kol'ik. Laboring under mel- 
ancholy; belonging or relating to melancholy. In 
popular language, one of a gloomy disposition. 
Melancholiness, mel'an-kol-e-ness. Melancholy. 
Melancholodes, mel-an-kol-o'dees. Melancholy. 
Melancholus, mel-an'ko-lus. Melancholic. 
Melancholy, mel'an-kol-e. Disease supposed by 
the ancients to be caused by black bile; variety 
of mental alienation characterized by excessive 
gloom, mistrust, and depression generally, with in- 
sanity on one particular subject or train of ideas, 
monomania, monomoria, or, on a few subjects, oligo- 
mania. Panophobia, demonomania, erotomania, nos- 
talgia, etc. may be referred to this head. Melancholy 
is also used for unusual gloominess of disposition. 
M., alcohol'ic, melancholy existing among alcoholics. 
M., amenorrhce'al, melancholy due to amenorrhcea. 
M., amorous, melancholy characterized by love for a 
person, but free from desire for sexual intercourse. 
M., anse'mic, M. due to anaemia. M., catalep'tic, M. 
in which cataleptic attacks occur. M., cataton'ic, 
catatonia. M., climacteric, M. occurring at climac- 
terium. M. without delirium, hypomelancholia. M., 
delu'sional or delir'ious, form of melancholy cha- 
racterized by delusions or ideas. M., demonopho'bic, 
demonomania. M., diabet'ic, melancholy attributed 
to diabetes as the cause. M., erot'ic, erotomania. 
M., homici'dal, M. in which individual has homicidal 
tendencies. M., hysterical, M. attributed to hys- 
teria. M., love, erotomania. M., phthisical, M. 
occurring in phthisis. M., podagrous, M. attributed 
to gout. M., reasoning, hypomelancholia. M., re- 
ligious, M. characterized by religious delusions. M., 
rheumatic, M. occurring in, and thought to be due to, 
rheumatism. M. with stupor, M. attonita. M., sui- 
ci'dal, melancholia suicidii. M., syphilitic, M. due 
to syphilis or to syphilophobia. 
Melanchrus (mel'an-krus), or Melan'ochrus (melano, 
chros, color). One attacked with black jaundice. 
Supposed by some to be an abbreviation of Melan- 
chlorus. 
Melanencephaloma, mel-an-en-sef-al-o'ma (melas, 
enkephalos). Melanotic tumor of brain. 
Melanephidrosis, mel-an-ef-id-ro'sis (melano, ephi- 
drosis). Sudor Anglicus niger. A form of chromidrosis. 
Melanianous, mel-an-e'an-us. Covered with dark 
pigment. 
Melanic, Mel'anoid, or Melanotic (melas, black). 
Of or belonging to melanosis, as melanic deposit, a 
black coloring matter deposited from the blood under 
special circumstances; see Melanosis. M. deposit, 
melanosis. 
Melanicterus, mel-an-ik'ter-us (melano, icterws, jaun- 
dice). Melsena. 
Melanidrosis, mel-an-id-ro'sis (melas, hidrosis, 
sweat). Chromidrosis; colored excretion of sweat or 
sebum. 
Melanin, mel'an-in. Dark pigment covering in- 
ternal surface of membrana choriocapillaris, consist- 
ing of several layers of pigment-cells; also occurs in 
the skin of the negro, in urine, in melanotic tumors, 
pulmonary tubercles, etc. 
Mel'anism or Melanismus, mel-an-iz'mus. Melsena. 
Change of coloration of the skin in which the pigment 
is of a deeper hue and in greater quantity than natural. 
Melano, mel'an-o (melas, black). In composition, 
black, obscure. 
Melanocan'croid. Melanotic epithelioma. 
Melanocarcinoma, mel-an-o-kar-sin-o'mah. Can- 
cer, melanotic. 
Melanocataracta, mel-an-o-kat-ar-ak'tah. Black 
cataract. 
Melanochloro'sis. Meltena. 
Melanochrus, mel-an'o-krus. Melanchrus. 
Melanoco'mus (melano, kome, hair). Having black 
or dark hair. 
Melanocytes, mel'an-o-sites. Lymphoid cells which 
derive their coloring from red blood-corpuscles. 
Melanoderma, mel-an-o-dur'mah (melano, derma, 
skin). Melanopathia. Chloasma with dark patches. 
Melano'des. Melanoid. 
677 
MELANOSYPHILOLEPIS 
Melanoedema, mel-an-e-de'mah (melas, black, oedema, 
swelling). Melanosis of the lungs. 
Melanoid, mel'an-oid. Melanic. Resembling dark 
pigment. M. can'cer, cancer, melanotic. 
Melanoleucse'mia. Melanaemia occurring in leuco- 
cythsemia. 
Melanoma, mel-an-o'mah (melano, oma). Melanosis. 
M. pulmo'num, see Melanosis. 
Melanomyces, mel-an-o-me'sees (melano, mukes, fun- 
gus). Melanospongus. 
Melanopathia, mel-an-o-path-e'ah (melano, pathos, 
affection). Melanopathy, Bigritism. Disease of the 
skin which consists in augmentation of black pig- 
ment ; generally in patches. Discoloration may vary 
from mere duskiness to the deepest tint of blackness. 
Melanopathy, mel-a-nop'a-the. Melanopathia. 
Melanophthalmus, mel-an-of-thal'mus (melas, black, 
ophthalmos, eye). Melanosis of the eye. Black-eyed. 
Melanophyma, mel-an-o-fe'mah (melas, black, phu- 
ma, growth). Secale cornutum. 
Melanopiper, mel-an-op'e-per (melano, piper, pep- 
per). Piper nigrum. 
Melanopneumon, mel-an-o-nu'mon (melano, pneu- 
mon, lung). See Melanosis. 
Melanorrhagia, mel-an-or-rhaj'e-ah (melano, rhage, 
breaking forth). Melsena. 
Melanorrhizum, mel-an-or-rhe'zum (melano, rhiza, 
root). Helleborus niger. 
Melanorrhoea, mel-an-or-rhe'ah (melas, black, rheo, 
to flow). Dark discharge. 
Melanosarcoma, mel-an-o-sar-ko'mah. Sarcoma, 
melanotic. 
Melanoscirrhus, mel-an-o-skir'rus (melas, black, 
skirrhos, tumor). Scirrhus with melanotic deposit. 
Melano'ses. Cutaneous affections including various 
forms of melasma. 
Melanosina'pis commu'nis. Black pepper. 
Melanosis, mel-an-o'sis (melas, black). Organic 
affection in which the tissue of the parts is converted, 
owing to a melanic deposit, into a black, hard, homo- 
geneous substance, near which ulcers or cavities may 
form, owing to the softening either of the substance 
itself or of some other morbid tissue-of tubercles 
especially. This morbific change affects the lungs 
particularly, when it is called Melanosis or Melanoma or 
Anthracosis, Black degeneration, Melanotic or Black can- 
cer, Black tubercle. It is also met with in the liver and 
areolar texture. The causes are very obscure. Melan- 
osis of the lungs constitutes a species of phthisis, but 
it is difficult to distinguish it from the other species 
during life. Spurious melanosis arises from the intro- 
duction of carbonaceous matter, from the action of 
chemical agents on the blood, or from stagnation of 
that fluid. Several varieties of true melanosis have 
been described, as the punctiform, tuberiform, strat- 
iform, and liquiform or fluid. Deposition of melanic 
matter in the tissues is not necessarily connected 
with malignant disease. See Cancer, melanotic, and 
Melanism. M., bil'iary, melanoderma caused by dis- 
eased or disordered condition of liver. M., can'- 
cerous, melanosarcoma. M. cuticula'ris progres- 
si'va, xeroderma pigmentosum. M. cu'tis, melanosis 
of the skin. M. cu'tis benig'na, melasma. M., false, 
M., spurious. M., gran'ular, melasma granulatum. 
M. lenticula'ris progressi'va, cutaneous affection, 
occurring very seldom; the pigment atrophies, and 
occasionally cancer is developed. M., malig'nant, 
cancer, melanotic and keloid. M. pneu'mo-melano'sis 
metallur'gica, anthracosis pulmonum. M. pulmo'- 
num, see Melanosis. M., spu'rious, see Melanosis. M. 
universa'lis, venosity. M. of wheat, ergot of wheat. 
Melanosmegma, mel-an-o-smeg'mah (melano, smeg- 
ma, act of cleansing). Saponaceous compound of 
train-oil and an alkali. 
Melanospongus, mel-an-o-spon'gus (melano, spongos, 
sponge). Tuberiform variety of melanosis of the 
lungs. 
Melanosus, mel-an-o'sus. Melanous. 
Melanosyphilolepis, mel-an-o-sif-il-ol'ep-is (melas, 
black, syphilis, lepis, scale). Syphilitic eruption black 
and scaly in character. MELANOTHANATUS 
Melanothanatus, mel-an-o-than'at-us (melano, than- 
atos, death). Black death; plague. 
Melanothrix, mel'an-o-thriks (melano, thrix, hair). 
Having black hair. 
Melanotic, mel-an-ot'ik. Melanic. M. can'cer, 
cancer, melanotic. M. sarco'ma, see Sarcoma. 
Melanotrichous, mel-an-ot'rik-us (melas, black, 
thrix, hair). Black-haired. 
Melanous, mel'an-us. Epithet applied to people 
characterized by the hair and skin being very dark 
or blackish. 
Melansls, mel-an'sis. Melanosis. M. pulmo'num, 
melanosis pulmonum. 
Melanterla, mel-an-ter'e-ah. Copperas. 
Melanthigenin, mel-an-thij'en-in. Product of me- 
lanthin derived by decomposition. 
Melanthin, mel-an'thin. Glucoside existing in seed 
of Nigella sativa. 
Melanthium, mel-an'the-um (melano, anthos, flower). 
Nigella, M. Virginicum. M. muscsetox'icum, Ami- 
anthium muscsetoxicum. M. sabadil'la, veratrum 
sabadilla. M. sati'vum, Nigella sativa. M. vi'rens, 
Veratrum viride. M. Virgin'icuxn, Leimanthium Vir- 
ginicum, Quafadil; indigenous; ord. Melanthaceae; 
said to be a sure but severe remedy for itch. 
Melanuria (mel-an-u're-ah), Melanure'sis (melas, 
black, ouron, urine). Black urine, a condition usually 
dependent on blood coloring matter or the presence 
of indigo. 
Melanuric, mel-an-u'rik. Relating to melanuria. 
Melanurin, mel-an-u'rin (melano, ouron, urine). 
Black pigment sometimes observed in urine. 
Mel'as (melas, black). Lepra nigricans. M. ic'te- 
rus, bilious form of melsena; jaundice with dark 
discoloration. 
Melasma, mel-az'mah (melasma). Black spot or ec- 
chymosis, occurring on the lower extremities of old 
people especially. Also a cutaneous affection, Melas- 
ma cutis, analogous to chloasma, differing from it only 
in the dark color of the morbid pigment. Also called 
Pityriasis nigra. An affection of the kind is seen in 
Paris in old persons, females especially, who sit over a 
charcoal fire; it is common, also, in Ireland among the 
poor, where turf fires are used, and is called by them 
the trouts. M. Addiso'ni, see Capsule, renal. M. cu'- 
tis, see Melasma. M. granula'tum, rare form of mel- 
asma, consisting of blackish granules and papules. M. 
maculo'sum, form of melasma in which macules 
appear on various parts of the body, generally situ- 
ate on leg of people advanced in years. M. supra- 
rena'le, see Capsule, renal. M. tinc'tum, see Argyria. 
M. universa'le, variety of melasma involving entire 
surface of cutis, occurring in old people especially. 
M. uteri'num, Chloasma uterinum. 
Melaspermum, mel-ah-spurm'um. Nigella sativa. 
Melasses, me-las'es. Molasses, Treacle (mel ustum), 
burnt honey). Syrup which remains after the juice 
of the sugar-cane has been subjected to all the opera- 
tions for extracting sugar from it. In the United 
States the syrup made in the process of forming 
common sugar is called molasses; that remaining 
after the refinement of sugar being termed sugar- 
house molasses or treacle. M. spir'it, rum. 
Melassic acid,'me-las'sik as'id. Product obtained 
from molasses. 
Melastearrhoea, mel-as-te-ar-rhe'ah. Chromidrosis. 
Melastoma (mel-ast'om-ah) Ackerman'ni. Tree of 
South America, yielding an oil resembling salicylate 
of methyl. 
Melatrophia (mel-a-trof'e-ah) or Melatrophy, mel- 
at'ro-fe (melos, limb, atrophia, wasting). Atrophied 
condition of limb. 
Melca, mel'kah (melka). Food made of milk, coagu- 
lated by boiling vinegar. 
Meldometer, mel-dom'e-tur (meldo, to melt, metron, 
measure). Instrument to determine the melting- 
points of minerals. 
Mele. Probe; explorator; stylet; sound. 
Melea, mel'e-ah (metis, apple-tree). Pyrus malus. 
Meleagra, mel-e-ag'rah (melos, limb, agra, pain). 
Pain in the limbs. 
678 
MELINUM 
Meledema, mel-ed-em'ah. See Melete. 
Meleguetta, mel-e-gwet'tah. Amomum grana para< 
disi. 
Melete, mel'et-e. Care; medical attention of the 
sick. 
Meletin, mel'et-in. Quercetin. 
Melezitose, mel-ez'e-toze. Melezibros. Sugar found 
in larch manna. 
Mel'i. Mel. 
Melia, mel'e-ah. Fraxinus ornus. M. azed'a- 
rach, Azedaracha amcena, Poisonberry tree, Azedarach, 
Pride of India or of China, Pridetree, Hoptree, Bead- 
tree; ord. Meliaceae. Bark of the root, Azedarach 
(Ph. U. S.), is usually given in decoction, in the pro- 
portion of three or four ounces of the hark of the 
fresh root to a quart of water, boiled down to a pint; 
dose is one or two tablespoonfuls every two or three 
hours, till purging is induced; also as an emetic. 
Sometimes formed into an ointment and used in tinea 
capitis. Tree is a native of Syria, Persia, and the north 
of India, and is abundant in the Southern States. The 
bark of Melia azadirachta, Azadirachta Indica, Neem 
tree, Margosa tree, is bitter and astringent, and is pre- 
scribed in India as a tonic and antiperiodic. Seeds 
and oil obtained from the pericarp have been regard- 
ed as anthelmintic; bark of the root as emmenagogue; 
gum which exudes from it as aphrodisiac; and the 
leaves have been applied in the form of poultice to 
ulcers and cutaneous affections. M. ter'ra (from the 
island of Melos), chalk. 
Meliaceae, mel-e-as'e-e. Natural order of trees and 
shrubs, natives of tropical Asia and America. Species 
of this order possess astringent and tonic properties; 
some act as purgatives and emetics. 
Melianthus (mel-e-an'thus) ma'jor (meli, anthos, 
flower). Ord. Zygophyllese; South African plant, 
decoction of whose leaves is a good external rem- 
edy in tinea capitis, crusta serpiginosa, necrosis, 
and foul ulcers; also useful as a gargle and lotion in 
sore throat and diseases of the gums; bruised leaves 
applied to ulcers promote granulation. M. grandi- 
flo'ra, Calamintha grandiflora. M. mi'nor, small 
Cape honey-flower, containing a blackish honey of 
disagreeable odor. 
Meliasmus, mel-e-az'mus. Glanders. 
Melib'iose. Melitose. 
Melicera, mel-is-er'ah (meli, keros, wax). Porrigo 
favosa. 
Meliceria, mel-is-er'e-ah. Porrigo favosa. 
Meliceris, mel-is'er-is. Encysted tumor filled with 
a substance resembling honey; also porrigo favosa. 
Melicero'ma. Meliceris. 
Melicerous (mel-is'er-us) or Melicer'itous. Having 
the character of meliceris, as a melicerous tumor. 
Melicerum, mel-is-e'rum. Porrigo favosa. 
Melicheium (mel-e-ki'um) or Melicheion (meli, cheo, 
to pour out). Honey-like discharge from an ulcer. 
Melich'rous (meli, chroa, color). Having the color 
of honey; sweetened with honey. 
Melicratum, mel-e-krat'um (meli, kerao, to mix). 
Hydromeli. 
Melifavium, mel-e-fav'e-um (meli, fames, honey- 
comb). Meliceris; porrigo favosa. 
Meligeion, mel-e-ji'on (meli, honey). Fetid humor 
of the consistence of honey discharged from ulcers, 
accompanied with caries of a bone. 
Mel'ilot. Melilotus. 
Melilo'tal. Oily liquid derived from melilot herb. 
Melilotic acid, mel-e-lot'ik as'id. Acid derived 
from Melilotus officinalis. 
Melilotus, mel-e-lo'tus. Trifolium melilotus. 
Melimelum, mel-e-ma'lum (meli, melon, apple). 
Name given to two compounds: one of honey and 
quince, the other of honey and apples. 
Melinephidro'sis (melinos, of a quince color, ephi- 
drosis, perspiration). Excessive yellow perspiration 
observed in some forms of fever and in jaundice; it 
is sometimes due to overindulgence in rhubarb.. 
Melini sulphas, mel-e'ne sul'fas (from the island 
of Melos). Cadmii sulphas. 
Melinum, mel-e'num (melinori). Ancient name of M ELI PHYLLUM 
an ointment and plasters. M. sulphu'ricum, cadmii 
sulphas. 
Meliphyllum, mel-e-fil'lum (meli, phullon, leaf). 
Melissa. 
Melissa, mel-is'sah (bee, because bees gather honey 
from it). Balm. Ord. Labiatse. Leaves and tops 
of balm, Melissa (Ph. U. S.), have a pleasant odor 
and an austere and aromatic taste. Balm was for- 
merly much used in nervous diseases, but is now only 
employed when made into tea, as a diluent in febrile 
affections. Basis of a celebrated preparation-Agua 
Carmelitana, Carmelite water. M. calamin'tha, Cala- 
mint, Nespite; plant smells like wild mint, though 
more agreeably; used popularly as a tea in dyspepsia, 
flatulent colic, hysteria, uterine obstructions, etc. 
M. Canarien'sis, Cracocephalum Canariense. M. ci- 
tra'ta, melissa. M. citri'na, melissa. M. clinopo'- 
dium, Clinopodium vulgare. M. grandiflo'ra, Moun- 
tain calamint; plant resembles the last in virtues. 
M. hirsu'ta, melissa. M. horten'sis, melissa. M. 
hu'mills, Melittis melissophyllum. M. nepe'ta, Field 
calamint, Spotted calamint; formerly used as an aro- 
matic. M. offlcina'lis, melissa. M. pulegioi'des, 
hedeoma. M. Roma'na, melissa. M. tra'gi, Melittis 
melissophyllum. M. tur'cica, Dracocephalum Cana- 
riense. M. wa'ter, aqua melissse. 
Melissobotanum, mel-is-so-bot'-an-um (melissa, bot- 
ane, plant). Melissa. 
Melissobotos, mel-is-sob'o-tos (melissa, bee, bosko, to 
feed). Melissa. 
Melissophyllum, mel-is-so-fil'lum (melissa, phullon, 
leaf). Melissa; Melittis melissophyllum. 
Melitaemia (mel-it-e'me-ah) or Melithae'mia (meli, 
haima, blood). Condition of the circulating fluid in 
which it contains an unusual quantity of saccharine 
matter. 
Melitaana, mel-it-e'nah (melitaina). Melissa. 
Melitagra, mel-it-ag'rah (meli, agra, seizure). Im- 
petigo. M. flaves'cens, eczema of the face with yel- 
low crusts. M. parturien'tium, malagra parturi- 
entium. 
Melitagria, mel-it-ag're-ah (meli, agrios,wilA). Im- 
petigo. 
Meliteia, mel-it-i'ah. Melissa. 
Melithaemia, mel-it-he'me-ah. Melitaemia. 
Melithyperuria, mel-ith-ip-er-u're-ah (meli, hyper, 
in excess, our on, urine). Diabetes mellitus. 
Melitis, mel-e'tis (melon, cheek). Inflammation of 
the cheek. 
Melitismus, mel-it-iz'mus. Therapeutical use of 
honey. 
Melitites, mel-it-e'tees (meli, honey). Hydromeli. 
Melitoptyalism, mel-it-o-ti'al-izm (meli, ptualon, 
saliva). Copious secretion of sweet-tasted saliva. 
Melitoptyalon, mel-it-o-ti'al-on (meli, honey, ptu- 
alon, saliva). Sweet-tasted saliva containing glu- 
cose. 
Melitose, mel'it-oze. Saccharine matter derived 
from Eucalyptus manna ; has the same composition 
as cane-sugar. 
Melitta mel-it'tah. Bee. 
Melittis, mel-it'tis. Melissa. M. grandiflo'ra, Melit- 
tis melissophyllum. M. melissophyl'lum, Bastard 
balm, ord. Labiatae; plant was formerly employed like 
the balm in uterine obstructions. M. sylves'tris, 
M. melissophyllum. 
Melituria, mel-it-u're-ah (meli, ouron, urine). Urine, 
diabetic. See Diabetes. M. ino'sita, urine contains 
inosite. 
Melitus (mel-e'tus) or Meili'tus (meli). Appertain- 
ing to honey. Of the nature of or sweetened with 
honey. 
Melizomum, mel-e-zo'mum (meli, zomos, broth). 
Mead, Metheglin. Drink prepared with honey. 
Melizo'ron. Melizomum. 
Mellago, mel-lah'go (meli). Any medicine having 
the consistency of honey. Fluid extract. 
Melleoleus, mel-le-ol'e-us. Eelating to or mixed 
with honey. 
Melleous, mel'le-us. Having an odor or taste like 
honey. 
679 
MELO PLASTIC 
Mellicratum, mel-le-kra'tum (meli, kerao, to mix). 
Hydromeli. 
Mellifavium, mel-le-fa've-um (meli, favus, honey- 
comb). Porrigo favosa. 
Melliferous (mel-lif'er-us) or Mellific, mel-lif'ik. 
Producing honey. 
Melligenous, mel-lij'en-us. Melleous. 
Melligetta, mel-le-get'ah. Meleguetta. 
Melligo, mel-le'go. Honey-dew. Substance con- 
taining saccharose, occurring on leaves of maples 
and other trees. 
Mellina, mel-le'nah (meli). Melizomum. 
Melli'ta. Officinal name of several honeys. 
Mellithsemia, mel-lith-e'me-ah. Glycohsemia. 
Mellitum, mel-le'tum (meZ). Prepared honey; med- 
icated honey; syrup prepared with honey. M. de 
ac'etate cu'pri, linimentum aeruginis. M. de mer- 
curial! compos'itum (succ. purif. mercurialis, tbij ; 
boraginis, anchusae officinalis, aa ibss; iris pseuda- 
cori radicis recent., : rad. sicc. gentianae, ; 
mellis, Tbiij ; vini albi, §xiij); cathartic, stomachic, 
etc. M. rosa'tum, mel rosae. M. de ro'sis, mel rosae. 
M. sim'plex, Syrup of honey; demulcent. 
Mellituria, mel-le-tu're-ah. Melituria. 
Mellitus, mel-le'tus. Melitus. 
Me'lo aquat'icus. Cucumis citrullus. 
Meloaemia, mel-o-e'me-ah (melas, black, haima, 
blood). State of blood characterized by its incoagula- 
bility, black color, and septic properties. 
Melobesia, mel-o-be'ze-ah. Genus of Algae, pos- 
sessing therapeutical virtues of chalk. 
Melocampyle, mel-o-kam'pe-le. Distortion of 
limbs. 
Melocarpus, mel-o-karp'us. Fruit of Aristolochia 
clematitis. 
Melochia corchorifolia, mel-ok'e-ah kor-kor-e-fo'- 
le-ah. Plant growing in the East Indies; employed 
there externally for snake-bites. 
Melochitis, mel-o-ke'tis. Armenites, Armenian stone. 
Variety of blue carbonate found in Germany, the 
Tyrol, and especially in Armenia; formerly employed 
as a cardiac, and as proper for purging away melan- 
choly. 
Melodidymus, mel-o-did'e-mus (melon, limb, didu- 
mos, double). Double member or limb. 
Mel'oe maia'lis. See Cantharis. M. ni'ger, M. 
Pennsylvanicus, class Insecta, ord. Coleoptera. Blis- 
tering fly, native of the United States; it feeds upon 
Prunella vulgaris or self-heal, and Ambrosia trifida or 
stickweed. These flies resemble the Spanish flies in 
properties. M. Pennsylvan'icus, M. niger. M. pro- 
scarabse'us, anciently used as a diuretic and anti- 
hydrophobic; see Cantharis. M. vesicato'rius, can- 
tharis. 
Melolontha (mel-ol-onth'ah) vulga'ris. Insect 
said to possess aphrodisiac properties. 
Melomele, mel-om'el-e. Melimelium. 
Melom'eles (melos, limb, meleos, unprofitable). Mon- 
ster with supernumerary limbs. Condition is called 
Melomelia. 
Mel'on (melon, apple). Disorder of the eye in 
which it protrudes out of the socket; see Exophthal- 
mia. Also Cucumis melo: seeds are officinal and are 
diuretic. M. plant, Cucumis melo. M., water, Cu- 
curbita citrullus. 
Meloncus, mel-on'kus (melon, cheek, onkos, tumor). 
Tumor of the cheek. 
Melongena, mel-on'jen-ah (melon, apple). Solanum 
melongena. 
Mel'on-seed bod'ies. Bodies resembling melon- 
seeds, sometimes observed in joints and sheaths of 
tendons. 
Meloplacuntium, mel-o-plak-un'she-um. Melo- 
placus. 
Meloplacus, mel-op'lak-us (melon, quince, plakous, 
cake). A compound obtained by boiling wine, honey, 
quince, pepper, etc. together. 
Meloplastic, mel-o-plas'tik (melon, cheek, plasso, to 
form). Genoplastic. An epithet for the operation for 
forming a new cheek when any part of it has been 
lost, the operation being called Meloplasty. MELOS 
Me'los. Membrum. Member; limb; an organized 
part composed of other parts. 
Melosal'gia (melos, limb, algos, pain). Pain in a 
limb. 
Meloschisis, me-los'kis-is (melon, cheek, schisis, fis- 
sure). Congenital fissure of the face embracing the 
upper lip and cheek. 
Melosis, mel-o'sis (mele, probe). The act of probing 
a wound, ulcer, etc.; catheterism. 
Meloth'ria pen'dula. Creeping cucumber; fruit is 
purgative. 
Melothrum, mel-o'thrum. Bryonia alba. 
Melotis, mel-o'tis (mele, probe, ous, ear). A small 
probe; a probe for the ear. See Apyromele. 
Melotridymus, mel-o-trid'e-mus (melos, limb, tridu- 
mos, threefold). Foetal monstrosity with three sets 
of limbs. 
Melotris, mel-o'tris. Melotis. 
Melt. Spleen; also the sperm of fish; milt. 
Melt'ing. Fusion. 
Me'lum. An apple; fruit in general; also a round, 
firm female breast; the cheek, mala. The apple-eye 
or melon-eye is an apple-formed projection of the eye 
from the orbit. See Melon. M. Armeni'acum, Prunus 
Armeniaca. M. Cydo'nium, see Pyms Cydonia. 
Melustum, mel-us'tum (burnt honey). Melasses. 
Mem'ber. Membrum. M., viri'le, penis. 
Membra pudenda, mem'brah pu-den'dah. Genital 
organs. M. vil'ia, pudibilia, 
Membrana, mem-bra'nah {quia membra tegit, because 
it covers limbs). Membrane. M. abdom'inis, peri- 
toneum. M. adamantin'ea, cuticle of tooth. M. adi- 
po'sa, cellular membrane. M. adventitia, decidua 
reflexa. M. agni'na, amnios. M. albugin'ea pro- 
fun'da, see Albugineous. M. albugin'ea superficia'lis, 
see Albugineous. M. allantoi'des, allantois. M. am- 
phiblestroi'des, retina. M. aponeurot'ica, aponeu- 
rosis. M. arachnoi'dea, hyaloid membrane. M. 
aryepiglot'tica, arytaeno-epiglottic fold. M-ae at- 
lan'tico-occipital'es, occipito-atlantal ligaments. M. 
basila'ris, a delicate membrane in the cochlea, 
stretched across from the free margin of the osseous 
lamina to the outer part of the spiral canal. The two 
zones into which the basilar membrane is divisible 
are called habenula tecta or arcuata, and the eona pec- 
tinata. M. blastoder'mica, blastoderma. M. Bruch'ii, 
choroidea tunica. M. cadu'ca, decidua. M. c. re- 
flex'a, decidua reflexa. M. c. ve'ra, decidua vera. 
M. capsula'ris tes'tis, albuginea. M. cap'sulo-pu- 
pilla'ris, see Crystalline. M. carno'sa, dartos. M. 
cellulo'sa, cellular membrane; decidua (membrana). 
M. cer'ebri mol'lis, pia mater. M. cer'ebri pro'pria, 
pia mater. M. cer'ebri ten'uis, pia mater. M. cho'- 
rii, chorion. M. chorio-capilla'ris, see Choroidea 
tunica. M. circumcin'gens, periosteum. M. circum- 
ossa'lis, periosteum. M. commu'nis, decidua. M. 
cor circumplex'a, pericardium. M. cor'dis, pericar- 
dium. M. coro'nae cilia'ris, ciliary zone. M. Cort'ii, 
see Corti, organ of. M. costa'lis, pleura. M. co'stas 
succin'gens, pleura. M. cras'sa, decidua reflexa. M. 
cribrifor'mis, decidua. M. cribro'sa, decidua. M. 
cumuli, stratum proligerum. M. cuticula'ris, dura 
mater. M. decid'ua, decidua. M. decid'ua exter'na, 
decidua vera. M. decid'ua menstrua'lis, decidua, 
menstrual. M. decid'ua reflex'a, decidua reflexa. M. 
decid'ua seroti'na, see Decidua. M. Demoursi, M. of 
Demours. M. demuria'na, see Aqueous humor and 
Cornea. M. denta'ta, denticulatum ligamentum. M. 
dermato'des, dura mater. M. Descemet'ii, see Aqueous 
humor and Cornea. M. diaphrat'ton, mediastinum. 
M. Duddelia'na, see Aqueous humor. M. dura cer'e- 
brum am'biens, dura mater. M. e'boris (ebur, ivory), 
a membrane connected with the development of the 
teeth, which is made up of a number of cells, odonto- 
blasts, arranged perpendicularly on the surface imme- 
diately over the plexus of vessels in the central portion 
of the dental papilla. M. elas'tica, membrane, elastic. 
M. epicra'nia, galea aponeurotica capitis. M. excor- 
ia'bilis, dartos. M. exter'na den'tium, tapetum 
alveoli. M. exter'na system'atis nervo'si centra'lis, 
dura. M. farcimina'lis, allantois. M. fenes'trse ro- 
680 
MEMBRANA 
tun'dse, see Fenestra. M. fenestra'ta, delicate gran- 
ular membrane perforated with holes, placed between 
the internal and external granule-layers of the 
retina; see Retina and Artery. M. fibro'sa tym'- 
pani, middle layer of membrana tympani. M. flla- 
mento'sa, decidua reflexa. M. fiac'cida, part of 
membrana tympani extending over notch of Rivi- 
nus. M. flocculen'ta, decidua. M. foe'tum invol'- 
vens, amnion. M. fus'ca, see Sclerotic. M. germi- 
nati'va, blastoderm. M. granulo'sa, Granular mem- 
brane or layer; layer of yellow granular matter liniug 
the inner layer of the Graafian follicle, and regarded 
by Kolliker as epithelium. M. humo'ris a'quei, see 
Aqueous humor. M. hyaloi'dea, see Hyaloid. M. 
hyo-epiglot'tica, hyo-epiglottic ligament. M. inter- 
me'dia, mesoblast. M. intermuscula'ria brach'ii, 
ligamenta intermuscularia brachii. M. inter'na, 
endopleura. M. inter'na system'atis nervo'si cen- 
tra'lis, pia. M. inter spina'lis, interspinal ligament. 
M. intestina'lis, allantois. M. intrachorioi'dea, tu- 
nica Ruyschiana and membrana brachii taken as one. 
M. ir'idis ante'rior, lamella iridis anterior. M. ir'- 
idis poste'rior, composed of cells situate between 
dilatator pupilhe and pigmentary layer of iris. M. 
Jaco'bi, tunica Jacobi. M. Jaco'bi Ar'nold, see Iris. 
M. lamino'sa, Laminar membrane; membrane invest- 
ing the fcetal surface of the placenta when the am- 
nion is removed, considered to be the remains of the 
allantois formed out of a thickened reticulated magma 
upon the fcetal surface. M. ligamento'sa, ligamen- 
tum tectorium. M. lim'itans, see Membrane, base- 
ment, Iris, Membrane, limitary or limiting. M. lim'- 
itans olfacto'ria, membrane over surface of olfactory 
epithelium. M. lim'itans ret'inae, limiting mem- 
brane of retina. M. lin'guse, see Tongue. M. loca'- 
lis, pia. M. macilen'tior, epiploon, gastrohepatic. 
M. me'dia, tunica media. M. me'dia cer'ebri, 
arachnoid. M. mol'lis, pia. M. muco'sa, see Mem- 
brane and Decidua. M. muscula'ris muco'sse, smooth 
muscular fibres forming a proper layer in the mucous 
membrane of the intestines. M. nervo'rum, neuri- 
lemma. M. nic'titans, valvula semilunaris. M. ob- 
li'qua, ligamentum rotundum antibrachii. M. obtu- 
rato'ria, membrane or ligament which almost en- 
tirely covers the obturator foramen. M. obturato'- 
ria fenes'trse rotun'dae, membrana tympaui secun- 
daria. M. obturato'ria laryn'gis, thyro-hyoid mem- 
brane. M. obturato'ria sta'pedis, fine membrane 
between the two rami and base of stapes. M. obtu- 
rato'ria ventric'uli quar'ti, valve of Vieussens. M. 
olfacto'ria, pituitary membrane. M. os'sa amplec'- 
tans, periosteum. M. os'sis, periosteum. M. o'vi 
mater'na, decidua. M. o'vuli cortica'lis, membrane 
of the egg-shell. M. pala'ti, mucous membrane of 
hard palate. M. pellu'cida, amnion. M. pharyn'go- 
basila'ris, pharyngeal aponeurosis. M. pigment'!, 
see Choro'idea tunica and Iris. M. pinguedino'sa, see 
Cellular membrane. M. pin'guis intestino'rum, mes- 
entery. M. pituita'ria, pituitary membrane; see 
Membrane. M. pituito'sa, see Membrane. M. pleu- 
rit'ica, pleura. M. prseexis'tens, decidua. M. prae- 
formati'va, Preformative membrane. Structureless 
membrane situate between the enamel pulp and the 
enamel, believed by some to be the most external 
layer of the matrix, projecting beyond the odonto- 
blasts. As the presence of such a membrane can only 
be demonstrated after the use of chemical reagents, 
it is considered by others to be only an artificial re- 
sult from their employment. M. prseten'sa, perito- 
neum. M. prolif'era, blastoderm. M. prolig'era, 
discus proligerus. M. pro'pria, basement membrane 
and Folliculi Graafiani; see Cortex ovi. M. pro'pria 
cer'ebri, pia. M. pro'pria ster'ni, membrane over 
the sternum, formed by junction of the sterno-costal 
ligaments with the periosteum. M. pro'pria tu'- 
bse, lining over cartilage of Eustachian tube. M. 
pulmo'num, pleura pulmonalis. M. pupilla'ris, 
pupillary membrane. M. pupilla'ris persev'erans, 
see Pupillary membrane. M. putam'inis (putamen, 
shell or husk), membrane adherent to the inner sur- 
face of the egg-shell-putamen or testa ovi. M. quad- MEMBRANACEOUS 
rangula'ris, portion of membrana elastica laryngis 
situate above false vocal cord. M. reticula'ris ret'- 
inae, external membrane of retina. M. retifor'mis 
cho'rii, decidua reflexa. M. reu'niens, consisting of 
M. r. inferior and M. r. superior; term applied to 
processes of the protovertebrae. M. Ruyschia'na, 
choroid (inner layer). M. saccifor'mis, separate 
synovial membrane for the inferior radio-cubital 
articulation which covers the upper surface of the 
triangular ligament, and the sort of incomplete ring 
which circumscribes the head of the ulna. M. semi- 
luna'ris conjunctivae, M. nictitans. M. semipellu'- 
cida, caligo. M. sero'sa, membrane, serous. M. 
sero'tina, decidua serotina. M. sinuo'sa, decidua. 
M. spongio'sa, decidua. M. subcosta'lis, pleura. M. 
succin'gens, diaphragm, pleura. M. superchoroi/dea 
or suprachoroi'dea, numerous bands of connection 
existing between the sclerotic and choroid coats of 
the eye which are sometimes developed into a net- 
work, to which this name is given. M. tecto'ria 
{tectum, roof), Membrane of Corti. Elastic membrane 
in the cochlea, attached at one edge to the membrane 
of Reissner, and on the other to the peripheral 
wall of the cochlea a little above the basilar mem- 
brane ; see Corti. M. ten'uis, arachnoid. M. ter'tia, 
membrana nictitans. M. testa'cea, membrana testae. 
M. tes'tae, Shell membrane; membrane lining shell 
of the bird's egg: a simple membrane. M. thora'- 
cem intersep'iens, mediastinum. M. transver'sa, 
membrane between rings of trachea and bronchi. 
M. tym'pani, see Tympanum. M. tym'pani secunda'- 
ria, M. obturatoria fenestrae rotundas. M. urina'ria, 
allantois. M. u'teri inter'na evolu'ta, decidua. M. 
u'vea, uvea. M. vagi'nae praeten'sa, hymen. M. 
vasculo'sa cer'ebri, pia mater. M. vaso'rum com- 
mu'nis, endangium. M. velamento'sa, see Rods of 
Corti. M. verricula'ris, retina. M. versic'olor, pecu- 
liar membrane situated immediately behind the retina 
and in connection with it; separable into distinct lay- 
ers from the choroid, and supplied with blood-vessels. 
M. vestibular'is, membrane of Reissner; see Lamina 
denticulata. M. villo'sa, decidua reflexa. M. virgin- 
itat'is, hymen. M. vitelli'na, zona pellucida. M. 
vit'rea, hyaloid. M. vocal'is, portion of mucous 
membrane of larynx covering vocal cords. M. Wach- 
endorfia'na, pupillary membrane. M. Zin'nii, lamella 
iridis anterior; see Iris. 
Membranaceous, mem-bran-a'she-us. Membranous. 
Membrane, mem'brane. Name given to different 
thin organs representing a species of supple, more or 
less elastic webs, varying in their structure and 
vital properties, and intended, in general, to absorb 
or secrete certain fluids, and to separate, envelop, and 
form other organs. Simple membranes comprise three 
orders: 1. Mucous membrane, so called on account of 
the mucous fluid by which it is constantly lubri- 
cated. Mucous membranes line the canals, cavities, 
and hollow organs which communicate externally by 
different apertures on the skin. Bichat refers them 
to two great divisions-the gastro-pulmonary and the 
genito-urinary. Mucous membranes have a striking 
analogy with the cutaneous tissue in organization, 
functions, and diseases. They are composed of corium, 
papillae, and epidermis, and are furnished with a mul- 
titude of follicles which secrete a viscid humor-mu- 
cus. They receive a number of arterial vessels, veins, 
lymphatics, and nerves. 2. The Serous membranes 
are transparent, thin, and composed of one lamina 
One surface adheres to other textures, the other is 
smooth, polished, and moistened by a serous fluid. 
They are arranged-in the form of sacs without aper- 
tures-as great intermediate reservoirs for the ex- 
halant and absorbent systems, in which the serous 
fluid in passing from one system tarries some time 
before it enters the other. Serous membranes resemble 
the areolar membrane in structure and diseases. They 
facilitate the motion on each other of the organs 
which they envelop. They may be divided into (a) 
Serous membranes, properly so called, as the arachnoid, 
pleura, peritoneum, and tunica vaginalis, (b) Syno- 
vial membranes or capsules, which belong to joints, 
681 
MEMBRANE 
tendons, aponeuroses, etc. These membranes-mucous 
and serous-are constituted of similar layers-epithe- 
lium, basement membrane, condensed areolar tissue- 
and a looser form of areolar tissue, termed submucous 
in one case, subserous in the other. 3. Fibrous mem- 
branes are almost all continuous, and terminate at the 
periosteum, their common centre. They have been 
divided into: 1. Enveloping aponeuroses, Aponeuroses 
of insertion, Fibrous capsules of the joints, and Fibrous 
sheaths of tendons; 2. The Periosteum; dura mater, 
Sclerotica, Tunica albuginea testis, Fibrous membrane of 
the spleen, etc. Fibrous membranes are not free or 
moistened by any particular fluid, adhere by both 
surfaces to the neighboring parts, are firm, resisting, 
but slightly elastic, and of a white color; sometimes 
pearly and glistening. Their vessels are numerous 
in some, as in the dura mater and periosteum; in 
others scarcely perceptible, as in the aponeuroses. 
Fibrous membranes, in general, augment the solidity 
of the organs which they envelop ; retain the muscles 
in their respective positions; favor the motion of the 
limbs, and that of the muscles and skin; form canals 
and rings for the passage of different organs, etc. 
The three chief species of Compound membranes are : 
1. Serofibrous, formed of a serous and fibrous lamina, 
intimately adherent to each other; as pericardium, 
dura mater, and tunica albuginea. 2. Seromucous, 
formed of a serous and mucous lamina; as the gall- 
bladder at its lower part. 3. Fibromucous, constituted 
of the union of a fibrous and mucous membrane; 
as the mucous membrane of the nasal fossae, gums, etc. 
Mem'brane, accident'al, M., false. M., adventit- 
ious, M., false. M., anhist'ous, decidua. M-s, an'i- 
mal, membranes enveloping foetus. M. of a'queous 
hu'mor, membrana humoris aquei. M., arach'noid, 
see Arachnoid. M. of Arnold, see Iris. M., base'- 
ment, Primary or Limitary basement; delicate struc- 
tureless lamella of membrane found beneath the epi- 
dermis or epithelium on all the free surfaces of the 
body, and as a basis on which the constituents of parts, 
as of the iris, retina, etc., rest. M., bas'ilar, membrana 
basilaris; see also Corti. M. bones, those originating 
from membrane. M. of Bruch, see Choro'idea tunica. 
M-s, cer'ebral, dura, arachnoid, and pia. M., cho- 
roid, choroidea tunica. M. of Corti, see Membrana 
tectoria and Corti. M., costocor'acoid, see Pectoralis 
minor. M., cricothy'roid, see Cricothyroid. M., dys- 
menorrhce'al, see Dysmenorrhoea. M., elas'tic, mem- 
brane formed of the elastic areolar tissue, and occur- 
ring in the coats of vessels, especially in the arteries, 
in the trachea, and bronchi, etc. M. of the enam'el, 
cuticula. M., false, Accidental or Adventitious mem- 
brane, Pseudomembrane; membranous productions 
which form on all the free natural surfaces and on 
every free accidental surface are so called; are in 
general produced by the exudation of fibrinous mat- 
ter susceptible of organization, which takes place in 
consequence of inflammation of the various tissues. 
These accidental membranes occur on the skin after 
the application of a blister ; on mucous surfaces, as in 
croup; on the parietes of inflamed veins and arteries, 
etc. Cicatrices of wounds are formed of them. By 
some it has been proposed to give the name pseudo- 
membrane to fibrinous exudations, as in diphtheritis, 
which are devoid of organization, whilst neomembrane 
may be applied to such fresh productions, as from 
serous membranes, as have become supplied with ves- 
sels and nerves. M., fen'estrated, see Artery. M., 
fer'tile, endocept. M., fi'brous, see Membrane. M., 
fi'brous, of eye, sclerotic. M., germ, blastoderm. M., 
ger'minal, see Blastoderm and Molecule. M., gran'u- 
lar, membrana granulosa. M., hap'togen, see Hap- 
togenous. M., homoge'neous, membrane of very del- 
icate structure situated directly over tissue of villi of 
human placenta. M., Hux'ley's, see Huxley. M., 
hy'aline, membrana propria. M., hy'aloid, see Hya- 
loid membrane. M., hyo-epiglot'tic, membrana hyo- 
epiglottica. M., hyo-thyreoid, membrana hyo-thyre- 
oidea. M., intercos'tal, fascia, intercostal. M., in- 
ter'nal, of heart, endocardium. M., interos'seous, 
membrana interossea. M., Interos'seous, of forearm, MEMBRANELESS 
membrana interossea antibrachii. M., interos'seous, 
of leg, membrana interossea cruris. M., investing, 
membrane, haptogenous. M. of i'vory, membrana 
eboris. M., Ja'cob's, tunica Jacobi. M., keratog'- 
enous, matrix of nail. M., laminar, membrana 
laminosa. M., limitary or limiting, of retina, 
primary or structureless membrane lining the retina, 
and becoming blended at its anterior portion with the 
hyaloid membrane; see Retina. M., med'ullary, en- 
dosteum. M., mu'cous, see Membrane. M. nasal'e, 
pituitary membrane. M., Nas'myth's, cuticula den- 
tis. M., nic'titating or nic'tating, membrana nicti- 
tans. M., nu'clear, membrane enveloping cell-nucleus. 
M., ob'turator, see Obturator. M., olfac'tory, see 
Olfactory nerves and Pituitary membrane. M., o'vular, 
membrana vitellina. M., perforated, see Artery. M., 
periodon'tal, periosteum, dental. M., perior'bital, 
periorbita. M., praeform'ative, membrana praeform- 
ativa. M., pri'mary, basement membrane. M., pro- 
lig'erous, discus proligerus. M., pseu'do, false mem- 
brane. M., pupillary, see Pupillary. M., pyogenic, 
layer of granulated tissue, rich in vessels, inside of 
an abscess. M. of Reich'ert, Bowman's layer. M. 
of Reiss'ner, see Lamina denticulata. M. of Ruysch, 
M. chorio-capillaris; choroid (inner layer); Ruyschia 
tunica. M. of Schwann, neurilemma. M., Schneider'- 
ian, pituitary membrane. M., se'rous, see Membrane. 
M., shell, membrana testae. M. of Shrapnell, mem- 
brana flaccida. M., simple, see Membrane. M., 
struc'tureless, membrana propria. M., suhepithe' 
lial, of Debove, endothelium; see Epithelial. M., 
syno'vial, see Membrane. M., tecto'rial, organ of 
Corti. M. of Tenon, fascia of Tenon. M., testa'ceous, 
membrana putaminis. M., thy'ro-hy'oid, see Thyro- 
hyoid. M., tu'bular, neurilemma. M., tym'panal, 
see Tympanum. M., tympanic, see Tympanum. M., 
un'dulatory, of a spermatozo'oid, membrane of deli- 
cate structure uniting spiral filament of spermato- 
zooid with body and tail. M., u'tero-epicho'rial, 
decidua vera. M., vas'cular, choro'idea tunica. M., 
vesic'ular syno'vial, bursa mucosa. M., vir'ginal, 
hymen. M., vitellary, zona pellucida. M., vit'reous, 
membrane of Descemet. M., yolk, membrane, vitelline. 
Membraneless, mem'bran-less. Devoid of mem- 
brane. 
Membraneous, mem-bran'e-us. Membranous. 
Membranes of brain. These are the dura mater, 
arachnoid, and pia mater. M. of the foe'tus, the mem- 
branes ; membranes which immediately envelop the 
foetus in the cavity of the uterus, and the rupture of 
which gives rise to the discharge of the liquor amnii. 
These membranes are the decidua, chorion, and am- 
nion. M. of spi'nal cord, the same as those of the 
brain. M., the, membranes of the foetus. 
Membraniform, mem'bran-i-form {membrana, forma, 
shape). Resembling a membrane. Name given to 
thin and flat parts which resemble membranes. M. 
mus'cles, very broad and thin muscles, as the platys- 
ma myoides, obliquus abdominis, etc. 
Membranine, mem'bran-een. Having the character 
of a membrane. 
Membrano-carneous, mem-bra'no-kar'ne-us. Pos- 
sessing membranous and fleshy structure. 
Membranocranium, mem-bran-o-kran'e-um {mem- 
brana, hr anion, skull). Membranous condition of 
embryonic skull before ossification has taken place. 
Membranogenic, mem-bran-o-jen'ik. Producing 
membrane. 
Membranoid, mem'bran-oid. Membraniform. 
Membranology, mem-bran-ol'o-je. Treatise on 
structure, etc. of membranes. 
Membranosus, mem-bran-o'sus. Fascia lata muscle. 
Membranous. 
Membranous, mem'bra-nus. Having the nature 
of membrane ; formed of membrane. M. lab'yrinth, 
see Labyrinth. M. portion of ure'thra, see Urethra. 
M. semicir'cular canals', see Semicircular canals. M. 
spi'ral lamina, see Corti. 
Membranula (mem-bran'u-lah) (dim. of Membrana) 
or Membran'ulet. Hymenium; membranule. M. 
coro'nae cilia'ris, see Ciliary. M. lunat'a vagi'nae, 
682 
MENINGIS GUSTOS 
hymen. M. nervo'rum, neurilemma. M. semiluna'- 
ris conjuncti'vEe, valvula semilunaris. 
Membranule (mem'bran-ule) or Membran'ula. 
Small membrane. 
Membrosus, mem-bro'sus {membrum, male organ). 
One whose penis is very large. 
Mem'brum. Limb, Member. The limbs or extremities 
or members of animals are certain parts exterior to 
the body, which are more or less apparent, long, and 
movable. By means of their limbs animals transport 
themselves from one place to another and defend 
themselves or attack others. In man they are four 
in number-two upper or thoracic, and two lower, pel- 
vic or abdominal. Also the male organ. M. genita'le 
viro'rum, penis. M. mulieb're, clitoris. M. semi- 
na'le, penis. M. viri'le, penis. 
Memoria, me-mo're-ah. Cerebral faculty by which 
past impressions are recalled to the mind. 
Memory (mem'o-re), loss of. Amnesia. 
Memphites (mem-fe'tees) lapis. Stone found near 
ancient Memphis; esteemed narcotic. 
Menagogues, men'a-gogs {menes, ago, to drive). Em- 
menagogues. 
Mendacia unguium, men-dah'se-ah un'gwe-um 
{mendax, false, unguis, nail). See Flores unguium. 
Mendesion, men-des'e-on. 2Egyptiacum. 
Mendosus, men-do'sus {mendax, false). False; re- 
lating to incomplete parts, as floating ribs. 
Me'ne. Moon. 
Menecratis accipiter, men-ek-rat'is ak-sip'it-ur. 
Bandage shaped like a hawk's claw. 
Menelcosis, men-el-ko'sis {menes, helkosis, ulcer). 
Vicarious menstruation from an ulcer. 
Menes, men'ees. Menses. 
Menfrige, men'fre-je. See Pistacia lentiscus. 
Menidrosis, men-id-ro'sis {menes, hidrosis, sweat- 
ing). Sweating of menstrual blood. 
Meniere's disease, ma'ne-air's dis-ease'. Laby- 
rinthic, auditory, or aural vertigo. Affection described 
by Dr. Paul Meniere in 1861, in which the patient, 
after recovering consciousness from an apoplectiform 
attack or severe vertigo, finds himself totally deaf in 
one ear, with tinnitus aurium, rotatory movements 
toward the affected side, etc. 
Meningarthrocace, men-in-gar-throk'as-e {meningo, 
arthron, joint, kakos, diseased). Inflammation of the 
membranes of a joint. When accompanied with 
fibrinous exudation from the synovial membrane, it 
is called Arthromeningitis crouposa; with suppuration, 
A. purulenta. 
Meningeal, men-in'je-al. Relating to the 
meninges, or merely to the dura mater. M. ap'- 
oplexy, see Apoplexy. M. ar'tery, mid'dle, largest 
of the branches given off by the internal maxillary 
artery. It enters the cranium by the foramen spinale, 
and distributes its branches chiefly to the dura mater. 
M. grooves, sulci meningei. M. nerve, branch given 
off by jugular ganglion of pneumogastric, which re- 
turns to the cranium and innervates the meninges. 
M. veins, inter'nal, follow the meningeal arteries. 
M. veins, middle, tributaries of ptyerygoid plexus, 
which accompany the meningeal artery. M. ves'sels, 
vessels of the membranes of the brain. 
Meninges, men-in'jees. Membranes enveloping the 
brain and spinal cord-dura mater, arachnoid, and 
pia mater. 
Meninghsemato'ma. Haematoma of the dura 
mater. 
Meningia tuberculosa, men-in'je-ah tu-ber-cu-lo'- 
sah. See Hydrocephalus. 
Meningiitis, men-in-je-e'tis. Meningitis, involving 
especially the arachnoid membrane. 
Meningina, men-in-je'nah. Name given by Chaus- 
sier to the pia mater, united to the cerebral layer of 
the arachnoid. M., in'ner lam'ina of the, pia mater. 
Meninglnitis, men-in-jin-e'tis. Inflammation of 
the meningina. 
Meningion, men-in'je-on (dim. of Meninx, mem- 
brane). Arachnoid membrane. 
Meningis custos, men-in'jis kus'tos. Meningo- 
phylax. MENINGITIS 
Meningitis, men-in-je'tis. Inflammation of a mem- 
brane, and. especially of the meninges or membranes 
of the brain or spinal cord. When excessively malig- 
nant and rapidly fatal, it is called by the French Men- 
ingite foudroyante. See Phrenitis. M. arthrit'ica, ceph- 
alagra. M., bas'ilar, M., tuberculous. M., ascend'ing, 
M. ascending from the lower part of the spinal cord. 
M., cer'ebral, inflammation of the membranes of the 
brain. M., cer'ebro-spi'nal, Cerebral or Cerebrospinal 
or Syncopal typhus, Epidemic or Typhoid or Malignant 
meningitis, Petechial fever, Cerebrospinal fever, Cerebro- 
spinal arachnitis, Sinking typhus, Malignant or Typhoid 
meningitis; alarmingly fatal form of epidemic fever 
which prevailed in different countries of Europe, and 
also in certain portions of the United States, during 
the middle of the nineteenth century more especially. 
It is attended with painful contraction of the muscles 
of the neck and retraction of the head, headache, ver- 
tigo, delirium, coma, pain in the back and limbs, teta- 
noid phenomena, hyperaesthesia of the skin, and in 
certain epidemics by a purpuric eruption, Spotted 
fever. It was considered by Boudin to constitute the 
cerebro-spinal form of the nosological group of typhus. 
See Fever, purpuric malignant, and Typhus. M. chi- 
rur'gica, M. from external injury; traumatic M. 
M., chron'ic cer'ebral, chronic M. at the upper sur- 
face of the brain, combined with chronic M. of the 
lower surface. M., convul'sive, M. with convulsions 
as a conspicuous feature. M., epidem'ic, M., cerebro- 
spinal. M. exudati'va, inflammation of membrane 
of spinal cord, with effusion of serum. M., fo'cal, 
meningitis localized in a small space. M., ful'minant 
cer'ebro-spi'nal, M., with intense symptoms, dark 
purpuric spots, and usually rapidly fatal termination. 
M., gout'y, gout, cerebral. M., gran'ular, hydroceph- 
alus internus. M. gummato'sa, syphilitic form of 
meningitis. M., hemorrhag'ic, M. accompanied with 
sanguineous effusion. M. hydrocephal'ica, hydro- 
cephalus internus. M., ich'orous, form of meningitis, 
with ichorous or puriform fluid in contact with the 
membranes or spinal cord. M. infan'tum, hydro- 
cephalus internus. M. luet'ica, syphilitic form of 
meningitis. M. mechan'ica, traumatic meningitis; 
M. chirurgica. M. membrano'sa, M., spinal. M. 
mesencephal'ica, inflammation of the meninges of 
the medulla oblongata, and pons Varolii more espe- 
cially. M., metastat'ic, M. occurring in later stages 
of other diseases, as pneumonia, acute rheumatism, 
etc. M., otit'ic, M. from, or associated with, purulent 
inflammation of the middle or internal ear. M. peri- 
pher'ica, M., spinal. M. phantasmataph'ora, delir- 
ium tremens. M., phrenit'ic, M. accompanied with 
symptoms of mental disorder. M. potato'rum, de- 
lirium tremens. M., pur'puric, form of cerebro- 
spinal meningitis which may become rapidly intense 
and fatal. M., rhachid'ian, M., spinal. M., rheu- 
mat'ic, rheumatism, meningitic. M., scroph'ulous, 
hydrocephalus internus. M., se'nile, M. of old per- 
sons ; slow in progress and accompanied with delirium 
and general paralysis. M. sero'sa, M. accompanied 
with serous effusion. M. sid'erans, M., fulminant. 
M., spi'nal, M., rhachidian, Perimyelitis, Myelomeningi- 
tis; inflammation of the meninges of the spinal 
marrow. M., spu'rious, chronic hydrocephalus. M., 
syphilit'ic, meningitis due to, or associated with, 
syphilitic taint; chronic, and attacking the lower 
surface of the brain. M., traumat'ic, M. from exter- 
nal injury. M., tuber'cular, see Hydrocephalus inter- 
nus. M. tuberculo'sa, hydrocephalus internus. M., 
ver'tical, meningitis occurring in the superior por- 
tion of the brain. 
Meningitophobia, men-in-je-to-fo'be-ah (meningitis, 
phobos, fear). Condition in which great dread of 
meningitis exists, and which sometimes seems to in- 
duce the symptoms of that disease. 
Menlngium, men-in'je-um (dim. of Meninx, mem- 
brane). Fine delicate membrane; arachnoid tunic of 
the brain. 
Meningo, men-in'go (meninx, membrane). In com- 
position, membrane. 
Meningocele, men-in-go-se'le (Eng. men-in'go-seel) 
683 
MENISCI 
(meningo, kele, rupture or tumor). See Encephalocele. 
M., cer'ebral, tumor of the head resembling hydro- 
meningocele. M., spi'nal, see Hydromeningocele and 
Hydrorrhosis. 
Meningocephalitis, men-in-go-sef-al-e'tis (meningo, 
kephale, head). Inflammation of the membranes and 
brain. 
Meningocerebritis, men-in-go-ser-eb-re'tis. Men- 
ingocephalitis ; encephalitis. 
Meningococcus, men-in-go-kok'kus (meninx, mem- 
brane, kokkos, kernel). Coccus supposed to be the 
cause of cerebro-spinal fever. 
Meningo-encephalitis, men-in'go-en-sef-al-e'tis. 
Encephalitis accompanied with meningitis. 
Menin'go-encephalocele, en-sef-al-o-se'le (Eng. en- 
sef'al-o-seel). Tumor of the head similar to hydro- 
myelocele. 
Menin'go-ependymitis, ep-en-dim-e'tis. Hydro- 
cephalus accompanied with deposition of fluid in the 
ventricles and induration of the ependyma. 
Meningogastralgia, men-in-go-gas-tral'je-ah. Neu- 
ralgic or other pain in the meninges. 
Meningogastric (men-in-go-gas'trik) fe'ver. Fever, 
gastric. 
Meningogastri'tis. Fever, gastric. 
Meningomalacia, men-in-go-mal-ak'e-ah (meningo, 
malakia, softening). Softening of membranes in gen- 
eral. 
Meningomy'ces (meningo, mukes, fungus). Fungoid 
growth on the membranes of the brain. 
Meningomyelitis, men-in-go-me-el-e'tis. Inflam- 
mation of the spinal cord and its membranes. 
Meningomyelocele, men-in-go-me-el-o-se'le (Eng. 
men-in-go-mi'el-o-seel (meninx, membrane, muelos, mar- 
row, kele, tumor). Spina bifida in which the covering 
is connected with bulging wall of the cyst; spinal 
nerves from this part of the cord pass through it. 
Meningophylax, men-in-gof 'el-aks (meningo, phulax, 
preserver). Instrument for depressing the dura 
mater and guarding it from injury while the bone is 
cut or rasped. 
Meningorhachidian (men-in-go-rak-id'e-an) veins 
(meninx, membrane, rhachis, spine). Veins uniting 
into plexuses on inside of spinal canal, situate be- 
tween membranes and vertebrae of spinal cord. 
Meningorrhagia, men-in-gor-rhaj'e-ah. Meningeal 
hemorrhage. 
Meningorrhcea, men-in-gor-rhe'ah (meningo, rheo, to 
flow). Effusion of blood upon or between the mem- 
branes of the brain. 
Meningosis, men-in-go'sis. Union of bones by 
means of membrane-e. g. the articulation of cranial 
bones in the foetus; a variety of syndesmosis. 
Meningospinal, men-in-go-spi'nal. Relating to 
the spinal membranes or meninges. 
Meningosymphysis, men-in-go-sim'fe-sis (meningo, 
sumphusis, growing together). Adhesion of or by 
membrane; adhesion of the membranes of the brain 
to each other or to the brain. 
Meningosyzygia, men-in-go-siz-ig'e-ah (meningo, 
suzugia, conjunction). Meningosymphysis. 
Meningozeuxis, men-in-go-zukes'is (meninx, mem- 
brane, zeuxis, adhesion). Meningeal adhesion. 
Meningozeuxi'tis. Inflammation of adherent mem- 
branes. 
Meninguria, men-in-gu're-ah (meningo, ouron, urine). 
Passage of urine containing membranous shreds. 
Men'inx. Membrane (especially one that invests 
the brain). M. arachnoi'dea, arachnoid membrane. 
M. au'ris, membrana tympani. M., cer'ebral, cere- 
bral membrane. M. choroi'des, pia mater. M. cras'sa, 
dura mater. M. du'ra, dura mater. M., exte'rior, 
dura mater. M. flbro'sa, dura mater. M., inte'rior, 
pia mater. M. me'dia, arachnoid membrane. M. 
Pachei'a or scle'ra, dura mater. M. sero'sa, arach- 
noid membrance. M. vasculo'sa, pia mater. 
Menischesis, men-is'ke-sis (menes, ischo, to restrain). 
Amenorrhcea, when the menses do not appear at the 
usual age. 
Menisci men-is'ke (meniskos, dim. of mene, moon), 
interarticular cartilages. M., tactile, of Ran'vier, MENISCUS 
expansion of nerve-fibres in the epidermis having 
shape of a meniscus. 
Menis'cus. Concavo-convex lens; interarticular 
cartilage. M. interme'dius, intermediate fibro-carti- 
lage. M., neg'ative, M. auricularis. M., positive, 
convexo-concave lens. 
Menispermine, men-e-sperm'een. Alkaloid found 
in Menispermum Canadense and M. cocculus. 
Menispermum angulatum, men-e-sperm'um an-gu- 
lat'um (mene, moon, sperma, seed, in allusion to the 
crescentic shape of the seed). M. Canadense. M. 
Canaden'se, Moonseed, Yellow parilia, ord. Meni- 
spermacese. Climbing plant growing in various parts 
of the United States; used as a substitute for sarsa- 
parilla in scrofula, and called in the West Sarsa- 
parilla ; excitant tonic. Menispermum (Ph. U. S.) is 
the rhizome and rootlets of M. Canadense. M. coc'- 
culus, systematic name of the plant, the dried fruit 
of which is well known by the names of Cocculus 
Indicus, Indian berries, Indian cockles, Fish berries, 
Coccus Indicus. The berries are remarkable for their 
inebriating and destructive quality to fish. A dele- 
terious principle appears to reside in the kernel and 
in the active principle, called Picrotoxin. Cocculus 
Indicus has been used in decoction to kill vermin ; 
it has at times been added to beer by fraudulent 
tradesmen to render it more inebriating. M. co- 
lum'ba, Jateorrhiza calumba. M. fenestra'tum, 
Pereira medica. M. glau'cum, M. cocculus. M. 
palma'tum, calumba. M. tubercula'tum, Chinese 
plant, an extract from the root of which is a stomach 
tonic and astringent. The same may be said of 
Menispermum cordifolium-the Goluncha of Bengal. 
M. verruco'sum, M. tuberculatum. 
Menikelis, men-ik-e'lis (menocelis). Yellowish spots 
appearing on the skin, observed during suppression 
of the menses. 
Men'ispine. Bitter alkaloid from Menispermum 
Canadense. 
Menocelis, men-o-se'lis (menes, menses, kelis, stain). 
Amenorrhcea with purpura or congestion of the 
skin. 
Menocryphia, men-o-krif'e-ah (menes, kruptos, con- 
cealed). Amenorrhcea. 
Menoke'lis. Menocelis. 
Menolipsis, men-o-lip'sis (menes, leipsis, want). 
Amenorrhcea; retention of the menses. See Meno- 
pause. 
Meno'mene. Zizania aquatica. 
Menometas'tasis. Vicarious menstruation. 
Menopause (men'o-pause) or Menopausis, men-o- 
pau'sis (menes, pauo, to cause to cease). Natural ces- 
sation of the menses. See Menses. 
Menophania, men-o-fan'e-ah (menes, phaino, to ap- 
pear). First appearance of the menses. 
Menoplania, men-o-plan'e-ah (menes, plane, wander- 
ing). Vicarious menstruation; also an affection re- 
sulting from suppression of menstruation. 
Menorrhagia (men-or-rha'je-ah), Menorrhoe'a 
(menes, rhegnumi, to flow fiercely). Flow of the menses. 
Frequently the word is used synonymously with uter- 
ine hemorrhage or metrorrhagia, or for immoderate 
flow of the menses-profuse or excessive menstrua- 
tion. Menstruation; metrorrhagia. M. al'ba, leucor- 
rhoea. M. diffic'ilis, dysmenorrhcea. M. erro'nea, 
vicarious menstruation. M. lochia'lis, excessive 
lochial discharge, with blood. M. Naboth'i, hydror- 
rhcea gravidarum. M. stillati'tia, dysmenorrhcea. 
Menorrhagia (men-or-rhaj'ik) fe'ver. See Fever, 
menorrhagic. M. menstrua'tion, menorrhagia. 
Menorrhoea, men-or-rhe'ah (menes, rheo, to flow). Or- 
dinary flow of the menses. Also too long continuing 
or too often returning menstruation. Menorrhagia. 
Menoschesis, men-os'kes-is (menes, cheo, to hold). 
Amenorrhcea, when the menses do not appear at the 
usual age. 
Menosep'sis (menes, sepsis, putrefaction). Putridity 
of the menses. 
Menostasia (men-o-staz'e-ah) or Menostasis, men- 
os'tas-is (menes, stasis, standing). Retention of the 
menses and their accumulation in the uterus; also 
684 
MENSES 
acute pain sometimes preceding each appearance of 
the menses, and presumed to proceed from the stasis 
of blood in the capillary vessels of the uterus. Hse- 
matometra. 
Menotyphlo'sis or Menotyphlo'tes (mene, moon, 
tuphlos, blind). Moon-blindness; ocular inflammation 
presumed to be caused by the moon. 
Menoxenia (men-oks-en'e-ah) or Menoxenosis, 
men-oks-en-o'sis (menes, xenos, foreign). Irregular 
menstruation. 
Mens. Mind. 
Mensa, men'sah. Table. Upper superficial part or 
corona of the jaw teeth. 
Mensal'is. Trapezius. 
Men'ses (men, a month). Courses, Menstrual flux, 
Monthly courses or periods, Flowers, Turns, Terms, the 
Reds, Troubles. Sanguineous evacuation from the uterus; 
menstrual blood, the monthly occurrence of which 
constitutes menstruation or monthly illness. First 
appearance of the menses-menophania-is usually 
preceded by the discharge of a fluid whitish mucous 
matter from the vagina, by nervous excitement, 
vague pains and heaviness in the loins and thighs, 
numbness of the limbs, etc. More or less indisposi- 
tion and irritability also precede each successive re- 
currence of the menstrual flux. In temperate climates 
each period, menstrual period, ordinarily continues 
from three to six days, and returns in twenty-six to 
twenty-eight days, and the quantity lost varies from 
four to eight ounces; according to Vierordt, 100-200 
grammes; in England and Northern Germany, 120 g. 
(Smellie and Dobson); 90-150 g. (De Haen); 150 g. 
(Pasta); Holland, up to 180 g.; Southern Germany, 
up to 240 g.; Italy and Spain, up to 360 g.; Greek 
Archipelago, up to 90 g. The menses continue to 
flow from the age of puberty till the age of 45 or-50. 
The menstrual epoch is thus from 30 to 35 years. 
The following interesting facts in regard to the time 
of appearance of the menses have been recently 
tabulated from various sources (Vierordt): In 
Germany-Berlin, commencement of 15th year; in 
Bavaria, 16th year; in Austria, 15 years 7| months; 
in Hindu women in Calcutta, 11 years 11 months; in 
negro women in Jamaica, 14 years 10 months; in 
Esquimaux women in Labrador, 15 years 3 months; 
in Denmark and Norway, 16 years; in Norway, Lapp 
women', 16.7 years; in Hungary: Jewish women, 14-15 
years; Magyar women, 15-16 years; Slovac women, 
16-17 years; in Transylvania, German women and 
Hungarians, 15 years ; in Roumanian, Armenian, and 
Jewish women, 14 years. The menses appear, according 
to Clay: in tropical countries at 8-11 years of age; 
in Abyssinia, India, and Turkey, at 9-11 years; in 
France, Italy, and Spain, at 11-13 years; in England, 
13-15 years; in Iceland, Lapland, Greenland, 17-20 
years. According to Felt, they appear in hot climates 
at 13 years 6 days ; in temperate, at 14 years 6 days; 
in cold, at 15 years 10 days. 
At the term of the natural cessation of the menses, 
Menopause, the flux becomes irregular, and this irreg- 
ularity is occasionally accompanied with symptoms 
of dropsy, glandular tumors, etc., constituting what 
is called the critical time or turn or change of life; yet 
it does not appear that the mortality is increased 
by it. 
The menstrual discharge comes from the vessels 
of the uterus and vagina, and differs from ordinary 
blood by its peculiar odor and by its not coagulating. 
It is usually arrested during pregnancy and lacta- 
tion. In warm climates women usually begin to 
menstruate early, and cease sooner than in the tem- 
perate regions; the quantity lost is also greater. 
In the colder regions the reverse is true, as a gen- 
eral rule. Dried menstrual blood, especially of a 
woman in her first menstruation, was formerly given 
internally as an antiepileptic. M. al'bi, leucorrhoea. 
M. anom'ali, paramenia. M. de'vii, vicarious men- 
struation. M. dolorif'ici, dysmenorrhcea. M. im- 
mod'ici, menorrhagia. M., retention of the, see 
Amenorrhoea. M. stillan'tes, oozing of blood from 
the uterus; discharge of blood from the uterus. M. MENSIUM RETENTIO 
super'flua, menorrhagia. M., suppression of the, 
amenorrhcea. 
Mensium retentio, men'se-um re-ten'she-o (reten- 
tion of the menses). See Amenorrhcea. 
Menstrua, men'stru-ah. Menses. M. al'ba, leucor- 
rhqea. M. difflc'ilis, dysmenorrhcea. M. doloro'sa, 
dysmenorrhcea. M. exig'ua, see Menorrhagia. M. 
innnod'ica, menorrhagia. M. super'flua, menor- 
rhagia. M. vica'ria, menstruation, vicarious. 
Menstrual, men'stru-al. Catamenial. M. decid'ua, 
see Decidua memhrana. M. excre'tion, see Mer.ses. 
M. flux, menses. M. or'gan, membrane lining the 
uterus taken as a special organ, similar to adenoid 
glands, in regard to menstruation. M. pe'riod, see 
Menses. M. secre'tion, see Menses. 
Menstruant, men'stru-ant. One subject to cata- 
menia. 
Men'struate. To undergo the process of menstru- 
ation. 
Menstruatio, men-stru-ah'she-o. Menstruation. M. 
al'ba, discharge of colorless menstrual fluid. M. 
anom'ala, paramenia. M. difflc'ilis or dolorif'ica, 
dysmenorrhcea. M. impedi'ta, amenorrhcea; reten- 
tion of menses. M. per insol'itas vi'as, menstru- 
ation, vicarious. M. membrana'cea, membranous 
dysmenorrhcea. M. nim'ia, menorrhagia. M. prse'- 
cox, premature menstruation, occurring before the 
usual age or time. M. recidi'va, menstruation when 
protracted beyond the usual age or recurring after its 
cessation. M. reten'ta, retention of menses; amenor- 
rhcea ; paramenia. M. sero'tina (serotinus, late in the 
day), retarded or tardy menstruation. M. suppres'sa, 
amenorrhcea; paramenia. M. vica'ria, appearance 
of the menstrual discharge from any other than the 
usual and normal place of outlet. 
Menstruation, men-stru-a'shun. Flow of the men- 
ses; see Menses. M., concealed, M., occult. M., dif'- 
ficult, dysmenorrhcea. M., ectop'ic, vicarious men- 
struation. M., labo'rious, dysmenorrhcea. M. metror- 
rha'gia, menorrhagia. M., occult', Concealed menstru- 
ation ; retention of the catamenia in the uterus or the 
vagina, there being secretion without excretion. M., 
pre'mature, menstruation occurring before the usual 
age or time. M., profuse', menorrhagia. M., scan'ty, 
see Menorrhagia. M., ser'otine, retarded or tardy 
menstruation. M., supplement'ary, menstruation, 
vicarious. M., tar'dy, menstruation retarded from 
any cause. M., vica'rious, Ectopic or Supplementary 
menstruation, occurs from other parts than the uterus. 
At times the discharged fluid has all the characters of 
the menstrual; at others it appears to be mere blood. 
Menstrua'tus. Menstruant. 
Menstruous, men'stru-us. Catamenial; also one 
affected with the menses or catamenia of the nature 
of menstrual blood. 
Menstruum, men'stru-um (men sis, month). Monthly 
discharge of the female. The plural word menstrua is 
now, however, always used for the menses. The name 
menstruum was formerly given to every substance 
possessing the property of dissolving others slowly 
and with the aid of heat. A solvent, as water, alcohol, 
ether, acids, oils, etc. M. aur'i, nitromuriatic acid. 
M. ventric'uli, gastric juice. 
Men'struus. Menstrual. 
Mensura medica, men-su'rah med'e-kah. Measure 
of 48 ounces. 
Mensuration, men-su-ra'shun (mensura, measure). 
Measurement, Medical measuring. Means for exploring 
the state of the thoracic and other cavities, consisting 
in a comparative measurement of each side of the 
chest by means of a ribbon extended from the 
median line of the sternum to the spine. When 
effusion exists on one side, the measurement is usually 
greater than on the other; and when a portion of a 
lung has ceased to exert its respiratory functions, the 
corresponding side of the chest becomes smaller. Also 
measurement of the skull, etc. See Stethometer. 
Menta, men'tah. Mentha; penis. 
Mentagra, ment'ag-rah (mentum, chin, agra, seiz- 
ure). Sycosis. M. infan'turn, porrigo lupinosa; favus. 
M. parasit'ica, parasitic sycosis. 
685 
MENTHA 
Mentagraphyte (men'ta-graf-ite) or Men'tagroph- 
yte (mentagra, phuton, plant). Cryptogamous plant 
considered by some to produce mentagra, but by 
others to be accidental and not essential; see Micro- 
sporon mentagrophytes. 
Mentagroph'yton. See Mentagraphyte. 
Men'tal (mens). Belonging or relating to the mind; 
as mental aberration or alienation, mental diseases, 
etc. In anatomy mental signifies that which relates 
to the chin (mentum, chin), as M. ar'tery, given off 
by the inferior dental, and issuing at the mental 
foramen to be distributed on the lower lip. M. dis- 
eases, literally diseases of the mind, but extended 
to include various conditions of aberration of func- 
tion of the nervous system, of which the following 
is perhaps the most convenient and satisfactory 
classification: 
Acute. 
Chronic. 
Recurrent. 
Puerperal. 
1. Mania. 
Acute. 
Chronic. 
Recurrent. 
Puerperal. 
2. Melancholia. 
3. Primary Delusional Insanity (monomania) 
Primary. 
Secondary. 
Senile. 
Organic (tumors, hemorrhages, etc.). 
4. Dementia. 
5. General Paralysis of the Insane. 
6. Epilepsy. 
7. Toxic Insanity (alcohol, morphine, etc.). 
Idiocy. 
Imbecility. 
Cretinism. 
8. Congenital Mental Deficiency. 
M. fora'men, anterior maxillary foramen; outer 
orifice of the inferior dental canal, situate on the 
outer surface of the lower jaw-bone, opposite the 
second incisor or canine tooth, and giving passage 
to the vessels and nerves. M. fos'sa, see Fossa, men- 
tal. M. nerve, furnished by the inferior dental nerve, 
issues by the mental foramen and is distributed in 
numerous filaments to the muscles of the lower lip. 
M. plex'us, plexus formed by mental and facial nerves 
at foramen mentale. M. point, term used in cran- 
iometry, denoting the foremost median point of lower 
border of inferior maxillary bone. M. pro'cess, men- 
tal prominence. M. prominence, eminence of infe- 
rior maxillary bone, forming the chin. M. re'gion, 
region of the chin. M. spines, mental tubercles. M. 
veins, tributaries of facial vein. 
Mentalis, men-tal'is. Levator labii superioris 
proprius. 
Mentalization, men-tal-i-za'shun. The normal ex- 
ercise of the functions of the brain, as in reason, 
judgment, etc. 
Men'te cap'ti (L.). Old Boman term for those 
whose mental powers are deficient. 
Mentha (men'thah) or Men'ta aquat'ica (minthe, 
mintha, the mint plant). Wintermint, ord. Labiatae. 
Less agreeable than Mentha viridis, and more bitter 
and pungent; used like spearmint. M. balsame'a, M. 
piperita. M. Capen'sis, growing at the Cape of Good 
Hope, possesses the medical properties of the mints. 
M. cata'ria, Nepeta cataria. M. cervi'na, Hart's 
pennyroyal, Hyssop-leaved mint, possesses the prop- 
erties of pennyroyal, but is very unpleasant. M. 
citra'ta, melissa. M. cris'pa, Curled, Crisped, or Cross 
mint, possesses properties of peppermint. M. cru- 
cia'ta, M. crispa. M. feli'na, Nepeta cataria. M. 
genti'lis, M. viridis. M. hercyn'ica, M. crispa. M. 
hirsu'ta, M. aquatica. M. laeviga'ta, M. viridis. 
M. monta'na, calamintha. M. nep'eta, Nepeta cata- 
ria. M. no'bilis, M. gentilis. M. officina'lis, M. 
piperita. M. palus'tris, M. aquatica. M. piperi'ta, 
peppermint; leaves and tops are officinal (Ph. U. 8.). 
The odor of this variety is strong and agreeable; taste 
pungent, aromatic, and producing a sensation of cold- 
ness in the mouth. Virtues depend upon essential 
oil and camphor. Stomachic and carminative. Chiefly 
used in the form of essential oil-the Oleum menthee MENTHASTRUM 
piperitse. Trochisci menthse piperitse each contain 
of the oil, with sugar and tragacanth; dose, ad 
libitum. Essence of peppermint consists of ol. menthse 
pip., oJ > sp. vin. rectif., f§iv; see Tinctura olei menthse 
piperitse. M. pule'gium, Pennyroyal, Pudding-grass; 
the oil-Oleum pulegii, Oil of pennyroyal-possesses the 
virtues of the plant, resembling the mints in general. 
Among the vulgar it is esteemed an emmenagogue. 
Aqua pulegii, Aqua menthse pulegii, Pennyroyal water, 
has been officinal in some pharmacopceias. M. Roma'- 
na, Balsamita suaveolens, Tanacetum balsamita. M. 
rotundifo'lia palus'tris, M. aquatica. M. Sara- 
cen'ica, Balsamita suaveolens, Tanacetum balsamita. 
M. sati'va, M. viridis. M. silves'tris, Horsemint, 
Brook or Water mint; several varieties have been em- 
ployed. M. spica'ta, M. viridis. M. vir'idis, Spear- 
mint; leaves and tops are officinal (Ph. U. S.) ; odor 
strong, aromatic; taste warm, austere, bitterish. Vir- 
tues the same as those of the peppermint. Oleum 
menthse viridis (Ph. U S.) is obtained from it. M. vir'- 
idis aquo'sa, 2 parts of the oil to 1000 parts of 
water. M. vir'idis spir'itus contains 10 per cent, of 
the oil and 1 per cent, of the herb. M. vulga'ris, M. 
viridis. 
Menthastrum, men-thas'trum. Mentha sylvestris. 
Menthene, men'theen. A liquid product obtained 
from peppermint oil. 
Men'thol. C10H20O. Stearoptene obtained by cooling 
oil distilled from fresh herb of Mentha piperasceus, 
M. glabrata, and M. piperita. Menthol camphor; pep- 
permint camphor; crystalline body separating from oil 
of peppermint on standing. Used externally, solid, 
as in pencil form, or in solution, in neuralgia, mi- 
graine, etc., and highly recommended in the treatment 
of nasal affections. Anaesthetic, disinfectant; inter- 
nally, carminative and stomachic, but probably not 
used. M. ben'zoate, benzoic acid added to menthol 
in the pencils increases the effect. 
Mentigo, men-te'go (mentum, chin). Porrigo lar- 
valis ; sycosis ; mentagra. 
Men'tism (mens, mind). Irregular movement of 
the mind, whether from emotion or a vivid imagina- 
tion. 
Mentobicorneus, men-to-be-kor'ne-us (mentum, 
chin, bicorneus, two-horned). Geniohyoides. 
Mentobregmat'ic. Eelating to the chin and 
bregma. 
Mentocondyl'ial tri'angle. Triangle formed with 
apex at gnathion and base situate between the two 
condylia. 
Mentocoro'nial tri'angle. Triangle with its apex 
at the gnathion and base situate between the two con- 
dylia. 
Mentogo'nial (mentum, chin, gonia, angle). Ee- 
lating to the chin and gonion. M. tri'angle, triangle 
having its apex at gnathion and its base at bigoniac 
diameter. 
Mentohyoi'deus. Occasional muscle from hyoid 
bone to lower jaw or platysma muscle. 
Mentolabial, men-to-la'be-al (mentum, chin, labium, 
the lip). Levator labii inferioris and quadratus mus- 
cles united. See Depressor labii inferioris. M. fur'- 
row, transverse depression between the lower lip and 
the chin, remarkable for the perpendicular direction 
of the hairs growing upon it. 
Mentomas'toid. Eelating to chin and mastoid 
process. M. tri'angle, triangle with apex at gnathion 
and bounded at its base by inferior mastoid diameter. 
Mentula, men'tu-lah. Penis. M. mulieb'ris, clitoris. 
Mentulagra, men-tu'lag-rah (mentula, penis, agra, 
seizure). Convulsive erection of the penis, such as 
is said to be sometimes observed in eunuchs; pria- 
pism ; syphilis. 
Mentulatus, men-tu-lat'us (mentula, penis). One 
whose penis is very large. 
Mentuloma'nia (mentula, penis). Masturbation. 
Men'tum. Chin; the inferior and middle part of 
the face, situate below the lower lip. 
Mentzeleah (ment-zel'e-ah) as'pera or hisp'ida. 
Mexican herb; drastic; used in syphilis and gonor- 
rhoea. 
686 
MERCURIC 
Mjenyanthes trifoliata, men-e-an'thees tre-fo-le-ah'- 
tah (men, anthos, flower). Water trefoil, Buckbean, Bog- 
bean, Bog trefoil; ord. Gentianacese. Taste is intensely 
bitter, and is extracted by water; tonic, anthelmin- 
tic, diuretic, cathartic, and, in large doses, emetic. 
In some countries it is used as a substitute for hops 
in making beer. M. ver'na, American buckbean, Marsh 
trefoil, Water shamrock, Bitter root, has similar prop- 
erties. 
Menyanthin, men-e-an'thin. Bitter principle ob- 
tained from Menyanthes trifoliata ; a glucoside solu- 
ble in alcohol and water. 
Menyanthol, men-e-an'thol. Volatile, oily product 
due to action of hot dilute acid upon menyanthin. 
Meosis, me-o'sis. See Meiosis. 
Mephitic, mef-it'ik. Anything possessed of an un- 
wholesome property; chiefly applied to exhalations, or 
disease caused by them. M. ac'id, carbonic acid. M. 
air, carbonic acid. M. gan'grene, moist necrosis. 
Mephitis, mef-e'tis. Old name for nitrogen, and, in 
general, for all exhalations and gases unfit for respira- 
tion. M. hepat'ica, hydrogen, sulphuretted. M. in- 
flammab'ilis, hydrogen. M. urino'sa, ammonia. 
Mephitism, mef'it-izm. Any pernicious exhala- 
tion. 
Meramaurosis, mer-am-au-ro'sis (mero, amaurosis). 
Slight or partial amaurosis. 
Meranaesthe'sia or Meransesthesis, mer-an-ees- 
the'sis (mero, an, privative, aisthesis, sensation). Insen- 
sibility of a part of the body. 
Meratrophia, mer-at-rof'e-ah (mero, atrophia, want 
of nourishment). Atrophy of some part of the body. 
Mercaptan, mer-kap'tan. Sulphur alcohol, Ethyl 
sulphydrate; sulphydrate of an alcohol radicle; sub- 
stance which, even in minute doses, gives rise to 
marked mental depression. 
Mer'cier's bar. Ridge of submucous tissue which 
bounds the trigonum vesicse posteriorly. 
Mercurial, mer-ku're-al. Containing or relating to 
mercury; preparation of mercury. M. belt, see 
Cingulum mercurials. M. disease, hydrargyriasis. M. 
er'ethism, see Erethism. M. oint'ment, unguentum 
hydrargyri. M. pal'sy or paral'ysis, paralysis due 
to exposure to mercurial vapors. M. pill, mass of 
mercury. M. plas'ter, emplastrum hydrargyri. M. 
rash, eczema mercuriale. M. suppositories, oleum 
theobromse 120 parts; melt and add unguentum hy- 
drargyri 60 parts. M. trade disease, palsy, mercurial. 
M. tre'mor, mercurial palsy. 
Mercurialina, mer-ku-re-al-e'nah. Mercurialia, 
Mercurialin. Liquid alkaloid obtained from Mer- 
curialis annua, an herbaceous plant of Europe, for- 
merly employed as a purgative and emmenagogue. 
Mercurialis, mer-ku-re-al'is (after Mercury). Mer- 
curialis annua, French mercury; cathartic, hypnotic, 
and cosmetic, and has been chiefly used by way of 
lavement. See Chenopodium bonus Henricus. M. per- 
en'nis, Kentish balsam ; dog's mercury; acronarcotic. 
Mercurialism, mer-ku're-al-izm. Pathological con- 
dition resulting from excessive or prolonged use of 
mercury. See Hydrargyriasis. 
Mercurialist, mer-ku're-al-ist. One inordinately 
addicted to prescribing mercury. 
Mercurialization, mer-ku-re-al-i-za'shun. State of 
being affected by mercury; one under the influence 
of mercury is said to be mercurialized. 
Mer'curic alan'inate. Crystalline salt, soluble in 
cold water, prepared by dissolving oxide of mercury 
in a boiling aqueous solution of alanine; recom- 
mended for hypodermic use in syphilis. M. ben'- 
zoate, used subcutaneously in syphilis. M. car'bo- 
late, hydrargyri carbolas; prepared by the action of 
potassium carbolate upon mercuric chloride; recom- 
mended in constitutional syphilis; used in syphilis in 
dose of gr. M. chlo'ride, hydrargyri oxymurias. 
M. cy'anide, hydrargyri cyanidum. M. formam'- 
idate, hydrargyrum formamidatum, used as con- 
venient form for giving mercury. M. im'ido- 
suc'cinate, white powder, employed as an antisyph- 
ilitic, usually subcutaneously. M. i'odide, hydrargyri 
iodidum rubrum. M. meth'ide, cases of fatal mer- MERCURII 
curial poisoning from this preparation have been 
recorded. M. naph'tolate, yellow odorless powder; 
dose internally, gr. j. M. ni'trate, see Hydrargyri 
nitras. M. o'leate, oleatum hydrargyri. M. ox'ide, 
hydrargyri oxydum cinereum. M. oxycy'anide, 
Hg2O(Cn)a; antiseptic, and said to be superior to 
corrosive sublimate as such. M. pep'tonate, yellow- 
ish liquid; mild mercurial for hypodermic use. M. 
phen'ylate, M. carbolate. M. sal'icylate, white, odor- 
less, tasteless powder; used externally in gonorrhoea, 
and internally for same effect as other mercurials; it 
is mild in its effect, non-poisonous, and rapid in action. 
M. sozoi'odol, see Sozoiodol. M. sul'phate, hydrar- 
gyri sulphas. M. sul'phate, ba'sic, hydrargyri sub- 
sulphas flavus. M. sul'phide, hydrargyri sulphidum 
rubrum. M. tan'nate, green substance, odorless and 
tasteless; antisyphilitic; dose, 1 to 2 grains. M. 
thy'molate and M. thymola'cetate, employed in 
syphilis, internally or by intramuscular injection; 
also in tuberculosis of the lungs. M. and zinc cy'- 
anide, white insoluble powder for antiseptic dressing. 
Mercurii calx vitriolata, mer-ku're-e kalks vit-re- 
o-lat'ah. Hydrargyrus vitriolatus. M. deuto-iodure'- 
tum, hydrargyri iodidum rubrum. M. proto-iodure'- 
tum, hydrargyri iodidum, M. sper'ma, hydrargyrus 
acetatus. M. ter'ra folia'ta, hydrargyrus acetatus. 
Mercurius, mer-ku're-us (after the god). Hydrar- 
gyrum. M. aceta'tus, hydrargyrus acetatus. M. 
alkalisa'tus, hydrargyrum cum creta. M. calcina'- 
tus, hydrargyri oxydum rubrum. M. caus'ticus 
fla'vus, hydrargyrus vitriolatus. M. cine'reus, hydrar- 
gyri oxydum cinereum. M. cinnebari'nus, hydrar- 
gyri sulphuretum rubrum. M. coralli'nus, hydrar- 
gyri nitrico-oxydum. M. corrosi'vus, hydrargyri 
oxymurias. M. corrosi'vus ru'ber, hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydum. M. corrosi'vus sublima'tus, hy- 
drargyri oxymurias. M. cosmet'icus, hydrargyrum 
praecipitatum. M. dul'cis, hydrargyri submurias. 
M. emet'icus fla'vus, hydrargyrus vitriolatus. M. 
gnmmo'sus Plenck'ii, syrupus de mercurio mediante 
gummi. M. lu'teus, hydrargyrus vitriolatus. M. 
mor'tis, algaroth. M. ni'ger moscat'i, hydrargyri 
oxydum cinereum. M. nltro'sus ca'lide para'tus, 
see Hydrargyri nitras. M. nitro'sus fri'gore para'- 
tus, hydrargyri nitras. M. oxydula'tus hydrio'di- 
cus, hydrargyri iodidum. M. praecipita'tus al'bus, 
ammoniated mercury. M. praecipita'tus corrosi'vus, 
hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. M. praecipita'tus fla'- 
vus, yellow mercuric oxide. M. praecipita'tus ni'- 
ger, hydrargyri oxydum cinereum. M. sacchara'tus, 
hydrargyrum saccharatum. M. solu'bilis of Hahne- 
mann, see Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum. M. sublima'- 
tus dul'cis, hydrargyri submurias. M. cum sul'- 
phure, hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum. M. ter- 
res'tris, Polygonum hydropiper. M. vi'tae, algaroth. 
M. vitriola'tus, mercuric sulphate. M. vi'vus, mer- 
cury. M. zot'icus Hartman'ni, hydr rgyri sub- 
murias. 
Mer'curous. Applied to mercury compounds in 
which two atoms of mercury are considered as form- 
ing a bivalent radical embracing the lower salts of 
mercury. 
Mer'curous ammo'nium ni'trate. Hydrargyrum 
oxydulatum nitricum ammoniatum. M. bro'mide, 
salt of mercury obtained by double decomposition 
of potassium bromide and mercurous nitrate; same 
properties as mercurous iodide. M. chlo'ride, hy- 
drargyri submurias. M. i'odide, hydrargyri iodidum 
viride. M. ni'trate, hydrargyri nitras. M. ni'trate, 
ba'sic, hydrargyri subnitras hydrargyrosus. M. ox'- 
ide, hydrargyri oxidum nigrum. M. tan'nate, hydrar- 
gyri tannas, obtained by treating mercurous acetate 
with tannic acid; used in syphilis. 
Mercury, mer'ku-re (after the god). Hydrargy- 
rum. M., ac'etate of, hydrargyrus acetatus. M., 
ac'id ni'trate of, see Hydrargyri nitras. M., amido- 
chlo'ride of, hydrargyrum praecipitatum. M., am- 
mo'niated, hydrargyrum praecipitatum. M., ammo- 
niochlo'ride of, hydrargyrum praecipitatum. M. and 
ar'senic, i'odide of, arsenic and mercury, iodide of. 
M., bichlo'ride of, hydrargyri oxymurias. M., bin- 
687 
MERICUS 
i'odide of, hydrargyri iodidum rubrum; see Iodine. 
M., bisul'phuret of, hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. 
M., bo'rate of, see Borax. M., bro'mide of, hydrar- 
gyri bromidum. M. car'bolate, mercuric carbolate. 
M. with chalk, hydrargyrum cum creta. M., chlo'- 
ride of, corro'sive, hydrargyri oxymurias. M., chlo'- 
ride of, mild, hydrargyri submurias. M., com'pound 
ce'rate of, ceratum hydrargyri compositum. M., 
cy'anide of, hydrargyri cyanuretum. M., cyan'uret 
of, hydrargyri cyanuretum. M., deuto-i'odide of, 
see Iodine. M., dog's, Mercurialis perennis. M., 
English, Chenopodium bonus Henricus. M. for- 
mam'idate, see Mercuric formamidate. M., French, 
mercurial. M., i'odide of, hydrargyri iodidum. M., 
i'odide of chlo'ride or iodochlo'ride of, Iodide of cal- 
omel (made by the reaction of iodine on mild chloride 
of mercury). Two iodides may be prepared-the 
iodide and the biniodide. Both are violent irritants; 
the biniodide especially is a powerful caustic. Both 
have been given in scrofula. Biniodide is only used 
externally, like nitrate of silver, in scrofulous and cer- 
tain syphilitic ulcerations. An ointment of the iodide 
is rubbed on scrofulous tumefactions. M., i'odide of, 
green, hydrargyri iodidum. M., i'odide of, red, 
hydrargyri iodidum rubrum. M., i'odo-ar'senite of, 
arsenic and mercury, iodide of. M., iodochlo'ride of, 
M., iodide of chloride of. M., mu'riate of, corro'sive, 
hydrargyri oxymurias. M., mu'riate of, mild, hy- 
drargyri submurias. M., ni'trate of, hydrargyri ni- 
tras. M., ni'trate of, acid, see Hydrargyri nitras. 
M., ni'tric ox'ide of, hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
M., o'leate of, see Oleate. M., ox'ide of, black or 
gray, hydrargyri oxydum cinereum. M., ox'ide of, 
red, hydrargyrum oxydum rubrum. M., ox'ide of, 
yellow, hydrargyri oxydum flavum. M., oxymu'- 
riate of, hydrargyri iodidum rubrum. M., perchlo'- 
ride of, mercuric oxide. M., peri'odide of, hydrargyri 
iodidum rubrum. M., per'oxide of, mercuric oxide. 
M., persul'phate of, mercuric sulphate. M., phos'- 
phuretted, hydrargyrus phosphoratus. M., precip'- 
itate of, white, hydrargyrum prsecipitatum. M., 
protochlo'ride of, hydrargyri submurias. M., proto- 
i'odide of, see Hydrargyrum iodidum and Iodine. TIL., 
prus'siate of, hydrargyri cyanuretum. M. and 
qui'nia, protochlo'ride of, hydrargyri et quinia; pro- 
tochloridum. M., sol'uble, hydrargyri nitras. M., 
subchlo'ride of, hydrargyri submurias. M., submu'- 
riate of, hydrargyri submurias. M., sul'phate of, mer- 
curic sulphate. M., sul'phuret of, black, hydrargyri 
sulphuretum nigrum. M., sul'phuret of, red, hy- 
drargyri sulphuretum rubrum; realgar. M., sul'- 
phuret of, with sul'phur, hydrargyri sulphuretum 
nigrum. M., superni'trate of, solution of, see Hy- 
drargyri nitras. M., tar'trate of, hydrargyri tartras. 
M., three'-seeded, Acalypha Virginica. M., vege- 
table, mudar. M. vine, Rhus toxicodendron. M. 
weed, Mercurialis annua. 
Merda, mer'dah. Excrement. M. diab'oli, asa- 
fcetida. 
Merdivomus, mer-div'o-mus (merda, excrement, 
vomo, to vomit). One who vomits faeces. 
Mer'dus. Excrement. 
Merechema, mer-ek-a'mah (meros, thigh, echema, 
sound). Sound elicited by auscultation of the gravid 
uterus, supposed to be produced by friction of the 
thighs of the foetus. 
Meremphraxis, mer-em-fraks'is (mero, emphraxis, 
obstruction). Obstruction or infarction of an organ 
or part. 
Merendera, mer-end'er-ah. Bulbocodium. Plant 
resembling colchicum found in the Pyrenees. 
Meretrix, mer'et-riks. Prostitute. M. metallo'- 
rum, copper. 
Meriandra (mer-e-an'drah) Benghalen'sis. Bengal 
sage, shrub possessing an odor resembling camphor, 
and having stimulant properties. 
Meriania, mer-e-an'e-ah. Leucantha. Shrub, genus 
Merianese; flowers are employed as a pectoral. 
Meric, mer'ik (meros, a part). Relating to a part. 
Mericism. mer'i-sizm. Merycism. 
Mericus, mer'ik-us, Local. MERIDIALYSIS 
Meridialysis, mer-e-de-al'is-is (meros, part, dialysis). 
Incomplete solution of a substance. 
Meridian, me-rid'e-an. Imaginary great circle sur- 
rounding any globe and passing through the poles. 
M. of the eye, imaginary circle surrounding globe of 
the eye. M. planes, those passing through the line 
of sight and the retinal meridians; also planes passing 
through axis of the eye and meridians of the eye. 
M. planes of field of regard, planes which pass 
through the lines of regard and the meridians of the 
field of regard. 
Meridianal, mer-id'e-an-al. Relating to a meridian. 
Merid'ians. Imaginary lines on eyeball, retina, or 
visual field at the point where the planes intersect 
while passing through axis of the eye or through line 
of sight. M. of the field of regard, lines in field of 
regard by planes passing through line of regard. 
Meridrosis, mer-id-ro'sis (mero, hidrosis, sweating). 
Partial perspiration. 
Merimna (mer-im'nah) or Merim'ne. Cure. 
Merismatic, mer-is-mat'ik (merisma, division). 
What takes place by division, as merismatic multi- 
plication or reproduction ; that which occurs by the 
splitting or division of cells or of whole beings. 
Merlsmopedia, mer-is-mo-pa'de-ah. Bacterium in- 
creasing by division in two directions, forming lamellae 
or plates. Several micrococci belong properly to this 
variety of bacteria. M. gonorrhoe'ae, micrococcus gon- 
orrhcese. M. Goodserii, sarcina ventriculi. M. uri/nae, 
sarcina urinse. M. ventric'uli, sarcina ventriculi. 
Meris'ta. Merismopedia. 
Meristematic, mer-is-tem-at'ik. Merismatic. 
Meristotvopia, mer-is-to-tro'pe-ah. Meratropia. 
Merithal, mer'e-thal. Part of fingers between the 
joints; phalanx. 
Merizotropia, mer-iz-o-tro'pe-ah. Merotropia. 
Mer'kel's cor'puscles. Grandry's corpuscles. M.'s 
horizontal plane, plane of auricular points and 
reaching to inferior border of orbits. M.'s mus'cle, 
cerato-cricoid. 
Merlangus, mer-lan'gus. Gadus pollachius. M. 
vulga'ris, hake, found in Mediterranean and Atlantic 
Ocean; same uses as Gadus morrhua. 
Me'ro (meros, part). In composition, a part. 
Merobalaneum, mer-o-bal-an'e-um (mero, balaneion, 
bath). Bath, partial. 
Merobalneum, mer-o-bal'ne-um. Bath, partial. 
Meroblastic, mer-o-blas'tik (meros, part, blastos, 
germ). Term applied to the ova of oviparous ani- 
mals, in which the yolk is chiefly nutritive, and in a 
small part only formative. 
Merocele, mer-o-se'le (Eng. mer'o-seel) (meros, Icele, 
tumor). Femoral or crural hernia. In this hernia 
the viscera issue from the abdomen through the 
crural canal, or through an opening immediately on 
the outer side of Gimbernat's ligament, which gives 
passage to lymphatic vessels. This affection is more 
frequent in the female than in the male, and especially 
in those who have had children. A tumor formed by 
merocele is generally small, round, and more or less 
difficult of reduction. In other respects it possesses 
all the characters of hernia. The neck of the sac has, 
close on the outside, the epigastric artery ; above, the 
spermatic cord and spermatic artery in the male-the 
round ligament in the female; on the inside, Gim- 
bernat's ligament; and, below, the pubes. When 
the obturator artery arises from the epigastric it 
generally passes on the outside of and below the 
orifice of the sac; sometimes, however, takes a turn 
above, and then to the inside of the opening. 
Crural hernia admits of several rare varieties, as 
Hernia of Cloquet or Pectineal crural hernia, the hernia 
resting on the pectineus muscle, the aponeurosis of 
which may form an envelope to it; hernia of Laugier, 
or crural hernia, through Gimbernat's ligament; 
hernia of Hesselbach, or hernia with a diverticulum, 
through the cribriform fascia; and Hernia of Sir Ast- 
ley Cooper, or crural hernia with a diverticulum, 
through the superficial fascia. 
Merocoxalgia, mer-o-koks-al'je-ah (meros, coxa, hip, 
algos, pain). Coxalgia. 
688 
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM 
Merodialysis, mer-o-de-al'is-is (meros, part, dialysis, 
separation). Incomplete chemical decomposition. 
Merology, me-rol'o-je (mero, logos, discourse). 
Branch of anatomy treating of the elementary parts 
or constituents of the tissues and humors of the or- 
ganism. 
Meropia, mer-o'pe-ah (mero, opsis, vision). Partial 
obscurity of vision. 
Merorrheuma, mer-or-rhu'mah (mero, rheuma, de- 
fluxion, rheumatism). Rheumatism affecting a part; 
topical or local rheumatism. 
Merorrhexis, mer-or-rheks'is (meros, rhexis, rup- 
ture). Merocele. 
Me'ros. Femur, thigh. 
Merctopia, mer-o-to'pe-ah (meros, part, topos, place). 
Reduction of a part into position. 
Merotrope, mer-ot'ro-pe. Meratropia. 
Merotro'pia (meros, part, thigh, tropos, turning). 
Formation of new chemical compounds after decom- 
position of their component parts. Reduction of a 
dislocation, as of the hip. 
Mer'ry Andrew. Itinerant quack who exposes his 
nostrums for sale at fairs and markets. See Charlatan. 
So called from Dr. Andrew Boorde, who lived in the 
reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., and Queen Mary, 
and who was in the habit of frequenting fairs and 
markets, at which he harangued the populace. 
Merten'sia marit'ima (after C. H. Mertens, botanist 
of Bremen). Pulmonaria maritima, oyster plant; 
plant is mucilaginous, and the leaves have a flavor 
resembling oysters. M. pulmonarioi'des, plant is 
mucilaginous. M. Virginica, Pulmonaria Virginica, 
Virginian cowslip, Smooth lungwort; indigenous. Fam- 
ily, Boraginaceae. Plant is mucilaginous, and may 
be used as a demulcent. 
Merulius, mer-u'le-us. Morchella esculenta. M. 
auric'ula, Peziza auricula. M. des'truens or lac'ri- 
mans, fungus producing dry-rot in wood. M. vas- 
ta'tor, M. lacrimans. 
Me'rus. Pure, genuine; as vinum merum, un- 
mixed wine. Also femur; thigh. 
Mer'vine, male. Cypripedium luteum. 
Merycism, mer'e-sizm. Rumination. 
Merycology, mer-i-kol'o-je (merukazo, to ruminate, 
logos, description). Any work on rumination may be 
so termed. 
Merypertrophy, mer-ip'ur-trof-e (mero, hypertrophia, 
supernutrition.) Hypertrophy of a part. 
Mbry's glands. Cowper's glands. 
Mesa, mes'ah (mesos, middle). Genital organs. 
Mesad, me'sad. ■ Toward the median plane. 
Mesamceboids, mes-am-e'boidz (mesos, middle, 
amoeba, eidos, form). Free amcebiform cells of the 
mesoderm of the embryo; also a leucocyte of the 
adult. Elements of mesoderm cellular in character 
and possessing locomotion. 
Mesaraeicus (mes-ar-e'i-kus), Mesaraic, mes-ar-a'ik. 
Mesenteric. 
Mesarseum, mes-ar-e'um (meso, araia, small intes- 
tines). Mesentery. 
Mesardeon, mes-ard-e'on. Mesentery. 
Mesarteriitis, mes-ar-te-re-e'tis (meso, arteriitis, in- 
flammation of an artery). Inflammation of the mid- 
dle layer of an artery. 
Mesarteritis, mes-ar-ter-e'tis. Mesarteriitis. 
Mesaticephalic, mes-at-e-sef-al'ik (mesatos, midmost, 
kephale, head). Term applied to skulls having an 
index of 75° to 80°. 
Mesaticephalus, mes-at-e-sef'al-us (mesatos and 
kephale). Having a skull with an index of 75 to 80. 
Mesatipelvic, mes-at-e-pel'vik (mesatos, midmost, 
pelvis). Relating to a pelvis with an index between 
90 and 95. 
Mesauchenus, mes-aw-ka'nus (mesos, middle, au- 
chen, neck). Term given by Lissauer to skulls in 
which the line joining inion and basion forms an 
angle of 38° to 26° with the radius fixus. 
Mescal, mes-kal'. Strong, intoxicating liquor, ob- 
tained from pulque. 
Mesemar. Mismar. 
Mesembryanthemum (mes - em - bre - an'the - mum) MESEMBRYO 
acinacifor'me (mesembria, noon, because its flowers 
expand at midday). See M. edule. M. Chilen'se, 
Chilean species with very active cathartic proper- 
ties. M. cop'ticum, see Soda. M. crystal'linum, 
Diamond fig-marygold, Iceplant, ord. Ficoideae; a plant 
common in the neighborhood of Cape Town. It has 
been recommended in dysuria, ischuria, and some 
other affections of the urinary organs. M. edu'le and 
M. acinacifor'me, S. African plants; much used as 
domestic remedies at the Cape. Expressed juice of the 
leaves acts as an astringent in dysentery, and as a 
mild diuretic; also used as an antiseptic gargle in 
malignant sore throat, violent salivation, and aphthae, 
and as a lotion to burns and scalds. M. ficoi'des, 
M. crystallinum. M. tortuo'sum, also a S. African 
plant; is said to possess narcotic properties. 
Mesembryo, mes-em'bre-o (mesos, middle). Blas- 
tula. 
Mesembryonic, mes-em-bre-on'ik. jRelating to 
blastula. 
Mesencephalic, mes-en-sef-al'ik. Relating to the 
mesencephalon. 
Mesencephalon, mes-en-sef'al-on (meso, enkephalos, 
encephalon). Midbrain. In early fcetal development 
one of the three primary cerebral vesicles; from it 
are formed the crura cerebri below, corpora quad- 
rigemina above, its cavity remaining as the aqueduct 
of Sylvius. 
Mesencephalus, mes-en-sef'al-us (mesos, enkephalos). 
Term given by Lissa uer to skulls in which the angle 
between lines from hormion to nasion and inion is 
from 142.5° to 156.5°. 
Mesenchyma, mes-en'ke-mah (meso, middle, en- 
chuma, infusion). Substance of the mesoderm of some 
animals. 
Mesencranus, mes-en'kran-us (mesos and enkranion). 
Term applied by Lissauer to skulls with a median 
cerebellar sector of 15° to 20°. 
Mesenna, mes-en'nah. Bark of an Abyssinian tree, 
the Albizzia anthelmintica, belonging to the family 
of the Mimosas. The powdered bark is used by the 
natives, in doses of two ounces, as a powerful taenia- 
fuge. 
Mesenteremphraxis, mes-en-ter-em-fraks'is (mesen- 
teron, mesentery, emphraxis, obstruction). Obstruc- 
tion of the mesentery. 
Mesenteric, mes-en-ter'ik. Relating or belonging 
to the mesentery. M. ar'teries are two in number, 
and distinguished into-1. Superior mesenteric, which 
arises from the anterior part of the abdominal aorta, 
below the cceliac. It immediately descends to the 
left, forward, behind the pancreas, and in front of the 
third portion of the duodenum, to gain the superior 
extremity of the mesentery, where it makes a long 
curvature, the convexity of which is turned forward 
and to the left. Toward the termination of the ileum 
it ends by anastomosing with a branch of the A. col- 
ica dextra inferior. At its concavity it gives off the 
three arteriae colicae dextrae, which belong to the great 
intestine, and at its convexity it sends off fifteen or 
twenty branches, distributed to the small intestines, 
after forming numerous arches by their anastomoses. 
2. The Inferior mesenteric artery arises from the ante- 
rior part of the abdominal aorta, an inch and a half 
before its termination. It descends on the left side, 
behind the peritoneum, engages itself in the sub- 
stance of the iliac mesocolon, forming a considerable 
curvature, whose convexity faces the left side. When 
it reaches the brim of the pelvis it passes along the 
posterior separation of the mesorectum, and attains 
the neighborhood of the anus, under the name supe- 
rior hemorrhoidal artery. It gives off no branch at 
its concave part, but from the convex the three arte- 
rise colicae sinistrae arise. M. disease, tabes mesen- 
terica. M. fe'ver, enteric fever. M. glands or gan'- 
glia, lymphatic ganglia of the mesentery. Through 
them the chyliferous vessels pass to the thoracic duct. 
When these glands become diseased nutrition is 
interfered with and atrophy produced. M. her'nia, 
if one of the layers of the mesentery be torn by a 
blow, while the other remains in its natural state, the 
689 
MESIAL 
intestines may insinuate themselves into the aperture 
and form a kind of hernia. Not known during life. 
M. plex'uses are furnished by the solar plexus, and 
have been distinguished into superior and inferior, 
like the mesenteric arteries, which they accompany. 
M. or Mesara'ic veins are two in number, and belong 
to the vena porta. They are distinguished into-1. 
Superior mesenteric or mesaraic or great mesaraic. 
This trunk receives, from above to below and on the 
right side, the three venae colicae dextrse and the gas- 
tro-epiploica dextra. Into its left side the veins of the 
small intestine open. It passes in front of the trans- 
verse portion of the duodenum, and, behind the pan- 
creas, unites with the splenic vein to concur in the 
formation of the vena porta. The inferior or lesser 
mesenteric vein corresponds to the artery of the same 
name, and opens into the splenic near the union of 
that vein with the superior mesenteric and behind 
the pancreas. 
Mesenterica, mes-en-ter'ik-ah. Vessel of the mes- 
entery. 
Mesenterico-mesocolic (mes-en-ter'ik-o-me-so-kol'- 
ik) fold. Ligamentum mesenterico-mesocolicum. 
Mes'enteries (plural of Mesentery). See Mesentery. 
Mesenteriitis, mes-en-ter-e-e'tis. Mesenteritis. 
Mesenteriolum processus vermiformis, mes-en- 
ter-e'o-lum pro-ses'us verjne-for'mis. Duplicature of 
peritoneum connecting the vermiform process with 
the mesentery. 
Mesenteritic, mes-en-ter-it'ik. Eelating to mesen- 
teritis. 
Mesenteritis, mes-en-ter-e'tis. Inflammation of the 
mesentery. Pain is here seated deeply and more im- 
mediately in the mesenteric region. External ten- 
derness is less than in some of the other varieties of 
peritonitis. 
Mesenterium, mes-en-ter'e-um. Mesentery. M. 
cras'sum, mesocolon. M. u'teri, broad uterine liga- 
ments regarded as a whole. 
Mesenteroid, mes-en'ter-oid (mesenteron, mesentery, 
eidos, resemblance.) Bearing a resemblance to the 
mesentery. 
Mesenteron, mes-en'ter-on. Mesentery; middle 
portion of the foetal alimentary canal. 
Mesenterophthisis (mes-en-ter-o-te'sis) or Mesen- 
teriophthi'sis. Tabes mesenterica. 
Mesentery, mes' en - ter - e (meso, middle, enteron, 
intestine). Term in anatomy applied to several du- 
plicatures of the peritoneum, which maintain the 
different portions of the intestinal canal in their 
respective situations, allowing, however, more or less 
motion. They are formed of two laminae, between 
which are contained the corresponding portion of in- 
testine and the vessels that pass to it. One only of these 
duplicatures has received the name mesentery, properly 
so called. This belongs to the small intestine, which 
it suspends and retains in situ. Its posterior margin, 
which is the smallest, is straight, and descends 
obliquely from the left side of the body of the second 
lumbar vertebra to the right iliac fossa. Its anterior 
margin is curved, undulating, plaited, and corresponds 
to the whole length of the small intestine. The mes- 
entery contains, between the two laminae which form 
it, a number of lymphatic ganglions, the trunks and 
branches of the mesenteric vessels, the nervous 
plexuses accompanying them, and many lacteals and 
lymphatics. M., cse'cal, mesocaecum. M., car'diac, 
mesocardium. M., col'ic, mesocolon. M., gas'tric, 
mesogastrium. M., rec'tal, mesorectum. M., sig'moid, 
fold of peritoneum connecting sigmoid flexure to left 
iliac fossa. M., u'terine, mesometrium. 
Mesera. Tutia. 
Meseraic, mes-er-a'ik. Mesenteric. 
Mesiad, me'ze-ad. Toward the median plane. 
Mesial, me'ze-al (mesos, middle). Median; relating 
or appertaining to the middle. M. plane, imaginary 
plane dividing the head, neck, and trunk into similar 
halves toward right and left. Every aspect toward 
this plane is mesial; and every aspect toward right or 
left is lateral; every lateral aspect being dextral or 
sinistral. M. plate, see Plate. MESIANUM 
Mesianum, mes-e-an'um. Plaster of litharge, thus, 
alum, etc. See Aniceton. 
Mesion, mes'i-on. Middle plane. 
Mesitylene (mes'it-il-een) bihy'drate. Acetone. 
Mesmeric, mez-mer'ik (from Anthony Mesmer, the 
great promulgator of animal magnetism). Relating to 
mesmerism or animal magnetism, as the mesmeric 
state, etc. 
Mesmerism, mez'mer-izm. Magnetism, animal; 
hypnotism. 
Mesmerist, mez'mer-ist. Practiser of. or believer in, 
mesmerism. 
Mesmerization, mez-mer-i-za'shun. Magnetisation. 
Act of mesmerizing. State of being mesmerized. 
Mesmerized, mez'mer-ized. Magnetised. Affected 
with mesmerism or animal magnetism. When the 
person is in a state of magnetic sleep, he is said to be 
hypnotised. 
Mesmerizer, mez'mer-i-zer. Animal magnetiser, Mag- 
netiser. One who practises mesmerism. 
Mesmerophr enology, mez-mer-o-fren-ol'o-je. Phre- 
nomagnetism. 
Me'so (mesos, middle). In composition, middle. 
Mesoarium, mes-o-ah're-um (meso, oarion). See 
Ovary. 
Mesoarteritis, mes-o-art-er-e'tis (meso, arteria). In- 
flammation of middle arterial coat. 
Mesobacteria, mes-o-bak-te're-ah (meso, bakterion, 
small rod). Subdivision of the coccobacteria, including 
the medium-sized organisms. 
Mesoblast, me'so-blast (meso, blastos, germ). The 
mesoderm ; middle layer of the blastoderm; the nu- 
cleus. See Cytoblast and Molecule. M., allantoi'dean, 
that part of the mesoblast from which the allantois 
is formed. M., pari'etal, upper or external meso- 
blastic layer. M., somat'ic, mesoblast, parietal. M., 
splanch'nic or vis'ceral, lower mesoblastic layer. 
Mesoblastic, me-so-blast'ik. Relating to mesoblast. 
Mesobrachycephalic, me-so-brak-e-sef-al'ik. Meso- 
cephalic. Term applied to a head neither very long 
nor very short. 
Mesobregmate, me-so-breg'mate (meso, bregma, top 
of the head). See Cranium. 
Mesobregmus, mes-o-breg'mus. Term given by 
Lissauer to skulls in which the line drawn from hor- 
mion to bregma describes with the radius fixus an 
angle of 68° to 82°. 
Mesobronchitis, mes-o-bron-ke'tis (mesos, bronchia, 
bronchial tubes). Inflammation affecting middle 
layer of bronchial tubes. 
Mesobron'chium. Main bronchus of birds. 
Mesocaecum, mes-o-se'kum (meso, csecum). Name 
given to a duplicature of the peritoneum at the 
posterior part of the caecum. 
Mesocardia, mes-o-kar'de-ah (meso, kardia, heart). 
See Ectocardia. 
Mesocardium, mes-o-kard'e-um (meso, kardia, 
heart). Fold of mesoblast attached to the heart. M., 
ante'rior, formed by an extension of the mesoblast 
from anterior cardiac surface to anterior wall of the 
body. M., lat'eral, duplicature of mesoblast which 
in the early developmental period furnishes a partial 
division between the general cavity and the cavity 
in which the heart is situated. 
Mesocephalic, me-so-sef-al'ik (mesos, middle, kephale, 
head). Term applied in craniometry to a head of 
medium size. Also signifies relating to mesocephalon. 
Mesocephalitis, mes-o-sef-al-e'tis (meso, kephale, 
head). Inflammation of mesencephalon. 
Mesocephalon, mes-o-sef'al-on (meso, kephale, head). 
Medulla oblongata; pons Varolii. 
Mesocephalus, mes-o-sef'al-us (mesos, middle, 
kephale, head). Cranium with a capacity of from 1350 
to 1450 cubic centimetres. 
Mesocerebrum, mes-o-ser'e-brum. Mesocephalon. 
Mesochondriac, mes-o-kon'dre-ak (meso, chondros, 
cartilage). A name given by Boerhaave to fleshy 
fibres situate between the cartilaginous rings of the 
trachea. 
Mes'occele or Mesocoelia, mes-o-se'le-ah, Aquse- 
ductus Sylvii. 
690 
MESOLOBUS 
Mesocolic, me-so-kol'ik (meso, kolon, colon). Be- 
longing or relating to the mesocolon. 
Mesocolon, mes-o-ko'lon. Name given to the du- 
plicatures of the peritoneum which fix the different 
parts of the colon to the abdominal parietes. It has 
received different names, according to its situation. 
The right lumbar mesocolon fixes the ascending colon to 
the corresponding lumbar region. The transverse 
mesocolon arises from the concave arch of the colon, 
and forms a septum between the epigastric and um- 
bilical regions. Its inferior portion is continuous 
with the mesentery. The left lumbar mesocolon, which 
contains the ascending colon, is continuous below 
with the iliac mesocolon. The last includes between 
its layers the sigmoid flexure of the colon, and ends 
in the mesorectum. The fold of peritoneum which 
retains the sigmoid flexure in connection with the 
left iliac fossa is called the sigmoid mesocolon. Under 
the right kidney it is narrow and firm, and forms 
the right ligament of the colon; at the under end of 
the left kidney it forms the left ligament of the colon. 
Mesoconch, mes'o-konk. Possessing an orbital in- 
dex between 80° and 85°. 
Mesocranium, mes-o-kran'e-um (meso, kr anion, 
skull). Vertex. 
Mesocranum, mes-o-kran'um (meso, hr anon, skull). 
Vertex. 
Mesocuneiform, me-so-ku'ne-e-form (mesos, middle). 
Middle cuneiform bone. 
Mesocynion, mes-o-sin'e-on (mesos, middle, fcuon, 
dog). Union of talus and tibia. 
Mesocyst, me'so-sist (mesos, middle, kustis, cyst). 
Double fold of peritoneum joining gall-bladder and 
liver, only met with rarely where the bladder is 
entirely covered by the peritoneum. 
Mesodermic, me-so-dur'mik. Relating to meso- 
derm. 
Mesodermum, mes-o-dur'mum (meso, derma, skin). 
Corpus mucosum. 
Mesodme, mes-od'me (mesodme, crossbeam). Medias- 
tinum. 
Mesodmitis, mes-od-me'tis. Inflammation of the 
mediastinum. 
Mesodont, me'so-dont (mesos, middle, odous, tooth). 
Having medium-sized teeth. 
Mesoepididymis, mes-o-ep-e-did'e-mis (meso, epidid- 
umis, epididymis). Double serous fold like the meso- 
colon, formed by tunica vaginalis passing from the 
body of the epididymis and uniting it to the testicle. 
Mesogastric, me-so-gas'trik (mesos, middle, gaster, 
belly). Relating to the umbilical region. 
Mesogastrium, mes-o-gas'tre-um (meso, gaster, belly). 
Umbilical region; also a median membranous fold, 
a rudimental mesentery, which in early foetal devel- 
opment connects the alimentary canal with the rest 
of the embryo. M. Miil'leri, portion of mesentery 
which passes from the vertebral column to the left 
curvature of the stomach. 
Mesoglossal, me-so-glos'sal (meso, glossa, tongue). 
Situated in middle of tongue. 
Mesoglossus, mes-o-glos'sus (meso, glossa, tongue). 
Genioglossus. 
Mesoglottus, mes-o-glot'tus (meso, glotta, tongue). 
Genioglossus. 
Mesognathic, me-so-nath'ik. Relating to meso- 
gnathion. 
Mesognathion, mes-o-nath'e-on (mesos, middle, 
gnathos, jaw). The external of the two premaxillary 
bones described by Albrecht. 
Mesognathism, me-so-nath'ism. Condition of 
being mesognathous. 
Mesognathous, me - so - nath' us (mesos, middle, 
gnathos, jaw). Having a moderate or intermediate 
gnathic index of from 98° to 103°. 
Mesolobar, me-so-lo'bar. Belonging or relating to 
the mesolobe or corpus callosum. M. ar'teries, ar- 
teries of the corpus callosum. 
Me'solobe. Corpus callosum. 
Mesolobic, me-so-lo'bik. Relating to the mesolobe. 
Mesolobus, mes-ol'o-bug (meso, lobos, lobe). Corpus 
callosum. MESOLOGY 
Mesology, me-sol'o-je (mesos, middle, logos, speech). 
The science of the relations of organisms to the me- 
diums surrounding them. 
Mesomental, me-so-men'tal (meso, omentum). Ee- 
lating to middle of omentum. 
Mesomeria, mes-o-mer'e-ah (meso, meros, thigh). 
Parts of the body situate between the thighs and 
hips. 
Mesomerion, mes-o-mer'e-on. Perineum. 
Mesometritis, mes-o-met-re'tis (mesos, middle, metra, 
womb). Inflammation of the middle coat of the 
uterus. 
Mesomet'rium. Vascular tissue associating the 
body of the uterus with contiguous organs. 
Mesometron (mes-o-met'ron) or Mesom'etry (mesos, 
middle, metra, womb). Mesentery of womb or its 
annexes; broad ligament of the uterus. 
Mesomphalum (mes-om'fal-um) or Mesomphal'ion 
(meso, omphalos, navel). Umbilicus. 
Mes'on. Middle plane. 
Mesonasal, me-so-na'sal. Situated in middle of nose. 
Mesonephron, mes-o-nef'ron (mesos, middle, nephros, 
kidney). Fold of peritoneum which, when the kid- 
ney becomes displaced, may join it to the body-wall. 
Mesonephros, mes-o-nef 'ros. Wolffian body proper. 
Mesonotum, mes-o-no'tum (mesos, middle, noton, 
back). Dorsal part of mesothorax. 
Mesopanencephalus, mes-o-pan-en-sef'al-us (pan- 
enkephalos, the whole brain). Name given by Lissauer 
to skulls in which angle between lines drawn from 
hormion to basion and nasion is 163° to 188.5°. 
Mesophlebitis, mes-o-fleb-e'tis (meso, phlebitis). In- 
flammation of a vein; inflammation of the middle 
layer of a vein. 
Mesophlebium (mes-o-fleb'e-um) or Mesophleb'ion 
(meso, phleps, vein). Space between two veins. 
Mesophryon, mes-of're-on (meso, ophrus, eyebrow). 
Part between the eyebrows. 
Mesopleurium, mes-o-plu're-um (meso, pleuron, rib). 
Intercostal space. 
Mesopleurius, mes-o-plu're-us. Intercostal. 
Mesopodialia, mes-o-po-de-al'e-ah (mesos, middle, 
podion, foot). Bones of carpus and tarsus taken to- 
gether; as corresponding. 
Mesor'chis. See Mesorchium. 
Mesorchium (mes-or'ke-um) or Mesor'chion (meso, 
orchis, testicle). Duplicature of the peritoneum, 
which supports the testicle in its passage from the 
abdomen into the scrotum. 
Mesorectum, mes-o-rek'tum (meso, rectum, the intes- 
tine rectum). Triangular reflection formed by the 
peritoneum between the posterior surface of the rec- 
tum and the anterior surface of the sacrum. Between 
the two layers of which the mesorectum is composed 
are found much areolar tissue and the termination of 
the inferior mesenteric vessels. 
Mesorhine, mes'o-rheen (mesorrheen, having a me- 
dium-sized nose). Nose with an index from 48° to 
53°. 
Mesoropter, mes-or-op'tur (mesoros, boundary, and 
optomai, to see). Measure of field of accommodation; 
the distance within which an object is plainly visible. 
Mesosal'pinx (meso, salpinx, Fallopian tube). Upper 
part of the broad ligament, included between the 
Fallopian tube, tubo-ovarian ligament, and ovary 
with its proper ligament. 
Mesoscapula, mes-o-skap'u-lah. Spine of scapula. 
Mesoscapular, mes-o-skap'u-lar (meso, scapula). 
Term applied in early life to the acromial extremity 
of the clavicle, the mesoscapular segment of that 
bone. 
Mesoscelocele, mes-os-sel-o-se'le (Eng. mes-os'sel- 
o-seel) (mesoscelon, kele, rupture). Hernia, perineal. 
See also Hernia. 
Mesoscelon (mes-os'ke-lon) or Mesos'celum (mesos, 
skelos, leg). Perineum. 
Mesoscelophyma, mes-os-sel-o-fe'mah (mesoscelon, 
phuma, swelling). Tumor of the perineum. 
Mesoseme, mes'o-seem (mesos, middle, sema, mark). 
Having an orbital index between 84 and 89°. 
Mesostaphylic, mes-o-staf'il-ik (mesos, middle, 
691 
MESUA 
staphule, uvula). Having a palatal index of from 80° 
to 85°. 
Mesostate, mes'o-state {mesos, middle, stasis, state). 
Substance intermediate in formation and complexity 
in a series of metabolic changes. 
Mesosternal, mes-o-stur'nal. Relating to meso- 
sternum. 
Mesosternebra, mes-o-stur'ne-brah (mesos, middle, 
sternum). Segment forming body of sternum, situated 
between the manubrium and xiphoid appendage. 
Mesosternum, mes-o-stur'num (mesos, middle, and 
sternum). Body of the sternum proper; gladiolus. 
Mesosthenic, mes-os-then'ik (mesos, middle, sthenos, 
strength). Possessed with a medium amount of mus- 
cular force. 
Mesostomatous (mes-o-stom'at-us) or Mesost'omus 
{meso, stoma, mouth). Provided with a mouth in the 
middle of the body. 
Mesotarsal, mes-o-tar's'l. Mediotarsal. 
Mesotendon, mes-o-ten'dun. Membranous synovial 
folds extending to tendons from sheaths of their 
fibres. 
Mesothelioma, mes-o-the-le-o'mah. Epithelioma 
developing from middle layer of tissue in embryo. 
Mesothelium, mes-o-the'le-um. Epithelium which 
lines a primitive embryonic body-cavity. 
Mesothenar, mes-oth'e-nar (meso, thenar, the thenar, 
the palm of the hand). Muscle which carries the 
thumb toward the palm. Winslow applied the term 
to the abductor pollicis, united to the deep-seated 
portion of the flexor brevis pollicis. 
Mesotica, mes-ot'ik-ah {mesos, middle). Diseases 
affecting the parenchyma. Pravity in the quantity 
or quality of the intermediate or connecting substance 
of organs, without inflammation, fever, or other de- 
rangement of the general health. 
Mesotocatarrhus, mes-ot-o-kat-ar'rhus (mesos, mid- 
dle, ous, ear, katarrhos, catarrh). Catarrh of middle ear. 
Mesotoechitis, mes-o-te-ke'tis. Inflammation of 
the mediastinum. 
Mesotoechium (mes-o-te'ke-um) or Mesotoe'chum 
(partition wall, mesos, toichos, wall). Mediastinum. 
Mesovarium, mes-o-var'e-um {mesos, middle, ova- 
rium, ovary). Mesentery of the ovary. 
Mesoxalate, mes-oks'al-ate. Combination of meso- 
oxalic acid with a base. 
Mespilodaphne (mes-pil-o-daf'ne) cupula'ris. Spe- 
cies reputed to possess stomachic, sudorific, and anti- 
dysenteric properties. M. pretio'sa, bark resembles 
cinnamon in its properties. M. sas'safras, Canella 
sassafras. 
Mespilus, mes'pil-us (meso, pilos, a ball, from 
the resemblance of the fruit to half a ball). Ord. 
Rosaceae. The medlar. Fruit and seeds of the med- 
lar have both been used medicinally-the immature 
fruit as an astringent, and the seeds in nephritic dis- 
eases. See Crataegus aria and Sorhus aucuparia. M. 
a'ria, Crataegus aria. M. domes'tica, mespilus; Sor- 
bus domestica. M. German'ica, mespilus. M. inter- 
me'dia, Mespilus oxyacantha. M. laeviga'ta, Mes- 
pilus oxyacantha. M. oxyacan'tha, White hawthorn; 
the flowers of this uncommon European plant are 
sometimes used in infusion as a pectoral. M. oxy- 
canthoi'des, Mespilus oxyacantha. 
Mesquite (mes'keet) or Mez'quite gum. Gum ob- 
tained in New Mexico from a tree of the same family 
as the Acacia. Same virtues as gum arabic. 
Mestee, mes-te'. See Mestizo. 
Mestino. See Mestizo. 
Mestizo (mes-te'zo) or Mesti'no (mixtus, mixed). In 
Spanish America, the child of a Spaniard or Creole 
and a native Indian. See Half caste. A Mastee or 
Mestee is the child of a white and mulatto or quad- 
roon. 
Mesua, mezh'u-ah. Genus of shrubs or trees natives 
of the tropics. M. fer'rea, East Indian iron wood; 
bark is astringent, and root has tonic properties. An 
oil is made from the seeds which is used for external 
applications in rheumatism. M. nagana, peduncu- 
la'ta, Roxburgh'ii, or salici'na, M. ferrea. M. speci- 
o'sa, species similar to Mesua ferrea; bark and root META 
have sudorific properties; leaves are expectorant; oil 
of the seeds is employed externally in rheumatism. 
Meta, met'ah (meta, meth, with, together with, after, 
change of form and place). Common prefix to terms. 
Metabasis, met-ah'as-is (metabaino, meta, baino, to 
go, to digress). Change of remedy, practice, etc. 
Metabioxyphenol, met-ah-be-oks-e-phen'ol. Ee- 
sorcin. 
Metabole, met-ab'o-le (metaballo, to transpose). 
Metabasis; transformation. 
Metabolelogy, me-ta-bol-el'o-je (metabole, change, 
logos, description). Description of the changes which 
supervene in the course of a disease. 
Metabolia, met-ab-ol'e-ah. Metabasis. 
Metabolic, met-a-bol'ik. Appertaining to change 
or transformation. M. force, term employed by 
Schwann for the power possessed by living cells of 
changing the character of the substances brought in 
contact with them. 
Metabolism, met-ab'o-lizm (metaballo, to change). 
Chemical change within the body in nutrition and 
secretion. The term includes anabolism, more com- 
plex, and katabolism, less complex change. 
Metabolite, met-ab'o-lite. Product of metabolism. 
Metabolous, met-ab'ol-us. Metabolic. 
Metacarpal, met-a-kar'pal (metacarpus). Eelating 
or .belonging to the metacarpus. M. ar'tery arises 
from the radial at the moment it engages itself in the 
upper extremity of the abductor indicis. It descends 
obliquely upon the back of the hand; its branches 
are distributed to the abductor indicis and the in- 
teguments; some communicate with the dorsalis 
carpi. M. articulations are those by which the last 
four metacarpal bones are united together at their 
upper extremity. M. bones, or bones composing the 
metacarpus, are five in number, and distinguished 
into first, second, third, etc., beginning from the outer 
or radial side. They are articulated by their supe- 
rior extremity with the bones of the second range of 
the carpus, and by the lower with the first phalanges. 
M. canals', spaces in palm of hand situate between 
tendons of flexors of fingers. M. lig'ament, Inferior 
palmar ligament, fibrous band, stretched transversely 
before the inferior extremities of the last four meta- 
carpal bones, which it keeps in their respective posi- 
tions. M. mus'cles, interosseous muscles of hand. 
M. phalan'ges, first phalanges of the fingers, so called 
because they are articulated with the bones of the 
metacarpus. M. range or row of the car'pal bones, 
lower row of carpal bones, so called because they are 
articulated with the bones of the metacarpus; they 
are composed of trapezium, trapezoid, magnum, and 
unciform. 
Metacarpalia, met-ah-kar-pal'e-ah. Metacarpal 
bones. 
Metacarpeus, met-ah-kar'pe-us. Abductor meta- 
carpi minimi digiti. 
Metacarpion, met-a-kar'pe-on. Metacarpus. 
Metacarpocarpal, met-a-kar'po-kar-pal. Eelating 
to the metacarpus and carpus, as the metacarpocarpal 
articulation. 
Metacarpometacar'pal. Eelating to the meta- 
carpal bones in their associations with each other. 
Metacarpophalan'geal. Eelating to metacarpus 
and phalanges. M. lig'aments, ante'rior, digital 
fibro-cartilages. 
Metacarpophalangeus pollicis, met-a-kar-po-fal-an- 
je'us pol'lis-is. Abductor pollicis mantis. 
Metacarpophalangian, met-a-kar-po-fal-an'j e-an. 
Metacarpophalangal; belonging to the metacarpus and 
phalanges. M. or Metacarpophalan'gal articula'- 
tions are formed by the bones of the metacarpus and 
the corresponding phalanges. In these articulations 
the bony surfaces are incrusted with cartilage, cov- 
ered by a synovial membrane, and kept in connection 
by means of an anterior and two lateral ligaments. 
Metacarpus, met-a-kar'pus (meta, karpos, wrist). 
The part of the hand comprised between the carpus 
and fingers. Composed of five parallel bones, called 
metacarpals, forming the back of the hand externally 
and the palm internally, 
692 
METAKINESIS 
Metacellulose, met-ah-sel'u-loze. Cellulose. 
Metacerasma, met-ah-ser-as'mah (meta, kerannumi, 
to mix). Mixture of hot and cold water. 
Metacerasmolutron, met-ah-ser-az-mol-u'tron (meta- 
cerasma, loutron, bath). Bath prepared either cold or 
warm. 
Metacetamide, met-as-et'am-eed. Proprionamide. 
Metace'tic acid. Proprionic acid. 
Metacetonic, met-as-e-ton'ik (meta, change, acetone). 
Obtained as one of the products when sugar is heated 
with hydrate of potash ; resembles acetic acid. 
Metacheirisis, met-ah-ki-ris'is (meta, cheir, hand). 
Surgery; manual treatment of disease. 
Metachirisis (met-a-kir'es-is) or Metachirismus, 
met-a-kir-is'mus. Surgery; manual treatment of 
disease. 
Metachloral, met-a-klo'ral. White substance, in- 
soluble in water, obtained by the action of sulphuric 
acid on anhydrous chloral. Narcotic like chloral 
hydrate, but less active. 
Metachoresis, met-ah-ko-ra'sis (meta, choreo, to go). 
Metastasis. Dislocation. 
Metachromatism, met-a-kro'ma-tizm (meta, chro- 
ma, color). Change of color. 
Metachysis, met-ak'es-is (meta, chuo, to pour). 
Transfusion of blood, or introduction of any sub- 
stance into the circulation. 
Metacinema, met-ah-sin-a'mah (meta, kineo, to 
move). Metastasis. 
Metacinesis, met-ah-sin-e'sis. Metastasis. 
Met'acism. Act of using the letter m too frequently. 
Metacoele (met-a-se'le) or Metacoelia, met-a-se'le-ah 
(meta, beyond, koilia, cavity). Fourth ventricle of the 
brain. 
Metacondyle, met-a-kon'dile. See Phalanx. 
Metacone, met'ah-kone (meta, beyond, konos, cone). 
Posterior external cusp of a superior molar. 
Metaconid, met-ah-ko'nid. Anterior internal cusp 
of an inferior molar. 
Metaconule, met-ah-kon'ule. Posterior intermediate 
cusp of a superior molar. 
Metacopaivic acid, met-a-ko-pa'vic as'id. Acid ob- 
tained from copaiba. 
Metacyesis, met-ah-se-a'sis (meta, kuesis, pregnancy). 
Extra-uterine pregnancy in which the foetus is at 
first in the uterus, but subsequently in some other 
place. 
Metadermatosis, met-ah-dur-mat-o'sis (meta, derma, 
skin). Abnormal development of the epidermis or 
epithelium. 
Metadioxybenzene, met-ah-di-oks-e-ben'zeen. Re- 
sorcin. 
Metadioxybenzol, met-ah-di-oks-e-ben'zol. Resor- 
cin. 
Metadrasis, met - ad' ras - is (meta, drasis, action). 
Over-exertion. 
Metafacial, met-a-fa'shul (meta, behind, facies, face). 
Situate behind the face. M. an'gle, angle formed by 
pterygoid processes with base of cranium. 
MetagalTic acid. Substance formed by action of 
a ferric salt on gallic acid. 
Metagas'ter (meta, beyond, gaster, stomach). Ali- 
mentary canal of such embryonic animals as have 
the organs of respiration formed from it. 
Metagenesis, met-ah-jen'es-is (meta, genesis, genera- 
tion). Alternate or changeable generation. Term pro- 
posed by Professor Owen to express the changes of 
form which one animal species undergoes in a series 
of successively produced individuals, extending from 
the one developed from the ovum to that which be- 
comes the image or last perfected individual. This 
term he employs in contradistinction to Metamorpho- 
sis, which he restricts to the changes of form under- 
gone by one and the same individual. See Generation, 
alternate, and Parthenogenesis. 
Metagenetic (met-ah-jen-et'ik) or Metagen'ic. Re- 
lating to metagenesis. 
Metagummic acid, met-ah-gum'mik as'id. Met- 
arabic acid. 
Metakinesis, met-ah-kin-a'sis (meta, kineo, to move), 
Metastasis, METAKRESOL 
Metakre'sol. See Kresol. 
Met'al. A class of simple bodies, in general dis- 
tinguished from others by considerable specific 
gravity, a particular splendor, almost total opacity, 
insolubility in water, and the property they have 
of ringing when struck. Metals have no effect, 
except of a mechanical nature, when taken into the 
stomach, unless they have already undergone, or 
undergo in the stomach, oxidation or union with an 
acid, when at times deleterious compounds may be 
formed. Copper cents, half-pence, quicksilver, lead, 
have frequently been swallowed in the metallic state 
with impunity. Tin and mercury are the only metals 
prescribed for a mechanical effect, the former as an 
anthelmintic, the latter, idly enough, in cases of 
fancied intussusception. 
Metalbumin, met-al-bu'min {meta, albumen). Mix- 
ture of paralbumin and proteids, met with in urine 
and some ovarian cysts. 
Metaldehyde, met-al'de-hide {meta, aldehyde). A 
white, crystalline solid, a partial conversion of 
aldehyde, when in contact with acids or low tem- 
perature. Hypnotic. 
Metallacter, met-al-lak'tur. The genus bacillus. 
B. tremulus. 
Metallage, met-al'lag-e {meta, allasso, to exchange). 
Metabasis. 
Metallaxis, met-al-laks'is. Metabasis. 
Metallenterophthisis, met-al-lent-er-o-te'sis {metal- 
ion, enter on, intestine, phthisis). Intestinal phthisis 
due to poisoning with metals. 
Metallic (met-al'lik) voice. Noise resembling that 
caused by striking glass, metal, or porcelain with a 
pin, or the sound of the keys of a musical box; 
pathognomonic of pneumothorax. 
Metallochymia, met-al-lo-kim'e-ah. Chemistry of 
metals. 
Metallodynia, met-al-lo-din'e-ah {metallon, metal, 
odune, pain). Pain owing to the injurious influence 
of a metal-as lead, quicksilver, etc. 
Metalloid, met'al-loid {metallon, metal, eidos, form). 
Resembling a metal. 
Metallophagy, met-al-lof'aj-e {metallon, phago, to 
eat). Variety of mania characterized by a desire to 
swallow metal. 
Metalloscopy, met-al-los'ko-pe {metallon, metal, sko- 
peo, to view). Mode of determining by applying 
metals to the skin what metals act most favorably. 
Treatment of disease by application of metals to the 
part affected, or metallotherapy. 
Metallother'apy. See Metalloscopy. 
Metallum, met-al'lum. Metal. M. haematopoet- 
icum, iron. 
Metamere, met'am-ere {meta, after, meros, part). 
One of a longitudinal series of parts which are serially 
homologous with one another. 
Metameric, met-a-mer'ik. Relating to a metamere 
or metamerism. 
Metamerism, met-am'er-izm. Condition of being 
metameric. 
Metamorphia, met-ah-mor'fe-ah. An alkaloid ob- 
tained by Wittstein from a substance separated from 
the dregs of laudanum, probably the result of chemi- 
cal change in morphia. 
Metamorphic! (met-ah-morf'is-e) mor'bi {meta- 
morphoo, meta, morphe, form, to transform). Develop- 
mental diseases. Special diseases, the incidental re- 
sult of the formative, reproductive, and nutritive 
powers. 
Metamorphine, met-ah-morf'een. Metamorphia. 
Metamorphopsia, met-ah-mor-fop'se-ah {meta, 
morphe, form, transformation, opsis, vision). Imagina- 
tion, Metamorphopsy, False sight. Aberration of the 
sense of sight, which transmits the image of imagi- 
nary objects. This affection sometimes depends on a 
slight opacity in the transparent parts of the eye- 
the cornea, crystalline, or vitreous humor-when it is 
symptomatic and of no consequence. At other times 
it appears to be idiopathic, and occurs particularly in 
those who have been in the habit of constantly fixing 
their eyes on very brilliant or small bodies. The 
693 
> METAPOPHYSES 
objects fancied to be seen are various. They are 
sometimes circular, perpetually moving ; or shining, 
or black spots, cobwebs, insects, or pieces of wool- 
when they are often termed Muscae or Flocci volitantes, 
and the condition Visus muscarum, Scotomata, Suffusio 
myodes, Myiodeopsia, Myoidopsia, Myodeopsia, Myodeso- 
pia, Visus muscarum. These appearances continue 
for a few days, or they may exist for life and ulti- 
mately impair the sight. Certain of them change 
their position, and appear to be seated in the humors 
of the eye, in the vitreous humor more especially; 
hence the term entohyaloid muscae applied to them. 
If the affection be symptomatic, it is of but little 
moment. If idiopathic and connected with excite- 
ment of the brain, attention will have to be paid to 
that organ. 
Metamorphop'sy. Metamorphopsia. 
Metamorphoses, met-ah-mor-fo'sees (Eng. met-a- 
mor'fo-sees) (meta, morphao, to shape). In pathology, 
conversion of constitutents of tissues, chiefly albu- 
minous, into other material; included are the fatty, 
mucoid, and colloid degenerations. 
Metamorphosis, met-ah-mor-fo'sis (Eng. met-a- 
mor'fo-sis). See Metagenesis and Transformation. M. 
adipo'sa, metamorphosis, fatty. M., albu'minous, 
swelling, cloudy. M., ca'seous or chees'y, casea- 
tion. M., croup'ous, change taking place among 
epithelial cells when they commence to become 
croupous. M., descending, retrograde metamorpho- 
sis from decay and dissolution of the organic tissues 
and of the blood. M., gran'ular albu'minous, in 
this form of degeneration the molecules are found 
throughout the tissues, giving rise to the cloudy 
swelling. M. regre'diens, histolysis. M., regres'- 
sive, ret'rograde, or retrogres'sive, M., descending. 
M. ventric'uli gelatinifor'mis, gastromalacia. 
Metamorphotic, met-a-mor-fot'ik. Pertaining to 
metamorphosis. 
Metamorphy, met-ah-morf'e. Metamorphosis. 
Metanephric, met-ah-nef'rik. Eelating to meta- 
nephros. 
Metaneph'ros (meta, nephros, kidney). Back por- 
tion of the Wolffian duct, which develops into kidney 
and ureter. 
Metangismus, met-an-jis'mus (meta, angeion, vessel). 
Decantation. 
Metapedium, met-ah-ped'e-um (meta, podion, dim. 
of pous, foot). Metatarsus. 
Metapeptone, met-a-pep'tone. See Peptone. 
Metaphenylendi'amine. Poisonous base similar to 
ptomaines, causing vomiting and diarrhoea, increased 
urinary secretion, etc. 
Metaphlogosis, met-ah-flo-go'sis (meta, beyond, 
phlogosis, burning). Inflammation in which the parts 
are engorged with blood, but accompanied with only 
slight induration. 
Metaphosphate, met-a-fos'fate. Salt formed by 
metaphosphoric acid uniting with a base. 
Metaphrenon, met - af' re - non (meta, phren, dia- 
phragm). The back. 
Metaphysician, met-a-fiz-ish'un. In a medical 
sense, one practising mind-cure. 
Metaphysis, met-af-is'is (meta, over, phusis, nature). 
Metamorphosis. 
Metaphyteia, met-af-e-ti'ah (meta, phuo, to produce). 
Transplantation. 
Metaplasia, met-ah-plaz'e-ah (metaplasia, transfor- 
mation). Change of adult tissue into a different form 
of adult tissue, as, for instance, of hyaline cartilagi- 
nous into osseous tissue. 
Metaplasm, met'ah-plazm. Protoplasm in a state 
of retrograde metamorphosis. 
Metaplastic, met-ah-plast'ik. Eelating to change 
of cartilage into osseous structure. 
Metaplex, met'ah-pleks. Choroid plexus. 
Metapodialia, met-ah-po-de-al'e-ah. Bones of meta- 
carpus and metatarsus considered as one. 
Metapodium, met-ah-po'de-um (podion, a foot). 
Metatarsus. 
Metapophyses, met-ap-of 'is-ees. Mammillary pro- 
cesses of the vertebrae (Owen). METAPORE 
Metapore, met'a-pore. Foramen of Magendie. 
Metaporopcea (met-ah-por-o-pe'ah) or Metaporo- 
poesis (meta, poros, pore, poieo, to make). Change 
produced in the minute pores in the capillary ex- 
tremities of vessels passing from the morbid to the 
healthy condition. 
Metapsyche, met-ah-se'ke (meta, behind, psuche, 
soul). Metencephalon. 
Metaptosis, met-ap-to'sis (meta, pipto, to fall). Mu- 
tation ; change; change in the form or seat of a dis- 
ease ; transformation. 
Metarabin, met-ar'a-bin. Gum from cherry, plum, 
and almond trees. 
Metarrhcea, met-ar-rhe'ah (rheo, to flow). Reflux; 
transfer of a disease from without to within, or from 
one part to another. 
Metarrhysis, met-ar'rhis-is. Metarrhcea. 
Metaschematisis, met-ah-skem-at'is-is (meta, schema, 
form). Metaptosis. 
Metaschematism, met-a-ske'mat-izm. Metaptosis 
of membrane. 
Metastasis, met-as'tas-is (meta, histemi, to place). 
Displacement, Translation. Change in the seat of a 
disease, as in mumps, from the parotid gland to the 
testicle; also used in the same sense as metaptosis. M. 
dolo'rum ad par'tum, condition which may occur 
during labor, in which the contractions of the uterus 
stop abruptly and pains of a like character are felt in 
other parts of the body. M. lac'tis, galactoplania; 
phlegmasia dolens. M., milk, galactoplania; phleg- 
masia dolens. 
Metastatic, met-a-stat'ik. Belonging or relating to 
metastasis. 
Metastearic (met-a-ste-ar'ik) acid. Margaric acid. 
Metasternum, met-ah-ster'num (meta, behind, ster- 
non, breast). Ensiform cartilage. 
Metasyncrisis, met-ah-sin'kris-is (meta, sunkrino, to 
join). Recomposition; recomposition of bodies after 
their momentary dissolution; recorporation. 
Metasyncritic, met-a-sin-krit'ic (same etymon). 
Belonging or relating to metasyncrisis. Medicines 
were formerly so called to which was attributed the 
virtue of producing the metasyncrisis or regeneration 
of the body or of some of its parts. 
Metatarsal, met-a-tar'sal. Relating or belonging to 
the metatarsus. M. ar'tery arises from the arteria 
dorsalis tarsi, passes transversely over the back of the 
foot, and furnishes at its convexity, which is anterior, 
three branches, called arteriae interossese dorsales 
pedis. These branches are distributed in the interosse- 
ous spaces. M. articulations are those resulting from 
the junction of the metatarsal bones with each other; 
are strengthened behind by dorsal and plantar liga- 
ments, and before by a transverse metatarsal ligament, 
which is plantar and has the greatest analogy to the 
inferior transverse metacarpal ligament. M. bones are 
five in number, and are distinguished as the first, 
second, third, fourth, etc., reckoning from the outer side. 
M. phalan'ges are the first phalanges of the toes; so 
called because they are united to the metatarsus. M. 
row, of the bones of the tarsus, is the second row or 
that contiguous to the metatarsus, comprehending 
the cuboid and three cuneiform bones; some add the 
scaphoid. 
Metatarsalgia, met-ah-tar-sal'je-ah (metatarsus, 
algos, pain). Pain in the metatarsus. 
Metatarseus, met-ah-tar'se-us. See Abductor minimi 
digiti pedis. 
Metatarsium, met-ah-tar'se-um. Metatarsus. 
Metatarso-infraphalangian, met-ah-tar'so-in-frah- 
fal-an'je-an. Subphalangeus. 
Metatarso-latera'les supraplanta'res, see Inter- 
ossei pedis. 
Metatarso-latera'lis. Situated on outer metatarsal 
side. 
Metatarso-phalan'gei lateraTes planta'res. In- 
terossei plan tares. M.-p. transver'sus hallu'cis, 
transversus pedis. 
Metatarso-phalan'gian or -phalan'gal. Relating to 
the metatarsus and phalanges. M.-p. articulations 
are formed by the bones of the metatarsus and the 
694 
METHAEMOGLOBIN 
corresponding phalanges. They hear the greatest 
analogy to the metacarpophalangian articulations. 
Metatarso-subphalange'us hallu'cis, adductor 
hallucis. M.-s. min'imi dig'iti, adductor minimi 
digiti pedis. M.-s. pol'licis, adductor hallucis. 
Metatarsus met-a-tar'sus (meta, after, tarsos, tar- 
sus). Part of the foot situate between the tarsus and 
toes, corresponding with the metacarpus; composed 
of five parallel bones, one to each toe. Like the 
metacarpal bones, they are developed from two 
points of ossification. 
Metatela, met-ah-tel'ah (meta, behind, tela, tissue). 
Posterior chorioid membrane. 
Metathesis, met-ath'es-is (meta, tithemi, to place). 
Transposition ; operation by which a morbific agent 
is removed from one place to another, where it may 
produce less disturbance in the exercise of the func- 
tions ; as, for example, in the operation of depressing 
cataract, or when a calculus in the urethra is pushed 
back into the bladder. Also derivation. 
Metathetic, met-ah-thet'ik. Eelating to metathesis. 
Metatio, met-ah'she-o (metor, to measure). Mensu- 
ration. 
Metatithmenla, met-a-tith-men'e-ah (metatithemi, 
to change). Vicarious menstruation. 
Metatocia, met-ah-tos'e-ah (meta, tokos, birth). Pre- 
ternatural labor. 
Metatoluic (met-ah-tol-u'ik) ac'ld. Toluic acid. 
Metatro'phia (meta, trophe, nourishment). Atrophy 
due to defective nutrition. 
Metazo'a (meta, zoe, life). Animals whose ova 
undergo division. 
Metazoan, met-ah-zo'an. Eelating to the metazoa. 
Metella, met-el'lah. Nux vomica. 
Metencephalon, met-en-sef'al-on (meta, enkephalos, 
brain). After-brain. One of the fundamental parts- 
epencephalon and metencephalon-of which the posterior 
primary cerebral vesicle is the basis. The former in- 
cludes the cerebellum, pons Varolii, and anterior part 
of the fourth ventricle; the latter, the medulla oblon- 
gata, fourth ventricle, and auditory nerve. 
Metensomatosis, met-en-so-mat-o'sis (meta, en, soma, 
body). Incorporation. 
Meteorism, me'te-or-izm. Tympanites. M., myo- 
gen'ic, meteorism due to atonic condition of the ab- 
dominal wall. M., paralyt'ic, meteorism caused by 
paralysis affecting the intestinal muscular layer. 
Meteorismus, me-te-or-iz'mus (meteorizo, to elevate). 
Sublimation; tympanites. 
Meteoristic, me-te-or-ist'ik. Tympanitic. 
Meteorization, me-te-or-i-za'tion. Production of 
gas in the cavity of the abdomen. 
Meteorology, me-te-o-rol'o-je (meteoros, a meteor, 
logos, discourse). The science whose object is the 
knowledge of the origin, formation, changes, etc. of 
atmospheric phenomena. The state of the atmosphere 
has a most important bearing upon the health of ani- 
mals. Every epidemic affection has its causes seated 
there. The barometer, thermometer, and hygrometer 
are the instruments used to detect the varying weight 
or pressure, temperature, and moisture. 
Me'ter (metron, a measure). Suffix to words de- 
noting a measure, as in Barometer, Pleximeter, etc. 
See Weights and Measures. Also uterus (meter, uterus). 
Me'ter-lens. Lens whose focal distance is one 
meter; used by oculists. 
Meth. Prefix to terms. See Meta. 
Methacetin, meth-as'e-tin. Crystalline substance 
obtained from action of melted phenol and nitric acid 
recrystallization, action of soda lye, glacial acetic 
acid, etc. Crystallizes in colorless scales. Antipyretic, 
analgesic, sometimes violently sudorific. 
Methsemachymia, meth-e-ma-kim'e-ah (meth, haima, 
blood, chuo, to pour). Transfusion. 
Methaemata, meth-e'mat-ah (sing. Methaema) (meth, 
haima, blood). Capillary or intermediate system of 
vessels in which the blood undergoes the change from 
venous to arterial, and conversely. See Capillary 
vessels. 
Methaemoglo'bin. Product of incomplete decom- 
position of haemoglobin or of its excessive oxidation. M ETH/E M OGLO BI N/E MIA 
Methaemoglobinsemia, meth-e-mo-glob-in-e'me-ah. 
Blood containing methaemoglobin. 
Methsemoglobinuria, meth-e-mo-glo-bin-u're-ah 
(methsemoglobus, our on, urine). Urine containing meth- 
aemoglobin. 
Methaemoglobulin, meth-e-mo-glob'u-lin (meth, 
haima, blood, globulin). Result of change in haemo- 
globin when left to itself or carbonic acid gas is 
passed through it. May be seen in old extravasations 
of blood. 
Methane, meth'ane. Marsh gas; after-damp; light 
carburetted hydrogen. 
Meth'e. Drunkenness or a state resembling it. 
Metheglin, meth-eg'lin. A drink prepared with 
honey. 
Methemerinus, meth-em-er'in-us Daily; quo- 
tidian. 
Meth'enyl chlo'ride. Chloroform. 
Methide, mercuric, meth'id, mer'ku-rik. See Mer- 
curic. 
Methilepsia. Methomania. 
Methobiostatica (meth-o-be-o-stat'ik-ah) or Metho- 
biostatice, meth-o-be-o-stat'is-e. Treatise on effects 
of over-indulgence in alcoholic beverages on human 
life. 
Meth'od (meth, hodos, way). This word has different 
acceptations in the sciences. In medicine, curative 
method is the methodical treatment of disease. This 
word also applies to various modi operandi employed 
by accoucheurs in the practice of their art. M., anti- 
septic, method introduced in surgery by Sir Joseph 
Lister; see Surgery, antiseptic, and Antiseptic. M. of 
counting, method, numerical. M., graphic, see 
Graphic. M., Howard's, see Drowning, resuscitation from. 
M., Maria'no's, see Lithotomy. M., Marshall Hall's, see 
Drowning, resuscitation from. M., numerical, Method of 
observation or of counting, of Louis, consists in observing 
every case and every symptom of a case numerically, 
so as to ensure, as far as practicable, accuracy of ob- 
servation, and to enable us, by the analysis and colla- 
tion of such facts, to deduce general laws and con- 
clusions. Also the applicatipn of numbers to the 
study of disease. See Statistics, medical. HL., read'y, 
of Dr. Marshall Hall, see Ready method and Drowning, 
resuscitation from. M., Sylvester's, see Sylvester. 
Methodical compression, me-thod'e-kal kom- 
presh'un. See Compression. 
Methodics, me-thod'iks. Methodists. 
Methodists, meth'o-dists. Methodical sect, Methodics. 
Sect of physicians whose doctrine was in vogue after 
that of the Empirics and Dogmatists toward the end 
of the first century. The doctrine, Medinina method- 
ica, Methodismus, Methodism, resembles in some respects 
that of Brown. 
Methodology (meth-o-doro-je) (medical) (method, 
logos, discourse). Method applied to the study of 
medicine. 
Methodus, meth'o-dus. Method. M. cataleplica, 
see Cataleptic. M. Celsia'na, see Lithotomy. M. cura- 
to'ria, therapeutics. M. derivato'ria, derivative or 
revellent system of treatment. M. endermatlca or 
ender'mica, see Endermic. M. Franconia'na, see 
Lithotomy. M. Guytonia'na, see Lithotomy. M. me- 
den'di, method of cure ; therapeutics. 
Methogastrosis, meth-o-gas-tro'sis (methe, drunken- 
ness, gastrosis, disease of the stomach). Disease of 
the stomach from excessive use of alcohol. 
Methomania, meth-o-man'e-ah (methe, drunkenness, 
mania, mania). Irresistible desire for intoxicating 
substances. See Temulence, (Enomania, Dipsomania. 
Methonome, meth'o-nome. Instrument used for 
correction of stuttering. 
Methoxycaffeine, meth-ox-e-caf'fe-een. Derivative 
of alkaloid caffeine from coffee and tea plants and 
Paullinia sorbilis. White substance; a weak narcotic 
used in neuralgia and migraine; also locally anaes- 
thetic. 
Methozine, meth'o-zeen. Antipyrine. 
Meth'u. Wine. See Temulentia. 
Meth'yl. Hypothetical radical, CH3, of methylic 
alcohol. M. al'cohol, see Alcohol. M. ben'zol, tolu- 
695 
• METHYLENE 
ene. M. bro'mide, liquid, CHsBr, with odor like 
chloroform. M. chlo'ride, see Methylene bichloride. M. 
guan'idine, a toxic ptomaine, result of oxidation of 
creatine and creatinine. M. hydan'toin (C4H6N2O2), 
leucomaine extracted from fresh meat. M., hy'drated 
ox'ide of, spiritus pyroxylicus. M. hy'dride, marsh 
gas. M. i'odide, Methylene iodide; colorless liquid 
obtained by distilling together phosphorus 1 p., iodine 
8 p., and wood-spirit 12 or 15 p. When added to other 
substances, as strychnia, brucia, morphia, thebaia, 
codeia, etc., it forms methyl iodides, as iodide of 
methyl-strychnia, iodide of methyl-brucia, etc. The 
poisonous properties of each are greatly diminished 
by such additions. Some of them possess the physi- 
ological action of curare. M. ox'ide, methylic ether. 
M. salicylate, methylsalicylic acid. M. spirit, 
alcohol. M. vi'olet, aniline dye for staining bacteria; 
germicidal; pyoktanin. 
Methylacetanilide, meth-il-as-e-tan'il-eed. Exal- 
gine. 
Methylal, meth'il-al. Methylene dimethyl ether, 
CH2(OCH3)2, colorless liquid, soluble in water, alco- 
hol, or ether, obtained from distillation of methylic 
alcohol, sulphuric acid, and manganic oxide; has 
hypnotic and anaesthetic properties, and is used hypo- 
dermically as an antidote to poisoning by strychnine. 
Prescribed in mental diseases, delirium, psychoses, 
insomnia. Successful remedy administered subcu- 
taneously in delirium tremens. 
Methylamine, meth' il-am-een. Colorless gas, 
NH2CH3, possessing a strong ammoniacal odor, and 
strongly resembling ammonia; burns when ignited. 
Ptomaine in putrefying fish. 
Meth'ylated spirit. Mixture of alcohol contain- 
ing 10 per cent, of methylic alcohol; the addition of 
the latter ingredient makes it unfit for drinking. 
Used in chemistry and the arts as a solvent. 
Methylation, meth-il-a'shun. Process of mixing 
with methyl alcohol. 
Methylendimethylether, meth-il-end-im-eth'-il-e- 
ther. Methylal. 
Methyle'ni bichlor'idum. Methylene bichloride. 
M. ioda'tum, methylene iodide. 
Methylenum, meth-il-e'num. Methylene. 
Methylben'zol. Toluene. 
Methylconine, meth'il-ko-neen. Alkaloid of conium, 
found in conium of commerce. 
Methylene (meth'il-een) bichlo'ride. Chlormethyl, 
Chloromethyl. Colorless liquid with an odor of chloro- 
form, of a sp. gr. 1.344, introduced to notice by Dr. 
B. W. Richardson of London; made by exposing to 
sunshine in a glass globe chlorine and gaseous chlo- 
ride of methyl and condensing, or by mutual action 
of methyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid. Chloride 
of methyl is prepared by heating together wood- 
spirit, common salt, and sulphuric acid, and collect- 
ing the evolved gas over water. A less manageable 
anresthetic than the bichloride, which produces insen- 
sibility without previous excitement, its effects con- 
tinuing longer than other anaesthetics. The quantity 
used averaged, in the cases thus far cited, about a 
drachm every five minutes. M., bihy'drate of, spiritus 
pyroxylicus. M. blue, coal-tar color of deep blue, a 
diphenylamine compound ; used in dyeing, and exten- 
sively for staining bacteriological specimens. The 
hydrochloride of the pure tetramethylthionine, used 
in medicine under this name, is of the color of indigo, 
analgesic when used internally in rheumatism, neur- 
algia, migraine, intermittent fever, tuberculosis, etc. 
Externally it is used in scrofulous glands of the neck, 
tuberculosis of the pharynx, etc. M. chlo'ride (CH2CI2), 
prepared by action of chlorine on marsh gas, or by 
reduction of chloroform, in alcoholic solution, by zinc 
and hydrochloric acid. Colorless liquid, with odor 
like that of chloroform, for which it was suggested 
as a substitute, especially in gynecological practice, 
although serious nervous and tetanic effects have been 
reported from its use. Another preparation under 
the same name, a mixture of ethyl ether and methyl- 
ene chloride, has been used as an anaesthetic, but it is 
not safe thus employed. Under the same name a mix- METHYLGUANIDINE 
ture of chloroform and methyl chloride has been sim- 
ilarly employed. M. dichlo'ride, anaesthetic, used as 
a substitute for chloroform; M. bichloride. M. e'ther, 
mixture of methylene bichloride and ethylic ether 
has been so named by Dr. B. W. Eichardson. Said by 
him to be a very agreeable, unirritating, and safe 
anaesthetic. 
Methylguanidine, meth-il-gwan'id-een. C2H7N3. 
Poisonous ptomaine, product of oxidation of creatine 
and creatinine from decomposing horse-flesh and 
from mixed cultures in beef broth. 
Methylhydan'toin. Leucomaine existing in fresh 
muscle. 
Methylic, meth-il'ik. Eelating to or containing 
methyl. M. al'cohol, pyroligneous spirit, wood- 
naphtha. M. e'ther, colorless inflammable gas derived 
from distillation of methylic alcohol and sulphuric 
acid; possesses anaesthetic properties. M. ethyl'ic 
e'ther, methylethyl ether ; anaesthetic. M. hy'dride, 
marsh gas. 
Methylpelletierine, meth-il-pel-te-air'een. Alkaloid 
discovered by Tanret in bark of pomegranate. 
Methylphenylketone, meth - il - phen - il - ke'tone. 
Hypnone. 
Methylpropyloxyben'zol. Thymol. 
Methylpyrocatechin, meth-il-py-ro-kat'e-kin. Guai- 
acol. 
Methylsalicylic (meth-il-sal-is-il' ik) acid. Prin- 
cipal ingredient of Wintergreen oil (oleum gaultheriae). 
Methylum, meth'il-um. Methyl. 
Methylu'r amine. Methylguanidine. 
Methyl-violet, meth-il-vi'o-let. Coal-tar color; em- 
ployed extensively for staining bacteria; also as an- 
tiseptic internally and externally in gonorrhoea, tuber- 
culosis, etc. 
Methypostrosis, meth-ip-os-tro'sis. Changing of 
bed-linen of patients. 
Methysis, meth'is-is. Intoxication, or condition 
approaching it. 
Methysmus, meth-iz'mus (methe, intoxication). 
Methysis. 
Methysticin, meth-is'te-sin. Crystalline principle 
in Piper methysticum. 
Methysticus, meth-is'te-kus. Causing or pertain- 
ing to drunkenness. 
Methystophyllum glaucum, meth-is-to-fil-lum 
glau'kum (methustikos, intoxicating, phullon, a leaf). 
South African plant, ord. Amyridaceae. Infusion 
of leaves is pleasant to the taste, and is used in bron- 
chitis, asthma, and other thoracic diseases. 
Me'tis. See Mulatto. 
Metoarion, me t-o-ah're-on (meta, oarion). Corpus 
luteum. 
Metodontiasis,' met-o-don-te'as-is (meta, odontiasis, 
dentition). Second dentition. Faulty development 
of the teeth. 
Metcecesis, met-e-sa'sis. Displacement. 
Metoecism, met-e'sizm. Hetercecism. 
Metopages, met-op'aj-ees (metopon, front, pegnumi, 
to fix). Monstrosity in which twins are united by 
the head. 
Metopantra, met-o-pan'trah (metopon, antron, a 
cave). Frontal sinuses. 
Metopantralgia, met-o-pau-tral'je-ah (metopantra, 
algos, pain). Pain in the frontal sinuses. 
Metopantritis, met-o-pan-tre'tis. Inflammation of 
the frontal sinuses. 
Metopantron (met-o-pant'ron) or Metopant'rum 
(metopon, forehead, antron, cavern). Frontal sinuses. 
Metopic, me-top'ik (meta, between, ops, eye). Of or 
relating to the forehead. M. an'tero-poste'rior 
diam'eter, diameter from metopion to occipital point. 
M. su'ture, frontal suture. 
Metopion, met-o'pe-on. Bubon galbanum. 
Meto'pium or Meto'pion (metopios, pertaining to 
the forehead). Glabella; mesephryon. 
Metopodyn'ia (metopon, odune, pain). Frontal neur- 
algia. 
Metopon, met-o'pon (meta, ops, eye). Front; frontal 
bone. 
Metopopagia, met-o-po-paj'e-ah (metopon, forehead, 
696 
M ETRIA 
pagios, fixed). Monstrosity in which union of the 
foreheads of two foetuses and one cranial cavity ex- 
ists; the bodies are separate, and each individual is 
provided with an umbilical cord. 
Metoposcopy, met-o-pos'ko-pe (metopon, skopeo, to 
view). Art of knowing the temperament and cha- 
racter of a person by inspecting the traits of his fore- 
head or face. See Physiognomy. 
Metopum, met-o'pum. Metopon. 
Metra, met'rah. Uterus. 
Metracinesis, met-rah-sin-a'sis (metra, a, privative, 
fcineo, to move). Feebleness of labor-pains. 
Metrae, met're (pl. of Metra, womb). Secundines. 
Metrsemia, met-re'me-ah (metra, uterus, haima, 
blood). Congested condition of the uterus. 
Metraamorrhagia, met-re-mor-rhah'je-ah (metra, 
heemorrhagia). Metrorrhagia. 
Metrsemorrhoides, met-re-mor-ro-e'dees (metra, 
haemorrhoid es, hemorrhoids). Hemorrhoids or varicose 
veins at the orifice of the uterus. 
Metralgia, met-ral'je-ah (metra, algos, pain). Me- 
trodynia, Uteralgia. Pain in the uterus. See Hyster- 
algia. 
Metralgic, met-ral'jik. Eelating to metralgia. 
Metransemia, met-ran-e'me-ah (metra, anaemia). 
Anaemic condition of the uterus. 
Metranastrophe, met-ran-as'tro-fe (metra, anastro- 
phe, inversion). Uterus, inversion of the. 
Metraneurysm, met-ran'u-rizm (metra, aneurusmos, 
dilatation). Morbid dilatation of the uterus. 
Metrasia, met-rah'ze-ah (metra, uterus, atresia). 
Imperforation of os uteri. 
Metratome, met'rah-tome. Hysterotome. 
Metratonia, met-rah-ton'e-ah (metra, womb, atonia, 
atony). Atony of the uterus. 
Metratresia, met-ra-tre'se-ah (metra, atresia, imper- 
foration). Imperforation of the uterus. Unnatural 
closure of the uterus. 
Metratrophia, met-rah-trof'e-ah (metra, a, privative, 
trophe, nourishment). Atrophy or want of develop- 
ment of the uterus. 
Metrauxe, met-rawks'e (metra, auxe, increase). Hy- 
pertrophy of the uterus. 
Metre. French measure, equal to about 39| inches. 
M. lens, dioptre. 
Metrecoscopy, met-rek-os'ko-pe. Auscultation 
and mensuration combined. 
Metrectaneus, met-rek-tan'e-us (metra, uterus, ek- 
tanuo, to stretch). Uterine speculum. 
Metrectasia, met-rek-taz'e-ah (metra, ektasis, dilata- 
tion). Dilatation of the womb. 
Metrectomy, met-rek'to-me (metra, ektome, excision). 
Excision of the uterus. 
Metrectopy, met-rek'to-pe (metra, womb, ektropos, 
displaced). Displacement of the womb. 
Metrelcosis, met-rel-ko'sis (metra, helkos, ulcer). 
Metrhelcosis. Ulceration of the uterus. 
Metremphraxis, met-rem-fraks'is (metra, emphrasso, 
to obstruct). Obstruction of the womb or of the ves- 
sels of the womb-Infarctus uteri. Name under 
which some authors have confounded chronic inflam- 
mation of that viscus and the different degenerations 
to which it is exposed. 
Metremphysema, met-rem-fe-za'mah. See Physo- 
metra. 
Metrenchyta, met-ren'ke-tah (metra, enchuo, to in- 
ject). Metrenchytes. Injection of the uterus. Also 
uterine syringe, Substances injected into the uterus 
are called Metrenchyta. 
Metrepidemia, met-rep-e-dem'e-ah. Tendency to 
disease of an epidemic character in the female organs 
of generation. 
Metreurysma, met-ru-riz'mah (metra, eurusma, dila- 
tation). Morbid dilatation of the womb. 
Metrhaemorrhoids, met-re'mor-roids. Hemorrhoidal 
tumors of the uterus. 
Metrhelcosis, met-rel-ko'sis. Ulceration of the 
uterus. 
Metrhymenitis, met-rhym-en-e'tis (metra, humen, 
membrane). See Metritis. 
Metria, met're-ah (metra, uterus). Puerperal fever. METRIC 
Metric, met'rik. Having the metre as unit of 
measurement. M. sys'tem, decimal system of weights 
and measures, used in various parts of the world on 
account of its exactness. M. weights, see Weights and 
measures, metric. 
Metrine, met'reen {metra, uterus). Term proposed 
by Dr. Wm. Farr for the specific myotic principle by 
which puerperal fever-metria-is propagated. 
Metriopathia, met-re-o-path-e'ah {metrios, tempered, 
pathos, affection). State of an individual whose pas- 
sions are temperate. 
Metritis, met-re'tis. Inflammation of the uterus or 
womb. Characteristic symptoms of this affection are 
pain, swelling, and tenderness in the hypogastric re- 
gion, with heat, pain, and tenderness of the os uteri, 
vomiting, smallness and frequency of pulse. It occurs 
most frequently after delivery, hence called Locho- 
metritis, when there is generally suppression of the 
lochial discharge. Acute inflammation of the womb, 
seated in its internal membrane, Endometritis, Met- 
rhymenitis, Enmetritis, has been called Inflammatio 
catarrhalis uteri or Acute catarrh of that viscus. It 
is known by the discharge of a clear, stringy fluid 
per vaginam; preceded by pains, which, from the 
hypogastric region, shoot to the thighs, groins, etc., 
with more or less fever. It requires energetic and 
prompt treatment. Chronic metritis sometimes suc- 
ceeds the acute; to it must be referred the indura- 
tions observed in the uterus, and many of the leucor- 
rhoeal discharges to which females are subj ect. Chronic 
endometritis intensified at the menstrual period has 
received the name of Menstrual metritis. Inflamma- 
tion of the substance or parenchyma of the uterus is 
called Parenchymatous metritis, Idiometritis. M., cer'- 
vical parenchym'atous, parenchymatous metritis of 
the cervix uteri. M., corpo'real parenchym'atous, 
parenchymatous metritis of the body of the uterus. 
M., exanthem'atous, metritis observed to exist dur- 
ing an attack of one of the exanthematous fevers. 
M., gan'grenous, gangrene of a puerperal character 
involving the uterus. M. gravida'rum, metritis in 
pregnant women. M., hemorrha'gic, metritis in 
which a disposition to hemorrhage exists. M., idio- 
path'ic puer'peral, metritis often caused by exten- 
sive laceration of the cervix uteri. M., men'strual, 
see Metritis. M., mu'cous, endometritis. M., paren- 
chym'atous, see Metritis. M., phleg'monous, puer- 
peral metritis in which the parietes of the uterus 
are cedematous. M., puer'peral, metritis occurring 
after birth of a child or co-existing with puerperal 
fever. M. puerpera'rum, term including puerperal 
diseases in general. M. rheumat'ica, rheumatic in- 
flammation of the uterus. M. sep'tica, putrescency 
or gangrene of the uterus. M. veno'sa, see Phlebitis. 
Metro-arctia, met-ro-ark'te-ah. Coarctation of the 
uterus. 
Metroblennorrhoea, met-ro-blen-nor-rhe'ah. Uter- 
ine leucorrhoea. 
Metroblennozemia, met-ro-blen-no-za'me-ah {metra, 
blenna, mucus, zemia, loss). Leucorrhoea uteri. 
Metrobotrytes, met-ro-bo-tre'tees {metra, botrus, 
cluster of grapes). Cauliflower excrescence of the 
uterus. 
Metrocace, met-rok'as-e {metra, kakos, evil). Pu- 
trescency or gangrene of the uterus. 
Metrocampsis, met-ro-kamp'sis {metra, kampsis, 
bending). Oblique position of the uterus. 
Metrocarcinoma, met-ro-kar-sin-o'mah {metra, Icar- 
Jcinoma, cancer). Cancer of uterus. 
Metrocatarrhus, met-ro-kat-ar'rhus {metra, katar- 
rhus, catarrh). Leucorrhoea uteri. M. benig'nus, uter- 
ine leucorrhoea. M. malig'nus, uterine gonorrhoea. 
Metrocele, met-ro-se'le (Eng. met'ro-seel) {metra, 
■kele, rupture). Hysterocele. 
Metrocelides, met-ro-sel'id-ees (pl. of Metrocelis) 
{meter, mother, kelis, mark). Naevus. 
Metrocholosis, met-ro-kol-o'sis {metra, chole, bile). 
Bilious puerperal fever. 
Metroclyst, met'ro-klyst {metra, uterus, kluzo, to 
wash out). Instrument for making injections into 
cavity of uterus. 
697 
METROPHYSETERION 
Metrocolpocele, met-ro-kol-po-se'le (Eng. met-ro- 
kol'po-seel {kolpos, vagina, kele, hernia). Prolapse of 
uterus into vagina. 
Metrodynamometer, met-ro-di-nam-om'et-ur. Hys- 
terodynamometer. 
Metrodynia, met-ro-din'e-ah {metra, odune, pain). 
Pain in the uterus; metralgia. 
Metrodystocia, met-ro-dis-to'se-ah {metra, dys, with 
difficulty, tokos, childbirth). Difficult delivery, caused 
by unfavorable condition of uterus. 
Metroectasia, met-ro-ek-taz'e-ah. Metraneurism. 
Metro-epidemia, met-ro-ep-e-dem'e-ah. Metrepi- 
demia. 
Metrohsemia, met-ro-he'me-ah {metra, haima, blood). 
Hypersemia or congestion of blood in the uterus. 
Metrohemorrhage, met-ro-hem'or-rhaj. Metrorrha- 
gia. 
Metroleucorrhoea, met-ro-lu-kor-rhe'ah. Uterine 
leucorrhoea. 
Metrology, me-trol'o-je {metron, measure, logos, 
treatise). Science treating of weights and measures. 
M., u'terine, science relating to measurements of 
dimension and capacity of the uterus. 
Metroloxia, met-ro-lok'se-ah {metra, loxos, oblique). 
Oblique position of the uterus. 
Metrolymphangitis, met-ro-limf-an-je'tis {metra, 
uterus, lymphangitis). Lymphangitis of the uterus. 
Metromalacoma (met-ro-mal-ah-ko'mah) or Metro- 
malacosis, met-ro-mal-ah-ko'sis {metra, malakos, soft). 
Softness or softening of the uterus. 
Metromania, met-ro-man'e-ah. Nymphomania. 
Metrometer, met-rom'e-tur (metra, womb, metron, 
measure). Instrument designed for measuring the 
uterus. 
Metrometry, met-rom'et-re. Measurement of the 
uterus. 
Metromyzeus, met-ro-miz'e-us (metra, muzo, to 
suck). Exhausting-syringe, applied to the os uteri 
for exhausting the womb in amenorrhcea. 
Metronanodes, met-ron-an-o'dees {metra, nanodes, 
dwarf-like). Possessing an exceedingly small uterus. 
Metroncus, met-ron'kus {metra, onkos, tumor). Tu- 
mor of the uterus. 
Metroneuria, met-ro-nu're-ah {metra, womb, neuron, 
nerve). Nervous affection of the womb. 
Metroneurosis, met-ro-nu-ro'sis {metra, womb, neu- 
ron, nerve). Neurosis arising from uterine affec- 
tion. 
Metronome, met'ro-nome {metron, measure, nomos, 
law). Instrument provided with a clock-work for 
measuring time in music; also employed to test 
hearing-power. 
Metroparalysis, met-ro-par-al'is-is {metro, paralusis, 
paralysis). Paralysis of the uterus. 
Metropath'ic {metra, pathos, affection). Relating to 
uterine affections. 
Metropathy, met-rop'ath-e {metra, pathos, affection). 
Affection of the womb. 
Metroperissia, met-ro-per-is-se'ah. Hypertrophy 
of the uterus. 
Metroperitonitis, met-ro-per-e-to-ne'tis {metra, peri- 
tonitis). Inflammation of the uterus and peritoneum. 
Puerperal fever. See Peritonitis. 
Metrophlebitis, met-ro-fle-be'tis {metra,phleps,vein). 
Inflammation of the veins of the uterus. See Phle- 
bitis. M. puerpera'lis, see Phlebitis and Puerperal 
fever. 
Metrophlegmymen, met-ro-fleg-me'men {metra, 
phlegma, mucus, hymen, membrane). Mucous mem- 
brane of uterus. 
Metrophlegmymenitis, met-ro-fleg-me-men-e'tis. 
Inflammation of the lining membrane of the uterus; 
endometritis. 
Metrophlogosis, met-ro-flo-go'sis {metra, phlogosis, 
inflammation). Inflammation of the uterus. 
Metrophore, met'ro-for. A form of uterine pessary. 
Metrophthisis, me-tro-te'sis {metra, phthio, to con- 
sume). Consumption from ulceration of the uterus. 
Metrophyma, met-ro-fe'mah {metra, phuma, swell- 
ing). Tumor of the uterus. 
Metrophyseterion, met-ro-fis-et-a' re-on {metra, phu- METROPLETHORA 
sao, to inflate). Instrument for applying gasiform 
agents to the uterus. 
Metroplethora, met-ro-pleth-o'rah (meira, plethora, 
fulness). Congestion or hyperaemia of the uterus. 
Metropolypus, met-ro-pol'ip-us (metra, polypus). 
Polypus of the uterus. 
Metroproptosis (met-ro-prop-to'sis) or Metroptosis, 
met-rop-to'sis (metra, pro, ptosis, falling). Prolapsus 
uteri. 
Metropyophthisis, met-ro-pe-o-te'sis (metra, womb, 
puon, pus, phthisis, consumption). Purulent wasting 
away of the uterus. 
Metrorrhagia, met-ror-rhaj'e-ah (metra, rhegnumi, to 
break forth). Uterine hemorrhage, Hemorrhage from, 
the womb, Flooding, Metrohemorrhage. Effusion of blood 
from the inner surface of the uterus, either at the 
menstrual or other period, but in a greater quantity 
than proper. Uterine hemorrhage may be caused by 
those influences which produce hemorrhage in gen- 
eral. It happens, however, more frequently during 
pregnancy and during or after delivery, when the 
vascular system of the uterus is so circumstanced as 
to favor its occurrence more than at other times. 
The termination of metrorrhagia is usually favorable. 
Should it, however, be very copious or frequently re- 
cur, or should it happen to a great extent after deliv- 
ery, death may take place very speedily-and, in 
some cases, without the discharge being perceptible- 
constituting internal hemorrhage. 
Uterine hemorrhage may be active or passive, re- 
quiring obviously a different treatment. The main 
management is similar to that of hemorrhage in gen- 
eral : the horizontal posture; acid drinks; free ad- 
mission of cool air; cold applications to the loins, 
thighs, and abdomen; injection of cold water, even 
of iced water, into the vagina; plugging the vagina, 
so as to prevent the discharge per vaginam, and thus 
induce a coagulum in the mouths of the bleeding 
vessels. Such will be the special plan adopted where 
the hemorrhage has occurred in one not recently de- 
livered. In uterine hemorrhage after delivery the 
same cooling plan must be followed; but as the flow 
of blood is owing to the uterus not contracting so as 
to constringe its vessels, pressure must be made on 
the abdomen to aid this ; and, if necessary, the hand 
introduced into the uterus to stimulate it to contrac- 
tion. Ergot may also be administered. Should the 
female be excessively reduced, excitants may be ex- 
hibited. The profuse exhibition of opium is, at least, 
a doubtful plan. Transfusion has been practised as a 
last resource. M., exter'nal, metrorrhagia, in which 
blood escapes per vaginam. M. grav'idae inter'na, 
metrorrhagia in which blood flows into the gravid 
uterus, due to the placenta being partly detached. M. 
gravida'rum, metrorrhagia occurring in pregnant 
women. 
Metrorrheuma, met-ror-rhu'mah (metra, rheuma, de- 
fluxion, rheumatism). Rheumatism of the uterus. 
Metrorrhexis, met-ror-rheks'is (metra, rhexis, rup- 
ture). Rupture of the uterus. 
Metrorrhoea, met-ror-rhe'ah (metra, rheo, to flow). 
Protracted discharge of fluid from the uterus. 
Metrorrhoides, met-ror-rho-e'dees (metra, uterus, 
rhoe, stream). Hemorrhoids, uterine. 
Metrosalpingitis, met-ro-sal-pin-je'tis (metrosalpinx, 
Fallopian tube). Inflammation of the Fallopian tube. 
Metrosalpingorrhagia,met-ro-sal-pin-gor-rhaj'e-ah. 
Hemorrhage from the Fallopian tubes. 
Metrosalpingorrhexis, met-ro-sal-pin-gor-rheks'is 
(metrosalpinx, rhexis, rupture). Rupture of a Fallo- 
pian tube. 
Metrosalpinx, met-ro-sal'pinks (metra, salpinx, a 
tube). Fallopian tube. 
Metroscirrhus, met-ro-skir'rhus (metra, skirrhos, 
scirrhus). Scirrhus of the uterus. 
Metroscolioma (met-ro-sko-le-o'mah) or Metrosco- 
lio'sis (metra, skolios, oblique). Oblique position of 
the uterus. 
Metroscope, met'ro-scope (metra, skopeo, to view). 
Instrument for listening to the sounds of the heart 
of the foetus in utero-gestation when they are imper- 
698 
MEZEREIN 
ceptible through the parietes of the abdomen. The 
extremity of the instrument is introduced into the 
vagina and applied against the neck of the uterus. 
Metroscopy, met-ros'ko-pe (metra, womb, skopeo, to 
examine). Process of making an ocular examination 
of the womb. 
Metroside'ros torment'osa. Christmas tree; native 
New Zealand plant, bark of which is rich in tannin 
and valuable in dysentery. M. ve'ra, true iron tree 
of the Moluccas, bark of which is used in diarrhoea. 
Metro sphongioma, met-ro-sfon-je-o'mah (metra, 
womb, sphongia, sponge). Fungous tumor of the 
womb. 
Metrostaxis, met-ro-staks'is (metra, stax, a drop). 
Uterine epistaxis. Hemorrhage occurring a few days 
after ovariotomy, before menstruation could possibly 
be re-established. 
Metrostenosis, met-ro-sten-o'sis (metra, womb, steno- 
sis, narrowing). Contracted condition of cavity of 
uterus. 
Metrosteresis, met-ro-ster-a'sis (metra, steresis, pri- 
vation). Extirpation or absence of uterus. 
Metrosynizesis, met-ro-sin-e-za'sis (metra, sunizesis, 
running together). Morbid union of the uterus to 
adjacent parts. 
Metrotome, met'ro-tome (metra, womb, tome, in- 
cision). Instrument for incision or division of the 
uterus. 
Metrotomy, met-rot'o-me (metra, tome, section). Cae- 
sarean section. 
Metrotuberculum (met-ro-tu-bur'ku-lum) or Met- 
rotylo'ma. Outgrowth of the womb of a nodular and 
fungous character. 
Metro-urethrotome, met-ro-u-re'thro-tome (metron, 
urethra, tome, incision). Instrument for dividing 
stricture. 
Metroxylon, met-rok'se-lon (metra, pith of tree, 
xulon, wood). Genus of palms; sago is obtained from 
them. 
Metrydrorrhoea, met-rid-ror-rhe'ah (metra, womb, 
hudrorrhoia, watery flow). Watery discharge from 
the uterus. 
Metrymenitis, met-rim-en-e'tis (metra, womb, hit- 
men, membrane). Endometritis. 
Metrypersemia, met-rip-er-e'me-ah (metra, hyperee- 
mia). Plethora or hyperaemia of the uterus. 
Metrypersesthesls, met-rip-er-ees-the'sis (metra, hy- 
per eesthesis). See Uterus, irritable. 
Metrypercinesis, met-rip-er-sin-a'sis (metra, hyper, 
excess, kinesis, motion). Excessive activity of labor- 
pains. 
Metryperpathia, met-rip-ur-path-e'ah (metra, hyper, 
pathos). Uterine disease of a severe type. 
Metrypertrophia, met-rip-er-tro'fe-ah. Hypertro- 
phied condition of the womb. 
Meu. JEthusa meum. 
Me'um (meion, small, in allusion to the leaves). 
/Ethusa meum. M. anethifo'lium, JEthusa meum. 
M. athaman'ticum, JEthusa meum. M. foenic'ulum, 
Fceniculum vulgare. 
Mevium, mev'e-um. Syphilis. 
Mew. Meum athamanticum. 
Mexcal, meks'kal. See Mezcal. 
Mexican, mek'se-kan. Pertaining to Mexico. M. 
el'emi, product said to be obtained from Amyris 
elemifera. M. goose'foot, Chenopodium ambrosioides. 
M. snake'root, Asclepiodora decumbens; employed 
against snake-bite. M. tea, herb of Chenopodium 
ambrosioides; tonic and stomachic. 
Mey'nert's claus'tral formation. Stratum of cells 
situate in the lamina corticalis of brain. M.'s fas- 
cic'ulus, band of white fibres passing from ganglion 
habenulae to G. interpedunculare. M.'s foun'tain 
decussa'tion, formed by crossing of fibres under the 
posterior longitudinal fasciculus. 
Mezcal, mez-kal'. Strong, intoxicating liquor, dis- 
tilled from pulque, the fermented juice of Agave 
Americana. 
Mez'ea. Genital organs. 
Mezerein, mez-e're-in. Active principle of Daphne 
mezereum. MEZEREON 
Mezereon (me-ze're-on) or Mezereum, me-ze're-um. 
Daphne mezereum. M. aeeta'tum, see Daphne meze- 
reum. 
Meziza. Religious practice among the Jews, con- 
sisting in the rabbi sucking the wound after circum- 
cision. 
Mez'quite gum. Mesquite gum. 
Miamma (me-am'mah), Miansis (me-an'sis), Miaria 
(me-ah're-ah), Mi'asm. Miasma. M., liv'ing, micro- 
organism capable of producing disease. M., shaped, 
miasm, living. M., tellu'ric or terres'trial, miasma 
from terrestrial emanations. 
Miasma, me-az'mah (miasma, stain or contaminate). 
The word miasm has, by some, been employed synon- 
ymously with contagion. It is now used more defi- 
nitely for any emanation, either from the bodies of 
the sick, or from animal and vegetable substances, or 
from the earth, especially in marshy districts (Marsh 
poison), which may exert a morbid influence on those 
who are exposed to its action. To these terrestrial 
emanations-Koinomiasmata (koinos, common)-the 
Italians give the name aria cattiva and intemperie, but, 
more commonly, malaria (bad air). Effluvia from 
decomposition of matter derived from the human 
body were called Idiomiasmata (idios, personal). The 
precise action of microorganisms in the production 
of malaria has not yet been determined. See Bacillus 
malarise. 
Miasmatic, me-az-mat'ik. Belonging or relating to 
miasmata. Fever arising from marshy miasms is 
styled malarious, paludal, etc., and includes intermit- 
tent and remittent fevers. 
Miasmocontagious, me-az'mo-kon-taj'yus. Propa- 
gated either by miasmatic or contagious influences or 
a combination of both. 
Miasmus, me-az'mus. Miasma. M., contag'ious, 
see Miasmocontagious. 
Micse (me'ke) pa'nis (crumbs of bread). See Triti- 
cum. 
Micatio, me-ka'she-o (mico, to move quickly). Rapid 
winking. M. cor'dis, systole. 
Michelia (mik-el'e-ah) cham'paca (after P. A. Mi- 
cheli, a Floretine botanist). Champaca, Michelia Tsjam- 
paca. Ord. Magnoliacese. Oriental tree, much prized 
for the odor and beauty of its flowers. The oily in- 
fusion of the flowers is employed in the Moluccas in 
headache. M. kisopa, tree, native of the Himalayas, 
has same properties as Michelia champaca. M. mon- 
ta'na, tree, native of India, has same properties as 
cascarilla. 
MichelTs diplococ'cus. Micrococcus occurring in 
conjunctivitis contagiosa. M.'s paste, asbestos and 
concentrated sulphuric acid, in proportion of 1:3. 
Microchemistry, mik-ro-kem'is-tre. Chemical in- 
vestigation combined with microscopic examination. 
Chemistry of minute matter. 
Micracoustic, mik-rah-koos'tik. See Microcoustic. 
Micraine'. See Migraine. 
Micrallantoid, mik-ral-lan'toid. Provided with a 
small allantois. 
Micranatomy, mik-ran-at'o-me (micro, anatomia). 
Minute anatomy; see Anatomy. 
Micrandra (mik-ran'drah). Ord. Euphorbiacese, 
native of Brazil. Inspissated juice is caoutchouc. 
Micrangia, mik-ran'je-ah (micro, angeion, a vessel). 
Capillary vessels. 
Micrencephalium, mik-ren-sef-al'e-um (micro, en- 
kephalos, encephalon). Cerebellum. 
Micrencephalon, mik-ren-sef'al-on. Cretinism. 
Micrenceph'alum. Cerebellum. 
Micrencranus, mik-ren-kran'us (mikros, small, en, 
kranion). Name given to skulls with a cerebellar 
sector of 8.5° to 15°. 
Micristology, mi-kris-tol'o-je (mikros, small, his- 
iologia, histology). Science treating of minutest 
organic fibres. 
Micro, mik'ro (small). In composition, small. 
Micro-aetiological, mi-kro-e-te-o-loj'i-kal. Relating 
to bacteria as morbific factors. 
Micro-anatomy, mik-ro-an-at'o-me. Micranatomy. 
Microscopic anatomy. 
699 
MICROCOCCI 
Microbacteria, mik-ro-bak-te're-a (mikros, small, 
bacterium). Bacteria having elliptical microscopic or 
short cylindrical cells. See Bacteria. 
Mi'crobe (micro, bios, life). Term applied to minute 
forms of life. Microorganisms, animal or vegetable. 
The term Microzoa distinguishes microscopic animal 
life from microscopic vegetable forms-Microphytes. 
See Bacillus, Bacteria, Micrococci, Spirilla, Streptococci, 
etc. 
Mi'crobes (pl. of Microbe), aero'bic. Microbes re- 
quiring oxygen for their development. See Aerobic. 
M., anaero'bic, microbes possessing the capability 
of thriving in a medium devoid of free oxygen. See 
Anaerobic. M., ni'trifying, microbes causing decom- 
position of organic matter. M., pathogenet'ic or 
pathogen'ic, microbes which have the property of 
producing disease. 
Micro'bial. Microbic. 
Micro'bian or Microbic, mi-kro'bic. Relating to 
microbes. 
Microbioheemia, mik-ro-be-o-he'me-ah (mikros, 
small, bios, life, haima, blood). Term applied to dis- 
eased conditions due to presence of micro-organisms 
in the blood. 
Microbiology, mi-kro-bi-ol'o-je (microbe, logos, dis- 
course). Science of micro-organisms. Study of the 
subject of microbes. 
Microblast, mi'kro-blast (mikros, blastos, sprout). 
Small blood-corpuscle which is in an undeveloped 
condition. 
Microblepha'ria. Microblepharon. 
Microblepharon, mik-ro-blef'ar-on (mikros, small, 
blepharon, lid). Condition in which the eyelids are 
unusually small. 
Mierobrachius, mik-ro-brak'e-us (mikros, small, 
brachion, arm). Congenital smallness of the arms. 
See Micromelus. 
Microbrachycephalia, mik-ro-brak-e-sef-al'e-ah. 
Condition in which brachycephalia and microcephalia 
coexist. 
Microcardia, mik-ro-kard'e-ah. Congenital small- 
ness of the heart. 
Microcau'lia. Condition in which a very small 
penis exists. 
Microcau'lis (mikros, small, kaulos, penis). One 
with a small penis. 
Microcephalia, mi-kro-sef-al'e-ah (micro, kephale, 
head). Abnormal smallness of the head. See Micro- 
cephalic. 
Microcephalic (mi-kro-sef-al'ik) or Microceph'alous 
(micro, kephale, head). A monster having a small 
imperfect head or a small imperfect cranium. The 
condition is called Microcephalia, Craniostenosis. With 
some it means idiotism. 
Microcephalism, mi-kro-sef'al-izm. Microcephalia. 
Microcephalon, mik-ro-sef'al-on. Abnormal small- 
ness of head. 
Microceph'alous. Microcephalic. 
Microceph'alum. Microcephalon. 
Microceph'alus. See Microcephalic. 
Microceph'aly. Microcephalia. 
Microchelia, mik-ro-ke'le-ah (mikros, small, cheilos, 
lip). Congenital small lips. 
Microchemical, mi-kro-kem'ik-al. Relating or 
appertaining to the character of a substance as viewed 
by the microscope. 
Microchem'istry. Chemical examination of very 
minute or miscroscopic objects. Investigation of 
delicate and exact chemical reactions by aid of the 
microscope. 
Microclysma, mik-ro-kliz'mah. Small clyster. 
Micrococci, mik-ro-kok'se (micro, coccus, grain). As 
already stated under Bacteria, Schizomycetes or 
fission-fungi are divisible into four groups, of which 
the Coccacese form one group, including Streptococ- 
cus, Merismopedia, Sarcina, Micrococcus, and Asco- 
coccus. The Micrococci are characterized by division 
in one direction, the cocci after division remaining 
aggregated in irregular clusters, or singly, or in pairs, 
or in chains of three or four elements. The follow- 
ing list embraces the principal micrococci now known MICROCOCCUS 
(Crookshank, from whom the information given 
under Micrococcus is chiefly derived): 
700 
» MICROCRITH 
(Cohn), round or short oval cells occurring in various 
infusions and putrefying fluids; associated with bac- 
terium termo. M. cyan'eus (Cohn), elliptical cells. 
M. fla'vus des'idens (Fliigge), streptococcus flavus 
desidens. M. fla'vus liquefa'ciens (Fliigge), cocci, 
diplococci, and zoogloea. M. fla'vus tardigra'dus 
(Fliigge), isolated from contaminated cultures. M. 
fcet'ldus (Rosenbach), small oval cocci isolated from 
carious teeth. M. ful'vus (Cohn), cocci are round 
and frequently in pairs. M. haemato'des (Zopf), 
cocci observed in human sweat, particularly from the 
axilla. M. in'dicus, bacillus indicus. M. insecto'- 
rum (Burrill), detected in the digestive organs of the 
chinch-bug. M. lac'teus favifor'mis (Bumm and 
Bockart), isolated from vaginal secretions and from 
sputa. M. lu'teus (Schroter), elliptical cocci with 
highly refractive cell-contents. M. par'vus ova'tus, 
isolated small ovoid cocci resembling coccus of rabbit 
septicaemia isolated from a pig with a fatal disease 
similar to swine erysipelas. M. pernicio'sus, Parrot 
disease, cocci described in connection with the fatal 
disease of the gray parrot, being found in the blood. 
M. prodigio'sus, Bacillus prodigiosus, Blood-rain, ap- 
pearing on bread, boiled rice, starch paste, etc. 
M. pyocyan'eus (Gessard), bacterium aeruginosum. 
M. pyog'enes al'bus (Rosenbach), obtained from a 
case of acute suppuration of the knee-joint. M. py- 
og'enes aur'eus, staphylococcus pyogenes aureus 
(Eosenbach). The coccus of acute infectious osteo- 
myelitis, occurring also in pus of boils and in the ab- 
scesses of pyaemia and puerperal fever. M. pyog'enes 
cit'reus (Passet), frequently present in pus. M. py- 
og'enes ten'uis (Rosenbach), occasionally found in 
the pus of closed abscesses. M. radia'tus (Fliigge), 
isolated from contaminated plate-cultivations. M. 
rosa'ceus, found contaminating an old cultivation. 
M. subfla'vus (Bumm), cocci resembling gonococci; 
derived from lochial discharges and vaginal secre- 
tions. M. tetrago'nus, cocci found in the sputa of 
phthisical patients and in the walls of tubercular 
cavities. M. ure'se (Cohn), isolated from stale urine. 
M. versic'olor (Fliigge), small iridescent cocci. M. 
viola'ceus (Schroter), cocci or elliptical cells observed 
in boiled potatoes exposed to the air. M. visco'sus 
(Pasteur), globular cells, considered the cause of 
mucoid fermentations in wine and beer. M. viticu- 
lo'sus (Fliigge), oval cocci, isolated from contaminated 
cultivations. 
Microcoria, mik-ro-kor'e-ah (micro, kore, pupil). 
Obliteration of the pupil by excessive contraction. 
Microcornea, mik-ro-kor'ne-ah (micro, cornea). 
Unusually small size of cornea. 
Microcosm, mi'kro-kozm (micro, kosmos, world). 
Little world. Some philosophers have given this ap- 
pellation to man, whom they consider as the epitome 
of all that is admirable in the world. The world they 
call Macrocosm (makros, great). 
Microcosmetor, mi-kro-koz-me'tor (micro, kosmetor, 
regulator). Vital principle. 
Microcosmic (mi-kro-koz'mik) salt. Salt composed 
of soda, ammonia, and phosphoric acid; originally 
obtained from human urine. 
Microcosmica (mik-ro-koz'me-kah) mach'ina. The 
organism of man. M. scien'tia, physiology. 
Microcos'micum sal. With the ancients, the salts 
of the urine-Sales urines. 
Microcosmography, mi-kro-koz-mog'raf-e (micro- 
kosmos, graphe, description). Physiology. 
Microcosmus, mik-ro-koz'mus. Microcosm. 
Microcou'lomb. Millionth part of a coulomb. See 
Coulomb. 
Microcoustic, mi-kro-koos'tik (micro, akouo, to 
hear). This word, as well as Microphonous (micros, 
small, phone, voice), means anything that contributes 
to increase the intensity of sound-as the speaking- 
trumpet-by collecting the sonorous rays. 
Microcranius, mik-ro-kran'e-us (micro, kranion, 
cranium) Microcephalus. 
Microcrith, mi'kro-krith (micro, krithe, barley). 
Unit of molecular weight, denoting weight of half 
a molecule of hydrogen. 
Micrococci Associated with Disease. 
Micrococcus pyogenes au- 
reus. 
Micrococcus pyogenes albus. 
Micrococcus pyogenes cit- 
reus. 
Micrococcus cereus albus. 
Micrococcus cereus flavus. 
Micrococcus in scarlatina. 
Micrococcus in measles. 
Micrococcus in whooping- 
cough. 
Micrococcus in haemophilia, 
neonatorum. 
Micrococcus in typhus. 
Micrococcus in acute yellow 
atrophy. 
Micrococcus in dental ca- 
ries. 
Micrococcus in gangrene. 
Micrococcus pyogenes ten- 
uis. 
Micrococcus in rabies in 
animals. 
Pyogenic in 
man (?). 
Pathogenic in 
animals. 
Non-pathogen- 
ic. 
In man . 
Possibly only 
saprophytic. 
Pathogenic (?). 
Micrococcus of septicaemia 
in rabbits. 
Micrococcus of pyaemia in 
rabbits. 
Micrococcus of progressive 
suppuration in rabbits. 
Micrococcus parvus ovatus. 
Micrococcus of pyaemia in 
mice. 
Micrococcus perniciosus. 
Micrococcus bombycis. 
Micrococcus insectorum. 
Pathogenic. 
In animals 
In plants . . Micrococcus amylivorus. Pathogenic (?). 
Pathogenic (?). 
Micrococci Unassociated with Disease. 
Micrococcus cyaneus. 
Micrococcus aurantiacus. 
Micrococcus chlorinus. 
Micrococcus violaceus. 
Micrococcus luteus. 
Micrococcus rosaceus. 
Chromogenic sapro- 
phytes. 
Micrococcus haematodes. 
Micrococcus candidus. 
Microoeccus candicans. 
Micrococcus foetidus. 
Micrococcus crepusculum. 
Micrococcus cinnabareus. 
Micrococcus flavus liquefaciens. 
Micrococcus flavus tardigradus. 
Micrococcus versicolor. 
Micrococcus viticulosus. 
Micrococcus lacteus faviformis. 
Micrococcus fulvus. 
Micrococcus viscosus. 
Micrococcus coronatus. 
Micrococcus radiatus. 
Micrococcus flavus desidens. 
Simple saprophytes. 
Several additional micrococci are included under 
merismopedia, embracing plate-cocci, in which di- 
vision occurs in two directions, forming lamellae or 
plates. See Merismopedia and Micrococcus. 
Micrococcus, mik-ro-kok'kus. See Micrococci. M. 
al'bicans ampins (Bumm), the cocci resemble the 
gonococci, but are larger; found in the secretions of 
the vagina. M. amyliv'orus (Burrill), oval cells, 
cause of fire-blight of the pear tree, etc. M. auran- 
ti'acus (Schroter), oval cocci. M. bom'bycis (Be- 
champ), oval cocci occurring in contents of the ali- 
mentary canal, and in gastric juice of silkworms 
affected with flacherie. M. can'dicans (Fliigge), 
cocci in masses, obtained from contaminated plate- 
cultivations. M. can'didus, probably identical with 
M. candicans. M. ce'reus al'bus (Passet), staphylo- 
coccus cereus albus. M. ce'reus fla'vus (Passet), 
staphylococcus cereus flavus. M. chlori'nus (Cohn), 
granular zooglcea. M. chol'erse gallina'rum (Zopf), 
bacterium of fowl-cholera, bacillus cholerse gallina- 
rum. M. clnnabar'eus (Fliigge), large cocci found 
contaminating old cultivations. M. cit'reus con- 
glomera'tus (Bumm), the cocci resemble gonococci, 
and have been isolated from blennorrhceic pus and 
from ordinary atmospheric dust. M. corona'tus 
(Fliigge), isolated from the air. M. crepus'culum MICROCYST 
Microcyst, mi'kro-sist (micro, kustis, bladder). 
Small cyst. 
Microcyte, mi'kro-site (micro, kutos, cavity). Small 
cell or corpuscle, often present in large numbers in 
pernicious anaemia. 
Microcythsemia (mikros, small, kutos, cavity, haima, 
blood). State of blood in which microcytes-red 
corpuscles diminished in size-are numerous; abnor- 
mal diminution in size of blood-corpuscles, from dis- 
ease or toxic agency. 
Microcytosis, mik-ro-se-to'sis. Microcythemia. 
Microdacty'lia (micro, daktulos, finger). Smallness 
of fingers. 
Microdont, mik'ro-dont. Having short or small 
teeth. 
Microfarad, mik-ro-far'ad (mikros, small, farad). 
Practical unit of electrical capacity, equal to one- 
millionth of a farad. 
Microgaster platypus, mik-ro-gas'ter plat'e-pus 
(mikros, small, gaster, stomach). Demodes follicu- 
lorum. 
Microgenesis, mik-ro-jen'is-is. Term applied to a 
part when in an undeveloped condition. 
Microgenia, mik-ro-jen'e-ah (micro, geneion, chin). 
Very small chin. 
Microgerm, mi'kro-jurm. Microbe. 
Microglossia, mik - ro - gios' se - ah (micro, glossa, 
tongue). Original smallness of tongue. 
Micrognathia, mik-ro-nath'e-ah (micro, gnathos, 
jaw). Unusualjsmall size of jaws. 
Microgramme, mi'kro-gram. Millionth part of a 
gramme. 
Micrography, mi-krog'raf-e (micro, graphe, descrip- 
tion). Description of objects with the aid of the 
microscope. See Photomicrography. 
Microgyria, mik-ro-je're-ah (micro, guros). Con- 
dition of brain in which the gyri are unusually small. 
Microhistol'ogy. Histology. 
Microhm, mi'krohm. Electrical resistance equal to 
the millionth part of an ohm. 
Microkinesis, mik-ro-kin-a'sis (micro, kinesis, mo- 
tion). Persistent involuntary muscular movements 
in very young children. 
Microlentia, mik-ro-len'she-ah. Unusually small 
crystalline lens. 
Microleuconymphaea, mik - ro - lu - ko - nim - fe' ah 
(micro, leukos, white, nympheea). Nymphtea alba. 
Microlitre, mi'kro-le-t'r. Millionth part of a litre. 
Micrology, mi-krol'o-je (micro, logos, description). 
See Microscopy. 
Microma'nia (micro, mania). Condition observed 
in the insane, in which the person affected imagines 
that some part of his body is becoming smaller. 
Micromazia, mik-ro-mah'ze-ah. Unusual smallness 
of mammae. 
Microme'lia (micro, melos, limb). Congenital im- 
perfect development of extremities. M. chondromal- 
a'cia, congenital rachitis. M. unilatera'lis, micro- 
melia confined to only one side of the body. 
Micromelus, mik-rom'el-us (micro, melos, a limb). 
Hemimeles. Monster having imperfectly developed 
extremities; the limbs are normal in shape, but ab- 
normally small. If confined to the upper extremity, 
it is called Microhr achius; if to the legs, Micropus. 
Micromeria (mik-ro-mer'e-ah) Douglas'sii. Plant, 
genus of Labiate. Yerba buena, possessing medicinal 
properties. 
Micrometer, mi-krom'e-tur (micro, small, metron, 
measure). Instrument for microscopic measurements. 
Micrometry, mi-krom'et-re. Measurement of very 
small bodies with the aid of the micrometer. 
MicromilTimetre. Thousandth part of a milli- 
metre or a millionth part of a meter; used in micro- 
scopic measurements. 
Micrommatus, mik-rom'mat-us (micro, omma, eye). 
Microphthalmus. 
Micromycetes, mik-rom-e'set-eez (micro, makes, 
mushroom). Minute fungi. 
Micromyelia, mik-ro-me-el'e-ah (micro, muelos, mar- 
row). Condition characterized by unusual smallness 
of the spinal cord, existing in microcephalia. 
701 
MICROSCOPY 
Micron, mik'ron. Millionth part of a meter, de- 
noted by Greek letter /*• 
Micro-or'ganisms. Minute organized matters or 
bodies; term used to designate entire order of micro- 
scopic life as studied in its relation to disease. See 
Bacteria, Bacillus, Coccus, etc. 
Micropanencephalus, mik - ro - pan - en - sef' al - us 
(micro, pan, entire, enkephalos, brain). Term given by 
Lissauer to skulls in which angle between line from 
hormion to nasion and basion is from 138° to 163°. 
Microphages, mik-rof'aj-ees (micro, phago, to eat). 
Name given to wandering cells in lymphatic tissue 
of alimentary canal; the micro-organisms are sup- 
posed to be consumed by them. See Phagocyte. 
Microphagous, mi-krof'ag-us (same etymon). Pha- 
gocyte. 
Microphone, mi'kro-fone (micro, small, phone, 
sound). Instrument for augmenting sound. 
Microphonia, mik-ro-fo'ne-ah (micro, phone, voice). 
Condition in which the voice is weak. 
Microphonous, mi-krof'o-nus (micro, phone, voice). 
See Mier acoustic. 
Microphotograph, mi-kro-fo'to-graf. Photographic 
object so minute as to be only discernible with a 
microscope. 
Microphotography, mi-kro-fo-tog'raf-e. Production 
of photographs upon a minute scale. 
Microphthalmia, mik-rof-thal'me-ah. Condition 
in which the eye is unusually small or imperfectly 
developed. 
Microphthal'mos or Microphthalmus, mik-rof- 
thal'mus (micro, ophthalmos, eye). One who has 
small eyes. Monster with two small or imperfectly 
developed eyes. 
Microphytes, mi'kro-fites (micro, phuton, vegetable). 
Microscopic spores of plants-microspores-sometimes 
detected in marshy atmospheres. 
Micropia, mik-ro'pe-ah (micro, ops, eye). Condition 
usually dependent on retinitis or choroido-retinitis, 
in which objects appear smaller' to the patient than 
they really are. 
Microplasia, mik-ro-plah'ze-ah (micro, psuche, soul). 
Weak mental condition. 
Micropodia, mik-ro-pod'e-ah. Micropus. 
Microprosopus, mik-ro-pro-so'pus (micro, prosopon, 
face). Monster in which a part of the face is absent. 
Micropsia, mik-rop'se-ah. Micropia. 
Micropsy. Mycropia. M., hysterical, delusion 
in hysterical subjects that distant objects are unnat- 
urally small. 
Micropus (mik'ro-pus) or Microp'odous (micro, 
pous, foot). One who has small feet. Condition is 
called Micropodia. See micromelus. 
Micro'py. Micropia. 
Micropyle, mi'kro-pile (micro, pule, gate). Micropyla. 
Opening in the episperm of seeds, through which the 
fecundating pollen enters the ovule to fecundate it; 
it has been supposed that such a micropyle exists in 
the human ovule. 
Microrchides, mik-ror'kid-ees (pl. of Microrchis) 
(micro, orchis, testicle). They who have very small 
testicles. 
Microrrheometer, mi-kror-rhe-om'et-ur (micro, rheo, 
to flow, metron, measure). Instrument employed for 
the purpose of estimating and observing liquids in 
their passage through tubes of a small diameter. 
Microscelous, mi-kros'sel-us (micro, skelos, leg). 
Short-legged. 
Mi'croscope (mikros, skopeo, to see). Optical in- 
strument for examining minute objects which are 
not visible to the naked eye. 
Microscopic, mi-kro-skop'ik. Eelating to micros- 
copy. An eye capable of distinguishing very minute 
objects is sometimes called a microscopic eye. 
Microscopist, mi-kros'kop-ist. One who is expert 
with the microscope or accustomed to its practical use. 
Microscopy, mi-kros'ko-pe (micro, skopeo, to view). 
Observation by the microscope; an important agency 
in the examination of the healthy and morbid tissues. 
The description of the results of such observation is 
called Micrography. Micrology is often used with the MIC ROSE IVIE 
same signification, and for a treatise on the microscope 
and the results of microscopy. 
Microseme, mi'kro-seem (mikro, small, sema, mark). 
Having an orbital index below 84°. 
Microsoma, mik-ro-so'mah (micro, small, soma, body). 
Little corpuscle; minute granules which are present 
in the protoplasm. 
Microsomatia, mik-ro-so-mat'e-ah (micro, soma, 
body). State in which the entire body, with all its 
parts, is smaller than common. 
Microsomia, mik-ro-so'me-ah (micro, soma, body). 
Microsomatia. 
Microspectroscope, mi-kro-spek'tro-skope. Spec- 
trum arrangement applied to a microscope for spec- 
troscopic examination. 
Microspheres, mi'kro-sfeers. Minute bodies having 
a round shape, occurring in recent lymph from pus- 
tules of vaccine and small-pox. According to Cohn, 
they belong to the Schizomycetes, and are regarded 
by him as the carriers of contagion. 
Microsphyctus, mik-ro-sfik'tus (micro, sphugmos, 
pulse). Smallness or weakness of pulse. 
Microsphyxia, mik-ro-sfiks'e-ah (micro, small, 
sphuxis, pulse). Smallness of pulse. 
Microsplanchnus, mik-ro-splank'nus (micro, 
splanchnon, viscus). Possessing small viscera. 
Microspores, mi'kro-spores. See Microphytes. 
Microsporon (mik-ros'po-ron) Audoui'ni (micro, spo- 
ron, seed, spore). See Fungus, Parasites, and Porrigo 
decalvans. M. diphtherit'icum, a form of micrococcus 
considered by some observers as the specific cause of 
diphtheria. M. fur'fur, see Chloasma, Fungus, and Par- 
asites. M. mentagrophy'tes, mentagraphyte; see 
Fungus and Parasites. M. minutis'simum, vegetable 
parasite. It is still sub judice whether it belongs to 
the fungi; it occurs in the axillae, inguinal and genito- 
crural regions, cleft of nates, and adjoining parts of 
trunk or limb, and causes a contagious disease called 
erythrasma. M. sep'ticum, round micrococcus de- 
scribed by Klebs as having been detected in septicae- 
mic blood. 
Microsporum, mik-ros'por-um. Microsporon. 
Microstat, mik'ro-stat (micro, histemi, to stand). 
Stage and finder for microscope. 
Microsthenes, mik - ros' then - ees (micro, sthenos, 
strength). Group of the mammalia having a small 
size, in contradistinction to the Megasthenes, which are 
the largest and most powerful of the mammalia. 
Microstom'atous. Having a small mouth. 
Microstomus, mik-ros'to-mus (micro, stoma, mouth). 
One who has a small mouth. Condition is called 
Microstomia or Microstoma; usually congenital, and 
due to some deficiency in the lower jaw. 
Microtesia, mik-ro-ta'se-ah (mikrotes, smallness). 
Morbid smallness of organic parts. 
Microthlipter, mik-ro-thlip'tur (micro, thlibo, to 
squeeze). Instrument for crushing minute objects. 
Microtia, mik-ro'te-ah (micro, ous, ear). Unusual 
small size of ear. 
Mi'crotome (micro, tome, incision). An instrument 
for cutting fine sections for microscopical examination. 
Microtrapezia, mik-ro-trap-a'ze-ah (micro, trapeza, 
table). Leptotrophia. 
Microtrichia, mik-ro-trik'e-ah (micro, thrix, hair). 
Fineness or shortness of hair. 
Microtrophia, mik-ro-trof'e-ah (micro, trophe, nour- 
ishment). Leptotrophia. 
Microtrophous, mik-rot'rof-us. Badly nourished. 
Microvolt, mik'ro-volt. Millionth part of a volt. 
Microzo'a (micro, soon, animal). Very minute forms 
of animal life, interesting pathologically as causation 
of disease. 
Microzodspore, mik-ro-zo'o-spore (micro, soon, ani- 
mal, sporos, seed). Minute zoospore. 
Microzymae, mik-ro-ze'me (micro, zume, ferment). 
Microscopic particles of living matter that secrete a 
ferment that is active in the production of disease. 
Microzy'matous. Relating to microzymae or mi- 
crozymes ; term used, instead of zymotic, to include a 
number of diseases caused by action of so-called fer- 
mentation, as syphilis, tuberculosis, etc, 
702 
! MILIARY 
Microzymes, mi'kro-zimes. Microzymae; micro- 
cocci. 
Mictio, mik'she-o (mingo, mictum, to pass urine). 
Micturition. M. cruen'ta, hsematuria. M. inoppor- 
tu'na, enuresis. M. involunta'ria, enuresis. M. san- 
guin'ea, haematuria. 
Miction, mik'shun. Micturition. 
Mictolithos (mik-tol'ith-os) or Miktol'ithus (miktos, 
mixed, lithos, stone). Calculous concretion composed 
of difierent parts. 
Mictomepiiitous, mik-to-mef-e'tus. Combination of 
pernicious exhalations. 
Mictopyous, mik-top'e-us. Mixed with pus. 
Micturition, mik-tu-rish'un (jnicfiwio, to make 
water). Act of passing water; Urination. Also morbid 
frequency of passing water. 
Mictus, mik'tus. Micturition. M. cruen'tus, hse- 
maturia. 
Mid'brain. Mesencephalon. 
Midfacial, mid-fa'she-al. Situated in the middle 
of the face. 
Midfrontal, mid-front'al. Situated in middle of 
forehead. 
Midgut, mid'gut. Term applied to rudimentary 
embryonic intestinal tract, which at a later period 
forms the principal part of the intestines. 
Midriff, mid'rif. Diaphragm. 
Mid'wife. Female practising obstetrics. 
Mid'wifery. Obstetrics. 
Mig'ma. Mistura. 
Mignonette, min-yon-et'. Reseda odorata. 
Migraine, me'grain. Abridged from Hemicrania. 
Migrana, mig-ran'nah. Hemicrania. 
Migration, mi-gra'shun. Act of migrating. M. of 
o'vum, transition of the ovum from the ovary to the 
Fallopian tube. M. of the tes'ticle, the descent of 
the testes into the scrotum. M. of white cor'puscles, 
occurring in inflammation, in which the white cor- 
puscles pass through the walls of the vessels. 
Migratory, mi'gra-to-re. Relating to migration. 
Mikania (mik-an'e-ah) gua'co (after Prof. J. Mikan, 
botanist of Prague). Guaco. M. officina'lis, Brazilian 
species; reputed to be a febrifuge and tonic. M. 
opif'era, plant of Brazil; used in snake-bite. M. 
scan'dens, of Eastern and Southern United States; 
same properties as M. guaco. 
Mikrocephalus, mik-ro-sef'al-us. Microcephalus. 
Mik'rocryth. Microcrith. 
Mikulicz drain'age. Method of draining cysts of 
the abdomen or peritoneum, consisting in introducing 
iodoform gauze into the cavity and packing with the 
same material. M.'s operation consists in excision 
of inferior end of tibia and fibula, astragalus, os cal- 
cis, and posterior portion of scaphoid and cuboid 
bones, which are then brought into position with the 
tibia and fibula. 
Mildew, mil'du. Term including difierent minute 
fungi which thrive on plants, animal tissue, or decay- 
ing matter. M., corn, rust in wheat due to Puccinia 
graminis. M., gan'grene, ergotism. 
Mil'foil (mille, thousand, folium, leaf). Achillea 
millefolium. 
Milia, mil'e-ah. Miliaria. 
Millaria, mil-e-ar'e-ah (milium, millet). Miliary 
fever. M. crystal'lina, sudamina. M. papulo'sa, 
lichen tropicus; prickly heat. M. ru'bra, miliaria 
vesiculosa. M. su'dans, miliary fever. M. sudato'- 
ria, miliary fever. M. vesiculo'sa, form of miliaria 
in which the sweat-glands are greatly distended. 
Miliariform, mil-e-ar'e-form. Having a resem- 
blance to a millet-seed. 
Miliarine, mil-e-ar'een (miliaria). Term proposed 
by Dr. Wm. Farr for the specific principle by which 
miliary fever is propagated. 
Miliaris, mil-e-ar'is. Miliary. M. purpura'ta, 
fever, typhus. M. sudato'ria, sudor Anglicus; sudor 
Picardicus. 
Miliary, mil'e-a-re. Resembling millet-seed ; hence 
miliary fever, miliary glands. M. an'eurism, aneur- 
ism of smallest arteries of cerebellum. M. fe'ver, 
so called from the eruption resembling the seed of the MIDI SEMINA 
milium or millet. Fever, accompanied by an eruption 
of small, red, isolated pimples, rarely confluent, but 
almost always very numerous, slightly raised above 
the skin, and presenting, at the end of 24 hours, a 
small vesicle filled with a white transparent fluid, 
which quickly dries up and separates in the form of 
scales. Miliary fever is now rare, in consequence of 
the cooling practice in fevers and other states of the 
system. It is almost always brought on by external 
heat, and hence the prevention is obvious. M. glands, 
sebaceous glands. M. granulations or tu'bercles, see 
Granulation. 
Mil'll sem'ina (seeds of millet). Panicum Itali- 
cum. 
Miliolum, mil-e'o-lum (dim. of Milium, millet). 
Small tumor on the eyelids, resembling, in size, a 
millet-seed. 
Militaris herba, mil-e-tah'ris ur-bah. Achillea 
millefolium. 
Military, mil'e-ta-re {miles, soldier). Pertaining to 
a soldier or an army-as military medicine, Medicina 
militaris, and military surgery, Chirurgia militaris, 
medicine and surgery applicable to the soldier. M. 
ophthal'mia, see Ophthalmia. 
Milium, mil'e-um. See Grutum, Hydatid, and Pan- 
icum miliaceum. M., am'yloid, molluscum contagio- 
sum. M., col'lold, colloid degeneration of the skin; 
rare affection, occurring chiefly on the face ; lesions 
consist of flatfish elevations imbedded in the skin, 
containing a mass resembling jelly and a drop of 
blood. The disease has been attributed to changes in 
the sebaceous glands. M. esculen'tum, panicum 
miliaceum. M. In'dicum, panicum Italicum. M. 
pan'icum, panicum miliaceum. M. so'lls, Litho- 
spermum officinale. 
Milk. Fluid secreted by the mammary glands of 
the females of the mammalia. Skimmed milk of the 
cow contains water, caseous matter, traces of butter, 
sugar of milk, chloride of sodium, phosphate and 
acetate of potassium, lactic acid, lactate of iron, and 
earthy phosphates. Cream is formed of butter, casein, 
and whey, in which there are sugar of milk and salts. 
When examined by the microscope, milk is seen to 
contain a large number of particles, of irregular size 
and shape, varying from T2 to of an inch 
in diameter, floating in a colorless liquid-liquor lactis. 
They consist of oily matter surrounded by a delicate 
pellicle, and are the milk-globules. 
703 
MILK 
Cow's milk is employed for the preparation of 
cream, butter, cheese, whey, sugar of milk, etc. It 
has been useful in a number of cases of poisoning, 
either by acting as a demulcent, or by decomposing 
certain poisons, or by combining with others so as to 
neutralize them. It is constantly employed as an ali- 
ment, and may be regarded as an emulsion in which 
butter and casein are found in suspension. When 
taken into the stomach it is coagulated by the gastric 
fluids, and the coagulum is digested like any other 
solid ; the watery parts are absorbed. 
Between milk, flour, and blood there is great sim- 
ilarity of composition. The following table is given 
by Dr. Eobert Dundas Thompson: 
Milk. 
Fibrin, 
Albumen, 
Casein, 
Gluten. 
Flour. 
Blood. 
Fibrin, 
Albumen, 
Casein, 
Coloring 
matter. 
Curd or Casein 
Butter .... Oil. Fat. 
Sugar .... 
Sugar, 
Starch. 
Sugar. 
Chloride of potassium, 
" sodium, 
Phosphate of sodium, 
" calcium, 
" magnesium, 
" iron. 
Starch. 
Sugar. 
From a considerable number of experiments by 
other investigators the several kinds of milk which 
they examined are classed according to the following 
table, as regards the relative quantity of materials 
they contain: 
Casein. 
Butter. 
Sugar of Milk. 
Serum. 
Goat 
Sheep 
Cow 
Sheep 
Cow 
Goat 
Woman 
Ass 
Mare 
Ass 
Woman 
Mare 
Ass 
Woman 
Cow 
Cow 
Woman 
Ass 
Goat 
Goat 
Mare 
Mare 
Sheep 
Sheep 
The following statement by Simon gives the aver- 
age composition of various kinds of milk in parts; 
but milk differs often in the same animal, the food 
taken varying both in quality and quantity: 
Human Milk. 
Cow's milk. 
Goat. 
Sheep. 
Ass. 
Mare. 
Variations. 
Average. 
Variations. 
Average. 
Water .... 
90.4 to 85.7 
88.05 
90.2 to 83.7 
86.95 
86.0 
83.3 
90.6 
90.6 
Casein and albumen 
1.8 to 3.1 
2.45 
3.3 to 5.5 
4.40 
3.8 
5.4 
2.7 
2.2 
Fat (butter) 
3.0 to 3.8 
3.40 
2.8 to 4.5 
3.65 
5.2 
5.3 
1.0 
1.1 
Lactose 
4.5 to 7.0 
5.75 
3.0 to 5.5 
4.25 
4.3 
5.2 
5.3 
5.8 
Inorganic salts 
0.3 to 0.4 
0.35 
0.7 to 0.8 
0.75 
0.7 
0.8 
0.4 
0.3 
Skimmed milk. 
Condensed milk. 
Butter. 
Buttermilk. 
Curd. 
Whey. 
Water 
89.6 
25.0 
15.0 
91.0 
59.4 
93.8 
Casein and albumen . . 
4.2 
14.0 
2.2 
3.7 
27.7 
0.8 
Fat (butter) 
1.0 
10.0 
82.0 
0.8 
6.4 
0.3 
Lactose 
4.4 
49.0 
0.3 
3.8 
5.0 
4.5 
Inorganic salts 
0.8 
' 2.0 
0.5 
0.7 
1.5 
0.6 
%j, in tepid skimmed cow's milk, Oj. M. blotch, por- 
rigo larvalis. M., blue, milk deriving its blue color 
from the presence of bacillus cyanogenes. M., but'ter, 
fluid which remains after butter has been made from 
cream. M., concentrated, Preserved milk; various 
processes have been employed to obtain milk in a 
form ready at any time for use. By one of these, milk 
immediately from the cow is heated in a boiler, sugar 
being added, and the contents constantly stirred to 
favor evaporation. When the volume is reduced four- 
fifths, the concentrated liquid is poured into cans 
which are hermetically closed, and then exposed to 
heat in a boiler. M. crust, porrigo larvalis. M. cure, 
treatment of disease by means of milk alone or as the 
principal article of diet employed; see Milk, skim. 
Milk ab'scess. Mastodynia apostematosa. M., acid 
of, lactic acid. M., al'mond, emulsio amygdal®. M. 
of ammo'niac, mistura ammoniaci. M., artific'ial 
hu'man, cow's milk prepared for infants to resemble 
very closely the composition of human milk. M., 
asafoe'tida, mistura asafoetid<e. M., ass's, consider- 
ably resembles human milk, of which it has the con- 
sistence, smell, and taste; but it contains a little less 
cream, and more soft caseous matter; often used by 
those laboring under pulmonary affections. Artificial 
ass's milk may be made by taking gelatin, §ss, dis- 
solving it by the aid of heat in barley-water, Oij, 
adding refined sugar. sjj, pouring into the mixture 
new milk, Oj, and beating the whole with a whisk. 
It may also be prepared by dissolving sugar of milk, MILK 
ML, deficiency of, agalactia. M., ewe's, affords more 
cream than cow's milk, but the butter is softer. The 
caseum, on the contrary, is fatter aud more viscid. 
It contains less serum than cow's milk. Roquefort 
cheeses are made from it. M., exces'sive secre'tion 
of, galactorrhoea. M., ferment'ed, kumyss. M. fe'ver, 
see Fever, milk. M. fis'tula, fistula of the mamma. 
M. glass, breast-glass. M. gloh'ules, see Milk. M., 
goat's, resembles cow's milk; the butyraceous matter, 
however, which enters into its composition is more 
solid than that of the cow. Artificial goat's milk 
may be made by taking fresh suet, §j, cutting it into 
small pieces, tying it in a muslin bag large enough to 
leave the morsels free from compression, and boiling 
in a quart of cow's milk sweetened with a quarter of 
an ounce of white sugar candy. Used as diet in scrofu- 
lous cases and also in phthisis. M., green, colostrum. 
M. hedge, Euphorbia tirucalli. M., hu'man, contains 
more sugar of milk and cream, and less caseum, than 
cow's milk. Composition differs according to the dis- 
tance of time from delivery. M., i'odated, iodine 
dissolved in alcohol and intimately mixed with milk 
until there is no taste, color, or smell of iodine. M. 
jel'ly, prepared by boiling milk with sugar, then 
adding gelatin, lemons, and wine. M. knot, Galacto- 
ganglion, knots often observed in the breast after in- 
flammation of the organ or for some time after the 
suppression of the secretion. They generally end by 
resolution. M. leg, phlegmatia dolens. M., male's, 
sperm. M., mare's, contains only a small quantity 
of fluid butyraceous matter, a little caseum, softer 
than that of cow's milk, and more serum. M., mock- 
ass's, artificial ass's milk. M. plas'ma, clear fluid 
containing milk-globules. M., preserved, milk, con- 
centrated. M. punch, see Punch. M., red, milk col- 
ored red by the presence of bacillus lactis erythrog- 
enes. M. scall, porrigo larvalis. M. sick'ness, Sick 
stomach, Swamp sickness, Tires, Slows, Stiff joints, Puk- 
ing fever, River sickness. Disease occasionally observed 
in certain States of the South and South-west, which 
affects both man and cattle, but chiefly the latter. 
It is attributed in cattle to something eaten or drunk 
by them, and in man to the eating of the flesh of 
animals laboring under the disease. Owing to the 
tremors that characterize it in animals, it is called 
the Trembles. It is endemic. Symptoms of the disease 
are such as are produced by the acronarcotic class of 
poisons-vomiting, purging, extreme nervous agita- 
tion, etc.; the approved indications of treatment ap- 
pear to be-gentle emetics and laxatives, with quiet 
and mucilaginous drinks. M., skim, contains not only 
casein, but also a saccharine assimilable principle- 
sugar of milk-the fatty matter having been sepa- 
rated by the cream. Its use has been proposed for 
various morbid conditions, as diabetes and the form of 
Bright's disease known as fatty degeneration of the 
kidney, causing the sugar in the former and the albu- 
men in the latter to disappear from the urine. Diet 
of the patient is restricted to skim milk, the quantity 
being augmented until several pints are taken daily. 
M., snake's, Euphorbia corollata. M. and. so'da- 
wa'ter, agreeable mode of taking milk in cases where 
it lies heavily on the stomach; heat, nearly to boil- 
ing, a teacupful of milk, dissolve in it a teaspoonful 
of sugar, put into a large tumbler, and pour over it 
two-thirds of a bottle of soda-water. M., solid'ified, 
milk, to which little less than an equal weight of 
white sugar has been added, evaporated to dryness. 
When redissolved in water, it has all the qualities of 
fresh milk, with the additional quantity of sugar. 
To milk which has been evaporated to dryness the 
names Lactoline and Lacteine have been given. M. 
spots, maculae albae; strophulus. M. stone, kind of 
earth applied in intertrigo. M., su'gar of, sugar of 
milk. M. of sul'phur, sulphur praecipitatum. M., 
sweet, Galium verum. M., tar, petroleum Barba- 
dense. M. teeth, see Dentition. M. thistle, Lilybum 
marianum. M. thrush, aphthae. M. tree, tree yielding 
a juice bearing resemblance to milk. M. tu'mor, 
galactocele; galactoma. M., tur'pentine, rectified ben- 
zine. M., vegetable, succus lacteus; the secretion 
704 
MIND 
of some varieties of trees resembles a milky juice. 
M. vetch, Astragalus verus. M. vetch, stemless, 
Astragalus exscapus. M. wax, ozokerite. M. weed, 
Apocynum androssemifolium, Asclepias Syriaca, Eu- 
phorbia corollata. M. weed, long'-leaved green, 
Acerates longifolia. M. weed, smooth, Asclepias Sul- 
livantii. M., witch'es', fluid resembling colostrum, 
observed to exist in mamma of infants after birth. 
M. wort, bit'ter, Polygala amara. M. wort, com'mon, 
polygala. M. wort, dwarf, Polygala paucifolia. M. 
wort, rat'tlesnake, polygala. M., yellow, yellow 
appearance of milk, due to the presence of a specific 
bacterium. 
Milking cramp. See Cramp, writer's. 
Milk'y. Lactic. M. stains, patches, white. 
Mill moun'tain. Linum catharticum. 
Millar's asth'ma. Laryngismus stridulus; strid- 
ulous laryngitis. 
Millefolium. Achillea millefolium. 
Millegrana, mil-le-gran'ah. Herniaria glabra. 
Millemorbia scrophularia, mil-le-mor'be-ah skrof- 
u-lah're-ah (mille, thousand, morbus, disease). Scroph- 
ularia nodosa. 
Millepedes, mil-lep'e-dees (pl. of Millepes) (mille, 
thousand, pedes, feet). Onisci aselli. 
Milleperta, mil-le-pur'tah. Hypericum perforatum. 
Miller-Lewis bacillus, bas-il'lus. Bacillus shaped 
like a comma, met with in the mouth. 
Millet-seed rash. Miliary fever. 
Milliampere, mil-le-am'pare. Electrical unit repre- 
senting thousandth part of an ampere. 
Milliamperemeter, mil-e-am'pare-me-ter. Instru- 
ment for measuring minute electricity. 
Milligramme, mille-gram (mille, thousand, gramma, 
gramme). Thousandth part of a gramme-about 
0.0154 Troy grain. 
Milligrana, mil-e-gran'ah. Herniaria glabra. 
Millilitre, mel'le-le-ter. French measure of capacity, 
the thousandth part of a litre, equal to 0.06102 of a 
cubic inch. 
Millimetre, mil'le-me-ter (mille, thousand, metron, 
measure). Thousandth part of the metre, equal to 
0.03937 Eng. inch, about two-fifths of a line. 
Millon's rea'gent. Solution of mercury and nitric 
acid ; imparts a purple-red color to proteids. 
Mill'stone-ma'ker's phthi'sis. Form of severe 
bronchitis dependent on inhalation of fine particles 
separated in the manufacture of millstones. 
Mil'phse or Milpho'sis. Loss of hair, particularly 
of the eyelashes. 
Miltlike. Epithet for a form of cancer character- 
ized by a soft pale growth containing scarcely any 
blood; called from resemblance to the milt of a fish. 
See Encephaloid. 
Mil'tus. Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
Milt'waste. Asplenium. 
Mimetic, mim-et'ik. Eelating to imitation. M. 
paral'ysis, facial paralysis. 
Mimic (mim'ik) or Mimical. Mimetic. M. pal'sy, 
see Paralysis, facial. M. spasm, see Paralysis, facial. 
Mimicry, mim'ik-re. Imitation. 
Mimochasmesis, mim-o-kaz-ma'sis (mimeomai, to 
imitate, chasmesis, yawning). Imitative yawning. 
Mimography, mim-og'raf-e (mimeomai, to imitate, 
grapho, to write). Employment of signs as a means 
of communication among deaf-mutes. 
Mimosa catechu, mim-o'sah kat'e-ku (mimos, 
mimic, the leaves of many species mimicking sensi- 
bility). Catechu. M. cochliacar'pa, see Cortex ad- 
stringens Brasiliensis. M. leucophlce'a, see Spirit (ar- 
rack). M. Nilot'ica, see Acacia. M. pudi'ca, sensitive 
plant, native of tropical America; root has emetic 
properties; leaves are employed in baths to relieve 
pain. M. scand'ens, cachang-parang. M., Sen'egal, 
see Senegal, gum. M. virginalis, see Cortex adstringens 
Brasiliensis. 
Mimulus moschatus, mim'u-lus mos-kat'us. See 
Musk. 
Mimu'sops eleu'gi. An East Indian tree; bark 
has tonic and astringent properties. 
Mind. The seat of the intellectual reasoning MINDERERUS 
power in man. M. blind'ness, loss of power to 
recognize objects, due to cortical lesions; the sight, 
however, remains intact. M. cure, professed method 
of curing diseases by influence of healer's mind upon 
that of the patient. M. deaf'ness resembles mind- 
blindness ; the patient loses the power to distinguish 
nature of sounds due to cortical lesions, the apparatus 
of hearing, however, remaining intact. M., unsound, 
insanity. 
Mindere'rus, spirit of. Solution of ammonium 
acetate. 
Mineral degeneration, min'e-ral de-jen-e-ra'shun. 
Cretefaction. M. oil, petroleum. M. water, acid- 
ulous water, simple. M. waters, see Waters, mineral. 
Mi'ner's asth'ma. Carbonaceous or black phthisis, 
miner's consumption. Form of severe bronchitic 
disease of miners, in consequence of the peculiar 
atmosphere breathed by them. It is often associated 
with mitral insufficiency, probably dependent on the 
great stress on the circulatory and respiratory organs 
by the difficulties of egress. See Anchylostomiasis. 
M.'s el'bow, enlargement of bursa over the olecranon 
in such as habitually lean upon it; often seen in 
those who work on the side in low-roofed mines. 
M.'s nystag'mus, see Nystagmus. 
Min'im (the least part or portion). The sixtieth 
part of a fluidrachm; measure introduced by the 
London College of Physicians in consequence of the 
uncertainty of the size of the drop; see Drop. 
The proportion between the minims and the drops 
of various fluid preparations is given under Drop. 
M. meas'ure, measure for the division of the fluid- 
drachm. 
Minimum, min'im-um. Least part or portion. 
Minim. 
Minister gymnastse, min'is-ter jim-nas'te. In an- 
cient gymnastics, an officer acquainted with the 
prescribed exercises and who carried them into 
effect. 
Minithosis, min-e-tho'sis (minutho, to diminish). 
Decline or remission of a disease. 
Minium, min'e-um. Plumbi oxydum rubrum. M. 
Grseco'rum, hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. M. 
pu'rum, hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. 
Minor hellcis, me'nor hel'is-is (smaller muscle of 
the helix). Muscle situate on the posterior border 
of the helix of the ear at its commencement in the 
fossa of the concha. 
Minoration, mi-nor-a'shun. Mild purgation by 
laxatives. 
Minorativus, min-or-at-e'vus (minor, less). Laxa- 
tive. 
Mint. Mentha. M., cat, nepeta. M., cock, Ta- 
nace turn balsamita. M., curled, Mentha crispa. M., 
horse, Monarda coccinea and M. punctata. M., horse, 
hair'y, Blephilla hirsuta. M., horse, Ohi'o, Blephilla 
hirsuta. M., horse, sweet, Cunila mariana. M., 
hys'sop-leaved, Mentha cervina. M., mountain, 
Monarda coccinea. M., mountain, com'mon, Pyc- 
nanthemum incanum. M., pep'per, Mentha piperita. 
M., spear, Mentha viridis. M., squaw, hedeoma. 
M., stone, Cunila mariana. M. tea, infusum menthae 
viridis. M., water, Mentha aquatica. 
Min'tha. Mint. 
Minute' anat'omy. Histology. 
Minuthesis, min-u-tha'sis (minutho, to diminish). 
Decline or remission of a disease. 
Minutio, min-u'she-o. Diminution, as of capacity, 
power, etc. M. mon'achi (restriction of the monk), 
term used in the Middle Ages for treatment lessen- 
ing the sexual energy. 
Minyanthes, min-e-an'thees. Menyanthes. 
Miosis, me-o'sis. Decline or remission of a disease. 
Mirab'ilis dichot'oma. Four-o'clock flower of W. 
Indies,; a drastic purgative. M. jalap'a, false jalap; 
has been used as a substitute for officinal jalap. M. 
suave'olens, Mexican plant; leaves are stomachic, 
astringent, and antiarthritic. 
Mirac'ulous plas'ter. See Plaster. 
Mirocele. Merocele. 
Mirror. Mirrors are used extensively in oph- 
705 
MISTURA 
thalmoscopy, laryngoscopy, rhinology, etc. for exam- 
ining and treating cavities. 
Mirror-galvanometer, mir'ror-gal-van-om'e-tur. A 
mirror is fastened to the galvanometer needle, which 
reflects a beam of light upon a scale and indicates 
small motions of the needle. 
Mirrot, mir'rot. Daucus carota. 
Miryachit. Form of neurosis observed in Siberia 
and other cold countries, in which marked excitabil- 
ity, with imitation of words or movements, is present. 
Misanthropy, mis-an'thro-pe (misos, hatred, anthro- 
pos, man). Aversion to man and society; symptom 
of melancholy and hypochondriasis. 
Miscarriage, mis-kar'rij. Expulsion of a human 
foetus between the third and seventh months of preg- 
nancy. See Abortion. 
Miscegenation, mis-se-jen-a'shun (misceo, to mix, 
genus, a race). Mixture or amalgamation of races, as 
of the black with the white. 
Misemis'sion. Absence of emission in sexual in- 
tercourse. 
Miserere (miz-er-air'e) me'i (have pity on me). 
Ileus. 
Misery, miz'e-re (miser, suffering). See Pain. 
Mislactation, mis-lak-ta'shun. Vitiated or defec- 
tive condition of milk. 
Mis'mar or Mese'mar. Nodus on the toes as the 
sequel of contusion or inflammation. 
Mismenstrua'tion. Any form of disordered men- 
struation. 
Mismicturi'tion. Any form of disordered passage 
of urine. 
Misog'amos or Misog'amus (misos, hatred, gamos, 
wedlock). Having morbid repugnance to wedlock. 
Misogyny, mis-oj'in-e (misos, hatred, gune, a 
woman). Hatred of women; repulsion for sexual 
intercourse. 
Misoma'nia (misos, hatred or persecution). Delu- 
sion of persecution. 
Misopae'dia (misos, hatred, pais, child). Dislike of 
children by their parents. 
Misopsychia, mis-o-sik'e-ah (misos, hatred, psuche, 
life). Weariness of life; melancholy. 
Misoptochus, me-sop-to'kus (misos, hatred, ptochos, 
poor). Having hatred for the poor. Gout has been 
so called because commonly affecting the rich. 
Misozoia, mis-o-zo'e-ah (misos, hatred, zoe, life). 
Disgust of life, even to the verge of suicide. 
Misplace'ment. Displacement; ectopia. 
Missed la'bor. Condition in which a dead foetus 
remains in the womb for some time after the term of 
pregnancy has expired. 
Missio sanguinis, mish'e-o san'gwin-is. Bloodlet- 
ting. 
Mistio, mis'te-o (misceo, mixtum, to mix). Mixture. 
Mistletoe, mis'il-to. Viscum album. M., yel'low- 
ish, Viscum flavescens. 
Mistura (mis-tu'rah) or Mixtu'ra. Mixture. Mingled 
compound in which different ingredients are con- 
tained in the fluid state, or suspended or not by 
means of mucilaginous or saccharine matter. In this 
sense synonymous with the French Potion. In France, 
however, the word mixture more frequently means a 
liquid medicine containing very active substances, 
and only to be administered by drops. When it con- 
sists of materials requiring to be shaken up when 
taken, it is termed Mistura media. M. aca'cise, mu- 
cilago acaciae. M. ac'idi hydrocyan'ici, Mixture of 
Prussic acid (medicinal prussic acid, ; distilled 
water, pure sugar, gjss); dessertspoonful every 
morning and evening as a pectoral, etc. M. ammoni'- 
aci (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Mixture of ammoniac (ammoniac, 
3iij ; aquae, dose, to (Ph. U. S.). M. 
amyg'dalae (Ph. U. S. and Br.) (sweet almond, gr. 
ccxl; acacia, gr. xl; sugar, 3ij; distilled water, 
f.^ix); dose, in catarrh of stomach and 
bowels and of urinary organs; emulsio amygdalae. 
M. asafoe'tidae (Ph. U. S.), Mixture of asafoetida (asa- 
fcetidae, 3iij ; aquae, f^x); used where pills cannot 
be swallowed and as a glyster; dose, 
M. asafoe'tidae pro clys'mate, enema foetidum. M. MISTURA 
bal'sami copai'bae, see Chopart's mixture. M. cam'- 
phorse, Camphor mixture or julep (camphor., 3ij ; alco- 
hol., nj,xl; magnes. carb., 5iv; aqua destillat., Oij); 
virtues like those of camphor. M. chlorofor'mi (Ph. 
U. S.), Mixture of chloroform (chloroform, purif., f£ij ; 
camphor., gr. xlv; vitell. ovi. recent., aquae, 
fjpv); dose, M. contrac'ta (small mixture), 
see Gutta. M. cor'nu us'ti, Decoction of burnt harts- 
horn, Mixture of burnt hartshorn, White decoction (cor- 
uuum ust., §ij ; acaciae gum. cont., ; aquae, Oiij). 
M. creaso'ti, Creasote mixture (creasot., acid, acetic, 
glacial., aa spirit, junip., syrup., ; 
aquae destill., 1'3 xv) (Ph. Br.); a fluidounce contains 
a minim of creasote, the usual dose. M. cre'tse (Ph. 
U. S. and Br.), Chalk or Cretaceous mixture, Chalk, julep 
(compound chalk powder, gr. cccc; cinnamon-water, 
f,ovj ; water, f3yj) (Ph. U. S.); antacid and 
absorbent; dose, fjjj to M. diabol'ica, mixture 
under this name is kept in many hospitals for malin- 
gerers; made of nauseous ingredients, as aloes, asa- 
foetida, castor, etc., and given to keep up a disagree- 
able impression on the gustatory nerves. M. fer'ri et 
ammo'nii aceta'tis (Ph. U. S.)> Basham's mixture 
(tinct. of chloride of iron, ; diluted acetic 
acid, ; solution of acetate of ammonium, 
elixir of orange, fjvj ; syrup, f^j; water, 1'3 iv, foij); 
tonic; dose, M. fer'ri aromat'ica, Aromatic 
mixture of iron (cinchon. rubr. pulv., 3j ; calumb. rad. 
pulv., §ss; caryophyll. cont., 3ij ; ferrifil., tinct. 
cardamom, comp., ; tinct. aurant. cort., 1'3 ss; 
aquae menth. piperit., q. s.). (Ph. Br.); tonic; dose, 
ij. M. fer'ri compos'ita (Ph. U. 8. and Br.), Compound 
mixture of iron, Griffith's mixture (myrrhae, gr. Ixxij ; 
sacchar., gr. Ixxij; potass. bicarb., gr. xxxij ; aquae 
rosae (Ph. U. S.), ferri sulph. in pulv., gr. 
xxiv; sp. lavand., tonic and emmenagogue, 
and useful wherever iron is indicated; dose, 
M. ferrosali'na, mixture, ferrosaline. M. fus'ca 
(brown mixture), M. glycyrrhizae composita. M. 
gentia'nae, see Infusum gentianse compositum. M. 
glycyrrhi'zae compos'ita (Ph. U. 8.) Compound mix- 
ture of licorice, Brown mixture (extract, glycyrrhiz. 
pur., acaciae pulv., sacchar., aa 3SS; tinct. opii cam- 
phorat., f^ij; vin. antimon., f§j; spirit, aether, 
nitros., aquae, f^xij); popular cough med- 
icine ; dose, a tablespoonful for an adult. M. guai'- 
aci, Mixture of guaiac (guaiac., resin, pulv., sacch. 
pur., aa 3ss; acaciae pulv., 3ij ) aq. cinnam., Qj) (Ph. 
Br.); dose, to f gij. M. gum'mi guai'aci berge'- 
ri, mistura guaiaci. M. gummo'sa, gum mixture. 
M. hor'dei, decoctum hordei compositum. M. len'- 
iens, looch ex ovo. M. magne'sii et asafoe'tidse, 
mixture of magnesia and asafcetida (carbonate of 
magnesium, gr. ccclx; tinct. of asafcetida, f£x; tinct. 
of opium, TV[,lxxv; sugar, giss; distilled water, q. s. 
to make f^xv); Dewees's carminative; dose, pbxx- 
M. me'dia, see Mistura. M. mos'chi, Musk mixture 
(moschi, acaciae gum., sacch. purif., aa 5j ; aq. rosae, 
i dose, to f§ij. M. potas'sse citratis, 
liquor potassae citratis. M. potas'sii citra'tis (Ph. 
U. S.), neutral mixture (fresh lemon-juice, bi- 
carbonate of potassium, q. s. for neutralization); 
should _be always freshly made; given in fevers, etc. ; 
dose, M. rhe'i et so'dae (Ph. U. S.) (bicarbonate 
of sodium, §ss; fluid extract of rhubarb, 
spirit of peppermint, water, q. s. to make Oj); 
dose, for children, as carminative, half a teaspoonful to 
a teaspoonful. M. scammo'nii, Scammony mixture 
(scammon., gr. vj ; lactis, (Ph. Br.); dose, f§j-ij. 
M. sen'nae compos'ita, Compound mixture of senna 
(magnes. extract, glycyrrh. liquid., 
tinct. sennas, fjjiiss; tinct. cardamom, comp., 
infus. sennas, f gxv) (Ph. Br.); dose, f M. spir'- 
itus vi'ni Gal'lici, Brandy mixture, Mixture of spirit 
of French wine (sp. vin. Gallic., aq. cinnam., aa f §iv; 
vitel. ovi., ij ; sacchar. pur., gss) (Ph. Br.); excitant 
draught for the low stages of fever; dose, f 5jj-ij. M. 
strych'nise, Mixture of strychnia (distilled water, 3(j ; 
very pure strychnia, 1 gr.; white sugar, 3ij); dose, a 
teaspoonful. M. sulphu'rico-acida, elixir acidum 
Halleri. M. vulnera'ria ac'ida, eau d' arquebusade. 
706 
MIXTURE 
Mitchella (mitch-el'lah) re'pens (after Dr. John 
Mitchell of Virginia, botanist). Partridgeberry, 
Checkerberry, Winter clover. Indigenous trailing ever- 
green, of the family Cinchonace®; expectorant, em- 
menagogue, and diuretic; prescribed in dropsy and 
gout. 
Mite. Small insects, particularly the acarus. 
Mitella, mit-el'lah (dim. of Mitra, bandage). Sling. 
Mithridate, mith-rid-at'e. Compound electuary 
into which entered myrrh, saffron, agaric, ginger, 
cinnamon, fiankincense, garlic, mustard, birthwort, 
galbanum, castor, gum arabic, opium, gentian, vale- 
rian, acacia, and other substances in Canary wine, 
honey, etc.; invented by Mithridates, king of Pontus 
and Bithynia, and regarded as alexipharmic. 
Mithridaticum medicamentum, mith-rid-at'ik-um 
med-ik-am-en'tum. Mithridate. 
Mith/ridatism. Condition of protection from toxic 
drugs by taking them in gradually increasing doses. 
Mithridates was credited with such protection, as a 
habitual taker of strong drugs. 
Mitigans, mit'e-gans (mitigo, to assuage). Lenitive. 
Mit'igate. To relieve pain or distress, or, at least, 
to moderate it. 
Mitigated caustic, mit'e-ga-ted kaw'stik. Fused 
nitrate of silver with equal part of potassium nitrate. 
M. stick, M. caustic. 
Mitochysis, mit-ok'is-is (mitos, thread, chusis, lique- 
faction). Multiplication of cells. 
Mito'ma. Portion of nucleus, the chromatin. 
Mitos'chisis. Karyokinesis. 
Mitosis, mit-o'sis (mitos. thread). Starlike division 
of the chromatin of a nucleus. Karyokinesis. 
Mitra Hippocratica, me'trah hip-po-krat'ik-ah 
(mitra, mitre, bandage). Bonnet of Hippocrates; cap- 
elline bandage. 
Mitral, mi'tral. Having the form of a mitre; re- 
sembling a bishop's mitre. M. regurgita'tion, see 
Regurgitation. M. valves, two triangular valves at the 
opening of communication between the left auricle 
of the heart and the corresponding ventricle; formed 
by the inner membrane of the left cavities of the 
heart, and retained on the side of the ventricle by 
tendinous cords proceeding from the column® ear- 
ner. They permit the blood to pass from the auricle 
into the ventricle, and oppose its return. 
Mitrium, mit're-um (mitrion, dim. of mitra, band- 
age). Sling. 
Miuamaru. See Arrow-poison. 
Miva, me'vah. Marmelade. 
Mixed fe'ver. Inflammatory and typhus fever oc- 
curring together. 
Mixis, miks'is. Coition. Mistura. 
Mixtio, mik'she-o (misceo, mixtum, to mix). Mistura. 
Mixtura, miks-tu'rah. Mistura. 
Mixture, miks'ture. Mistura. M., A. C. E., alcohol, 
p. j ; chloroform, p. ij ; ether, p. iij ; anaesthetic. M. 
of ac'etate of i'ron and ammo'nium, mistura ferri 
et ammonii acetatis. M., al'mond, emulsio amyg- 
dalae. M. of ammo'niac, mistura ammouiaci. M. of 
asafeet'ida, mistura asafeetid®. M., Ba'sham's, mis- 
tura ferri et ammonii acetatis. M., brandy, mistura 
spiritus vini Gallici. M., brown, mistura glycyrrhiz® 
composita. M., cam'phor, mistura camphor®. M., 
chalk, mistura cret®. M. of ci'trate of potas'sium, 
liquor potassii citratis. M. of cre'asote, mistura cre- 
asoti. M., creta'ceous, mistura cret®. M., em'etine, 
emetic, mistura emetin® vomitoria. M., ferrosa- 
line', under this name the author has long prescribed 
the following combination in torpor of the colon: 
Magnes. sulphat., ; potass® bitart., 5j ferri sulph., 
gr. x; for a quart of water. Wineglassful every 
morning, on rising, until the torpor is removed. 
M., gen'tian, see Infu,sum gentianse compositum. M., 
Griffith's, mistura ferri composita. M. of guai'ac, 
mistura guaiaci. M. of gum ar'abic, see Emulsio 
acaciee. M. of harts'horn, burnt, mistura cornu usti. 
M., Hope's, recommended by a Mr. Hope in diarrhea 
and dysentery; essentially a nitrate of morphia. Al- 
though the proposer employed the acidum nitrosum 
(Ph. Edin.), nitric acid is generally used (acid, nitros., MM 
f,3j ; aquse camphor., f ,5viij ; tinct. opii, gtt. xl.-M.); 
dose, a fourth part every three or four hours. M. of 
i'ron, aromat'ic, mistura ferri aromatica. M. of i'ron, 
compound, mistura ferri composita. M., Lafayette, 
mixture for gonorrhoea, consisting of copaiha, spirit 
of nitrous ether, compound tincture of lavender, liquor 
potass®, syrup, and mucilage of acacia. M. of lic'- 
orice, com'pound, mistura glycyrrhiz® composita. 
M. of marsh'mallows, decoctum alth®®. M., musk, 
mistura moschi. M., neu'tral, liquor potass® citratis. 
M. of Prus'sic ac'id, mistura acidi hydrocyanici. M. 
of rhu'barb and so'da, mistura rhei et sod®. M. of 
scam'mony, mistura scammonii. M., Scud'amore's, 
recommended by Sir C. Scudamore in gouty and rheu- 
matic aifections (magnes. sulph., §j-§ij ; aqu® mon- 
th®, f ; aceti colchic., f ; syrup, croci, f ; 
magnes., 9viij.-M.); dose, one, two, or three table- 
spoonfuls, repeated every two hours in a paroxysm 
of gout, until from four to six evacuations are pro- 
duced in twenty-four hours. M. of sen'na, com'- 
pound, mistura senn® compositum. M. of spir'it of 
French wine, mistura spiritus vini Gallici. M. of 
strych'nia, mistura strychni®. 
Mm. Symbol for micromillimetres. 
Mne'me. Memory. 
Mnemoneutice (ne-mo-nu'tis-e) or Mnemon'ice. 
Mnemonics. 
Mnemonics, ne-mon'iks (mneme, memory). The 
art of aiding the memory and of forming artificial 
memory. 
Mnemotechne, ne-mo-tek'ne (mneme, memory, tech- 
ne, art). Mnemonics. 
Moaning, moan'ing. A plaintive respiration, in 
which the patient utters audible groans or moans. 
Moap'eye. Myopia. 
Mo'bile spasm. Term implying movements, slow 
and irregular in character, following hemiplegia. 
Mobility, mo-bil'it-e (mobilis, that can be moved). 
The power of being moved. In physiology, great 
nervous susceptibility, often joined to a disposition to 
convulsion. Greatly developed excitability. 
Moccasin (mok'a-sin) flow'er. Cypripedium acaule, 
C. luteum. M. plant, Cypripedium luteum. M. root, 
Cypripedium pubescens. 
Mochleusis, mok-lu'sis (mochlos, lever). Reduction 
of a luxated bone. 
Mochlia, mok-le'ah (mochleuo, to move). Reduction 
of a luxated bone. 
Mochlicus, mok'le-kus. Relating or appertaining 
to mochlia; purgative. 
Mochliscus, mok-lis'kus (dim. of Mochlos, lever). 
Lever. 
Mochlium, mok'le-um (mochiion, dim. of mochlos, 
lever). Instrument employed in obstetrics. 
Mochlus, mok'lus. Lever. 
Mochthus, mok'thus. Agony. 
Mock'knees. Crusta genu equin®. 
Mock'orange. Philadelphus coronarius; leaves 
are detergent. 
Modelling process, mod'el-ing pro'sess. A term 
proposed by Dr. Macartney of Dublin for the mode 
in which wounds are healed without inflammation or 
suppuration by a deposit of plastic matter from the 
surface of the wound, portion being laid upon por- 
tion, without waste, after the manner of clay in the 
hands of the sculptor. 
Moderator (mod'e-ra-tor) band. Fibrous or mus- 
cular band often existing in man, extending across 
the right ventricle of the heart. 
Modified lin'ear extraction. Von Graefe's method 
of operating on cataracts. 
Modiolus, mod-e'o-lus. (The nave of a wheel). A 
hollow cone in the cochlea of the ear, forming a 
nucleus, axis, or central pillar around which the gyri 
of the cochle® pass. The modiolus forms the inner 
and larger portion of the central pillar, and is the 
cavity seen at the bottom of the meatus auditorius 
internus, lodging a branch of the auditory nerve. 
The central portion of the modiolus, Tractus spiralis 
foraminulosus, contains a number of minute canals. 
Into these the nerves of the cochlea enter, and pass 
707 
MOLE 
out at right angles between the bony plates forming 
the zona ossea of the lamina spiralis, to be expended 
on the membranous portion of the lamina. Also the 
crown of a trepan. 
Modus operand!, mo'dus op-er-an'de (mode of 
operating). Term applied to the general principles 
upon which remedies act in morbid states of the body. 
The following classification will convey some 
idea of the ways in which different organs may be 
excited into action: 
1. By actual or immediate contact of the remedy, and by 
absorption or mediate contact. 
2. By an impulse conveyed by the nerves, through an im- 
pression made on the stomach or elsewhere, or by 
remote sympathy. 
3. By contiguous or continuous sympathy, or by mere prox- 
imity or continuity of parts. 
Moenia dentium, me'ne-ah den'she-um (walls of 
the teeth). See Alveolus. 
Mce'ror (sorrow). Despondency; melancholy. 
Mog'ador gum. Barbary gum. 
Mogilalia, mo-ge-lal'e-ah (mogis, with difficulty, 
laleo, to speak). Difficult or defective articulation. 
Impediment of speech. See Balbuties. 
Mogiphonia, mo-ge-fo'ne-ah (mogis, phone, voice). 
Neurotic affection of the larynx with loss of power 
of voice. 
Mogostocia, mo-gos-to'se-ah (mogos, difficulty, tokos, 
parturition). Dystocia; laborious labor. 
Mogrigrapilia, mog-re-graf'e-ah (mogis, with diffi- 
culty, grapho, to write). Writer's cramp. 
Mo'gus. Agony. 
Mo'hawk tas'sel. Eupatorium purpureum. 
Mohr'enheim's fos'sa. Depression situate below 
the clavicle, between the pectoralis major and deltoid, 
serving as a guide for ligating subclavian artery. 
Mohria thurifraga, mohr'e-ah thu-rif'ra-gah (after 
Prof. D. M. H. Mohr, a botanist of Kiel). South 
African fern, the dry leaves of which, pulverized 
and made into an ointment with fat, are serviceable 
in burns and scalds. 
Moisture, moist'ure. Simple humidity of the skin. 
The skin is said to be moist or in a state of moisture 
when there is slight perspiration. 
Mo'ka al'oes. Aloes of poor quality from Arabia. 
Mola, mo'lah (a mill). Maxillary bone, molar 
tooth, mole, patella. M., u'terine, mole. 
Molalia, mo-lal'e-ah. Mogilalia. 
Mo'lar (mola, a mill). That which bruises or grinds. 
M. glands, two small bodies formed by a collection 
of mucous crypts, seated in the substance of the 
cheeks, between the masseter and buccinator mus- 
cles, and whose excretory ducts open into the mouth 
opposite the last molar tooth. M. teeth, Grinders, 
Jaw teeth, Lag teeth, Wall teeth, Cheek teeth, occupy the 
farther part of each alveolar arch. Their coronae are 
broader than they are high, unequal, tuberculated, 
and the roots are more or less subdivided. They are 
20 in number, 10 in each jaw. The first two pairs in 
each jaw are called lesser molars, premolar or bicus- 
pid, dentes bicuspidati or buccales or molares ante- 
riores or molares minores. The coronae have two 
tubercles, the outer being more prominent and larger 
than the inner. The root is commonly simple, some- 
times bifurcated. The other three pairs have been 
termed great molars-dentes molares posteriores or 
majores. Their coronae are cubical, rounded, and have 
at the upper surface four or five tubercles separated 
by deep furrows. The root is divided into two, three, 
four, and five fangs, more or less curved. The third 
great molar appears a long time after the others, and 
hence has been called dens sapientiae or wisdom tooth. 
Molasses, mo-las'sez. Melasses; theriaca. 
Mole (moles, mass). Vesicular mole, Hydatidiform 
or Myxomatous degeneration of the placenta, Mooncalf. 
Fleshy, insensible mass of variable and determinate 
size forming in the uterus and slightly united by 
vessels to that organ, from which its feeble vitality 
is derived. Moles seem to be owing to a morbid 
process, and are generally connected with conception. 
At times they contain parts of the foetus, but com- MOLECULAR 
monly do not. At different periods in different 
women the mass is expelled from the uterus with 
ordinary symptoms of abortion, and the case requires 
similar management. See also Naevus and Conception, 
false. M., hydat'id, see Hydatid. M. plant, Eu- 
phorbia lathyris. 
Molecular, mo-lek'u-lar. Relating to molecules or 
minute portions of anything; hence molecular death, 
in contradistinction to somatic death or death of the 
whole body. M. lay'er of cor'tex, stratum moleculare 
cerebri; first layer of Meynert. M. move'ment, see 
Motion. M. weight, see Atomic weight. 
Molecule, mo'lc-kyul (dim. of Moies, mass). Minute 
portion of any body; also the cicatricula, macula, 
gallatura, gelatinous molecule, tread of the cock, or 
embryo part of the impregnated ovum, observable 
by the microscope before the ovum has left the ova- 
rium of the hen. It lies under the epidermic coats 
of the yolk, and upon its proper coat. If the ovum, 
according to Valentin, be lacerated and its contents 
minutely examined, the cicatricula is found like a 
grayish-white disk, which in its whole periphery is 
dense, granulous, and opaque, but in the centre pre- 
sents a clear, non-granulous, and perfectly diapha- 
nous point. Purkinje found that, when he removed 
the dark granulous mass by suction with a small 
tube, there remained a perfectly transparent vesicle 
filled with a pellucid lymph which had a decidedly 
spherical form, but, being extremely delicate, was 
easily lacerated, and then its fluid escaped As he 
found this-which later naturalists have named, after 
its discoverer, the Purkinjean vesicle-in the ova of 
the ovary, but could not see it in ova which had 
already entered the oviduct, he named it germinal 
vesicle, germ-vesicle, or germ-cell, vesicula prolifera or 
germinativa, blastocystinx. Besides a perfectly color- 
less fluid this contains one or more dark corpuscles, 
■which appear as a nucleus through the including 
membrane in the shape of opaque spots-the ger- 
minal spot, germ-spot, macula germinativa or ger- 
minans, nucleus germinativus, blastocardia, corculum 
germinis, blastocelis, Wagnerian spot or vesicle. The 
small dots observed by Valentin in the Wagnerian 
vesicles, and arising in them, have been termed Val- 
entinian vesicles. The granulous membrane-its thick- 
ened portion, the so-called " cicatricula''-and the 
germinal vesicle constitute those parts of the ovum 
which pass immediately into the original foundation 
of the embryo, the blastoderm, blastodermic or ger- 
minal membrane, vesicula blastodermatica or blasto- 
dermica, blastodermic vesicle. In the nomenclature 
of Professor Agassiz the yolk-membrane is an ecto- 
blast; the Purkinjean vesicle, a mesoblast; the Wag- 
nerian vesicle, an entoblast; and the Valentinian 
vesicle, an entosthoblast. See Cytoblast. M., gelat'- 
inous, molecule. 
Moles gangliformis, mo'lees gan-gle-for'mis (gan- 
gliform mass). Ganglion of Gasser. 
Molibdus, mo-lib'dus. Lead. 
Molilalia, mo-lil-al'e-ah. Mogilalia. 
Molimen, mo-le'men (pl. Moli'mina) (molior, to 
strive). An attempt, a struggle. M. apoplec'ticum, 
cerebral hemorrhage. M. crit'icum, impulsion toward 
a sudden solution or crisis of a disease. M. hsemor- 
rhag'icum, hemorrhagic diathesis or impulsion. M. 
haemorrhoida'le, hemorrhoidal diathesis or impul- 
sion ; see Heemorrhois. M. menstrua'le, menstrual 
diathesis or impulsion. M. natu'rse saluta'rium, 
instinct. 
Molles'cence (mollis, soft). Softening; mollities. 
Mol'lin (mollis, soft). Soap composed of caustic 
potash, cocoanut oil, and glycerin; base for ointments 
in cutaneous affections. 
Mollipuffs, mol'e-pufs. Lycoperdon. 
Mol'lis ma'ter (tender mother). Pia mater. 
Mollities, mol-lish'e-eez (mollis, soft). Preternatural 
softness of an organ or part of an organ. M. atroph'- 
ica, see Mollities cerebri. M. cer'ebri, Mollescence or 
softening or a kind of liquefaction of the cerebral sub- 
stance, the remainder preserving its ordinary consist- 
ency. The neurine often contains small clots of blood, 
708 
MOLYBDOCAR DI ALGIA 
giving rise to what has been termed Capillary apoplexy 
(Cruveilhier). Several varieties of softening are now 
described, as Red softening, a result of inflammation; 
Yellow softening, the result of the death of a portion of 
the cerebral tissue; White softening, Mollities atrophica, 
the result of imperfect nutrition, due to deficient 
supply of blood. M. cor'dis, softening of the heart, 
caused bjr inflammation or from some lesion in the 
function of nutrition. M. medul'lae spina'lis, soft- 
ening of the spinal marrow. M. os'sium, Softening 
of the bones; rare affection in which the bones are 
deprived of their salts, particularly of the phosphate 
of lime, and consist only, or mainly, of gelatin; 
hence they acquire a degree of suppleness which 
renders them unfit for the performance of their 
functions. The disease generally affects all the 
bones; but it is especially remarkable during life in 
the long bones, which assume any curvature that 
may be wished. Very violent pain is often expe- 
rienced in them, and the urine frequently contains 
an enormous proportion of calcareous phosphate. 
The patient is compelled to remain in the horizontal 
posture, the bones no longer being fixed points for the 
muscles to act upon. The disease has almost always 
terminated fatally, and dissection has exhibited the 
gelatinous nature of the bones, which, by desicca- 
tion, have become transparent, as if they had been 
macerated in acid. Experience has afforded no means 
of relief in this dreadful affliction. Alkaline salts, 
earthy phosphates, etc. are of little or no use, the 
disease being in the cells of nutrition. M. unguium, 
unnaturally soft condition of the nails from faulty 
nutrition of those parts. 
Mollitio, mol-lish'e-o. Mollities. 
Mollitudo, mol'le-tu-do. Mollities. 
Moll's glands. Small glands existing in the margin 
of the eyelids. 
Mollu'go cervia'na. Infusion of the flowers is 
diaphoretic. M. sperg'ula or verticilla'ta, carpet 
weed; Indian chickweed. Laxative, stomachic. 
Molluscum, mol-lus'kura (knotty growth on the 
bark of the maple). Cutaneous affection consisting 
of numerous tumors, varying in size from that of a 
pea to that of a pigeon's egg, filled with an atheroma- 
tous matter, which are developed in the substance of 
the derma, and are of various shapes, some having a 
large base, others adherent by a pedicle. The disease 
is probably seated in the sebaceous follicles. M. 
adeno'sum, M. contagiosum. M. contagio'sum, singu- 
lar variety, characterized by the presence of hard, 
round tubercles, which are smooth and transparent, 
and, when pressed, pour out from an orifice in their 
summits a little opaque or milky fluid. M. epithelia'le 
or epithelio'ma, M. contagiosum. M. fibro'sum, 
morbid condition consisting of quite small masses or 
tumors developed around a hair-follicle, each in- 
cluding an enlarged sebaceous gland belonging to the 
hair-follicle, and a peripheral mass of nucleated con- 
nective tissue, the hair occupying the centre of the 
tumor. M. non-contagio'suin or pen'dulum, M. 
fibrosum. M. seba'ceum or ses'slle, M. contagiosum. 
M. sim'plex, M. fibrosum. M. verruco'sum, a form 
of M. contagiosum allowing of enucleation en masse. 
Moloche, mol'o-ke. Malva rotundifolia. 
Molopes, mol-o'pees (wheal). Vibices. 
Molybdsenum magnesii, mol-ib-de'num mag-ne'- 
se-e (molubdos, lead). Manganese, black oxide of. 
Molybdamauro'sis. Amaurosis from lead-poison- 
ing. 
Molybdamblyo'pia. Amblyopia from lead-poison- 
ing. 
Molybdate, mo-lib'date. Molybdic acid combined 
with a base. 
Molybdencepha'lia. Affection of the brain from 
lead-poisoning. 
Molybdenepilep'sia (molubdos, lead). Epilepsy in- 
duced by lead-poisoning. 
Molybdocachexia, mo-lib-do-kak-eks'e-ah (molub- 
dos, lead, cachexia). Lead-poisoning. 
Molybdocardial'gia. Cardialgia from lead-poison- 
ing. MOLYBDOCOLICA 
Molybdocolica, mo-lib-do-kol'e-kah (molubdos, lead, 
colica). Colica metallica. 
Molybdoides, mo-lib-do-e'dees (molubdos, lead, eidos, 
form). Resembling lead. 
Molybdonosus, mo-lib-don'o-sus (molubdos, lead, 
nosos, disease). Lead-poisoning. 
Molybdoparesis, mo-lib-do-par'es-is (molubdos, lead, 
paresis, paralysis). Lead-palsy. 
Molybdosis, mol-ib-do'sis (molybdus). Lead-poison- 
ing. 
Molybdospasmus, mo-lib-do-spaz'mus (moZii&dos, 
lead, spasmos, spasm). Cramp or spasm due to lead- 
poisoning. 
Molybdus, mo-lib'dus. Lead. 
Molyne, mol-e'ne. Anus. 
Molynsis, mo-lin'sis (moluno, to taint). Miasma. 
Momisci, mo-mis'se. Molar teeth. Also the parts 
of the molar teeth connected with the gums. 
Momordica, mo-mor'de-kah (mordeo, to bite). Balm- 
apple, Balsam apple, ord. Cucurbitacese; fruit of this 
oriental tree, Pomum mirabile or Hierosolymitanum, was 
formerly considered vulnerary. M. as'pera, M. elate- 
rium. M. bu'chu, Ecbalium buchu. M. elate'rium, 
Wild, Squirting, or Asses' cucumber, nat. ord. Cucurbi- 
tacese. The dried sediment from the juice is the ela- 
terium of the shops. See Extr actum elaterii. A power- 
ful cathartic, and has been used in dropsies. The 
active principle is Elatin, Elaterin, or Ecbalin. Dose, 
gr. | to gr. j until it operates. The Ph. B. formerly 
had Ecbalii fructus, Squirting cucumber fruit, the very 
nearly ripe fruit of Ecbalium officinarum. 
Momor'dicin. Principle derived from elaterium. 
Monad, mo'nad (monas, a unit). Simple particle or 
atom or unit; smallest of all visible animalcules; 
primary cell or germ. 
Monadeno'ma. Adenoma of a single gland. 
Monse, mo'ne. Nates. 
Monansesthe'sia (monos, one, anaesthesia, loss of sen- 
sation). Loss of sensation in one part or limb from 
lesion of the nerves or of occipital cortex, or it may 
be from hysteria. 
Monarda, mo-nar'dah (after N. Monardes, a Spanish 
botanist). Scarlet rose balm, Mountain mint, Oswego tea, 
Mountain balm, Horsemint, Square stalk, Bed balm; in- 
digenous plant, ord. Labiatse; has excitant proper- 
ties of Monarda punctata. M. allophyl'la, M. fistu- 
losa. M. clinopo'dia, M. fistulosa. M. coccin'ea, 
monarda. M. did'yma, monarda. M. fistulo'sa, Wild 
bergamot, Horsemint; leaves have a fragrant smell 
and an aromatic, somewhat bitter taste; reputed to 
be nervine, stomachic, and deobstruent. M. Kal- 
mia'na, monarda. M. oblonga'ta, M. fistulosa. M. 
puncta'ta, Horsemint; indigenous in the United 
States; stimulant and carminative; Oleum monardee, 
Oil of horsemint, was formerly officinal in the Ph. U. S. 
M. purpu'rea, monarda. M. rugo'sa, M. fistulosa. 
Monardin, mo-nar'din. Crystalline solid, isomeric 
with thymol, from oil of horsemint. 
Monarthri'tis. Inflammation of a single joint. 
Mo'nas. Monad. M. crepus'culum, micrococcus 
crepusculum. M. prodigio'sa, bacillus prodigiosus. 
M. termo, bacterium termo. 
Monaster, mon-as'ter (monos, single, aster, star). 
Single-star figure in karyokinesis. 
Monatomic, mon-ah-tom'ik (monos, single, atomos, 
atom). In chemistry, denotes an element of which 
one atom of hydrogen is saturated by only one atom 
of the combining element. 
Monelithrix, mon-e-lith'riks. Atrophy of the hair 
in which it resembles beads. 
Monemeron (mo-nem'er-on) or Monoem'eron (mono, 
hemera, a day). Name given to several collyria which 
were supposed to cure diseases of the eyes in a day. 
Monenterum, mon-en'ter-um (mono, enteron, intes- 
tine). Colon. 
Monera, mo-ne'rah. Class of protozoans of the 
lowest forms of life. 
Monesia, mo-ne'ze-ah. Vegetable extract imported 
into Europe from South America in hard, thick 
cakes. Prepared from the bark of a tree whose bo- 
tanical name is uncertain-probably Chrysophyllum 
709 
MONOCOCCUS 
glycyphleeum or Buranhem, Bururihem, Guaranhem; ord. 
Sapotacese. Very friable, and its fracture very much 
resembles that of a well-torrefied cocoanut. Wholly 
soluble in water, and its taste, which is at first sweet 
like licorice, sometimes becomes astringent. On ac- 
count of its astringent properties it has been pre- 
scribed in chronic bronchitis, hemoptysis, diarrhoea, 
leucorrhcea, uterine hemorrhage, etc. Has been ap- 
plied locally in the form of ointment (mones., p. 1; 
adipis, p. 7). 
Monesin, mo-ne'sin. Acrid principle obtained from 
monesia; identical with saponin. 
Moneywort, mun'e-wort. Lysimachia nummularia. 
Mongolian, mon-go'le-an. Anthropologists give the 
name Mongolian race to a variety of the human spe- 
cies spread over a great part of the north of Asia, in 
China, India, Thibet, the Moluccas, etc. Individuals 
composing it have the skin of a brown red, forehead 
flat, nose broad, cheeks prominent, and lips large. 
See Man. 
Mongrel, mung'grel. Hybrid. 
Monileth'rix (monile, necklace, thrix, hair). Monili- 
form or beaded hair. 
Moniliform, mo-nil'e-form (monile, necklace, forma, 
shape; necklace-like). Term applied to a peculiar 
change in the form of the blood-vessels, caused by 
partial dilatations of their walls; often observed in 
cases of cerebral softening. 
Moni'mia polystach'ia. Plant of S. America, re- 
cent leaves of which are exepctorant and bark astrin- 
gent. 
Monism, mo'nizm (monas, unity). Doctrine that 
matter and mind are identical. 
Monk physic'ians and sur'geons. Class of practi- 
tioners of whom Frere Come and Jacques Beaulieu 
in France, and Pravetz in Germany, were the most 
distinguished. 
Monkey-bread, mung'ke-bred. Fruit of baobab 
tree. 
Monkshood, mungks'hood. Aconitum. M., com'- 
mon, Aconitum napellus. M. ocam'pi, herb from 
Mexico; leaves are considered tonic. M., sal'utary, 
Aconitum anthora. M., wild, Aconitum uncinatum. 
Monni'na polystach'ia (after Monnino, Count de 
Florida Blanca, Spanish promoter of botany). South 
American plant, Polygaleae. The bark of the root is a 
powerful astringent, much used in South America in 
bowel diseases ; also as a hair-wash. 
Mo'no (monos, one, alone). In composition, one 
alone, only one. 
Monobasic, mon-o-bas'ik (monos, single, basis, base). 
Having one base; term used in chemistry. 
Monoblep'sia or Monoblepsis, mon-o-biep'sis (mono, 
blepsis, sight). Affection in which vision is confused, 
imperfect, and indistinct when both eyes are em- 
ployed, but perfect or nearly so when either eye is 
used singly. 
Monobrachius, mon-o-brak'e-us (monos, single, bra- 
chium, arm). Defective development in the congeni- 
tal absence of an arm. 
Monobromated, mo-no-bro'ma-ted. Containing one 
bromine atom. M. cam'phor, compound of camphor 
containing bromine in place of one atom of its hy- 
drogen. 
Monobrom'ethane. Ethyl bromide. 
Monobro'mide of cam'phor. Monobromated cam- 
phor. 
Monocarpae, mo-no-kar'pe (mono, karpos, fruit). A 
division of cutaneous affections, of the family Ecze- 
matosen of Fuchs, which includes strophulus, psydra-, 
cia, and ecthyma. 
Monocephalus, mo-no-sef'al-us (mono, kephale, 
head). Compound monster having two bodies with a 
single head. 
Monochlormethane, mo-no-klor-meth'ane. Methyl 
chloride. 
Monochromatic (mo-no-kro-mat'ik) aberra'tion. 
Spherical aberration. 
Mon'ocle. See Monoculus. 
Monococcus, mo-no-kok'kus (monos, single, kokkos). 
Form of coccus in which each is single and detached. MONOCCELIC 
Monocoelic, mo-no-se'lik {mono, ccelia, cavity). Hav- 
ing one cavity. 
Monocolon, mo-no-ko'lon. Caecum; rectum. 
Monocranus, mon-ok'ran-us {mono, kranon, kranion, 
cranium). Monster with one cranium, but with the 
face in part double. 
Monocrotous, mon-ok'ro-tus {mono, kroteo, to strike). 
See Pulse, monocrotous. 
Monocular, mon-ok'u-lar {mono, oculus, eye). Be- 
longing or relating to one eye; hybrid term. Variety 
of figure-of-8 bandage, to be applied to one eye only, 
is called a monocular bandage. M. polyo'pia hyster- 
ica, monocular diplopia or triplopia of hysterical sub- 
jects, including hysterical macropsy and micropsy. 
Monoculum, mon-ok'u-lum. Caecum. 
Monoculus, mon-ok'u-lus {mono, oculus, eye). Mon- 
ocle. Bandage employed to maintain topical applica- 
tions over one of the eyes. This bandage, called by 
some surgeons Simplex oculus, is made of a roller three 
or four ells long, rolled into a single ball. See Cyclops. 
Monocyst, mo'no-sist {mono, kustis, cyst). Unilocu- 
lar cyst. See Oligocyst. 
Monodiplopia, mon-o-dip-lo'pe-ah {mono, diploos, 
double, ops, eye). Uniocular diplopia or double vision 
with one eye. M. hyster'ica, monocular polyopia 
hysterica. 
Monoecius, mo-ne'she-us {mono, oikos, house). Her- 
maphrodite. 
Monoem'eron. Monemeron. 
Monogastric, mon-o-gas'trik {mono, gaster, stomach). 
Having but one stomach. Man is monogastric; ru- 
minating animals, on the contrary, are polygastric; a 
muscle that has one belly is monogastric. 
Monoge'neous {mono, genos, kind). Of one race or 
family. 
Monogeny, mo-noj'en-e {mono, genos, kind). See 
Generation. 
Monograph, medical, mon'o-graf, med'e-kal {mono, 
graphe, description). An ex professo treatise on a sin- 
gle class of diseases or on a single disease or medical 
subject. 
Monohemeron, mon-o-hem'er-on. Monemeron. 
Monolocular, mon-o-lok'u-lar {monos, single, oculus, 
eye). Having but one cell or cavity; term applied to 
cystic tumors especially; unilocular. 
Monom'achon or Monom'acum. Caecum. 
Monomania, mon-o-man'e-ah. Form of insanity in 
which the aberration is confined to one subject. M., 
homici'dal, homicidal insanity. M., incen'diary, 
pyromania. M. syphilit'ica, syphiliphobia. 
Monomaniac, mon-o-ma'ne-ak. One laboring under 
monomania or insanity, chiefly on one subject. 
Monommatos, mon-om'mat-os {mono, omma, eye). 
Cyclops. 
Monomoria, mon-o-mor'e-ah {mono, moria, silli- 
ness). Melancholy. 
Monomphalus, mon-om'fal-us {mono, omphalos, 
navel). A monster produced by the union of two 
bodies having a common umbilicus. Such a double 
monster is called by I. G. St. Hilaire Monomphalian. 
Mononoea, mon-o-ne'ah {mono, noos, thought). 
Thought on one subject, as in monomania. 
Monopagia, mon-o-pah'je-ah {mono, pagios, fixed). 
Clavus hystericus; hemicrania. 
Monopathophobia, mon-o-path-o-fo'be-ah {mono, 
pathos, disorder, phobos, dread). Hypochondriasis. 
Monopathy, mon-op'ath-e {mono, pathos, disorder). 
A state in which one organ or function is disordered. 
Applied to melancholy or monomania, which is said 
to be a monopathic affection. 
Monopegia, mon-o-pej'e-ah {mono, pegnumi, to fix). 
Clavus hystericus; hemicrania. 
Monophasia, mon-o-faz'e-ah {mono, phasis, a speech). 
Difficulty in speaking, consisting of inability to utter 
more than one syllable, one word, or one sentence. 
Monophobia, mon-o-fo'be-ah {mono, phobos, fear). 
Mental affection in which there exists a morbid 
dread of being left alone. 
Monophthalmia, mon-of-thal'me-ah. Cyclopia. 
Monophthalmus, mon-of-thal'mus {mono, ophthalmos, 
eye). Cyclops; monoculus. 
710 
MONSTER 
Monophyodont, mon-o-fe'o-dont (mono, single, phuo, 
to produce, odous, tooth). An animal having only one 
set of teeth. 
Monoplastic, mon-o-plas'tik (mono, plasso, to form). 
Having one form. A monoplastic element in histology 
is one which retains its primary form. 
Monoplas'tid. An animal formed of one cell; 
a protozoon. 
Monopleg'ia (mono, plege, stroke). Paralysis lim- 
ited to a single organ or part and dependent on cir- 
cumscribed lesions of the nervous system, as in glosso- 
plegia or paralysis of the tongue, or in hemianopsia 
or one-sided blindness. 
Monopodia, mon-o-pod'e-ah (mono,pons, foot). Sym- 
podia. 
Monoproso'pus (mono, prosopon, face). Double 
monster having a single face. 
Mo'nops (mono, ops, eye). Cyclops. 
Monopsia, mon-op'se-ah (mono, opsis, vision). Cy- 
clopia. 
Monopsychosis (mono, psuche, mind). Monomania 
or delusional insanity. 
Monopus, mon'o-pus (mono, pons, foot). Defective 
development in the congenital absence of one foot; 
one who has but one foot; monster in whom a lower 
extremity is entirely absent. See Symmeles. 
Monorchia, mon-or'ke-ah. See Monorchis. 
Monor'chid. One who has apparently a single tes- 
ticle, the other not having descended into the scrotum. 
Monorchidia, mon-or-kid'e-ah. See Monorchis. 
Monorchis, mon-or'kis (mono, orchis, testicle). One 
who has only one testicle. The condition is Monor- 
chidia or Monorchia, Monorchism, Unilateral anarchism. 
Monorchism, mon-or'kism. See Monorchis. 
Monorganici, mon-or-gan'is-e (mono, organon, organ). 
See Local. 
Monoscelus, mon-os'e-lus (mono, slcelos, leg). One- 
legged. 
Monositia, mon-o-sish'e-ah (mono, sitos, food, re- 
past). The habit of taking only one meal in the day. 
Monoso'mia (mono, soma, body). Double monster 
with two hands and one body. 
Monosomian, mon-o-so'me-an (mono, soma, body). 
An epithet applied to a double monster which seems, 
in the first instance, to have had but one body. 
Monospasm, mon'o-spasm (mono, spasmos, spasm). 
Spasm or convulsion of one part, as a limb or the face. 
Monostoma (mon-os'to-mah) len'tis. See Parasites. 
Monotic, mon-ot'ik. Relating to a single ear. 
Monotrid'ymus (mono, tridumos, threefold). A 
monster with three bodies or with triplication of 
some parts. 
Monotropa uniflora, mon-ot'ro-pah u-ne-flo'rah 
(mono, trepo, to turn-the solitary flower turned to 
one side). Indian pipe, Iceplant, Pipeplant, Nest root, 
Fit root. Ord. Ericaceae. An indigenous plant whose 
juice, mixed with water, has been extolled by the 
Indians in ophthalmia. The dried root in powder 
has been given in epilepsy and nervous diseases. 
Monoxide, mo-noks'id. Same as protoxide. 
Monro', fora'men of. See Foramen of Monro. 
Mons cerebel'li. Monticulus. M. pu'bis or ven'- 
eris (mount of Venus), the more or less projecting 
eminence situate at the base of the hypogastrium 
above the vulva and in front of the os pubis. At the 
period of puberty it becomes covered with hair, for- 
merly called Tressoria. At times mons veneris is 
applied to the corresponding part in the male. 
Monsel's salt. See Ferri sulphas. M.'s solu'tion, 
see Ferri sulphas. 
Monsonia ovata, mon-so'ne-ah o-vat'ah (after Lady 
Ann Monson, aid to Lee in his Introduction to Bot- 
any). Keita of the Hottentots. Plant, ord. Gerania- 
cefe, which grows at the Cape of Good Hope. The 
root and herb are very astringent, and are used suc- 
cessfully in dysentery. 
Mon'ster (anything strange). Any organized being 
having an extraordinary vice of conformation or a 
preternatural perversion of every part or of certain 
parts only. 
The following classification embraces the main va- MONSTER 
rieties of malformations-Vitia primes conformationis : 
1. Those in which certain parts of the normal body- 
are absent or defective-monstra deficientia, consti- 
tuting ectrogeny of Serres-monstrosity by defect. 
2. Those produced by fusion or coalition of organs- 
coalitio partium, symphysis. 3. Those in which parts 
united in the normal state are separated from each 
other-clefts, fissures. 4. Those in which normal open- 
ings are occluded-atresia. 5. Those by excess or in 
which certain parts have a disproportionate size- 
monstra abundantia, monstrosity by excess. 6. Those 
in which one or more parts have an abnormal posi- 
tion-situs mutatus. 7. Those affecting the sexual 
organs-hermaphroditism. To these "true malforma- 
tions " may be added, 8. Diseases of the foetus and 
abnormal states of its envelopes. 
Among the numerous hypotheses entertained on 
the origin or causes of monsters or of monstrosity- 
teratosis, monstrositas-three only are worth men- 
tioning : 1. The influence of the maternal imagina- 
tion on the foetus in utero; 2. Accidental changes 
experienced by the foetus at some period of its uterine 
existence; and 3. A primitive defect in the germs. 
The second seems to be the most philosophical. 
Cases of supernumerary fingers and toes, which fall 
under the fifth division of the above classification, are 
probably owing to an excess of formative action in 
the part; and it may be a question whether many of 
the cases of diplogenesis are not due to this rather 
than to a fusion of two germs. 
As a medico-legal question, monsters, if capable of 
action as individuals, have the same rights as other 
persons. 
Mon'ster, autosit'ic. One capable of independent 
existence, notwithstanding that it has been arrested 
in development and its organs fused and displaced. 
Mon'sters, com'pound. Class of monsters in which 
there are complete or incomplete elements of more 
than one monster. M., double, see Diplogenesis. M., 
trip'let, see Triplet. 
Mon'stra abundantia, ab-un-dan'she-ah. See Mon- 
ster. M. deficien'tia, see Monster. M. trigem'ina, 
see Triplet. M. trip'lica, see Triplet. 
Monstrositas, mon-stros'it-as. See Monster. 
Monstrosity, mon-stros'it-e. See Monster. M. by 
defect', see Monster. M. by excess', see Monster. M. 
by inclu'sion, monster developed under the theory 
of encasing of germs. M., parasit'ic, form of com- 
pound monstrosity in which a second part or body is 
nourished at the expense of the principal body. 
Mon'strum. Monster or monstrosity. 
Monstruos'itas. Monstrosity. 
Monteggia's dislocation, mon-tej'e-ah's dis-1 o-ka'- 
shun. Dislocation of the hip-joint in which the limb 
is turned outward, and the head of the femur can be 
located near the anterior superior spine of the ilium. 
Montgom'ery's glands. See Mamma. 
Monthlies, munth'lees. Menses. 
Monthly (munth'ly) courses. Menses. M. 111'- 
ness, see Menses. M. pe'riods, menses. 
Mont'icle. Monticulus cerebelli. 
Monticulus, mon-tik'u-lus (dim. of Mons, moun- 
tain). M. carno'sus ure'thrae, caput gallinaginis. 
M. cerebel'li, see Vermiform processes of the cerebel- 
lum. M. ven'eris, mons veneris. 
Mooltan' sore. Local disease of India, due to the 
presence of some animal parasite, as the ova of dis- 
tomata, which are found in foul water. Probably 
identical with the Delhi boil. 
Moon. The moon has been supposed to exert con- 
siderable influence over the body in health and dis- 
ease. This theory has been abandoned; such influ- 
ence has been grossly exaggerated. 
Moon'blindness (improperly ascribed to the moon). 
Hemeralopia. 
Moon'calf. Mole. A foetal monstrosity. 
Moon'ed. Lunatic. 
Moon'seed. Menispermum Canadense. 
Moon'stroke. See Coup de soleil and Insolation. 
Moonstruck, moon'struk. Lunatic. 
Moonwort, moon'wort (moon, wort, herb, so called 
711 
MORBUS 
from its lunate-shaped pinnae). Botrychium lunaria; 
Ophioglossum lunaria. 
Moorberry, moor'ber-re. Vaccinium oxycoccos. 
Moore's meth'od. Method employed in treating 
aneurism by means of a fine iron wire. M.'s test, 
test for sugar; an equal quantity of caustic potash 
or soda is added to urine and boiled, and if sugar is 
present a yellow or brown color results. 
Moor'grass. Potentilla anserina. 
Moor'ill. Gastro-enteritis of cattle. 
Moors'head. Alembic. 
Moor'wort, broad-leaved. Andromeda mariana. 
Moose'wood. Dirca palustris. 
Mope-eye. Myopia. 
Mopheta, mo-fe'tah. See Mephitism. 
Mopsical, mop'se-kal. Myopic. 
Mor'al insan'ity. Affection involving the moral 
powers rather than those of the intellect. 
Morand's foot. Foot with eight toes described by 
him. 
Morbi (mor'be) (pl. of Morbus) acquisi'ti. Ac- 
quired diseases. M. acu'ti, see Acute. M. acutis'- 
simi, see Acute. M. adventi'tii, acquired diseases. 
M. anniversa'rii, annual diseases. M. an'nui, an- 
nual diseases. M. asthen'ici, adynamia. M. cela'ti, 
feigned diseases. M. chron'ici, chronic diseases. M. 
cogna'ti, innate diseases. M. complica'ti, see Compli- 
cation and Impliciti morbi. M. congen'iti, innate dis- 
eases. M. conna'ti, connate diseases. M. connex'i, 
diseases going on together. M. consequen'tes, dis- 
eases that follow one another. M. constricto'rii, 
see Spasmoticus. M. dermato'des, see Dermatoid. 
M. disper'si, sporadic diseases. M. dlssimula'ti, 
feigned diseases. M. epicte'ti, acquired diseases. 
M. evolutio'nis, see Development. M. heredita'rii, 
hereditary diseases. M. homoedri, see Homoedrus. 
M. infitia'ti, feigned diseases. M. interzni, inter- 
nal diseases. M. melancho'lici, see Mercurial. M. 
mercuria'les, see Mercurial. M. nervo'si, nervous 
diseases. M. occul'ti, see Latent. M. olfac'tus, dis- 
eases of olfaction. M. perplex'i, see Complication. 
M. pseuda'lei, feigned diseases. M. recidi'va, re- 
relapse. M. recur'sus, recurrence of disease. M. 
sexua'les, see Sexual. M. sex'us, sexual diseases. 
M. simula/ti, feigned diseases. M. spar's!, sporadic 
diseases. M. spasmot'ici, see Spasmoticus. M. sub- 
acu'ti, see Acute. M. subacutis'simi, see Acute. M. 
tac'tfis, diseases of sense of touch. M. trop'ici, 
tropical diseases. 
Mor'bid. Diseased, or relating to disease. M. 
anat'omy, pathological anatomy; see Anatomy. 
Morbidity, mor-bid'it-e. Morbid condition; also 
sick-rate. Condition inducing disease. 
Morbiferous, mor-bif'er-us (morbus, illness, fero, to 
bear). Morbific. 
Morbific, mor-bif'ik (morbus, facio, to make). Caus- 
ing or producing disease-as morbific emanations. 
Morbility, mor-bil'it-e. Disease. 
Morbilli, mor-bil'le (dim. of Morbus). Eubeola. 
M. confluen'tes, scarlatina. M. hemorrhag'ici, mea- 
sles accompanied with hemorrhagic manifestations 
on the skin, as ecchymoses, etc. M. ig'nei, scarla- 
tina. M. malig'ni, measles with indications of 
serious blood-poisoning, hemorrhages, etc. M. pete- 
chia'les, see Measles. M. sep'tici, malignant measles. 
Morbil'liform. Having resemblance to measles. 
Morbillous, mor-bil'lus. Morbillosus, Measly (mor- 
billi). Affected or connected with measles. 
Morbosus, mor-bo'sus (morbus, disease). Sickly. 
Morbulent, mor'bu-lent (morbus, disease). Sickly. 
Mor'bus. Disease; see Morbi. M. Addiso'ni, see 
Capsule, renal. M. ampulla'ceus, pemphigus. M. 
amyloi'des, see Lardaceous. M. An'glicus, phthisis; 
rhachitis. M. aphrodis'ius, syphilis. M. arcua'tus, 
icterus. M. arie'tis, influenza. M. arqua'tus, 
icterus. M. articula'ris, gout. M. astra'lis, epilep- 
sy. M. atton'itus, apoplexy. M. Basedo'wii, goitre, 
exophthalmic. M. Bright'!!, kidney, Bright's disease 
of the. M. bullo'sus, pemphigus. M. cadu'cus, 
epilepsy. M. cseru'leus, cyanopathy. M. cal'culi, 
lithia. M. Canaden'sis, radezyge. M. cancrifor'mis, MORBUS 
epithelial cancer. M. cardi'acus, cardialgia. M. 
catarrha'lis, influenza. M. catox'ys, see Catoxys. 
M. a Cel'si, catalepsy. M. cerea'lis, ergotism. M. 
cerebra'lls Whyttii, hydrocephalus internus. M. 
ce'reus, see Lardaceous. M. cirrho'rum, plica. M. 
coeli'acus, cceliac flux. M. comitia'lis, epilepsy. M. 
cor'dis, disease of the heart. M. costa'lis, pleuritis. 
M. cox'se, coxarum morbus. M. cox'se seni/lis, see 
Coxarum morbus and Rheumatism, acute. M. coxa'rius, 
coxarum morbus. M. croa'tus, scherlievo. M. cu- 
culla'ris, pertussis. M. cucul'lus, pertussis. M. 
cystophlegmat'icus, cystorrhcea. M. daemoni'acus, 
epilepsy. M. dsemo'nius, epilepsy. M. deif'icus, 
epilepsy. M. dissolu'tus, dysentery. M. Ditmar'si- 
cus, syphilis. M. divi'nus, epilepsy. M. domino'- 
rum, gout. M. el'ephas, elephantiasis. M. ende'- 
mius, endemic. M. epidem'icus, epidemy. M. epi- 
dem'icus gut'turis Forest!, scarlatina. M. erudito'- 
rum, hypochondriasis. M. extrin'secus, external 
disease. M. farcimino'sus, see Equinia. M. febri'lis, 
febrile affection. M. felli'fluus, cholera. M. flatu- 
len'tus, hypochondriasis. M. flatuo'sus, hypochon- 
driasis. M. fluminien'sis, scherlievo. M. foe'dus, epi- 
lepsy. M. foemina'rum, disease of the Scythians. M. 
frig'idus, atrophy. M. Gal'licus, syphilis. M. gestic- 
ulato'rius, chorea. M. granulo'sus re'num, kidney, 
Bright's disease of the. M. gra'vis, see Serious. M. 
hsemorrhoida'lis, hemorrhoids. M. Heracle'us, epi- 
lepsy. M. Hercule'us, epilepsy. M. Hispan'icus, 
syphilis. M. Hungar'lcus, fever, Hungaric. M. 
hydrophob'icus, hydrophobia. M. hypochondri'- 
acus, hypochondriasis. M. hyster'lcus, hysteria. 
M. idiopath'icus, idiopathia. M. In'dicus, syphilis. 
M. infan'tilis, epilepsy. M. interlu'nis, epilepsy. 
M. ischia'dicus, neuralgia femoro-poplitsea. M. 
Ita'licus, syphilis. M. jecin'oris, hepatitis. M. 
larda'ceus, see Lardaceous. M. lasci'vus, chorea. 
M. lateralis or lat'eris, pleuritis. M. la'zari, ele- 
phantiasis. M. lese'oli, icterus. M. lunat'icus, epi- 
lepsy. M. lute'olus, icterus. M. maculo'sus hsemor- 
rhag'icus Werlho'fii, purpura hsemorrhagica. M. 
mag'nus, epilepsy. M. ma'jor, epilepsy. M. marit'- 
imus, sea-sickness. M. medico'rum, disease due to 
abuse of medicine. M. M6nl6re, Meniere's disease, 
M. mensa'lis, epilepsy. M. mercuria'lis, eczema 
mercuriale; hydrargyriasis. M. metal'licus, colic, 
metallic. M. milia'ris, miliaria. M. mirachia'lis, 
hypochondriasis. M. muco'sus, form of mucous flux 
which prevailed in the French army stationed at 
Gottingen about a century ago, due, it was supposed, 
to the presence of an entozoon, the trichocephalus; 
see Fever, adenomeningeal. M. naut'icus, nausea ma- 
rina. M. Neapolita'nus, syphilis. M. ni'ger, mekena. 
M. cesoph'agi, disease of the oesophagus. M. origi- 
na'lis, idiopathia. M. ory'zeus, cholera. M. pal'li- 
dus, chlorosis. M. pancoe'nus, pandemic. M. pan- 
de'mius, pandemic. M. parthe'nius, chlorosis. M. 
Paxto'nii, parasitic disease of the hair of the armpit, 
named after the first full describer. M. pedicula'ris, 
phtheiriasis. M. pe'dis entophyt'icus, disease called 
Madura foot. M. peracu'tus, very acute disease. M. 
phlyctenoi'des, pemphigus. M. phceni'ceus, elephan- 
tiasis. M. pila'ris, trichiasis. M. pleurit'icus, pleuri- 
tis. M. plum'beus, lead-poisoning. M. popula'ris, 
epilepsy. M. porci'nus, essera. M. prima'rius, idio- 
pathia. M. pro'prius, idiopathia. M. proteifor'mis, 
see Proteiformis. M. protopath'lcus, idiopathia. M. 
psoad'icus, lumbar abscess. M. pub'licus, epidemy. 
M. pueri'lis, epilepsy. M. pulicula'ris, typhus gra- 
vior. M. pustulo'sus Fin'nicus, see Anthrax. M. reci- 
di'vus, recurrence of disease, relapse. M. regiona'lis, 
endemic. M. reg'ius, icterus. M. resiccato'rius, hy- 
pochondriasis. M. ructuo'sus, hypochondriasis, eruc- 
tatioh, morbid eructation. M. sa'cer, epilepsy. M. sal- 
tato'rius, chorea. M. Sanc'ti Joan'nis, epilepsy. M. 
Sanc'ti Valenti'ni, epilepsy. M. scarlatino'sus, scar- 
latina. M. sceles'tus, epilepsy. M. scrophulo'sus, 
scrofula. M. secunda'rius, secondary disease. M. 
seleni'acus, epilepsy. M. sidera'tus, epilepsy. M. 
silesi'acus, ergotism. 1 M. sim'plex, simple affection. 
M. solstitia'lis, insolation. M. son'ticus, epilepsy. 
712 
MOROCHITES 
M. spasmod'icus malig'nus or popula'ris, ergotism. 
M. strangulato'rius, cynanche trachealis. M. suda- 
to'rius, sudor anglicus. M. suf'focans, cynanche 
maligna. M. suffocati'vus, cynanche maligna. M. 
testic'uli syphiliticus, see Sarcocele. M. testic'uli 
tuberculo'sus, see Sarcocele. M. truculen'tus infan'- 
tum, cynanche trachealis. M. tuberculo'sus, see Tu- 
bercle and Tubercular cachexia. M. tuberculo'sus pe'- 
dis, podelcoma. M. vermino'sus, helminthiasis. M. 
vernac'ulus, endemic disease. M. verveci'nus, in- 
fluenza. M. vesicula'ris, pemphigus. M. virgin'eus, 
chlorosis. M. viridel'lus, epilepsy. M. vitriola'tus, 
epilepsy. M. vo'cis, disease of the voice. M. vul'- 
pis, alopecia. 
Morchella esculenta, mor-kel'lah es-ku-len'tah. 
Ord. Fungi. Fungus, esteemed a luxury, entering 
into ragouts and other dishes, or cooked itself be- 
tween slices of bacon; has been considered to be 
aphrodisiac. 
Mor'dant (mordeo, to take hold). Possessing the 
property of fixing colors. 
Mordex, mor'deks (1'nordeo, to bite). Tooth. 
Mordicant, mor'de-kant (mordeo, to bite). Morbid 
heat, causing a disagreeable pungent sensation in the 
fingers of the physician. 
Mordica'tion. Biting sensation on the skin. 
Mordices, mor'dis-ees (pl. of Mordex). Teeth. See 
Tooth. 
Morea, mo're-ah. Morus nigra. 
More'se sisyrin'chium. Spanish nut iris; muci- 
laginous and pectoral. 
Morell, common. Morchella esculenta. 
Moretarium, mo-re-tah're-um. Mortar. 
Moreto'sia huani'ta. Plant of Michoacan, bark of 
which is astringent and antiperiodic. 
Moretum, mo-re'tum. Kind of salad, with the an- 
cient Romans, made of garlic, parsley, vinegar, oil, 
etc. 
Moretus, mo-re'tus (mor urn, mulberry). Ancient 
name of a cordial julep into the composition of which 
the syrup of mulberries entered. 
Morgagni (mor-gan'yee) colum'nae rec'tse (straight 
columns of Morgagni). Plicae situated in rectum. 
M., hu'mor or liq'uor of, peculiar, transparent, 
slightly viscid fluid found between the crystalline 
and its capsule. 
Morgag'nian cat'aract. Variety of cataract, with 
a hard centre suspended in liquid. M. hydat'id, see 
Hydatid. M. si'nuses, sinuses of Valsalva. 
Morgue, morg. Mortuary. A dead-house wherein 
persons, found dead, are exposed with the view of 
being recognized by their friends. 
Mori succus, mo're suk'kus. See Morus nigra. 
Moria, mo're-ah. Idiotism. M. de'mens, idiotism, 
dementia. M. de'mens lere'ma, see Dementia. M. 
imbeci'lis amne'sia, amnesia. 
Moribund, mor'e-bund (morior, to die). Dying; in 
articulo mortis. 
Morin'da citrifo'lia. Indian mulberry; emmena- 
gogue, astringent. M. umbella'ta, of E. Indies; ver- 
mifuge and antidysenteric. 
Morin'dar. C28H30O15. From Morinda citrifolia. 
Moringa aptera, mo-rin'gah ap'ter-ah (Muringo 
in Malabar). See Guilandina moringa. M., nux, ben, 
Guilandina moringa. M. oleif'era, Guilandina mo- 
ringa. M. pterygosper'ma, Guilandina moringa. 
M. Zeylan'ica, Guilandina moringa. 
Morion, mo're-on (part, member). Genital organ; 
penis. 
Morioplastice, mo-re-o-plas'tis-e (morion, plastilcos, 
forming). Restoration of lost parts. Plastic sur- 
gery. 
Mo'rioplasty. Morioplastice; antiplasty; plastic 
surgery. 
Morn'ing sick'ness. See Pregnancy. 
Morn'ing-glo'ry, blue. Convolvulus nil. 
Mo'ro (morum, mulberry). Mor urn. Small abscess 
resembling a mulberry. Small tumor, of a similar 
appearance, particularly on the genital organs after 
impure coition. 
Morochites, mo-ro-ke'tees. Morochthus. MOROCHTHUS 
Morochthus (mo-rok'thus) or Moroch'tus. Egyp- 
tian stone used by the ancients as an application to 
the intertrigo of children. 
Morocomium, mo-ro-ko'me-um (moria, folly, idiocy, 
komeo, to care for). Merotrophium. 
Morodochium, mo-ro-dok'e-um (moria, folly, idiocy, 
dechomai, to receive). Morotrophium. 
Moronobea coccinea, mo-ro-no'be-ah cok-se'ne-ah. 
Hog gum tree, ord. Clusiaceas, native of Brazil. Af- 
fords a resin which is substituted for balsam of 
copaiba. 
Morosis, mo-ro'sis. Delirium with imbecility; 
idiotism. 
Morositates, mo-ros-it-at'ees (pl. of Morositas) (wio- 
rosus, morose, peevish, fretful). Generic name given 
by Linnaeus to an order of Vesaniae, in which he in- 
cluded bulimia, polydipsia, nostalgia, panophobia, 
satyriasis, nymphomania, tarentismus, hydrophobia, 
and other affections. 
Morotrophium, mor-o-trof'eum (mor os, fatuity, 
trophe, support). An insane establishment, lunatic 
asylum, mad-house, bedlam. 
Morphaea, mor-fe'ah. Term vaguely applied to 
scurfy eruptions on the face. Morphsea was formerly 
applied to squamous diseases in general, and is now 
used by some dermatologists for white tubercle of 
the face. M. al'ba, lepra alphoides. M. ni'gra, lepra 
nigricans. 
Morphew, mor'few. Morphsea. 
Morphia, mor'fe-ah (Morpheus, god of sleep). Mor- 
phium, morphine. Solid colorless alkali, crystalliz- 
able in beautiful pyramids, truncated and transpar- 
ent; soluble in alcohol, and slightly so in boiling 
water. It exists, combined with meconic acid, in 
opium. It may be obtained, by decomposing by 
means of ammonia or calcined magnesia, an aque- 
ous solution of opium made in the cold. Morphia 
dissolves perfectly in acids, which it saturates; and 
with which it forms very crystallizable salts, with 
the exception of the acetate. All these salts have 
a bitter taste, and act upon the animal economy 
in the same manner as opium, but more power- 
fully. The acetate is the salt commonly employed 
in medicine. It was at one time supposed that mor- 
phia is the purely sedative part of opium, divested 
of its irritating properties; but experience has not 
confirmed this. On the contrary, it will generally 
disagree where opium does. One-sixth of a grain has 
been considered equal to a grain of opium. M., ac'- 
etate of, morphise acetas. M. an'isate, white soluble 
powder. M. ben'zoate, white powder, used, like 
muriate of morphia, in asthma. M., bimec'onate 
of, morphines bimeconas, a preparation of morphia, 
officinal, in the form of solution, in the Ph. Br. 
M., bo'rate, employed for collyria and for hypoder- 
mic injection. M., bro'mide of, morphias bromidum. 
M., ci'trate of, see Morphi.se sulphas. M. habit, mor- 
phinomania. M., hydri'odate, morphias hydriodas. 
M. hydrobro'mate, bromhydras morphica. M., hy- 
drochlo'rate of, see Morphise sulphas. M., lac'tate 
of, see Morphise sulphas. M. loz'enges, trochisci mor- 
phines; each contains gr. of morphine (Ph. Br.). 
M., mu'riate of, see Morphise sulphas. M., sul'phate 
of, morphias sulphas. M. suppos'itories, each con- 
tains gr. J of morphine (Ph. Br.). M. suppos'itories 
with soap, suppositoria morphines cum sapone (Ph. 
Br.). M. and zinc, double i'odide of, zinc and 
morphia, double iodide of. 
Mor'phise ace'tas. Morphinae acetas (Ph. U. S. and 
Br.), Acetate of morphine or of morphia. Salt formed 
by saturating morphia with acetic acid (morphin. 
hydrochlorat., ; solution of ammonia, acetic acid, 
distilled water, aa q. s., and evaporate); dose, gr. 
M. bro'midum, Bromide of morphia or morphine. Com- 
pound formed by the action of solution of bromide of 
potassium on a solution of morphia; given in a syrup, 
each drachm representing one-eighth of a grain, espe- 
cially in such cases as require a combination of the 
sedative action of morphia with the peculiar effects 
of the bromides. M. ci'tras, see Morphise sulphas. 
M. hydrochlo'ras, see Morphise sulphas. M. mu'rias, 
713 
MORPHONOMY 
see Morphias sulphas. M. sul'phas, Sulphate of mor- 
phia, S. of morphine. Salt formed like the acetate by 
saturating morphia with sulphuric acid, evaporating 
and crystallizing; dose, the same as of the acetate. 
It is the preparation of morphia usually employed in 
medicine. 
Lactate, Muriate, and Citrate of morphia or morphine, 
Morphia or Morphines citras, have likewise been used; 
they possess little or no advantages over the other 
salts. Sulphate and muriate are officinal in the Ph. 
U. S. The muriate or hydrochlorate-Morphines 
hydrochloras (Ph. U. S. and Br.)-is given in dose of 
from |th of a grain to half a grain. 
Morphiated, mor'fe-a-ted. Morphinated. Impreg- 
nated with morphia or with one of its salts; affected 
with morphia. 
Morphic, mor'fik (morphe, shape or form). Eelating 
to the anatomical shape or conformation of a part. 
Applied also in pharmacy to any composition of 
morphia. 
Morphica, mor'fik-ah (morphe, shape). Monstros- 
ities of birth. 
Morphina, mor-fe'nah (Ph. U. S.). Morphine, 
C17H19NO3H2O. See Morphia. 
Morphi'nae ace'tas (Ph. IT. S). Morphise acetas. 
M. ci'tras, morphise citras. M. hydrochlo'ras (Ph. 
U. S. and Br.), see Morphies sulphas. M. sul'phas 
(Ph. U. S. and Br.), morphiae sulphas. 
Morphinated, mor'fe-na-ted. Morphiated. 
Morphine, mor'feen. Morphia. 
Morphinism, mor'feen-izm. Diseased condition 
brought about by abuse of morphine. 
Morphinoma'nia or Morphioma'nia. Craving for 
morphine; morphine habit, whether the drug be 
swallowed or taken hypodermatically; mania from 
use of morphia or from abstinence from it. 
Morphiom'etry (morphia, metron, measure). Deter- 
mination of amount of morphia in opium or other 
drug. 
Morphiophagy, mor-fe-of'aj-e (morphia, phago, to 
eat). Opium or morphia eating. 
Morphium, mor'fe-um. Morphina. M. ace'ticum, 
morphinae acetas. 
Morpho, mor'fo (morphe, shape or form). In com- 
position, shape or form. 
Morphcea, mor-fe'ah (morphe, form). Addison's 
keloid. Circumscribed scleroderma (Wilson's mor- 
phcea). Cutaneous affection caused by deposit of a 
lardaceous substance, which by its pressure obliterates 
the more highly organized tissues, such as the vessels, 
glands, and nerves. When very white it is called 
Morphoea alba; when attended with pigmentary de- 
posit, it is called M. nigra ; with atrophy, Jf. atrophica; 
when in bands or lines, Linear atrophy. M. flam'- 
mea, naevus vascularis. M., Wilson's, see Morphoea. 
Morphogenesis, mor-fo-jen'es-is (morphe, shape, gen- 
esis, production). Morphosis. 
Morphogeny, mor-foj'en-e. Development of shape. 
Morphography, mor-fog'ra-fe (morphe, shape, 
grapho, to write). Descriptive morphology. 
Morphological, mor-fo-loj'ik-al (morpho, logos, a de- 
scription). That which relates to the anatomical 
conformation of parts. Applied at times to the altera- 
tions in the form of the several parts of the embryo, 
in contradistinction to histological, which is applied 
to the transformation by which the tissues are grad- 
ually generated. In comparative anatomy it is ap- 
plied to the history of the modifications of forms 
which the same organ undergoes in different animals, 
and more generally to the doctrine of the forms of 
organized bodies. 
Morphology, mor-fol'o-je. Anatomy. See Morpho- 
logical. 
Morpholysis, mor-fol'is-is (morpho, lusis, solution). 
Destruction of organization. An agent occasioning 
such destruction is called a morpholytic. 
Morpholytic, mor-fo-lit'ik. See Morpholysis. 
Morphometry, mor-fom'et-re (morpho, form, metron, 
measure). Measurement or estimation of the exter- 
nal form. 
Morphonomy, mor-fon'o-me (morpho, nomos, law). MORPHONOSUS 
Law of organic formation. Department of anatom- 
ical science which teaches the laws of organic con- 
figuration. 
Morphonosus, mor-fon'o-sus (morphe, nosos, disease). 
Morbid change of shape or form. 
Morphosis, mor-fo'sis (morphe, form). Morbid for- 
mation ; organic disease. 
Morphotic, mor-fot'ik (morphe, shape). Term ap- 
plied to organic or anatomical elements in contradis- 
tinction to the inorganic. 
Morphotomy, mor-fot'o-me (morpho, tome, incision). 
General anatomy. See Anatomy. 
Morpio, mor'pe-o. See Pediculus. 
Mor'pion. Crab-louse. See Pediculus. 
Morrhua Americana, mor'rhu-ah am-er-ik-an'ah. 
See Oleum morrhuse. 
Mor'rhuse o'leum. See Oleum. 
Mor'rhuic ac'id. C9H13NO3. Ptomaine obtained 
from brown cod-liver oil. See Ptomaines (table). 
Morrhuine, mor'rhu-een (gadus morrhua, cod-fish). 
C19H27N3. Ptomaine from cod-liver oil, from mother 
liquors of aselline. An alkaline, oily, thick liquid; 
diuretic and diaphoretic. See Ptomaines (table). 
Mor'rhuol. Alcoholic extract from oleum mor- 
finis, used in phthisis, scrofula, etc., and containing 
iodine, bromine, and phosphorus, and prescribed in- 
stead of cod-liver oil, especially when the latter dis- 
agrees with the stomach. 
Mors. Death. M., appar'ent, apparent death; 
asphyxia. M. ni'gra, black death-plague. M. pu'- 
tativa, apparent death; asphyxia. M. repenti'na, 
sudden death. 
Mor'sal (mordeo, morsum, to bite). Relating to the 
biting or grinding edge of a tooth. 
Morsellus, mor-sel'lus (dim. of Morsus, a bite) or 
Mo r'sulus. Tablet or lozenge. 
Mor'sus (mordeo, morsum, to bite). Gnawing sensa- 
tion about the upper orifice of the stomach. M. di- 
ab'oli, scabiosa succisa; fimbriae of oviduct; see Tube, 
Fallopian. M. Galli'nse, alsine media. M. stom'- 
achi, cardialgia. M. ventric'uli, cardialgia. 
Mort. Adeps. 
Morta, mor'tah. Pemphigus. 
Mor'tai (mors, death). Lethal. That which is sub- 
ject to death or that which causes death-as, man is 
mortal, a disease is mortal. Of old it was the cus- 
tom to have a division of mortal or deadly wounds, 
which gave rise to many errors in medico-legal inves- 
tigations, as the mortality-Lethalitas, Letalitas, Leth- 
ality-of wounds depends upon various circumstances. 
Results of modern treatment render such a division 
untenable. 
Mortality, mor-tal'it-e. This word, taken in an 
extended sense, expresses the condition of all organ- 
ized bodies of being subject to the cessation of life. 
In the sense in which it is most frequently employed 
it signifies the death-rate--the proportional number 
of individuals who, in a certain population, die in a 
given time. If we assume the population of the 
earth to be one thousand millions (and it is consider- 
ably more than this), and a generation to last thirty- 
three years, in that space of time the one thousand 
millions must all die, and, consequently, the number 
of deaths will be, by approximation- 
Each year 30,000,000 
Each day 82,191 
Each hour 3,424 
Each minute 57 
Each second 1 nearly. 
If, on the other hand, as has been supposed, the 
number of deaths is to that of births as ten to twelve, 
there will be born- 
Each year 36,000,000 
Each day 98,657 
Each hour 4,110 
Each minute 68 
Each second 
It would not be proper to regard the value of life 
in different countries, or in different periods in the 
«ame country, to be indicated by the average mor- 
714 
MOSCHUS 
tality, inasmuch as in one case a greater mortality- 
may occur amongst children, and in another amongst 
adults. M., bills of, Bills of necrology, Mortuary reg- 
isters ; tables instituted for the purpose of exhibiting 
the number of deaths, etc. in a given time. In Eng- 
land they were formerly made out by the parish 
clerks, and the information was conveyed to them 
by two old women who were appointed in each 
parish, and were called Searchers, their duty being 
to see that the deceased had died a natural death. 
Mor'tar. Vessel for reducing to powder different 
solid substances, and for making certain mixtures. 
Usually made of iron, marble, glass, wedgwood- 
ware, etc. 
Mortariolum, mor-tar-e'o-lum (dim. of Mortarium, 
mortar, or cavity resembling a mortar). Alveolus. 
Mortarium, mor-ta're-um. Mortar. The trunk. 
Mortifer, mor'te-fer {mors, death, fero, to carry). 
Producing death; lethiferous. 
Mortificatio, mor-te-fe-kah'she-o {mors, death, fio, to 
become). Mortification. M. pulmo'num, gangrene 
of the lungs; necropneumonia. 
Mortification, mor-te-fe-ka'shun. Sphacelation; loss 
of vitality in a part of the body. The incipient stage 
of mortification, when the case is still recoverable, is 
called Gangrene ; when totally dead, Sphacelus. Mor- 
tification of a bone is called necrosis. M., cold, 
sphacelus. M., er'got, ergotism. M., hot, gangrene. 
M., mil'dew, ergotism. M. root, Althaea officinalis. 
Mor'tified. Dead, as a part affected with gangrene. 
Mortisec'tion. Post-mortem examination. 
Mor'ton, plane of. Plane extending through prin- 
cipal points of parietal and occipital eminences. 
Morton's painful affection of the foot (from Dr. 
Thomas G. Morton of Philadelphia, who first described 
it). A painful affection of the plantar digital nerves, 
directly caused by pressure upon or pinching of them 
by certain portions of the metatarso-phalangeal artic- 
ulations, especially the fourth. M.'s solu'tion, potass, 
iodidi, gr. xxx; iodini, gr. x; glycerini, ; for in- 
jection in treatment of spina bifida. M.'s toe, Mor- 
ton's painful affection of the foot. 
Mor'tooth. Cupri sulphas. 
Mortuary, mor'tu-a-re {mortuus, dead). Relating to 
the dead. See Morgue. M. registers, mortality, bills of. 
Mor'tuus {mors, death). Dead. 
Morula, mor'u-lah {morus, mulberry). Button 
scurvy. Period of development of ovum after seg- 
mentation ; mulberry mass or segmentation spheres. 
The cells are called blastomeres. 
Mo'rum {moron). See Morus nigra. Condyloma; 
nsevus. M. pal'pebrae inter'nse, trachoma caruncu- 
losum. 
Mo'rus al'ba. White mulberry tree of China; 
diuretic, laxative, antiperiodic, anthelmintic. M. 
In'dica, leaves are galoctagogue. M. ni'gra, Mulberry 
tree, ord. Urticacese; fruit of the mulberry tree, Mo- 
rum sycaminum ; pleasant, sweet, subacid, and abounds 
with a deep violet-colored juice, Mori succus (Ph. Br.). 
The bark of the root has been regarded as an anthel- 
mintic. M. ru'bra, Red mulberry, Wild mulberry; in- 
digenous; the root has been used to destroy taenia. 
M. tincto'ria, Maclura tinctoria. 
Mor'van's disease. Disease characterized by ul- 
ceration and necrosis of the fingers, with progressive 
anaesthesia, especially of the extremities; analgesic 
paresis of the extremities. 
Morve. Equinia. 
Mos. Habit. M. mor'bi benig'nus or malig'nus, 
benign or malignant character of a disease. 
Mosa'ic. Having shape of a pattern or design, as 
seen in cross-section of muscular fibres, M. of muscle- 
compartments, and M. of muscle-prisms. 
Moschardlna (mos-kar-de'nah) or Moscer'da 
{moschos, musk). Lozenge for the mouth, composed 
of musk, ambergris, and other aromatics. Catechu. 
Moschatine, mos'kah-teen. Bitter principle ob- 
tained from Achillea moschata. C21H27N07. 
Moschelaeon, mos-kel-e'on {moschos, musk, elaion, 
oil). Compound aromatic oil containing musk. 
Moschus, mosk'us. See Musk. M. A'rabum, MOSCOLZEA 
Hibiscus abelmoschus. M., factitious, musk, arti- 
ficial. M. tinc'ture, 10 per cent, in strength. Dose, 
3jss. 
Moscolsea, mos-ko-le'ah. Moschelseon. 
Moslich, mos'lik. Maslach. 
Mosqui'ta. See Mosquito. 
Mosquito, mos-ke'to (S. dim. of mosca, fly). Mus- 
quito, Culex mosquito. Very troublesome insect in 
warm, moist situations. Pain and itching from the 
bites are alleviated by washing them with hartshorn. 
The idea has been entertained that disease may be 
conveyed by it. Mosquita is a name given by the 
Portuguese to small red pimples on the skin resem- 
bling mosquito-bites. 
Moss, Carrageen'. Irish moss. M., Ceylon', Fucus 
amylaceus. M., Chinese', agar-agar. M., club, lyco- 
podium. M., Cor'sican, helminthochorton. M. cup, 
Lichen pyxidatus. M., ed'ible, Fucus amylaceus. M., 
hair'cap, Polytrichum juuiperinum. M., Ice'land, 
Lichen Islandicus; see Muscus. M., Irish, Chondrus 
crispus. M., Jaff'na, Fucus amylaceus. M., pearl, 
Chondrus crispus. M., pec'toral, see Muscus. M., 
stone, lichen of Arctic regions of N. America, used 
as food. M., wall, com'mon yel'low, Parmelia 
parietina. 
Mossberry, moss-ber're. Vaccinium oxycoccos. 
Motamen, mo-tam'en (moveo, motum, to move). Mo- 
tion. 
Mota'rion. Charpie. 
Motatio, mo-tah'she-o. Motion. 
Mo'te. Carbasus linteum. M., mul'lein, Verbas- 
cum blattaria. 
Moth freck'le. Chloasma. M. patch, chloasma. 
Mother, muth'er. Parent of female sex. Hysteria. 
Phlegm. Residue in a solution. M. cell, parent cell. 
M. liq'uor, M. water. M. of vin'egar, mycoderma 
aceti; possesses the power to convert a solution con- 
taining sugar into vinegar. M. water, fluid remaining 
after evaporation of solutions containing salts and 
after removing crystals. 
Moth'er's marks. Naevus; pigmentosus; angeioma. 
M. spots, naevus. 
Motherwort, muth'er-wurt. Leonurus cardiaca, 
matricaria. 
Motile, mo'til. Motory. 
Motility, mo-til'it-e (moveo, motum, to move). Fac- 
ulty of moving; moving power; contractility. 
Motion, mo'shun. Movement; act of changing 
place. The various motions may be divided into- 
first, the voluntary, or those that are executed under 
the influence of the brain; secondly, the involuntary, 
which may be subdivided into-first, those of the 
reflex kind, as the closure of the larynx on the con- 
tact of acrid vapors; of the pharynx on that of the 
food; a function of the spinal marrow, reflex spinal 
act; and, secondly, those that are executed under 
the organic and other nerves of involuntary func- 
tion. It is probable, too, that every living tissue is 
capable of moving responsive to its appropriate irri- 
tant. See Irritability. The movements seen when- 
ever very fine particles are disseminated in a liquid 
and all dust sufficiently divided, and which have 
been considered phenomena of osmosis, have been 
called Brownian movements, after Dr. Robert Brown, the 
celebrated phytologist. M., cil'iary, see Cilia. M., 
invol'untary, see Automatic. M. point, point at 
which a motor nerve enters a muscle; in applying 
electricity the electrode is placed over this point. 
M. root, nerve-root serving only to excite motion. 
M., vi'bratory, see Ciliary. M., vol'untary, motion 
entirely under control of the will. 
Motive, mo'tiv. Motory. 
Mo'tor (pl. Moto'res). Exciting or inducing motion 
in a part or organ. Motory. M. a'rea, convolutions 
about upper part of fissure of Rolando. M. cel'lule, cell, 
motor. M. cen'tre, M. area. M. exter'nus, motor oculi 
externus. M. lin'guse, hypoglossal nerve. M. ner'vous 
cen'tres, see Motorium commune and Centre. M. oc'uli, 
motores oculorum. M. oc'uli exter'nus, sixth pair of 
nerves, arises from the furrow which separates the pons 
Varolii from the medulla oblongata. It enters the cav- 
715 
MOUSTACHE 
ernous sinus, anastomoses on the outside of the carotid 
artery with two filaments furnished by the superior 
cervical ganglion, enters the orbit by the sphenoidal 
fissure, and is lost on the rectus externus oculi. This 
pair is also called Abducentes. M.. oculo'rum, Common 
oculomuscular nerves, Third pair of nerves, Par tertium, 
arises from a depression at the inner side of the pe- 
duncles of the brain, between the tuber annulare and 
corpora mammillaria; it enters the outer part of the 
cavernous sinus and passes into the orbitar cavity. 
Behind the sphenoidal fissure it divides into two 
branches, the one superior and the other inferior. 
The former is lost on the rectus superior oculi and 
the levator palpebrae superioris; the latter-the larger 
of the two-divides into three branches, which pass 
to the rectus internus, rectus inferior, and lesser ob- 
lique. The last furnishes a filament which passes to 
the ophthalmic ganglion. M. points, point of en- 
trance of a motor nerve into a muscle. Over this 
point the application of an electrode produces con- 
traction. M. root, spinal root of a nerve producing 
motion only. 
Motorial, mo-to're-al. Motory. M. end-plates, ter- 
mination of minute filaments of nerves in small disks 
or plates; see End-plates. 
Motorium commune, mo-to're-um kom-mu'ne. Mo- 
tor nervous centre. Hemispherical and other ganglia 
whence the motor influence sets out. 
Moto'rius. Motor. M. lin'guse, hypoglossal nerve. 
M. oc'uli commu'nis, motor oculorum. 
Motorpathy, mo'tor-path-e (motor,pathos, affection). 
Kinesipathy; medical gymnastics. 
Motory, mo'to-re. Motive, Motor, Motorial, Motile, 
Kinetic or Cinetic. That which moves or causes or 
possesses movement, as motor nerves, in contradistinc- 
tion to sensory nerves. 
Mo'tos. Lint, charpie, tent. 
Motosis, mo-to'sis. Application of lint to a wound. 
Motricity, mo-tris'it-e. The power of exciting or 
conveying motor impulses. 
Motrix, mo'triks (moveo, motum, to move). Motory. 
Mo'tum. Lint, charpie. 
Mo'tus (moveo, motum, to move). Motion. M. as- 
similatio'nis, plastic force. M. automations, see 
Automatic. M. compresso'rius, peristole. M. cor'- 
dis diastal'ticus, diastole. M. hsemorrhoidaTis, 
hsemorrhois. M. intestina'lis or intestino'rum, bor- 
borygmus. M. involunta'rius, see Autocinesis. M. 
peristal'ticus, peristole. M. testudin'eus, peristole. 
M. vermicula'ris, peristole. M. voluntar'ius, auto- 
cinesis. 
Mould (modulus, dim. of modus, a measure, or stand- 
ard of measure). Fontanelle. Fungus. 
Mould'ed ni'trate of sil'ver. Argentum nitricum 
fusum. 
Moulting, molt'ing (muto, to change). Desquama- 
tion. 
Mounding. Condition observed in latter stages of 
ataxia, in which the fibres of a muscle rise into a 
mass when firmly struck. 
Mountain (moun'tan) ash. Sorbus acuparia. M. 
ash, American, Sorbus Americana. M. balm, Erio- 
dictyon Californicum. M. bu'gle, Ajuga pyramidalis. 
M. cure, kinesipathy; cure of disease by residence 
in high altitudes. M. dam'son, see Damson. M. 
fe'ver, fever, mountain. M. flax, Linum catharti- 
cum or Polygala senega. M. grape, Berberis aquifo- 
lium. M. lau'rel, Kalmia latifolia. M. machineel, 
Rhus metopium. M. mint, see Pycnanthemum. M. 
pine, see Pine. M. ser'vice, Sorbus acuparia. M. 
sick'ness, puna; marca. M. su'mach, Rhus copal- 
lina. M. tea, Gaultheria procumbens. M. tobac'co, 
Arnica montana. 
Mounting fluids. Solutions employed in mount- 
ing microscopical specimens, as iodine, gum dammar, 
glycerine, etc. 
Mouse ear. Alsine media, Hieracium pilosella. M., 
joint, floating cartilage in joints. M. sight, myopia. 
Moussenine, moos'en-een. Alkaloid from bark of 
Albrizzia anthelmintica. 
Moustache. Mystax. MOUTH 
Mouth. This word sometimes signifies the cavity 
situate between the jaws, and containing the tongue, 
etc.; at others, the outer orifice of that cavity, Peri- 
stomium, Vestibulum oris. The mouth, in the first ac- 
ceptation, Caritas or Carum or Spatium oris, is the cav- 
ity bounded above by the palatine arch ; below, by 
the tongue ; before, by the lips; and behind, by the 
velum palati and pharynx. The sides of the mouth 
and the organs it contains are lined by a mucous mem- 
brane. The anterior aperture of the mouth is some- 
times called facial; the posterior, pharyngeal. In 
the mouth are the teeth, gums, alveolar margins, 
tongue, the excretory ducts of the salivary glands, 
and those of a number of mucous follicles, etc. In 
this cavity the food is cut, torn, or bruised by the 
teeth, is impregnated with saliva, and formed into a 
mass or bolus, which is then subjected to the act of 
deglutition. The mouth contains the organs of taste, 
and serves in respiration, articulation, expectoration, 
suction, etc. The condition of the mouth requires to 
be attended to in semeiology. The state of the mucous 
membrane, like that of the tongue, indicates the con- 
dition of the membrane of the alimentary canal 
generally. Mouth, Os, is also applied to the open ex- 
tremity of vessels or other canals. M., primitive, 
blastopore. M. root, coptis. M. sore, aphthae. 
Mouth-wa'tering. See Salivation. 
Mov'able kid'ney. Floating kidney. M. liv'er, 
mobile condition of the liver occasionally existing, 
and depending on exceptional length of the ligaments 
of that organ. 
Move'ment (tnoreo, motum, to move). Dejection; 
motion. M., am oe'bold, see Amoeba. M., Brown/ian, 
see Motion. M., cil'iary, see Cilia. M. cure, kinesip- 
athy. M., vermic'ular, peristalsis. M., vi'bratile, 
M., ciliary. 
Mow'er's mite. Leptothrix autumnalis. 
Moxa, mok'sah. Moxiburium. Word by which the 
Chinese and Japanese designate a cottony substance 
which they prepare by beating the dried leaves of 
the Artemisia moxa, a kind of mugwort used as a 
cautery. In Europe and this country the same kind 
of cautery is usually practised with a cylinder of 
cotton-wool or with one formed from the pith of the 
greater sunflower. This mode of cauterization is em- 
ployed as a powerful counter-irritant. The term 
moxa has been extended to any substance which by 
gradual combustion on or near the skin is employed 
as a counter-irritant, as the electric or galvanic moxa 
or cautery, in which voltaic electricity is employed 
as the cauterizing agent. 
Mox'a-bearer. Porte-moxa; instrument for apply- 
ing the moxa. 
Moxiburium, moks-e-bu're-um (moxa, buro, for uro, 
to burn). Moxa. 
Moxibustion, moks-e-bus'tchun. Mode of cauteriza- 
tion by means of the moxa. 
Moxocausis, moks-o-kaw'sis (moxa, Icausis, burn- 
ing). Moxibustion. 
Moxosphyra, moks-o-sfe'rah (moxa, sphura, ham- 
mer). Counter-irritation by means of a hammer 
heated in boiling water and placed on the skin. 
Mucago, mu-kah'go (mucus). Mucilage. Mucus. 
Muccinium, muk-sin'e-um (mucus). Mucilage. 
Mucedin, mu'se-din. Constituent of wheat gluten, 
soluble in alcohol. 
Mucedo, mu-sa'do. Mucilage; mucus. 
Mucic acid, mu'sik as'id. Acid obtained when 
sugar of milk, gum, mucilage, etc. are subjected to 
the action of nitric acid; white crystalline powder. 
Muciflc, mu-sif'ik (mucus, facio, to make). Pro- 
ducing mucus; blennogenous. 
Muciflux'us. Blennorrhagia. 
Muciform, mu'se-form (mucus, forma, form). Ee- 
sembling mucus in character or appearance. 
Mucigen, mu'se-jen (mucus, gennao, to form). Mu- 
cus-forming substance. Substance existing in mucous 
membranes and some glands, which is changed into 
mucin. 
Mucilage, mu'sil-aje (mwcas), Mixture of gum and 
a small quantity of matter analogous to mucus, which 
716 
S MUCOID 
is found in abundance in linseed, quinceseed, etc.; 
obtained by heating in water the parts or products 
of plants which contain it; much used in the prep- 
aration of emollient cataplasms and the greater part 
of the demulcent tisanes. See Liquor sanguinis. M., 
an'imal, mucus. M. of bar'ley, mucilago hordei. 
M. of gum aca'cia or of gum ara'bic, mucilago 
acacise. M. of quince-seeds, decoctum cydoniae. 
M. of rice, see Oryza. M. of salep', mucilago salep. 
M. of sas'safras pith, infusum sassafras medulla?. 
M. of slip'pery elm bark, infusum ulmi. M., starch, 
mucilago amyli. M. of tra'gacanth, mucilago as- 
tragali tragacanthi. 
Mucilaginous, mu-sil-aj'in-us. Gummy; resem- 
bling gum; possessing the character of mucilage. M. 
glands, Haversian glands. 
Mucilago, mu-se-lah'go. Mucilage; mucilago aca- 
cise; synovia. M. aca'cise (Ph. U. S. and Br.). In 48 
fluidounces of this preparation-a solution of gum 
arabic in water-there are 19 ounces and 130 grains 
of the gum; Mucilage of acacia, M. of gum arabic or 
gum acacia (acacise, jjiv; aquae, q. s. to make f §ix). 
Demulcent; to allay cough, but chiefly to suspend 
insoluble matters in water. M. am'yli, Starch muci- 
lage (amyli, 5ij; aquae destill., Ph. Br.). De- 
mulcent ; generally given per anum. M. articulo'- 
rum or junctura'rum, synovia. M. astrag'ali trag- 
acan'thse, M. tragacanthae (Ph. JJ. S.), Mucilage of 
tragacanth (gr. cxc; glycerin, aquae, q. s. to 
make Used for pharmaceutical purposes. M. 
cre'tica, misturae cretae. M. cydo'nii (Ph. U. S.) 
(cydon., gr. xxxvj ; aquae destillat., f Used as 
an external application in conjunctivitis, and as a 
medium for injections in gonorrhoea. M. gum'mi 
Arab'ici, M. acaciae. M. hor'dei, Mucilage of barley 
(hordei, aquae, f Vehicle for substances 
given in enemata. M. sas'safras, see Jh/wswm sassa- 
fras. H. sas'safras medul'lae, mucilage of sassafras 
pith (sassafras pith, gr. xxxvj ; water, Used 
as application in conjunctivitis, and as a drink in 
fevers and inflammation of mucous membranes. M. 
sem'inis cydo'nii ma'li, decoctum cydonii. M. trag- 
acan'thse (Ph. U. S. and Br.), M. astragali tragacanthae. 
M. of elm (elm, gr. cviij ; boiling 
water, f Demulcent and nutritious drink; 
soothing application externally in erysipelas, boils, 
etc.; infusum ulmi. 
Mucin, mu'sin. Albuminoid substance character- 
istic of mucus; occurring also in saliva, synovia, etc. 
Mucinoid, mu'sin-oid. Resembling mucin. M. 
glob'ulin, proteid existing in lymph-cells. 
Mucinous, mu'sin-us. Containing or relating to 
mucin. M. cysts, mucous cysts. M. exuda'tions, 
exudations from mucous inflammation, as character- 
istic as fibrinous exudations are of inflammation of 
fibrous structures. 
Mucinuria, mu-sin-u're-ah. Condition in which 
urine contains mucin. 
Muciparous, mu-sip'ar-us {mucus, pario, to bring 
forth). Mucus-producing, as muciparous glands or 
follicles. 
Mucitis, mu-se'tis. Inflammation of a mucous 
membrane. 
Mucocarneous, mu-ko-kar'ne-us {mucus, caro, carnis, 
flesh). See Myxosarcoma. 
Mucocele, mu-ko-se'le (Eng. mu'ko-seel) {mucus, 
kele, rupture). Enlargement or protrusion of the 
mucous membrane of the lacrymal passages, giving 
occasion to fistula lacrymalis, the secretion becoming 
thick and muco-purulent in character; Blennorrhaia 
of the sac. Also dropsy of the lacrymal sac. 
Mucoderm, mu'ko-durm {mucus, derma, skin). Cor- 
dium. 
Muco-enteritis, mu'ko-en-ter-e'tis. Inflammation 
of the mucous membrane of the intestines. 
Mucoid, mu'koid {mucus, eidos, resemblance). Re- 
sembling mucus. M. degenera'tion, mucoid soften- 
ing. M. or Mu'cous soft'ening, Mucoid or Mucous 
degeneration; gradual liquefaction of a part, as of 
cartilage, by the conversion of its albuminous mat- 
ters into mucin. It has sometimes, but inaccurate- MUCONIC ACID 
ly, been described as colloid softening. JUL. tu'mor, 
myxoma. 
Muconic acid, mu-kon'ik as'id. Acid obtained 
from mucic acid. 
Mucopurulent, mu-ko-pur'u-lent (mucus, pus). Hav- 
ing the character or appearance of mucus and pus. 
Muco-pus. 
Muco-pus, mu'ko-pus. See Mucopurulent. 
Mucor, mu'kor. Corruption of the humors. Mucus. 
Genus of mucorinous moulds. M. corym'bifer, species 
occurring on bread made of wheat when kept at tem- 
perature of the body, and also observed in the auditory 
meatus. Pathogenic to rabbits when injected sub- 
cutaneously. M. mu'ado, see Rubeola. M. muce'do, 
see Fungus. M. na'rium, nasal mucus. M. phy- 
com'yces, grease-mould. M. racemo'sus, mould oc- 
curring on beer-yeast. M. vulga'ris, mucor mucedo. 
Mucosa (mu-ko'sah) membra'na. See Membrane, 
mucous. 
Mucosin, mu'ko-sin. Albuminous matter from mu- 
cus, having same composition as keratine. See Mucus. 
Mucositas, mu-kos'it-as. Mucosity; mucus. 
Mucosity, mu-kos'it-e. Fluid resembling mucus, 
or containing a certain quantity of it. 
Mucoso-saccharine, mu-ko'so-sak'ar-een. Sugar 
which cannot be crystallized. 
Mucous, mu'kus. Epithet for all bodies containing 
mucilage or mucus. Also sometimes used synony- 
mously with gummy. In pathology it is occasionally 
employed to express the seat of a disease, as Mucous 
disease, Mucous phlegmasia; that is, having its seat in 
the mucous membrane. M. can'cer, colloid cancer has 
been described under this name. M. cor'puscles, see 
Mucus. M. cysts, Mucinous cysts; cystic tumors 
formed by the closure of the orifice of a mucous 
gland and the retention of its contents. M. degen- 
eration, mucoid softening. M. disease, morbid con- 
dition characterized by the secretion of abnormal 
mucus on mucous surfaces, which then becomes aggre- 
gated into shreds, tubular casts, etc. M. fe'ver, dis- 
ease mentioned by the older writers, but which has 
since been regarded as abortive typhus. M. fol'licles, 
follicles or small glands situated in mucous mem- 
branes; they secrete mucus. M. layer, germinal 
disk. M. lig'ament, ligamentum mucosum. M. 
mem'branes, see Membranes. M. pap'ules, see Condy- 
loma and Papules. M. patches, see Condyloma. M. 
rfile, rale muqueux. M. soft'ening, mucoid soften- 
ing. M. tis'sue, gelatinous connective tissue; occurs 
in the umbilical cord and in the vitreous humor of 
the eye. M. tu'bercle, see Condyloma. M. tu'mor, 
myxoma. M. web, corpus mucosum. 
Mucro, mu'kro. Sharp point; sword; the point of 
a sword; apex. M. cor'dis, apex or point of the heart. 
M. hu'meri, acromion. M. ster'ni, body of sternum; 
see Sternum. 
Mucronata cartilago, mu-kro-nat'ah kar-til-ah'go 
(mucro). Xiphoid cartilage. 
Mucronatum (mu-kro-nat'um) os. Xiphoid car- 
717 
MULIEBRIA 
Mucroniform, mu - kron' e - form. Resembling a 
sharp-pointed sword in shape. 
Muculent, mu-ku'lent (mucus). Slimy, viscid. 
Mucuna, mu-ku'nah. See Dolichos pruriens. M. 
pru'riens, Dolichos pruriens. M. pruri'ta, see Dolichos 
pruriens. M. u'rens, cowhage; possesses same virtues 
as Mucuna pruriens. 
Mucus, mu'kus. Animal mucus, Animal mucilage. 
Substance analogous to vegetable mucilage, from 
which, however, it differs by affording subcarbonate 
of ammonia on distillation. Mucus exudes through 
the skin in a state of combination with a peculiar oily 
matter, and, drying, forms the epidermis. It consti- 
tutes, in part, the different epidermeous productions, 
as the hair, nails, wool, and horn of animals, feathers 
of birds, and scales of fish. It is found at the surface 
of the mucous membranes, and presents some differ- 
ence in its composition and properties according to 
the particular mucous membrane from which it is 
obtained. Its chief organic constituent is an albu- 
minoid compound-mucin, mucosin-which, in inflam- 
mation of mucous membranes, gives to the discharge 
its tenacious character. Mucus preserves the mem- 
branes moist, and in a state best fitted for the per- 
formance of their functions. The French give the 
term glaire to the thick, stringy mucus secreted by 
the mucous membranes when in a state of disease. 
Mucus examined with the microscope is found to 
contain numerous epithelial scales or flattened cells, 
together with round, granular bodies, commonly 
termed mucous corpuscles or mucous globules, which 
are contained in a fluid portion-liquor mud. 
Mucus artlculo'rum. Synovia. M. carpho'des, see 
Carphodes. M. cathar'ticus, Lichen Islandicus. M. 
Malpigh'ii, corpus mucosum. M. na'rium, nasal 
mucus. 
Mud fe'ver. Term employed in veterinary practice 
for a disease generally known as the scratches. 
Mudar. Mad ar. Calotropis mudarii, Vegetable mer- 
cury. Ord. Asclepiadacese. In the Hindoo practice 
of physic the bark of the root, as well as the con- 
cretejuice of the plant, enters into various compound 
formulae for the cure of elephantiasis and other dis- 
orders. Its properties are like those of ipecacuanha. 
Bark has been employed in paralysis, epilepsy, worms, 
etc. Milky juice has been used in leprosy, herpes, 
dropsy, etc. Active principle, mudarin, has been 
separated. Mixed with oil, it is used for gout in 
Malabar. 
Mu'darin. See Mudar. 
Mug'get. Asperulo odorata. 
Mug'wort. Artemisia vulgaris. 
Mui as, mu'le. Old name for chilbains. 
Mulatto, mu-lat'to (mulus, a mule) (S. mulata). In- 
dividual of the human species engendered of a white 
and black race. The following table exhibits the 
proportion of white blood in the various castes- 
arising from the hybridous admixture of white and 
black-according to the principles sanctioned by 
usage: 
Parents. 
Offspring. 
Degree of Mixture. 
Negro and White 
. . Mulatto 
1-2 
White, 
1-2 Black. 
White and Mulatto 
. . Terceron . 
3-4 
1-4 " 
Negro and Mulatto 
f Griffo, Griff or Zambo, or 1 
' ' ( Black Terceron j ....... 
. . . . . 1-4 
u 
3-4 " 
White and Terceron 
. . Quarteron or Quadroon 
7-8 
1-8 " 
Negro and Terceron 
. . Black Quarteron or Quadroon 
1-8 
7-8 " 
White and Quarteron 
. . Quinteron 
15-16 
1-16 " 
Negro and Black Quarteron . . 
. . Black Quinteron 
1-16 
15-16 " 
and Muriform. M. cal'culus, see Calculi, urinary, and 
Mural. M., dyer's, Merinda tinctoria. M. juice, 
mori succus. M. rash, see Typhus. M., red, Morns 
rubra. M. tree, Morns nigra. M., white, Mor us alba. 
M., wild, Morns rubra. 
Mulgedium acuminatum, mul-jed'e-um ak-u-min- 
at'um (mulgeo, mulsum, to milk), Blue lettuce, and M. 
Florida'num, Lactuca Floridana, False lettuce. Indig- 
enous plants, ord. Compositae; have the reputation 
of curing the bites of rattlesnakes. 
Mulieb'ria {mulier, woman). Menses; vulva. 
The last two were considered to be respectively 
white and black, in the British West India Islands; 
and the former, prior to modern changes, were white 
by law, and consequently free. 
Terceron is now scarcely used, and Quarteron or 
Quadroon takes its place. See Half caste. The Octoroon 
is the old Quadroon. In other words, at the present 
day a Quadroon is the offspring of a White and Mu- 
latto ; an Octoroon, of the White and Quadroon. See 
also Halfcaste. M. jack, fever, yellow. 
Mulberry (mul'ber-re) bod'y or mass. See Morula MULIEBRIS 
Muliebris, mu-le-eb'ris. Relating to a woman. 
Muliebrity, mu-le-eb'rit-e. State of puberty in the 
female. 
Muliebrositas, mu-le-e-bros'it-as (muliebris, apper- 
taining to woman). Fondness for women. Hence 
Muliebrosus, Mulierarius, and Mulierosus, one who is 
fond of women. 
Muliebrosus, mu-le-e-bro'sus. See Muliebrositas. 
Mulier, mu'le-er. Woman. M. med'ica, see latrine. 
M. obstet'rix, midwife. M. plena, a pregnant woman. 
Mulierarius, mu-le-er-ar'e-us. See Muliebrositas. 
Mulier'itas. Muliebrity, Womanhood. State of pu- 
berty in the female. 
Mulierosus, mu-le-er-o'sus. See Muliebrositas. 
Mull. Thin muslin employed in surgery for dress- 
ings. 
Mulled wine (mollio, to make milder). See Wine. 
Mullein (mul'len), black. Verbascum nigrum. M., 
broad-leaved, great, Verbascum nigrum. M., yel'- 
low, Verbascum nigrum. 
Muller, mul'ler (molaris, a millstone, mola, a mill). 
Moulder. Stone held in the hand, with which any 
powder is ground upon a horizontal slab. Sometimes 
called Mullet. 
Mul'ler, an'nular mus'cle of. See Annular muscle. 
M., canal' of, see Canal of Muller. M., duct of, see 
Duct of Muller. M., fl'bres of, fibres of connective 
tissue extending between limiting membranes of 
retina. M.'s fluid, potass, bichrom., gm. 45; sodii 
sulphas., gm. 20; aquae, 2 litres; used for hardening 
specimens of tissue. M.'s mus'cle, smooth muscular 
fibres in orbital membrane. M.'s operation, lapar- 
otomy and removal of tumor of uterus which contains 
a dead foetus. M.'s ring, cicatricial condition of in- 
ternal os uteri, due to laceration of cervix. 
Mulligrubs, mul'le-grubs. Tormina; colic. 
Mul'lin. Melizomum. 
Mulls's opera'tion. Consists in removal of con- 
tents of eyeball and in the introduction of a glass 
globe as a substitute for the vitreous humor. 
Mulomedicina, mu-lo-med-e-se'nah (mulus, mule, 
medicina). Veterinary art. 
Mulomed'icus. One who attends to diseases of 
domestic animals. 
Mul'sa ac'ida (mulsus, mixed with honey). Oxy- 
mel. 
Mul'sum. Hydromeli. M. vino'sum, oenomel. 
Multangular, mult-an'gu-lar. Having many angles. 
Multangulum (os) ma'jus, mult-an'gu-lum mah'jus. 
Trapezium bone. M. (os) mi'nus, trapezoid bone. 
Multarticulate, mult-art-ik'u-late. Having many 
articulations. 
Multicuspidate, mult-e-kus'pid-ate (multus, many, 
cuspis, point). Having several cusps, as the molar 
teeth. 
Multifidus spinae, mult-if'id-us spe'ne (multus, 
many, findo, to divide). Transversalis dorsi. 
Multifoetation, mult-e-fe-ta'shun (multus, many, 
foetus'). Pregnancy with more than two fcetuses. 
Multigrav'ida (multus, gravidus, pregnant). One 
who has been pregnant many times. 
Multilobate, mult-e-lo'bate (multus, lobos, lobe). 
Separated into many lobes. 
Multilob'ular. Multilobate. 
Multilocular, mult-e-lok'u-lar (multus, many, locu- 
lus, small place or cell). Having many cells or small 
cavities. 
Multimammae, mult-e-mam'me (multus, many, mam- 
mu, breast). Variety of hypergenesis in which there 
are supernumerary mammae. 
Multinervulate, mult-e-nurv'u-late. Provided with 
many nerves (applied to the placenta). 
Multinodate, mult-e-no'date. Having many nodes. 
Multinucleate, mult-e-nu'kle-ate (multus, nucleus, 
kernel). Having several nuclei, as a cell. 
Multinucleolate, mult-e-nu-kle'o-late. Cell with 
many nucleoli. 
Miiltip'ara. Multiparous. 
Multiparient, mult-e-par'e-ent. Multiparous. 
Multiparity, mult-e-par'it-e. Condition of being 
multiparous. 
718 
MURIATED 
Multiparous, mult-ip'ar-us (mult us, many, pario, to 
bring forth). One that brings forth several young at 
the same time. Such a birth is called plural. Also 
one who has had many children, pluripara. See 
Pregnancy, multiple. 
Multiple neuritis, mul'te-p'l nu-re'tis. Neuritis in- 
volving several nerves or nerve-trunks simultane- 
ously. M. preg'nancy, pregnant condition in which 
the uterus contains more than one child. 
Multiplicator (mult'e-ple-ka-tor) or Multiplier, 
mult'e-pli-er. Instrument intended to determine the 
strength of an electric current. 
Multip'olar (multus, polus, pole). See Neurine. 
Multiseptate, mult-e-sep'tate. Multilocular. 
Multitestis, mult-e-tes'tis (multus, testis, testicle). 
One who has several testicles. 
Multitude, mult-e-tu'do (multus, many). Plethora. 
Multivorantia, mult-e-vo-ran'she-ah (multus, voro, 
to devour)). Voraciousness. 
Multivorous, mult-iv'o-rus. Voracious. 
Multocular, mult-ok'u-lar. Provided with several 
eyes. 
Mulungu. Inner bark of Erythrina coralloden- 
dron, native of Brazil; has sedative properties. 
Mumia, mu'me-ah. Mummy. M. medul'lse, mar- 
row of bones. M. de meduPlis, marrow. M. trans- 
mari'na, manna. 
Mumisatio, mum-e-sah'she-o. Mummification. 
Mummification, mum-me-fik-a'shun (mummy, fio, to 
be made). Mode of preparing a mummy. See Gan- 
grene, dry. M. of fce'tus, see Foetus. 
Mummy, mum'me (Arab, moumya, mum, wax). Dead 
body simply dried, or dried after having been em- 
balmed ; the latter acceptation is the most common. 
See Skeleton. 
Mumps. Cynanche parotidrea. M. of the lac'- 
rymal glands, inflammation of the lacrymal gland 
unaccompanied by suppuration. 
Munchat'oe. Mystax. 
Munctio, munk'she-o (mango, munctum, to blow the 
nose). Act of blowing the nose. 
Mundia spinosa, mund'e-ah spin-o'sah (mundus, 
clean, neat, from its appearance). Plant, ord. Poly- 
galeae, growing in Southern Africa, a decoction of 
whose branches is used in atrophy, phthisis, etc. 
Mundificantia, mun-dif-ik-an'she-ah (mundus, 
clean, facio, to make). Detergents. 
Mundificativa, mun-dif-ik-at-e'vah. Detergents. 
Mungos lignum, mun'gos lig'num. Root of Strych- 
nos colubrina. M. ra'dix, Ophiorrhiza mungos. 
Mun'grel. Hybrid. See Mongrel. 
Munimentum castitatis, mu-ne-men'tum kas-te- 
tah'tis (muniment of chastity). Hymen. 
Munjeet, mun-jeet'. Rubia cordifolia. 
Muntingia (munt-in'je-ah) Calabara or M. gla'- 
bra. Calabar tree; possesses mucilaginous proper- 
ties ; fruit can be eaten, and flowers are reputed to 
be antispasmodic. 
Mur. Murr. See Coryza. 
Mu'res articula'res. Joint-mice. Loose bodies 
growing in joints. 
Murexan, mur-eks'an. Substance produced by de- 
composition of murexide. 
Murexide, mur-eks'id. Acid purpurate of ammo- 
nium, derived from guano. M. test, test for uric 
acid. Some of the deposit is placed in a watch-glass, 
nitric acid is added and evaporated to dryness. When 
cold, a little ammonia or caustic potash is added, and 
a rich purple color is produced. 
Mur'fies. Ephelides, papuke. 
Muria, mu're-ah (halmuris, salt water). Brine; for- 
merly used as a clyster in dysentery, in certain in- 
veterate neuralgias, etc. Sodium chloride. 
Muria >, mu're-as. Muriate. M. ammo'nise, am- 
moniurf'chloride. M. auricona'tricum, see Gold. M. 
fer'ri ad min'imum, ferrous chloride. M. hydrar'- 
gyri, mercury bichloride. M. hydrargyro'sus mi'- 
tis, mercury chloride. M. so'dicus, sodium chloride. 
M. stib'ii, antimony chloride. 
Muriate, mu're-at. Salt of muriatic acid. 
Muriated, mu're-a-ted. Combined with chlorine. MURIATIC 
Muriatic, mu-re-at'ik. Hydrochloric. M. acid, 
Hydrochloric acid, Chlorohydric acid, Acidum hydrochlo- 
ricum (Ph. U. S.), A. muriaticum purum, Spirit of salt; 
aqueous solution of chlorohydric acid gas of s. g. 1.16. 
Odor of muriatic acid is suffocating, taste very acid 
and caustic. Nearly colorless when pure, but com- 
monly of a pale yellow; volatile, the fumes visible. 
Muriatic acid is possessed of tonic and antiseptic 
properties; used in typhus, cutaneous eruptions, in 
gargles for inflammatory and putrid sore throats 
(gtt. xxx to of water), etc. When added to a 
pediluvium it renders it stimulating. Acidum hydro- 
chloricum dilutum (Ph. U. S.), Dilute hydrochloric or 
chlorohydric acid, contains 5i fluidounces of muriatic 
acid to 14 fluidounces of distilled water. Its sp. g. is 
1.038. M. e'ther, ethyl chloride. 
Muriat'icus. Muriatic. 
Muriatiferous, mu-re-at-if'er-us. Containing or pro- 
ducing chlorine. 
Murlat'ous. Hydrochloric acid (old name). 
Muricia (mu-ris'e-ah) Cochlnchinen/sis. Plant, 
genus Momordica, native of China and Cochin China; 
leaves and fruit possess aperient properties. 
Muride, mu'rid. Bromine. 
Muriform, mu're-form. Mulberry-shaped, as muri- 
form mass or body, collection of vitelline globes pro- 
ceeding from the segmentation of the vitellus. 
Murigene, mu're-jeen (muria, gennao, to generate). 
Chlorine. 
Murina, mu'rin-ah (muria). Bromine. 
Murioxic (mur-e-oks'ik) ac'id. Chlorine. 
719 
MURMUR 
Mur'mur. (Word existing both in the. Romanic 
and Teutonic languages, and probably a variety of 
onomatopoeia, mur mur expressing the kind of sound 
which the word indicates.) Low continued or contin- 
uously repeated sound, as that of flame or a stream 
running over a stony bottom. M., abdom'inal, bor- 
borygmus. M., accidental, murmur, haemic. M., 
amphor'ic, see Cavernous respiration. M., anae'mic, 
haemic murmur due to anaemia. M., aneuris'mal, 
murmur, systolic in character, heard over an aneur- 
ism. M., aor'tic, murmur occurring with the systole 
or diastole, or occurring between these two sounds, 
elicited over the aortic valves. M., aor'tic, obstruc'- 
tive, organic murmur heard with and after the systole, 
having its greatest intensity at base of the heart, and 
generally transmitted into the carotids. M., aor'tic, 
regur'gitant, organic murmur heard with second 
sound of the heart, most distinct at base of the 
heart and transmitted toward the apex. M., aor'tic, 
systol'ic, murmur with and after first sound of heart, 
with maximum intensity at the base of the heart. 
M., arte'rial, Haemic murmur, Blood sound, sound heard 
when the ear is applied over a blood-vessel. It varies in 
disease, becoming, for instance, more musical in oligae- 
mia. M., auric'ular, systol'ic, murmur, presystolic 
in time, due to stenosis of mitral or tricuspid orifice. 
M. aur'ium, tinnitus aurium. M., bel'lows, bruit de 
souffle. M., blood, murmur, haemic. M., car'diac, nor- 
mal or abnormal sound heard in auscultation of the 
heart. The following table gives a view of the sig- 
nificance of murmurs of valvular origin (Finlayson): 
Rhythm of murmur. 
The various causes of a murmur having such 
a rhythm. 
Diagnosis from rhythm area combined. 
Before first sound or 
auricular-systolic. 
After first sound or 
ventricular-systolic. 
After second sound or 
ventricular-diastolic. 
After second sound 
and running up to 
first. 
Obstruction at the right or left auriculo- 
ventricular orifice. 
Obstruction at the orifice of the aorta or 
the orifice of the pulmonary artery. 
Regurgitation through mitral orifice or 
through tricuspid orifice. 
Regurgitation through aortal semilunar 
valves or through semilunar valves of 
pulmonary artery. 
Obstruction at auriculo-ventricular orifices 
in an extreme form; or, if complex, a 
combination of obstruction at one or 
other auriculo-ventricular orifice, and re- 
gurgitation through the aortic or pul- 
monic valves. 
' If in mitral area = obstruction at mitral orifice. 
If in tricuspid area = obstruction at tricuspid 
orifice (very rare). 
If in aortic area = obstruction at aortic orifice. 
If in pulmonic area = obstruction at orifice of 
pulmonary artery (very rare). 
If in mitral area = mitral regurgitation. 
If in tricuspid area = tricuspid regurgitation. 
If in aortic area = aortic regurgitation. 
If in pulmonic area = regurgitation through 
valves of pulmonary artery (very rare). 
If in mitral area = obstruction of mitral orifice. 
If in tricuspid area = obstruction at tricuspid 
orifice. 
If the two elements of the murmur have separate 
areas-e. g. mitral and aortic-this indicates 
mitral obstruction combined with aortic re- 
gurgitation. 
Tabular View of Cardiac Murmurs of Valvular Origin. 
M., diastolic, M. occurring directly after the systole, 
due to mitral stenosis. M., diastol'ic, aor'tic, mur- 
mur, diastolic in time, heard over aortic area, due to 
insufficiency of aortic valves. M., direct', murmur 
caused hy obstruction to flow of blood-current. M., 
Duroz'iez's double, double arterial murmur occurring 
in insufficiency of the aorta and when compensation 
still exists. M., endocar'dial, murmur having its seat 
within the cardiac ventricles. M., functional, mur- 
mur due to changes in the blood. M., fu'nic, bellows 
sound, funic. M., gastric, borborygmus. M., hse- 
mic, murmur, arterial. M., inorgan'ic, murmur, 
functional. M., interso'nal, murmur heard between 
systole and diastole. M., Intestinal, borborygmus. 
M. intestina'le or intestino'rum or ventris, borbo- 
rygmus. M., intracar'diac, organic, murmur, or- 
ganic. M., jug'ular, venous hum heard over jugular 
veins. M., mitral, murmur heard over mitral valve, 
systolic, diastolic, or presystolic in time. M., mitral, 
regur'gitant, murmur occurring with the systole, 
due to insufficiency of mitral valve, thus allowing 
blood to regurgitate into the left auricle. M., or- 
ganic, endocar'dial, M. due to current of blood pursu- 
ing a normal or abnormal course. M., pu'erile, see 
Puerile. ML, pul'monary, regur'gitant, murmur of 
rare occurrence, due to insufficiency of pulmonary 
valves, occurring with second sound of heart. M., re- 
gur'gitant, murmur caused by regurgitation of blood 
into the cardiac ventricle. M., respiratory, noise 
heard during inspiration and expiration, especially 
the former; produced by the passage of air through 
the bronchial tubes and into the air-cells. Also called 
murmur of the expansion of the lungs, and, when dis- 
tinctly vesicular, Respiration of the cells or Vesicular 
respiration. Vesicular respiration is of course absent 
when the cells of the lungs have been obliterated 
from any cause. We may then have the Respiration 
nulle, Absence du bruit respiratoire, Silence, and Respi- 
ration silencieuse of the French writers. At times it 
is rude during inspiration or expiration, or both-the 
Respiration rude or R. rdpeuse of the French. At 
others there is a blowing sound, as if some one were 
blowing into the auscultator's ear through a tube. 
This is heard in the healthy state over the larynx, 
trachea, tracheal murmur, and about the bifurcation 
of the bronchia, bronchial murmur; but when it 
proceeds from the lungs it denotes disease. It may 
be tubular or diffused. In the former the whiff- 
ing murmurs appear to occur in a space limited to 
the immediate neighborhood of the part examined. 
In the latter, they are produced with but moderate 
intensity, and sometimes at a distance from the ear, MURR 
over a tolerably extended space. The respiration 
perceived over the trachea and bronchia in health is 
called tracheal or bronchial or tubal, according to the 
situation in which it is heard. M., tricus'pid, direct', 
occurs before first sound of heart and immediately 
after second sound, and is due to stenosis of tricuspid 
orifice. M., tricus'pid, regur'gitant, occurs with first 
sound of heart, and is due to insufficiency of tricuspid 
valves, thus allowing the blood to regurgitate into the 
right auricle. M., u'terine, bruit placentaire. M., 
u'tero-placen'tal, bruit placentaire. M., ve'nous, 
venous murmur. M., vesic'ular, murmur, respira- 
tory. M., whiff'ing, see Murmur, respiratory. 
Murr (mori, to die). Murrain, Ovine variola, Tag- 
sore, Rot, Pestilential fever. Epizootic, perhaps conta- 
gious, disease, resembling small-pox, affecting cattle, 
especially sheep, and said to have been transferred to 
man. Modification of the disease by inoculation of 
animals with it has been called Clavelization. 
Murrain, mur'ran. Murr; coryza. 
Murraya, mur-ra'ah. Genus of trees, ord. Eutaceae. 
Native of tropical Asia and Australia. Bark and 
leaves of M. exotica are said to be tonic. M. Koenig'ii, 
curry-leaf tree, native of East Indies; root possesses 
stimulant and laxative properties, and is employed 
to control vomiting in cholera. Leaves are edible. 
Murrayine, mur'ra-yeen. Bitter extract of Mur- 
raya exotica. 
Mur'ren. Murr; coryza. 
Murri-murri. Form of influenza in the Hebrides. 
Supposed to be always brought there by strangers; 
hence called the Stranger's cold. 
Mur'ton or Mur'tum. Clitoris. 
Mus articulo'rum. Floating cartilage in joints. 
Musa, mu'sah (after Antonius Musa, physician to 
Augustus). M. paradisiaca. M. Cliffortia'na, M.para- 
disiaca. M. mensa'ria, M. paradisiaca. M. paradisi'- 
aca, Plantain tree, family Musaceae, of India and South 
America. The fruit, eaten for bread, consists of a 
mealy substance, plantain meal, conquin tay. It is 
clammy, has a sweetish taste, and will dissolve in the 
mouth without being chewed. Being smooth and soft, 
it is employed as a dressing for blisters. Water from 
the soft trunk is astringent, and used in diarrhoea. M. 
sapien'turn, Banana tree. The fruit, Banana, is shorter, 
straighter, and rounder, the pulp softer and more 
luscious. Both varieties are natives of Guinea. 
Musada. Strychnos nux vomica. 
Musam'bra. Impure aloes. 
Musana, mu-sah'nah. See Mesennah. 
Musanga, mu-san'gah. Cecropioides. Genus Ulma- 
ceffi. Species found in Africa; leaves are reputed to 
possess emmenagogue properties. 
Musca Hispanica (mus'kah his-pan'ik-ah) or His- 
panio'la (Spanish fly). Cantharis. M. vesicato'ria, 
cantharis vesicatoria. 
Muscadine, mus-kad-een'. Muscatel. 
Muscae, entohyaloid, mus'se, en-to-hi'al-oid. See 
Metamorphopsia. M. volitan'tes, see Metamorphopsia. 
Mus'cardine. Fungous disease of silkworms. 
Musca'ria. See Amanita muscaria. 
Muscarine, mus-kar'een. C5H15NO3. Ptomaine 
from poisonous mushroom, Agaricus muscarius and 
haddock. See Ptomaines (table). 
Muscatel' or Muscadel'. Wine made from Muscat 
grapes, growing in France. 
Muscerda, mus-ser'dah. Moschardina. Also dung 
720 
» MUSCLE 
of mice (mus, mouse, merda, dung); formerly given 
in epilepsy. 
Muscle, mus'l (mo, to close, to contract, etc., a func- 
tion proper to muscles). Brawn. Muscles have been 
divided into those of animal life or of the life of 
relation-voluntary muscles-which execute move- 
ments under the influence of the will, as the muscles 
of the limbs, head, trunk, etc.; and into those of or- 
ganic life-involuntary muscles-which contract un- 
der the influence of certain special stimuli, as the 
heart, fleshy fibres of the stomach, etc. Mixed mus- 
cles are those which belong partly to each of these 
divisions, as the muscles of respiration and the 
sphincters. Muscles acting in opposition to each 
other are called antagonists; thus, every extensor has 
a flexor for an antagonist, and conversely. See An- 
tagonism. Muscles that concur in the same action 
are termed congenerous. 
The muscles present numerous varieties in form, 
size, situation, use, etc., and have been divided by 
some into long, broad, and short. Each of these di- 
visions comprises simple and compound muscles. Sim- 
ple or rectilinear muscles have all their fibres in a 
similar direction, and only one body, as the sartorius, 
pronator quadratus, etc. Compound muscles have 
only one belly and several tendons, as the flexors of 
the fingers and toes; or several bellies and several 
tendons, as the biceps flexor cubiti, etc. To the com- 
pound muscles belong also the radiated muscles. 
Their fibres set out from a common centre, and are 
arranged like radii of a circle; as the diaphragm, 
iliacus, etc. Pennatid or penniform muscles have 
their fibres arranged in two rows, united at a median 
line, at greater or less angles, nearly as feathers are 
inserted into a quill; the palmaris longus is one of 
these. Semipenniform muscles have their fibres ob- 
lique, but are inserted only on one side of the tendon. 
Hollow muscles are the heart, intestines, urinary blad- 
der, etc. The enumeration of muscles varies, some 
authors reckon them at upward of 400. The greater 
part of them are in pairs. Very few are azygous. 
Muscles have been variously named : 1. According 
to their uses, as diaphragm, buccinator, extensors, 
flexors, adductors, abductors, levators, depressors, etc. 
2. According to their position, as interspinales, inter- 
ossei, etc. 3. According to their shape, as trapezius, 
splenius, etc. 4. According to their dimensions, as 
pectoralis major, rectus capitis anticus major, pector- 
alis minor, gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus. 
5. According to their direction, as obliquus abdom- 
inis, transversalis abdominis, rectus femoris, rectus 
abdominis, etc. 6. According to their composition, as 
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, complexus, etc. 
7. According to their attachments or the different 
points of the skeleton with which they are connected 
by means of tendons or aponeuroses, as sternocleido- 
mastoideus, sternohyoideus, etc. 
The end of the muscle adhering to the most fixed 
part is usually called origin or head, and that adher- 
ing to the more movable part the insertion or tail; the 
intervening part or body of the muscle being called 
the venter, gaster, or belly. Hence the names gastro- 
cnemii, digastrius, biceps, and triceps, according as 
they have two bellies, two or three heads, etc. 
The following table, founded on the arrangement 
of Dr. Barclay, gives a comprehensive view of the ac- 
tions of the various muscles of the human body: 
TABLE OF THE MUSCLES ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR ACTIONS. 
Forward by 
Platysma myoides, 
Sternomastoideus, 
Rectus anticus major, 
" " minor. 
Backward by 
Part of trapezius, 
Splenius capitis, 
Complexus, 
Trachelomastoideus, 
Rectus posticus major, 
" " minor, 
Obliquus capitis superior. 
THE HEAD IS MOVED 
To either side by 
Platysma myoides, 
Sternomastoideus, 
Part of trapezius, 
Splenius capitis, 
" colli, 
Trachelomastoideus, 
Complexus. 
Assisted (when the lower jaw is fixed) by 
Mylohyoideus, 
Geniohyoideus, 
Geniohyoglossus, 
Digastric!. MUSCLE 
721 
MUSCLE 
Forward by 
Platysma myoides, 
Sternomastoideus, 
Digastricus, 
Mylohyoideus, 
Geniohyoideus, 
Geniohyoglossus, 
Omohyoidei, 
Sternohyoidei, 
Thyrohyoidei, 
Rectus anticus minor, 
Longus colli. 
THE NECK IS MOVED 
Backward by 
Part of trapezius, 
Rhomboideus minor, 
Serratus posticus superior, 
Splenitis capitis, 
" colli, 
Complexus, 
Trachelomastoideus, 
Transversalis colli, 
Interspinales colli, 
Semispinales colli, 
Rectus posticus major, 
" " minor, 
Obliquus capitis superior, 
" " inferior, 
Scaleni postici, 
Levator scapulae. 
Laterally by 
Various combinations of those muscles 
which separately move it forward and 
backward, assisted by the scaleni, in- 
tertransversales, and recti laterales. 
THE TRUNK IS MOVED 
Forward by 
Rectus abdominis, 
Pyramidalis, 
Obliquus externus abdominis, 
Obliquus internus, 
Psoas magnus, 
" parvus, 
Assisted {when the arms are carried for- 
ward) by 
Pectoralis major, 
" minor, 
Serratus magnus. 
Backward by 
Trapezius, 
Rhomboideus major, 
Latissimus dorsi, 
Serratus posticus superior, 
" " inferior, 
Sacrolumbalis, 
Longissimus dorsi, 
Spinales dorsi, 
Semispinales dorsi, 
Multifidus spin®, 
Intertransversales dorsi et lumborum. 
Federally by 
Obliquus externus, 
" internus, 
Quadratus lumborum, 
Longissimus dorsi, 
Sacrolumbalis, 
Serratus postici. 
Latissimus dorsi. 
THE SCAPULA IS MOVED 
Upward by 
Trapezius, 
Levator scapulae, 
Rhomboidei. 
Downward by Forward by 
Lower part of trapezius, Pectoralis minor, 
Latissimus dorsi, Serratus magnus. 
Pectoralis minor. 
Backward by 
Part of trapezius, 
Rhomboidei, 
Latissimus dorsi. 
Forward by 
Part of deltoid, 
Part of pectoralis major, 
Backward by 
Part of deltoid, 
Teres major, 
" minor, 
Long head of triceps, 
Latissimus dorsi. 
THE HUMERUS IS MOVED 
Inward by 
Part of pectoralis major, 
Latissimus dorsi. 
Rotated inward by 
Subscapular is, 
Assisted occasionally by 
Pectoralis major, 
Latissimus and teres major. 
Assisted in some circum- 
stances by 
Biceps, 
Coracobrachialis. 
Outward by 
Supraspinatus, 
Infraspinatus, 
Teres minor. 
THE FOREARM IS MOVED 
Forward by 
Biceps, 
Brachialis anticus, 
Pronator teres, 
Backward by 
Triceps, 
Anconeus. 
Rotated inward by 
Pronator teres, 
Flexor carpi radialis, 
Palmaris longus, 
Flexor sublimis, 
Pronator quadratus. 
Assisted by 
Flexor carpi radialis, 
" sublimis, 
" ulnaris, 
Supinator longus. 
Outward by 
Biceps, 
Supinator brevis, 
Extensor secundi internodii. 
THE CARPUS IS MOVED 
Forward by 
Flexor carpi radialis, 
Palmaris longus, 
Flexor sublimis, 
" carpi ulnaris, 
" profundus, 
" longus pollicis. 
Backward by 
Extensor carpi radialis lon- 
gior, 
Extensor carpi radialis bre- 
vier, 
Extensor secundi internodii, 
Indicator, 
Extensor communis digito- 
rum, 
Extensor proprius pollicis. 
Outward by 
Flexor carpi radialis. 
Extensor carpi radialis lon- 
gior, 
Extensor carpi radialis bre- 
vior, 
Extensor ossis metacarpi, 
" carpi internodii. 
Inward by 
Flexor sublimis, 
" carpi ulnaris, 
" profundus, 
Extensor communis digitorum, 
" minimi digiti, 
" carpi ulnaris. 
Inward and forward across 
the palms by 
Opponens pollicis, 
Flexor brevis, 
" longus. 
Outivard and backward 
by 
Extensor ossis metacarpi pol- 
licis, 
Extensor primi internodii, 
" secundi internodii. 
THE THUMB IS MOVED 
Upward and forward, away 
from, the other fingers, by 
Abductor, 
Assisted by part of the 
Flexor brevis. 
Backward and inward to the 
other fingers by 
Adductor, 
Extensor primi internodii, 
" secundi internodii. 
Forward or flexed by 
Flexor sublimis, 
" profundus, 
Lumbricales, 
Interossei, 
Flexor brevis digiti minimi, 
Abductor digiti minimi, 
Backward or extended by 
Extensor communis, 
" minimi digiti, 
Indicator. 
THE FINGERS ARE MOVED 
Outward to radial border by 
Abductor indicis, 
" digiti minimi, 
Interossei- 
Inward by 
Abductor digiti minimi, 
Interossei. MUSCLE 
722 
MUSCLE 
Forward by 
Psoas magnus, 
Iliacus, 
Tensor vaginae femoris, 
Pectineus, 
Adductor longus, 
" brevis. 
Backward by 
Gluteus maximus, 
Part of gluteus medius, 
Pyriformis, 
Obturator internus, 
Part of adductor magnus, 
Long head of biceps, 
Semitendinosus, 
Semimembranosus. 
THE THIGH IS MOVED 
Inward by 
Psoas magnus, 
Iliacus, 
Pectineus, 
Gracilis, 
Adductor longus, 
" brevis, 
" magnus, 
Obturator externus, 
Quadratus femoris. 
Outward by 
Tensor vaginae femoris, 
Gluteus maximus, 
" inedius, 
" minimus, 
Pyriformis. 
THE THIGH IS ROTATED 
THE LEG IS MOVED 
Inward by 
Tensor vaginae femoris, 
Part of gluteus medius, 
And, when the leg is extended, 
by 
Sartorius, 
Semitendinosus. 
Outward by 
Gluteus maximus, 
Part of gluteus medius, 
Pyriformis, 
Gemellus superior, 
Obturator internus, 
Gemellus inferior, 
Quadratus femoris, 
Obturator externus, 
Psoas magnus, 
Iliacus, 
Adductor longus, 
" brevis, 
" magnus, 
Biceps cruris, slightly. 
Backward or flexed by 
Semitendinosus, 
Biceps, 
Semimembranosus, 
Gracilis, 
Sartorius, 
Popliteus. 
Extended by 
Rectus, 
Crureus, 
Vastus externus, 
" interims. 
Forward or flexed by 
Tibialis anticus, 
Extensor proprius pollicis, 
" longus digitorum, 
Peroneus tertius. 
Backward or extended by 
Gastrocnemius, 
Plantaris, 
Soleus, 
Flexor longus digitorum, 
" longus pollicis, 
Tibialis posticus, 
Peroneus longus, 
" brevis. 
THE FOOT IS MOVED 
Inclined imvard by 
Extensor proprius pollicis, 
Flexor longus digitorum, 
" longus pollicis, 
Tibialis posticus. 
Outward by 
Peroneus longus, 
" brevis, 
Extensor longus digitorum, 
Peroneus tertius. 
THE TOES ARE MOVED 
Backward or flexed by 
Abductor pollicis, 
Flexor brevis digitorum, 
Abductor minimi digiti, 
Flexor longus pollicis, 
" digitorum, 
" accessorius, 
Lumbricales, 
Flexor brevis pollicis, 
Adductor pollicis, 
Flexor brevis minimi digiti, 
Interossei. 
Forward or extended by 
Extensor longus digitorum, 
" proprius pollicis, 
" brevis digitorum. 
Inclined inward by 
Abductor pollicis, 
Interossei. 
Outward by 
Abductor pollicis, 
" digit! minimi, 
Interossei. 
Muscles are formed-1. Essentially of muscular 
or fleshy fibre (see Muscular fibre). 2. Of areolar tis- 
sue, which unites the fibres. This areolar tissue is 
not very visible between the fine and loose fibres, but 
becomes more so when they unite in more consider- 
able fasciculi. It forms, moreover, to each muscle an 
external envelope, formerly called Tunica propria 
musculorum, which unites it to the neighboring parts, 
and admits of its motion. 3. Of arteries. These pro- 
ceed from neighboring trunks, and are generally very 
large. Their size and number are always in propor- 
tion to the bulk of the muscle. With the exception 
of some viscera, as the lungs and the kidneys, there 
are few organs that receive as much blood as the 
muscles. 4. Of veins. They follow the same course 
in the muscles as the arteries. 5. Of lymphatics. 6. 
Of nerves. These are numerous and of different 
sizes. They almost all proceed from the encephalon; 
some, however, issue from ganglions, and accom- 
pany the arteries. After they have entered the 
muscle they divide and subdivide until they are 
lost sight of. 
When muscles are subjected to heavy pressure at 
about 32° F., a fluid, Muscle-juice, is obtained, to 
which the name Muscle-plasma has been given. It 
coagulates spontaneously and separates into serum 
and clot; the latter, called Myosin, corresponding 
with the clot formed by coagulating blood. 
The constituents of muscle may be tabulated as 
follows; 
Water 745 
Solids: .... 
Myosin and insoluble proteids 155 
Soluble proteids ' 20 
Gelatin ' ", 21 
Fats ' 23 
Organic and inorganic salts ' ' ' 35 
1000 
Muscle contains various extractive matters, as 
creatin, creatinin, hypoxanthin or sarkin, xanthin, 
inosic acid, inosite or muscle-sugar, fatty matters, all 
embraced in the above summary, M. beat'ing, 
method of massaging muscles with an instrument 
called a muscle-beater. M. clot, see Muscle. M. cor'- 
puscle, muscle-nucleus. M. of Gavard', oblique 
muscular fibres of the stomach. M. of Guth'rie, 
compressor urethrae. M. of Horner, tensor tarsi. M. 
of Hous'ton, compressor vena dorsalis penis. M. jerk, 
see Reflex. M. juice, Muscular juice. Fluid surround- 
ing the fibres of striated muscle and the fibre-cells of 
smooth muscles, which differs from the liquor san- 
guinis of the blood; containing a considerable amount 
of casein. It seems to be produced within the sarco- 
lemma, through which it exudes; see Muscle. M., 
Merkel's, ceratocricoid. M. plas'ma, see Muscle. M. 
plate, segment of embryonic mesoderm from which 
the voluntary muscles of the body are developed. 
M. prism, muscle-rods, prismatic in shape, situate in 
a muscle compartment. M. read'ing, Body-reading. 
Power of detecting, through physical contact, very MUSCULAR 
slight and delicate muscular tensions and relaxations 
resulting from unconscious action of mind or body. 
M. rod, muscle-fibre situate between two intermediate 
disks. M. se'rum, see Muscle. M. sug'ar, inosite. 
M. tu'mor, myoma. M. of Wil'son, compressor 
urethrae. 
Muscular, mus'ku-lar. Belonging or relating to 
muscles; well furnished with muscles. M. ar'te- 
ries, arteries distributed to the muscles. Muscular 
arteries of the eye are two branches sent off by the 
ophthalmic artery to the rectus inferior oculi, lacry- 
mal sac, etc., and to the rectus superior oculi and 
levator palpebrse superioris. M. contraction, exer- 
tion of the power possessed by muscles of shortening 
themselves or of contracting to produce motion; 
muscular motion being the change in the situation 
and relation of organs induced by muscular contrac- 
tion. When a muscle contracts, its fibres assume 
more the zigzag direction, and the extremities ap- 
proximate, but the bulk of the whole muscle is not 
augmented. This contraction takes place, at times, 
with extreme velocity; a single thrill in the letter R 
can be pronounced in the 1-30,OOOth part of a minute. 
The force of contraction, Myodynamis, depends upon 
the healthy physical condition of the muscle, com- 
bined with due energy of the brain. The duration, 
in voluntary motion, is for a certain time dependent 
upon the will-contractions excited involuntarily 
cannot be so long maintained. M. cur'rent, current, 
according to Matteucci, existing in every living mus- 
cle whose tendinous extremities are not equally dis- 
posed-one, for example, forming a cord; the other 
broad and ribbon-like-and which circulates in the 
muscle from the tendinous extremity to the muscular 
surface. M. dys'trophy, myopathic atrophy. M. 
fascic'uli, muscular fibres distributed in bundles. 
M. fi/bre, fleshy fibres. Name given to filaments 
which, by their union, form the muscles. This fibre 
is flat, soft, downy, linear, but little elastic, and more 
or less red ; firmer in adults than in the young or the 
aged ; of the same size in the great and small muscles ; 
and runs its course without bifurcation or ramification ; 
but slightly resisting in the dead body, tearing read- 
ily ; during life it supports very great efforts without 
laceration. It is itself composed of a considerable 
number of fibrils, similar to each other, and subdivid- 
ing almost ad infinitum, and enclosed in a delicate 
sheath-the Sarcolemma. The ultimate filaments into 
which the fibre can be decomposed by mechanical 
means seem to be hollow or tubular. See Sarcous 
elements. Fibre exists under' two forms, striated or 
striped, and non-striated, smooth, or unstriped; muscles 
composed of the former ministering, as a general rule, 
to the animal functions; the latter always, perhaps, 
to the organic. The color of the muscular fibres is red 
in man and white in several animals. A greater or 
less number of fibres united in fasciculi, Fasciculi or 
Lacerti musculorum, approximated to each other, and 
forming a distinct mass, of very variable size and 
shape, the extremities being attached to bones by 
means of tendons, constitutes a muscle. In this are 
included areolar membrane, vessels, and nerves; see 
Muscle. M. juice, see Muscle. M. mo'tion, move- 
ment dependent on action of muscles. M. nerves, 
nerves distributed to the muscles are so named. M. 
rheu'matism, myalgia. M. sense, Sense of muscular 
activity. Consciousness of muscular exertion or ac- 
tivity which accompanies and directs muscular move- 
ments ; sense by which certain properties, as weight 
and position of bodies and muscular exertion, are 
estimated; see Anaesthesia. M. sub'stance, see 
Fibrin. M. sys'tem, term given to the aggregate of 
the muscles of the body. M. veins, these bring back 
the blood which has been carried to the muscles by 
the muscular arteries. 
Muscularis, mus-ku-lar'is. Corroborant; muscular 
layer. M. muco'sse, layer of organic muscular fibres 
which can be traced from one end of the intestinal 
canal to the other, and from which processes are given 
off in different directions ; they are separated by the 
submucous tissue from the muscular coat proper. M. 
723 
MUSCULUS 
proces'sus, prominence situate at side of the aryte- 
noid cartilage, which serves as attachment for muscles. 
Muscularity, mus-ku-lar'it-e. Muscular contrac- 
tility, as of the arteries, etc. 
Musculation, mus-ku-la'shun. Exertion of muscular 
action. See Locomotion. M., irresist'ible, chorea. 
Musculi (pl. of Musculus, muscle) accessorii ad 
sacrolumbalem, mus'ku-le ak-ses-so're-e ad sak-ro- 
lum-barem. See Sacrolumbalis. M. amato'rii, ob- 
lique muscles of the eye. M. bicauda'ti, muscles with 
tendon dividing them into two portions with sepa- 
rate insertions. M. bicip'ites, muscles arising from 
two separate points. M. gemel'li su'r®, gastrocne- 
mii. M. gem'ini, gemelli. M. incisi'vi, accessores 
orbicularis oris. M. papilla'res, papillary muscles; 
column® carne®. M. pectina'ti, pectinated muscles; 
muscular bands extending from parietes of auricles 
of the heart. M. polycauda'ti, muscles with a ten- 
don dividing into several portions with separate in- 
sertions. M. polycip'ites, muscles with several heads. 
M. prostat'ici supe'rior et infe'rior, fibres of the 
ischio-urethralis running transversely above and be- 
low the urethra in front of the prostate, to which 
they were formerly believed to be attached. M. 
pterygoi'dei, pterygoid muscles. M. pubo-vesica'- 
les, pubo-vesical muscles. M. rec'ti labio'rum, com- 
pressor labii. M. triangula'res, scaleni muscles. 
Musculin, mus'ku-lin. See Fibrin. 
Musculinteger, mus-kul-in'te-jur. Term applied 
to union of two or several separate muscles regarded 
as one. 
Musculocutaneous (mus-ku-lo-ku-ta'ne-us) or Mus- 
culocuta'neus {musculus cutis, skin). Appertaining 
to muscles and skin. M. nerve, name especially 
given to two nerves-the one, External cutaneous 
nerve, furnished by the brachial plexus (see Cuta- 
neous nerves'), the other given off from the poplitm- 
us externus. It descends on the anterior and outer 
part of the leg-at first hid among the muscles; be- 
comes superficial about the middle of the leg, and 
divides into two branches which pass superficially on 
the back of the foot. Two musculocutaneous nerves 
-superior and inferior-proceed from the first lum- 
bar, the superior musculocutaneous-ilioscrotal, iliohypo- 
gastricus-which divides into two branches, abdominal 
and scrotal. The inferior musculocutaneous is smaller 
than the superior, and is distributed as its name, ilio- 
inguinal, indicates. M. perone'i, musculocutaneous 
nerve of leg. 
Musculo-elastic, mus'ku-lo-e-las'tik. Relating to 
muscular and elastic tissue. 
Musculo-intestinal, mus'ku-lo-in-tes'tin-al. See 
Myenteric. 
Musculomembranous, * mus' ku - lo - mem' bran-us. 
Having the character of muscle and membrane. 
Musculophrenic, mus'ku-lo-fren'ik {musculus, 
phren, diaphragm). Belonging to the muscular por- 
tion of the diaphragm. Supplying muscles and dia- 
phragm, as the musculophrenic artery. 
Musculorhachidmus, mus-ku-lo-rhak-id-e'us. Be- 
longing or relating to muscles and to the spine. 
Name given to branches furnished behind by the 
intercostal, lumbar, and sacral arteries, which are 
distributed to the spine and to the muscles of the 
neighborhood. 
Musculosa, mus-ku-lo'sah. Muscularis. M. ex- 
pansio (muscular expansion), platysma myoides. 
Musculospinal, mus-ku-lo-spi'nal. Appertaining 
to muscles and spine. 
Musculospiral (mus-ku-lo-spi'ral) groove {musculus, 
spira, spire). Groove situated posteriorly on femur, 
for the passage of musculospiral nerve and superior 
profunda artery. M. nerve, radial nerve. 
Musculosus, mus-ku-lo'sus. Muscular. 
Musculotegumentary, mus'ku-lo-teg-u-ment'a-re. 
Including integument and muscles. 
Musculous, mus'ku-lus. Containing muscular 
fibres. 
Musculus, mus'ku-lus. Muscle. M. accli'vis, ob- 
liquus internus abdominis. M. admira'tor, rectus 
superior oculi. M. anom'alus, muscular fasciculus, MUSCUS 
attached only to the superior maxillary bone with 
which the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle 
is related. M. anom'alus men'ti, fasciculus from 
lower maxillary bone near levator labii inferioris, 
passing outward to be again inserted on the bone. 
M. anom'alus transver'sus, rare muscular mass ex- 
tending transversely across the orbit in the region of 
the equator oculi. M. anon'ymus clavic'ulae, mus- 
cular slip from sternal to acromial extremity of the 
clavicle. M. ap'icis na'si, levator nasi proprius. M. 
aponeurot'icus, tensor fasciae latse. M. aryvoca'lis, 
part of internal thyro-arytenoid muscle to the vocal 
cord. M. auxilia'rius, pyramidalis abdominis. M. 
bibitor'ius, rectus internus oculi. M. Brueck- 
ian'us, see Ciliary muscle. M. bursa'lis or M. 
bursa'rius, obturator internus. M. cani'nus, le- 
vator anguli oris. M. Casser'ii, laxator tympani 
minor. M. cate'nse, tibialis anticus. M. cilia'ris, 
ciliary muscle. M. cilia'ris Riola'ni, ciliary muscle. 
M. cilia'ris, supe'rior and infe'rior, palpebral part 
of orbicularis palpebrarum. M. cochlea'ris, liga- 
mentum spirale. M. constricto'rius, sphincter. M. 
coracoi'deus, coracobrachialis. M. cra'nii cuta'- 
neus, occipitofrontalis. M. cuta'neus, platysma 
myoides. M. cuta'neus ma'nus, palmaris brevis. M. 
Eustach'ii, laxator tympani. M. Fallo'pii, pyrami- 
dalis abdominis. M. fascia'lis, sartorius. M. fem'oris 
membrano'sus, fascia lata. M. gracil'limus, a small 
occasional muscle of the eye arising near the superior 
oblique muscle and inserted into the synovial sheath. 
M. Hor'neri, tensor tarsi. M. hu'milis, rectus inferior 
oculi. M. immer'sus, subscapularis. M. im'par 
pharyn'gis, azygos pharyngis. M. incisu'rse maj o'- 
ris auric'ulae or M. incisu'rse Santori'ni, intertragi- 
cus. M. in'dicator, extensor indicis. M. indignato'- 
rius, rectus externus. M. iracun'dus, rectus externus 
oculi. M. la'bii pro'prius, muscular fibres connecting 
the skin and mucous membrane around the orifice of 
the mouth. M. lacryma'lis poste'rior, Horner's mus- 
cle. M. laeti'tiae, rectus internus oculi. M. liv'idus, 
pectineus. M. longis'simi ten'dini, plantaris. M. 
mal'lei exter'nus, laxator tympani minor. M. mal'lei 
inter'nus, tensor tympani. M. membrano'sus, tensor 
fasciae late. M. multif'idus, multifidus spinse. M. 
nasa'lis la'bii superio'ris, nasolabialis. M. naut'i- 
cus, tibialis posticus. M. orbita'lis, Muller's muscle. 
M. os'sis metacar'pi dig'iti quin'ti, opponens minimi 
digiti. M. patien'tise, levator anguli scapulae. M. 
penicilla'tus, levator labii inferioris. M. perfora'tus 
Cas'seri, coracobrachialis. M. phren'icus, dia- 
phragm. M. polygas'tricus, muscle with several 
bellies. M. prostat'icus, sphincter urethrae prostati- 
cus. M. quadra'tus antibra'chii, pronator quadratus. 
M. quadriceps, muscle having four heads. M. rhom- 
boi'deus, musculus anomalus. M. Riola'ni, see 
Riolan's muscle. M. riso'rius Santorini, platysma 
myoides. M. sac'ci lacryma'lis, tensor tarsi. M. 
scandala'rius, parathenar. M. singula'ris col'li, 
an aberrant intertransversalis longus muscle. M. 
singula'ris splen'ii accesso'rius, adjutor splenii. M. 
sterna'lis, sternalis muscle. M. subcuta'neus, pla- 
tysma myoides. M. succenturia'tus, pyramidalis 
abdominis. M. succin'gens, diaphragm. M. super'- 
bus, rectus superior oculi. M. supercil'ii, corrugator 
supercilii. M. supina'tor, supinator brevis. M. su- 
praclavicula'ris, tensor of superficial cervical fascia. 
M. su'rae, triceps surge. M. te'res antibrach'ii, pro- 
nator teres. M. testicon'dus or testis, cremaster. 
M. tri'ceps, muscle having three heads. M. tu'bee 
no'vse, circumflexus. M. u'vulse, azygos muscle. M. 
voca'lis, thyro-arytenoid muscle, internal. 
Muscus arboreus, mus'kus ar-bo're-us (tree-moss). 
Lichen plicatus. M. cani'nus, Lichen caninus. M. 
cathar'ticus, Lycopodium selago. M. clava'tus, 
lycopodium. M. corralli'nus, Corrallina Corsicana. 
M. cra'nii huma'ni, Lichen saxatilis. M. erec'tus, 
Lycopodium selago. M. helminthocor'tos, Corallina 
Corsicana. M. Islan'dicus, Lichen Islandicus. M. 
mari'nus, Corallina Corsicana. M. marit'imus, cor- 
allina. M. polyt'richus, Polytrichum commune. M. 
pulmona'rius querci'nus, Lichen pulmonarius. M. 
724 
MUSTARD 
pyxida'tus, Lichen pyxidatus. M. pyxoi'des ter- 
res'tris, Lichen pyxidatus. M. re'pens, Lycopodium 
clavatum. M. squamo'sus, Lycopodium clavatum. 
M. ursi'nus, Polytrichum commune. M. villo'sus, 
peristroma. 
Musena-bark, mu-se'nah-hark. See Rottlera Schim- 
peri. 
Musenln. Acid principle from musenna-bark; it 
resembles saponin. 
Musenna, mu-sen'nah. Mesenna. 
Museum anatomicum, mu-ze'um an-at-om'ik-um. 
Anatomical museum. 
Mush'room. A form of fungus; some varieties are 
edible. 
Music, mu'zik (musa, a song). Art of producing 
harmonious and cadenced sounds; has been bene- 
ficially used in diseases, particularly in those of the 
mind or on which the mind could act in a salutary 
manner. 
Musical (mu'ze-kal) sound. Rhythmical sound 
heard on auscultation, resembling at times the hum- 
ming of insects, noise of spinning-wheel, sounds of 
animals, etc. Such sound is more generally met with 
in chlorosis. 
Musician's cramp. See Cramp, writer's. 
Musicomania (mu-sik-o-man'e-ah) or Musoma'nia 
(music, mania). Variety of monomania in which the 
passion for music is carried to such an extent as to 
derange the intellectual faculties. 
Musk. Mosch (Arab.). Peculiar concrete animal 
substance, of a very diffusible odor and bitter taste, 
enclosed in the preputial follicles of Moschus moschif- 
erus, Musk deer; it is stimulant and antispasmodic. 
The volatile oil of certain plants having its characteris- 
tic odor has sometimes been substituted for musk; dis- 
tilled oil of Malva moschata and Mimulus moschatus, 
for example, have been employed in hysterical disor- 
ders and certain forms of nervous diseases. M., 
American, musk obtained from musk-rat, Fiber 
zibethicus. M. plant, Mimulus moschatus. M. root, 
sumbul. M. seed, see Hibiscus abelmoschus. M. tree, 
Olearia argophylla. M. wood, thymiama. 
Muskeg moss. Plant of the N. W. parts of the 
U. States, used as absorbent substance for dressings. 
Musk'grape flow'er. Bulbus vomitorius. 
Muskmallow, musk'mal-ow. Hibischus abelmos- 
chus. 
Musk'melon. Cucumis melo. 
Muslin gauze, antiseplic. See Gauze and Anti- 
septic. 
Musomanla, mu-so-man'e-ah. Musicomania. 
Musquash (mus'kwosh) root. Cicuta maculata. 
Musquito, mus-ke'to. Mosquito. 
Musssenda frondosa, mus-een'dah fron-do'sah. De- 
coction of this Ceylonese plant has been esteemed 
refrigerant. M. gla'bra, species found in East In- 
dies possessing same properties as Musssenda fron- 
dosa. M. luteola, employed in Arabia in snake- 
bites. 
Mus'sel. Mytilus edulis. 
Mussel-poi'soning. See Mytilus. 
Musselled, musl'd. See Mytilus edulis. 
Mussitatio, mus-se-tah'she-o (mussito, to murmur). 
Condition in which the tongue and lips move as in 
the act of speaking, but without sounds being pro- 
duced. Unfavorable sign in disease, as indicating 
great cerebral debility. 
Mussita'tion. See Mussitatio. 
Must. The recent juice pressed from the grape; 
after fermenting it becomes wine. 
Mus'tard, black (mout, must, because the seeds 
were bruised with vinegar or must). See Sinapis. 
M., clam'my, Polanisia graveolens. M., false, Pola- 
nisia graveolens. M., flour of, sinapis. M., green, 
Lepidium sativum. M., hedge, erysimum. M., In'- 
dian, Brassica juncea. M. leaves, charta sinapis. M. 
mith'ridate, Thlaspi campestre. M. oil, see Sinapis 
alba. M. pa'per, charta sinapis. M. plasler, cata- 
plasma sinapis. M., stinking hedge, alliaria. M., 
trea'cle, Thlaspi arvense. M., white, Sinapis alba. 
M., wild, Sinapis arvensis, MUSTEE 
Mustee, mus-te'. One born of parents one of whom 
is white, the other a mulatto. See Mestizo. 
Mustelaneus, mus-tel-an'e-us (mustela, weasel). One 
who has two short arms. 
Mus'turn (juice of the grape). Wort. 
Mutacism, mu'ta-sizm (mutakizo, to use the letter 
m, y.v, too frequently). Vicious pronunciation, con- 
sisting chiefly in the frequent repetition of the letters 
m, b, and p, which are substituted for others. 
Mutatio sexus, mu-tah'she-o seks'us. A change or 
conversion of sex ; ancient theory. 
Mutation, mu-ta'shun. Change. Term applied in 
obstetrics to the operation of version. 
Mute. Dumb ; affected with mutitas. 
Muteosis, mu-te-o'sis (mutus, dumb). Every phe- 
nomenon of expression, voluntary and involuntary, 
which impresses the sight or touch. 
Mutilation, mu-til-a'shun (mutilus, broken). Jlfaim- 
ing. The removal or privation of a limb or of some 
other external part of the body; in all countries a 
crime punished with severity. 
Mutinum, mu-te'num. Penis. 
Mutisia, mu-tis'e-ah. Genus of shrubs, natives of 
South America. M. viciaefo'lia, native of the Andes; 
seeds are employed medicinally as a heart tonic; 
herb has tonic and expectorant properties. 
Mutism, mu'tizm. Mutitas. 
Mutitas, mu'te-tas (mutus, dumb). Dumbness, 
Speeclilessness, Mutism. Impossibility of articulating 
sounds, although they can be elicited. Dumbness is 
often congenital and united with deafness, of which 
it is an effect. In some cases it is accidental. M. 
aton'ica, atonic dumbness due to neuroses of the 
glossal nerves. M. elin'guium, dumbness due to loss 
of the tongue. M. organ'ica, dumbness due to disease 
or traumatism of the tongue. M. surdo'rum, Deaf- 
dumbness, Deafmutism, speechlessness from deafness, 
congenital or produced during infancy. The subjects 
of this affection are called deafdximb. M. traumat'ica, 
dumbness due to traumatism. M. vul'neris, mutitas 
traumatica. 
Mu'to. Penis. 
Mutoniatus, mu-to-ne-at'us. Having a large penis. 
Mutton (mut"n) tea. Prepared from a pound of 
mutton freed from the fat and cut into thin slices, and 
a pint and a half of boiling soft water poured over 
them, as in the case of beef tea, except that it re- 
quires to be boiled for half an hour after the macera- 
tion before it is strained through a sieve. Mutton 
broth contains a somewhat larger proportion of mut- 
ton. Essence of mutton is made by a process similar 
to that for essence of beef. 
Mutunnus, mu-tun'nus. Priapus. 
Mu'tus. Mute. 
Myacantha, me-ak-an'thah. Ruscus. 
Myalgia, me-al'je-ah (myon, algos, pain). Muscular 
pain; cramp. 
Myasis, me-as'is. Presence of worms in the cavities 
of the nose. 
Myasthenia, me-as-then-e'ah (myon, astheneia, de- 
bility). Muscular debility. 
Myceliophori, me-sel-e-of'or-e (mukes, fungus, 
phoreo, to bear). True fungi. 
Mycelium, me-se'le-um (mukes, mushroom). Fila- 
ments or threads of minute fungi which find a soil on 
animal bodies. Their contents are cells or granules. 
Myces, me'sees. Fungus. 
Mycetencanthis, me-set-en-kan'this (mukes, enkan- 
this). See Encanthis fungosa. 
Mycetes, mis-e'tees (pl. of Myces). Fungi. 
Mycetogen'esis (mukes, genesis, formation). Forma- 
tion of fungi. 
Mycetography, mi-set-og'raf-e. Mycetology. 
Myce'toid. Resembling a fungus in shape. 
Mycetology (mi-set-ol'o-je) or Mycol'ogy (mukes, 
fungus, logos, discourse). Science of fungi. 
Mycetoma, me-set-o'mah. Fungus disease, Podelcoma, 
Madura foot, Fungus foot, Fungous disease of India. 
An affection of the hands and feet prevailing ex- 
tensively in India and ascribed to the growth of a 
fungus-Chionyphe Carteri (after Dr. H. V. Carter). 
725 
MYCOSIS 
Mycetophagous, mi-set-of'ag-us (mukes, fungus, 
phago, to eat). Deriving nourishment from fungi. 
Mycetozoa, me-set-o-zo'ah (myces, soon, animal). 
Myxomycetes. 
Mychmus, mik'mus. A sigh. 
Mychthismus, mik-thiz'mus. Moaning; sighing. 
Mycocellulose, mi-ko-sel'u-loze. Fungin. 
Mycoderma, me-ko-dur'mah (myces, derma, skin). 
My cod erm. A cryptogamous growth constituting the 
crusts of favus. See Porrigo favosa. Genus of fungi 
forming a memhranoid surface on fermenting liquors. 
Also a mucous membrane. See Membrane. M. ace'ti, 
mother of vinegar, caused hy bacterium aceti. M. 
al'bicans, saccharomyces albicans. M. cerevis'ise, 
torula cerevisiae. M. cyan'eum, micrococcus cyaneus. 
M. pli'cse, Tricomaphyton, a cryptogamous growth said 
to be the essence of plica. M. sac'chari, M. vi'ni, 
M. of alcholic fermentation. 
Mycoder'mis (same etymon). Micro-organisms found 
in excreta of some cutaneous affections, as favus. 
Mycodermitis, me-ko-dur-me'tis (mycoderma, itis). 
Mucitis. 
Mycodermosphacelus, me-ko-der-mo-sfas'e-lus 
(mukes, fungus, derma, skin, sphacelus, gangrene). 
Gangrene of the mucous membrane. 
Mycodes, me-ko'dees. Fungoid. 
Mycodiarrhoea, me-ko-di-ar-rhe'ah. See Diarrhoea. 
Mycodysenteria, me-ko-dis-en-ter'e-ah. Mucous 
dysentery. See Dysentery. 
Mycodyspncea, me-ko-dis-ne'ah (mukos, mucus, 
duspnoia, difficulty of breathing). Dyspnoea from 
excessive secretion of mucus. 
Mycogastritis, me-ko-gas-tre'tis (mufcos, mucus, 
gaster, stomach). Inflammation of the mucous mem- 
brane lining the stomach. 
Mycography, mi-kog'raf-e. Mycetology. 
Mycohaemia, me-co-he'me-ah (mukes, fungus, haima, 
blood). Diseases due to blood containing micro- 
organisms. 
Mycol'ogist. One who is versed in the study of 
mycetology. 
Mycology, mi-kol'o-je. Mycetology. 
Mycon'ostoc grega'rium. Micro-organism perhaps 
identical with cladotrix. 
Mycophlyzacium, me-ko-fle-zah'she-um (mukes, 
mucus, phluzakion, small blister). Pustule situated on 
a mucous surface. 
Mycophthalmia, me-kof-thal'me-ah (mukes, fungus, 
ophthalmos, eye). Fungoid ophthalmia. 
Mycophthisis, me-ko-te'sis. See Bronchorrhoea. 
Mycopneumonypostasis, me-ko-nu-mon-ip-ost'as- 
is. Hypostasis of the lungs due to mucus. 
Mycoprotein, me-ko-pro'te-in (mukes, fungus, pro- 
tein). Albuminoid substance due to the bacteria of 
putrefaction. 
Mycorthopncea, me-kor-thop-ne'ah (mycos, orthos, 
erect, pneo, to breathe). Orthopnoea from excessive 
secretion of mucus in the air-passages-orthopnoea 
pituitosa. 
Mycos, me'kos. Mucus. 
Mycose, mi'koze. Peculiar kind of sugar existing 
in ergot. 
Mycosis, me-ko'sis (myces, fungus). Framboesia. See 
Fungus. M., acute', of the blood, septic influence 
of micro-organisms on that fluid. M. of the brain, 
presence of micrococci in the brain from septic poi- 
soning, as from diphtheria, septicaemia, etc. M., 
bron'cho-pul'monary, bronchorrhoea due to presence 
of micro-organisms. M., catalytic, microbiohaemia. 
M. circina'ta, trichophytosis capitis. M. endocar'dii, 
endocarditis, infectious. M. favosa, favus. M. fram- 
bcesioi'des, dermatitis papillaris capillitii. M.fungo- 
i'des, cutaneous disease, thought to be parasitic, cha- 
racterized by the occurrence of soft red, mammillated 
tumors which may develop into fungous ulcers. M. 
furfura'cea, pityriasis versicolor. M. intestina'lis, 
diarrhoea attended with symptoms of collapse, sup- 
posed to be associated with the presence of a fungus 
in the alimentary canal. M. lupino'sa, favus. M. 
microspori'na, dermatomycosis furfuracea. M. 
pulmo'num, pneumonomycosis. M. pustulo'sa, sy- MYCOTHRIX 
cosis parasitica. M. syphiloi'des, scherlievo. M., 
toxic, saprfemic poisoning from ptomaines. M. tri- 
chophyti'na, mycosis due to presence of trichophyton. 
M., vagi'nal, term applied to pruritic irritation of the 
vagina excited, it is supposed, by an oidial fungus. 
Mycothrix, me'ko-thriks {mukos, thrix, hair). Lep- 
tothrix. 
Mycotic, mi-kot'ik. Relating to mycosis. 
Mycotlcs. Agents that contract the pupil. See 
Mydriatics. 
Mycter, mik'ter. Nose. 
Mycteres, mik-te'rees. Myxse, nares. 
Mycterlc. Relating to nasal cavities. 
Mycterophonia, mik-ter-o-fo'ne-ah {mycter, phone, 
voice). Nasal voice; commonly called "speaking 
through the nose." 
Mycteroxerotes (mik-ter-oks-er'o-tees) or Mycter- 
oxero'sis {mycter, xerotes, dryness). Dryness of the 
interior of the nose. 
Mycus, me'kus. Mucus. 
Mydaleine, mid-al'e-een {mudaleos, putrid). Poi- 
sonous ptomaine obtained from putrefying liver and 
other organs. See Ptomaines (table). It produces in- 
tense dilatation of the pupil, increased temperature, 
intestinal peristalsis, etc. 
Mydatoxine, mid-ah-toks'een. C6H13NO2. Poison- 
ous ptomaine from gradually decomposing flesh, es- 
pecially from internal organs. 
Mydesis, mid-a'sis {mudao, to abound with moisture, 
to be putrid). Moisture. In its most general sense it 
means corruption. By some it is used for a mucous 
discharge from inflamed eyelids. 
Mydine, me'dine {mudao, to be damp or to putrefy). 
CsHnNO. Non-poisonous ptomaine obtained from 
the putrefaction of human viscera and from cultures 
of Eberth bacillus. 
My'don. Fungous or putrid flesh in certain fistu- 
lous ulcers. Also flesh putrid from mouldiness. 
Mydriasis, mid-re'as-is {mudriasis, excessive dilata- 
tion of the pupil). Preternatural dilatation of the 
pupil-coromydriasis; noticed in atrophy of the optic 
nerve, paralysis of the third nerve, epilepsy, etc. 
Weakness of sight produced by hydrophthalmia, or 
superabundance of humors. M. paralytica, mydri- 
asis dependent on paralysis of the sphincter pupillse. 
M., spi'nal, dilatation of the pupil from irritation of 
the spinal centre for such dilatation. 
Mydriatic, mid-re-at'ik. Relating to or causing 
dilatation of the pupil. Certain narcotics, as opium, 
contract the pupil, while others, as belladonna, dilate 
it. Owing to this antagonism, the mydriatic bella- 
donna has been given in poisoning from opium. 
Mydriatics. Drugs acting upon the iris are either 
mydriatics, which dilate the pupil, or mycotics, which 
contract it. The most important of these are such 
drugs as have a local action on the eye, and they alone 
are used in ophthalmic medicine (Brunton). They are 
indicated in the following list by an asterisk (*): 
726 
MYELOIDIN 
Myelanalosis, me-el-an-al-o'sis (myelo, analosis, wast- 
ing). Tabes dorsalis. 
Myelapoplesia, me-el-ap-o-pla'ze-ah. Spinal apo- 
plexy. 
Myelapoplexy, me-el-ap'o-pleks-e. Spinal apoplexy. 
Myelatelia, me-el-at-el-e'ah (myelo, a, privative, tr- 
ios, end; want of end or finish). Incompleteness of 
the spinal marrow. 
Myelatrophy, me-el-at'ro-fe (myelo, atrophy'). Tabes 
dorsalis. 
Myelauxis, me-el-awks'is (muelos, marrow, auxe, in- 
crease). Condition in which dilatation or hypertrophy 
of the spinal cord exists. 
Myelencephalon, me-el-en-sef'al-on (muelos, mar- 
row, enkephalos, brain). Cerebrospinal axis. Also 
after-brain or metencephalon. 
Myeleterosis, me-el-et-er-o'sis (muelos, marrow, het- 
erosis, alteration). Pathological change in the spinal 
marrow. 
Myelin, me'el-in (myelo). Mixture of lecithin with 
cerebric acid and cholesterin, constituting the fatty 
substance in nerve-tissue, etc. See Nerve-fibres. 
Myelinic, me-el-in'ik. Eelating to myelin. 
Myelitis, me-el-e'tis (myelo, itis). Inflammation of 
the spinal marrow or its membranes, indicated by 
deep-seated burning pain in the spine, with various 
nervous and vascular irregularities of function. It 
was proposed at one time to call inflammation of the 
membranes of the brain meningitis; that of the 
substance of the brain, myelitis. M., bul'bar, in- 
flammation of the medulla oblongata, with softening, 
attended with cephalic, respiratory, and gastric dis- 
turbance, and perhaps paralysis. M., compres'sion, 
see M., pressure. M., concus'sion, M. caused by con- 
cussion of the cord. M. convulsi'va, chorea, electric. 
M., dissem'inated, M. occurring at several different 
foci in the cord. M. exsudati'va, hydrorachis. M., 
fo'cal, M. limited to a circumscribed space. M., 
mult'iple, M., disseminated. M. parenchymato'sa, 
myelitis. M. petechia'lis, meningitis, cerebrospinal. 
M., pres'sure, inflammation of the spinal cord, caused 
by compression from disease of the vertebrae, or from 
tumors or other growths. M. spina'iis, myelitis. 
M., trans'verse, M. in which the inflammation affects 
a transverse section of the spinal cord. 
Myelo, me'el-o (muelos, marrow). In composition, 
marrow. 
Myelocele, me-el-o-se'le (Eng. me'el-o-seel) (muelos, 
marrow, kele, tumor). Tumor of the spinal cord. 
Myelochysis, me-el-ok'is-is (myelo, chuo, to pour 
out). Hydrorachis. 
Myeloccele, me-el-o-se'le. Canal of spinal cord. 
Myelocystic, me-el-o-sist'ik (muelos, marrow, kustis, 
cyst). Eelating to a cyst connected with the spinal 
marrow. 
Myelocystocele, me-el-o-sist-o-se'le (Eng. mi-el-o- 
sist'o-seel). Condition in which an excess of liquid 
exists in central canal of spinal cord. 
Myelocytes, mi'el-o-sites (myelo, kutos, mass, body, 
or cell). Granules of the brain. Nuclei of the cells 
of the gray substance. 
Myelodiastasis, me-el-o-de-as'tas-is (muelos, mar- 
row, diastasis, separation). Disintegration of medulla 
spinalis. 
Myelogangliitls, (myelo, gan- 
glion, itis). Cholera (sporadic). 
Myelogenic, mi-el-o-jen'ik (myelo, gennao, to gen- 
erate). Myeloid tumors have been so called from 
their point of departure. 
Myeloid, mi'el-oid (myelo, eidos, resemblance). Mar- 
row-like. M. sarco'ma, medullary sarcoma. M. tu'- 
mor, Fibroplastic tumor, Myelogenic tumor, T. my elodes. 
Sarcomatous tumor, the more characteristic constitu- 
ents of which are peculiar many-nucleated corpus- 
cles, which have been recognized as constituents of 
the marrow and diploe of bones, especially in the foetus 
and in early life. It is more nearly related, therefore, 
to cartilaginous than to fibrinous tumors. It was so 
named by Mr. Paget. 
Myeloidin, mi-el-oid'in. Substance derived from 
the brain. 
Mydriatics. 
General anaesthetics - chlo- 
roform, ether, etc. 
♦Atropine. 
♦Belladonna. 
Belladonnine. 
Benzoyltropine. 
♦Cocaine. 
Daturine. 
♦Duboisine. 
Gelsemine locally. 
♦Homatropine (oxytoluylic- 
acid-tropine). 
Hyoscyamine. 
Muscarine locally (?). 
Narcissine. 
Piturine. 
Scopalein. 
Stramonium. 
Myotics. 
General anaesthetics - chlo- 
roform, ether, etc. 
♦Calabar bean. 
Gelseinine internally. 
Jaborandi. 
Lobeline internally. 
Morphine internally. 
Muscarine internally. 
" locally. 
Nicotine locally. 
Opium. 
♦Physostigmine (eserine). 
Pilocarpine. 
Thebaine. 
Myel, me'el. Spinal cord. 
Myelsemia, me-el-e'me-ah. Leucocythtemia of os- 
seous marrow tissue. 
Myelalgia, me-el-al'je-ah (myelo, algos, pain). Pain 
in the spinal marrow. MYELOMA 
Myeloma, me-el-o'mah. Medullary tumor. See 
Encephaloid. 
Myelomalacia, me-el-o-mal-ah'she-ah (myelo, mala- 
kia, softness). Softening of the medulla spinalis. 
Myelomenia, me-el-o-men'e-ah (muelos, marrow, 
men, month). Metastasis of menstrual flux to the 
spinal cord. 
Myelomeningitis, me-el-o-men-in-je'tis (myelo, 
meninx, membrane, itis). Meningitis, spinal. 
Myelomeningocele, me-el-o-men-in-go-se'le (Eng. 
mi-el-o-men-in'go-seel). Hernia of the spinal cord 
and its membranes. 
Myelomeninx, me-el-o-men'inks (muelos, marrow, 
meninx, membrane). Membrane serving as cover for 
the medulla spinalis. 
Myelomyces, me-el-om'e-sees (myelo, makes, fungus). 
Myeloma. See Encephaloid. 
Myelomycetes, me-el-o-me-sa'tees (pl. of Myelom- 
yces) (myelo, mulces, fungus). Order of fungi. 
Myelon, me'el-on. Medulla spinalis. 
Myeloparalysis, me-el-o-par-al'is-is (myelo, paral- 
ysis). Paraplegia. 
Myelopathia, me-el-o-path-e'ah (muelos, marrow, 
pathos, disease). Disease of the spinal cord. M. trop'- 
ica, beriberi. 
Myelophthisis, me-el-o-te'sis. Tabes dorsalis. M. 
sic'ca, tabes mesenterica. 
Myelophymata, me-el-o-fe'mah-tah (pl. of Myelo- 
phyma) (myelo, phuma, tumor). Tubercles of the 
spinal marrow. 
My'eloplacques or Myeloplaxes, me-el-o-plaks'ees 
(myelo, marrow, plax, plate or lamella). Osteophages, 
Osteoclasts, Giant or Colossal cells. Large many-nucle- 
ated masses of protoplasm, most abundant in the 
external layers of the medullary masses occupying 
the bone-cavities. 
Myeloplaxoma, me-el-o-plaks-o'mah. Tumor of a 
part in which osteoclasts are numerous. 
Myeloplegia, me-el-o-plej'e-ah. Paralysis due to 
disease of the spinal cord. 
Myelorrhagia, me-el-or-rhaj'e-ah (myelo, rhegnumi, 
to break forth). Apoplexy of the spinal cord. 
Mye'los. Marrow. 
Myelosarcoma, me-el-o-sark-o'mah. Osteosarcoma. 
Myelosclerosis, me-el-o-skler-o'sis. Sclerosis of the 
spinal cord or of medullary matter of bones. 
Myelosis, me-el-o'sis. Growth of medullary tumor. 
Myelospasm, mi'el-o-spazm. Spasm of spinal cord. 
Myelospongus, me-el-o-spon'gus (myelo, spongus, 
sponge, fungus). See Encephaloid. 
Myelosyringosis, me-el-o-sir-in-go'sis. Syringo- 
myelia. 
Myelozoa, me-el-o-zo'ah. Class of Vertebrata pro- 
vided with a spinal cord, but without brain. 
Myelus, me'el-us. Marrow, medulla spinalis. M. 
diauche'nius, medulla spinalis. M. dorsi'tes, me- 
dulla spinalis. M. notise'us, medulla spinalis. M. 
psoi'tes, medulla spinalis. 
Myelypersemia, me-el-ip-ur-e'me-ah. Hyperaemic 
condition of spinal cord. 
Myenergia, me-en-ur'je-ah (myon, energia). Mus- 
cular strength. 
Myentasis, me-en'tas-is (mus, muscle, entasis, a 
stretching). Stretching or extension of the muscles. 
Myentericus, me-en-ter'ik-us (myon, enteron, intes- 
tine). Relating to the muscular apparatus of the in- 
testines, as Plexus myentericus, Musculo-intestinal plexus, 
a nervous plexus situate between the circular and 
longitudinal fibres. 
Myginda (mij-ind'ah) rhaco'ma and M. uragoy'a. 
Two species of shrubs growing in the West Indies; 
the roots of both are diuretic. 
Myg'mus. Sigh. 
Myia, me-e'ah. Musca; fly. 
Myiasis, me-e'as-is (muia, fly). Disease due to larvae 
of flies. 
Myiocephalum, me-e-o-sef'al-um (muia, fly, kephale, 
head, from its resemblance). Ptosis iridis. 
Myiodeopsia, me-e-o-de-op'se-ah (muiodes, apper- 
taining to flies, opsis, vision). See Metamorphopsia. 
Myiodopsia, me-e-o-dop'se-ah. Metamorphopsia. 
727 
MYOCHRONOSCOPE 
Myistos, me-ist'os (mws, muscle, histos, tissue). Mus- 
cular tissue. 
Myitis, me-e'tis (myo, itis). Inflammation of a 
muscle; myositis; rheumatism, acute. 
Mykos, me'kos. Mucus. 
Mylabris cichorii, mil'ab-ris se-ko're-e. See Can- 
tharis. M. puncta'ta, see Cantharis. M. pustula'ta, 
see Cantharis. 
Mylacephalus, me-lah-sef'al-us (mule, mole, a, priv- 
ative, kephale, head). Monster with only traces of 
viscera, and without head or extremities. 
Mylacri, mil'ak-re (mule, millstone). Molar teeth. 
Mylacris, mil'ak-ris. Patella. 
My'le (mule, millstone). Patella; mole. 
Mylic, mil'ik. Molar. 
Myllos, mil'los. Vulva; lip. 
My'lo (mule, mill). In composition, the jaw, espe- 
cially the lower jaw. 
Mylodontes, mil-o-don'tees. Molar teeth. 
Mylodus, mil'o-dus (mule, mill, odous, tooth). Molar 
tooth. 
Myloglossus, me-lo-glos'sus. Winslow has given 
this name to muscular fibres which pass from the 
posterior part of the myloid line of the lower jaw, 
and from the sides of the base of the tongue to the 
parietes of the pharynx. These fibres belong to the 
constrictor superior pharyngis. 
Mylohyoid (mi-lo-hi'oid) ar'tery. Branch from 
inferior dental to mylohyoid muscle. M. furrow or 
groove, furrow passing from the superior orifice of 
the inferior dental canal of the lower jaw in the same 
direction as the canal, and lodging the mylohyoid 
nerve, a branch of the inferior dental. M. line, see 
Mylohyoideus. M. nerve, see Mylohyoid furrow. 
Mylohyoideus, me-lo-he-o-e'de-us. Mylopharyngeus 
of Morgagni and Santorini; situate at the upper and 
anterior part of the neck, behind the lower jaw; is 
broad, flat, and has the form of a truncated triangle. 
Arises from the internal oblique, internal maxillary, or 
mylohyoid line of the lower jaw-bone, and is inserted 
at the fore part of the body of the os hyoides. Its 
innermost fibres unite with those of the opposite side 
to form a raphe on the median line. The mylohyoi- 
deus raises the os hyoides and carries it forward, or 
it depresses the lower jaw. 
Mylopharyngeus, me-lo-far-in-ja'us. Constrictor 
pharyngis; mylohyoideus. 
Myloydes, me-lo-e'dees. Mylohyoideus. 
Myo (muon, muscle). In composition, muscle. 
Myoalbumose, me-o-al'bu-moze. Proteid of muscle- 
plasma, resembling or associated with myosin fer- 
ment. 
Myoatrophia lipomatosa, me-o-at-ro'fe-ah lip-o- 
mat-o'sah. False hypertrophic paralysis. 
Myoblasts, mi'o-blasts (mws, muscle, hlastos, germ). 
Cell-elements which go to form muscular fibres. 
Myobroma (me-o-bro'mah) fragrans. Vanilla 
planifolia. 
Myocarditis, me-o-kar-de'tis (myo, carditis). In- 
flammation of the muscular structure of the heart; 
chronic myocarditis may lead to myodegeneration or 
degeneration of the heart-muscles and induration. 
Carditis. 
Myocardium, me-o-kar'de-um (myo, kardia, heart). 
Muscular structure of the heart. See Heart. 
Myocele, me-o-se'le (Eng. mi'o-seel) (myo, kele, 
tumor). Muscular tumor. 
Myocephalitis, me-o-sef-al-e'tis (myo, kephale, head, 
itis). Inflammation of the muscles of the head. 
Myocephalon me-o-sef'al-on (muia, fly, kephale, 
head, from its resemblance). Ptosis iridis. 
Myochorditis, me-o-kord-e'tis. Inflammation of 
muscles of the larynx and vocal bands. 
Myochrome, mi'o-krome (myo, chroma, color). Pig- 
ment contained in muscles. Colored albuminous 
matter in the serum of red-colored muscles, which 
is identical with haematocry stall in. 
Myochronoscope, me-o-kron'o-scope (myo, chronos, 
time, skopeo, to view). Instrument for estimating ra- 
pidity with which muscles contract or for determin- 
ing transmission of nerve-stimuli through muscles. MYOCLONIA 
Myoclonia me-o-klon'e-ah (mus, klonos, twitching). 
Disease characterized by the occurrence of myoclonus. 
Myoclonus, me-ok'lo-nus (mus, muscle, klonos, 
twitching.) Muscle-spasm which attacks the muscles 
of the upper and lower extremities, and occasionally 
those of the back. M. multiplex, myoclonus. 
Myocoelialgia, me-o-se-le-al'je-ah (myo, koilia, abdo- 
men, algeo, to suffer). Pain in the muscles of the 
abdomen. 
Myocoelitis (me-o-se-le'tis) or Myoccelii'tis (myo, 
koilia, lower belly). Inflammation of the muscles 
of the abdomen. 
Myocolpitis, me-o-kol-pe'tis (myo, kolpos, vagina). 
Inflammation of muscular wall of vagina. 
Myocomma, me-o-kom'mah (myo, komma, slice). 
Myotome; muscular metamere. 
Myoctonic acid, me-ok-ton'ik as'id. Yellowish oil 
derived from Palicourea Macrafii; highly poisonous 
internally and intoxicant when inhaled. 
Myoctonine, me-ok'to-neen. Extract obtained from 
Aconitum lycoctonum; very poisonous, like curare. 
Myoctonin'ic ac'id. Myoctonic acid. 
Myoctonon, me-ok'ton-on. Aconitum napellus. 
Myocystis, me-o-sist'is. Cystic tumor of a muscle. 
Myocyte, mi'o-site. Muscle-cell. 
Myodemia, me-o-dem'e-ah (myo, demos, fat). Fatty 
degeneration of muscle. 
Myodeopsia, me-o-de-op'se-ah (muiodes, appertain- 
ing to flies, opsis, vision). Metamorphopsia. 
Myodes, me-o'dees. Like unto muscle; muscular. 
Myodesopsia, me-o-des-op'se-ah. Metamorphopsia. 
Myodiastasis, me-o-de-as'tas-is (diastasis). Separa- 
tion or rupture of muscle. 
Myodynamia, me-o-din-am'e-ah (myo, dunamis, 
power). Force or power of a muscle. 
Myodynamic, mi-o-di-nam'ik. Eelating to the 
power or force of muscular contraction. 
Myodynam'ics. See Muscular contraction. 
Myodynamiometer, mi-o-di-nam-e-om'e-tur (myo, 
dunamis, metron, measure). Dynamometer. 
Myodynamom'eter. Dynamometer. 
Myodynia, me-o-din'e-ah (myo, odune, pain). Pain 
in the muscles-rheumatismal or other. Rheumatism. 
M. inflammato'ria, myositis. M. puerpera'lis, my- 
algia, puerperal. 
Mycede'ma. Myoidema. 
Myo-endocarditis, me'o-en-do-kard-e'tis. Myocar- 
ditis and endocarditis existing at the same time. 
Myo-epithe'lial. Eelating to myo-epithelium. 
Myo-epithelium, me'o-ep-e-the'le-um. Myothelium 
or muscle-plate. 
Myofibroma, me-o-fib-ro'mah (myo, fibroma). Fi- 
brous degeneration of the muscular structure. 
Myogaster, me-o-gas'ter (myo, gaster, belly). Belly 
or thickened portion of a muscle. 
Myogastric, mi-o-gas'tric. Eelating to the belly of 
a muscle. 
Myogenesis, me-o-jen'es-is (myo, genesis, formation). 
Development of muscle-tissue. 
Myogenic, mi-o-jen'ik (myo, gennao, to produce). 
Muscular in its origin or development. See Paralysis, 
myogenic. 
Myoglobulin, mi-o-glob'u-lin. Globulin obtained 
from muscle; resembles serum-globulin; coagulates 
by heat at 63° C. 
Myogna'thus (myo, gnathos, jaw). Monster in which 
the supernumerary head has only muscular and cuta- 
neous attachment. 
Myogram, mi'o-gram (myo, gramma, drawing). 
Tracings obtained by the myograph of muscular con- 
tractions and relaxations. 
Myogrammata, me-o-gram'mah-taht (pl. of Myo- 
gramma). See Inscriptiones tendinese. 
Myograph, mi'o-graf (myo, grapho, to write). In- 
strument for taking tracings of muscular contraction. 
See Myographion. M., car'diac, cardiograph. 
Myographion, me-o-graf'e-on (myo, grapho, to 
write). Instrument consisting essentially of three 
parts-one to hold the muscle having the nerve at- 
tached; clockwork to move a revolving cylinder 
with regular velocity; and an arrangement for stimu- 
728 
MYOPIA 
lating the nerve at the proper moment; the object of 
the whole being to determine the rapidity of the 
nerve-current. 
Myog'raphy (myo, grapho, to describe). Anatomical 
description of muscles. Employment of the my- 
ograph. 
Myohsematin, mi-o-he'mat-in (myo, haima, blood). 
Nitrogenous pigment contained in muscles. 
Myoid, mi'oid (myo, eidos, resemblance). Epithet 
given to tumors composed of fibre-cells or muscular 
fibres of organic life. 
Myoidema, me-oi-da'mah (myo, oidema, elevation, 
tumefaction). A symptom of peculiar muscular irrita- 
bility in phthisis, exhibited in the elevation of nodules 
at points pressed upon by the fingers while percussing. 
Myoides, me-oid'ees. Muscle-like, as platysma 
myoides of the neck. 
Myolemma, me'o-lem-mah (myo, lemma, coat). Mem- 
branous covering of muscular fibrillae. 
Myolemmatic, me-o-lem-mat'ik. Eelating to myo- 
lemma. 
Myolin, me'o-lin (myo). Name given by Mr. Eras- 
mus Wilson to a transparent substance that fills the 
cells, which, he conceived, by their juxtaposition 
form the ultimate muscular fibril. 
Myolipoma, me-o-lip-o'mah. Tumor consisting of 
muscular and fatty tissue. 
Myology, mi-ol'o-je (myo, logos, discourse). Anat- 
omy which treats of the muscles. 
Myoma, me-o'mah (myo, oma). Myomatous tumor; 
muscular tumor. This name has also been used syn- 
onymously with Fibro-muscular tumor, Tumor fibro- 
musculosus, a fibrous tumor containing involuntary 
muscle. If the muscular fibres belong to the smooth 
variety, the tumors are called Leiomyomata; if to the 
striped, Rhabdomyomata. M. caverno'sum, myoma 
telangiectodes. M. Isevicellula're (Isevis, smooth, 
cellula, cellule). Term applied by Virchow to fibroid 
tumor of the uterus, undei' the view that the spindle- 
shaped cells observed in it are muscle-cells. 
Myomalacia, me-o-mal-ah'she-ah (myo, malakia, 
softness). Softening of muscle. 
Myomectomy (mi-o-mek'to-me) or Myomot'omy 
(myoma, ektome, a cutting out). Operation for removal 
of myoma of the uterus by abdominal section. 
Myomelanosis, me-o-mel-an-o'sis (myo, melas, black). 
Growth of a dark mass inside of a muscle. 
Myomere, me'o-mere. Segment of a muscle. 
Myometer, mi-om'e-tur (myo, metron, measure). In- 
strument intended to measure a muscle when con- 
tracting. 
My'on. Muscle. 
Myonarcosis, me-o-nar-ko'sis (myo, narke, stupor). 
Numbness of the muscles. 
Myoneoplasma, me-o-ne-o-plaz'mah (myo,neos, new, 
plasma, formation). Myoma. 
Myoneuralgia, me-o-nu-ral'je-ah. Muscular neur- 
algia, usually of the neck and lumbar region. 
Myonine, me'o-neen. Muscle-substance. 
Myonitis, me-o-ne'tis (myo, itis). Myositis. 
Myonosus, me-on'o-sus (myo, nosos, disease). Dis- 
ease of the muscles. 
Myopachynsis, me-o-pak-in'sis (myo, pachunsis). 
Hypertrophy affecting muscles. 
Myopalmus, me-o-pal'mus. Agitation; twitching 
of the tendons; subsultus tendinum. 
Myoparalysis, me-o-par-al'e-sis. Muscular paralysis. 
Myopathic, mi-o-path'ik. Pertaining to myopathy. 
Myopathy, mi-op'ath-e (myo, pathos, affection). Dis- 
ease of a muscle or muscles. 
Myope, me'o-pe. Myops. 
Myophone, mi'o-fon (myo, phone, voice). Instrument 
intended to estimate and detect the intensity of sound 
due to contraction of muscles. 
Myophonia, me-o-fo'ne-ah (same etymon). Sound 
of muscular contraction, as that of the ventricles of 
the heart during the systole of that organ. 
Myopia, me-o'pe-ah (muo, to close, ops, eye, from the 
habit with the myopic of half shutting the eyes; mus, 
mouse, ops, eye). Myopy, Shortsightedness, Nearsighted- 
ness, Mousesight, Purblindness. State of those who can MYOPIC 
only see objects very near. The defect is owing to 
the too great convexity or depth of the eye, or to too 
great density of the humors, and is palliated by 
wearing concave glasses. 
Myopic, mi-op'ik. Mope-eyed, Mopsical, Short- 
sighted, Poreblind, Purblind, Spurblind. Eelating or 
appertaining to myopia. M. cres'cent, whitish cres- 
centic space in the vicinity of the papilla, from ex- 
posure of the sclerotic by detachment of the choroid. 
Myopodiorthoticon, me-o-po-de-or-tho'tik-on (my- 
opia, diorthotikon, having power to correct). Appara- 
tus for the cure of shortsightedness. 
Myops, me'ops. Myope; one affected with myopia 
or shortsightedness. 
Myopsin, me-op'sin. Ferment of pancreatin; albu- 
men is digested by it. 
Myopy, mi-o'pe. Myopia. 
Myorcytes (me-or'sit-ees) Weisman'ni. Parasitic 
round-worm of small size occurring in muscles. 
Myorrheuma, me-or-rhu'mah (myo, rheuma, a flux, 
rheumatism). The severe pains felt in rheumatism. 
Myorrhexis, me-or-rheks'is (myo, rhexis, rupture). 
Eupture of a muscle. 
Myosarcoma, me-o-sar-ko'mah (myo, sarcoma). Sar- 
comatous tumor in which muscular fibres are found, 
or which has developed on a myoma. 
Myosclerosic (mi-o-skler-o'sik) palsy or paralysis 
(myo, sclerosis). See Paralysis, pseudohypertrophic. 
Myosin, me-o'sin. Globulin proteid, after death pro- 
ducing rigor mortis by its coagulation. See Muscle. 
Myosinizesis, me-o-sin-iz-a'sis. Condition in which 
muscle-fibres adhere to one another. 
Myosinogen, me-o-sin'o-jen (myosin, gennao, to be- 
get). Proteid of muscle-plasma; coagulated by heat 
at 56° C. 
Myosinoses, me-o-sin-o'sees. Products obtained 
when myosin is digested by gastric juice. 
Myosis, me-o'sis (muo, to close the eyes). Smallness 
or contraction of the pupil. Phthisis pupillaris. 
Permanent or preternatural contraction of the pupil; 
usually caused by iritis, and extremely difficult to 
cure, but it may be associated with locomotor ataxia, 
disseminated sclerosis, uraemia, opium-poisoning, etc. 
When it exists to such an extent as to obliterate the 
pupil, it is called Synizesis. Myopia. M., spastic, 
myosis caused by contraction of sphincter pupillae. 
M., spi'nal, myosis occurring in some affections of 
the spine. 
Myositic, mi-o-sit'ik (myosis). Causing contraction 
of the pupil, as opium. 
Myositis, mi-o-se'tis (myo, itis). Inflammation of the 
muscles; also rheumatism. Ossifying myositis arises 
from traumatic congestion, such as is induced by con- 
tinuous pressure, as in the cavalry and infantry drill; 
see Drill-bone. M., fi'brous or interstitial, myosis in 
which connective tissue is in a hyperplastic condition 
and the muscular fibres are atrophied. M. ossif'icans 
progressi'va lipomato'sa, myositis in which muscle- 
fibres become infiltrated with fat. M., pyse'mic, 
myositis due to pyaemia. M., pyretic, myositis caused 
by fever. M., specific, syphilitic myositis. M. 
trichino'sa, myositis due to presence of trichina 
spiralis in muscles. M. typho'sa, myositis character- 
ized by softening and other changes in muscles; this 
condition occurs sometimes in typhoid fever. 
Myosotis, me-o-so'tis (mus, mouse, ous, ear). Hier- 
acium pilosella. Acute rheumatism (mw, muscle). 
Myospasis, me-os'pas-is. Muscular contraction. 
Myospasm, mi'o-spazm. Spasm of a muscle; cramp. 
Myostici (mor'bi) me-os'tis-e (myo, osteon, bone). 
Diseases of the bones and muscles. 
Myostypses, me-o-stip'sees (myo, stupsis). Diseases 
in which muscular spasm of excreting ducts occurs. 
Myosuture, mi'o-su-ture. Muscle-suture. 
Myotalgia, me-o-tal'je-ah. Myalgia. 
Myotases, me-ot'as-ees. Muscular tensions. 
Myotatic, mi-o-tat'ik (myo, teino, to stretch). Ee- 
lating to muscular tension. M. contraction, con- 
traction which takes place when muscle-tendons are 
subjected to blows ; also called tendon reflex or ten- 
don jerk. 
729 
MYRISTIC 
Myotenotomy, mi-o-te-not'o-me (myo, tenon, tendon, 
tome, incision). The act of dividing or cutting muscles 
and tendons. 
Myothelium, me-o-the'le-um. Muscle-plate. 
Myothermic, mi-o-thur'mik (myo, therme, heat). 
Relating to heat generated by muscles. 
Myot'ic (muo, to close). Causing contraction of the 
pupil. 
Myotics, mi-o'tiks (muo, to close). Agents which 
contract the pupil-the Calabar bean, for instance. 
Myotility, mi-o-til'it-e (myon). Muscular contrac- 
tility. 
Myotome, mi'o-tome (myo, tome, section). The mus- 
cular section of the skeleton. 
Myotom'ia congen'ita. Thomsen's disease. 
Myotomy, mi-ot'o-me (myo, tome, section). Prac- 
tical anatomy treating of the dissection of the mus- 
cles; also surgical operation of the division of mus- 
cles to remove deformity. M., in'tra-oc'ular, ope- 
ration in which the ciliary muscle is divided. M., 
oc'ular, section of muscles in strabismus. 
Myotonus, me-ot'o-nus (myo, tonos). Muscular 
tone. 
Myotrichodina, me-o-trik-o-de'nah (myo, thrix, 
hair). Trichina spiralis. M. pimentoi'des, Pimenta 
citrifolia. 
Myotyrbe, me-o-tur'be (myo, turbe, disorder). 
Chorea. 
Myracopum, mir-ak'o-pum (muron, ointment, a, 
privative, kopos, fatigue). Ointment used by the an- 
cients in cases of fatigue. 
Myrcia acris, mer'se-ah ak'ris. Pimenta acris. See 
Spiritus myrcise. 
Myrepsus, mir-ep'sus (muron, ointment). One who 
makes and sells ointments. 
Myriagramme, mir'e-a-gram (gramma, gramme). 
Weight equal to 10,000 grammes, or to 26 pounds 
9 ounces and 6 drachms Troy. 
Myrialitre, mir'e-ah-le-t'r (murioi, ten thousand, 
litre). French measure of capacity containing 10,000 
litres, equal to 2642 U. S. gallons. 
Myriametre, mir'e-a-me-t'r. Measure of 10,000 
metres, equal to 16 miles 1 furlong 156 yards 14 in. 
Myrica asplenifolia, mir-e'kah as-plen-e-fo'le-ah 
(murike, tamarisk). Comptonia asplenifolia. M. 
cerif'era, see Cera jlava, C. alba, and Wax, myrtle. M. 
ga'le, Dutch myrtle, Sweet gale, Sweet willow (Sc.), 
ord. Myricacese. Leaves, flow'ers, and seeds have 
a strong fragrant smell and a bitter taste; used for 
destroying moths and cutaneous insects; infusion is 
given internally as a stomachic and vermifuge. M. 
pains'tris, M. gale. 
Myricin, mir'is-in. One of the substances con- 
tained in wax ; undissolved matter remaining when 
wax is boiled with alcohol. 
Myringa, mir-in'gah. Membrana tympani. 
Myringitis, mir-in-je'tis (myringa, membrana tym- 
pani). Inflammation of the membrana tympani, and 
also of the tympanum. 
Myringodectomy, mir-in-go-dek'to-me (myringa, 
ektome, excision). Excision of a part or the whole 
of the membrana tympani. See Sphyrotomy. 
Myringomycosis, mir-in-go-me-ko'sis (myringa, 
membrana tympani, mukosis, fungous disease). My- 
ringomyringitis, Otitis parasitica. Inflammatory affec- 
tion of the meatus of the ear caused by parasitic 
vegetable growths, the Aspergillus nigrescens and A. 
flavescens. 
Myringomyringitis, mir-in-go-mir-in-je'tis (myrin- 
ga, membrana tympani). Myringomycosis. 
Myringoplasty, mir-in'go-plas-te (myringa, plasso, 
to form). Plastic operation on membrana tympani. 
Myringotome, mir-in'go-tome (myrinx, tome, in- 
cision). Surgical knife for making incision into 
membrana tympani. 
Myrinx, mir'inks. Membrana tympani. 
Myris (muron, perfumed oil or ointment). Per- 
fumed oil-jar or ointment-box. 
Myristate, mir'ist-ate. Salt of myristic acid. 
Myristic acid, mir-is'tik as'id. Acid found in the 
oil of nutmeg. MYRISTICA 
Myristica, mir-is'te-kah {muron, liquid perfume, 
muro, to flow). Ord. Myristiceae. Tree which pro- 
duces the nutmeg and mace. The Nutmeg (kernel of 
seed of Myristica fragrans), Myristica (Ph. U. S. and Br.), 
is the kernel of the fruit. It has a fragrant, aromatic 
odor, an agreeable pungent taste, and is much used for 
culinary purposes. Alcohol extracts its active matter. 
It has the properties of aromatics in general, being 
stimulant and stomachic. The oil- Oleum myristicse 
or 0. nucistse sethereum, Volatile oil of nutmeg-possesses 
the virtues of the nutmeg. Dose of the nutmeg is gr. v 
to 9,j; of the oil, gtt. iij-vj. Mace is the arillus of 
the fruit; it is membranous, with the odor and taste 
of the nutmeg, and is possessed of similar qualities. 
The Oleum mads or macidis is a fragrant, sebaceous 
substance expressed in the East Indies; it is only 
used externally. It is the Adeps myristicse, Oleum 
myristicse expressum, Oleum or Balsamum nucistse, Butter 
of nutmegs, Expressed oil of mace or nutmegs. M. aro- 
mat'ica, myristica. M. fra'grans, myristica. M. 
moscha'ta, myristica. M. offlcina'lis, myristica. M. 
oto'ba, tree native of Columbia, said to possess tonic 
properties. M. sebif'era, tree native of Guiana and 
Brazil; ocuba wax is obtained from the seeds. 
Myristicse nucleus, mir-is'te-se nu'kle-us. See 
Myristica moschata. 
Myristicatio hepatis, mir-is-te-kah'she-o hep'at-is. 
Liver, nutmeg. 
Myristicene, mir-is'te-seen. A stearopten of the oil 
of Caryophyllus aromaticus. 
Myristin, mir-is'tin. Glyceride of myristic acid 
occurring in the oil of nutmeg. 
Myrmecia, mir-me'she-ah. Formica; growth on 
palms or soles producing sensation of formication. 
Myrmeciasis, mir-me-se'as-is. Convulsio cerealis; 
formication. 
Myrmeciasmus, mir-me-se-az'mus. Convulsio cere- 
alis; formication. 
Myrmecizon, mir-me'se-zon. Formicant. 
Myrmex, mir'meks. Formica. 
Myrobalanus, mir-o-bal'an-us {myron, balanos, nut). 
Myrobalan. Dried Indian fruit of the plum kind, of 
different species of Terminalia, ord. Combretacese. 
Of this there are several varieties: the M. bellirica, 
or Belliric myrobalan, Bellegu, Bellerigi, Belnileg; the 
M. chebula or Ghebule myrobalan; the M. citrina or Yel- 
low myrobalan, Arara; the M. emblica or Emblic myro- 
balan ; and the M. Indica, Asuar, Indian, or Black myro- 
balan. All the myrobalans have an unpleasant, bit- 
terish, very austere taste, and strike an inky black- 
ness with a solution of steel. They are said to possess 
laxative as well as astringent properties. 
Myrocarpus (mir-o-karp'us) fastigiat'us. Cabri- 
ura preta; contains a balsam resembling balsam of 
Tolu. 
Myron, me'ron. Myrum; unguentum. 
Myronate, mi'ron-ate. Salt of myronic acid. M. 
of potas'sium, glucoside occurring in black mustard- 
seeds. 
Myron'ic ac'id. Acid which is present in Sinapis 
nigra combined with potassium. 
Myrophorum, mir-of'o-rum {muron, ointment, phero, 
to carry). Instrument to facilitate the application of 
ointments to parts difficult of access. 
Myropissoceron, mir-o-pis-so-se'ron {myron, pissa, 
pitch, keros, wax). Topical application in alopecia, 
referred to by Galen. 
Myropceus, mir-o-pe'us {myron, poieo, to make). 
One who makes ointments. 
Myropoles, mir-o-po'lees {myron, poieo, to sell). One 
who sells ointments. 
Myrosin, mi'ro-sin. Nitrogenous ferment con- 
tained in black mustard-seed. 
Myrospermum (mir-o-spur'mum) emargina'tum 
{myron, sperma, seed). Myroxylon frutescens. M. 
erythrox'ylon, Myroxylon Peruiferum. M. fru- 
tescens, Myroxylon Peruiferum. M. Perel'rse, 
see Myroxylon Peruiferum. M. Peruif'erum, see 
Myroxylon Peruiferum. M. of Sonsonate, see Myrox- 
ylon Peruiferum. M. Toluif'erum, see Toluifera bal- 
samum. 
730 
MYRTLE 
Myrosyne, mir-os'in-e (sweet-scented juice). Prin- 
ciple closely allied to emulsin found in black mustard- 
seeds ; also in horseradish root. 
Myroxocarpin, mir-oks-o-kar'pin {myroxylon, karpos, 
fruit or seed). See Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
Myroxylin, mir-oks-il'in. Substance contained in 
wood and bark of Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
Myroxylon, mir-oks'il-on {myron, xulon, wood). 
See M. Peruiferum. M. Perei'rse, tree of Central 
America and the Pacific coast, source of officinal bal- 
sam of Peru. M. Peruif'erum, Quinquina, Cabureiba ; 
ord. Leguminosae. Tree which affords the Peruvian 
balsam, Balsamum Peruvianum or Peruvianum nigrum 
or Peruanum or Indicum, Putzochill, Myroxyli Peruifera 
balsamum, Myroxylon, Cabureiciba, Indian, Mexican, or 
American balsam. Balsamum Peruvianum (Ph. U. S. 
and Br.) is obtained from Myroxylon Pereirae. It 
consists of benzoic acid, resin, and essential oil. The 
odor is fragrant and aromatic; taste hot and bitter; 
soluble in alcohol, and miscible in water by the aid 
of mucilage. Stimulant and tonic, and considered 
to be expectorant; as such it has been employed in 
paralysis, chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, rheu- 
matism, gleet, leucorrhoea, etc., and externally for 
cleansing and stimulating foul indolent ulcers. Dose, 
gtt. v. to xxx. White balsam of Peru, natural bal- 
sam, balsamum album, sfyrax alba, balsamelaeon, is 
obtained by incision from Myrospermum Peruiferum. 
The Myroxylon of Sonsonate in Central America- 
Myrospermum Pereiras of Dr. Boyle-M. of Sonsonate, 
according to the Ph. Br., furnishes balsam of Peru. 
From it is obtained a resinous principle called Myrox- 
ocarpin. M. of Son'sonate, see M. Peruiferum. M. 
Toluif'erum, Toluifera balsamum. 
Myroxytlc (mir-oks-it'ik) ac'id. Acid prepared 
from cinnamein. 
Myrrha, mir'rah (muro, to flow) (Ph. U.S.). Myrrh. 
Exudation of a plant of Abyssinia or Arabia Felix, 
or Balsamodendron myrrha. This gum-resin has a 
fragrant, peculiar odor, and bitter aromatic taste. It 
is in reddish-yellow, light, brittle, irregular tears; 
partially soluble in distilled water when aided by 
friction; s. g. 1.360; is stimulant, and has been 
used in cachectic affections, humoral asthma, chronic 
bronchitis, etc., and, in the form of tincture, as a 
mouth-wash. Dose, gr. x to 3j- M. imperfec'ta, 
bdellium. 
Myrrhine, mir'rheen. Myrtus. 
Myrrhis (mir'rhis) an'nua. Athamanta cretensis. 
M. ma'jor, Chaerophyllum odoratum. M. odora'ta, 
Chaerophyllum odoratum. 
Myrrhol, mir'rhol. Volatile oil, CioHuO, derived 
from myrrha. 
Myrsinat'on. Plaster in which oil of myrtle is 
contained. 
Myrsine, mur-seen'e. Myrtus. 
Myrsinelaeon, mur-sin-el-e'on {mursine, myrtle, 
elaion, oil). Oil of myrtle. 
Myrsinltes, mur-sin-e'tees. Wine in which branches 
of myrtle have been macerated. 
Myrtacantha, mur-tak-an'thah {myrtus, akantha, 
thorn). Ruscus. 
Myrtidanon, mur-tid'an-on {myrtus, myrtle). Ex- 
crescence growing on the trunk of the myrtle and 
used as an astringent. Also wine-Vinum myrtidanum 
-made from wild myrtle-berries. 
Myrtifolia Belgica, mur-te-fo'le-ah belj'ik-ah {myr- 
tus, folium, leaf). Myrica gale. 
Myrtiform, mur'te-form {myrtus, forma, shape). 
Having the shape of a leaf of myrtle. Name given 
to a muscle (depressor alae nasi), to the fossa incisiva, 
to certain caruncles, etc. 
Myrtiformis, mur-te-for'mis. Compressor naris; 
depressor alae nasi. See Myrtiform. 
Myrtillus, mur-til'lus. See Vaccinium myrtillus. 
Myrtltes, mur-te'tees {murton, the myrtle-berry). 
Name given to medicine prepared with honey and 
myrtle-berries. 
Myrtle, mur't'l. Myrtus. M., bas'tard, Myrica 
gale. M. ber'ry, Vaccinium myrtillus. M. can'dle- 
berry, see Wax, myrtle. M., Dutch, Myrica gale. M. MYRTOCHEILIDES 
tree, Myrtus communis. M. wax, see Wax, myrtle. 
M., wild, ruscus. 
Myrtocheilides, mur-to-kile'e-dees (sing. Myrto- 
cheilis) {myrton, cheilos, a small lip). Nymphse. 
Myrtochila, mur-to-ke'lali {myrton, cheilos, a lip). 
Nymphae. 
Myrtodes, mur-to'dees {myrtus, odes). Myrtiform. 
Myrtol, mur'tol. Oil obtained from leaves of Myrtus 
communis by distillation; recommended in catarrhal 
affections; dose, 5 minims. 
Myr'ton. Clitoris. 
Myr'tus. The myrtle. Ord. Myrtaceae. Berries of 
this plant have been recommended in alvine and 
uterine fluxes and other disorders of relaxation and 
debility. Moderately astringent and somewhat aro- 
matic. M. a'cris, see Spiritus myrcise. M. an'glica, 
Myrica gale. M. Braban'tica, Myrica gale. M. cary- 
ophylla'ta, tree which is considered to afford the Clove 
hark, Cortex caryophyllatus or caryophyllata. Bark is a 
warm aromatic, resembling clove with an admixture 
of cinnamon. May be used with the same views as 
cloves or cinnamon; see Spiritus myrcise. M. cary- 
ophyl'lus, Eugenia caryophyllata. M. cauliflo'ra, 
Jaboticabeira. Decoction of the bark is aromatic and 
astringent, and is employed in sore throat. M. chekan', 
cheken, chekan, chequen; tree or shrub, native of 
Chili; leaves have been recommended in bronchitis. 
M. commu'nis, myrtle. M. leucoden'dron, Melaleuca 
cajuputi. M. pimen'ta, tree which bears the Jamaica 
pepper, Pimentse baccse, Pimento berries, Pimento, Allspice. 
The nearly ripe berries-Pimenta (Ph. U. S. and Br.), 
Pimento-have an aromatic odor, resembling a mixture 
of cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves; the taste is pungent, 
but mixed like the odor. Like other peppers, this is 
stimulant and carminative. The oil-Oleum pimentse- 
possesses the virtues of the berries. The powdered 
fruit has been called Four spices. Dose, gr. v to Qij. 
Aqua pimentse, Pimento-water, was officinal in several 
pharmacopoeias; it is carminative. Dose, or 
My'rum. Perfumed oil or ointment. Liquid per- 
fume. Spontaneously exuding juice of many plants, 
especially of that from which myrrh is obtained. 
Mys. Muscle. 
Mysiologia, mis-e-o-loj'e-ah {mys, logos, a discourse). 
Myology. 
Mysitis, mis-e'tis {mys, itis, inflammation). Myo- 
sitis. 
Mysophobia, mis-o-fo'be-ah {musos, uncleanness, 
phobos, fear). Morbid fear of contamination or in- 
fection. 
Mystachial, mis-tak'e-al. Pertaining to upper lip. 
Mystax, mis'taks {mastax, mustax). Hair growing 
on each side of the upper lip in men. Mustache or 
Mustachio ; also the upper lip. 
Mysterion, mis-te're-on (mystery). Arcanum, nos- 
trum, or secret preparation in general. 
Mys'tron. A Greek measure which held about 
three drachms. 
Mytilotoxine, mit-il-o-toks'een {mutilos, mussel, tox- 
ikon, poison). C6H15NO2. Ptomaine existing in poi- 
sonous mussels; is a violent poison resembling curare. 
See Ptomaines (table). 
Mytilus edulis, mit'il-us ed-u'lis. Common mus- 
sel ; bivalve, the flesh of which, when at all in a 
state of decomposition, is highly poisonous; when 
fresh it is an agreeable but not very digestible arti- 
cle of diet, producing in some persons all the symp- 
toms of urticaria. One affected with such phenomena 
is said, occasionally, to be musselled. 
Myurus (me-u'rus) or Myur'ous. The pulse is so 
called when it sinks progressively and becomes 
smaller and smaller like a mouse's tail Imus, mouse, 
our a, tail). Pulsus myurus reciprocus, a pulse which, 
after having become gradually weaker, resumes by 
degrees its former character. 
Myxa, miks'ah. Mucus; sebestena. 
Myxadenitis, miks-ad-en-e'tis. Inflammation of a 
mucous gland. M. fibro'sa, myxadenitis in which 
the connective tissue is in a hyperplastic condition. 
Myxadeno'ma. Myxoadenoma. 
Myxaemia, miks-e'me-ah {muxa, mucus, haima, 
731 
MYZESIS 
blood). Condition in which mucus accumulates in 
the blood, tissues, and secretions. 
Myxangeiitis, miks-an-ji-e'tis. Inflamed condi- 
tion of outlets of mucous glands; that is, of mucous 
canals. 
Myxeurysma, miks-u-riz'mah. Lymphangeioma 
cavernosum. 
Myxiosis, miks-e-o'sis (muxa, mucus, osis). Gonor- 
rhoea impura. 
Myxoadenoma, miks-o-ad-en-o'mah (myxa, adeno- 
ma). Glandular tumor in the cystic spaces of which 
gelatinous material has been generated. 
Myxochondroma, miks-o-kon-dro'mah (myxa, chon- 
dr os, cartilage). Myxoma containing the honeycomb- 
like septa, such as are met with in chondroma. 
Myxochondrosarcoma, miks-o-kon-dro-sark-o'mah. 
Variety of myxosarcoma in which cartilage-cells exist. 
Myxocolica, miks-o-kol'e-kah (muxa, mucus, colica, 
colic). Mucous colic. 
Myxocylindroma, miks-o-sil-in-dro'mah. Myxosar- 
coma. 
Myxoedema, miks-e-de'mah {muxa, mucus, oidao, to 
swell). Disease characterized by hyperplasia of con- 
nective tissue and mucoid infiltration of the cutis 
and surrounding organs. The thyroid gland also 
becomes atrophied. 
Myxofibroma, miks-o-fib-ro'mah. Myxomatous fibro- 
ma, Fibromyxoma; fibrous growth containing mucus, 
the result of softening; sometimes attains a very 
large size. 
Myxoglio'ma. See Gliomyxoma. 
Myxoides, miks-o-e'dees (myxa, mucus, eidos, resem- 
blance). Muciform; mucous. 
Myxolipoma, miks-o-lip-o'mah. Lipomatous myx- 
oma. 
Myxoma, miks-o'mah (pl. Myxo'mata) (myxa, oma). 
Myxomatous, Mucous, or Mucoid tumor; elastic, soft 
tumor, composed of loose tissue with a semifluid 
matrix, resembling the Whartonian jelly of the um- 
bilical cord or the vitreous humor. One variety is 
benign, its tissue resembling embryonic tissue; an- 
other variety is recurrent after removal, and is allied 
to sarcoma, or sometimes combined with it, as in myxo- 
sarcoma. Originally described by J. Muller as Collo- 
nema. Types are to be found in gelatin oid polypus 
of the nose, ear, etc., cystic neuromata, etc. M., car- 
tilaginous, myxoma containing cartilage-like cells. 
M., cys'tic, myxoma containing fluid material, giv- 
ing it the appearance of cystic. M., diffuse', of the 
placen'ta, vesicular mole. M., erec'tile, myxoma 
rich in vessels. M., lipo'matous, myxoma in which 
a large quantity of fat is contained. 
Myxomatodes, miks-o-mat-o'dees. Resembling 
myxoma; term applied to mucocarneous sarcomata. 
See Myxosarcoma. 
Myxomatous (miks-o'mat-us) degeneration of the 
placen'ta. Mole. M. sarco'ma, myxosarcoma. 
Myxomyceles, miks-o-me'se-lees. (muxa, mucus, 
mukes, fungus). Tribe of parasites usually reckoned 
among the fungi, but occupying an intermediate posi- 
tion between the animal and vegetable kingdoms. 
Myxomycelous, miks-o-me-se'lus. Belonging or 
relating to the myxomyceles. 
Myxoneuroma, miks-o-nu-ro'mah. Interstitial tis- 
sue between the nerve-filaments of neuroma, resem- 
bling mucous tissue. 
Myxorrheos, miks-or-rhe'os (muxa, mucus, rheo, to 
flow). One who is subject to mucous discharge. Ap- 
plied to an infant that discharges a considerable 
quantity of mucus and saliva. 
Myxosarcoma, miks-o-sar-ko'mah (muxa, mucus, 
sarx, flesh). Myxomatous or Mucocarneous sarcoma; 
mucous transformation of round-celled sarcoma, ma- 
lignant and of large volume, usually attacking the 
omentum, skin, etc. 
Myxospores, miks'o-spors. Spores originating 
within a mass containing gelatin. 
Myxoter, miks-o'ter (muxoter, nostril). Nose. 
Myydrocystic, me-e-dro-sis'tic (mus, muscle, hydro- 
cystis, hydatid). Hydatid existing in the flesh. 
Myzesis, miz-a'sis (muzeo, to suck). Sucking. N 
732 
NANUS 
N. 
N. This letter, in prescriptions, is an abridgment 
of nwmero, by number; sign of refraction; also sym- 
bol of nitrogen. 
Na. Symbol of natrium or sodium. 
Nabalus (nab'al-us) al'bus (nabla, harp, owing to 
the lyrate leaves). White lettuce, Lion's foot, Rattle- 
snake's master, Rattlesnake root, Gall of the earth. In- 
digenous plant, ord. Composite, which, with several 
other species of the genus, is reputed to possess the 
power of curing the bites of serpents. The root has 
been used in dysentery. Poultice has been employed 
in ulcers, gangrenous sores, etc. N. Fraseri has sim- 
ilar properties. 
Na'bot. Saccharum candidum. 
Naboth, glands, etc. of. See Nabothi. 
Nabothi glandulae, na-bo'the glan'du-le. Glands 
of Naboth. Small mucous crypts or follicles situate 
in the interstices of the duplicatures of the lining 
membrane of the cervix uteri. Naboth, from noticing 
them in a morbid condition, mistook them for ova, and 
hence they received the name ovula Nabothi. The 
term Na&otAian cyst has been applied to a form of mu- 
cous cyst involving the glands just referred to, and 
in their nature resembling the cystic degeneration of 
Cowper's gland in the male, Cowperian cyst. N. men- 
orrha'gia, serous vaginal discharge occurring in 
pregnant women, first observed by Naboth. 
Nacra, nak'rah. Nakra, Nasa. Kind of influenza 
common in the East Indies. 
Nacreous, nak're-us. Margaritaceous. 
Nacta, nak'tah. Abscess, mammary. 
Naegele's (na'ge-le's) pel'vis. Oblique distortion 
of the pelvis described by Naegele, not suspected dur- 
ing life and fatal to mother and child, which depends 
on arrest of development, fusion of the sacrum with 
the ilium, or ankylosis after inflammation of the 
sacroiliac joint. 
Naevi, ne've. See Naevus. N. i'ridis, melanoma 
iridis. N., pig'mentary, see Naevus. N. pila'res, see 
Naevus. N. spi'li, see Naevus. N. vasculo'si, see 
Naevus. 
Naevoid, ne'void (naevus, eidos, resemblance). Re- 
sembling naevus, as naevoid elephantiasis. 
Naevus, ne'vus. Mother's or Fancy or Pigment marts, 
Mother's spots, Port-wine stains. Spots of various kinds 
on the skin of children when born, which have been 
attributed to the influence of the maternal imagina- 
tion on the foetus in utero. They are of various 
appearances, some much better supplied with blood 
than others. Some are merely superficial or stain- 
like spots, pigmentary naevi; others are prominent- 
naevi vasculosi, vascular tumors-and often have long, 
irregular hairs growing from them. Others are 
rounded, fatty growths covered with normal skin, 
naevi lipomatodes. These have been usually called 
moles, naevi pilares, N. spili, spili, spilomata, epichroses 
spili, etc. See Telangiectasia. When naevi are superfi- 
cial, without any disposition to enlarge or spread, they 
need not be meddled with, but all those partaking of 
the character of aneurism by anastomosis had better 
be removed where practicable. N. ara'neus, naevus of 
a vascular character resembling the shape of spiders' 
legs. N., capillary, formed of superficial cutaneous 
capillaries. Port-wine mark is a variety of this form. 
N. caverno'sus, naevus with new vascular growth, 
and both erectile and compressible. N. cuticula'ris, 
N., capillary. N. fibromato'sus, naevus in which pieces 
of fibrous tissue exist. N. flam'mus, angioma. N. 
lipomato'des, soft and fatty form of naevus. N. ma- 
ter'nus, naevus. N. pigmento/sus, naevus; pigment- 
ary mole or birth-mark. N. sigilTum, naevus. N. 
spi'lus, see Naevus. N. vascula'ris or vasculo'sus, 
naevus. N., ve'nous, consists of veins and sinuses 
adhering to connective tissue. N. verruco'sus, pig- 
mented mole with a warty appearance. 
Nafda, naf'dah. Naphtha. 
Naf'ta. Naphtha. 
Nail. Whitish, transparent substance, similar to 
horn, covering the dorsal extremity of the fingers. 
Three portions are distinguished in it: the extremity, 
which is free, at the end of the finger; the body or 
middle portion, adherent by its inner surface; and 
the root, Onychorrhiza, Rhinonychia, Radix or Matrix 
unguis, Intimum unguis. The last presents two distinct 
parts: the one, terminated by a thin, serrated edge, 
is buried in a duplicature of the skin, Vallecula unguis, 
which acts the part of a Nail-follicle ; the other, called 
Lunula or Semilunula or Selene or Arcus or JExortus or 
Anatole or Albedo unguium, is whitish and of a semi- 
lunar shape, and is situate above the part where the 
epidermis terminates. The surface covered by the 
nail is called the Nail-bed. The nails are composed cf 
a horny tissue, of the same nature as that forming the 
hoofs, horns, and scales of different animals. When 
the nail has been torn off, the papillae of the skin be- 
come covered by a soft, whitish lamina, whose con- 
sistence gradually augments. New laminae are then 
formed underneath, and give the nail the thickness 
it ought to possess. The corneous substance being 
thus constantly produced at the extremity of each of 
these laminae, the whole of the nail is pushed for- 
ward, and it would grow indefinitely were it not cut 
or worn by friction. The nails protect and support 
the extremities of the fingers against the impression 
of hard bodies; they are also useful in laying hold of 
small bodies and dividing those that have but little 
consistence. N., defoeda'tion of, see Defoedation. N., 
degeneration of, see Defoedation. N., fa'vus of, ony- 
chomycosis. N., hang, see Hangnail. N., ingrow'- 
ing or in'grown, onyxis. N., inversion of, onyxis. 
N., stri'ated, nail marked with longitudinal furrows. 
Nail-bed. See Nail. 
Nail'er's consumption. Variety of siderosis. 
Nail-folTicle. See Nail. 
NaiVspring. Hangnail. 
Nail'wort. Draba incana. 
Na'ja tripu'dians. Cobra di capello. 
Nakta. Nacra. 
Namangeiitis, nam-an-ji-e'tis (nama, a stream, an- 
geion, vessel). Lymphangitis. 
Nang'nail. Hangnail. 
Nan'ism (nanos, dwarf). Dwarfishness. 
Nanna'ri. Hemidesmus Indicus. 
Nannyberry, nan-ne-ber're. Viburnum lentago. 
Nanocephalia, nan-o-sef-al'e-ah (nanus, kephale, 
head). See Nanocephalus. 
Nanocephalus, nan-o-sef'al-us. Nanocephalia. One 
of a monstrous state, in which the whole head or cer- 
tain of its parts are too small, whilst the trunk and 
extremities are normal. 
Nanocormia, nan-o-kor'me-ah. See Nanocormus. 
Nanocormus, nan-o-kor'mus (nanus, kormos, trunk). 
Nanocormia. One of a monstrous condition, in which 
the trunk is too small, whilst the head possesses its 
normal size. 
Nan'oid (nanos, dwarf, eidos, shape). Dwarfish. 
Nanomelia, nan-o-mel'e-ah. See Nanomelus. 
Nanomelus, nan-om'el-us (nanus, melos, limb). One 
of a monstrous condition, in which some part of an 
extremity is too small and the whole limb too short; 
Nanomelia. 
Nanophyes, nan-of'e-ees (nanos, dwarf, phuo, to 
grow). Dwarfish. 
Nanosomia, nan-o-so'me-ah (nanus, soma, body). 
Dwarfishness. State in which the entire body, with 
all its parts, is smaller than common. 
Nanosomus, nan-o-so'mus. Nanus. 
Na'nus (nanos, a dwarf). Dwarfish; one much 
below the usual stature. Term applicable to all 
organized beings, from man to the vegetable. Trees NAPACONITINE' 
have their dwarfs, as has the human species. See 
Pigmy. 
Napaconitine, nap-ak-on'it-een. Aconitine. 
Nape of the neck. Nucha. 
Napellina (nap-el-le'nah) or Napelline, nap-el'leen. 
White alkaloid from root of Aconitum napellus; 
used subcutaneously in neuralgia. 
Napellus (na-pel'us) ve'rus (dim. of Napus, a tur- 
nip). Aconitum napellus. 
Naphse (naf'e) flo'res. See Citrus aurantium. N. 
syru'pus, syrupus aurantii florum. 
Naph'tha. From a Chaldaic and Syriac word 
signifying bitumen. Bituminous substance found in 
Persia, Calabria, Sicily, etc. Is liquid, limpid, of a 
yellowish-white color, a smell slightly resembling 
that of' oil of turpentine, and lighter than water. 
Resembles petroleum in its properties, and has been 
chiefly used as an external application, although, 
occasionally, as an anthelmintic, and in inhalation in 
phthisis pulmonalis. See ASther and Acetone. N. 
ace'ti, see Aether sulphuricus. N., coal-tar, light, see 
Anaesthetic. N. pe'trse, N. petro'lei, petroleum. N. 
sulphu'rica, aether sulphuricus. N. vegetab'ilis, 
aether aceticus. N. vitrio'li, aether sulphuricus. N. 
vitrio'li camphora'ta, tinctura aetherea camphorata. 
N. vitrio'li martia'lis, tinctura or alcohol sulphuri- 
co-aethereus ferri. N., wood, acetone. 
Naph'thae o'leum. Oleum aethereum. 
Naph'thalene. Naphthalin. 
Naph'thalin. CioHs. When coal tar is subjected to 
distillation, naphthalin passes over after coal naphtha. 
It is also obtained by action of heat as phenylbuty- 
lene. White, shining, concrete, crystalline substance, 
fusible at 176° and boiling at 423°. Soluble in alco- 
hol, ether, naphtha, and the oils, but insoluble in 
water. It is antiseptic and disinfectant, anthelmin- 
tic, and has been used as an excitant expectorant in 
the dose of 8 to 15 grains, in emulsion or syrup. 
When made into an ointment it is used in psoriasis, 
lepra vulgaris, etc. 
Naphthalol, naf'thal-ol. CioHtOH. fl-naphthol- 
salicylic ether or betol. Given internally as an anti- 
septic. See Betol. 
Naphthol (naf'thol) or Naphtho'leum. Iso-naph- 
thol ; beta-naphthol. It has antiseptic properties, and 
is used locally in cutaneous affections, in ointment and 
alcoholic solution; in chronic affections of the middle 
ear attended with suppuration, etc. Internally, in 
doses of five grains, it is used in intestinal antisepsis, 
in chronic diarrhoea, etc. It is bactericidal, and in 
solution of 1 to 1000 it is employed for preserving 
pathological specimens, etc. Alpha-naphthol is iso- 
meric with beta-naphthol; is decidedly antiseptic, and 
fatal to bacilli of typhoid fever and tuberculosis. 
Also a test for sugar in urine. N., cam'phorated, used 
antiseptically for furuncles, diphtheritic sore throat, 
tuberculosis-in the latter disease being administered 
by injection into the parenchyma of the lung-in 
tuberculous abscesses, etc. 
Naph'thol-ar'istol. Diiodbeta-naphthol. 
Naph'thol-py'rine. A phenol compound of anti- 
pyrine. 
Naphtosalol, naf-to-sal'ol. Betol. 
Napiform, na'pe-form (napus, turnip, forma, shape). 
Epithet for a form of scirrhous tumor, carcinoma 
reticulare, whose cut surface presents concentric lines 
resembling those seen in the interior of a turnip. 
Napium, nap'e-um. Lapsana; sinapis. 
Napta, nap'tah. Naphtha; nata. 
Napus (napu, mustard). Sinapis. N. leucosin- 
a'pis, Sinapis alba. N. sylves'tris, Brassica napus. 
Na'py. Sinapis. 
Nara. Dracunculus. 
Na'ram. Dracunculus. 
Narca, nar'kah (narke, stupor). Narcosis. 
Narcaphthon, nar-kaf'thon. Bark of an aromatic 
tree formerly brought from India; by some supposed 
to be that of the tree affording the olibanum; used in 
fumigation in diseases of the lungs. See Lacaphthon 
and Thymiama. 
Narce, nar'se (narke, stupor). Narcosis, 
733 
NARCURETH RITIS 
Narcein, nar'se-in. Narceina, Narceia. C23H29NO9. 
One of the alkaloids of opium, which is in colorless, 
silky needles, and of bitterish, metallic taste, slightly 
soluble in water, insoluble in ether, and very soluble 
in alcohol. Said to exceed all the opium alkaloids in 
soporific power, without producing the disagreeable 
secondary effects. 
Narceina, nar-se'mah. Narcosis. 
Narcephlogia, nar-se-flo'je-ah. State in which 
small-pox and a typhoid condition coexist. 
Narcerysipelas, nars-er-e-sip'el-as (narke, stupor, 
erysipelas). Erysipelas in which stupor exists. 
Narcesis, nar-sa'sis. Narcosis. 
Narcissine, nar-sis'seen. Alkaloid discovered by 
Girard in the bulb of the daffodil. 
Narcis'sus (narke, stupor) jonquil'la. Same me- 
dicinal properties as N. pseudonarcissus. N. poet'- 
icus, bulb is reputed to be emetic and cathartic. N. 
pseudonarcis'sus, Daffodil, Bellflower, Butter and eggs, 
Lent rose; ord. Amaryllidacese. Root is emetic and ca- 
thartic, in the dose of oj ; flowers are antispasmodic. 
Narcodes, nar-ko'dees. Narcotic. 
Narcolepsy, nar'ko-lep-se. Tendency in some af- 
fections to frequently fall into deep sleep, but only 
of short duration. 
Narcoma, nar-ko'mah (narke, numbness, oma). 
Stupor produced by narcotics. 
Narcomatous, nar-kom'at-us. Relating to narcoma. 
Narcopepsis, nar-ko-pep'sis. Slow digestion. 
Nar'cose. In a state of stupor. 
Narcosis, nar-ko'sis. Torpor, Stupor, Stupefaction. 
Aggregate effects produced by narcotic substances. 
At times narcotism is confined to a state of more or 
less profound stupor, and constitutes, in certain cases, 
a useful remedial condition; at others it is a true 
poisoning, characterized by vertigo, nausea, a state 
of intoxication or apoplexy, constant delirium, con- 
vulsive motions, etc. Emetics in strong doses and 
not much diluted with water, purgatives, and glysters 
are the first means to be used in this condition. Stupor 
may afterward be combated by the use of excitant 
and stimulating drinks. The production of narcosis 
or the effects of narcotics have been called narcotisa- 
tion. N. folliculo'rum, state of the scalp which Mr. 
Erasmus Wilson conceives to be dependent upon tor- 
pid action of the hair-follicles, and in which the 
scalp and hair are found covered with a yellowish, 
dirty-looking powder, composed of an admixture of 
granular particles and furfuraceous scales. 
Narcospasmus, nar-ko-spaz'mus (narce, spasmos, 
spasm). Stupor combined with spasm. 
Narcotia, nar-ko'she-ah. Narcotin. 
Narcotic (nar-kot'ik) poi'son. See Poison. 
Narcotico-acrid, nar-kot'ik-o-ak'rid. See Poison. 
Narcotics, nar-kot'iks (imrfce, stupor). Stupefacients. 
Substances having property of stupefying; as opium, 
stramonium, and hyoscyamus. Used in medicine as 
soothing agents, exerting their special influence on 
the brain and tubular matter of the spinal marrow. 
In small doses, as a general rule, narcotics stimulate; 
in large they act as sedatives. The following is a list 
of the chief narcotics : aconitum, setherea, belladonna, 
cannabis, conium, digitalis, humulus, hyoscyamus, 
lactucarium, opium and morphia, stramonii folia, 
stramonii semina; mental narcotics (appropriate 
music, monotonous sounds, or any succession of 
monotonous impressions). 
Narcotin, nar'ko-tin. Narcotina, C22H23NO7. Solid, 
white, insipid substance, crystallizable; fusible like 
the fats; soluble in boiling alcohol and ether, and 
scarcely soluble in water; producing all the unpleas- 
ant effects of opium, but objectionable from its throw- 
ing the animal into a state of stupor. Its salts, which 
are very bitter, have been used successfully in India 
in intermittents. 
Narcotism, nar'ko-tizm. Narcosis. 
Narcotization, nar-kot-i-za'shun. See Narcosis. 
Narcotized, nar'ko-tized. Affected with stupor, 
as from the use of a narcotic. 
Narcurethritis (nark-u-reth-re'tis) or Narcure- 
throrrhoe'a (nar fee, urethra, rhoia, a flow). Gleet, NARD 
Nard, Cel'tic. Valeriana Celtica; spikenard. N. 
In'dica, Nardus Indica. N., true, Nardus Indica. 
N., wild, Asarum Europaeum. 
Nardostachys (nar-dos'tak-is) jatamansi. Nardus 
Indica. N. patrin'ia, Nardus Indica. 
Nar'dum Gal'licum. Valeriana Celtica. 
Nar'dus America'nus. Aralia nudicaulis. N. 
Cel'tica, Valeriana Celtica. N. Cel'tica al'tera, Ar- 
nica montana. N. In'dica, India nard, Spikenard; 
root of this plant is one of the ingredients in the 
mithridate and theriaca ; moderately warm and pun- 
gent, and has a flavor by no means disagreeable; 
used by the Orientals as a spice. The ointment was 
formerly used, called Unguentum nardinum; it was 
prepared of nard, malabathrum leaves, oil of worms, 
costus, amomum, myrrh, etc., and was used as a deter- 
gent. N. monta'na, asarum. N. rus'tica, asarum. 
Naregamia, nar-eg-am'e-ah. Root of N. alata; has 
emetic, expectorant, and cholagogue virtues. 
Naregamine, nar-eg'am-een. Active principle from 
root of Naregamia alata, having emetic properties. 
Na'res (pl. of Na'ris). Nostrils. Two elliptical 
apertures situate beneath the nose, and separated 
from each other by the cartilaginous septum or 
columna nasi. These apertures are continually open, 
and give passage to the air and to the mucous fluids 
secreted in the nasal fossae. The anterior portion of the 
canal surrounded by cartilage is the vestibulum nasi. 
N. coal'itse, condition characterized by walls of nos- 
trils adhering to each other. N. exter'nse, the ante- 
rior nares; anterior apertures of nasal cavities. N. 
inter'nae, nasal fossae. N., posterior, nares internae, 
are the posterior apertures of the nasal cavities, which 
establish a communication between those cavities 
and the pharynx; they are bounded above by the 
body of the sphenoid bone; below by the palate bone 
and the base of the velum pendulum; and on the 
outside by the internal ala of the pterygoid process. 
They are separated from each other by a septum of 
which the vomer is the bony part. 
Narial, nar'e-al. Nasal. 
Nariform, nar'e-form. Resembling a nostril in shape. 
Narifusoria, nar-e-fu-zo're-ah (nares, nostrils, fun- 
do, fusum, to pour). Medicines which are dropped or 
put into the nostrils. 
Naringin, nar'inj-in. Substance which, crystallizes, 
obtained from Citrus decumana. 
Naris, nah'ris. Nostril; nose. 
Narium aditus, nar'e-um ad'it-us (entrance or pas- 
sage of the nostrils). Nares. N. sic'citas, mycter- 
oxerotes. 
Nar'row chest. See Lordosis. 
Narthecia, nar-the'se-ah. Formulary; myris. 
Narthecium, nar-the'se-um (dim. of Narthex, case 
of ointments). Formulary; myris. 
Narthex, nar'thcks. Formulary ; myris; splint. 
N. asafoe'tida, see Asafoetida. 
Nasa, nas'ah. Nacra ; nata. 
Na'sal (nasus, nose). That which relates to the nose. 
N. an'gle is formed by the lower ends of the nasal 
bones. N. arch, transverse venous trunk uniting the 
frontal veins of opposite sides at the root of the nose. 
N. ar'tery, largest of the two branches in which the 
ophthalmic artery terminates. Issues from the orbit, 
above the tendon of the orbicularis palpebrarum, 
passes above the side of the root of the nose, and an- 
astomoses with the last extremity of the facial. The 
facial artery gives off the artery of the septum. The 
internal maxillary gives off the posterior nasal artery. 
Anterior nasal artery is a small branch from the eth- 
moidal to the upper meatus. Haller gave the name 
nasal to the spheno-palatine. He also called the dor- 
sales nasi, furnished by the external maxillary, Nasa- 
les laterales. N. bones are situate beneath the nasal 
notch of the os frontis, and occupy the space between 
the nasal or angular processes of the superior maxil- 
lary bone. Their shape is nearly quadrilateral. They 
have an external or cutaneous surface, an internal or 
nasal, and four margins. Each is articulated with its 
fellow, with the os frontis, ethmoid, and superior 
maxillary bones, They ossify from a single point. 
734 
NASAL 
N. car'tllage, cartilage formed of three portions, 
which unite at the dorsum nasi, and are distinguished 
into the cartilage of the septum (Cartilage septi or 
quadrangularis, Septum narium cartilagineum, Septal 
cartilage) and the Lateral cartilages. The lateral carti- 
lages are divided into upper lateral (Cartilagines supe- 
riors laterales or triangulares), situate immediately 
helow the free margin of the nasal bones; and the 
lower lateral or alar (Cartilagines inferiores or alares or 
pinnales or minores inferiores), which are chiefly cha- 
racterized by the curve they form. Several loose 
nodules or plates exist in the posterior border of the 
alae, Cartilagines quadratic, C. alarum minores or pos- 
teriores or minores posteriores; and some small, flat, 
irregularly shaped bodies, from two to five in num- 
ber, which are seen on the upper margin of the lateral 
cartilage in the neighborhood of the angle, are called 
Ctwiilagines epactiles, C. sesamdidete or accessorise. The 
nasal cartilage is continuous, above, with the ossa 
nasi, and, inferiorly, with membranous fibrocartilages 
which form the supple and movable part of the nos- 
trils. N. catarrh', coryza. N. crest, crista nasalis. 
N. douche, apparatus for cleansing nasal fossae with 
water or for applying medicated liquids. N. duct, 
lacrymal duct. N. em'inence, mesophryon. N. 
fos'sae, two large, anfractuous cavities, situate be- 
tween the orbits below the cranium, and lined by the 
pituitary or Schneiderian membrane. These cavities 
have no communication with each other, but the 
various sinuses in the neighboring bones-the eth- 
moidal, sphenoidal, superior maxillary, etc.-all com- 
municate with them. The general cavity of each 
nostril is divided by the spongy bones into three 
meatuses or passages, which run from before back- 
ward. 1. The Meatus narium superior, placed at the 
upper, inner, and back part of the superior spongy 
bone. 2. The Meatus medius, situate between the 
superior and inferior spongy bones; and 3. The 
Meatus inferior, situate between the inferior spongy 
bone and the bottom of the nose. The Schneiderian 
membrane receives the first pair of nerves and various 
branches from the fifth pair. Arteries are furnished 
by the branches of the internal maxillary, known 
under the names of sphenopalatine, infra-orbitar, 
superior alveolar, palatine, pterygopalatine; by the 
supra-orbitar and ethmoidal branches of the ophthal- 
mic artery; by the internal carotid, superior labial, 
and dorsales nasi. Its veins are little known, and 
generally follow the course of the arteries. The 
lymphatics are almost unknown. The nasal fossae 
are the seat of smell; they aid also in respiration and 
phonation. N. fur'row, groove which divides the 
embryonic external and internal processes. N. gan'- 
glion, spheno-palatine ganglion. N. gleet, ozaena in 
the horse. N. mea'tus, see Nasal fossse. N. mu'cus, 
mucus secreted by the Schneiderian membrane. N. 
nerve, one of the three branches of the ophthalmic 
nerve of Willis. It enters the orbit by the sphenoidal 
fissure, passes along the inner paries of that cavity, 
and divides opposite the internal and anterior orbitar 
foramen into two branches: 1. The internal and pos- 
terior, which passes into the foramen orbitarium in- 
ternum anterius, enters the cranium near the dura 
mater, and passes into the nasal fossae through an 
aperture at the side of the crista galli. Afterward it 
divides into several filaments: one of them-the 
Nasolobar of Chaussier-is very small, and descends 
on the posterior surface of the os nasi and ramifies 
on the integuments of the ala nasi. A second 
terminates near the septum; others descend along 
the outer paries of the nasal fossae. 2. The other, ex- 
ternal and anterior, is called the external nasal nerve, 
and is distributed to the outside of the orbit. Before 
dividing the nasal nerve communicates with the 
ophthalmic ganglion and gives off two or three ciliary 
nerves. Sbmmering has given the name Posterior 
nasal nerves to the nerves which arise from the in- 
ternal part of the sphenopalatine ganglion. N. 
notch, semicircular notch situate between the nasal 
prominences of the frontal bone, and articulated with 
the nasal bones and the nasal processes of the su- NASALE 
perior maxillary bones. N. pas'sages, meatus na- 
rium. N. pits, primary embryonic nasal fossae which 
appear as depressions on the cerebrovesical sur- 
face. N. point, nasion. N. point, infe'rior, inferior 
end of nasomaxillary suture. N. point, supe'rior, 
point at which the nasomaxillary and nasofrontal 
sutures unite. N. pol'ypi, see Polypus. N. pro'cess, 
maxillary bone, superior. N. prom'inence, prom- 
inence situate on the median line at the anterior sur- 
face of the os frontis, between the two superciliary 
arches. N. re'gion, Regio nasalis, region of the nose. 
N. sep'tum, septum narium. N. spines, these are 
three in number: 1. Superior nasal spine of the os 
frontis, occupying the middle of its nasal notch, and 
articulated before with the nasal bones, behind with 
the ethmoid; 2. Inferior and anterior nasal spine, 
situate at the inferior part of the anterior opening 
of the nasal fossae. Is formed by the two superior 
maxillary bones; and 3. Inferior and posterior nasal 
spine, process formed on the mesial line by the two 
palate-bones at the posterior part of the palatine 
arch. N. sur'face, portion of superior maxillary 
bone which forms the external wall of the nasal fos- 
sae. N. veins, these veins collect blood from side and 
dorsum of nose and conduct it to the angular vein. 
Nasal'e (nasus, nose). Errhine; also nasal bone. 
Nasalis, nas-al'is. Compressor naris. N. la'bii 
superio'ris, small muscular slip running up from the 
middle of the orbicularis and the lip to the tip of the 
nose. Lies exactly in the furrow, and is occasionally 
a levator of the upper lip or a depressor of the tip of 
the nose. N. or'bitae, nasal duct. 
Nasarium, naz-ar'e-um. Mucus secreted from the 
nose. 
Na'sas. Nata. 
Nasatus, naz-at'us (long-nosed, the size of the nose 
being supposed an index of that of the male organ). 
Having a long penis. 
Nascale, nas-cal'e. Kind of pessary, made of wool 
or cotton, which was formerly introduced into the 
vagina after being impregnated with oil, ointment, 
or some other proper medicament. 
Nascaphthon, nas-kaf'thon. Narcapthon. 
Nascent (nas'sent) state (nascor, to be born). In 
chemistry, the state of gases at the instant they are 
liberated from a combination. 
Nasda, nas'dah. Nata. 
Naseberry, naz'ber-re. Achras sapota. 
Nasen, nas'en. Relating to the nose or nasal aspect. 
Nasi, nas'e. See Oryza. 
Nasilabialis, nas-e-lab-e-al'is. Levator labii supe- 
rioris alseque nasi. 
Nasion, naz'e-on. In craniometry, median point of 
nasofrontal suture. 
Nasitas, nas'it-as (nasus). Nasal voice. 
Nasitis, naz-e'tis (nasus, itis). Inflammation of the 
nose. N. posti'ca, angina nasalis. 
Nasmyth's mem'brane. Cuticula dentis. 
Na'so (nasus). One having a long nose. In compo- 
sition, the nose. 
Naso-alveolar, na'zo-al-ve'o-lar (nasus, alveolus). 
Relating to nasal and alveolar points. 
Naso-aural, na'zo-aw'ral. Relating to the nose and 
ear. 
Nasobasilar, na-zo-bas'il-ar. Relating to nasion or 
nasal point and basion. 
Nasobregmatic, na-zo-breg-mat'ik. Relating to na- 
sion and bregma. 
Nasobuccal, na-zo-buk'kal. Relating to nose and 
cheek. 
Nasobuccopharyngeal, na-zo-buk-ko-far-in-je'al. 
Relating to nose, cheek, and pharynx. 
Nasociliaris (naz-o-sil-e-ar'is) nervus. Nasal nerve. 
Naso-ethmoidal, na'zo-eth-moi'dal. Relating to 
nasal and ethmoidal regions of skull. 
Nasofrontal, na-zo-fron'tal. Relating to nasal and 
frontal bones. 
Nasolabial, na-zo-la'be-al (naso, labium, lip). Re- 
lating to the nose and lip. N. line, line or furrow 
separating the lip from the cheek, and commencing 
at the ala nasi. 
735 
> NASUS 
Nasolabialis, naz-o-lab-e-al'is. Muscular fasciculus 
which arises from, the anterior extremity of the sep- 
tum nasi and terminates in the orbicularis oris. 
Nasolacrymal (na-zo-lak're-mal) duct. This duct 
conveys the tears from the eye to the nose. 
Nasomalar, na-zo-ma'lar. Pertaining to nose and 
malar bone, as the nasomalar angle. 
Nasomaxillary, na-zo-maks'il-la-re (nasus, maxilla). 
Relating to nasal and superior maxillary bones, as the 
nasomaxillary suture. 
Naso-occipital, na'zo-ok-sip'it-al. Relating to nose 
and occiput. 
Naso-ocular, na'zo-ok'u-lar. Relating to nose and 
eye. 
Nasopalatine, na-zo-pal'a-teen. Belonging to the 
nose and velum palati. N. ar'tery, branch given off 
by sphenopalatine artery and going to septum of 
nose. N. gan'glion is situate in the foramen palati- 
num anterius. Its greater extremity receives the two 
nasopalatine branches, while the smaller gives off 
two or three filaments, which reach the palatine vault, 
where they ramify on the membrane of the same 
name, anastomosing with filaments of the great pala- 
tine nerve. N. groove, sulcus nasopalatinus on the 
vomer, which conducts the nasopalatine nerve. N. 
nerve, Nerve of Cotunnius, is furnished by the spheno- 
palatine, which proceeds from the ganglion of Meck- 
el, traverses the vault of the nasal fossae, and pro- 
ceeds upon the septum between the two layers of 
the pituitary membrane. It enters the anterior pal- 
atine canal, and terminates at the superior angle of 
the nasopalatine ganglion, without attaining the 
mouth. 
Nasopalpebral, na-zo-pal'pe-bral. Relating to nose 
and eyelids. 
Nasopharyngeal, na-zo-far-in-je'al. Relating to 
the nose and pharynx, as nasopharyngeal polypus. 
Nasopharynx, na - zo - far' inks. Posterior nasal 
cavity. 
Nasoseptitis, naz-o-sep-te'tis. Inflammation of 
septum of nose. 
Nasosubna'sal line. Distance from nasion to sub- 
nasal point. 
Nasotransversa'lis. Transversalis nasi muscle. 
Nasoturbinal, na-zo-tur'bin-al. Relating to nose 
and turbinated bones. 
Nasta, nas'tah. Nata. 
Nasturtium amphibium, nas-tur'she-um am-fib'e- 
um (nasus, torqueo, to twist, owing to the effect of its 
pungency). See Sisymbrium. N. aquat'icum, Carda- 
mine pratensis, Sisymbrium nasturtium. N. bur'sa 
pasto'ris, Thlaspi bursa. N. Hispan'icum, Tropseolum 
majus. N. Horten'se, Lepidium sativum. N. In'dicum, 
Tropseolum majus. N. In'dicum mi'nus, Tropteolum 
minus. N. lacus'tre, Armoracia Americana. N. of- 
ficina'le, Sisymbrium nasturtium. N. palus'tre, see 
Sisymbrium. N. Peruvia'num, Tropseolum majus. N. 
praten'se, Cardamine pratensis. N. sati'vum, Le- 
pidium sativum. N. silves'tre, Sisymbrium sophia. 
N. supi'num, Nasturtium officinale. 
Nasum dilatans, na'zum dil-at'ans (dilating the 
nose). Pyramidalis nasi. 
Na'sus. Nose. The nose is a pyramidal eminence, 
situate above the anterior apertures of the nasal fos- 
see, which it covers, and occupying the middle and 
upper part of the face, between the forehead and 
upper lip, the orbits and the cheeks. Its lateral 
surfaces form, by uniting angularly, a more or less 
prominent line, called Dorsum or Rhachis or Spina nasi. 
This line terminates anteriorly by the lobe-Lobulus. 
The sides are called Alee nasi, Pinnee naris. The 
columna is the inferior part of the partition. Its 
apex or tip has been called Globulus nasi. The 
portion of the nose formed of bone is the nasus 
osseus; that of cartilage, the nasus cartilaginous. 
The chief varieties of the nose are the aquiline, the 
flat nose, and the snub nose. The nose is formed, be- 
sides its bones, of fibrocartilage, cartilage, muscles, 
vessels, and nerves, and its use seems to be to direct 
odors to the upper part of the nasal fossae. N. car- 
tilagin'eus, see Nasus. N. exterznus, that part of NASUTUS 
the nose consisting of osseous, cartilaginous, muscu- 
lar, and cutaneous tissues. N. inter'nus, nares. N. 
os'seus, see Nasus. 
Nasutus (nas-u'tus) or Nasute, nas'ute. Naso. 
Nata, nat'tah. Fleshy indolent excrescence having 
the shape of the nates. 
Natal' ar'row root. Arrow root obtained from East 
India. N. boil or sore, variety of painful ulcer oc- 
curring in South Africa, situate on the hands, feet, 
or legs. 
Natality, na-tal'it-e. Ratio of number of births in 
a certain time to total number of population; birth- 
rate. 
Nataloin, na-tal'oin. Bitter principle of Natal 
aloes. 
Natant, na'tant {nato, to swim). Floating or swim- 
ming on the surface of a liquid. 
Nataron, nat'ar-on. Natron. 
Natation, na-ta'shun {nato, natatum, to swim). 
Swimming. Action of swimming or of supporting 
one's self or moving upon the water. Swimming 
resembles the horizontal leap in its physiology-the 
medium being water instead of air. The difference 
between the specific gravity of the human body and 
that of water is not great, so that but little exertion 
is required to keep a part of the body above water. 
Na'tes (sing. Natis, buttock). Breech, Buttocks. 
Two round projections at the inferior and posterior 
part of the trunk, on which we sit; the seat. Among 
the mammalia man alone has the nates prominent 
and round. They are formed chiefly by the skin and 
a thick layer of areolar tissue, covering the three 
glutsei muscles. The cleft between the nates is the 
rima clunium. N. cer'ebri, quadrigemina corpora. N. 
and tes'tes, quadrigemina corpora. 
Natlform, nat'e-form. Having shape of buttocks. 
Na'tis. See Nates. 
Native albumins, na'tive al-bu'mins. Animal pro- 
teids existing in animal solids and fluids; soluble 
in water, not precipitated by alkaline carbonates or 
very dilute acids. Serum and egg albumin constitute 
the chief varieties of native albumins. 
Nativism, na'tiv-izm. Theory of innate ideas; the 
doctrine that knowledge is not entirely dependent on 
sensation, but that the mind has innate power of 
thought and perception. 
Nativistic, na-tiv-is'tik. Pertaining to nativism. 
Natricofer'ricus. Containing sodium and iron. 
Natricus, nat'rik-us. Containing sodium. 
Natrium, nat're-um {Natron, lake in Judaea). Saline 
compound, very abundant in Egypt, almost wholly 
formed of subcarbonate of soda. Natron. Sodium. 
N. ace'ticum, sodic acetate. N. arsenic'icum, arse- 
niate of sodium. N. biborac'icum, borax. N. caus'- 
ticum, sodium hydroxide. N. chlora'tum liq'uidum, 
liquor sodse chlorinate. N. glacia'le, selenite. N. 
hypochloro'sum solu'tum, solution of chlorinated 
soda. N. muriat'icum, soda, muriate of. N. muria'- 
tum, soda, muriate of. N. ni'tricum, soda, nitrate 
of. N. oxymuriat'icum, sodium chloride. N. oxy- 
phosphoro'des, sodium phosphate. N. praepara'tum, 
soda, subcarbonate of. N. spi'ricum, sodium salicy- 
late. N. subborac'icum, borax. N. subsulphuro'- 
sum, sodium thiosulphate. N. sulphu'ricum, sodium 
sulphate. N. tartariza'tum, sodium tartrate. N. 
vitriola'tum, sodium sulphate. 
Natrix, nat'riks (water serpent). Penis. 
Natrocrense, nat-ro-kren'e {natron, krene, well). 
Natropegse. 
Natrokali, nat-rok'al-e. Compound containing 
sodium and potassium. 
Natronatus, nat-ron-at'us. Containing soda. 
Natronium, nat-ro'ne-um. Sodium. 
Natropegse, nat-ro-pa'ge {natron, pege, spring). 
Soda springs. 
Natta, nat'tah. Nata.. 
Natute, nat'u-le (dim. of Nates). Quadrigemina 
tubercula. 
Natura, nat-u'rah {nascor, natus, to be born or arise). 
Nature. Also the genital organs. N. mor'bi, essence 
or condition of a disease. 
736 
f NAVICULARE 
Nat'ural. According to order; an idiot. N. order, 
an order belonging to a natural system of classifica- 
tion of animals and plants. N. parts, genital organs. 
N. philos 'ophy, physics. 
Nat'uralism. Naturism. 
Naturalized, nat'u-ral-ized. Growing in but not a 
native of a country, as plants. The term naturalization 
is thus applied. 
Naturism, na'tu-rizm. Naturalism. View attrib- 
uting everything to nature as a sage, prescient, and 
sanative entity. See Expectation and Vis medicatrix 
natures. 
Naturist, na'tu-rist. Physician who scrupulously 
investigates, interprets, and follows the indications 
presented by nature in the treatment of disease. 
Na'tus mor'tuus. Stillborn. 
Nauclea (nau'kle-ah) gam'bir (naus, ship, kleio, to 
enclose, the half capsule being hull-shaped). Plant, 
ord. Rubiacese, native of the Malayan Peninsula and 
Indian Archipelago; it yields large quantities of 
catechu, known by the names Terra Japonica and 
Square catechu, and which in Indian commerce is 
called gambier or gambir. Powerful astringent, much 
used in tanning and in medicine. See Catechu. 
Naucleic acid, nau-kle'ik as'id. Catechin. 
Naupathia, nau-path-e'a (naus, ship, pathos, affec- 
tion). Sea-sickness; nausea marina. 
Nausea, nau'she-ah (naus, a ship, because those 
unaccustomed to sailing are so affected). Sick- 
ness at the stomach; inclination to vomit. N. 
gravida'rum, nausea caused by pregnancy. N., 
kreat'ic, sickness and vomiting excited, in some 
nervous patients, by the smallest portion of animal 
food. N. mari'na or nava'lis, sea-sickness; sickness, 
vomiting, etc. experienced at sea by those unaccus- 
tomed to sea-life, and from which those who are ac- 
customed are not always exempt. It generally ceases 
when the person becomes habituated to the motion 
of the vessel, and not till then. 
Nauseabundus, nau-she-ab-un'dus (nausea). Nause- 
ant. 
Nauseant, nau'she-ant. Agent exciting nausea, 
which is a state of diminished action; nauseants are, 
hence, valuable remedies in diseases of excitement. 
Nauseating, naw'she-a-ting. Exciting nausea. 
Nauseous, naw'she-us. Nauseating; affected with 
nausea. 
Nausia, nau'she-ah. Nausea. 
Nausiasis, nau-she'as-is. Nausea. 
Nausiosis, nau-she-o'sis (nausia, osis). This word, 
besides being synonymous with nausea, has been used 
to express the state of venous hemorrhage when 
blood is discharged by jets. 
Nautia, nau'she-ah. Nausea. 
Nautlcus, nau'te-kus (nautes, sailor, naus, ship). 
See Tibialis anticus. 
Nautomania, nawt-o-man'e-ah (naus, ship, mania). 
Mania characterized by a destructive and homicidal 
tendency, observed to occur in particular among sea- 
faring men. 
Na'vel. Umbilicus. N. ill, inflammation of the 
navel, septic in character, occurring among infants. 
N., rup'ture of, exomphalos. N. string, funiculus 
umbilicalis. N., vas'cular, condition characterized 
by a cicatrix in the middle of the navel, occurring 
sometimes after the cord has entirely fallen off. 
N. wort, Cotyledon umbilicus. N. wort, Venus's, 
Cotyledon umbilicus. 
Navew, nav'u. Brassica campestris. 
Navicula, nav-ik'u-lah (dim. of Navis, a ship). 
Fourchette. 
Navicular, nav-ik'u-lar (navicula, little ship). Boat- 
shaped. N. bone, scaphoid bone. N. fos'sa, see 
Scaphoid. This name has been given, 1, to a small 
depression between the entrance of the vagina and 
the posterior commissure of the labia major or four- 
chette ; 2, to a perceptible dilatation presented by the 
urethra in man near the base of the glans; 3, to the 
superficial depression separating the two roots of the 
helix. 
Naviculare (nav-ik-u-lar'e) os. Scaphoid bone. NAVICULARTH RITIS 
Navicular thrills, na-vik-u-lar-thre'tis (naviculare 
os, arthron, joint, itis). Inflammatory disease of the 
navicular joint of domestic animals. 
Naviculo-cuboid articulation, na-vik'u-lo-ku'boid 
ar-tik-u-la'shun. Joint occasionally existing between 
scaphoid and cuboid bones. N.-c. ligaments, bands 
of ligament between scaphoid and cuboid bones of 
the foot. 
Naviculo-cuneiform articulation, na-vik'u-lo-ku'- 
ne-e-form ar-tik-u-la'shun. Joint situate between the 
scaphoid and three cuneiform bones of the foot. 
Naviform, na've-form (navis, a ship, forma, form). 
Navicular. 
Navis (a ship). Vulva. 
Near-point. See Point. 
Nearsight'ed. Myopic. 
Nearsightedness. Myopia. 
Nearthrosis, ne-ar-thro'sis (neos, young or new, 
arthron, a joint). New joint. 
Neat' s-foot oil. Oil made from the feet of neat 
cattle by boiling. 
Neb'le. Nipple. 
Nebula, neb'u-lah (nephele, a cloud). Slight speck 
or opacity of the cornea; called leucoma when still 
more cloudy. Mist or cloud suspended in the urine. 
See Caligo ; also Leucoma. 
Nebulization, neb-u-li-za'shun. See Pulverization. 
Nebulized, neb'u-lized (neftwZa, a cloud or mist). 
Made nebulous or cloudy, as a nebulized liquid. See 
Pulverization. 
Nebulizer, neb'u-li-zer. See Pulverization. N., 
Eustach'ian, apparatus for spraying the Eustachian 
tube. 
Nebulous (neb'u-lus) or Neb'ulose. Cloudy. 
Necessary, nes'es-sa-re (ne, cesso, to cease). Neces- 
saries of life, Vitae necessitates, include everything req- 
uisite for the maintenance of life, and particularly 
food. 
Neck. Collum. N., anatom'ical, of hu'merus, 
see Collum humeris. N. of blad'der, see Collum vesicie. 
N. of calca'neum, constricted part of calcaneum an- 
terior to the tuberosity. N., Derbyshire, broncho- 
cele. N. of fe'mur, collum femoris. N. of fib'ula, 
cervix fibulae; that part of the fibula situate below 
the head. N. of the foot, instep. N. of the gall- 
blad'der, the superior constricted part. N. of a 
hair-fol'licle, narrowest part of a hair opposite open- 
ing of sebaceous gland. N. of hu'merus, collum 
humeri; see Humerus. N. of low'er jaw, that part 
or portion of the inferior maxillary bone situate 
immediately below the condyle. N. of mal'leus, 
narrow part below its head. N., Nithsdale, goitre. 
N. of rib, see Collum costae. N. of scapula, collum 
scapulae. N. of sta'pes, narrow part of stapes where 
it divides into crura. N., stiff, torticollis. N., sur'- 
gical, of hu'merus, narrow part immediately below 
the tuberosities; name given to it because fractures 
of the humerus are apt to occur there. N., swelled, 
bronchocele. N. of tooth, cervix dentis. N. of urin- 
if'erous tu'bule, that part of uriniferous tubule sit- 
uate between capsule of Bowman and convoluted 
tubule. N. of u'terus, cervix uteri. N., wry, torti- 
collis. 
Necklace, anodyne, nek'las, an'o-dine. Formed 
of the roots of hyoscyamus, Job's tears, allspice 
steeped in brandy, or the seeds of the wild licorice 
vine, to suit the fancy of the prescriber. N., pop'lar, 
Populus monilifera, cotton-wood; bark is tonic, stom- 
achic, and febrifuge. 
Neck'weed. Veronica beccabunga, V. peregrina. 
Necrse'mia (necros, haima, blood). Death of the 
blood; death beginning with the blood. 
Necrencephalus, nek-ren-sef'al-us (necros, enkepha- 
los, encephalon). Mollifies cerebri. 
Necrobiosis, nek-ro-be-o'sis (necros, bios, life). Name 
given by Virchow to degeneration occurring near the 
close of the life of any part of the organism ; a spon- 
taneous dying out of a living part; a natural death, 
therefore not a violent one. See Degeneration. 
Necrobiotic, nek-ro-be-ot'ik. Relating or apper- 
taining to necrobiosis or morbid metamorphosis. 
737 
NECROSIS 
Necrocedia, nek-ro-sa'de-ah (necros, kedos, funereal 
attentions). Embalming. 
Necrocomium, nek-ro-ko'me-um (necros, komeo, to 
care for). Morgue. 
Necrodes, nek-ro'dees (necros, odes). Cadaverous. 
Necrodochium, nek-ro-do-ke'um (necros, dechomai, 
to receive). Morgue. 
Necrogenous, nek-roj'en-us (nefcros, dead body, 
gennao, to engender). Existing or living in dead 
matter. 
Necrology (nek-rol'o-je), bills of (necros, logos, de- 
scription). Mortality, bills of. Reference to or ac- 
count of death. 
Necromancy, nek'ro-man-se (necros, manteia, divina- 
tion). Divination by the dead; conjuration; the 
black art, Nigromantia, Negromantia (niger, black, 
manteia, divination). 
Necromania, nek-ro-man'e-ah. Insane desire in 
which a longing for death or desire to mutilate a dead 
body exists. 
Necromantia, nek-ro-man'she-ah. Necromancy. 
Necrometer, nek-rom'et-ur (necros, metron, meas- 
ure). Apparatus for determining weight, volume, 
and specific gravity of parts of the body at post- 
mortem examinations. 
Necromime'sis (necros, mimesis, imitation). Delu- 
sion in which a person imagines himself to be dead. 
Necronarcema, nek-ro-nar-sa'mah (necros, narkema, 
stiffness). Rigor mortis. 
Necronium, nek-ron'e-um. Substance originating 
in cadavers during process of saponification. 
Necropathy, nek-rop'ath-e. Pathological condition 
in which a tendency to necrosis of the bones exists. 
Necrophagous, nek-rof'a-gus (nekros, dead body, 
phago, to eat). Eating or feeding on carrion. 
Nec'ropbile. One affected with necrophilism. 
Necrophilism (nek-rof'il-ism) or Necrophilia, nek- 
ro-fil'e-ah (nekros, corpse, phileo, to love). Insane desire 
for sexual intercourse with a corpse. 
Necrophobia, nek-ro-fo'be-ah (necros, pkobos, fear). 
Exaggerated fear of death. It occurs in patients in 
whom the disease is not mortal, as in hypochondri- 
asis. In fevers it is a bad symptom. 
Necropneumonia, nek-ro-nu-mo'ne-ah (necros, 
pneumonia). Gangrenous inflammation of the lungs. 
This may be diffused or circumscribed. The only 
pathognomonic symptom is the extraordinary and 
repulsive odor of the breath and expectoration. 
Necropsia, nek-rop'se-ah (necros, opsis, seeing). 
Post-mortem examination. 
Necropsy, nek'rop-se. Post-mortem examination. 
Necros, nek'ros. Corpse. 
Necroscopia, nek-ro-skop'e-ah (necros, skopeo, to 
examine). Post-mortem examination. 
Necroscopic, nek-ro-skop'ik (necros, skopeo, to view). 
Relating to necroscopy or examination after death. 
Necroscopy, nek-ros'ko-pe. Post-mortem examina- 
tion. 
Necrosed, nek-rozed'. Affected with necrosis. 
Necrosemeiotic, nek-ro-sem-e-ot'ik. Relating to 
the doctrine of the signs of death. 
Necrosemeiotice, nek-ro-se-me-ot'is-e (necros, semei- 
on, sign). Doctrine of the signs of death. 
Necrosial, nek-ro'se-al. Necrotic; relating or ap- 
pertaining to death or mortification, or to necrosis, as 
necrosial fever, fever that accompanies necrosis. 
Necrosis, nek-ro'sis (nekroo, to kill). Death; mor- 
tification ; especially the state of a bone or of a 
portion of a bone deprived of life; hence necrosed. 
Necrosis may take place without the surrounding 
soft parts being affected with gangrene. It is to the 
bones what gangrene is to the soft parts : the part, of 
the bone affected with necrosis becomes a foreign 
body, similar to the gangrenous eschar, and its sepa- 
ration must be accomplished by the efforts of nature 
or by art. When necrosis occurs in the centre of long 
bones, it never extends to their articular extremities. 
The exterior layers of bone form a canal around the 
dead portion or sequestrum; between these swollen 
layers and the sequestrum suppuration takes place; 
the matter presses against the bony canal, perforates NECROSOZOIC 
it, and is discharged by apertures which become 
fistulous. In the treatment the exit of the seques- 
trum must be facilitated by proper incisions, by the 
application of the trephine to the bone, etc. N., anse- 
mic, necrosis caused by deficient blood-supply. N., 
ca'seous, caseation. N. cerea'lis, ergotism. N., 
cir'culatory, necrosis, amemic. N., coag'ulative, 
when the cells of a tissue die from atrophy, fibrin 
may be precipitated, and the part become indu- 
rated and swollen. N., decu'bital, bed-sores. N. 
den/tium, dental gangrene. N. dissemina'ta, necro- 
sis in which a bone is involved in its whole thick- 
ness. N., embol'ic, necrosis due to embolism. N. 
infanti'lis, stomatitis, gangrenous. N., jaw, ex- 
anthem'atous, see Jaw. N. maxil'lse ex phos'- 
phoro, see Phosphorus. N., mercu'rial, necrosis 
due to effects of mercury. N., moist, Mephitic gan- 
grene ; necrosis of the cancellated structure of bone 
especially, which becomes moist and softened, with 
an offensive odor. It involves the whole thickness of 
the bone, and is met with in compound fractures, 
gunshot contusions, etc. N., phos'phorus, see Phos- 
phorus. N. of teeth, caries dentium. N. ustilagin'- 
ea, ergotism. 
Necrosozoic (nek-ro-so'zo-ik) or Nekrosozoic, nek- 
ro-so'zo-ik (necros, sozo, to preserve). Fluids have 
been so called which are injected into dead bodies in 
order to preserve them, as in embalming. 
Necrosteon, nek-rost e-on. Necrosis of bone. 
Necrostoa, nek - ros' to - ah (necros, stoa, gallery). 
Morgue. 
Necrotic, nek-rot'ik. Necrosial. 
Necrotocion, nek-ro-to'se-on (necros, tokos, child). 
Dead or stillborn child. 
Necrotomic, nek-ro-tom'ik. Relating to necrotomy. 
Necrotomy, nek-rot'o-me (necros, tome, section). 
Dissection. 
Nectandra, nek-tan'drah. See Bebeeru. N. cinna- 
momoi'des, order Lauraceae ; native of New Granada, 
where it is called Canela ; has the odor and taste of 
cinnamon, and is used as such. N. cymba'rum, 
Ocotea cymbarum or amara, grows in Oronko, where 
it is called Sassafras; bark is aromatic, bitter, and 
stomachic, and is thought to be an ingredient in 
the curare poison. N. mol'lis, species of Brazil; 
bark has diuretic, emmenagogue, and carminative 
properties. N. puchu'ry, see Pichurim beans. N. 
Rodie'i, see Bebeeru. 
Nectan'drse cor'tex. Nectandra; Bebeeru bark; 
dried bark of Nectandra rodiaei. 
Nectandria, nek-tan'dre-ah. See Bebeeru. 
Nectandrine, nek-tan'dreen. Alkaloid derived from 
wood of Nectandra rodiaei. 
Nectar, nek'tar (ne, particle of negation, ktao, to 
kill). Pleasant liquor, feigned by the poets to have 
been the drink of the gods and to have rendered im- 
mortal those who partook of it; name given by the 
ancients to many drinks, and particularly to one 
made with wine, evaporated and sweetened with 
honey. 
Nectarine, nek'tar-een. Amygdalus Persica laevis, 
variety of peach. 
Nectarium, nek-tar'e-um. Inula helenium. 
Necusia, nek-u'ze-ah (necus, corpse). See Wound. 
Necusine, nek'u-sin (necus, corpse). Term proposed 
by Dr. Wm. Farr for the specific zymotic principle by 
which infection of the system takes place from a dis- 
secting wound. 
Necyomantia, nes-e-o-man-te'ah (nekus, dead body, 
manteia, divination). Necromancy. 
Nedyla, ne-de'e-ah. Intestines. 
Ned'ys. Belly, abdomen, stomach ; uterus. 
Nedyusa, ned-e-u'sah. Aggravated thirst. 
Nee'dle (Teut. neten, to sew). Steel instrument 
used in many professions. In Surgery a steel, gold, 
silver, or platinum instrument, round, flat, or tri- 
angular, straight or curved, supported or not by a 
handle, but having almost always a point, by means 
of which it can penetrate the textures, and, either 
near the point or, more commonly, near the other 
extremity, an aperture or eye for the reception of a 
NEEDLE 
thread or tape, which it introduces into the parts. 
N., ac'upuncture, inflexible gold or silver needle, 
conical, very delicate, four inches long, furnished 
with a handle, and at times with a canula shorter 
than it by about half an inch; an ordinary needle, 
waxed at the head, will answer as a substitute for 
this; see Acupuncture. N., an'eurism, needle attached 
to a handle, of such a shape as will allow a ligature 
to be passed around a vessel, as in aneurism. N., cat'- 
aract, needles of gold, silver, and steel have been 
used, the latter alone at the present day; the cataract 
needle is employed to depress or tear the crystalline 
when opaque. This needle is usually made from 15 to 
24 lines long, and is attached to a fine handle; the ex- 
tremity may be, as in Scarpa's and Langenbeck's, 
pointed, prismatic, triangular, and curved; in Du- 
puytren's and Walther's, flat, curved, and sharp- 
edged ; in Hey's, flat, with a semicircular and sharp 
end; or, as in Beer's, Siebold's, Schmidt's, Himly's, 
Von Grafe's, etc., straight and spear-pointed. A mark 
is generally placed upon the handle to inform the 
operator, wThen the instrument is engaged in the eye, 
what side corresponds to the crystalline. N. for a 
coun'ter-o'pening, long, narrow instrument of steel, 
the point of which is fine and sharp on both sides, 
the heel having an aperture to receive a thread, 
tape, etc., provided with a flat silver sheath, shorter 
than the blade, the point of which it covers when 
passing through parts that have to be respected. N., 
Deschamps', Paupe's needle; the eye is placed near 
the point. It is employed in the ligature of deep- 
seated arteries. N., discis'slon, needle employed in 
operating on the eye; it is inserted through the 
cornea and is used to break the lens-capsule and 
substance; see N., stop-discission. N., explor'ing, needle 
grooved at its extremity, which, when passed into a 
tumor, abscess, etc., brings away a few drops of the 
fluid contents, and thus facilitates the diagnosis. N., 
extraction, see Cataract extraction. N., fis'tula, a 
long, fiat, flexible silver instrument having an aper- 
ture near one extremity, blunt at the other; for- 
merly used for passing a seton into fistulous ulcers. 
On one of its sides is a groove for guiding a bistoury 
in case of necessity. Also a long steel instrument, 
terminated by a point like that of a trocar, which 
Desault employed for penetrating the rectum when 
operating for fistula that had no internal aperture. 
N., Gru'ber's curved paracente'sis, needle employed 
in division of tendon of tensor tympani. N., Hag'e- 
dorn's, needle provided with curved edge and sharp 
side on convex surface. N., hare'-lip, a small silver 
canula to which is attached a spear-point that can be 
readily withdrawn. This needle, armed with the 
point, is introduced at one side of the fissure in the 
lip and through the other. The twisted suture is 
then applied and the pin withdrawn. N., Hays', 
needle used in operating for scleronyxis. N., Hutch'- 
inson's, needle provided with a handle and an eye, 
employed in ligating hemorrhoids subcutaneously. 
N., hypoderm'ic, needle with a canal extending 
through its entire length, and so arranged as to be at- 
tachable to a hypodermic syringe. N., Ja'cob's cat'- 
aract, needle provided with a curved point, employed 
in operations for cataract. N., lig'ature, a long steel 
instrument, sharp toward one extremity, with an eye 
near the other, which was formerly used for suspend- 
ing the circulation of blood prior to amputation, by 
being passed through the limb so as to include the 
principal artery and a part of the muscles and integu- 
ments. Also a steel instrument of various dimensions, 
round toward one of its extremities. At the com- 
mencement of the last century it was used to pass 
ligatures around vessels. Also a steel instrument of 
various dimensions, flat, regularly curved in the form 
of a semicircle, with a sharp or lance point and a 
long eye, used with advantage in place of the last. 
N., nse'vus, needle with sharp point which is heated 
and introduced into naevi. N., paracente'sis, needle 
used in paracentesis. N., Paupe's, needle, Deschamps'. 
N., se'ton, a long, narrow steel blade, pointed and 
sharp at one extremity, pierced at the other by 
738 NEEDLE-BEARER 
an aperture. N., stop-discis'sion, needle provided 
with a shoulder to prevent it being carried too far. 
N., su'ture, for the twisted suture the hare- 
lip needle is used; for the others the straight or 
curved needle; the straight needle is preferable for 
stitching up the abdomen, etc. in dissection. In 
suturing tendons a curved needle has been used, flat 
on both sides and cutting only at the concave edge, 
in order that it may pass between the tendinous 
fibres without dividing them. 
Nee'dle-bear'er, Needle-car'rier, Needle-hold'er. 
Instrument of steel or silver for accurately laying 
hold of a needle and giving it greater length, so 
that it may be readily introduced into the tissues, 
when it is so fine and small that it cannot be firmly 
held by the fingers. 
Nee'dles and pins. See Pins. 
Need'ling. Use of needle for discission in cataract. 
Neef's hammer. Contrivance which works auto- 
matically, intended to regulate the current in a mag- 
neto-induction apparatus. 
Neel'sen's meth'od. Method of staining tubercle 
bacilli with hot solution of fuchsin, and then treating 
with watery solution of sulphuric acid for the pur- 
pose of decolorizing. N.'s solu'tion, solution for 
staining in microscopic examinations of micro-organ- 
isms; composed of fuchsin, 1 grm.; alcohol absolu- 
tus, 10 cc., 5 per cent. sol.; acidi carbolici, 100 cc. 
Neem. See Melia azedarach. 
Neeria, nee're-ah. Dracunculus. 
Nefrendes, nef-ren'dees (pl. of Nefrens). Properly, 
sucking pigs. Persons devoid of teeth; young chil- 
dren, for instance, who have not cut them, or aged 
persons who have lost them. This state is called 
Nefrendis, Odontia edentula. 
Neg'ative eye-piece. See Eye-piece. N. pole, see 
Pole. 
Negotium parturltionis, ne-go'she-um par-tu-rish- 
e-o'nis (affair of parturition). Parturition. 
Negretia (neg-re'she-ah) cachex'ia. Chthonopha- 
gia. N. pruriens, dolichos pruriens. 
Negro, ne'gro (S. and F. negro; [L.] niger, black). 
One of the race. See Homo and Mulatto. 
N. cachex'y, pica, or depraved appetite. N. lethargy. 
N. leth'argy, nelavan. Disease among negroes in 
Africa, in which the symptoms are headache, somno- 
lence, and loss of flesh; generally terminates fatally. 
N. mouth, peculiar appearance of the mouth, de- 
pendent on projection of the canine and incisor teeth. 
N., pied, see Achroma. N. vine, Gonolobus hirsutus; 
root has cathartic and the juice narcotic properties; 
poisonous. 
Negromantia, ne-gro-man'she-ah (niger, black, 
manteia, divination). See Necromancy. 
Neise'ra. Abdomen. 
Nelr'a. Abdomen. 
Neis. Nasus. 
Neisseria, neis-se're-ah. Genus of Schizomycetes. 
N. al'bicans, species in vaginal secretions, like diplo- 
cocci. N. cit'rea, in gonorrhoeal pus and in dust of 
the air. N. conglomerat'a, on endocardial vegeta- 
tions. N. decip'iens, in atmospheric air. N. Eding- 
to'nii, in blood and scales of scarlet fever. N. gonor- 
rhce'se, micrococcus gonorrhoese or gonococcus. N. 
lac'tea, in vaginal and uterine secretions, etc. N. 
lys'sse, micrococcus in various organs in rabies. N. 
Michel'i, in Egyptian conjunctivitis. N. petechial'is, 
in typhus fever. N. rosa'cea, species of micrococcus 
in the air. N. ro'sea, similar habitat. N. subfla'va, 
in urine of vesical catarrh, the lochial discharge, dis- 
charges of simple vaginitis, etc. N. tardis'sima, in 
urethral pus. N. Weichselbaum'il, in effusion attend- 
ing cerebrospinal meningitis. N. Wink'lerl, in beri- 
beri. 
Neis'ser's gonococ'cus. See Micrococcus gonorrhoeas. 
Nekroso'zoic. Necrosozoic. 
Nelaton's (nel'a-ton's) fi'bres. Muscular fibres of 
the rectum, circular in shape. N.'s gas caut'ery, see 
Cautery. N.'s line, line drawn from anterior superior 
spinal process of ilium to tuber ischii. N.'s meth'od, 
method employed in which the patient's head is held 
739 
NEOPLASM 
downward when the tendency to failure of respira- 
tion or of the heart, as the result of anaesthesia, 
threatens life. N.'s operation, enterotomy. N.'s 
probe, sound, porcelain. 
Nel'avan. See Negro lethargy. 
Nelumbium luteum, nel-um'be-um lu'te-um. Yel- 
low nelumbo, Yellow water-lily, Pond-lily, Water shield, 
Water nuts, Water chincapin, Rattle nut, Sacred bean. 
Water plant common in the United States, and be- 
longing to ord. Nymphaceae; leaves are cooling 
and emollient when applied to the surface; the roots, 
leaves, and nuts are eaten. The last are called by the 
Indians and others Water chincapins. 
Nelum'bo, yel'low. Nelumbium luteum. 
Nematachom'eter (nema, thread, tachos, rapidity, 
metron, measure). Instrument for measuring the 
rapidity of nervous impulses. 
Nematelmia, nem-at-el'me-ah (nema, thread, hel- 
mins, worm). Nematelmintha. 
Nematelmintha, nem - at - el - min' thah (nema, 
thread, helmins, worm). Class of nematoid or round 
thread-worms embracing numerous varieties, as the 
ascaris lumbricoides, trichina spiralis, trichinoceph- 
alus dispar, etc. See Parasites. 
Nematelminthes, nem-at-el-min'thees. Nematel- 
mintha. 
Nematoblast, ne'ma-to-blast (nema, thread, blastos, 
germ). Spermatoblast. 
Nematoid (ne'ma-toid) worms (nema, thread, eidos, 
resemblance). Nematelmintha. 
Nematoidea, nem-at-oid'e-ah. Nematelmintha. 
Nematoideum, nem-at-o-id'e-um. See Pentastoma. 
Nemomena, nem-om'en-ah. Corroding ulcers. 
Nen'do. Angelica lucida. 
Nen'uphar. Nymphsea alba. N. lu'tea, Nymphsea 
lutea. 
Ne'o (neos, new). In composition, new. 
Neoarthrosis, ne-o-ar-thro'sis (neo, arthron, joint). 
New joint; artificial joint. 
Neoblast, ne'o-blast. Parablast. 
Neoblastic, ne-o-blas'tik (neos, new, blastos, germ). 
Possessing the character of a new growth. N., in- 
flam'matory fun'goid, mycosis fungoides. 
Neochmosis, ne-ok-mo'sis. Relapse (said of a 
disease). 
Neogala, ne-og'al-ah (neo, gala, milk). Milk 
secreted immediately after the colostrum. Also the 
colostrum. 
Neogenes, ne-oj'en-ees (neo, geno, to be born). 
Newly born. 
Neogilus (ne-oj'il-us), Neognus (ne-og'nus), or Ne- 
ogonus, ne-og'o-nus. Newly born. 
Neolepra, ne-o-lep'rah (lepra). Pellagra. 
Neomembrane, ne-o-mem'brane. See Membrane, 
false. 
Neomorph, ne'o-morf (neos, new, morphe, shape). A 
new formation of an organ. 
Neomorphism, ne-o-mor'fizm (neos, new, morphe). 
Development of a new form. 
Neonatus, ne-o-nat'us (neo, natus, born). Newly born. 
Neoplasia, ne-o-plaz'e-ah (neo, plasso, to form). 
Formation of neoplasms or new growths. 
Neoplasm, ne'o-plazm (neo, plasso, platto, to form). 
New formation or tissue, the product of morbid ac- 
tion. Neoplasms may be classified as follows, based 
on the derivation of the different organs or tissues 
(Gibbes), which is one of the most satisfactory meth- 
ods of arranging them: 
Classification of Neoplasms. 
Mesoblastic or Connective-tissue growths: 
Fibromata. Myomata. 
Myoxomata. Angiomata. 
Lipomata. Neuromata. 
Chondromata. Sarcomata. 
Osteomata. 
Epiblastic and Hypoblastic growths: 
Papillomata. Carcinomata. 
Adenomata. 
According to Virchow, the connective tissue and its NEOPLASTIC 
equivalents are the general source of development of 
new growths, which arise either from simple division 
or from endogenous changes set up in the interior of 
pre-existing cells. See Tumors. 
Neoplastic, ne-o-plas'tik (same etymon). Belong- 
ing or relating to neoplasms or new growths, or to 
neoplasty. See Neoplasty. 
Neoplastice, ne-o-plas'tis-e. Neoplasty. 
Neoplasty, ne'o-plas-te. General term denoting an 
operative process for the formation of new parts, in- 
cluding autoplasty, cicatrization of wounds, and the 
formation of adhesions. 
Neoscytechus, ne-o-skit'ek-us (neo, skutos, leather, 
echos, sound). See Craquement de cuir neuf. 
Neosot, ne'o-sot. Product derived from furnace- 
tar. Antiseptic and disinfectant. 
Neoteric, ne-o-ter'ik (neoterikos, youthful). Relat- 
ing to youth. 
Neotocerysipelas, ne-o-tos-er-e-sip'el-as (neo, tokos, 
birth, erusipelas). Erysipelas occurring in infants soon 
after birth. 
Neotocerythriasis, ne-o-tos-er-e-thre'as-is. Ery- 
throsis occurring in infants, especially soon afterbirth. 
Neotocicterus, ne-o-to-sik'ter-us (neo, tokos, one 
born, icterus). Icterus infantum. Jaundice occurring 
soon after birth. 
Neotocogalactoze'mia (neos, new, tokos, birth, gala, 
milk, zemia, loss). Condition in which milky fluid 
exists in the breast of a new-born child. 
Neotocophthalmia, ne-o-to-kof-thal'me-ah (neos, 
new, ophthalmos, eye, tokos, birth). Conjunctivitis in 
a new-born child, generally described as congenital 
conjunctivitis. 
Neottia, ne-ot'te-ah (nest, from the arrangement of 
the roots). Goodyera pubescens. 
Nep. Nepeta. 
Nepaline, nep'al-een. Pseudo-aconite. 
Ne'paul ac'onite. See Aconite. N. tumor, pendu- 
lous tumor from the external ear, the contents of 
which is a thick whitish fluid; it is met with in Ne- 
paul especially. 
Nepentha destillatoria, nep-en'thah des-til-lat-o'- 
re-ah. Ceylonese plant, the root of which is as- 
tringent. 
Nepenthe, nep-en'the (ne, neg., penthos, grief). 
Remedy much extolled by the ancients against sad- 
ness and melancholy. The women of Thebes, accord- 
ing to Diodorus Siceliotes, alone possessed the secret 
of its composition; and, according to Homer, Helen 
introduced it from Egypt. Some suppose it to have 
been opium. Cannabis Indica. N. opia'tum, pilulae 
opiatae. 
Nepeta, nep'e-tah (Nepete, a town in Italy). Nep, 
Catnep, Catmint, ord. Labiate. The leaves, Cata- 
ria, have a smell and taste like those of an ad- 
mixture of spearmint and pennyroyal. It has been 
recommended in uterine disorders, dyspepsia, flatu- 
lency, etc., like pennyroyal, and is much used in 
domestic medicine, in flatulence, etc. of children. N. 
agres'tis, Melissa nepeta. N. glecho'ma, Glechoma 
hederacea. N. vulga'ris, nepeta. 
Nephablep'sia (nephos, cloud, hlepo, to see). Snow- 
blindness. 
Nephaliotes, nef-al-e'o-tees (nepho, to abstain). 
Temperance. 
Nephalism, nef'al-izm. Temperance. 
Nephele, nef'el-e (nephos, cloud). Enaeorema; 
nebula; leucoma. 
Nephelion, nef-el'e-on (nephele, little cloud). Nebula. 
Nephelium (nef-el'e-um). Kambutan tree; grows 
in China and Asia; fruit is edible and is employed in 
fevers. Nebula. 
Nepheloid, nef'e-loid (nephele, cloud, eidos, resem- 
blance). Nebulous; cloudy. Epithet applied to urine 
when it is cloudy. 
Nephelopia, nef-el-o'pe-ah (nephele, cloud, opsis, 
sight). Indistinct or cloudy sight. 
Nephos, nef'os (cloud). Nebula. 
Nephraemorrhagia, nef-re-mor-rhaj'e-ah (nephros, 
hsemorrhagia). Hemorrhage from the kidney. See 
Heematuria. 
740 
NEPHRITIS 
Nephralgia, nef-ral'je-ah (nepAros, algos, pain). 
Pain and neuralgia in the kidney. N. areno'sa, see 
Gravel. N. arthrit'ica, lumbago of a gouty character. 
N. calculo'sa, see Gravel. N. hsemorrhoida'lis, 
nephralgia due to amenorrhcea; neuralgia due to 
abscess of the mesentery. N. plethor'ica, nephral- 
gia haemorrhoidalis. N. rheumat'ica, lumbago. 
Nephranuria, nef-ran-u're-ah (nephros, a, priv., 
ouron, urine). See Ischuria renalis. 
Nephrapostasis, nef-rap-os'tas-is (nephros, apostasis, 
abscess). Eenal abscess. 
Nephrapragmonia, nef-rap-rag-mon'e-ah. Eenal 
inactivity. 
Nephrarctia, nef-rark'te-ah (nephros, arctus, nar- 
row). Contracted condition of kidney. 
Nephratony, nef-rat'o-ne (nephros, atonia, want of 
tone). Atony of the kidney, sometimes eventuating 
in renal paralysis. 
Nephrauxe (nef-rauks'e) or Nephraux'is (nephros, 
auxo, to increase). Enlargement of the kidney. 
Nephrectasia, nef-rek-taz'e-ah (nephros, ektasis, 
dilatation). Dilatation of the kidney. 
Nephrectomy, nef-rek'to-me (nephros, ektemno, to 
cut out). Excision of the kidney. 
Nephrelcosis, nef-rel-ko'sis (nephros, helkosis, ulcera- 
tion). Ulceration of the kidney. 
Nephrelcus, nef-rel'kus (nephros, helkos, ulcer). 
Ulcer of the kidney. 
Nephrelmintic, nef-rel-min'tik (nephros, helmins, 
worm). That which is owing to the presence of worms 
in the kidney. 
Nephremphraxis, nef-rem-fraks'is (nephros, em- 
phrasso, to obstruct). Obstruction of the kidneys. 
Nephretic, nef-ret'ik (nephros). Eelating to the 
kidney; applied especially to pain, etc. seated in the 
kidney. 
Nephreticum, nef-ret'ik-um. Medicine employed 
for the cure of kidney disease. N. lig'num, Guilan- 
dina moringa. 
Nephreticus (nef-ret'ik-us) la'pis. Green fatty 
kind of stone once used as an amulet against calcu- 
lus and epilepsy. 
Nephria, nef're-ah (nephros, kidney). Bright's 
disease of the kidney. 
Nephric, nef'rik. Eelating to the kidney. 
Nephridion, nef-rid'e-on (nephridios, pertaining to 
the kidney). Fat surrounding the kidney. 
Nephridium, nef-rid'e-um. Eenal capsule. 
Nephridius, nef-rid'e-us. Nephretic. 
Nephrine, nef'reen (nephros). Cystic oxide; urea. 
Nephrism, nef'rizm. State in which patients are 
suffering from serious affections of the kidneys. 
Nephrites, nef-re'tees (nephros). Asphaltites. 
Nephritic, nef-rit'ik. Nephretic. Eelating to in- 
flammation of the kidney. 
Nephritic! (nef-rit'is-e) mor'bi. Eenal diseases. 
Nephriticum (nef-rit'ik-um) lig'num. Guilandina 
moringa. 
Nephritidocolica, nef-rit-id-o-kol'ik-ah. Colic, re- 
nal. 
Nephritis, nef-re'tis (nephros, itis). Inflammation 
of the kidney. Several varieties have been described, 
according to the seat of the inflammation, its prog- 
ress, etc., under the names Acute or Suppurative neph- 
ritis, Desquamative and Non-desquamative nephritis, Acute 
tubal nephritis, Parenchymatous nephritis, Interstitial 
nephritis, or Nephritis vera, etc. Most of these varie- 
ties have already been referred to as different stages 
of acute and chronic Bright's disease. (See Kidney, 
Bright's disease of the). When the mucous membrane 
of the pelvis of the kidney is inflamed, the affection 
is called pyelitis. Acute nephritis-or, as it is sometimes 
called, from its tendency to suppuration, suppurative 
nephritis-is characterized by acute pain; burning 
heat and a sensation of weight in the region of one 
or both kidneys; suppression or diminution of urine; 
fever; dysuria; ischuria; constipation, more or less 
obstinate; retraction of the testicle, and numbness of 
the thigh of the same side. In calculous 
lithonephritis-the urine often contains small particles 
of uric acid or of urate of ammonia. The most com- NEPH RO-ABDOMINAL 
mon causes of nephritis are excess in irritating and 
alcoholic drinks; abuse of diuretics; blows or falls 
on the region of the kidneys; the presence of renal 
calculi, etc. It may be distinguished from lumbago 
by the pain which attends the latter on the slightest 
motion, etc. It usually terminates by resolution in 
from one week to two or three; it may, however, 
end in suppuration, when it is called pyonephritis; 
or it may become chronic, chronic nephritis. Lympho- 
matous nephritis may occur in typhoid fever, numerous 
small areas being infiltrated with round cells, having 
the appearance of lymphomata. See Kidney, Bright's 
disease of the. Nephritis occurring in the childbed 
state has been called puerperal nephritis. Asphaltites. 
N., acute diffuse', see Kidney, Bright's disease of the. 
N., acute exu'dative, a form of acute Bright's dis- 
ease ; see Kidney, Bright's disease of the. N., acute 
produc'tive, form of acute Bright's disease in 
which there is proliferation of the stroma of the 
connective tissue and of the cells of the Malpighian 
tufts. N. albuminen'sis, kidney, Bright's disease 
of the. N. albumino'sa, kidney, Bright's disease of 
the. N., albu'minous, kidney, Bright's disease of 
the. N., am'yloid, amyloid degeneration of the kid- 
neys. N., arte'rial, nephritis due to arterial ather- 
oma. N. arthrit'ica, nephritis, gouty. N., ascend'- 
ing, nephritis caused by diseased condition of the in- 
ferior urinary organs, or introduction of a catheter, or 
operative interference on the urethra and bladder. 
N., asso'ciated, kidney, Bright's disease of the. N., 
blennorrhag'ic, nephritis due to gonorrhoea. N., 
cachec'tic, kidney, Bright's disease of the. N., cal'- 
culous, see Nephritis. N. chirur'gica, nephritis, sur- 
gical. N., chron'ic degen'erative, chronic Bright's 
disease of the kidney. N., chron'ic diffuse' with 
exuda'tion, chronic Bright's disease of the kidney. 
N., chron'ic intersti'tial, contracted or granular or 
gouty kidney; see Kidney, Bright's disease of the. 
N., chron'ic parenchym'atous, chronic Bright's dis- 
ease of the kidney. N., chron'ic tu'bal, chronic 
Bright's disease of the kidney. N., consec'utive, 
inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney. N., 
croup'ous, kidney, Bright's disease of the. N., des'- 
quamative, condition of Bright's disease in which 
epithelial cells are seen by the microscope in the 
urine; see Kidney, Bright's disease of the. N., dif- 
fuse' hemorrhag'ic, acute parenchymatous nephritis 
in which the urine contains blood-corpuscles. N., 
diphtherit'ic, parenchymatous or glomerular neph- 
ritis caused by diphtheritic micro-organisms. N., 
epithe'lial, nephritis, parenchymatous. N., gout'y, in- 
terstitial or parenchymatous nephritis in which depos- 
its of sodium urate are found in the renal pyramids. 
N. gravida'rum, nephritis, puerperal. N., hemor- 
rhag'ic, nephritis, acute parenchymatous. N., in'- 
durative, nephritis, chronic interstitial. N., meta- 
stat'ic, N. associated with disease of other organs, as 
of the heart. N., non-des'quamative, see Kidney, 
Bright's disease of the. N., parasit'ic, nephritis due 
to presence of micro-organisms. N., parenchym'- 
atous, see Kidney, Bright's disease of the. N., pur'u- 
lent, nephritis, suppurative. N. rheumat'ica, neph- 
ritis caused by rheumatism. N. saturni'na, nephritis 
due to chronic plumbism. N., scarlati'nal, nephritis 
occurring during an attack of or following scarlet 
fever. N. socla'ta, kidney, Bright's disease of the. 
N., sup'purative, see Nephritis. N., sur'gical, Sur- 
gical kidney; chronic inflammation of the kidney, the 
result of local lesions, as calculus in the kidney or 
bladder, stricture of the urethra, etc. N., tu'bal, kid- 
ney, Bright's disease of the. N., tuber'cular, tuber- 
culosis, renal. N. urat'ica, nephritis, gouty. 
Nephro - abdominal, nef'ro-ab-dom'in-al. Com- 
mencing at the kidney and terminating at the wall 
of the abdomen; a term applied to fistulas so consti- 
tuted. 
Nephrocele, nef-ro-se'le (Eng. nef'ro-seel) (nephros, 
kele, tumor). Hernia of the kidney. 
Nephrochalazosis, nef-ro-kal-az-o'sis (nephros, cha- 
laza, hail, granulation). Kidney, Bright's disease of 
the. 
741 
NEPHROPTOSIS 
Nephrococcosis, nef-ro-kok-ko'sis (nephros, kokkos, 
grain or berry). Kidney, Bright's disease of the. 
Nephrocolica, nef-ro-kol'ik-ah. Colica nephritica. 
Nephrocystitis, nef-ro-sis-te'tis (nephros, kustis, 
bladder, itis). Inflammation of the kidney and 
bladder. 
Nephrocystosis, nef-ro-sis-to'sis (nephros, kustis, 
cyst or bladder, osis). Morbid condition consisting 
in the formation of cysts in the bladder. 
Nephrodes, nef-ro'dees. Nephroid. 
Nephrodium filix (nef-ro'de-um fe'liks) mas (neph- 
ros). Polypodium filix mas. N. margina'le, Aspid- 
ium marginale. 
Nephrodysneuria, nef-ro-dis-nu're-ah. Condition 
in which the nerves of the kidney are diseased. 
Nephroedema, nef-re-de'mah (nephros, kidney, oide- 
ma, oedema). Eenal oedema. 
Nephrogenous, nef-roj'en-us (nephros, kidney, gen> 
nao, to beget). Producing a morbid condition of the 
kidney. 
Nephrography, nef-rog'ra-fe (nephros, graphe, de- 
scription). Anatomical description of the kidney. 
Nephrohaemia, nef-ro-he'me-ah (nephros, haima, 
blood). Hypericmia or congestion of the kidney. 
Nephroid, nef'roid (nephros, eidos, form, resem- 
blance). Eeniform; having a resemblance to a kid- 
ney, as nephroid cancer, so called because the morbid 
growth resembles the kidney in structure. 
Nephrolith, nef'ro-lith (nephros, lithos, stone). Ee- 
nal calculus, or stone in the kidney. 
Nephrolithiasis, nef-ro-lith-e'as-is (nephros, lithos, 
stone). Formation of calculus in the kidney; Lithia 
renalis, Lithiasis nephritica, L. renalis. See Gravel. 
Nephrolithic, nef-ro-lith'ik. Belonging to calculi 
in the kidneys; epithet applied to ischuria occasioned 
by calculi formed in the kidneys. 
Nephrolithocolica, nef-ro-lith-o-kol'ik-ah (nephros, 
kidney, lithos, stone, kolikos). Eenal colic from pres- 
ence of calculus. 
Nephrolithotomy, nef-ro-lith-ot'o-me. Nephrot- 
omy. Operation for removal of calculus in the 
kidney. 
Nephrolithus, nef-rol'ith-us. Eenal calculus. 
Nephrology, nef-rol'o-je (nephros, logos, treatise). 
Treatise on the kidneys; description of the kidneys 
and their functions. 
Nephromalacia, nef-ro-mal-ash'e-ah (nephros, mala- 
kia, softness). Softening of the kidney. 
Nephromere, nef'ro-mere (nephros, kidney, meros, 
a part). Part of mesoblast from which the kidney is 
formed. 
Nephrometrse, nef-ro-met're. Muscles of the loins. 
Nephromiosis, nef-ro-me-o'sis. Atrophy of the 
kidneys. 
Nephroncus, nef-ron'kus (nephros, onkos, tumor). 
Tumefaction of the kidney. Tumor in that region. 
Nephroparalysis, nef-ro-par-al'is-is. Paralysis of 
the kidneys. 
Nephroparesis, nef-ro-par'es-is (nephros, paresis, 
loss of tone). Nephroparalysis. 
Nephropathy, nef-rop'ath-e (nephros, pathos, dis- 
ease). Disease of the kidneys. 
Nephrophlegmasia, nef-ro-fleg-maz'e-ah (nephros, 
phlegmasia). Nephritis. 
Nephrophlegmatic, nef - ro - fleg - mat' ik (nephros, 
phlegma, phlegm). Name given by some authors 
to ischuria produced by mucus contained in the 
urine. 
Nephrophlegmone, nef-ro-fleg'mo-ne (nephros, phleg- 
mone, inflammation). Nephritis. 
Nephrophthisis, nef-ro-te'sis (nephros, phthisis, con- 
sumption). Phthisis from suppuration or wasting dis- 
ease of the kidney. 
Nephroplegia, nef - ro - plej' e - ah (nephros, plege, 
stroke). Nephroparalysis. 
Nephroplethoric, nef-ro-ple-thor'ik (nephros, ple- 
thora, plethora). Belonging to plethora of the kid- 
neys ; epithet given to ischuria so caused. 
Nephroptosis, nef-ro-to'sis (nephros, ptosis). Condi- 
tion in which the kidney is prolapsed, or has slipped 
away from its natural position. N EPH ROPYELITIS 
Nephropyelitis, nef-ro-pe-el-e'tis {nephros, puelos, 
pelvis). Inflammation of parenchyma and pelvis of 
kidney. 
Nephropyic, nef-ro-pi'ik {nephros, puon, pus). Be- 
longing to suppuration of the kidney. 
Nephropyosis, nef-ro-pe-o'sis {nephron, puon, pus). 
Suppuration of the kidney; nephrapostasis. Nephrel- 
cosis, or ulceration of the kidney, may sometimes be 
accompanied with suppuration. 
Nephrorrhagia, nef-ror-rhaj'e-ah {nephros, rhage, 
rupture). Hemorrhage from the kidney. 
Nephrorrhaphy, nef-ror'rha-fe {nephros, rhaphe, su- 
ture). Suture of kidney to the abdominal wall, as in 
case of floating kidney. 
Nephros, nef'ros. Kidney. 
Nephroscleria (nef-ro-skler'e-ah) or Nephroscle- 
ro'sis {nephros, skleria, hardness). Induration of the 
kidneys. 
Nephrospastic, nef-ro-spas'tik {nephros, spao, to 
draw). That which depends upon spasm of the kid- 
ney ; epithet given to a variety of ischuria. 
Nephrostegnosis, nef-ro-steg-no'sis {nephros, stegno- 
sis, occlusion). Condition of kidney in which con- 
traction is associated with induration. 
Nephrostome, nef'ro-stome {nephros, stoma, mouth). 
An infundibular opening of a primitive kidney. 
Nephrothromboid, nef - ro - throm' boid {nephros, 
thrombos, clot). Depending upon clots of blood in the 
kidneys or their ducts, a species of ischuria. 
Nephrotomy, nef-rot'o-me {nephros, tome, section). 
Dissection of the kidney. Also operation for extract- 
ing calculi or a tumor from the kidney, by incision 
into the tissue of that organ. 
Nephrotyphus, nef-ro-ti'fus. Typhus fever as- 
sociated with hemorrhagic nephritis. 
Nephrozymose, nef-ro-zi'moze {nephros, sumosis, 
fermentation). Diastatic ferment found in urine. 
Nephrus, nef'rus. Kidney. 
Nepios, nep'e-os. Infant. 
Nepiotes, nep-e'o-tees. Infancy. 
Nepta, nep'tah. Asphaltum. 
Nep'tune's gir'dle. Name given to an abdominal 
bandage resorted to for applying cold to the waist and 
upper part of the abdomen. 
Nera, ne'rah. Toddy. 
Ne'reum. Nerium. 
Neriatin, ne're-at-in. Active principle of Nerium 
odorum or oleander; employed as a cardiac tonic. 
Nerium, ne're-um {neros, humid, because growing 
in moist places). N. oleander. N. antidysenter 
icum, tree which affords the Codagapala bark. Bark, 
Koorchee, of this Malabar tree has been recom- 
mended as an astringent in diarrhoea, dysentery, etc. 
The seeds, Semina indagee, Indrojolare, are used as a 
vermifuge by the natives. N. odo'rum, Kunaree, of 
India, is a well-known poison, and extensively used 
as such. N. olean'der, leaves are narcotic. Infusion 
is employed internally in herpetic affections, and the 
powder, incorporated with lard, in itch. 
Neroli, ner'o-le. See Citrus aurantium. 
Neroniana (ne-ro-ne-an'ah) or Neronica phlebo- 
tomia, ue-ro'ne-kah fle-bo-tom'e-ah. Epithet given 
to phlebotomy when more than one vein was opened 
on the same day, or to bleeding coup sur coup (termed 
Neroniana because the philosopher Seneca was bled 
to death under Nero). 
Neruah. Dracunculus. 
Nerve {neuron, cord or string). {Neuron and Nervus 
meant also, with the ancients a tendon and a liga- 
ment, Partes nervosse; and hence the different ac- 
ceptations of "nervous"-"a man of nerve - a 
strong, nervous man; and a weak, nervous woman"). 
Nerves are tubular cords of the same substance as that 
composing the encephalon and spinal marrow. They 
extend from the nervous centres to every part of the 
body, communicating frequently with each other; 
forming plexuses, and occasionally ganglions; and 
being at length lost in the parenchyma of organs. 
There are 42 pairs, and according to their origin 
they are termed Cranial or Encephalic and Spi- 
nal. Each nerve is composed of several filaments 
742 
NERVE 
or cords placed alongside each other, and is sur- 
rounded by a neurilemma. Encephalic nerves, in 
general, have only one root in the brain, whilst the 
spinal arise from the marrow by two roots: the one 
from an anterior fasciculus of filaments, the other 
from a posterior, separated from each other by the 
ligamentum denticulatum, uniting outside this liga- 
ment and presenting near the intervertebral foramen 
a ganglion formed only by the posterior root. The 
two roots make, afterward, but one nerve; and, like 
the encephalic nerves, proceed to their destination, 
subdividing into rami and ramusculi until they are 
finally lost in the texture of the organs. Trunks 
first formed are commonly round, and proceed alone 
or accompany the great vessels, being placed in the 
areolar spaces which separate the organs, and are 
thus protected from injury. Their manner of termi- 
nation has admitted of much discussion. See Cor- 
puscles, Pacinian, Corpuscula tactds, etc. Some or- 
gans have numerous nerves; others seem to have 
none-a circumstance influencing considerably the 
sensibility of parts. Observation has shown that cer- 
tain motor fibres cross the median line and affect 
muscles on the side opposite to that from which they 
originate; but the influence is very limited. Some 
important facts as to the more important nerves, 
their number, measurements, etc., have been tabu- 
lated as follows (Krause): 
Number of nerve-fibres. In the 3d-12th cephalic nerves, 
about 100,000 on each side, as follows : 
Oculoinotorius 15000 
Trochlearis 1100- 2000 
Trigeminus (portio minor) 9000-10000 
Abducens 2000- 3600 
Facialis 4000- 4500 
Glossopharyngeus 3500- 4000 
Vagusfiner 4000 
" coarser 5000 
Accessorius .... finer 1300- 1400 
" .... coarser 2000- 2500 
Hypoglossus .... coarse 4000- 4500 
Thickness of nerve-fibres. On an average, 0.0072 mm. 
(Krause). 
Dimensions of some of the more important nerves (mm.) 
(Krause): 
Olfactorius: Vertical diameter 
at commencement . . . about 4 
Bulbus olfactorius8-9 long, about 4 broad. 
Opticus: Thickness at com- 
mencement 4.5 (Krause). 
Thickness at great- 
est constriction in 
lamina cribrosa . 
•1.35 (Flemming). 
Oculomotorius 3 
Trochlearis at most 1 
Trigeminus: 
Portio major at commence- 
ment 6 
Portio major at exit from 
pons 3.8 
Portio minor 2 
the whole trunk (with 
both roots), 8 broad, 4 
thick. 
Ganglion Gasseri 16 broad, 3 thick. 
N. ophthalmicus (ramus primus 
nervi trigemini) 3 
N. ethmoidalis posterior (or 
spheno-ethmoidalis) 0.1 
N. maxillaris superior (ramus 
secundus, N. trigemini) ... 5 broad, 1.7 thick. 
N. maxillaris inferior (ramus 
tertius, N. trigemini) 6 " 3 " 
N. lingualis 2 (Luschka). 
N. abducens 1.7 
N. facialis at entrance into facial 
canal 2 
Ganglion geniculi 2 at base. 
Chorda tympani 0.5 
The Encephalic nerves arise from the encephalon 
or are inserted, into it (according as we consider 
the brain the origin or termination of the nerves), 
and make their exit by foramina at the base of the 
skull. They are 12 in number. The spinal nerves 
are 31-8 cervical, 12 dorsal, 5 lumbar, and 6 sacral, 
the four inferior cervical being larger than the supe- 
rior, because they furnish the nerves of the upper 
extremities. 
The following table gives a synoptical arrange- 
ment of the principal nerves and their distribution: NERVE 
743 
NERVE 
Synoptical Table of the Nerves. 
r Divided into internal, external, and 
middle branches, which are dis- 
tributed on the Schneiderian mem- 
brane. 
I. Cranial or Encephalic Nerves. 
6. Abducentes. 
(6th pair.) 
To the rectus externus oculi. 
1. Olfactory. 
(1st pair.) 
1. At its exit from the cranium, the 
posterior auricular, stylohyoid, and 
inframasloid, to the pavilion of the 
ear, the mastoid process, the digas- 
tricus, and the muscles attached to 
the styloid process. 
2. Near the parotid gland, the tempo- 
ral, malar, buccal, supramaxillary, 
and inframaxillary to the whole su- 
perficies of the face. 
2. Optic. 
(2d pair.) 
Terminate in the retina. 
Superior Branch. To the rectus su- 
perior oculi and levator palpebree 
superioris. 
Inferior Branch. To the rectus in- 
ternus, rectus inferior, and lesser 
oblique muscles; a filament which 
goes to the ophthalmic ganglion. 
7. Facial. 
(Portio dura of 
the 7th pair.) 
3. Motores oculorum. 
(3d pair.) 
8. Auditory. 
(Portio mollis of 
the 7th pair.) 
To the vestibule, semicircular canals, 
and cochlea. 
4. Pathetici. 
(4th pair.) 
To the greater oblique muscle of the 
eye. 
Ophthalmic Branch. Divided into 
three branches: 1. Lacrymal 
branch, to the lacrymal gland 
and upper eyelid. 2. Frontal branch, 
to the forehead and upper eyelid. 
3. Nasal branch, to the eyelids, nasal 
fossae, and nose. 
Superior Maxillary Branch. 1. Orbital 
branch, to the orbit. 2. Posterior 
and superior dental, to the last three 
molar teeth and gums. 3. Anterior 
dental, to the incisor, canine, and 
two lesser molares. 4. Infra-orbitar, 
to the upper lip, cheek, and nose. 
Inferior Maxillary Branch. 1. Tempo- 
ral profound branches, to the tem- 
poral muscle. 2. Masseterine branch, 
to the masseter muscle. 3. Buccal, 
to the inner surface of the cheek. 
4. Pterygoid, to the internal ptery- 
goid muscle. 5. Lingual, to the mu- 
cous membrane of the tongue. 6. 
Inferior dental, to the teeth of the 
lower jaw and to the lower lip. 7. 
Auricular branch, to the pavilion 
of the ear and forehead. 
9. Glossopharyngeal. 
(Portion of the 
8th pair.) 
To the base of the tongue and 
pharynx. 
1. In the Neck-jpharyngeal 
branch to the pharynx; superior 
laryngeal branch to" the larynx, 
and to some of the muscles of the 
inferior hyoid region. Cardiac 
branches to the cardiac plexus. 
2. In the Chest-inferior laryngeal 
branch to the larynx, pulmonary 
branches, which form the plexus 
of the same name; oesophageal 
branches to the oesophagus. 
3. In the Abdomen-g a stria 
branches to the parietes of the 
stomach ; filaments which go to the 
neighboring plexuses. 
10. Par vagum, 
(8th pair.) 
5. Par trigeminum. 
(5th pair.) 
At its exit from the cranium-the 
accessory of the pneuniogastric nerve 
anastomosing with this nerve. In 
the neck, filaments to the trapezius 
muscles. 
Cervicalis descendens, to the muscles 
of the inferior hyoid region and to 
the cervical nerves. Filaments to 
the muscles of the tongue. 
11. Spinal or Acces- 
sory of Willis. 
12. Hypoglossal. 
(9th pair.) 
II. Spinal or Vertebral Nerves. 
1st Cervical Pair. 
1. Cervical Nerves. 
Anterior Branch. Anastomosing par 
arcade with the second pair. 
uments of the palmar and dorsal 
surfaces of the forearm, near the 
ulnar margin. 5. Brachial external 
cutaneous, principally to the integ- 
uments of the palmar and dorsal 
surfaces of the forearm, near the 
radial margin. 6. Median nerve, to 
the forearm, hand, and palmar sur- 
face of all the fingers. 7. Cubital 
nerve, to the last two fingers. 8. 
Radial, to the first three. 9. Axil- 
lary, around the shoulder-joint, 
and to the neighboring muscles. 
2d Cervical Pair. 
Anterior Branch. Branch anastomos- 
ing with the first pair; a branch 
which goes to the cervical plexus. 
3d and Uh Cervical 
Pairs. 
Posterior Branch of these four pairs ramifies on the occiput 
and muscles of the superficial and deep-seated cervico- 
occipital regions. 
Anterior Branch. Concurring in the 
cervical plexus. 
Brachial Plexus. 
Descending Branches.-1. Internal 
descending, anastomosing with a 
branch of the hypoglossus. 2. 
Phrenic branch, to the diaphragm. 
3. External descending branches, di- 
viding into supraclavicular, supra- 
acromial, infraclavicular, and cer- 
vicales profundi, to the muscles 
and integuments of the upper part 
of the chest and shoulder, to the 
trapezius, levator scapulae, rhom- 
boideus, etc. 
Ascending Branches.-1. Mastoid, 
to the posterior and lateral part of 
the head and the inner surface of 
the pavilion of the ear. 2. Auricu- 
lar, to the parotid gland and pavil- 
ion of the ear. 
Superficial Cervical Branches. (2.) To 
the platysma myoides, diagastri- 
cus, the integuments of the neck, 
etc. 
1st Dorsal Pair. 
2. Dorsal Nerves {Nervi dor sales). 
Anterior Branch. To the brachial 
plexus. 
2d and 3d Dorsal 
Pairs. 
Anterior Branches. Intercostal and 
brachial branch. 
Anterior Branches. Internal branches 
to the intercostals, triangularis 
sterni, pectoralis major, and to the 
skin. External branches to the in- 
teguments of the chest, the obliquus 
externus abdominis, and the skin 
of the abdomen. 
Cervical Plexus. 
Uh, 5th, 6th, and 1th 
Dorsal Pairs. 
Anterior Branches. Internal branches 
to the transversalis, obliquus inter- 
nus, and rectus muscles, and to the 
skin of the abdomen. External 
branches to the integuments of the 
chest and to the muscles and skin 
of the abdomen. 
Anterior Branch. To the first lumbar 
nerve, and to the muscles and skin 
of the abdomen as far as the iliac 
crest. 
8th, 9th, 10th, and 
11th Dorsal Pairs. 
Anterior Branches. Assisting in the 
formation of the brachial plexus. 
Posterior Branches. To the muscles 
and integuments of the posterior 
part of the neck and upper part of 
the back. 
5th, 6th, and 1th Cer- 
vical Pairs. 
12th Dorsal Pair. 
1. Thoracic Branches. To the anterior 
and lateral parts of the chest. 2. 
Suprascapulary branch to the mus- 
cles of the posterior scapular region. 
3. Infrascapulary branches (3) to 
the subscapularis, teres major, teres 
minor, and latissimus dorsi. 4. Bra- 
chial internal cutaneous, to the integ- 
Posterior Branches of the dorsal nerves are distributed to the 
muscles and integuments of the back and loins. 
Brachial Plexus. 
1st, 3d, 3d, and Uh 
Lumbar Pairs. 
3. Lumbar Nerves. 
Anterior Branches. Concurring to 
form the lumbar plexus. 
5th Pair. 
Anterior Branch. Aiding in forming 
the sciatic plexus. NERVE 
Posterior Branches of the lumbar nerves are distributed to 
the loins, sacrum, and nates. 
744 
NERVE 
1. Musculo-cutaneous Branches number 
three. One, superior, to the muscles 
of the abdomen, to the fold of the 
groin, and the scrotum; a middle, 
to the integuments and muscles of 
the abdomen; and an inferior, to 
the skin of the thigh. 2. Genito- 
crural branch to the integuments 
of the scrotum, the groin, and the 
thigh. 3. Crural nerve, to the in- 
teguments and muscles of the thigh, 
skin of the leg, and foot. 4. Obtu- 
rator nerve, to the muscles at the 
inner part of the thigh. 5. Lumbo- 
sacral, to the sciatic plexus. Gives 
off the gluteal nerve to the glutsei 
muscles. 
5th and 6th Pairs. 
Posterior Branches ramify on the muscles and integuments 
of the nates. 
Anterior Branches. To the parts in 
the vicinity of the coccyx. 
1. Hemorrhoidal nerves, to the rectum. 
2. Vesical, to the bladder. 3. Uterine 
and vaginal, to the vagina and ute- 
rus. 4. Inferior gluteal, to the glu- 
teal muscles, perineum, and integ- 
uments of the posterior part of the 
thigh. 5. Pudic, to the perineum, 
penis, or vulva. 6. Sciatic, divided 
into the external popliteal, which 
ramifies on the integuments and 
muscles of the external side of the 
leg, on the dorsum of the foot, and 
the dorsal surface of the toes; and 
into the internal popliteal, distrib- 
uted on the dorsal surface of the 
last two toes, to the muscles of the 
foot, and on the plantar surface of 
all the toes. 
Lumbar Plexus. 
Sciatic Plexus. 
4. Sacral Nerves. 
1st, 3d, 3d, and hth 
Sacral Pairs. 
r Anterior Branches. Form by their 
' union the sciatic plexus. 
Classifications of the nerves have been recom- 
mended according to their uses, in preference to the 
ordinary anatomical arrangement. It has been re- 
marked that the encephalic nerves have generally 
one root; the spinal two. Experiments and patho- 
logical facts have proved that the anterior column of 
the marrow - Funiculus anterior--and the anterior 
roots of the spinal nerves are inservient to volition 
or voluntary motion; and that the posterior column 
-Funiculus posterior-and roots are destined for sen- 
sibility. Hence the spinal nerves, which have two 
roots, must be the conductors both of motion and 
feeling, while the encephalic, which, with but few 
exceptions, have but one, can possess but one of these 
properties: they must be either sensitive or motor ac- 
cording as they arise from the posterior or anterior 
column of the medulla, and, consequently, three 
classes of nerves may be distinguished: 
nominated the sympathetic, and probably filaments 
of the pneumogastric; and, 2. External ganglionic, 
embracing the fifth and posterior spinal nerves. To 
the cerebral system he assigned all diseases of sensa- 
tion, perception, judgment, and volition-therefore 
all painful, mental, and comatose, and some paralytic 
diseases. To the true spinal, excitomotory, reflex, or 
diastaltic nervous system he referred all spasmodic and 
certain paralytic diseases. He properly added that 
these two parts of the nervous system influence each 
other both in health and disease, as they both influ- 
ence the ganglionic system. 
Nerves are sheathed and are united to the neigh- 
boring parts by an abundant layer of fatty areolar 
texture, which sends inward prolongations that 
separate the nervous cords and filaments from each 
other. The arterial trunks distributed to them 
transmit branches into their interior. The veins fol- 
low the same course as the arteries. Absorbents are 
not easily traced even on the greatest trunks. The 
term regeneration of nerves has been applied to the 
process of reproduction of nerves after severe lesions 
of the nerves, as in gunshot injuries, etc. N., abdu'- 
cent, motor oculi externus. N., accessory, of Wil'lis, 
spinal nerve. N., afferent, see Afferent. N. of Ar'- 
nold, Arnold's nerve. N., artic'ular, branches so 
called are given off to various joints from the axil- 
lary, ulnar, obturator, great sciatic, and other nerves. 
N., artic'ulo-tem'poral, see Auricular. N., augmen'- 
tor, cardiac sympathetic nerves. N., buccina'tor, 
buccal nerve. N. bulb, see End-bulbs. N., catabol'ic, 
nerve assisting in causing chemical changes of a de- 
structive character. N. cells, see Neurine. N., cer- 
ebrospi'nal, nerves connected with the cerebro- 
spinal centre, are, in number, forty-three pairs; twelve 
are cerebral and thirty-one spinal. N. of Cotun'- 
nius, nasopalatine nerve. N. em'inence, elevation 
of the sarcolemma over the seat of the end-plate, 
and of the end-plate itself; see End-plate. N., 
fa'cial, see Facial nerve. N., fem'oral cuta'neous, 
see Genitocrural nerve. N., fem'oro-poplite'al, lesser, 
sciatic nerve, lesser. N. fi'bres, in the nerves of the 
higher animals two forms of nerve-fibre exist-the 
tubular and the gelatinous. In the minute fibrils or 
tubules, tubuli nervei, full of nervous matter, which 
constitute the former, there is a difference between 
the central and peripheral portion; the former has 
been called the axis-cylinder and primitive and 
flattened band, band of Remak; the latter, the medul- 
lary or white substance of Schwann-nerve medulla, 
sheath of Schwann, medullary sheath or matter, myelin- 
being that to which the peculiarly white aspect of 
cerebrospinal nerves is principally due. In the 
gelatinous fibre no tubular envelope can be distin- 
guished, and the white substance of Schwann seems 
to be wanting. It contains numerous cell-nuclei. 
The white substance of Schwann and the tubular 
sheath generally disappear as the nerve approaches 
its terminal distribution, the axis-cylinder invested 
by its basement-membrane being left; see Neurine, 
N., gen'ital, see Genitocrural nerve. N., genitocru'- 
r Arising, by a single root, from the posterior 
column of the medulla oblongata or spinal 
I marrow. 
1. Sensory. 
2. Motor. 
I Arising, by a single root, from the anterior 
I column of the same parts. 
3. Sensory and 
Motor. 
Which have two roots: one from the ante- 
rior and one from the posterior column. 
Dr. Marshall Hall's division of the nervous system 
is calculated to explain many of the anomalous cir- 
cumstances so frequently witnessed. He proposed* to 
divide all nerves into-1. Cerebral, or sentient and 
voluntary; 2. True spinal or excitomotory; 3. Gan- 
glionic or cycloganglionic, the nutrient and secretory. 
If the sentient and voluntary functions be destroyed 
by a blow upon the head, the sphincter muscles will 
still contract when irritated, because the irritation 
is conveyed to the spine and the reflex action takes 
place to the muscle so as to throw it into contraction. 
But if the spinal marrow be now destroyed, the 
sphincters remain entirely motionless, because the 
centre of the system is destroyed. Dr. Hall main- 
tained that a peculiar set of nerves constitutes, 
with the vesicular centre of the marrow as their 
axis, the second subdivision of the nervous system; 
and as those of the first subdivision are distin- 
guished into sentient and voluntary, these may be 
distinguished into the excitor and motory. The first, 
or the excitor nerves, pursue their course principally 
from internal surfaces, characterized by peculiar ex- 
citabilities. to the centre of the medulla oblongata 
and medulla spinalis; the second, or the motor nerves, 
pursue a reflex course from the medulla to the mus- 
cles, having peculiar actions, concerned principally in 
ingestion and egestion. The motions connected with 
the first or cerebral subdivisions are sometimes, in- 
deed frequently, spontaneous ; those connected with 
the true spinal are, he believes, always excited. He 
thought, too, that there is good reason for viewing 
the fifth and posterior spinal nerves as constituting 
an external ganglionic system for the nutrition of 
the external organs; and he proposed to divide the 
ganglionic subdivision of the nervous system into-1. 
Internal ganglionic, which includes that usually de- NERVES 
ral, see Genitocrural nerve. N. glands, name given by 
Eemak to the suprarenal bodies. N., glu'teal, of the 
sa'cral plex'us, sciatic nerve, lesser. N., gus'tatory, 
hypoglossal nerve. N., hypoglos'sal, see Hypoglossal. 
N., in'guinal, inter'nal, genitocrural nerve. N. of Ja'- 
cobson, see Petrosal ganglion. N. of Lanci'si, see Corpus 
callosum. N., lat'eral na'sal, sphenopalatine nerve. 
N., lin'gual, hypoglossal nerve. N. medulla, see 
Nerve-fibres. N., na'so-ocula'ris, nasal nerve. N., 
nasopal'atine, see Nasopalatine. N., nasopal'pe- 
bral, nasal nerve. N., oc'ular, optic nerve. N., 
op'tic, see Optic. N., orbitofron'tal, ophthalmic 
nerve. N. of organic life, trisplanchnic nerve. N., 
palpebrofron'tal, frontal nerve. N. pang, neural- 
gia. N., phren'ic, diaphragmatic nerve. N., pop- 
lite'al, inter'nal, tibial nerve, posterior. N. pow'er, 
nervous power. N., re'nal, see Splanchnic nerve. N., 
res'piratory, exter'nal, see Thoracic nerves. N., res'- 
piratory, of the face, facial nerve. N., res'pira- 
tory, supe'rior, spinal nerve. N., scapulohu'meral, 
axillary nerve. N., scro'tal, see Genitocrural nerve. 
N., sheath of, neurilemma. N., spi'ral, radial nerve. 
N., spi'ral, mus'cular, radial nerve. N. storm, par- 
oxysmal attack of nervous disturbance. N. stretch'- 
ing, operation consisting in cutting down on and 
forcibly stretching a nerve for the purpose of reliev- 
ing neuralgic affections, spasmodic contraction, etc., 
or more superficially in flexion of the part, massage, 
etc. N., suboccipital, occipital nerve. N., subpu'- 
bian, genitocrural nerve. N., superficial tem'po- 
ral, auricular nerve. N., sympathetic, trisplanchnic 
nerve. N., tem'poral cuta'neous, auricular nerve. 
N. tire, neurasthenia. N. track, path along which 
nerve-fibres convey nervous impulses. N., trigem'- 
inal, see Trigemini. N. tu'mor, neuroma. N., ul'nar, 
cubital nerve. N., vasomo'tor, see Vasomotor. N., 
Vidian, pterygoid nerve. N., vo'cal, see Spinal nerve. 
N. wounds, see Wounds of nerves. N. of Wris'berg, see 
Cutaneous nerves. N., zygo'mato-auric'ular, auricular 
nerve. 
(For other nerves that may not have received dis- 
tinct mention under Nerve, Nerves, Nervi, or Nervus, 
see table on preceding page, or refer to them by 
name under the alphabetical head. Optic nerve, for 
example, will be found described under Optic; gen- 
itocrural nerve, under Genitocrural, etc.) 
Nerves, com'pound. Nerves, motor-sensory. N., 
costal, intercostal nerves. N., dor'sal, intercostal 
nerves. N., eighth pair of, pneumogastric. N., 
encephalic, elev'enth pair, spinal nerve. N., en- 
cephalic, first pair, olfactory nerves. N., eth- 
moi'dal, olfactory nerves. N., fifth pair, trigemini. 
N., fourth pair of, patheticus nervus. N., infraor'- 
bitar, suborbitar nerves. N., mo'tor or mo'tory, 
see Nerve. N., mo'tor-sen'sory, Compound nerves; 
nerves possessing both afferent and efferent fibres, and 
concerned both in motion and sensation. N., mo'- 
tor-spi'nal, see Trophic. N., ninth pair of, hypo- 
glossal nerve. N., oculomus'cular, com'mon, motores 
oculorum. N., phren'ic, diaphragmatic nerves. N., 
plex'us of, see Plexus. N., recur'rent, laryngeal 
inferior nerves. N., regenera'tion of, see Nerve- 
regeneration. N., roots of, see Nerve. N., saphe'nous, 
see Saphenous. N., sixth pair of, motor oculi externus. 
N., spi'nal, vertebral nerves. N., tenth pair of, pneu- 
mogastric. N., third pair of, motores oculorum. N., 
trifa'cial, trigemini. N., trigeminal, trigemini. N., 
trophic, see Trophic. N., vasomo'tor, see Vasomotor. 
Nervi, nur've (pl. of Ner'vus). Nerves. N. acro- 
mia'les, acromial nerves. N. alveola'res supe- 
rio'res, superior dental nerves. N. ampulla'res, 
branches of vestibular nerve distributed to ampullse 
of semicircular canals. N. anococcygel, branches 
from coccygeal plexus supplying skin about tip of 
coccyx. N. anon'ymi, innominati nervi. N. artic- 
ula'res ge'nu, supe'rior and infe'rior, branches 
from peroneal nerve distributed to the knee-joint. N. 
carot'ici exter'ni or carotid molies, branches from 
superior cervical ganglion supplying walls of exter- 
nal carotid artery. N. caverno'si, branches from 
cavernous plexus distributed to posterior part of 
745 
NERVI 
penis or clitoris. N. clavicula'res, clavicular nerves. 
N. clu'nium posterio'res, lateral branches from pos- 
terior part of the three upper sacral nerves distrib- 
uted to posterior and upper gluteal region. N. cuta'- 
nei abdomina'les latera'les, lateral branches of the 
five lower intercostal nerves. N. cuta'nei abdom'- 
inis anterio'res, branches from lower six anterior 
branches of the intercostal nerves. N. cuta'nei an- 
terio'res fem'oris, middle cutaneous nerves of thigh. 
N. cuta'nei clu'nium inferio'res, see Sciatic nerve, 
lesser. N. cuta'nei clu'nium lumba'les, nervi cuta- 
nei clunium superiores. N. cuta'nei clu'nium pos- 
terio'res, nervi clunium posteriores. N. cuta'nei 
clu'nium sacra'les, nervi clunium posteriores. N. 
cuta'nei clu'nium superio'res, lateral branches from 
posterior branches of the three superior lumbar 
nerves; they perforate the lumbar fascia, and are 
distributed to the skin over crest of ilium and upper 
gluteal region. N. cuta'nei cox'se posterio'res, 
nervi cutanei clunium superiores. N. cuta'nei cru'- 
ris media'les, branches of long saphenous nerve, sup- 
plying inner side of leg. N. cuta'nei inferio'res pos- 
terio'res, nervi clunium posteriores. N. cuta'nei 
media'les fem'oris, internal cutaneous nerves of 
thigh. N. cuta'nei pec'toris anterio'res, superior 
six anterior branches of the intercostal nerves. N. 
cuta'nei pec'toris latera'les, lateral branches of in- 
tercostal nerves from 2d to 6th or 7th. N. divi'si, 
trigemini. N. entobsenon'tes, afferent nerves. N. 
erigen'tes (erigo, erectum, to erect), nerves concerned 
in erection, which proceed from the sacral nerves 
and enter the hypogastric plexus, branches from 
which are distributed to the prostate, bladder, ure- 
thra, etc. N. facia'les inferio'res, branches from 
facial nerve to lower jaw and chin. N. facia'les 
me'dii, buccal nerves from facial. N. facia'les su- 
perio'res, zygomatic nerves. N. facia'les tempora'- 
les, branches from facial nerve to temporal region. 
N. gustato'rii, trigemini. N. hepat'ici posterio'- 
res, plexus venee portae. N. labia'les anterio'res, 
branches from ilio-inguinal nerve to labia pudendi. 
N. labia'les posterio'res, superficial internal peri- 
neal nerves. N. latera'les abdom'inis, nervi cutanei 
abdominales laterales. N. mea'tus audito'rii exter'- 
ni, branches from auriculo-temporal nerve to audi- 
tory canal. N. mol'les (soft nerves), anterior 
branches of the superior cervical ganglion of the 
great sympathetic, which accompany the carotid 
artery and its branches, around which they form 
intricate plexuses and here and there small ganglia. 
They are called molies from their softness, and subrufi 
from their reddish hue. N. nasa'les exter'ni, nasal 
nerves, external. N. nasa'les latera'les, branches of 
infra-orbital nerve supplying side of nose. N. nervo'- 
rum, nervous filaments in the neurilemma, which 
are thought to be in the same relation to the nerves as 
the vasa vasorum to the vessels. N. odorato'rii, ol- 
factory nerves. N. pectora'les anterio'res, anterior 
thoracic nerves. N. pectora'les exter'ni, anterior 
intercostal nerves. N. pectora'les latera'les, nervi 
cutanei pectoris laterales. N. pectora'les profun'di, 
anterior intercostal nerves. N. perforan'tes ante- 
rio'res, anterior cutaneous nerves of thorax and ab- 
domen. N. perforan'tes latera'les, lateral cutaneous 
nerves of thorax and abdomen. N. phren'ici inter- 
costa'les, branches from intercostal nerves to dia- 
phragm. N. phren'ico-abdomina'les, branches of 
phrenic nerve passing through diaphragm and sup- 
plying the crura. N. pterygopalati'ni, palatine 
nerves. N. pulmona'les, bronchial nerves. N. re- 
versi'vi, laryngeal inferior nerves. N. scrota'les 
anterio'res, branches from ilio-inguinal nerve to 
scrotum. N. sinuvertebra'les, nerves given off1 by 
a spinal nerve, which pass through the intervertebral 
foramina to spinal canal and its walls. N. spina'les 
thorac'ici, dorsal nerves. N. subcosta'les, intercos- 
tal nerves. N. subcuta'nei glute'i, nervi cutanei 
clunium superiores. N. subcuta'nei glute'i inferio'- 
res, gluteal cutaneous nerves. N. subcuta'nei max- 
il'lse inferio'res, nervi faciales inferiores. N. subcu- 
ta'nei na'si, nervi nasales laterales. N. subru'fi, 746 
NERVIDUCT 
nervi molies. N. superficia'les na'si, nervi nasales 
laterales. N. vulnera'tio, neurotrosis. 
Nerviduct, nurv'e-dukt. Aperture in a bone 
through which a nerve passes. N., Fallo'pian, aquae- 
ductus Fallopii. 
Nervimotion, ner-ve-mo'shun (nervus, motio, mo- 
tion). Movement which is caused in the organs of the 
senses by external agents, and transmitted to the 
muscles by the nerves. 
Nervimotor, nur-ve-mo'tor. Epithet given to ex- 
ternal agents capable of causing nervimotion. 
Nervine, nur'veen. Neurotic, Neuritic, Antineurotic, 
Antineuropathic ; medicine which acts on the nervous 
system. Also nerve-substance. Cypripedium pu- 
bescens. 
Nervopathic, nur-vo-path'ik. Neuropathic. 
Nervo-sanguine, nur'vo-san'gwin. Possessing an 
excitable and sanguine disposition. 
Ner'vosism. Doctrine which maintains that all 
morbid phenomena are owing to variations in the 
nerve-force. Neurasthenia. 
Nervous, nur'vus. Relating or belonging to the 
nerves; strong; also weak, irritable. N. attack', 
affection accompanied with spasm, pain, and differ- 
ent nervous symptoms to which impressible individ- 
uals are liable. N. cen'tres, see Centres, nervous. N. 
deaf'ness, deafness due to diseased condition of the 
auditory nerve or brain-centres. N. diath'esis, termed 
nervousness. Medically, nervousness means unusual 
impressibility of the nervous system. Formerly it 
signified strength, force, and vigor. Recently it has 
been applied to a hypochondriacal condition verging 
upon insanity, occasionally occurring in those in 
whom the brain has been unduly tasked-a condition 
termed by some cerebropathy; by others, brain fag. 
N. diseases, affections seated in the nervous system. 
To purely functional disease of the nerves the 
name neursemia has been given, and to the class 
of diseases the epithet neuraemic. N. exhaus'tion, 
neurasthenia. N. fe'ver, enteric fever of the Ger- 
mans. N. flu'id, nervous principle; fluid supposed 
to circulate through the nerves, and which has been 
regarded as the agent of sensation and motion. Of 
this fluid we know nothing except that it resembles, 
in many respects, the electric or galvanic. It was 
formerly called animal spirits, spiritus animales. N. 
head'ache, megrim. N. in'fluence, see Nervous power. 
N. pain, neuralgia. N. pow'er, nerve power, nervous 
influence; power of the nerves as exhibited in the 
living organism. N. prin'ciple, nervous fluid. N. 
sys'tem, nerves and nervous centres considered col- 
lectively ; see Nerves, Cerebro-spinal axis, etc. N. 
sys'tem of the automatic func'tions, trisplanchnic 
nerve. N. sys'tem, ganglionic, see Trisplanchnic 
nerve. N. sys'tem, organ'ic, see Trisplanchnic nerve. 
N. sys'tem of the senses, medulla oblongata. N. 
sys'tem, sympathet'ic, trisplanchnic nerve. N. sys'- 
tem of vol'untary mo'tion, etc., medulla spinalis. 
Nervousness, nur'vus-ness. Nervous diathesis. 
Nervule, nurv'ule. Small nerve. 
Ner'vuli gingiva'les. Small branches given off by 
alveolar nerves to the gums. 
Ner'vus. Nerve. See Penis. N. abdom'ino-gen- 
ita'lis supe'rior, ilio-hypogastric nerve. N. abdu'- 
cens, motor oculi externus. N. accesso'rius cuta'- 
nei inter'ni, lesser internal cutaneous nerve. N. 
accesso'rius saphe'ni exter'ni, communicans pero- 
nei. N. acus'ticus, auditory nerve. N. adscen'dens, 
recurrent laryngeal nerve. N. alveola'ris ante'rior 
ma'jor, anterior superior dental nerve. N. alveola'- 
ris ante'rior mi'nor, middle superior dental nerve. 
N. alveola'ris infe'rior, inferior dental nerve. N. 
alveola'ris maxil'lae inferio'ris, inferior dental 
nerve. N. alveola'ris poste'rior ma'jor and mi'nor, 
posterior superior dental nerves. N. ambulato'rius, 
pneumogastric nerve. N. anastomot'icus, Vidian 
nerve. N. Andersch'ii, tympanic nerve. N. anon'- 
ymus, trigemini. N. ante'rior sep'ti na'rium, branch 
of ethmoidal nerve to mucous membrane of septum 
of nose. N. ap'icis na'si, nervus nasalis externus. 
N. arte'riae femora'lis pro'prius, nerve of the fem- 
NERVUS 
oral artery. N. articula'ris, circumflex nerve. N. 
Aschia'nus, first cervical nerve. N. audito'rius, au- 
ditory nerve. N. auricula'ris cervica'lis, great au- 
ricular nerve. N. auricula'ris mag'nus, great au- 
ricular nerve. N. auricula'ris posterior, nervus 
auricularis magnus. N. auricula'ris profun'dus, 
posterior auricular nerve. N. auricula'ris va'gi, au- 
ricular branch of the pneumogastric nerve. N. au- 
ric'ulo-occipita'lis, posterior auricular nerve. N. 
axilla'ris, circumflex nerve. N. bigem'inus, nervus 
biradiatus. N. biradia'tus, second sacral nerve, giv- 
ing off the sciatic and the pudic nerve. N. biven'- 
tricus, digastric nerve. N. buccinato'rio-labia'lis, 
buccal nerve. N. buccinato'rius, buccal nerve. N. 
buccolabia'lis, buccal nerve. N. bul'bo-urethra'- 
lis, deep branch of the perineal nerve. N. calca- 
neoplanta'ris cuta'neus, plantar cutaneous nerve. 
N. cardi'acus mag'nus or profun'dus, see Cardiac 
nerves. N. cardi'acus mi'nor or par'vus, see Cardiac 
nerves. N. cardi'acus quar'tus, fourth cardiac nerve; 
branch of superior thoracic ganglion. N. cardi'acus 
superficia'lis, see Cardiac nerves. N. cardi'acus ter'- 
tius, inferior cardiac nerve. N. caroticotympan'- 
icus, nervus caroticotympanicus inferior. N. ca- 
roticotympan'icus infe'rior, branch from the tym- 
panic plexus to the carotid plexus. N. carotico- 
tympan'icus supe'rior, small deep petrosal nerve. 
N. carot'icus, carotid nerve. N. carot'icus ascen'- 
dens, or cerebra'lis, or inter'nus, carotid nerve. N. 
carot'icus Vidia'ni, great deep petrosal nerve. N. 
cerebra'lis, carotid nerve. N. cervica'lis descen'- 
dens infe'rior, communicans noni. N. cervica'lis 
descen'dens supe'rior, descendens noni. N. cervico- 
facia'lis, cervicofacial nerve. N. clitor'idis, dorsal 
nerve of clitoris. N. coccyge'us infe'rior, second 
coccygeal nerve, sometimes existing. N. eommu'ni- 
cans facia'lis, branch from auriculo-temporal to fa- 
cial nerve. N. commu'nicans faciei, facial nerve. N. 
commu'nicans fibula'ris or perone'i, communicans 
peronei. N. commu'nicans tibia'lis, external saphe- 
nous nerve. N. coracobrachia'lis, musculo-cuta- 
neous nerve. N. crotaphit'ico-buccinato'rius, ramus 
superior nervi inframaxillaris. N. crura'lis, anterior 
crural nerve. N. crura'lis inter'nus, obturator nerve. 
N. crura'lis poste'rior, obturator nerve. N. cubita'- 
lis, ulnar nerve. N. cuta'neus ante'rior, musculo- 
cutaneous nerve of leg. N. cuta'neus bra'chii ex- 
ter'nus, musculocutaneous nerve. N. cuta'neus 
bra'chii latera'lis, musculocutaneous nerve. N. 
cuta'neus bra'chii poste'rior, cutaneous branch of 
circumflex nerve. N. cuta'neus cal'cis, calcaneo- 
plantar cutaneous nerve. N. cuta'neus clu'nium 
inter'nus supe'rior, nervus perforans ligamenti tu- 
berososacri. N. cuta'neus cru'ris poste'rior latera'- 
lis, communicans peronei. N. cuta'neus cru'ris 
poste'rior me'dius, branch from sciatic or external 
popliteal distributed to the skin over the calf. N. 
cuta'neus dor's! pe'dis commu'nis, musculocuta- 
neous nerve of leg. N. cuta'neus dor'si pe'dis late- 
ra'lis, formed by external saphenous nerve uniting 
with peroneal communicating. N. cuta'neus dor'si 
pe'dis media'lis, internal branch of musculocuta- 
neous nerve of leg, supplying inner side of great toe 
and second interdigital space. N. cuta'neus dor'si 
pe'dis me'dius, external branch of musculocuta- 
neous nerve of leg, distributed to third and fourth 
interdigital spaces. N. cuta'neus fem'oris circum- 
flex'us, inferior pudendal nerve. N. cuta'neus 
fem'oris inter'nus ma'jor, internal saphenous nerve. 
N. cuta'neus fem'oris inter'nus mi'nor, internal 
cutaneous nerve of thigh. N. cuta'neus fem'oris 
latera'lis, external cutaneous nerve of thigh. N. 
cuta'neus fem'oris poste'rior, small sciatic nerve. 
N. cuta'neus glute'us infe'rior, small sciatic nerve. 
N. cuta'neus hu'meri, cutaneous branch of circumflex 
nerve. N. cuta'neus inter'nus, internal cutaneous 
nerve; see Saphenous nerves. N. cuta'neus inter'nus 
lon'gus, see Saphenous nerves. N. cuta'neus inter'- 
nus ma'jor, internal cutaneous nerve. N. cuta'neus 
inter'nus mi'nor, lesser internal cutaneous nerve. 
N. cuta'neus lon'gus cru'ris et pe'dis, external NERVUS 
saphenous nerve. N. cuta'neus media'lis, lesser 
internal cutaneous nerve. N. cuta'neus me'dius, 
internal cutaneous nerve. N. cuta'neus palma'ris, 
palmar cutaneous nerve. N. cuta'neus perine'i, 
inferior pudendal nerve. N. cuta'neus perone'i, 
musculo-cutaneous nerve of leg. N. cuta'neus plan- 
ta'ris pro'prius, calcaneoplantar cutaneous nerve. 
N. cuta'neus poste'rior exter'nus, communicans 
peronei. N. cuta'neus poste'rior, infe'rior and 
supe'rior, inferior and superior external cuta- 
neous nerves. N. cuta'neus poste'rior mag'nus, 
small sciatic nerve. N. cuta'neus poste'rior me'- 
dius, small sciatic nerve. N. cuta'neus supe'rior, 
cutaneous branch of circumflex nerve. N. de'cimus, 
pneumogastric. N. diaphragmat'icus, phrenic nerve. 
N. digita'lis planta'ris inter'nus, internal terminal 
branch of the internal plantar nerve. N. digita'lis 
planta'ris me'dius, external terminal branch of in- 
ternal popliteal nerve. N. divi'sus, trigeminus nerve. 
N. dorsa'lis pol'licis radia'lis, branch from radial 
nerve to back of thumb. N. dorsa'lis scap'ulae, 
branch from brachial plexus (fifth cervical nerve) 
distributed to rhomboid muscle. . N. ethmoida'lis 
posti'cus, spheno-ethmoidal nerve. N. femora'lis, 
anterior crural nerve. N. femorocuta'neus, exter- 
nal cutaneous nerve of thigh. N. femoroperinea'- 
lis, superficial external perineal nerve. N. fibula'- 
ris, external popliteal nerve. N. fos'sse jugula'ris, 
Arnold's nerve. N. frontonasa'lis, supratrochlear 
nerve. N. fusca'lis, nervUs triradiatus. N. ganglion'- 
icus, trisplanchnic nerve. N. ganglio'sus, sympa- 
thetic nerve. N. genitocrura'lis, genitocrural nerve. 
N. hypoglos'sus, hypoglossus. N. im'par, prolonga- 
tion of the neurilemma below the lower extremity of 
the spinal cord, as a fibrous filament, inserted into 
the base of the coccyx; formerly regarded as a nerve; 
hence its name. N. incisi'vus, incisive nerve. N. 
inframaxilla'ris, inferior maxillary nerve. N. in- 
fra-occipita'lis, first cervical nerve. N. inguina'lis 
exter'nus, external cutaneous nerve of thigh. N. 
inguina'lis inter'nus or inguinocuta'neus inter'nus, 
genitocrural nerve. N. innomina'tus, trigemini. 
N. intercosta'lis, intercostal nerve; sympathetic 
nerve. N. intercosta'lis mag'nus or intercosta'lis 
max'imus, sympathetic nerve. N. intercosta'lis 
Willis'ii, sympathetic nerve. N. intercostobrachia'- 
lis, intercostohumeral nerve. N. interme'dius 
Wrisberg'ii, intermediary nerve. N. interos'seus 
ante'rior or inter'nus, anterior interosseous nerve 
of arm. N. interos'seus cru'ris, interosseous nerve 
of leg. N. interos'seus externus, posterior inter- 
osseous nerve of arm. N. ischiad'icus, sciatic nerve. 
N. jugula'ris, branch connecting superior cervical 
ganglion with jugular ganglion. N. juveni'lis, penis. 
N. larynge'us ascen'dens, inferior laryngeal nerve. 
N. larynge'us recur'rens, inferior laryngeal nerve. 
N. latis'simi dor'si, long subscapular nerve. N. 
la'tus, Achilles tendo. N. ligamen'ti interos'sei 
cru'ris, interosseous nerve of leg. N. lingua'lis late- 
ra'lis, pharyngoglossal nerve. N. lingua'lis me'- 
dius, hypoglossal nerve. N. lingua'lis par'is octa'- 
vi, glossopharyngeal nerve. N. lo'quens, hypoglossal 
nerve. N. lumbodorsa'lis, trunk of anterior branch 
of first lumbar nerve, dividing into iliohypogastric 
and ilioinguinal. N. lumbo-inguina'lis, genitocrural 
nerve. N. lumbosacra'lis, lumbosacral cord. N. 
malleola'ris externus, branch of musculocutaneous 
nerve of leg to external malleolus. N. mandibula'ris, 
inferior dental nerve. N. margina'lis scapu'lse, long 
subscapular nerve. N. masticato'rius, superior branch 
of the inframaxillary nerve. N. mastoi'deus pos- 
te'rior, digastric nerve. N. membran'se interos'sese 
antibra'chii, branch from anterior interosseous nerve 
distributed to interosseous membrane and bones of 
forearm. N. membran'ae tym'pani, branch from the 
auricular nerve that extends to the auditory canal 
and membrana tympani. N. menin'geus poste'rior, 
meningeal nerve; branch from hypoglossal and su- 
perior cervical ganglion distributed to the blood- 
vessels around the anterior condyloid foramen. N. 
mix'tus, trigemini. N. mo'tor oc'uli exter'nus, 
747 
J NERVUS 
motor oculi externus. N. moto'rius lin'guse, hypo- 
glossal nerve. N. moto'rius oc'uli, see Motor es ocu- 
lorum. N. mus'culi mal'lei exter'ni, small branch 
from otic ganglion extending to laxator tympani. 
N. mus'culi mal'lei (intern!), branch from otic gan- 
glion or from internal pterygoid nerve to tensor tym- 
pani. N. mus'culi pterygoi'dei, pterygoid nerve. 
N. mus'culi tenso'ris ve'li palati'ni, branch from 
otic ganglion to the tensor tympani. N. musculo- 
cuta'neus pe'dis, musculocutaneous nerve of leg. 
N. mus'culo-urethra'lis, deep perineal nerve. N. 
nasa'lis ante'rior, nasal nerve. N. nasa'lis exter'- 
nus, branch of ethmoidal nerve passing down on pos- 
terior surface of nasal bone; pierces wall of nose be- 
tween nasal bone and triangular cartilage, and sup- 
plies skin of apex. N. nasocilia'ris, nasal nerve. 
N. nasodenta'lis, anterior one of the superior dental 
nerves. N. nasopalati'nus, nasopalatine nerve. N. 
nasopharynge'us, pharyngeal nerve. N. obtura- 
to'rius accesso'rius, accessory obturator nerve. N. 
occipita'lis ante'rior, small occipital nerve. N. oc- 
cipita'lis exter'nus, small occipital nerve. N. oc- 
cipita'lis inter'nus, great occipital nerve. N. oc- 
cipita'lis mag'nus, or ma'jor, or max'imus, great 
occipital nerve. N. occipita'lis mi'nor or par'vus, 
small occipital nerve. N. occipita'lis mi'nor secun'- 
dus, second small occipital nerve. N. occipita'lis 
ter'tius, third occipital nerve. N. oculomoto'rius 
commu'nis, oculomotor nerve. N. oculomuscula'ris 
or commu'nis, oculomotor nerve. N. oculomuscula'- 
ris exter'nus, abducent nerve. N. oculomuscula'ris 
supe'rior, trochlear nerve. N. oculonasa'lis, nasal 
nerve. N. op'ticus, optic nerve. N. orbita'lis, ophthal- 
mic nerve. N. pathet'icus, pathetic nerve. N. pec- 
tora'lis poste'rior, dorsalis scapulae nerve. N. 
peda'lis ante'rior, nervus cutaneus dorsi pedis 
medialis. N. pe'nis, dorsal nerve of penis. N. per'- 
forans bra'chii, musculo-cutaneous nerve. N. per'- 
forans Casse'rii, musculo-cutaneous nerve. N. per'- 
forans ligamen'ti tuberososa'cri, perforating cu- 
taneous nerve. N. perine'i, perineal nerve. N. 
perine'i latera'lis, superficial external perineal nerve. 
N. perine'i media'lis, superficial internal perineal 
nerve. N. perone'us, external popliteal nerve. N. 
perone'us inter'nus, nervus cutaneus dorsi pedis 
medialis. N. perone'us profun'dus, anterior tibial 
nerve. N. perone'us superficia'lis, musculocuta- 
neous nerve of leg. N. petro'sus, petrosal nerve. N. 
petro'sus infi'mus, small superficial petrosal nerve. 
N. petro'sus profun'dus ma'jor, great deep pe- 
trosal nerve. N. petro'sus profun'dus mi'nor, 
small deep petrosal nerve. N. petro'sus super- 
ficia'lis infi'mus, external superficial petrosal nerve. 
N. petro'sus superficia'lis ma'jor, great super- 
ficial petrosal nerve. N. petro'sus superficia'lis 
me'dius, small superficial petrosal nerve. N. pe- 
tro'sus superficia'lis mi'nor, small superficial pe- 
trosal nerve. N. petro'sus superficia'lis ter'tius, 
external superficial petrosal nerve. N. petro'sus su- 
perficia'lis vascula'ris, small superficial petrosal 
nerve. N. phren'icus accesso'rius, filament from 
phrenic nerve occasionally detached from third cer- 
vical nerve, and running separate for some distance. 
N. phren'icus secunda'rius, accessory phrenic 
nerve. N. planta'ris digitalis commu'nis IV., 
branch of external plantar supplying fourth digital 
interspace. N. planta'ris hallu'cis media'lis, branch 
of internal plantar to inner side of great toe. N. 
planta'ris latera'lis, external plantar nerve. N. 
planta'ris latera'lis dig'iti min'imi, branch of ex- 
ternal plantar to outer side of little toe. N. plan- 
ta'ris media'lis, internal plantar nerve. N. pneu- 
mogas'tricus, pneumogastric. N. poplite'us inter'- 
nus, internal popliteal nerve. N. poste'rior com- 
mu'nis, small sciatic nerve. N. pro'prius dec'imi 
ner'vi, separated filament of the vagus which leaves 
the trunk below the jugular foramen, sends twigs to 
the spinal accessory and hypoglossal, and rejoins the 
parent stem near the transverse process of the third 
cervical vertebra. N. pudendohaemorrhoida'lis, 
common trunk which gives off pudic and inferior NERVUS 
hsemorrhoidal nerves. N. puden'dus, pudic nerve. 
N. puden'dus commu'nis, nervus pudeudohsemor- 
rhoidalis. N. puden'dus exter'nus, see Genitocrural 
nerve. N. puden'dus infe'rior or inter'nus, perineal 
nerve. N. puden'dus inguina'lis, genitocrural 
nerve. N. puden'dus lon'gus infe'rior, inferior 
pudendal nerve. N. puden'dus supe'rior, dorsal 
nerve of penis. N. quin'ti recur'rens, Vidian nerve. 
N. quin'tus, trigemini. N. radia'lis, musculospiral 
nerve. N. radia'lis profun'dus, posterior interosseous 
nerve of arm; see Interosseous nerves. N. radia'lis 
superficia'lis, radial nerve. N. recur'rens, spinal 
accessory nerve. N. recur'rens inframaxilla'ris, 
recurrent branch of inferior maxillary. N. recur'- 
rens inter'nus, Vidian nerve. N. recur'rens ra'mi 
pri'mi, nervus tentorii. N. recur'rens ra'mi secun'- 
di, recurrent branch of superior maxillary. N. re- 
cur'rens ra'mi ter'tii, recurrent branch of inferior 
maxillary. N. recur'rens supramaxilla'ris, recur- 
rent branch of superior maxillary. N. respirato'- 
rius inter'nus, phrenic nerve. N. saccula'ris ma'- 
jor, branch from vestigial nerve to the saccule. N. 
saccula'ris mi'nor, branch from cochlear nerve to 
saccule. N. saphe'nus bre'vis or infe'rior, external 
saphenous nerve. N. saphe'nus ma'jor, internal 
saphenous nerve. N. saphe'nus mi'nor, internal 
cutaneous nerve of thigh ; external saphenous nerve. 
N. saphe'nus perone'us, communicans peronei. N. 
saphe'nus supe'rior, internal cutaneous nerve of 
thigh. N. scapula'ris or supe'rior, suprascapular 
nerve. N. scrota'lis infe'rior, inferior pudendal 
nerve. N. scrota'lis poste'rior, superficial internal 
perineal nerve. N. sep'ti na'rium, nasopalatine 
nerve. N. sinua'lis, nervus tentorii. N. spermat'- 
icus, see Genitocrural nerve. N. spermat'icus com- 
mu'nis, pudic nerve. N. spermat'icus exter'nus, 
genital branch of genitocrural nerve. N. spheno- 
ethmoida'lis, ethmoidal nerve, posterior. N. spino'- 
sus, recurrent branch of inferior maxillary. N. 
splanch'nicus i'mus, smallest splanchnic nerve. N. 
splanch'nicus infe'rior, or me'dius, or secun'dus, 
small splanchnic nerve. N. splanch'nicus sup'erior, 
great splanchnic nerve. N. splanch'nicus supre'- 
mus, great splanchnic nerve. N. splanch'nicus ter'- 
tius, smallest splanchnic nerve. N. stape'dii, branch 
from facial to stapedius muscle. N. styloi'deus, 
branch of facial which divides into stylohyoid, di- 
gastric, and communicating nerves. N. subcuta'neus 
col'li, cervical nerve, superficial. N. subcuta'neus 
col'li facia'lis, superior superficial cervical nerve. 
N. subcuta'neus col'li infe'rior, inferior branch of 
superficial cervical nerve. N. subcuta'neus col'li 
me'dius or supe'rior, superior superficial cervical 
nerve. N. subcuta'neus ma'lse, orbital nerve. N. 
subcuta'neus mandib'ulse, branch of facial running 
along border of lower jaw. N. subcuta'neus maxil'- 
Ise inferio'ris, nervus subcutaneus mandibulie. N. 
sublingualis, sublingual nerve. N. superficia'lis 
col'li, cervical nerve, superficial. N. superficia'lis 
scap'ulae, one of the supra-acromial nerves. N. su- 
pramaxilla'ris, superior maxillary nerve. N. sura'- 
lis or mag'nus, external saphenous nerve. N. sym- 
pathet'icus mag'nus, trisplanchnic nerve. N. sym- 
pathet'icus me'dius, trigemini; pneumogastric nerve. 
N. sympathet'icus mi'nor, facial nerve. N. sym- 
path'icus, trisplanchnic nerve. N. sympath'icus 
me'dius, trigemini. N. tempora'lis cuta'neus or 
superficia'lis, auriculotemporal nerve. N. temporo- 
facia'lis, temporofacial nerve. N. tenso'ris tym'- 
pani, formed by branch from internal pterygoid 
nerve and one from otic ganglion; supplies tensor 
tympani muscle. N. tenso'ris ve'li palati'ni, formed 
by branch from internal pterygoid nerve and one 
from otic ganglion; supplies tensor palati muscle. N. 
tento'rii, recurrent branch from ophthalmic nerve, 
supplying tentorium. N. thoracicobrachia'lis, inter- 
costohumeral nerve. N. thoracicodorsa'lis, nervus 
dorsalis scapulae. N. thorac'icus ante'rior or ma'jor, 
external anterior thoracic nerve; see Thoracic nerves. 
N. thorac'icus ante'rior mi'nor, internal anterior 
thoracic nerve. N. thorac'icus ante'rior pri'mus or 
748 
i NEURAL 
exter'nus, external anterior thoracic nerve; see 
Thoracic nerves. N. thorac'icus inter'nus, internal 
anterior thoracic nerve. N. thorac'icus poste'rior, 
see Thoracic nerve, posterior. N. thorac'icus secun'- 
dus, internal anterior thoracic nerve. N. thyro- 
hyoi'deus, thyrohyoid nerve. N. tihia'lis, internal 
popliteal nerve. N. tihia'lis anti'cus, tibial nerve, 
anterior. N. tihia'lis exter'nus, calcaneoplantar 
cutaneous nerve. N. tim'idus, motor oculi externus. 
N. tremel'lus, trigemini. N. trigem'inus, see Tri- 
gemini. N. triradia'tus, fourth lumbar nerve. N. 
trisplanch'nicus, trisplanchnic nerve. N. troch- 
lea'ris, pathetic nerve. N. tu'bae Eustachian'ae, 
branch from tympanic plexus to mucous lining of 
Eustachian tube. N. tym'pani, Jacobson's nerve; 
branch from facial, or from one of the branches sup- 
plying external auditory meatus, which is distributed 
to the membrana tympani. N. tympan'ico-lingua'- 
lis, chorda tympani nerve. N. tympan'icus supe'- 
rior, tympanic nerve. N. ulna'ris dorsa'lis, dorsal 
branch of ulnar nerve. N. ulna'ris vola'ris, ulnar 
nerve before it divides into deep and superficial pal- 
mar branches. N. ulna'ris vola'ris profun'dus, 
branch of ulnar nerve distributed to deep muscles 
of the palm. N. va'gus, pneumogastric nerve. N. 
va'gus cum accesso'rio, spinal nerve. N. vasomo- 
to'rius, trisplanchnic nerve. N. voca'lis, pneumo- 
gastric nerve. N. zygomat'icus, orbital nerve. 
Nes. Nasus. 
Nesis, na'sis. Suture. 
Nes'pite. Melissa calamintha. 
Ness'ler's rea'gent. Very delicate test for ammo- 
nia. It consists of an alkaline solution of potassium 
iodide and mercuric chloride. If ammonia is present 
even in only a very small quantity in water, a slight 
reddish-yellow tinge ensues upon addition of the test. 
Nest, ed'ible. Nest of some birds regarded by the 
Chinese as a delicacy. 
Nestia, nes-te'ah. Fasting; jejunum. 
Nestiatria, nes-te-at-re'ah (nestis, iatreia, medical 
treatment). Hunger-cure; cure by fasting. 
Nes'tis (a faster). Jejunum. 
Nestitherapeia (nes-te-ther-ap-e'ah) or Nestother- 
apeia, nes-to-ther-ap-e'ah (nestis, fasting, therapeia, 
treatment). Hunger-cure; cure by fasting. 
Nestoposia, nest-o-po'ze-ah (nestis, fasting, posis, 
drinking). The act of drinking on an empty stomach. 
Nest'root. Monotropa uniflora. 
Net'leaf. Goody era pubescens. 
Netraneurysma, net-ran-u-riz'mah (netron, spindle, 
aneurusma). Aneurism of the first form in variety. 
Net'ting. Urine. 
Nettle (net"l), archan'gel, white. Lamium album. 
N., day, Lamium album. N., dead, Lamium album, 
L. amplexicaule. N., dwarf, Urtica urens. N., 
hedge, galeopsis. N., horse, Solanum Carolinense. 
N., lich'en, see Lichen. N., pill'-bearing, Urticaria 
pilulifera. N., sting'ing, common, urtica. N. tree, 
Celtis occidentalis. 
Nettlerash, net"l-rash. Urticaria. 
Net'wort. Goodyera pubescens. 
Neubauer's test. Test for sugar. Solution of 
indigo-carmine alkalized by sodium carbonate. If a 
drop of saccharine urine is added to a hot solution, 
the color changes to purple, red, and pale yellow. 
Neu'ber's tubes. Drainage-tubes of bone. 
Neurad, nu'rad. Toward the cerebro-spinal axis. 
Neuradynamia, nu-rad-in-am'e-ah (neuron, dunamis, 
power). Neurasthenia. 
Neursemia, nu-re'me-ah (neuron, nerve, haima, 
blood). See Nervous diseases. 
Neursemic, nu-re'mik. See Nervous diseases. 
Neural, nu'ral (neuron). Eelating to a nerve or to 
the nervous system or centres. N. a'lse, see Neural 
arch. N. arch, formed by the posterior projections 
connected with the body of the vertebra, which pro- 
tect the medulla. Each arch, with the pedicle-neural 
pedicle-and body, forms a segment of the neural tube. 
The alse of the arches are the neural alee. N. ax'is, 
spinal cord; see Encephalon. N. canal', spinal canal. 
N. cav'ity, one of the two great cavities which may NEURALGIA 
be said to be enclosed in the arrangement of the seg- 
ments of the skeleton, including the cranium and the 
vertebral canal. N. crest, projection of ectodermal 
cells on superior margin of the medullary groove, 
from which the dorsal nerves in embryo originate. 
N. fora'men, foramen vertebrate. N. ped'icle, see 
Neural arch. N. sep'tum, row of processes of deep 
fascia existing on median line posteriorly. N. spines, 
spinous processes. N. tube, tube formed by closure 
of the medullary groove of the epiblast; see Neural 
arch. 
Neuralgia, nu-ral'je-ah (neuron, algos, pain). Ner- 
vous pain or pang, Spasmodic tic. Generic name for a 
number of diseases, the chief symptom of which is a 
very acute pain, exacerbating or intermitting, which 
follows the course of a nervous branch, extends to 
its ramifications, and seems, therefore, to be seated in 
the nerve. The principal neuralgia} have been dis- 
tinguished by the names facial (of which the infra- 
orbitar, maxillary, and frontal are but divisions), the 
ilioscrotal, intercostal, femoropopliteal, femoropretibial, 
plantar, and cubitodigital. A division of anomalous 
neuralgia} has likewise been admitted. N., anom/- 
alous, neuroses, some of which are characterized by 
acute pains circumscribed within a short compass or 
extending by irradiations, but not having their seat 
in the course of a'nerve, and others which are occa- 
sioned by tumors in the course of a nerve or which 
succeed contusions or incomplete divisions of nerves. 
N., artic'ular, arthralgia. N. brachia'lis, brachi- 
algia. N. brachiothorac'ica, angina pectoris. N. 
cardi'aca, angina pectoris. N. cerebra'lis, hemi- 
crania. N. cceli'aca, neuralgia of the solar plexus. 
N. cor'dis, angina pectoris. N. crura'lis, N. femoro- 
tibialis. N. cubitodigitaTis. In this variety the 
pain extends from the part where the nerve passes 
under the inner condyle to the back of the hand 
and to its cubital edge. N. denta'lis, odontalgia 
nervosa. N., epilep'tiform, variety of neuralgia cha- 
racterized by very sudden and exceedingly painful 
attacks of pain following course of fifth nerve. N., 
fa'cial, Tic douloureux, Face-ague, Fothergill's face-ache, 
is characterized by acute lancinating pains, return- 
ing at intervals, and by twinges in certain parts 
of the face, producing twitches in the corresponding 
muscles; it may be seated in the frontal nerve, in the 
infraorbitar, or in the maxillary branch of the fifth 
pair. Metopodynia, Brow-ague, Brow-pang, Tic doulour- 
eux, commences at the superciliary foramen and ex- 
tends along the ramifications of the frontal nerve 
that are distributed on the forehead, upper eyelid, 
caruncula lacrymalis, and nasal angle of the eyelids. 
N. infra-orbitaria, Infra-orbitar neuralgia, Tic dou- 
loureux, is chiefly felt in the infra-orbital foramen, 
whence it passes to the cheeks, upper lip, ala nasi, lower 
eyelid, etc. In N. maxillaris, Tic douloureux, the pain 
usually sets out from the mental foramen and passes 
to the chin, lips, temple, teeth, and tongue. N., false, 
term assigned to pains along a nerve or its ramifica- 
tions produced by some body compressing it-those 
pains terminating with the removal of the compressing 
cause. N. femoropoplitae'a, Hip-gout, pain follow- 
ing the great sciatic nerve from the ischiatic notch to 
the ham, and along the peroneal surface of the leg to 
the sole of the foot. Often considered to be a form of 
rheumatism, Rheumatism of the hip. N. femoroprse- 
tibia'lis, Crural. neuralgia ; the pain, setting out from 
the groin, spreads along the fore part of the thigh, 
and passes down, chiefly on the inner side of the leg, 
to the inner ankle and back of the foot. N. fronta'- 
lis, see TV., facial. N., gen'eral, form of neuralgia in 
which pain is experienced in various parts of the 
body. N. of the heart, angina pectoris. N. hepat'- 
Ica, hepatalgia. N., hyster'ical, neuralgia coexist- 
ing with hysteria. N., ilioscro'tal, is rare; charac- 
terized by a very acute pain in the course of the 
branches of the first lumbar pair; pain follows the 
crista ilia and accompanies the spermatic vessels to 
the testicle, which is often painfully retracted. N., 
infra-or'bitar, see N., facial. N. ischiad'ica, N., 
femoropopliteal. N., lead, N. caused by poisonous 
749 
I NEURINE 
effects of lead; see Lead rheumatism. N. lie'nis, 
splenalgia. N. mam'mse, Irritable breast; exceed- 
ingly painful affection of the female mamma, unac- 
companied by inflammation. N. maxilla'ris, see N., 
facial. N. planta'ris, erythomelalgia; neuritis of 
the plantar nerves; a rare disease, in which pain is 
confined chiefly to the course of the plantar nerves, 
and is usually met with in the male. N. re'num, 
nephralgia. N. spina'lis, spinal irritation. N. tes'- 
tis, orchidalgia. N. tympan'ica, otalgia caused by 
an inflamed condition of the tympanic plexus. N. 
u'teri, hysteralgia. N. ventric'uli, cardialgia. 
Neuralgic, nu-ral'jik. Pertaining to neuralgia. 
Neuralward, nu'ral-ward. Neurad. 
Neuranagenesis (nu-ran-ah-jen-e'sis) or Neurana- 
gene'ma (neuron, anagennao, to regenerate). Regen- 
eration or renewal of a nerve. 
Neuranaphysis, nu-ran-af'is-is (neuron, ana, again, 
phuo, to grow). Neuranagenesis. 
Neurapophysis, nu-rap-of'is-is. See Vertebrae. N., 
gas'tric, dyspepsia, nervous. N. ret'inse, asthenopia. 
Neurarteria, nu-rar-te're-ah (neuron, nerve, arteria, 
artery). Close connection existing between small 
nerves and small arteries. 
Neurasthenia, nu-ras-then-e'ah (vulg. nu-ras-the'- 
ne-ah) (neuron, astheneia, debility). Debility or im- 
paired activity of the nerves or of the nervous sys- 
tem generally; nervous exhaustion. N. gas'trica, 
weak digestive action from nervous debility or ex- 
haustion. 
Neuratrophia, nu-rat-rof'e-ah (neuron, nerve, 
atrophia, wasting). Atrophy of nerves. 
Neuratrophic, nu-rat-rof'ik. Relating to imperfect 
supply of nerve-food. 
Neuraxis, nu-raks'is. See Axis, cerebro-spinal. 
Neurec'tasis. Neurectasy. 
Neurectasy, nu-rek'ta-se (neuron, nerve, ekteino, to 
stretch). Nerve-stretching. 
Neurectomy, nu-rek'to-me (neuron, ektome, excision). 
Excision of a nerve, in whole or in part. N., op'tico- 
cil'iary, operation consisting of exsection of ciliary 
part of nerves and optic nerves. 
Neurectopia, nu-rek-to'pe-ah (neuron, ektopos, out of 
place). Condition in which displacement of a nerve 
exists. 
Neurempodism, nu-rem'pod-izm. Condition in 
which hindrance to nervous action exists. 
Neurenteric (nu-ren-ter'ik) canal' (neuron, enteron, 
intestine). Temporary passageway existing between 
neural and enteric tubes in the embryo. 
Neuria, nu're-ah. Delicate nervous tissue. 
Neuriasis, nu-re'as-is. Condition in which hysteria 
and hypochondriasis coexist. 
Neuriatria, nu-re-at-re'ah (neuron, nerve, iatriea, 
treatment). Neurotherapeutics. 
Neuric, nu'rik (neuron). Nervous. 
Neuricity, nu-ris'it-e. Nerve-force. 
Neuridlne, nu'rid-een. C5H14N2. Ptomaine pro- 
duced in the putrefaction of albuminous substances, 
as horse-flesh, beef, human muscle, cheese, etc.; non- 
poisonous. It is usually associated with choline; it is 
isomeric with cadaverine. See Ptomaines (table). 
Neurilemma, nu-ril-em'mah (neuron, lemma, coat). 
Fine, transparent, and apparently fibrous membrane 
surrounding the nerves, consisting of connective tis- 
sue having a distinctly lamellar arrangement. The 
pia mater of the spinal cord forms its neurilemma. 
Neurilemmatitis (nu-re-lem-mat-e'tis) or Neurilem- 
mitls, nu-re-lem-me'tis (neurilemma, itis). Inflamma- 
tion of the neurilemma. 
Neurillty, nu-ril'it-e (neuron). Property possessed 
by nerve-fibre of exciting contraction in a muscle, 
secretion in a gland, and sensation in a ganglionic 
centre. 
Neurilyma, nu-re-le'mah (neuron, eiluma, covering). 
Neurilemma. 
Neurine, nu'reen (neuron). Substance of which the 
nervous system is composed. It consists chiefly of 
albumen and a peculiar fatty matter, associated with 
phosphorus. There are two kinds of neurine ---the 
one vesicular, or consisting essentially of nerve-vesicles NEURIORRHABDIA 
or nerve-cells or corpuscles, or, as they are sometimes 
called from their prevailing in the ganglia, ganglion 
corpuscles and ganglion globules; the other, tubular, 
formed-as the word imports-of tubules. The 
former is the cineritious or cortical nervous matter of 
older anatomists; the latter, the white or medullary. 
The vesicular neurine has appeared to be restricted to 
the production and distribution of nerve-power; the 
tubular, to its conduction. Most of the nerve-cells are 
furnished with one process, hence termed unipolar; 
others have two processes-bipolar; and others again 
have several-multipolar ; while others are devoid of 
processes-apolar. 
Also a poisonous ptomaine, C5H13NO, of the cho- 
line group, found in decomposing cadavers, brain- 
matter, horse-flesh, etc.; as a poison it resembles mus- 
carine ; atropine is a direct antagonist to it. See Pto- 
maines (table). 
Neuriorrhabdia, nu-re-or-rhab'de-ah (pl. of Neuri- 
orrhabdeum) {neuron, little nerve, rhabdion, little 
rod). Corpora virgseformia retinae; rod-like bodies 
of the retina. 
Neurischias, nu-ris'ke-as. Neuralgia femoropop- 
litaea. 
Neurism, nu'rizm. Nervosism. 
Neuristos, nu-rist'os. Nervous tissue. 
Neuritic, nu-rit'ik. Relating to neuritis; nervine. 
Neuritis, nu-re'tis (neuron, itis). Inflammation of 
a nerve. N., alcohol'ic, neuritis due to excess in 
alcoholic drinks. N., can'cerous, neuritis due to 
nerve being affected by cancer. N., multiple, see 
Multiple. N., op'tic, neuroretinitis. N., op'tic, as- 
cend'ing, see Neuroretinitis. N., optic, descending, 
see Neuroretinitis. N., peripheral, inflammation of 
terminal extremities of nerves on the surface of the 
body. N., re'tro-oc'ular, see Neuroretinitis. 
Neuro-anatomy, nu'ro-an-at'om-e. Anatomy relat- 
ing to the nervous system. 
Neuroblacia, nu-ro-blah'se-ah (neuron, blakeia, 
stupor). Insensibility of the nerves. 
Neuroblasts, nu'ro-blasts. Component elements 
of nervous system. 
Neurocanal, nu-ro-kan-al'. Myelocoele. 
Neurocele, nu-ro-se'le (Eng. nu'ro-seel) (neuron, 
nerve, koile, cavity). Cavity in which the central 
nervous system is contained. 
• Neurochondrodes, nu-ro-kon-dro'dees (neuron, chon- 
dros, a cartilage, odes). Hard substance between a 
sinew and cartilage. 
Neurochondrous (nu-ro-kon'drus) or Neurochon'- 
droid. Fibro-cartilaginous. 
Neurocyte, nu'ro-site (neuron, kutos, cell). Nerve- 
cell. 
Neurodealgia, nu-ro-de-al'je-ah (neurodes, tunica, 
retina, algos, pain). Pains occurring in the retina. 
Neurodeatrophy, nu-ro-de-at'ro-fe (neurodes, tunica, 
retina, atrophy). Atrophy of the retina. 
Neurodermatosis, nu-ro-durm-at-o'sis. Cutaneous 
neurosis. 
Neurodermatrophia, nu-ro-durm-at-ro'fe-ah. Con- 
dition due to perverted innervation, in which the 
skin is thin in spots, generally very white, and 
atrophy and anaesthesia are present. 
Neurodes, nu-ro'dees (neuron, odes). Nervous. 
Neurodiastasis, nu-ro-de-ast'as-is. Stretching of a 
nerve. 
Neurodictyitis, nu-ro-dik-te-e'tis. Neuroretinitis. 
Neurodynamia, nu-ro-din-am'e-ah (neuron, dunamis, 
power). Nervous power. 
Neurodynamis, nu-ro-din'am-is. Nervous power. 
Neurodynia, nu-ro-din'e-ah (neuron, odune, pain). 
Neuralgia. 
Neurodysentery, nu-ro-dis'en-ter-e. Dysentery, 
typhoid. 
Neu'ro-epithe'lium. Layer of rods and cones in 
the retina. 
Neurofibroma, nu-ro-fib-ro'mah. Condition in 
which nerve-tissue is in a hyperplastic stage, but the 
nerve-fibres are not increased. 
Neurofrontal, nu-ro-frun'tal. Relating to brain 
and frontal bone. 
750 
NEUROMETRJE 
Neurogamia, nu-ro-gam'e-ah {neuron, gamos, mar- 
riage). Magnetism, animal. 
Neurogangliitis, nu-ro-gan-gle-e'tis {neuron, nerve, 
ganglion, tumor). Inflammation of a nervous gan- 
glion. 
Neurogeny, nu-roj'en-e {neuron, genesis, production). 
Production of nerves. 
Neuroglia, nu-rog'le-ah {neuron, glia, glue). Peri- 
neurium of the brain. Term proposed by Virchow for 
a delicate stroma of retiform tissue in the brain and 
spinal cord, constituting an investing and supporting 
framework. See Glioma. 
Neuroglioma, nu-ro-gle-o'mah. Tumor containing 
nervous and gliomatous elements. 
Neurography, nu-rog'ra-fe {neuron, graphe, descrip- 
tion). The part of anatomy describing the nerves. 
Neurohypnology, nu-ro-hip-nol'o-je {neuron, hupnos, 
sleep, logos, treatise). Magnetic sleep. See Magnetism, 
animal. 
Neurohypnotism, nu-ro-hip'no-tizm. See Magnet- 
ism, animal. 
Neurold, nu'roid {neuron, eidos, form). Resembling 
a nerve or nerve-substance. 
Neurokeratin, nu-ro-ker'at-in {neuron, nerve, kerns, 
horn). Substance entering into composition of gray 
brain-matter. 
Neurokinesis, nu-ro-kin-a'sis. Stretching of a 
nerve. 
Neurolemmatitis, nu-ro-lem-mat-e'tis. Neurilem- 
mitis. 
Neurologist, nu-rol'o-jist. One versed in neurology 
and nervous affections. 
Neurology, nu-rol'o-je {neuron, logos, discourse). 
The part of anatomy treating of the nerves. 
Neurolymph, nu'ro-limf. Cerebrospinal fluid. 
Neurolysis, nu-rol'is-is {neuron, lusis, solution). Ex- 
hausted condition of a nerve, due to excessive stimu- 
lation. 
Neuroma, nu-ro'mah {neuron). Nerve-tumor; 
morbid enlargement of a nerve. Applied to sub- 
cutaneous, circumscribed, and highly painful tumors 
formed on the tissue of the nerves; and likewise to 
a small, hard, grayish tumor, Neuromation, Nervous 
ganglion, Painful tubercle, Tubercula dolorosa, the size of 
a pea, observed in the course of nerves and formed 
from the neurilemma. As a general rule, a neuroma 
is a small fibrous tumor embedded in the nerve or en- 
veloped in the neurilemma; growth of nerve-fibres 
mixed with connective-tissue formation; true neu- 
roma. When the end of a divided nerve becomes 
enlarged from fibrinous effusion, and consequently 
bulbous, a traumatic neuroma is formed. Such a neu- 
roma-amputation neuroma, as it is then called-may 
occur after amputation. N., amputa'tion, see Neu- 
roma. N. amyelin'icum, in this form of neuroma 
the fibres are non-medullated. N. cu'tis, cutaneous 
tumor of connective tissue originating from the neu- 
rilemma. N. cys'ticum, myxoma in nerves contain- 
ing cysts. N., false, form of tumor in which there 
is no formation of nerve-fibres, as fibroma, myxoma, 
glioma, sarcoma, carcinoma, etc. when occurring in 
nerves. N. myelin'icum, neuroma in which the fibres 
are medullated. N., true, see Neuroma. 
Neuromalacia (nu-ro-mal-ah'se-ah) or Neuromal- 
ax'is {neuron, malakia, softening). Softening of 
nerves. 
Neuromantia, nu-ro-man-te'ah {neuron, manteia, 
prophecy). Subcutaneous tubercle. 
Neuromation, nu-ro-mat'e-on. Neuroma. 
Neuromatoid, nu-ro'mat-oid {neuroma, eidos, re- 
semblance). Resembling neuroma, as a neuromatoid 
tumor. 
Neuro'matous. Resembling neuroma; having cha- 
racter of neuroma. 
Neuromere, nu'ro-mere. Part of cerebro-spinal axis. 
Neurometadrasis, nu-ro-met-ah-dra'sis. Magnetism, 
animal. 
Neurometastasis, nu-ro-met-ast'as-is. Metastasis to 
the nervous system. 
Neurometr® (nu-ro-me'tre) or Neuromet'ores. 
Pso®. NEUROMIMESIS 
Neuromimesis, nu-ro-mim-a'sis. Nervous affection 
in which patient simulates disease. 
Neuromus'cular, nu-ro-mus'ku-lar. Said of medi- 
cine acting simultaneously on nerves and muscles. 
Neuromyalgia, nu-ro-me-al'je-ah (neuron, nerve, 
mus, muscle, algos, pain). Rheumatism, articular. 
Neuromyelitis, nu-ro-me-el-e'tis (neuron, muelos, 
marrow, itis). Inflammation of the medullary matter 
of the nerves. 
Neuromyelous (nu-ro-mi'el-us), Neuromyelo'des, 
or Neuromyeloi'des. Resembling nerve or medullary 
tissue. 
Neuromyol'ogy. System of classifying and naming 
muscles with reference to the nerves; myology based 
upon neurology. 
Neuromyopathic, nu-ro-mi-o-path'ik. Relating to 
disease involving nerves and muscles. 
Neuromyxoma, nu-ro-miks-o'ma (neuron, nerve, 
muxa, mucus). Myxoneuroma. 
Neu'ron. See Nerve. 
Neurona'sal arch. Rhinencephalic arch. 
Neuroneoplas'ma (neuron, neos, new, plasma, forma- 
tion). See Neuroma. 
Neuronephric, nu-ro-nef'rik (neuron, nephros, kid- 
ney). Relating to the nerves and kidneys. 
Neuron'osi of the skin. Division in classification 
of skin diseases, denoting diseases of the nerves of 
the skin. 
Neuron'osos or Neuron'osus (neuron, nosos, disease). 
Disease of the nerves. 
Neuronygme (nu-ro-nig'me) or Neuronyg'mus (neu- 
ron, nugme, puncture). Puncture of a nerve. 
Neuronyx'is. Neuronygme. 
Neuro-occip'ital arch. Epencephalic arch. 
Neuroparal'ysis. Nervous shock. 
Neuroparietal, nu-ro-par-i'et-al. Relating to neu- 
ral arch and to parietal bone. N. arch, mesencephalic 
arch. 
Neu'ropath (neuron, pathos, disease). A physician 
wTho ascribes diseases, etc. to nervous influence rather 
than to the blood, etc. Also a person of nervous 
organization liable to or exhibiting nerve diseases. 
Neuropathi'a. See Neuropathic. 
Neuropath'ic (neuron, pathos, affection). Nervo- 
pathic. Belonging to disease of the nerves, neuro- 
pathia, neuronosus, neuropathy. See Neuroses. 
Neuropatholog'ical (neuron, pathos, disease, logos, 
description). Belonging or related to neuropathol- 
ogy- 
Neuropathol'ogy (same etymon). Doctrine of the 
influence of the nerves in causing diseased conditions, 
as inflammation, etc. Also pathology of the nervous 
system. 
Neurop'athy. Disease of the nervous system. N., 
cer'ebro-car'diac, nervous cardiac disease due to 
pathological condition of medulla oblongata and cor- 
tex cerebri. 
Neurophlegmone, nu-ro-fleg'mo-ne (neuron, phleg- 
mone, inflammation). Neuritis. 
Neurophlogosis, nu-ro-flog-o'sis (neuron, phlogosis, 
inflammation). Neuritis. 
Neurophonia, nu-ro-fon'e-ah. Form of hysteria in 
which patients utter sounds resembling the barking 
of dogs. 
Neurophysiol'ogy. Physiology of nervous system. 
Neuroplasia, nu-ro-plaz'e-ah (neuron, nerve, plasso, 
to mould). Neuromatous diathesis. 
Neuroplas'tice. Neuroplasty. 
Neuroplasty, nu'ro-plas-te (neuron, plastilcos, form- 
ing) . Ganglionary alteration of the peripheral nerves. 
Also plastic surgery of nerves. 
Neuroploca, nu-rop'lok-ah. Nervous ganglion. 
Neuroploconarcosis, nu-ro-plok-o-nark-o'sis. Loss 
of sensibility of nervous ganglion. 
Neu'ropore. An orifice of communication between 
the neural canal and the exterior in embryos of some 
animals. 
Neuroprosopalgia, nu-ro-pros-op-al'je-ah (neuron, 
prosopon, face, algos, pain). Trigeminal neuralgia. 
Neuropsychology, nu-ro-si-kol'o-ge. Neurology in- 
cluding psychology. 
751 
NEUROTOME 
Neuropsychopathic, nu-ro-si-ko-path'ik. Pertain- 
ing to diseases of the nervous system, including those 
parts of it subserving psychic functions. N. consti- 
tution, permanent condition of irritable weakness 
of the nerve-centres, especially the higher psychical 
ones. 
Neuropurpuric (nu-ro-pur'pu-ric) fe'ver (neuron, 
porphura, purple). Fever, purpuric malignant, cere- 
brospinal. 
Neuropyra (nu-rop'ir-ah) or Neuropyr'etus (neuron, 
pur, fire, fever). Nervous fever; typhus mitior. 
Neuropyret'ic. Pertaining to fever of nervous 
origin. 
Neuroretinitis, nu-ro-ret-in-e'tis (neuron, retina). 
Optic neuritis. Inflammation of the optic nerve and 
retina. Two forms are described: ascending, some- 
times called engorged papilla, the inflammation com- 
mencing in the papilla or optic disk, and extending 
upward along the trunk of the nerve; and descending, 
in which the inflammation commences externally and 
travels downward to the optic disk. In retro-ocular 
neuritis the structural changes do not extend to the 
papilla, and do not implicate the whole trunk of the 
optic nerve continuously. 
Neurorrhaphy, nu-ror'rhaf-e (neuron, rhaphe, su- 
ture). Suture of a nerve that has been divided. 
Neuro'sal. Of the nature of or pertaining to a 
neurosis; originating in the nervous system. 
Neurosclerosis, nu-ro-skler-o'sis (neuron, skier os, 
hard). Sclerosis affecting the tissue of nerves. 
Neuroses, nu-ro'sees (pl. of Neurosis). Diseases 
of the nervous system. See Neurosis. 
Neuro'sis (neuron, osis). Generic name for diseases 
of the nervous system, indicated by disordered sensa- 
tion, volition, or mental manifestation, without any 
evident lesion in the structure of the parts, and with- 
out any material agent producing them. N., alco- 
hol'ic, neurosis caused by over-indulgence in alcohol. 
N., epilep'tic, neurosis caused by epilepsy. N., re'- 
flex, a functional disease originating in a part or 
organ distinct from that to which it is referred ; may 
result in organic lesions. N., restraint', see Inhibi- 
tory. N. traumat'ica, railway spine. N., vas'cular, 
angeioneurosis. 
Neuroskel'eton. See Skeleton. 
Neurospas'mi. See Spasm. 
Neurospongium, nu-ro-spon'je-um. Inner granular 
layer of retina. 
Neurostear'ic ac'id. A glycero-phosphoric acid 
in which the H of the alcoholic hydroxyl is replaced 
by a radical of stearic acid, and one atom of phos- 
phoric acid by the base, neurine. N. e'ther, derived 
from phrenosin by action of sulphuric acid and al- 
cohol. 
Neurostheni'a (vulg. nu-ros-the'ne-ah) (neuron, sthe- 
neia, strength). Excess of nervous irritation; ner- 
vous irritability. 
Neurostremma, nu-ro-strem'ma (stremma, twist). 
Nerve-ganglion. 
Neurotabes, nu-rot-ab'ees. Condition in which the 
sensory and motor apparatus are affected, caused by 
inflammation of the periphery of the nerves. 
Neurothe'le (neuron, thele, nipple). Nervous pa- 
pilla. 
Neurotheleitis, nu-ro-thel-e-e'tis. Inflammation of 
nerve-papilla. 
Neurothe'lic apparatus. Corpus papillare. 
Neurothelion, nu-ro-the'le-on. Small nerve-papilla. 
Neurotherapeu'tics or Neurotherapy, nu-ro-ther'- 
a-pe. Therapeutics of nervous diseases. 
Neurothlipsis, nu-ro-thlip'sis (thlipsis, irritation). 
Irritation of a nerve. 
Neurot'ic. Eelating to neurosis; nervine. See 
Neurotics. 
Neurot'ica. Diseases of the nervous function. 
Neurot'ics. Eemedies, drugs, or poisons especially 
affecting the nervous system. Three classes-Cerebral 
neurotics, as morphia; Spinal neurotics, as strychnia; 
and Cerebrospinal neurotics, as conia and aconitia are 
described. . 
Neu'rotome (neuro, tome, dissection). An instru- NEUROTOMICAL 
ment used by anatomists to dissect the nerves; a long, 
very narrow scalpel, having two edges. Also applied 
by Goodsir to the section of the skeleton embraced 
in the nervous system. 
Neurotom'ical. Pertaining to neurotomy. 
Neurot'omy {neuron, tome, incision). Dissection of 
nerves. An incised wound and section of a nerve. 
Neuroton'ic. Medicine employed to strengthen 
the nervous system. 
Neurotraumat'ic {neuron, trauma, wound). Relat- 
ing to or connected with injuries of nerves, as neuro- 
traumatic eruptions. 
Neu'rotripsy {tribo, to crush). Nerve-crushing. 
Neurotroma, nu-ro-tro'mah. Neurotrauma. Nerve 
wound. 
Neurotrophasthenia, nu-ro-trof-as-then-e'ah {neu- 
ron, trophe, nourishment, astheneia, loss of strength). 
Malnutrition of the nervous system. 
Neurotrophic, nu-ro-trof'ik. Relating to nutrition 
of the nervous system. Pertaining to or dependent 
upon trophic influence coming through the nerves. 
Neurotro'sls {neuron, trosis, wounding). Wound or 
wounding of a nerve. 
Neurotros'mus. Neurotrosis. 
Neurotrotous, nu-ro-trot'us. Suffering from neuro- 
trosis. 
Neurovarico'sis. Formation of varicose swellings 
on nerve-fibres. It is termed filovaricosis when af- 
fecting the axis-cylinder only; myelovaricosis when 
affecting the myelin sheath. 
Neu'rymen {neuron, humen, membrane). Neuri- 
lemma. 
Neurymenitis, nu-ri-men-e'tis. Neurilemmitis. 
Neurypnol'ogist, Neurypnol'ogy. See Neurohyp- 
nologist, Neurohypnology. 
Neu'ta or Neuth'a. A membrane, according to 
Paracelsus, covering the eyes and ears of the foetus 
in utero. 
Neuter, nu'ter. Hermaphrodite. 
Neu'tral (neater, neither). Belonging to neither in 
particular. N. mix'ture, liquor potassii citratis. N. 
salts, Secondary salts ; salts composed of two primitive 
saline substances combined together, and not possess- 
ing the characters of acid or of base. 
Neutraline, nu'tral-een. A commercial form of 
petroleum. 
Neutralization. The rendering inactive of pecu- 
liar properties; complete counteraction of the effect 
of morbid agents. 
Neutrophile, nu'tro-file. Readily stained by neu- 
tral reagents. 
Nevus. Ntevus. 
Newbould'ia lse'ris. Tree, native of Africa, pos- 
sessing astringent, tonic, and oxytocic properties. 
New-forma'tion. Neoplasm. 
New Grana'da bark. Variety of cinchona. 
New Jer'sey tea. Red root; small indigenous shrub, 
ord. Rhamnacese, found in most parts of U. S. Root 
astringent, imparts red color to water. During the 
Revolutionary War the leaves were used as a substi- 
tute for tea. Infusion of dried leaves and seeds has 
been recommended in aphthous stomatitis and scar- 
latinous angina. 
New Zealand flax. Phormium tenax; used in place 
of sarsaparilla. 
Nex'us nervo'rum optico'rum. Chiasm. N. sta- 
min'eus oc'uli (stamineous connection of the eye), 
ciliary body. 
Ngai cam'phor. CioHisO. Variety obtained in China 
and Burmah by distillation of Blumea balsamifera; 
same composition as Sumatran. 
Ngerengere. Lepra gangrsenosa. Singular disease 
in New Zealand, a variety of such diseases as ele- 
phantiasis Graecorum, lepra of the Cossacks, etc. 
Similar affection in Jamaica is called Cacubay. 
Nican'dra anom'ala (after Nicander, a physician of 
Colophon). Anisodus luridus. N. physaloi'des, Peru- 
vian apple, naturalized in IT. S.; berries are diuretic. 
Nicaragua wood. See Csesdlpinia. 
Nic'colate. Compound of niccolic oxide, which is 
basic or acid. 
752 
NICOTIN 
Nic'coli sa'les. Salts of nickel. These salts are gentle 
tonics, and have been given with advantage in peri- 
odic headache and neuralgia, chlorosis and amenor- 
rhcea. Dose of the sulphate, Niccoli sulphas, is gr. ss 
or gr. j three times a day. The other salts are N. 
ac'etate, N. bro'mide, NiBr?; green odorless crystals 
of acrid, burning taste, sparingly soluble in water, 
alcohol, or ether ; obtained by action of bromine upon 
heated metallic nickel; used in epilepsy, melancholia, 
and hysteria. N. chlo'ride, NiCh ; yellow crystalline 
unctuous salt, formed by heating nickel in a current 
of dry chlorine; hydrated salt green and very deli- 
quescent ; recommended as a tonic in anaemia. N. ben- 
zoate, N. carbonate, N. citrate, N. cyanide, N. hydroxide, 
-hydrated oxydulate-N. iodide, N. nitrate, N. oxalate, 
N. oxide, black (sesquioxide), green, N. protoxide, nic- 
colous hydroxide, N. phosphate, N. tartrate, have also 
been used. N. sul'phate, NiSO-uHiO; green crystal- 
line, efflorescent; sweet, styptic taste ; readily soluble 
in water, insoluble in alcohol; prepared by dissolving 
the carbonate in dilute sulphuric acid, concentrating, 
and crystallizing ; recommended by Simpson (1852) 
as a tonic and antiperiodic. 
Niccolicus, nik-kol'ik-us. Niccolic; belonging to 
nickel. 
Nic'colite. A mineral compound of arsenic and 
nickel, containing 44 per cent, of latter. 
Nic'colum. Nickel. 
Nick'ar tree. Gymnoclaudus Canadensis. 
Nick'el (from [G.] nickel, prostitute). A term of 
detraction applied by the old German writers to what 
was regarded as a kind of false copper ore. A white 
malleable metal, s. g. 8.8; less oxidizable than iron. 
Several preparations of nickel have been employed 
medicinally; see Niccoli sales. N. and ammo'nium 
chloride, citrate, nitrate, and sulphate have been em- 
ployed, as has also nickel and potassium sulphate. 
N. carb'onyl, volatile liquid obtained by passing a 
stream of carbonic oxide over finely-divided nickel; 
but not of therapeutic value at present, as its vapor 
causes intense headache. N., salts of, niccoli sales. 
Nick'er-seed oil. Derived from bonduc seed; used 
as embrocation. 
Nick'ing. Myotomy of caudal depressor muscles 
in horses. 
Nicol's prism. Prism of Iceland spar, used for 
polarizing light. 
Nicolum, nik'ol-um. Nickel. 
Nico'tia. See Nicotiana tabacum. 
Nicotia'na (after Jean Nicot, who first introduced 
it into Europe about 1560). N. tabacum. N. a'qua, 
preparation of tobacco made by adding alcohol and 
water to the cut fresh green leaves, and distilling. 
Said to be sedative and diaphoretic without possess- 
ing the dangerous qualities of other preparations of 
tobacco. N. Mexica'na, N. mi'nor, N. pilo'ra, N. 
pusilTa, N. rus'tica, or N. trigonophylTa, English or 
Wild tobacco ; leaves possess the properties of tobacco, 
but are milder. N. tab'acum, Tabacum (Ph. IL S), 
Tabaci folia (Ph. B.), Tobacco, Virginia tobacco, Drunk- 
wort. Tobacco is a violent acronarcotic, its properties 
seeming to depend upon a peculiar principle, Nicotin, 
Nicotia, Nicotina, Nicotylia, or Nicotiania. It is nar- 
cotic, sedative, diuretic, emetic, cathartic, and errhine. 
In incarcerated hernia it is injected in the form of 
smoke or infusion, but requires great caution. Ex- 
tensively and habitually used as an errhine and 
sialagogue. Infusion is used to kill vermin and in 
some cutaneous eruptions. The crude oil, Nicotignin, 
is supposed to be the juice of "the cursed hebenon" 
described by Shakespeare as "the lep'rous distil- 
ment" poured into the ear of Hamlet's father. 
Nicotianin, nik-o-she-an'in. Tobacco camphor; 
white, neutral, crystalline compound which sepa- 
rates from aqueous distillate of tobacco. 
Nicotianismus, nik-o-she-an-iz'mus. Nicotinism. 
Nicotianomania, nik-o-she-an-o-man'e-ah. Inordi- 
nate craving for tobacco. 
Nicotianus, nik-o-she-an'us. Relating to tobacco, 
or due to effect of tobacco. 
Nicotin or Nicotine, nik'o-teen. An active, color- 753 
NITEDULA 
Ni'grism. Nigrismus; melanopathia. 
Nigris'mus. Nigrism. Pigment accumulation; 
chloasma ; melanoderma; the reverse of albinismus; 
see Melanopathy. 
Nig'rita. Negro. 
Nigrit'ies (blackness). Melanopathy. N. cu'tis, 
see Melanopathy. N. os'sium, caries. 
Ni'gritism. ' Melanopathia. 
Nigritu'do (blackness). Melanosis. N. pulmo'- 
num, melanosis pulmonum. 
Nigritus, nig-re'tus. Partially black. 
Nigromantia, nig-ro-man'she-ah (niger, black, man- 
teia, divination). Necromancy. 
Ni'gror (blackness). Melasma. 
Nigrosin, nig'ro-sin. Bengalin, Indulin, Anilin 
blue-black, Blackless blue, Artificial indigo. A peculiar 
stain, never affecting nuclei. See Nigranilin. 
Ni'grum oc'uli (black of eye). Pupil. 
Nigua. Chigue or chigoe. 
Ni'hil al'bum. Zinci oxidum. N. gris'enm, zinci 
oxidum. 
Nihilis'mus (nihil, nothing). See Expectation. 
Nilgue. Plant found in Chile, employed as a febri- 
fuge. 
Nili'acum (Nilus, Nile). Mel. 
Nim bark. Bark of Azadirachta Indica (P. Ind.); 
astringent, tonic, antiperiodic. N. leaves, stimu- 
lant, used locally in ulcers and obstinate skin dis- 
eases. 
Nl'ma quassioi'des. Simaba quassio'ides, a native 
of Nepal and the Himalaya mountains ; as bitter as 
quassia and used like it. 
Nind'sin, Nin'si, or Nin'zin. Sium ninsi. 
Nine'bark. Spiraea opulifolia; astringent, tonic, 
vulnerary. 
Nine-day fits. Trismus nascentium. 
Nin'sing. Panax quinquefolium. 
Ninth nerve. Hypoglossal of Willis, glossopharyn- 
geal of Sbmmering and majority of anatomists. 
Nio'po tree. Piptadenia peregrina of tropical Amer- 
ica. The natives prepare an intoxicating snuff from 
the seeds. 
Nio'ta bark. Bark of Samadera Indica. 
Niphablepsia, nif-ah-blep'se-ah (niphas, snow, ablep- 
sia, blindness). Snow-blindness. As a preventive 
Esquimaux wear goggles, " snow-eyes." 
Niphotyphlosis, nif-o-tif-lo'sis {tuphloo, to make 
blind). Production of niphablepsia. 
Nip'pers, bone. Nippers used for removing par- 
ticles of bone. 
Nip'ple. Teat, Tit, Tete, Dug, Pap. The conical 
tubercle situate at the centre of the breast. Toward 
the central part of each breast the skin changes color 
and assumes a rosy tint in young females, or a red- 
dish-brown in those who have suckled several chil- 
dren. The circle is called the Areola or Aureola of the 
nipple. It is capable of erection on being excited, 
and is rudimentary in males. N., artific'ial, an 
arrangement of rubber or ivory to place over the 
nipple when the infant sucks, soon after delivery, 
or when the nipple is in a morbid condition. N., 
cracked, fissure of the nipple. N. line, reference 
line drawn vertically through the nipple; used in 
physical diagnosis. 
Nip'plewort. Lapsana, plant used for sore nipples. 
Nirles. Herpes phlyctsenodes. 
Nirlus, nirl'us. Papular eruption sometimes fol- 
lowing measles or scarlet fever. 
Nirmallees. Strychnos potatorum. 
Nirmillies. Strychnos potatorum. 
Ni'sus (nit or, to endeavor). Straining. A volun- 
tary retention of the breath so as to force down the 
diaphragm, the abdominal muscles being at the same 
time contracted forcibly. In this manner the con- 
tents of the abdomen are compressed, and the evacu- 
ation of the faeces, urine, etc. is effected. Also vernal 
generative impulse in birds, etc. N. formati'vus, 
plastic force. N. parturien'tium, efforts or forcing 
during parturition. 
Nit. See Nits. 
Nited'ula (niteo, to shine). Cicindela. 
NICOTINISM 
less, volatile, strongly alkaline, very soluble alkaloid; 
a depressant, neurotic, and rapidly fatal poison, pro- 
ducing symptoms known as nicotinism or nicotism. 
N. bitar'trate, white, soluble salt, from nicotine; a 
convenient form of administering it in tetanus, poi- 
soning from strychnine, etc. 
Nic'otinism. Condition arising from excessive use 
of tobacco; in addition to profound depression of the 
nervo-muscular system there are at times severe or- 
ganic lesions, which have given rise to such terms as 
" tobacco heart," "tobacco amblyopia," etc. 
Nicotyl'ia. See Nicotiana tabacum. 
Nicta'tio. Hippus; nictation. 
Nicta'tion or Nictita'tion (nicto, to wink). Twinkling 
of the eye ; rapid and repeated motion of the eyelids, 
which open and shut alternately; if repeatedly per- 
formed, it is a disease. It seems to be executed chiefly 
by the motor 7th pair of nerves, but the excitor 5th 
pair must likewise be in a state of integrity. 
Nic'titating mem'brane. See Membrana nictitans. 
Nidamen'tum (nidus, nest). Decidua. 
Nidation, ni-da'shun (nidus). Periodical develop- 
ment of epithelial lining of body of uterus during 
the intermenstrual period. 
Nidor, nid'or. Putrefactive change which food 
undergoes in certain forms of dyspepsia. 
Ni'dorous (nidor, cnissa, smell of anything burnt, 
etc.). Iridose. Having the smell of rotten eggs. 
Nidularion, nid-u-lar'e-on. Mycelium of fungi. 
Ni'dus, (nest). Focus or point of infection; nucleus; 
collection of nerve-cells; nerve-centre. N. edulen'- 
tus, see Nest, edible. N. hirun'dinis, Swallow's nest; 
deep fossa in the cerebellum-so called from its fan- 
cied resemblance-situate between the velum medul- 
lare posterius in front and the nodulus and uvula 
behind. 
Niepa bark. See Samadera Indica. 
Nigeria (niger, black, in allusion to seed). Coptis. N. 
arven'sis, wild fennel flower, has properties like those 
of Nigella sativa. N. sati'va, ord. Eanunculacese; 
Fennel flower, Nutmeg flower, Devil in a bush. This 
small European and Syrian plant was formerly used 
medicinally as an expectorant and deobstruent, 
errhine, sialagogue, etc. 
Nigellin, nij-el'lin. Extract from seeds of Nigella 
sativa. 
Nightblind'ness. Hemeralopia; nyctamblyopia. 
Night-bloom'ing ce'reus. Cactus glandiflora; 
flowers are used in functional cardiac troubles, an- 
gina pectoris, etc. 
Night'eyes. Crusta genu equinse. 
Night'mare. Incubus. 
Night-palsy. A nocturnal numbness of the extremi- 
ties occurring usually in women about the climacteric. 
Night'shade, American. Phytolacca decandra. 
N., bittersweet, Solanum dulcamara. N., com'mon, 
solanum. N., dead'ly, Atropa belladonna. N., en- 
chanter's, Circaea Lutetiana. N., gar'den, solanum. 
N., Pal'estine, Solanum sanctum. N., red, Phyto- 
lacca decandra. N., stink'ing, Hyoscyamus niger. 
N., vine, Solanum dulcamara. N., wood'y, Solanum 
dulcamara. 
Night'-sight. Nyctalopia. 
Night'-soil. Contents of privy vaults. N.-s. fe'ver, 
typhoid fever. 
Night'-sweat. Nocturnal hyperidrosis, especially 
in phthisis and hectic fever. 
Night'-terrors. An affection of childhood in which 
the child awakes screaming in a great fright, as if it 
had dreamt of some impending danger. A kind of 
nightmare. 
Nigranilin, nig-ran'il-in (aniline black, blue-black). 
A stain having especial affinity for ganglion-cells; 
much used in study of central nervous system. 
Nigre'do acquisita universaTis. Melasma, uni- 
versal. N. cu'tis, melasma. N. ab ic'tero nlgro, 
jaundice, black. N. scorbu'tica, melasma caused by 
scurvy. N. a so'le (blackness from the sun), ephel- 
ides; melasma. 
Nigres'cent. Becoming blackish. 
Nigricans, nig'rik-anz. Nigrescent. NITOR 
Nitor, ne'tor. Enamel. 
Nitraria (nit-rah're-a) tridenta'ta. Supposed to be 
lotus tree of ancients. Ord. Malpighiaceae, native of 
Central Asia and Northern Africa. 
Ni'tras. Nitrate. N. amidohydrargyro'sus, 
mercurous ammonium nitrate. N. ammo'nicus, 
ammonium nitrate. N. argen'ticus, silver nitrate. 
N. argen'ticus fu'sus, fused nitrate of silver. N. 
argen'ticus mitiga'tus, dilute fused nitrate of silver. 
N. bihydrargyro'sus, basic mercurous nitrate. N. 
fer'ricus, ferric nitrate. N. hydrargyr'icus, see Hy- 
drargyri nitras. N. hydrargyr'icus ac'ido-ni'trico 
solu'tis, solution of mercuric nitrate. N. hydrargy- 
ro'sus, hydrargyri nitras. N. kal'icus, potassii 
nitras. N. lixiv'ise, potassii nitras. N. na'tricum, 
sodium nitrate. N. plum'bicus, plumbi nitras. N. 
potas'sse cum sulphu're fu'sus, potasste nitras fusus 
sulphatis paucillo mixtus. N. strych'nicus or strych- 
ni'nus, nitrate of strychnine. N. sub-bismu'thicum, 
bismuth subnitrate. 
Nitratation, ni-tra-ta'shun. Staining of tissues 
with silver nitrate. 
Ni'trate. Azof ate. A salt formed of a base and 
nitric acid. Several nitrates are employed in medi- 
cine. N. of potas'sium pa'per, paper impregnated 
with nitrate of potassium, fumes of which afford 
relief to asthmatics. N. of so'dium, Cubic nitre or 
Nitratine; salt found in immense quantities in Chile, 
extensively used in manufacture of nitric acid, and 
commended as a remedy in dysentery. N. test, 
reagent; see Acid phenyl sulphate. 
Nitrated, ni'tra-ted. Combined with nitric acid or 
with nitre. 
Nitration, ni-tra'shun. Process or act of intro- 
ducing into a.compound, by substitution, the radical 
NO2. 
Ni'tre. Potassii nitras. N., ammoni'acal, ammo- 
nium nitrate. N., sweet spirits of, spiritus setheris 
nitrosi. 
Ni'tric (nitrum, nitre). Appertaining or relating to 
nitre and its compounds. N. ac'id, Nitrous acid, Azo- 
tic acid, Dephlogisticated nitrous acid, Oxyseptonic acid, 
Nitric hydrate (HNO3). Nitric acid is obtained from 
nitre-nitrate of potassium or sodium. Its odor is 
suffocating; taste very acid and caustic; the acid is 
fuming, corrosive, liquid, colorless, and transparent. 
S. g. 1.42, Ph. U. S. Strong nitric acid is rarely used 
except as an application to foul, indolent ulcers or to 
warts. When given internally, it is in the form of 
the Acidum nitricum dilutum-diluted nitric acid- 
which, in U. S. Ph., consists in nitric acid 1| fluid- 
ounces, water 12| fluidounces. S. g. 1.068; tonic, 
antiseptic, astringent. In the Ph. Br. it is much 
stronger. Diluted largely with water, used, as a 
drink, in fevers of the typhoid kind, in chronic 
affections of the liver, syphilis, etc., but in the latter 
affections not to be depended upon. N. anhy'dride, 
N2O5, colorless, shining, deliquescent, prismatic crys- 
tals, obtained by decomposing pure silver nitrate by 
absolutely dry chlorine. N. e'ther, erroneously used 
for nitrous ether. N. magne'sian rea'gent, Robert's 
reagent. N. ox'ide, nitrogen pentoxide. 
Ni'tric-ac'id test. Heller's test. Contact method 
of determining presence of albumen in urine. 
Nitricus, nit'rik-us. Nitric. 
Nitrifiable, nit-ri-fi'a-b'l. Capable of nitrification 
or nitration. 
Nitrifica'tion. Decomposition of organic matters 
with formation of nitrites and nitrates, a process 
taken advantage of in water analysis. 
Nitrigenium, nit-re-jen'e-um. Nitrogen monoxide. 
Ni'trite. Salt of nitrous acid (HNO2). N. of 
am'yl, see Amyl nitrite. N. of eth'yl or Ni'trous e'ther, 
volatile liquid characteristic of sweet spirits of nitre. 
Nitrobenzi'nic ac'id. Benzoinitric acid. Formed 
by action of strong nitric acid upon benzoic acid. 
Nitroben'zol. Nitrobenzide. A substitute for oil 
of bitter almonds, from which it differs in containing 
no prussic acid. Used as perfume and flavor, and in 
manufacture of aniline ; active poison. 
Nitroben'zole, See Oleum amygdalae amarse. 
754 
t NITRUM 
Nitrocel'lulose. A cellulose ether, compound of 
nitric acid and cellulose. Name given to both gun- 
cotton and substance from which collodion is made. 
Nitrochlo'roform. Same as chloropicrin. 
Nitrocom'pound. Compound of carbon by substi- 
tution of monatonic radical NO2 for H. 
Ni'trogen {nitre, gennao, to generate). Azote. Col- 
orless, tasteless, inodorous gas, incombustible and a 
non-supporter of combustion. Exists free in atmo- 
sphere, forming four-fifths of its bulk. N., gas'eous 
ox'ide of, Nitrous monoxide, Nitrous oxide, Protoxide 
of nitrogen or of azote, Paradise, Intoxicating, or Laugh- 
ing gas, Dephlogisticated nitrous gas; also N. monoxide. 
When respired it- produces great mental and corporeal 
excitement, and generally so much exhilaration as to 
render the appellation "laughing gas" by no means 
inappropriate. A safe and reliable anaesthetic in 
dental and minor surgical operations; action very 
fugacious. N. perox'ide, liquid of variable color, 
having marked antiseptic properties. N., protoxide 
of, nitrogen, gaseous oxide of. 
Nitrogenium. Azote. 
Nitrogenized, ni-troj'en-ized. Azoted, Azotized. 
Containing nitrogen or azote, as a nitrogenized, 
azoted, or azotized aliment-animal food, for example 
-in contradistinction to the non-nitrogenized, non- 
azoted, or non-azotized, or those not containing nitro- 
gen-saccharine and oleaginous aliments, for example. 
Nitrog'enous, ni-troj'en-us. Containing nitrogen. 
N. organic bodies, see Organic bodies (table). 
Nitroglycerin, ni-tro-glis'er-in. Trinitroglycerin, 
Trinitrin, Glonoin. Colorless or yellowish, oily, odor- 
less, highly explosive, liquid, having a sweet, aromatic, 
pungent taste, slightly soluble in water, freely so in 
alcohol and ether; a powerful poison. Used in an- 
gina pectoris, Bright's disease, etc. It is administered 
in gradually increasing doses, beginning with one 
minim of a one per cent, solution. 
Nitroglyceri'num. Nitroglycerin. 
Nitrohydrochloric (ni-tro-hy-dro-klo'rik) acid. Ni- 
tromuriatic acid. 
Nitroleum. Nitroglycerin. 
Nitrom'eter. Apparatus for measuring nitrous 
oxide gas during process of nitrification. 
Nitromethane, nit-ro-meth'ane. Liquid compound 
of methane, possessing analgesic properties. 
Nitromuriatic acid. Nitrohydrochloric or Hydro- 
chloronitric acid, Aqua regia. Mixture of nitric and 
muriatic acids in proportion of four parts to fifteen. 
Freshly prepared, a reddish yellow, fuming, corrosive, 
poisonous liquid, having strong odor of chlorine. 
Upon standing and when exposed to light becomes 
golden-yellow, then lemon-yellow, when it is thera- 
peutically almost inert. Used as a tonic, astringent, 
and digestant; of special service in hepatic torpor, 
both internally and in form of bath. The officinal 
dilute acid is an ineligible preparation, Acidum nitro- 
hydrochloricum dilutum, Ph. U. S. 
Nitronaphthalene, ni-tro-naf'thal-een. Compound 
of nitric acid and naphthalene. 
Nitropen'tane. C5H11NO2. Liquid isomeric with 
amyl nitrite, formed by action of amyl iodide upon 
silver nitrate. 
Nitrophenis'ic ac'id. Picric or carbazotic acid. 
Nitrophe'nol. Three substances have been ob- 
tained by the action of nitric acid on carbolic acid. 
Carbazotic acid-Nitrophenisic acid-is the only one 
having any therapeutic value. 
Nitropic'ric ac'id. Carbazotic acid. 
Nitroprus'sic ac'id. Nitroprusside of hydrogen, 
formed by the action of nitric acid on ferrocyanide 
of potassium. Its therapeutic value is undetermined. 
Nitroprus'sides. Salts formed by the action of 
nitric acid upon ferrocyanides and ferricyanides. 
Ni'trous. Belonging to nitre. N. ac'id, unstable 
acid derived from nitrogen trioxide. N. e'ther, ethyl 
trioxide nitrite. N. ox'ide, nitrogen, gaseous oxide 
of. N. powder, see Potassii nitras. 
Ni'trum {nitron). Natron; potassii nitras. N. anti- 
quo'rum, soda. N. cu'bicum, soda nitrate. N. fac- 
tit'ium, borax. N. flam'mans, ammonii nitras. N, NITRYL 
lunar'e, argenti nitras. N. prismat'icum, potassii ni- 
tras. N. rhomboida'le, soda nitrate. N. saturni'- 
num, plumbi nitras. N. tabula'tum, potassii nitras 
fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus. N. vitriola'tum, po- 
tassii sulphas. N. vitriola'tum Schroed'eri, potassii 
sulphas. 
Nitryl, ni'tril. Nitric peroxide (NO2). Univalent 
radical assumed to exist in nitric acid and so called 
nitro-compounds. 
Nits. See Pediculus. 
Nit'ta tree. Parkia biglandulosa, African locust. 
Clustered pods contain an edible mealy pulp. 
Nix. Snow. N. fu'mans, calx viva. N. zin'ci, 
zinci oxidum. 
Nix'us. Nisus (effort or struggle). N. parturien'- 
tium, the efforts or forcing during parturition. 
No'ah's ark. Cypripedium luteum. 
Noasthenia, no-as-then-e'ah (noos, mind, astheneia, 
weakness). Mental weakness. 
No'ble. Principal, essential. N. parts, Partes 
nobiles or essentiales. Some anatomists have given this 
name to parts without which life cannot exist, such 
as the heart, liver, lungs, brain, etc. Organs of gen- 
eration have likewise been so called. 
No'car (nokar). Lethargic tumor. 
Nocarodes, nok-ar-o'dees. Affected with nocar. 
Noctambula'tio or Noctambulis'mus (nox, night, 
ambulo, to walk). Somnambulism. 
Noctam'bulus. Somnambulist. 
Noctidial, uok-tid'e-al. Lasting through a night 
and a day. 
Noctisurg'ium (nox, surgo, to arise). Somnambulism. 
Noctui'ni oc'uli (owl's eyes) (noctua, owl). Gray or 
blue eyes. 
Noctur'na bel'la (nocturnal wars). Coitus. 
Noctur'nal (nox, night). Relating to night, as 
Febris nocturna, fever occurring at night. N. blind'- 
ness, hemeralopia, nyctamblyopia. N. emis'sion or 
pollution, ejaculation of semen during sleep; see 
Spermatorrhoea. N. ver'tigo, sensation of falling after 
going to sleep. 
No'dal points. Two points on the principal axis 
of a refracting system, so situated that every ray that 
before refraction is directed to the first nodal point is 
after refraction directed to the second, and the inci- 
dent and refracted rays are parallel. The point of 
intersection of convergent rays of light with the 
visual axis of the eye. In optics two points in the 
visual axis at which converging rays meet after pass- 
ing through a refracting medium. Conjugate foci. 
Nod'ding. Forward and downward movement or 
dropping of the head, as from somnolency; nutatio. 
N. spasm, spasmus nutans. 
Nod'dlepox. Syphilomania. 
Node. Gumma. A hard concretion or incrusta- 
tion which forms around joints attacked with rheu- 
matism or gout. Some include, under this name, ex- 
ostoses, articular calculi, ganglions, and even the 
chronic swellings of the joints known under the 
name of white swellings. The oblong swellings in 
the course of the bones in syphilis-syphilitic nodes- 
due to periostitis, are either hard and indolent or 
fluctuating, from the deposit of gummatous material. 
N., lymphat'ic, gland, lymphatic. 
No'des (ne, priv., odous, tooth). Without teeth. 
No'di digito'rum ma'nus. Phalanges of the fin- 
gers. N. hsemorrhoida'les, see Hsemorrhois. N. lac'- 
tea, milky tumefaction of the breast. N. nervo'rum, 
nervous ganglions. 
No'doi. Nefrendes. 
Nodose. Characterized by nodes or nodosities. 
Nodo'sis (nodus, osis). Formation or existence of 
nodes. 
Nodosity, no-dos'it-e. Small knot-like swelling or 
tumor. 
Nodos'ities, Heb'erden's. Deposits of hard nod- 
ules at the phalanges of the fingers, occurring in mid- 
dle life, due to gout, etc., or to changes in cartilages 
of articulation and bone. 
Nodous, no'dus. Nodose. 
Nod'ular, Pertaining to or having nodes. 
755 
NOMENCLATURE 
Nod'ule. Nodulus. N. enam'el, see Tooth. 
Nod'uli Albi'ni. Nodules of connective tissue 
found upon free edge of auriculo-ventricular valves. 
N. Aran'til, Noduli Morgagnii, Corpora Arantii; small 
sesamoid bodies situate on the periphery of the semi- 
lunar valves of the aorta and pulmonary artery for 
the better occlusion of the artery. N. Morgagn'ii, 
noduli Arantii. N. nervorum, ganglions, nervous. 
Nod'ulus (dim of Nodus, a knot). Nodule. A small 
prominence or lobule in the portion of the cerebellum 
which forms the posterior boundary of the fourth 
ventricle; the nodulus is on the median line and be- 
fore the uvula. See Vermiform process, inferior. N. 
uteri'nus, pessary. 
No'dum rel'igo (to fasten a knot or tie). To pre- 
vent by enchantment the venereal act or to render 
impotent. 
No'dus (a knot or tie). Articulation, edentulus, 
encystis, hamma. N. cer'ebri, pons Varolii. N. chi- 
rur'gicus, knot, surgeon's. N. enceph'ali, pons Va- 
rolii. N. extenso'rius or exter'nus hu'meri, epicon- 
dyle. N. flexo'rius, epitrochlea. N. guttura'lis, 
Adam's apple. N. hyster'icus, angone. N. inter'nus 
hu'meri, epitrochlea. N. val'vulse at'rio-ventricu- 
la'ris, a cartilaginous thickening in the wall of the 
heart at either side of the anterior segment of the 
mitral valve; also caVed N.valvulsemitralis. N. vi'tse, 
centrum vitale. 
Noe'ma (noeo, to think). Thought. 
Noematachograph, no-e-mah-tak'o-graf (noema, 
tachus, quick, grapho, to write). An instrument devised 
by Bonders to determine the duration of more or less 
complex operations of the mind; consisting of a cylin- 
der on which the time is registered by a vibrating 
tuning-fork. 
Noematachometer, no-e-mah-tak-om'et-ur (metron, 
measure). An instrument devised by Bonders to de- 
fine the shortest possible time for a simple sensation 
or idea to be recorded, 
NoS'sis (noesis). See Intellect. 
No'li me tan'gere (do not touch me). Applied to 
various eroding ulcers, such as lupus, epithelioma, etc. 
of the face. 
No'ma (nemo, to corrode). Cancer aquaticus. See 
Gangrenous stomatitis, Cancrum oris. N. pudendo'rum, 
gangrene or putrescency of the vagina and genitals 
in young children. 
No'mad (nomas, pasturage). An epithet given to 
people who, having no fixed habitation, travel with 
their flocks from country to country for pasturage. 
Such are the Tartars. By analogy the word nomadic 
has been applied to a spreading ulcer. 
No'me. Cancer aquaticus; phagedenic ulcer. 
No'menclature (nomen, name, calo, to call). Ter- 
minology, Terminology, Glossology, Orismology. A col- 
lection of terms or words peculiar to a science or art. 
In all sciences nomenclature is an object of import- 
ance, and each term should convey to the student a 
definite meaning. The Lavoisierian nomenclature 
was a valuable gift to chemistry, and anatomy has 
derived advantage from the labors of Barclay, Bumas, 
and Chaussier, who have given names to parts in- 
dicative of their situation. See Muscle. The nomen- 
clature of pathology has required the greatest atten- 
tion ; and although repeated attempts have been 
made to improve it, the barbarous terms that disgrace 
it are still frequently adopted. It consists of Hebrew 
and Arabic terms, Greek and Latin, French, Italian, 
Spanish, German, English, and even Indian, African, 
and Mexican, often barbarously and illegitimately 
compounded. A want of principle in forming the 
technical terms of medicine is everywhere observable. 
They have been formed, for example-1. From Color; 
as Melsena, Melas, Atrabilis, Leuce, Alphos, Chlorosis, 
Rubeola, Scarlatina, Purpura, etc. 2. From Duration; 
as ephemeral, quotidian, tertian, and quartan, con- 
tinued and intermittent, etc. 3. From Birds, Beasts, 
Fishes, Insects, and Plants; as Rabies canina, Cynanche, 
Boulimia, Pica, Hippanthropia, Elephantiasis, Urti- 
caria, Lichen, Ichthyosis, etc. 4. From Persons. or 
Places; as Morbus Herculeus, Facies Hippocritica, NOMOCACOSTOMIA 
Lepra Arabum, Plica Polonica, Sudor Anglicus, Mor- 
bus Gallicus, Ignis Sancti Antonii, Chorea Sancti 
Viti, etc. The Royal College of Physicians of Eng- 
land has a system of nomenclature of diseases which 
is generally recognized as authoritative. See Nosol- 
ogy- 
Nomocacostomia, nom-o-kak-ost-o'me-ah (nome, 
corroding ulcer, kakos, evil, stoma, mouth). Cancer 
aquaticus. 
Nomogeny, no-moj'en-e (nemos, law, gennao, to pro- 
duce). Origination of life under operation of existing 
natural law, and not by miracles. 
No'mus. Cancer aquaticus. 
Noznan. Said of fever in which an exacerbation 
occurs every ninth day. 
Nonatelia (non-ah-tel'e-ah) offlcina'lis. Asthma 
plant growing in Cayenne; leaves are employed in 
asthmatic attacks. 
Nona'zoted. See Nitrogenized. 
Non com'pos. Lunatic. 
Non com'pos men'tis. Not possessing a mind; 
lunatic. 
Non-nat'urals. Under this term the ancient physi- 
cians comprehended air, meat and drink, sleep and 
watching, motion and rest, the retentions and excre- 
tions, and the affections of the mind. They were so 
called because they affect man without entering into 
his composition or constituting his nature, but yet are 
so necessary that he cannot live without them. 
Non-nitrogenized, non-ni-troj'en-ized. See Nitrog- 
enized. 
Non-nitrogenous, non-ni-troi'en-us. Not containing 
nitrogen. N.-n. organ'ic bod'ies, see Organic bodies. 
Non-pedun'culated hydat'id. See Morgagni's hy- 
datid. 
Non-placen'tal. Not having a placenta; aplacental, 
as marsupials and monotremes. See Aplacental. 
Non'sane. Insane. 
Non-sex'ual. Having no sex; sexless; asexual. 
Done by or characteristic of sexless animals, as the 
nonsexual conjugation of protozoans. 
Non-stri'ated mus'cular fl'bre. See Muscular fibre. 
No'nus hu'meri placenti'ni (nonus, ninth). Teres 
minor. N. lin'guse mus'culus, genioglossus. N. 
Vesa'lii, peronseus tertius. 
Non-vi'able. Not viable. Applied to a foetus too 
young to maintain independent existence. 
Noo'dles. See Turundee Italicse. 
Noos. Intellect. 
Noosphales, no-os'fal-ees. Insane. 
Noosteresis, no-o-ster-a'sis (noos, intellect, steresis, 
privation). Dementia. 
Nopal, no'pal. Opuntia vulgaris. 
Nordhausen acid. N. oil of vitriol. Fuming sul- 
phuric acid. Sp. gr. 1.860 to 1.900. 
Nor'ma. Rule, model, line. N. faciaTis or N. 
fronta'lis, line drawn from in front perpendicular 
to frontal plane of skull. N. infe'rior, line from 
below to vertical plane of skull. N. latera'lis, line 
perpendicular to sagittal plane of skull. N. occip- 
ita'lis, line from behind perpendicular to frontal 
plane of skull. N. parieta'lis, N. verticalis. N. pos- 
terior, N. occipitalis. N. sagitta'lis, aspect of skull 
seen on a mesial sagittal section. N. tempora'lis, 
N. lateralis. N. vertica'lis, line from above vertical 
to horizontal plane of skull. All of these are used 
in comparative study of crania. See Normal. 
Nor'mal (norma, a perpendicular, a rule). Accord- 
ing to rule; perpendicular. N. conjugate diam'e- 
ter, see Pelvic diameters. N. solu'tion, one containing 
in 100.0 cc. sufficient of the active constituent to com- 
bine with or replace 1 gramme of hydrogen. 
Norm'oblast. See Corpuscle. 
Nor'ris's col'orless cor'puscles. Blood-red cor- 
puscles from which coloring matter has been dis- 
solved out. 
Nor'ton's drops. Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis. 
Norwe'gian itch. See Radzyge. 
Nosac'erus (nosakeros}. Sickly. 
Nossetiologia, no-ze-te-o-loj'e-ah (nosos, disease, 
aitia, cause, logos, discourse). Etiology of disease. 
756 
NOSONOMY 
Nosanthropochemia, no-zan-thro-po-kem-e'ah (no- 
sos, disease, anthropos, man, chemia, chemistry). 
Chemistry applied to human physiology. 
Nosazontology, no-zaz-ont-ol'o-je. Pathology re- 
lating to etiology of disease. 
Nose. Nasus. N. bleed, epistaxis; Achillea mille- 
folium. N., bridge of, see Bridge. N., running at 
the, coryza. N., Tench's, external os uteri. 
Nosegay (noze'ga), Ri'olan's. Name given to 
muscles extending from the styloid process of the 
temporal bone. 
Noselia (no-ze'le-ah) or Noselei'a. Care of the 
sick. 
Nosema, no-za'ma. Disease. N. bom'bycis, par- 
asite of pebrine. 
Nosemat'ic. Pertaining to disease. 
Nosenceph'alus (nosos, enkephalos, brain). A mon- 
ster whose skull is open only on the frontal and 
parietal regions, the posterior fontanelle being dis- 
tinctly present-the brain being moie or less replaced 
by vascular tissue. 
Noseph'erous (nosos, phero, to bear). Bringing 
disease. 
Nosersesthesia, no-zer-ees-the'ze-ah (noserus, aisthe- 
sis, sensation). Disordered sensation. 
Noseropheretrum, no-zer-o-fer'et-rum (nosos, pher- 
etron). Litter. 
Nose'rus (noseros). Insalubrious; sick. 
Noseu'ma. Disease. 
Nosistoria, no-zist-o're-ah (nosos, historia, history). 
History of disease. 
Nosocarya, no-zo-kar'e-ah. Secale cornutum; er- 
got of rye. 
Nosocephalous, no-zo-sef'al-us. Nosencephalus. 
Nosoche'ma (nosos, ochema, carriage). Ambulance. 
Nosochorologia, nos-o-kor-o-lo'je-ah (nosos, disease, 
choros, piece of ground, logos, treatise). Nosochthono- 
graphia. 
Nosochthonographia, no-zok-thon-o-graf'e-ah (no- 
sos, chthon, the earth, grapho, to describe). Medical 
topography in relation to endemic disease. 
Nosochthonolog'ia (nosos, chthon, the earth, logos, 
a description). Geographical nosology. 
Nosocomesis, no-zo-ko-ma'sis (nosokomesis, from no- 
sos, komeo, to care for). Noselia. 
Nosocomi'a. Noselia. 
Nosoco'mial (nosocomium, hospital). Relating to a 
hospital, as nosocomial or hospital fever. N. at'mo- 
sphere, see Hospitalism. 
Nosocomi'um (nosokomeiori). Hospital. N. psychi- 
at'ricum, hospital for the insane. 
Nosoc'omus. Male hospital nurse. 
Nosocratic, no-zo-krat'ik (nosos, kratos, power). 
Specific. 
Nosocrinies, no-zo-krin'ees (krino, to separate). 
Diacrises. 
No'sode. Isopathic remedy. 
Noso'des (nosos, disease). Insalubrious, sick, sickly. 
Nosodochium, no-zo-do'ke-um (nosos, dechomai, to 
receive). Hospital. 
Nosogenesis, no-zo-jen'es-is (nosos, genesis, genera- 
tion). Generation of disease; pathogeny. 
Nosogen'ia (nosos, gennao, to engender). Pathogeny. 
Nosog'eny. Pathogeny. 
Nosogeog'raphy. Medical geography. 
Nosog'raphy (nosos, grapho, to describe). A de- 
scription of diseases. 
Nosohsemia, no-zo-he'me-ah (nosos, haima, blood). 
Disease of the blood. 
Nosological, no-zo-loj'ik-al. Pertaining to nosol- 
ogy- 
Nosologism, no-zol'o-jism. Abuse of nosological ar- 
rangements in pathology. 
Nosol'ogy (nosos, logos, a discourse). The classifi- 
cation of diseases. Pathology. 
Nosomania, no-zo-man'e-ah. Mania in regard to 
disease; a species of hypochondriasis. 
Nosomycosis, no-zo-me-ko'sis. Disease produced 
by fungi. 
Nosonomy, no-zon'o-me (nosos, onoma, name). No- 
menclature of diseases, NOSOPHOBIA 
Nosophobia, uo-zo-fo' be-ah. Intense dread of 
disease. 
Nosophyta, no-zof'it-ah (nosos, phuton, plant). Dis- 
eases supposed to be produced by, or to consist in, the 
development of parasitic plants, as porrigo, mentagra, 
etc. 
Nosophytodermata, no-zo-fe-to-dur'mat-ah (noso- 
phyta, derma, skin). Nosophyta affecting the skin, 
as favus, trichosis, mentagra, alopecia areata, and 
chloasma. 
Nosopceus, no-zo-pe'us (nosos, poieo, to make). That 
which causes disease. 
Nosopoiet'ic or Nosopoetic, no-zo-po-et'ik. Noso- 
pceus. 
Nosos, no'sos. Disease. 
Nosotaxy, no-zo-taks'e (nosos, taxis, arrangement). 
Distribution and classification of diseases. 
Nosotheorla, no-zo-the-o're-ah (nosos, theoria, doc- 
trine). Doctrine or theory of disease. 
Nosotroph'ic (nosos, trophe, nourishment). Supply- 
ing material for disease. Nourishing to the sick. 
Nosotrophy, no-zot'ro-fe. Proper care of the sick. 
Nostalgia, nost-al'je-ah (nostos, a journey home, 
algos, pain). Homesickness; an affection produced by 
the desire of returning to one's country, character- 
ized by melancholia and wasting, sometimes followed 
by death. N. complica'ta, nostalgia accompanied by 
intermittent fever. 
Nostalgic, nos-tal'jik. Pertaining to, or affected 
with, nostalgia. 
Nostomania, nos-to-man'e-ah. Nostalgia. 
Nostosite, nos'to-site. Parasite situated in or on a 
part. 
Nostrassia, nos-tras'se-ah (nostras, of our country). 
Nostralgia. 
Nostrate, nos'trate. Endemic. 
Nostrils, nos'trils. Nares. 
Nos'trum (noster, our own). Arcanum; a secret or 
quack medicine. 
Nota materna, no'tah mat-ur'nah (mother's mark). 
Naevus. N. primiti'va, primitive groove. 
Notse infantum, no'te in-fan'turn (infant's marks). 
Naevi. 
No'tai (notos, the back). Dorsal. 
Notalgia, no-tal'je-ah (notos, back, algos, pain). Noti- 
algia (Nostalgia, improperly, of Kochlin and others). 
Pain in the back; spinal irritation. 
Notanencephalia, not-an-en-sef-al'e-ah (notos, anen- 
cephalid). See Notencephalus. 
Notch. A depression or indentation of differing 
shape and size, observed on the circumference or 
edges of certain bones, as the sacrosciatic, spheno- 
palatine, and pterygoid notches. Notches in soft parts 
are generally called fissures. N., acetab'ular, situate 
in border of acetabulum near the obturator foramen. 
N., ante'rior, of cerebel'lum, see Incisura cerebelli. N., 
aor'tic, an undulation, as indicated by the sphygmo- 
graph, synchronous with the reflux of blood closing 
the aortic valves. N., clavic'ular, depressed part at 
superior end of sternum, articulating with clavicle. 
N. of the con'cha, incisura intertragica. N., cot'y- 
loid, see Cotyloid cavity. N., ethmoid'al, is situate on 
the frontal bone and joins the ethmoid. N., great 
sciat'ic, see Incisura ischiadica major. N., intercla- 
vic' ular, semilunar notch of sternum. N., intercon'- 
dylar, intercondylar fossa. N., na'sal, cavity at in- 
ternal edge of facial portion of the upper maxillary 
bone. N., parot'ld, the triangular space comprised 
between the parotid edge of the inferior maxillary 
bone and the mastoid process, so called because it 
lodges the parotid gland. N. of Rivi'nus, small gap 
in bony ring to which membrana tympani is attached. 
N., scap'ular, the notch on the superior edge or costa 
of the scapula, which is converted into a foramen 
by means of a ligament, and gives passage to the 
suprascapular nerve. N., semilu'nar, of the ster'- 
num, fourchette. N., supraor'bital, supraorbital 
foramen. N., supraster'nal, N., interclavicular. N., 
ver'tebral, concavity above and below the pedicle. 
Notches of the cerebel'lum. Intervals separating 
the hemispheres, anterior and posterior. N., ischi- 
757 
NUCHAL 
at'ic, two in number: greater, situate at inferior part 
of the pelvis, is formed by the sacrum and ilium, and 
gives passage to the sciatic nerve, pyramidalis muscle, 
and superior gluteal vessels and nerves; the lesser is 
much the smaller, and is separated from the greater 
by the sciatic spine. It gives passage to the tendon 
of the obturator internus and internal pudic vessels 
and nerves. 
Notencephalia, no-ten-sef-al'e-ah. See Notenceph- 
alus. 
Notencephalocele, no-ten-sef-al-o-se'le (Eng. no-ten- 
sef'al-o-seel). Congenital encephalocele at back of 
head ; congenital absence of back part of cranium. 
Notencephalus, no-ten-sef'al-us (notos, back, enkeph- 
alos, brain). Form of exencephalus in which the en- 
cephalic mass projects through a fissure in the occip- 
ital bone; usually, the contents being fluid or semi- 
fluid, the tumor is a hydrencephalocele. The con- 
dition is termed Notencephalia or Notanencephalia. 
Notheus'is or Nothi'a. Degeneration. 
No'throtes. Torpor. 
Nothrous, no'thrus. Torpid. 
No'thus. False. 
Notiseus, no-te-e'us. Dorsal. N. my'elus, medulla 
spinalis. 
Notial'gia. Notalgia. 
No'tis. Humidity. 
No'tochord (notos, chorde, a string). Chorda dor- 
salis. Embryonic condition of spinal cord; also 
spinal cord itself. 
Notoglossus, no-to-glos'sus (notos, a ridge, glossa, 
tongue). Longitudinal muscular fibres on the upper 
surface of the tongue, immediately beneath the mu- 
cous membrane-Lingualis superficialis. 
Notomelus, no-to-me'lus. Monster with supernu- 
merary limbs attached to the back. 
Notomyelitis, no-to-me-el-e'tis (notos, myelitis). My- 
elitis. 
Notomyelus, no-to-me'el-us (notos, muelos, marrow). 
Medulla spinalis. 
Notonia (no-ton'e-ah) corymbo'sa. Shrub growing 
in south of India; juice of recent stems has been 
employed in rabies. 
Notophore, no'to-for. Monster with spina bifida. 
No'tos or No'tus. Dorsum or back; vertebral 
column. 
Nourishment, nur'ish-ment. Aliment. 
Nous. Intellect. 
Novacula, no-vak'u-lah. Razor. 
Nox'ious (noceo, to injure). Deleterious. 
Noy'ris. Nurse. 
Nubecula, nu-bek'u-lah (dim. of Nubes). Ense- 
orema; nebula. 
Nu'bes (cloud). Enaeorema; nebula. 
Nubile, nu'bil. Marriageable; marriable; fit to 
marry. Generally, the period of puberty is considered 
to be the age at which both sexes are nubile. They 
are truly nubile, however, only when fitted to pro- 
create healthy and vigorous children, and competent 
to discharge their duties as parents. Menstruation 
alone does not indicate nubility, which is the comple- 
ment of puberty. See Puberty. 
Nubil'ity. State of being nubile or marriageable. 
Nubilosus, nu-bil-o'sus (nubes, a cloud). Nepheloid. 
Nuces (nu'sees) (pl. of Nux, nut) aquat'icae (water 
nuts). See Trapa natans. N. quer'cfis, see Quercus 
alba. 
Nucha, nu'kah. The nuke, hinder part or nape of 
the neck. Part where the spinal marrow begins. The 
Ligamentum nuch.ie is a strong ligament from the 
neck, proceeding from one spinous process to another, 
and inserted into the occipital bone. It is very 
strong in quadrupeds. It is called in them Paxywaxy, 
Paxwax, Packwax; formerly, Faxwax and Taxwax. . 
Nuchal, nu'kal (nucha). Relating or appertaining 
to the nucha or nape of the neck. N. fas'cia, cervical 
fascia enveloping the trapezius. N. fos'sa, triangular 
depression on the median line at the back of the neck 
just below occipital bone. N. re'gion, region of the 
nucha or nape of the neck. N. tu'bercle, prominence 
caused by spine of seventh cervical vertebra. NUCIN 
Nu'cin. A crystalline substance in the pericarp 
and. leaves of Juglans regia. 
Nucista, nu-sis'tah (nux, a nut). See Myristica 
moschata. 
Nu'cit. A crystallizable, non-fermentable sugar 
found in the leaves of Juglans regia, probably identical 
with inosit. 
Nuck, canal' of. See Canal of Nuck. 
Nu'clear. Pertaining to a nucleus, or to a central 
group of nerve-cells. N. fis'sion, increase of nuclei 
by fission or division of the original solitary nucleus. 
N. lay'ers, strata of central layers of retina. N. 
lay'ers, inner, layers between inner and outer mo- 
lecular layers, subdivided into layer of spongioblasts 
and layer of ganglion retinae. N. lay'ers, out'er, 
inner portion of visual cell-layer, composed of cone- 
and rod-granules. N. paral'ysis, paralysis from 
central causes. N. spin'dle, spindle-shaped arrange- 
ment of fibres and chromatin fragments into which 
the nucleus is transformed during karyokinesis. N. 
zone, uniform arrangement of nuclei or superficial 
fibres formed around the crystalline lens. 
Nucleated, nu'kle-a-ted (nucleus, kernel). Having 
a nucleus or central particle. Applied to the element- 
ary cells of organized tissues, the vital properties of 
which are seated in the nucleus. See Cytoblast. N. 
cell, see Cytoblast. 
Nu'clei cem'brse. See Pinus cembra. N. cerebel'li 
secunda'rii, N. fastigii, N. globosus, and N. emboli- 
formis. N. colliculo'rum, gray masses found within 
the corpora quadrigemina. N. os'sei, ossification, points 
of. N. pin'eae, see Pinus pinea. N. trigem'ini, tri- 
geminal nuclei. 
Nuclein, nu'kle-in. Albuminoid substance like 
mucin in nuclei of globules of the blood, pus, milk, 
the brain, etc. See Globules of the blood. 
Nucleochylema, nu-kle-o-kil-a'mah. Substance oc- 
cupying meshes of reticulum of nucleus. 
Nucleochyme, nu'kle-o-kime. Fluid-like hyaline 
substance contained in a cell-nucleus. 
Nucleohyaloplasm, nu-kle-o-hi'al-o-plazm. Nu- 
cleoplasm ; karyoplasm. See Chromatin. 
Nucleo-ldioplasma, nu'kle-o-id-e-o-plaz'mah (nu- 
cleus, idios, special, plasma). Idioplasm of nucleus in 
particular. 
Nucleolar, nu-kle'o-lar. Resembling a nucleolus. 
Nucleolid, nu-kle'o-lid. Body resembling a nucle- 
olus. 
Nucleoli'nus or Nucleol'ulus. Small part of a cell- 
nucleus. 
Nucleolus, nu-kle'ol-us (dim. of Nucleus). See 
Cytoblast. N. prick'le, nucleolus attached to nucleus, 
which surrounds it, by delicate fibrils. 
Nucleoplasm, nu'kle-o-plazm (nucleus, small nut, 
plasso, to form). Substance from which the fibrils of 
germinal vesicles are formed. Also substance from 
which nuclear reticulum and envelope are formed. 
Nucleoplasmatic (nu-kle-o-plaz-matfik) or Nucleo- 
plas'mic. Relating to nucleoplasm. 
Nucleoplastic, nu-kle-o-plas'tik. Nucleoplasmatic. 
Nu'cleus. Kernel, central differentiated part. Ap- 
plied principally to differentiated body in protoplasm 
of a cell containing chromatin-may or may not be 
separated from protoplasm by a membrane; also 
group of cells forming central termination of a nerve 
or bundle of nerve-fibres. Motor centre of a mus- 
cle; centre of functional activity of an organ. N. 
abducen'tis, abducens nucleus. N. accesso'rii, spinal 
accessory nucleus. N. accesso'rius acus'ticl, see 
Auditory nuclei, N. acustici. N. ambig'uus, in medulla 
oblongata a nuclear mass in form of a gray cord di- 
rected dorso-ventrally along fibres of origin of vagus 
and glossopharyngeal nerves. N. amyg'dalse, amyg- 
daloid tubercle. N. amygdalifor'mis, nucleus of Buys. 
N. angula'ris, see Auditory nuclei. N. ante'rior, 
N. ambiguus. N. of ante'rior root-zone, detached 
group of nerve-cells found in medulla oblongata, 
ventrally and radially from lowest fibres of origin of 
hypoglossal nerves. N. ante'rior thal'ami, see Thal- 
amic nuclei. N. anterolatera'lis, nucleus funiculi 
lateralis. N. arcifor'mis, small mass of gray matter 
758 
NUCLEUS 
among superficial arcuate fibres of medulla. N. arcu- 
a'tus triangula'ris, N. of Balbia'ni, Balbiaui's 
nucleus. N. basa'lis, olivary nucleus. N. of Beck'- 
terew, see Auditory nuclei. N. blastoder'matis, germ- 
inal spot. N. bul'bi forn'icis, gray matter within the 
corpora mammillaria. N. cauda'tus, caudate nucleus. 
N. centra'lis infe'rior, mass of gray cells in pons, 
rather diffusely scattered, situated near raphe and 
posterior border. N. centra'lis supe'rior, similar 
mass near dorsal and anterior surface. N. cerebel'li, 
dentate nucleus of cerebellum. N. cine'reus, poste- 
rior gray commissure; see Spinal commissures. N. 
cochlea'ris, see Auditory nuclei. N. cunea'tus ex- 
ter'nus, small detached nucleus of gray matter lying 
superficially to nucleus cuneatus of medulla oblongata. 
N. cursa'rius, portion of gray matter in head of cor- 
pus striatum, irritation of which in animals produces 
an irresistible tendency to run or jump. N. denta'- 
tus cerebel'li, dentate nucleus of cerebellum. N. 
denta'tus oli'vae, olivary nucleus. N. denta'tus 
par'tis commissura'lis, nucleus olivaris superior. 
N. denticula'tus, dentate nucleus of cerebellum. N. 
den'tis, pulp of tooth. N. of Die'ters, outer or 
superior auditory nucleus; see Auditory nuclei. N. 
embolifor'mis, nucleus of gray matter in cerebellum 
lying close to corpus dentatum, toward median line. 
N. exter'nus thal'ami, see Thalamic nuclei. N. fas'ciae 
denta'tae, irregularly arranged pyramidal cells in 
centre of fascia dentata. N. fascia'lis, fascial nucleus. 
N. fasti'gii, roof nucleus. N. fibro'sus lin'guae, sep- 
tum fibrosum linguae. N. fimbria'tus, dentate nucleus 
of cerebellum. N. funic'uli anterio'ris, nucleus of 
anterior root-zone. N. funic'uli cunea'ti, cuneate 
nucleus. N. funic'uli grac'ilis, clavate nucleus. N. 
funic'uli latera'lis, in medulla oblongata, portion of 
continuation of anterior horn of spinal cord, which 
has become separated by fibres crossing from lateral 
column to opposite anterior pyramid. N. funic'uli 
ter'etis, a nucleus lying in funiculus teres, floor of 
fourth ventricle, mesially and dorsally from hypo- 
glossal nucleus. N. gelatino'so-cartilagin'eus or 
N. gelatino'sus, nucleus pulposus. N. globo'sus, 
nucleus of gray matter in cerebellum, near corpus 
dentatum, to median and under side of nucleus em- 
boliformis. N. glossopharynge'i, glossopharyngeal 
nucleus. N. hypoglos'si, hypoglossal nucleus. M. 
hypoglos'si accesso'rius or ant'ero-exter'nus, nu- 
cleus funiculi lateralis. N. infe'rior acus'tici, acces- 
sory auditory nucleus; see Auditory nuclei. N. inter'- 
nus thal'ami, see Thalamic nuclei. N. jux'ta-oliva'ris, 
nucleus of pyramid. N. latera'lis, claustrum. N. 
latera'lis ante'rior, anterior division of nuclei funic- 
uli lateralis. N. latera'lis me'dius, nucleus ambiguus. 
N. latera'lis poste'rior, posterior division of nucleus 
funiculi lateralis. N. latera'lis thal'ami, see Thal- 
amic nuclei. N. lemnis'ci latera'lis, collection of 
cells in lateral lemniscus tract, about on level of 
upper termination of fourth ventricle. N. lenticu- 
la'ris, lenticular nucleus; gray centre of the extra- 
ventricular portion of the corpus striatum. N. len- 
ticula'tus, dentate nucleus of cerebellum. N. lenti- 
for'mis, nucleus lenticularis. N. len'tis, inner harder 
portion of crystalline lens. N. of Luys, lens-shaped 
collection of nerve-cells, of a clear brown color, under 
optic thalamus, extending from red nucleus behind 
nearly to corpus albicans. N. media'lis thal'ami, 
see Thalamic nuclei. N. medulla'ris or N. medulla'ris 
cerebel'li, medullary nucleus. N. oculomoto'rii, 
oculomotor nucleus. N. oli'vae, olivary nucleus. N. 
oli'vae accesso'rius, accessory olivary nucleus. N. 
oli'vae accesso'rius exter'nus or N. oli'vae acces- 
so'rius latera'lis, collection of gray matter in me- 
dulla, dorsally from olive; also, N. oli'vae accesso' 
rius supe'rior and N. oliva'ris supe'rior, situate in 
pons behind trapezium and between roots of sixth 
and seventh nerves; also applied by Luys to red 
nucleus. N. oli'vae accesso'rius media'lis, pyramidal 
nucleus. N. of Pan'der, upper enlarged extremity 
of the white part of yolk of the hen's egg. N. 
pedun'culi cer'ebri, nucleus of Luys. N. pedun'culi 
cona'rii, ganglion habenulae. N. pon'tis, scattered NUCULA TERRESTRIS 
multipolar cells in pons. N. pulpo'sus, jelly-like 
mass at centre of intervertebral disks-vestige of 
notochord. N. of pyr'amid, collection of gray matter 
found in anterior area of medulla, just behind pyra- 
mid and ventrally from olive; lesser N. of pyramid is 
nucleus arciformis. N. quadrigem'ini, masses of gray 
matter occupying central portions of corpora quadri- 
gemini, anterior and posterior. N. retlcula'ris, situ- 
ate dorsally in pons, widest about region of root of 
trigeminus. N. ru'ber, red nucleus. N. supe'rior 
thal'ami, see Thalamic nuclei. N. tsenifor'mis, claus- 
trum. N. tec'ti, roof nucleus. N. tegmen'ti, red 
nucleus. N. trape'zius, collection of cells in pons 
among fibres of trapezius. N. trochlea'ris, see Troch- 
learis nuclei. N. va'gi, vagus nucleus. N. vestibula''- 
ris, see Auditory nuclei. 
Nucula terrestris, nu'ku-lah ter-res'tris (nux, a 
nut). Bunium bulbocastanum. 
Nudipes, nu'de-pees. Having naked feet, as in 
some animals. 
Nuel's space. Intercellular space between outer 
rods of Corti and outer hair-cells. 
Nuhn, glands of. Glands of Blaudin. Two glands 
at the apex of the tongue, beneath the mucous mem- 
brane and the longitudinal muscular fibres, formed by 
the styloglossus and longitudinalis inferior muscles. 
Nui'sance. In common law, that which causes 
hurt, inconvenience, or damage to any one; in public 
health legislation, that which is injurious to health. 
Nuke. Nucha. 
Nulekneed. Entogonyancon. 
Nullip'ara or Nulliparous, nul-lip'ar-us (nullus, 
none, pario, to bring forth). One that has not 
brought forth any young, though not a virgin. 
Nullipar'ity. State or condition of a nullipara. 
Numb. Torpid. 
Numb'ness. State of being torpid. 
Numerical meth'od. See Method. 
Num'miform. Coin-shaped. 
Nummular, num'mu-lar (nummus, money). Num- 
mulated. Relating to money. Coin-shaped, as the 
sputa in phthisis, when they flatten at the bottom 
of the vessel, like a piece of money; and to the mode 
of aggregation of the red corpuscles of the blood- 
nummular rolls. 
Nummularia, num-mu-lah're-ah. Lysimachia num- 
mularia. 
Nummulated, num'mu-la-ted. Coin-shaped. 
Nummulation, num-mu-la'shun. Aggregation of 
red blood-corpuscles into rolls, resembling rolls of 
money. 
Num'post. Abscess. 
Nuphar (nu'far) ad'vena. Yellow pond-lily, Spatter- 
dock, ord. Nympheaceae; indigenous in Canada and 
the IT. S. Root is a popular tonic, and the fresh 
root bruised is applied as a cataplasm. N. lu'teum, 
Nymphsea lutea. 
Nuptiality, nup-she-al'it-e. Proportion of number 
of marriages to number of people in a given locality. 
Nurse. One w'ho suckles her own child or another's. 
One that has the care of a sick person; caretaker. 
A dry nurse is one who gives every care to a child, but 
does not suckle it. A monthly nurse is one who attends 
a woman during the month of her parturient state; 
a wet nurse (Sc.), milkwoman, a female who suckles 
the child of another. A hospital nurse is one whose 
field of occupation is in a hospital; a trained nurse, 
one who has received systematic instruction and 
discipline to fit him or her for duty in the sick- 
room ; a professional nurse is one whose sole occupa- 
tion is the care of the sick, in contradistinction to 
the voluntary nursing of family or friends. To nurse 
artificially is to bring up a child by the hand. 
Nurses' contrac'ture. Tetany. 
Nurs'ing. Lactation. Also care of the sick. 
Nursling, nurs'ling. An infant nursed by its 
mother or by another. 
Nus. Intellect. 
Nuss'baum's narco'sis. Condition produced by a 
full dose of morphia, followed by inhalation of chloro- 
form. 
759 
NUTRITIOUS 
Nu'sus. Disease. 
Nut ([L.] nux). Glans. N., Barba'does, see Jatro- 
pha curcas, Ben, Betel, Bonduc. N., Brazilian, see 
Pichurim beans. N., but'ter, Juglans cinerea; see 
Cashew, Cream. N., cem'bros, see Pinus cembra. N., 
clear'ing, Strychnos potatorum. N., French, Juglans 
regia. N., ground, Apios tuberosa, Arachis hypogea; 
see Guru, Indian gum, Kola, Malacca, Marking, Oil, 
Oriental cashew. N. oil, a drying fluid oil obtained 
from kernels of English walnuts. N., Para, see 
Pichurim beans, Pecan. N., phys'ic, Jatropha curcas. 
N., pine, Pinus sabiniana; see Pinus picea. N., 
pistach'io, see Pistacia vera. N., poi'son, see Strychnos 
nux vomica. N., purg'ing, see Jatropha and CSroton 
tiglium. N., rat'tle, Nelumbium luteum. N., sas'- 
safras, see Pichurim beans. N., soap, see Sapindus 
saponaria. N. tree, Mal'abar, adhatoda. N., vom'ic, 
see Strychnos nux vomica. N., zir'bel, see Pinus picea. 
Nutation, nu-ta'shun (nuto, to nod). Nodding. 
Also a constant oscillation of the head, by which it 
moves involuntarily in one or more directions. 
Nutator capitis, nu-ta'tor kap'it-is (nodder of the 
head). Sternocleidomastoid eus. 
Nut'gall. See Quercus infectoria, also American 
nutgalls. N. oint'ment, powdered nutgalls 1, ben- 
zoinated lard 9 (U. S. Ph.). N., tinc'ture of, see 
Tinctura gallarum. 
Nut'grass. Indigenous; root aromatic; used in 
cholera. 
Nut'meg. See Myristica moschata. N. but'ter, see 
Myristica. N. ce'rate, yellow wax 1, olive oil 2, 
expressed oil of nutmeg 6; melt together. N. flow'er, 
nigella. N. liver, cirrhosis of the liver, or condition 
of that organ dependent on imperfect circulation, 
from local obstruction or from heart trouble. N., oil 
of, see Myristica. N. tree, Myristica fragrans. 
Nut'megs. Testes. 
Nu'triant (nutrio, to nourish). Medicine modifying 
or improving local or general nutrition. 
Nutricatio, nu-tre-kah'she-o (nutrio, to nourish). 
Nutrition. 
Nutric'ius. Nutritious. 
Nutriens, nu'tre-ens. Aliment; nurse. 
Nu'trient. Giving nourishment. Food or other 
nourishing material. N. ar'tery, medullary artery. 
N. canal', passage by which medullary artery enters 
a bone. N. foram'ina, openings by which nutrient 
arteries penetrate bones. 
Nutrility, nu-tril'it-e. Metabolism. Ability to per- 
form a nutritive function. 
Nutrimen, nu-tre'men. Aliment. 
Nu'triment. Aliment. Anything that nourishes. 
Nutrimental, nu-tre-men'tal. Alimental, Alimentary ; 
having qualities of food or nutriment. 
Nutrimentum, nu-tre-men'tum. Aliment; pabu- 
lum. 
Nutrition, nu-trish'un (nutrio, to nourish). Nutri- 
tion is that function by which the alimentary matter 
already elaborated by the various organic actions 
loses its own nature and assumes that of the differ- 
ent living tissues, to repair their losses and maintain 
their strength. Sometimes used in a more extended 
signification to express the whole series of actions by 
which the two constant movements of composition 
and decomposition are accomplished in organized 
bodies. Nutrition would then comprehend diges- 
tion, absorption, respiration, circulation, and assimi- 
lation ; the latter being nutrition properly so called, 
and being effected in the intermediate system over 
the whole of the body, the cells of the tissues attract- 
ing from the blood the elements necessary for their 
reparation. N., anor'mal, term proposed as a sub- 
stitute for inflammation. N., force of, plastic force. 
N. treat'ment, restorative treatment in pneumonia, 
etc., consisting injudicious stimulation and nourishing 
diet. 
Nutritional, nu-trish'un-al. Relating or appertain- 
ing to nutrition. 
Nutritious, nu-trish'us. Nutritive; having the 
quality of nourishing, as nutritious food, nutritious 
lymph, etc. N. or Nu'tritive ar'teries, arterial NUTRITIVE 
branches which enter the foramina nutricia of long 
bones and penetrate to the medullary membrane. 
Nutritive, nu'tri-tiv. Nutritious; also relating to 
nutrition; hence the nutritive functions, or those con- 
cerned in nutrition. N. yolk, portion of ovum con- 
taining most yolk-granules, and serving principally 
as a food reservoir in distinction from the formative 
yolk. 
Nutritus, nu-tre'tus. Aliment, nutrition. 
Nutrix, nu'triks. Mamma; nurse. 
Nuts, wa'ter. Nelumbium luteum. 
Nux (a nut) aromat'ica. See Myristica moschata. 
N. avella'na, Corylus avellana (nut). N. Barbaden'- 
sis, Jatropha curcas. N. becui'ba, ibicuiba. N. 
castan'ea Brasilien'sis, Brazil nuts. N. cathar'- 
tica America'na, Jatropha curcas. N. galTae, see 
Quercus cerris. N. jug'lans, Juglans regia. N. med'- 
ica, coco of the Maldives. N. metelTa, Strychnos 
nux vomica. N. meth'el, Datura stramonium. N. 
moscha'ta, see Myristica moschata. N. myris'tica, 
see Myristica moschata. N. pista'cia, see Pistacia vera. 
N. unguenta'ria, see Myristica moschata. N. vom'ica, 
Strychnos nux vomica. 
Nyade'lia. Tree growing in Malabar, where it is 
used in pulmonary affections; seeds have purgative 
prorerties. 
Nychthemerus, nik-them'er-us (nwrc, night, hemera, 
day). Of the duration of a night and a day. 
Nyc'talope. See Nyctalopia. 
Nyctalopex, nik-tal-o'peks. See Nyctalopia. 
Nyctalopia, nik-tal-o'pe-ah (nux, night, optomai, to 
see). Now used to signify day-blindness, as by Hippoc- 
rates ; other old authorities used it in sense of night- 
blindness, now called nyctamblyopia. See Hemeral- 
opia. Disease of nervous irritability, and one of 
excitement of the visual nerve in particular. 
Nyctalopiasis, nik-tal-o-pe-as'is. Nyctalopia. 
Nyctalopy, nik'tal-o-pe. Nyctalopia. 
Nyctamblyopia, nik-tam-ble-o'pe-ah (nycto, amblu- 
osso, to be blind). Night-blindness. 
Nyctanthes, nik-tanth'ees (nycto, anthos, flower). 
Arbor tritis ; Indian mourner. Plant growing in India, 
where the seeds and flowers are employed as a car- 
diac tonic. 
Nycterinus, nik-ter-e'nus. Nocturnal. 
Nycthemeron, nik-the'mer-on. See Dies. 
Nycthe'merum (nycto, hemera, day). The space of 
24 hours, or of a day and night. Certain complaints 
continue only so long. 
Nyctiplauc'tos, Nyctiplauc'tus, Nyctip'olos, Nyc- 
tip'olus, or Nyctip'orus (nycto, poleo or poreuo, to go 
about). A somnambulist. 
Nycto, nik'to (night). In composition, night. 
Nyctobadia, nik-to-bad'e-ah (nycto, baino, to walk 
or mount), Nyctobasis (nik-tob'as-is), Nyctobatesis 
(nik-to-bat-a'sis), or Nyctobatia, nik-to-bat'e-ah. Som- 
nambulism. 
Nyctophobia, nik-to-fo'be-ah (nycto, phobos, fear). 
Morbid fear of night. 
Nyctophonia, nik-to-fo'ne-ah (nycto, phone, voice). 
Ability to speak only at night. 
Nyctotyphlosis, nik-to-tif-lo'sis (nycto, tuphlos, 
blind). Hermeralopia. 
Nyg'ma (nugma, a prick). Punctured wound. 
Nygmat'icum emplas'trum (wound plaster). Em- 
plastrum resinse. 
Nygmaticus, nig-mat'ik-us. Pertaining to a punc- 
ture or stab. 
Nympha, nim'fah. Clitoris. See Nymphse. 
Nymphse, nim'fe. Labia minora or interna; Pu- 
denda minora. Two membranous folds arising from 
the lateral parts of the prepuce of the clitoris and 
descending on the inner surface of the labia majora; 
terminating by becoming gradually thinner about 
the middle of the circumference of the vaginal ori- 
760 
NYXIS 
fice; formed each of two folds of mucous membrane 
of the vulva, and containing in their substance a 
thin layer of spongy, erectile tissue. Their use seems 
to be-not as was once supposed, to direct the course 
of the urine, which notion gave rise to their name 
(after the fabulous water nymphs), but to favor the 
elongation and dilatation of the vagina in pregnancy 
and labor. The word Nymphe has also been used 
synonymously with clitoris. N. pen'dulse, pendulous 
labia majora. 
Nymphsea (nim-fe'ah) ad'vena. Nuphar advena. 
N. al'ba, White water lily, ord. Eanunculacese. De- 
mulcent, antaphrodisiac, emollient, and slightly 
anodyne remedy. N. In'dica, N. nelumbo. N. lu'tea, 
Yellow water lily, used for the same purposes as Nym- 
phiea alba. In Norfolk, England, the flowers are 
called Brandybottles. N. nelum'bo, bean. 
The fruit is eaten raw in Egypt and some neighboring 
countries; considered to be tonic and astringent. N. 
ma'jor lu'tea, N. lutea. N. odora'ta, Sweet-scented 
water lily, Sweet water, or White pond, or Toad lily, Cow 
or Water cabbage. An indigenous plant, growing in 
most parts of the U. S. in fresh-water ponds and 
along streams, having large white, beautiful, sweet- 
scented flowers. Root is very astringent and bitter. 
Sometimes made into a poultice and used as a discu- 
tient. N. umbilica'lis, N. lutea. 
Nymphar, nim'far. Nymphaea alba. 
Nymphe, nim'fe. Clitoris. See Nymphee. 
Nymphitis, nim-fe'tis (nywip/m, itis). Inflammation 
of the nymphae or clitoris. 
Nympholepsy, nim'fo-lep-sy {nympholepsia,'). State 
of one rapt or entranced. See Catalepsy. 
Nymphomania, nim-fo-man'e-ah (nympha, mania, 
fury). An irresistible and insatiable desire in females 
for the venereal act. It occurs in those particularly 
who possess a nervous temperament and vivid imagi- 
nation, especially if excited by improper language, 
masturbation, etc. In the commencement the suf- 
ferer is a prey to perpetual contests between feelings 
of modesty and impetuous desires. At an after period 
she abandons herself to the latter, seeking no longer 
to restrain them. In the last stage the obscenity is 
disgusting, and the mental alienation, for such it is, 
becomes complete. 
Nymphoncus, nimf-on'kus (nympha, onkos, tumor). 
A morbid tumefaction of the nymphte. 
Nymphotomy, nimf-ot'o-me {nympha, tome, section). 
An operation, known and practised for a long time, 
consisting in the excision of the nymphse. The op- 
eration is had recourse to when the seat of scir- 
rhus, cancer, fungus, or gangrene, or when so large 
as to interfere with walking or coition. Nymph- 
otomy is the circumcision of the female. Some 
authors have used the term for amputation of the 
clitoris. 
Nys'sa. Genus of Cornacex. N. can'dicans, 
Ogeechee lime, grows in swamps of Georgia and Flor- 
ida ; also N. capita'ta, N. grandidenta'ta, or N. uni- 
flo'ra, large tupelo, cotton gum, grows in southern 
U. S. The spongy roots of these species are used for 
corks and surgical tents. 
Nystagmus (nist-ag'mus) or Nystax'is (nustagmos, 
sleep). A partial, involuntary, rotatory, or oscillatory 
movement of the eyeball. Nystagmus rotatorius (ro- 
tatory nystagmus) or oscillatorius is a spasmodic 
affection of the muscles of the eye, generally appear- 
ing in infancy, sometimes in conjunction with con- 
genital cataract. Also coma vigil. N., mi'ner's, 
variety of nystagmus occurring among coal-miners. 
N. mis'tus, nystagmus in vThich oscillatory and 
rotary nystagmus exist. 
Nysta'leus. Somnolent, sleepy. 
Nyxis, niks'is (nusso, to pierce). Puncture; par- o 
761 
OBLIQUE 
0. 
0. Abb. of octarius, a pint. Symbol for oxygen. 
Oak balls. See California oak balls. 0. bark, 
dried bark of smaller branches and young stems of 
Quercus robur; astringent. 0., black, Quercus tinc- 
toria. 0., com'mon, Quercus robur. 0. galls, see 
Nutgall. 0., Jerusalem, Chenopodium botrys; see 
also Chestnut, Cork, Dyer's, Live, Poison, Spanish, and 
White. 0. lungs, Lichen pulmonarius. 0. man'na, 
Diabekir and Armenian manna, obtained from leaves 
of Quercus vallonea and Q. Persica; consists chiefly 
of grape-sugar. 0. poi'son, Rhus toxicodendron. 
0., red, Quercus rubra montana. 0., sea, Fucus 
vesiculosus. 0., Spanish, Quercus rubra montana. 
0., white, Quercus alba. 
Oak'um. See Linteum. 
Oamma, o-am'mah. Audition; also the ear. 
Oarialgia, o-ar-e-al'je-ah. Ovarian neuralgia. 
Oaric, o-ar'ik (oarion). Relating or appertaining to 
the ovary. 
Oaricele, o-ar-e-se'le (Eng. o-ar'i-seel). Ovarian 
hernia. 
Oariocye'sis (oarion, kuesis, pregnancy). Ovarian 
pregnancy. 
Oarion, o-ar'e-on (oarion, an egg). Ovary. 
Oarioncus, o-ar-e-on'kus (oarion, onkos, swelling). 
Ovarian tumor. 
Oarioparectama, o-ar-e-o-par-ek'tam-ah (oarion, 
parekteino, to extend). Enlargement of the ovary. 
Oariopathy, o-ar-e-op'ath-e (oarion, pathos, affec- 
tion). Disease of the ovary. 
Oariophyma, o-ar-e-o-fe'mah (oarion, phuma, a 
swelling). Oarioncus. 
Oariorrhexia, o-ar-e-or-rheks'e-ah (oarion, rhexis, 
rupture). Rupture of the ovary. 
Oarioscirrhus, o-ar-e-o-skir'rhus (oarion, scirrhus). 
Scirrhus of the ovary. 
Oariosteresis, o-ar-e-o-ster-a'sis (oarion, steresis, 
privation). Oariotomy. 
Oariotomy, o-ar-e-ot'o-me (oarion, tome, incision). 
Ovariotomy. 
Oaritis, o-ar-e'tis. Ovaritis. Inflammation of the 
ovarium. When occurring in childhood it is the 
Lochobphoritis of some. 
Oariule, o-ar'e-ule (oarion, ule, cicatrix). Corpus 
luteum. 
Oarium, o-ar'e-um. Ovary. 
Oariydrops, o-ar-e-e'drops (oarion, hudrops, dropsy). 
Hydroarion. 
Oarthrocace, o-ar-throk'as-e. Omoarthrocace. In- 
flammation of the scapulohumeral articular surfaces. 
Oat'meal. See Avena. 
Oats. Avena. 0., water, Zizania aquatica. 
Ob (L.). In composition, on, before, over, against, 
toward. At times only intensive; at others it means 
inversely. Before c and f it is often changed into 
oc, of, and before p always into op. 
Obauditio, ob-aw-dish'e-o (ob, audio, to hear). 
Hardness of hearing; incomplete deafness. 
Obauditus, ob-aw-de'tus. Hardness of hearing. 
Obcsecatio, ob-se-kah'she-o (ob, cseco, to blind). 
Blindness. 
Obdormition, ob-dor-mish'un (ob, dormio, to sleep). 
The state of being asleep; also of the limbs being 
asleep. 
Obductio legalis, ob-duk'she-o leg-al'is. Legal 
post-mortem examination. 
Obduc'tion. Examination of cadaver previous to 
medico-legal autopsy. 
O'Beirne's tube. A long, flexible tube for high 
injection in cases of obstinate constipation. 
Obelaea raphe, ob-el-e'ah raf'e (obelos, a spit or 
arrow). Sagittal suture. 
Obe'lion. Point on median line in sagittal suture 
between the two parietal foramina, used in craniom- 
etry. 
Obesitas, o-bes'it-as (fatness). Excessive corpu- 
lency. 0. col'li, prominence of the neck from obesity. 
0. cordis, fatty degeneration of the heart. 0. nim'ia, 
conversion into, or formation of, fat. 0. vis'cerum, 
accumulation of fat in the intestines. The prin- 
cipal systems of treatment for reduction of obesity 
or for its prevention are those of Banting, Ebstein, 
and Oertel, all of whom enjoin exercise and absten- 
tion from carbohydrates. Ebstein advises the use of 
fats. Oertel restricts the quantity of fluids used. 
Obesity, o-bes'it-e. Polysarcia. See Obesitas, treat- 
ment for. 
Obesus, o-ba'sus (fat). Corpulent. 
O'bex. Thin layer of white matter crossing poste- 
rior median fissure of medulla at calamus scriptorius. 
Obfuscatio, ob-fus-kah'she-o (ob, fusco, to make 
dark). Amaurosis. 
Obitus, ob'it-us (ob, eo, to go). Death; dead. 
Objective, ob-jek'tiv. An object-glass; combination 
of lenses used next to the object in a compound micro- 
scope. Also applied to symptoms, as objective symp- 
toms, in contradistinction to subjective symptoms. 0. 
cone, cone of light proceeding from an object, the apex 
of which is on the object and the base on the cornea. 
0. lig'ament, thin fibrous band, apparently a de- 
tached portion of interosseous membrane, extending 
from coronoid process of ulna to radius just below 
the tubercle. 0. line of clav'icle, trapezoid line. 0. 
line of fib'ula, postero-internal border, from inner 
side of head to interosseous crest at lower fourth, 
giving attachment to fascia separating tibialis posticus 
from superficial muscles. 0. line of lower jaw, exter- 
nal, impression for depressor muscles, extending down- 
ward and forward from anterior border of ramus. 0. 
line of lower jaw, inter'nal, mylohyoid ridge. 0. line 
of ra'dius, upper part of anterior border, downward 
and outward from tuberosity, affording attachment to 
supinator brevis, flexor sublimis digitorum, and flexor 
longus pollicis muscles. 0. line of thy'roid, line for 
insertion of sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles 
on great wing of thyroid cartilage. 0. line of tib'ia, 
popliteal line. 0. line of ul'na, ridge from posterior 
extremity of lesser sigmoid cavity to posterior bor- 
der, giving attachment to supinator brevis. 0. sen- 
sa'tions, see Sensations. 
Oblesion, ob-le'zhun. Absence or deficiency of 
some functions. 
Obligatio, ob-lig-ah'she-o. Dressing. 
Oblinition, ob-lin-ish'un (ob, lino, to besmear). 
Inunction. 
Oblique, ob-leek'. Anything inclined or which de- 
viates from the vertical line. Anatomists have given 
this name to certain muscles which have a unique 
direction as regards the plane that divides the body 
into two equal and symmetrical halves. 0. muscles 
of the abdo'men, two in number: 1. Obliquus exter- 
nus abdominis, Grand or External oblique. One of the 
broadest muscles of the body ; situate at the lateral 
and anterior part of the abdomen, flat and quadrilat- 
eral. Attached above to the outer surface and lower 
edge of the last seven or eight ribs; below, to the an- 
terior third of the external lip of the crista ilii; 
before, it terminates at the linea alba, a broad and 
strong aponeurosis which covers the rectus and pre- 
sents toward the inferior parts two very solid fibrous 
fasciculi, which are inserted-the one at the symphy- 
sis, the other at the spine of the pubis-under the 
name of Pillars of the abdominal ring. These pillars 
leave between them an opening which forms the in- 
ferior orifice of the inguinal canal. The obliquus 
externus abdominis depresses the ribs and carries 
them backward during a strong expiration. It im- 
presses on the chest a movement of rotation, and 
bends the thorax upon the pelvis, and conversely. It 
also contracts the abdominal cavity. 2. Obliquus in- OBLIQUITAS 
ternus abdominis, Internal oblique, is broad, especially 
before; thin, and irregularly quadrilateral, like the 
preceding, beneath which it is situate. Attached, 
above, to the inferior edge of the cartilages of the 
fifth, fourth, third, and second ribs; below, to the 
anterior two-thirds of the interstices of the crista ilii, 
to the posterior part of the crural arch, and to the 
pubis; behind, to the spinous processes of the last two 
lumbar vertebrae, and to those of the first two por- 
tions of the sacrum; before, to the linea alba. Its 
upper fibres run obliquely upward and forward; the 
middle are horizontal; and the lower pass obliquely 
downward and forward. These last, in the male, are 
dragged down through the inguinal ring when the 
testicle descends, and form the two fasciculi of the 
cremaster. The OWigwus internus resembles the O. 
externus in function. 0. muscles of the eye are two 
in number : 1. Obliquus superior oculi, Trochlearis, sit- 
uate at the inner and upper part of the orbit; is small, 
round, fusiform, and reflected upon itself in the mid- 
dle of its course. Behind, it is attached to the inside 
of the foramen opticum; opposite the internal orbital 
process it becomes a small, round tendon, which slides 
in a cartilaginous pulley fixed to the os frontis, and 
is reflected at an acute angle to proceed downward 
and outward, to attach itself to the outer and back 
part of the globe. This muscle carries the globe for- 
ward and inward, producing a movement of rotation, 
which directs the pupil downward and inward. This 
is conceived to be an involuntary muscle, as well as 
the next. In sleep, when power over the straight 
or voluntary muscles of the organ is nearly lost, the 
eye is given up to the oblique muscles, which lodge 
the transparent cornea under the upper eyelid. At 
the approach of death the same thing is observable; 
hence the turning up of the eye at such time is not 
an evidence of agony or suffering, but of insensibility. 
2. Obliquus inferior, situate at the anterior and infe- 
rior part of the orbit. It is flat and attached to the 
inner and anterior part of the orbital surface of the 
superior maxillary bone, on the outside of the lacry- 
mal gutter; from thence it passes outward and back- 
ward, and terminates by an aponeurosis at the poste- 
rior and inner part of the globe of the eye. It car- 
ries the globe of the eye inward and forward, and 
directs the pupil upward and outward. 0. mus'cles 
of the head, two in number: 1. Obliquus superior, sit- 
uate at the sides of and behind the articulation of 
the head; it is flat and attached, on the one hand, to 
the top of the transverse process of the atlas, and on 
the other terminates at the occipital bone beneath the 
inferior curved line, and sometimes also at the mas- 
toid region of the temporal bone. It extends the head, 
inclining it to one side. 2. Obliquus inferior capitis, 
situate at the posterior part of the neck and head. 
It is round, fusiform, attached to the spinous pro- 
cesses of the axis, and proceeds to terminate behind 
and below the summit of the transverse process of the 
atlas. It impresses on the first vertebra and the head 
a movement of rotation, which turns the face to one 
side. 0. processes, articular process. 0. ridge of 
molar tooth, thick ridge of enamel connecting the 
anterior internal cusp with the posterior external 
cusp in upper molars. 0. ridge of trapezium, emi- 
nence on palmar surface of trapezium, giving attach- 
ment to the ligamentum carpi volare proprium. 0. 
vein of heart, small vein in vestigial fold of peri- 
cardium, remains of foetal left superior cava. 
Obliquitas, ob-lik'we-tas. Obliquity. 
Obliquity, ob-lik'we-te. State of being oblique, as 
o. of the foetal head, o. of the pelvis, o. of the uterus, 
etc. 
Obli'quus (o&, liquis, slanting). Oblique. 0. abdom'- 
inis exter'na mi'nor or abdom'inis secun'dus, rare 
muscle arising from the 10th or 11th rib, and passing 
to Poupart's ligament, sheath of rectus, or middle of 
crest of ilium (rectus lateralis abdominis). 0. acces- 
so'rius oc'uli, gracillimus oculi. 0. ascen'dens, O. 
internus abdominis. 0. auric'ulae, a few muscular 
fibres on medial surface of external ear, from emi- 
nentia conchae to eminentia fossae triangularis. 0. 
762 
OBSTRUCTION 
au'ris, laxator tympani. 0. cap'itis infe'rior or 
ma'jor, small muscle arising from spinous process of 
axis, inserted into transverse process of atlas. 0. 
cap'itis supe'rior or mi'nor, small muscle arising 
from transverse process of atlas, passing up and back 
to be inserted between curved lines of occipital bone. 
0. col'li supe'rior, see Longus colli. 0. descen'dens 
exter'nus, see Oblique muscles of abdomen. 0. inter'- 
nus abdom'inis, see Oblique muscles of abdomen. 0. 
ma'jor, O. externus abdominis, O. inferior capitis, O. 
superior oculi. 0. mi'nor, O. internus abdominis. 
0. mi'nor cap'itis, O. superior capitis. 0. mi'nor 
oc'uli, O. inferior oculi. 
Obliterated, ob-lit'er-a-ted (oblitero, to efface). A 
vessel or duct is said to be obliterated when its pari- 
etes have approximated and contracted such an adhe- 
sion to each other that the cavity has completely dis- 
appeared. 
Obliteratio completa, ob-lit-er-ah'she-o kom-ple'- 
tah. Matting or growing together of organic parts. 
Oblivio, ob-liv'e-o (forgetfulness). Amnesia. 0. 
iners', lethargy. 
Oblobium, ob-lo'be-um (o5, lobos, a lobe). Antilo- 
bium; antitragus. 
Obmutescence, ob-mu-tes'sence. Aphonia. 
Obnubilation, ob-nu-bil-a'shun (oft, nubilo, to be 
cloudy). Giddiness; dazzling. 
Obolus, ob'ol-us. An ancient weight of 9 or 10 
grains. 
Obrang. Plant of Guinea, employed in decoction 
in orchitis. 
Obsccense (ob-se'ne) par'tes. Obscene parts. Gen- 
ital organs. 
Observation, ob-ser-va'shun (o&, servo, to keep- 
e. g. in sight). Act of examining a thing by means 
of the external senses. Employed in several accepta- 
tions. It expresses-1. The action of observing. 2. 
The aggregate of knowledge afforded by observation. 
In French-but not in English-it means the case or 
history of the phenomena presented by a patient in 
the course of a disease. 0., meth'od of, numerical 
method. 
Obsession, ob-sesh'un. Disordered condition of 
intellect, in which the patient imagines himself pos- 
sessed of demons. 
Obsoles'cence. State of becoming old and useless; 
cessation of normal growth and action. 
Obsolete, ob'so-lete. Out of use; also deficient in 
development. 
Obstetric, ob-stet'rik (pbsto, to stand before). Ee- 
lating or appertaining to obstetrics, as obstetric aus- 
cultation, obstetric exploration, etc. 0. chair, labor 
chair. 
Obstet'rical. Obstetric. 0. conjugate, see Pelvic 
diameters. 
Obstetricans, ob-stet'rik-ans. Accoucheur. 
Obstetricatio, ob-stet-rik-ah'she-o. Obstetrics. 
Obstetricius, ob-stet-ris'e-us. Accoucheur. 
Obstetrics, ob-stet'riks. Tocology, Tokology. Art 
of midwifery; midwifery in general. 
Obstetricy, ob-stet'ris-e. Obstetrics. 
Obstetrist, ob-stet'rist. Accoucheur. 
Obstetrix, ob-stet'riks. Midwife. 
Obstipa'tio. See Hump. 
Obstipation, ob-stip-a'shun (ob, stipo, to cram close). 
Constipation. Lateral curvature of the spine. 0. 
alvi'na, constipation. 0. tenes'mus, tenesmus. 
Obstipitas capitis (ob-stip'it-as kap'it-is) or col'li 
(obstipo, to lean to one side). Torticollis. 
Obstructio, ob-struk'she-o (pbstruo, to stop up by 
building against). Constriction ; detention in a cav- 
ity or canal of any substance which is morbid from 
either quantity or quality. 0. al'vi, constipation. 
0. duc'ttis alimenta'rii, constipation. 0. duc'tfis 
Stenonia'ni, constriction of Steno's duct. 0. intes- 
tina'lis, constipation. 0. pulmo'num pituito'sa feb- 
ri'lis, peripneumonia notha. 0. rec'tl spas'tica, spas- 
modic stricture of the rectum. 
Obstruction, ob-struk'shun (same etymon). In 
pathology applied to various forms of obstruction, 
such as the valvular, mitral, and aortic, to obstruc- OBSTRUENT 
tion of the bowels, pancreatic duct, etc. 0., albu'- 
minous, amyloid degeneration. 0. of the intes'- 
tines, condition usually dependent upon excessive 
accumulation of faeces. 
Obstruent, ob'stru-ent. A medicine which closes 
the orifices of ducts or vessels. 
Obstupefacientia, ob-stu-pe-fash-e-en'she-ah (06, 
stupefacio, to be numb). Narcotics. 
Obstupescence, ob-stu-pes'sence. Stupefied condi- 
tion resulting from consternation or from traumatism. 
Obsuturalis, ob-su-tu-ral'is. Applied to placenta 
when situate against or opposed to a suture. 
Obtruncatio, ob-trun-kah'she-o (ofi, trunco, to cut 
off). Decollation. 
Obtundens, ob-tun'dens (obtundo, to beat against, 
and therefore to blunt the edge). An epithet applied 
to remedies supposed, according to an erroneous 
theory, to be possessed of the power of blunting the 
acrimony of the humors-e. g. a demulcent. 
Obturamentum, ob-tu-rah-men'tum (pbturo, to 
stop). Anything that obstructs, as faecal accumula- 
tions. Any obstacle to delivery of foetus in preternat- 
ural or other presentations. 
Obturatio, ob-tu-rah'she-o. Infarction; obstruc- 
tion ; detention in canals or cavities of any substance 
that is morbid either from quantity or quality. Plug- 
ging. 0. of teeth, plugging of teeth. 
Obturatococcyge'us. Portion of levator ani 
arising from spine of ischium. 
Obturator, ob-tu-ra'tor. An instrument adapted 
for closing an opening caused by a wound or disease, 
as obturator of the palate; see Palate, artificial. Also 
a name given in anatomy to several parts connected 
with the obturator foramen. 0. ar'tery arises most 
commonly from the hypogastric. It is, however, fre- 
quently given off from the epigastric; a matter of 
importance to be determined in cases of femoral her- 
nia. Of 500 obturator arteries examined by M. J. 
Cloquet, 340 were furnished by the hypogastric, and 
152 by the epigastric or crural. When it arises from 
the hypogastric, it passes forward and outward, and 
then turns horizontally into the cavity of the pelvis, 
to issue from this cavity by the opening left at the 
upper part of the obturator membrane. When, on 
the contrary, the obturator artery arises from the 
epigastric or the crural, it descends obliquely inward 
behind the os pubis to the obturator foramen. At 
its exit from the pelvis the artery divides into two 
branches, a posterior and an anterior, which are dis- 
tributed to the muscles of the anterior and superior 
part of the thigh. 0. canal', passage for obturator 
vessels and nerves through upper part of obturator 
foramen. 0. exter'nus, muscle of hip arising from 
outer surface of obturator membrane and rami of 
ischium and pubes, inserted into digital fossa of great 
trochanter. 0. fas'cia covers deep surface of O. in- 
ternus muscle, constituting its perimysium; upper 
part, a portion of pelvic fascia. 0. fora'men, a large 
opening of oval or triangular form in the anterior 
part of the os innominatum, on the outside of the 
symphysis pubis and beneath the horizontal ramus 
of the os pubis. This foramen is closed by a mem- 
branous ligament. 0. groove, deep oblique furrow 
on under surfaces of horizontal ramus of pubis for O. 
vessels and nerves. 0. her'nia, hernia through O. 
foramen. 0. lig'ament or mem'brane, Subpubic 
membrane, a fibrous membrane fixed to the whole 
circumference of the obturator foramen, except 
above, where an opening remains for the passage of 
the vessels and nerves of the same name. 0. mus'- 
cles, two in number: 1. 0. externus, situate at the 
anterior and inner part of the thigh. It is broad, 
flat, and triangular; attached on the one hand to the 
anterior surface of the os pubis, to that of the ischium, 
and to the anterior surface of the obturator ligament. 
Its fleshy fibres converge to the tendon inserted at 
the inferior part of the cavity of the great trochanter; 
it rotates the thigh outward. 2. 0. Internus, situate al- 
most entirely in the pelvis, arises from the inner sur- 
face of the obturator ligament, and from the posterior 
part of the circumference of the obturator foramen, 
763 
OCCIPITAL 
inserted by means of a strong tendon running 
between the two portions of the gemini into the 
cavity at the root of the great trochanter, after hav- 
ing turned upon the ischium, which forms for it a kind 
of pulley; it also rotates the thigh outward. 0. nerve 
proceeds principally from the 2d and 3d lumbar 
nerves, descends into the pelvis, gains the obturator 
foramen, gives branches to the obturator muscles, and 
divides, behind the abductor primus and pectinalis, 
into two branches : anterior, whose branches are dis- 
tributed to the first two adductors, gracilis, and in- 
teguments ; posterior, distributing its ramifications to 
the obturator externus and third adductor. 0. nerve, 
accessory, see Accessory obturator nerve. 0. plex'us, 
formed by veins surrounding O. foramen ; discharges 
through O. vein. 0. tu'bercles, eminences on either 
side of the obturator groove when the O. membrane 
expands over it. The posterior or superior is where 
the edge of the acetabulum meets the O. foramen; the 
anterior or inferior is on the descending ramus of the 
pubis. 0. vein has, ordinarily, the same arrangement 
as the artery. It is common, however, to find it aris- 
ing from the epigastric; while the corresponding 
artery proceeds from the hypogastric, and conversely. 
Obturatores, ob-tu-rah-to'rees. Obturator muscles. 
Ob'turatory bur'sa. Bursa under tendon of inter- 
nal obturator. 
Obtusion, ob-tu'zhun {pbtundo, obtusum, to blunt). 
Blunting of acuteness of sensation, as by disease. 
Obvolventia, ob-vol-ven'she-ah (pbvolvo, to cover 
over). Demulcents. 
Oc, as a prefix. See Ob. 
O'ca. Oxalis tuberosa. 
Ocab. Sal ammoniac. 
Occaecatio, ok-se-kah'she-o (oc, csecus, blind). Blind- 
ness. 
Occasional cuta'neous nerve. An occasional 
branch of obturator nerve, descending along border 
of sartorius to inner side of knee, communicating 
with internal saphenous nerve. Many other nerves, 
arteries, and veins are occasional, but do not receive 
that distinctive name.' 
Occipital, ok-sip'it-al {occiput). Belonging to the 
occiput. 0. angle, one indicating inclination of 
plane of foramen magnum, either with reference to 
line from opisthion to lower border of orbit (Dauben- 
ton), from opisthion to nasion or basion to nasion 
(Broca), or with reference to basicranial axis; see 
Angles of Deschamps, Orbito-occipital angle, Basilar 
angles. That between lines drawn from inion to 
lambda and to opisthion (Lissauer). Also postero- 
superior angle of parietal bone. 0. arc, arc measured 
on the surface from lambda to opisthion. 0. a'rea, see 
Areas of skull. 0. ar'tery arises from the posterior 
part of the external carotid, beneath the parotid; 
proceeds backward, passes between the mastoid pro- 
cess and the transverse process of the atlas; reaches 
the occipital bone, and divides into two branches, 
ascending posterior and anterior, distributed to the 
neighboring muscles and ligaments. 0. ar'tery of 
the brain, branch of posterior cerebral supplying oc- 
cipital lobe. 0. bone, situate at the posterior and 
inferior part of the cranium, which it assists in 
forming. It is flat, symmetrical, and curved upon 
itself. It presents-1. An occipital or posterior sur- 
face, which is convex, and has, upon the median line, 
the basilary surface, the foramen magnum-through 
which passes the spinal marrow with its membranes 
and vessels-the external occipital crest, the external 
occipital protuberance; and, at the sides, the upper 
curved line, large rough arched ridge, or transverse 
arch, the lower curved line, the posterior condy- 
loid fossae, the condyles for the articulation of this 
bone with the atlas, and the anterior condyloid fossae, 
pierced by a foramen for the passage of the ninth pair 
of nerves. 2. A. cerebral or anterior surface. On. the 
median line are the basilary fossae, the inner orifice 
of the foramen magnum, the internal occipital crest, 
the internal occipital protuberance, the cruciform 
spine, a channel which lodges the termination of 
the straight sinus, and, on each side, the occipital OCCIPITAL 
fossae-superior or cerebral and inferior or cerebel- 
lous, and separated by a groove which lodges the 
lateral sinus. 3. The surfaces of the occipital bone 
are separated by four ridges and four angles. Two 
superior edges articulate with the parietal bones; the 
two lower join the temporal; and the anterior angle, 
the basilary process, is united to the sphenoid. In 
extremely rare cases Hyrtl found a flat eminence, 
about the size of a hazelnut, at the occipital inser- 
tion of the rectus capitis lateralis, containing cells 
which communicated with those of the mastoid 
process, termed pneumatic occipital bone. 0. convolu- 
tions, situate upon occipital lobe of brain. On the 
convex surface are three, the superior, middle, and 
inferior, or first, second, and third. The cuneate lobule, 
a triangular lobule seen on median aspect, belongs to 
the first. These connect, by small annectant convo- 
lutions, with convolutions of the frontal and temporo- 
sphenoidal lobes; they are united posteriorly by the 
descending convolution, which is C-shaped and em- 
braces the forked extremity of the calcarine fissure. 
Upon the tentorial surface the following convolutions 
pass without notable change into those of the lobes 
lying in front: Superior occipito-temporal, lying between 
calcarine and collateral fissures, and continuous in 
front with the uncinate convolution; the inferior oc- 
cipito-temporal lies between the collateral fissure and 
inferior temporal sulcus, and extends from posterior 
extremity of the hemisphere to near the anterior ex- 
tremity of the temporo-sphenoidal lobe. 0. diam'eter, 
maximum, diameter of skull from asterion to aste- 
rion. 0. em'issary vein, small branch occasionally 
originating from torcular Herophili, passing through 
a foramen in occipital protuberance to one of the 
occipital veins. 0. font'anelle, see Fontanelle. 0. 
fora'men, foramen magnum. 0. fos'sae, concavities 
on cerebral surface of O. bone; superior or cerebral 
and inferior or cerebellar. 0. glands, suboccipital 
glands. 0. groove, depression on mastoid portion of 
temporal bone for O. artery. 0. line of Daub'enton, 
see Daubenton, line of. 0. lobe, postero-inferior portion 
of hemispheres; pyramidal in shape, with convex, 
medial, and tentorial surfaces; upon the medial sur- 
face, bounded by the parieto-occipital sulcus; on the 
convex surface, less distinctly by the transverse oc- 
cipital, or, according to some, anterior occipital sulcus; 
upon the tentorial surface it passes into the temporal 
lobe. 0. lob'ule, cuneate lobule. 0. mus'cle, many 
anatomists have given this name to the posterior fas- 
ciculus of the occipitofrontalis. 0. nerves. The great 
occipital nerve, internal branch of posterior division 
of second cervical, supplies complexus and skin of O. 
region. The small occipital nerve, branch of cervical 
plexus, derived from second and third cervicals, as- 
cending along posterior border of sterno-mastoid to 
region behind the ear, supplying the integument. A 
portion sometimes arises separately from the plexus, 
and is distributed to the region of the mastoid pro- 
cess, sometimes called the second small occipital 
nerve. The internal branch of the posterior division 
of the third cervical sometimes pierces the trapezius 
and ramifies in the integument over the occipital 
protuberance; is then known as the third small 
occipital nerve. 0. point, point on occipital bone 
and in mesial plane farthest removed from the gla- 
bella. Also point of spherical field of regard behind 
the head, diametrically opposed to the principal 
fixation point. 0. pole, rounded end of occipital 
lobe of cerebrum. 0. protu'berances, two prominent 
elevations on O. bone : external, at junction of supe- 
rior curved lines and O. crest, gives attachment to 
ligamentum nuchse; internal, on inner surface in 
nearly corresponding situation, at intersection of the 
internal O. crest with the transverse ridge, to which 
the tentorium is attached. 0. re'gion, occiput. 0. 
sec'tor, area in median plane of skull between lines 
drawn from hormion to lambda and inion (Lissauer). 
0. si'nus, passage for venous blood within falx cer- 
ebelli, extending from posterior spinal veins to torcu- 
lar Herophili; sometimes double. 0. sul'ci, furrows 
on convex surface of 0. lobes of brain. Anterior o. 
764 
OCCIPITOHYOID MUSCLE 
s., running obliquely upward and backward from prse- 
occipital notch; placed by some in parietal lobe. In- 
ferior o. s., near lateral edge of O. lobe. Middle o. s., 
slight and inconstant, about midway between the 
other two. Transverse o. s., directed outwardly from a 
little behind parieto-occipital fissure; believed to be ho- 
mologous with external perpendicular fissure of ape's 
brain. 0. tri'angles, measurements of O. region pro- 
posed by Weicker. Superior o. t., base, biparietal di- 
ameter, apex at inion. Inferior o. t., base, bimastoid 
diameter, apex at inion. Lateral o. triangles are 
triangles between these. 0. vein, its roots follow 
exactly the course of the branches of the artery, and 
unite into a single trunk which opens into the in- 
ternal jugular vein, and sometimes into the external. 
0. ver'tebra, O. bone, so called with reference to 
vertebral theory of the skull. See Cranial vertebrse. 
Occipita'lis. Subcutaneous muscle of occipital 
region, rising from superior curved line of O. bone, 
inserted into the epicranial aponeurosis. 0. ma'jor 
nerve, see Occipital nerves. 0. mi'nor, 0. transver'- 
sus, muscle frequently found arising from inner por- 
tion of superior curved line of O. bone, proceeding 
outward to be inserted upon tendon of the sterno- 
mastoid muscle or upon the bone. 
Occipitium, ok-sip-ish'e-um. Occiput. 
Occipito-atloid, ok-sip'it-o-at'loid. Having refer- 
ence to the occiput and atlas. O.-a. or Occip'ito- 
atlan'tal articula'tion is the articulation of the con- 
dyles of the occipital bone with the superior articular 
cavities of the atlas. It is strengthened by two lig- 
aments, the one anterior, the other posterior, called 
occipito-atloid or occipito-atlantal ligaments; the one 
extends from the anterior, the other from the posterior, 
arch of the atlas to the corresponding portion of the 
circumference of the foramen magnum. 
Occipito-axoid (ok-sip-it-o-aks'oid) or Occipito-ax'- 
ial. Relating to the occipital bone and the axis or 
second vertebra. O.-a. articula'tion, the connection 
of the occipital bone with the axis or second vertebra, 
although these bones are not really articulated, but 
are merely retained in apposition by three strong 
ligaments, the posterior of which is called occipito- 
axoid or occipito-axial, and the two others odontoid. 
Some describe two layers-superficial or posterior 
common ligament; deep, occipito-cervical, or cervico- 
basilar. 
Occipitobregmatic, ok-sip-it-o-breg-mat'ik. Re- 
lating to the occiput and bregma. 
Occipitocervical, ok-sip-it-o-surv'i-kal. Relating 
to the occiput and neck. 
Occipitocotyloid, ok-sip-it-o-kot'il-oid. With the 
occiput directed toward the acetabulum of the mother; 
said of position assumed by the foetus. 
Occipitofrontal, ok-sip-it-o-fron'tal. Relating to 
occipital and frontal regions. 0. aponeuro'sis, epi- 
cranial aponeurosis. 0. diam'eter, distance between 
the occipital and frontal protuberances; about 4| 
inches in foetus at term. 
Occipitofrontalis, ok-sip-it-o-fron-tal'is. Occipital 
muscle. The majority of anatomists call by this name 
the whole of the fleshy plane, with the epicranial or 
coronal aponeurosis which covers the head from the 
occiput to the forehead; attached by its posterior 
fasciculus to the two outer thirds of the upper curved 
line of the occipital bone, and to the outer surface 
of the mastoid portion of the temporal; and by its 
anterior fasciculus terminates at the eyebrow, where 
it becomes confounded with the superciliaris, pyram- 
idalis nasi, and orbicularis palpebrarum. By the 
contraction of its anterior fasciculus it draws forward 
a part of the integuments of the cranium. It wrinkles 
the skin of the forehead transversely, and may also 
contribute to open the eye by its decussation with the 
orbicularis palpebrarum. The posterior fasciculus 
draws backward a part of the skin of the cranium, 
and assists in stretching the common aponeurosis. 
Occipitohsemal (ok-sip-it-o-he'mal) arch. Pectoral 
arch. 
Occipitohy'oid mus'cle. An anomalous muscle, 
apparently an appendage to the digastric and stylo- OCCIPITOLATERAL 
hyoid, arising from the O. bone; passing over the 
sterno-cleido-mastoid to insertion upon the hyoid 
bone. 
Occipitolateral, ok-sip-it-o-lat'er-al. Occipitocot- 
yloid. 
Occipitomastoid, ok-sip-it-o-mas'toid. Relating to 
the occipital bone and the mastoid process; as the 
Occipitomastoid suture, situate between the occipital 
bone and the mastoid process of the temporal bone. 
Occipitomeningeal, ok-sip-it-o-men-in'je-al. Be- 
longing to the occipital bone and to the dura mater. 
0. ar'tery, a branch of the vertebral given off to the 
dura mater at its entrance into the cranium. 
Occipitomen'tal diam'eter. Distance from pos- 
terior fontanelle to the chin; about 5J inches in foetus 
at term. 
Occipito-odontoid, ok-sip'it-o-o-don'toid. Relating 
to the occipital bone and odontoid process of atlas. 
Occipitoparietal, ok-sip-it-o-par-i'e-tal. Relating to 
the occipital and parietal bones. See Lambdoid. 
Occipitopetrosal, ok-sip-it-o-pe-tro'sal. Relating 
to the occipital bone and petrous portion of temporal 
bone. 
Occipitopharyngeus, ok-sip-it-o-far-in-je'us. Su- 
pernumerary muscle arising from basilar process of 
O. bone, inserted into the pharyngeal wall. 
Occipitoposterior, ok-sip-it-o-pos-te're-or. With 
the occiput directed toward the sacrum of the mother; 
said of position assumed by the foetus. 
Occipitoscapula'ris. Rhombo-occipitalis. 
Occipitostaphylinus, ok-sip-it-o-staf-il-e'nus. Por- 
tion of superior constrictor of pharynx arising from 
pterygoid process, palate-bone, or soft palate, passing 
backward to be inserted upon the occipital bone. 
Occipitotem'poral. Relating to occipital and tem- 
poral regions. 0. convolutions, those common to 
occipital and temporal lobes. Two, situate on the 
ventral surface, known as medial, internal, or supe- 
rior o. c., also as fifth temporal c., inferior internal 
temporal c., lobulus lingualis, and lateral, external, or 
inferior o. c.; also the fourth temporal c., middle in- 
ternal c., lobulus fusiformis. 0. sul'cus, collateral 
fissure. 
Occiput, ok'sip-ut (oc, caput, the head). Back part 
of the head, formed by the occipital bone. 0., soft, 
softening, and consequent thinness, of the occipital 
bone. 
Occlusion, ok-klu'zhun (occludo, to shut up). Some- 
times signifies simply the transient approximation 
of the edges of a natural opening, occlusion of the 
eyelids, for example; at others synonymous with im- 
perforation, as occlusion of the pupil, vagina, etc. 0. of 
the intes'tines, any modification in the calibre of the 
intestinal canal which may be sufficient to arrest the 
progress of alimentary and. fecal matters. See Ileus, 
Imperforation, etc. 
Occult (ok-kult') diseases. See Latent. 
Occupation neuro'ses. Nervous disorders charac- 
terized by spasmodic symptoms upon attempting the 
movements peculiar to an habitual occupation; see 
Milker's, Telegrapher's, Writer's cramp, etc. 
Oc'ellated. Having eyes (ocelli being the eyes of 
insects). 
Ochema, ok-a'mah. Vehicle. 
Ocheteumata, ok-e-tu-mat'ah (ocheteuma, canal). 
Nares. 
Ochetos, ok'et-os. Canal. 
Ocheuma, ok-u'mah (ocheuma). Coition; fecunda- 
tion. 
Ocheus, ok'us {echo, to hold). Scrotum. 
Ochlesls, ok-la'sis {ochlos, a crowd). Orowd-poison- 
ing. A morbid condition induced by the crowding to- 
gether of sick persons under one roof or in the same 
apartment. 
Ochlodes, ok-lo'dees. Keratoconus. 
Ochre, o'ker. See Hiematites. 
Ochrea, ok're-ah {ochros, pale). Ochre; also Abel- 
moschus esculentus. 0. fer'ri ru'brica, chalk, red. 
0. ru'bra, red ochre; haematites. 0. ru'bra creta'- 
cea, chalk, red. 
Qchriasis, ok-re'as-is. Paleness, 
OCULONASAL NERVE 
Ochroma, ok-ro'mah. Paleness. 0. lagopus, cork- 
wood tree, native of tropical America, possessing 
mucilaginous and antisyphilitic properties. 
Ochronosis, ok-ron'os-is. Yellow staining of tissues. 
Ochropyra, ok-rop'ir-ah (ochros, pale, pur, fever). 
Yellow fever. 
Och'rotes. Paleness. 
Ochrotyphus, ok-ro-ti'fus (typhus). Yellow fever. 
Ochrozia (ok-ro'ze-ah) Bourbon'ica. Isle of 
Bourbon yellow wood; tree whose wood is extremely 
bitter; leaves possess tonic and febrifuge properties. 
Ochthe, ok'the. Margin of an ulcer. 
Ochthiasis, ok-the'as-is (ochthos, a hill, a protuber- 
ance). Molluscum. 
Ochthodes, ok-tho'des. Callous. 
Ocimum (o'sim-um) adscen'dens (okus, swift, owing 
to its swift growth). O. basilicum. 0. basil'icum, Com- 
mon or Citron basil, ord. Labiatae. This herb has a fra- 
grant odor and aromatic taste; used as a condiment; 
supposed to possess nervine properties. 0. caryo- 
phylla'tum, SmaZZ or Bush basil; possesses properties 
similar to the former; sometimes used as snuff. 0. 
citra'tum, O. basilicum. 0. pilo'sum, O. basilicum. 
0. racemo'sum, O. basilicum. 
Ocotea (ok-o-te'ah) ama'ra. Nectandra cymbarum. 
0. cym'barum, Nectandra cymbarum. 0. pichu'rim, 
see Pichurim beans. 0. puchu'ry, see Pichurim beans. 
Ocrea, o'kre-ah. Hippocampus minor ; shin. 
Octana, ok-tan'ah (octo, eight). Hebdomadaria; 
a fever with weekly paroxysms, a suppositious case. 
Octarius, ok-tah're-us (octo, eight). A pint, the 
eighth part of a wine-gallon; contains sixteen fluid- 
ounces (Ph. U. S.), twenty fluidounces imperial meas- 
ure. See Weights. The symbol of a pint is 0. 
Oc'topus (octo, pous, foot). Monster with eight ex- 
tremities. 0. synapheocephalus, hemipages. 
Octoroon, ok-to-roon'. Offspring of the white and 
quadroon. See Mulatto. 
Octunx, ok'tunks (octo, eight, uncia, an ounce). A 
weight of eight ounces. 
Ocu'ba wax. Vegetable wax obtained by boiling 
the berries of myristica. 
Ocular, ok'u-lar (oculus, eye). Of or belonging to 
the eye. 0. cone, cone formed within the eye by a 
pencil of rays proceeding from an object, the base of 
the cone being on the cornea, the apex on the retina. 
0. mus'cles, see Oblique muscles of the eye, Recti muscles 
of the eye, etc. 0. sheath, loose tissue from apex of 
orbit to diameter of eyeball. 0. spec'trum, see Spec- 
trum. 
Oculares communes, ok-u-lar'ees kom-mu'nees. 
Motores oculorum. 0. den/tes, canine teeth. 
Ocularia, ok-u-lar'e-ah (oculus). Euphrasia offici- 
nalis. 
Ocularis, ok-u-lar'is. Ocular. 0. commu'nis, 
motor oculi communis. 
Oc'uli cancrorum, kank-ro'rum. Crabs' eyes. 0. 
marmarygo'des, metamorphopsia. 0. palpebra'rum 
scab'ies prurigino'sa, see Ophthalmia tarsi. 
Oculi'na virgin'ea. White coral. See Coral. 
Oc'ulist. One who devotes himself to the treat- 
ment of diseases of the eyes. 
Oculofrontal rugae, ok-u-lo-fron'tal ru'ge. Wrin- 
kles above the root of the nose, caused by the corru- 
gator supercilii, said to be expressive of internal pain 
or mental anguish. 
Oculomotor, ok-u-lo-mo'tor. Effecting movement of 
the eye. 0. nerve, third cranial; motor nerve for all 
muscles of the eye save superior oblique and exter- 
nal rectus. It arises from nucleus under floor of Syl- 
vian aqueduct, emerging on inner side of crus cerebri 
just in front of the pons, and leaves the cranium 
through the sphenoidal fissure. 0. nerve, exter'nal, 
abducent nerve. 0. nu'cleus, origin of O. nerve, ex- 
tends from nucleus of fourth, with which it is contin- 
uous, to posterior cerebral commissure. 0. sul cus, 
see Pendicular sulcus. 
Oculomotorius, ok-u-lo-mo-to're-us. Motor oculi., 
Oculomuscular (ok-u-lo-mus'ku-lar) nerves, com - 
mon. Motores oculorum. 
Oculona'sal nerve. Nasal nerve, 
765 OCULOPUPILLARY 
Oculopupillary, ok-u-lo-pu'pil-lah-re. Eelating to 
the pupil of the eye. 
Oculospinal, ok-u-lo-spi'nal. Belonging to the eye 
and the spine, as the oculospinal axis, ciliospinal axis, 
a portion of the spinal cord-probably from the fifth 
cervical to the twelfth dorsal vertebrae-partial divis- 
ion of which afiects the size of the pupils, the vascu- 
larization of the eyes, etc. 
Oculozymot'ic line. Furrow extending from in- 
ternal angle of the eye to below the malar eminence. 
See Jadelot's lines. 
Oculum movens primus, ok'u-lum mo'vens pre'- 
mus. Eectus internus oculi. 0. mo'vens quar'tus, 
rectus inferior oculi. 0. mo'vens secun'dus, rectus 
externus oculi. 0. mo'vens ter'tins, rectus superior 
oculi. 
Oculus, ok'u-lus. Eye. 0. bovi'nus or bu'- 
bulus, hydrophthalmia. 0. bo'vis, Chrysanthe- 
mum leucanthemum. 0. bu'bulus, O bovinus. 0. 
cses'ius, glaucoma. 0. du'plex, binoculus. 0. 
elephanti'nus, hydrophthalmia, 0. ge'nu, patella. 
0. lac'rymans, epiphora. 0. lepori'nus, lagophthal- 
mia. 0. o'vi, cicatricula. 0. purulen'tus, hypopyon. 
0. sim'plex, see Monoculus. 0. typho'nis, scilla. 
O'cy (ofcws, quick). In composition, quick. 
Ocymum, o'sim-um. See Ocimum. 0. sylves'tre, 
Clinopodium vulgare. 
Ocyodinic, o-se-o-din'ik (ocy, odin, labor-pain). 
Ocytocic; oxytocic. 
Ocyphonous, o-sif'o-nus {phonos, murder). An agent 
that kills speedily. 
Ocytoceus, os-it-o'se-us. Ocytocic. 
Ocytocic, os-it-os'ik (ocy, tokos, labor). Ocyodinic. 
Anything that expedites parturition. 
Ocytocious, os-it-os'e-ous {ocutokios'). Ocytocic. 
Ocytocus, os-it'ok-us. A quick or easy labor. 
0. D. Abbv. for oculus dexter, right eye. Also 
abbv. for optic disk. 
Od. A term applied by Eeichenbach to designate 
an effective force which, according to him, not only 
manifests itself in contact with man, as in the case 
of magnets, crystals, the hands, etc., but also at dis- 
tances, as from the sun, moon, and stars; indeed, 
from all matter. Such a force he termed Odic. 
0. D. A. Abbv. for occipito-dexter-anterior-i. e. 
right occipito-anterior position of foetus in labor. 
Odaxesmus, o-daks-ez'mus. Odaxismus. 
Odaxetic, o-daks-et'ik. Biting; gnawing. 
Odaxismus, o-daks-iz'mus {odaxo, to bite). A sen- 
sation of biting or pricking, as that in the gums pre- 
ceding the appearance of the teeth. Biting of the 
tongue during an attack of epilepsy. 
Odes, o'dees. A suffix, at times having the signifi- 
cation of oid, but generally indicating, like osus in 
Latin terms, "consisting of" or "full of." 
Od'ic. See Od. 
O'din. Pain. 
Odinagogue, o-din'a-gog {odin, ago, to lead). See 
Ocytocic. 
Odinolyontous, o-din-o-le-on'tus. Anodyne. 
Odinolysis, o-din-ol'is-is {odin, lusis, solution). 
Mitigation of labor-pains. 
Odinopceia, o-din-o-pe'e-ah {odin, poieo, to make). 
Agents that excite or encourage labor-pains. 
O'dis. Pain; labor. 
Od'me. Odor. 
Odontaganactesis, o-don-tag-an-ak-ta'sis. Odon- 
tochesis. 
Odontagma, o-don-tag'mah. Odontoclasis. 
Odontagogon, o-dont-ag-o'gon {odonto, ago, to draw). 
Dentagra. 
Odontagra, o-don'tag-rah {odonto, agra, a seizure). 
A rheumatic or gouty pain in the teeth. Tooth forceps. 
Odontalgia, o-don-tal'je-ah {odontalgia, odonto, algos, 
pain). Toothache, Odontia. A disease dependent upon 
a variety of causes affecting the cavity of the tooth, 
generally owing to caries, which exposes the cavity 
to the action of the air and to extraneous matters in 
general. Hence the treatment consists in plugging 
the tooth or destroying the sensibility of the nerve 
by powerful stimulants, and, if these means fail, in 
766 
ODONTODIARRHCEA 
extracting the tooth. 0. cario'sa, dental gangrene. 
0. dentitio'nis, dentition. 0. hsemo'dia, great sen- 
sibility of the teeth; toothedge. 0. nervo'sa, neural- 
gia of the teeth, characterized by periodical pain, 
shooting with the utmost violence along the branches 
of the fifth pair distributed to the affected jaw. 0. 
remit'tens et intermit'tens, infra-orbitar neuralgia. 
Odontalgic, o-don-tal'jik. Antiodon talgic; pertain- 
ing to toothache. 
Odontamblyogmus, o-don-tam-hle-og'mus (odonto, 
amblus, blunt). Great sensibility of the teeth; tooth- 
edge. 
Odontapotribe (o-dont-ap-ot'rib-e) or Odontapo- 
tripsis, o-dont-ap-o-trip'sis. Condition in which teeth 
are worn superficially. 
Odontatrophy, o-dont-at'ro-fe (odonto, atrophia, 
atrophy). Atrophy of the teeth. 
Odontelephas, o-dont-el'ef-as. Dentine. 
Odonterismus, o-dont-er-iz'mus. Chattering of the 
teeth. 
Odonteuros, o-dont-u'ros. Caries of the teeth. 
Odontheeinodia, o-dont-he-mo'de-ah. Great sensi- 
bility of the teeth ; toothedge. 
Odontharpaga, o-dont-har'pag-ah (odonfo, harpazo, 
to lay hold of). Toothache. 
Odonthercos, o-dont-hur'kus. Set of teeth. 
Odonthyalophthora, o-dont-he-al-o-tho'rah (odonto, 
hualos, enamel, phthora, corruption). Destruction of 
the enamel of the teeth. 
Odonthypersesthesis, o-dont-hip-er-ees-the'sis. Hse- 
modia. 
Odontia, o-don'she-ah. Odontalgia. 0. defor'mis, 
deformity of the teeth from error of shape, position, 
or number. 0. dentitio'nis lactan'tium, see Denti- 
tion (first). 0. dentitio'nis pueril'is, see Dentition 
(second). 0. edent'ula, see Nefrendes. 0. excres'- 
cens, epulis. 0. incrus'tans, tartar of the teeth. 
0. stupo'ris, hsemodia. 
Odontiasis, o-don-te'as-is. Dentition. 
Odontiater, o-dont-e-at'ur (odonto, iatros, physician). 
Dentist. 
Odontiatria, o-dont-e-at-re'ah. Dentistry. 
Odontic, o-don'tik. Antiodontalgic. 
Odontitis, o-don-te'tis (odonto, itis). Inflammation 
of the teeth. 0. infan'tum, inflammatory condition 
of the teeth and gums attending the first appearance 
of teeth in the young child. 
Odonto, o-don'to (odous, tooth). In composition, 
tooth. 
Odon'to-atlan'tal articula'tion. Pivot-joint be- 
tween odontoid process of axis and anterior arch of 
atlas. 
Odontoblasts, o-don'to-blasts (odonto, blastema). A 
layer of large cells, of elongated form, constituting 
the external layer of the dental pulp, and forming a 
kind of columnar epithelium. See Membrana eboris 
and Jf. prieformativa. 
Odontobothritis, o-don-to-both-re'tis (odontoboth- 
rium, itis). Inflammation of the alveoli. 
Odontobothrium, o-don-to-both're-um (odonto, both- 
rion, a small pit). Alveolus. 
Odontoceramic, o-don-to-se-ram'ik (odonto, Iceramos, 
potter's earth). Relating or appertaining to porcelain 
teeth, as the odontoceramic art, odontoceramotechny, 
the art of making porcelain teeth. 
Odontoceramotechny, o-don-to-se-ram-o-tek'ne. See 
Odontoceramic. 
Odontochalix, o-don-tok'al-iks. Dental cement. 
Odontochirurgical, o-don-to-ki-rur'gik-al. Relating 
or appertaining to the surgery of the teeth. 
Odontoclasts, o-don-to-kla'sis (odonto, klasis, frac- 
ture). Fracture of a tooth. 
Odontocnesis, o-don-to-na'sis (odonto, lenesis, itch- 
ing). Sensation preceding cutting of teeth. Odaxis- 
mus. 
Odontocnesmus, o-don-to-nez'mus. Odaxismus. 
Odontocoxnium, o-don-to-ko'me-um. Dental hos- 
pital. 
Odontodes, o-don-to'dees. Odontoid. 
Odontodiarrhoea, o-don-to-di-ar-rhe'ah. Diarrhoea 
caused by dentition. ODONTODYNIA 
Odontodynia, o-don-to-din'e-ah (odonto, odune, pain). 
Odontalgia. 
Odontogeny, o-don-toj'en-e (odonto, genesis, genera- 
tion). Generation or mode of development of the 
teeth. 
Odontoglyphon (o-dont-og'lif-on) or Odontog'ly- 
phum (odonto, glupho, to hollow). Gum lancet. 
Odontography, o-dont-og'ra-fe (odonto, graphs, a 
description). Description of the teeth. 
Odontoid, o-dont'oid (odonto, eidos, shape, resem- 
blance). Having the shape or appearance of a 
tooth. An epithet given to the processus dentatus 
of the second vertebra or axis; a separate bone in 
amphibia. 0. lig'aments, Check ligaments, two strong 
and short conical fasciculi whose truncated summits 
embrace the sides of the odontoid process, and whose 
bases are fixed in the fossae at the inner side of the 
condyles of the occipital bone. Their direction is 
obliquely outward and slightly upward. They enter 
into the composition of the occipito-axoid articulation, 
strengthen the junction of the head with the verte- 
bral column, and limit the movement of rotation of 
the atlas on the axis. Other ligamentous fibres pass 
from the highest portion of the processus dentatus to 
the anterior margin of the foramen magnum of the 
occipital bone, constituting the Ligamentum suspenso- 
rium dentis. 0. pro'cess, see Axis. 
Odontolith, o-dou'to-lith (odonto, lithos, a stone). 
A sort of incrustation of a yellowish color which 
forms at the coronae of the teeth, and is called Tartar. 
It consists of seventy-nine parts of phosphate of lime, 
twelve and a half of mucus, one of a particular 
salivary matter, and seven and a half of animal sub- 
stance, soluble in chlorohydric acid. A species of 
infusoria, Denticoli hominis, has been found in it. 
Odontolithus, o-don-tol'ith-us. Odontolith. 
Odontology, o-don-tol'o-je (odonto, logos, a discourse). 
Odontologia. A treatise on the teeth. 
Odontoloxia, o-dont-o-loks'e-ah (odonto, loxos, 
oblique). Irregularity and obliquity of the teeth. 
Odontol'oxy. Odontoloxia. 
Odontoma, o-don-to'mah (odonto, oma). Odontome. 
Ivory exostoses of the teeth, the molars especially, 
composed of hypertrophied dentine, and resulting 
from morbid conditions of the pulp. Broca divides 
them into Odontomata embryoplastica, 0. odontoplastica, 
0. coronaria, and 0. radicularia. Tumor connected 
with the teeth, or composed of the same tissue as the 
teeth. 
Odontomerion, o-dont-o-mer'e-on. Taenia dentata. 
Odontomys, o-dont'om-is. Tooth pulp. 
Odontonecrosis, o-dont-o-ne-kro'sis. Dental gan- 
grene. 
Odontonosology. Treatise on diseases of the teeth. 
Odontoparallax'is (odonto, parallaxis, deviation). 
Irregularity and obliquity of the teeth. 
Odontop'athy. Abnormal or pathological condition 
of the teeth. 
Odontoperios'teum. Periodontium. 
Odontophatne, o-dont-o-fat'ne (odonto, phatne, a crib, 
a stall). Alveolus. 
Odontophatnitis (odontophatne). Odontobothritis. 
Odontophlegmone, o-dont-o-fleg'mon-e. Odontitis. 
Odontophyia, o-dont-o-fe'e-ah (odonto, phuo, to 
grow). Dentition. 
Odontopiester, o-dont-o-pe-est'ur. Instrument de- 
signed for relief of toothache by pressure. 
Odontoplerosis, o-dont-o-ple-ro'sis (odonto, pleroo, to 
fill). See Filling. 
Odontoprisis, o-dont-o-pre'sis (odonto, prisis, gnash- 
ing of teeth). Grinding of the teeth, noticed espe- 
cially in children, but not necessarily a symptom of 
gastric derangement. 
Odontorrhage, o-dont-or'rhaj-e. Hemorrhage from 
the teeth. 
Odontorrheumalgy, o-dont-or-rhume-al'je. Rheu- 
matic toothache. 
Odontorrhine, o-dont-or-rhin'e. Tooth rasp, lancet, 
or pick. 
Odontorrhiza, o-dont-or-rhe'zah (odonto, rhiza, root). 
See Tooth. 
767 
CECIOMANIA 
Odontorrhizophthisis, o-dont-or-riz-o-te'sis. Caries 
of dental root. 
Odontoschisis, o-dont-os'kis-is. Splitting of tooth. 
Odontoschisma, o-dont-o-siz'mah. Fissured con- 
dition of a tooth. 
Odontosei'sis or Odontoseismus, o-dont-o-size'mus 
(odonto, seisis, shaking). Looseness of the teeth. 
Odontosis, o-dont-o'sis. Dentition ; odontogeny. 
Odontosmegma, o-dont-o-smeg'mah (odonto, smegma, 
a detersive substance). Dentifrice. 
Odontospasmus, o-dont-o-spaz'mus (odous, tooth, 
spasmos, spasm). Convulsions caused by difficult den- 
tition. 
Odontosphacelisis (o-dont-o-sfas-el'is-is) or Odonto- 
sphacelis'mus (odonto, sphakelos, gangrene). Dental 
gangrene. 
Odontosteophyton, o-dont-ost-e-of'it-on (odous, os- 
teon, bone, phuo, to grow). Excrescence on a tooth of 
an osseous character. 
Odontosteresis, o-dont-o-ster-a'sis (odonto, steresis, 
privation). Loss of the teeth. 
Odontosynerismus, o-dont-o-sin-er-iz'mus (odonto, 
sunerizo, to strike together). Chattering or gnash- 
ing of the teeth. 
Odontotechny, o-dont-o-tek'ne (odonto, techne, art). 
Dentistry. 
Odontotheca, o-dont-o-the'kah (odonto, theke, a 
sheath). Dental follicle. 
Odontotherapia, o-dont-o-ther-ap-e'ah (odonto, ther- 
apeia, healing). Dentistry; care and treatment of 
the teeth. 
Odontother'apy. Odontotherapia. 
Odontothryp'sis or Odontotrimma, od-ont-o-trim'- 
mah (odonto, tribo, to rub). Dentirice. 
Odontotripsis, o-dont-o-trip'sis (odonto, tripsis, fric- 
tion). Abrasion or wearing away of the teeth. 
Odontrypy, o-don'tre-pe (odonto, trupao, to perfo- 
rate). Odontotrypy, Odontotrypia. Operation of per- 
forating a tooth to evacuate purulent matter confined 
in the cavity of the pulp. 
O'dor. Odour, Odme, Osme; a smell. Odors are 
subtle particles constantly escaping from the surface 
of certain bodies, hence called odorous. They act in 
some manner by actual contact with the nerves of 
the Schneiderian membrane, and give occasion to the 
sense of smell or olfaction. 
Odoramen'tum (from odor). Scent; perfume. 
Odoratio, o-dor-ah'she-o. Olfaction. 
Odora'tus. Olfaction. 0. deperd'itus, anosmia. 
0. perver'tus, anosmia. 
Odorif'erous. Carrying or bearing an odor. 0. 
glands, see Sebaceous glands. 
Odorif'erum (odor, fero, to carry). Medicine that 
gives odor or flavor; scent, perfume. 
Odoroscope, o'dor-o-skope (odor, skopeo, to view). 
Device for testing odors. 
O'dorous. See Odor. 
O'dos. Way. 
O'dour. Odor. 
O'dous. See Teeth. 
0. D. P. Abbv. for occipito-dextra-posterior-i. e. 
right occipitoposterior position of foetus in labor. 
O'Dyer's method. Intubation of the larynx. 
Odyle, o'dil. See Od. 
Odyne, od'in-e (pain). A very common suffix to 
words, as in Pleurodyne. 
Odyne'ma. Odyne. 
Odynephatous, o-din-ef'at-us (verbally, pain- 
killer). Anodyne. 
Odynephobia, o-din-e-fo'be-ah (odyne, phobeo, to 
fear). Fear or dread of pain. 
Odynephorous, o-din-ef'or-us. Giving rise to pain. 
Odyno'des. Painful. 
Odynphagia, o-din-faj'e-ah (odyne, phago, to eat). 
Pain in swallowing. 
Odynopoetic, o-din-o-po-et'ik (odyne, poieo, to 
make). Dolorific; causing pain. 
CEciomania, e-se-o-man'e-ah (oikeios, belonging to a 
household or family, and mania). Oikeiomania; a 
form of moral insanity characterized by domestic 
perversity; shrewishness, CECOID 
(Ecold, e'koid. Oilcoid. Term applied to red blood- 
corpuscles the haemoglobin of which has been lost. 
(Economia, e-ko-nom'e-ah (oikos, a house, nomos, 
law). Economy. (E. animaTis, physiology. 
(Edal'lens (oideo, to swell). (Edematous. 
(Edal'ius. (Edematous. 
(Edema, e-de'ma (oidema, a swelling). Swelling 
produced by the accumulation of serous fluid in the 
interstices of the areolar texture. This swelling is 
soft, yields under the finger, preserves the impression 
for some time, and is pale and without pain. It pre- 
sents the same character as anasarca, which is general 
oedema. Its etiology and treatment are also the same. 
See Anasarca. CE. acu'tum, see Anasarca. (E. al'gi- 
dum, sclerema neonatorum. (E. arsenica'lis, swell- 
ing of the eyelids and face, induced by continued use 
of the preparations of arsenic. (E. articular'e, hy- 
drarthrosis. (E. cal'idum, see Anasarca. (E. cap'itis, 
hydrocephalus externus. (E. carbunculo'sum, oedema 
malignum. (E. cer'ebri, oedema of the brain ; a con- 
dition of the cerebral pulp in which there is an infil- 
tration of serous fluid into it, so that it appears more 
moist or watery than common, and, when sliced or 
pressed, small drops of water are seen to ooze out. 
(E. compac'tum, induration of the cellular tissue. 
CE., cre'tinoid, myxeedema. (E. cruen'tum, suggilla- 
tion. (E. febri'le, see Anasarca. (E. frig'idum, 
oedema, chronic in character, devoid of pain and cold 
to the touch. (E. fu'gax, transient swelling or infla- 
tion, as in some nervous and hysterical cases. (E. of 
the glot'tis, cedematous laryngitis or angina, a disease 
consisting of serous or seropurulent infiltration into 
the submucous tissue of the glottis. The symptoms 
resemble those of croup, but the disease attacks the 
adult rather than the child. Age is, indeed, a prin- 
cipal means of diagnosis between the two affections. 
The disease is almost always fatal. Treatment varies 
according to the accompanying general symptoms. 
CE., hypostat'ic, oedema due to hypostasis. CE. hys- 
ter'icum, transient swelling or inflation occurring in 
hysteria. (E. indurati'vum, oedema accompanied by 
induration. CE., infec'tious, oedema malignum. (E., 
inflam'matory, exudation of a serous character into 
inflamed tissue. (E., larynge'al, oedema having its ori- 
gin in the larynx or in an inflammation of the laryn- 
geal region. CE. of the lungs, infiltration of serum 
into the tissue of the lung, carried to such an extent 
as to diminish its permeability to air. Not an uncom- 
mon sequela of pneumonia and the major exanthem- 
ata. Respiration is laborious; the respiratory murmur 
scarcely perceptible, although the thorax is largely 
expanded, and there is a slight rdle crepitant, particu- 
larly at the base and inferior part of the lung. Per- 
cussion note is clear, and on both sides equally so. 
Cough is attended with aqueous expectoration. In 
some cases the respiration becomes puerile in a small 
portion of the summit of the lung. (E. malig'num, 
variety of anthrax. (E. neonato'rum, induration of 
the subcutaneous cellular tissue occurring within a 
few days after birth and always fatal. (E. oc'uli, 
hydrophthalmia. (E. oedemato'des, oedema frigidum. 
CE. palpebrarum, hydroblepharon. CE. puerpera'- 
rum, phlegmasia dolens. (E., pul'monary, oedema 
of the lungs. (E. pulmo'num chron'icum, hydro- 
pneumonia. CE., pur'ulent, purulent infiltration. 
(E., ret'inal, presence of liquid in periphery of retina, 
occurring in old people. (E. rheumat'ica, oedema 
caused by rheumatism. (E. scro'tl aquo'sum, watery 
oedema of the scrotum. (E. scro'ti cruen'tum, effu- 
sion of blood into the scrotum. (E. scro'ti purulen'- 
tum, purulent tumefaction of the scrotum. CE. 
scro'ti urino'sum, urocele. CE. sim'plex du'rius, 
phlegmasia alba dolens. CE. spasticum, spasmodic 
transient swelling or inflation. CE. of trichini'asis, 
oedema of different parts of the body due to presence 
of trichinae in the muscles, which destroy the capil- 
laries. (E. u'vulse, staphylcedema. CE. of the womb, 
cedematous infiltration of cell-tissue of cervix, occur- 
ring in pregnancy. 
(Edemat'ia. CEdema. 
(Edematis'chesis. Checking of oedema. 
768 
I CENOTHERA 
(Edematosarca, e-dem-at-o-sar'kah. CEdemosarca. 
(Edematoscheocele, e-dem-at-os-ke-o-se'le (Eng. e- 
de-mat-os'ke-o-seel). Oscheocele with oedema of 
scrotum. 
(Edematostrophe, e-dem-at-ost'ro-fe. Doctrine of 
oedema. 
(Edem'atous. Afflicted with oedema; of the na- 
ture of oedema. 
(Edemerysipelas, e-dem-er-e-sip'el-as. Erysipelas 
characterized by marked oedema. 
(Edemosar'ca {oedema, sarx, flesh). (Edematosarca. 
Species of tumor holding a middle place between 
oedema and sarcoma. 
(Edemosarcoma, e-dem-o-sark-o'mah {oedema, sarx, 
flesh). Tumor of an cedematous and sarcomatous 
character. 
(Edemoscheocele, e-dem-os-ke-o-se'le (Eng. e-dem- 
os'ke-o-seel). (Edematoscheocele. 
(Enanthaldehyde, en-anth-al'de-hide. (Enanthol. 
(Enan'the {oinos, wine, antlios, a flower, its flowers 
smelling like the vine). Hemlock dropwort, Hemlock 
water dropwort. Ord. Umbelliferae. A violent poison 
of the acronarcotic class. Its juice has been recom- 
mended in certain cutaneous diseases, but it is rarely 
used. Employed in fomentations. (E. aquat'ica, 
Phellandrium aquaticum. (E. chaerophyl'li fo'liis, 
cenanthe. (E. croca'ta, oenanthe. CE. phellan'drium, 
Phellandrium aquaticum. (E. stria'ta rig'ida, Seseli 
tortuosum. 
(Enan'thic e'ther. Ethereal liquid, odorous prin- 
ciple of wine. 
(Enanthilic (e-nan'thil-ik) or (Enan'thylic ac'id. 
Oily, acrid, fishy acid, found in rice and corn spirits, 
product of oxidation of cenanthol. (E. al'dehyde, 
cenanthol. 
(Enanthin, e-nan'thin. Acrid emetic principle ob- 
tained from (Enanthe fistulosa. 
(Enanthol, e-nan'thol. Volatile liquid product of 
distillation of castor oil. 
(Enas (e'nas) ofer. Insect belonging to the oil- 
beetles, said to possess vesicant properties similar to 
cantharis. 
CEnelseon, e-nel-e'on {oenos, elaion, oil). A mixture 
of oil and wine. Also rectified spirit or alcohol. 
(Enocarpus, e-no-karp'us {oinos, wine, karpos, fruit). 
Bacaba. Tree of South America from which an oil 
having a sweet taste is obtained. It is mixed with 
olive oil for purposes of adulteration. 
(Eno'des {oenos, odes). Vinous; wine-like. 
(Enoflavin, e-no-flav'in. Matter which gives white 
wines their color. 
(Enogala, e-nog'al-ah {oenos, gala, milk, a mixture 
of wine and milk). According to some, wine as warm 
as new milk. 
(Enog'aron. Wine mixed with garum. 
(Enoides, e-no-e'dees {oenos, eidos, resemblance). Vi- 
nous ; wine-like. 
(Enokrine, e'no-kreen {oinos, wine, krino, to test). 
Prepared paper for testing purity of red wines. 
(Enolature, en-ol'a-ture {oenos). See Vinum. 
CEnolin, e'nol-in. Substance which constitutes color- 
ing matter of grapes and red wine. 
(Enomania, e-no-man'e-ah {oenos, mania). Oinomania. 
Delirium tremens. Properly, wine-mania. An insati- 
able desire for intoxicating liquors, Dipsomania, Meth- 
omania. 
(Enomel, e'no-mel {oenos, mel, honey). Honey wine; 
wine mead. See Hydromel. 
(Enophlygia (e-no-flij'e-ah) or (Enophlyx'is {oenos, 
p/iZwo, to overflow). Temulence; drunkenness. 
(Enorganin, en-org'an-in. CEnolin. 
(Enos. Wine. 
(Enostag'ma {oenos, stagma, drop). Spiritus vini 
rectiflcatus. 
(Enotannin, e-no-tan'nin. Tannin in red wine. 
(Enothera biennis, e-no-tha'rah be-en'nis. Evening 
primrose, Tree primrose, Primrose tree, Cureall, Scabish. 
An indigenous plant common on the borders of fields 
and in natural hedges. Ord. Onograceae. Mucilagi- 
nous and slightly acrid. A decoction has been used 
in cases of infantile and other eruptions. (E. guaroi'- CENYL IODIDE 
des, (E. biennis. (E. murica'ta, CE. biennis. (E. 
pumila, dwarf evening primrose of Mexico; resolvent. 
(Enyl iodide, e'nil i'od-id. Methyl iodide. 
CE'sipus. Old name for lanolin. 
(Esophagalgla (e-sof-ag-al'je-ah) or (Esophagial'- 
gia. Pain in the oesophagus. 
CEsophageal, e-sof-a-je'al. Relating or belonging 
to the oesophagus. CE. ap'erture of the di'aphragm, 
Foramen oesophageum ; an opening in the diaphragm 
for the passage of the oesophagus. CE. ap'erture of 
the stom'ach, a name given to the superior or cardiac 
orifice of the stomach, to distinguish it from the in- 
ferior or pyloric; see Cardia. CE. arteries, branches 
of thoracic to oesophagus, from 3 to 6 in number. 
(E. cords, applied to pneumogastrics from their po- 
sition at the side of the oesophagus. CE. fora'men, 
hiatus oesophageus. (E. glands, compound racemose 
glands in mucous and submucous tissue of oesophagus, 
especially at its lower end. CE. lymphat'ic glands, 
few in number and on the outer side. CE. mus'cle, 
(Esophageeus. Some anatomists have given this name 
to the transverse muscular fibres which surround the 
oesophagus at its upper extremity. CE. nerves, branches 
of pneumogastric lying in front of and behind the 
oesophagus. CE. opening, hiatus oesophageus. (E. 
or'ifice, cardiac orifice of the stomach. (E. plex'us, 
formed by branches of CE. nerves from pneumogastric. 
CE. tube, see Tube, oesophageal. CE. veins, number of 
veins returning blood from oesophagus to the azygos 
veins. 
(Esophagecpiesmus, e-sof-aj-ek-pe-ez'mus. Condi- 
tion in which the oesophagus is displaced. 
(Esophagectomy, e-sof-ag-ek'to-me (ektome, cutting 
out). Excision of a portion of the oesophagus. 
(Esophagectopy, es-of-aj-ek'to-pe. Condition in 
which the oesophagus is displaced. 
CEsophagemesis, es-of-aj-em'es-is (oesophagus, emesis, 
vomiting). Condition in which food regurgitates 
from the oesophagus. 
CEsophageurysma, e-sof-ag-u-riz'mah (oesophagus, 
eurusma, dilatation). Dilatation of the oesophagus. 
(Esophageus, es-of-a-je'us. See (Esophageal muscle. 
CEsophagialgia, e-sof-a-je-al'ge-ah (oesophagus, algos, 
pain). (Esophagismus. 
(Esophagiarctia, e-sof-aj-e-ark'te-ah (oesophagus, 
arcto, to make narrow). Dysphagia constricta; 
stricture of the oesophagus. 
(Esophagism, e-sof'a-jism. (Esophagismus. 
(Esophagismus, e-sof-aj-iz'mus. Dysphagia. Spasm 
of the oesophagus. By some used synonymously with 
oesophagitis, dysphagia, and contraction of the oesoph- 
agus. Globus hystericus. (E. arthrit'icus, cesopha- 
gismus due to arthritic oesophagitis. 
(Esophagitis, e-sof-aj-e'tis (oesophagus, itis). Inflam- 
mation of the oesophagus. 
(Esophagocele, e-sof-ag-o-se'le (Eng. e-sof 'ag-o-seel). 
Hernia of oesophageal mucous membrane through an 
opening in its walls. 
(Esophagodynia, e-sof-ag-o-din'e-ah (oesophagus, 
odune, pain). Pain in the oesophagus. 
(Esophagomalacia, e-sof-ag-o-mal-ah'se-ah. Soften- 
ing of the oesophagus. 
(Esophagomycosis, e-sof-ag-o-me-ko'sis. Disease 
of a mycotic character affecting the oesophagus. 
(Esophagop'athy (oesophagus, pathos, affection). A 
morbid condition of the oesophagus. 
(Esophagoplegia, e-sof-ag-o-plej'e-ah (oesophagus, 
plege, a stroke). Paralysis of the oesophagus. 
CEsophagorrhagia, e-sof-ag-o-rhaj'e-ah (oesophagus, 
rhage, rupture). Hemorrhage from the oesophagus. 
(Esophagorrhcea, e-sof-ag-o-rhe'ah (oesophagus, rheo, 
to flow). Discharge of blood or mucus from the 
oesophagus. 
(Esophagoscope, e-sof'a-go-skope (oesophagus, skopeo, 
to view). An endoscopic instrument for viewing the 
interior of the oesophagus throughout its whole ex- 
tent. 
(Esoph'agospasm. (Esophagospasmus. 
(Esophagospas'mus (oesophagus, spasmos, spasm). 
Spasm of the oesophagus. 
(Esophagostenoma (e-sof-ag-o-sten-o'mah) (oesopha- 
769 
CESTRUAL 
gus, stenos, narrow, oma) or (Esophagosteno'sis. Stric- 
ture of the oesophagus. 
(Esophagostomy, e-sof-a-gos'to-me. Operation for 
establishing a fistula or artificial opening in the 
oesophagus. 
CEsoph'agotome {oesophagus, tome, section). An in- 
strument devised for the performance of cesophagot- 
omy. 
CEsophagotomy, e-sof-a-got'o-me {oesophagus, tome, 
incision). An incision made into the oesophagus for 
the purpose of extracting foreign bodies from it; ex- 
ternal, when the incision is made from the exterior ; 
internal, when the stricture of the oesophagus is 
divided by a knife introduced through the mouth. 
(Esophagus {oio, to carry, phago, to eat). The gul- 
let. A musculomembranous canal, cylindrical, and 
depressed from before to behind, which extends from 
the inferior extremity of the pharynx to the upper 
orifice of the stomach. At its origin situate in the 
median line, but beneath the larynx it deviates to the 
left, and in the chest experiences different reflections. 
The cervical portion corresponds, behind, with the 
spine; before, with the larynx and trachea; and at 
the sides it is close to the primitive carotids, internal 
jugular veins, par vagum, recurrent nerves, etc. The 
inferior or thoracic portion is entirely contained in 
the posterior mediastinum, and enters the abdomen 
through the oesophageal aperture, Foramen oesophageum, 
of the diaphragm. The oesophagus is composed of a 
very strong muscular layer, sometimes called Tunica 
vaginalis guise, formed, itself, of two sets of fibres-the 
external, generally longitudinal; the internal, trans- 
verse or annular-and of the mucous membrane, 
which is soft, fine, thin, and white, especially at its 
lower part, continuous above with the mucous mem- 
brane of the pharynx. The mucous follicles found be- 
neath it are not numerous, and have been called Esoph- 
ageal glands. The arteries of the oesophagus proceed 
in the neck from the thyroid ; in the chest, from the 
bronchial arteries and directly from the aorta; in 
the abdomen, from the inferior phrenic and coronaria 
ventriculi. Its veins empty into the inferior thyroid, 
the vena cava superior, the internal mammary, azy- 
gos, bronchial, phrenic, and coronaria ventriculi. Its 
lymphatics pass into the ganglia surrounding it. Its 
nerves are afforded by the pharyngeal and pulmonary 
plexuses; by the cardiac nerves, the thoracic ganglia, 
and especially by the pneumogastrics and recurrent 
branches. The following statistical facts concerning 
the oesophagus are of interest (Vierordt): 
Weight 51 g. (Dursy); specific weight 
(lower end) 1040 g. 
Length, 216-244 . . . (in round figures), 250 mm. 
of which the neck part amounts to 50 
the chest part to170 
the abdominal part to30 
Distance from the teeth to the cardia . . 400 
" " margin of the gums to the 
stomach in new-born children . . 170 
Commencement of oesophagus distant 
from the incisor teeth in the adult . 150 
Breadth18 
Depth, anteriorly to posteriorly ... 9 
(when stretched up to 25). 
When filled with gypsum at its widest 
place (where it is crossed by the left Dilated. Not dilated. 
bronchus) . . . . 35 17 
4 cm. higher 19 14 
4 cm. lower 35 21 
At lowest end (commencement of cardia) 25 14 
In the new-born - 4 
When muscular coat is contracted, thick 1.8 
(E. succenturia'tus, pharyngocele. 
(Estriasis, e-stre'as-is. Effects produced by larvae 
of oestrus. 
(Estridse, e'strid-e {oistros, gad-fly). Genus of 
dipterous insects, the gad-fly or breeze. 
(Estromania, e-stro-man'e-ah {oistros, imperious 
erotic impulse, mania). Nymphomania. 
(Estro-menstruation, e' stro - men - stru - a' shun 
{oistros, frenzy, menstrua, to menstruate). Menstrua- 
tion as compared to rut of animals. 
CEstrual, e'stru-al {oestrum). Appertaining or re- CESTRUATION 
lating to cestruation; also to an orgasm, especially the 
venereal orgasm. 
(Estrua'tion. See (Estrum and Heat. 
(Es'trum. Clitoris; orgasm. (E. ven'eris (oestrus), 
imperious erotic impulse. Vehement desire for sexual 
intercourse; orgasm; (Estruation. 
(Es'trus. Clitoris; orgasm. See (Estridse and Ec- 
tozoa. (E. bo'vis, commonest species of (Estridse. (E. 
e'qui, Gastrophilus equi. (E. hom'inis, bot-fly, dip- 
terous insect depositing its eggs in the skin; see 
Parasites. (E. o'vis, bot-fly of sheep. (E. vene'- 
reus, oestrum venereum. 
(Esypus (e'sip-us) or (Es'ipum (a sheep). Greasy 
matter of unwashed wool; formerly employed in 
friction in diseased joints; lanolin. 
Offlc'ial. Preparations designated by pharmaco- 
poeia or other proper authority. 
Offici'na (for Opificina) (opifex, a workman, a shop). 
Workshop; office; apothecary's shop. 
Offlc'inal or Offlc'ial. An epithet for medicines 
found in the apothecary shop ready prepared, in 
opposition to magistral or extemporaneous-those pre- 
pared after the prescription of the physician. Those 
recognized as authoritative by the National Pharma- 
copoeia or other proper authority. 
Of'flum. Affion ; opium. 
Offspring. Epigone. 
Offusca'tio (ob, fusco, to make dark). Amaurosis; 
amblyopia. 
Ogee'chee lime. Nyssa candicans. 
Og'la. Oogala. 
Ogmomele, og-mo-me'le (ogmos, furrow, mele, probe). 
Probe furnished with a groove. 
Og'ston's opera'tion. For flat foot: excision of 
wedged-shaped portions of tarsal bones to restore the 
arch. For knock-knee: sawing or chiselling off ob- 
liquely the inner condyle of the femur and forcible 
straightening of the limb. 
Ohio buckeye. TEsculus glabra. 0. scratches, 
pruritus; scabies or eczema. 
Ohm. Practical electro-magnetic unit of resist- 
ance. The legal O (Paris Congress of 1884) is the 
resistance offered by a column of mercury 106 centi- 
metres high and one square millimetre in cross sec- 
tion, at 0° C.; about the resistance of 100 metres of 
telegraph wire ; 10,000,000 times the absolute unit. 
Ohm's law. The strength of the current varies 
directly as the electro-motive force, and inversely as 
the resistance of the circuit; or current = electro-mo- 
tive force divided by the resistance. 
Oicoid. Oikoid. 
Old (eidos, form, resemblance). A suffix denoting 
resemblance, as in ethmoid, sphenoid, etc. 
Oid'ium (oon, egg, eidos, resemblance). Parasitic 
disease of the vine. O. abortifa'ciens, claviceps pur- 
purea ; see Ergot. O. al'bicans, see Aphthaphyte and 
Parasites. O. lac'tis, white, fungus-like membrane 
on milk, etc. 0. Schoenlein'i, see Porrigo favosa. 
Oig'non. Onion; an irritated bursa mucosa; bunion. 
Oikeiomania, oi-ki-o-man'e-ah. Moral insanity 
characterized by domestic perversity. 
Oiklomlasmata, oi-ke-o-mi-as'mat-ah (oikeios, be- 
longing to a household, miasmata). Morbific emana- 
tions from domestic sources. 
Oi'koid. According to Briicke, the hyaline, un- 
"stainable stroma of red blood-corpuscles; the sub- 
stance containing haemoglobin he calls zooid. 
Oikopho'bia (oikeios, belonging to a household, pho- 
bos, fear). Morbid dislike or fear of home. 
Oikosite, oik'o-site. Animal parasite attached to 
its host. 
Oil (elaia, olive). A collective name under which 
two classes of fluids are included, very different from 
each other; those belonging to the one class are vis- 
cid, mawkish, or almost insipid; those of the other 
are nearly devoid of viscidity, and are caustic and 
very volatile. The former are called fat or fixed oils ; 
the latter volatile or essential oils or essences. They are 
all compounds of carbon and hydrogen, principally 
or exclusively, are readily inflammable, and mostly 
insoluble in water. See also Almond, Animal, Apple, 
OIL 
Banked, Beech, Belen, Belgraum walnut, Ben, Benne, 
Bone, British, Camphor, Camphorated, Canauga, Candle- 
fish, Candle-nut, Carap, Carr on, Castor, Chabert's, 
Chaulmugra, Citronella, Coal, Cocoanut, Cod, Cod-liver, 
Colza, Cotton-seed, Crab, Croton, Dead, Deelina, Dippel's 
animal, Distilled, Doli, Drying, Dugong, Earth-nut, Em- 
pyreumatic, Essential, Ethereal, Eulachon, Expressed, 
Firwool, Fixed, Fusel, Grain, Groogroo, Ground-nut, 
Hazel-nut, Horse-chestnut, Ilupai, Iodized, Jatropha, 
Kekune, Kukui, Kundah, Lard, Light, Linseed, Neat's- 
foot, Nickerseed, Olive, Oulachon, Palm, Paraffin, Pea- 
nut, Phosphorated, Poonga, Poppyseed, Rape, Ray, Red, 
Rock, Rubsen, Sesame, Shark, Skate, Sulphurated, Sweet, 
Tallicoonah, Tambor, Teel, Tucum, Virgin, Volatile, 
Walnut, Wood, and Ylang-ylang oil. 0. of absinth'- 
ium, limpid oil consisting mainly of absinthinol; ob- 
tained by distillation. 0. of aj'wain, oil of omum; 
volatile; obtained by distillation from fruit of Car urn 
ajowan; odor of thyme; contains thymol. 0. of am'- 
ber, volatile oil obtained by destructive distillation 
of amber, purified by subsequent rectification; rube- 
facient, stimulant, antispasmodic. 0. of American 
worm'seed, oil of chenopodium. 0. of an'da, fixed 
oil expressed from seeds of Anda Gomesii, said to re- 
semble castor oil in physiological action ; nearly free 
from taste or odor. 0. of an'ise, volatile oil distilled 
from anise (P. G.), from anise and from illicium 
(U. S. P. and B. P.); represents medicinal properties 
of anise. 0. of bay, oil of myrcia. 0. of ben, see 
Ben oil. O. of ber'gamot, volatile oil extracted by 
mechanical means from rind of fresh fruit of Citrus 
bergamia vulgaris; used as perfume. 0. of birch, 
volatile oil identical with oil of gaultheria, aqueous 
distillate from bark and leaves of Betula lenta; sweet 
or cherry birch. 0. of bit'ter al'monds, volatile oil, 
distillate from bitter almonds after maceration in wa- 
ter ; colorless or yellowish, limpid; peculiar aromatic 
odor and bitter, burning taste; contains nearly 13 per 
cent, hydrocyanic acid, to which its medicinal prop- 
erties are due; 20 drops have proved fatal. A few 
drops on porcelain, with addition of a drop of strong 
sulphuric acid, become deep crimson (distinguishing 
it from nitrobenzole). 0. of bit'ter al'monds, artifi'- 
cial, see Benzaldehyd ; see also Poisons and Antidotes. 0. 
of cade, juniper tar, obtained by destructive distilla- 
tion of wood of Juniperus oxycedrus; used in treat- 
ment of skin diseases. 0. of caj'eput or caj'uput, 
pale bluish-green, transparent, volatile; strong, agree- 
able odor, warm, aromatic taste; distilled from leaves 
of Melaleuca cajuputi; stimulant antispasmodic. 0. of 
cal'amus, volatile distillate from calamus rhizome. 
O. of cam'phor, volatile; see Camphor oil of Formosa 
and of Borneo. 0. of canthar'ides, prepared by di- 
gesting cantharides in rape oil (P. G. 30 per cent.), 
(Cod. 10 per cent.) in olive oil. 0. of car'away, vol- 
atile distillate from fruit of Carum carui. 0. of cas'- 
sia, distillate from Chinese cinnamon; less delicate 
in odor and taste and of higher sp. gr. than that of 
Ceylon. 0. of ce'dar, volatile oil from Cupressus thy- 
oides, formerly oil of Lebanon cedar; see Oil of red 
cedar. 0. of cham'omile, volatile distillate from 
flowers of Anthemis nobilis; stimulant, antispasmodic. 
0. of chenopo'dium, oil of American wormseed; vol- 
atile distillate from chenopodium; anthelmintic. 0. 
of Chinese' cin'namon, oil of cassia. 0. of cin'na- 
mon, volatile distillate from cinnamon bark. 0. of 
cit'ron, from outer rind of citron. 0. of citronel'la, 
commercial name of volatile oil of Andropogon nar- 
dus; resembles oil of lemon-grass in character and 
properties. 0. of cloves, volatile distillate from 
cloves, consists of light and heavy oil, latter princi- 
pally eugenol. 0. of copai'ba, volatile distillate 
from copaiba. 0. of corian'der, volatile distillate 
from coriander. O. of cu'bebs, volatile distillate 
from cubebs. 0. of cu'min, volatile distillate from 
fruit of Cuminum cyminum. 0. of dill, volatile dis- 
tillate from fruit of Anethum graveolens; see Dill fruit. 
0. of egg, obtained by expressing between warm iron 
plates coagulated yolk of eggs. 0. of er'got, 
fixed oil in ergot, forming 30 per cent, or more of its 
weight. 0. of erig'eron, volatile distillate from fresh 
770 OIL 
flowering herb of Erigeron Canadense. 0. of eucalyp'- 
tus, aromatic volatile distillate from fresh leaves of 
Eucalyptus globulus and other species; powerful anti- 
septic. 0. of fen'nel, volatile distillate from fruit of 
Foeniculum vulgare. 0. of flax'seed, fixed oil, ex- 
pressed without heat; solidifies on exposure; used as 
application to burns. 0. of gar'lic, volatile distil- 
late, principally sulphide of allyl. 0. of gaulthe'ria, 
oil of Wintergreen, volatile distillate from leaves of 
Gaultheria procumbens, consists principally of methyl- 
salicylic acid. 0. of gera'nium, Turkish, 0. of gin- 
ger-grass, rosle or rose oil, distilled from Andropogon 
Schcenanthus; used in Turkey as hair-oil and adul- 
terant of oil of rose. 0. of hedeo'ma, oil of pennyroal, 
distilled from fresh herb, Hedeoma pulegioides 0. of 
hemlock, oil of spruce; volatile, aqueous distillate of 
branches of Abies Canadensis. 0. of horse-mint, vola- 
tile distillate of fresh herb, Monarda punctata. 0. 
of hyoscy'amus, fresh or dried leaves moistened with 
alcohol, boiled or digested in olive oil, expressed and 
filtered; for external use. 0. of j as'mine, fragrant, 
volatile, from flowers of Jasminum ofiicinale and other 
species. 0. of ju'niper, volatile distillate from ber- 
ries. 0. of lau'rel, concrete aromatic fixed oil, ex- 
pressed from fruit of Laurus nobilis; also volatile dis- 
tillate from leaves or fruit. 0. of lav'ender, volatile 
distillate from flowering tops or whole herb, Lavan- 
dula vera; less agreeable odor than 0. of lav'ender 
flow'ers, volatile distillate from fresh flowers; pos- 
sesses medicinal properties of lavender. 0. of 
lem'on, very volatile, pungent, aromatic, and neu- 
tral ; extracted by mechanical means from fresh 
lemon-peel; used for flavoring. 0. of lem'on-grass, 
volatile distillate from Andropogon citratum; carmin- 
ative, diaphoretic, rubefacient, stimulant. 0. of 
Levant' worm'seed, volatile, from santonica. 0. of 
mace, volatile distillate, active principle of mace; 
see Expressed oil of nutmeg. 0. of mir'bane, nitro- 
benzole. 0. of mus'tard, bland, fixed, expressed from 
seeds; consists of glycerin compounds of oleic, stearic, 
and erucic or brassic acids. 01. sinapis of B. P. is the 
volatile oil; see Volatile oil of mustard. 0. of myrcia, 
oil of bay, volatile distillate from leaves of Myrcia 
acris. 0. of myrtle, volatile, from leaves of Myrtus 
communis; antiseptic and rubefacient. 0. of nero'li, 
O. of orange-flowers. 0. of nutmeg, ol. myristicse, vola- 
tile aqueous distillate. 0. of o'mum, oil of agwain. 
0. of or'ange-flow'ers, oil of neroli, volatile distillate 
from fresh flowers; a perfume. 0. of or'ange-peel, 
volatile, mechanically extracted from fresh peel. 0. 
of orig'anum, volatile distillate from wild marjoram, 
Origanum vulgare; in commerce, oil of thyme is said to 
be often substituted. 0. of or'ris root, solid, crystal- 
lizable substance obtained by distillation with steam; 
consists of myristic acid with a little volatile oil. 
0. of pars'ley, volatile, from fruit of Petroselinum 
sativum. 0. of pen'nyroyal, oil of hedeoma. 0. of 
pep'permint, volatile distillate from Mentha piperita; 
carminative and anodyne; see also Chinese 0. of P. 
0. of pimen'ta, volatile distillate from fruit of Euge- 
nia pimenta; resembles, in taste and clinical properties, 
oil of cloves. 0. of red ce'dar, volatile, from leaves 
of Juniperus Virginiana; perfume. 0. of ro'dium, 
volatile distillate from root of Convolvulus scoparius 
and C. floridus; sometimes used as adulterant of 0. 
of rose, volatile distillate from fresh flowers of Rosa 
damascena, and probably other species; perfume. 0. 
of rose-gera'nium, volatile distillate from cultivated 
rose-geranium, Pelargonium roseum. 0. of rose'mary, 
volatile distillate from Rosmarinus oflicinalis. 0. of 
rue, volatile distillate from Ruta graveolens. 0. of 
san'dal-wood or 0. of santai', volatile distillate from 
wood of Santal album; used as perfume, and in gon- 
orrhoea and bronchitis. 0. of santon'ica, pale yellow, 
volatile distillate. 0. of sas'safras, volatile distillate 
from root of Sassafras oflicinalis. 0. of sav'ine, vola- 
tile distillate from tops of Juniperus sabina; active 
principle. 0. of ses'amum, benne, gingelly or gingli, 
or tael oil; bland, fixed, non-drying, expressed from 
seeds of Sesamum Indicum; substitute for olive oil. 
0. of spear'mint, volatile distillate from Mentha vi- 
771 
OINTMENT 
ridis. 0. of spruce, oil of hemlock. 0. of star- 
an'ise, volatile distillate from fruit of Illicium ani- 
satum. 0. of tan'sy, volatile distillate from leavesand 
tops of Tanacetum vulgare; active principle. 0. of 
tar, volatile distillate. 0. of theobro'ma, cacao but- 
ter ; concrete fixed oil expressed from seeds of Theo- 
broma cacao; yellowish-white, bland, neutral, agree- 
able odor and taste; melts between 30° and 35° C.; 
used in making suppositories and ointments. 0. of 
thyme, volatile distillate from Thymus vulgaris; 
source of thymol. 0. of tobac'co, black, tarry product 
of dry distillation; virulent poison. 0. of tur'pen- 
tine, thin, colorless, volatile distillate; strong odor 
and taste; very slightly soluble in water, soluble in 
alcohol and ether; anthelmintic, diuretic, rubefacient, 
and stimulant; see Rectified oil of turpentine. 0. of 
vale'rian, volatile distillate; active principle. 0. of 
verbe'na, oil of lemon-grass. 0. of vit'riol, sulphuric 
acid; see Nordhausen's oil of vitriol. 0. of wheat, 
fixed, expressed between hot iron plates. 0. of wine, 
ethereal oil. 0. of win'tergreen, O. of gaultheria. 
Oil-cake. Mass remaining after expression of oil 
from flax and cottonseed. 
Oil-emulsion. 01. amygdalae expressum, 15 p; aca- 
ciae, 15; syr. acaciae, 20; aq. aurantii flor., 15; aquae, 
100; make an emulsion, sec. art. 
Oil-nut. See Juglans cinerea. 
Oil-plant. See Sesamum Indicum. 
Oils, an'imal. Olea animalia. 0., distilled, olea 
volatilia. 0., empyreumat'ic, olea empyreumatica. 
0., essen'tial, olea volatilia. 0., ethe'real, olea vola- 
tilia. 0., expressed, olea fixa. 0., fat'ty, olea fixa. 
0., fixed, olea fixa. 0., fuga'cious, olea fugacia. 0., 
medic'inal, olea medicinalia. 0., vol'atile, olea vola- 
tilia. 
Oil-sugar. Pharmaceutical preparation of volatile 
oil triturated with sugar. O.-s. of anise, O.-s. of 
caraway, each, one part of oil to twenty of sugar. 
O. of lemon, O.-s. of orange, rub surface of one 
lemon or orange with ten grammes of sugar, then 
triturate the sugar in a mortar. 
Oil'y. Oleaginous. 0. cysts, cysts containing oil 
or fatty matter, a result of degeneration of other sub- 
stances occurring in the breast, skin, etc. 0. grain, 
Sesamum orientale. 
Oinomania, oin-o-man'e-ah. Passion for wine; 
cenomania. 
Oin'os kri'thes (barley wine). Cerevisia. 
Ointment. Topical application of such consistence 
that it may be easily rubbed on the skin, becoming 
gradually liquefied; lard, 80; yellow wax, 20 parts; 
mixed with aid of heat (U. S. P.); white wax, 2; 
benzoinated lard, 3; expressed oil of almonds, 3 
parts (B. P.); see also Ammonia, Antimonial, Basilicon, 
Belladonna, Blue, Chaulmugra, Compound, Diachylon, 
Hebra's, Hellmund's, Helmerich's, Iodine, Iodoform, 
Jarich's, Kentish, Mercurial, Mezereon, Nervine, Nut- 
gall, Paraffin, Petroleum, Regent's, Simple, Stramonium, 
Tar, Veratrine, and Wilkinson's ointment. 0. of ac'e- 
tate of lead, lead acetate, 2; benzoinated lard, 73 
parts (B. P.). 0. of acon'itine, 1 to 55 (B. P.). 0. of 
ammo'niated mer'cury, 10 per cent, with lard (U. S. 
P. ; simple ointment (B. P.); petroleum (P. G). 0. 
of at'ropine, atropine, 8; alcohol, 23; benzoinated 
lard, 440 (B. P.). 0. of belladon'na, extract 1 to 10 
(U. S. P.); 1 to 7.5 (Cod.). 0. of ben'zoin, benzoin- 
ated lard. 0. of bo'ric acid, boric acid, 1; soft par- 
affin, 4; hard paraffin, 2 parts (B. P.). 0. of cal'a- 
mine, Turner's cerate, 20 per cent. (B. P.). 0. of 
canthar'ides, infusion of cantharides in olive oil 
(lard, Cod.), strained, filtered, with addition of yellow 
wrax, 12 per cent. (B. P.); 20 per cent. (P. G.); 60 per 
cent. (Cod.). French preparation is colored with 
turmeric and aromatized with oil of lemon. 0. of 
carbol'ic acid, 10 per cent. (U. S. P.), carbolic acid 
60; soft paraffin, 720; hard paraffin, 36,0 (B. P.). Oil 
of car'bonate of lead, 1 to 9 (U. S. P.); 1 to 7 (B. P.); 
1 to 5 (Cod.); 4 to 7 (P. G.). 0. of cevadil'la, ceva- 
dilla in powder, 50; simple ointment, 200; oil of lav- 
ender, 2 (P. Aust.). 0. of chrysaro'bin, 1 to 9 (U. S. 
P.); 1 to 24 (B. P.). 0. of creasote, creasote, f3j ; Ol NTM ENT-POSITOR 
simple ointment, ; mix thoroughly (B. P.). 0. of 
el'emi, elemi, 1; simple ointment, 4 parts (B. P.); 
elemi, 150; Venice turpentine, 150; mutton suet, 
200; lard, 100 (Cod.); mix. 0. of eucalyp'tus 
(B. P.), oil of eucalyptus, 1; hard paraffin, 2; soft 
paraffin, 2 (B. P). 0. of gal'lic acid, 10 per 
cent. (U. S. P.). O. of galls (B. P.), see Nutgall 
ointment. 0. of galls and o'pium, powdered opium, 
1; ointment of galls, 13.7 (B. P). 0. of glyc'- 
erin, glycerite of tragacanth, 1 to 50 of glycerin 
(P. G.). 0. of glyc'erin and subac'etate of lead, 
glycerin of subacetate of lead, 3; soft paraffin, 12; 
hard paraffin, 4 (B. P.). 0. of i'odide of lead, 10 per 
cent. (U. S. P.). 0. of i'odide of potas'sium, 
potassium iodide, 12; sodium hyposulphite, 1; water, 
6; benzoinated lard, 81 (U. S. P.); potassium iodide, 
16; potassium carbonate, 1; water, 4; lard, 110 
(B. P.); potassium iodide, 10; water, 5; paraffin 
ointment, 85 (P. G.); salts dissolved in water and 
thoroughly mixed with lard. 0. of i'odide of 
sul'phur, iodide of sulphur, 5; hard paraffin, 18; 
soft paraffin, 55; triturate iodide of sulphur with 
melted mixture of paraffins (B. P.). 0. of mer'- 
cury, mercurial ointment. 0. of ni'trate of mer'- 
cury, citrine ointment; ointment of mercuric nitrate; 
prepared by mixing, with aid of gentle heat, mer- 
cury, nitric acid, and lard oil (U. S. P.), or lard and 
olive oil (B. P.). 0. of o'leate of zinc, equal parts 
of zinc oleate and soft paraffin (B. P.). 0. of ox'ide 
of zinc, 1 to 4 (U. S. P.): 1 to 5.5 (B. P.); 1 to 9 
(Cod., P. G.). 0. of red i'odide of mer'cury, mer- 
curic iodide, 1; simple ointment, 27.3 (B. P.). O. 
of red ox'ide of mer'cury, 1 to 9 of simple ointment 
(Ph. U. S.); or paraffin ointment (P. G.); 167 of lard 
and 5.3 of soft paraffin (B. P.). 0. of rose-water, 
rose-water, white wax, spermaceti, and oil of almonds; 
agreeable, soothing, protective; everywhere known 
as cold cream. 0. of sav'in (B. P.), see Savin cerate. O. 
of spermace'ti, spermaceti, 5; white wax, 2; expressed 
oil of almond, 18.5; benzoin, 0.5; mix with aid of 
heat (B. P.). 0. of staves'acre, stavesacre seeds, 1; 
benzoated lard, 2; crush seeds, macerate in melted 
lard, and strain (B. P.). 0. of sto'rax, storax, 100; 
olive oil, 150; white wax, 100; colophony, 180; 
elemi, 100. 0. of subchlo'ride of mer'cury, 1 to 
55 (B. P.); 0. of sul'phur (B. P.), see Sulphur 
ointment. 0. of sul'phurated pot'ash, sulphurated 
potassa, 5; hard paraffin, 18; soft, 56; triturate 
the potash with the melted paraffins (B. P.). 0. of 
tan'nate of lead, tannic acid, 1; solution subacetate 
of lead, 2; lard, 7 (P. G.). 0. of tannic acid, 10 
per cent. (U. S. P.). 0. of tar (B. P.), see Tar oint- 
ment. 0. of tar'tarated an'timony, antimony and 
potassium tartrate and simple ointment, 1 to 4 (B. P., 
P. G.); counter-irritant, produces characteristic pus- 
tular eruption. 0. of tur'pentine, oil of turpentine, 7; 
resin, 1; white wax, 4; lard, 4 (B. P.); turpentine, 
1; oil of turpentine, 1; white wax, 1 (P. G.). 0. of 
ver'atrine (B. P.), see Veratrine ointment. 0. of yel'- 
low ox'ide of mer'cury, with simple ointment, 1 to 
9 (U. S. P.). 0. of zinc (B. P.), ointment of oxide of 
zinc. 
Oint'ment-pos'itor. Instrument for applying oint- 
ments to the vagina and rectum, consisting of tube 
and piston. 
Oiocalymma, o-e-o-kal-im'mah (oion, egg, kalupto, 
to cover). Membrane of the egg-shell. 
0'ken's bod'y. Corpus Wolffianum. 
0'kra or 0'kro. Hibiscus esculentus. 
Olanine, o'lan-een. Base derived from bone oil. 
Olax (o'laks) Zeylan'ica. Malla tree of Ceylon ; the 
leaves are eaten by the natives, and the wood, which 
has an odor resembling human excrement, is em- 
ployed in fevers. 
01. Abbv. for oleum, oil. 
0. L. A. Ahbv. for occipito-laeva-anterior, left oc- 
cipito-anterior position of foetus in labor. 
Old age. See Senectus. 0. field pine, Pinus tteda. 
0. man, Artemisia abrotanum; southernwood. 0. 
man's beard, fringe tree; Chiananthus Virginica. 
0. wife's shirt, liriodendron. 
772 
OLEA 
O'lea. Oils. Olive tree. See Olea Europeea. 0. 
anima'lia, Animal oils. Fixed oils holding in solution 
the mucilaginous and gelatinous principles of certain 
animals, as the oil of frogs, oil of scorpions, oil of 
spiders, etc. Sometimes also empyreumatic oils pro- 
duced during the decomposition of animal substances 
by heat. 0. coc'ta, medicinal oils. 0. destillat'a, O. 
volatilia. 0. dioi'ca, Indian olive. 0. empyreumat'- 
ica, Empyreumatic oils. Oils having an empyreu- 
matic or burnt smell. Obtained by treating vegetable 
or animal matters by heat in close vessels. They do 
not exist in organized bodies, but are formed during 
their decomposition by fire. The animal oil of Dippel 
is an empyreumatic oil. 0. ethe'rea, volatile oils. 0. 
Europae'a, Olive tree; (fruit) Olive; ord. Jasmineae. 
Leaves are bitter; extract prepared from them, and 
a substance called olivina, the bitter principle of the 
leaves, have been given in Italy as antiperiodics. 
Fruit, when pickled, is extremely grateful to some 
stomachs. Olives, as met with in the shops, are pre- 
pared from the green, unripe fruit, repeatedly steeped 
in water. To this some quicklime or alkaline salt 
is added, and afterward they are W'ashed and pre- 
served in a pickle of common salt and water. From 
the natural olive is prepared the Olive oil or Salad 
oil of the pharmacopoeias, obtained by grinding and 
pressing the olives when thoroughly ripe. The finer 
and purer oil issues first by gentle pressure, and the 
inferior sort on heating what is left and pressing it 
more strongly. See Oleum olivse. In Calabria an 
odorous resin exudes from its trunk, which is em- 
ployed as a perfume by the Neapolitans. A gum 
flows from certain wild olives in warm countries, 
which consists, according to Pelletier, of a resin, a 
little benzoic acid, and a peculiar substance called 
Olivile. It is in yellow masses, of a slightly acrid 
taste and of a vanilla smell. It is called 0. gummi, 
0. resina, and 0. balsamum, an esteemed astringent and 
detersive. 0. fix'a, Expressed, Fixed, or Fatty oils. 
Oils obtained from the seeds or pericarps of vege- 
tables without distillation, and which are viscid, 
but slightly odorous and sapid; lighter than water 
and insoluble in alcohol. The rancidity of oils de- 
pends on the absorption of oxygen, and therefore 
they should be kept in bulk as much as possible, 
and in narrow-necked bottles. All the fixed oils are 
emollient, and, in a certain dose, they act as pur- 
gatives and emetics. They are prepared by express- 
ing the fruit or seed containing them. 0. fra'grans, 
Osmanthus fragrans, fragrant olive, Chinese shrub; 
the leaves are added to tea for purposes of adul- 
teration. 0. fuga'cia, Fugacious oils, oils which are so 
volatile that, in order to obtain them, recourse must 
be had to a different process from that employed for 
other essential oils. Such are the oils of jessamine, 
lily, violet, etc. 0. GalTica, O. Europaea. 0. in- 
fu'sa, medicinal oils. 0. lancifo'lia, O. Europaea. 
0. latifo'lia, broad-leaved olive, variety of Olea 
Europaea growing in Spain; yields an inferior sort of 
olive oil. 0. Malabar'ica, species growing in Malabar; 
the juice of the leaves is emetic. 0. medicina'lia, 
Medicinal oils. Oils prepared by macerating, infus- 
ing, or boiling medicinal substances in olive or any 
other fixed oil. These oils may then be regarded as 
oily solutions of certain medicinal substances, whence 
they can never be simple. They have, however, been 
divided into simple and compound medicinal oils. 
To the former belong the Oils of St. John's wort, of 
the Solanum nigrum, etc.; to the other-which have 
often been called oily balsams-the Balsams of Fiora- 
venti, Metz, etc. Medicinal oils are almost always em- 
ployed externally. 0. microcar'pa, species growing 
in Cochin China; leaves have diuretic and discutient 
properties. 0. oleas'ter, oleaster; wild olive. 0. 
pln'gula, fixed oils. 0. polymor'pha, O. Europaea. 0. 
sati'va, O. Europsea. 0. volatil'ia, Volatile, Ethereal, 
Essential, or Distilled oils; Essences. Oils found in aro- 
matic vegetables, and in every part of them except in 
the interior of the seeds. The majority are obtained 
by distillation, but some by expression. Most of them 
are prepared by putting the substance from which 773 
* OLEORESINA 
Inflammation of the articular surfaces of the 
elbow. 
Olecran'ial or Olec'ranal. Relating or belonging 
to the olecranon. 
Olecranocace, ol-ek-ran-ok'as-e (olecranon, Icalcos, 
bad). Gout affecting the elbow; pain in the elbow. 
Olec'ranoid cav'ity. See Ulna. 
Olec'ranon. Properly Olecranum (olene, elbow, 
kranon, head). Top of the cubit. Head or protection 
of the elbow. Large process at the upper extremity 
of the ulna, on which we lean. When fractured it is 
apt to be drawn up by the triceps, and much care is 
required to keep the parts in apposition. 0. fos'sa, 
depression on posterior surface of lower end of hu- 
merus for reception of olecranon. 0. pro'cess, olec- 
ranon. 
Olef'iant gas. Ethylene, Ethene; chief illuminating 
constituent of coal-gas; heavy carbu retted hydrogen. 
0. g., chlo'ride of, Dutch liquid, Bichloride of ethylene; 
this liquid has been exhibited as an ansesthetic. 
Oleic, o-le'ik. Relating to, obtained from, or exist- 
ing in oil. 0. ac'id, CiaHrnOa. Odorless, tasteless, neu- 
tral, yellowish, oily liquid, becoming brown, rancid, 
and acid on exposure to air, crystallizing at 4° C.; 
product of saponification of olein ; used in prepara- 
tion of oleates. 
Oleiferous, ol-e-if'er-us. Yielding oil. 
Olefines, o'le-feens. Members of series of hydro- 
carbons having the formula CaH2n. 
O'lein or O'leine (oleum, oil). Trioleate of glyceryl, 
triolein ; fluid portion of non-drying oils or fats. 0., 
cod-liv'er, see Oleum morrhuee. 0. hypophos'phlte, 
compound of olive oil, beef extract, and phosphorus; 
the phosphorus is oxidized with hydrogen; often com- 
bined with cod-liver oil and given in tuberculosis. 
Oleineous, o-le-in'e-us. Oleaceous. 
Olenarthrocace, o-len-ar-throk'as-e (olene, ulna, 
arthron, joint, kakos, bad). Inflammation, especially 
of a scrofulous kind, of the elbow-joint. 
Olene, o'len-e. Ulna. 
Oleoceratum, o-le-o-ser'at-um. Cerate. 0. aqufl, 
subace'tum, ceratum Galeni. 
Oleo-infu'sions. Medicinal oils; oleols. 
Oleomargarin (o-le-o-mar'gar-in) or Oleomargarine, 
o-le-o-marg'ar-een. Artificial butter made from animal 
fat by melting at a temperature not exceeding 110°; 
on cooling, excess of stearin crystallizes out; when 
pure, it is less liable to become rancid than ordinary 
butter, and is free from bacteria. 
Oleophosphoric acid, ol-e-o-fos-for'ik as'id. Phos- 
phoretted fatty substance contained in the brain. 
Oleoresin, o-le-o-rez'in. A resin dissolved in vola- 
tile oil. Oleoresins are made by passing ether through 
the powdered drug by displacement, and evaporating 
the ether until the liquid is of an oily consistence, an 
ethereal extract. They not only contain resin, but 
the essential oil of the drug. 0. of aspid'ium, thick, 
liquid, ethereal extract of male fern. 0. of cap'si- 
cum, liquid oleoresin extracted from capsicum. 0. 
of cu'beb, percolation of cubeb with ether (U. S. P.); 
maceration in equal parts of ether and alcohol (P. G.). 
0. of fern, O. of aspidium. 0. of gln'ger, concen- 
trated ethereal tincture of ginger. 0. of lu'pulin, 
semifluid, possesses all medicinal properties of lupu- 
lin. 0. of male fern, see 0. of aspidium. 0. of pep'- 
per, an ethereal extract from which crystals of piper- 
ine have been removed. 
Oleoresi'na. Oleoresin. 0. aspid'ii (Ph. U. S.), 
aspidium, ; stronger ether, q. s. to make Oij, 
and evaporate. 0. cap'sici (Ph. U. S.), Oleoresin of 
capsicum; capsicum, 3xvj ; stronger ether, q. s. to 
make Oij, and evaporate; dose, strangury 
and irritation of the bladder; externally, diluted, a 
rubefacient. 0. cube'bae (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Oleoresin 
of cubeb; cubeb, ; stronger ether, q. s. to make 
Oij, and evaporate; dose, TTV~XXX> water or 
powdered sugar. 0. fil'icis, Oleoresin of fern. 0. 
lupuli'nse (Ph. U. S.), Oleoresin of lupulin; lupulin, 
; stronger ether, q. s. to make Oij ; dose, gr. 
ij-v. (h pip'eris (Ph. U. S.), Oleoresin of pepper; 
pepper, ; stronger ether, q. s. to make Oij ; dose, 
OLEACEOUS 
the oil is to be extracted into a retort or other vessel 
suitable for distillation, and adding enough water to 
cover it; then distilling by a regulated heat into 
a large refrigeratory, and separating the distilled oil 
from the water which comes over with it. They pos- 
sess unctuosity, inflammability, and viscidity, like 
the fixed oils, but are generally odoriferous, pungent, 
and acrid. The greater part are lighter than water; 
some are heavier, and congeal at a moderate temper- 
ature. They dissolve in small quantity in distilled 
water by simple agitation. Almost all are soluble in 
alcohol. The odor and taste are the usual tests of 
their goodness. To preserve them, they should be 
kept in a cool place in small bottles, quite full and 
well corked. Volatile oils are possessed of the aro- 
matic properties of the plants whence they are ob- 
tained. All, when applied externally, are stimulant 
and rubefacient. Pharmaceutical preparations in 
which the substances are dissolved in volatile oils are 
termed by the French Myroles. 
Oleaceous, ol-e-a'shus. Relating to the olive. 
Oleaginous, o-le-aj'in-us (oleum, oil). Oily; contain- 
ing oil, as an oleaginous or oily mixture. 
Olea'men (oleum). Any soft ointment prepared of 
oil. 
Oleander (olea, the olive). Rhododendron chrysan- 
themum. See Nerium oleander. 
Olean'drine. Poisonous alkaloid obtained from 
Nerium oleander, a glucoside having action of digi- 
talin. 
Oleaster, o-le-as'tur. Wild olive. Olea oleaster. 
0., Bohe'mian, Elseagnus angustifolia. 
Olea'ta. Oleates. 
O'leate. Combinations of oleic acid with oxides 
of zinc, mercury, lead, etc., and with aconitine, atro- 
pia, morphia, etc., have been employed externally; 
the medical properties of course depend on those of 
the base. The chief oleates thus far used (generally 
diluted) are Aconite oleate, in neuralgia; Atropine 
oleate; Aluminium oleate, in intertrigo, dermatitis, bro- 
midrosis, burns, foul ulcers, etc.; Arsenic oleate, used 
in lupus, scrofulous ulcers, seborrhoea, chronic eczema, 
warts, corns, etc.; Bismuth oleate, in pustular eruptions, 
erysipelas, acne, eczema, etc.; Cadmium oleate, in 
chronic eczema, hypertrophied glands, etc.; Cocaine 
oleate, in some forms of eczema and pruritus; Copper 
oleate, antiseptic and astringent, in ringworm, chronic 
ulcers, freckles, tinea, etc., in various degrees of dilu- 
tion of the oleate; Iron oleate, astringent and styptic, 
in some forms of eczema, sycosis, scrofulous ulcers, 
acne rosacea, etc.; Lead oleate, in eczema, indurated 
acne, etc.; Mercuric oleate (see Oleatum hydrargyri), 
glandular resolvent, not easily absorbed so as to affect 
the general system; useful in chronic indurated ec- 
zema, papular and tubercular eruptions, sycosis, scrof- 
ulous cutaneous diseases, phtheiriasis, etc.; Mercurous 
oleate, in syphilis, chronic psoriasis, chronic eczema, 
etc.; Morphine oleate, not much employed; Nickel oleate, 
in chronic ulcerations and abrasions, chronic eczema, 
etc.; Quinine oleate, antiseptic, but not a desirable 
method of getting either the local or constitutional 
effects of the drug; Silver oleate, as a stimulant to 
granulating surfaces in erysipelas, lupus, boils, car- 
buncles, etc.; Strychnine oleate ; Tin oleate, astringent 
and tonic; Veratrine oleate, much diluted, in localized 
neuralgia; see Oleatum veratrinse; Zinc oleate, astrin- 
gent, in various forms of abnormal sweating, cancer 
of the cervix uteri, etc.; see Oleatum zinci. 
Olea'tum. Oleate. 0. hydrar'gyri (Ph. U. S.), 
mercury oleate: yellow oxide of mercury, gr. xl; 
oleic acid, f §j; used as a substitute for mercurial 
ointment; also in arthritis, indurations, syphilis, skin 
diseases, etc. See Oleate, mercuric. 0. veratri'nse (Ph. 
U. S.), oleate of veratrine: veratrine, gr. viij ; oleic 
acid, f ; used as a substitute for veratrine oint- 
ment. 0. zin'ci (Ph. Br.) (zinc oxide, j ; oleic 
acid, ; zinc oleate. 
Olecranarthritis, o-lek-ran-ar-thre'tis (olecranon, 
'arthron, joint, itis). Inflammation of the elbow-joint. 
Olecranarthrocace, o-lek-ran-ar-throk'as-e (olec- 
ranon, arthron, articulation, kakia, vice or disease). OLEOSACCHAROSE 
ffi,|-j. O> zingib'eris (Ph. U. 8.), Oleoresin or Piperoid 
of ginger ; ginger, ; stronger ether, q. s. to make 
Oij ; dose, 
Oleosaccharose, o-le-o-sak'ar-oze. Saccharose com- 
bined with a volatile oil. 
Oleosaccharure'tum ani'si. Oil-sugar of anise. 
Oleosaccharum, o-le-o-sak'ar-um. Elaeosaccharum; 
oil-sugar. 
Oleosac'charure. Preparation of sugar satu- 
rated with a volatile oil, gtt. j. 
Oleo'sus. Oleaginous. 
Ol'era (olus, potherb). See Lachanon. 
O'leum (olea, olive). Oil. 0. abie'tis, see Pinus 
picea. 0. absin'thii, Artemisia absinthium (oil of). 0. 
ad'ipis, lard oil; used for pharmaceutical purposes. 
0. aethe'reum, .Ethereal oil (formed in the distillation 
of ether), Etherol, Oil of wine, Heavy oil of wine, Sweet 
oil of vitriol, a peculiar oleaginous matter obtained by 
continuing the distillation after the whole of the 
sulphuric ether has passed over in the process for 
the preparation of the latter; used only as an ingre- 
dient in the compound spirit of ether. It is officinal 
in the Ph. U. S. Its s. g. is 0.91. 0. amyg'dalae 
ama'rae, O. of bitter almond; also 0. amygdalarum 
aethe'reum, 0. amyg'dalae dul'cis, 0. a. expres'- 
sum, and 0. amygdala'rum, almond oil. 0. an- 
drop'agi citra'ti, O. of lemon-grass. 0. ane'thi, 0. 
of dill. 0. anima'lis aethe'reum, animal o.; also 0. 
a. Dippel'ii and 0. a. empyreumat'icum. 0. an'isi 
or 0. anisi aethe'reum, O. of anise. 0. ano'nae, ylang- 
ylang o. 0. anthelmin'ticum Chaberti, Chabert's 
anthelmintic o. 0. anthem'idis, O. of chamomile. 
0. an'thos, O. of rosemary. 0. ar'achis, ground-nut 
o. 0. auran'tii cor'ticis, O. of orange-peel. 0. a. 
flo'rum, O. of orange-flowers. 0. bac'cae junip'eri, 
O. of juniper. 0. Badia'ni, O. of star-anise. 0. bal'- 
sami copaibae, O. of copaiba. 0. berga'mii or 0. 
bergamot'tae, 0. of bergamot. O. bet'ulae empy- 
reumat'icum, birch tar. 0. betuli'num, oleum rusci. 
0. bu'bulum, neat's-foot o. 0. caca'o, O. of theo- 
broma. 0. cadi'ni, O. of cade. 0. cajupu'ti, O. of 
cajuput. 0. cal'ami, O. of calamus. 0. cam'phorae, 
O. of camphor. 0. camphora'tum (P. G., Cod.), 
camphor liniment, 0. cantharida'tum (P. G.), oil 
of cantharides. 0. cari or 0. carui (B. P.), oil 
of caraway. 0. caryl'ni, walnut oil. 0. caryo- 
phyl'li or caryophyllo'rum (P. G.), O. of cloves. 
0. cas'siae, oil of Chinese cinnamon. 0. cas'- 
toris, castor o. 0. ce'ti, sperm o. 0. Chaber'ti, 
Chabert's anthelmintic oil. 0. chamomil'lae, cham- 
omile o. 0. c. aethe'reum, volatile O. of matricaria. 
0. c. Roman'ae, O. of chamomile. 0. chemico'- 
rum Hollandico'rum, ethylene bichloride. 0. 
chenopo'dii, O. of chenopodium. 0. chlorina'tum, 
chlorinated o. 0. cinnamo'mi, O. of cinnamon. 0. 
cit'ri (P. G.), 0. of lemon. 0. co'cos (P. G.), cocoa- 
nut o. 0. contra-tae'niam Chaber'ti, Chabert's 
anthelmintic o. 0. copai'bae, O. of copaiba. 0. 
corian'dri, coriander o. 0. croto'nis, croton o. 0. 
cube'bae, O. of cubebs. 0. destilla'tum, volatile oil. 
0. erigeron'tis Canaden'sis, O. of Canada erigeron. 
0. eucalyp'ti, O. of eucalyptus. 0. fa'gi, beech o. 
0. f. pyrolig'neum, beech tar. 0. fil'icis, oleoresin 
of aspidium. 0. flo'rum na'phae, O. of orange- 
flowers. 0. foenic'ull, O. of fennel. 0. fruc'tus ju- 
nip'eri, O. of juniper. 0. garcin'eae purpu'reae, 
kokum butter. 0. gaulthe'rise, O. of gaultheria. 0. 
gossyp'ii sem'inis, cotton-seed o. 0. gynocar'diae, 
chaulmugra o. 0. Harleman'se, sulphurated o. of 
turpentine. 0. hedeo'mae, O. of hedeoma. 0. hep'- 
atis mor'rhuae, cod-liver o. 0. hippocas'tani, oil of 
horse-chestnut. 0. hyoscy'ami or 0. h. ace'tum, 
O. of hyoscyamus. 0. hype'rici, red oil; prepared 
by digesting in olive o. fresh herb Hypericum perfora- 
tum. 0. illi'cii anisa'ti, O. of star-anise. 0. jec'oris 
asel'li, cod-liver o. 0. j. a. ferra'tum, ferrated 
cod-liver o. 0. j. a. fla'vum, obtained by simple 
exudation from fresh livers below 85° C. 0. 
junip'eri, O. of juniper. 0. junip'eri empyreumat- 
icum or 0. junip'eri nigrum, O. of cade. 0. la'- 
nae, lanolin. 0. lau'ri (P. G.) or 0. 1. unguino'sum, 
774 
OLFACTORY 
expressed oil of laurel. 0. lauri'ni, O. of laurel. 
0. lavan'dulse, O. of lavender. 0. lavan'dulae flo'- 
rum, O. of lavender-flowers. 0. lig'ni sant'ali, 0. 
of santal. 0. limo'nis, O. of lemon. 0. li'ni, O. of 
flaxseed. 0. mac'idis, O. of mace. 0. mar'tis, solu- 
tion of ferric chloride. 0. mar'tis per deliq'uium, 
deliquescent ferric chloride. 0. men'thse piperi'tse, 
O. of peppermint. 0. m. vir'idis, O. of spearmint. 
0. monar'dae, O. of horsemint. 0. mor'rhuae, cod- 
liver o. 0. mun'dubi, ground-nut o. 0. Muscovit'- 
icum, O. rusci. 0. myr'ciae, O. of myrcia. 0. 
myris'ticae, O. of nutmeg. 0. m. expres'sum, 
expressed O. of nutmeg. 0. na'phae or 0. neroli, O. 
of orange-flowers. 0. nucis'tse (P. G.), expressed oil 
of nutmeg. 0. oli'vae or oliva'rum, olive oil. 0. 
oliva'rum commu'ne, inferior quality of olive oil, 
obtained from marc after expression of virgin oil; also 
called 0. o. provincia'le. 0. orig'ani, O. of origa- 
num. 0. ovo'rum, O. of eggs. 0. pal'mae, palm o. 
0. pal'mae christ'i, castor o. 0. papav'eris, poppy- 
seed o. 0. pe'dum tau'ri, neat's-foot oil. 0. pe'trae, 
petroleum. 0. p. cru'dum or 0. p. Ital'icum, 
crude petroleum. 0. petroseli'ni, O. of parsley. 
0. phosphora'tum, phosphorated o. 0. pi'cis liq'ui- 
dae, O. of tar. 0. pimen'tae, O. of pimenta. 0. pin'- 
gue, fixed o. 0. pi'ni aethe'reum, O. of turpentine. 
0. pi'ni sylves'tris, fir-wool o. 0. provincia'le, 
virgin o. 0. ptycho'tis, O. of agwain. 0. pyro- 
gena'tum suc'cini, O. of amber. 0. ra'jae, ray oil. 
0. ra'pae, rape oil. 0. ric'ini, castor oil. 0. ro'sae, 
O. of rose. 0. rosa'rum, also an infusion of rose- 
petals in olive o. 0. rosmari'ni, O. of rosemary. 0. 
rus'ci, empyreumatic volatile oil from birch tar; used 
externally in skin diseases, and in curing Russian 
leather, to which it gives its peculiar odor. 0. ru'tae, 
O. of rue. 0. sabi'nae, O. of savine. 0. san'tali, 
0. of santal. 0. sassafra'tis, O. of sassafras. 0. 
ses'ami, O. of sesamum. 0. sina'pis, O. of mustard. 
0. s. aethe'reum or 0. s. vola'tile, volatile O. of 
mustard. 0. squa'li, shark o. 0. suc'cini or 0. 
s. empyreumat'icum or 0. s. pyrogena'tum, O. of 
amber. 0. sulphura'tum, balsam of sulphur. 0. 
tab'aci, O. of tobacco. 0, tanace'ti, O. of tansy. 0. 
tar'tari per deliq'uium, liquor potass® subcarbonatis. 
0. temp'linum, volatile o. from tops of Prunus punilis, 
or young cones of Abies rectinata, by distillation. 
0. terebin'thinae, O. of turpentine. 0. t. rectifica'- 
tum, rectified oil of turpentine. 0. ter'rae, petroleum. 
0. theobro'mae, O. of theobroma. 0. thy'mi, O. of 
thyme. 0. tig'lii, croton oil. 0. trit'ici, O. of wheat. 
0. uno'nae, ylang-ylang o. 0. valeria'nae, O. of 
valerian. 0. vi'ni, ethereal o. 0. e vitel'lis ovo'- 
rum, O. of eggs. 0. vitrio'li, sulphuric acid. 0. 
vola'tile, volatile o. 0. v. amygdala'rum, O. of 
bitter almond. 
Olfaction, ol-fak'shun (oZeo, to smell, facio, to 
make). Sense of smell; smelling; sense by which we 
perceive the impressions made on the olfactory nerves 
by the odorous particles suspended in the atmosphere. 
The olfactory nerve, or first pair, has usually been 
considered the great nerve of smell, and it is probably 
the nerve of special sensibility, general sensibility 
being communicated by the branches of the fifth 
pair distributed on the pituitary membrane of the 
nose and sinuses. 
Olfactive, ol-fak'tiv. Olfactory. 
Olfactory, ol-fak'to-re. That which belongs or re- 
lates to the sense of smell, as olfactory cells, olfactory 
nerves, etc. 0. an'gle, ethno-cranial angle. 0. bulb, 
an extension from the cerebral hemispheres, gray oval 
matter lying upon the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, 
sending down through its foramina filaments constitut- 
ing the end-organs of the olfactory nerve. 0. cen'tre, 
part of cerebral cortex that appreciates smell; located 
by Ferrier in subiculum cornu ammonis; by Munk in 
hippocampal gyrus. 0. chi'asm, applied by Meynert 
to connection believed to exist between olfactory lobe 
of one side and gyrus uncinatus of the other, through 
the anterior commissure of the brain. 0. fil'aments, 
fibres of olfactory nerve proper-those arising from the 
bulb. 0. foram'ina, in cribriform plate of ethmoid, OLFACTUS 
through which pass filaments of the olfactory nerve. 
0. gan'glion, olfactory bulb. 0. glom'erules, rounded 
ganglionic masses near surface of olfactory bulb, 
from which olfactory filaments arise; considered by 
Krause homologous with spinal ganglia. 0. groove, 
see Olfactory sulcus. 0. lobe, olfactory tubercle, tract, 
and bulb, considered together as an outgrowth from the 
hemispheres. 0. mem/brane, portion of Schneiderian 
membrane covering olfactory region. 0. nerve, spe- 
cial nerve of smell; often applied to olfactory tract 
and bulb, more properly to collection of filaments 
passing down from the bulb through cribriform plate of 
ethmoid, and distributed to the Schneiderian mem- 
brane of nose. The nerves of both sides constitute the 
first pair of cranials. 0. pit, primitive invagination 
of ectoderm to form cavity of nose. 0. re'gion, area of 
distribution of olfactory nerve, embracing upper part 
of septum and upper part of middle turbinated bone. 
0. roots connect olfactory tract with the hemispheres. 
A lateral or outer root (stria lateralis) passes to uncinate 
convolution; a medial or inner (stria medialis) to 
convolution of corpus callosum. A dorsal root is also 
described (Broca), connecting with frontal lobe. The 
middle or gray root of older authors appears to be 
merely gray substance intercepted between the lateral 
and medial roots. 0. sul'cus, furrow for olfactory tract 
and bulb on orbital surface of the hemispheres; also 
grooves for same on cribriform plate of ethmoid. In 
the plural, grooves in which filaments of the olfactory 
nerve lie on the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid. 
0. tract, nerve-like process joining olfactory tubercle 
with bulb. 0. tri'gone, triangular area of gray 
matter between outer and inner roots of tract and 
forming base of tubercle. 0. tu'bercle, small pyram- 
idal lobule at apparent origin of tract, in front of 
anterior perforated space. 0. ven'tricle, prolonga- 
tion of cavity of lateral ventricle into olfactory lobe, 
constant in foetus and many lower animals; some- 
times found in adults. 
Olfactus, ol-fak'tus. Olfaction. 0. acu'tus, hyper- 
osphresia. 0. amis'sio, defective sense of smell; loss 
of smell; anosmia. 0. defic'iens, defect of sense of 
smell; anosmia. 0. depravat'us, depraved sense of 
smell; parosmia. 
Olibanum, ol-ib'an-um {libanos, frankincense tree). 
See Juniperus lycia. 0. Arab'icum, see Juniperus lycia. 
0. In'dicum, see Juniperus lycia. 0. sylves'tre, see 
Pinus abies. 0. vulga're, see Pinus abies. 
Olibene, ol-ib'een. Hydrocarbon, chief constituent 
of volatile oil of olibanum. 
Oligaemia, ol-ig-e'me-ah {oligo, haima, blood). Pov- 
erty of the blood; paucity of red globules; anaemia, 
haemaporia, hypaemia. 0. sero'sa, watery or thin 
condition of the blood; hydraemia. 0. sic'ca, oligaemia 
caused by a thickened condition of the blood. 
Oligaemydria, ol-ig-em-id're-ah {oligo, haima, blood, 
hudor, water). Hydraemia. 
Oligidria, ol-ig-id're-ah {oligo, hidros, sweat). Isch- 
idrosis. Diminution in quantity of sweat. Suppres- 
sion of perspiration. 
Oligo, ol'ig-o {oligos, few, little). In composition 
has these significations. 
Oligobiennia, ol-ig-o-blen'ne-ah {oligo, blenna, mu- 
cus). Deficiency of mucus. 
Oligocatantes, ol-ig-o-kat-an'tees {oligo, katantes, 
down hill). Applied to skulls in which line joining 
hormion and staphylion makes an angle of 20° to 23° 
with radius fixus (Lissauer). 
Oligocholia, ol-ig-o-kol'e-ah (bile). Paucity of bile. 
Oligochromaemia, ol-ig-o-kro-me'me-ah {oligo, 
chroma, color). Deficiency of haemoglobin in red 
blood-corpuscles. 
Oligochrosis, ol-ig-o-kro'sis {oligo, chrosis, color- 
ing). Deficiency of haemoglobin in red blood-cor- 
puscles. 
Oligochylia, ol-ig-o-kil'e-ah {oligo, chidos). Defi- 
ciency of chyle. 
Oligochy'lus. An epithet for food which is but 
little nutritive, furnishing but little chyle. 
Oligochym'ia {oligo, chuma, juice, chyme). De- 
ficiency of chyme. 
775 
OLIVARY 
Oligocopria, ol-ig-o-kop're-ali (oligo, Icopros, excre- 
ment). Scantiness of alvine evacuations. 
Oligocystic, ol-ig-o-sis'tik. Term applied to cystic 
tumors which contain a few cysts, a monocystic 
tumor including one cyst. 
Oligocythaemia, ol-ig-o-si-the'me-ah (oligo, leutos, a 
cell). Paucity of red corpuscles. 
Oligodacrya, ol-ig-o-dak're-ah (oligo, dakru, a tear). 
Paucity of the lacrymal secretion. 
Oligogalac'tia or Oligoga'lia (oligo, gala, milk). 
Deficient lactation. Agalactia. 
Oligohse'mia. Oligaemia. 
Oligohydram'nios (oligo, hudor, water, amnion). 
Deficiency of amniotic fluid. 
Oligohy'dria. Deficiency of fluids or humors. 
Oligoma'nia. See Melancholy. Proposed as a sub- 
stitute for monomania, to signify a form of insanity 
affecting only a part of the mental faculties, having 
well-defined and systematic manifestations. 0., 
abou'lic, aboulomania. 0., agoraphobic, agora- 
phobia. 0., claustrophobic, claustrophobia. 0., 
mysophobic, mysophobia. 
Oligomenorrhoea, ol-ig-o-men-or-rhe'ah (oligo, men, 
month, rheo, to flow). Deficient menstrual flow. 
Oligopepsia (oligo, pepto, to digest). Weak digestion. 
Oligopionia, ol-ig-o-pe-o'ne-ah (oligos, pion, fat). 
Loss of flesh. 
Oligopo'sia (oligo, posis, drink). Diminution in the 
quantity of drinks. 
Oligopsychia, ol-ig-o-sik'e-ah (oligo, psuche, mind). 
Imbecility. 
Oligoria, ol-e-go're-ah. Condition, characterized 
by apathy, occurring in some varieties of mental af- 
flictions, in which the patients lose interest in their 
surroundings. 
Oligosialia, ol-ig-o-se-al'e-ah (oligo, sialon, saliva). 
Paucity of saliva. 
Oligospermat'ic. Eelating to oligospermia. 
Oligospermia, ol-ig-o-spur'me-ah (oligo, sperma, 
sperm). Paucity of spermatic secretion. 
Oligospondylous, ol-ig-o-spon'dil-us. Possessing 
few vertebrae. 
Ollgospon'dylus (oligo, spondulos, a vertebra). Pos- 
sessing few vertebrae; monster with defective verte- 
brae. 
Oligosteatosis, ol-ig-o-ste-at-o'sis (oligo, stear, tal- 
low). Defective secretion of sebum. 
Oligotrichia, ol-ig-o-trik'e-ah (oligo, thrix, hair). 
Want of hair; paucity of hair; poorly-developed 
hair. 
Oligotrophia, ol-ig-o-trof'e-ah (oligo, trepho, to nour- 
ish). Deficient nourishment. 
Oligotrophous, ol-ig-ot'rof-us (oligos, trepho, to nour- 
ish). Deficient in nourishment. 
Oligozoospermia, ol-ig-o-zo-o-spurm'e-ah (oligo, soon, 
animal, eidos, shape). Condition of sterility existing 
in the male in which the spermatozoa are few in num- 
ber and inactive. 
Oliguresia, ol-ig-ur-a'ze-ah, Oligure'sis, Oligoure'- 
sis, Oligoure'sia, Oligu'ria (oligo, oureo, to pass urine). 
Morbidly diminished urinary secretion. 
Oligydria, ol-ig-id're-ah (oligo, hidros, sweat). De- 
ficiency of sweat; ischidrosis. 
Olinic (o-lin'ik) acid. Acid contained in the form 
of a glyceride in oils when drying. 
Olisthe'ma (olisthaino. to slip). Luxation. 
Oli'va (olive). See Olea. Olive ; olivary body. 0. 
infe'rior, olivary body. 0. supebior, nucleus oli- 
varis superior. 
Oli'vae. Corpora olivaria. 
Oliva'ris. Olive-shaped. 
Ol'ivary. Olive-shaped. Eelating to the olive. 0. 
body, oval protuberance containing a large nucleus 
found on lateral surface of medulla just below the 
pons. 0. body, supe'rior, nucleus olivaris superior. 
0. eminence, olivary process. 0. fasciculus, lateral 
column of medulla. 0. nu'cleus, collection of gray 
matter folded like an empty pocket within the oli- 
vary body. 0. ped'uncle, fibres which, after surround- 
ing gray nucleus of olivary body within and without, 
are collected into a bundle; they end in the deep OLIVE 
arcuate fibres. 0. pro'cess, rounded prominence on 
upper surface of body of sphenoid in front of pitui- 
tary fossa. 0. sul'ci, grooves which separate olive 
from neighboring portions of medulla; the lateral 
(sulcus olivse lateralis) separates it from lateral tract; 
the medial (sulcus olivse medialis) is a continuation 
upward of posterior lateral sulcus of the medulla. 
Ol'ive. Fruit of Olea Europoea; also olivary body. 
0., infe'rior, olivary body. 0. oil, fixed oil expressed 
from the ripe fruit; bland, nearly odorless, pale yel- 
low or greenish yellow, oily liquid, sp. gr. .915 to 
.918; sparingly soluble in alcohol, freely so in ether; 
nutritious and mildly laxative; principally used in 
pharmacy as a constituent of liniments, ointments, 
cerates, and plasters. 0., supe'rior, nucleus olivaris 
superior. 
Olivella, ol-iv-el'lah. Cneorum tricoccum. 
Oliverin, ol-iv'er-in. Product obtained from bark 
of Olea Europsea; has been employed in place of 
quinine. 
Oliver's test. For bile in urine. Pulverized pep- 
tone, gr. xxx; salicylic acid, gr. iv; acetic acid, 
rrvxxx; enough distilled water to make ; fil- 
tered until perfectly transparent; of urine 
added to fgj of this solution will cause an opales- 
cence proportionate to the amount of bile present. 
Ol'ive-shaped. Olivary. Resembling an olive. 
See Corpora olivaria. 
Olivifor'mis (oliva, forma, shape). Olive-shaped. 
Olivile, ol'iv-ile. Crystalline principle obtained 
from exudation from bark of olive tree. 
Olivi'na. See Olea Europiea. 
Olivine, ol'iv-een. See Rutilin. 
Olivite, ol'iv-ite. Product derived from leaves or 
green fruit of olive tree. 
Ol'la (olla, a pot) cap'itis. Cranium. 
Ol'lier's meth'od or operation. A rhinoplastic 
operation in which an inverted flap, including peri- 
osteum, is taken from the forehead, and side flaps by 
preference from stump of the nose. 
Olophlyc'tis (holos, entire, phluktis, a vesicle). 
Herpes. 0. hydro'ica, miliaria rubra and miliaria 
crystallina. 0. labia'lis, herpes facialis. 0. pro- 
genita'lis, herpes progenitalis. 0. prolabia'lis, her- 
pes facialis. 0. volat'ica, strophulus volaticus. 
Olopho'nia (ollumi. to lose, phone, voice). Congenital 
misconstruction of the vocal organs. 0. la'bii loba'- 
ta, hare-lip. 0. lin'guse frsena'ta, see Ankyloglossum. 
0. L. P. Abbv. for occipito-lseva-posterior, left 
occipitoposterior position of foetus in labor. 
Olsnit'ium. Peucedanum palustre. 
Olshau'sen's operation. Ventrifixation of uterus 
for retroflexion. 
Olulano'sis. Disease of cats due to presence of 
Olulanus tricuspis in the lungs and stomach. 
Olula'nus tricus'pis. Nematode worm found in 
the stomach and lungs of cats. 
O'lus (a potherb). Lachanon. 
Olut kumbool. A remedy used in India in cases 
of neuralgic and congestive dysmenorrhoea. 
Oma (oma). In the termination of many pathologi- 
cal words signifies morbid condition, as in sarcoma, 
atheroma, etc. 
Omacephalia, o-mah-sef-al'e-ah. State of being an 
omacephalus. 
Omacephalus, o-mah-sef'al-us (omo, akephalos, de- 
void of head). A genus of paracephalous monsters 
without any neck-a slight depression indicating the 
limits of the head and body. The organs of special 
sense are rudimentary, and thoracic extremities ab- 
sent. 
O'magra (omo, agra, seizure). Gout in the shoul- 
der. 
Omal'gia (omo, algos, pain). Pain in the shoulder. 
Omarthritis, o-mar-thre'tis (omo, arthron, a joint). 
Inflammation of the shoulder-joint. 
Omarthrocace, o-mar-throk'as-e (omo, arthron, joint, 
kakos, bad). Arthrocace of the shoulder-joint. Ca- 
ries or suppuration of the shoulder-joint. 
Oma'sum or Oma'sus. Manyplies. Third stomach 
of ruminant animals. 
776 
OMOHYOI DEUS 
Omatocia, o-mat-o'se-ah (omo, tokos, birth). Shoul- 
der presentation; abortion; premature birth. 
Omeire. A vinous and acetous fermented milk 
used in Africa. 
Omen'ta (pl. of Omentum). Meninges. 
Omen'tal. Relating to the omentum. 
Omenta'sis. Epiploitis. 
Omenti'tis. Epiploitis. 
Omentocele, o-men-to-se'le (Eng. o-men'to-seel). 
Epiplocele. 
Omen'tula (dim. of Omentum). Appendiculse 
pinguedinosae. 
Omen'tulum. Lesser omentum. 
Omen'tum. Epiploon. 0. col'icum, epiploon, 
colic. 0., gas'tric, omentum majus. 0. gastrocol'i- 
cum, epiploon, gastrocolic. 0., gastrohepat'ic, 
omentum minus. 0., gastrosplen'ic, epiploon, gas- 
trocolic. 0. hepatogas'tricum, epiploon, gastrohe- 
patic. 0., less'er, epiploon, gastrohepatic. 0. ma'jus, 
epiploon, gastrocolic. 0. mi'nus, epiploon, gastro- 
hepatic. 0. os'sium, periosteum. 0., sac of the, 
see Epiploon, gastrohepatic. 0., third, epiploon, colic. 
Omichesis, o-mik-a'sis (pmicheo, to pass urine). 
Micturition. 
Omichma, o-mik'mah. Urine. 
Omichol'ic ac'id. Acid of red color in decompos- 
ing urine. 
Omicholin, om-ik'o-lin. Matter of a red color con- 
tained in decomposing urine. 
Omitis, o-me'tis. Inflammation in or about the 
shoulder-joint. 
Om'ma. Eye; vision. 
Om'ne o'vum ex o'vo (every living being from an 
egg). The maxim that every living body must be 
produced from a parent. 
Omniph'agus (omnis, all, phago, to eat). Omniv- 
orous. 
Om'nis cel'lula e cel'lula (every cell from a cell). 
An expression of the doctrine that every living cell 
originates from a parent cell. 
Omniv'orous (omnis, all, voro, to eat). Omnivorus. 
An epithet for animals which eat every kind of food, 
animal or vegetable-Pantophagists. 
Omnubilation, om-nu-bi-la'shun. A making or be- 
coming obscure or confused. 
O'mo (shoulder). In the composition of anatomi- 
cal terms, the scapula or shoulder-blade; in other 
cases, the shoulder. 
Omo-ankoneus, o'mo-an-ko-ne'us. Dorso-epitroch- 
learis. 
Omo-atlan'ticus. Levator claviculje. 
Omobrachialis, o-mo-brak-e-al'is. Coraco-brach- 
ialis. 
Omocace, o-mok'as-e. Diseased condition of the 
shoulder-joint. 
Omocervicalis, o-mo-sur-vik-al'is. Levator anguli 
scapulae. 
Omoclavicular, o-mo-klav-ik'u-lar. See Coracoclav- 
icular. 
Omocleido-hyoideus, o-mo-kli'do-he-o-id-a'us. Ac- 
cessory head of omohyoid, arising from the clavicle, 
apparently an extension of muscular fibres into a 
process of cervical fascia, confining posterior belly 
and intermuscular tendon. 
Omocot'yle. See Glene. 
Omodyn'ia (omo, odune, pain). Pain in the shoulder. 
0. rheumat'ica, rheumatism of the back, particularly 
of the shoulders. 
Omohyoid, o-mo-hi'oid. Relating or attached to 
hyoid bone and scapula. 
Omohyoid'eus. This muscle is situate obliquely at 
the sides and front of the neck; slender, long, and 
flat. Arises from the superior costa of the scapula, 
near the semilunar notch, and from the ligament that 
runs across it, and is inserted at the sides of the infe- 
rior margin of the body of the os hyoides. It con- 
sists of two fasciculi united by a common tendon, 
and is a true digastric muscle. Depresses the os 
hyoides, carrying it a little backward and to one side, 
except when it acts with its fellow, when the bone is 
depressed and drawn obliquely backward. OMOLITA 
Omolita, om-o-le'tah. Suprascapular bone. 
Omophagia, o-mo-faj'e-ah. Fondness for raw food; 
eating of raw food. 
Omophagus, o-mof'ag-us (omos, crude, phago, to 
eat). One who eats raw flesh. 
Omoplata, o-mo-plat'ah (plains, flat). Scapula. 
Omoplatohyoideus, om-o-plat-o-he-o-id'e-us. Omo- 
hyoideus. 
O'mos. Crude. Humerus. Shoulder. 
Omositia, o-mo-sish'e-ah (omos, crude, sitos, food). 
Omophagia. 
Omosternal, o-mo-sturn'al. Relating to omoster- 
num. 
Omoster'num. Interarticular fibrocartilage of 
sternoclavicular joint. 
Omostrophosis, o-mo-strof-o'sis (omo, strepho, to 
wrest). Dislocation of the shoulder. 
Omotar'ichos (pickled). Properly, the neck or 
shoulder-piece of a salted animal; once recommended 
against bites of vipers and hydrophobia. 
O'motes. Crudity. 
Omothy'roid. Aberrant form of omohyoid muscle, 
in which it sends fasciculi to be inserted upon supe- 
rior horn of thyroid cartilage. 
Omotocia, o-mo-to'se-ah (omo, tokos, birth). Abor- 
tion ; omatocia. 
Omotrapezal, o-mo-trap-e'zal. Relating to trape- 
zius and omohyoideus. 
Omotribes, o-mo'tri-bees (omos, crude, tribo, to 
bruise). Oil expressed from unripe olives. 
Omoyodes, om-o-e-o'dees. Omohyoideus. 
Omphace, om'fas-e (omphax, an unripe grape). 
Verjuice. 
Omphac'inum o'leum. Omotribes. 
Omphac'ion. The juice of unripe grapes; also 
verjuice. 
Om'phacis. An unripe gallnut. 
Omphaci'tes (vi'num). A name given to wine 
prepared from the unripe grape. 
Ompha'cium. Omphacion; verjuice. 
Omphacomeli, om - fak - om' el - e (omphax, unripe 
fruit, met, honey). A sort of oxymel, made of the 
juice of unripe grapes and honey. 
Omphalea (om-fal-e'ah) corda'ta. Ouabe oil-plant, 
growing in Guiana and the West Indies. The seeds 
can be eaten and have purgative properties; leaves 
are employed in dressing wounds; plant furnishes 
caoutchouc. 
Omphalectomy, om-fal-ek'to-me (omphalo, ektome, 
excision). Excision of the umbilicus. 
Omphalelcosis, om-fal-el-ko'sis (omphalo, helkos, an 
ulcer). Ulceration of the navel or of the umbilical 
cord. 
Omphalexoche, om-fal-ex'o-ke (omphalo, exoche, 
standingout). Umbilical hernia; exomphalus. 
Omphal'ic. Umbilical. 
Omphalister, om-fal-is'tur. Knife for cutting the 
umbilical cord. 
Omphali'tis. Inflammation of the umbilicus. 
Om'phalo (omphalos, navel). In composition, navel. 
Omphalobium (om-fal-o'be-um) pinna'turn. Tree 
of the East Indies; fruit, oil of fruit, and leaves 
have resolvent properties. 
Omphalocar'pus (omphalo, karpos, fruit). Galium 
aparine. 
Omphalocele, om-fal-o-se'le (Eng. om'fal-o-seel) (om- 
phalo, kele, rupture). Umbilical hernia ; exomphalos. 
Omphalocraniodid'ymus (omphalo, kranion, cra- 
nium, didumos, twin). Double monster in which the 
umbilical cord or the rudiment of one foetus is 
rooted in the cranium of another. 
Omphalodes, om-fal-o'dees. Omphaloid. 
Omphalo-enteric, om'fal-o-en-ter'ik. Belonging to 
the umbilicus and intestine, as the omphalo-enteric 
canal. See Vesicula umbilicalis. 
Om'phaloid. Navel-like; umbilicated. 
Omphalolysis, om-fal-ol'is-is (omphalo, lusis, sepa- 
ration). Omphalotomy. 
Omphalomantia, om-fal-o-man-te'ah (omphalo, man- 
teia, prophecy). Omphalomancy. A species of divina- 
tion practised by credulous matrons, who pretend to 
777 
r ONCOGRAPH 
be able to know the number of children a female 
will have by the number of knots in the funis. 
Omphalomesenteric (om-fal-o-mes-en-ter'ik) or Om- 
phalomesera'ic omphalo, mesenterion, mesentery). 
Relating to the umbilicus and mesentery. 0. duct, 
passage in fcetus connecting small intestine with 
umbilical vesicle; vestige often found in the adult 
as a small diverticulum. 0. vein, main venous stem 
returning blood from yolk-sac to embryo. 0. ves'- 
sels, two very fine vessels on parietes of umbilical 
vesicle. 
Omphalomonodidymi, om-fal-o-mon-o-did'im-e (om- 
phalos, monos, alone, didumos, navel). Condition in 
which union of twins at the navel exists. 
Omphaloncus, om-fal-on'kus (omphalo, onkos, swell- 
ing). Omphalophyma; umbilical tumor. 
Omphaloneuron, om-fal-o-nu'ron (omphalo, neuron, 
sinew, ligament). Funiculus umbilicalis; umbilical 
cord. 
Omphaloneurorrhexis, om-fal-o-nu-ro-reks'is (om- 
phalo, rhexis, rupture). Omphalorrhexis. 
Omphaloneurostrepsis, om-fal-o-nu-ro-strep'sis. 
Twisted condition of umbilical cord. 
Omphalop'agus (omphalo, pegnumi, to fasten to- 
gether). Double monster united by anterior aspects 
of bodies, having single umbilicus at lower point of 
fusion. For species, see Gastrodidymus, Prosopodidy- 
mus, Stemodidymus, Xiphodidymus. 
Omphalophlebitis, om-fal-o-fleb-e'tis (omphalo, phle- 
bitis, inflammation of vein). Inflammation of the 
umbilical vein. 
Omphalophlegmone, om-fal-o-fleg'mo-ne. Omphal- 
itis. 
Omphalophyma, om-fal-o-fe'ma (omphalo, phuma, 
tumor). Tumor of the navel. 
Omphalopropto'sis (proptosis, falling foward). Ex- 
omphalus ; protrusion of navel. 
Omphalorrhagia (om-fal-or-rhaj'e-ah) or Omphal- 
or'rhage (rhage, rupture or discharge). Hemorrhage 
from the umbilicus, in the new-born in particular. 
Omphalorrhexis, om-fal-or-rheks'is (omphalo, rhexis, 
rupture). Rupture of the funis. 
Omphalorrhcea, om-fal-or-rhe'ah (omphalo, rheo, to 
flow). Discharge from the umbilicus. 
Om'phalos. Umbilicus. 
Om'phalosite (omphalo, sitos, nourishment). Mon- 
ster possessing an imperfect kind of life, which ceases 
when the umbilical cord is divided. 
Omphalosoter, om-fal-o-so'ter (omphalo, soter, pre- 
server). Instrument devised for the reduction of a 
prolapsed umbilical cord. 
Omphalotacterium, om-fal-o-tak-ta're-um. Instru- 
ment for placing umbilical cord in position. 
Omphalotaxis, om-fal-o-taks'is. Manipulation of 
replacing umbilical cord when prolapsed. 
Omphalot'omy (omphalo, tome, section). Division 
of the funis or umbilical cord. 
Om'phalus. Umbilicus. 
O'mum oil. Ajowan oil; derived from fruit of 
Carum ajowan, containing thymol. 
O'mus. Crude. Humerus. Shoulder. 
Onage. Poison contained in strophanthus seeds; 
used by natives of Africa for poisoning arrows. 
On'agra. CEnothera biennis. 
Ona'nia. See Onanism. 
O'nanism (after Onan, Gen. xxxviii. 9). Generally 
but improperly confounded with masturbation; now 
usually applied to incomplete coitus, when the male 
organ is withdrawn in time to prevent the semen 
from entering the female organs of generation; some- 
times called' Conjugal onanism. 
Onanis'tic. Relating or appertaining to onanism. 
O'nar. Somnium. 
Onco'ba spino'sa. Tree of order Flacourtiacem or 
Tiliacese, native of Egypt and Senegal; fruit is edible. 
Oncocarpus (on-ko-karp'us) Fitien'sis. Itch-tree 
growing in the Fiji Islands; so called because any 
part of the tree gives rise to severe cutaneous irrita- 
tation. Caustic juice of the fruit is employed by the 
islanders in leprosy. 
Oncograph, onk'o-graf (onkos, grapho, to write). In- ONCOLOGY 
strument for recording variations in volume of a body, 
such as the spleen. 
Oncol'ogy (pnkos, tumor, logos, discourse). Trea- 
tise on tumors. 
On'come. Scotch term, according to Sir Walter 
Scott, for " mysterious diseases which baffle the reg- 
ular physician." 
Oncometer, onk-om'e-ter (onkos, metron, measure). 
Instrument for measuring variations in volume of 
bodies, the dimensions of tumors, etc. 
On'cos or On'cus. Tumor. 
Onco'ses. Tumors, as diseases. 
Onco'sis. Intumescence. 
Oncothlipsis, ouk-o-thlip'sis (onkos, tumor, thlipsis, 
pressure). Pressure due to presence of a tumor. 
Oncot'omy (pnkos, tome, incision). Onkotomy. Ex- 
cision of a tumor. Opening of an abscess with a cut- 
ting instrument. 
One'berry. Paris. 
Onelrocriticus, on-i-ro-krit'ik-us (pneiron, dream, 
krisis, judgment). One who judges according to 
dreams. 
Oneirodynia (pneiron, odune, pain). Painful dream. 
Incubus and somnambulism are oneirodyni;e. 0. ac- 
ti'va, depraved, disturbed, or morbid dreaming; 
somnambulism. 0. gra'vans, incubus. 
Oneirogmus, on-i-rog'mus (oneiron, dream). A las- 
civious dream; pollution; nocturnal pollution. 
Oneirog'one. Oneirogmus. 
Oneirogonorrhce'a. Pollution, nocturnal. 
Oneirog'onos (pneiron, dream, gonos, seed). Pollu- 
tion. 
Oneirogyne, on-i-rog'in-e (pneiron, a dream, gune, 
woman). Lascivious dream. 
Oneirol'ogy (oneiron, dream, logos, description). 
Doctrine of dreams. 
Oneiromantia, on-i-ro-man-te'ah (oneiron, manteia, 
divination). The art of divining by dreams or of in- 
terpreting dreams. 
Onei'ron. A dream. 
Oneiron'osus (oneiron, dream, nosos, a disease). 
Morbid, uneasy dreaming. 
Oneiropole'sis or Oneiropol'ia. A dream. 
Onei'ros. A dream. 
On'era al'vi (load of the bowels). Excrement. 
0. ven'tris (load of the belly), excrement. 
On'ion (L. wnio), bog. Asmunda regalis. 0., com'- 
mon, bulb of Allium cepa. Diuretic, expectorant, 
rubefacient, stimulant. Old English term for &wnion. 
0., pota'to, Allium cepa. 0., sea, see Scilla maritima. 
Onis, on'is. Dung of the ass; once employed in 
medicine. 
Onis'ci asel'li. Woodlice, Slaters, Hoglice; had at 
one time a place in the pharmacopoeias; they were 
considered stimulant and diuretic, and useful in 
jaundice. 
Onls'cus (dim. of Onos, an ass). A genus of insects, 
class Crustaceae, very common in cellars and dark 
and moist places. 
Oni'tis. Origanum dictamnus. 
Onkinocele, onk-in-o-se'le (Eng. onk'in-o-seel). 
Swelling accompanying inflammation of sheaths of 
tendons. 
Onkot'oxny. Oncotomy. 
Onobai'o. Arrow-poison used by natives of Obock. 
Onomatol'ogy (onoma, a name, logos, a discourse). 
Nomenclature. 
Onomatomania, on-o-mat-o-man'e-ah. Mental dis- 
tress at inability to recall names, or irresistible im- 
pulse to repeat, or morbid dream of, some particular 
word. 
Ono'nin. Crystallizable, tasteless glucoside ob- 
tained from root of Ononis spinosa. 
Ono'nis antiquo'rum. O. spinosa. 0. arven'sis 
has properties like the next. 0. spino'sa, ord. Legu- 
minosfe. Root is used as a diuretic. 
Onopor'don or Onopor'dum acan'thium (onos, ass, 
per do, to break wind). Cotton thistle, ord. Compositae; 
expressed juice has been recommended as a cure for 
cancer, applied externally. 
Onosmo'dium Virginia'num. False gromwell, ord. 
778 
ONYCHOPHYMA 
Boraginese; indigenous; root and seeds are diuretic 
and tonic; said to dissolve calculi. 
On'thus. Excrement. 
Ontogen'esis or Ontog'eny (on, a being, gennao, to 
produce). Development or genesis of the individual. 
Embryology. 
Ontol'ogy (on, ontos, a being, logos, a discourse). 
Term used sometimes for metaphysics generally, but 
more frequently for that portion of it which deals in 
generalities, and which embraces, therefore, the spec- 
ulative and chimerical. Medical ontology treats of 
diseases of distinct entities, without reference to the 
part or parts affected. 
On'ycha. See Bdellium and Cistus creticus. 
Onychatrophia, on-ik-at-rof'e-ah {onycho, atrophia, 
want of nourishment). Atrophy of the nails. 
Onychauxe (on-ik-aux'e) or Onychaux'is {onycho, 
auxe, increase). Unusual increase of the size and 
thickness of the nails. 
Onychexallaxis, on-ik-ex-al-laks'is (onycho, exal- 
laxis, change). Degeneration of the nails. 
Onychia, o-nik'e-ah. Paronychia. Inflammation 
and suppuration at the side or root of the nail. 0. 
malig'na, malignant variety of onychia, generally 
due to traumatism, characterized by the presence of 
ulceration and granular condition and foul-smelling 
discharge. 0. parasit'ica, onychomycosis. 0. peri- 
ungualis, perionychia. 0. scrofulo'sa, onychia 
caused by scrofulosis. 
Onychisterion, on-ik-ist-a're-on. Instrument em- 
ployed for trimming the nails. 
Onychitis, on-ik-e'tis. Inflammation of a nail. 
See Paronychia. 
On'ycho. In composition, a nail. 
Onychocampe, on-ik-o-kam'pe {onycho, kampe, curv- 
ature). Onychogryphosis. 
Onychoclasis, on-ik-o-klah'sis {onycho, klasis, frac- 
ture). Fracture of a nail. 
Onychocline, on-ik-o-kle'ne {onycho, kline, bed). 
The sensitive bed or stroma under the nail. 
Onychocrypto'sis {onycho, kruptus, concealed). Dis- 
ease of nail-follicles. 
Onychogryphosis (on-ik-o-grif-o'sis) Onychogryp- 
o'sis, or Onychogrypto'sis {onycho, gryposis, crooked- 
ness). Hypertrophy with curvature of the nails, 
Ungues adunci, such as occurs in hectic individuals. 
Also growing-in of the nails. 
Onychohelcosis, on-ik-o-hel-ko'sis. Ulcerated con- 
dition of nail. 
On'ychoid. Eesembling a nail. 
Onycholepra, on-ik-ol'ep-rah. Leprosy involving 
the nails. 
Onycholysis, on-ik-ol'is-is. Atrophy of the nails. 
Onychomantia, on-ik-o-man-te'ah {onycho, manteia, 
divination). Divination from the appearance of the 
nails. 
Onychomyco'sis or Onychomykosis, on-ik-o-mi- 
ko'sis {onycho, mycosis, fungous growth). Onychia par- 
asitica. A parasitic disease, tinea trichophytina, of 
the substance of the nail, commencing at the root and 
extending downward, the nail becoming claw-shaped, 
thickened, rough, and fissured-Favus of the nail. It 
is dependent on a fungus, Achorion keratophagus, 
and attacks also the hoofs of the horse, mule, etc. 0. 
circina'ta, onychomycosis trichophytina. 0. ton'- 
surans or trichophyti'na, ringworm affecting the 
nails, due to trichophyton tonsurans. 
Onychon'osi {onycho, nosos, disease). Diseases of 
the nails. 
Onychon'osus. Disease of the nails. 
Onychopath'ic {onycho, pathos, disease). Eelating 
to affections of the nails. 
Onychophosis, on-ik-o-fo'sis. Disease of the toe- 
nails, consisting of induration of the corneous layers 
of epidermis beneath the nail. 
Onychophthora (on-ik-of'tho-rah), Onychophtho'- 
ria, Onycoph'thora, or Onycophtho'ria {onycho, phtho- 
ra, degeneration). Degenerate condition or destruc- 
tion of the nails. 
Onychophyma, on-ik-o-fe'mah {onycho, phuma, tu- 
mor). A painful degeneration of the nails, which be- ONYCHOPHYTON 
come thick, rough, and crooked; occurring as a symp- 
tom of syphilis and lepra. 
Onychophyton, on-ik-of'it-on (pnux, phuton, plant). 
Onychomycosis. 
Onychopto'sis (pnycho, ptosis, falling). Falling off 
of the nails. 
Onychorrhiza, on-ik-or-rhe'zah (pnycho, rhiza, root). 
Root of the nail. 
Onychosarcoma, on-ik-o-sark-o'mah (pnux, sarx, 
flesh). Fleshy outgrowth on a nail. 
Onycho'ses (pl. of Onychosis). Generic term for 
diseases of the nails. 
Onycho'sis. Disease of the nails. 0. arctu'ra, 
ingrowing nail; see Arctura. 0. grypho'sis, onycho- 
gryphosis. 0. lap'sus, onycholysis. 0. molli'ties, 
soft condition of nails. 0. tin'ea, onychomycosis. 
Onychostro'ma (pnycho, stroma, bed). The sensitive 
bed or stroma under the nail. 
Onychostromelcosis, on-ik-o-strom-elk-o'sis. Ul- 
cerated condition of the hed of the nail. 
Onychothlasis, on-ik-oth'las-is. Crusting of the 
nails. 
Onyclein, on-ik'le-in. Brownish granules found in 
matrix of nails, resembling keratohyaline. 
Onygosis, on-ig-o'sis. Onychosis. 
O'nyx. Hook (blunt); nail; pterygion. Collection 
of purulent matter between the laminae of the cor- 
nea having the shape of a nail. 
Onyx'is. Ingrowing nail; see Onychogryphosis. 
0., re'tro-un'gueal, onychia commencing at root of 
nail. 0. syphilit'ica, onychia syphilitica. 
Onyxi'tis. See Paronychia. 
0'oblast (oon, egg, blastano, to grow). Cell which 
develops into an ovule ; primordial ovule. 
Ooboo-waioo. Beriberi. 
Oocalymma, o-o-kal-im'mah. Oiocalymma. 
Obcye'sis (oon, kuesis, pregnancy). Ovarian preg- 
nancy. 
Oodeocele, o-o-de-o-se'le (Eng. o-o'de-o-seel). Her- 
nia foramiuis ovalis. 
Od'des. Oval. Aqueous humor. 
Oog'ala or Oog'la (oon, gala, milk). Milk of eggs, 
a preparation of eggs and milk. 
Obg'amous (oon, gamos, marriage). Applied to be- 
ings reproduced through an ovum. 
Oogenesis, o-o-jen'es-is. Origin and development 
of ova. 
Ooid, o'oid (oon, eidos, resemblance). Oval. Aque- 
ous humor 
Ookine'sis (oon, kinesis, movement). Series of 
movements and form-changes of ovum during matur- 
ation, fecundation, and first segmentation. 
Oolecithymen, o-o-les-ith'im-en. Vitelline mem- 
brane. 
Oolemma (o-o-lem'mah) pellu'cidum (oon, lemma, 
sheath). Zona pellucida. 
Obleucon, o-o-lu'kon (oon, leukos, white). Albumen 
ovi. 
Oology, o-ol'o-je (oon, logos, discourse). Ovology. 
Description of the ovum. 
Obmycetes, o-o-me-sa'tees (oon, makes, fungus). Sub- 
division of fungi. 
O'on. Ovum. 
Obnine, o'on-een. Albumen. 
Oophagous, o-of'ag-us (oon, phago, to eat). Feed- 
ing on eggs. 
Oophoralgia, o-of-o-ral'je-ah (oophoron, algos, pain). 
Neuralgia of the ovary; ovarian irritation. 
Obphoraux'e or Obphoraux'is (oophoron, auxe, 
increase). Enlargement of the ovary. 
Oophorectom'ia or Oophorectomy, o-of-o-rek'to-me 
(poplioron, ektome, excision). Ovariotomy. 
Oophor'ia (oophoron, ovary). Hysteria. 
Oophori'tis. Oaritis; ovaritis. 0., follic'ular, 
inflamed condition of Graafian follicles. 0., perito- 
ne'al, inflammation of the peritoneum around the 
ovary. 
Obph'oro-ep'ilepsy. Epilepsy dependent upon 
ovarian disease. 
Oophoromalacia, o-of-or-o-mal-ah'se-ah (oophoron, 
malakia, softening). Softened condition of the ovary. 
779 
OPERATION 
Oophoroma'nia. Insanity resulting from ovarian 
disease. 
Ooph'oron. Ovary. Eegion of ovary in which 
ova are developed. 
Oophoropathl'a (oophoron, pathos, affection). Dis- 
ease of the ovary. 
Obph'oro-salpingec'tomy (oophoron, salpinx, tube). 
Excision of ovary and Fallopian tube. 
Oophor'rhaphy (oophoron, rhapto, to stitch together). 
Operation for displaced ovary; suture of hilus of 
ovary to relaxed infundibulo-pelvic ligament. 
Ooph'orum (oora, phero, to bear). Ovary. 
©oplasma, o-o-plaz'mah. Vitellus. 
Oori'tis. Inflammation of the ovary. 
O'dskope (oon, skopeo, to observe). Apparatus for 
observing the development of the egg. 
O'bsperm (oon, sperma, germ). Fertilized ovum. 
O'dspore (oon, sporos, seed). Ovum; egg-cell. 
Odtoc'ia (ootokeo, to lay eggs). Ovulation. 
Op, as a prefix. See Ob. 
Opacity, o-pas'it-e (opacus, obscure). Opaqueness. 
Incapability of transmitting light; reverse of trans- 
parency. Opacity of the cornea constitutes albugo or 
leucoma. See Ceratitis suppurans. 0. of lens, see 
Cataract. 
Opales'cent or Opaline, o'pal-een. That which 
resembles the opal. A fluid is said to be opaline 
when milky, and when it presents an appearance 
more or less like that of the opal. 0. patch, see 
Patch, opaline, and Condyloma. 0. plaques of the 
mouth, leucoplasia buccalis. 
Opaque, o-pake'. An epithet given to bodies which 
do not permit the passage of rays of light. The 
opaque cornea is the sclerotica, in contradistinction 
to the transparent cornea or true cornea. 0. nerve- 
fi'bres, continuance of medullary sheaths of fibres 
of optic nerves beyond lamina cribrosa, exhibiting 
bright white patches upon the nervous coat of the eye. 
Opaqueness, o-pake'ness. Opacity. 
O'pe. Foramen. 
O'pening. Orificium; os; ostium; apertura. 0., 
abdom'inal, of o'viduct, ostium abdominale tub® 
Fallopii. 0., aor'tic, opening in diaphragm for 
passage of aorta. 0., oesophage'al, opening in dia- 
phragm through which the aorta passes. 0., saphe'- 
nous, foramen saphense, opening below Poupart's lig- 
ament, through which saphenous vein passes. 
Opeocele, o-pe-o-se'le (Eng. o'pe-o-seel) (ope, fora- 
men, kele, rupture). Obturator hernia. See Tube, 
Fallopian. 
Operable, op'er-a-b'l. Admitting of operation; 
allowing an operation to be performed, as new 
growths, etc. 
Opera'tio (opus, work). Action; operation. 0. 
chem'ica or pharmaceu'tica, operation, chemical or 
pharmaceutical. 0. chirur'gica, see Operation. 0. 
ma'jor, operation, major. 0. mi'nor, see Operation, 
major. 0. sim'plex, a simple incision or operation. 
Operation. The application of instruments to 
the human body with the view of removing diseases. 
The object of an operation, operatio chirurgica, is 
generally to divide or reunite parts, to extract ex- 
traneous or noxious bodies, and to replace organs that 
are wanting, by different instruments or artificial 
means. The principal operatory methods have been 
called Synthesis, Diseresis, Exseresis, and Prothesis. 
Frequently the most difficult subject connected with 
an operation is to decide when it is absolutely called 
for or advisable, and when improper. Many surgical 
operations have been named after their proposers ; 
these will be found under their respective alphabeti- 
cal heads, as Adams's operation, Buchanan's operation, 
etc. 0., bilat'eral, see Lithotomy. 0., chem/ical 
or pharmaceutical, is any process whose object is 
the preparation of medicines, their combinations 
with each other, analysis, and decomposition; such 
are solution, distillation, sublimation, evaporation, 
digestion, maceration, infusion, decoction, calcination, 
etc. Some of these operations are mechanical; others, 
really chemical. 0., high, see Lithotomy. 0., lat - 
eral, see Lithotomy. 0., an important opera- OPERATIONS 
tion requiring a high degree of surgical skill and 
efficiency, as amputation at the hip-joint, etc. Ova- 
riotomy performed with a long incision is so called, as 
the same operation with a short incision is called the 
Minor operation. 0., mi'nor, one of the operations 
of minor surgery; see Operation, major. 0., plas'tic, 
see Surgery. 0., Sigaul'tian, symphyseotomy. 
Operations, cap'ital. See Surgery, operative. 0., 
ma'jor, see Surgery, operative. 0., mi'nor, see Surgery, 
operative. 
Operative, op'er-a-tiv. Effective; relating to op- 
erations, as operative surgery. See Surgery, operative. 
Op'erator. A surgeon who is in the habit of prac- 
tising the greater operations. To be a successful 
operator the surgeon must be well acquainted with 
anatomy and be possessed of decision, good judgment, 
and strong nerve. See Surgeon. 
Opercula, o-pur'ku-lah. Small membranous pro- 
cesses from the margins of the dental follicles, which 
unite and form a lid to the follicles after they are 
closed in the development of the teeth. 
Oper'cular. Relating to the operculum. In the 
nature of a lid or cover. 
Oper'culum (operio, to cover). A cover or lid. In 
fishes, the gill-cover. 0. as'perae arte'riae, larynx. 
0. cu'tis, epidermis. 0. ilei, ileocsecal valve; valve 
of Bauhin. 0. in'sulse, triangular eminence between 
ascending and posterior branches of Sylvian fissure, 
formed by portion of inferior frontal and of precentral 
convolutions, and covering a considerable portion of 
the island of Reil. 0. laryn'gis, epiglottis. 0. oc'uli, 
eyelid. 0. papilla'rum, a nipple-shield. 0. sel'lae, 
sheet of dura mater passing over pituitary fossa of 
sphenoid, binding down the pituitary body. 
Operimen'tum (operio, to cover). Operculum. 0. 
intestino'rum, epiploon. 0. prseten'sum abdom'- 
inis, peritoneum. 
Opertor'ium. Operculum. 
Oph. Abbv. for ophthalmoscope, ophthalmoscopy, 
or ophthalmia. 
Ophe'lia chira'ta. Gentiana chirayta. SeeChirata. 
Ophelic (of-el'ik) acid. Bitter acid principle iso- 
lated from chirata. 
Ophiasis, of-e-as'is (ophis, a serpent). Calvities; 
porrigo decal vans. Lepra. 0. sor'dida, see Lepra 
nigricans. 
Ophid'ia. Order of reptiles including snakes. 
Ophid'ian. Belonging to or resembling serpents. 
Ophidomonas, of-id-om'on-as (ophis, serpent, monos, 
single). Genus of Schizomycetes. 
Ophioglos'sum luna'ria. Moonwort. Leaves are 
astringent, and have been used in domestic practice 
in fluxes. 0. vulgat'um (ophis, a serpent, glossa, 
tongue), Adder's tongue, ord. Filices. This plant was 
formerly considered to be vulnerary. 
Ophiography, of-e-og'raf-e. See Herpetography. 
Ophiophagous, of-e-of'ag-us (ophis, a serpent, phago, 
to eat). Epithet for animals which feed on serpents. 
Certain African tribes have been called by this name. 
Ophiorrhi'za (ophis, serpent, rhiza, root). 0. man- 
gos, fam. Gentianacese. Root has been called Radix 
serpentum, Mangos radix. The bitter root is much 
esteemed in Java, Sumatra, etc. for preventing the 
effects that usually follow the bite of the naja, a 
venomous serpent; with which view it is eaten by 
the natives. It is also a reputed anthelmintic. 
Ophiosis, of-e-o'sis (ophis, serpent). Variety of alo- 
pecia circumscripta in which desquamation occurs. 
Ophiostaphylon, of-e-o-staf'il-on (ophis, a serpent, 
staphule, grape). Bryonia alba. 
Ophioxyline, of-e-oks'il-een. Alkaloid from Oph- 
ioxylon serpentinum. 
Ophiox'ylon. Ophioxylum. 
Ophiox'ylum (ophis, a serpent, xulon, wood). Aca- 
weria, ord. Apocynacese. Has been recommended in 
the bites of serpents and in intermittents; said to be 
very bitter. 
O'phis. Serpent. 
Ophi'tes. Serpentine or black porphyry; formerly 
worn as an amulet to cure diseases of the head. 
Ophlyctis, of-lik'tis. Aphthae. 
780 
OPHTHALMIA 
Ophritis, of-re'tis. Inflammation of the eyebrow. 
Ophrya, of're-ah. Eyebrow. 
Oph'ryo-alve'olo-auric'ular angle. Facial angle 
measured by two lines drawn from ophryon and 
auricular point which meet at alveolar point. 
Oph'ryo-in'iac arc. Arc measured on cranial sur- 
face from ophryon to inion. 
Oph'ryon. In craniometry, point where the supra- 
orbital line cuts the medial line; the glabella. 
Oph'ryo-opis'thiac arc. Arc measured on cranial 
surface from ophryon to opisthion. 
Ophryospi'nal angle. Jacquart's angle. See 
Facial angle. 
Ophryptheiriasis, of-rip-thi-ri-as'is. Phtheiriasis 
of eyebrows and eyelashes. 
Oph'rys. Eyebrow. 
Ophryt'ic. Pertaining to the eyebrow. 
Ophthal'magra (ophthalmos, agra, a seizure). A sud- 
den gouty or other pain of the eye. 
Ophthalmal'gia (ophthalrnos, eye, algos, pain). Pain 
in the eye; neuralgia of the eye. 
Ophttialmatro'phia, Ophthal'matrophy (pphthal- 
mos, eye, atrophia, atrophy). Atrophy of the eyeball. 
Ophthalmemicrania, of-thal-mem-e-kran'e-ah. 
Epileptoid amaurosis. Sudden attack of blindness, 
thought to be of the same character as epilepsy. 
Ophthalmempas'ma (empasso, to strew upon). Dry 
collyrium. 
Ophthalmenceph'alon (enlcephalos, brain). Portion 
of the eye developed from the brain. 
Ophthalmentozoon, of-thal-men-to-zo'on. Parasite 
existing in the eye. 
Ophthalmia (of-thal'me-ah), Ophthalmitis. Three 
great varieties of ophthalmia, independently of the 
acute and chronic (which conditions occur in all in- 
flammations), may be reckoned: Ophthalmia mem- 
branarum, 0. purulenta, and 0. tarsi. The first is 
characterized by the general symptoms of ophthal- 
mia-pain and redness of the eye or its appendages, 
with intolerance of light and unusual flow of tears, 
the inflammation being seated chiefly in the coats of 
the eyeball. It is called also Conjunctivitis, Catarrhal 
ophthalmia, Ophthalmoconjunctivitis, Conjunctival or Lac- 
rymose ophthalmia. Simple conjunctivitis, hyperaemia 
with catarrhal or muco-purulent secretion. 
In Purulent ophthalmia the internal surface of the 
palpebrse associates in the inflammation of the eye- 
ball, and there is a copious secretion of a purulent 
fluid. An epidemic and contagious variety of this is 
the Egyptian ophthalmia, Military ophthalmia, Suppura- 
tive or Granulous ophthalmia, Epidemic contagious oph- 
thalmia-called Egyptian from its prevalence in Egypt 
during the British expedition under Sir Ralph Aber- 
crombie. Inflammation is rapid and destructive; 
granulations shoot from the tunica conjunctiva, and 
occasionally there is intolerable pain, often succeeded 
by delirium; a contagious form, probably due to micro- 
organisms tending to become chronic, with granular 
lids; see Trachoma. In new-born children a species 
of purulent ophthalmia, usually gonorrhoeal, 0. neo- 
natorum, in which the palpebrse are florid and pecu- 
liarly tumid, is by no means uncommon. It seems to 
be caused by acrid discharges from the mother, ap- 
plied to the eye of the infant during its exit, or to 
the stimulus of the light when the child first opens 
its eyes. An acute and severe form of purulent oph- 
thalmia is produced by the infection of urethral dis- 
charges, Gonorrhoeal ophthalmia, Gonorrhoeal conjuncti- 
vitis. 
Ophthalmia is likewise modified by the condition 
of the constitution, and hence we have strumous, vari- 
olous, exanthematous, and other inflammations of the 
conjunctiva. 
The third variety, Tarsal ophthalmia, is seated chiefly 
in the tarsus or eyelid; the sebaceous crypts secret- 
ing a viscid and acrid fluid that glues and ulcerates 
its edges and irritates the eye. When accompanied 
with ulceration and much itching it constitutes Psor- 
ophthalmia, Tinea of the eyelids. 
Different forms of inflammation of the conjunctiva 
may be thus classed: OPHTHALMIA 
1. Pure or phlegmonous. 
2. Pustular. 
3. Granular or catarrhal . . . 
781 
OPHTHALMOCENTESIS 
Contagious. 
Non-contagious. 
Miasmatic. 
Exanthematic 
' Erysipelatous. 
Variolous. 
Morbillous. 
. Scarlatinous. 
Conjunctivitis 
Of new-born infants. 
Gonorrhceal. 
Egyptian. 
4. Purulent 
Another rare form of ophthalmia is met with, 
Diphtheritic conjunctivitis, in which the discharge often 
assumes the form of thin, yellowish patches, some- 
times of thick, opaque membrane. It is complicated 
•with corneal affections, and the prognosis is unfavor- 
able. In Phlyctenular ophthalmia, Scrofulous corneitis, 
Herpes of the conjunctiva and cornea, there is generally 
seen a triangular bundle of conjunctival vessels, at 
the apex of which one or more small herpetic vesicles 
or pustules appear, especially at the outer side of the 
cornea. When the pustules are very numerous, it has 
been termed Pannus herpeticus. 
Exanthematous or Exanthematic ophthalmia is called 0. 
morbillosa, 0. scarlatinosa, 0. variolosa, 0. erysipelatosa, 
according to the disease with which it is associated, 
whether measles, scarlatina, smallpox, or erysipelas. 
Conjunctivitis, when slight, requires little treat- 
ment, mild astringent and antiseptic applications, 
etc., and particularly avoiding exposure to light, 
being all that is necessary. When more severe, the 
treatment must be more vigorous and adapted to the 
special circumstances of the case. In purulent oph- 
thalmia measures must be employed to prevent disor- 
ganization. In ophthalmia tarsi the eyelids must be 
prevented from being glued together during the 
night, and the irritation caused by attempts at sepa- 
rating them in the morning thus avoided. 
Ophthal'mia JEgypti'aca. O., Egyptian ; see Oph- 
thalmia. 0. Asiat'ica, see Ophthalmia. 0. bel'lica, 
see Ophthalmia. 0. bilio'sa, ophthalmia from biliary 
derangement. 0., catar'rhal, see Ophthalmia. 0. 
catarrhal'is bel'lica, see Ophthalmia. 0. chron'ica, 
lippitudo. 0., conjuncti'val, see Ophthalmia. 0. 
contagio'sa, see Ophthalmia. 0., Egyp'tian, see Oph- 
thalmia. 0. epidem'ica, see Ophthalmia. 0. erysipe- 
lato'sa, see Ophthalmia. 0., exanthem'atous, see Oph- 
thalmia. 0. glutino'sa, see Ophthalmia. 0., gonor- 
rhoe'al, see Ophthalmia. 0. gonorrho'ica, see Oph- 
thalmia. 0., gran'ular, trachoma. 0. hu'mida, see 
Ophthalmia. 0., lac'rymose, see Ophthalmia. 0. mem-* 
brana'rum, see Ophthalmia. 0., mil'itary, see Oph- 
thalmia. 0. morbillo'sa, see Ophthalmia. 0. neona- 
to'rum, see Ophthalmia. 0., neuroparalyt'ic, occur- 
ring in paralysis of sensation of the cornea, resulting 
from perforation. 0., phlycten'ular, characterized 
by formation of blebs, phlyctenulae, or pustules upon 
bulbar conjunctivae; see Ophthalmia. 0. psor'ica, see 
Ophthalmia tarsi. 0. purifor'mis, see Ophthalmia. 0. 
puromucosa, Egyptian ophthalmia; see Ophthalmia. 
0. purulen'ta, O. characterized by purulent dis- 
charge; see Ophthalmia. 0. purulen'ta contagio'sa, 
see Ophthalmia. 0. purulen'ta epidem'ica, see Oph- 
thalmia. 0. purulen'ta infan'tum, see Ophthalmia. 0., 
pus'tular, O., phlyctenular. 0., rheumat'ic, scleroti- 
tis. 0. scarlatino'sa, see Ophthalmia. 0., scrof'u- 
lous or stru'mous, see Ophthalmia and Phlyctenular. 
0. sic'ca, inflammation of the eye without discharge. 
0., sup'purative, see Ophthalmia. 0., sympathetic, 
inflammation of one eye caused by disease or injury 
of the other. 0., syphilit'ic, see Ophthalmia. 0. 
tarax'is, see Ophthalmia. 0. tar'si, blepharitis; see 
Ophthalmia. O. ulcero'sa, ophthalmia with ulcera- 
tion. 0., var'icose, cirsophthalmia. 0. variolo'sa, 
see Ophthalmia. 0. ve'ra, see Ophthalmia. 0. viru- 
len'ta, purulent conjunctivitis. 
Ophthalmia'ter {ophthalmos, iatros, a physician). 
Oculist. 
Ophthalmiatri'a. Ophthalmiatrotechnia, Ophthalmo- 
therapia. Art of the oculist; treatment of diseases 
of the eye. 
Ophthalmiat'ric. Relating or appertaining to the 
treatment of diseases of the eye. 
Ophthalmiatrics, of-thal-me-at'riks {ophthalmos, 
iatrike, surgery). Ophthalmology. 
Ophthalmiatrotechnica,of-thal-me-at-ro-tek'nik-ah 
{ophthalmiater, techne, art). Art of the oculist; treat- 
ment of diseases of the eye. 
Ophthal'mic. Relating or belonging to the eye. 
0. ar'tery arises from the internal carotid, and issues 
from the cranium by the foramen opticum. At first 
it is situate at the outer and lower side of the optic 
nerve, but ascends above the nerve and passes toward 
the inner angle of the orbit. It furnishes in its course 
the lacrymal, centralis retinae, infra-orbitars, anterior 
ciliaries, inferior and superior musculars, anterior and 
posterior ethmoidals, and superior and inferior palpe- 
brals. After having given off these it divides into 
two branches, the frontal and nasal, which furnish 
a number of ramifications, some superficial, others 
deep-seated. 0. gan'glion, Lenticular or Ciliary gan- 
glion, is one of the smallest ganglions of the body, 
and formed by the fifth and third pairs of the cranial 
nerves. It is situate at the outer side of the optic 
nerve near the bottom of the orbit; is irregularly 
quadrilateral and flat; its color is a reddish-gray. It 
is supplied by three roots-motor from oculomotor, 
sensory from nasal, and sympathetic (trophic) from 
carotid plexus, ciliary nerves from anterior angles. 
0. nerve, Ophthalmic nerve, Orbitofrontal, is the small- 
est and first of the three branches given off by the 
fifth pair; it is purely sensory. It proceeds along 
the external paries of the cavernous sinus, enters 
the orbit by the sphenoidal fissure, and divides into 
three branches: external-the lacrymal nerve; supe- 
rior-frontal nerve; internal-the nasal nerve. See 
Lacrymal, Frontal, and Nasal. 0. plex'us, filaments 
of the cavernous plexus, extending to the ophthalmic 
artery. 0. si'nus, see Cavernous sinus. 0. stone, see 
Copper, aluminated. 0. veins, usually two, superior 
and inferior; they collect blood from the orbit, com- 
municating with the angular and supraorbital veins, 
and discharge into the cavernous sinus. The name 
Facial ophthalmic has been given to the branch by 
which the facial vein communicates with the oph- 
thalmic. 
Ophthal'mica. Emphrasia officinalis. 
Ophthal'mici exter'ni. Motores oculorum muscle. 
Ophthalmid'ium. Smallness of an eye or of the 
eyes. 
Ophthalmine, of-thal'meen. A term proposed by 
Dr. William Farr for the specific principle by which 
ophthalmia is propagated. 
Ophthalmit'ic. Pertaining to ophthalmitis. 
Ophthalmi'tis. Ophthalmia. Latterly restricted 
to inflammation of the globe of the eye, in which 
both the external and internal structures are in- 
volved ; see Panophthalmitis. By some it is restricted 
to sympathetic ophthalmia. 
Ophthal'mium. Smallness of an eye or of the eyes. 
Ophthal'mo (ophthalmos, eye). In composition, eye. 
Ophthalmobiotic, of-thal-mo-be-ot'ik. Relating to 
the development and physiology of the eye. 
Ophthalmoblennorrhcea. Ophthalmia (purulent). 
0. neonato'rum, see Ophthalmia. 
Ophthalmobrachytes, of-thal-mo-brak'it-ees {oph- 
thalmos, brachutes, shortness). Condition in which 
the eye axis is short. 
Ophthalmocace, of-thal-mok'as-e. Gangrene of 
the eye. . f 
Ophthalmocarcinoma, of-thal-mo-car-sin-o mah. 
Cancer of the eye. 
Ophthalmocele, of-thal-mo-se'le (Eng. of-thal mo- 
seel) {ophthalmos, kele, tumor). Exophthalmia. 
Ophthalmocentesis, of-thal-mo-sen-ta'sis {ophthal- OPHTH ALMOCHOLOSIS 
mos, kentesis, piercing). Paracentesis or puncture of 
the eyeball. 
Ophthalmocholosis, of-thal-mo-kol-o'sis {ophthalmos, 
chole, bile). Ophthalmia from biliary derangement (?). 
Ophthalmochroites, of-thal-mo-kro'it-ees {ophthal- 
mos, chroizo, to color). See Choroidea tunica. 
Ophthalmoconjunctivl'tis. See Ophthalmia. 
Ophthalmocopia, of-thal-mo-kop'e-ah {ophthalmos, 
kopos, fatigue). Fatigue of vision. 
Ophthalmodesmitis, of-thal-mo-dez-me'tis. See 
Ophthalmia. 
Ophthalmodesmoxerosis, of-thal-mo-des-mo-zer- 
o'sis {ophthalmos, desmos, band, xeros, dry). Xeroph- 
thalmia ; condition in which the conjunctiva is very 
dry. 
Ophthalmodes'mum {ophthalmos, desmos, band). 
Conjunctiva tunica. 
Ophthalmoduli'a {ophthalmos, doulia, servitude). 
Eye-service. 
Ophthalmodynamometer, of-thal-mo-di-nam-om' e- 
tur {ophthalmos, dunamis, power, metron, measure). In- 
strument for measuring the power of convergence. 
Ophthalmodynia, of-thal-mo-din'e-ah {ophthalmos, 
odune, pain). Pain, and especially rheumatic pain, of 
the eye. Plenck has given this name to neuralgia of 
the frontal nerve, in which the pain radiates particu- 
larly toward the bottom of the orbit. See Neuralgia, 
frontal. 0. period'ica, facial neuralgia. 
Ophthalmcedema, of-thal-me-de'mah {ophthalmos, 
oidema, oedema). CEdema of the conjunctiva. 
Ophthalmography, of-thal-mog'raf-e {ophthalmos, 
graphe, description). An anatomical description of 
the eye. 
Ophthalmohydrorrhoea, of-thal-mo-hid-ror-rhe'ah. 
Watery discharge from the eyes. 
Ophthal'molith {ophthalmos, lithos, stone). Calculus 
of the eye. 
Ophthalmologist. One who devotes special atten- 
tion to the eye and its care and treatment. 
Ophthalmology {ophthalmos, logos, discourse). Sci- 
ence of affections of the eye and their treatment. 
Ophthalmolyma, of-thal-mo-le'mah {ophthalmos, 
lume, destruction). Condition in which the eyeball 
has deteriorated or is destroyed. 
Ophthalmomacrosis, of-thal-mo-mak-ro'sis {oph- 
thalmos, makros, large). Enlargement of the eyeball. 
Ophthalmomalacia, of-thal-mo-mal-ah'se-ah {oph- 
thalmos, malakia, softness). Morbid softness of tissues 
and globe of the eye. 
Ophthalmomelano'ma or Ophthalmomelano'sis. 
Melanoma of the eyeball. 
Ophthalmom'eter {ophthalmos, metron, measure). 
Instrument for measuring the eye, more particularly 
the radius of curvature of the cornea. 
Ophthalmom'etry. Measurement of the eye, 
usually limited in application to radius of corneal 
curvature. 
Ophthalmomi'croscope. A microscope devised 
for the purpose of appreciating exactly the condition 
of the cornea, crystalline lens, etc. 
Ophthalmomyl'tis or Ophthalmomyosi'tis {oph- 
thalmos, mus, muscle). Inflammation of the muscles 
of the eye. 
Ophthalmomyotomy, of-thal-mo-me-ot'om-e {oph- 
thalmos, mus, muscle, tome, incision). Operation of 
dividing the eye-muscles. 
Ophthalmoncus, of-thal-mon'kus. Tumor of the 
eye. 
Ophthalmoneuri'tls. Neuritis of the ophthalmic 
nerve, a branch of the fifth pair. Herpes zoster oph- 
thalmicus is a form of ophthalmoneuritis. 
Ophthalmoneuromeninx (of-thal-mo-nu-ro-men' - 
inks) or Ophthalmoneurymen, of-thal-mo-nur-e'men 
{ophthalmos, neuron, nerve, meninx or hymen, mem- 
brane). Retina. 
Ophthalmonosology, of-thal-mo-noze-ol'o-je {oph- 
thalmos, nosos, disease, logos, discourse). Discourse on 
or description of diseases of the eye. 
Ophthalmoparacentesis, of-thal-mo-par-a-sent-e'- 
sis. Paracentesis of cornea or sclera; also incision 
of conjunctiva. 
782 
OPHTHALMOSPI NTH ER ISM 
Ophthalmoparal'ysis. Ophthalmoplegia. 
Ophthalmoperipheritis, of-thal-mo-per-if-er-e'tis 
(ophthalmos, periphereia). Inflammation of neighbor- 
hood of eye. 
Ophthalmophantum, of-thal-mo-fan'tum. Mask in 
which eyes of animals may be inserted on which to 
practise ophthalmic operations. 
Ophthalmophlebotomy, of-thal-mo-fleb-ot'om-e 
(ophthalmos, phleps, vein, tome, incision). Bleeding 
from the vessels of the conjunctiva. 
Ophthalmophtharsis (of-thal-mo-thar'sis) or Oph- 
thalmophthisis, of-thal-mo-te'sis (ophthalmos, phthar- 
sis, phthisis, wasting, corruption). Destruction of the 
eyeball; atrophy of the eyeball. 
Ophthalmophyma, of-thal-mo-fe'mah (ophthalmos, 
phuma, growth). Condition in which a tumor of the 
eyeball exists. 
Ophthalmoplasty, of-thal'mo-plas-te (ophthalmos, 
plasso, to form). Plastic operation on the eye or in 
its immediate vicinity. 
Ophthalmoplegia, of-thal-mo-plej'e-ah (ophthalmos, 
plesso, to strike). Ophthalmoparalysis. Paralysis of 
one or more of the muscles of the eye. 0. exter'na, 
progressive paralysis of extrinsic muscles of the eye- 
ball. 0. inter'na, paralysis of the iris and ciliary 
muscle. 0. partia'lis, ophthalmoplegia in which one 
or two of the muscles of the eye are involved. 0. 
progressi'va, form of ophthalmoplegia in which sev- 
eral or all of the muscles of both eyes are liable to be 
involved. 
Ophthalmopon'ia (ophthalmos, ponos, suffering). 
Ophthalmia; neuralgia of the eye. 
Ophthalmoprosopsis, of-thal-mo-pros-op'sis (oph- 
thalmos, prosopis, appearance). Ability of the eye to 
adjust itself so as to distinguish near and far objects. 
bphthalmopto'ma or Ophthalmoptosis, of-thal- 
mop-to'sis (ophthalmos, ptosis, prolapse). Employed 
by some authors in the sense of exophthalmia, by 
others in that of hydrophthalmia. 
Ophthalmopyorrhoea, of-thal-mo-pe-or-rhe'ah (oph- 
thalmos, puon, pus, rheo, to flow). Purulent conjunc- 
tivitis. 
Ophthalmopyra, of-thal-mop'ir-ah (ophthalmos, pur, 
fever). Conjunctivitis occurring in epidemic form. 
Ophthalmorrhagia, of-thal-mor-rhaj'e-ah (ophthal- 
mos, rhegnumi, to break forth). Hemorrhage from the 
tunica conjunctiva; more generally hemorrhage from 
the eye. 
Ophthalmorrhexis, of-thal-mor-rhex'is (ophthalmos, 
rhexis, rupture). Rupture of the eyeball. 
Ophthalmorrhoea, of-thal-mor-rhe'ah (ophthalmos, 
rheo, to flow). Discharge from the eyeball, especially 
oozing of bloody fluid. 0. exter'na, extravasation 
of blood beneath the eyelids. 0. inter'na, extravasa- 
tion within the eyeball. 
Ophthal'mos. Eye. 
Ophthal'moscope (ophthalmos, slcopeo, to see). In- 
strument invented by Helmholtz, in 1851, for exam- 
ining the interior of the eye, consisting essentially 
of a mirror with a hole in it, through which the 
observer looks at the artificially illuminated fundus. 
An auto-ophthalmoscope is so constructed that the ob- 
server may examine details of his own eye-ground. 
Refraction 0. is used in testing the degree of ametro- 
pia ; especially fitted with lenses, revolving in front 
of the observer's eye, by which the ametropia, 
whether on the part of observer or of observed, is 
neutralized. 
Ophthalmoscop'ia or Ophthal'moscopy (ophthal- 
mos, skopeo, to regard attentively). Examination of 
the eye by means of an ophthalmoscope. 
Ophthalmoscop'ic. Relating to ophthalmoscopy. 
Ophthalmoscoptometer, of-thal-mo-skop-tom'e-tur. 
Arrangement of ophthalmoscope for determining 
amount of refraction of the eye. 
Ophthalmospasmus, of-thal-mo-spaz'mus (ophthal- 
mos, spasmos, spasm). Ocular spasm. 
Ophthalmospintherism, of-thal-mo-spinth'er-izm 
(ophthalmos, spinther, spark). Ocular condition in 
which shining spots or sparks seem to appear before 
the eyes. OPHTHALMOSTASIS 
Ophthalmostasis, of-thal-mos'tas-is. See Ophthal- 
mostatum. 
Ophthal'mostat or Ophthalmosta'tum (ophthalmos, 
stasis, station). Instrument for fixing the eye, ren- 
dering it immovable during operation. The action 
of fixing the eye is termed Ophthalmostasis. 
Ophthalmostatometer, of-thal-mo-stat-om'et-ur 
(ophthalmos, histemi, metron, measure). Apparatus for 
measuring the position of the eyes. 
Ophthalmostatom'etry. Measurement of position 
of the eyes. 
Ophthalmosteresis, of-thal-mo-ster-a'sis (ophthal- 
mos, steresis, loss). Deprivation or absence of the eye. 
Ophthalmosynchysis, of-thal-mo-sin'kis-is (ophthal- 
mos, sunchusis, a mixing). Condition in which an 
effusion into interior of the eye exists. 
Ophthalmotherapeutics, of-thal-mo-ther-ap-u'tiks 
(ophthalmos, therapeia, medical treatment). Treatment 
of diseases of the eye. 
Ophthalmotherapi'a (ophthalmo, therapeia, treat- 
ment). Treatment of diseases of the eye. 
Ophthalmot'omy (ophthalmos, tome, section). Dis- 
section of, cutting into, or extirpation of the eye. 
Ophthalmotonometer, of-thal-mo-to-nom'e-tur (oph- 
thalmos, tonos, tension). Instrument for determining 
tension of the eyeball. 
Ophthalmotonom'etry. Measurement of tension 
of the eyeball. 
Ophthal'motrope (ophthalmos, trepo, to turn). A 
movable ball, attached to which are elastic cords 
representing the various muscles of the eyeball, for 
demonstrating different movements of the eyes. 
Ophthalmotropometer, of-thal-mo-tro-pom'e-ter. 
Instrument for measuring movements of the eyeballs. 
This procedure is termed Ophthalmotropometry. 
Ophthalmotyphus, of-thal-mo-ti'fus. Contagious 
ophthalmia occurring in epidemic form. 
Ophthalmoxero'sis (ophthalmos, xerosis, dryness). 
Xerophthalmia; dryness of conjunctiva. Also termed 
Ophthalmoxenosis. 
Ophthalmoxysis, of-thal-mox'is-is (ophthalmos, xuo, 
to scrape). Scarification of the conjunctiva in cases 
of ophthalmia. 
Ophthalmoxystrum (of-thal-mox-is'trum) or Oph- 
thalmoxys'ter. Instrument for scraping the eye. 
Name given to a small brush, with barbs like an ear 
of barley or rye, intended to scarify the eyelids in 
certain cases of ophthalmia. 
Ophthalmozo'a (ophthalmos, soon, animal). Entozoa 
or parasites in the globe of the eye and its append- 
ages. 
Ophthalmozygomatogramma, of-thal-mo-ze-go- 
mat-o-gram'mah (ophthalmos, sugoma, gramma, mark). 
Line extending from the eye to the zygoma. 
Ophthalmula, of-thal'mu-lah. Cicatrix of the eye. 
Ophthal'mus. Eye. 
Ophthalmydrorrhcea, of-thal-mid-ror-rhe'ah (oph- 
thalmos, hudor, water, rheo, to flow). Watery flux from 
the eyes. 
Ophthalmymenitis, of-thal-mim-en-e'tis (ophthal- 
mos, humen, membrane). Ophthalmohymenitis. Inflam- 
mation of one or more membranes of the eye; con- 
junctivitis. 
Opia'cum. Opiatum. 
O'piane. Narcotine. 
Opian'ic acid. Oxidation product from narcotine; 
bitter, prismatic crystals, soluble in boiling water, 
alcohol, and ether. 
O'pianine. Opianina, Opiana. Alkaloid discovered 
in opium, resembling morphia in its properties and 
doses; insoluble in water, sparingly so in alcohol. 
Opia'num. Narcotine. 
O'piate (opion, juice, opium). Medicine containing 
opium; a medicine that procures sleep; an electuary. 
Formerly Opiat was an electuary which contained 
opium. 
O'piated. Impregnated with opium or laudanum. 
Affected by opium or laudanum. 
Opia'tum. Opiate. 0. cum copa'hu compos'i- 
tum, electuary of copaiba. 0. febrif'ugum, Elec- 
tuary of cinchona (pulv. cinch., £xviij; ammon. 
OPISTHOTENAR 
muriat., 3j > mellis, syrup, absinth., aa ; make 
into an electuary; Ph. P.); given when cinchona is 
indicated. 0. mesenter'icum (gum ammon., 
sennse, Jvj; hydrargyri submuriat., rad. ari., aloes 
socotrin., aa 5ij ; pulv. scammon. comp. (vulg. de 
tribus), rhei rad., aa 3iij ; ferri limatur. porphyrisat., 
33s; bruise and mix together, add of compound 
syrup of apples double the weight of the other mat- 
ters, and make into an electuary; Ph. P.); dose, 3ss 
to 3ij, in obstructions of the liver, mesentery, etc. 
Opia'tus. Opiated. 
Opifex (op'e-feks) circumductio'nis. Obliquus 
acutus superior. See Oblique muscles of the eye. 
O'pii pul'vis (Ph. U. S.). Powdered opium; opium 
dried at a temperature not exceeding 185° F., and 
reduced to a moderately fine powder. 
Opiokapnism, o-pe-o-kap'nizm (opion, opium, kap- 
nos, smoke). Opium-smoking habit. 
Oplologia, o-pe-o-loj'e-ah. Treatise on or descrip- 
tion of opium. 
0'pion (opion, juice). Opium. 
Opionin (o'pe-on-in). Product derived from opium, 
occurring in colorless crystals, readily soluble in al- 
cohol and ether, nearly insoluble in boiling water. 
Opiophagism, o-pe-of'aj-izm (opion, opium, phago, 
to eat). Opium-eating habit. 
O'piophil, Opioph'iler, Opioph'ilus (opium, phileo, 
to love). A lover of opium. There was in Paris a 
club of opium-smokers who called themselves Opio- 
philes. 
Opis'ma. Juice. 
Opisthantrus, op-is-than'trus (opistho, antron, cav- 
ern). Applied to skulls in which a vertical let fall 
upon the radius fixus from the most projecting point 
of torus frontalis falls behind that drawn from nasion 
by from 1 to 6 mm. (Lissauer). 
Opis'thenar (opistho, thenar, the palm of the hand). 
Back of the hand. 
Opis'thion. Point where median line meets poste- 
rior border of foramen magnum (Broca). The lambda 
or posterior end of the sagittal suture (Lissauer). 
Opis'tho (opisthe, behind, backward). In composi- 
tion, behind, backward. 
Opisthobreg'mus (opistho, bregma, top of head). 
Applied to skulls in which line drawn from hormion 
to bregma makes, with radius fixus, an angle of from 
55.5° to 68° (Lissauer). 
Opisthochasmus, op-is-tho-kaz'mus. Applied to 
skulls in which line forming staphylion and basion 
looks forward when referred to radius fixus as a 
horizontal, making with it an angle of from 13° to 26°. 
Opisthocephalon, op-is-tho-sef'al-on (opistho, kephale, 
the head). Occiput. 
Opisthocoelus, op-is-tho-se'lus (opisthe, behind, koilos, 
hollow). Having concavity posteriorly and convex 
anteriorly. Applied to the middle of a vertebra. 
Opisthocranium, op-is-tho-kran'e-um (opistho, kran- 
ion, skull). Occiput. 
Opisthocyphosis, op-is-tho-sif-o'sis (opistho, cypho- 
sis). Cyphoma. Backward curvature of spine, con- 
vexity being forward. 
Opisthogas'tric (opistho, gaster, stomach). Behind 
the stomach. 
Opisthognathism, op-isth-og'nath-izm (opisthe, be- 
hind, gnathos, jaw). State of being opisthognathous 
or having teeth that slope backward. 
Opisthognathous, op-is-thog-na'thus (opistho, gna- 
thos, mouth). Having teeth that slope backward. 
Opistholo'bium or Opistho'tium (opistho, lobion, 
lobe of the ear). Any agent applied behind the ear. 
Opisthomeloph'orus, op-is-tho-mel-oph'o-rus (opis- 
tho, melos, limb, phero, to bear). Monster with super- 
fluous flesh on the back. 
Opisthophalacro'sis (opistho, phalakros,bald)- Bald- 
ness of the occipital region. 
Opisthopo'ria (opistho, poreuo, to walk). Involun- 
tary going backward in attempting to walk. 
Opisthosynechia, op-is-tho-sin-ek-e'ah (opistho, su- 
necheia). Posterior synechia. 
Opisthotenar, op-is-thot'en-ar (opistho, teino, to 
stretch). See Erector spinie. 
783 OPISTHOTIC 
Oplstho'tic. Behind the ear. 0. bone, posterior 
part of petrous portion of temporal bone. 0. cen'tre, 
separate ossific centre for temporal bone, forming part 
of petrosal seen at base of skull (Huxley). 
Opistho'tium (ppistho, ous, otos, ear). Opistholobium. 
Opisthot'onus (opistho, teino, to stretch). Species 
of tetanus in which the body is bent backward. 0., 
hyster'ical, see Crucifixion attitude. 
O'pium (opion, juice). Concrete, milky exudate ob- 
tained in Asia Minor by incising unripe capsules of 
Papaver somniferum (Ph. IT. S. and Br.). In normal 
moist condition it should contain not less than 9 per 
cent, of morphine. The principal commercial varieties 
are from Turkey, Smyrna, or Constantinople; the 
Egyptian, Persian, Indian, Mozambique or Zambesi, 
and European. A large number of alkaloids and 
other substances have been derived from opium, in 
addition to water, resin, fatty matter, gum, extractive 
matter, etc.: morphine, narcotine, codeine, thebaine 
or paromorphine, meconine, papaverine, narceine, hy- 
drocotarnine, pseudomorphine, protopine, laudanine, 
784 
OPSIALGIA 
codamine, rhceadine, meconidine, cryptopine, meco- 
noiosin, opianine, metamorphine, laudanosine, lantho- 
pine, and gnoscopine; two neutral principles, meconin 
and meconosin; thebolactic acid, and a peculiar acid 
called meconic. Opium is a stimulant in small doses; 
in larger doses a sedative narcotic, acting almost ex- 
clusively on the central nervous system; locally it is 
anodyne; a powerful narcotic poison; its effects are 
characterized especially by contraction of the pupils. 
Two grains have proved fatal. Children are partic- 
ularly susceptible. Morphia and meconic acid (q. v.) 
are of especial medico-legal importance. It is a valu- 
able drug to allay many forms of irritation or inflam- 
mation and to produce sleep. Dose, gr. |-j, according 
to the effect desired. See Papaver ; also Constantino- 
ple, Denarcotized, Egyptian, India, Malwa, Mozambique, 
Persian, Smyrna, and Turkey opium; and Poisons 
(table). 
The important constituents may be tabulated as 
follows, so as to exhibit their chemical composition 
and characteristics (after J. Mitchell Bruce): 
Parts in 
100 parts. 
Constitution. 
Reaction. 
Characters. 
1. Morphine 
5 to 12 
c17h19no3 
Alkaline. 
White needles. 
2. Codeine 
up to 0.6 
C18H21NOs 
Alkaline. 
Nearly colorless octahedra. 
3. Thebaine or Paramorphine. 
up to 0.3 
c18h21no3 
Alkaline. 
White plates, with acrid styptic taste. 
4. Opianine ] 
5. Cryptopine 1 
0 H t.n 1 
cI3h35nos 
Alkaline. 
6. Metamorphine [ 
7. Papaverine J 
C28H21N04 
Alkaline. 
White needles. 
8. Narcotine 
4 to 6 
Alkaline. 
Shining prisms; tasteless, odorless. 
9, Narcein 
up to 0.02 
Neutral. 
Fine white needles; odorless, bitter. 
10. Porphyroxin 
11. Laudanin 
12. Meconin 
0.08 to 6.3 
6°oH510o; 
Neutral. 
White needles; odorless, acrid. 
13. Meconic acid 
4 to 8 
c7h*o7 
Acid. 
Nearly colorless micaceous crystals. 
14. Theobolactic acid .... 
Lactic acid. 
Acid. 
0. cru'dum, commercial opium. 0. denarcotiza'tum 
(Ph. U. S.), denarcotized opium. 0. depura'tum, O. 
extract of some pharmacopoeias. 0. ex'tract, a'que- 
ous, contains glycerin. 0. et glycyrrhi'zse trochisci, 
each contains gr. of opium. 0. hab'it, habitual 
use of morphia or opium as a stimulant; such users 
are termed opium habitues. 0. et ipecacuan'hae, 
Dover's powder. 0. and ip'ecac. tinc'ture, liquid 
Dover's powder. 0. pill, gr. j each. 0. tinc'ture, 
laudanum. 0. tinc'ture, cam'phorated, paregoric. 
0. tinc'ture, compound, Squibb's diarrhoea mixture. 
0. tinc'ture, deo'dorated, McMunn's elixir. 0., wine 
of, vinum opii. 
Opobal'samum (ppos, juice, balsamon, balsam). See 
Amyris opobalsamum. 
Opocar'pason, Carpasium (juice). 
Opocephalous, op-o-sef'al-us (ops, the face, kephale, 
head). Monster having two ears approximated or 
united under the head, the jaws atrophied, and no 
mouth or nose. Synotus. 
Opodel'doc, Opodel'doch, or Opodel'toch. A soft 
solid composition resembling in its properties ex- 
tractum saponis (Ph. U. S. and Br.). Formerly 
a plaster for all external injuries, and generic- 
ally, like Saponula, union of soap with volatile oils. 
See Liquid opodeldoc and Linimentum saponis compos- 
itum. 
Opodeocele, op-o-de-o-se'le (Eng. op-o'de-o-seel) (ope, 
foramen, eidos, resemblance, kele, a rupture). Sub- 
pubic or obturator hernia. 
Opodid'ymus or Opod'ymus (ops, eye, didumos, 
double). Diprosopus. 
Opoi'dia galbanif'era (opodes, juicy). See Bubon 
galbanum. 
Opopana'cum. Pastinaca opopanax. 
Opop'anax. Gum resin formerly esteemed as anti- 
spasmodic and emmenagogue. See Pastinaca opop- 
anax. 0. chiro'nium, Pastinaca opopanax. 
Opop'anaxwort. Pastinaca opopanax. 
Opo'pios. Optic. 
Opo'ra. See Autumn. 
Opo'rlce. Medicine of autumnal fruits and wine; 
given in dysentery, diseases of the stomach, etc. 
O'pos. Expressed juice. 0. sil'phion, laserpitium. 
Opos'sum tree. Sweet gum. See Liquidambar. 
Opotomocatheter, op-ot-om-o-kath'et-ur (ope, open- 
ing, tome, incision, catheter). Catheter of elastic ma- 
terial provided with a stylet. 
Oppid'ulum (a little town). Vulva. 
Oppila'tio (oppilo, to shut up). Obstruction, as of 
a canal or cavity. 0. te'las cellulo'sse, induration of 
the cellular tissue. 
Oppila'tion. Obstruction; constipation. 
Oppilative, op'pil-a-tiv. Closing an orifice, as of a 
duct or vessel. 
Oppo'nens (06, pono, to place). That which faces 
or is put in opposition to something. 0. hallu'cis, 
supernumerary muscle associated with adductor hal- 
lucis, but inserted into first metatarsal bone. 0. min'- 
imi dig'iti, situate in the hypothenar eminence; fibres 
are inserted into anterior annular ligament of carpus, 
and terminate on whole inner edge of fifth metacarpal. 
It carries the fifth metacarpal forward and outward, 
and thus augments the concavity of the palm. 0. 
min'imi dig'iti pe'dis, supernumerary muscle asso- 
ciated with flexor brevis minimi digiti pedis, but in- 
serted separately into fifth metatarsal. 0. pol'licis, 
small, flat, triangular muscle, situate in the thenar 
eminence; attached to anterior annular ligament of 
carpus and to trapezium, and to whole outer margin 
of first metacarpal. It rotates the first bone of the 
metacarpus, opposing the thumb to the fingers. 
Opposition. Angular motion. 
Oppres'sio (opprimo, oppressum, to press against). 
Catalepsy; oppression. 0. noctur'na, incubus. 
Oppression. Sensation of weight in the part 
affected, as the stomach,,chest, etc. When employed 
abstractly, it means, particularly, oppression of the 
chest. Condition, at commencement of fevers, etc., in 
which the system is oppressed rather than debilitated, 
and where the vascular action rises as the obstruction 
to free circulation is relieved. 
Ops. Eye. 
Opseonusi, op-se-on-u'se. Diseases of vision. 
Opsialgia, op-se-al'je-ah (opsis, countenance, algos, 
pain). Facial neuralgia. OPS1GONUS 
Opsig'onus (dens) {opsigonos, born late). Wisdom 
tooth; see Dentition. 
Opsiodontes, op-se-o-don'tees (pl. of Opsiodons). 
Eye teeth. 
Opsiodons, op'se-o-dus {opse, late, odous, tooth). 
See Dentition. 
Opsiom'eter {opsis, vision, metron, measure). In- 
strument for measuring the distance of distinct vision. 
Opsionu'si {opsis, vision, nousos, disease). Diseases 
of vision. 
Opsiotoc'ia {opse, late, tokos, birth). Parturition 
after the usual period. See Pregnancy. 
Op'sis (countenance). Pupil; vision. 
Opsomania, op-so-man'e-ah {opson, aliment, mania). 
Morbid daintiness as to food. 
Opsomaniac, op-so-ma'ne-ak {opson, aliment). One 
who loves some peculiar aliment to madness. 
Optactin, opt-act'in {optomai, to see). Axis of vision. 
Opte'sis (roasting or broiling). Preparation of food 
or medicines in their own juice, without the addition 
of any liquid. Cooking by heat. 
Op'tic or Op'tical {optomai, to see). Eelating to 
vision or to the eye. 0. an'gle, see Visual angles. 0. 
arteries, small branches supplying optic thalamus: 
external, from striate arteries; inferior, twigs from 
posterior cerebral, passing through posterior perfor- 
ated space. 0. at'rophy, atrophy of optic nerve. 0. 
cen'tre of crystalline, point at which various rays 
proceeding from an object cross on their way to the 
retina; see Optical centre. 0. chi'asm or com'missure, 
junction and decussation of the optic nerves at base of 
brain upon body of sphenoid. 0. cup, formed by in- 
volution of distal extremity of primary optic vesicle. 
0. disk, nearly circular pinkish area at back of 
retina where optic nerve pierces it and expands to 
form its inner layer. 0. fora'men, a round opening 
in the sphenoid bone, near the base of its lesser ala, 
through which the optic nerve passes. 0. gan'glia, 
quadrigemina corpora. 0. gan'glion, ba.sal collection 
of cells in tuber cinereum, near optic tract, with 
which it is said to communicate. 0. groove, trans- 
verse groove on the superior surface of the sphenoid, 
in front of olivary eminence, on which the optic 
commissure rests; continuous on each side with the 
optic foramen. 0. lobes, quadrigemina corpora. 0. 
nerve, Nerve of the second pair, Ocular nerve. 
The optic nerves are remarkable for their size, for 
their running a longer course within than without the 
cranium, and for their furnishing no branch from 
their origin to their termination. It arises through 
the optic tract from the optic thalami and corpora 
quadrigemina. The fibres are believed to be traceable 
to occipital lobe of cerebrum and upper portion of cord. 
Immediately after their origin the optic tracts pro- 
ceed forward; at first broad and flat, but after- 
ward narrower and round. In front of the fossa 
pituitaria they unite and decussate, each nerve pro- 
ceeding through the optic foramen of the sphenoid 
bone with the ophthalmic artery, and through the 
foramen opticum choro'idese to form the retina. The 
nerve passes to the back part of the globe of the eye, 
becomes narrower, and enters that organ at a flat- 
tened circular papilla-the optic papilla-to give rise 
to the nervous expansion called the retina. The 
circle which surrounds the point of entrance, and 
which, seen by the ophthalmoscope, is of a lighter 
hue than the rest of the retina, is called the optic disk, 
but the term is usually employed synonymously with 
optic papilla. See Optic papilla. Between the collicu- 
lus and the yellow spot of Sommering a small projec- 
tion or fold of the retina passes-plica centralis retinae. 
Besides its neurilemma, the optic nerve is surrounded 
by a sheath, furnished by the dura mater. This ac- 
companies it as far as the eye. It is the nerve of 
special sensibility of the eye. In the centre of the 
nerve there is a punctum caecum, macula, where the 
central artery enters the eye and the corresponding 
vein passes out. If a ray of light falls on this spot it 
is not appreciated. 0. neuri'tis, papillitis. 0. neu- 
rot'omy, division of optic nerve. 0. papil'la, Optic 
disk, Papilla of the optic nerve. A yellowish-white 
ORAL 
spot situate about one-tenth of an inch internal to the 
antero-posterior axis of the eye, through which the 
optic nerve enters that organ, the central artery and 
vein of the retina being either at or near the middle 
of this spot. Its color, which varies in different indi- 
viduals, is due to the reflected light from the vessels, 
nerve-tubercles, etc. which compose the papilla. The 
optic disk may become excavated, as in glaucoma- 
the glaucomatous cup-or as a result of congenital 
malformation, or from atrophy and retraction of the 
optic nerve. The papilla is also liable to venous 
congestion, ischaemia, hyperaemia of its capillaries, 
apoplexy, inflammation, atrophy, anaemia, etc. 0. 
radia'tions, portion of corona radiata of optic thal- 
amus passing to occipital lobes. 0. thal'amus, one of 
the principal collections of gray matter at base of 
brain ; appears on either side of third ventricle as a 
club-shaped mass, bent from before backward, and 
continuous from behind downward and forward with 
the optic tract; see Tract. 0. tu'bercles, corpora 
quadrigemina. 
Op'tical. Optic. 0. ax'is, line passing through 
centre of cornea and posterior pole of eye. 0. cen'tre, 
point situate on principal axis of an optical system 
characterized by the property that every incident ray 
which, after refraction by first surface, passes through 
it, emerges in a parallel direction after refraction by 
second surface. 
Op'tici. Anterior pair of corpora quadrigemina. 
Optician, op-tish"n. Maker of optical instruments. 
Opticist, op'ti-sist. One skilled in the theory and 
practice of optics. 
Opticociliary, op-tik-o-sil'e-ar-e. Relating to optic 
and ciliary nerves. 0. neurot'orny, division of the 
nerves, leaving the globe intact. 
Opticocinerea, op-tik-o-sin-e're-ah {opticus, cinereus, 
resembling ashes). Gray matter of optic tract. 
Optics, physiological. Part of optical science 
treating of optical properties of the eye, comprehend- 
ing various phenomena of vision, color-perception, 
single vision with two eyes, visual field, etc. 
Op'ticus ellip'soid. Strongly refracting ellipsoidal 
body found in basal portion of retinal cones. 
Op'ticum. Ophthalmic remedy. 
Op'ticus. Optic; optic nerve. 
Op'tilos. Eye. 
Op'togram (optomai, to see, gramma, drawing). Im- 
age formed on the retina by action of light on retinal 
purple. 
Optograph, op'to-graf {optos, visible, grapho, to 
write). Optogram reproduced in a photograph. 
Optography, op-tog'ra-fe {optomai, to see, grapho, to 
write). Fixation of images on the retina. 
Optomeninx, op-to-men'inks {optos, visible, meninx, 
membrane). Retina. 
Optom'eter {optomai, to see, metron, measure). In- 
strument for measuring the distance of distinct 
vision. 
Optoscope, op'to-skope {optomai, to see, slcopeo, to 
observe). Instrument for testing alleged unilateral 
amblyopia. 
Optotypi, op-to-ti'pe. Test letters for determining 
visual acuteness. 
Opun'tla {Opus, town of Locris). Cactus opuntia. 
0. cochinillif'era, cultivated in Mexico and Central 
America as food for cochineal insects. 0. vulga'ris, 
Cactus opuntia; prickly pear; native of tropical and 
subtropical America; fruit edible, leaves mucilaginous 
and demulcent; powdered, an excellent material for 
poultices. 
O'pus mag'num. See Alchemy. 
O'ra. An edge or seam (pl. of Os, mouth). 0., dog s, 
Chenopodium vulvaria. 0. fenes'tra ova'lis, slight 
raised process surrounding oval window. 0. serra ta 
(serrated edge), wavy edge indicating sensitive nerve 
portion of the retina a little behind the outer edge of 
the ciliary processes. , 
Or'ache, spreading. Atriplex patula. 0., stink - 
ing, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
O'ral {os, oris, mouth). Vocal. Relating to the 
mouth or to speech. 0., whiff, Drummond's whiff. 
785 ' ORANGE 
Intermittent sound on expiration, supposed to be a 
symptom of intrathoracic aneurism. 
Or'ange (aurum, gold, the color of the fruit). 
Fruit of several species of Citrus, ord. Aurantiacese; 
see also Bitter, Portugal, Seville, and Sweet orange. 0. 
ber'ries, small, unripe fruit of bitter orange, Citrus 
vulgaris; the volatile oil obtained by aqueous distilla- 
tion is called essence de petit grain. 0. flow'ers, par- 
tially expanded, fresh flowers of Citrus vulgaris and C. 
aurantium.; in infusion, a gentle nerve stimulant. 0. 
flower water, aqueous distillate of fresh flowers; a 
fragrant vehicle for other medicines. 0. juice, ex- 
pressed from sweet orange; agreeable beverage, used 
in febrile and scorbutic affections. 0. peel, see Bit- 
ter-orange peel. 0. wine, made in Britain by fermen- 
tation of saccharine solution to which has been added 
fresh peel of bitter orange (Br. Ph.); used for flavor- 
ing and as an excipient. 
Orangeade, or-anj-ade'. A drink made with orange- 
juice diluted with water, often recommended in acute 
diseases. 
Or'ange-grass. Hypericum sarothra. The tops are 
used for the same purpose as St. John's wort. 
Or'ange-root. Golden seal. See Hydrastis Cana- 
densis. 
Or'bes cartilagino'si trache'se (orbis, circle). See 
Trachea. 
Orbic'ular (prbis, circle). Spherical; circular. See 
Orbicularis. 0. bone, the smallest of the four bones of 
the ear; scarcely perceptible, round, convex on two 
surfaces, and situate between the long ramus of the 
incus and the head of the stapes. 0. lig'ament, an- 
nular ligament of radius. 
Orbicularis, or-bik-u-lar'is. Orbicular. The O. 
palpebrarum. 0. a'nl, sphincter ani externus. 0. 
exter'nus, orbicular part of O. palpebrarum. 0. in- 
ter'nus, palpebral part of same. 0. la'tus, orbital 
part of same. 0. mala'ris, malaris. 0. oc'uli, orbicu- 
laris palpebrarum; according to Henle, O. palpebra- 
rum, corrugator supercilii, and tensor tarsi, all taken 
as one muscle. 0. or'bital or orbita'lis, orbital 
part of O. palpebrarum. 0. o'ris, muscle situate in 
the substance of the lips, and extending from one 
commissure to the other; formed of two very dis- 
tinct portions, of a semi-oval shape; one belonging to 
the upper lip, the other to the lower. Their extremi- 
ties cross at the commissures, and are confounded 
with the other muscles of the parts; bring the lips 
together and close the aperture of the mouth by 
making it represent a sort of bourrelet with radiated 
wrinkles. An antagonist to every other muscle of 
the lips. 0. palpebra'rum, sphincter muscle of eye- 
lids. It consists of a palpebral portion, thin and pale, 
situate upon the lids, and an orbital portion, surround- 
ing the orbit, arising from the internal tarsal liga- 
ment and adjacent portions of frontal and superior 
maxillary bones; a slip arises from the lacrymal 
crest; see Tensor tarsi. 0. p., infe'rior and supe'rior, 
orbital part of O. palpebrarum. 
Orbiculostapedial, or-bik-u-lo-stap-e'de-al. Relat- 
ing to the orbicular process of incus and to the stapes. 
Orbic'ulus (orbis, circle). Small circle or disk. 0. 
capsulocllia'ris, zonule of Zinn; see Ciliary sone. 
0. cilia'ris, region of choroid coat of eye, between ora 
serrata and ciliary processes. 0. ganglio'sus, deeper, 
softer layer of ciliary body of choroid, containing 
many nerves. 0. ligamento'sus, external stronger 
layer of same. 
Or'bis ge'nu. Patella. 
Or 'bit (orbis, circle). Eye-socket. The circular cavi- 
ties are so called which lodge the organs of sight; 
situate at the upper part of the face, and composed 
of seven bones-viz. the frontal, above; the palate 
and superior maxillary, below; the sphenoid and 
malar, externally; the ethmoid and lacrymal, in- 
ternally. The orbit is filled by the globe of the eye, 
with its different accessory parts-muscles, nerves, 
vessels, the lacrymal gland, etc. Its margin is 
termed Margo orbitalis. 
Or'bita. Orbit. 0. oc'uli, orbit. 
Or'bital or Or'bitar. Relating to or belonging to 
786 
J ORBITO-OCCIPITAL ANGLE 
the orbit. 0. an'gle, biorbital angle. 0. apoph'yses 
or pro'cesses terminate the two extremities of the 
orbital arch. The external is much more prominent, 
and is articulated with the cheek-bone; the internal 
is thinner, and joins the os unguis. 0. arch, the pro- 
jecting round margin separating the frontal and orbi- 
tal surfaces of the os frontis, and forming a part of 
the circumference of the orbit. 0. ar'tery, branch of 
middle temporal, running above the zygoma to the 
external angle of the eye. 0. canals, inter'nal, eth- 
moidal foramina. 0. convolutions, situate on orbital 
surface of frontal lobe of brain; usually considered 
as continuation of frontal convolutions, and distin- 
guished as inner (straight, medial, gyrus rectus), mid- 
dle (intermediate), external (lateral). Since the last 
two are frequently cut by a cross-furrow, the portions 
in front and behind are sometimes called anterior and 
posterior orbital convolutions. A pre-Sylvian or trans- 
verse convolution sometimes runs in front of the Syl- 
vian fissure. 0. fas'cia, capsqle of Tenon; sheaths of 
ocular muscles with their dependencies and the palpe- 
bral fascia. 0. fis'sures, situate in the orbit, two in 
number: one superior, the sphenoidal; the other in- 
ferior, the sphenomaxillary. 0. foram'ina, there are 
several: 1. Foramen orbitarium superius, situate at 
the junction of the inner third of the orbital arch 
with its two outer thirds, and giving passage to the 
frontal nerve; 2. Foramina orbitaria interiora, situate 
at the upper part of the internal paries of the orbit, 
formed by the union of the two notches of the os 
frontis with two similar ones of the ethmoid, and dis- 
tinguished into anterior and posterior. The former 
gives passage to the ethmoidal filament of the nasal 
nerve and to a small artery. 0. fos'sa, excavation 
in orbital plate of frontal bone, forming upper part 
of frontal cavity. 0. frontoma'lar diam'eter, dis- 
tance between opposite external orbital points. 0. 
in'dex, in craniometry, ratio of vertical height of the 
orbit to its transverse width, taken as 100. 0. nerve, 
a branch of the superior maxillary. It enters the or- 
bit by the sphenomaxillary fissure, and divides into 
two filaments: malar, which passes over the cheek- 
bone, distributed to the orbicularis palpebrarum, and 
anastomosing with the facial nerve; temporal, which 
passes to the temporal fossae, and anastomoses with 
the inferior maxillary and facial, to become after- 
ward subcutaneous. 0. plane, Broca, visual plane of. 
0. plate, thin bony partition, part of ethmoid, con- 
tributing to inner wall of orbit; also part of frontal 
bone roofing the orbit. 0. point, lowest point of in- 
ferior border of orbit. 0. point, external, point at 
which outer edge of orbit meets frontozygomatic su- 
ture. 0. pro'cess, pyramidal portion of palate-bone 
contributing, by one of its surfaces, to form the orbit; 
also orbital portion of malar bone. 0. sul'ci, furrows 
on orbital surface of frontal lobe of brain. Three are 
usually described: medial or internal o., usually called 
Olfactory sulcus; intermediate o., beginning behind at 
side of olfactory tubercle, running forward with a 
slight outward convexity; lateral or external o., com- 
mencing a little to median side of Sylvian fissure, run- 
ning forward with slight convexity inward. The last 
two are connected by a cross furrow. See also Trira- 
diate sulcus. 0. sur'face, part of superior maxilla 
forming floor of orbit. 0. vein gathers blood from the 
eyelids, accompanies O. artery, and discharges into 
middle temporal. 
Orbita'lis. Orbital; used substantially for orbital 
portion of orbicularis palpebrarum. 
Or'bito-alve'olo-con'dylar angle. Angle between 
orbital axis and alveolocondylar plane. 
Orbitobas'ilar angle. Angle between lower bor- 
der of inferior maxilla produced and orbital axis. 
Orbitocele (or-bit-o-se'le (Eng. or'bit-o-seel). Ex- 
ophthalmus. 
Orbitoma'lar in'dex. Ratio of superior facial and 
bizygomatic diameters of skull, the latter being taken 
as 100. 
Or'bito-occip'ital angle. In craniometry expresses 
inclination of plane of foramen magnum to axis of 
vision. ORBITO-OCULAR 
Orbito-ocular, or'bit-o-ok'u-lar. Relating to the 
orbit and the eye. 
Orbitopalpebra'lis. Middle sheet of expansion 
by which levator palpebrae is inserted, composed of 
smooth muscular fibres. 
Orbitosphenoid, or-bit-o-sfe'noid. One of lesser 
wings of sphenoid considered as a separate ossific in- 
teger ; it constitutes a separate bone in many animals. 
Orchalgia, or-kal'je-ah (orchis, testicle, algos, pain). 
Pain in the testicle. See Orchidalgia. 
Or'chanet. Anchusa tinctoria. 
Or'chea. Scrotum. 
Orchei'tis (orchea, scrotum), Oschi'tis, or Oscheitis, 
os-ke-e'tis. Inflammation of the scrotum; also hernia 
humoralis. 
Orchella, ork-el'lah. See OrcftiWa weed. 
Orchellin, ork-el'lin. Coloring matter of purple; 
red color derived from Roccella tinctoria. 
Orchemphraxis, ork-em-fraks'is. Obstruction of 
the vessels of the testicles. 
Orcheocatab'asis. Descent of testes into scrotum. 
Orcheocele, or-ke-o-se'le (Eng. or'ke-o-seel). Orchi- 
ocele. 
Orcheoedemosarcoma, ork-e-e-de-mo-sar-ko'mah. 
Elephantiasis of the scrotum. 
Orcheoplasty, or'ke-o-plas-te (orchis, testicle, plasso, 
to form). Reparative surgery of the scrotum by pro- 
curing flaps of normal tissue from adjacent part. 
Orcheot'omy (orchis, tome, incision). Castration. 
Orchestroma'nia (orchester, dancer, mania). Chorea. 
Orch'ic. Relating to the testicles. 
Or chichore'a (orchis, chorea). An alternate rising 
or sinking of one or both of the testicles, produced 
by onanism. 
Or'chida (orchis, testicle). Spirocolon. 
Orchidal'gia, Orchial'gia, Orchidodyn'ia, or Or- 
chiodyn'ia (orchis, testicle, algos, pain). Pain in the 
testicle. Neuralgia of the testicle. Irritable testicle ; 
a form of neuralgia. 
Orchidatonia, or-kid-at-o'ne-ah (orchis, testicle, ato- 
nia, want of tone). Relaxation of the testicles. 
Orchidatroph'ia (orchis, atrophia, atrophy). Atro- 
phy or wasting of the testicle. 
Orchidauxe, or-kid-awks'e (orchis, auxe, growth). 
Pathological increase in size of testicles. 
Orchidectomy, or-kid-ek'to-me (orchis, ektome, ex- 
cision). Castration. 
Orchidemphraxis, or-kid-em-fraks'is (orchis, em- 
phraxis, obstruction). Condition in which the vessels 
of the testicles are obstructed. 
Orchidencephaloma, or-kid-en-sef-al-o'mah (orchis, 
erikephalos, brain). Medullary fungus of the brain. 
Orchidion, or-kid'e-on (dim. of Orchis). Small tes- 
ticle. 
Orchidi'tis (orchis, itis). Inflammation of the tes- 
ticle ; hernia humoralis. 
Orchidocar'pum arieti'num (orchis, karpos, fruit). 
See Carica papaya. 
Orchidocatab'asis or Orcheocatab'asis (orchis, ka- 
tabasis, descent). The descent of the testes into the 
scrotum. 
Orchidocele, or-kid-o-se'le (Eng. or'kid-o-seel (orchis, 
kele, tumor). Hernia humoralis. Tumor of the 
testicle. 
Orchidodynia (orchis, odune, pain). Orchidalgia. 
Orchidomyeloma, or-kid-o-me-el-o'mah (orchis, mue- 
los, marrow, oma). Medullary fungus of the testicle. 
Orchidoncus, or-kid-on'kus (orchis, onkos, swelling). 
Hernia humoralis. 
Orchidopexia, or-kid-o-peks'e-ah (orchis, pegnumi, 
to adjust). Orchidopexy. Operation of fastening the 
testicle to adjacent part by suture. 
Orchidorrhaphy, or-kid-or'rhaf-e (orchis, rhaphe, 
suture). Orchidopexia. 
Orchidoscheocele, or-kid-os-ke-o-se'le (Eng. or-kid- 
os'ke-o-seel). Hernia of scrotum coexisting with 
hernia humoralis. 
Orchidoscirrhus, or-kid-o-skir'rus. See Orchiocele. 
Orchidospongioma, or-kid-o-spon-je-o'mah (orchis, 
spongin, sponge). Growth of testicles tuberculous in 
character. 
787 
r ORCHITIS 
Orchidot'omy (orchis, tome, incision). Castration. 
Orchidotubercula, or-kid-o-tu-burk'u-lah. Orchid- 
ospongiomata. 
Orchidotyloma, or-kid-o-til-o'mah (orchis, tulos, 
callus). Tubercle of testicles callous in character. 
Orchiepididymitis, or-ke-ep-e-did-im-e'tis. Orchitis 
accompanied with epididymitis. 
Or'chill. Deep reddish-purple semi-liquid color- 
ing matter obtained from different species of Roc- 
cella and other lichens. 
Orchil'la weed. Species of Roccella yielding orchil. 
Orchiocele, or-ke-o-se'le (Eng. or'ke-o-seel) (orchis, 
testicle, kele, a rupture). Tumor of the testicle. 
Scrotal hernia. Hernia humoralis. A name given 
to several affections of the testicles and their cover- 
ings, essentially differing from each other. 0. scir- 
rho'sa, scirrhous tumor of the testis. 
Orchiodynia (orchis, odune, pain). Orchidalgia. 
Orchiomyeloma, or-ke-o-me-el-o'mah. Medullary 
fungus of the testicle. 
Orchioneuralgia, or-ke-o-nu-ral'je-ah (orchis, neu- 
ron, nerve, algos, pain). Orchidalgia. 
Orchioscheocele, or-ke-os-ke-o-se'le (Eng. or-ke-os'- 
ke-o-seel) (orchis, osche, scrotum, kele, tumor). Hernia 
of scrotum coexisting with orchidoncus. 
Orchioscirrhus, or-ke-o-skir'rhus. Scirrhous tumor 
of the testicle. 
Orchiostosis, or-ke-ost-o'sis (orchis, osteon, bone). 
Bony indurated condition of testicle. 
Orchiotomy, or-ke-ot'o-me (orchis, tome, section). 
Castration. 
Orchipeda (or-kip'ed-ah) foe'tida. Javanese tree; 
juice is employed in some cutaneous affections. 
Orchirrhaphy, ork-ir'rhaf-e (orchis, rhaphe, suture). 
Operation of fastening the testicle to adjacent part 
by suture. 
Orchis, or'kis. Testicle. 0. bifo'lia, see Salep. 0., 
but'terfly, Orchis bifolia. 0. latifo'lia, see Salep. 0. 
macula'ta, see Salep. 0. mas'cula, Dogs' stones, Male 
orchis, Ballockgrass, Male Fools' Stones, Twinroot, ord. 
Orchidacese. This root had a place in some pharma- 
copoeias on account of the glutinous, slimy juice it 
contains. Boot of the Orchis bifolia or Butterfly orchis 
has been used as a demulcent. Its fancied aphrodisiac 
virtues seem to be owing to its resemblance to orchis, 
testicle, whence its name. Salep is obtained from 
this variety of the orchis and from the Orchis morio, 
etc.; see Salep. 0. milita'ris, see Salep. 0., round- 
leaved, large, Platanthera orbiculata. 
Orchitidocolica, or-kit-id-o-kol'ik-ah (orchis, koli- 
kos). Colic due to orchitis. 
Orchitis, or-ke'tis (orchis, itis). Inflammation of 
the testicle. Hernia humoralis. 0. acu'ta urethral'is, 
acute orchitis following inflammation of urethra. 0. 
apostemato'sa, orchitis, suppurative. 0., hlennor- 
rhag'ic, see Hernia humoralis. 0. blennorrhaglca 
urethra'lis, epididymitis. 0. caseo'sa, orchitis, 
tubercular. 0., disseminated tuber'cular, orchitis 
occurring in diffuse miliary tuberculosis. 0. epi- 
dem'ica, the name of parotitic orchitis has been 
given to this form because it has been observed to 
exist more frequently during an attack of mumps 
occurring in epidemic form. 0., gonorrhoe'al, see 
Hernia humoralis. 0., gout'y, orchitis preceding a 
gouty attack. 0. gummato'sa, gummatous orchitis, 
a variety of syphilitic orchitis. 0., interstitial, or- 
chitis in which the interstitial connective tissue is 
in a hyperplastic condition and the testicle atrophied. 
0., mala'rial, orchitis occurring in individuals suffer- 
ing from malaria. 0. parotitic, orchitis due to 
metastasis observed in an attack of mumps. 0. rheu- 
mat'ica, orchitis caused by rheumatism. 0. syph- 
ilitica, orchitis due to syphilis attacking both tes- 
ticles, either at the same time or consecutively. 
This disease is characterized by almost entire absence 
of pain and marked insensibility to pressure. 0., 
tuber'cular, disease of a scrofulous character, in 
which caseation and suppuration are apt to occur, 
and the spermatic cord and seminal vesicles to in- 
crease in size. 0. urethra'lis, orchitis following ure- 
thritis. ORCHITOMIA 
Orchitomia (or-kit-om'e-ah) or Orchot'omy (orchis, 
tome, incision). Castration. 
Orchocele, ork-o-se'le (Eng. ork'o-seel). Orchiocele. 
Or'choi (orchos, a row). See Tarsus. 
Orchotom'ia or Orchotomy, or-kot'o-me (orchis, 
tome, section). Castration. Also removal of the tarsi. 
Or'chus or Or'chos (orchos, a row). See Tarsus. 
Orcin, or'sin. A dihydroxyltoluol found in lichens; 
local anaesthetic; used externally in skin diseases. 
Or de'al nut. Calabar bean, Physostigmatis faba, Cal- 
abar; called Esere by the natives of Calabar; ord. 
Leguminosae; the Physostigma venenosum, closely re- 
sembling a Dolichos. Possessed of virulent acronar- 
cotic properties. The bean is officinal under the name 
Physostigma. It appears to be a direct sedative to the 
spinal cord. Internally given in the form of tincture 
and alcoholic extract in epilepsy, etc. Its active alka- 
loids are termed Physostigmine and Eserine or Eseria. 
0. tree, Erythrophloeum Guineense. 
Orde'olum. Hordeolum. 
Or'deum. Hordeum. 
Or'do medicinaTis. Police, medical. 
Orectic, o-rek'tik (oregomai, to desire). Exciting 
appetite. 
Or'egon grape. Berberis aquifolium and other 
species. 0. tobac'co, used as food by the Indians. 
Ore'lia grandlflo'ra. Allamanda. 
Orella'na. See Terra Orleana. Anotta. 
Orellin, o-rel'lin. Yellow coloring matter in anotta. 
Oreoselin, o-re-os'el-in. Crystalline principle from 
partial decomposition of imperatorin or peucedanin. 
Oreoseli'num (oros, mountain, selinon, parsley). 
Athamanta aureoselinum. 0. Africa'num, Bubon 
galbanum. 0. legit'imum, Athamanta aureoselinum. 
0. ni'grum, Athamanta aureoselinum. 
ORGANIC 
Orex'lne hydrochlo'ride. Derivation of chinoline; 
in colorless, odorless, bitter crystals. Used medici- 
nally as a stomachic and digestive tonic in form of 
wafer. It is given in cases of loss of appetite, anae- 
mia, tuberculosis, chronic gastric catarrh, etc. 
Orex'is (oregomai, to desire). Appetite; pyrosis. 
0. cyno'des, boulimia. 
Or'gan (ergon, work, instrument). Part of an or- 
ganized being, destined to exercise a particular func- 
tion ; as the eyes are organs of sight, etc. The col- 
lection of organs which concur in any function is 
called an apparatus. Mentha pulegium. 0. albu'- 
min, albumin forming integral part of tissues. 0. of 
Cor'ti, see Corti. 0., enam'el, see Tooth. 0. of 
Giral'dds, Parepdidyimis, Paradidymis. A small linear 
body at the upper end of the testicle in the spermatic 
cord, regarded by Giraldes as the remains of the 
Wolffian body, and analogous to the 'appendage to 
the ovary' of the female. 0., gus'tatory, that part 
of the mouth and tongue which instructs us as to the 
savors of bodies. 0. of Ro'senmuller, parovarium. 
Or'gana (pl. of Organum) generatio'ni inservien'- 
tia. Genital organs. 0. genita'lia, genital organs. 
0. sexua'lia, genital organs. 0. sudorip'ara, see 
Perspiration. 0. urogenita'lia, urogenital organs. 
0. uropoet'lca, urinary organs. 
Organ'ic. Relating to an organ or organs and 
to beings possessed of organs; to structure as op- 
posed to function. 0. bodies, the various prox- 
imate principles of the body, nitrogenous and non- 
nitrogenous; the former, occurring in all the tissues 
and fluids, and active in formation of solid con- 
stituents of the body, being chemically CH0 and N ; 
the non-nitrogenous being fats and carbohydrates. 
Organic bodies may be thus classified (Manning): 
788 
Classification of Organic Bodies. 
I. Nitrogenous Organic Bodies. 
1. Native albumins found in 
nature, 
Egg albumin, 
Serum albumin, 
Globulin, 
Paraglobulin, 
Fibrinogen, 
Myosin, 
Vitellin, 
Globin, 
Soluble in water and coagulable by heat. 
2. Globulins found in na- 
ture, 
Soluble in sol. NaCl., 1 per cent.; coagulable by 
heat; nearly all precipitated by alcohol. 
3. Derived albumins, de- 
rived from Class 1 by ac- 
tion of acids, alkalies, or 
ferments, 
Proteids. 
Acid albumin, 
Alkali albumin, 
Casein, 
Soluble in weak (1 per cent.) HC1 sol.; not co- 
agulable by heat; precipitated by neutraliz- 
ing solution. 
4. Fibrin, from Class 1 by 
action of " fibrin ferment," 
5. Coagulated albumin, by 
heat, etc., from Class 1, 
Fibrin, 
Coagulated al- 
bumin, 
Insoluble in cold HC1 (1 per cent.) sol., but solu- 
ble at 60° C. 
Soluble in gastric juice, becoming peptones, and 
also in strong acids, becoming acid albumin. 
6. Peptones, by action of 
digestive ferments on 
Class 1, 
Peptones, 
Very soluble in water; not precipitated by heat, 
acids, alkalies, or alcohol. Peculiar in dia- 
lyzing freely. 
Gelatin, soluble in hot water. 
Mucin, soluble in weak alkaline solutions. 
Elastin, insoluble. 
Chondrin, soluble in hot water. 
Keratin, insoluble ; probably a complex compound. 
Gelatins. 
Products of the de- 
composition of ni- 
trogenous matter. 
Crystallizable acids-e. g. glycin, lucin, taurin, etc. 
Urea and its allies-e. g. kreatin, uric acid, xanthin, etc. 
Pigments-e. g. bile-pigments, melanin, heematin, etc. 
Nitrogenous, but of 
uncertain composi- 
tion. 
Ferments-e. g. amylolytic, proteolytic, milk-curdling, etc. 
II. Non-nitrogenous Organic Bodies. 
Fats. 
Olein, liquid at ordinary temperatures. 
Palmatin, solid " " (melts at 113° F.) 
Stearin, " " " ( " 140° F.) 
Iatty 
issues. 
Insoluble in water. 
Soluble in ether. 
" " chloroform. 
" " hot water. 
Saponify. 
Cholesterin, chemically an alcohol, but closely allied to the fats. 
Starch, soluble in hot water, not in cold. 
Glycogen, soluble in cold water. In liver, by dehydration, glucose. Iodine test (red color). 
Not found in unchanged state in 
body, except as food. 
Iodine test (blue color). 
Carbohydrates. 
Dextrin, " " " " Not found in body except as food. 
Glucose, " " " " 
(Derived from saccharose and starch by 
[ ferment action. 
... 
less readily to fermen- 
and copper 
rests. 
Lactose, " " " " Found in milk. 
Maltose, " " " " From starch by ferments, ptyalin. 
Inosite, " " " 11 Found in muscles and in heart. | 
[ Formic acid, 
Acetic " 
Found only in perspiration. 
Non-fermentable with 
yeast. 
Fatty acids. 
(.Lactic " " " " muscle-plasma. ORGANICISM 
0. chem'istry, see Chemistry. 0. com'pound, prod- 
uct of vital action (sometimes of synthetic chem- 
istry) possessing definite composition, often exhibiting 
crystalline structure ; thus distinguished from an or- 
ganized body,which exhibits no tendency to crystalline 
arrangement and is not invariable in composition. 
0. diseases or le'sions, such as concern the organ 
itself, in contradistinction to functional, rational, or 
dynamic diseases or lesions, which merely concern 
the function. Of course, organic diseases of a part 
are always more serious than functional. 0. func'- 
tions are those possessed by both animals and vege- 
tables. The word organic, as well as teleorganic, is 
also used synonymously with vital, in contradistinction 
to physical. 0. life, Bichat's term for some of the 
functions common to living animals and vegetables, 
as opposed to those he supposed peculiar to animals. 
0. ner'vous sys'tem, see Trisplanchnic nerve. 0. re/- 
flexes, those connected with organic actions, as defe- 
cation, erection, digestion, etc. 
Organ'icism. Doctrine of the localization of dis- 
ease, or which refers it always to a material lesion of 
an organ. It is the antithesis of vitalism. The great 
principle of the supporters of the former doctrine is 
that life is the result of organization. 
Organisa'tio. Organization. 
Organisa'tus. Organized. 
Or'ganism. The living economy. Many physi- 
ologists have used this word synonymously with 
organization; but it more especially designates the 
aggregate of vital actions in organized beings, animal 
as well as vegetable. The collection of parts com- 
posing an organized body and the laws which govern 
it. 
Or'ganite. An elementary organ-a blood-cor- 
puscle, for example. 
Organizabil'ity {organisatio, habilis, suitable). 
Capability of organization or of being formed into 
living tissue. Substances possessed of such capability 
-as fibrin-are said to be organizable. 
Organization. The manner of structure proper 
to different beings. Also employed in the sense of 
the structure of a part; as the organization of the 
heart, etc. 0., compounds of, principles, imme- 
diate. 
Or'ganized. That which is composed of organs. 
0. bod'ies, those endowed with life-i. e. animals 
and vegetables-in contradistinction to inorganic 
bodies, which comprise the mineral kingdom. See 
Corpus. 
Organochemia, or-gan-o-kem-e'ah. Organic chem- 
istry. 
Organogen'esis {organ, genesis, generation). Doc- 
trine of the formation and growth of organs. 
Organogenetic, or-gan-o-jen-et'ik. Relating to 
organogenesis. 
Organogenic, or-gan-o-jen'ik. Relating or apper- 
taing to organogeny. 
Organogeny, or-gan-oj'en-e {organ, genesis, genera- 
tion). Doctrine of the formation of different organs. 
Organognosia, or-gan-og-no'ze-ah {organ, gnosis, 
knowledge). Knowledge and discrimination of or- 
ganized bodies. 
Organog'raphy {organ, graphe, description). A 
description of the organs of the living body. 
Organoid, or'gan-oid. Virchow's term for tumors 
consisting of a number of tissues. 
Organolep'tic {organ, lepsis, action of receiving). 
Plastic. 
Organol'ogy {organ, logos, description). Anatomy; 
craniology. Description of the various organs of the 
body. 
Or'ganon. Organ. 0. adamanti/nas, enamel or- 
gan. 0. audi'tus, the ear. 0. gus'tus, organ, gus- 
tatory. 0. innomina'tum, pancreas. 0. kollikeri, 
cylindrical epithelial cells lining sulcus spiralis in- 
ternus. 0. olfacto'rium, organs, olfactory. 0. pneu- 
ma'ticum, pedunculus. 0. tac'tus, organ or sense 
of taste, one of the five senses, which makes known 
to us the palatable qualities of bodies. 0. vi'sus, the 
eye. 
789 
> 0RIFIC1UM 
Organonomia (or-gan-o-nom'e-ah) or Organon'omy 
(.organ, nomos, law). Doctrine of the laws of organic 
life. 
Organopalinclasis, or-gan-o-pal-in'klas-is (organon, 
palin, again, klasis, a breaking). See Refracture. 
Organopathia, or-gan-o-path-e'ah. Morbid condi- 
tion in which a structural change in the affected part 
exists. 
Organop'athism (organ, pathos, affection). Organo- 
pathology. Doctrine of organopathies or of organo- 
pathic states of Piorry, which consists essentially 
in studying the pathological condition of the organs 
in each individual case. 
Organopathy, or-gan-op'ath-e. Organopathism. 
Local action of drugs. 
Organoscopy, or-gan-os'ko-pe (organ, skopeo, to ex- 
amine). See Craniology. 
Organotrophic, or-gan-o-tro'fik (organ, trepho, to 
feed). Relating or appertaining to the organization, 
nutrition, or creation of living parts. 
Organozobnomia, or-gan-o-zo-on-o'me-ah (organ, 
soon, animal, nomos, law). Zobnomia. 
Or'gans of generation. Parts concerned in repro- 
duction. In mammals the male organs are the tes- 
ticles and penis, with connecting and included ducts 
and glands; the female organs are the ovaries, ovi- 
ducts, uterus, vagina, and vulva. 0., ac'cessory, or- 
gans whose functions are less important than those 
of the main organs. 0., ac'cessory, in the fe'male, 
glands, mammary. 0., ex'cretory, organs whose 
function it is to eliminate excrementitious matter. 
0., lac'rymal, see Apparatus, lacrymal. 0. of loco- 
motion, see Locomotive. 0., olfactory, cavities of 
nose and ends of olfactory nerves. 
Or'ganum. Instrument; organ. 
Or'gany. Origanum vulgare. 
Orgasm, or'gazm (orgao, to desire ardently, to be 
excited). A strong impulse or desire for something. 
State of excitement and turgescence of any organ 
whatever. Erethism. Applied particularly to the 
height of venereal excitement in sexual intercourse. 
Orgas'mus. Orgasm; turgescence. 
Orgastica. Diseases affecting the orgasm ; organic 
or constitutional infirmity disordering the power or 
desire of procreating. 
Or'ge. Rage. 
Or'geat (orge, because formerly made with barley- 
water). Syrupus amygdalae. 
Orgo'sis. Orgasm. 
Orichal'cum (or os, mountain, chalkos, brass). Brass. 
Oric'ular. Auricular. 
Orien'tal. Pertaining to or coming from the 
Orient. O.looil, see Furunculus Orientalis. 0. cashew' 
nut, marking-nut, Malacca bean, marsh nut; fruit of 
Semicarpus anacardium ; the hard shell contains a cor- 
rosive juice; kernel is used for food. 0. el'emi, see Af- 
rican elemi. 0. ring'worm, tinea circinata tropica. 
0. salep', tubers of various species of Eulophia 
growing in India. 0. sore, see Ulcers, endemic. 0. 
ty'phus, Plague. 
Orienta'tion. Recognition of points of the compass; 
optical recognition of horizontal and vertical lines as 
such, and of stability of objects when their images 
shift on the retina through the motion of the eye. 
The O. of a building is the point of the compass to 
which it faces. 
Orifacial, or-e-fa'se-al. Relating to the face and 
mouth. 0. an'gle, in craniometry, angle between 
facial line of Camper (see Facial angle) and a plane 
drawn through masticating surfaces of upper teeth. 
Orifice, or'if-iss (os, mouth, facio, to make). En- 
trance to a canal or cavity ; variously called opening, 
aperture, foramen, meatus, ostium, mouth, etc. 
Orificial, or-if-ish'e-al. Relating to an orifice, as 
orificial surgery, surgery applied to any orifice, as the 
anus, vulva, etc. 
Orificium, or-if-is'e-um (os, mouth, facio, to make). 
Ostium; opening; mouth. 0. cuta'neum, external 
opening of urethra. 0. dex'trum ventric'uli, pylorus. 
0. epiplo'icum, foramen of Monro. 0. hyme'nis, see 
Vagina. 0. infundib'uli, helicotrema. 0. supe'rius ORIGANUM 
laryn'gis, see Larynx. 0. u'teri, os uteri. 0. uteri'- 
num, see Uterus. 0. vagi'nae, see Vagina. 0. vagi- 
na'le, see Uterus. 0. vagina'le cana'lis cervi'cis, 
os uteri. 0. ventric'uli sinis'trum, cardiac extremity 
of stomach. 0. vesica'le, vesical opening of urethra. 
Orig'anum (Ph. U. S.) (oros, mountain, ganos, delight). 
Wild or Common marjoram, Mancurana, ord. Labiatse. 
Resembles marjoram in smell, and has a pungent 
taste much like thyme. It is aromatic and stimu- 
lant, diaphoretic and emmenagogue, and its oil pos- 
sesses the properties of the essential oils in general. 
The oil of origanum is very pungent; it is rarely given 
internally. Used in toothache. 0. aquat/icum, 
Eupatorium cannabinum. 0. cre'ticum, O. dictam- 
nus. 0. dictam'nus, leaves were recommended as 
emmenagogue and alexipharmic. 0. heracleot'- 
icum, origanum. 0. majora'na, Sweet marjoram ; odor 
is strong and fragrant, taste aromatic and bitterish; 
properties those of a stomachic and errhine; chiefly 
used, however, for culinary purposes and as a snuff in 
headache. 0. Syri'acum, Teucrium marum. O.vul'- 
gare, origanum. 
Or'igin. Beginning or source. More fixed or cen- 
tral termination of a muscle. Connection of a nerve 
with the cerebro-spinal axis. 0., appar'ent, O., super- 
ficial. 0., deep, nucleus of cells to which its fibres 
penetrate. 0., superficial, place of appearance on 
surface. 
Original. Male deer with undescended testicles. 
Ori'go (orior, to arise). Origin. First attack or 
onset of a disease. 
Orismol'ogy (orismos, definition, logos, discourse). 
Terminology; nomenclature. 
Oristry, or'ist-re. Surgery relating to the teeth 
and mouth. 
Oriza, or-e'zah. Oryza. 
Oriza'ba root. Male jalap. 
Orizabin, or-iz-ab'in. Jalapin. 
Orlea'na. See Terra orleana. Annotta. 
Orine. Appetite. 
Ormocarpum (or-mo-karp'um) lennoi'des. Species 
of East India. Root possesses tonic and stimulant 
properties; bark of the root is employed externally 
in rheumatism. 
Ormosine, or'mo-seen. Crystalline alkaloid from 
seed of Ormosia dasycarpa; white substance resem- 
bling opium in its action. 
Ormus, orm'us. Ulmus. 
Ornamen'tum folia'ceum. See Tube, Fallopian. 
Ornithog'alum altis'simum (fanciful name, from 
ornis, bird, gala, milk). A South African plant, ord. 
Asphodelese, the fleshy bulb of which is diuretic. An 
oxymel is prepared of it, which is given in catarrh, 
asthma, phthisis, and hydrothorax. Resembles squill 
in its medical properties. 0. marit'imum, scilla. 0. 
squil'la, scilla. 
Ornithoglos'sa (ornis, bird, glossa, tongue). See 
Fraxinus excelsior. 
Ornithography, or-nith-og'raf-e (ornis, bird, grapho, 
to write). Description of birds. 
Ornithol'ogy. Treatise on birds. 
Or'nus Europae'a. See Fraxinus ornus. 0. man- 
nif'era, Fraxinus ornus. 0. rotundifo'lla, Fraxinus 
ornus. 0. sylves'tris, Fraxinus excelsior. 
Oroban'che America'na and 0. unifio'ra (orobus, 
ancho, to strangle). Cancer-root, Earthclub, and Clap- 
wort. Same properties as O. Virginiana. 0. Virginia'- 
na, Virginia broomrape, Beechdrops, Cancer-root; fam. 
Orobanchoideae. This parasitic plant is astringent, 
and a peculiar and extremely nauseous bitter. It is 
most powerful when fresh; has been used in dysen- 
tery, and, externally, to obstinate ulcers. 
Orobechos (or-ob-ek'os) or Orebech'us (orobos, echos, 
sound). Sound, crackling in character, elicited occa- 
sionally when the inner angle of the eye is subjected 
to marked pressure. 
Orob'ion. See Ervum ervilia. 
Oroboi'des (orobus, eidos, form). Orobodes. Having 
the shape of the orobus. A name given to urine when 
depositing a substance of a fawn color, like the meal 
790 
ORTHIODONTUS 
Or'obus. Ervum ervilia. 0. fa'ba, Vicia faba. 
Orognosia, or-og-no'se-ah (oros, mountain, gnosis, 
knowledge). Science of mountains, their origin, 
structure, etc., and, medically, their influence on 
human health. 
Orog'raphy or Orol'ogy (oros, mountain, grapho, to 
write, logos, discourse). Description of mountains, 
viewed physically or hygienically. 
Oron'osus (oros, mountain, nosos, a disease). Puna; 
mountain fever. 
Orophallus, or-o-fal'lus (pros, rump, phallos, the 
male organ). Monster having a second male organ 
originating from the region of the nates. 
O'ros. Crupion; serum. 
Orox'ylum Indlcum. Ord. Bigoniacese. Root is 
employed externally and in form of bath, in acute 
articular rheumatism. Dose, internally, 3-15 grains, 
combined with opium; its diaphoretic action is more 
energetic than that of ipecac. In dysentery a tonic 
astringent. 
Or'piment. Native yellow trisulphide of arsenic. 
Poisonous, but less so than the oxide. It is also called 
King's yellow, Adarigo, Adarnech, Ahusal, Althanacha, 
Azarnet. The Turks prepare a depilatory with it 
which they call Rusma. 
Or'pine. Sedum telephium. 
Orrhagogus, or-rhag-o'gus (orrhos, serum, ago, to 
lead). Hydragogue. 
Orrhochezia, or-ro-ke'ze-ah (orrhos, serum, chezo, to 
go to stool). Serous diarrhoea. 
Orrhocystis, or-ro-sis'tis (orrhos, serum, kustis, a 
bladder). An encysted tumor containing a serous 
fluid. 
Orrhohymeni'tis (orrhos, serum, humen, membrane, 
itis). Inflammation of a serous membrane. 
Orrhohymenes, or-ro-hi'men-ees (orrhos, serum, hu- 
men, membrane). See Membrane, serous. 
Or'rhoid. Serous. 
Orrhoposia, or-rho-po'se-ah (orrhos, whey, posis, 
drink). Milk-drinking; milk diet. 
Orrhopygion, or-rho-pij'e-on (orrhos, extremity, 
puge, nates). Inferior extremity of the vertebral col- 
umn. Os coccygis. Also the raphe extending from 
the penis to the anus, and separating the scrotum into 
two parts. 
Orrhorrhagia, or-rhor-rhaj'e-ah (orrhos, serum, 
rhegnumi, to burst forth). Sudden discharge of serum, 
as from the bowels in Asiatic cholera. 
Orrhosis, or-rho'sis (orrhos, serum). Formation of 
serum. 
Orrhoso'len (orrhos, serum, solen, pipe or tube). 
Lymphatic vessel. 
Orrhosolenitis, or-rho-so-len-e'tis (orrhos, serum, so- 
len, channel). Inflammation of lymphatic vessel. 
Orrhymenitis, or-rim-en-e'tis (orrhumenes, serous 
membrane, itis). Inflammation of a serous mem- 
brane. 0. thorac'ica, pleurisy. 
Or'ris. Iris Fiorentina. 0., common, Iris Ger- 
manica. 
Orrorrhce'a (orrhos, serum, rheo, to flow). A mor- 
bidly increased secretion of a serous fluid; watery 
discharge. 
Ortharthragra, or-thar'thrag-rah (orthos, true, ar- 
thron, joint, agra, seizure). True gout. 
Orthentrop'ia (ortho, entrepo, to convert). Ortho- 
paedia. 
Orthiauchenus, or-the-au'ken-us (orthos, upright, 
auchen, neck). Applied to skulls in which line join- 
ing inion and basion makes an angle of from 49° to 
38° with radius fixus (Lissauer). 
Orthio (ortWos, straight). In composition, straight. 
Orthiochordus, or-the-o-kor'dus (orthios, straight, 
chorde, chord). Applied to skulls in which line join- 
ing hormion and basion makes an angle of 33° to 52° 
with radius fixus (Lissauer). 
Orthiocoryphus, or-the-o-kor'if-us (orthios, straight, 
koruphe, peak). Applied to skulls in which line con- 
necting bregma and lambda makes an angle of 29° to 
41° with radius fixus (Lissauer). 
Orthiodontus, or-the-o-don'tus (orthio, odous, tooth). 
Applied to skulls in which line joining subnasal and ORTH IODOXYBENZIN E 
alveolar points makes an angle of 88° to 121° with 
radius fixus (Lissauer). 
Orthiodoxyben'zine or -ben'zol. Pyrocatechin, 
Orthiometopus, or-the-o-met-o'pus {or thio, metopon, 
forehead). Applied to skulls in which line joining 
bregma and nasal point makes an angle of 47° to 60° 
with radius fixus (Lissauer). 
Orthiopisthius, or-the-o-pis'the-us {orthio, opisthios, 
hinder). Applied to skulls in which line joining 
lambda and inion makes an angle of 84° to 95° with 
radius fixus (Lissauer). 
Orthiopisthocranios, or-the-o-pis-tho-kran'e-us (or- 
thio, kranion, cranium). Applied to skulls in which 
line joining lambda and opisthion makes an angle of 
107° to 119° with radius fixus (Lissauer). 
Orthioprosopus, or-the-o-pros-o'pus {orthio, proso- 
pon, face). Applied to skulls in which line drawn 
from nasion to alveolar point makes an angle of 89.5° 
to 100° with radius fixus (Lissauer). 
Orthiopylus, or-the-o-pe'lus {orthio, pule, inlet). 
Applied to skulls in which foramen magnum looks 
markedly forward (15.5° to 24°) when referred to 
radius fixus as a horizontal (Lissauer). 
Orthiorhinus, or-the-o-re'nus (orthio, rhis, nose). 
Applied to skulls in which line joining nasion and 
subnasal point makes an angle of 87.5° to 98° (Lis- 
sauer). 
Orthiuraniskus, or-the-u-ran-is'kus (orthio, ouranis- 
kos, heavenly). Applied to skulls in which line con- 
necting posterior border of incisive foramen and al- 
veolar point looks backward when referred to radius 
fixus as a horizontal, making an angle of 40° to 60° 
(Lissauer). 
Or'tho (orthos). In composition, straight, right, 
upright. 
Orthocephaly, or-tho-sef'al-e {ortho, kephale, head). 
Having vertical index of 70.1° to 75° (Frankfort 
agreement). 
Orthochorea, or-tho-kor-e'ah {orthos, straight, 
choreia, a dance). Chorea in which the patient as- 
sumes a straight attitude. 
Orthoco'lum {ortho, kolon, limb). Stiffness of the 
limb so that it is kept quite straight. 
Orthocyllosis, or-tho-sil-lo'sis {orthos, kullosis, mu- 
tilation). Ankylosis in which the limb is straight. 
Orthodon'tia {ortho, odous, tooth). Part of dentistry 
concerned in treatment of irregularity of the teeth. 
Orthodo'ron {ortho, doron, palm). A measure with 
the Greeks equal to eleven finger-breadths. 
Orthognath'ic or Orthog'nathous {ortho, gnathos, 
jaw). Having a gnathic index less than 98°. Having 
profile line inclined to auriculo-infraorbital plane 
from 63° to 90° (Frankfort agreement). 
Orthognathism, or-thog'na-thism. State of being 
orthognathous; distinguished from prognathism and 
opisthognathism. 
Orthokre'sol. See Kresol. 
Orthometer, or-thom'et-ur {ortho, metron, measure). 
Instrument for measuring the degree of ocular pro- 
trusion. 
Orthomor'phia {ortho, morphe, shape). Orthopaedia ; 
plastic surgery for correction of faulty shape or con- 
formation. 
Orthomorpho'sis. Orthopaedia. 
Orthopaedi'a {ortho, pais, a child). Orthopedics. The 
part of medicine whose object is to prevent and cor- 
rect deformities in the bodies of children. Often 
used, however, with a more extensive signification, 
to embrace the correction or prevention of deformi- 
ties at all ages. Orthosomatics (from orthos, right, soma, 
body) has been proposed as a preferable term. 
Orthopae'dic. Orthopedic. Relating to orthopaedia, 
as orthopedic institution, an institution for the correc- 
tion or prevention of deformities in children. 
Orthopaedy, orth'o-pe-de. Orthopedics. 
Orthope'dic. Orthopaedic. 
Orthope'dics. Orthopaedia. 
Orthope'dist. One who practises orthopaedia. 
Orthophe'nol-sulphon'ic acid. Aseptol. 
Orthophony, orth-of'on-e {ortho, phone, voice). A 
good pronunciation. Normal voice. 
791 
ORYZA 
Orthophoria, or-tho-for'e-ah (ortho, phero, to carry). 
Normal tendency to parallelism of visual axes. 
Orthophospho'ric acid. Common phosphoric acid 
as distinguished from pyro- and metaphosphoric acids. 
Orthophrenic, or-tho-fren'ik (ortho, phren, mind). 
Relating to sound mind and to the cure of insanity. 
Orthophreny, or'tho-fren-e (orthos, phren, mind). 
Treatment of insanity. 
Orthophthalmic, orth-of-thal'mik (ortho, ophthalmos, 
eye). Relating to or belonging to the correction of 
deviations of the eyeball, as of strabismus. 
Orthopneumaticus, orth-o-nu-mat'ik-us. Relating 
to orthopnoea. 
Orthopnoea, orth-op-ne'ah (ortho, pneo, to respire). 
Apnoea. Impracticability of breathing in the hori- 
zontal posture. Necessity of being in the erect post- 
ure in order to respire. 0. cardi'aca, angina pecto- 
ris. 0. convulsi'va, asthma. 0. cynanch'ica, cy- 
nanche trachealis. 0. hydrothorac'ica, hydrothorax. 
0. hysterica, angone. 0. pituito'sa, orthopnoea from 
excessive secretion of mucus in the air-passages. 0. 
tussiculo'sa, whooping-cough. 
Orthopnoicus, orth-o-no'ik-us. Orthopneumaticus. 
Orthoprax'is (ortho, praxis, action). Orthopraxy. 
Treatment of deformities by mechanical apparatus. 
Or'thopraxy. Orthopraxis. 
Orthop'tic (ortho, optomai, to see). Relating to 
normal vision with both eyes. 0. training, mode 
of correction of defective vision by special ocular 
exercise of the eye or eyes. 
Orthopygium, orth-o-pij'e-um. Coccyx. 
Orthorrhachia, orth-or-rhak'e-ah (ortho, rhachis, 
spine). Art of overcoming deformities of the spine. 
Orthoscope, or'tho-skope (ortho, skopeo, to see). An 
instrument devised by Czermak to exhibit, on appli- 
cation to the eye, the condition of the superficial por- 
tions of that organ. 
Orthoscopic, or-tho-skop'ic (ortho, skopeo, to see). 
Relating to the orthoscope or orthoscopy. 
Orthos'copy (ortho, skopeo, to see). Examination 
of the eye by means of an orthoscope. 
Orthosiphon, orth-o-se'fon (ortho, siphon, tube). 
Stamineus. Plant growing in Japan and the East 
Indies. The leaves when dried are employed in gout 
and urinary affections. 
Orthosis, or-tho'sis (orthoo, to make straight). 
Process of making or becoming straight. 
Orthosomatlce (ortho, soma, body). Orthopsedia. 
Orthospo'rum anthelmin'ticum. Chenopodium am- 
brosioides, var. Anthelminticum. 
Orthosyne, orth-os'in-e (ortho). Capability of erec- 
tion. 
Orthotast, orth'o-tast (ortho, tasso, to order). Appa- 
ratus for overcoming faulty conformation of the long 
bones; also employed for compression of the aorta. 
Orthotenes, orth-ot'en-ees. Possessing capability of 
erection. 
Ortho'ter. Orthopedist. 
Orthoterion, orth-o-ta're-on. Apparatus used to 
straighten deformed limbs. 
Orthot'onos or Orthotonus, or-thot'on-us (ortho, 
tonos, stretching). Rigid extension of trunk and neck 
in a straight line in tetanic spasm. 
Orthrine, orth'reen. Product derived from phenyl- 
hydrazine. 
Orthysteropto'ma (ortho, hustera, uterus, ptoma, 
fall). Prolapsus uteri. 
Ortillus (articulus, joint). Digitus pedis. 
Or'tyx. Tetrao coturnix. 
O'rus. Crupion; serum. 
Orvieta'num (from the Italian quack Hieronymus 
Ferrantes of Orvieto). An electuary regarded as an 
invaluable antidote. Its medical properties resembled, 
in some respects, those of the theriac. 
Ory'za, 0. sati'va. Rice, fam. Gramineae. A plant, 
almost aquatic, indigenous in China, one of the rich- 
est productions of Egypt, and which prospers in the 
warmer regions of the four quarters of the globe. 
Grain enclosed in the husk is called by the Malays 
Paddy, Padi, or Paddie; when deprived of the husk, 
Bras; and when boiled, Nasi. Its amylaceous seeds ORYZUM 
nourish more men than those of wheat and rye 
together. Besides being alimentary, they are demul- 
cent and emollient. 
Mucilage of rice, Rice-water, may be formed by tak- 
ing one ounce of rice, and, having washed it, mace- 
rating it for three hours in a quart of tepid soft 
water, in a pan placed upon a stove, then boiling the 
whole slowly for another hour and straining through 
a sieve. It may be sweetened and acidulated, or be 
prepared with milk, like arrow root, and be used as a 
demulcent. 
Rice jelly is made by macerating a sufficient quan- 
tity of clean rice in as much water as will cover it; 
boiling slowly, adding water as it evaporates until 
the rice is reduced to a pap, sweetening and flavoring 
with lemon-juice or vanilla, and passing through a fine 
sieve into a form or mould. It may be eaten alone 
or with milk, and is a good dietetic preparation for 
those of weak digestive powers. 
Ground rice. Take a teaspoonful of ground rice, a 
pint and a half of milk, and half an ounce of candied 
lemon-peel. Rub the rice smooth with the milk, then 
add the lemon-peel cut into small pieces; boil for half 
an hour, and strain while hot; used in the same 
cases as rice jelly. 
Ory'zum. Oryza. 
Os (gen. ossis) (dim. Ossiculum). Bone. Os (gen. 
oris). Mouth. 0. acetab'uli, acetabulum. 0. acro- 
mia'le, distinct bone sometimes formed by failure of 
acromion process to unite with rest of scapula. 0. 
acro'mii, acromion. 0. adjuto'rium, humerus. 0. 
JEthi'opum, Negro mouth; peculiar appearance of the 
mouth, dependent on projection of the canine and 
incisor teeth. 0. alaefor'me, sphenoid. 0. al'agas, 
coccyx, sacrum. 0. ala'tum, sphenoid bone. 0. am- 
phid'eon, os uteri. 0. anon'ymum, innominatum os. 
0. anti'cum, mouth, especially portion between the 
lips and teeth. 0. antiepilep'ticum, Wormian bone 
formed in anterior fontanelle. 0. ap'icis squahnse 
(occipitalis), triangular Wormian bone formed from 
upper angle of occipital; interparietal bone. 0. ar- 
cua'le, temporal bone. 0. arma'le, temporal bone. 
0. as'ser, sternum. 0. az'ygos, sphenoid. 0. bal- 
lis'tse, astragalus. 0. basila're, occipital bone; palate- 
bone ; sacrum; sphenoid. 0. baxilla're, sphenoid. 
0. bicor'ne, hyoides os. 0. brachia'le, humeri os. 0. 
bra'chii, humeri os. 0. breg'matis, parietal bone. 
0. cal'cis, calcaneum. 0. canaTis naso-lacrymaTis, 
os lacrymalis externum. 0. capita'tum, magnum os. 
0. cau'dse, occipital bone. 0. centra'le, centrale. 0. 
clu'nium, sacrum. 0. coccy'gis, coccyx. 0. cogita- 
tio'nis, parietal bone. 0. colato'rii, sphenoid bone. 
0. colato'rium, ethmoid bone. 0. colifor'me, ethmoid 
bone. 0. convolu'tum supe'rius, turbinated bone, 
middle. 0. coracoi'deum, coracoid bone; in man, 
element forming coracoid process, distinct until 17th 
year. 0. cor'dis, bone found in fibro-cartilaginous 
tissue at base of ventricles of heart in some animals. 
0. corona'le, frontal bone. 0. cox'se, innominatum 
os. 0. coxen'dicis, ischium. 0. cribriforhne, eth- 
moid. 0. cribro'sum, ethmoid. 0. crista'tum, eth- 
moid. 0. crotaphit'icum, temporal bone. 0. cu'bi- 
cum, ethmoid bone. 0. ad cubita'le, radius. 0. 
cu'biti infe'rius, ulna. 0. cuneifor'me, cuneiform 
bone of wrist; sphenoid. 0. cu'neo-compara'tum, 
sphenoid. 0. cymbifor',me, scaphoid bone. 0. dis- 
cifor'me, patella. 0. du'rum, temporal bone. 0. en- 
sifor'me, sternum. 0. epac'tale pro'prium, inter- 
parietal bone. 0. exter'num, the entrance into the 
vagina, in contradistinction to the os internum or 
os uteri. 0. ex'tra or'dinem car'pi, os pisiforme. 
0. fem'oris, femur. 0. fibro'sum, occipital bone. 0. 
fonticula're poste'rius or quadra'tum, lambdoid 
bone. 0. foraminulen'turn, ethmoid. 0. fron'tis, 
frontal bone. 0. ge'nse, make os. 0. gladi'oli, sternum. 
0. grandino'sum, cuboid. 0. gut'turis, hyoides os. 
0. hamat'um, os unciforme. Q. hu'meri, humerus. 
0. hyoi'des, hyoides os. 0. hypo'pium, malar bone. 
0. hyseloi'des, hyoides os. 0. il'ei, ileum. 0. in'cse, 
interparietal bone. 0. incisi'vum, intermaxillary 
bone. 0. inconjuga'tum, sphenoid. 0. in'cudi 
792 
OS 
sim'ilis, incus. 0. infe'rius ventric'uli, pylorus. 0. 
innomina'tum, hip-bone. 0. interme'dium, element 
of primitive carpus and tarsus, lying between distal 
extremities of radius and ulna or tibia and fibula; 
becomes in carpus semilunar, in tarsus unites with 
tibiale to form astragalus. 0. inter'num, see Uterus. 
0. interparieta'le, interparietal bone. 0. invercun'- 
dum, frontal bone. 0. is'chii, ischion. 0. japon'- 
icum, superior zygomatic. 0. juga'le, malm os. 0. 
jugamen'tum, malm os. 0. jug'uli, clavicle. 0. lacry- 
ma'le, unguis os. 0. lacryma'le accesso'rium or 
ante'rius, independent bone sometimes found at ex- 
tremity of superior maxilla by persistence of sutura 
imperfecta of Weber. 0. lacryma'le exter'num, small 
bone sometimes found in the lacrymal notch and 
groove of superior maxilla in young subjects; later, 
unites with superior maxilla or palate-bone; also 
called 0. lacrymale laterale. 0. 1. poste'rius, separate 
ossification of orbital plate of ethmoid. 0. lamb'dm, 
occipital bone. 0. lambdoi'des, hyoides os, occipital 
bone. 0. lapid'eum, temporal bone. 0. lapido'sum, 
temporal bone. 0. lat'um, sacrum. O.lat'umhu'meri, 
scapula. 0. lentlcular'e, os orbiculare, os pisiforme. 
0. lepidoi'des, temporal bone. 0. lin'guae, hyoides os. 
0. lingua'le, hyoides os. 0. lithoi'des, temporal bone. 
0. luna'tum, semilunar bone. 0. mag'num, magnum 
os. 0. mag'num, neck of the, collum ossus magni. 
0. mala're, malm os. 0. maxil'lm, superior maxilla. 
0. maxil'lae superio'ris undec'imum, vomer. 0. 
maxil'lo-tempora'le, inferior zygomatic. 0. me- 
men'to mo'ri, temporal bone. 0. memo'rim, occipital 
bone. 0. mendo'sum, temporal bone. 0. mor'sus 
Adam'i, thyroid cartilage. 0. mucronat'um, xiphoid 
cartilage. 0. multan'gulum ma'jus, trapezium os. 0. 
multan'gulum mi'nus, trapezoides os. 0. multifor'- 
me, ethmoid, sphenoid. 0. navicular'e, scaphoid 
bone. 0. nerva'le, temporal bone. 0. nervo'sum, 
occipital bone. 0. occip'iti, occipital bone. 0. odon- 
toi'deum odontoid process of axis, considered as a sepa- 
rate bone. 0. orbicular'e, os pisiforme; also small 
spherical bone, separate in foetal life, but united after 
birth to long process of incus. 0. orbita'le, superior 
zygomatic. 0. palat'i, palate-bone. 0. papilla're, 
sesamoid bone sometimes found at tip of olecranon. 
0. parieta'le infe'rius, temporal bone. 0. paxilla're, 
sphenoid. 0. pec'tinis, pubis os. 0. pec'toris, ster- 
num. 0. pelvicephal'icum, occipital bone 0. pel'- 
vis latera'le, innominatum os. 0. pero'ne, fibula. 
0. petro'sum, temporal bone. 0. pisifor'me, pisi- 
forme os. 0. plan'um, planum os. 0. polygo'num 
ma'jus, trapezium os. 0. polygo'num mi'nus, tra- 
pezoides os. 0. polymor'phon, sphenoid. 0. pos'- 
terum, pharynx. 0. premaxilla're, intermaxillary 
bone. 0. prmrup'tm ru'pi assimulat'um, temporal 
bone. 0. pri'api, penis-bone. 0. procubita'le, 
ulna. 0. pro'rae, frontal bone, occipital bone. 0. 
pterygoi'deum, sphenoid. 0. pu'bis, see Pubis, os. 
0. pubo-ischiad'icum, pubo-ischiatic bone. 0. pu- 
di'cum, malm os. 0. pup'pis, frontal bone, occipital 
bone. 0. pyramida'le car'pi, trapezoides os. 0. 
pyx'idis, occipital bone. 0. quadra'tum, see Palate 
bone. 0. raplogem'mans os'sis petro'si or 0. Rio- 
la'ni, ossiculum Riolani. 0. ratio'nis, frontal bone. 
0. rhomboi'des, trapezium. 0. rotun'dum, pisiform 
os. 0. sac'rum, sacrum. 0. sagittal'm, interparietal 
bone. 0. sax'eum, temporal bone. 0. scutifor'me, 
patella. 0. sedenta'rium, see Ischiatic. 0. semilu- 
na're, lunare os. 0. seni'le, Senile mouth; a peculiar 
appearance of the mouth, resembling that seen in old 
persons, in which the chin projects very much and 
the lips are retracted. 0. se'pim, cuttle-fish bone. 
0. sex'tum cra'nii, occipital bone. 0. sincip'- 
itis, frontal bone. 0. Sdmmerin'gii, processus mar- 
ginalis; malar bone. 0. sphsenobasila're, occipital 
bone. 0. sphecoi'deum, sphenoid. 0. sphenoida'le, 
sphenoid. 0. sphenoi'des, sphenoid. 0. s. ante'- 
rior, presphenoid. 0. s. poste'rior, basisphenoid. 
0. spongio'sum, ethmoid. 0. spongio'sum infe'rius, 
turbinated bone, inferior. 0. spongio'sum me'dium, 
turbinated bone, middle. 0. spongio'sum supe'rius, 
turbinated bone, middle; turbinated bone, superior. OSBECKIA 
0. spongoi'des, ethmoid. 0. squamo'sum, temporal 
bone. 0. subocula're, malae os. 0. subrotun'dum, 
pisiform. 0. Syl'vii, os orbiculare. 0. synclp'itis, 
frontal bone. 0. ta'li, caleaneum. 0. tem'poris, tem- 
poral bone. 0. tes'serse, astragalus; cuboid. 0. tet- 
rago'num, parietal bone. 0. thyreoi/des, patella. 0. 
tib'ise mi'nus, fibula. 0. tin'cae, os uteri. 0. trape'- 
zium mi'nus, trapezoid. 0. trapezoi'des, trapezoid; 
trapezium. 0. triangula're or trique'trum, cuneiform 
bone of wrist. 0. tribasila're, spheno-occipital bone. 
0. trique'trum squa'mse (parietalis), os apicis 
squamje. 0. turbina'tum, turbinated bone, middle. 
0. turbina'tum infe'rius, turbinated bone, inferior. 
0. tympan'icum, tympanic portion of temporal. 0. 
uncina'tum, os unciforme. 0. un'guis, see Unguis 
os. 0. un'guis mi'nor, external lacrymal. 0. upsil- 
oi'des, hyoides os. 0. us'tum, bone-ash. 0. u'teri, 
the mouth of the womb; see Uterus. 0. u'teri ex- 
ter'num, see Uterus. 0. u'teri inter'num, see Uterus. 
O. va'rium, cuboid. 0. ver'ticis, parietal bone. 0. 
vespertilio'nis or vespifor'me, sphenoid. 0. vo'- 
meris, vomer. 0. xiphoi'des, sternum. 0. ypseloi' 
des, hyoides os. 0. zygomat'icum, malse os. 0. zyg- 
omat'icum accesso'rium, superior zygomatic os. 0. 
zygomat'icum infe'rius and supe'rius, two portions 
into which the malar bone is sometimes divided by a 
horizontal suture. 
Osbeckia (os-bek'e-ah) octan'dra. Possessing as- 
tringent properties. 0. Wrightia'na, leaves of this 
shrub are employed in stomatitis and inflammation 
of the intestines. 
Osce'do (os, mouth, do, to move). Yawning. 
Oschsematoede'ma or Oschsemoede'ma (psche, haima, 
blood, oidema, oedema). Effusion of blood into the 
scrotum. 
Os'che. Scrotum. 
Oscheal, os'ke-al. Pertaining to the scrotum. 
Oschei'tis (psche, itis). Orcheitis; oschitis ; inflam- 
mation of the scrotum. 
Oschelephantiasis, osk-el-e-fant-e-as'is (psche, scro- 
tum, elephantiasis). Elephantiasis of the scrotum. 
Oscheocarcinoma, os-ke-o-kar-sin-o'mah. Cancer, 
chimney-sweeper's; epithelioma of scrotum. 
Oscheocele, os-ke-o-se'le (Eng. os'ke-o-seel) (oscheon, 
kele, tumor). Oschocele, Scrotocele, Scrotal hernia. See 
Bubonocele. Dropsy of the scrotum; see Hydrocele. 
0. aquo'sa, collection of water in the scrotum; hy- 
droscheocele. 0. cruen'ta, tumor formed by blood; 
hsematocele. 0. flatulen'ta, emphysematous tumor 
of the scrotum; physocele. 0. hydatido'sa, hydat- 
idocele. 0. cedemat'ica, oscheocele with oedema of 
the scrotum. 0. sanguin'ea, hsematocele. 0. semi- 
na'lis, spermatocele. 0. urina'lis, urocele. 0. vari- 
co'sa, varicocele. 
Oscheochalasis, osk-e-o-kal'as-is (oscheon, chalasis, 
relaxation). Tumor resulting from hypertrophy of 
the areolar tissue of the scrotum and the excessive 
extension of the skin of the part-an affection which 
has been confounded with sarcocele. 
Oscheohy'drocele. Hernial hydrocele. 
Oscheolith, os'ke-o-lith (oscheon, lithos, stone). Cal- 
culus of the scrotum. 
Oscheolithos, os-ke-ol'ith-os (pscheon, lithos, stone). 
Condition in which a stony deposit is present in or 
on the scrotum. 
Os'cheon. Scrotum. 
Oscheoncus, os-ke-onk'us (pscheon, orikos, a tumor). 
Preternatural swelling or tumor of the scrotum. 
Oscheophyma, os-ke-o-fe'ma (pscheon, phuma, swell- 
ing). Preternatural swelling or tumor of the scro- 
tum. 
Oscheoplas'tic (pscheon, plasso, to form). An epithet 
given to the operation for restoring the scrotum when 
lost- Oscheoplasty-or for plastic operations upon the 
scrotum. 
Oscheopyoedema, os-ke-o-pe-e-de'mah (oscheon, pus, 
oedema). Purulent tumefaction of the scrotum. 
Os'cheus or Os'cheos. Scrotum. 
Os'chio-amor'phus (psche, a, priv., morphe, form). 
Term applied to an amorphous tumor of scrotum con- 
taining foetal organs. 
i OSMITOPSIS ASTERISCOIDES 
Os'chion. Eaised margin of the os uteri; excres- 
cence from the os uteri. 
Oschitis, os-ke'tis (psche, itis). Inflammation of the 
scrotum. 
Oschocarcinoma, os-ko-kar-sin-o'mah. Chimney- 
sweeper's cancer. 
Oschocele, os-ko-se'le (Eng. os'ko-seel). Oscheo- 
cele ; scrotocele. 
Oschon'cus. Preternatural swelling or tumor of 
the scrotum. 
Oschophy'ma (psclie, phuma, swelling). Oschoncus, 
Oschopycede'ma. Oscheopyoedema. 
Oschuroedema, os-ku-re-de'mah (osc/te, ouron, 
urine, oidema, oedema). GEdema from effusion of 
urine into the scrotum. 
Os'chus. Scrotum. 
Oschydroedema, osk-hid-re-de'mah (osclte, hudor, 
water, oidema, oedema). Watery oedema of the 
scrotum. 
Oscillatio, os-sil-lah'she-o. Irritability; oscillation. 
Oscillation, os-sil-la'shun (pscillo, to swing). Vibra- 
tion. Also a partial rotatory movement of the eyeball 
to and from its antero-posterior axis. 
Os'citancy (oscito, to yawn). Tendency to yawn. 
Os'citant fe'ver (oscito, to yawn). A fever in 
which the patient is continually yawning. 
Oscitation, os-sit-a'shun. Yawning. 
Oscula're (psculum, little mouth ; kiss). Kiss. 
Os'culate. Having little mouths or suckers, as 
trenia osculata. 
Oscula'tion. Kissing; anastomosis of vessels. 
Osculatorius, os-ku-lat-o're-us (psculum, little 
mouth). Orbicularis oris. 
Os'culum deli'bans (psculum, little mouth). See 
Kiss. 0. u'teri, os uteri. 
Os'cus. Scrotum. 
Ose. Latin suffix signifying full of. 
Osier. Salix alba. 0., red, Cornus sericea. 
O'sis. Greek suffix signifying condition in gen- 
eral, and in pathological terms the morbid condi- 
tion. 
Osman'thus fra'grans. Ord. Oleacese, native of 
China and Japan ; used by Chinese to flavor tea. 
Osmate, oz'mate. Salt of osmic acid. 
Osmatics (osme, smell). Animals in whom the sense 
of smell is strongly developed (Broca). 
Os'mazome (osme, zomos, soup). Osmozome; Extrac- 
tive or Saponaceous extract of meat. Extractive matter 
in muscular flesh and in the blood of animals,. A 
mixture of different crystallizable and uncrystalliz- 
able principles with empyreumatic products. It has 
an agreeable smell and taste, and is found in bouillons 
of meat in the proportion of one part to seven of 
gelatin. Vauquelin discovered it in some fungi. It 
gives the flavor of meat to soups. 
Osmazome has been prescribed in the dose of 3ss 
to 3j, in broth or in powder, with aromatics, as a 
stimulant to the digestive actions and a restorer of 
appetite in convalescence. An Osmazome chocolate is 
used as an analeptic article of diet. It consists of 
chocolate, lb. j, to osmazome, gj. 
Os'me. Odor. 
Osme'sis. Olfaction. 
Osmiate, oz'me-ate. Osmate. 
Os'mic acid. OsOi. Osmium tetroxide, perosmic or 
hyperosmic acid ; crystalline, volatile substance, sub- 
liming at ordinary temperatures, slowly soluble in 
about 50 parts of water; obtained by heating metal- 
lic osmium in a current of oxygen. The vapor is ex- 
ceedingly pungent and poisonous. Used for hardening 
tissues for microscopical investigation; has been in- 
jected subcutaneously for neuralgia, sciatica, and 
sarcomatous tumors. 
Osmidro'sis (osme, hidros, sweat). Perspiration of 
an unusual odor. 
Osmitop'sis asteriscoi'des (osme, odor). A plant 
of the Cape of Good Hope which, from its smell and 
taste, seems to contain camphor, hence its antispas- 
modic virtues. In infusion said to be beneficially 
employed in cough, hoarseness, and diseases of the 
chest generally, and to be serviceable in flatulent 
793 OSMIUM 
colic. Infused in spiritus bellidis, it has been used 
successfully as an external remedy in paralysis. 
Os'mium. Rare metal, sp. gr. 21.4, infusible; occurs 
associated with platinum. 0. tetroxide, osmic acid. 
Osmodysphoria, os-mo-dis-fo're-ah (osme, odor, 
dusphoreo, to bear ill). Condition of being intolerant 
of certain odors. 
0sinology, os-mol'o-je (osme, odor, logos, treatise). 
Treatise on olfaction and odors. 
Osmom'eter (osmose, metron, measure). Instrument, 
consisting of a long glass tube over which a mem- 
brane is firmly tied, to measure the extent of osmosis 
in different fluids. Also apparatus to measure acute- 
ness of sense of smell (osme, odor). 
Osmomet'ricus sen'sus (osme, metron, measure). 
Olfaction; power of appreciating different odors. 
Osmonosi, os-mon'o-se (osme, nosos, disease). Dis- 
eases of olfaction. 
Osmonosology, os-mo-no-zol'o-je (osme, nosos, dis- 
ease, logos, description). Doctrine of, or a treatise on, 
the diseases of the sense of smell. 
Osmorrhi/za longis'tylis (osme, rhiza, root). Sweet 
Cicely. An indigenous plant, ord. Umbelliferse, wfliich 
flowers in May and June. An agreeable aromatic, 
carminative, and expectorant, having much of the 
flavor of anise. 
Os'mose or Osmo'sis (osmos, impulse). Force by 
which fluids are impelled through moist membrane 
and other porous septa in endosmotic and exosmotic 
actions. Passage of crystalloids in solution through 
organic membranes, whereby they may be separated 
from colloid bodies. 
Osmot'ic. Relating or belonging to osmosis, as 
osmotic force, the force which induces osmose. 
Os'mozome. Osmazome. 
Os'mund roy'al. Osmunda regalis. 
Osmun'da cinnamo'mea (Osmunder, one of the 
names of Thor, a Scandinavian deity). Cinnamon 
fern. Indigenous; ord. Filices. Is reported to be 
demulcent, subastringent, and tonic. Boiled in milk, 
it yields a fine mucilage, which is used in diarrhoea. 
0. luna'ria, Ophioglossum lunaria. 0. rega'lis, 
Flowering fern, Osmund royal. Once thought to pos- 
sess astringent and emmenagogue virtues. 0. spec- 
tab'flis, O. regalis. 
Osoror. Opium. 
Osphrante'rius. Olfactory. 
Osphranticos, os-fran'ti-kos (osphrainomai, to scent). 
Olfactory. 
Osphrasia, os-frah'ze-ah. Olfaction. 
Osphresiology, os-frez-e-ol'o-je (osphresis, logos, a 
discourse). Treatise on olfaction and odors. 
Osphre'sis. Olfaction. 
Ophresom'eter (osphresis, olfaction, metron, meas- 
ure). Instrument to determine the acuteness of the 
sense of smell. 
Osphret'icus. Olfactory. 
Osphris'tice (osphresis, olfaction). The doctrine of 
the phenomena of odors. 
Osphristics, os-fris'tiks. Osphristice. 
Osphyalgema, os-fe-al-ga'mah (osphus, hip or loins, 
algema, pain). Coxalgia. 
Osphyal'gia (osphys, algos, pain). Coxalgia. Pain 
in the loins. 
Osphyarthritis, os-fe-ar-thre'tis (osphys, arthritis). 
Inflammation of the parts about the hip. 
Osphyarthrocace, os-fe-ar-throk'as-e (osphys, ar- 
throcace, disease of a joint). Hip-joint disease; cox- 
arum morbus. 
Osphyitis, os-fe-e'tis (osphys, itis). Inflammation of 
the parts about the hip. 
Osphyomyelitis, os-fe-o-me-el-e'tis (osphus, haunch, 
muelos, marrow). Lumbar myelitis. 
Osphyorrheu'ma (osphys, rheuma, rheumatism). 
Lumbago. 
Os'phys. Haunch; loins. 
Osphy'tis. Osphyitis. 
Os'sa (pl. of Os, bone) anon'yma. Innominate 
bones. 0. breg'matis, parietal bones. 0. carpa'lia, 
bones of wrist. 0. convolu'ta inferio'ra, turbinated 
bones, inferior. 0. costa'lia, ribs. 0. digito'rum 
794 
OSSIFICATION 
ma'nus, phalanges of the fingers. 0. digito'rum 
pe'dis, phalanges of the toes. 0. epacta'lia, Wor- 
miana ossa. 0. episterna'lia, suprasternal bones. 0. 
innomina'ta, irregular bones forming sides and ante- 
rior wall of pelvis. 0. internasa'lia or prenasa'lia, 
independent bones sometimes found at anterior supe- 
rior angle of perpendicular plates of ethmoid. 0. 
la'ta, broad or flat bones, in distinction from 0. lon'ga, 
long bones. 0. nasa'lia, nasal bones. 0. na'si, nasal 
bones. 0. nerva'lia, parietal bones. 0. pisifor'xnia 
lingua'lia, see Hyoides os. 0. raphogeminan'tia, 
Wormiana ossa. 0. sesamoi'dea, sesamoid bones. 0. 
sincip'itis, parietal bones. 0. sphenoi'dea tar'si, 
cuneiform bones of tarsus. 0. spongio'sa, turbinated 
bones. 0. sutura'rum, Wormiana ossa. 0. ter'tia 
maxil'lae superio'ris, turbinated bones. 0. tetra- 
go'na, parietal bones. 0. triangula'ria, sphenoidal 
cornua. 0. triangula'ria Bla'sii, Wormiana ossa. 
0. trique'tra, Wormiana ossa. 0. tritic'ea, see 
Hyoides os. 0. turbina'ta, turbinated bones. 0. 
vertica'lia, parietal bones. 
Osseine, os'se-een (os, bone). Ostein. Albuminoid 
of bone connective tissue. 
Os'seous (os, bone). Ostoid. Bony; resembling bone. 
0. lab'yrinth, series of cavities within petrous portion 
of temporal bone, containing parts to which auditory 
nerve is distributed. It comprises vestibule, semicir- 
cular canals, and cochlea. 0. tu'mors, see Osteoma. 
Os'sicles. Ossicula. See Ossiculum. 0. of ear, 
ossicula auditus. 0. of tym'panum, ossicula auditus. 
Ossic'ula (pl. of Ossic'ulum) audi'ttis. Small 
bones or ossicles situate in the cavity of the tym- 
panum, and forming an uninterrupted chain from the 
membrane of the tympanum to that of the fenestra 
ovalis; four in number-from without to within: 
malleus, incus, os orbiculare, stapes. 0. Berti'ni, 
sphenoidal cornua. 0. epacta'lia, Wormian bones. 
0. episterna'lia, episternal bones. 0. innomina'ta, 
innominata minora ossa. 0. inter cala'ria, or rapho- 
geminan'tia, or sutura'rum, or trique'tra, or Wor- 
mia'na, Wormian bones. 0. n'asi, nasal bones. 0. sesa- 
moi'dea, sesamoid bones. 0. tritic'ea, see Hyoides os. 
Ossic'ulum. A small bone. 0. cochlea're, orbic- 
ular bone. 0. foram'inis lac'eri posterio'ris, O. 
jugulare. 0 in'cudi compar'atum, incus. 0. jugu- 
ia're, small bone, rarely found in jugular foramen ; 
probably result of separate ossification of intrajugular 
process. 0. lenticula're, os orbiculare. 0. malle'olo- 
assimila'tum, malleus. 0. mola'ri den'ti compara'- 
tum, incus. 0. orbicula're, orbicular bone. 0. 
quar'tum, orbicular bone. 0. Riola'ni, small bone 
occasionally found lying free in Glaserian fissure; 
also called 0. sesamoideum Cortesii. 0. squamo'sum, 
orbicular bone. 0. subrotun'dum, orbicular bone. 
0. Syl'vii, orbicular bone. 0. tegmen'ti tym'pani 
cuneifor'me, small bone occasionally found on ante- 
rior surface of petrous portion of temporal bone, being 
a separate ossification of cuneiform portion of the 
tegmen tympani. 0. termina'le, separate ossification 
of tip of odontoid process of axis, considered as an 
epiphysis of body of first cervical vertebra. 
Ossif'erous (os, bone, phero, to bear). Bearing or 
producing bone-tissue. 
Ossif'ic. Bone-forming. 
Ossificatio, os-sif-ik-ah'she-o. Ossification. 0. tes- 
tic'uli, induration of the testicle with osseous matter. 
Ossifica'tion (os, bone, facio, to make). Formation 
of bone; development or increase of the osseous sys- 
tem. Ossification takes place in the same manner as 
the nutrition of other parts. Bones are at first 
mucous, and afterward cartilaginous; the cartilage at 
length receives the phosphate of lime, and is at the 
same time replaced by a gelatinous parenchyma, 
when the bone has acquired the whole of its devel- 
opment. 0., points of, points where the ossification 
of a bone commences, whence it extends to other 
parts. Almost all the bones present a greater or less 
number of points of ossification. Besides the natural 
ossification which we observe in the foetus and in the 
first periods of life, there are also accidental ossifica- 
tions, such as those frequently remarked after the in- OSSIFIED 
flammation of serous membranes in the parietes of 
the arteries, and to which the terms Osthexia, Incrus- 
tation, and Petrifaction have sometimes been applied. 
Ossified, os'si-fied (os, facio, to make). Changed 
into bone. 
Ossif'raga (os, bone, frango, to break). Osteocolla. 
Ossifying, os'se-fi-ing. Ossific. 
Os'sis sac'ri acu'men. Point of the sacrum bone ; 
coccyx. 
Ossisa'na (os, bone, sano, to heal). Osteocolla. 
Ossiv'orous (os, bone, voro, to devour). Species 
of tumor destructive of bone. 
Ostsemia, os-te'me-ah {osteon, bone, haima, blood). 
Morbid fulness of blood in a bone. 
Ostagra, os-tag'rah {osteon, agra, seizure). Forceps 
to cut or remove portions of bone. 
Ostalgia, os-tal'je-ah {osteon, algos, pain). Pain in 
a bone. See Osteocopus. 
Ostalgitis, os-tal-je'tis {osteon, bone, algos, pain). 
Painful inflammation of bone. 
Osta'rium {ostarion, bone). Ossiculum. 
Ostarthri'tis. Arthrophlogosis. 
Ostarthroca'ce. Spina ventosa. 
Osteaemia, ost-e-a'me-ah. Ostaemia. 
Os'teagra. Ostagra. 
Osteal'gia. Pain in the bones. See Osteocopus. 
Ostealloeosis, os-te-al-le'o-sis {osteon, bone, alloiosis, 
alteration). Metamorphosis of substance of bone, as 
in the progress of osteosarcoma. 
Osteanagenesis, ost-e-an-ah-jen'es-is {osteon, genesis, 
production). New growth of bone. 
Osteanaphysis, ost-e-an-af'is-is {osteon, phusis, 
growth). Growth or regeneration of osseous tissue. 
Ostearthrocace, os-te-ar-throk'as-e {osteon, arthron, 
joint, kakos, bad). Cancer or caries of bones of a 
joint. 
Osteauxe, ost-e-awks'e {osteon, auxe, growth). Path- 
ological enlarged condition of a bone. 
Osteche (ost-ek'e) or Ostechema, ost-ek-a'mah 
{osteon, eche, sound). Sound which is elicited when 
the frontal bone is percussed. 
Ostectopy, ost-ek'to-pe. Bony displacement. 
Oste-ectomy, ost-e-ek'to-me {osteon, ektome, ex- 
cision). Operation of osteotomy in which part of a 
bone is removed. 
Ostein, os'te-in {osteon, bone). Osteine, Osseine. 
Animal matter of bone. 
Ostei'tes {osteon, bone). Osteocolla. 
Osteitis, os-te-e'tis {osteon, itis). Ostitis. Inflamma- 
tion of bone, characterized by violent shooting and 
lancinating pains in a bone. Osteitis interna or Caries 
centralis is a form of the disease occurring deep in 
the bone. When accompanied with deposit of bony 
matter in the medullary cavity, it is generally de- 
scribed as Sclerosis ossium, Condensing or Ossifying 
osteitis, or Diffuse hypertrophy of bone, 0. deformans. 
In osteitis fungosa interstitial granulations cause the 
bone to be entirely absorbed. Those forms of osteitis 
which are attended with softening of the bone-sub- 
stance have been called rarefying osteitis. 0., artic'- 
ular, see Rheumatism. 0. defor'mans, O. in which 
the bones become twisted and deformed. 0. fungo'- 
sa, see Osteitis. 0. inter'na, see Osteitis. 0. inter'- 
na osteoplas'tica, see Osteitis. 0. os'sificans, see 
Osteitis. 0., rar'efying, see Osteitis. 
Ostem'bryon {osteon, embruon, embryo). See Lith- 
opsedion. 
Ostempyesis (ost-em-pe-a'sis), Oste-empye'sis, or 
Ostempyo'sis {osteon, empuesis, effusion of pus). Ab- 
scess in the interior of a bone. 
Osteo-anabro'sis. See Osteonabrosis. 
Osteo-aneurism, os-te-o-an'u-rism. Expansion of 
a bone from aneurysmal dilatation of its vessels; may 
be sarcomatous or erectile. 
Osteo-arthritis (os'te-o-ar-thre'tis), chron'ic. Af- 
fection of joints resulting in destruction of cartilage, 
roughening of articulating surfaces, thickening of 
ligaments, and deformity. See Rheumatism. O.-a. 
lon'ga, see Rheumatism. 
Osteo-arthrotomy, os-te-o-arth-rot'o-me {osteon, ar- 
thron, joint, tome, incision). Osteotomy in which the 
795 
OSTEODIASTASIS 
section of bone is performed entirely or partially in- 
side a joint. 
Os'teoblast {osteon, blastano, to bud). Applied to 
the young cells, Osteal cells, in the development of 
bone which aid in the formation of the osseous tis- 
sue, whether in cartilage, membrane, or periosteum. 
Osteoblastic, os-te-o-blas'tik. Relating to osteo- 
blasts. 
Osteocachexia, os-te-o-kak-eks'e-ah {osteon, cachex- 
ia). Cachectic state of the bones. 
Osteocampsia, os-te-o-kamp'se-ah {osteon, kampto, 
to bend). Curvature of bones caused by osteomalacia. 
Osteocan'cer. Osteocephaloma. 
Osteocarcino'ma. Carcinoma which has under- 
gone ossification; carcinoma of bone. 
Osteocartilaginous tu'mor. Osteochondroma. 
Osteocele, os-te-o-se'le (Eng. os'te-o-seel) {osteon, 
kele, rupture). Hernia in which the sac is cartilagi- 
nous and bony-a rare case ; also osseous induration 
of one or both testicles. 
Osteocephaloma, os-te-o-sef-al-o'ma {osteon, kephal- 
oma, encephaloid). Osteocancer, Malignant ostoid. Ma- 
lignant disease of bone, including two varieties, one 
arising from the medullary canal, the other attached 
to the compact substance; chiefly encephaloid; usually 
attacks the head of the tibia and the lower extremity 
of the thigh-bone. 
Osteochondritis, os-te-o-kon-dre'tis {osteon, bone, 
chondros, cartilage, itis). Chondritis involving adja- 
cent bone. 
Osteochondro'ma {osteon, chondros, cartilage, oma). 
Osteocartilaginous tumor. A variety of enchondroma 
resembling bone rather than cartilage, being made 
up of an osteoid tissue, composed of trabeculse and 
medullary spaces, with a small proportion of carti- 
lage ; commonly attacks the ends of the long bones. 
Osteochondrophyte, os-te-o-kon'dro-fite {osteon, 
chondros, cartilage, phuo, to grow). Chondroma. 
Osteoclasis, os-te-o-klah'sis {osteon, klasis, a frac- 
ture). Fracture of bone for the .purpose of correct- 
ing deformity. 
Os'teoclast. Myeloplaxes; giant cell of bone-mar- 
row ; large multinucleate granular body, supposed to 
effect resorption of growing bone. Also apparatus for 
performance of osteoclasis. 
Osteocol'la {osteon, holla, glue). Glue-bone, Stone or 
Bone binder. Name given to petrified carbonate of 
lime, found in some parts of Germany and other por- 
tions of the globe; so called because it has been sup- 
posed to possess the power of favoring the formation 
of callus in fractures. 
Osteocopic, os-te-o-kop'ik. Pertaining to osteo- 
copus. 
Osteocopus, os-te-ok'o-pus {osteon, kopos, fatigue). 
Osteocope, Bone-ache, Bone-ague. Pain in the bones, 
as in syphilis. Such pains are said to be Osteocopic 
(bone-tiring). 
Osteocystis, os-te-o-sis'tis {osteon, kustis, bladder). 
Osteocystoid. 
Osteocys'toid {osteon, kustis, sac or cyst, eidos, ap- 
pearance). Morbid growth in bone, consisting of the 
formation of cysts filled with puriform or other 
fluid. 
Osteocystoma, os-te-o-sist-o'mah. Cystic tumor of 
bone containing cysts filled with puriform or other 
fluid. 
Osteocystosarcoma, os-te-o-sist-o-sark-o'mah. Cys- 
tosarcoma commencing on a bone. 
Osteoden'tine. Hard substance sometimes found 
in pulp-cavity of tooth, resembling bone in structure, 
but having branched tubules like dentine. See Tooth. 
Osteodermatoplastic, os-te-o-durm-at-o-plas'tik {os- 
teon, derma, skin, plasso, to form). Term applied to 
partial amputation of foot in which bone and skin 
are utilized. 
Osteodermia, os-te-o-dur'me-ah {osteon, derma, skin). 
Osseous formation in the outer integument, normal 
in some animals. 
Osteo'des {osteon). Osseous. 
Osteodias'tasis {osteon, diastasis, standing apart). 
Separation of bones, as of epiphyses of long bone. OSTEODICLIS 
Osteodiclis, os-te-od'ik-lis. Ossification occurring 
in valves of veins. 
Osteodyn'ia. Pain in the bones; ostalgia. See 
OsZeocopzts. 
Osteo-epiphysis, os'te-o-ep-if'is-is {osteon, epiph- 
ysis'). Bony epiphysis. O.-e., ante'rior, epiphysis 
which forms point of acromion. O.-e. me'dia, epiph- 
ysis supporting acromial surface, which connects 
with the clavicle by an articulation, and later on forms 
a union with the scapula. O.-e., posterior, epiphysis 
situated between spine of scapula and acromion, and 
later on forming a union with the spine. 
Osteofibrolipoma, os-te-o-fib-ro-lip-o'mah {osteon, 
fibrin, lipos, fat). Tumor consisting of bony, fibrous, 
and fatty elements. 
Osteogangrse'na. Necrosis. 
Os'teogen {osteon, gennao, to beget). Soft trans- 
parent substance in the formation of bone, which 
afterward becomes ossified, Osteogenic substance or tis- 
sue. See Ossification. 
Osteogenesis, os-te-o-jen'es-is {osteon, genesis, forma- 
tion). Original formation of bone. 
Osteogenet'ic or Osteogen'ic {osteon, formation). 
Pertaining to osteogeny; producing bone. 
Osteogen'ia (same etymon). Ossification. 
Osteogen'ic sub'stance or tis'sue. Osteogen. 
Osteogeny, os-te-oj'en-e {osteon, gennao, to produce). 
Bone genesis or growth. 
Osteog'raphy {osteon, grapho, to describe). De- 
scription of the bones; the part of anatomy which 
describes the bones. 
Osteohalisteresis, os-te-o-hal-is-ter-a'sis {osteon, hals, 
salt, stereo, to deprive). Deprivation of mineral con- 
stituents of osseous tissue, with consequent curvature. 
Osteohelcosis, os-te-o-hel-ko'sis {osteon, helcos, an 
ulcer). Caries. 
Os'teoid {osteon, eidos, appearance). Resembling 
bone, as the osteoid cartilage, as callus has been called. 
An accidental bony production, or more frequently a 
morbid production, which is a calcareous incrustation 
of the normal tissue or of fibrous tumors. 0. can'cer, 
ossified fibrous or medullary cancer, most frequent 
about the femur. 
Osteolithos, os-te-ol'ith-os {osteon, lithos, stone). 
Osteocolla. 
Osteol'ogy {osteon, logos, discourse). Part of anat- 
omy treating of bones. 
Osteolysis, os-te-ol'is-is {osteon, luo, to dissolve). 
Necrosis or death of bone, as in hospital gangrene, 
in which the dead parts are of soft consistence. Dis- 
solution and absorption of bone. 
Osteo'ma {osteon, bone). Tumor consisting of os- 
seous tissue, Osseous tumors. They are formed of 
newly-developed connective tissue. Several forms 
have been described, the eburnated, compact, and can- 
cellous, according to the nature of the structure com- 
posing them. Osteomata include exostoses and osteo- 
phytes, the former being outgrowths from pre-existing 
bone, the latter growing from the cartilage or the 
connective tissue. See Exostoses and Osteophyton. 
Osteomalacia, os-te-o-mal-ah'se-ah {osteon, malalcia, 
softness). Mollifies ossium; the softening being de- 
pendent on loss of earthy matter. 0. apsathyros, 
osteomalacia characterized by exceedingly flexible 
condition of bones, resembling wax. 0. carcino- 
mato'sa, in this form of osteomalacia the osseous 
marrow is infiltrated with cancer, and softening 
takes place. 0. infan'tum, rachitis. 
Osteomalacic (os-te-o-mal-as'ik) pel'vis. Distor- 
tion causing lessening of transverse and oblique di- 
ameters, with great increase of antero-posterior diam- 
eter. See Pelvis. 
Osteomalaco'sis. Mollifies ossium. 
Osteo'mata cu/tis. Osseous tumors of the skin. 
Osteomeiosis, os-te-o-mi-o'sis. Condition in which 
osseous tissue becomes affected. 
Osteometabole, os-te-o-met-ab'o-le {osteon, metabole, 
change). See Osteallceosis. 
Osteomyeli'tis {osteomyelon, marrow, itis). Medul- 
litis or inflammation of the marow of bone, usually 
traumatic. 0. gummo'sa, syphilitic o. with forma- 
796 
OSTEOPLEURA 
tion of gummata. 0. infectio'sa, suppurative infec- 
tious o. 0. malleo'sa, O. due to presence of bacillus 
malleus. 
Osteomy'elon or Ostomy'elum (osteon, muelos, mar- 
row). Marrow. 
Os'teon. Bone. 0. hi'eron, sacrum. 
Osteonabro'sis or Osteoanabro'sis {osteon, a, priv., 
brosis, nutriment). Atrophy of the osseous texture 
marked by diminution of volume. 
Osteonagenesis, os-te-on-ah-jen'es-is. Regenera- 
tion of bone. 
Osteoncosis, os-te-onk-o'sis {osteon, onkos, tumor). 
See Exostosis. 
Osteon'cus {osteon, onkos, tumor). Bony tumor. 
Exostosis. 
Osteonecrosis, os-te-o-nek-ro'sis {osteon, nekros, 
dead). Necrosis; death of a mass of bone. 
Osteoneuralgia, os-te-o-nu-ral'ge-ah. Neuralgia or 
severe pain of the bones. 
Osteon'osi or Osteonu'si {osteon, nosos or nousos, 
disease). Diseases of the bones. 
Osteopsedion, os-te-o-pe'de-on {osteon, paidion, small 
child). Lithopaedion. 
Osteopalinclasis, os-te-o-pal-in-kla'sis {osteon, palin, 
again, klasis, fracture). Breaking again of a bone 
which has united unfavorably; Refracture. 
Osteoparectasis (os-te-o-par-ek'tas-is) or Osteopar- 
ect'ama {osteon, parektasis, lengthening). Abnormal 
lengthening of bone. 
Osteop'athy {osteon, pathos, disease). Bone disease. 
Osteoperiosteal, os-te-o-per-e-os'te-al {osteon, perios- 
teum). Involving osseous tissue and periosteum. 
Osteoperiostitis, os-te-o-per-e-os-te'tis {peri, around, 
osteon). Periostitis involving bone. 
Osteophazges {osteon, phago, to eat). Myeloplaxes. 
Osteophlebi'tis {osteon, phleps, vein, itis). Inflam- 
mation of the veins of bone. 
Osteophone, os'te-o-fone {osteon, phone, voice). Au- 
diphone. 
Osteophony, os-te-of'o-ne {osteon, phone, voice). 
Hearing through the dermatophone sounds supposed 
to be produced by vibration of long bones when 
percussed. 
Osteophor, os'te-o-for. Forceps used to crush and 
separate bone. 
Osteophthisis, os-te-o-te'sis {osteon, bone, phthisis, 
wasting). Wasting of the bones. 
Osteophthonge, os-te-o-thon'ge {osteon, phthonge, 
voice). Ostechema. 
Osteophthoria, os-te-o-tho're-ah {osteon, phthora, 
corruption). Bone caries. 
Osteophyma, os-te-o-fe'mah {osteon, phuma, swell- 
ing). Bony tumor or swelling; sometimes used in 
the sense of exostosis. Also a bony production 
originating in the deep-seated layers of the perios- 
teum in the vicinity of a carious bone, and which 
seems to be intended to obviate the weakness result- 
ing from the destruction of the bone. 
Os'teophyte (osteon, phuo, to grow). Exostosis; 
osteophyton; circumscribed hyperostosis. Tumor of 
bone. 
Osteophyton (os-te-of'it-on). Deposition of bony 
matter on the inner surface of the parietes of the 
skulls of pregnant women. See Osteoma. 
Os'teoplaque. Bony plate formed in muscle or 
other abnormal situation; flat osteoma. 
Osteoplas'tic. See Osteoplasty. 
Os'teoplasts (osteon, plasso, to form). Cells con- 
cerned in the formation and growth of bone. Those 
which form cartilaginous structures are called Chon- 
droplasts. 
Os'teoplasty (osteon, plasso, to form). An operation 
by which the total or partial loss of a bone is reme- 
died by transplantation of bone covered with perios- 
teum. Also restoration to original site of bone tem- 
porarily removed, with or without complete severance 
of periosteum. The filling of a cavity of a tooth with 
some appropriate substance; hence termed Osteo- 
plastic. 
Osteopleura, os-te-o-plu'rah (osteon, pleuron, rib). 
Ossification of the cartilages of the ribs. OSTEOPOROMA 
Osteoporoma, os-te-o-por-o'mah (osteon, poros, pas- 
sage). Condition due to osteoporosis. 
Osteoporosis, os-te-o-por-o'sis (osteon, porosis, indu- 
ration). Interstitial absorption, producing spongy con- 
dition or rarefaction in bones. 0., fat'ty, in which 
there is abundance of adipose cells in medullary 
spaces and Haversian canals. 
Osteopsathyro'sis (osteon, psathuros, friable). Fra- 
gilitas ossium. 0., arthrit'ic, chronic rheumatic 
arthritis. 
Osteopyr, os-te-o'pir (osteon, pur, fever). Gangrene 
of bone. 
Osteorrhagia, os-te-or-rhaj'e-ah. Hemorrhage from 
bones. 
Osteorrhaphy, os-te-or'rha-fe (osteon, rhaphe, suture). 
Operation of suturing bone, as for fractured patella. 
Osteosarcoma, os-te-o-sar-ko'mah (osteon, sarcoma). 
Disease of the bony tissue, consisting in softening of 
its laminse and their transformation into a fleshy sub- 
stance analogous to that of cancer, accompanied with 
general symptoms of cancerous affection. Often also 
used synonymously with spina ventosa. 0., benign', 
chondroma. 
Osteosarcosis, os-te-o-sar-ko'sis (osteon, sarx, flesh, 
osis). Osteosarcoma. Ossification of sarcoma. 
Osteoscenographia, os-te-o-sce-no-graf'e-ah (osteon, 
skenographia, scene-painting). Representation of bones 
or skeleton. 
Osteoscirrhus, os-te-o-skir'rhus (osteon, scirrhus, 
hard tumor). Loosely applied to scirrhus of bone. 
Osteosclerosis, os-te-o-skler-o'sis (osteon, skleros, 
hard). Induration of bone. Osteoporosis. 
Osteo'sis (osteon). Ossification. 
Osteospongioma (os-te-o-spon-je-o'mah), Osteo- 
spongio'sis (osteon, spongus, sponge or fungus). Fun- 
gous condition of bone. See Spina ventosa. 
Osteosteato'ma (osteon, stear, suet or fat). Name 
given to bony tumors or degenerations which some- 
times belong to sarcoma; at others, to spina ventosa, 
exostosis, etc. 
Osteoteleangiectasis, os-te-o-tel-e-an-je-ek'tas-is 
(osteon, telos, end, angeion, vessel, ektasis, stretching). 
Teleangiectasis of osseous capillaries. Also an osteo- 
sarcoma in which numerous blood-vessels of large 
size are present. 
Osteotenor'rhaphy (osteon, tendon, rhaphe, suture). 
Operation for healing a ruptured tendon by suture 
introduced through a bone. 
Osteotome, os'te-o-tome (same etymon as Osteot- 
omy). A bone-saw which has the form of a chain. 
Also any bone-saw. 
Osteotom'icum. Osteotome. 
Osteot'omist. Instrument for cutting the bones 
of the fcetal cranium where it becomes necessary to 
greatly reduce the size of the head in parturition. 
Osteotom'ium or Osteot'omus. Osteotome. 
Osteotomy, os-te-ot'o-me (osteon, tome, incision). 
Part of practical anatomy whose object is the dissec- 
tion of bones. Also surgical term for operations of 
section of bones, in particular cutting of bone for the 
purpose of improving deformed conditions. 
Osteot'ophus. Tophus. 
Osteotrite, os'te-o-trite (osteon, tribo, to rub, or L. 
tero, to rub). An instrument for removing carious 
bone, consisting of a shank having a conical head 
with spiral cutting edges. 
Osteotylus, os-te-ot'il-us (osteon, tulos, callus). Cal- 
lus. 
Osteul'cum (osteon, helko, to draw). Bone-nippers. 
Osteule, ost-u'le (osteon, hule, substance). Osseous 
cicatrix. 
Os'teum. Bone. 
Osthelcus, os-thel'kus (osteon, helkos, ulcer). Caries. 
Osthex'ia (osteon, hexis, habit). See Ossification. 
Osthistos, os-this'tos (osteon, histos, tissue). Bony 
tissue. 
Ostia'rius (ostium, door). Doorkeeper. Pylorus. 
Ostl'ola (pl. of Ostiolum) cor'dis. Valves of the 
heart. 
Ostl'olum (dim. of Ostium). Small door or gate. 
See Ostiola. 
797 
OTALGIA 
Osti'tis. Osteitis. 
Os'tium (os, mouth). Orifice; a door or gate-of 
the heart, for example; the opening-Ostium atrio- 
ventriculare or ventriculi venosum-between the au- 
ricle and ventricle of each side. Ostium ventriculi 
arteriosum is the opening at the origin of the pulmo- 
nary artery and aorta. 0. abdomina'le, see Tube, 
Fallopian. 0. arterio'sum, see Ostium. 0. arterio'- 
sum aort'icum, aortic opening of heart. 0. arterio'- 
sum pulmona'le, opening of pulmonary artery; right 
ventricle. 0. atrioventricula're, see Ostium. 0. cuta'- 
neum, see Urethra. 0. duodena'le ventric'uli, pylo- 
rus. 0. fronta'le, opening from middle meatus of 
nose into infundibulum. 0. inter'num, minute orifice 
at beginning of oviduct; see 0. uteri. 0. maxilla're, 
opening from middle meatus of nose into antrum of 
Highmore. 0. maxilla're accesso'rium, second 
opening into antrum found in about 10 per cent, of 
subjects. 0. oa'ricum, see Tube, Fallopian. 0. 
cesophage'um, cardia. 0. pharynge'um, pharyngeal 
orifice of Eustachian tube. 0. pharynge'um laryn'- 
gis, see Larynx. 0. si'nus, ampullae of inner ear, 
opening toward utricle. 0. tu'buli, ampullae of inner 
ear, opening toward semicircular canal. 0. tympan'- 
icum, tympanic orifice of Eustachian tube. 0. u'rachi, 
small opening often found at vertex of bladder lead- 
ing into urachus. 0. ureter'icum, opening of ureter 
into bladder. 0. urethra'le, opening of urethra into 
bladder. 0. u'teri, vulva ; vagina. The term Ostium 
internum has been applied to the inferior open- 
ing of the uterus, which establishes a free communi- 
cation between the cavities of the body and neck, 
and which is often obliterated in old women. Neck, 
of the uterus; mouth of the uterus; see Uterus. 0. 
uteri'num, see Tube, Fallopian. 0. vagi'nse, see Vagina. 
0. vagina'le ure'thrse, see Urethra. 0. veno'sum, 
see Ostium. 0. veno'sum cor'dis, left auriculo-ven- 
tricular opening. 0. ventric'uli dex'trum or duo- 
dena'le or infe'rius or pylor'icum, pylorus. 0. ves- 
ica'le, see Urethra. 
Ostocopus, os-tok'op-us. Osteocopus. 
Osto'des (osteon, odes). Osseous. 
Os'toid (osteon, eidos, resemblance). Osseous. 0., 
malig'nant, osteocephaloma. 
Ostoi'dea substan'tia. See Tooth. 
Osto'ma (osteon, ma). Exostosis. 
Osto'sis (osteon, osis). Ossification. 
Ostraco'sis (ostrakon, shell). Desiccation and con- 
version of parts of bone, especially of the cranium, 
into a substance like oyster-shell. 
Os'trea. Class Acephala. Oyster. A wholesome 
article of diet, often advised as an analeptic, and 
easy of digestion. 0. edu'lis, edible oyster of Europe. 
0. Virginia'na, common oyster of Atlantic coast of 
U. S. Oyster-shells, Testae ostrese, have been received 
into the pharmacopoeias and used medicinally. Their 
virtues are similar to those of the carbonate of lime. 
See Creta. 
Ostreine, os'tre-een (ostrea). Substance containing 
nitrogen derived from fleshy part of oysters. 
Ostrei'on. Ostrea. 
Ostreios, os-tri'os (ostrea, ios, poison). Poisonous 
substance existing in certain oysters and mussels. 
Ostreodermato'rum. Lime-water prepared from 
oyster-shell lime. 
Ostreodermatum, os-tre-o-dur'mat-um. Oyster- 
shell. 
Ostreotoxicum, os-tre-o-toks'ik-um (ostreea, toxikon, 
poison). Ostreios. 
Os'treum. Ostrea. 
Ostruthin, ost-ruth'in. Substance derived from 
root of Imperatoria ostruthium. 
Ostru'thium. Imperatoria. 
Oswe'go tea. Monarda coccinea. 
Osy'ris. Antirhinum linaria. 
Otacous'tian or Otacoustic, o-tak-oo'stik (oto, akouo, 
to listen). Instrument which improves the sense of 
hearing, as the different species of ear-trumpets. 
O'tagra (oto, agra, seizure). Otalgia. 
Otalgia, o-tal'je-ah (oto, algos, pain). Otalgy. Pain 
in the ear; earache. See Otitis, OTALG IC 
Otalgic, o-tal'jik. An epithet for remedies used 
in otalgia. 
Otanthera (o-tanth-a'rah) (ows, ear, antheros, 
flowery) Molucca'na. Shrub growing in the Moluc- 
cas. Boot is antiabortifacient, and berries are used in 
nocturnal enuresis. 
Otaphone, o'ta-fone (0Z0, phone, voice). Small clamp 
fastened behind the auricle, causing it to project from 
the head, thus increasing its power of collecting sound- 
waves. 
Ote'chus (0Z0, echos, sound). Tinnitus aurium. 
Otemplas'trum (0Z0, emplastron, plaster). Plaster 
put behind the ears. 
Oten'chytes (0Z0, en, into, chuo, to pour). Species of 
syringe used for injecting the ear. 
Othsematoma, o-the-mat-o'mah (0Z0, haematoma). 
Effusion of blood or sanguineous fluid under the peri- 
chondrium of the auricle; it may result from peri- 
chondritis. Occurring in the insane, it indicates dis- 
ease at the base of the brain; has been called the 
Insane ear. 
Othaemorrhcea, o-the-mor-rhe'ah (0Z0, haima, blood, 
rheo, to flow). Discharge of blood from the ear. 
Othsemorrhois, o-the-mor'rho-is (ous, ear, haemor- 
rhois, hemorrhoid). Hemorrhoidal discharge of 
blood in the ears, due to metastasis. 
Othelcosis, o-thel-ko'sis (oto, helkosis, ulceration). 
Ulceration or suppuration of the ear. 
Oth'one or Othon'ion. Linteum. 
Othydrops, o'the-drops (oto, hudrops, dropsy). Drop- 
sical condition of middle ear. 
Othyg'rotes (oto, hugrotes, moisture). Otirrhcea. 
Othypersarcoma, o-thip-ur-sar-ko'mah (oto, huper, 
sarkoma). Excrescence in the ear of a fungous 
character. 
Otia'ter (oto, iatros, physician). Aurist. 
Otiatri/a (oto, iatreia, medicine). Otiatry. Occupa- 
tion of the aurist; management of diseases of the 
ear; aural medicine and surgery; ear surgery. 
Otiatric, o-te-at'rik. Eelating to otiatrics. 
Otia'trice. Otiatria. 
Otiatrics, o-te-at'riks. Otiatria. 
Otia'trus. Aurist. 
Oti'atry. Otiatria. 
O'tic (ous, otos, ear). Belonging or relating to the 
ear; medicine employed in diseases of the ear. 0. 
gan'glion, Auricular ganglion, Ganglion of Arnold. A 
small oval body, more than double the size of the 
ophthalmic ganglion, containing multipolar ganglion 
cells, ash-colored and pulpy like the ganglions of the 
sympathetic; situate in advance of the ganglion of 
Gasser, on the lower surface of the. inferior maxillary 
nerve, at the inner margin of the foramen ovale of 
the sphenoid bone. See Petrous ganglion. 
Oticodinia, o-tik-o-din'e-ah (oto, dine, vertigo). Ver- 
tigo consequent upon disease of the ear. 
Otion, o'she-on (otion, dim. of Ous, ear). External 
ear. 
Otirrhoe'a (oto, rheo, to flow). Otorrhoea. Purulent 
or puriform discharge from the meatus auditorius ex- 
ternus; a symptom of chronic otitis. Some authors 
have, indeed, used the term synonymously with 
chronic otitis. When it extends to the brain it is 
termed cerebral otirrhcea or otorrhoea; and when from 
the middle or internal ear, it is termed internal otir- 
rhoea or otorrhoea, 0. interna, and entotorrhoea. 0., 
cer'ebral, see Otorrhoea. 
Oti'tes (appertaining or relating to the ear). See 
Digitus. 
Otitic, o-tit'ik. Eelating to otitis. 
Otitis, o-te'tis (oto, itis). Inflammation of the ear. 
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the ear, 
characterized by excruciating pain, intolerable hum- 
ming in the ear, with a discharge of mucus generally 
from the meatus externus or from the Eustachian 
tube. When the inflammation is restricted to the 
lining membrane of the meatus, it is termed catar- 
rhal otitis. Otitis is divided into external, medial, and 
internal, according as it affects the meatus auditorius, 
etc., internal ear or labyrinth, or the cavity of the 
tympanum, including the mastoid cells. It may be 
798 
OTO P LA ST RUM 
acute or chronic. Acute otitis commonly terminates 
in a few days in a favorable manner by the aid of 
antiphlogistics. Chronic otitis, otirrhcea, is almost 
always accompanied by a purulent discharge from 
the meatus auditorius; often incurable, and may 
ultimately give occasion to disease of the internal 
ear and even of the brain. 0. catarrha'lis, see Otitis. 
0. parasit'ica, myringomycosis. 
O'tium {otion, little ear). A small ear. Auricle or 
pavilion of the ear. 
Otiyndim'ba. Painful pustular skin disease, en- 
demic in Damara land during hot weather. 
Oto {ous, ear). In composition, ear. 
Oto'ba but'ter. Concrete oil expressed from seeds 
of Myristica otoba. 
Otoblennorrhoea, o-to-blen-nor-rhe'ah {oto, blenna, 
mucus, rheo, to flow). Abnormal flow of mucus from 
the ear. 
Otocatarrh, o-to-kat-arrh' (oas, katarrhos, discharge). 
Catarrhal condition of the ear. 
Otocephalus, o-to-sef'al-us (oto, kephale, head). 
Monster whose ears are in contact or united into one 
beneath the chin, with very rudimentary condition 
or absence of the lower jaw-synotus. 
Otocleisis, o-to-kleis'is {oto, kleio, to close). Closure 
or obstruction of the ear. 
Otoco'nia (oto, konia, dust). Small collections of 
carbonate and phosphate of lime, finer than otoliths, 
and amorphous, found in the membranous labyrinth 
of the inner ear. 
Otocrane, o'to-krane (oto, kranion, skull). Cavity 
in petrosal bone for reception of osseo-cartilaginous 
capsule of aural labyrinth. 
Otocyst, o'to-sist. Embryonic epithelial sac which 
develops into the membranous labyrinth of the adult. 
Otod'yne or Otodyn'ia (oto, odune, pain). Otalgia. 
Otogan'glium. Otic ganglion. 
Otoglyphis (o-tog'lif-is) or Otog'lyphum {otogluphon, 
ear-pick). Ear-pick. 
Otog'raphy (oto, graphe, description). Description, 
or descriptive anatomy, of the ear. 
Otoiatri'a. Otiatria. 
O'toliths (oto, lithos, stone). Otolites, Ear stones. 
White crystalline particles of calcium carbonate 
and phosphate found in the membranous vestibule, 
and seeming to be suspended in the fluid Of the ves- 
tibule by means of a number of nervous filaments 
proceeding from the auditory nerve. Their uni- 
versal presence in the ear of the mammalia would 
seem to show that they are inservient to audition. 
When the substance is of a looser consistence it is 
called Otoconia, Otoconite, Ear powder, Ear sand {oto, 
conia, sand). 
Otology, o-tol'o-je {oto, logos, discourse). Treatise 
on structure and affections of the ear. 
Otomyces, o-to-mi'sees {oto, makes'). Fungus 
growing in the ear. 0. purpu'reus, form character- 
ized by presence of coloring matter resembling blood. 
Otomycosis, o-to-mik-o'sis. Presence of fungus, 
usually Aspergillus nigricans, in the auditory meatus. 
Otoncus, o-ton'kus {ous, onkos, swelling). Tumor 
of the ear. 
Otoneuralgia, o-to-nu-ral'je-ah {oto, neuron, nerve, 
algos, pain). Neuralgia of the ear. 
Otopathe'ma. Otopathy. 
Otop'athy {oto, pathos, affection). Diseased con- 
dition of the ear. 
Otopharyngeal, o-to-far-in-je'al. Pertaining to the 
ear and pharynx. 0. tube, Eustachian tube. 
Otophiegmone, o-to-fleg'mo-ne. Otitis. 
O'tophone {oto, phone, sound). Ear-trumpet. 
Otopiesis, o-to-pe'es-is {oto, piesis, a squeezing). 
Depression of the tympanic membrane by air pressure, 
due to a partial or complete vacuum being created 
within the tympanum. Compression of the labyrinth, 
producing deafness. 
Otoplas'ta {oto, plasso, to cover over). Plaster for 
the ear. 
Otoplas'tice or O'toplasty {oto, plastikos, forming). 
Operation for restoring a lost ear or a portion of it. 
Otoplas'trum. Plaster for the ear. OTOPLEXIOM ETER 
Otoplexiometer, o-to-pleks-e-om'et-ur (ofo, plexis, 
blow, metron, measure). Instrument for making an 
examination of the internal ear by percussion. 
Otopyorrhcea, o-to-pi-or-rhe'ah (oio, puon, pus, rheo, 
to flow). Otirrhoea; discharge of pus from the ear. 
Otopyosis, o-to-pi-o'sis (ous, puon, pus). Suppura- 
tion in the ear. 
Otorrhagia, o-tor-rhaj'e-ah (oto, rhage, rupture). 
Bleeding or other discharge from the ear. 
Otorrheumatismus, o-tor-ru-mat-iz'mus. Rheu- 
matic earache. 
Otorrhoe'a. Otirrhoea. 0., cer'ebral, see Otirrhoea. 
0. inter'na, see Otirrhoea. 0. purulen'ta, otirrhoea. 
Otosal'pinx. Eustachian tube. 
Otoscope, o'to-skope (oto, skopeo, to examine). In- 
strument for examining the condition of the ear. 
An elastic stethoscope, the ends of which are tipped 
with ivory, one to be inserted into the meatus of the 
patient and the other applied to the ear of the exam- 
iner, has been so called, as well as one formed on the 
principle of the ophthalmoscope, laryngoscope, etc. 
Otoscopy, o-tos'ko-pe. Examination by means of 
the otoscope. 
Otos'teal (oto, osteon, bone). Relating to the bones 
of the ear. Applied by Owen to homologue of the 
aural ossicles. 
Otostylic, o-to-stil'ik (oto, stulos, process). Relating 
to the ear and styloid process. 
Ototech'us or Ototechnos, o-to-tek'nus (oto, techne, 
art). Sensation of hammering felt in the inner ear. 
Otot'omy (oto, tome, incision). Part of practical 
anatomy which teaches the mode of dissecting and 
preparing the ear. Dissection of the ear. 
Ot'to or Ot'tar of ro'ses. See Rosa centifolia. 
Ot'toway disease'. Mai de la Baie de Saint Paul, 
a syphilitic affection which prevailed in Canada from 
1760 to 1780 and upward. 
Oture, o-tu're (oto, ouron, urine). Condition in 
which a metastasis of urine to the ear is supposed to 
occur. 
Ouabain. C30H46O12. Crystallized glucoside from 
ouabaio tree; aqueous extract from root forms arrow- 
poison of East-African Comalis; hypodermically a 
heart-poison; acts on medulla, slowing both respira- 
tory and heart action; no influence on sensation or 
mobility ; a cardiac stimulant. 
Ou'la. The gum. 
Oula'chan oil. Amber-colored oil obtained from 
the oulachan, a small fish of British Columbia, pro- 
posed as a substitute for cod-liver oil; said to have 
the properties of the latter without its nauseous 
taste. 
Ou'le. Cicatrix. 
Ouli'tis (oula, itis). Inflammation of the gums. 
Ou'loid (oule, a scar). Resembling a scar. 0. cica'- 
trix, a cicatrix described by Erasmus Wilson, without 
any open sore or ulcer or lesion of continuity, met 
with in lupus, syphilis, elephantiasis, etc., and de- 
pendent on disorganization and destruction of the 
skin beneath the epidermis. 
Oulorrhagia, ou-lor-rhaj'e-ah (oula, rhage, breaking 
forth). Bleeding from the gums. 
Ounce. Uncia; a weight equal to the 16th part of 
a pound avoirdupois, the 12th of a pound troy; com- 
posed of 8 drachms. See Weights and Measures. 
Ourari, ou-rah're. Curare. 
Oure'ma. Urine. 
Ourol'ogy (ouron, logos, discourse). That part of 
medicine which treats of the urine. 
Our'on. Urine. 
Ouroscopy, u-ros'ko-pe (ouron, skopeo, to examine). 
Examination of urine for clinical purposes. See 
Uromantia. 
Ous. Ear. 
Outh'ar. See Mamma. 
Out-kneed. Cnemoscoliosis; bow-leg. 
Out'let of pel'vis. See Pelvis. 
Out'scooping. Process of removing substance with 
the aid of a scoop. 
Ou'vi-las'sa. Purgative plant of Madagascar, from 
which scammony is obtained. 
799 
OVARISTS 
Ov. Abbrev. for ovum, egg. 
O'va Graafia'na. Folliculi Graafiani. 0. Nabo'- 
thi, Nabothi glandulse. 
O'val (ovum, egg). Egg-shaped; elliptic; that which 
is round and oblong like an egg. 0. fora'men, obtura- 
tor foramen. Also foramen in the inner paries 
of the middle ear, opening into the vestibule; the 
foramen in the sphenoid bone, through which the 
third branch of the fifth pair issues from the cra- 
nium ; and the aperture in the fcetus between the 
auricles of the heart. See Botal foramen. 0. fos'sa, 
a depression observed in the right auricle of the 
heart in the septum which separates it from the left 
auricle. It has thick and strong edges at its upper and 
fore part called Columnse foraminis ovalis; in the foetus 
called Annulus foraminis. The fossa ovalis in the 
adult replaces the interauricular aperture in the sep- 
tum auricularum of the foetus. 
Ovalbu'men. Albumen ovi. 
Ovaral'gia or Ovarial'gia (ovum, algos, pain). Pain 
in the ovary or ovaries. 
Ova'rian (ovarium, ovary). Ovarial. Relating or 
belonging to the ovary-as ovarian pregnancy, ova- 
rian tumors, etc. 0. ap'oplexy, hemorrhage into 
substance of an ovary through rupture of a follicle. 
0. ar'tery, spermatic artery. 0. drop'sy, hydroarion. 
0. lig'ament, L. of the ovary. 0. nerves, spermatic 
plexus of nerves. 0. plex'us, bulb of the ovary. 0. 
preg'nancy, see Pregnancy, ovarian. 0. tubes, tube- 
like groups of egg-germs imbedded within stroma of 
ovary by infolding of the general epithelium. 0. 
tu'mors, ovary, tumors of. 0. veins, spermatic veins. 
0. ves'icles, folliculi Graafiani. 
Ovaric, o-var'ik. Relating to the ovaries. 
Ovariectomy, o-var-e-ek'to-me (ovarion, ektome, ex- 
cision). Excision of the ovary. 
Ovariocele, o-var-e-o-se'le (Eng. o-var'e-o-seel) (ova- 
rion, kele, tumor). Hernia of ovary. 0., vagi'nal, 
inversion of vaginal wall produced by the ovary or 
ovaries. 
Ovariocentesis, o-var-e-o-sen-ta'sis (ovarion, kenteo, 
to pierce). Puncture of the ovary. 
Ovariocyesis, o-var-e-o-se-a'sis (ovarion, kuesis, preg- 
nancy). Pregnancy, ovarian. 
Ovariomania, o-var-e-o-man'e-ah (ovarion, mania). 
Insanity associated with disorder of the genital or- 
gans, the ovaries especially. 
Ovarion, o-var'e-on (dim. of Oon, egg). Ovum; 
ovule; ovary. 
Ovarioncus, o-var-e-on'kus (ovarion, onkos, tumor). 
Ovarian tumor. 
Ovarioparectama, o-var-e-o-par-ek'tam-ah (ova- 
rion, parektama, over-extension). Pathological en- 
larged condition of ovary. 
Ovariophyma, o-var-e-o-fe'mah (ovarion, phuma, 
growth). Ovarian tumor. 
Ovariorrhexis, o-var-e-or-rheks'is (ovarion, rhexis, 
rupture). Rupture of ovary. 
Ovario stere sis, o-var-e-o-ster-a'sis (ovarion, steresis, 
deprivation). Ovariotomy. 
Ovariostomy, o-var-e-os'to-me (ovarion, stoma, 
mouth). Operation for the purpose of draining cyst 
of ovary by means of puncture, allowing the con- 
tents to escape, and cauterizing the parietes of the 
opening. 
Ovariot'omy (ovarion, tome, section). Oophorectomy, 
Oariotomy. Operation for removing the ovary was 
first performed in 1809 by Dr. Ephraim McDowell of 
Kentucky. As now practised it includes incision into 
the peritoneal cavity, exploration for adhesions, evac- 
uation of the cyst, and the treatment of the pedicle, 
the latter including the employment of the ligature, 
torsion, acupressure, ecraseur, clamp, etc. . 0., ab- 
dominal, ovariotomy in which the abdominal wall 
is incised. 0., vagi'nal, ovariotomy in which the 
wall of the vagina is incised. 
0'varism. See Ovarists. 
O'varists. Ovists. Those physiologists who think 
that the phenomena of generation in the human 
species and in every species of animal result from 
the development of the ova or ovula of the female, OVARITIS 
merely incited by the male; the doctrine is called 
Ovarism and Ovism. 
Ovaritis, o-var-e'tis (ovarium, itis). Oaritis. 
Ova'rium (ovarius, egg-keeper). Ovary, Egg-bed. 
Ovaries are organs in which the ova are formed in 
oviparous animals. By analogy, the name has been 
given to the organs which the ancients called the tes- 
ticles of the females. There are two ovoid bodies, 
almost as large as the testicles in man, placed on 
each side of the uterus, between the Fallopian tube 
and round ligament, and in the substance of the 
broad ligament. Their outer extremity gives attach- 
ment to one of the projections of the fimbriated ex- 
tremity of the Fallopian tube, and the internal is 
fixed to the uterus by a small ligamentous cord called 
Ligament of the ovary. Henle calls a ligament pass- 
ing between the lateral top of the ovary and the os- 
tium abdominale of the Fallopian tube, Ligamentum 
infundibulo-ovaricum, Tubo-ovarian ligament. The Lig- 
amentum infundibulo-pelvicum passes between the in- 
fundibulum of the tube and the pelvis. The ovaries 
are composed of a very close, spongy texture-stroma 
-and of small vesicles-Folliculi Graafiani-filled 
with a clear fluid. These vesicles contain ovules, 
which detach themselves from the ovarium before 
and after fecundation, and are carried into the cavity 
of the uterus by the Fallopian tube. The ovary may 
be affected with apoplexy or sanguineous pelvic effu- 
sion, atrophy, dropsy, tumors, inflammation, neuralgia, 
cancer, cystic tumors of various kinds, as the multiple, 
proliferous, cysto-sarcomatous, dermoid, tubo-ovarian, 
etc. 0. luxa'tum, dislocation of the ovary. 0. 
masculi'num, non-pedunculated hydatid; see Mor- 
gagni's hydatid. 0. Nabo'thi, Nabothi glanduhe. 0. 
secunda'rium, Nabothi glandulse. 0. tu'midum, 
swelling or tumor of the ovary. 
Ovariydrectasis (o-var-e-id-rek'tas-is) or Ovariy- 
drops, o-var-e-e'drops. Cystoma of ovary. 
Ovariypertrophy, o-var-e-ip-ur'tro-fe (huper, trophe, 
nourishment). Hypertrophy of the ovary. 
Ovarohysterectomy, o-var-o-his-to-rek'to-me (ova- 
rion, hustere, womb, ektome, excision). Excision of the 
uterus and ovaries. 
O'vary. Ovarium. 0., bulb of, Spongy portion of 
ovary, collection of vessels communicating with uterine 
plexus. 0., bul'bous por'tion of, principal part of 
ovary; see 0., bulb of. 0., hernia of, hernia ovarii. 0., 
prolap'sus of, painful displacement of the organ be- 
tween the rectum and uterus from increase of bulk 
and weight due to inflammation or other disease. 
0., tu'mors of the, these are either solid or cystic; 
the former including fibroma, carcinoma, enchon- 
droma, etc.; the latter-ovarian cysts-simple cysts, or 
hydrops vesicularum, cystoma ovarii, and stroma 
ovarii. These cysts vary in color, size, and contents, 
the solid ingredients including fat-granules, epithe- 
lial cells, blood, pus, and, in dermoid cysts, hair, bones, 
sebaceous matter,, etc. Treatment includes tapping, 
injection of iodine, ovariotomy, etc. 
Ova'tion. Laying of eggs by animals. See Parturi- 
tion. 
Ova'tus (ovum, egg). Egg-shaped; oval. 
Oven. Apparatus employed in bacteriological in- 
vestigations for sterilization of culture media, and 
keeping them at a constant temperature by a self- 
working mechanism. 
Ovenchyma, o-ven'ke-mah (ovum, egg, enchuma, in- 
fusion). Oval cellular tissue. 
Overo butua. Pareira brava. 
Overcrowd'ing. The crowding of a number of 
people together in an apartment, causing diseases 
peculiar to such faulty hygienic surroundings. 
Overfeed'ing. Treatment by giving large amount 
of food in excess of patient's appetite. 
Overly'ing. Said of child when laid upon in bed 
and smothered. 
Overpres'sure. Demand for excessive exertion, 
particularly mental. 
O'verreach. Tread. A disease of the feet and 
ankles of horses and cattle, produced by the animal 
pressing one foot over the other. 
OVUM 
Overri'dlng. Overlapping of fractured extremities 
of a bone. 
Oversight'ed. Hypermetropic. 
O'vi albu'men. White of egg. 0. vitel'lus, see 
Ovum. 
O'vic. Of or pertaining to the ovum. 
Ovicap'sule (ovum, capsule). See Folliculi Graafiani. 
Ovicel, o've-sel (ovum, cella, cell). Ovisac. 
Oviducal, o-ve-du'k'l (ovum, duco, to lead). Relating 
to an oviduct. 
O'viduct (ovum, ductus, duct). Tube, Fallopian. 0., 
ampul'la or pavil'ion of, enlarged portion of ab- 
dominal extremity of oviduct, the fringed end of 
which is called the fimbriated extremity or fimbria. 
Oviduc'tus mulie'bris. Tuba Fallopiana. 
Oviferous, o-vif'er-us. Ovigerous. 
Ovification (ovum, facio, to make). Generation of 
ova. 
Oviform, o've-form. Ovoid. 
Oviger, o'vij-ur. Ovigerm. 
Ovigerm, o've-germ. Ovum, primitive. 
Ovigerous, o-vij'er-us (ovum, gero, to bear). Oviger. 
Containing or producing ova or eggs. 
Ovination, o-vin-a'shun. Inoculation of sheep 
with sheep-pox virus. 
Ovip'arous (ovum, pario, to bring forth). Epithet 
applied to animals hatched from eggs outside of the 
body. The condition may be termed Oviparousness. 
See Generation. 
Ovip'arousness. See Oviparous. 
O'vipont (ovum, pono, positum, to lay). Escape of 
the ovum from the ovary; while ovulation includes 
also the process of its maturation. 
Oviposi'tion (ovum, pono, positum, to place). Act 
or process of depositing ovum. 
Ovipos'itor (ovum, pono, positum, to place). Project- 
ing apparatus formed by last annuli of the abdomen 
in certain insects for depositing their ova. 
O'vis a'ries. The sheep. 
O'visac (ovum, sac). See Folliculi Graafiani. 0., 
tu'nic of the, see Folliculi Graafiani. 
O'vism. See Ovarists. 
O'vists. Ovarists. 
Ovogenous, o-voj'en-us (ovum, gennao, to engender). 
Relating to development of ova. 
O'void (ovum, eidos, like). Egg-shaped. 
Ovolemma, o-vo-lem'mah. Membrane surrounding 
vitellus of ovum in man. 
Ovol'ogy (ovum, logos, a discourse). Description of 
the ovum. 
Ovovivip'arous (ovum, vivus, living, pario, to bring 
forth). Oviparous animals whose ova are hatched 
within the mother-vipers, for example. See Genera- 
tion. 
O'vula (pl. of Ovulum) Graafia'na. Ovules of 
De Graaf, folliculi Graafiani. 0. Nabo'thi, Nabothi 
glandulse. 
O'vular. Relating or belonging to the ovule. 0. 
abor'tion, see Abortion. 
Ovulate, o'vu-late. Containing ovules. 
Ovula'tion. Formation of ova in the ovary and 
the discharge of the same. Also the development of 
the embryo from the egg. See Ovipont. 0., sponta'- 
neous, spontaneous formation and discharge of ova 
which takes place in the female of the mammalia. 
See Heat and Menses. 
O'vule. Ovulum; unimpregnated ovum. 0., ex- 
ter'nal migration of, passage of ovisac from ovary 
of one side to oviduct of opposite side. 0., migra'tion 
of, passage of ovisac to oviduct. 0. of Naboth, ob- 
struction of ducts of glands of neck of uterus. 0., 
po'lar cells of, cells upon exterior of yolk of ovule. 
0., primor'dial, primitive ovule in internal struc- 
ture of ovary. 
Ovuliferous, o-vu-lif'er-us. Ovulate. 
0'vuline (ovulum). Decidua reflexa. 
Ovulist, o'vu-list. See Ovarists. 
0'vulum. Ovule. A small egg; that which has the 
appearance of a small egg. See Ovum. 
O'vum. (Oon, egg). The egg of Phasianus Gallus, 
the common hen, is chiefly used as food. The different 
800 ox 
parts are likewise employed in medicine. The shell, 
Aurancum, Aurantum, calcined, is esteemed an ab- 
sorbent. Oil of egg is emollient, used externally to 
burns and chaps. Yolk or Yelk of the egg-Vitellum- 
renders oils, etc. miscible with water. Eggs when 
light-boiled are easy of digestion, but when very 
hard-boiled or fried they are more rebellious. 
Egg brandy is made by taking of brandy, 
cinnamon-water, the yolk of two eggs, sugar, 
§ss, and oil of cinnamon, gtt. ij ; mix the yolks of 
the eggs first with the water, the oil, and the sugar, 
stirring constantly; then add the brandy little by 
little until a smooth fluid is formed. An agreeable 
mode of giving brandy in adynamic states. 
Egg broth is made by beating the yolk of one egg with 
a spoonful of white sugar to a cream, and pouring on 
it in a bowl, stirring it, half a pint of boiling new 
milk or water, adding a spoonful of good brandy and 
grated nutmeg. 
Eggnog is a drink made of eggs, rum or brandy, 
milk, and sugar beaten up together. 
In pharmacy white of egg, which consists chiefly of 
albumen, is used for clarifying syrups, etc.; see 
Albumen ovi. Yolk of egg beaten up with warm water 
and sugar, and aromatized with orange-flower water, 
forms an emulsion which is emollient, and known 
under the name chicken's milk. 
Anatomists give the name Ova, Ovula, Ovules to 
round vesicles containing a humor similar to the 
yolk of egg, which are situate in the ovaries of the 
female, and when fecundated constitute the rudi- 
ments of the foetus. During gestation the embryo 
and its enveloping membranes retain the name Ovum. 
Changes induced in the mammalia after impregna- 
tion greatly resemble those in the bird. Egg-cell 
is a term designating the female generative element; 
egg-cell after extrusion of polar globules. Oosperm 
is the female element after impregnation; impreg- 
nated ovum in various stages of after-development. 
Ovum also signifies a testicle. 0., apoplec'tic, ovum 
in which blood extravasates between the membranes; 
usually the ovum perishes or is aborted. 0., blight'ed, 
ovum devoid of power of developing after it has been 
fecundated ; generally it is aborted or is transformed 
into a mole. 0., fe'male, cells in the female in an 
embryonic condition which at a later period form ova. 
0. gemellif'erum, ovum in which two embryos are 
contained. 0. Graafia'num, see Graafian vesicles. 0. 
hyster'icum, see Clavus hystericus. 0., male, cells 
occurring in certain parts of tubuli seminiferi, thought 
to develop into spermatozoa. 0., ova'rian, name given 
to ovum when in Graafian vesicle. 0., primitive or 
primor'dlal, see Cell. 
Ox (abbr. for Oxymel, honey and vinegar). In com- 
position, acute, sharp, quick, pointed, acid, oxygen. 
The chemical symbol and abbreviation of oxygen. 
See Oxy. 
Oxac'id. Acid containing oxygen, as distinguished 
from one formed with chlorine, etc. 
Oxalaemia, oks-al-e'me-ah (oxalic acid, haima, blood). 
An excess of oxalic acid in the system. 
Ox'alas ce'ricus. Cerium oxalate. 0. ferro'sus, 
ferrous oxalate. 0. subpotas'sicus, potassium ox- 
alate. 
Ox'alate of cal'cium. Salt frequently found in 
the urine. 
Oxalat'ic. Relating to oxalates; hence oxalatic or 
oxalic-acid diathesis. The habit of body which favors 
the formation and deposition of oxalates from the 
urine is called Oxaluria. 
OxaTic ac'id (oxalis, sorrel). Acid of sugar or of 
sorrel, Carbonous acid. An acid found in sorrel- 
Oxalis-and several other vegetable substances; 
usually obtained by decomposing sugar with nitric 
acid ; may also be obtained from molasses, rice, gum, 
etc. Crystallizes in long, transparent, colorless quad- 
rangular prisms, soluble in water and alcohol, and is 
generally found in nature united with lime or 
potassa. It has been proposed in a diluted state as a 
refrigerant, but it is unnecessary, and besides in 
quantity it is a virulently acrid poison. It strongly 
801 
OXOIDES 
resembles magnesium sulphate, and has often been 
mistaken for it; see Poisons (table). 0. a. diath'esls, 
See Oxalatic. 
Ox'alis aceto'sa (oxus, acid, owing to the sharpness 
of its juice). Rumex acetosus. 0. acetosel'la, sys- 
tematic name of the Woodsorrel, Cuckoobread, Sour 
trefoil, White sorrel, Mountain sorrel, Alleluia; ord. 
Oxalidaceae. This plant has a gratefully acid taste, 
and is used in salads. It has been esteemed astringent, 
antiscorbutic, and diuretic. 0. America'na, O. aceto- 
sella. 0. stric'ta, Yellow woodsorrel; indigenous; has 
similar virtues to O. acetosella. 0. tubero'sa, Oca. A 
tuberous plant whose oval-shaped root is used as a 
food by the Peruvians. It is watery, has a sweetish 
taste, and is much liked. 
Oxal'ium. Potassium oxalate. 
Oxal'me (oxus, hals, salt). Mixture of vinegar and 
salt. 
Oxalmethylin, oks-al-meth'il-in. Derived from 
dimethyloxamide; increases reflex irritability in 
animals. 
Oxalu'ria. Condition in which urine contains cal- 
cium oxalate. See Oxalatic and Urine, oxalitic. 
Oxalu'ric acid. Acid present in normal urine, 
combined with ammonia ; closely related to uric acid, 
xanthin, guanin, and urea. 
Oxazotic, oks-az-ot'ik. Nitric. 
Oxazotite, oks-az'o-tite. Nitrite. 
Ox'-bile. Ox-gall. 
Oxelse'on (oxy, elaion, oil). Mixture of vinegar and 
oil; used as a condiment. 
Oxeole (F.), oks-a-o-la'. Medicated vinegar. 
Oxeronosus, oks-er-on'o-sus (oxeros, vinegar, nosos, 
disease). Morbid condition due to excess of acid 
forming in the body. 
Ox'-eye. Helenium autumnale. Buphthalmus. 
Ox'-gall. Bile of the ox. Fresh gall of Bos taunts 
(U. S. Ph.); supposed to be laxative and stomachic. 
Oxhydryl, oks-hi'dril. Hydroxyl. 
Oxichlorate, oks-e-klo'rate. Combination of oxi- 
cloric acid with a base. 
Oxichlo'ride. Carbonic oxychloride ; phosgene gas. 
Ox'id. Oxide. 
Oxidated. Combined with oxygen. 
Oxida'tion. Oxydation, Oxygenation. Action of ox- 
idizing a body; that is, of combining it with oxygen, 
a combination from which results an oxide. 
Ox'ide. Oxyd, Oxid, Oxyde. Combination, not acid, 
of a simple body with oxygen. 0., cal'culous, oxide, 
cystic. 
Oxidized, oks'id-ized. Combined with oxygen. 
Ox'idum. Oxide. 0. antimo'nii cum phos'phate 
cal'cis, antimonial powder. 0. fer'ri ni'grum, Black 
oxide of iron, Ferro-ferric hydrate; scales which fall 
from iron when heated; consist of iron combined 
with oxygen; have been used like the chalybeates in 
general. Ferri oxidum nigrum, made by precipitating, 
by ammonia, a solution of the mixed sulphate of pro- 
toxide and sesquioxide of iron, and an analogous prep- 
aration under the name Ferri oxidum magneticum, Mag- 
netic oxide of iron, Martial Ethiops, have been officinal 
in some pharmacopoeias. O.fer'ricum crystalliza'tum 
nati'vum, haematites. 0. fer'roso-fer'ricum, 2Ethiops 
martialis. 0. hydrar'gyri comple'tum, hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxidum. 0. hydrargyr'icum, hydrargyri ni- 
trico-oxidum. 0. hydrargyr'icum prsepara'tum, 
hydrargyri oxidum cinereum. 0. hydrargyro'sum, 
hydrargyri oxidum cinereum. 0. magne'sium, mag- 
nesia. 0. stib'ii sulphurat'um, formerly exhibited 
in the cure of fevers; now rarely employed. 0. u'ri- 
cum, uric oxide. 
Oxim'eter (metron, measure). Measurer of oxygen. 
Ox'ines (oxus, sharp). Wine already sour, but not 
yet vinegar. 
Oxi'odine. Iodic acid ; white, transparent, solid; 
obtained by boiling iodine with nitric acid. 
Oxisalt, oks'e-salt. Salt, basic. 
Oxitriphyl'lum (oxy, triphullon, trefoil). Oxalis 
acesotella. 
Oxo'des. Acidulous. 
Oxoi'des (oxy, eidos, resemblance). Acidulous. OXONIC ACID 
Oxonic acid, oks-on'ik as'id. Acid, formula C4H5- 
N3O4, which forms when uric acid oxidizes. 
Ox'ter. Axilla. 
Ox-tongue. Anchusa officinalis. 
Ox'urate. Combination of oxuric acid with a base. 
Oxu'ric acid. Superoxygenated uric acid of Vau- 
quelin. 
Ox'us. Aceticum acidum; acetum. 
Ox'y (oxws, acute). In composition, acute, quick, 
pointed, sharp, acid. In the composition of chemical 
terms oxy and ox mean oxygen. 
Ox'ya. Fagus sylvatica. 
Oxyacan'tha (oxy, akantha, thorn). Mespilus oxy- 
acantha. 0. Gale'ni, Berberis, fam. Berberideae. The 
fruit of the berries, Barberries, is gratefully acid and 
moderately astringent. By preparing an alcoholic ex- 
tract of the root, Berberis (Ph. U. S.), and adding water 
to it, a pulverulent brown substance is thrown down 
which, when dissolved in alcohol and evaporated, 
yields the bitter principle Berberin, Berberina, which 
is an excellent stomachic in the dose of 2 to 10 grains. 
Oxyacanthin, Berbina, and Vinetina have also been ex- 
tracted from it. The hydrochlorate of berberin has 
been employed in splenic enlargement from malaria. 
An extract from the wood or roots of Berberis is used 
in India in affections of the eye under the name of 
Rusot or Ruswut. The American Barberry, Berberis 
Canadensis, Pipperidge bush, Sowberry, differs slightly 
from the European; it flourishes on mountains and 
hilly districts from Canada to Virginia. 
Oxyacan'thin. See Oxyacantha Galeni. 
Oxyacusis, oks-e-ak-u'sis. Oxyakoia. 
Oxyaesthe'sia (oxy, eesthesia). Exaggerated sensi- 
bility. 
Oxyakoia, oks-e-ak-oi'ah (oxy, akoue, hearing). Ex- 
aggeration of sense of hearing. 
Oxyamygdalic acid, oks-e-am-ig'dal-ik as'id. Acid, 
formula CsHsCh, existing in urine in individuals 
suffering from acute atrophy of the liver. 
Oxyaph'e (oxy, haphe, touch). Abnormal acuteness 
of touch. 
Oxyaph'ia (oxy, haphe, touch). Abnormal acuteness 
of ton ah. 
Oxyarteritis, oks-e-ar-ter-e'tis (oxus, sharp, arteria). 
Acute inflammation of an artery. 
Oxyarthritis, oks-e-ar-thre'tis (oxus, arthron, joint). 
Acute arthritis. 
Oxybaphus, oks-ib'af-us. Umbrella-wort, herb 
growing in America and India ; roots are reputed to 
possess purgative properties. 
Oxybenzoic (oks-e-ben-zo'ic) acid. Hydroxyben- 
zoic acid. 
Oxyben'zol. Phenol. 
Oxyblepsia, oks-e-blep'se-ah (oxy, blepo, to see). 
Acuteness of sight. 
Oxybolia, oks-e-bo'le-ah (oxy, bole, ejection). Too 
rapid emission of sperm. 
Oxybuturia, oks-e-but-u're-ah. Presence of oxy- 
butyric acid in abnormal urine, as in diabetes. 
Oxycannabin, oks-e-kan'na-bin. Oxidation product 
of cannabin by hot nitric acid. 
Oxycedrus, oks-e'sed-rus. Juniperus oxycedrus. 
Oxycephalia, oks-e-sef-al'e-ah (oxy, kephale, head). 
Sugar-loaf head. Condition of oxycephalus. 
Oxycephalus, oks-e-sef'al-us (oxy, kephale). Monster 
wTith head in which there is synostosis of the parietal 
with occipital and temporal bones, with compensatory 
development of the skull in the region of anterior 
fontanelle, giving appearance of a sugar-loaf. 
Oxychlorure'tum antimonii. Antimony oxychlo- 
ride. 
Oxy cinchonine, oks - e - sin' kon - een. Substance, 
formula C20H24N2O3, having the same composition as 
quinine. 
Oxycinesis, oks-e-sin-a'sis (oxy, kinesis, motion). 
Rapidity of motion. 
Oxycoc'cos (oxy, kokkos, berry). Vaccinium oxy- 
coccos. 0. macrocar'pus, see Vaccinium oxycoccus. 
0. palus'tris, Vaccinium oxycoccos. 
Oxycopaivic (oks-e-ko-pa'vic) acid. Acid obtained 
from resin of copaiba. 
802 
OXYGENATED 
Ox'ycrate (oxy, kerao, to mix). A mixture of vin- 
egar and water; frequently used in medicine as a 
refrigerant and antiseptic. 
Oxycre'osol. Guaiacol. 
Oxycro'ceum emplas'trum (oxy, krokos, saffron). 
A plaster, composed of various ingredients, formerly 
employed as a strengthening plaster. 
Oxycterus, oks-ik'ter-us. Acute icterus or jaun- 
dice. 
Ox'ycum. Oxygen. 
Ox'yd. Oxide. 
Oxyda'tion. Oxidation. 
Oxyda'tus. Oxidized. 
Oxyden'dron arbo'reum. Sorrel tree, sour-wood ; 
indigenous tree with pleasantly acid leaves; used in 
decoction as a refrigerant drink. 
Oxyderces, oks-id-ur'sees (oxy, derko, to see). A 
medicine which sharpens the sight. 
Oxydercia, oks-id-ur'se-ah. Sharpness of vision. 
Oxydercicus, oks-id-ur'sik-us. A medicine which 
sharpens the sight. 
Oxydiahrosis, oks-e-de-ah-bro'sis (oxy, diabrosis). 
Rapid corrosion. 
Oxydimorphine, oks-e-di-mor'fine. Pseudomor- 
phine. 
Oxydoid, oks'id-oid. Resembling an oxide. 
Oxydor'cia. Oxydercia. 
Oxydulated, oks-id'u-la-ted. Slightly oxidized. 
Oxydula'tus. Oxydulated. 
Oxyd'ulum. Body in an inferior degree of oxida- 
tion. 
Ox'ydum. Oxide. 0. antlmo'nii, antimony oxide. 
0. argen'ticum, silver oxide. 0. azoto'sum, nitrogen 
monoxide. 0. cal'cicum, lime. 0. c. a'qua solu'tum, 
lime-water. 0. cu'pricum, copper oxide. 0. fer'ri 
nigrum or ferro'so-fer'ricum, ferroso-ferric oxide. 
0. fer'ricum ig'ne para'tum, ferric oxide. 0. 
hydrargyr'icum, mercuric oxide. 0. magne'sicum 
ig'ne para'tum, magnesia. 0. magne'sicum le've, 
magnesia. 0. magne'sicum pondero'sum, heavy 
magnesia. 0. manga'nicum, manganese dioxide. 0. 
plum'bicum, lead monoxide; litharge. 0. plum'- 
bicum fu'sum, lead monoxide ; litharge. 0. plum'- 
bicum ru'brum, minium; red lead. 0. potas'sicum, 
potassa. 0. stib'icum, antimony oxide. 0. zin'- 
cicum, zinc oxide. 
Oxyecoi'a (oxy, alcoue, hearing). Intense or ex- 
aggerated sense of hearing. 
Oxyg'ala (oxy, gala, milk). Sour milk. The Oxyg- 
ala equinum, Caracosmos, is reckoned among the deli- 
cacies by the Tartars. 
Oxygaron, oks-ig'ar-on (oxy, garon, garum). Com- 
position of garum and vinegar. 
Ox'ygen (oxus, acid, gennao, to engender, that is, 
generator of acids ; and such it was believed to be ex- 
clusively when the name was given to it; now known 
not to be the case). Empyreal, Pure, Vital, or Dephlogis- 
licated air. Colorless, invisible, tasteless, inodorous 
gas, sp. gr. 1.1056; slightly soluble in water; enters 
into combination with all other elements save fluo- 
rine, forming oxides. Oxygen is an elementary 
principle largely distributed in nature. It exists in 
the air, water, several acids, all the oxides, and in 
vegetable and animal substances. Obtained by de- 
composing the peroxide of manganese or potassium 
chlorate by heat in close vessels. Although oxy- 
gen, in the state of admixture in which it is found in 
the atmosphere, is of vital importance, it cannot be 
respired in a pure state with impunity. Animals die 
in it long before all the oxygen is consumed. Its prop- 
erties are markedly stimulant; it increases the force 
and velocity of the pulse, and has, accordingly, been 
used in cases of chronic debility, chlorosis, asthma, 
scrofula, dropsy, paralysis, etc. It requires to be 
diluted with from 10 to 20 parts of atmospheric 
air, one to two quarts being used during the day. 
0., neu'tral.see Ozone. 0., po'larized, ozone. 0., 
res'piratory, oxygen in combination with haemoglo- 
bin, which can be respired. 
Oxygenated, oks'e-jen-a-ted. Furnished with ox- 
ygen. 0. wa'ter, hydrogen peroxide. OXYGENATION 
Oxygena'tion. Oxidation. 
Oxygenic, oks-e-jen'ik (oxus, acid, gennao, to engen- 
der). Producing acids. 
Oxygenized, oks'e-jen-ized. Oxygenated. 
Oxygeus'ia (oxy, geusis, taste). Excessive or ex- 
aggerated sense of taste. 
Oxyglu'cus (oxy, glukus, sweet). Oxyglyces. Pre- 
pared by macerating and boiling honeycomb (from 
which the greater part of the honey has been taken) 
in water, and adding vinegar. Oxymel. 
Oxyglycy, oks'ig-le-se. Oxyglucus. 
Oxyguanine, oks-e-gwan'een. Product obtained 
by adding soda to solution of guanine and treating 
with permanganate of potassium. 
Oxyhaemoglobin, oks-e-he-mo-glo'bin. Peculiar 
combination of haemoglobin with oxygen in propor- 
tion of 1 gramme to 1.59 c.cm. when saturated. Com- 
bination easily made or disassociated. By this means, 
largely, oxygen is conveyed from the lungs to the 
tissues. 
Oxyhydrate, oks-e-hi'drate. Substance in which 
oxygen and hydroxyl are contained. 
Oxyhydrocarbure'tum ex o'leo pyroxyl'ico-para'- 
tum. Creasote. 
Oxyigasurine, oks-e-ig-as-u'reen. Substance ob- 
tained by treating igasurine with potassium nitrate ; 
its physiological action is identical with that of 
igasurine. 
Oxyiodide, oks-e-i'o-dide. Compound in which 
oxygen and iodine are contained in combination with 
an element or radical. 
Oxylap'athum (oxy, lapathon, dock). Eumex 
acutus. 
Oxyleucotin, oks-e-lu-ko'tin. A proximate prin- 
ciple of paracoto-bark. 
Ox'ymel (oxy, mel, honey). Oxymel simple. Honey 
and vinegar boiled to a syrupy consistence. Clarified 
honey, ; acetic acid and distilled water, each, 5 
f,5 (B. P.). Honey, 200; vinegar, 50; mix; evapo- 
rate to sp. gr. 1.26, clarify, and strain. 0. seru'ginis, 
linimentum aeruginis. O. col'chici, 0. of meadow saf- 
ron, (rad. colch. recent, in laminas tenues sectae, ,5j ; 
aceti destillati, ibj; mellis despumat. pond., Ibij. 
Macerate in a gentle heat for forty-eight hours. 
Press and boil the liquor with the honey to the thick- 
ness of a syrup, stirring with a wooden spoon; ex- 
pectorant and diuretic; dose, in gruel. 0. scil'lae, 
0. of squills ; vinegar of squill, 5; clarified honey, 8; 
mix and evaporate to sp. gr. 1.32 (B. P.); vinegar of 
squill, 5; clarified honey, 10; mix and evaporate to 
10 parts (P. G.); vinegar of squill, 5; clarified honey, 
20; mix and evaporate to sp. gr. 1.26 (Cod.). 0. sim'- 
plex, oxymel. 
Oxymellitum, oks-e-mel-le'tum. Oxymel. 
Oxymercu'ric sul'phate. Basic sulphate of mer- 
cury. 
Oxymetrum, oks-im'et-rum. Acidimeter. 
Oxymor'phine or Oxymor'phia. Pseudomorphia. 
Oxymu'rlate. Chloride. 0. of mer'cury, corro- 
sive sublimate. 
Oxymuriat'ic add. Applied by Lavoisier to sub- 
stance supposed to be compound of muriatic acid and 
oxygen; discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy to be an 
elementary body which he termed Chlorine, a name 
it has since retained. 
Oxymyelitis, oks-e-me-el-e'tis. Acute myelitis. 
Oxymyr'rhine (oxy, murrine, myrtle). Ruscus. 
Oxymyr'sine. Ruscus. 
Oxynaphthoic acid, oks-e-naf'tho-ik as'id. Ob- 
tained by action of carbonic acid gas on sodium and 
naphthol; in colorless crystals ; antiseptic and disin- 
fectant ; employed in skin diseases, applied externally 
with collodion or lanolin. 
Oxynaphthol, oks-e-naf'thol. Dioxynaphthol, sub- 
stance with the formula CioHs(OH)3, occurring in 
yellow needles, possessing active reducing properties. 
Oxynarco'tia or Oxynar'cotine. C22H23NO8. Al- 
kaloid accompanying narceine in opium, but not 
medicinally important. 
Oxyneu'rin. Betaine. 
Oxyn'gium. Adeps suillus. 
803 
OXYSTRYCHNINE 
Oxyni'tron {oxy, nitron, nitre). Name of a plaster 
composed chiefly of vinegar and nitre. 
Oxynose'ma {oxy, nosema, disease), Oxyn'osos {oxy, 
nosos, disease), or Oxynu/sos. Acute disease. 
Oxyn'tic. Term applied to glands secreting acid 
principle in the gastric juice. 0. cells, parietal cells 
of cardiac glands of stomach, believed by Heidenhain 
to produce hydrochloric acid of gastric juice. See 
Delomorphous. 
Oxynucleus, oks-e-nu'kle-us. Nucleus containing 
oxygen. 
Oxyokoia, ox-e-o-koi'ah {oxy, akoue, hearing). Pro- 
duction of peculiar disagreeable sensations in the ear 
when loud sounds are heard. 
Oxyobphoritis, ox-e-o-of-or-e'tis. Acute oophoritis. 
Oxyo'pia {oxy, ops, sight). Excessive acuteness of 
the sense of sight. Instances have occurred where 
persons could see the stars in the day-time. Cause 
seated in great sensibility of the retina. Term also 
used synonymously with nyctalopia. 
Oxyosphresia, ox-e-os-fra'sis {oxy, osphresis, smell). 
Excessive acuteness of the sense of smell. 
Oxyphenic acid, oks-e-fen'ik as'id. Pyrocatechin. 
Oxyphenyl, oks-e-fen'il. Combination containing 
phenyl and oxygen. 
Oxyphlegmasia, oks-e-fleg-mah'zhe-ah {oxy, iMeg- 
masia). A violent inflammation. 
Oxyphoenicon, ox-e-fe'nik-on {oxy, phoinikos, deep 
red). Tamarindus. 
Oxyphonia, ox-e-fo'ne-ah {oxy, phone, voice). Clan- 
gor. Shrill and squalling voice-frequently a symp- 
tom of morbid affection of the larynx. 
Oxyphon'ic. Possessed of or relating to oxy- 
phonia. 
Oxyphosphide, oks-e-fos'fide. Compound contain- 
ing an element or radicle in combination with oxygen 
and phosphorus. 
Oxyphyl'Ion {oxy, phullon, a leaf). Oxalis aceto- 
sella. 
Oxypod'ia {oxy, pous, foot). Club-foot. See Kyllo- 
sis. 
Oxypropylendiisoamyl'amine. Synthetic alkaloid; 
colorless, oily liquid, having disagreeable odor. Causes 
epileptiform convulsions in animals; appears to par- 
alyze the inhibitory fibres of the pneumogastric. 
Oxyprotein, oks-e-pro'te-in. Proteid rich in oxy- 
gen. 
Oxyqui'nia {oxy, quinia). A substance obtained from 
boiling sulphate of quinia and solution of potassium 
nitrate together, differing from quinia in containing 
two additional equivalents of oxygen. 
Oxyreg'mia {oxy, ereugo, to belch). Acid eructa- 
tion. 
Oxyr'ia renifor'mis {oxus, sharp, acid). Boreal 
sour dock, Mountain sorrel, Welsh sorrel, ord. Poly- 
ganaceae. Grows in the northern parts of America 
and Europe. Possesses the same properties as Oxalis 
acetosella. 
Oxyr'rhinus {oxy, rhis, nose). Sharp-nosed. 
Oxyrrhod'inon {oxy, rhodon, rose). Composition of 
vinegar and roses. (01. rosat., §ij ; acet, rosat., 
Used as a liniment in herpes and erysipelas. 
Oxys. Acid, acute. 0. al'ba, Oxalis acetosella. 
Oxysaccharum, ox-e-sak'kar-um {oxy, saccharon, 
sugar). Mixture of sugar and vinegar; termed Oxy- 
saccharum vomitivum when it held in solution the glass 
of antimony, and Oxysaccharum scilliticum when it 
contained squills. 
Ox'ysal. Oxysalt. 
Ox'ysalt. Salt containing oxygen in combination 
with acid and base. 
Oxysepsis, oks-e-sep'sis {oxus, sepsis, putrefaction). 
Putrefaction in which acid is developed. 
Oxysitia, oks-e-sish'e-ah {oxus, sition, food). A 
condition of the stomach in which acidity is apt to 
occur. 
Oxystelma (oks-e-stel'mah) JEgypti'acum. Herb 
growing in Egypt and south of Africa. Juice pos- 
sesses purgative properties, and in a dried condition 
furnishes a kind of scammony. 
Oxystrychnine, oks-e-strik'neen. Product, formula OXYSULPHIDE 
C21H28N2O7, produced by treating strychnine sulphate 
with boiling potassium nitrite. 
Oxysul'phide. Compound of sulphur with metallic 
oxide, or mixture of oxide and sulphide of same 
metal. 
Oxysulphosal, oks-e-sulf'o-sal. Combination of 
oxy- and sulpho-salts. 
Oxysulphura'tus. Containing oxygen and sul- 
phur. 
Oxysul'phuret. Oxysulphide. 
Oxysul'phurum. Oxysulphuret. 0. antimon'icum 
semivitrifac'tum, liver of antimony. 0. a. s. lo'tum, 
crocus of antimony. 
Oxytar'tarus. Potassii acetas. 
Ox'ytes. Acidity. 
Oxytocia, oks-e-to'se-ah (oxy, tokos, bringing forth). 
Rapidity of parturition. 
Oxytocic, oks-e-to'sik. A medicine promoting de- 
livery. 
Oxytolu'ic acids. Cresotic acids. 
Oxyto'luyl-tro'pine. Homatropine. 
Oxytox'ic (oxy, toxicon, poison). A rapid and de- 
cided toxic agent. 
Oxytriphyl'lon (oxy, triphullon, trefoil). Oxalis 
acetosella. 
Oxytropis (oks-it'ro-pis) campes'tris (oxus, tropis, 
ship's keel). Plant growing in Europe and California, 
reputed to cause loco. 
Oxyu'ricide (oxyuris, caedo, to kill). An anthelmin- 
tic, fatal more especially to oxyuris vermicularis. 
Oxyu'ris vermicula'ris (oxy, oura, tail). See Ascaris 
and Parasites. 
Oys'ter, green. Ulva latissima. 0. plant, trago- 
pogon; root diuretic ; cultivated for food. O., vege- 
table, tragopogon. 
Oys'ter-shell. Ostrea testa. O.-s., prepared, testa 
prseparata. 
Oz. Abbreviation for uncia, an ounce. 
Ozsena, o-ze'na (oze, fetid smell). Ulceration of the 
nasal cavities with fetid discharge, symptom of atro- 
phic rhinitis; supposed by Lowenberg to be due to 
ozsenococcus-more probably to germs of putrefaction 
which find here suitable conditions for their develop- 
ment. An affection of the pituitary membrane, giving 
occasion to a disagreeable odor similar to that of a 
crushed bed-bug; hence the name punais, by which 
the French designate one laboring under ozsena. It 
is sometimes due to caries of the bones, but is per- 
804 
OZOSTOMIA 
haps most frequently dependent upon syphilitic ul- 
ceration of the pituitary membrane, with or with- 
out caries of the nose. 0. benig'na, see Coryza. 0., 
trache'al, inflammation of the trachea in which 
crusts are formed, due to nasal ozsena invading this 
region. 
Ozsenacoccus, o-ze-nah-kok'kus (ozaina, kokkos, 
grain). Micrococcus Lowenbergii. See Micrococci. 
O'ze. Offensive breath. 
Oze'mum. Albumen. 
Ozo'cerlte. Ozokerit. 
Ozochrotous, o-zo-krot'us. Possessing a bad-smell- 
ing skin. 
Ozokerine, o-zo'ker-een. Commercial name for a 
variety of petroleum. 
Ozo'kerit. Ozocerite, Vegetable wax, Fossil wax. A 
hydrocarbon found in a layer of bituminous slate in 
Moldavia, Wallachia, etc.; snowy white; when re- 
fined, acting like tar; when mixed with linseed oil, 
stimulating the diseased skin, as in chronic eczema. 
O'zon or O'zone (ozo, to smell of something). Pow- 
erfully odorous matter produced when a current of 
ordinary electricity passes from pointed bodies into 
the air, or by placing phosphorus in a flask filled 
with atmospheric air and partly covered with water, 
occasionally agitating the flask. Generally presumed 
to be a peculiar modification of oxygen, and in vary- 
ing quantity in the atmosphere supposed to affect the 
health of man. Schonbein considers that oxygen exists 
in three different allotropic conditions, two of which 
are active and in opposition to each other. These are 
ozone and antozone, equal quantities of which neu- 
tralize each other and form inactive or neutral oxygen. 
Ozone is considered by some to be oxygen condensed 
to two-thirds its bulk, when it possesses remarkable 
oxidizing properties. Air containing ozone is said to 
be ozonized. 0. car'rier, red blood-corpuscle. 
Ozo'nic e'ther. Solution of hydrogen dioxide in 
ether; has been used internally in diabetes and other 
diseases; locally antiseptic. 
Ozonized, o'zon-ized. Containing ozone. 0. e'ther, 
solution of hydrogen peroxide in ether containing a 
little alcohol; used in form of spray as disinfectant. 
Ozonometer, o-zon-om'et-ur (ozo, to smell, metron, 
measure). Instrument for determining the presence 
of, and quality of, ozone. 
Ozostomia, o-zo-stom'e-ah (oze, stench, stoma, 
mouth). Offensive breath. p 
PAD 
805 
p. 
P. A contraction of phosphorus; optic papilla; 
pars, part; pilula, pill; pondere, by weight; pugillus, 
handful; pulvis, powder; pupil. See Abbreviations. 
Pabulin, pab'u-lin. Substance present in blood, 
usually immediately following digestion, containing 
fat in emulsion with albumen. 
Pab'ulum. Food; aliment. Animal heat and an- 
mal spirits-unmeaning terms-were formerly con- 
sidered the pabulum vitae, as oxygen is eminently so 
regarded by many. 
Pac'ay. Prosopis dulcis. 
Pacchio'ni, cor'puscles ot glands of. Pacchionian 
bodies or granulations (after Pacchioni, an Italian 
anatomist). Small whitish or yellowish bodies, some- 
times separate, at others united like a bunch of grapes, 
observed in several parts of the dura and pia mater. 
They receive vessels, but apparently no nerves; their 
texture and uses are unknown. A considerable num- 
ber is observed in the longitudinal sinus covered by 
the internal membrane. 
Pacchionian (pak-ke-o'ne-an) depressions or fos'- 
sse. Small pit-like depressions for Pacchionian bodies 
found on the cerebral surface of the cranium near the 
longitudinal sinus. 
Pachsemia, pak-e'me-ah (pachy, haima, blood). 
Too great thickness of the blood. 
Pacheableph'ara or Pacheablepharosis, pak-e-ah- 
blef-ar-o'sis (pachy, blepharon, eyelid). Thickening 
and hardening of the eyelids produced by tubercles 
or excrescences formed on their margins. 
Pach'etos. See Laqueus. 
Pachira (pak'ir-ah) insig'nis. Plant of Guiana; 
an infusion of the bark of the root is applied in 
toothache and in ulceration of the gums; the flowers 
and leaves possess emollient properties; the kernels 
of the fruit are edible. 
Pachismus, pak-iz'mus (pachus, thick). Thicken- 
ing. Obesity. 
Pachulo'sis (pachulos, thick). Pachylosis. 
Pachu'na. Coccus cordifolia. 
Pach'y (pachus, thick). In composition, thick. 
Pachyacria, pak-e-ak're-ah. Condition in which 
hypertrophy of a part exists. 
Pachyae'mia. Pachsemia. 
Pachybleph'aron. Pacheablepharosis. 
Pachycephalia, pak-e-sef-al'e-ah (pachy, kephale, 
head). Condition of skull in which the walls are 
unusually thickened. 
Pachycephal'ic. Having an unusually thickened 
skull. 
Pachycephalus, pak-e-sef'al-us (pachy, kephale). 
Thick head, due to synostosis of parietal and occipital 
bones. 
Pachychol'ia (pachy, chole, bile). Morbid thickness 
of the bile. 
Pachychymla, pak-e-kim'e-ah. State in which the 
fluids of the body are thickened. 
Pachydactylous, pak-e-dak'til-us (pachus, thick, 
daktulos, finger). Thick-fingered. 
Pachy der'ma vul'vae. Elephantiasis of the vulva. 
Pachydermatocele, pak-e-dur-mat-o-se'le (Eng. 
pak-e-dur'mat-o-seel) (pachy, derma, skin, keZe, tumor). 
Disease of the dermoid tissue, apparently congenital, 
which increases at times from a small mole or spot to 
the size and appearance of a relaxed and very ema- 
ciated mamma. 
Pachydermatous, pak-e-duFmat-us. Having a 
thick skin. 
Pachyder'mia. Thickening of the skin. Elephant- 
iasis; myxoedema. P. lactif'lua, elephantiasis with 
discharge of lymph. P. 1. scro'ti, lymph-scrotum. 
P. laryn'gis, papillary growth in larynx. P. lym- 
pangiectat'ica, lymph-scrotum. P. verruco'sa, 
thickened, warty growth. 
Pachylo'sis (pachus, thick). An inordinate pro- 
duction of the epidermis dependent upon hypertrophy 
of the papillae of the skin. Pachylosis epidermica is a 
form of the disease attacking the palms and soles of 
the feet. 
Pach'yma co'cos. Lycoperdon solidum. 
Pachymenia, pak-e-men'e-ah (pachy, humen, mem- 
brane). Thickening of the skin. 
Pachymen'ic. Thick-skinned. 
Pachymeningitis, pak-e-men-in-je'tis (pachymen- 
inx, dura mater, itis, inflammation). Perimeningitis. 
Inflammation of the dura mater. Hsematoma of the 
dura mater is a blood-sac, resulting from chronic 
pachymeningitis, with hemorrhagic exudation. P. 
acu'ta, acute, usually suppurative, form. P. chron'- 
ica or inter'na, chronic form, causing thickening 
of membrane by new formation of connective tissue. 
P. c. hsemorrhag'ica, chronic form with hemorrhage 
from newly-formed blood-vessels. P. exter'na, fibrous 
thickening of dura mater with adhesion to the skull. 
P. hypertroph'ica, chronic thickening of the dura 
mater, usually in the cervical portion of the spinal 
cord; hypertrophic cervical pachymeningitis. P. in- 
ter'na, P. chronica. 
Pachymen'inx (pachy, meninx, membrane). Dura 
mater. 
Pachyn'sis (pachuno, to make thick), Thickening. 
Obesity. 
Pachyn'tic. Relating to unnatural induration or 
thickening of a part or organ. 
Pachyn'tica. Agents that produce abnormal thick- 
ening of a part. 
Pachypelviperitoni'tls. Pelvic peritonitis with 
membranous deposits over the uterus. 
Pachyperitonitis, pak-e-per-e-ton-e'tis (pachus, 
thick, peritonaion, peritoneum). Peritonitis in which 
new membranes are formed and the peritoneum be- 
comes thickened. P., hemorrhag'ic, peritonitis in 
which vessels form in new membrane which rup- 
ture readily, thus giving rise to circumscribed hem- 
orrhage. 
Pachypodous (pak-ip'od-us) or Pach'ypous (pachus, 
pous, foot). Thick-footed or having a thick stipes. 
Pachyrrhizus (pak-ir-rhiz'us) (pachus, rhisa, root) 
angula'tus. Yaka or wayaka of the Fiji Islanders; 
roots are edible and employed in the East Indies as 
refrigerant in febrile affections. 
Pachys'mus (pachus, thick). Polysarcia adiposa. 
Pach'ytes (pachutes, thickness). Pacheablepha- 
rosis. 
Pachytic, pak-it'ik. Thick; obese. 
Pacinian (pa-sin'e-an) cor'puscles (after Pacini). 
See Corpuscles. Terminal nerve-organs found in many 
situations, especially hands, feet, and mesentery; oval 
in form, composed of lamellae of connective tissue 
surrounding a soft core where the axis-cylinder of 
the nerve ends in a bulbar enlargement. 
Paci'ni's meth'od. See Artificial respiration. 
Means of reducing bodily temperature by closely 
enveloping the body in wet cloths with dry sheets or 
blankets outside of them. 
Pack. Packing. 
Pack'ing. Wrapping or packing in dry or wet 
sheets-dry packing or wet packing-practised by 
the hydropathists to induce sweating. 
Pack'thread stric'ture. See Stricture. 
Pack'wax. See Nucha, 
Pacquelin's (pak'lan's) caut'ery. See Cautery. 
Paculosis, pak-u-lo'sis. Pachylosis. P. epider'mica, 
see Pachylosis. 
Pad. A cushion, a little cushion, a junk. Small 
bag filled with feathers, wool, hair, bran, chaff, etc., 
used to compress or support parts. In the treatment 
of certain fractures, soft pads or cushions are placed 
between the splint and the fractured limb, in order 
that the prominent parts may not be chafed by the PADNOON 
splints. See Truss. P. of cor'pus callo'sum, posterior 
flexure of corpus callosum. 
Pad'noon. Bitnoben. 
Pa'dus (pados, oar). Prunus padus. P. a'vium, 
Prunus padus. P. laurocer'asus, Prunus lauro- 
cerasus. 
P. AS. A contraction of partes sequales. See Ab- 
breviations. 
Paedanchone, pe-dank'o-ne (psedo, ancho, to stran- 
gle). Fatal species of cynanche, probably cynanche 
trachealis or cynanche maligna. 
Paedarthrocace, pe-dar-throk'as-e (pzedo. arthroc- 
ace). Fungous inflammation of joints in children; 
necrotic ulceration or scrofulous necrosis. See Spina 
ventosa. 
Paedatrophia, pe-dat-ro'fe-ah (psedo, a, priv., trophe, 
nourishment). Atrophy of children; tabes mesen- 
terica. P. glandulo'sa, scrofula. 
Paederastia, pe-der-as'te-ah (psedo, eros, love). 
Pederasty; love of boys; a disgraceful passion com- 
mon in ancient times particularly. Term likewise 
applied to the crime of sodomy. 
Paederas'tic. Eelating or appertaining to paeder- 
astia. 
Paede'ria foe'tida. Climbing shrub, ord. Cin- 
chonaceae, native of India, China, and Japan; fruit 
of an offensive odor when bruised; root is said to be 
emetic. 
Paedero'ta Virgin'ica. Leptandra Virginica. 
Paedia, pe-de'ah. Bringing up or education-phys- 
ical as well as moral-of children. 
Paediatria, pe-de-at-re'ah (psedo, iatreia, medical 
management). Paediatrics. Treatment of the diseases 
and preservation of the health of children. 
Paediat'rics. Paediatria. 
Paediat'rophy. Part of hygiene which treats of 
the rearing of children. 
Paedica'tio (psedico, to commit paederastia). Pae- 
derastia. 
Pae'dicl (morbi). Developmental affections of 
children, as malformations and teething. 
Paedicterus, pe-dik'ter-us (psedo, icterus, jaundice). 
Jaundice of very young children. 
Paediom'eter or Paedom'eter (psedo, metron, meas- 
ure). Baromacrometer. 
Pae'dion or Pae'dium. Young child. 
Paediop'athy. Pathology of children. 
Pae'do (pais, child). In composition, child, boy. 
Paedobaromacrometer, pe-do-bar-o-mak-rom'e-tur 
(psedo, bar os, weight, makros, large, metron, measure). 
Baromacrometer. 
Paedogen'esis (psedo, genesis, production). Sexual 
reproduction during larval state of parent. 
Paedonosology, pe-do-no-zol'o-je (psedo, nosos, dis- 
ease, logos, discourse). Treatise on or discussion of 
the diseases of children. 
Paedon'osus (psedo, nosos, disease). A disease of 
childhood. 
Paedop'athy (psedo, pathos, disease). Pathology of 
children. 
Paadophlebotomia, pe-do-fleb-o-tom'e-ah (psedo, 
phleps, vein, tome, incision). Bleeding performed on 
children. 
Paedoph'lysis (psedo, phlusis, boiling over). Pem- 
phigus in infants. 
Paedophthisis, pe-do-te'sis (psedo, phthisis, wasting). 
Marasamus or tabes in children. 
Paedop'yra America'na. Cholera infantum. 
Paedostathmion, pe-do-stath'me-on (psedo, stath- 
mion, measure). Scale for weighing infants. 
Paedot'ribes (psedo, tribo, to train). Minister gym- 
nastse. In ancient gymnastics the officer acquainted 
with all the prescribed exercises, and who carried 
them into effect according to the direction of a 
superior. 
Paedotrophium, pe-do-trof'e-um (psedo, trepho, to 
nourish). Infant asylum ; foundling hospital. 
Paedotrophy, pe-dot'rof-e (psedo, trophe, nourish- 
ment). Psediotrophy. The part of hygiene which 
concerns the rearing of children. 
Paeeos'yne. Medicine. 
806 
PAINT 
Pseon (Paion, the god of physic). Physician. 
Pseo'nia (Paion, the god of physic). Peony or Piony, 
male and female, ord. Ranunculacese. P. montan, 
Chinese species, used for congestions, haemorrhage, and 
menstrual disorders; believed to be abortifacient. P. 
officina'lis, common peony of Europe, cultivated for 
ornament; root, flower, and seeds are officinal in Cod.; 
ancient antispasmodic and emmenagogue remedy; 
used as a charm in epilepsy. 
Pseo'nice (Paionike tecline, medical art). Medicine. 
Pseo'nicus. Medical; healing. 
Pseo'nis. Medicine. 
Paeo'nius. Medical. 
Paeony, pe'on-e. Paeonia. 
Pagapoplex'ia (pagos, icy coldness, apoplexia, apo- 
plexy). Apoplexy from cold. 
Pagenstecher's ointment. Yellow oxide of mer- 
cury, gr. j-iij, to vaseline, 3j. Employed in ophthal- 
mic practice. 
Paget's (paj'et's) disease. Psorospermiasis of the 
nipple; parasitic disease resembling eczema, having 
a tendency to terminate in cancer of the breast. 
Hypertrophic deformative osteitis. 
Pagiorrheumatism, pag-e-or-rhu'mat-izm (pagios, 
firm). Rheumatism, chronic. 
Paglia'ri's hsemostat'ic or styp'tic. See Haemo- 
static, Pagliari's. 
Pagoplexia, pag-o-pleks'e-ah (pagos, ice, plege, a 
stroke). Frost-bite; pernio. 
Pa'gos. Peritoneum; pellicle. Icy coldness. 
Paica. Chenopodium ambrosioides. 
Pald'ia. Infancy. 
Paidiaph'tha (paidion, little child, aphtha!). Aph- 
thae or thrush of infants. 
Paid'ici. Paedici. 
Paid'ion. A young child. 
Paidonosology (pais, child, nosos, disease, logos, 
discourse). Discourse on or discussion of diseases of 
children. 
Paigil. Primula veris. 
Pail system. Goux system, for collection and re- 
moval of night-soil. 
Pain. Ache, Misery (especially a constant annoying 
pain or suffering). Disagreeable sensation, difficult to 
define; generally symptomatic; called acute when 
sharp and violent; when short and sudden, a twinge; 
and when more violent, a pang ; pungent when it re- 
sembles that which would be produced by a sharp in- 
strument run into the part; heavy when attended with 
a sensation of weight; tensive, when the part seems 
distended; lancinating, when occurring in shoots; lac- 
erating or tearing, when the part seems to be tearing ; 
burning, when resembling that produced by a burn, 
etc., causalgia, of which most distressing cases have 
been observed after gunshot wounds. P., sun, hemi- 
crania. 
Pain'ful. Full of pain. P. point, point or points 
on a neuralgic surface, at various points in the course 
of the affected nerves, especially sensitive to pressure. 
P. subcuta'neous tu'mor, small and very painful, 
allied to neuromata. 
Pains. Labor-pains. Uneasy sensations accompany- 
ing labor, and owing to uterine contraction. Pains 
that precede actual delivery, and are simply employed 
in dilating the os uteri, are called grinding; those 
which extrude the child, forcing. Those which take 
place in the first days after delivery, and are em- 
ployed in forcing away coagula, etc., are termed after- 
pains. " To take a pain," " To try a pain," is to make 
an examination per vaginam, during labor, to discover 
its progress, character, etc. P., af'ter, see Pains. P., 
false, pains that take place before delivery, and are 
not caused by parturient contractions of the uterus. 
P., gnaw'ing, pains resembling what might be pro- 
duced by the gnawing of an animal. 
Paint (pingo, to paint). Name given to different 
substances employed for embellishing the complexion 
or rendering the skin softer. The substances most 
commonly used for this purpose are: Subnitrate of 
bismuth; a spirituous solution of benzoin, precipitated 
by water and forming Virgin's milk; the red or rouge PAINTED TRILLIUM 
of the carthamus, Spanish white; the oxides of lead, 
tin, and mercury, vermilion, red saunders, etc. All 
paints may be said to be noxious; they injure the 
skin, obstruct perspiration, and thus frequently lay 
the foundation for cutaneous affections. See Cosmetic. 
To paint a surface is to cover it with some topical ap- 
plication, as with iodine to an inflamed part. P., 
In'dian, Hydrastis Canadensis, Sanguinaria Canaden- 
sis. P., i'odine, see Iodine. P., yel'low, Hydrastis 
Canadensis. 
Paint'ed tril'lium. Trillium erythrocarpum. 
Paint'er's col'ic. Lead colic in painters. 
Pairs of nerves. Two nerves of opposite sides 
arising from homologous areas of the cerebrospinal 
axis. 
Pais. Boy. 
Pajanelia (pah-jan-el'e-ah) Rheed'ii. Tree of south 
of India ; leaves and bark of root and stem are used 
externally in abscesses and cedematous conditions. 
Pa'la. Name given to syphilis in the Hawaiian 
Islands. 
Pal'ad. Vertex. 
Pala'da. Alopecia, especially that due to syphilis. 
Palaeontol'ogy. Paleontology. 
Palses'tra (palaestra, a place for wrestling). Gym- 
nasium. 
Pal'ame. Palm. 
Palamosyphilolepsia, pal-am-o-sif-il-o-lep'se-ah 
(palame, syphilis, lepis, scale). Syphiloderm of palm 
of hand. 
Palampissa, pal-am-pis'sah. Black pitch. 
Pa'las ki'no. Bengal kino. 
Pal'atal. Palatine. P. in'dex, relation between 
maximum breadth and maximum length of hard 
palate, latter taken as 100. P. pro'cess, ingrowth 
from maxillary plate of embryo, meeting its fellow 
on median line to form the palate. 
Pal'ate. Roof of the mouth; Hard palate. Upper 
part of the cavity of the mouth ; a kind of parabolic 
vault formed by the two superior maxillse and the 
two palate-bones, covered with a thick and dense 
mucous membrane; bounded before and at the sides 
by the superior dental arch, and behind by the velum 
palati. A whitish line runs along the middle from 
before backward, at the anterior extremity of which 
is a tubercle corresponding to the inferior orifice of 
the anterior palatine canal. The arteries of the palate 
and corresponding gums proceed from the palatine, 
alveolar, infraorbitar, labial, and buccal branches. 
Veins follow a similar course. Nerves are given off 
from the palatine, facial, infraorbitar, superior dental, 
and from the naso-palatine ganglion. P., artific'ial, 
Obturator for the palate. A plate of tortoise-shell, sil- 
ver, vulcanite, etc. used to close a deficiency of the 
palate. P. bone, small bone of an irregular shape, 
situate at the posterior part of the nasal fossae and 
palate. It seems formed by the union of two bony 
plates joined at right angles to each other, so that 
one is inferior and horizontal, the other superior and 
vertical. The horizontal or palatine portion or 
plate, arch of the palate, os quadratum of the an- 
cients, is quadrilateral. Upper surface forms part of 
the nasal fossae; the lower forms part of the palatine 
arch and contains the inferior orifice of the posterior 
palatine canal. Its anterior edge is articulated with 
the palatine process of the superior maxilla; the 
posterior is free and sharp, gives attachment to the 
velum palati, and presents an eminence which, 
when joined with one on the opposite side, forms 
the posterior nasal spine. Inner edge is articulated 
with the corresponding bone; its outer is confound- 
ed with the vertical portion. The vertical or as- 
cending portion has the form of a long square. The 
inner surface forms part of the outer paries of the 
nasal fossae. The outer surface is unequal, and is 
articulated with the superior maxilla; behind it 
presents a vertical groove, which forms part of the 
posterior palatine canal, and, above all, a small free 
surface which looks into the zygomatic fossa. Its an- 
terior edge is united with the superior maxilla; the 
posterior is unequal, and rests on the internal ala of 
807 
PALATINE 
the pterygoid process. The angle which it forms by 
uniting with the posterior edge of the horizontal por- 
tion presents a very prominent pyramidal eminence, 
called the tuberosity of the palate-bone. Its upper 
margin is surmounted by two eminences: the one, 
anterior, orbitar process; the other, posterior, sphe- 
noid process. These two processes are separated by an 
almost circular notch, which the sphenoid bone forms 
into a foramen, the sphenopalatine. This bone ap- 
pears to be developed from a single point of ossifica- 
tion. It is articulated with the sphenoid, ethmoid, 
the cornua sphenoidalia, superior maxilla, the infe- 
rior spongy bone, the vomer, and its fellow. P., cleft, 
see Hare-lip. P., falling down of the, inflammation 
of the uvula. P., false, see Palate, artificial. P., fis'- 
sured, see Hare-lip. P., hard, palate. P. pro'cess, 
part of superior maxilla forming anterior portion of 
hard palate. P., soft, velum pendulum palati. P., 
split, see Hare-lip. 
Pal'atine. Palatal, Palatic. Relating to the palate. 
P. arches, see Arches of the palate. P. or Pal'atal ar'- 
teries, two in number: 1. Superior palatal, palatine, 
or palatomaxillary artery, which leaves the internal 
maxillary behind the top of the orbit, descends into the 
pterygomaxillary fissure, and enters the posterior max- 
illary canal. Its branches are distributed to the velum 
palati and the nasal fossae. 2. The inferior or ascend- 
ing palatine or palatal, which is very small, and sepa- 
rates from the facial near its origin, passes along the 
lateral and superior part of the pharynx, between 
the pillars of the velum palati, and divides into a 
number of ramusculi, which are distributed to the 
pharynx, the corresponding tonsil, the Eustachian 
tube, and the velum palati. P. but'tonhole, an open- 
ing made in the soft palate for the removal of naso- 
pharyngeal polypus. P. canals' or ducts, two in 
number: the anterior Incisive canal, situate at the 
anterior part of the palatine arch, and formed by the 
two superior maxillae. It is single beneath, but opens 
above by two apertures, one into each nasal fossa 
(canals of Stenson). The foramen is called Foramen 
incisivum. The posterior palatine canal, situate at the 
posterior part of the palate, is formed by the palate 
and superior maxilla, ascends between these two 
bones, and in its course gives rise to two or three 
small accessory palatine canals, which open above the 
tuberosity of the palate-bone, the outer being some- 
times called external palatine canal. It transmits the 
nerves and vessels which bear its name. The fora- 
men is called F. palatinum posterius. P. cells, eth- 
moid cells formed by union with the palate-bone. 
P. fos'sse, inferior palatine canal. P. glands, numer- 
ous small racemose glands, which abound especially 
on the upper surface of tbe palate and also in the 
uvula. P. mem'brane, the fibro-mucous membrane 
lining the palate or roof of the mouth. P. or Pal'a- 
tal nerves, three in number, arise from the inferior 
part of the sphenopalatine ganglion: 1. Great pal- 
atine, situate anteriorly to the two others, descends 
into the posterior palatine canal; gives a Nasal 
filament and a Staphyline filament, and is distributed 
on the palate. 2. Middle palatine, arising behind the 
preceding, enters one of the accessory palatine canals 
and is distributed to the tonsils and velum palati. 3. 
Little palatine nerve, situate still farther back than the 
last, which loses itself by several filaments in the 
uvula, tonsils, and follicles of the palatine membrane. 
P. pro'cess of supe'rior maxil'la, palate process. P. 
ridges, tense eminences of mucous membrane of hard 
palate, less marked in adult than in foetus and lower 
animals, being in the latter important masticating 
organs; a median ridge is the raphe; others run ob- 
liquely backward from incisor teeth. P. sec'tor, area 
in median plane of skull between lines drawn from 
hormion to staphylion and to alveolar point (Lis- 
sauer). P. spine, nasal spine, posterior; see Nasal 
spine. P. ster'tor, see Stertor. P. su'ture, suture 
formed by union in median line of palate-bones be- 
hind and palate processes of superior maxillary in 
front. P. s., trans'verse, between horizontal plates 
of palate-bones behind and palate processes of supe- PALATIN US 
rior maxilla in front. P. trigone, small triangular 
space at the junction of the zygomatic surface of the 
superior maxillary bone with the nasal and orbital 
surfaces, on which the orbital plate of the palate rests. 
P. veins, those supplying soft palate; inferior p. v. is 
tributary to the facial; superior, to internal maxillary. 
Palatinus, pal-at-e'nus. Palatine. 
Palatitis, pal-at-e'tis. Inflammation of the palate. 
Palatoglos'sal fold. Anterior pillar of fauces. 
Palatoglos'sus. Glossostaphylinus. 
Palatognathus, pal-at-o-nath'us (palato, gnathos, 
jaw). One having congenital cleft palate. 
Palatola'bial. Relating to palate and lips. 
Palatomax'illary arch. Maxillary arch. P. ar'tery, 
superior palatine artery. 
Palatopharynge'al. Relating to palate and phar- 
ynx. P. fold, posterior pillar of fauces. 
Palatopharyngeus (pal-at-o-far-in-je'us) or Pala'- 
to - pharyn'go - larynge'us. Membranous muscle, 
broader at its middle than at its extremities, situate 
vertically in the lateral paries of the pharynx and 
velum palati. It includes the peristaphylopharyngeus, 
pharyngostaphylinus, and thyrostaphylinus of Wins- 
low. When the palatopharyngei contract together 
they depress the velum, elevate and shorten the 
pharynx, and act principally in deglutition. 
Pal'atoplasty (palato, plasso, to form). Operation 
for closing the palatine vault. 
Palatoplegia, pal-at-o-plej'e-ah (palatum, palate, 
plege, stroke). Paralysis of the palate. 
Palator'rhaphy (palato, rhaphe, suture). Operation 
for uniting a cleft palate. 
Palatosalpingeus, pal-at-o-sal-pin'je-us. Circum- 
flexus. 
Palatos'chisis (palato, schisis, cleft). Cleft palate. 
Palatostaphyli'ni. See Azygos muscle. 
Pal'ato-uvula'ris. Azygos uvulae. 
Pala'tum. Palate. P. du'rum, see Palate. P. fis'sum, 
fissure of the palate; see Hare-lip. P. mo'bile, ve- 
lum pendulum palati. P. mol'le, velum pendulum 
palati. P. os'seum, see Palate. P. pen'dulum, velum 
pendulum palati. 
Pale. Pallid, whitish. P. bark, pale cinchona. P. 
cat'echu, see Gambier. P. cincho'na, term applied on 
account of color of powder to several commercial 
varieties of cinchona bark, principally Cinchona offi- 
cinalis, C. nitida, and C. micrantha. It contains much 
larger proportion of cinchonine and quinidine or cin- 
chonidine than of quinine. P. lau'rel, Kai m i a glauca. 
P. rose, petals of Rosa centifolia, used in various 
forms as a fragrant vehicle. 
Pa'le (pale, dust). Pollen. 
Pa'lea Cabot'ii. A fern of Java, the delicate fila- 
ments of which, derived from the stipes, act as me- 
chanical styptics. 
Pale'ness. Whiteness of complexion; it appears 
to be owing to a diminution or alteration of the blood 
circulating in the capillary vessels; often a sign of 
disease. 
Paleontology, pa-le-on-tol'o-je (palaios, old, onta, 
beings, logos, discourse). Discussion on ancient or- 
ganisms or fossils. 
Pa'll plague. See Plague. 
Palicour'ea cro'cea. Ord. Cinchonacese, a native 
of the West Indies; emetic. P. diuret'ica, native of 
Brazil; leaves are employed in dropsy and erysipelas; 
fruits are poisonous. P. Marcgrav'il, native of Brazil; 
poisonous, and employed there to kill rats and mice. 
P. officina'lis, native of Brazil; reputed to be a pow- 
erful diuretic in small doses. P. specio'sa, Goldshrub, 
native of New Granada and Brazil; leaves are con- 
sidered to be antisyphilitic; decoction in large doses 
is poisonous. P. stre'pens, native of Brazil; fruit is 
poisonous, and has diuretic properties; leaves are 
employed similar to those of Palicourea officinalis. 
P. tincto'ria, Psychotria tinctoria. 
Palicoureatannic (pal-e-koo-re-ah-tan'nik) ac'id. 
Acid derived from Palicourea Marcgravii. 
Palicouric (pal-e-koo'rik) acid. Acid derived from 
Palicourea Marcgravii, with an acid taste, and occur- 
ring in needle shape; soluble in water, and non-toxic. 
808 
PALMAR 
Palicourine, pal-e-koor'een. Substance derived 
from Palicourea Marcgravii. 
Palil'lo. Campomanesia lineatifolia. 
Palim'bolus (palim, again, ballo, to throw). Very 
changeable. 
Palimpis'sa (palimpissa, pitch reboiled,palim, again, 
pissa, pitch). Pinus sylvestris. 
Palincote'sis (palin, again, kotos, animosity). In- 
crease of a disease after temporary remission. 
Palindrome (pal-in'drom-e) or Palindrom'ia (palin, 
again, dromos, course). Eeflux of fluids from the ex- 
terior toward the interior. Eelapse of an affection- 
the recurrence of a paroxysm or disease. 
Palingenesis, pal-in-gen'es-is (palin, again, genesis, 
generation). Eegeneration. 
Palinod'ia (palin, again, hodos, way). Bending back- 
ward ; relapse. 
Palirrhcea, pal-ir-rhe'ah (palin, again, rhoia, dis- 
charge). Eecurrence of a mucous flux. 
Paliuri bacca, pal-e-u're bak'ke. Fruits of Eham- 
nus catharticus. 
Pal'la. Mortar and pestle. 
Palla'dium. Bare metal, the chloride of which, 
when given internally for a long time, is said to pro- 
duce albuminuria and renal disease. 
Pal'lat. Vertex. 
Pallia'tion (pallium, cover or mask, garment, man- 
tle). Act of palliating; that is, of causing the symp- 
toms of a disease to mitigate, without curing it. The 
medical art can frequently only moderate the symp- 
toms of a disease, prevent it from making progress, 
prolong the days of the patient, and diminish his suf- 
fering. This is palliative treatment. 
Pal'liative. Antipathic, Enantiopathic. Eemedy or 
mode of treatment which only relieves a disease, 
without curing it. Placed in antithesis to the radical 
treatment. See Palliation and Radical. 
PalTid. Pale. 
Pallid'ulus (dim. of Pallidus, pale). Albino. Pale- 
ness of the skin or of a wound. 
Pal'lidus mor'bus. Chlorosis. 
Pal'lium cer'ebri. Mantle (of the brain). See 
Mantle. 
Pal'lor. Paleness. P. cu'tis, pallor of the skin. 
P. defec'tu san'guinis, pallor resulting from loss of 
blood. P. lu'teus, chlorosis. P. morbo'sus, pallor 
caused by disease. P. vir'ginum, chlorosis. 
Palm. Thenar. The hollow or inside of the hand ; 
limited without by the thenar eminence, which an- 
swers for the thumb; within, by the hypothenar em- 
inence, which answers to the little finger; above, by 
the wrist-joint; and below, by the four fingers. P. 
but'ter or P. oil, bland, butter-like fixed oil; orange- 
yellow, agreeable odor; from outer coating of fruit 
of Elais Guineensis; see P. butter and Cocos butyracea. 
P. gomuto, see Toddy. P. sugar, jaggery, made from 
juice of various species of palm. P. wax, vegetable 
wax from bark of Ceroxylon andicola, a South Ameri- 
can palm. 
Pal'ma. Palm. P. Chris'ti (palm of Christ), Eicinus 
communis. P. Co'cos, Cocos nucifera. P. dactylif'era, 
date tree. P. hu'milis, Musa paradisiaca. P. In'dica 
vina'ria secun'da, see Toddy. P. ma'nus, palm of 
hand. P. unguentario'rum, myrobalanus. 
Pal'mae u'teri plicat'ae (palma, branch of a tree). 
Arborescent striae in the interior of the cervix uteri. 
Pal'mar (palma, palm). Concerning the palm of 
the hand. The palm has sometimes been divided 
into three regions called palmar: External, cor- 
responding to the thenar eminence; Internal, formed 
by the hypothenar eminence; and Middle, the hol- 
low of the hand. P. aponeuro'sis, Palmar fascia, 
strong triangular aponeurosis arising from the inferior 
tendon of the palmaris brevis and the anterior annu- 
lar ligament of the carpus; covering the whole palm 
of the hand, and adhering somewhat strongly to the 
skin of the part. It divides into processes which 
pass to the bases of all the digits; see Sulcus digitalis 
anterior, Sulcus digitalis posterior, Sulcus longitudinalis, 
and Sulcus pollicis. The palmar ligaments are small, very 
numerous fibrous fasciae which unite the different PALMARES INTEROSSEI 
bones of the carpus and metacarpus. P. arch'es, 
curved extremities of the radial and cubital arteries 
in the palm of the hand. There are two: the cubital 
or superficial furnishes at its convexity toward the 
fingers the collateral arteries of the fingers and the 
internal collateral of the thumb; the radial, profound 
or deep-seated, is deep in the palm of the hand, be- 
neath the tendons of the flexor muscles of the finger, 
and gives some small branches only to the surround- 
ing parts. The palmar veins accompany the corre- 
sponding arteries. P. ar'teries, see Palmar arches. P. 
cuta'neous nerve, branch from median, arising above 
the wrist, supplies the integument of the palm. P. 
dig'ital ar'teries, branches from superficial palmar 
arch, the inner supplying the ulnar side of the little 
fingers, three others passing in intermetacarpal spaces 
to the roots of the fingers, where they divide into 
collateral digital arteries. P. fas'cia, palmar aponeu- 
rosis. P. folds, lines upon skin of palm shaped like 
capital Jf, caused by movement of muscles of hand. 
P. interos'seous ar'teries, branches of deep palmar 
arch in interosseous spaces, joining palmar digital ar- 
teries. P. interos'seous mus'cles, see Interosseous 
muscles. P. lig'aments, see Palmar aponeurosis and 
Digital fibro-cartilages. P. mus'cles, three in number: 
1. Palmaris magnus, long fusiform muscle which passes 
obliquely from the inner tuberosity of the humerus 
to the upper extremity of the second metacarpal 
bone; it bends the hand; 2. Palmaris longus, situate 
on the inner side of the last; very slender, and 
passes from the inner tuberosity of the humerus 
to the anterior annular ligament of the carpus and 
to the palmar aponeurosis, which it seems to form by 
the vanishing of its fibres; stretches the palmar 
aponeurosis and bends the hand; 3. Palmaris brevis, 
small, thin, quadrilateral muscle, situate before the 
thenar eminence; passes from the annular ligament 
of the carpus to the integuments of the palm of the 
hand, which wrinkles by its contraction. P. nerves, 
branches of ulnar, accompanying deep palmar arch. 
P. veins, see Palmar arches. 
Palma'res interos'sei. See Interosseous muscles. 
Palma'ris anti'cus. See Palmar muscles. P. bre'vis 
or P. cuta'neus, see Palmar muscles. P. inter'nus, see 
Palmar muscles. P. lon'gus, see Palmar muscles. P. 
lon'gus bicauda'tus, variation of P. longus, having 
two tendons of insertion. P. mag'nus, see Palmar 
muscles. 
Palmarosa (pal-mar-o'sah) oil. Oil derived from 
Andropogon Schoenanthus; is added to attar of roses 
for purposes of adulteration. 
Palmata, pal-mat'ah. Palma Christi. 
Pal'matin or Pal'mitin. Solid, crystallizable fat 
occurring in medullary sheath of nerves. 
Pal'mature. Condition in which the fingers are 
united, either as a congenital deformity or the result 
of burns or injuries. 
Palmella, pal-mel'lah. Algae division of the Cya- 
nophyceaj. P. cruen'ta, gory dew; alga occurring 
on sides of wells or on water. P. febri'lis, alga oc- 
curring on marshes; spores are reputed to give rise 
to intermittent fever. P. prodigio'sa, bacillus pro- 
digiosus. 
Palmellin, pal-mel'lin. Substance giving red color 
to palmella cruenta, resembling haemoglobin. 
Palmet'to. Genus of palms. Palmae. P. saw, 
Chamaerops serratula. 
Pal'micus. Pertaining to palpitation or pulsation. 
Palmil'la. Palmella. 
Pal'mipede (palma, pes, foot). Web-footed. 
Pal'mistry (palma, palm of hand). Chiromancy. 
Palmit'ic ac'id. Colorless, odorless, tasteless solid, 
existing in free state in old palm oil, sometimes in 
pus from gangrenous parts, and in combination with 
glyceryl of palmitin. 
Pal'mitin. Tripalmitate of glyceryl; occurs in 
palm oil and other liquid oils, as well as in butter 
and human fat. 
Pal'moscopy (palmos, palpitation, skopeo, to view). 
Investigation of the beating of the heart and pulse. 
Prognosis from the beating of the heart and pulse. 
809 
PALPEBRAL 
Palmospasmus, pal-mo-spaz'mus (palmos, spasmos). 
Violent clonic spasm. P., elec'tric, palmospasmus 
following electrical stimulation, occurring in progress- 
ive muscular atrophy. 
Palmos'sei. Palmar interosseous muscles. See 
Interosseous muscles. 
Pal'mus. Palpitation; twitching; convulsive tic. 
Pulsation; subsultus. P. cor'dls, palpitation. P. 
plumba'rius, metallic colic. P. vom/itus, vomiting. 
Pa'lo armago'za. Bitter tree of Texas. Roots and 
stems have been employed in diarrhoea and dysen- 
tery. P. de calentu'ras (S.), fever wood, calenturas, 
cinchona. P. de campe'che, haematoxylon. P. del 
muer'to, Ipomcea muricoides. P. san'to, Guaiacum 
officinale. P. de vac'ca, galactodendron. P. de ve'las, 
Parmentiera cerifera. 
Palpate, pal'pate. To explore diseases by palpa- 
tion. 
Palpa'tion (palpo, to feel). Sense of touch. Also 
the mode of exploring diseases by feeling or pressing 
upon the diseased organ with the fingers of one hand 
or of both hands. A delicate and discriminating touch 
-tactus eruditus-is important in the diagnosis of 
many morbid conditions. P., abdom'ino-vagi'nal, 
palpation of the pelvic organs by introducing the 
finger into the vagina and placing the hand over the 
abdominal region. P., biman'ual, see Examination, 
bimanual. 
Palpatom'etry (palpo, to feel, metron, measure). Es- 
timation of degree of tenderness over particular 
areas by means of an instrument giving graduated 
pressure. 
Pal'pebra. The Eyelid. Two movable vela situate 
in front of the eye, which, by their separation, per- 
mit the organ to receive the impression of light, or 
by their greater or less occlusion protect it from the 
influence of too great light or from the action of ex- 
traneous bodies; separated above from the forehead 
by the eyebrows, and confounded below with the 
cheeks. The upper eyelid is much broader and more 
movable than the lower. They are separated by a 
transverse cleft, Fissura or Rima palpebrarum, and their 
edges are thick and furnished with the cilia or eye- 
lashes. Supported by the tarsal cartilages, they unite 
at the extremities of the transverse diameter of the 
orbit, forming two angles, the innermost being called 
the greater angle of the eye or inner or greater canthus ; 
the other, the lesser or external angle or canthus. When 
brought together a triangular space is left between 
their posterior surfaces and the conjunctiva, which 
has been called Rivus lacrymalis. They are formed- 
1, of a thin dermoid texture; 2, of a muscular mem- 
brane-a portion of the orbicularis; 3, of a particular 
fibrous membrane; 4, of the tarsi; 5, of a mucous 
membrane-a part of the tunica conjunctiva. Their 
vessels and nerves are called palpebral. P. flco'sa, 
old name for trachoma. P. inferior extror'sum 
flex'a, ectropion. P. ter'tia, valvula semilunaris. 
Pal'pebrse superio'ris pri'mus (first muscle of the 
upper eyelid). Levator palpebrae superioris. 
Pal'pebral. Belonging or relating to the eyelid. 
P. ar'teries, those distributed to the eyelids, two in 
number, an upper and a lower. The former arises 
from the ophthalmic, a little beyond the cartilag- 
inous pulley of the greater oblique muscle, and 
descends toward the upper eyelid, over which it is 
distributed. The latter arises at the side of, or a 
little behind, the preceding, and sends its ramifica- 
tions to the lower eyelid and the neighboring parts. 
Palpebral veins have a similar arrangement, except 
that some of them open into the temporal and labial 
veins. P. car'tilages, tarsal cartilages. P. conjunc- 
ti'va, c. lining the eyelids. P. fas'cia limits the orbit 
in front, arises from the periorbital membrane, passes 
to the tarsi. P. fls'sure, slit separating the eyelids 
from each other. P. flux, pu'riform, a puriform 
discharge furnished by the glands of Meibomius 
when inflamed, and to which Scarpa attributes fistula 
lacrymalis in many cases. P. folds, formed by reflec- 
tion of the conjunctiva from the lids to the eyeball. 
P. lig'aments, superior and inferior. Some anato- PALPEBRALIS 
mists, with Winslow, have described under this name 
the fibrous layer which is attached, on the one hand, 
to the outer part of the circumference of the orbit; 
on the other, to the tarsal cartilages; see Orbicular 
muscles, P. fascia. P. mus'cles, thin sheets of non- 
striated muscle inserted upon the tarsi. P. m., inferior, 
muscle connected behind with facial process of inferior 
rectus. P. m., superior, muscle better known as Orbito- 
palpebralis. P. nerves, Nerves of the eyelids, arise par- 
ticularly from the frontal and. lacrymal branches, 
from the ophthalmic nerve of Willis, and from the 
facial, nasal, and infra-orbital branches of the su- 
perior maxillary nerve. 
Palpebra'lis. Orbicularis palpebrarum; orbito- 
palpebralis ; levator palpebrse superioris. P. infe'rior 
and supe'rior, see Palpebral muscles. 
Palpebrarum ape'riens rec'tus, Levator pal- 
pebrae superioris. P. duo mus'culi, orbiculares pal- 
pebrarum. 
Palpebra'tio (palpebra, eyelid). Winking. Nic- 
tation. 
Palpebritis, pal-pe-bre'tis. Inflammation of the 
eyelid. 
Pal'pebrum. Palpebra. 
Pal'pitate (palpito, to quiver). To beat rapidly or 
flutter. See Palpitation. 
Palpita'tio. Palpitation. P. arteria'rum, see Pal- 
pitation. P. cor'dis trep'idans, rapid and feeble 
palpitation or fluttering of the heart. P. membro'- 
rum, involuntary shaking of the legs. 
Palpita'tion (palpito, to throb). A name given 
to the pulsations of the heart when they become 
stronger, more extensive, or more sensible to the 
individual than ordinarily. Palpitations occur in a 
number of affections; sometimes owing to organic 
diseases of the heart-hypertrophy, inflammation, 
etc.; at others, to a disease in some other viscus; 
while frequently they are merely nervous. Palpita- 
tion is sometimes felt in the arteries, constituting 
Palpitatio arteriosa, arterial palpitation. P., cce'liac, 
palpitation of abdominal aorta. P. of the heart, pal- 
pitation. P., idiopathic, palpitation, nervous; see 
Palpitation. P., symptomatic, palpitation as a symp- 
tom of disease, not of the heart only, but of other 
conditions-taenia in the intestines, for example. 
Pal'sied. Paralytic. 
Pal'sy. Paralysis. P., Bell's, paralysis, Bell's. 
P., birth, spastic diplegia; spasm of all the ex- 
tremities at birth or soon afterward. P., creeping, 
atrophy, progressive muscular. P., crossed, see 
Hemiplegia. P., crutch, see Crutch. P. of the ex- 
tremities, paralysis of the upper or lower extrem- 
ities. P., fa'cial, paralysis, Bell's. P., fa'cial, 
mimic, paralysis, Bell's. P., ham'mer, see Hammer. 
P., histrionic, paralysis, Bell's. P., hysterical, 
paralysis, hysterical. P., lead, Metallic palsy, Paint- 
er's paralysis or palsy, Lead tremor; paralysis of the 
upper extremities especially, induced by poison of 
lead. P., mercu'rial, Mercurial tremor, Mercurial 
shaking palsy, Mercurial trade disease; paralysis in- 
duced by the poison of mercury. P. metaliic, see 
Palsy, lead, and Tremor. P., paint'er's, P., lead. P., 
pen, writer's cramp. P., psychical, hysterical 
paralysis. P., scribe, writer's cramp. P., semp'- 
stress's, Sempstress's cramp; an affection analogous 
to writer's cramp; usually consists in an entire or 
partial loss of sensation at the end of the right thumb 
and index finger, with inability to hold the needle. 
P., shaking, paralysis agitans. P., shaking, mercu'- 
rial, palsy, mercurial. P., shaking, metaliic, see 
Tremor. P., trans'verse, see Hemiplegia. P., trem'- 
bling, paralysis agitans. P., ves'ical, paralysis of the 
bladder. P., wasting, progressive muscular atrophy. 
Pal'sywort. Primula veris. 
Pal'ta. Persea gratissima. 
Palu'dal or Palus'tral (palus, marsh). Relating to 
a marsh or to emanations from it. P. fe'ver, malarial 
fever. 
Paludapium (marsh apium). Apium graveolens. 
Pal'udism. Morbid condition produced by exposure 
to marsh malaria. 
PAN AX 
Palu'dose or Palu'dous. Relating to a marsh or 
to emanations from it. 
Pa'lus. Marsh. Penis. P. sanc'tus, guaiacum. 
Palus'ter (palus, marsh). Paludose. 
Palustrine, pa-lus'treen. Paludose. 
Pambio'ma. Original animating principle. Gen- 
eral principle of life. 
Pambota'no. Native name of Mexican tree, 
Colliandra Houstoni; used in decoction and alcoholic 
elixir in malarial poisoning. 
Pamphagus, pam-fag'us (pan, all, phago, to eat). 
Omnivorous. 
Pamphilus, pam'fil-us. Plaster. 
Pampho'bia. Panophobia. 
Pampin'iform plex'us (pampinus, tendril, forma, 
form). Corpus pampiniforme; much-convoluted por- 
tion of spermatic and ovarian veins, where they lie 
in the spermatic cord or broad ligament. 
Pampinifor'me cor'pus. See Corpus pampiniforme. 
Pampinocele, pam-pin-o-se'le (Eng. pam-pin'o-seel) 
(pampinus, vine, tendril, kele, tumor). Varicose con- 
dition of plexus pampiniformis. 
Pample'gia or Panplegia (pan, all, plege, a stroke). 
General paralysis. Palsy of the whole body. Also 
bilateral hemiplegia, in which the upper and lower 
extremities on both sides are paralyzed from cerebral 
lesion. 
Pan, Pan'to (pan, all). In composition, all. 
Pan, brain. Parts in which the brain is contained. 
P., knee, patella. 
Panacea, pan-a-se'ah (pan, akeomai, to cure). A 
pretended universal remedy. There is no such thing 
in existence. P. An'glica, magnesia. P. du'cis Hol- 
sa'tise, potassii sulphas. P. duplica'ta, potassii sul- 
phas. P. lapso'rum, Arnica montana. P. mercuria'- 
lis, hydrargyri submurias. P. mercu'rii ru'bri, hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxidum. P. pec'toris, Glechoma 
hederacea. P. universa'lis, kermes mineral. P. 
vegetab'ilis, crocus. 
Pan'acon. White, tasteless substance, obtained by 
action of sulphuric acid upon panaquilon. 
Pana'da (panis, bread). Panado, Panata, Panatelia. 
Bread boiled in water to the consistence of pap, 
sometimes administered to the sick. P., sim'ple 
bread, may be made by putting any quantity of 
grated stale bread into enough water to form a mod- 
erately thick pulp, covering it up, leaving it to soak 
for an hour, then beating it up with two tablespoon- 
fuls of milk and a small portion of refined sugar, and 
boiling the whole for ten minutes, stirring all the 
time. 
Pan'ais. Pastinaca sativa. 
Pan'ama fever. Malarial fever of that region. 
Sometimes applied to yellow fever. 
Pana'quilon. Amorphous sweet principle found in 
ginseng. 
Pan'arls. Paronychia. P. cuta'neum, onychia. 
P. gangraeno'sum, panaris septicum. P. sep'ticum, 
paronychia of septic origin. P. subungua'le, onychia. 
Panarit'ium. Felon, whitlow-i. e. periphalangeal 
cellulitis. P. tendino'sum, acute infective inflam- 
mation of the sheath of a tendon, generally of a 
finger, more rarely of a toe. 
Pana'rium. Paronychia. 
Panarthri'tis (pan, arthron, joint). Inflammation 
of all the tissues of a joint. General inflammation 
of a joint. P. u'rica, arthritis uratica. 
Pan'a's solution. Mild, antiseptic collyrium used 
in conjunctivitis, blepharitis, etc Hydrarg. binio- 
dide, 1; absolute alcohol, 400; distilled water to 
20,000 parts. 
Pana'ta. Panada. 
Panatel'la. Panada. 
Pan'ax (pan, akeomai, to cure). See Panax quinquefo- 
lium. P. cochlea'tus, shrub growing in the Moluccas 
and Java; root is diuretic and diaphoretic; the young 
leaves are edible, and are applied externally as an 
application in mastitis. Gum-resin is obtained from 
the stem, resembling opoponax. P. costl'num, Pas- 
tinaca opoponax. P. fructico'sum, native of the Mo- 
lucca Islands and certain parts of Asia; has diuretic 
810 PANBIOMA 
and emmenagogue virtues. P. heracle'um, Pastinaca 
opoponax. P. pastina'ca, Pastinaca opoponax. P. 
quinquefo'lium (same etymon as panacea), Ginseng, 
Ninsing, Gensang, Schinseng, Sang, Redberry, Five fin- 
gers; ord. Araliaceae; grows in North America. The 
root, Radix ginseng, is about the thickness of the little 
finger; an inch or two in length, often dividing into 
two branches, of a whitish-yellow color, wrinkled on 
the surface, and of a compact, almost horny, texture. 
It has no smell, but a very sweet taste, combined with 
a slight degree of aromatic bitterness. Much esteemed 
by the Chinese, who pay a high price for it. It is a 
gentle and agreeable stimulant. P. shin'seng, Asiatic 
ginseng, a native of Asia, has been usually confounded 
with the last. Root, Radix ninsi, has like virtues. 
Panbio'ma (pan-be-o'mah) or Pamhio'ma (pan, 
bios, life). Original animating principle. General 
principle of life. 
Panblas'tic (pan, blastos, germ). Originating from 
all the germinal layers. 
Panchres'tonor Panchres'tos (pan, chrestos, useful). 
Panacea. 
Panchres'tum chi'nse. See Quinium. 
Panchym'agogue. Panchymagogum. 
Panchymagogum, pank-im-ag-o'gum (pan, chuma, 
juice, ago, to drive away). Panchymagogue. A med- 
icine which the ancients believed capable of purging 
away all sorts of humors P. minera'le, hydrargyri 
submurias. 
Panccenon'osus, Panccenonu'sus, or Panccenosus, 
pan-se-no'sus (panccenus, nosos, disease). Pandemic. 
Pancce'nus mor'bus (pan, koinos, common). Pan- 
demic. 
Pancrat'ic (pan, kratos, power). All-powerful; 
very potent. 
Pancra'tium (pan, kratos, strength). A Grecian 
athletic exercise. Applied also to a plant which was 
considered all-powerful. P. marit'imum, bulbous 
plant, native of Europe; medicinal properties resem- 
ble those of squills; grows wild in Southern U. S., 
near the sea-coast. P. ve'rum, Scilla maritima. 
Pan'creas (pan, kreas, flesh, i.e. quite fleshy). 
Sweetbread. Gland, deeply seated in the abdomen and 
lying transversely on the vertical column, between 
the three curvatures of the duodenum, behind the 
stomach, and to the right of the spleen. Its left ex- 
tremity, the tail, is smaller than the right, the head. 
The body and the tail are described under the name 
Portio gastrica. At its right portion it has, almost 
always, a greater or less prolongation, called by Wins- 
low and some others the lesser pancreas, Pancreas 
of Aselli, Pancreas minus or parvum. It resembles 
the salivary glands in structure, and has been 
called the Abdominal salivary gland; composed 
of lobes and granulated lobules, distinct, and 
united by areolar tissue. From each of the gran- 
ulations of these lobes arise the radicles of its 
excretory duct, which are very delicate and united 
like veins. The duct itself, Pancreatic duct, Canal or 
Duct of Wirsun or Wirsung, proceeds in a serpentine 
course through the substance of the organ; behind 
the second portion of the duodenum it becomes free, 
and is of the size of a crow's quill. It opens at an acute 
angle into the choledoch duct, or proceeds close to it, 
opening separately into the duodenum. At times 
there is another pancreatic duct, smaller, proceeding 
from the summit of the head of the gland, and open- 
ing separately into the duodenum above the chole- 
doch duct in man. This has been named Ductus pan- 
creaticus superior. 
The following are some of the measurements of 
this organ: 
Weight, 66-102 g. (Krause). 
Volume 66-103 cm. 
Length . 190-220 
Thickness (in the middle) 15 
Breadth 40 (a little more at the head). 
Diameter of pancreatic 
duct at the head .... 2.3 
The pancreatic arteries are very numerous and small. 
They proceed from the cceliac, splenic, superior mes- 
811 
PANCREATOMY 
enteric, right gastro-epiploic, coronaria ventriculi, and. 
left capsular. The veins open into the radicles of the 
vena porta, and particularly into the splenic and 
lesser mesenteric. Its nerves emanate from the solar 
plexus, and its lymphatics pass into the ganglions to 
which it gives its name. The pancreas secretes the 
Pancreatic juice, which resembles the saliva and con- 
verts starch into dextrin and glucose. The quantity 
of pancreatic juice secreted is difficult to determine ; 
it has been estimated at 200-350 grammes; in a 
woman set. 78, suffering from a fistula, 80-125 g. fluid 
were collected daily. P. accesso'rium, pancreatic 
lobules detached from the main gland; have been 
found between the membranes of the stomach near the 
greater curvature in the wall of the jejunum, and even 
as far as the diverticulum ilei. P. of Asel'li, see Pan- 
creas. P. divis'um, name given to pancreas consist- 
ing of two divisions, which are united by Wirsung's 
canal. P. mi'nus, see Pancreas. P. par'vum, see Pan- 
creas. P., sec'ond, Brunner's glands. P., small, see 
Pancreas. P. succenturia'tum, pancreas accessorium. 
P. of Wins'low, see Pancreas. Its great use appears to 
be to emulsify fatty matters by virtue of a peculiar 
albuminoid principle-pancreatin, coagulable by heat 
or alcohol-which it contains. It also dissolves albu- 
minous substances. The pancreatic j uice of the pig has 
been given in the form of emulsion-Pancreatic emul- 
sion-with the fat of beef, stirred in milk, to consump- 
tive patients. An emulsion with cod-liver oil is simi- 
larly prescribed. 
Pancreatalgia, pan-kre-at-al'je-ah {pancreas, algos, 
pain). Neuralgic pain of the pancreas. 
Pancreatec'tomy {pancreas, ektome, excision). Ex- 
cision of a portion or all of the pancreas. 
Pacreatemphraxis, pan-kre-at-em-fraks'is {pan- 
creas, emphrasso, to obstruct). Engorgement or ob- 
struction of the pancreas. 
Pancreathelco'sis {pancreas, helkos, ulcer). Ulcer- 
ation of the pancreas. 
Pancreat'ic. Eelating to or affecting the pancreas. 
P. ar'teries, see Pancreas. P. di'astase, amylopsin. 
P. duct, see Pancreas. P. duct, accessory, see Acces- 
sory pancreatic duct. P. emul'sion, see Pancreas. P. 
juice, see Pancreas. P. nerves, see Pancreas. P. 
plex'us, offshoot from splenic plexus of sympathetic 
lying about the pancreatic vessels. P. sarco'ma of 
Ab'ernethy, tumor, in irregular masses, connected by 
loose fibrous substance, like the irregular masses of 
the pancreas; found in the areolar substance, but 
usually in the lymphatic glands, chiefly in the female 
breast. P. veins, see Pancreas. 
Pancreaticoduode'nal. Eelating to pancreas and 
duodenum. P. ar'teries, those supplying the pan- 
creas and duodenum: superior, a branch of gastro- 
duodenal; inferior, from superior mesenteric. P. 
plex'us, branches of hepatic plexus extending to P. 
artery. P. vein, tributary of portal, which gathers 
blood from pancreas and duodenum. 
Pancreaticosplen'ic lig'ament. Fold of peri- 
toneum extending from tail of pancreas to spleen, 
connecting with gastrosplenic omentum. 
Pan'creatin. The combined ferments of the pan- 
creatic juice. Soluble ferment, prepared from the 
pancreas of some animals, having property of emul- 
sifying and decomposing fats and of converting starch 
into sugar, and aiding the digestion of starchy, fatty, 
and albuminoid matters. See also Amylopsin, Myopsin, 
Trypsin, and Steapsin. 
Pancreati'tis {pancreas, itis). Inflammation of the 
pancreas-an affection the phenomena of which are 
not well known. P., acute, acute inflammation of 
the pancreas, characterized by severe pains in the 
abdominal region, vomiting, and fatal termination. 
P., acute hemorrhag'ic, acute pancreatitis in which 
hemorrhages occur into the tissue between the 
acini. 
Pan'creatoid {pancreas, eidos, appearance). Like 
the pancreas. A tumor resembling the pancreas in 
structure. 
Pancreat'omy or Pancreatot'omy {pancreas, tome, 
incision). Incision of the pancreas. PANCREATONCUS 
Pancreatoncus, pan-kre-at-on'kus {pancreas, orikos, 
swelling). Tumor of the pancreas. 
Pancreatoptyalin, pan-kre-at-op-ti'al-in. Substance 
in pancreatic juice resembling ptyalin, but acting 
more energetically on starch. 
Pancreatorrhagia, pan-kre-at-or-rha'je-ah {rheg- 
numi, to flow). Pancreatic hemorrhage. 
Pancreatot'omy {pancreas, tome, incision). Incision 
of the pancreas. 
Pancreazymase, pan-kre-ah-zim'aze {pancreas, 
zume, leaven). Ferment existing in the pancreas. 
Pancreectomy, pan-kre-ek'to-me {pancreas, ektome, 
excision). Pancreatectomy. 
Pancre'ne {pan, krone, spring). Pancreas. 
Pancreopathia, pan-kre-o-path-e'ah {pancreas, 
pathos, disease). Disease of the pancreas. 
Pan'creum. Pancreas. 
Pandalit'ium (corrupted from Panaritium). Paro- 
nychia. 
Pandanus, pan-dan'us. Screw-pine of the Moluc- 
cas ; leaves are used as an antidote in poisoning result- 
ing from eating poisonous fish. P. odoratis'simus, 
screw-pine, fragrant Eastern species. Oil-keora oil 
-is obtained from the leaves; the fruit while still 
unripe is reputed to be used by the Chinese as an 
abortifacient; juice of the leaves is used in India in 
diarrhcea and dysenteric affections, and applied ex- 
ternally to wounds. 
Pande'mia. Pandemic. 
Pandem'ic {pan, demos, people). Pandemy. An 
epidemic which attacks the whole or a great part of 
the population. 
Pan'demy. Pandemic. 
Pandicula'tlon {pandiculo, pando, to stretch 
out, to stretch, as one awakening from sleep). 
Stretching; an action which consists in elevating the 
upper limbs and throwing the head and trunk back- 
ward at the same time that the lower limbs are ex- 
tended. This series of motions of the extensor 
muscles is in some measure independent of the will, 
and is accompanied by yawning, which is equally in- 
voluntary. In health, stretching occurs before and 
after sleep, especially when we are fatigued. It is 
also observed at the onset of certain paroxysms of 
fever, hysteria, etc. 
Pandoce'um {pan, dechomai, to receive). A house 
or hotel that receives all classes. A general hospital, 
or one that admits all cases. 
Pandochi'um or Pandoci'um. Pandoceum. 
Pang (like Pain). Brief but intense pain. See 
Pain. P., breast, suffocative, see Angina pectoris. 
P., brow, frontal neuralgia. 
Pangenesis, pan-jen'es-is {pan, genesis, generation). 
A " provisional hypothesis " on which Mr. Darwin 
has assumed that the whole organization, in the 
sense of every atom or unit, reproduces itself. 
Pangens, pan'jens. Active particles regarded as 
vehicles of hereditary characters in Darwin's hy- 
pothesis of pangenesis. 
Pangium (pan'je-um) edu'le or P. Rum'phii. Tree 
of East Indian Islands, known as the pangi. The 
whole tree has anthelmintic virtues and is narcotic. 
Panhidro'sis {pan, hidrosis, sweating). Sweating 
over the whole body. 
Panhistoph'ytum ova'tuxn. Parasite of pebrine. 
Panhyperae'mia {pan, hyperlemia). Plethora. 
Panhysterec'tomy {pan, hystera, womb, ektome, ex- 
cision). Total extirpation of the uterus. 
Pan'ic grass, Ital'ian. Panicum Italicum. 
Panicula, pan-ik'u-lah. Furuncle. 
Pan'icum dac'tylon. Cynedon dactylon. P. Ital'- 
icum {panis, bread), Italian panic grass, Indian millet, 
Guinea corn, Barbadoes millet, Sorghum, nat. ord. Gram- 
inese. The seeds-Milii semina-are much esteemed 
in Italy, being a constant ingredient in soups and 
made into a variety of forms for the table. P. mili- 
a'ceum, Common millet; millet-seeds are esteemed a 
nutritious article of diet, and are often made into 
puddings. P. miVium, P. miliaceum. 
Panidro'sis {pan, hidros, sweat). General or uni- 
versal perspiration. 
812 
PANOPHTHALMIA 
Pa'nis. Bread; see Triticum aestivum. P. canica'- 
ceus, see Canicae. P. ciba'rius, syncomistos. P. cu- 
cu'li, Oxalis acetosella. P. lax'ans, biscuit prepared 
with jalap-resin in solution. P. porci'nus, cyclamen. 
Paniv'orous (panis, bread, voro, to devour). Sub- 
sisting on bread. 
Panmixia, pan-miks'e-ah. Term applied to careless 
intercrossing, as in breeding of animals, or even in 
the human race. 
Pan'na. Aspidium athamanticum. P. root, the 
rhizome used by natives of South Africa as a vermi- 
fuge. 
Pannecrotomy, pan-nek-rot'om-e (pan, all, nelcros, 
dead body, tome, cutting). Plan proposed to prevent 
burying alive, consisting in dissecting all dead bodies. 
Panneuritis, pan-nu-re'tis. Multiple neuritis. P. 
epidem'ica, beri-beri. 
Pan'ni. Swathing clothes. 
Pan'nicle (dim. of Pannus, a web). Membrane. 
Pannic'ulus (dim. of Pannus, a web). A small mem- 
brane; pterygion. P. adipo'sus, cellular membrane. 
P. carno'sus, Muscular web, Mantle; a general covering 
found in the quadruped, and formed by a thin subcu- 
taneous muscle which serves to move the skin. It 
exists only in certain parts of the human body, as in 
the forehead, where it is formed by the occipito- 
frontalis ; in the neck, by the platysma myoides; and 
in the scrotum, by the cremaster muscle. P. cor'dis, 
pericardium. P. hymenae'us, hymen. P. sub'tilis, 
pia mater. P. transver'sus, diaphragm. P. vir- 
ginal'is, hymen. 
Pan'nikell. Cranium. 
Pannodic, pan-no'dic. Panthodic. 
Pan'nus. A piece of cloth ; a web. This word has 
several other meanings, many of which are equivocal. 
It means a tent for a wound, and also an irregular 
nsevus or mark on the skin. Modern ophthalmolo- 
gists apply it to an opaque and vascular condition of 
the anterior membrane of the cornea, almost invari- 
ably produced by the continuance of purulent or 
strumous ophthalmia or by chronic inflammation of 
the cornea. This part becomes nebulous, covered 
with red vessels, and opaque. At times the sclerotic 
conjunctiva undergoes a similar change to that which 
occurs in the corneal portion. When the cornea is 
extremely vascular and opaque, it is called Pannus 
crassus; if the blood-vessels are few and scattered 
and the cloudiness inconsiderable, it is called Pannus 
tenuis. When the disease is produced by external 
irritants, as by friction and irritation of the cornea, 
etc., the term Traumatic pannus is applied to it. When 
pannus is attended with an extremely bloodshot con- 
dition of the eye, it is called Pannus trachomatosus. 
P. cara'tus, name applied to carate and mal del pinto. 
P. carno'sus, P. crassus. P. cras'sus, see Pannus. P. 
hepat'icus, chloasma. P. herpet'icus, see Ophthal- 
mia. P. lentlcula'ris, ephelides. P. lepro'sus, pan- 
nus due to leprosy, affecting the palpebral conjunc- 
tiva. P. lymphat'icus, pannus phlyctsenulosus. P. 
phlyctaenulo'sus, opaque and vascular condition of 
the cornea due to inflammation of a phlyctenular 
type. P. sarcomato'sus, pannus crassus. P. scrofulo'- 
sus, see Herpes corneie. P. sic'cus, pannus associated 
with xerosis. P. ten'uis, see Pannus. P. trachoma- 
to'sus, see Pannus. P., traumat'ic, see Pannus. P. 
vesicato'rius, blistering cloth ; prepared by digesting 
powdered cantharides in sulphurous ether, evaporat- 
ing, and spreading the oily mass remaining, melted, 
with twice its weight of wax, on a cloth prepared 
with waxed plaster. 
Pano'chia. Bubo. 
Panopho'bia (pan, the god Pan, phobos, fear. A 
panic or fear inspired by the god Pan, according to 
the ancients. Others derive it, and with more proba- 
bility, from pan, all, phobos, fear. This universal and 
groundless fear is morbid, and is a symptom of melan- 
choly. 
Panophthal'mia or Panophthalmi'tis (pan, ophthal- 
mitis). Inflammation of the whole eye, frequently 
producing loss of that organ. So many structures of 
the eye are involved in the suppurative form of cho- PANOSTEITIS 
roiditis that by some the latter is considered synony- 
mous with panophthalmitis. 
Panosteitis, pan-os-te-e'tis (pan, osteon, bone). In- 
flammation of the entire tissue of a bone. 
Panotitis, pan-o-te'tis (pan, ous, ear). Inflammation 
of the whole ear, particularly the middle and internal 
portions. P. diphtheritica, panotitis due to attack 
of scarlatinal diphtheritis, accompanied by entire loss 
of hearing power. 
Panpharmacon, pan-far'mak-on. Panacea. 
Panphlegmon, pan-fleg'mon. Gangrene character- 
ized by great rapidity of development and termina- 
tion, and thought to be due to presence of a germ. 
Panphobia, pan-fo'be-ah. Panophobia. 
Panplegia, pan-plej'e-ah. General paralysis; paral- 
ysis of the whole body. 
Pansclerosis, pan-skler-o'sis (pan, sklerosis, hard- 
ness). Complete induration of a part. 
Pansper'mia (pan, sperma, sperm). Panspermy. 
Theory of dissemination of germs, according to which 
ova or germs are disseminated over all space, under- 
going development under favorable circumstances. 
Pansperm'ism (pan, sperma, sperm). Spontaneous 
generation. 
Pansperm'y. Panspermia. 
Pansphyg'mograph (pan, sphugmos, pulse, grapho, 
to write). Cardiograph. 
Pan'sy. Viola tricolor. 
Pantadenodes, pan-tad-en-o'dees (pan, aden, gland, 
eidos, resemblance). Consisting throughout of gland- 
ular tissue, the pancreas for example. 
Pantago'gon (panta, all, ago, to drive out). Medi- 
cine that purges away all deleterious humors. 
Pantamorphia, pan-ta-mor'fe-ah. General de- 
formity. 
Pantamor'phic. Generally amorphous or de- 
formed. 
Pantancylobleph'aron (panta, ankule, string, 
blepharon, eyelid). Complete adhesion of eyelids to 
the eyeball and to each other. 
PantanencephaTia (panto, anencephalia). Entire 
absence of brain-the same as anencephalia; such a 
monster is said to be Pantanencephalic. 
Pan'tas. Dysentery in cattle. 
Pantatroph'ia (panto, atrophia, atrophy). Universal 
atrophy. 
Panthod'ic (panto, hodos, way). An epithet applied 
to a course of nervous action proceeding from one 
point in all directions to every other point. 
Pan'tices. Ingluvies; intestines. 
Pant'ing. Short and rapid breathing, as in asthma. 
Pan'to. In composition, all. See Pan. 
Pantaeoperittosis, pan-te-o-per-it-to'sis. Universal 
hypertrophy. 
Pantogamy, pan-tog'am-e. Sexual connection in 
disregard of all laws pertaining thereto. 
Pantoganglii'tis (panto, ganglion, itis). Cholera. 
Pantophagists, pan-tof 'a-jists (panto, phago, to eat). 
See Omnivorous. 
Pantoph'agous. Omnivorous. 
Pantopho'bia (panto, phobos, fear). Hydrophobia; 
panophobia. 
Pantoplethora, pan-to-pleth-or'ah. Universal 
plethora. 
Pantoscopic, pan-to-skop'ik (pan, skopeo, to ob- 
serve). Applying to all forms of vision, near and far, 
as a bifocal lens, so-called, arranged for distance or 
for reading. 
Pantozod'tia. Panzootia. 
Panulatus, pan-u-lat'us. Resembling a weaver's 
shuttle ; term applied to furunculoid cutaneous lesion. 
Pa'nus. Non-suppurative inflammation of the 
lymphatic glands. See Pannus. P. fau'cium, tume- 
faction of the glands of the mouth. P. inguina'lis, 
bubo. 
Panygrous, pan-ig'rus (pan, hugros, moist). Wholly 
fluid. 
Panzod'tia (pan, soon, animal). An endemic or 
epidemic disease affecting animals generally. 
Pa'o perei'ra. Geissospermum Iseve. 
Pap (papilla). Mamma; nipple; also a soft food 
813 
PAPILLA 
made of bread boiled or softened with water. Bread- 
berry. P. of the throat, uvula. 
Papain, pap'a-in. Albuminoid ferment from juice 
of half-ripe fruit of Carica papaya, papaw tree; 
digests fibrin and albumen more readily than pepsin; 
recommended as solvent of membrane in croup and 
diphtheria, also as a digestive in dyspepsia, catarrh 
of the stomach and intestines, and as a galactagogue 
and anthelmintic. 
Pa'pas America'nus. Solanum tuberosum. 
Papa'ver. White poppy, ord. Papaveracese. The 
nearly ripe Capsule of White poppy, Papaveris Capsules 
(Ph. Br.), Mecon poppyhead, is used in fomentation as an 
anodyne and relaxant to inflamed or ulcerated parts. 
It is from the poppy that opium-called also Laudanum, 
Mecon-is procured. It is the concrete juice obtained, 
after the flowering of the plant, by making longi- 
tudinal incisions in the unripe capsules, and is com- 
monly obtained from the Levant or India, where the 
poppy grows abundantly. See Opium. P. cerea'le, P. 
rhceas. P. cornicula'tum, Chelidonium majus. P. er- 
rat'icum, P.rhceas. P. lu'teum, Chelidonium majus. 
P. ni'grum, variety of the white poppy producing 
black seeds. P. rhoe'as, systematic and pharmaco- 
pceial name of the Red cornpoppy, Cornrose, Copper 
rose, Red mailkes. Heads of this species contain a 
milky juice of a narcotic quality. A syrup, Syrupus 
rhoeados, of its flowers has been directed, which has 
been esteemed diaphoretic and slightly soothing, 
but it is more admired for its color than for any 
other property. 
Papaveraceous, pa-pav-er-a'she-us. Resembling 
the poppy. 
Papavera'ceum (papaver). Opiate. 
Papaveraldine, pa-pav-er-al'deen. Yellow powder 
in crystals (formula, C20H18NO5), derived from papav- 
erine by oxidation. 
Papaver'culum (papaver, inspissated juice of which 
it resembles). Meconium. 
Papav'eric ac'id. Coloring principle in red poppy- 
petals. 
Papav'erine (papaver). An alkaloid contained in 
opium. See Opium. 
Papav'eris cap'ita or cap'sulae. Poppy-capsules. 
See Papaver and Opium. 
Papavero'sine. Crystallizable alkaloid found in 
poppy-capsules. 
Papaw' tree or Papa'ya vulga'ris. Carica papaya; 
fruit edible; juice of unripe fruit yields digestive 
ferment, papain. Papaw is also seed of Asmina tri- 
loba, having emetic properties. 
Papa'yotin. Dried juice of half-ripe fruit of 
papaw, Carica papaya. Used as a digestive, like 
pepsin. 
Pa'per. Charta. See Antirheumatic, Blistering, Can- 
tharides, Congo, Litmus, Medicated, and Turmeric paper. 
P. birch, Betula papyracea. P., mus'tard, Charta sina- 
pis. P., sin'apized, see Sinapism and Charta sinapis. 
Papil'la. End of the breast, the nipple. See 
Nipple. An eminence similar to a nipple. Name 
given to small eminences, more or less prominent, 
at the surface of several parts, particularly of the 
skin and mucous membranes, in which latter situa- 
tion they are also called villi. See Villous. They con- 
tain the ultimate expansions of the vessels and nerves, 
and are susceptible in some cases of a kind of erec- 
tion. They are also called Nervous papillae. P. acus'- 
tica basila'ris, patch of nerve-endings on wall of 
cochlea. In amphibia and reptiles a small rounded em- 
inence ; in man, lengthened out to the organ of Corti. 
P. basila'ris, organ of Corti. P., congestion, papilla, 
engorged. P., den'tinal, see Tooth. P., engorged, Con- 
gestion papilla; a swollen, prominent, and even bulg- 
ing condition of the papilla of the optic nerve, seen in 
optic neuritis; see Neuroretinitis. P. of the eye, see 
P., optic. P., hair, matrix pili. P. of kid'ney, conical 
projection of apex of pyramid of Malphigi into a 
calyx of the ureter; uriniferous tubules open upon 
it from the surface. P. lacryma'lis, see Lacrymdl 
puncta. P. mam'mae, nipple. P. ner'vi op'tici, see 
Optic nerve. P., op'tic, see Optic papilla. P. palati na, PAPILUE 
eminence on anterior portion of palate, just behind 
anterior palatine foramen. P. pi'll, see Hair. P. ret'- 
inae, optic disk. P. saliva'lis bucca'lis, eminence 
in mouth opposite second molar tooth of upper jaw, 
where Stenon's duct discharges. P. s. infe'rior, 
sublingual caruncle. P. s. supe'rior, P. s. buccalis. 
P. semiluna'ris, crista acustica. P. spira'lis, pro- 
jection made by organ of Corti in preparation, 
showing cross-section of ductus cochlearis. P. sub- 
lingualis, sublingual caruncle. P. umbilica'lis, 
rounded cicatricial stump remaining at the bottom 
of the umbilicus. 
Papillae. See Corpuscles, Pacinian. P. arcuat'ae, 
P. calycifor'mes, P. capitat'ae, P. circumvallat'ae, P. 
clavat'ae, P. con'icae, P., conical, P., conoi'dal, P. co- 
noi'deae, see Papillae of the tongue. P. corallifor'mes, 
filiform papillae. P. co'rii, papillae of skin. P. cu- 
ta'neo-acustlcae, papilliform eminences. P. cu'tis, 
see Cutis. P., fillform, P., fun'giform, P., fun'goid, 
see Papillae of the tongue. P. gustfis, papillae of tongue. 
P. of kid'ney, see Papilla of kidney. P., lentic'ular, 
P. max'imae, P. me'diae, P. min'imae, P. minor'es, P. 
muco'sae, see Papillae of the tongue. P., med'ullary, 
small prominences on medulla oblongata. P. ner'veae, 
corpuscles, Pacinian; see Papilla. P. obtu'sae, P. 
petiolat'ae, P., pyramidal, see Papillae of the tongue. 
P. pyramidal'es, see Papilla. P. re'num or renal'es, 
see Papillae of the kidney. P. semilenticula'res, see Pa- 
pillae of the tongue. P. tactus, see Cutis. P. of the tongue 
are very numerous and marked. They are observed 
particularly at the upper surface of the organ, and 
are-1. Lenticular papillae, arranged at the base of the 
tongue in two oblique lines, having the shape of the 
letter V, and united angularly at the foramen caecum. 
They have, in general, an ovoid or spherical shape, 
and have seemed to be mucous follicles similar to 
those of the palate, lips, etc. 2. Fungiform or Fungoid 
papillae are of indeterminate number, but always 
more numerous than the preceding. They are irreg- 
ularly disseminated near the edge and the point of 
the tongue; have a rounded and flattened head, sup- 
ported by a short and narrow footstalk. Their tint 
is whitish. Conical, Conoidal, or Pyramidal papillae are 
the most numerous of all. Their arrangement is more 
regular in the fore part of the tongue than behind. 
They resemble small cones, the base being toward the 
tongue and the apex free. The anterior are very 
small, and have been called Filiform papillae. They 
appear to be produced by the terminations of the 
filaments of the lingual nerve, and are surrounded 
by an evident vascular network. See Cutis. P.,trun'- 
cate, P. vallat'ae, P. villo'sae, see Papillae of the tongue. 
Papillar, pap'il-lar. Papillary. 
Pap'illary (papilla). Papillous. Of or belonging 
to the nipple or to the papillae. P. ar'teries, main 
branches of central artery of retina; superior rises 
upward; inferior passes downward over optic disk. 
P. bod'y, papillary layer of corium. P. lay'er of co'- 
rium or skin, external layer, containing papillae. P. 
mus'cles, columnae carneae of heart, attached only at 
their base to the wall. P. tu'bercle of liv'er, rounded 
projection from Spigelian lobe opposite transverse fis- 
sure. P. tu'mor, papilloma. 
Pap'illated. Consisting of papillae, as the outer 
surface of the tongue. 
Papil'liform (papilla, forma, form). Having the 
appearance or shape of a papilla. P. em'inences, 
projections from walls of membranous semicircular 
canals, appearing to be of a nature similar to papillae 
of skin. 
Papillifor'mis. Mastoid; papilliform. 
Papillitis, pap-il-le'tis. Inflammation of optic 
nerve entrance, not necessarily involving the rest of 
the nerve-trunk; usually symptomatic of lesions, 
particularly morbid growths in the brain; then com- 
monly affects both eyes at once. See Neuroretinitis. 
Papilloma, pap-il-lo'mah (papilla, oma). Papillary 
or Villous tumor. Tumor whose specific elements are 
those of the papillae of the normal skin, and which, 
consequently, is composed of a stem of fibrous or 
homogeneous connective tissue; is club-shaped, cylin- 
814 
PARA 
drical, or acuminated, and covered with a layer of 
epithelial cells similar to those of the normal papillae. 
P. a'reo-eleva'tum, mycosis fungoides. P., cys'tic, 
see Cystopapilloma. P. diffu'sum, small tumors gen- 
erally seen on the legs and buttocks, varying in diam- 
eter from 5 mm. to 2 cm. P. mol'le, P. mucosum. P. 
muco'sum, condyloma acuminatum. P. neuropath- 
i'cum or neurot'icum, unilateral papilloma along the 
course of a nerve. P. papill'a, Strychnos Ignatii. P. 
of the skin, corneous growths and even naevi are 
sometimes included under this head. P., ure'thral, 
urethral caruncle or hemorrhoid. P., zymot'ic, yaws. 
Papillomatosis, pap-il-lo-mat-o'sis. Condition cha- 
racterized by formation of papillomata. P. universa'- 
lis, disease of the skin, occurring after an attack of 
variola, in which nearly the whole of the body is af- 
fected with papillomatous or verrucous lesions. 
Papillomatous, pap-il-lo'mat-us. Relating to, oi 
having shape of, a papilla. 
Papilloretinitis, pap-il-lo-ret-in-e'tis. Inflammation 
involving optic disk and retina. 
Papillose, pap'il-loze. Having shape of papillae oi 
possessing papillae. 
Papil'lous. Papillary. 
Papoose' root. Caulophyllum thalictroides. 
Pappe. Mamma. 
Pap'pea Capen'sis (after Karl W. L. Pappe, a 
botanist of Leipzig). Small tree of ord. Sapinda- 
ceae, common in Cafferland; the fruit is called Wild 
plum. Furnishes a vinous beverage and excellent 
vinegar. Its kernel contains an oil which, although 
eatable, is somewhat cathartic, and is recommended 
as an external application in tinea capitis, alopecia, 
etc. 
Pappoose' root. Caulophyllum thalictroides. 
Pap'pus. Down on the chin and cheeks. P. 
America'nus, Solanum tuberosum. 
Pap'ula (akin to Papilla, a pimple). Small acumi- 
nated elevation of the cuticle, with an inflamed base; 
very seldom containing a fluid or suppurating, and 
commonly terminating in scurf or desquamation. 
An eruption of pimples is called in Devonshire 
Murfles. Papula: is the first order of Willan and Bate- 
man's arrangement of cutaneous diseases. P. a'gria, 
lichen agrius. P. fe'ra, lupus vulgaris, lichen agrius, 
P. lenticula'ris, lenticula. P. mad'idans, condyloma 
latum. P. milia'ris, miliary fever. P., moist, condy- 
loma latum. P. muco'sa, syphilide. P. typho'sa, 
spots, red. 
Pap'ulae. Lichen. P. sic'cae, lichen. P. sudo- 
ral'es, sudamina. P. sudo'ris, miliary fever. P. 
syphilit'ica hu'mida, condyloma latum. 
Pap'ule. Papula. 
Papulose, pap'u-loze. Papulous, Pimpled, Papular. 
Of or belonging to, resembling, or covered with pap- 
ulte or pimples. 
Papyra'ceous. Paper-like or parchment-like; thin 
and dry. P. foe'tus, fcetus papyraceus. 
Paquelin's cautery. Thermo-cautery in which the 
hollow, cauterized point is of platinum and contains 
spongy platinum. In use the point is first heated in 
the flame of a lamp, and heat is then maintained by 
forcing through spongy platinum vapor of benzol by 
means of hand spray-apparatus. 
Par balnea're. Trigeminal nerve. P. facla'le, P. 
septimum. P. gustato'rium, trigeminal nerve. P. 
medul'lae pri'mum, glosso-pharyngeal nerve. P. 
medul'lae secun'dum, pneumogastric nerve. P. ner- 
vo'rum, pair of nerves. P. no'num, hypoglossus. P. 
op'ticum nervo'rum, optic nerve. P. pri'mum ner- 
vo'rum cer'ebri, olfactory nerves. P. quar'tum, 
pathetic nerve. P. quin'tum nervo'rum cerebra'- 
lium, trigemini. P. secun'dum nervo'rum, optic 
nerve. P. sep'timum, facial or seventh nerve. P. 
ter'tium, motores oculorum. P. trigem'inum, tri- 
gemini. P. tri'um funiculo'rum, trigemini. P. va'- 
gum, pneumogastric. P. visor'ium, optic nerve. 
Pa'ra. Common prefix; by, near, contrary to, 
through (per); above and beyond (ultra); besides 
(prseter). In certain terms, as in Paracusis, Parapsis, 
Parabysma, etc., para means a defective or morbid PARA-ACETPH EN ETI DI N 
condition. II-para, Ill-para, etc. indicate the num- 
ber of children borne by a woman. P. cress, Spilan- 
thes oleracea. P. nut, see Pichurim beans. 
Para-acetphenet'idin. Phenacetin; colorless, in- 
odorous, insipid crystals, readily soluble in alcohol, 
less so in water; melting-point 135.5° C.; antipyretic 
and analgesic in tuberculosis, peritonitis, typhoid 
fever, neuralgia, migraine, whooping cough, epidemic 
influenza, etc. 
Para-ansesthesia, par'ah-an-ees-the'ze-ah (a, priv., 
an, aisthesis, feeling). Anaesthesia of lower part of 
both sides of the body. 
Para-analgesia, par'ah-an-al-ge'ze-ah (para, beside, 
analgesia, insensibility). Analgesia in a circumscribed 
form or involving the inferior half of the body. 
Parabal'anus (para, ballo, to cast, to expose one's 
self). Name given by the ancients to a person who 
devoted himself to the service of the sick in hospitals, 
and particularly during epidemics and the plague. 
Paraban'ic acid. Artificial derivative of uric acid 
by treatment with nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.3) at 70° C. 
Thin, colorless, sexagonal prisms. 
Parabin, par'ab-in. See Pararabin. 
Par'ablast (para, blaste, a bud). Nucleated layer of 
yolk immediately underlying peripheral portions of 
germinal area in mesoblastic vertebrate ova. 
Parablas'tic. Pertaining to or derived from the 
parablast; archiblastic. 
Parablep'sis (para, blepo, to see). False vision. 
ParabuTia (para, boule, will). Disorder of the will. 
Parabux'ine. Alkaloid found in bark of Buxus 
sempervirens. 
Parabuxinide, par-ah-buks'in-eed. Crystallized 
alkaloid occurring in Buxus sempervirens. 
Parabysma, par-ah-biz'mah (para, buo, to stuff). 
Infarction or engorgement of an organ, as Parabysma 
lienis; engorgement of the spleen. P. mesenter'- 
icum, tabes mesenterica. 
Parabys'tia (same etymon). Engorgement or in- 
farction of an organ with blood. 
Paracanthoma, par-ak-an-tho'mah (para, akantha, 
thorn). Growth of prickle-cell layer of skin. P. 
verruco'sum, molluscum contagiosum. 
Paracantho'ses (para, akantha, thorn). Diseases 
characterized by anomalies of growth of prickle layer 
of skin. 
Par'acary. Peltodon radicans. 
Paracelsian, par-ah-sel'se-an. Relating to, originat- 
ing with, or called after Paracelsus. 
Paracelsis'ta. Paracelsist, Paracelsian. Follower 
of Paracelsus. 
Paracelsis'tica medici'na. See Spagyrists. 
Paracentesis, par-ah-sen-ta'sis (para, kenteo, to 
pierce through). Puncturing. Operation of tapping to 
evacuate the collected fluid in ascites, ovarial dropsy, 
etc., receiving the names Paracentesis capitis, P. ab- 
dominis, P. cornese, P. vesicse, etc. according to the part 
selected for the operation. P. thora'cis, puncturing 
the thorax; thoracocentesis. P. vesi'cse, see Cystot- 
omy. 
Paracentete'rion or Paracentete'rium. Small tro- 
car employed by Nuck for puncturing the eye in 
cases of dropsy of that organ. 
Paracentic'ion. Trocar. 
Paracen'tral lob'ule. Area between calloso-mar- 
ginal and paracentral sulci on median surface of cere- 
bral hemispheres. P. sul'cus, shallow furrow on 
median surface of cerebral hemispheres running up- 
ward from the calloso-marginal sulcus. 
Paracephalus, par-ah-sef 'al-us (para, kephale, head). 
Monster with the head badly formed, but voluminous; 
face distinct, with a mouth, rudimental sensorial 
organs, and thoracic members. P. a'pus, variety of 
paracephalus in which the trunk and rudiments of 
head are present, but limbs are absent. P. di'pus, 
paracephalus in which limbs of the thorax may be 
lacking, but in which limbs of the abdomen are 
present. P. pseu'do-acor'mus, paracephalus with 
rudimentary trunk. 
Parachordal, par-ah-kor'dal (para, chorde, cord). 
Applied to the cartilaginous mass investing anterior 
815 
PARACRUSIS 
extremity of notochord in the embryo, subsequently 
forming part of the chondrocranium. 
Parachrce'a {para, chroa, color). Morbid change of 
color of the surface, especially of the face. P. cseru- 
lo'sis, cyanosis. P. lap'idis inferna'lis, argyria. 
P. leuco'sis, albinism. P. melano'sis, melanosis. 
Parachro'ma {para, chroma, color). Faulty per- 
ception or incapability of distinguishing colors; 
achromatopsia. 
Parachromatin, par-ah-kro'mat-in. See Nucleohy- 
aloplasm. 
Parachromatoblep'sla or Parachromoblep'sia 
{parachroma, blepo, to see). False vision of colors. 
Parachromato'ses (pl. of Parachromatosis). Name 
given to a group of pigmentary cutaneous affections. 
Parachromato'sis. Pigmentary cutaneous affec- 
tion. 
Parachro'sis. Decoloration. Production of para- 
chroma. 
Parachymo'sis {para, chumos, juice). Disorder of 
secretion. 
Paracinema, par-ah-sin-a'mah. Luxation. 
Paracineses, par-ah-sin-a'sees {para, kinesis, mo- 
tion). Diseases of the motor nerves; morbid move- 
ments of voluntary muscles; displacements. 
Paracit'ric acid. Aconitic acid. 
Paraclonus, par-a-klo'nus. Paramyoclonus. 
Parac'masis. Decline, remission. 
Paracmas'tic {parakmazo, to decrease). Epithet 
for a distemper which gradually decreases, or for the 
period of life when a person is said to grow old, 
which Galen places at from thirty-five to forty-nine, 
a definition that would not suit us at the present day. 
Preserving an equal degree of intensity throughout 
its course, as a fever. 
Parac'me. Decline. 
Paracnemion par-ak-na'me-on. Fibula. 
Parac'oe {para, akoe, hearing). Perversion of hear- 
ing. See Cophosis, Paracusis. 
Paracoele, par-ah-se'le. Lateral ventricle of the 
brain. 
Paracolpitis, par-ah-kol-pe'tis {para, kolpos, womb). 
Inflammation of external coat of vagina or of parts 
around the vagina. P. dls'secans, variety of p. end- 
ing in suppuration and dissecting out of the entire 
vaginal tube. 
Paracol'pium. Connective tissue about the vagina. 
Paracon'dyloid pro'cess. Sometimes seen as a con- 
tinuation, outward and downward, from condyles of 
occipital bone, articulating with transverse process of 
atlas. 
Paracone, par'ak-one. Anterior outside cusp of a 
superior molar tooth. 
Paraconid, par-ah-ko'nid. Anterior inside cusp of 
an inferior molar tooth. 
Paraconine, par-ak-o'neen. Artificial alkaloid iso- 
meric with natural conine and having its physiolog- 
ical properties. 
Parac'ope {para, kopto, to strike falsely). Delirium. 
Slight delirium sometimes occurring in febrile dis- 
eases. Insanity. 
Paracop'ic {para, kopto, to strike falsely). Slightly 
delirious. 
Paracop'ticus. Insane; pertaining to insanity. 
Paraco'to-bark. Bolivian bark; botanical origin 
undetermined; resembles coto-bark in appearance 
and properties. 
Paracotoin, par-ah-ko'to-in (CwHigOe). Crystalliz- 
able, tasteless, proximate principle obtained from 
paracoto-bark ; gr. 1-3 in diarrhoea and night-sweats. 
Paracoumaric (par-ak-oo-mar'ik) ac'id. Acid pre- 
pared by treating aloes with sulphuric acid. 
Paracou'sia or Paracou'sis {para, akouo, to hear). 
Confused or disturbed hearing. 
Paracreaso'tic ac'id. Impurity in salicylic acid; 
by some thought to be cause of toxic action of the 
latter. 
Parac'rises {para, krisis, secretion). Diseases of 
the secretory function. 
Paracru'sls {para, krouo, to strike). Paracope. 
Slight delirium. PARACRUSTIC 
Paracrus'tic. Slightly delirious. 
Paracusis (par-ah-ku'sis) or Paracu'sia {para, akou- 
sis, act of hearing). Confusion or perversion of hear- 
ing. Also perverted audition. P. a'cris, painfully 
acute hearing and intolerance of the lowest sounds; 
symptom in otalgia, epilepsy, cephalitis, and febrile 
affections. P. duplica'ta, double hearing, P. imag- 
ina'ria, tinnitus aurium. P. imperfec'ta, double 
hearing. P. lo'ci, inability to tell whence sound 
proceeds. P. obtu'sa, hardness of hearing. P. ox- 
ycoi'a, P. acris. P. perver'sa, Perverse hearing ; the 
ear being sensible to articulate sounds only when ex- 
cited by other and louder sounds intermixed with 
them. P. sur'ditas, see Confusion or Perversion of 
hearing. P. Willisia'na, paracusis perversa. 
Paracus'ma. Paracusis. 
Paracyan'ic ac'id. Palurinic acid. 
Paracycle'ses {para, kuklesis, circulation). Dis- 
eases of the blood as regards its distribution and 
motion. 
Paracyesis, par-ah-se-a'sis {para, kuesis, preg- 
nancy). Morbid, preternatural, or extra-uterine preg- 
nancy. P. abor'tus, abortion. P. tuba'ria, tubal 
pregnancy. 
Paracynanche, par-ah-sin-an'ke {para, cynanche). 
Inflammation of the external muscles of the larynx. 
According to others, a slight or unilateral cynanche. 
Paracystis, par-ah-sis'tis {para, kustis, bladder). 
Connective tissue about the urinary bladder. 
Paracystitis, par-ah-sis-te'tis {para, kustis, bladder). 
Inflammation of tissues about the bladder. 
Paracys'tium. Connective tissue about the bladder. 
Paracytic, par-ah-sit'ik {para, kutos, cell). Situ- 
ated between cells. 
Paradenitis, par-ad-en-e'tis (para, aden, gland). In- 
flammation of tissue around lymphatic glands. 
Paradesmo'ses (pl. of Paradesmosis). Order of 
cutaneous affections. 
Paradesmosis, par-ah-des-mo'sis (para, beside, des- 
mas, band). Irregular growth of connective tissue. 
Paradid'ymis. Organ of Giraldes. 
Paradigital'ein. Digitaliretin, dehydrated. 
Paradioxyben'zene. Hydroquinone. 
Paradioxyben'zol. Hydroquinone. 
Paradox'ia sexua'lis. Appearance of sexual in- 
stincts, indulgence in masturbation, etc. before the 
genital organs are developed. 
Paradoxical contraction. Contraction of muscle 
caused by passive approximation of its extremities. 
Para-epidid'ymis. Organ of Giraldes. 
Parse sthe'sia. Abnormal or perverted sensation. 
P. olfacto'ria, parosmia. P. sexua'lis, disordered 
sexual instincts. 
Parsesthe'sis. See Paresthesis. P. audi'tus flac'ca, 
broad, loose, and pendent lobe of the ear, congenital. 
Paraesthetic, par-ees-thet'ik. Having abnormal sen- 
sations. 
Parse'thenar. Parathenar. 
Par'affln (parum, little, affinis, affinity). Paraf- 
fine; solid or liquid product of destructive dis- 
tillation of many organic substances, and a natural 
constituent of petroleum, from which it is commer- 
cially prepared. It is a microcrystalline, inodorous 
mass, melting at 74° to 80° C. In chemistry, petro- 
leum is a term applied to a series of hydrocar- 
bons homologous with methane, having the gen- 
eral formula CiiHan + 2. See also Hard and Soft par- 
affin. P. jel'ly, petrolatum. P. oil, limpid, oily liquid 
prepared from petroleum, sp. gr. not less than .84, 
boiling not below 360° (P. G.). P. oint'ment, solid 
paraffin. P. wax, see Hard paraffin. 
Paraffl'num. Paraffin. P. du'rum, hard or solid 
paraffin. P. liq'uidum, paraffin oil. P. mol'le (Ph. 
Br.), petrolatum. P. sol'idum, solid paraffin. 
Paraffoste'arine. See Splint. 
Paragammacismus, par-ah-gam-mah-siz'mus (para, 
beside, gamma, letter y). Defect in speech, character- 
ized by inability to pronounce g, and the use of other 
letters in place of it. 
Paragenesia, par-ah-gen-ez'e-ah (para, genesis, pro- 
duction). Paragenesis. Defective fecundity of hybrid 
816 
PARALLAX 
sterile with similar hybrids, but fertile when crossed 
with one of its parent race (Broca). 
Parageu'sis {para, geusis, taste). Depravation or 
perversion of taste. 
Parageus'tia. Parageusis. 
Parag'lin. Smilacin. 
Paraglo'bin or Paraglob'ulin. Form of globulin 
obtained from blood-serum, supposed to exist in white 
blood-corpuscles, and to be one constituent of plas- 
mine; also called fibrino-plastin and seroglobulin. 
Paraglobulinuria, par-ah-glob-u-lin-u're-ah. Con- 
dition in which urine contains paraglobulin. 
Paraglos'sa {para, glossa, tongue). Swelling of 
the tongue; also condition of hypertrophy of the 
tongue, usually congenital. P. deglutito'ria, pre- 
tended doubling of the tongue into the pharynx. 
See Glossocele. 
Paragnathus, par-ag-nath'us. Double monster 
with a supernumerary inferior jaw situate on the 
side. Epignathus. 
Parago'ge {para, ago, to lead). Adduction; coap- 
tation. 
Paragompho'sis {para, gomphosis, nailing). In- 
complete wedging of the head of the child in the 
pelvis during labor. 
Paragraphia, par-ah-graf'e-ah {para, grapho, to 
write). Manifestation of cerebral disorder by mak- 
ing mistakes in writing, as writing one word when 
another is intended. 
Par'aguay tea. Mate, Jesuits' tea, St. Barthol- 
omew's tea; leaves of Ilex Paraguayensis; decoction 
of the roasted leaves is a habitual drink of certain 
South Americans; it contains caffeine. 
Parahepatic, par-ah-hep-at'ik. About or in the 
vicinity of the hepatic region. 
Parahypnosis, par - ah - hip - no' sis (para, hupnos, 
sleep). Abnormal sleep, as in hypnotism or som- 
nambulism. 
Parakantho'ma. Paracanthoma. 
Parakantho'sis. Paracanthosis. 
Parakerato'sis {para, keras, horn). Disease of skin 
characterized by development of horny tissue. 
Parakinesia, par-ah-kin-a'ze-ah {para, kinesis, mo- 
tion). Irregular movement. 
Parakre'sol. Hydroxytoluol, found in urine. See 
Kresol. 
Paralac'tic ac'id. Sarcolactic acid. 
Parala'lia {para, lalia, speech). Defective or diffi- 
cult articulation; impediment of speech. P. nasa'lis, 
nasal voice. 
Paralambdacismus, par-ah-lamb-dah-siz'mus {para, 
beside, lambda, letter x). Defect in speech with inabil- 
ity to pronounce I distinctly, or in which other letters 
are substituted. 
Paralamp'sis {paralampo, to shine at the side of). 
Cicatrix on the transparent part of the eye. 
Paralbu'min {para, albumen). Albuminous sub- 
stance found only in ovarian cysts, and rarely alone. 
Paral'dehyd {para, aZ[cohol]de/iyd[rogenatus]). 
CeHnOe. Colorless liquid; below 50° F. crystalline 
solid, obtained by treating aldehyd with sulphuric or 
gaseous hydrochloric acid; hypnotic, anodyne, and 
sedative, and used as a substitute for chloral. 
Paraleipsis, par-ah-leip'sis. Steatosis. 
Paralere'ma or Paralere'sis {para, leros, foolish 
talk). Delirium. 
Paralex'ia {para, lego, to read). Difficulty in read- 
ing, though patient may be able to write readily from 
dictation ; aphasia with word-blindness. 
Paralge'sia {para, algos, pain). Abnormal or per- 
verted sensation of pain ; complete abolition of pain; 
anaesthesia. 
Paralgia, par-al'je-ah {para, algos, pain). Disagree- 
able cutaneous sensations, such as formication, cold, 
burning, etc. 
Parallactic, par-al-lak'tik. Relating to or produced 
by parallax. 
Parallage, par-al'lah-ge. Insanity. 
Parallag'ma. Riding of one bone over another 
after fracture. 
Parallax, par'al-laks {parallasso, to alter). Apparent PARALLAXIS 
817 
PARALYSIS 
displacement or difference of position of an object as 
seen from two points of view. 
Parallax'is {parallaxis, aberration). Insanity; 
mental confusion. 
Par'allel fis'sure. Parallel sulcus. P. law, an- 
nounced by Dechner as parallel to Weber's law: 
when sensibility is equally altered for two stimuli, 
perceptibility of their difference remains unchanged 
-i. e. the sensory surface may have become more or 
less sensitive, but this will not influence differential 
sensibility. This is a disputed question. P. sul'cus, 
superior temporal sulcus which is parallel to the Syl- 
vian fissure; see Temporal sulci. 
Paralle'la. A kind of scurfy cutaneous eruption 
affecting the palms of the hands in parallel lines, and 
thought to be symptomatic of venereal disease. 
Par'allelism of diseases. See Isopathia. 
Paralogia, par-al-o'je-ah {para, logos, discourse). 
Delirium. 
Paralophia {para, lophia, first vertebra of the back). 
The lower and lateral part of the neck, near the 
vertebrae. 
Paral'ysis (para, lusis, solution). Palsy. Abolition 
or great diminution of the voluntary or involuntary 
motions, and sometimes of sensation in one or more 
parts of the body. Palsy is said to be local when it 
affects only a few muscles. When it extends to half 
the body, vertically or horizontally, it is called hemi- 
plegia or paraplegia. It is commonly symptomatic of 
disease of the brain or of the nerves themselves, and 
is a frequent accompaniment, precursor, or successor 
of apoplexy-phrenoparalysis. The immediate cause 
is generally pressure, either by blood effused or by 
serum or by vascular turgescence. It generally admits 
only of palliation, and is extremely apt to recur. 
The various forms of paralyses have been thus clas- 
sified (Eoss), arranged separately from the standpoint 
of clinical and of topographical diagnosis, including 
neuropathic paralyses and paralyses of the nervous 
system: 
A. ORGANIC PARALYSES. 
I. Spinoneural or Atrophic Paralyses. 
I. NEURAL OR PERIPHERAL PARALYSIS. 
II. REFLEX ATROPHIC PARALYSIS. 
Table I.-Neuropathic Paralyses. 
1. Acute atrophic spinal paralysis of infants. 
2. Acute atrophic spinal paralysis of adults. 
3. Acute ascending paralysis. 
4. Chronic atrophic spinal paralysis. 
5. Peri-ependymal myelitis-syringomyelia. 
6. Progressive muscular atrophy. 
7. Primary labio-glosso-laryngeal paralysis. 
8. Ophthalmoplegia externa. 
9. (Pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis.) 
hl Spinal atrophic paralyses . . 
II. Cerebrospinal or Spasmodic Paralyses. 
1. Primary lateral sclerosis. 
2. Compound lateral sclerosis. 
a. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
b. Combined posterior and lateral sclerosis. 
3. Secondary lateral sclerosis. 
a. Compression myelitis. 
b. Transverse myelitis. 
I. SPINAL SPASMODIC PARALYSES (PARA- 
PLEGIA:) 
1. Tonic spasm 
a. Early rigidity. 
b. Late rigidity. 
2. Tonic and clonic spasm . . 
a. Intermittent tremor. 
b. Choreiform movements. 
i. Pre-hemiplegic chorea. 
ii. Post-hemiplegic chorea. 
iii. Spastic hemiplegia of infancy. 
II. CEREBRAL PARALYSES (HEMIPLEGIA:) . 
3. Clonic spasm 
a. Continuous or remittent tremors. 
b. Athetosis. 
c. Post-hemiplegic hemiataxia. 
III. Mixed Paralysis. 
B. FUNCTIONAL PARALYSES. 
(1) Toxic paralysis. 
(2) Febrile and post-febrile paralysis. 
(3) Reflex paralysis. 
(4) Post-epileptic paralysis. 
(5) Hysterical paralysis. 
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS. TOPOGRAPHICAL DIAGNOSIS. 
I. Atrophic Paralyses. I. Spinoneural Lesions. 
I. NEURAL OR PERIPHERAL PARALYSES. I. LESIONS OF EFFERENT NERVE-FIBRES. 
II. REFLEX ATROPHIC PARALYSIS. II. LESIONS OF AFFERENT NERVE-FIBRES. 
III. SPINAL ATROPHIC PAPALYSES. III. LESIONS OF THE ANTERIOR GRAY HORNS 
( POLTOMYELOPATHIES). 
1. Acute atrophic spinal paralysis of infants. Poliomyelitis anterior acuta infantium. 
2. Acute atrophic spinal paralysis of adults. Poliomyelitis anterior acuta adultorum. 
3. Acute ascending paralysis. Poliomyelitis acuta. 
4. Chronic atrophic spinal paralysis. Poliomyelitis anterior chronica. 
Table II.-Paralyses from Organic Disease oe the Nervous System. 
5. Peri-ependymal myelitis. 
6. Progressive muscular atrophy. 
7. Primary labio-glosso-laryngeal paralysis. 
8. Ophthalmoplegia externa. 
Degeneration of the ganglion cells of the anterior horns 
of the spinal cord and motor cells of the medulla ob- 
longata. 
9. (Pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis.) (Primary muscular disease.) 
TT . II. Cerebro-spinal Lesions. 
II. Spasmodic Paralyses. 
(pyramidal tract.) 
I. SPINAL SPASMODIC PARALYSES. J lesions 0F THE LATERAL columns. 
1. Primary spinal spasmodic paralysis. r Primary lateral sclerosis. 
2. Compound spinal spasmodic paralysis. 
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
Combined posterior and lateral sclerosis. 
Compression myelitis. 
Transverse myelitis. 
3. Secondary spinal spasmodic paralysis. PARALYSIS 
II. CEREBRAL PARALYSES. 
818 
PARAMASTITIS 
II. LESIONS OF THE CEREBRAL PYRAMIDAL TRACT 
AND MOTOR AREA OF CORTEX. 
Lesions of lenticular nucleus. 
Area of lenticulo-striate artery. 
1. Ordinary hemiplegia. 
2. Alternate hemiplegia. Lesions of crura and pons. 
3. Hemiplegia and hemianesthesia. Lesions in area of optostriate artery. 
4. Hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, and hemianopsia. 
5. Pre-hemiplegic chorea. 
6. Post-hemiplegic chorea. 
7. Athetosis. 
8. Post-hemiplegic continuous tremor and hemiataxia. 
Lesions in the area of the posterior external optic artery. 
Unilateral atrophy of the motor area of cortex. 
Porencephalus. 
9. Spastic hemiplegia of infancy. 
10. Unilateral convulsions and hemiplegia. Lesions of motor area of cortex. 
P., acute' ascend'ing, Landry's p. An obscure va- 
riety of spinal disease, which is most frequent in 
males between 20 and 40 years of age; characterized 
by rapid, progressive paraplegia and by absence 
of any appreciable organic change in the cord. P., 
acute' spi'nal, Infantile p.; Anterior poliomyelitis 
or Anterior cornual myelitis; disease chiefly of young 
children, characterized by suddenness of attack and 
by total or nearly total absence of reflexes. P. ag'- 
itans, Shaking palsy, Trembling palsy; variety of tre- 
mor in which the muscles are in a perpetual alterna- 
tion of contraction and relaxation, often accompanied 
by inco-ordination. P. ag'itans mercuria'lis, mer- 
curial palsy. P. ag'itans metal'lica, see Tremor. P. 
ag'itans saturni'na, lead palsy. P., alter'nate or 
crossed, paralysis of motion on one side and of sen- 
sation on the other. P., atroph'ic spi'nal, poliomy- 
elitis, acute anterior. P. atroph'ica, progressive 
muscular atrophy. P., Bell's, Bell's palsy, P. of the 
portio dura, Histrionic paralysis or palsy, Prosopo- 
paralysis or palsy ; paralysis of the face induced by a 
lesion of the portio dura, called Bell's palsy, owing 
to the fact that Sir Charles Bell was one of the 
first to investigate it minutely. P. beribe'ria, beri- 
beri. P., Brown-SGquard's, see Broum-Seguard. P., 
bul'bar, see Bulbar. P., cer'ebral, P. due to lesion 
situate in the brain. P., cer'ebral in'fantile, form 
of spastic hemiplegia occurring in children. P., cer'- 
ebro-spi'nal, P. in which the lesion is situate in 
the motor centres of the cortex of the brain or in 
the pyramidal tracts. P. of conver'gence, paralysis 
of internal recti, so far as associated movements 
to produce convergence are concerned, while they 
act normally when visual axes are parallel. P., 
cross, hemiplegia, alternate. P., diphtherit'ic, 
singular consequence at times of diphtheria super- 
vening when the patient is convalescing or apparently 
well. It may affect only the palate or pharynx, or be 
more general. P., direct, P. affecting the same side of 
the body as the cerebral lesion. P., diver's, see Caisson 
disease. P., Duchenne's, P., pseudo-hypertrophic. P. 
extremita'tum, acroparalysis. P. facia'lis, paralysis, 
Bell's. P. facie'i, paralysis, Bell's. P., feb'rile, P. oc- 
curring in the course of fever. P., essen'tial, acute spi- 
nal p. P., func'tional, paralysis not seemingly due to 
organic lesion, and usually disappearing in time. This 
includes those occurring from poisons, during and after 
fevers, after epilepsy or hysteria, and those of a reflex 
character. P., gen'eral, of the insane', paralysis 
of the insane. P., glos'so-la'bio-larynge'al, see 
Bidbar. P., glossopharynge'al, paralysis affecting the 
muscles of speech and deglutition. P., hemipleg'ic, see 
Hemiplegia. P., histrion'ic, paralysis, Bell's. P., hys- 
terical, P psychical. P., in'fantile, P., myogen'ic, 
acute anterior poliomyelitis. P. of in'fants, essen'- 
tial, paralysis, myogenic. P. of the insane', P., general, 
of insane, General paresis, Progressive paralysis of the ip- 
sane ; insanity combined with progressive paralysis of 
the muscular system; an incurable affection, which 
seems to increase as the powers of the mind diminish. 
Said by Weidl to depend on hypertrophy of the con- 
nective tissue of the minute vessels of the pia mater 
and cortical substance of the brain. P. insano'rum, 
P. of the insane. P. intesti'ni rec'ti, paralysis of 
the rectum. P. intestino'rum, paralysis of the 
intestines. P., Lan'dry's, paralysis, acute as- 
cending. P. lin'guse, paralysis of the tongue. 
P. medulla'rls, paraplegia. P, metal'lica, palsy, 
lead. P., mus'cular, progres'sive, atrophy, progres- 
sive muscular. P., myogen'ic, Infantile paralysis, 
Essential paralysis of infants ; partial muscular paraly- 
sis dating from very early life; probably due to some 
defect of conformation, and arising independently of 
any appreciable lesion of the nervous system. P., 
myopath'ic, P. in which the primary disease is situ- 
ate in the muscle or muscles affected. P., myoscle- 
ro'sic, P., pseudohypertrophic. P., myosclero'tic, P., 
pseudohypertrophic. P. ner'vi hypoglos'si, paraly- 
sis of the tongue. P. ner'vi thora'cis, paralysis 
of the muscles of the chest. P., neuropathic, 
P. in which the primary disease is seated in some 
part of the nervous system. P., neu'ral, P. in 
which the lesion is situated in the peripheral 
nerves. P. notario'rum, cramp, writer's. P., 
obstet'rical, paralysis of the infant due to injury re- 
ceived in its birth. P., organic, paralysis dependent 
upon organic lesion. P., paraplegic, paraplegia. P., 
periph'eric, atrophy, progressive. P., phonetic, para- 
lytic aphonia or dysphonia. P. ex plum'bo, lead 
palsy. P. from poi'sons, paralysis from action of 
lead, mercury, etc. P. of the portio dura, 
paralysis, Bell's. P., postepilep'tic, P. occurring as a 
sequence of epilepsy. P., postfeb'rile, P. as a se- 
quence of an attack of fever. P., progres'sive, of 
the insane, P. of the insane. P., pseudohyper- 
troph'ic, Myosclerosic or Myosclerotic paralysis or Palsy, 
Duchenne's paralysis; a condition characterized by dim- 
inution of the powers of motion, with augmentation 
of the volume of the paralyzed muscles. P., psychi- 
cal, Hysterical paralysis or palsy, Psychical palsy; 
paralysis associated with or dependent on hysteria; 
probably unconnected with organic disease of the 
nerve-centres or the motor nerves. P. rachial'gica, 
colica metallica. P., re'flex, palsy occasioned by irri- 
tation reflected through the excitomotory nerve sys- 
tem to parts in themselves healthy, as in the case of 
palsy from dentition, etc. Reflex paralysis would 
seem at times to assume the paraplegic form-reflex 
paraplegia. P., regres'sive, acute spinal p. P. re'- 
num, paralysis of the kidneys. P., sat'urnine, palsy, 
lead. P. scorbu'tica, pellagra. P., scriv'ener's, cramp, 
writer's. P., sen'sory, anaesthesia. P., spas'tic 
spi'nal, in which there is progressive motor paresis, 
with increase of reflexes and rigidity of muscles; 
often connected with sclerosis of lateral columns of 
the cord. P., spi'nal, paraplegia. P., spinoneu'ral, 
P. due to lesion of the anterior gray horns of the 
spinal cord and their upward prolongations, or of the 
fibres of the peripheral nerves connecting the gan- 
glion cells of these horns with the muscles. P. ex 
to'to, paralysis of the insane. P., tox'ic, P. from 
effect of poisons. P., trans'verse, alternate hemi- 
plegia. P. trem'ula, paralysis agitans. P. vac'illans, 
chorea. P. venena'ta, Paralysis from poisons; paraly- 
sis the result of poisonous substances, as of lead, mer- 
cury, etc. P. e vene'nis, P. venenata. P. ventric- 
uli, paralysis of the stomach. P., writer's, cramp, 
writer's. 
Paralyt'ic. Paralyzed, Palsied. Affected with or 
causing paralysis. P. stroke, invasion or attack of 
paralysis; see Stroke, paralytic. 
Paralyt'icus. Paralytic. 
Par'alyzed. Affected with paralysis ; paralytic. 
Paramastitis, par-ah-mas-te'tis {para, mastos, 
breast). Inflammation of connective tissue around 
the mammary gland. PARAMASTOID 
Paramas'toid. Jugular process of occipital bone; 
separate in some cases. Around the mastoid process. 
Paramecia, par-ah-me'se-ah (para, mekos, length). 
Longitudinal fissures. 
Paramedian, par-ah-me'de-an. Near or in the 
vicinity of the median line. P. sul'cus, furrow on 
cervical spinal cord near posterior median fissure, 
separating column of Goll from funiculus cuneatus. 
An anterior p. s. is sometimes found near the anterior 
median fissure. 
Paramen'ia (para, men, month). Mismenstruation. 
Difficult menstruation. Disordered menstruation. P. 
diffic'ilis, dysmenorrhoea. P. error'is, menstruation, 
vicarious. P. obstructio'nis, amenorrhoea. P. pro- 
fu'sa, menorrhagia. P. super'flua, menorrhagia. 
Paramenisper'min. Neutral principle, having the 
same composition as menispermin, derived from Coc- 
culus Indicus. 
Parame'ria (para, meros, thigh). Internal parts of 
the thigh. Eastern shrub, reputed to yield pagularay 
balsam. Vulneraria. 
Paramerid'ius. Pertaining to the femur or thigh. 
Param'esos (para, mesos, middle). Annular finger. 
See Digitus. 
Paramet'ric (metra, womb). Near the uterus. 
Parametritis, par-ah-met-re'tis (para, metra, uterus). 
Literally, inflammation of tissues in the immediate 
vicinity of the uterus; generally considered to denote 
an inflammation of the cellular tissue between the 
uterus and the peritoneum, although extended to in- 
clude inflammation of any other portion of that tis- 
sue within the pelvis-as Parasalpingitis and Paro- 
ophoritis, inflammation of the cellular tissue sur- 
rounding the Fallopian tube and ovary respectively. 
Periuterine phlegmon, Pelvic cellulitis, Subperitoneal in- 
flammation, and Inflammation of the uterine appendages 
may be regarded as synonymous with parametritis. 
When the disease terminates in suppuration, it is 
called Pelviperitonitis and Metroperitonitis, though not 
strictly synonymous with them; it implies an inflam- 
mation of the uterine peritoneum, including also Peri- 
salpingitis and Perioophoritis-inflammation of the 
peritoneum in relation with the Fallopian tube and 
ovary respectively. P. puerperal'is, parametritis 
during the puerperal state. 
Paramet'rium. Subserous tissue on lateral surface 
of uterus and vagina and at origin of broad liga- 
ments. 
Paramimia, par-ah-mim'e-ah (para, mimeomai, to 
mimic). Disordered expression; use of tone or ges- 
ture not in accord with words employed. 
Paramitom, par-ah-mit'om (para, mitos, web). 
Fluid substance enveloping the mitom, hyaloplasm, 
or euchylema. Heteroplasm. 
Paramnesia, par-am-na'ze-ah (para, a, priv., mnesis, 
memory). Defective or false memory. 
Paramoe'cium (para, moichos, adulterer). Form 
of parasitic infusoria sometimes met with in the cae- 
cum and colon. 
Paramonobromoacetan'ilid. Antisepsin; obtained 
by action of bromine on solution of acetanilid in gla- 
cial acetic acid; crystallizes in large pearl-colored 
prisms, insoluble in cold water, odorless and tasteless; 
recommended as an antiseptic. 
Paramor'phia (para, morphe, form). Morbid form or 
structure. 
Paramor'phine. Paramorphia, Thebaina, Thebaine. 
Principle discovered in the precipitate thrown down 
from infusion of opium, treated with milk of lime; 
resembles narcotine. 
Param'ylum (para, amulon, starch). Starch-like 
granules found in some infusoria. 
Paramyoclo'nus multiplex. Convulsive tremor 
characterized by clonic spasms in a number of sym- 
metrical muscles. Spasms cease during sleep, and do 
not interfere with voluntary movements. 
Paramyosinogen, par-ah-mi-o-sin'o-jen. Proteid 
of muscle-plasma, coagulating at 47° C.; precipitated 
by magnesium sulphate or sodium chloride. 
Paramyoton'ia, congenital. Curious and unusual 
family affection, similar to Thomsen's disease in its 
819 
PARAPHRENIA 
symptoms, generally affecting the facial muscles, but 
also those of the extremities. 
Paramyotonus, par-ah-me-o-to'nus (para, mus, 
muscle, tonos, tone). Disordered muscular tonicity, 
causing liability to spasm on slight provocation. 
Paransesthe'sia (para, excess, anaisthesia, loss of 
sensation). Loss of sensation in all lower parts of 
the body, including the lower part of the abdomen. 
Paranephri'tis. Inflammation of the renal cap- 
sules. 
Paraneph'rus (para, nephros, kidney). Renal cap- 
sule. 
Paraneurys'mus (para, neuron, nerve). Nerve dis- 
order. 
Paran'gi. Epidemic skin disease of Ceylon, per- 
haps identical with yaws. 
Paranoe'a or Paranoi'a (para, nous, understanding). 
Unsoundness of mind ; hereditary or acquired chronic 
mental instability; protopathic insanity; monomania 
with delusions. 
Paranoe'ic. Pertaining to or affected with para- 
noia. 
Paranoi'ac. Person affected by paranoia. 
Paranucleus, par-ah-nu'kle-us. Name given to 
smaller nucleus of two contained in a cell. 
Paranym'phus (paranumphos, para, numphe, a 
young spouse, a bride). A name given by the ancients 
to him who led the bride to the house of her husband. 
In ancient schools of medicine, the discourse pro- 
nounced at the end of the prescribed period of study 
for licentiate, in which the qualifications, etc. of the 
candidate were described. 
Paraoxymethylacetanilide, par-ah-ox-e-meth-il- 
as-et-an'il-eed. Methacetine. 
Paraparesis, par-ah-par'es-is (para, pariemi, to re- 
lax). Partial paraplegia. 
Parapathi'a (para,pathos, affection). Pathomania; 
moral insanity. 
Parapechyon, par-ah-pek'e-on (para, peehus, elbow). 
Radius. 
Parapectin, par-ah-pek'tin. Substance found in 
fleshy fruits. 
Parapep'tone. Body formed by digestion of albu- 
min with an insufficiency of pepsin, or with dilute 
hydrochloric acid alone at 40° C.; insoluble in water, 
soluble in dilute acids and alkalies, and convertible 
into peptone only through tryptic digestion ; identical 
with antialbumate. 
Paraphasia, par-ah-faz'e-ah (para, aphasia, speech- 
lessness). Speaking one word when another is in- 
tended, or mispronunciation of words, due to cere- 
bral disorder. 
Paraphenylendiamine, par-ah-fen-il-en'de-am-een. 
Isomer of metaphenylendiamine; produces marked 
exophthalmus when injected into some animals. 
Paraph'ia (para, haphe, touch). Sense of touch or 
general feeling vitiated or lost. 
Paraphimosis, par-ah-fim-o'sis (para, phimoo, to 
bridle). Strangulation of the glans penis by the 
prepuce withdrawn behind it. 
Paraphobia, par-ah-fo'be-ah (para, phobos, dread). 
Hydrophobia. 
Paraphonia, par-ah-fo'ne-ah (para, phone, voice). 
Affection of the voice when its character or timbre is 
less agreeable; morbid alteration of the voice. P. 
clan'gens, sharp tone of voice. P. guttura'lis, defec- 
tive articulation from diseased palate. P. nasa'lis, 
nasal voice. P. palati'na, abnormal voice due to 
malformation of palate. P. pu'berum, egophony. P. 
rauca, roughness of voice. P. ulcero'sa, shrill voice 
from ulceration of the larynx. 
Paraphora, par-af'o-rah (para, phero, to carry). 
Delirium; paracope. 
Paraphrasia, par-ah-frah'ze-ah (para, phrasis, tell- 
ing). Disordered or incoherent speech. 
Paraphrenesis, par-ah-fren-a'sis (para, phren, mind). 
Paraphrenitis. P. diaphragmat'ica, inflammation of 
the diaphragm. 
Paraphre'nia, Paraphrenitis (par-ah-fren-e'tis), or 
Paraphrene'sis (para, phren, mind, or phrenes, dia- 
phragm). Name given to inflammation of the PARAPH RODIASIS 
diaphragm, which was supposed always to produce 
delirium-as well as to the delirium itself accom- 
panying that affection. See Phrenitis. 
Paraphrodiasis, par-af-ro-de'as-is (para, Aphrodite, 
Venus). Morbid or perverted sexual desire. 
Paraphronesis (par-ah-fron-a'sis) or Paraphros'yne 
(para, phronesis, mental derangement). Delirium; 
mental disorder of mild or transitory type. 
Paraphymata, par-ah-fim'at-ah (para, beside, 
phuma, growth). Organic diseases with local mani- 
festations. 
Paraphyte, par'a-fite. Diseased condition due to, 
or associated with, proliferation. 
Par'aplasm or Paraplas'ma (para, plasso, to form). 
Abnormal or heteroplastic growth; malformation. 
Substance filling meshes of reticulum of protoplasm. 
Paraplas'tic (para, plastikos, formative). Possessed 
of depraved formative powers, as carcinoma, enceph- 
aloma, melanosis, etc. 
Paraplectic, par-a-plek'tik (para, plesso, to strike). 
Paraplegic; tending to produce paraplegia; paralyzed. 
Paraplegia, par-ah-ple'je-ah (para, plesso, to strike). 
Palsy of the lower half of the body, including the 
bladder and rectum; generally owing to disease of 
some part of the cerebrospinal axis, especially of the 
spinal portion. Incomplete apoplexy. Some authors 
have also made a distinction between paraplegia and 
paraplexia, using the former for partial apoplexy, 
the latter for general or complete apoplexy. P., alco- 
hol'ic, P. from chronic alcoholism, probably peripheral 
neuritis rather than a morbid condition of the spinal 
cord itself. P., atax'lc, sclerosis of posterior and lateral 
columns of the spinal cord, with symptoms of loco- 
motor ataxia and spastic paraplegia. P., cer'vical, 
paralysis of upper and lower extremities on both 
sides, due to spinal disease. P., congen'ital spas'- 
tic, P. due to meningeal hemorrhage at time of birth. 
P. doloro'sa, paraplegia attended with intense parox- 
ysmal pain along the course of nerves, generally caused 
by tumor of the cord. P., hys'tero-traumat'ic, hys- 
terical variety of p., dependent on injury. P., or- 
gan'ic, P. from lesion of the great nervous centres. 
P., pain'ful, P. dolorosa. P., pri'mary spas'tic, lat- 
eral sclerosis, due to lesion of the spinal cord above 
the lumbar enlargement, tonic spasm being a chief 
symptom. P., re'flex, see Paralysis, reflex. P., spas- 
modic, spas'tic, or tet'anoid, P. from lateral sclero- 
sis of the spinal cord. 
Paraple'gic. Pertaining to or affected with para- 
plegia. 
Parapleuritis, par-ah-plu-re'tis. Pleurodynia; 
slight pleuritis. 
Paraplex'ia. Paraplegia; slight apoplexy. 
Parapoie'sis or ParapoB'sis (para, poieo, to do). 
Disturbance of function. 
Parapophyses, par-ap-of'is-ees. See Vertebra and 
Capitular process. 
Parapoph'ysis. Process in other animals than 
man corresponding with lower transverse process of 
the vertebrae. 
Parap'oplexy (para, apoplexia). Slight apoplexy; 
a soporous state resembling apoplexy, and especially 
that which occurs in pernicious intermittents. 
Paraprocti'tis. Phlegmonous inflammation of 
connective tissue surrounding the rectum. 
Paraproc'tium (para, proktos, anus). Connective 
tissue surrounding the rectum. 
Parap'sis (para, haptomai, to touch). Sense of touch 
or general feeling injured or destroyed. P. a'crls, 
teneritu'do, soreness. P. ex'pers, torpor; anaesthesia. 
P. illuso'ria, pseudaesthesia. P. pruri'tus, itching. 
Parapyram'idal sulcus. Furrow in medulla oblon- 
gata running obliquely from anterior median fissure, 
upward and outward, to sulcus lateralis ventralis. 
Pararabin, par-ar'ab-in. Constituent of sugar-beet, 
converted by boiling with alkalies into arabic acid. 
Pararec'tal pouch. Depression in the peritoneum 
behind the broad ligament and at the sides of the 
rectum. 
Parareducine, par-ah-red-u'seen. Alkaloid found 
in urine. 
820 
PARASITE 
Pararhotacismus, par-ah-rho-tah-siz'mus. Defect in 
speech from substitution of some other sound for that 
of r. 
Parar'ma. Fimbria. 
Pararrhyth'micus or Pararrhyth'mus {para, rhuth- 
mos, rhythm). An epithet applied to the pulse when 
it has not the rhythm proper to the age and constitu- 
tion of the individual. 
Pararthre'ma {para, arthron, joint). Incomplete 
luxation; subluxation. 
Pararthria, par-ar'thre-ah {para, arthroo, to articu- 
late). Disordered and difficult articulation. P. 
litera'lis paret'ica, stammering. P. syllaba'ris 
spas'tica, stuttering. 
Pararthrosis, par-ar-thro'sis. Production of in- 
complete luxation or subluxation. 
Parasalpingitis {para, salpinx, a tube). Inflam- 
mation of the cellular tissue in immediate relation 
with the Fallopian tube. See Parametritis. 
Parascepas'tra {para, skepastron, bandage). A cap 
or bandage which covers the whole head. 
Parasceu'e {para, skeue, equipment). Apparatus. 
Paras'chides {para, schizo, to cleave). Fragments 
or splinters of a broken bone. 
Parasecre'tion. Abnormal secretion as to quality, 
quantity, etc. 
Parasemia, par-ah-sa'me-ah. Feigned asemia. 
Parasigmatismus, par-ah-sig-mat-iz'mus {para, 
beside, sigma, Greek letter <r). Defective speech in 
which other letters are used in place of s or sh. 
Parasinoidal (par-a-si-noi'dal) spaces. Hollow 
spaces in the dura mater near the superior longitudi- 
nal sinus, into which the cerebral veins discharge 
before reaching the sinus; Pacchionian bodies lie 
therein. 
Parasi'tse. Diseases of the skin in which parasites 
are invariably present, as tinea tonsurans. 
Par'asite {parasiteo, para, sites, corn, food, to eat 
by the side of). Organism, animal or vegetable, 
living during the whole or part of its existence in 
or on the body of some other organism. A foetus 
or part of a foetus living by means of the circulation 
of another foetus. 
Human parasites are both animal and vegetable. The 
former include Entozoa (animals living in the interior 
of the human body) and Ectozoa (those which infest 
the exterior). Vegetables parasites are the Entophyta 
and Epiphyta, the former existing in the interior of 
the body, the latter on the exterior. The simplest 
arrangement of entozoa includes CteZeZminfAa {koilos, 
hollow, h el mins, worm), hollow worms; Sterelmintha 
{stereos, solid), solid worms; and Accidental parasites. 
The following table, made up from various sources, 
probably includes most of the human parasites worthy 
of mention, as well as the locality usually inhabited by 
them (Aitken). A few additional forms of fungous and 
other parasitic vegetations might be added. See Fungus. 
Table of Human Parasites. 
I. Entozoa. 
Acephalocystis endogenaLiver. 
" multifidaBrain. 
Anchylostoma . . Intestines. 
Anthomyia canicularis " 
Ascaris alata " 
" lumbricoldes " 
" my stax " 
Bilharzia hsematobiaPortal and venous 
system. 
Bothriocephalus cordatusIntestines. 
" latus " 
Cysticercus cellulose or telse cellulosae 
(C. of taenia solium)Muscles. 
Cysticercus of taenia marginata (C. 
tenuicollis)Intestines. 
Dactylitis aculeatusUrinary bladder. 
Diplosoma crenatus " " 
Distoma or Distomum crassum .... Duodenum. 
" haematobiaPortal and venous 
system. 
" hepaticumGall-bladder. 
" heterophyesIntestines. 
" lanceolatiimHepatic duct. 
" oculi humani or ophthalmo- 
bium .... Capsule of crystalline. PARASITIA 
Ditrachyceras nidusIntestines. 
Dracunculus medinensisSkin and areolar tis- 
sue. 
Echinococcus hominis (hydatid of tae- 
nia echinococcus)Liver, spleen, and 
omentum. 
Eustrongylus bronchialisBronchial tubes. 
" gigasKidney, intestines. 
Fasciola hepaticaGall-bladder. 
Filaria bronchialis or trachealis . . . Bronchial glands. 
" medinensisSkin and areolar tis- 
sue. 
" oculi or lentisEye. 
Hexathrydium pinguicolaOvary. 
" venarumVenous system. 
Monostoma lentisCrystalline. 
CEstrus hominisIntestines. 
Oxyuris vermicularis " 
Pentastoma constrictum " and liver. 
" denticulatum " " 
Polystoma pinguicolaOvary. 
" sanguicola or venarum . . Venous system. 
Sclerostoma duodenaleIntestines. 
Spiroptera hominisUrinary bladder. 
Strongylus bronchialisBronchial tubes. 
" gigas (Ascaris renalis) . . Kidney, intestines. 
Teenla acanthotriasIntestines. 
" elliptica " 
" flavapuncta " 
" lophosoma " 
" medio-canellata " 
" nana " and liver. 
" solium " " 
Tetrastoma renaleKidney. 
Trichina spiralisMuscles. 
Trichocephalus disparIntestines. 
II. Ectozoa. 
Acarus folliculorumSebaceous substance 
of cutaneous folli- 
cles. 
" scabiei (itch-insect)Scabies. 
Demodex folliculorumSebaceous substance 
of cutaneous folli- 
cles. 
Pediculus capitis (head-louse); 
" corporis or vestimenti (body- 
louse) ; 
" palpebrarum (brow-louse); 
" pubis, phthirius inguinalis 
(crab-louse); 
" tabescentiumPhtheiriasis (lousy 
disease). 
Pulex penetrans (chigoe)Skin, cellular tissue. 
Sarcoptes scabiei (itch-insect) .... Scabies. 
III. Entophyta and Epiphyta. 
Achorion Lebertii (trichophyton ton- 
surans) Tinea tonsurans. 
Achorion Schonleinii " favosa. 
Chionyphe Carteri (fungus of my- 
cetoma) Deep tissue, bones of 
hand and feet. 
Leptothrix buccalis (alga of the 
mouth). 
Microsporon AudouiniTinea decalvans. 
" furfur " versicolor. 
" mentagrophytes .... Follicles of hair in 
sycosis or mentagra. 
O'idium albicans (thrush fungus) . . Mouth, mucous and 
cutaneous surfaces. 
Puccinia faviTinea favosa. 
Sarcina ventriculiStomach. 
Torula cerevisiae (Cryptococcus cere- 
visise, yeast-plant)Stomach, bladder, etc. 
Trichophyton sporuloldesTinea polonica. 
To this table may be added the various micro-or- 
ganisms, including bacteria, bacilli, micrococci, etc., 
which have been revealed by modern investigations 
as parasitic in the human system. 
Parasitia, par-as-it'e-ah. Parasitism. 
Parasitic. Having the nature of, or resembling, 
a parasite-as parasitic growths, p. tubercles, p. can- 
cer, p. monster, etc. P. diseases, such as are induced 
by or connected with animal or vegetable parasites; 
see Porrigo favosa, Psora, etc. 
Parasiticide, par-a-sit'i-side (parasite, csedo, to kill). 
Destructive to parasites; antiparasitic. 
Par'asitism. Condition of a parasite or of an or- 
ganized structure or body living on another organized 
body. P., intes'tinal, helminthiasis. P., superficial, 
see Malis. 
821 
PARATRICHOSIS 
Parasitogeny, par-a-si-toj'en-e (parasite, gennao, to 
beget). Parasitogenesis. Corporeal condition which 
favors the development of parasites. The generation 
of parasites. 
Parasi'toid (parasite, eidos, resemblance). Para- 
sitic. 
Parasi'tus. Parasite. 
Parasor'bic ac'id. Aromatic, oily liquid acid from 
mountain-ash berries. 
Paraspa'dia (para, spao, to draw). Preternatural 
opening of the urethra at the side of the penis. One 
whose urethra opens in this manner is called Para- 
spadiseus and Paraspadias. 
Paraspadiseus, par-as-pad-e-e'us. See Paraspadia. 
Parasphagis, par-as-fag'is (para, sphage, throat). 
Part of the neck contiguous to the clavicles. 
Paras'tata (para, near, istemi, to stand). Prostate; 
epididymis. The epididymes were called Varicosie 
parastatse, to distinguish them from Glandulosse paras- 
tatse or prostate. The tub® Fallopian® were also called 
Parastatse varicosse. P. adenoi'des, prostate. P. cir- 
soi'des, epididymis. P. glandula, prostate. P. glan- 
dulo'sa, prostate. 
Parastatadenitis, par-as-tat-ad-en-e'tis. Prosta- 
titis. 
Paras 'tates. Parastata. 
Parastati'tis (parastata, epididymis). Epididy- 
mitis. Inflammation of the epididymis. Prostatitis. 
Parasteato'ses. Class of cutaneous diseases in 
which secretion is altered. 
Parasteatosis, par-ah-ste-at-o'sis {para, beside, 
stear, fat). Steatosis characterized by altered secre- 
tion. 
Paraster'nal line. Line drawn from the clavicle 
to the costal arch, parallel to the edge of the sternum 
and about 8 cm. from it. P. re'gion, region between 
margin of sternu m and parasternal line. 
Parastrem'ma (para, strepho, to turn). Paras- 
trophe. Distortion. Convulsive distortion, especially 
of the face, the soft parts being drawn laterally. 
Parastrep'sis (same etymon). Parasthrema. 
Paras'trophe. Parastremma. 
Parasynan'che. Cynanche parotid®a. 
Parasynovitis, par-ah-sin-o-ve'tis (para, synovia). 
Inflammation of tissue about joint. 
Parasyphilitic, par-a-sif-il-it'ik. Caused by syph- 
ilis, but not having its symptoms. 
Parasystole, par-ah-sis'to-le (para, sustole, contrac- 
tion). Interval between systole and diastole. Aci- 
nesia. 
Paratar'sia (para, tarsos, tarsus). Dislocation of 
the tarsal bones. 
Paratarta'ric acid. Racemic acid. 
Parath'enar (para, thenar, sole of the foot). Parse- 
thenar. Winslow called parathenar major a portion 
of the abductor of the little toe, musculus scandula- 
rius; and parathenar minor the short flexor of that 
toe. P. ma'jor, abductor minimi digiti pedis. P. 
mi'nor, flexor brevis minimi digiti pedis. 
Parathioformaldehyde, par-ah-the-o-form-al'de- 
hid. Crystalline substance) formula C3H6S3, identical 
with paraformaldehyde. 
Parathionic (par-a-the-on'ik) acid. Acid ethyl 
sulphate. 
Parathymia, par-ah-thim'e-ah (para, thumos, mind). 
Mental overwork. 
Parat'oloid. Koch's tuberculin or lymph employed 
in tuberculosis; so named by him. 
Paratolyl, par-ah-tol'il. Phosphine. Liquid with 
a very strong odor, which gives rise to headache and 
bleeding of the nose. 
Paraton'ia (para, tonos, tension). See Spasm. 
Overstraining; excitement. 
Paratop'ia (para, topos, place). Luxation. 
Paratop'i®. Diseases in which organs are re- 
moved from their proper position. See Ectopia. 
Paratremma, par-ah-trem'mah. Paratrimma. 
Paratricho'ses (pl. of Paratrichosis). Class of 
skin diseases, embracing trichorrhesis nodosa and 
trichoptilosis. 
Paratrichosis, par-ah-trik-o'sis (para, beside, thrix, PARATRIMMA 
hair). Variety of trichosis in which growth of hair 
is of abnormal quality. 
Paratrim'ma (para, tribo, to rub). Chafing. In- 
tertrigo. 
Paratrip'tic. Tending to produce paratrimma. 
Parat'rope (para, trepo, to turn). Atrophy. 
Parat'rophy (para, trophe, nourishment). Misnu- 
trition; hypertrophy. 
Paratu'do. See Gomphrena. 
Paratu'ra. Plant, native of Brazil; root has tonic 
properties. 
Paratyphlitis, par-ah-tif-le'tis (para, typhlitis, in- 
flammation of the caecum). Inflammation of the 
connective tissue behind or in the vicinity of the 
caecum. 
Paratypicus, par-ah-tip'ik-us. Not corresponding 
to a regular type ; said of diseases. 
Parau'terine. In the vicinity of the uterus. P. 
celluli'tis, parametritis. 
Paravagini'tis. Paracolpitis or inflammation of 
the connective tissue behind or in the vicinity of the 
vagina. 
Paravertebral, par-ah-vur'te-bral. Situate beside 
or in the vicinity of the vertebral column. 
Paraves'ical pouch. Peritoneal pocket on either 
side of the bladder. 
Paraxanthine, par-ah-zan'theen. C7H8N4O2. Leuco- 
maine found in minute quantity in normal urine. 
See Leucoma/ines (table of). 
Paraxial, par-aks'e-al. Situate along the vertical 
axis. P. mus'cles, those along the vertebral axis, 
consisting of outer part of erector spin® and its con- 
tinuations and intercostal group (scaleni, abdominal 
muscles, etc.). 
Parazobn, par-ah-zo'on (para, zobn, animal). Animal 
parasite. 
Parazygo'sis (para, zugob, to join together). Con- 
dition or formation of monster by union of trunks 
above the umbilicus. It includes xiphopagus, thora- 
copagus, and pleuropagus. 
Parch'ment skin. Hard, dry, wrinkled condition 
of skin, result of diffuse idiopathic atrophy. Xero- 
derma of Hebra and Kaposi. It sometimes occurs in 
several children of the same family, and is fatal. 
Pardalian'ches (pardalis, a panther, ancho, to 
strangle). Aconitum. 
Pardalian'chum. Aconitum. 
Pardanthus (par-dan'thus) Chinen'sis. Leopard- 
flower, native of China, where decoction of root is 
applied externally to poisoned wounds, and the pulp 
to bites of snakes. 
Pareccceloma, par-ek-se-lo'mah (para, ek, out, koiloo, 
to make hollow). Diverticulum ; abnormal accessory 
cavity. 
Parec'crises (pl. of Pareccrisis). Diseases involv- 
ing the secretions. 
Parec'tama (para, ek, out, teino, to stretch). Im- 
moderate extension, distension, or dilatation of a 
part, as of the heart. 
Parec'tasis. Abnormal extension or dilatation of 
a part.' See Pararthrema and Parectama. 
Paredria, par-ed're-ah (para, beside, hedra, seat). 
Complications existing in a disease. 
Paregor'ic (paregoreo, to soothe, to calm). That 
which soothes or assuages, as paregoric elixir. An 
anodyne. P. ellx'ir, tinctura opii camphorata. P. 
root, Myrrhis odorata. P. tinc'ture, tinctura opii 
camphorata. 
Parei'a. Cheek. 
Parei'ra. See Pareira brava. Preparations: Ex- 
tractum pareira fluidum ; infusum pareirse (unofficinal). 
P. bra'va, Wild Vine, Velvet leaf; fam. Menispermeae. 
Pareira (Ph. U. S.), the root of Chondodendron tomen- 
tosum, a tree of South America and the West Indies, 
has a sweet taste, with considerable bitterness and 
slight roughness. It has been recommended in 
nephritic and calculous affections. Tonic stimulant 
to genito-urinary mucous membrane. P. rad'ix 
(B. Ph.), pareira. 
Pareirine, par-i'reen. Alkaloid, active principle 
of pareira; motor and respiratory paralyzant. P. 
822 
PARHIDROSIS 
hydrochlo'rate, salt of pareirine employed as an anti- 
periodic in malaria. 
Parekkrisis, par-ek'kris-is (para, ekkrisis, secre- 
tion). Disordered secretion. 
Parelectron'oniy. Condition of diminished force 
of muscular electrical current when natural section 
of muscle is preserved. 
Parempto'sis (paremptosis, intrusion). See Coinci- 
dentia. Also form of amaurosis. 
Parencephalis, par-en-sef'al-is (para, enkephalos, 
the brain). Cerebellum. 
Parencephali'tis (parencephalis, itis). Cerebellitis. 
Parencephalocele, par-en-sef-al-o-se'le (Eng. par- 
en-sef'al-o-seel) (parencephalis, kele, rupture). Hernia 
of the cerebellum. A rare disease, which occurs under 
the form of a soft, indolent, or slightly painful tumor, 
without change in the color of the skin, and is sit- 
uate in the occipital region. It is constituted of the 
cerebellum, which escapes through an aperture in the 
occipital bone. Great attention must be paid not to 
mistake it for an ordinary tumor, as its extirpation 
would be attended with fatal consequences. 
Parenceph'alum. Cerebellum. 
Parenceph'alus. One with defective or unsymmet- 
rical development of the encephalon ot of the cere- 
bellum. 
Parenchyma, par-en'kim-ah. Texture of glandu- 
lar and other organs, composed of agglomerated glob- 
ules united by areolar tissue, and tearing with more 
or less facility. Such is the texture of the liver, kid- 
neys, etc. According to Virchow, it includes the pecu- 
liar constituents of an organ which give it its specific 
character, its proper parenchyma, in contradistinc- 
tion to its merely interstitial tissue. Parenchyma sig- 
nifies, in Greek, effusion (para, en, chuo, to pour), and 
it was believed that this tissue consisted of effused 
blood or other fluid. P., gland'ular, gland-substance, 
P. tes'tis, pulpa testis. 
Paren'chymal. Parenchymatous, Parenchymous. Be- 
longing or relating to the parenchyma of an organ. 
Parenchymatitis, par-en-kim-at-e'tis (parenchyma, 
itis). Inflammation of the substance of an organ. 
Parenchy'matous. Parenchymal. P. degenera'- 
tion, cloudy swelling. P. neuri'tis, neuritis in which 
nerve-elements are primarily involved. 
Parenchymepatitis, par-en-kim-ep-at-e'tis (paren- 
chyma, hepatitis, inflammation of the liver). Paren- 
chymatous hepatitis. 
Parencranis, par-en-kran'is. Cerebellum. 
Pa'rent cell. See Cell. 
Parepidid'ymis (para, epididymis). Organ of Gi- 
raldes. 
Parepithymia, par-ep-e-thim'e-ah (para, epithumia, 
lust). Morbid desire. 
Parerethesis (par-er-eth'es-is) or Parerethis'mus 
(para, erithrizo, to excite). Morbid excitement. 
Par'esifying (paresis, facio, to make). Producing 
paralysis, as paresifying mental disease, the paralysis 
of the insane. 
Paresis, par'es-is (pariemi, to relax). Diminution 
of motor power; slight, incomplete paralysis, affect- 
ing motion, but not sensation; but by some regarded 
as synonymous with paralysis. P., can'tatory, inabil- 
ity to use the voice by singers, due to over-exertion of 
muscles of larynx. P., gen'eral, paralysis, general. 
P., sat'urnine, lead palsy. 
Paresthesis, par-es-the'sis (para, aisthesis, sensa- 
tion). Pariesthesis, Paresthesia. Congenital miscon- 
struction of the external organs of sense; perversion 
of sensibility. 
Paretic, par-et'ik. Pertaining to or affected with 
paresis. One affected with paresis. P. demen'tia, 
general paralysis. 
Paret'ica exarthro'sis. Luxation from relaxation 
of the ligaments of a joint. 
Paret'icus (paretos, relaxed). Relaxant. 
Pareunia, par-u'ne-ah (para, eune, bed). Coitus. 
Parey'ra. Pareira brava. 
Parhsemasise, par-he-mah'ze-e (para, haima, blood). 
Diseases of the sanguineous system. 
Parhidro'sis. Paridrosis. PARICINE 
Paricine, par'is-een. C16H18N2O. Alkaloid associ- 
ated with quinamine in bark of Cinchona siccirubra. 
Paridin, par'id-in. Glucoside, CirHssOt, obtained 
from herb and root of Paris quadrifolia. 
Paridol, par'id-ol. Decomposition product, C26H14O9, 
of paridin. 
Paridro'ses (pl. of Paridrosis). Affections of the 
sweat apparatus. 
Paridrosis, par-id-ro'sis (para, beside, hidrosis, per- 
spiration). Disordered condition of perspiration. 
Pari'era. Pareira brava. 
Pa'ries (wall). Table. See Parietes. 
Parietal, par-i'e-tal. Appertaining to the parietes 
or walls of an organ or to the parietal bones. P. 
an'gle of Bro'ca, angle between lines from auricular 
point to bregma and lambda. P. an'gle of Lis'sauer, 
angle between lines drawn in median plane of skull 
from parietal eminence to bregma and lambda. P. 
an'gle of Qua'trefages, angle expressive of projection 
of points on parietal bone with reference to zygomatic 
arch; anterior, lines drawn from most prominent part 
of arch through stephanion; posterior, from same 
point through the parietal protuberance. P. arc, on 
surface from bregma to lambda. P. arch'es, formed 
by convolutions of convex surface of cerebral hemi- 
sphere curving around end of Sylvian fissure; more 
apparent in lower animals than in man. P. a'rea, 
see Areas of skull. P. ar'teries, branches from mid- 
dle cerebral supplying central convolutions, parietal 
lobe, and outer surface of temporal lobe. P. bend or 
flex'ure, flexure occurring at most projecting por- 
tion of mesencephalon in course of development 
of cerebro-spinal axis. P. bones are two fellow- 
bones occupying the lateral and upper parts of 
the cranium, in the formation of which they assist. 
They have a quadrilateral shape; their external sur- 
face is convex, and presents at its middle part an 
eminence called the Parietal protuberance. Their inner 
or cerebral surface, which is concave, has a depres- 
sion that corresponds with the preceding eminence, 
and which is called the Parietal fossa. Above and 
behind, near the superior edge of these bones, is a 
foramen, which does not always exist, called the 
Parietal foramen, through which passes a vein- 
parietal vein-that opens into the superior longitudi- 
nal sinus of the dura mater; and an artery-parietal 
artery. Each parietal bone is articulated above with 
its fellow; below, with the temporal; before, with the 
frontal; behind, with the occipital; and by the anterior 
and inferior angle with the great ala of the sphenoid ; 
and is developed from a single point of ossification. 
P. convolutions, situate upon parietal lobe, three: 
ascending, passing up and back along central sulcus ; 
superior and inferior, separated by intraparietal sulcus, 
and from ascending by post-central. The superior ap- 
pears on the median surface as the quadrate lobule, also 
called prsecuneus; inferior borders upon posterior 
branch of Sylvian fissure, and is there called supra- 
marginal gyrus; posteriorly it winds around the end of 
the parallel sulcus connecting with middle temporal 
convolution, and is there known as angular gyrus. P. 
diam'eters relate to the parietal regions of the skull, 
usually biparietal d. or distance between the parietal 
protuberances. The maximum p. d. does not neces- 
sarily coincide with this. The inferior p. d., between 
points upon posterior root of zygoma, vertically, over 
upper edge of auricular foramen ;> see also Bi-auricular 
diameter. P. em'inence, most prominent part of ex- 
ternal surface of P. bone. P. em'issary vein, commu- 
nication between superior longitudinal sinus and veins 
of the scalp through the parietal foramen. P. eye, eye- 
like extension of pineal gland, found betweenthe pari- 
etal bones in certain lower vertebrates. P. fora'men, 
P. fos'sa, see Parietal bone. P. lobe, posterior up- 
per portion of the two hemispheres; convex surface 
bounded in front by central sulcus, below by posterior 
branches of Sylvian fissure and temporal lobe, behind 
by parieto-occipital fissure, transverse occipital sulcus, 
and occipital lobe; median surface bounded in front 
by ascending part of calloso-marginal sulcus,. below 
by subparietal sulcus and falciform lobe, behind by 
823 
PARISAGOGGE INTESTINORUM 
parieto-occipital sulcus. P. lob'ules, portions of pari- 
etal lobe situate behind ascending parietal convolu- 
tion ; the superior and inferior are separated by the 
intraparietal sulcus. P. nerves, branches from auric- 
ulo-temporal to parotid gland. P. notch, indentation 
between squamous and mastoid portions of temporal 
bone, into which fits the postero-inferior angle of 
the parietal. P. perito'neum, see Peritoneum. P. 
pleu'ra, see Pleura. P. por'tion of pericar'dium, 
outer portion separated from the heart by the peri- 
cardial cavity. P. protu'berance, parietal eminence. 
P. quad'rangle, formed by lines connecting two 
sphenia and two entomia. P. sec'tor, area in median 
plane of skull between lines drawn from hormion to 
bregma and lambda. P. seg'ment, posterior segment 
of mitral valve. P. sul'cus, intraparietal sulcus. P. 
ver'tebra, in vertebral theory of skull, the complex 
formed by basisphenoid, alisphenoid, and parietal 
bones; some include also the temporals. See Cranial 
vertebrae. 
Parieta'ria {paries, wall, because found on old 
wralls). Wall pellitory; ord. Urticese. This plant con- 
tains much nitrate of potassium, and wras formerly 
largely employed as a diuretic and also as an emol- 
lient. P. Pennsylva'nica, American pellitory; small 
weed, flowering from June to August; has been used, 
in juice or decoction, as a diuretic, deobstruent, and 
emmenagogue. 
Pari'etes. Name given to parts which form the 
enclosures or limits of different cavities of the body, 
as the Parietes of the cranium, chest, etc. 
Parietic acid, par-e-et'ik as'id. Chrysophanic acid. 
Parietin'ic ac'id. Chrysophanic acid. 
Parieti'nus. Parietal. 
Parieto-hsemal (par-i'e-to-he'mal) arch. Hyoidean 
arch. 
Pari'eto-ju'gal in'dex. Ratio of greatest trans- 
verse and bizygomatic diameters of skull, latter 
being taken as 100. 
Pari'eto-mas'toid. Belonging to the parietal bone 
and the mastoid process of the temporal bone, as the 
parieto-mastoid suture. 
Pari'eto-occip'ital fis'sure. Deep cleft appearing 
mainly on median surface of cerebral hemispheres, 
where its upper end corresponds nearly to vertex of 
lambdoidal suture, whence it descends downward and 
a little forward and ends in the calcarine fissure. The 
small part continued upon the convex surface is some- 
times called External p. o. fissure. 
Pari'eto-sphenoi'dal ar'tery. Inferior parietal 
artery. P.-s. notch, slight indentation of upper 
margin of squamous portion of temporal bone, be- 
tween the part which articulates with the parietal 
and that which articulates with the great wing of 
the sphenoid. 
Parieto-splanchnic, par-i'e-to-splank'nik. Belong- 
ing to parietal walls and viscera. 
Pari'eto-tem'poral su'ture. Suture between pari- 
etal and temporal bones, composed of squamo-parietal 
and parieto-mastoid sutures. 
Parig'lin or Paril'lin. Smilacin ; salsepariu ; crys- 
tallizable glucoside, active principle of sarsaparilla. 
Parilia (par-il'e-ah) Malabar'ica. Species of Mala- 
bar ; bark and leaves are used in decoction in hemor- 
rhoids ; root and leaves possess alterative properties. 
Parii'la yel'low. Menispermum Canadense. 
Par'in. Paridin. 
Par'is. Oneberry, Truelove. Possesses narcotic 
properties, and was formerly considered a powerful 
philter; it is emetic, and is sometimes used externally 
as a resolvent and anodyne. The leaves are narcotic 
and diuretic. P. blue, Prussian blue; ferric ferrocy- 
anide. P. green, Scheele's green ; aceto-arsenite of cop- 
per; used as an insecticide. P. red, red sulphide of 
mercury; red lead; minium P. white, very white 
and soft chalk reduced to fine powder by elutriation. 
P. yel'low, lead chromate. 
Parisac'ticus. Intussuscepted. 
Parisagog'ge intestino'rum (pareisago, to introduce 
improperly). Intussusception of the bowels. See 
Intussusception. PARISTHMIA 
Paristh'mia (para, isthmos, throat). Word employed 
to designate the tonsils, and likewise inflammation of 
the tonsils-cynanche tonsillaris-and cynanche in 
general. 
Paristhzniic (para, isthmos, throat). Pertaining to 
the tonsils. 
Paristhmion, par-isth'me-on. Cynanche tonsil- 
laris. 
Paristhmiot'omus (paristhmia, tome, incision). An 
instrument with which the tonsils were formerly 
scarified. 
Paristhmi'tis (paristhmia, itis). Cynanche ; C. ton- 
sillaris ; tonsillitis; Ludwig's angina. 
Paristh'mium. Tonsil. 
Paristyphnine, par-is-tif'neen. Glucoside, CmHm- 
Oi8, occurring as a yellowish-white powder; obtained 
from root of Paris quadrifolia. 
Par'iswort. Trillium latifolium. 
Par'ity. Equality ; ability to bear children. 
Parkinso'nia aculea'ta. Shrub; ord. Leguminosse ; 
South American and Mexican; Mexicans employ it as 
a febrifuge and sudorific. 
Parkzinson's disease. Paralysis agitans. 
Parmac'ity (corr. from Spermaceti). Cetaceum. 
P., poor man's, Thlaspi bursa. 
Parme'lia furfura'cea (panne, light shield, shape of 
the receptacle). Lichen growing on trees; employed 
as a febrifuge. P. Island'ica, Lichen Islandicus. P. 
parieti'na, Yellow wall lichen, Common yellow wall moss, 
which grows abundantly on trees and walls; order 
Lichenacese; is used in intermittent fever on account 
of its bitterness. P. plica'ta, Lichen plicatus. P. 
pulmona'cea, Lichen pulmonarius. P. roccel'la, 
Lichen roccella. P. saxat'ilis, Lichen saxatilis. 
Parmentie'ra cerif'era (after Parmentier). Candle 
tree; forest tree in the valley of the Chagres; 
ord. Crescentiaceee, the long cylindrical fruit of 
which, resembling candles, serves for food for cattle. 
Paroarion, par-o-ar'e-on (para, oarion, ovarium). 
Parovarium. 
Paroccip'ital. Jugular process of occipital bone; 
separate in some apes. Mastoid apophysis. P. flsz- 
sure, posterior part of interparietal fissure. 
Parocheteusis, par-o-ke-tu'sis (para, ocheteuo, to 
divert water from). Derivation. 
Parodin'ia or Parodyn'ia (para, odune, labor-pains). 
Dystocia. P. perver'sa, preternatural presentation. 
Parodon'tides (pl. of Parodontis) (para, odous, 
tooth). Tumors on the gums; parulis, etc. 
Parodyn, par'o-din. Name suggested for antipyrine. 
Paroenia, par-e'ne-ah (para, beside, oinos, wine). 
Legal term denoting a tendency to crime caused by 
alcoholism. 
Parol'ivary body. Nucleus of anterior root-zone. 
Paromphalocele, par-om-fal-o-se'le (Eng. par-om'- 
fal-o-seel) (para, omphalos, navel, kele, rupture). Her- 
nia near the navel. 
Paroniria, par-on-ir'e-ah (para, oneiron, dream). 
Depraved, disturbed, or morbid dreaming. The volun- 
tary organs connected with the passing train of ideas 
are overpowered by the force of the imagination 
during dreaming, and involuntarily excited to their 
natural or accustomed actions, while the other organs 
remain asleep. P. am'bulans, somnambulism. P. 
sa'lax, pollution. 
Paronychia, par-o-nik'e-ah (para, onux, nail). In- 
flammation about the nail; periphalangeal cellulitis; 
panaritium. The ancients gave this name to an in- 
flammatory tumor-Onychitis, Onyxitis-seated near 
the nail, and involving the pulp or matrix. Some 
moderns have extended it to inflammation of the 
hand, and even of the forearm. It usually means 
every phlegmonous tumor of the fingers or toes, and 
especially of the first phalanx. Four kinds of 
paronychia are commonly pointed out: 1. That 
seated between the epidermis and skin, called, vul- 
garly, in this country, Runround; 2. That seated in 
the subcutaneous areolar tissue; 3. That occupying 
the sheath of a tendon ; and 4. That considered to be 
seated between the periosteum and bone. The last 
three are only different degrees of the same disease, 
824 
PAROTID 
constituting Whitlow. Also Asplenium ruta muraria. 
P. digi'tium, desiccation or atrophy of the fingers. 
P. lateral'is, onychogryphosis. P. syphilit'ica, syph- 
ilitic dactylitis. P. tendino'sa, panaritium tendino- 
sum. P. ungula'ris o'vium malig'na, foot-rot. The 
worst kinds in English are called Felon. The inflam- 
mation generally commences in the subcutaneous 
areolar tissue, and spreads to other parts, occasion- 
ing excessive lancinating pain, owing to the parts 
being put upon the stretch ; hence the necessity of 
dividing them freely-even down to the bone when 
there is reason to believe that the affection belongs 
to the fourth division-making use of emollient 
applications, the antiphlogistic treatment, and opiates 
to relieve pain. 
Paron'ychis or Paronychitis, par-on-ik-e'tis. Par- 
onychia. 
Paronycho'ses (pl. of Paronychosis). Diseases be- 
longing to the onychoses. 
Paronychosis, par-on-ik-o'sis. Abnormal nail 
growth. 
Paroophori'tis. Inflammation near the ovary. See 
Parametritis. 
Parodph'oron. Parovarium. 
Paropho'hia (para, phobos, dread). Hydrophobia. 
Parophrenitis, par-o-fren-e'tis (para, beside, phren, 
diaphragm). Inflammation of the diaphragm. 
Parophthal'mia (para, ophthalmos, eye). Binocular 
inflammation. 
Parophthalmoncus, par-of-thal-mon'kus (para, be- 
side, ophthalmos, eye, onkos, tumor). Swelliug around 
the eye. 
Paro'pia (para, ops, eye). Lesser canthus. 
Paro'pium (para, ops, eye). Eye-shade. 
Paroplex'ia (para, plesso, to strike). Paraplegia. 
Parop'sis (para, opsis, sight). Sense of sight viti- 
ated or lost. P. amauro'sis, amaurosis. P. cata- 
rac'ta, cataract. P. glauco'sis, glaucoma. P. illu- 
so'ria, pseudoblepsia. P. latera'lis, dysopia lateralis. 
P. longin'qua, presbytia. P. lucifuga, nyctalopia. 
P. noctifuga, hemeralopia. P. propin'qua, myopia. 
P. staphylo'ma, staphyloma. P. staphylo'ma puru- 
len'tum, hypopyon. P. staphylo'ma simp'lex, hy- 
drophthalmia. P. strabis'mus, strabismus. P. syne- 
zi'sis, synezisis. 
Paroptesis, par-op-ta'sis (para, optao, to roast). 
Forcing a sweat by placing a patient before the fire or 
putting him in a dry bath. 
Parora'sis (para, orao, to see). Perversion of sight 
which prevents the person from judging accurately 
of the color of objects; achromatopsia; halluci- 
nation. 
Parorchido-enterocele, par-or'kid-o-en-ter-o-se'le 
(Eng. en'ter-o-seel). Internal hernia complicated 
with displacement of the testicle. 
Parorganum, par-or'gan-um (para, beside, organon, 
instrument). Growth of tissue bearing a resemblance 
to that of some organ. 
Paros'mia (para, osme, odor). Anosmia; also per- 
version of smell. Peculiarity of sense of smell. 
Parosphre'sis (para, osphresis, smell). Disordered 
sense of smell. 
Parosteitis, par-os-te-e'tis (para, beside, osteon, 
bone). Inflammation around the periosteum. 
Paros'tia (para, osteon, bone). Bones untempered 
in their substance, and incapable of affording proper 
support. P. flex'ilis, mollifies ossium. P. frag'ilis, 
fragilitas ossium. 
Parosti'tis. Inflammation on surface of peri- 
osteum. 
Parosto'sis (para, osteon, bone). Formation of bone 
outside the periosteum, as in the connective tissue, 
sheaths of the vessels, etc. 
Parotia, par-o'te-ah (para, ous, otos, ear). Cynan- 
che parotidfea. 
Paro'tic. Near the ear; relating to the parotid 
gland. 
Parotid, par-ot'id. Largest of the salivary glands, 
seated under the ear, and near the angle of the lower 
jaw; composed of many separate lobes, giving rise to 
excretory ducts which unite to form one canal, called PAROTIDEAN 
the parotid duct, Steno's or Stenon's canal or duct- 
the ductus superior or superior salivary canal of some; 
see Ductus salivalis superior. This duct, after having 
advanced horizontally into the substance of the cheek, 
proceeds through an opening in the buccinator mus- 
cle, and terminates in the mouth opposite the second 
upper molar. About the middle of its course it some- 
times receives the excretory duct of a glandular body 
situate in its vicinity and called the Accessory gland 
of the parotid. In the substance of the parotid are 
found a number of branches of the facial nerve, of 
the transverse arteries of the face, and the posterior 
auricular; it receives also some filaments from the 
inferior maxillary nerve, and from the ascending 
branches of the superficial cervical plexus. Its 
lymphatic vessels are somewhat numerous, and pass 
into ganglions situate at its surface or behind the an- 
gle of the jaw. The parotid secretes saliva and pours 
it copiously into the mouth. P., accessory gland of, 
see Parotid. P. aponeuro'sis, a sheath of great 
thickness, continuous below with the cervical fascia; 
forms a framework to the parotid by means of fibrous 
prolongations from its deep surface. Its density 
accounts for the pain of parotitis and for the dif- 
ficulty with which pus makes its way to the surface. 
P. ar'teries, see Parotid. P. bu'bo, cynanche par- 
otidsea. P. duct, see Parotid. P. veins, see Parotid. 
Parotide'an. Belonging or relating to the parotid. 
P. plex'us, see Pes anserinus. 
Parotidectomy, par-ot-id-ek'to-me (parotis, ektome, 
excision). Operation for excision of parotid gland. 
Parotideo-masseteric, par-ot-id-e'o-mas-se-ter'ik. 
Eelating to vicinity of parotid gland and masseter 
muscle. 
Parotiditis, par-ot-id-e'tis (parotid, itis). Cynanche 
parotidsea or mumps; parotis. 
Parotidoncus, par-ot-id-onk'us (parotid, onkos, a 
tumor). Swelling of the parotid. Mumps. 
Parotidoscirrhus (par-ot-id-o-skir'rhus). Scirrhus 
of parotid gland. 
Parotine, par'o-tene (parotis, parotid). Term ap- 
plied to the specific principle by which mumps is 
propagated. 
Paro'tis (para, ous, otos, ear). Near the ear; par- 
otid gland. P. accesso'ria, accessory parotid gland. 
The name of a tumor seated under the ear, which is 
reddish, hard, and attended with obtuse pain, the 
progress to suppuration being slow and difficult. 
Sometimes it is of a malignant character, sloughing, 
and long protracted. Also the parotid. P. contagi- 
o'sa, cynanche parotidsea. P. epCem'ica, cynanche 
parotidsea. P., idiopath'ic, mumps occurring with- 
out being connected with another disease. P. sero'so 
glu'tine tumens, cynanche parotidsea. P. spu'ria, 
cynanche parotidsea. 
Paroti'tis (parotis, itis). Inflammation of the par- 
otid; mumps; cynanche parotidsea; parotis. P., 
du'plex, parotitis involving parotid glands on both 
sides. P. epidem'ica, cynanche parotidsea. P. ery- 
slpelato'sa, cynanche parotidsea. P., metastat'ic, 
attack of mumps in which metastasis to the testicles 
occurs. P. polymor'pha, cynanche parotidsea. P. 
specif'ica, cynanche parotidsea. P. symptomat'ica, 
parotitis, metastatic. 
Parou'lis. See Parulis. 
Parova'rian cysts. Cysts in vicinity of the ovary. 
Parovar'ium (para, oarion, ovary). Properly Paro- 
arion, Paroophoron, Organ or Body of Rosenmuller, 
Appendage to the ovary. Body closely analogous in 
structure to the epididymis, which is seated between 
the Fallopian tube and the ovary in the broad liga- 
ment. The corpus Wolffianum concurs in its forma- 
tion. The portion of the ovary in relation with the 
hilum of that organ is sometimes called the Paroopho- 
ron, and the excretory tubules and ducts attached to 
the ovary are known as the parovarium. The paro- 
varium existing also in the adult female has been 
called Proovarium. 
Paroxyntic, par-ox-in'tic (paroxuno, to excite). Ee- 
lating to a paroxysm. 
Paroxyquinoline (pa-roks-e-kwin'o-leen) hydro- 
825 
PARSLEY 
chlorate. Powder, soluble in water, devoid of taste or 
smell; formula, CoHtNOjIICI; possessing antipyretic 
properties. 
Par'oxysm (paroxuno, to irritate). Augmentation 
which supervenes at equal or unequal intervals in 
the symptoms of acute diseases. Also a periodical 
exacerbation or fit of a disease. 
Paroxys'mal. Of or belonging to a paroxysm, as 
a paroxysmal day; a day on which a paroxysm of 
disease occurs. 
Paroxys'mus febri'lis. Febrile paroxysm; py- 
rexia. 
Par'rot's disease. Syphilitic pseudoparalysis. Ex- 
ophthalmic goitre. P.'s nodes, syphilitic osteophytes 
of skull. P.'s sign, dilatation of the pupil when the 
skin is pinched; a symptom of meningitis. 
Par'ry's disease. See Exophthalmic goitre. 
Pars (part). Genital organ. P. acetabula'ris, 
acetabular bone. P. ascen'dens, vertical plate of 
palate-bone. P. basila'ris os'sis occip'itis, basilar 
process of occipital bone. P. bulbo'sa ure'thrae, 
bulbous urethra. P. carno'sa ure'thrae, membranous 
urethra. P. cartilagin'ea tu'bae, cartilaginous portion 
of Eustachian tube, about two-thirds its length. P. 
caverno'sa ure'thrae, spongy urethra. P. chorda'lis, 
portion of base of skull occupied originally by chorda 
dorsalis, extending from foramen magnum in body 
of occipital and sphenoid bones as far forward as sella 
turcica. P. cilia'ris, see Betina. P. cilia'ris hyalo- 
i'dea, ciliary zone. P. conjunctiva'lis cor'neae, epi- 
thelial layer of cornea. P. cor'poris, genital organs. 
P. cuneifor'mis tegmen'ti tym'pani, anterior portion 
of tegmen. P. descen'dens substan'tiae perfora'tae 
anti'cae me'diae, lamina terminalis. P. frontalis, 
squama frontalis. P. horizonta'lis, horizontal plate 
of palate-bone. P. horizonta'lis duode'ni, horizon- 
tal portion of duodenum. P. h. d. infe'rior, trans- 
verse portion of duodenum. P. h. d. supe'rior, hor- 
izontal portion of duodenum. P. infe'rior pe'dis, 
sole. P. interfascia'lis ure'thrae, membranous ure- 
thra. P. interme'dia, intermediary nerve. P.irid'ica 
ret'inae, P. retinalis iridis. P. i. u'veae, P. uvealis 
iridis. P. mala'ris, portion of malar bone forming 
prominence of cheek. P. mastoi'dea of tem'poral 
bone, mastoid process. P. membra'na sep'ti, area at 
upper part of interventricular septum of heart that 
remains thin and membranous. P. membra'no-ure'- 
thrae, membranous urethra. P. muscular'is, see 
Urethra. P. nasa'lis, horizontal part of frontal bone 
between two orbital plates; vertical plate of ethmoid. 
P. natura'lis medici'nae, physiology. P. nu'da, see 
Urethra. P. obli'qua ascen'dens duode'ni, transverse 
duodenum. P. obscoe'na, genital organs. P. occipita'- 
lis, supraoccipital bone. P. os'sea tu'bae, osseous 
portion of Eustachian tube, about one-third its length. 
P. palati'na, horizontal plate of palate-bone. P. 
papilla'ris, papillary layer of skin. P. pelvi'na, see 
Urethra. P. perinea'lis ure'thrae, spongy urethra. 
P. perpendicula'ris, vertical plate of palate-bone. 
P. petro'sa, see Temporal bone. P. pri'ma as'perae 
arte'riae, larynx. P. prostat'ica, prostatic portion 
of the urethra. P. pylor'ica, pyloric end of stomach. 
P. pyramida'lis os'sis tem'poris, see Temporal bone. 
P. reticula'ris, reticular layer of skin. P. retina'lis 
ir'idis, epithelial portion of iris, formed originally 
from secondary optic vesicle. P. sclera'lis cor'neae, 
Bowman's membrane. P. spongio'sa, see Urethra. P. 
squamo'sa, see Temporal bone. P. transver'sa duo- 
de'ni, transverse duodenum. P. triangula'ris, ante- 
rior portion of third frontal convolution. P. tym- 
pan'ica, tympanic portion of temporal bone. P. 
ure'thrae membrana'ceae, see Urethra. P. urethra'lis 
levato'ris a'ni, erroneous designation of fibres of 
inferior sheet of ischio-rectalis, which loop around 
the urethra. P. uvea'lis cor'neae, Descemet's mem- 
brane. P. uvea'lis ir'idis, connective-tissue portion 
of iris forming its external layer. P. va'ga, pneumo- 
gastric. P. vir'ilis, penis. 
Pars'ley camphor (corr. from Petroselinum). 
Stearopten obtained from volatile oil of parsley. P., 
com'mon, Apium petroselinum. P., fool's, A£thusa PARSNEP 
cynapium. P. fruit, Petroselinum sativum, contains vola- 
tile oil and apiol; carminative, antiperiodic. P., hem'- 
lock, Conioselenium Canadense. P., Macedo'nian, 
Bubon Macedonicum. P., mountain, black, Atha- 
manta aureoselinum. P., piert (corr. from Fr. perrer 
la pierre, to pierce the stone), Alchemella arvensis. 
P., poi'son, Conium maculatum. P. root, carmina- 
tive, diuretic, emmenagogue. P., water, Cicuta mac- 
ulate. 
Par'snep or Par'snip, cow. Ord. Umbelliferse; 
Heracleum spondylium; Heracleum lanatum. P., 
crow, Leontodon taraxacum. P., gar'den, Pastinaca 
sativa. P., mead'ow, thaspium. P., water, com- 
mon, Sium latifolium. 
Par'sons' disease. Exophthalmic goitre. 
Part. Member or organ of the body. 
Part. seq. (abbr. for partes aequales). Equal parts. 
Part. aff. (abbr. for partes affectae). Parts affected. 
Part, dolent. (abbr. for partes dolentes). Parts in 
pain. 
Part. vic. (abbr. for partitis vicibus). In divided 
doses. 
Par'tes (pl. of Pars). Genital organs. P. gen- 
eratio'ni inservien'tes, genital organs. P. genita'les, 
genital organs. P. Jugula'res or latera'les os'sis 
occip'itis, exoccipital bones. P. latera'les na'si, 
lateral portions of the nose. P. nervo'sse, see Nerve. 
P. obscoe'nse, genital organs. P. orbita'les, orbital 
plates. 
Parthenei'a. Virginity. 
Parthenicine, par-then' is-een. Parthenine. 
Parthen'il ra'dix. Root of Artemisia vulgaris. 
Parthenine, par'then-een. Alkaloid from Par- 
thenium hysterophorum, said to be a substitute for 
quinine as a febrifuge. 
Partheni'um febrif'ugum (parthenos, virgin; used 
in diseases of virgins). Matricaria. P. hysteroph'o- 
rum, broombrush, West Indian mugwort; has feb- 
rifuge properties, and is employed externally in cuta- 
neous affections. P. integrifo'lium, Prairie dock; 
an herbaceous perennial of the south-western por- 
tions of the U. S., an infusion of the flowering tops 
of which is used as an antiperiodic. P. mas, tan- 
acetum. 
Partheni'us (morbus) (partheneios, relating or ap- 
pertaining to a virgin). Disease in a young female. 
Parthenochloro'sis (parthenos, chloros, green). 
Chlorosis of girls. 
Parthenogalactozemia, par-then-o-gal-ak-to-ze'- 
me-ah (parthenos, virgin, gala, milk, zemia, loss). Dis- 
charge of milk from the breast occurring in young 
girls. 
Parthenogenesis, par-then-o-jen'es-is (virgin birth, 
parthenos, virgin, genesis, generation). Virginal gene- 
ration ; Parthenogenetic reproduction. Successive pro- 
duction of procreating individuals from a single ovum, 
without any renewal of fertilization. 
Parthenogenet'ic. Relating or appertaining to 
parthenogenesis. 
Parthenol'ogy (partheneia, virginity, logos, descrip- 
tion). Description or consideration of the state of 
virginity in health or disease. 
Parthenonosus, par-then-on'o-sus (parthenos, nosos, 
disease). Chlorosis. 
Par'thenus. Virgin. 
Par'tial (pars, part). Comprising or affecting a 
part only, not total or general; as partial paralysis, 
etc. P. aponeuro'sis, aponeurosis of intersection. 
See Aponeurosis. P. re'flexes, movements in one 
muscle or one limited group of muscles from reflex 
irritation. 
Partia'lis (pars, part). Local. 
Par'ticles, prim'ltive, of mus'cles. Sarcous ele- 
ments. P-s, red, of the blood, blood-corpuscles, red. 
Partic'ula femora'lls. Nates. 
Partic'ulse (dim. of Pars, part) san'guinls. Glob- 
ules of the blood. 
Par'tio (pario, to bring forth). Parturition. 
Par'tite. Divided nearly to the base. 
Part'ridge ber'ry. Gaultheria ; Mitchella repens. 
P. pea, Cassia chamsechrista. 
826 
i PARTURITION 
Parts, pri'vate. External genitals. P., the, gen- 
ital organs. 
Partu'ra (parturio, to bring forth). Parturition. 
Partu'rient. Bringing forth, or about to bring 
forth, or having recently brought forth, young. The 
Parturient, Puerperous, Childing, Child-bed, or Lying-in 
or Lying-down state, Confinement, Puerperium, generally 
comprises the period from parturition to perfect re- 
covery, which is usually a month. It requires care- 
ful management, and is subject to various diseases. 
A parturient or parturifacient is a medicine which 
induces or promotes labor, as ergot; see Abortive. P. 
ap'oplexy, puerperal disease of cows, characterized 
by arrest of lactation, fever, delirium, and brain con- 
gestion. 
Parturien'tes dolo'res. Labor-pains. 
Parturifa'cient (parturio, to bring forth, facio, to 
make). Parturient; abortive. 
Parturiom'eter. Instrument which, applied to the 
presenting part of the foetus during labor, indicates 
the expulsive contractile force of the uterus. 
Parturition. Delivery, Labor, Childbearing, Child- 
birth, Birth, Travail; expulsion of foetus at term. Act 
of delivery of the foetus and its appendages; also 
the state during and immediately after delivery- 
Childbed; see Parturient. Labor is the necessary con- 
sequence of conception, pregnancy, and the completion 
of gestation. It does not take place, at the full time, 
until after nine months of uterogestation, the causes 
producing it being the contraction of the uterus and 
abdominal muscles. By different authors the stages 
oflabor'have been variously divided. We may, per- 
haps, admit of four. The first stage comprises the 
precursory signs. One, two, or three days before 
labor, a mucous discharge, streaked with blood, takes 
place from the vagina, which is called Laborshoiv or 
Show, and along with this, trifling grinding pains, 
called by the French Mouches, are felt in the loins and 
abdomen. The second stage: peculiar pains which ex- 
tend from the lumbar region toward the uterus; ten- 
sion and dilatation of the neck and orifice of that 
organ; protrusion into the vagina of the envelopes of 
the foetus, forming the bag of waters ; and rupture or 
breaking of the waters. Third stage: contractions of 
the uterus and abdominal muscles; forcing pains; 
the head of the foetus becomes engaged in the pelvis; 
the occiput, being commonly situate above the left 
acetabulum, passes beneath the arch of the pubis. 
Fourth stage: the head now presents at the vulva, the 
perineum being considerably distended ; at length it 
clears the external parts, and the rest of the body is 
easily disengaged. The child still continues attached 
to the mother by the umbilical cord, which has to be 
divided. In the course of fifteen or twenty minutes 
trifling pains occur, and the secundines are expelled. 
This completes delivery-the birth of the child. In 
by far the majority of cases the head is the presenting 
part, the occiput directed anteriorly, and the face 
posteriorly. Of 12,633 children born at La Maternity, 
in Paris, from the 10th of December, 1797, to the 31st 
of July, 1806, the following were the presentations: 
The head, with the face posteriorly12,120 
The head, anteriorly 63 
The breech 198 
The feet 147 
The knees 3 
Other positions 102 
12,633 
Labor has received different names according to the 
period of pregnancy at which it occurs and the mode 
in which it takes place. It is called miscarriage or 
abortion prior to the seventh month ; premature labor 
or parturition between this and eight months and a 
half; and labor at the full period when it happens at 
the end of nine months. Labors have likewise been 
variously divided by different authors. Perhaps the 
one into natural and preternatural is as good as any 
-natural labor meaning that which would occur with- 
out manual assistance; and preternatural, requiring 
the assistance of art, either by the hand solely, or 
with the aid of instruments-instrumental labor. PARTURITION 
Powerless labor is that in which the muscular powers, 
from exhaustion, cannot accomplish delivery. Pre- 
cipitate labor is one hastened by circumstances usually 
beyond control. Forced labor is labor or abortion pro- 
duced by art. When accompanied with phenomena 
of a deranging character, it is complicated. When the 
child cannot pass, it is termed impracticable, etc. 
827 
PARTURITION 
The following table, from data furnished by Vel- 
peau, gives an approximate view of the nature of the 
presentations in 1000 cases in the experience of each 
of the individuals mentioned. A second table pre- 
sents a comprehensive sketch of the course and man- 
agement of the different kinds of labor, natural and 
preternatural: 
ACCORDING TO 
Merriman. 
Bland. 
Madame 
Boivin. 
Madame 
Lachapelle. 
Naegele. 
Lovati. 
Hospital of 
the Faculte. 
Boer. 
Regular, or of the vertex . . . 
924 
944 
969 
933 
933 
911 
980 
1. Occipito-anterior 
908 
944 
910 
895 
a. Occipitocotyloid (left) . . 
760 
717 
537 
" (right) . 
179 
209 
b. Occipitopubian 
0.29 
2. Occipito-posterior 
9.4 
9 
a. Frontocotyloid (left) . . 
5.3 
7.3 
b. " (right) . 
4.4 
2.9 
Face presentation 
2.2 
2.6 
3.6 
4.6 
8.8 
Mento'iliac (right) 
2.6 
Of the pelvis 
36 
28 
29 
36 
47 
29 
Of the foot 
12.7 
9.4 
14 
10.3 
Of the knees 
6.19 
0.40 
Of the breech 
23 
13 
18 
22 
19 
Of the trunk 
4.6 
5.3 
4.8 
Requiring forceps 
6.6 
4.7 
4.6 
3.4 
3.6 
5.7 
" turning 
16 
4.7 
7.8 
7.2 
5.9 
" cephalotomy .... 
3.3 
5.2 
4.77 
0.53 
2.4 
1.5 
Table of the Course and Management of Different Kinds of Labor. 
I. Natural Labors, 
Or those in which Delivery can he effected without Assistance. 
The head with the chin bent upon the breast clears the brim 
of the pelvis. Movement of rotation produced by the in- 
clined planes of the pelvis; the occipital protuberance is 
carried behind the symphysis pubis, and the face toward 
the hollow of the sacrum. 
1. Occiput toward the left acetabu- 
lum. 
2. Occiput toward the right acetabu- 
lum. 
The head attains the outlet; clearsit; the occiput being 
first disengaged, and the face afterward, which passes suc- 
cessively along the whole of the hollow of the sacrum. 
The shoulders enter the brim diagonally and execute the 
movement of rotation. The one behind first clears the 
outlet. The same thing occurs with the nates. 
Head Presenting. 
{Four Positions.) 
3. Occiput toward the right sacro- 
iliac symphysis. 
The same course is here followed, except that after the ro- 
tary movement the face passes behind the symphysis 
pubis, and the occiput into the hollow of the sacrum. 
The occiput is first extruded, the face next. 
When the chin presents and is turned forward the face is 
first expelled; the head is thrown backward. This pres- 
entation is uncommon. If the chin present and be 
thrown backward, natural delivery cannot be effected. 
4. Occiput toward the left sacro-iliac 
symphysis. 
1. Heel, tibia, or sacrum toward the 
left acetabulum. 
The nates enter the brim diagonally; movement of rota- 
tion ; the one passes behind the symphysis pubis; the 
other toward the hollow of the sacrum. The one behind 
is first extruded. 
Lower Extremity 
Presenting. 
{Four Positions of the 
Feet, Knees, and Breech.) 
2. Heel, tibia, or sacrum toward the 
r ight acetabulum. 
The same thing happens to the shoulders. The chin is bent 
upon the chest to clear the brim; movement of rotation ; 
the occiput passes behind the symphysis pubis, and the 
face toward the hollow of the sacrum. The face clears 
the outlet first; the occiput last. 
3. Heel, tibia, or sacrum toward the 
right sacro-iliac symphysis. 
4. Heel, tibia, or sacrum toward the 
left sacro-iliac symphysis. 
The same progress, except that after the movement of rota- 
tion the face is toward the pubis, and the occiput toward 
the sacrum. The face is here again delivered first. 
II. Preternatural Labors. 
1. Those which require Manual Assistance only. 
1. When the labor is without any serious complication, and the head is not in a good 
position at the brim of the pelvis, endeavors are to be made to place it in its 
natural position : the hand to be introduced with the fingers united, and the long 
diameter of the head to be placed diagonally in the brim, if possible. Or the lever 
may be fixed over the occiput, and, by drawing it down, a closer approximation of 
the'chin and chest may be effected; the position of the head to the pelvis being at 
the same time attended to, 
2. If complicated with syncope, convulsions, hemorrhage, want of uterine action, 
etc., the feet must be laid hold of and the child turned. For this purpose, empty 
the rectum and bladder, and turn, if possible, prior to the escape of the liquor 
amnii. The female may be placed on her back or left side, with the breech oyer 
the edge of the bed. Use the right or left hand, according as the feet of the child 
are to the right or left side of the pelvis; always so introducing the hand that the 
child shall be in its palm, and the back of the hand opposed to the inner surface of 
the uterus. The hand and arm to be introduced during an interval of pain; ana 
they must be flattened and tranquil while the uterus is contracting forcibly. If 
both feet cannot be readily brought down, seize one, and tie a fillet around it. 
Presentation ok the Head, Up- 
per Extremities, Back, Abdo- 
men, ETC. PARTURITION 
3. If the toes point to the vertebral column or to the abdomen of the mother, the 
head, in its descent, will not enter the pelvis: the chin and occiput will be hitched 
on the pubis and promontory of the sacrum. In such case, grasp the nates as soon 
as they have passed the os externum; and, during a pain, endeavor to direct the 
toes toward either sacro-iliac synchondrosis. When the fingers are passed along 
the body of the child and over the shoulders to the bend of the elbows, drawdown 
the arms successively. When the body is expelled, and the head filling up the 
brim, the termination of labor must be accelerated by passing two fingers over the 
shoulder of the child, using moderate and steady extracting power, while one finger 
of the other hand, passed into the mouth, depresses the chin on the sternum. In 
this way the head may be extracted. 
828 
PARULIS 
D 
Presentation of the Head, etc. 
(coma.). 
2. Those requiring the Assistance of Appropriate Instruments. 
If the pains become feeble, or inadequate from any cause, or if the presenting part 
be firmly wedged in the pelvis, or the woman be becoming exhausted, instru- 
mental assistance may be required. In all such cases place the female on the back 
or left side, empty the bladder and rectum; wait till the os uteri is in a fit state; 
afford assistance during the pains; introduce the instrument during the intervals 
between the pains; have the patient on her left side (generally), and extract ac- 
cording to the axes of brim and outlet, as the case may be. 
General Observations 
Apply these to the sides of the head of the child, so that the ears and parietal protu- 
berances may be within the fenestra?. Introduce the left-hand blade first, the 
index and middle fingers of the right hand guiding it to the ear. With the right 
hand pass the other in an opposite line, corresponding with the course of the first 
blade, guided by the fore and middle fingers of the left hand, the third and little 
fingers being employed to retain the left-hand blade in place; humor the instru- 
ment so as to allow the blades to lock. The handles may now be tied gently to- 
gether. The force used must be from blade to blade, with a gentle, tractile effort. 
Use of Forceps, etc. 
1. Short Forceps 
Applicable where the head has not entered the brim. The long forceps must be 
applied, in most cases, over the occiput and face of the child, so that the convex 
edges of the blades may be toward the hollow of the sacrum. When used, the 
power may be exerted from side to side, with moderate traction. 
2. Long forceps 
The lever is applicable to the same cases as the forceps. It must not be used strictly 
as a lever, but as a hook with which to draw downward. It may be applied to any 
part of the head, but is generally hitched on the occiput. 
3. Lever or Vectis . . 
In certain cases of breech and knee presentation, where the hand is sufficient, it 
may be necessary to pass over the joint a fillet, or the blunt hook, with which to 
exert some force of traction. The operation is very simple. 
4. Fillet and Blunt Hook . . . . 
Disproportionate size of head or distorted or deformed pelvis may require the child 
to be destroyed and its bulk lessened ; or the Caesarean section or symphyseotomy, 
or the induction of premature labor, may be called for. 
The instruments here are the Perforator, Crotchet, and Craniotomy forceps. Make a 
steady pressure on the abdomen ; pass two fingers of the left hand up to the head ; 
feel for a suture or fontanel; introduce the perforator, and bore through until the 
progress of the instrument is arrested by its shoulders. Open the handles, and 
turn the instrument in different directions, so that the opening may be large 
enough to admit the perforator, with which the brain must be broken down. 
If, after, this, delivery cannot be accomplished without further aid, pass up the 
craniotomy forceps; open the handles slightly, and introduce the blade without 
teeth within the cranium. On closing the forceps, a hold is obtained, and a trac- 
tile force can now be exerted during the pains, and the extrusion of the child be 
effected. 
Should great difficulty exist at the brim, the bones at the top of the head may have 
to be removed, until the base alone remains. The chin must then be brought 
through first. 
The guarded crotchet is sometimes used instead of the craniotomy forceps, being 
passed into the opening made by the perforator, and hooked upon some bony pro- 
jection in the interior of the skull; but it is not a good instrument. In presen- 
tations of the face demanding perforation of the cranium the perforator should 
be introduced just above the nose, in the sagittal suture. 
When it is necessary to open the head after the lower extremities have been expelled, 
the perforation must be made behind the ear. 
Embryulcia 
In cases of great narrowness of the pelvis, the operation of Symphyseotomy has been 
adopted by the Italian and French practitioners-rarely by the British, much 
more frequently by the American ; and, in extreme cases, recourse has been had 
to the Caesarean section. 
Symphyseotomy and Caesarean 
Section. 
Separation of the Head of the 
Fcetus from the Body. 
If the body of the foetus has been forcibly separated and the head left in the uterus, 
it must be laid hold of with one hand and the forceps be applied; or the head be 
opened and delivered, as under Embryulcia. Should the head have been brought 
away and the body left behind, the feet must be brought down. 
In cases of narrowness of the pelvis, where the foetus, at the full term, cannot be 
born alive, delivery may be brought about at an earlier period, or as soon as the 
child is capable of carrying on its functions independently of the mother. 
One plan for accomplishing this object is merely to pass the finger round and round 
within the os and cervix uteri, so as to detach the decidua, the membranes being 
thus left entire and the life of the child not as much endangered as where the 
membranes are punctured and the waters evacuated. Parturition usually follows 
within forty-eight hours. At the present day the introduction of a flexible bougie 
between the uterine wall and the membranes is the plan generally adopted. 
Induction of Premature Labor. 
The laying of eggs by animals is called Ovation, a 
term applied to periodical discharge of ova supposed 
to take place at each menstrual period. 
Parturition, dry. See Partus siccus. 
Partu'rium va'num. Abortion. Expulsion of 
products of false conceptions, as hydatids, clots, etc. 
Par'tus (pario, to bring forth). Parturition. As an 
adjective, born. P. abac'tio, abortion. P. abac'tus, 
abortion. P. se'gre, partus Agrippinus. P. Agrippl'- 
nus, labor in which the breech presents. P. Csesa'- 
reus, see Caesarean section. P. cap'ite prae'vio, de- 
livery, head. P. clu'nibus prae'viis, delivery in 
which the breech presents. P. difflc'ilis, dystocia. P. 
emor'tuus, stillborn. P. immatu'rus, parturition, 
premature. P. imperfec'tus, delivery, incomplete. 
P. intempestl'vus, see Parturition. P. laborio'sus, 
dystocia ; laborious labor. P. le'ge ar'tis procuran'- 
dus, premature artificial parturition. P. matu'rus, 
parturition at full term. P. prsecipita'tus, labor, 
precipitate. P. prae'cox, premature parturition. P. 
prsematu'rus, premature parturition. P. seroti'nus, 
labor succeeding a pregnancy that has been ex- 
tended beyond the usual period. P. sic'cus, Dry 
labor or Parturition; labor which is neither preceded 
nor attended by a discharge of the liquor amnii. P. 
per vias natura'les, natural parturition, in contra- 
distinction to delivery by operation. 
Paru'lis (para, oulon, gum). Gumboil, Alveolar abscess. 
Small abscesses are so called which generally form in 
the alveoli and involve the gums, sometimes without PARUMBILICAL 
any known cause, but which often depend upon 
carious teeth. 
Parumbilical, par-um-bil'ik-al. Near the umbilicus. 
P. veins, small vessels running from the portal vein 
along the round ligament of the liver to the umbilicus, 
and there connecting with the epigastric veins. 
Paru'ria (para, oureo, to pass urine). Morbid secre- 
tion or discharge of urine. P. incon'tlnens, enuresis. 
P. incon'tlnens aquo'sa, see Diabetes. P. inops, isch- 
uria, false. P. melli'ta, diabetes. P. retentio'nis, 
ischuria. P. retentio'nis rena'lis, ischuria. P. re- 
tentio'nis vesica'lis, retention of urine. P. stillati'- 
tia, strangury. P. stillati'tia muco'sa, cystirrhcea. 
Paruroseptis, par-u-ro-sep'tis (para, ouron, urine, 
kustis, bladder). Appendage or sacculus of urinary 
bladder. 
Parvipsoas, par-ve-so'as. Psoas parvus. 
Par'vitas morbo'sa par'tium organica'rum. Mor- 
bid smallness of organic parts. 
Parvoline, par'vo-leen. First ptomaine analyzed 
and chemically defined; discovered by Gautier and 
Etard in 1881; oily liquid, amber-colored, odor of 
hawthorn, boiling slightly below 200° C.; obtained 
from putrefying mackerel and horseflesh. Compound 
obtained from bituminous schists rich in animal 
fossils. 
Par'ygron (para, hugros, humid). Liquid or moist 
preparation for allaying topical inflammation. 
Pas'ma (passo, to sprinkle). Catapasm. 
Pas'palum longiflo'rum. Millet grass, the juice 
of which, added to rice and cocoanut oil, is employed 
locally as an anaesthetic. 
Pasque flower (from flowering about Easter). 
Anemone pulsatilla. 
Pas'sa (patior, to suffer). Paronychia. 
Pas'sse (passus, dried) Corinthi'acae. See Vitus 
Corinthiaca. 
Pas'sage. Dejection from the bowels. Canal. 
Pas'sages, alve'olar. Passages which originally 
were bronchioles, and which receive openings of the 
infundibula. P., diges'tive, portion of alimentary 
canal and its accessory parts concerned in digestion. 
P., lac'rymal, lacrymal passages. P., lob'ular, of 
lung, passages, alveolar. P., lymph, lymph-sinus. P., 
sec'ond, chyliferous vessels, lymphatics, and blood- 
vessels. 
Passeri'na tartonraira (passer, a sparrow, alluding 
to the beaked seed). Plant whose bark is possessed 
of epispastic properties. An ointment, prepared like 
that of mezereon, is said to possess more activity than 
the latter. P. tlncto'ria, shrub employed in dyeing 
wool in South of Europe; bark possesses purgative 
properties. 
Passerva. Name given in the East Indies to sed- 
iment found in vessels in which opium-juice is 
stored. 
Passibil'ity, great (patior, to suffer, habilis, able). 
Hyperaesthesis. 
Passiflo'ra laurifo'lia (passio, passion, flos, flower). 
Bayleaved passion flower, ord. Passifloreae; a native of 
Surinam; fruit has a delicious smell and flavor, and 
quenches thirst, abates heat of the stomach, increases 
the appetite, etc. P. malifor'mis, Apple-shaped gran- 
adilla; fruit of this species is esteemed a delicacy in 
the West Indies, where it is served up at table in 
desserts. Some of the genus are said to possess nar- 
cotic and emetic properties. 
Passiflorine, pas-se-flo'reen. Alkaloid from Passi- 
flora quadrangularis, possessing virtues similar to 
morphine. 
Passio, pas'se-o (patior, to suffer). Disease; pas- 
sion. P. aemopto'ica, haemoptysis. P. cadi'va, epi- 
lepsy. P. cardi'aca, cardialgia. P. choler'ica, chol- 
era. P. coeli'aca, cceliac flux. P. felllf'lua, cholera. 
P. haemopto'ica, haemoptysis. P. hypochondri'aca, 
hypochondriasis. P. hyster'ica, hysteria. P. ill'aca, 
ileus. P. Ischiad'ica, neuralgia femoropoplitaea. P. 
pleurlt'ica, pleuritis. P. stomach'ica, dyspepsia. P. 
ventriculo'sa, cceliac flux. P. vomico'flua, phthisis 
pulmonalis. 
Pas'sion, An active affection or emotion of the 
829 
PASTE 
mind, as rage, terror, love, hatred, etc.; also suffer- 
ing from disease; ardent sexual desire. P., coe'liac, 
see Coeliac flux. P. flow'er, bay'leaved, Passiflora 
laurifolia. P., hsematocoe'liac, dysentery in which 
hloody evacuations occur. P., hysteric, hysteria. 
P., iliac, ileus. 
Passio'nes (pl. of Passio) an'imi. Affections of 
the mind. 
Pas'sive. Epithet for diseases which seem, owing 
to a greater or less diminution of the strength, or 
which are, without apparent reaction. Thus, passive 
hemorrhages are such as supervene in debilitated in- 
dividuals or under conditions in which increased 
action of the arteries can scarcely be presumed. 
Term has also been given to aneurisms of the heart 
with the extenuation of the parietes; in opposition 
to active aneurisms with thickness of the parietes- 
hypertrophy. P. processes are those which exhibit 
little cellular activity, with tendency to degeneration. 
P. insuffi'ciency of mus'cles, see Insufficiency. P. 
mo'tion, motion caused by external force, not by 
muscular efforts of the patient. 
Pas'sulae majo'res (dim. of Passae [twa?]). See 
Vitis vinifera. P. mino'res, see Vitis Corinthiaca. 
Passula'tum. A medicine in which the pulp of 
raisins or currants is a chief ingredient. 
Passum, pas'sum. Wine made from raisins. 
Pas'ta. Paste. P. althae'a, paste, marshmallow. 
P. amygdali'na, confection (almond). P. caus'tica 
Viennen'sis, see Powder, Vienna. P. de dac'tylis, 
paste, date. P. emulsi'va, confection (almond). P. 
glycyrrhi'zae gum'mata et anisa'ta, a compound of 
Extract of licorice, Gum Senegal, Sugar, Florence orris 
root, and Volatile oil of aniseed; demulcent. P. 
guarana (gwar-an-ah'), guarana. P. gummo'sa, gum 
paste. P. de juju'bis, paste of jujubes. P. re'gia, 
confection (almond). P. zin'ci chlo'ridi, Paste of 
chloride of zinc, Canquoin's caustic paste, Canquoin's 
paste (zinc chloride 32, water 4 parts; dissolve and 
add zinc oxide 8, wheat flour 24 parts; dry thorough- 
ly) ; escharotic. This caustic destroys the part in a 
direct ratio with the thickness of the layer applied. 
A cancer composition of which the effective ingre- 
dient is chloride of zinc was introduced into Eng- 
land by an American of the name of Fell. The ex- 
ternal application or paste was composed of decoc- 
tion of sanguinaria and chloride of zinc, of each two 
ounces; flour, a sufficient quantity to form a gluti- 
nous paste. The decoction of sanguinaria was also 
given internally, but was probably of no effect. 
Paste. A viscid, tenacious mixture; also a com- 
pound medicine like the pastil, but less consistent, 
flexible, less saccharine, and more mucilaginous. 
Pastes of opium, etc. are used by the dentist in dental 
caries to relieve pain; and similar preparations of 
astringents and aromatics are applied to the gums to 
give tone to them and improve the breath. See 
Canqztoin's, Coster's, Dupuytren's, Jujube, Licorice, 
London, Marshmallow, Michel's, and Vienna paste. 
A convenient paste for attaching labels to glass or for 
other services is made of gum tragacanth and water, 
to which alum is added. Another form is to make 
a solution of gum arabic, boiling water, and 
glycerin, ; and another is made by mixing pow- 
dered gum arabic and powdered tragacanth, of each 
3ss, water, acetic acid, P., Caglia'ri, 
see Turundas Italics. P., Can'quoin's, pasta zinci 
chloridi. P. of chlo'ride of zinc, pasta zinci chlo- 
ridi. P., Cos'ter's, see Coster's paste. P., date, com- 
posed of dates, sugar, gum arabic, water, and orange- 
flower water (Ph. P.); demulcent. P. of Ice'land 
moss, a paste made by boiling Lichen Islandicus to 
a proper consistence and adding gum arabic and 
sugar. P., Ital'ian, see Twriwida; Jtaficas. P. of jujubes, 
composed of jujubes, gum Senegal, sugar, water, and 
tincture of lemon-peel; demulcent. P., Llandolf'i's, 
see Bromine. P., Lon'don, a paste made of equal 
parts of caustic soda and unslaked lime in powder, 
prepared as a paste with water when required for 
use; it is applied to growths in the larynx, enlarged 
tonsils, etc, P., Manec"s, a powerful paste employed PASTEL 
for the removal of epithelial growths, composed of 
white arsenic, gr. xv, cinnabar, gr. Ixxv, burnt 
sponge, gr. xxxv, made into a thick paste with a few 
drops of water. P., marsh'mallow, a compound of 
gum arabic, sugar, white of egg, and orange-flower 
water; it is demulcent. P., sen'na, a paste pre- 
pared by beating figs and powdered senna thor- 
oughly together to the consistence of a confection 
and covering with sugar. P., tooth, see Dentifricium. 
P., Vien'na, see Powder, Vienna. P., Ward's, con- 
fectio piperis nigra. 
Pastel' (dim. of Pasta). Isatis tinctoria. 
Pas'tern. Part between fetlock joint and hoof in 
the horse ; homologue of phalanges. 
Pasteurization, pas-tur-i-za'shun. Prevention of 
decomposition, as in milk or wine, by destroying the 
micro-organisms contained therein. 
Pasteur's (pas-ter's) fluid. Cane-sugar, 108 gm.; 
ammonium tartrate, 10 gm.; ashes of yeast, 0.75 gm.; 
distilled water, 1000 cc. Used as a culture-medium. 
Pastil, pas-teel' (dim. of Pasta). A compound of 
aromatic substances with nitre; used as a fumigating 
material when set fire to. See Fumigation. The 
French use the term pastille for a solid, dry, round, 
oblong, square, or triangular compound whose base is 
essential oil, and sugar the excipient. These pastilles 
are in fact small lozenges, and only differ from the 
tablette in their lesser size. 
Pastil'li digesti'vi Darcet'ii. See Trochisci sodse 
bicarbonatis. P. emeti'nae pectora'les, trochisci em- 
etine pectorales. P. men'thae piperi'tse, Peppermint 
drops (sacch. alb., aquae menthae pip., aq. destillat., 
aa §ij; boil to the consistence of an electuary ; take 
of fine white sugar in powder, volatile oil of 
peppermint, 3ss; mix, and add the electuary while 
warm; drop it then on marble, and dry the drops; 
Ph. P.). P. nat'rii bicarbon'ici or P. de Vich'y, 
troches of bicarbonate of sodium. 
Pastil'lus. Pastil. 
Pastina'ca altiss'ima (dim. of Pasta, from pastas, 
food). P. opoponax. P. ane'thum, Anethum graveo- 
lens. P. grave'olens, Anethum graveolens. P. opa'- 
ca, P. sativa. P. opop'anax, ord. Umbelliferae; fur- 
nishes the opoponax; Opopanax, Opoponax, Gezir, 
Popanax, exudes from the roots when wounded; odor 
is strong and peculiar; taste bitter and acrid; met 
with in the shops in lumps of a reddish-yellow color 
without, white within; has been recommended as an 
antispasmodic and emmenagogue. P. praten'sis or 
P. sati'va, Garden parsnip; root sweet and nutritious, 
in esteem as an article of food; has been used as a 
diuretic and demulcent in calculous affections, etc. 
P. sylves'tris, P. sativa. P. sylves'tris tenuifoTia 
officina'rum, Caucus carota. 
Pas'ture-evil. See Milk sickness. 
Pata'te. Convolvulus batatas. 
Patch. Discoloration of the skin. P., moth, 
chloasma. P., mu'cous, see Condyloma. P., o'paline, 
an appearance seen in the second stage of syphilis on 
mucous surfaces; if the patch be detached, a red, 
raw, bleeding surface results. 
Patch'es, Pey'er's. See Peyeri glandulse. P., white, 
Milky stains ; smooth patches, seen in the third stage 
of syphilis, resulting from the peeling off of opaque 
epithelium over a deposit of syphilitic lymph. 
Patchou'li. Pogostemon patchouli. P. oil, see 
Pogostemon patchouli. 
Patella, pat-el'lah (diminutive of Patera, a bowl, so 
called from its shape). Knee-pan. A sort of sesamoid, 
flat, short, thick, rounded bone, situate in front 
of the knee, and enveloped in the substance of the 
tendon common to the extensor muscles of the leg. 
The posterior surface of the patella is divided into 
two facettes, united angularly, which are encrusted 
with cartilages, and each of which is articulated with 
one of the condyles of the femur. When fractured 
it is difficult to produce bony union. This can only 
be accomplished by keeping the fractured extremities 
closely in apposition. The ligamentum patellae is a 
strong flat tendon attached to the lower extremity of 
the patella and the anterior tubercle of the tibia. It 
830 
PATHOLOGIST 
may be considered a part of the tendon of the rectus 
femoris, the patella being regarded as a sesamoid 
bone. P. brachia'lis, patella. P. fix'a, olecranon. 
Patel'lar. Relating to the patella. P. fos'sa, de- 
pression on trochlea of femur for reception of patella. 
P. plex'us, formed in front of the knee by branches 
of the internal saphenous and internal and middle 
cutaneous nerves. P. re'flex or P. ten'don, knee-jerk. 
Patellaria, pa-tel-lar'e-ah. Genus of fungi. P. 
geograph'ica, species of Europe having febrifuge 
properties. 
Patella'tus. Applied to polypus forming an almost 
orbicular expansion. 
Patel'liform. Shaped like a patella or small dish. 
Pa'tency of the fora'men ova'le (pateo, to open). 
See Cyanopathy. 
Pat'ent medicine. Medicinal compound for the 
sale of which the proposer obtains from the govern- 
ment an exclusive privilege. A specification of his 
invention must be registered in the Patent Office, and 
hence it differs from a secret medicine. 
Pa'ter om'nium viven'tium (father of all living). 
Penis. 
Pate'ra (patera, a flat dish) Diog'enis. Palm. 
Pathelna. Affection; disease. 
Pathematol'ogy (pathema, logos, discourse). Path- 
ology. 
Pathengenetic, path-en-jen-et'ik (pathos, disease, 
engignomai, to produce). Produced by disease. 
Pathetic (pathos, passion). That which moves the 
passions. Name given to the superior oblique muscle 
of the eye, and also to the fourth pair of nerves. 
P. mus'cle, superior oblique of the eye. P. nerve, 
Trochlear nerve, the smallest encephalic nerve. Arises 
behind the inferior part of the tubercula quadri- 
gemina (testes) at the lateral parts of the valvula 
Vieussenii. Its roots unite into one thin round cord, 
which makes a turn upon the peduncles of the brain, 
and passes into a canal of the dura mater near the 
posterior clinoid process. It enters the orbit by the 
broadest part of the sphenoidal fissure, and terminates 
in the superior oblique muscle of the eye by dividing 
into several filaments. 
Patheticus, path-et'ik-us. Muscle, superior oblique, 
of the eye. 
Path'etism. Animal magnetism. Doctrine of men- 
tal influences, including hypnotism, telepathy, etc. 
Pathlc. Morbid. See Buggery. P. re'flexes, move- 
ments due to stimulation of sensory fibres. 
Pathlcal. Morbid. 
Pathlcus. Morbid. See Buggery. 
Pathisotherapi'a. See Isopathia. 
Path'ne. Alveolus. 
Patho-anatomical, path'o-an-at-om'i-kal. Relating 
to pathological anatomy. 
Path'ogenes. Micro-organisms which give rise to 
morbid processes in man and the lower animals. 
Pathogenesis, path-o-jen'es-is (pathos, genesis, gen- 
eration). Pathogeny. 
Pathogenetic or Pathogenic (same etymon). Re- 
lating to pathogeny. Having the power to produce 
disease; a term applied to a number of micro-organ- 
isms. P. physiol'ogy, that part of physiology relat- 
ing to the origin of disease. 
Pathogen'icus. Pathogenetic. 
Pathogeny, path-oj'en-e. Branch of pathology re- 
lating to the generation, production, and development 
of disease. 
Pathognomonic, path-o-no-mon'ik (pathos, gignosko, 
to know). Characteristic of a disease, so that it may 
be readily differentiated from other diseases. 
Pathog'raphy (pathos, grapho, to describe). De- 
scription of disease. 
Patholog'ia. Pathology. P. humoralis, humor- 
ism. P. solida'ris, solidism. 
Patholog'ical. Relating to pathology. Often used 
in the sense of pathic. P. anat'omy, see Anatomy. 
Pathologically. Considered from a pathological 
standpoint. 
Pathol'ogist (pathos, logos, discourse). One versed 
in pathology. PATHOLOGY 
Pathol'ogy. Pathematology. Doctrine of disease, its 
nature and results; general, with reference to diseases 
in common; special, to particular history of each. P., 
cel'lular, view advanced by Virchow, assuming that 
every vital process originates from cellular form, and 
that all cells take their origin from a previous cell. 
P., compar'ative, pathology in relation to the ani- 
mal or the vegetable. P., experiment'al, pathology 
in relation to diseases produced in animals for pur- 
poses of pathological research. P., exter'nal, pathol- 
ogy relating to surgical diseases. P., hu'moral, hu- 
morism. P., inter'nal, pathology, medical. P., med'- 
ical, pathology in relation to internal treatment. 
Patholysis, path-ol'is-is (pathos, luo, to dissolve). 
Decomposition of substances in the living body under 
the influence of disease. 
Pathomania, path-o-man'e-ah. Moral insanity. 
Pathomyotom'ia (pathos, mus, muscle, tome, incis- 
ion). Title of a work by Dr. John Bulwer (1649), 
being " a dissection of the significative muscles of the 
affections of the mind." 
Pathonomia, path-o-no'me-ah (pathos, nomos, law). 
Classification of pathological conditions; study of 
laws of disease. 
Pathopatrldalgia, path-o-pat-rid-al'je-ah (pathos, 
patris, one's fatherland, algos, pain). Nostalgia. 
Pathopatridomania, path-o-pat-rid-o-man'e-ah. 
Nostalgia. 
Pathopho'bia (pathos, phobos, dread). Term pro- 
posed as a substitute for hypochondriasis, on account 
of the individual's impression that he is sick or going 
to be sick. Morbid dread or fear, including such forms 
as agoraphobia, claustrophobia, etc. 
Pathopoetlc, path-o-po-et'ik (pathos, poieo, to make). 
Producing disease. 
Pathopoiesis, path-o-poi-e'sis (pathos, poieo, to 
make). Production of disease. 
Path'os (suffering). Affection; disease. 
Pa'tience dock. Eumex patientia; root used as an 
alterative. 
Pa'tient (patior, to suffer). One who is affected 
with disease, especially if under medical treatment. 
See Sick. P. of death, agony. 
Patientia, pash-e-en'she-ah. Eumex patientia. 
Patien'tise mus'culus. Levator scapulae. 
Pat'ne. Alveolus. 
Pa'tor na'rium (opening of the nostrils-pat co, to 
be open). Cavity or opening of the nostrils. 
Patratio, pat-rah'she-o (patro, to accomplish). Coi- 
tion ; ejaculation of sperm. 
Patrin'ia jataman'si (after E. L. M. Patrin, a nat- 
uralist and traveller of Lyons). Nardos Indica. P. 
scabiossefoTia, root of this species yields Japanese 
valerian. 
Pat'ulous. Open. 
Patur'sa. Syphilis. 
Paullin'ia (after S. Pauli, professor of botany at 
Copenhagen). Extract of Paullinia sorbilis, known 
as guarana. P. pinna'ta, of Brazil, acronarcotic and 
poisonous; root-bark used as an anodyne externally 
and internally. P. sor'bilis, of Brazil, climbing shrub, 
source of guarana. 
Paullinitannic (pawl-in-e-tan'nik) ac'id. Kind of 
tannic acid derived from Paullinia sorbitis. 
Paul's bet'ony. Veronica officinalis. Common speed- 
well. 
Paunch. Cavity of the abdomen ; ingluvies. 
Pauonta (pauo, to allay). Sedatives. 
Pausemenia, paw-se-men'e-ah (pausis, cessation, 
menes, menses). Cessation of menses. 
Pau'sis. Sedation. 
Pava'na wood. Croton tiglium. 
Pave'ment epithe'llum. Flattened, scaly, irregu- 
larly shaped nucleated cells, arranged in several su- 
perposed layers, lining mucous (in part) and dermal 
tissues. 
Pavetta Indica, pa-vet'tah in'dik-ah. The root of 
this shrub is stomachic and diuretic. The leaves are 
employed in cutaneous affections and applied to 
hemorrhoids. 
Pavietln, pav'e-et-in. Prasctin. 
831 
PEARL 
Paviin, pav'e-in. Prasin. 
Pavil'ion. The French gave the name pavilion (pa- 
pilio, a canopy) to the expanded extremity of a canal 
or cavity-for example, of a catheter, sound, etc. 
P. of the ear is seated behind the cheeks, beneath 
the temple, and anterior to the mastoid process; its 
size varies in individuals; it is free above, behind, 
and below; anteriorly and within it is continuous 
with the neighboring parts. Its outer surface has 
several prominences-the Helix, Anthelix, Tragus, An- 
titragus, and Lobe-and several cavities-the Groove of 
the Helix, the Fossa navie.ularis, and the Concha. The 
skin covering the pavilion is very fine, and studded 
with a number of sebaceous follicles. The auricle is 
fixed to the head by three fibro-areolar ligaments-a 
superior, anterior, and posterior. P. of Fallo'pian 
tube, its free expanded extremity. 
Pavimen'tum cer'ebri (pavement of the brain). 
Base of the brain. P. or'bitse, floor of orbit. P. 
tym'pani, floor of tympanic cavity. P. ventric'uli, 
floor of ventricle. 
Pavi'na. ASsculus hippocastanum. 
Pavita'tio (pavito, to tremble from fear). Tremor. 
Trembling from fright. 
Pavonia coccinea, pav-o'ne-ah kok-sin'e-ah. Scar- 
let mallow; plant growing in the Antilles. The 
flowers are applied externally in inflammations of 
the eye, and given internally as demulcent. 
Pavor (L.). Dread; great fright. Panophobia. Old 
term for scabies. P. noctur'nus, fear during sleep; 
night-terrors. 
Pa'vy's disease'. Intermittent cyclic albumin- 
uria. P.'s solu'tion or test, copper sulphate 16 gr., 
neutral potassic tartrate 32 gr., caustic potash 64 gr., 
water 1 oz.; 100 represent half a grain of grape- 
sugar ; test for sugar in the urine. 
Paw ([W.] pawen, a foot). Manus. 
Paw'paw. See Carica papaya. 
Pax'wax or Paxywax'y. See Nucha. 
Pay'ta bark. Variety of pale cinchona-bark from 
Payta, Peru. 
Pay'tamine. Amorphous alkaloid in white Payta 
bark. 
Paytine, pa'teen. C2iH24N2O,H2O. Natural crystal- 
lizable alkaloid in white Payta bark. 
Pb. Abbv. for plumbum, lead. 
P. B. or Br. Abbv. for Pharmacopoeia Britannica, 
British Pharmacopoeia. 
P. Bor. Abbv. for Pharmacopoeia Borussica, Prus- 
sian Pharmacopoeia. 
P. D. Abbv. for Pharmacopoeia Dublinensis, Dublin 
Pharmacopoeia. 
P. E. Abbv. for Pharmacopoeia Edinensis, Edin- 
burgh Pharmacopoeia. 
Pea. Pisum; see Peas. P., gar'den, pisum. P., 
ground squir'rel, Jeflersoniana Bartoni. P., hoar'y, 
Galega Virginiana. P., love, Abrus precatorius. P. 
nut, Arachis hypogea. P., part'ridge, Cassia chamse- 
cristi. P., tur'key, Galega Virginiana. 
Peach (pessicum, corr. from persicum, Persian). See 
Amygdalus Persica. P. bran'dy, see Amygdalus Persica. 
P. tree, Amygdalus Persica. P. wood, see Ceesalpinia. 
Peach'wort. Polygonum persicaria. 
Pea'gle. Primula veris. 
Plan's operation. Laparotomy for removal of 
uterine fibroids. 
Pea'-nut. Ground-nut. Arachis hypogea. P.-n. 
oil, ground-nut oil; oleum arachis. 
Pear. See Pyrus mains. P., al'ligator, Persea gra- 
tissima. P., an'chovy, Grias cauliflora. P., avoca'do, 
Persea gratissima. 
Pearl. Roundish concretion, of a silvery white 
color and brilliant polish, found in several shells, 
and especially in the Avicula margaritifera, which 
has hence been called Mother of pearl, and is much 
used in the fabrication of handles for surgical instru- 
ments, etc. Pearls were formerly given in powder as 
astringents and antacids. They consist of lime and 
an animal matter. P. ash, potash of commerce. P. 
bar'ley, barley deprived of all its investments and 
afterward rounded and polished in a mill. P. dis- PEARL-LIKE TUMOR 
ease, tuberculosis in cattle. P., medic'inal, capsules 
containing medicine for internal use; also capsules 
of thin glass containing liquid for inhalation. P., 
moth'er of, see Pearl. P. plant, Lithospermum offic- 
inale ; seed diuretic; lithontryptic. P. sa'go, sago 
in small grains, prepared by passing moistened sago 
through a sieve and drying small fragments by con- 
stant stirring over a fire. P. tu'mor, cholesteatoma. 
P. white, bismuth subnitrate. 
Pearl-like tu'mor. Cholesteatoma; tuberculosis in 
cattle. 
Pearlzy bod'ies. Collections of concentrically lami- 
nated, flattened, fibre-like cells seen in epithelio- 
mata ; known also as bird's-nest bodies or epidermic 
spheres. P. everlast'ing, Antennaria margaritacea. 
P. tu'mor, cholesteatoma; tuberculosis in cattle. 
Pear'son's arsen'ical solu'tion. Aqueous solution 
of sodium arseniate, about 0.1 per cent. 
Peas, is'sue. Round bodies of wood of the size of 
a pea, which are placed in issues for the purpose of 
hastening suppuration. 
Peas'lee's opera'tion. Superficial tracheotomy. 
Peat, pete. Brown or black unctuous substance, 
composed of decomposing vegetable matter found in 
bogs beneath surface of turf. Contains humic, phos- 
phoric, and sulphuric acids; used for baths and poul- 
tices and for antiseptic surgical dressing. 
Pebrine, peb'reen. See Muscardine. 
Pecan' or Peccan' nut. See Hickory. 
Peccant, pek'kant (pecco, to sin). Morbid; not 
healthy; epithet given by humorists to the humors 
when erring in quality or quantity. Pathogenic. 
See Materia morbosa. 
Pechedion, pek-e'de-on. Perineum. 
Pechi'agra. Gout in the elbows. 
Pechu'rim or Pichu'rim cor'tex. A highly aro- 
matic bark, the produce of a species of Laurus; ex- 
tremely fragrant, like cinnamon, which it greatly re- 
sembles in its properties. In Portugal used in the 
cure of dysentery, etc. See Pichurim beans. 
Pechy'agra (pechus, elbow, agra, seizure). Gout 
affecting the elbow. 
Pe'chys. Elbow. 
Pechytyr'be. Porphyra nautica; scurvy. 
Pecquet (pek'ka), cis'tern or res'ervoir or duct of. 
Receptaculum chyli; thoracic duct. 
Pectase, pek'taze. Albuminoid ferment found in 
unripe fruit, roots, etc. 
Pectate, pek'tate. Salt of pectic acid. 
Pec'ten (border, row). Pubes; also a comb. P. 
commissu'rae anterio'ris, bundles of fibres running 
transversely, existing in velum of anterior commis- 
sure of brain. P. den'tium, see Sepes. P. ven'eris, 
Scandix cerefolium. 
Pec'tic ac'id. Substance obtained from pectin. 
Pec'tin (pektos, coagulated, curdled). A principle 
which forms the basis of vegetable j elly. Extensively 
diffused in the juices of pulpy fruits and roots, es- 
pecially when mature, and occasions the coagulation 
of these juices when they are mixed with alcohol or 
boiled with sugar. Basis of one of the classes of ele- 
mentary principles called the pectinaceous. 
Pectina'ceous. Pectinous. 
Pectinse'us or Pectina'lis (pecten, pubes). Muscle 
situate at the inner and upper part of the thigh ; it is 
long, flat, and triangular; attached, above, to the 
space which separates the iliopectineal eminence 
from the spine of the pubis, and below, by a flat 
tendon, to the oblique line which descends from the 
lesser trochanter to the linea aspera. It bends the 
thigh on the pelvis, and carries it outward in adduc- 
tion and rotation ; may also bend pelvis on thigh. 
Pec'tinate lig'ament of the i'ris. Peculiar sponge- 
like, tubercular connective tissue filling up the angle 
at the juncture of the cornea and iris. 
Pec'tinated (pecten, comb). Having the shape of 
the teeth of a comb. P. mus'cles, Pectinati muscnli; 
the fascicular texture observed in the right auricle 
of the heart-Musculi auriculae pectinati. Their main 
use probably is to prevent the over-dilatation of the 
auricles, 
832 
PECTORALIS 
Pectina'tus. Pectinalis. 
Pectine'al bursa. Bursa under the tendon of the 
pectineus muscle. P. fas'cia, part of fascia lata cov- 
ering pectineus and adductor longus, attached above 
to crest of pubis. 
Pectineofem'oral band. Pubofemoral ligament. 
Pectine'us. Pectinalis. 
Pectiniductor pek-tin-e-duk'tor. Pectinalis. 
Pectin'iform (pecten, comb, forma, shape). Pectin- 
ated; fimbriated. P. sep'tum, median septum of con- 
nective tissue between corpora cavernosa. 
Pec'tinous. Pectinaceous. Of or belonging to pec- 
tin or vegetable jelly, as a pectinous or pectinaceous 
vegetable principle. 
Pectization, pek-ti-za'shun. Process of being con- 
verted into a gelatinous state. 
Pectoic acid, pek-to'ik as'id. Product of transfor- 
mation of pectose occurring in ripe fruit. 
Pec'toral (pectus, breast). Relating to the breast; 
see Pectoralis and Pectorals. P. aor'ta, thoracic 
aorta; see Aorta. P. arch, bony apparatus by 
which the pectoral limb is attached to the axial 
skeleton; in man it consists of clavicle and 
scapula. P. drops, Bate'man's, consist chiefly of 
tincture of castor, with some camphor and opium, 
flavored by aniseed. Gray gives the following for- 
mula : Castor, ; ol. anisi, 3j camph., 3v; cocci, 
3jss; opii., 3vj; proof spirit, a gallon. A form ad- 
vised by a committee of the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy is the following: Alcohol, dil., cong. iv; 
santal. rubr. ras., ; digere per boras xxiv; cola et 
adde pulv. opii, pulv. catechu., camphorse, aa oij; ol. 
anisi,3iv; digest for ten days. P. frem'itus, vibra- 
tion of chest-walls on speaking. P. fruits, dates, figs, 
jujubes, Corinthian raisins, equal parts; cut and 
mix. P. glands, lymphatics accompanying the long 
thoracic artery. P. intercos'tal nerves, upper six, 
supplying thorax only. P. limb, that attached to the 
trunk by the pectoral arch, in man upper extrem- 
ity, in quadrupeds anterior extremity. P. nerves, 
see Thoracic nerves. P. ridge, external lip of bicip- 
ital groove, to which is attached pectoralis major. P. 
syr'up, Jack'son's, see Jackson. P. tea, mixture of 
althea, glycyrrhiza, mullein flowers, orris root, colt's 
foot, and anise (P. G.); of flowers of althea, mallow, 
mullein, mouse-ear, violet, colt's foot, and poppy 
(Cod.); used in preparation of a demulcent infusion 
or tisane. P. tu'berele, impression for pectoralis 
major on anterior surface of the clavicle near its 
external end. 
Pectora'le. Corset; also medicine for relieving or 
removing affections of the chest. 
Pectora'lis inter'nus. Triangularis sterni. P. 
ma'jor, Pectoralis. A large, flat, triangular muscle, 
situate at the anterior part of the chest before 
the axilla. Attached, on the one hand, by means of 
aponeurotic fibres, to the inner half of the anterior 
edge of the clavicle, the anterior surface of the 
sternum, and to the cartilages of the first six true 
ribs; on the other, by a strong tendon which is in- 
serted at the anterior edge of the bicipital groove of 
the humerus. It moves the arm in various directions. 
If it be hanging by the side of the body, it carries it 
inward and a little forward. When the arm is raised, 
it depresses it and carries it inward. It can also 
move it in rotation inward. If the humerus be raised 
and fixed, the pectoralis major draws the trunk 
toward the upper extremity. P. min'imus, super- 
numerary muscle sometimes found arising from first 
rib and inserted into coracoid process. P. mi'nor, 
situate beneath the preceding, at the anterior and 
upper part of the chest. It is flat and triangular; 
attached by its base, which appears digitated, to the 
upper edge and outer surface of the third, fourth, and 
fifth true ribs, and is inserted at the interior part of 
the coracoid process. It draws the scapula forward 
and downward, and makes it execute a rotatory mo- 
tion, by virtue of which its inferior angle is carried 
backward and the anterior depressed. When the 
shoulder is fixed, it elevates the ribs to which it 
is attached and aids in the dilatation of the chest. PECTORALS 
Connected with the upper edge of the pectoralis minor 
and inserted into the first rib and the coracoid process, 
and the clavicle between these points, is a thick fas- 
cia called the costocoracoid membrane. 
Pec'torals. Medicines considered proper for re- 
lieving or removing affections of the chest. 
Pectoril'oquous bronchoph'ony. See Pectoriloquy. 
Pectoril'oquy. Pectoriloquism, Cavernous voice. 
Speech or voice coming from the chest. Laennec has 
designated by this name the phenomenon often pre- 
sented by consumptive individuals when their chests 
are examined with the stethoscope. The voice seems 
to issue directly from the chest and to pass through 
the central canal of the cylinder-a phenomenon 
owing to the voice resounding in the anfractuous 
cavities produced in the lungs by the suppuration or 
breaking down of tubercles, which constitute abscesses 
or ulcers of the lungs. By some it is not separated 
from bronchophony, having been termed, at times, 
strong bronchophony and pectoriloquous bronchophony. 
See Laryngophony. Whispering pectoriloquy is that 
produced by the whispering of the patient. 
Pectoro'sus (pectus, chest). One who has a broad 
chest. 
Pec'tose. Neutral amorphous principle, insoluble 
in all neutral solvents, found in unripe fruits and 
some fleshy roots; by action of acids, etc. convertible 
into pectin. 
Pec'tous. Gelatinous. 
Pectun'culus. Series of fine longitudinal furrows, 
seen with slightly magnifying power on the wall of 
the Sylvian aqueduct. 
Pec'tus. Sternum; thorax. P. carina'tum, see 
Carina and Lordosis. P. excava'tum, condition in 
which the chest has a sunken appearance. 
Pectusculum, pek-tus'ku-lum. Metatarsus. 
Pecu'lium (private property). Penis. 
Ped'agra. Potassii supertartras impurus. 
Pe'dal (pes, foot). Relating to the foot; as P. 
aponeuro'sis, a thin aponeurotic layer which invests 
the extensor brevis digitorum pedis and separates the 
tendons of the foot from each other. 
Peda'lium mu'rex. Gokhru, large, succulent East 
Indian herb, ord. Pedalineae; leaves and seeds are 
very mucilaginous, and in high repute in urinary 
disorders. 
Ped'erasty or Paed'erasty. See Psederastia. 
Pedesis, ped-a'sis (pedao, to leap). Pulsation. 
Pedeth'mos. Pulsation; subsultus. 
Pediae'us exter'nus. Extensor brevis digitorum 
pedis. P. inter'nus, flexor brevis digitorum pedis. 
Pedialgia, ped-i-al'je-ah (pedion, algos, pain). Pedi- 
onalgia, Pedioneuralgia. Pain in the side of the foot. 
Neuralgia of the foot in general. An affection of this 
kind, under the name Pedionalgie, prevailed in 1672 
at Savigliano in Piedmont, and in 1806 among the 
military at Padua. 
Pediat'rics. Treatment of the diseases and pres- 
ervation of the health of children. 
Pediatry, ped-e-at're. Paediatrics. 
Ped'icellated. Pediculated. 
Ped'icle (dim. of Pes, foot). A slender stalk. 
Narrow portion of a tumor, from which it has been 
developed and by which it is supported. See Ovari- 
otomy. P., neu'ral, see Neural arch. P-s of op'tic 
thal'ami, peduncles of optic thalami. P. of ver'tebra, 
narrowed portion connecting the lamina with the 
body. P., vitel'line, see Vesicula umbilicalis. 
Pedic'ular. Relating to a pedicle. 
Pedicula'ria (pediculus). Delphinium staphisagria; 
pediculosis. 
Pedicularis, ped-ik-u-lar'is (pediculus, louse). 
Lousy; relating to lice. P. palus'tris, marsh louse- 
wort ; herb is used externally to kill vermin on horses 
and cattle. 
Pedic'ulated. Pedicellated. Supported by a pedicle. 
Pedicula'tio (pediculus). Phtheiriasis. 
Pediculation, ped-ik-u-la'shun. Formation of a 
pedicle. Condition of lousiness. 
Pediculodermata, ped-ik-u-lo-dur'mat-ah. Cuta- 
neous affections due to presence of pediculi. 
833 
PEDUNCLE 
Pediculopho'bia (pediculus, phobos, fear). Morbid 
dread of phtheiriasis, with erroneous belief that one 
is affected with it. 
Pediculo'sis (pediculus). Phtheiriasis. 
Pedic'ulus (dim. of Pes, foot, from its having many 
feet). Louse. A genus of wingless, non-metamor- 
phosing, parasitic insects. The human body is in- 
fested by several kinds: The Body-louse or Clothes- 
louse, Pediculus vestimenti or vestimentorum or corporis; 
the Head-louse, Pediculus capitis, which lives in the 
hair; the Brow-louse, Pediculus palpebrarum; the Crab- 
louse, Pediculus pubis, which infests the hair of the 
pubes. Infusion of tobacco or mercurial ointment, 
or ointment of white precipitate or of red precipitate 
of mercury, readily destroys them. Solution of the 
bichloride, also extractum staphisagriae fluidum (3j) 
to acidum aceticum dilutum (J|iij), are very useful 
applications. The louse occurring in phtheiriasis, 
Pediculus tabescentium, Distemper louse, is said to differ 
from the common louse. The eggs are called nits. 
See Parasites. Also a pedicle. P. cap'itis, see Pedic- 
ulus. P. cor'poris or vestimen'ti, see Pediculus. P. 
inguina'lis or pu'bis, crab-louse. P. palpebra'rum, 
see Pediculus. P. tabescen'tium, see Pediculus. 
Ped'icure (pes, foot, euro, to cure). Chiropodist. 
Ped'icus (pes). Extensor brevis digitorum pedis. 
Pedigam'bra. Ysambra. 
Pedilan'thus padifo'lius (pedilon, shoe, anthos, 
flower). Plant of South America and Antilles, em- 
ployed in syphilis; root is used like ipecac. P. pavo'nis, 
plant, milk of which is drastic; root possesses emetic 
qualities, and leaves are said to be emmenagogue and 
antisyphilitic. P. tithymaloi'des, Euphorbia tithyma- 
lo'ides, Jewbush, ord. Euphorbiacese, grows in various 
parts of the West Indies. The practitioners of Cura- 
poa give a decoction in venereal cases. It is also used 
in domestic practice in amenorrheea. It is, moreover, 
known and used like ipecacuanha. 
Pedilu'vium (pedes, feet, lavo, to wash). Bath for 
the feet. See Bath. 
Pedimana, ped-im'an-ah. Marsupial animals hav- 
ing the feet in shape of hands, as monkeys. 
Pediococ'cus. Genus of Schizomycetes. P. cere- 
vis'iae, species found on beer. P. Koch'ii, species oc- 
curring in discharges from wounds. P. maggio'rse, 
found in skin of foot and region of nose and thorax 
in man ; non-pathogenic organism. 
Pedi'olus (dim. of Pes, foot). Petiolus. 
Ped'ion. Sole. 
Pedional'gia or Pedioneural'gla. Pedialgia. 
Peditis, ped-e'tis. Laminitis. 
Ped'ium. Tarsus. 
Pedometer, ped-om'e-tur (pes, metron, measure). 
Instrument for measuring the distance covered in 
walking. 
Pedora. Sordes of the eyes, ears, and feet. 
Ped'uncle (dim. of Pes, foot, flower-stalk). Term 
applied to different supporting parts, or, more spe- 
cifically, to certain prolongations or appendices of 
the encephalon. P-s of the brain, two white cords, 
about three-fourths of an inch in diameter, on the 
outside of the corpora albicantia. They arise from 
the medullary substance of the brain, and gradually 
approach till they join the tuber annulare. They are 
formed, internally, of a mixture of cineritious and 
medullary matter, the former of which, being of a 
darker color at one point than in any other part 
of the brain, has been called Locus niger, Substantia 
nigra, Gray substance of Sommering. It separates the 
main body of peduncular fibres into two parts. The 
lower or superficial consists almost wholly of white 
fibres collected into coarse fasciculi, and is called the 
crust or basis or fasciculated portion of the peduncle. 
The upper portion is named tegmentum. P. of the cere- 
bel'lum, six in number, three on each side-superior, 
middle, and inferior. The superior peduncles are gen- 
erally known as the Processus cerebelli ad testes, Crura 
cerebelli ad corpora quadrigemina, Brachia copulativa; 
the inferior, the Processus cerebelli ad medullam oblonga- 
tam; and the middle are called also Cerebellar peduncles 
-Processus or Crura cerebelli ad pontem, Processus ad PEDUNCULAR 
pontem, Brachia ponds. P. of cor'pus callo'sum, two 
white bands continuous with longitudinal striae above, 
diverging below to anterior perforated space of either 
side. P., infe'rior, of the cerebel'lum, corpora res- 
tiformia. P. of the medul'la oblonga'ta, corpora res- 
tiformia. P. of op'tic thal'amus, bundles of white 
fibre connecting it with other parts of the brain: ante- 
rior, from frontal end and external nucleus of gan- 
glion to frontal lobes; inferior or internal, downward 
and outward from zonal stratum and internal nucleus 
to near Sylvian fissure under the optic tract. A superior 
is constituted by anterior pillars of fornix and bundle 
of Vicq d'Azyr, taken together; posterior, by optic 
radiations. P. of the pin'eal gland, two medullary 
bands or strips which seem to issue from the pineal 
gland, and proceed on each side upon the upper and 
inner region of the optic thalami. See Pineal gland. 
P. of sep'tum lu'cidum, white fibres running upon 
either side in front of septum lucidum to corpus cal- 
losum. 
Pedun'cular. Relating to a peduncle. P. ar'te- 
ries, twigs supplying crura cerebri: median, arising 
from posterior communicating; lateral, from poste- 
rior cerebral or choroid arteries. P. lam'inse, por- 
tion of pineal gland above processus pinealis. P. 
sul'ci, on either side of crus cerebri, separating crusta 
from tegmentum; the inner is also known as oculo- 
motor sulcus; outer as lateral sulcus of mesencephalon. 
Pedun'culate or Pedun'culated. Having a pedun- 
cle or fruit-stalk. P. fi'broid, myoma of uterus at- 
tached to mucous membrane by a pedicle. P. hydat'- 
id, see Morgagni's hydatids. 
Pedun'culi cerebel'li. Peduncles of the cerebel- 
lum. P. cer'ebri, peduncles of the brain. P. cona'- 
rii, peduncles of the pineal gland; see Pineal gland. 
P. medul'lse oblongat'ae, corpora restiformia. 
Pedun'culus. Peduncle. P. cerebel'li infe'rior, 
restiform body. P. cona'ril, P. of pineal gland. P. 
cor'poris mammilla'ris, superficial bundle of fibres in 
trigonum interpedunculare, connected with mammil- 
lary tubercles. P. floc'culi, commissure of flocculus. 
P. gan'glii haben'ulse, fasciculus retroflexus. P. 
hypophys'eos, infundibulum of brain. P. medul'lae 
oblonga'tae, restiform body. P. nu'clei globo'si, 
stem-like process of nucleus globosus directed for- 
ward. P. oli'vse, olivary peduncle. P. pulmo'nis or 
pulmo'num, root of lung. P. sep'ti pellu'cidi, P. of 
septum lucidum. P. substan'tise ni'grae, fibres of 
crusta between pyramidal tract and substantia nigra 
passing up to caudate nucleus; degenerate downward. 
Pee'nash. Maggots in the nasal passages (India). 
Pe'ga. Lesser canthus of the eye. 
Peganelae'on (peganon, rue, elaion, oil). Oil of rue. 
Peganerum, peg-an-a'rum. Plaster into composi- 
tion of which rue enters. 
Peg'anum. Ruta. P. harmala, plant of the Rue 
family, growing in S. Europe and N. Africa; seeds 
are emmenagogue and intoxicant; two alkaloids 
have been extracted-harmaline and harmine. 
Peg'leg. Simplest form of artificial leg, consisting 
of socket for stump with straight rod for support. 
Peg'ma (pegnumi, to stick on). Concretion. 
Pegmaticus, peg-mat'ik-us. Producing coagulation 
or concretion. 
Peg'min (pegma, coagulation). Buffy coat; corium 
phlogisticum. 
Pegology, peg-ol'o-je (pege, fountain, logos, doc- 
trine). Balneology. 
Pegu cat'echu. Black catechu; officinal '.catechu 
of U. S. Ph. 
Peg'wood. Euonymus atropurpurea. 
Pei'na. Hunger. 
Peinotherape'ia (peina, therapeia, treatment). Hun- 
ger cure. 
Peinother'apy. Peinotherapeia. 
Pe'ira. Effort; experience; nisus. 
Pela'da. A word of uncertain origin, applied to 
alopecia, especially to that resulting from syphilis, 
caused by a parasite, the microsporon Audouini. See 
Alopecia and Porrigo decalvans. It is thought that 
pelada is the same as pellagra and rose sickness. 
834 
L PELL1TORY 
Pelage, pel'ag-e (pella, hair). The whole hairy 
system of the body. 
Pelagia, pel-aj'e-ah. A kind of scaly erysipelas of 
the hands, sometimes of the legs, at others of the face; 
pellagra. 
Pelagra, pel'ag-rah. Pellagra. 
Pelargo'nic ac'id. Fatty acid obtained by action 
of nitric acid upon oil of rue. 
Pelargonium an'ceps (pelargos, crane, from the 
shape of the capsules). A South African plant, ord. 
Geraniaceae, the decoction of which is used by the 
Malays in amenorrhoea and to promote parturition 
and ahortion. P. antidysenter'icum, South African 
plant used hy the natives in dysentery. It is hoiled 
in milk. P. cuculla'tum, common on the Table 
Mountain, Africa. It has been recommended in de- 
coction as an enema in colic, nephritis, and suppres- 
sion of urine; an excellent emollient, formerly ex- 
ported to Holland under the name Herba althaeae. 
P. ro'seum, rose-geranium, ord. Aristolochiaceae; 
yields oil of rose-geranium. P. tris'te, root which 
grows at the Cape of Good Hope; is somewhat astrin- 
gent, and is used there in diarrhoea and dysentery 
and as an anthelmintic. 
Pelarium, pel-ar'e-um. Ancient collyrium. 
Pel'ican (pelekao, to cleave). Instrument curved 
at the end like the beak of a pelican; used to extract 
teeth. P. flow'er, Virginia snake-root; Aristolochia 
serpentaria. 
Peli'cide. Boiled honey. 
Pelicol'ogy (pelix, basin, logos, discourse). Dis- 
course or discussion on the pelvis. 
Pelicom'eter (pelix, basin, pelvis, metron, measure). 
Pelvimeter. 
Pelidno'ma or Pelioma, pel-e-o'mah (pelidnos, livid, 
oma). A livid ecchymosis; see Ecchymoma. P. typho'- 
sum, condition in which spots of a bluish-red color 
appear on the body and extremities. 
Pelio'sis (pelos, livid). Purpura haemorrhagica. 
P. rheumat'ica, see Purpura rheumatica. 
Pel'la (pella, skin). Cutis; prepuce. 
Pella'cia. Pica. 
Pel'lagra (pella, skin, agra, seizure). Pelagra, Ich- 
thyosis, Italian leprosy, Scurvy of the Alps. Endemic 
disease of Italy, of toxic origin, characterized by 
chronic, erythematous, desquamative inflammation 
of the skin, with digestive and neurotic derangement. 
Italian leprosy. It has been ascribed to a diseased 
condition of Indian corn, in which it is affected by 
a parasitic fungus, sporisorium maidis. An affec- 
tion endemic in the Asturias is said to be a variety 
of pellagra; it is the rosa or lepra Asturica, mal de 
la rosa. 
Pellagroceine, pel-lag-ro'se-een. Poisonous mate- 
rial obtained from decomposed corn-meal, a mixture 
of toxical ptomaines. 
PelTagrous. Relating to or affected with pellagra. 
Pellar'sis. Pellagra. 
Pel'lens (pello, to drive). Driving, impelling. 
Pellen'tia (pl. of Pellens) medicamen'ta. Medi- 
cines that promote the occurrence of the menstrual 
or hemorrhoidal flux. 
Pel'let (pila, ball). See Globule. 
Pelletierine, pel-la'te-er-een. CsHisNO. Oily, aro- 
matic alkaloid, the active principle of pomegranate- 
bark. P. tan'nate, amorphous salt of pelletierine; 
efficient tseniafuge in dose of gr. v-xx, taken on an 
empty stomach, and followed in fifteen minutes by an 
active purgative. The sulphate, hydrobromide, and 
hydrochloride are also anthelmintic. 
Pel'licle. Pellicula. 
Pellic'ula (dim. of Pellis, skin). Pellicle; a thin 
skin or membrane; a film. P. angi'na, amnion. P. 
o'vi, membrana putaminis. P. sub'tilis, pia mater. 
P. sum'ma, epidermis. P. supe'rior, epidermis. 
Pellic'ulae cor'dis. Valves of the heart. 
Pellic'ular. Resembling or relating to a pellicle. 
PelTis. Skin. P. ae'gra, pellagra. P. sum'ma, 
epidermis. 
Pel'litory. Xanthoxylum fraxineum. P., Amer'- 
ican, Parietaria Pennsylvanica. P., bas'tard, Achil- PELLOUS 
lea ptarmica. P. of Spain, Anthemis pyrethrum. P., 
wall, parietaria. 
Pel'lous. Dusky, dark-colored. 
Pellu'cid zone. Zona pellucida. 
Pel'ma. Sole. 
Pel'matogram (pehna, sole, grapho, to write). Im- 
print of the foot. 
Pelohsemia, pel-o-he'me-ah (pellos, dark, haima, 
blood). Viscidity of blood. 
Pelopic (pel-o'pik) add. Niobic acid. 
Pelopium, pel-o'pe-um. Niobium. 
Pe'lor, Pelo'ria, Pelo'rium, or Pelo'rum. Large 
monster, or one with some part of excessive size. 
Peloricus, pel-or'ik-us. Monstrous; abnormally 
large. 
Pelo'sia or Pel'sine. See Pareira brava. Cissam- 
peline. 
Pelta'lis or Pelta'tus cartila'go (pelte, small 
shield). Thyroid cartilage; xiphoid cartilage. 
Peltan'dra Virgin'ica (pelte, small shield, from 
shield-shaped stamens). Arum Virginicum, Arrow 
arum, Taraho, Wampee ; indigenous, ord. Aracese ; fresh 
roots and seeds are active stimulants, diuretic and 
diaphoretic. 
Peltid'ea amplis'sima (pelte, small shield). Lichen 
caninus. P. aphtho'sa, Lichen aphthosus. P. cani'- 
na, Lichen caninus. P. leucorrhi'za, Lichen caninus. 
P. mala'cea, Lichen caninus. P. spu'ria, Lichen 
caninus. 
Peltig'era cani'na. Lichen caninus. 
Pel'todon radi'cans. Paracary; Brazilian herb, 
used in asthma and as antidote to snake-poison. 
Pelu'de. Pelicide. 
Pelvangustia, pel-van-gus'te-ah. Contraction of 
the pelvis. 
Pelveoperitoni'tis. Pelvic peritonitis. 
Pelviarium, pel-ve-ar'e-um. Artificial pelvis used 
for demonstrations. 
Pel'vic. Belonging or relating to the pelvis. P. 
aponeuro'sis, a tendinous lamina given off from the 
sides of the pelvis and from the entire circumference 
of the brim, which passes into and lines the pelvis, 
and is soon divided into two distinct layers: one, 
external, the lateral pelvic or obturator fascia, which is 
continued to line the sides of the pelvis, and covers 
the obturator internus muscle; the other, internal or 
superior, which passes inward upon the side of the 
prostate, bladder, and rectum in the male, and of the 
bladder, vagina, and rectum in the female, in order to 
form the floor of the pelvis. P. arch, bony apparatus 
by which the pelvic limb is attached to the axial skel- 
eton ; in man, the hip-bone. P. ax'is, line drawn from 
centre of conjugate diameter of inlet parallel to face 
of sacrum and coccyx to centre of conjugate diameter 
of outlet. P. brim, in'dex of, see Index of pelvic brim. 
P. canal', cavity of true pelvis considered as passage 
through which the child passes at birth. P. cav'ity, 
cavity of the pelvis. P. cellull'tis, see Parametritis. P. 
diam'eters, measurements expressing dimensions of 
pelvic cavity. At inlet, anteroposterior or conjugate 
d. is taken in median line from promontory of sac- 
rum to symphysis pubis; transverse or basiliac d., 
at widest part; oblique d., from sacro-iliac joint to 
iliopectineal eminence; obstetrical conjugate d. (con- 
jugate vera), from promontory to about 1 cm. below 
upper border of symphysis; diagonal conjugate, from 
same to lower border of symphysis. In the middle of 
the cavity conjugate is taken from second and third 
sacrovertebral junction to middle of symphysis pubis. 
Meyer's normal conjugate is from the most retreating 
portion of the third sacral vertebra to the upper bor- 
der of the symphysis. At the outlet, conjugate is 
from tip of coccyx (lower end of sacrum if coccyx is 
absent) to lower border of symphysis; transverse or 
bi-ischiatic, between tuberosities of ischia. P. di'- 
aphragm, rectal diaphragm. P. fas'cia, see Pelvic 
aponeurosis. P. floor, see Pelvis. P. gir'dle, pelvic 
arch. P. haemat'ocele, see Heematocele, pelvic. P. 
hsemato'ma, see Heematocele, pelvic. P. in'dex, rela- 
tion of antero-posterior to transverse diameter, the 
latter being taken as 100. P. limb, attached to the 
835 
PELVIS 
trunk by the pelvic arch; lower extremity in man, 
hinder in quadrupeds. P. mem'bers, the lower ex- 
tremities. P. out'let, inferior strait. P. peritoni'tis, 
pelviperitonitis. P. plex'us, continuation of hypogas- 
tric plexus of sympathetic down along internal iliac 
arteries. P. re'gion, ante'rior, that in front of the 
pelvis, limited laterally on either side by anterior 
edge of tensor fasciae latse. P. sur'face of il'eum, 
that which faces the pelvic cavity. P. throm'bus, see 
Iliematocele, pelvic. P. tu'mor, sanguin'eous, see 1 he- 
matocele, pelvic. 
Pelvicellulitis, pel-ve-sel-u-le'tis. Pelvic cellulitis. 
Pelvicliseometer, pel-ve-klis-e-om'et-ur (.pelvis, kli- 
sis, a bending, metron, measure). Instrument for meas- 
uring pelvic inclination and pelvic diameters. 
Pelvicol'ogy (pelvis, logos, discourse). Treatise on, 
or description of, the pelvis. 
Pelvic'ula (dim. of Pel'vis, basin) oc'uli. Orbit. 
Pelvid'ymus (pelvis, duo, to mingle). A monster 
united at the pelvis and double above; dipygus. 
Pel'viform. Basin-shaped. 
Pelvigraph, pel've-graf (pelvis, grapho, to write). 
Instrument for noting anatomic measurements of the 
pelvis when in a dry condition. 
Pelvig'raphy (pelvis, grapho, to write). Measure- 
ment of the contour of the pelvis. 
Pelvimensuratio, pel-ve-men-su-rah'she-o. Pelvim- 
etry. 
Pelvim'eter (pelvis, metron, measure). Pelycometer, 
Pelicometer, Pelyometer, Pyelometer. A barbarous hy- 
brid. This name has been given to different instru- 
ments invented for measuring the diameters of the 
pelvis, and particularly the antero-posterior or fore- 
and-aft diameter of the brim-Pelvimetry. The finger 
is, decidedly, the best pelvimeter, and by it we can 
judge whether the base of the sacrum be unusually 
prominent. Measurement of the pelvis by the hand 
has been called Pelycochirometresis (pelux, pelvis, cheir, 
hand, metron, measure). 
Pelvim'etry. See Pelvimeter. 
Pelviot/omy (pelvis, tome, incision). Division of 
any pelvic bone, especially of the pubes in pubeotomy 
or symphyseotomy. 
Pelviperitonitis, pel-ve-per-i-to-ne'tis. Pelvic peri- 
tonitis. Inflammation of the pelvic peritoneum. See 
Parametritis. 
Pel'vis (pelux, basin, because fancied to be shaped 
like an ancient basin). Part of the trunk which 
bounds the abdomen below. It is a large, bony, ir- 
regular, conoidal cavity, open above and below, which 
supports and contains a part of the intestines and the 
urinary and genital organs, and serves at the same 
time as a fixed point for the articulation of the lower 
limbs, the attachment of their muscles, and the exe- 
cution of their movements. It supports, behind, the 
vertebral column, and is sustained, before, by the ossa 
femorum. It is situate, in the adult, near the middle 
part of the body, and is composed of four broad, flat, 
unequally thick bones, differing much in their shape, 
size, and arrangement, which touch, are articulated 
at some part of their surface, and intimately united 
by means of a number of ligamentous fasciae. Of 
these bones, two are behind on the median line-the 
sacrum and the coccyx; the two others are before and 
at the sides-the ilia. They are fellows, and unite, 
before, with each other. The most important parts 
of the pelvis, in an obstetrical point of view, are the 
brim and the outlet. The brim, Upper opening or Strait 
of the cavity of the pelvis, is the narrow part which 
separates the greater pelvis from the less-the false 
from the true. The true pelvis forms a girdle proper, 
and is below the promontory of the sacrum and iliopec- 
tineal line; the false pelvis is the expanded portion of 
the pelvis above that line. In the well-formed woman 
it is elliptical and slightly inclined forward. Its 
antero-posterior, sacro-pubic, or conjugate diameter 
in a standard pelvis measures 4| inches, but with the 
soft parts 3| inches; its transverse, or iliac, or lateral, 
5| inches, but with the soft parts 4 inches; and its 
oblique, Diameter of Deventer, with the soft parts, 4f 
inches. The outlet, Exitus, Inferior opening or strait, PELVITROCH ANTERI AN 
forms the lower aperture of the pelvis. The antero- 
posterior diameter is here, on account of the mo- 
bility of the coccyx, 5 inches; the lateral, 4 inches. 
The Axis of the pelvis is important to be known 
in obstetrics. The Axis of the brim is indicated by 
a straight line drawn from the umbilicus to the 
apex of the coccyx; the Axis of the outlet, by a 
line drawn from the first bone of the sacrum to the 
entrance of the vagina. An imaginary curved line 
which indicates the direction of the canal of the pel- 
vis has occasionally been termed the curve of Cams, 
in consequence of its having been pointedly described 
by that German obstetrician. P. aequabil'iter justo- 
ma'jor, one equally enlarged in all directions, with 
natural proportions maintained. P. sequabil'iter jus- 
to-mi'nor, naturally proportioned pelvis with dimi- 
nution of the several diameters. P., anatomical, 
bony pelvis. P. au'ris, tympanum. P. aur'ium, 
cochlea. P., beaked, pelvis triradiata. P., car'dinal 
points of, four points of the pelvis: two ilio-pectineal 
eminences anteriorly, and two sacro-iliac articula- 
tions posteriorly. P. cere'bri, infundibulum of the 
brain. P., diam'eters of, see Pelvis. P., dynamic, P. 
of the parturient female. P. fal'sa, false pelvis; see 
Pelvis. P., flat, P. with antero-posterior diameters di- 
minished, others about normal. P., floor of, inferior 
portion of the pelvis, composed of integument, muscles, 
fasciae, etc. P., fun'nel-shaped, narrowed from above; 
also called masculine p. P., inferior, true pelvis ; see 
Pelvis. P. of the kid'ney, small, membranous pouch 
occupying the posterior part of the fissure of the 
kidney; placed behind the renal artery and vein; 
is elongated from above to below; flattened from 
before to behind; irregularly oval in figure; and 
below contracts considerably to be continuous with 
the ureter. Receives the orifices of the infundibula, 
which pour the urine secreted in the kidney into its 
cavity. P., kyphotic, see Kyphosis. P., lordotic, see 
Lordosis. P. ma'jor, false pelvis; see Ante. P. mi'- 
nor, true pelvis; see ante. P., Naegele's, see Nae- 
gele. P. obtec'ta, kyphotic pelvis. P. ocularis, 
glass used for applying lotions to the eye. P., osteo- 
malacic, see Osteomalacia. P., outlet of, lower open- 
ing of pelvic canal. P. ovalis, elliptical fossa above 
promontory on inner wall of tympanum, in bottom 
of which appears the fenestra ovalis. P., rachitic, 
see Rachitis. P. renalis, pelvis of the kidney. P. 
re'num, pelvis of the kidney. P., Rob'erts's, un- 
common deformity of the pelvis, the oblique and 
transverse diameters being much diminished. P., 
roslrated, mollifies ossium. P., scoliotic, see Sco- 
liosis. P., spondylolisthetic, see Spondylolisthesis. P., 
static, bony pelvis. P., straits of, see Pelvis. P., 
superior, false. pelvis; see Pelvis. P., thorny, see 
Acanthopelis pelvis. P. triloba, pseudo-osteomalic p., 
deformity produced by rachitis, resembling osteoma- 
lacic p. P. triradia'ta, sacrum and lumbar vertebra 
project inward toward the centre of the pelvic canal. 
P., true or vela, part of pelvis below the ileo-pecti- 
neal line; see Pelvis. 
Pelvitrochante'rian. Relating to the pelvis and 
great trochanter. The pelvitrochanterian region is 
formed by the pyramidalis, two obturators, gemini, 
and quadratus femoris muscles, which pass from the 
pelvis to the digital cavity of the great trochanter. 
Pelycochirometre'sis (pelux, pelvis, cheir, hand, 
metron, measure). Pelvimetry with the hand. 
Pelycom'eter (pelux, pelvis, metron, measure). Pel- 
vimeter. 
Pelycometresis, pel-i-ko-met-ra'sis. Pelvimetry. 
Pelycotomia, pel-ik-o-to'me-ah. Pubiotomy. 
Pelyom'eter. Pelvimeter. 
Pem'mican or Pemlcan. Meat cured, pounded, 
and mixed with fat. It has been much used as nutri- 
ment on long overland journeys. 
Pemphigodes, pem-fig-o'dees. Epithet given to the 
fever accompanying pemphigus. 
Pemphigoid, pem'fig-oid. Resembling pemphigus. 
Pem'phigus (pemphix, blister). Vesicular fever, 
Bladdery fever, Waterblebs. Skin disease character- 
ized by' successive formation of variously-sized bullae, 
836 
PENIS 
usually seated on slightly inflamed base, with fever. 
P. apyret'icus, form of p. without fever. P. chron'- 
icus mor'ta, pompholyx. P. circina'tus, form in 
which new bullae rise in a circle around the older 
one. P. diphtherit'icus, exposed cutis at base of bul- 
lae, covered with whitish-yellow layer. P. diu'tinus, 
P. vulgaris; attack prolonged, eruption following in 
quick succession. P. folia'ceus, flaccid bullae only 
partly filled with fluid. P. hsemorrhag'icus, blebs 
contain bloody fluid. P. Hungar'icus, anthrax. P. 
lepro'sus, prodromic vesicles of lepra nervorum. P. 
malig'nus, blebs large, form rapidly, and ulcerate. P. 
mor'ta, pemphigus. P. prurigino'sus (Hardy), der- 
matitis circumscripta herpetiformis (Duhring). P. 
veg'etans first appears as a few blebs which break, 
and are followed by warty growths resembling con- 
dylomata; fatal. P. vulga'ris, pemphigus. 
Pem'phix or Pem'phyx. Pemphigus. 
Pemptse'a febris (pemptas, five). Quintan. 
Pense'a mucrona'ta (after P. Pena, a French 
botanist). See Sarcocolla. P. sarcocol'la, sarcocolla. 
Pencil flower. Stylosanthes elatior. 
Pencil-like pro'cesses. Styloid processes. 
Pencil wood. Juniperus communis. 
Pendin'ski ulcer or Pend'jet sore. Aleppo button. 
See Ulcers, endemic. 
Pen'dulous abdo'men. Physconia. 
Pen'dulum pala'ti (pendo, to hang). Velum pen- 
dulum palati. 
Pen'etrating (penetro, to go into). A wound is so 
called which penetrates below the surface or into 
one of the great splanchnic cavities. A medicine is 
also so called which is supposed to pass through the 
pores and stimulate. Also used in the sense of 
pungent. 
Penetra'tion. Power of an objective to give good 
definition of several planes of an object at once. 
Entrance of male organ within the labia majora; 
proof of penetration is necessary to establishment of 
crime of rape; not essential that the hymen should 
have been ruptured. 
Penghawar. Drug derived from certain tree-ferns 
in Java, which has had a reputation in Holland, espe- 
cially as a styptic. 
Pe'nial (penis). Relating to the penis. 
Penicil'li lie'nis. Tufts of fine twigs into which 
the small arteries of the spleen suddenly break up. 
Penicil'liform. Arranged in tuft-like or radiate 
manner. 
Penicil'lium glau'cum. A common fungus which 
gives to decaying organic matter its mildewed appear- 
ance ; generated also in urine after standing a few 
days, or in acid urine containing mucus, albumen, 
etc.; also tuft arising from radiation of a number of 
vessels or fibrous structures from a single point. P. 
ro'seum, species, thought to be a variety of Penicil- 
lium glaucum, occurring on bread. 
Penlcil'lum or Penicil'lus (a painter's brush, dim. 
of Penis, tail). Tent or pledget; pessary. The se- 
creting glandiform extremities of the vense portae 
have been so termed, as well as the villous textures; 
a group or pencil of arterioles. 
Penic'ulum. Compress. 
Penic'ulus. Penicillus; tent. 
Peni'des. Saccharum hordeatum. 
Penid'ium (penis, tail, from the shape [?]). Clari- 
fied sugar made up into rolls. Barley-sugar. It is 
demulcent. See Saccharum hordeatum. 
Pe'nile. Relating to the penis, as penile fistula. 
See Urethral fistula. 
Pe'nis (a tail, pendo, to hang down). This organ, 
the main use of which is to carry the seminal fluid 
into the female organs of generation, is cylindroid, 
long, and erectile, and situate before and beneath the 
symphysis pubis. In the ordinary state it is soft and 
pendent in front of the scrotum. During erection it 
becomes elongated, upright, and assumes a triangular 
shape. Its upper surface is called the Dorsum penis, 
and at its anterior surface there is a longitudinal pro- 
jection formed by the canal of the urethra. Two 
sides of the penis are round, and its posterior extrem- PENISCHISIS 
ity or root is attached to the pelvis. Its anterior ex- 
tremity is free, and presents the glans, prepuce, and 
orifice of the -urethra; formed of the corpora caver- 
nosa, the principal seat of erection, the corpus spon- 
giosum of the urethra for the conveyance of the 
urine and sperm, and the glans which terminates the 
canal. The arteries of the penis are branches of the 
internal pudic. The veins correspond with the ar- 
teries. The nerves are from the internal pudic. P. 
bone, ossification found in the corpora cavernosa in 
many animals, traces of it being occasionally seen 
in man. P. capti'vus, said of the penis when held 
fast during coition by contraction of muscles of the 
perineum in the female. P. cer'ebri, pineal gland. 
P., club or clubbed, a permanent incurvation orbend- 
ing of the penis backward toward the scrotum, which 
is remedied by the removal of a V-shaped piece from 
the corpora cavernosa; see Kyllosis. P., factitious, 
dildoo. P. femine'us, clitoris. P. lipoder'mus, para- 
phimosis. P. luna'tus, curved shape of penis caused 
by formation of bands. P. mulie'bris, clitoris. P. 
palma'tus, said of penis when enclosed by skin of 
scrotum. P. succeda'neus, dildoo. P., suspen'sory 
lig'ament of, see Suspensory. 
Penischisis, pe-nis'kis-is {penis, schizo, to cleave). 
Fissure of penis producing epi- or hypo-spadias. 
Peni'tis {penis, itis). A hybrid word denoting in- 
flammation of the penis. 
Penj'deh sore. See Ulcers, endemic. 
Penna'tus. Penniform. 
Pen'niform {penna, pen, forma, form). Epithet for 
muscles whose fleshy fibres are inserted at the side of 
a middle tendon, like the feathers of a pen on their 
common stalk. When on one side of the tendon they 
are called simple or single penniform; when on both 
sides, double penniform. 
Pennisetum, pen-ne-sa'tum {penna, feather, seta, 
bristle). Plant growing in the East Indies, Cochin 
China, and the Molucca Islands; root possesses diu- 
retic and slightly astringent properties. P. spica'tum, 
gero corn; grass growing in certain parts of Asia and 
North Africa; grain is edible. 
Pen'nycress. Thlaspi; used like mustard. 
Pennyroy'al. Mentha pulegium, Hedeoma pulegi- 
oides. P., hart's, Mentha cervina. 
Pen'ny weight. Weight consisting of 24 grains troy. 
Pen'nywort. Cotyledon umbilicus. P., Asiatic, 
Hydrocotyle Asiatica. 
Pen-palsy. Writer's palsy or cramp. See Cramp, 
writer's. 
Pen'sile {pendo, to hang). Applied to tumors 
which hang by small roots. 
Pensilla {pendo, to hang). Pudibilia; male genitals. 
Pen'sy. Viola tricolor. 
Pen'ta {pente, five). In composition, five. 
Pentabro'mide of i'odine. See Iodine bromide. 
Pentachloride, pen-tah-klo'rid. Compound of chlo- 
rine in which five atoms of chlorine are combined 
with one of another element. 
Pen'tal. Colorless, inflammable liquid obtained 
from amylene hydrate by action of acids; recently 
introduced as an anaesthetic, two or three drachms 
being usually sufficient. 
Pentamethylenediamine, pen-ta-meth-il-ene-de'am- 
een. Pentamethylendiamin. Cadaverine. 
Pentamyron, pen-tam'ir-on {penta, muron, oint- 
ment). Ancient ointment consisting of five ingredi- 
ents-storax, mastich, wax, opobalsamum, and un- 
guentum nardinum. 
Pen'tane. See Amyl hydride. 
Pentapharmacon, pen-tah-far'mak-on {penta, phar- 
makon, remedy). Any medicine consisting of five in- 
gredients. 
Pentaphyl'lum {penta, phullon, leaf). Potentilla 
reptans. 
Pentas'toma coarcta'tum. Taenia solium. P. con- 
stric'tum, see Parasites. P. denticula'tum, see Para- 
sites. P. emargina'tum, pentastoma taenioides. P. 
fe'rum, pentastoma denticulatum. P. serra'tum, 
pentastoma denticulatum. 
, Pentateuch (pen'tah-tuke), surgical {penta, teuchos, 
837 
PEPSIN 
book, which signifies the five books of Moses-Gene- 
sis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy). 
By analogy some surgeons have given the name Sur- 
gical Pentateuch to the division of external diseases 
into five classes-wounds, ulcers, tumors, luxations, 
and fractures. 
Pentath'etum (penta, tithemi, toplace). An ancient 
plaster consisting of five ingredients. 
Pen'tene. Amylene. 
Pentho'rum sedoi'des. Virginia or ditch stonecrop, 
ord. Crassulacese; common N. A. plant; used as as- 
tringent in catarrhal affections. 
Pen'tyl ac'etate. Amyl acetate. P. al'cohol, amylic 
alcohol. 
Pentylic, pen-til'ik. Relating to or containing pentyl 
or amyl. 
Pen'ula (a cover). Ingluvies. 
Pen'ydeh ulcer. See Ulcer, endemic. 
Pe'ony. Paeonia. 
Pe'os. Penis. 
Peot'omy (peos, tome, incision). Amputation of the 
penis. 
Pepan'sis (pepairo, to maturate). Coction, matura- 
tion. 
Pepan'ticus. Maturative. 
Pepas'mus. Coction, maturation. 
Pepas'tic. Medicine supposed to have the power 
of favoring the concoction of diseases. Maturative. 
Pepei'rus. Concocted. 
Pep'eri. Piper. 
Peperomia (pep-er-o'me-ah) rotundifo'lia (peperi, 
pepper). The leaves of this plant, which is a native of 
the West Indies and South America, are diaphoretic, 
antispasmodic, and applied externally to wounds. P. 
umbella'ta, plant of South America; the Brazilians 
use an infusion of the root as a diuretic; oil derived 
from the seeds is used as a stomachic and in scurvy; 
leaves are applied externally in glandular affections. 
Pep'lus. Peritoneum. 
Pe'po. Cucurbita pepo. P. lagena'rius, Cucurbita 
lagenaria. P. vulga'ris, Cucurbita pepo. 
Pep'per. Piper. Black pepper; unripe fruit of Piper 
nigrum (Ph. U. S. and Br.); a warm carminative stimu- 
lant ; see also African, Ashantee, Bird, Black, Bell, Bon- 
net, Bush, Cayenne, Cherry, Goat, Guinea, Jamaica, Japan, 
Japanese, Long, Malaguetta, Pot, Red, Spur, Sweet, Wall, 
Water, West African, and White pepper. P., Af 'rican, 
Capsicum annuum. P., black, Piper nigrum. P. 
bush, sweet, Clethra alnifolia. P., Cayenne', Capsi- 
cum annuum. P., chilTy, Capsicum annuum. P., 
cu'beb, Piper cubeba. P., decor'ticated, see Piper 
nigrum. P., Guin'ea, Capsicum annuum. P., Jamaica, 
Myrtus pimento. P., Japanese, Fagara piperita. P., 
long, Piper longum. P., malaguet'ta, applied to the 
fruit or seeds of several zingiberaceous plants, as well 
as to the pimento; usually considered to be synony- 
mous with grains of paradise and Guinea grains. 
Pep'permint. Mentha piperita. Carminative and 
stimulant. P. cam'phor, menthol. P. drops, sugar 
drops flavored with oil of peppermint. P. test, use 
of oil of peppermint, poured down a soil-pipe and 
followed by a dash of hot water, to detect leaks in 
pipe or fixtures by peculiar odor of the drug. P. 
tree, Eucalyptus amygdalina. P. water, aqua menth® 
piperit®. Solution of oil of peppermint in water to 
500 (Ph. U. S.); prepared by aqueous distillation from 
the herb (P. G., Cod.); from the oil (Ph. Br.). 
Pep'perpod. Capsicum annuum. P., poor'man's, 
Polygonum hydropiper. P., tailed, Piper cubeba. P., 
turnip, Arum triphyllum. P., wall, sedum. P., water, 
Polygonum hydropiper. P., water, of Amer'ica, Poly- 
gonum punctatum. P., white, Piper album. 
Pep'per-root. Dentaria. 
Pep'perwort. Lepidium. 
Pep'sin (pepsis, coction, digestion). Digestive prin- 
ciple. Characteristic nitrogenous enzyme found in the 
gastric juice. Preparation of mucous lining of fresh 
and healthy stomach of the pig, sheep, or calf (Br. Ph.); 
used to assist gastric digestion. Also applied locally in 
form of ointment to ulceration covered with a slough 
or membrane, and as a solvent of false membranes in PEPSINA PORCI 
diphtheria. Saccharated pepsin, pepsinum sacchara- 
tum (Ph. U. S.), is pepsin mixed with sugar of milk. 
Usual dose is gr. x-xv. 
Pepsi'na por'd. Pepsin. 
Pepsinogen, pep-sin'o-jen. Substance in gastric 
glands which develops into pepsin. 
Pepsi'num. Pepsin. P. sacchara'tum, saccharated 
pepsin. See Pepsin. 
Pep'sis. Coction, digestion. 
Pep'tic (pepto, to digest). An agent that promotes 
digestion or is digestive. See Oxyntic. P. glands, 
tubular glands in cardiac end of stomach, which 
secrete gastric juice. P. persua'der, see Pilules aloes 
et kinee kinee. 
Peptogen, pep'to-jen (pepto, to digest, gennao, to 
beget). Substance favoring production of pepsin. 
Peptonsemia, pep-ton-e'me-ah (pepto, to digest, 
haima, blood). Presence of artificially produced pep- 
tone in the blood. 
Peptonate, pep'ton-ate (pepto, to digest). Product 
of action of peptone upon metallic salts, as upon iron 
-peptonate of iron. 
Pep'tone (pepto, to digest). Product of action of 
gastric juice upon albuminoids. Whitish, pale, brown 
powder, free from saline matter, soluble in water; 
prepared by artificial digestion of beef and subsequent 
desiccation. 
Pep'tones. Products of digestion of proteids with 
gastric or pancreatic juice or its equivalent, soluble 
in water, diffusible, not precipitated by acids, alkalies, 
heat, or saturation with ammonium sulphate, but pre- 
cipitated by alcohol and phosphotungstic acid. See 
also Antipeptone, Hemipeptone, and Amphopeptone. 
Peptonization, pep-ton-i-za'shun. Conversion into 
peptones. 
Pep'tonized food. Food partially converted into 
peptones by artificial digestive ferments before being 
swallowed or injected. 
Peptonuria, pep-ton-u're-ah (pepto, ouron, urine). 
Production or passage of urine containing peptones. 
Peptotoxine, pep-to-toks'een (pepto, toxikon, poison). 
Poisonous alkaloid or ptomaine extracted from pep- 
tonized albumin, disappearing as putrefaction pro- 
gresses. See Ptomaines (table). 
Pequet's reservoir, pek-a's rez'er-vwor. Eecep- 
taculum chyli. 
Per. By or through, in composition. Often, also, 
gives intensity to the signification. In chemical 
terms it implies the highest known or possible com- 
bining proportion, as perchloric acid, perbromide, etc. 
Per sal'tum. By jump or jerk, applied to flow of 
arterial blood. 
Pera, pe'rah. Scrotum. 
Peracephalus, per-ah-sef'al-us (per, akephalos, with- 
out a head). A genus of monsters, comprising one of 
the most extensive groups of the teratological series, 
characterized by a sufficiently regular form of the 
body, by the absence of upper extremities, and by the 
thorax being more imperfect than in acephali, or 
even completely null. The essential conditions, con- 
sequently, in their degree of anomaly pass beyond the 
true type of the acephalous monster. 
Peracu'tus. Very acute. 
Peragua, per-ag'wah. Ilex vomitoria. 
Perarticulatio, per-ar-tik-u-lah'she-o. Diarthrosis. 
Peratodynia, per-at-o-din'e-ah (pera, a pouch for 
provisions, stomach, odune, pain). Cardialgia. 
Percep'ta (percipio, to perceive, to receive). The 
effects of nervous action on the animal economy; in 
other words, the sensations, the functions of the 
mind, and their deterioration or privation. 
Perceptibil'ity. See Sensibility. 
Perception. Appreciation which the brain has of 
an impression made upon an organ of sense. 
Perceptiv'ity. Power of perception. 
Per'cha lamella'ta. Gutta-percha in thin, trans- 
lucent sheets. 
Perchlore'thane. Carbon trichloride. 
Perchlo'ric acid. Colorless, oily, very acid liquid ; 
distillate of potassium perchlorate with sulphuric 
acid. 
838 
PERFORANS 
Perchlo'ride. Compound of perchloric acid and a 
base. P. of mer'cury, mercuric chloride. 
Perchlo'ridum. Perchloride. 
Perchlormethane, per-klor-me'thane. Carbon tetra- 
chloride. 
Perclu'sion (per, claudo, to shut). State dependent 
upon peripheral lesion of a part, in contradistinction 
to that associated with lesion of the central nervous 
system or some remote organ. 
Per'colate. See Percolation. 
Percola'tio (percolo, to strain through). Filtration, 
percolation. 
Percola'tion. The terms percolation and displace- 
ment are applied, in pharmacy, to an operation of 
filtration which consists in placing any substance, 
the virtues of which have to be extracted by a men- 
struum, in a funnel-shaped instrument having a sep- 
tum perforated with holes, or its tube stuffed with 
cotton or tow, and pouring fresh portions of the men- 
struum upon it until all its virtues have been ex- 
tracted. The first portion of the filtered liquor is 
called percolate. Used in the formation of certain 
infusions, extracts, tinctures, etc. An instrument 
used for this purpose is called a displacer or percolator. 
Per'colator. See Percolation. 
Percuss' (per, quatio, to strike). To strike upon 
with the view of appreciating the resulting sound. 
To practise percussion. 
Percus'sion. When immediate or direct percussion 
is made on the chest or abdomen, the more or less 
perfect resonance is an index of the state of the con- 
tained organs, and the physician is thus aided in his 
diagnosis. For this purpose the part may be struck 
with the fingers gathered into a bundle and their 
tips placed upon a level. Frequently, however, resort 
is had to mediate percussion, which consists in inter- 
posing between the point of the fingers and the part 
the finger of the other hand, or a pleximeter, and 
striking this instead of the naked chest. P., auscult'- 
atory, see Acouophonia. 
Percusso-punctator, per-kus'so-punk-ta'tor. In- 
strument provided with needles for puncturing the 
skin in rheumatic affections. 
Percussor, per-kus'sor. Hammer employed in per- 
cussing. 
Perditio, per-dish'e-o. Abortion. 
Perdo'nium. A medicated wine of herbs. 
Perei'ra. Geissospermum Vellosii; pereiria. 
Perei'ria or Perei'ra med'ica (after Dr. Jonathan 
Pereira, an eminent English pharmacologist). Wom- 
ival, Venivel, Bangwellgetta, ord. Menispermacese; Cey- 
lonese plant. An infusion of the root is considered 
by the Cingalese to be an excellent stomachic. 
Perei'rine. Amorphous alkaloid found in bark of 
Geissospermum laeve. Tonic, antipyretic, and anti- 
periodic. The valerianate and hydrochloride are also 
employed. 
Pereskia (per-es'ke-ah) aculea'ta. Gooseberry of 
the West Indies; fruits have expectorant and anti- 
syphilitic virtues. 
Perete'rium (perao, to bore). Trepan. 
Pereto'rium. Trepan. 
Pere'zia adna'ta. Mexican herb, genus of Com- 
posite; root is an active purgative; see Pipitzahoa. 
P. mictico'sa, P. adnata. P. na'na and P. Wright'ii 
also contain pipitzahoic acid and are purgative. 
Perfla'tion (perflo, to blow through). Act of blow- 
ing through a tube or canal to effect expulsion of its 
contents. 
Perfoliata, per-fo-le-at'ah. Bupleurum rotundi- 
folium. 
Per'forans (perforo, to bore through). Name given 
to different muscles whose tendons pass through 
intervals between the fibres or tendons of other 
muscles, thence called perforated. See Flexor longus 
digitorum, etc. Under the name Perforating arteries 
are included-1. In the hand-arterial branches, given 
off by the profound palmar arch, which traverse the 
muscles and interosseous spaces; 2. In the thigh-three 
or four arteries, furnished by the profunda, which 
pass through the openings of the abductor magnus; PERFORATA 
3. In the foot-the anterior and superior branches of 
the plantar arch. P. Casse'rii, musculo-cutaneous 
nerve. P. mantis, flexor profundus perforans. P. 
profun'dus, flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus 
perforans. 
Perforata, per-for-at'ah. Perforated space. 
Perforated mem'brane. See Artery. P. space or 
spot, locus perforates. Grayish depressions at base 
of brain presenting numerous orifices for blood-ves- 
sels : anterior, two in number, situate laterally at 
beginning of Sylvian fissure; posterior, single, in 
trigonum interpeduuculare on median line. 
Perforating ar'teries. See Perforans. P. cuta'- 
neous nerve, branch from fourth sacral or pubic 
nerve, perforates great sciatic ligament; is distributed 
to skin over inner and lower border of gluteus maxi- 
mus. P. disease of foot, trophoneurotic affection 
beginning as a cutaneous disorder of the sole of the 
foot, followed by ulceration and destruction of soft 
parts and bones. P. fi'bres, Sharpey's fibres. P. 
ul'cers of foot, ulcers with sharp edges which occur 
on the soles of the feet or between the toes in loco- 
motor ataxy; probably analogous to bed-sores. P. 
ves'sels of bone, found in Volkman's canals in the 
cortical substance. 
Perforatio, per-for-ah'she-o. Perforation. P. cran'- 
ii, see Perforator. P. intestino'r um, perforation of the 
intestines. P. ventric'uli, gastrobrosis. 
Perforation, per-for-a'shun (perforo, to bore 
through). An accidental opening in the continuity of 
parts or organs. 
Perforator. Instrument for perforating osseous 
structures, or for opening the head of the foetus in 
utero when it is necessary to diminish its size. The 
operation is called Cephalotomia; Perforatio cranii. 
Perforato'rium. Perforator. 
Perfora'tus. That which is pierced. Anatomists 
have given this name to muscles whose fibres or ten- 
dons separate to suffer other parts to pass through 
them. Such are the flexor brevis digitorum pedis, 
F. sublimis perforatus, and coracobrachialis. Also to 
parts that are perforated for any purpose-as the sub- 
stantia perforata of the brain. P. Casse'rii, coraco- 
brachialis. 
Perfrica'tion {per, frico, to rub). Inunction. 
Perfrictio, per-frik'she-o {per, frigeo, to shiver with 
cold). Considerable refrigeration; great sense of 
cold; shivering. 
Perfrigeratio, per-frij-er-ah'she-o. See Rigor. 
Perfrigerium, per-frij-a're-um. Perfriction. 
Perfumed' spir'it. Alcoholic solution of volatile 
oils, principally of orange-flowers, bergamot, lemon, 
rosemary, and lavender, with sometimes cinnamon, 
cloves, and orange-peel; commonly called cologne 
water. 
Perfu'sio {per, fundo, fusum, to pour over). Fomen- 
tation. P. frig'ida, see Affusion. 
Perfu'sion can'ula. Two-way canula. 
Per'i. Prefix signifying about, on all sides, round 
about; also an augmentative prefix. 
Periadenitis, per-e-ad-en-e'tis {peri, aden, gland). 
Inflammation of the surroundings of a gland, as the 
cellular tissue, etc. 
Periaere'sis {peri, aireo, to take away). A sort of 
circular incision made in the neighborhood of large 
abscesses; now only practised in some forms of tumor. 
Perial'ges {peri, algos, pain). Very painful; mel- 
ancholic. 
Perialgia, per-e-al'je-ah {peri, algos, pain). A very 
violent pain. 
Periam'ma {peri, hapto, to hang). Amuletum. 
Perianal, per-e-an'al {peri, anus). Periproctic. 
Periangeiocholitis, per-e-an-ji-o-ko-le'tis {peri, 
around, angeion, vessel, chole, bile). Inflammation 
of tissue around biliary canals, of both large and 
small size. 
Periangeio'ma {peri, angeion, vessel). A new 
growth around a vessel, occupying its outermost 
structures. 
Perianthopodus (per-e-an-thop'od-us) diffu'sus 
{peri, around, anthos, flower, pous, foot). Plant of 
839 
> PERICARDITIS 
Brazil used, internally in diseases of the skin and as 
an emmenagogue. 
Periap'ton {periaptos, hung around). Amuletum. 
Periarteritis, per-e-ar-ter-e'tis {peri, arteritis, in- 
flammation of an artery). Inflammation of the sheath 
of an artery. P., gum'matous, see Gummatous. 
Periarthritis, per-e-ar-thre'tis {peri, arthron, joint, 
itis). Inflammation of the tissues surrounding a joint. 
Periarticular, per-e-ar-tik'u-lar {peri, articulo, to 
join). Around a joint. P. car'tilages, circumferen- 
tial cartilages. 
Per'iblast {peri, blastos, germ). Periplast. Amor- 
phous matter which surrounds the endoblast, endo- 
plast, or cell-nucleus, and undergoes segmentation. 
Periblastula, per-e-blas'tu-lah {peri, around, blastos, 
sprout). Ovum in a more developed condition than 
when in the morula. 
Periblema, per-e-bla'mah {peri, ballo, to throw). 
Outer coating. 
Periblep'sia or Periblep'sis {peri, blepo, to look). 
Wild look accompanying delirium. 
Peribole, per-ib'o-la {peri, ballo, to throw). The 
dress of a person. Pericardium. Translation of mor- 
bific matter toward the surface of the body. 
Peribol'ic {peribole). Surrounding, encasing. 
Peribronchial, per-e-bron'ke-al {peri, around, bron- 
chos, bronchus). Situated around a bronchus. 
Peribronchitis, per-e-bron-ke'tis {peri, bronchos, 
bronchus). Inflammation of cellular tissue around 
the bronchi. P. fibro'sa, in this variety fibrous hy- 
perplasia around the bronchi occurs. P. nodo'sa, in 
this form miliary tubercles exist in the tissue sur- 
rounding the bronchi. 
Peribro'sis {peri, brosko, to eat around). Ulcera- 
tion or erosion at the corners of the' eyelids. 
Pericae'cal {peri, caecum). That which surrounds 
the csecum ; hence pericsecal abscess. 
Pericsees, per-is'e-ees. Feverish (old term). 
Perical. Elephantiasis; also Madura foot. 
Pericar'diac. Pericardial; relating to the peri- 
cardium. P. ar'teries, small branches from the 
internal mammary and aorta. P. pleu'ra, mediastinal 
pleura. P. veins, small branches collecting blood 
from the pericardium, emptying into the superior 
cava. 
Pericardiacophrenic ar'teries. Branches of in- 
ternal mammary supplying diaphragm and pericar- 
dium. 
Pericar'dial. Pericardiac. 
Pericardiopleu'ral cav'ity. Part of embryonic 
body-cavity extending into the neck. 
Pericardiopneumato'sis. Effusion of air into the 
pericardium. 
Pericardiothyroi'deus. Muscular bundle extend- 
ing from outer surface of the pericardium to the 
body of the thyroid; regarded as an independent 
fascicle of the sternothyroid. 
Pericarditic. Relating to pericarditis. 
Pericardi'tis {pericardium, itis). Inflammation of 
the pericardium. This is probably the proper appella- 
tion for most of those cases which have received the 
names carditis, cardiopericarditis, cardopericarditis, 
and cardipericarditis. Along with signs of pyrexia, 
the local symptoms resemble those of pneumonia. 
Those which point out that the pericardium is the 
seat of disease are the following: pain referred to 
the region of the heart or the scorbiculus cordis, 
sometimes pungent, at others dull and heavy ; palpi- 
tation, accompanied with spasmodic twitchings in 
the neighborhood of the heart, shooting up to the 
left shoulder; pulsation and sometimes soreness of 
the carotids, with tinnitus aurium and vertigo. The 
breathing is by catches; dyspnoea considerable; pulse 
jarring, jerking, peculiar; the tongue white, covered 
with a mucous coat; and the skin often bathed in 
sweat, as in acute rheumatism. The physical signs 
during the first period are as follows: The action of 
the heart is generally evident to the eye, and may be 
felt by the hand. There is soreness to the touch 
over the intercostal spaces and over a small surface 
in the epigastric region when the pressure is directed PERICARDIUM 
toward the pericardium. Percussion is usually nat- 
ural, but at times there is dulness. On auscultation 
the cardiac movements are found to be frequent, 
abrupt, jerking, and tumultuous; often irregular and 
intermittent. The pulse presents corresponding cha- 
racters. When effusion of lymph has occurred, per- 
cussion may be negative or be but slightly affected. 
On auscultation, in addition to the preceding signs, 
there may be one or more of the rubbing or friction 
sounds resembling the rustling of parchment, or of a 
sawing or rasping character. In some cases the 
sound is like the creaking of new leather. This has 
been supposed to be pathognomonic of effused lymph. 
The most important point in the pathology of peri- 
carditis is its connection with acute rheumatism, and 
it forms one of the most dangerous occurrences in the 
latter disease. It may be acute or chronic; in either 
case it is, of course, formidable. P., can'cerous, car- 
cinoma of pericardium. P., dry, pericarditis in which 
there is no effusion. P. exsudato'ria sanguinolen'ta, 
effusion of blood in the pericardium. P. gummato'sa, 
syphilitic pericarditis accompanied by formation of 
gummata. P. inter'na, inflammation involving inner 
pericardial layer. P., moist, pericarditis with effu- 
sion. P. oblit'erans, in this form of pericarditis the 
cardiac muscle atrophies. P., rheumat'ic, pericar- 
ditis due to rheumatism. 
Pericardium, per-e-kar'de-um (peri, Jcardia, heart). 
Sac or Capsule of the heart. The pericardium is a mem- 
branous sac which envelops the heart and the arterial 
and venous trunks passing from or into it. It is situate 
in the separation of the mediastinum, above the central 
aponeurosis of the diaphragm, to which it strongly 
adheres. Its shape is triangular like that of the 
heart, to which it is fitted; composed of two mem- 
branes : external, fibrous; internal, serous. The lat- 
ter, having lined the inner surface of the external 
layer, is reflected over the heart and covers it en- 
tirely-epicardium-without, however, having the 
heart within it; in which arrangement it resembles 
other serous membranes. It retains the heart in posi- 
tion and facilitates its movement by means of the 
serous fluid contained in its cavity and secreted by 
the membrane. The arteries of the pericardium are 
small and derived from the superior phrenic, anterior 
mediastinal, and bronchial. The veins accompany 
them and open into the brachiocephalic. The 
lymphatics enter the lymphatic glands that sur- 
round the vena cava superior. P. ext er'num, pari- 
etal portion. P. inter'num or viscera'le, visceral 
portion of pericardium. 
Pericar'pium (peri, karpos, fruit). Epicarpium. 
Pericellular, per-e-sel'u-lar. Situate around a cell. 
Pericementitis, per-e-sem-en-te'tis. Inflammation 
of the pericementum. Periodontitis. 
Pericemen'tum. Osseous layer over the fangs of 
the teeth and under the periodontal membrane. 
Pericephalic (per-e-sef-al'ik) ar'tery. External 
carotid. 
Pericholecystitis, per-e-kol-e-sis-te'tis (peri, 
around, chole, bile, kustis, bladder). Inflammation 
involving tissue surrounding the gall-bladder. 
Perichol'ia (peri, chole, bile). Superabundance of 
bile. 
Pericholus, per-ik'o-lus (peri, chole, bile). Very 
bilious. 
Perichondral, per-c-kon'dral. Relating to the peri- 
chondrium. 
Periochondriodynia, per-e-kon-dre-o-din'e-ah (peri, 
around, chondros, cartilage, odune, pain). Pain in the 
perichondrium. 
Perichondritis, per-e-kon-dre'tis (perichondrium, 
itis). Inflammation of the perichondrium; hence 
perichondritis laryngea, inflammation of the peri- 
chondrium covering the larynx. See Larynx, dis- 
eases of (table). P. auric'ulae, haematoma auris. 
Perichon'drium (peri, chondros, cartilage). Fibro- 
vascular membrane surrounding the cartilage and 
serving for its nutrition. 
Perichondrome, per-e-kon'drome. Tumor of the 
perichondrium. 
840 
> PERIER'S OPERATION 
Perichoroi'dal or Pericho'roid. Perichoroideal. Sur- 
rounding the choroid, as perichoroidal space, lymph- 
space between choroid and sclerotic. 
Perichrisis, per-ik'ris-is (peri, chrio, to anoint). 
Liniment. 
Perichris'ton. Liniment. 
Periclasis, per-ik-las'is (peri, klao, to break). A 
comminuted fracture, with denudation of the bone. 
Pericly'menum. Lonicera periclymenum. P. vul- 
ga're, Lonicera periclymenum. 
Pericnemia, per-ik-na'me-ah (peri, kneme, the leg). 
Parts surrounding the tibia; the tibia itself. 
Pericnemious, per-ik-ne'me-us (peri, around, kneme, 
leg). Relating to the tibia and to parts surrounding it. 
Pericolonitis, per-e-ko-lon-e'tis (peri, colonitis). 
Pericolitis. Inflammation of the areolar tissue sur- 
rounding the colon. 
Pericolpitis, per-e-kol-pe'tis (peri, kolpos, vagina, 
itis). Inflammation of the areolar tissue surrounding 
the vagina. 
Periconchal, per-e-kon'kal (peri, concha, shell). 
Surrounding the concha of the ear. P. sul'cus, 
groove between the helix and convex posterior sur- 
face of the concha. 
Periconchitis, per-e-kon-ke'tis. Inflammation of 
lining membrane of orbit. 
Pericorneal, per-e-kor'ne-al. Surrounding the 
cornea. 
Pericowperitis, per-e-kow-per-e'tis. Inflammation 
around Cowper's gland. 
Pericranioedema, per-i-kran-i-e-de'mah (pericra- 
nium, oedema, swelling). (Edema of the head, owing 
to fluid effused under the pericranium. 
Pericranitis, per-e-kran-e'tis (peri, kranion, cra- 
nium). Inflammation of the pericranium. 
Pericranium (peri, kranion, cranium). Periosteum 
covering the cranium externally. P. inter'nus, endo- 
cranium. 
Pericysti'tis (peri, cystitis). Inflammation of the 
areolar tissue separating the bladder from the neigh- 
boring parts. 
Pericystomatitis, per-e-sis-to-mat-e'tis. Inflamma- 
tion of surrounding coat or membrane of ovarian 
cystoma. 
Pericytula, per-e-sit'u-lah (peri, around, kutos, cav- 
ity). Ovum in an impregnated state prior to super- 
ficial segmentation. 
Peridectomia, per-e-dek-to'me-ah. Removal of 
band of conjunctiva from around base of cornea. 
Peritomy. 
Peridenti'tis. Periodentitis. 
Peridentium, per-e-den'she-um (peri, around, dens, 
tooth). Periodontium. 
Perideria, per-e-da're-ah (peri, dere, neck). Twist- 
ing of the cord around the neck of the child. 
Perides'mic (peri, desmos, ligament). Some nosol- 
ogists have given this name to ischuria caused by a 
ligature round the penis or by stricture of the urethra. 
Peridesmi'tis. Inflammation of the peridesmium. 
Perides'mium (peri, desmos, ligament). Delicate 
areolar tissue covering a ligament. 
Peridiastole, per-e-de-as'to-le. See Diastole. 
Perididymis, per-e-did'im-is (peri, didumos, testicle). 
Tunica albuginea. 
Perididymitis, per-e-did-im-e'tis (peri, didumos, 
testicle, itis). Inflammation of the tunica albuginea 
testis or areolar tissue surrounding the testis. 
Perididymium, per-e-did-im'e-um. Perididymis. 
Peridiodynia, per-id-e-o-din'e-ah. Perodynia ; car- 
dialgia. 
Perid'romus (peri, dromos, a course). The extreme 
circumference of the hairs of the head. 
Periencephali'tis (peri, enkephalos). Inflammation 
of the pia mater and superficial layers of the brain. 
Perienteri'tis (peri, enter on, intestine). Inflam- 
mation of subperitoneal cellular tissue around the 
intestines. 
Perienteron, per-i-en'ter-on (peri, enter on, intestine). 
Primitive perivisceral cavity. 
Per'ier's operation. Removal of inverted uterus 
by elastic ligature. PERIFOLLICULITIS 
Perifolliculitis, per-e-fol-lik-u-le'tis. Inflammation 
around a follicle. 
Perifolliculo'ses. Follicular affections of the skin. 
Perigangliitis, per-e-gan-gle-e'tis. Inflammation 
of cyst-wall of ganglion. 
Perigastric, per-e-gas'trik. In immediate vicinity 
of the stomach. 
Perigastri'tis {peri, gaster, stomach). Inflamma- 
tion of peritoneal coat of stomach. 
Perigastrula, per-i-gas'tru-lah. Bladder gastrula. 
Periglot'tis (peri, glotta, tongue). Mucous mem- 
brane of the tongue. Epiglottic gland. See Tongue. 
Perignathic, per-e-nath'ik {peri, around, gnathos, 
jaw). In the immediate vicinity of the jaws. 
Perigraphe, per-ig'raf-a {peri, grapho, to write). Cir- 
cumscription. Aponeurotic intersections of the rectus 
abdominis are so called. 
Perihepati'tis {peri, hepatitis). Inflammation of 
peritoneum covering the liver. 
Perihyster'ic {peri, hustera, uterus). Around the 
uterus; periuterine. 
Perikardi'tis. Pericarditis. 
Perilaryngeal, per-e-lar-in-je'al. Situate around the 
larynx. 
Perilaryngi'tis {peri, laryngitis). Inflammation of 
the areolar tissue surrounding the larynx, which not 
unfrequently ends in perilaryngeal abscess. 
Per'ilymph. Liquor of Cotunnius; fluid surround- 
ing the membranous labyrinth. Aqua labyrinthi. 
Perilymphangeal, per-e-limf-an-je'al. Situate 
around lymphatic vessel. P. nod'ules, lymphoid 
cells developed around lymphatic vessels. 
Perilymphangeitis, per-e-limf-an-je-e'tis {peri, 
lymphangia, a lymphatic vessel, itis). Inflammation 
of the connective tissue around a lymphatic vessel. 
Perimad'arous {peri, madao, to melt away). Ap- 
plied to spreading ulceration of the skin. 
Perimenia, per-e-men'e-ah. Hemorrhage about 
the uterus and its appendages, usually about the time 
of the catamenia. 
Perimeningitis, per-e-men-in-je'tis {peri, meningi- 
tis). Pachymeningitis or inflammation of the dura 
mater. 
Perimenin'go-encephali'tis {peri, around, meninx, 
membrane, enkephalos, brain). Periencephalitis. 
Perimen'inx {peri, meninx, a membrane). Dura 
mater. 
Perim'eter {peri, metron, measure). Circumference. 
Instrument for measuring the visual field. 
Perimet'ric. Pertaining to perimetry. 
Perimetrit'ic. Relating or appertaining to peri- 
metritis. 
Perimetri'tis {peri, metritis). Inflammation of the 
peritoneum connected with the uterus. See Para- 
metritis. 
Perimetrium, per-e-met're-um {peri, around, metra, 
womb). Peritoneal covering of the womb. 
Perim'etry. Measuring of visual field. 
Perimyelis, per-e-me'el-is {peri, muelos, marrow). 
Medullary membrane. 
Perimyelitis, per-e-me-el-e'tis {peri, myelitis). Spi- 
nal meningitis. 
Perimysiitis, per-e-mis-e-e'tis {peri, mus, muscle). 
Inflammation of the perimysium. 
Perimys'ium {peri, mus, muscle). Fascia. Areolar 
membrane or sheath surrounding a muscle or its 
fasciculi. The sheath of the whole muscle is termed 
P. externum; of the fasciculi, P. internum. 
Pe'rin (sac or pouch). Scrotum; testicle; vagina; 
peritoneum; the anus. 
Perinseauxe'sis. Perineauxesis. 
Perinseocele, per-in-e-o-se'le (Eng. per-in-e'o-seel) 
{perinseum, kele, rupture). Perineal hernia. 
Perinseoplasty, per-in-e'o-plas-te {perinseum, plasso, 
to mould). Plastic operation on the peritoneum. 
Perinseorrhaph'ia or Perinaeorrhaphy, per-in-e- 
or'rhaf-e {perinseum, rhaphe, suture). Suture of the 
perineum, in cases of laceration of the same. P., 
Em'met's operation for, see Emmet's operation. P., 
flap, perinaeorrhaphy in which flaps are obtained from 
the region around the cicatrices. 
841 
PERINEPHRITIC 
Perinaeosynthesis, per-in-e-o-sin'thes-is. Langen- 
beck's operation for restoring limited loss of perineal 
tissue by perinaeorrhaphy. 
Perinee'um. Perineum. 
Perine'al. Relating or belonging to tbe perineum, 
as perineal artery, P. hernia, etc. P. aponeuro'sis, 
P. fascia. P. ar'tery, branches of the internal pudic 
distributed to the perineum, superficial and transverse 
perineal arteries. P. bod'y, term applied to designate a 
sort of fusing together of perineal structures by a great 
accession of elastic tissue, at a point midway between 
the posterior vulvar commissure and the anus, thus 
forming a highly elastic and resistant structure or 
body. P. cuta'neous nerve, see Sciatic nerve, lesser. 
P. cystot'omy, cystotomy by incision through the peri- 
neum. P. fas'cia, Perineal aponeurosis. The fasciae, 
superficial and deep-seated-Perineal ligament, Cam- 
per's ligament, Triangular ligament-which belong to the 
perineum. In the anterior half of the perineum, be- 
neath the subcutaneous fat, is a special layer of fascia 
continuous with the dartos. It is the proper superficial 
perineal fascia, sometimes called Fascia of Colles. It 
closes in the urogenital outlet of the pelvis. The in- 
ferior (superficial, deep layer of superficial) perineal 
fascia lies below the inferior muscular sheet, com- 
posed of transversus perinei, bulbo- and ischio-cav- 
ernosus. Middle perineal fascia lies between tbe 
inferior muscular sheet and superior, composed of 
ischio-urethralis. The inferior perineal fasciae are 
between the superior muscular layer and urogenital 
viscera; middle and superior layers are often classed 
together as deep perineal fascia, also known as tri- 
angular ligament of urethra. P. flex'ure, short turn 
which the rectum makes just above the anus. P. 
fos'sa, Ischiorectal fossa; conical fossa, the base of 
which corresponds with the skin; formed anteriorly 
by the transversus perinsei muscle, behind by the in- 
ferior border of the gluteus maximus, internally by 
the levator ani, and externally by the tuber ischii. 
It is filled up with fat and fibrous striae, and usually 
described as the superficial portion of the ischio-rectal 
fossa. P. ischu'ria, retention of urine caused by a 
tumor seated in the perineum. P. lig'ament, trian- 
gular ligament; see P. fascia. P. nerve, branch of the 
internal pudic, mainly distributed to the perineum 
and scrotum of the male, and to the vulva and peri- 
neum of the female. P. nerves, deep, branches of 
the perineal supplying muscles of the perineum. P. 
nerves, superficial, branches of perineal supplying 
perineum, scrotum (labia, female), and inner part of 
the thigh; two in number, internal or posterior and 
external or anterior. P. re'gion, perineum. P. sec'- 
tion, incision through the perineum for the cure of 
stricture of the urethra. 
Perineauxesis, per-in-e-aux-a'sis {perineum, auxesis, 
growth). Reparatory operation for fissured or 
lacerated perineum; colpoperinaeorrhaphy. 
Perineoce'le (Eng. per-in-e'o-seel). See Hernia, 
perineal. 
Perineo-cheilorrhaphy, per-in-e'o-ki-lor'rhaf-e. 
Operation of uniting by suture the freshly-cut sur- 
faces of the labia majora and a small section of peri- 
neum for relief of prolapsed uterus. 
Perineoplasty, per-in-e'o-plas-te {perineum, plasso, 
to repair). Operation for repair of ruptured peri- 
neum when performed after involution has taken 
place and surfaces must be freshened or denuded 
before sewing. 
Perineor'rhaphy. Perinseorrhaphia. 
Perineosynthesis, per-in-e-o-sin'the-sis {perineum, 
sunthesis, placing together). Operation devised by 
Langenbeck for relief of ruptured perineum by 
making a graft from the mucous membrane of the 
vagina. 
Perineovagi'nal. Relating to the perineum and 
vagina, as perineovaginal fistula. 
Perinephric, per-e-nef'rik {peri, nephros, kidney). 
Relating to the surroundings of the kidney, as peri- 
nephric abscess, which is not necessarily dependent 
on perinephritis. 
Perinephrit'ic {peri, nephros, kidney, itis). Relat- PERINEPHRITIS 
ing or appertaining to perinephritis, as perinephritic 
abscess, an abscess dependent especially on inflamma- 
tion of the tissues surrounding the kidney. 
Perinephritis, per-e-nef-re'tis (peri, nephritis). In- 
flammation of the areolar and fibrous membranes of 
the kidney, or of their investing adipose areolar tissue. 
Perinephrium, per-e-nef're-um. Membrane envel- 
oping or surrounding the kidney. 
Perineph'ros or Perinephrus (peri, nephros, kidney). 
See Kidney. 
Perineum, per-in-e'um (perinaios). The space at 
the inferior region of the trunk, between the is- 
chiatic tuberosities, anus, and genital organs. It is 
smaller in the female than in the male, has a trian- 
gular shape, and is divided into two equal parts by a 
median line called the raphe. It is occasionally rup- 
tured during labor. At times it has been made to 
extend posteriorly as far as the os coccygis. The 
part between the pudendum and anus is sometimes 
called anterior perineum, to distinguish it from that 
which extends from the anus to the coccyx, called 
posterior perineum. 
Perineurion, per-e-nu're-on (peri, neuron, nerve). 
Neurilemma. 
Perineuri'tis. Inflammation of the neurilemma. 
Perineu'rium. Neurilemma. P. of the brain, 
neuroglia. P. inter'num, neuroglia. 
Perine'us. Perineal. 
Perinuclear, per-e-nu'kle-ar. Situated around a 
nucleus. 
Perinyc'tides (pl. of Perinyctis) (peri, nux, night). 
Eruption appearing at night and disappearing by day. 
Periocular, per-e-ok'u-lar. Situate around the eye 
or region of the eye. P. space, space between the 
eyeball and orbit. 
Pe'riod (peri, hodos, way). Circuit. Periods are 
the different phases or revolutions of a disease, or 
the epochs which are distinguishable in the course of 
it. Three periods are commonly enumerated: Aug- 
mentation, increase, or progress; Acme, or height; De- 
cline. Some authors reckon only the invasion and 
termination. Period is used, in describing an inter- 
mittent, for the time between the commencement of 
a paroxysm and that of the next, including the fit as 
well as the interval. P., child'bearing, period of life 
in woman when she may give birth to children, com- 
mencing at puberty and ceasing with the menopause. 
P., incuba'tion of disease, see Incubation. P., inter- 
men'strual, time elapsing between occurrences of 
menstruation. P., monthTy, menses. P., puer'peral, 
period following and extending from delivery to 
reappearance of menstruation. 
Periodei'a or Periodeu'sis. Period; also quackery. 
Periodeu'tes or Periodeu'ta (peri, hodeuo, to travel). 
Charlatan. 
Perlod'ic or Periodical. See Periodicity. P. fe'ver, 
malarial fever. 
Periodicity. Rhythm. Aptitude of certain physi- 
ological or pathological phenomena in health or 
disease to recur at particular periods after longer or 
shorter intervals, during which they cease completely. 
Diseases thus recurring are called periodical or 
rhythmical. 
Periodol'ogy (periodos, period, logos, discourse). 
Doctrine of periodicity in health and disease. 
Periodon'tal (peri, odous, tooth). Surrounding a 
tooth. P. mem/brane, Dental periosteum; fibro-vas- 
cular membrane, analogous to periosteum, and itself 
united to the periosteal membrane lining the sockets. 
Periodonti'tis (peri, odous, tooth, itis.) Inflamma- 
tion of the membrane lining the socket of a tooth. 
P. gingiva'rum, inflammation of the gums and their 
surroundings. 
Periodon'tium. Periodontal membrane. 
Periodoscope, per-i-od'o-skope (periodos, period, 
skopeo, to view). Instrument for ready calculation of 
the periodical functions of the female sex. It consists 
of a movable circular dial, upon which the months 
and days are engraved, fixed on a pivot in the centre 
of a large plate on which are numbered the differ- 
ent conditions of the reproductive system, as concep- 
842 
PERIOSTITIS 
tion, abortion, premature labor, hemorrhage, labor, 
etc. 
Pe'riods. Menses. 
Peri'odus luna'ris. A lunar period. See Menses. 
P. mor'bi, type of disease. P. san'guinis, circulation. 
Periodynia, per-e-o-din'e-ah (peri, odune, pain). A 
violent and extensive pain. Cardialgia. 
Pericesophagitis, per-e-e-sof-aj-e'tis. Inflammation 
of the cellular tissue around the oesophagus. 
Per'ion (peri, ovum). Decidua. 
Perionyxls, per-e-on-iks'is (peri, around, onux, nail). 
Inflammation involving the fold of skin adjoining the 
nail. 
Periodph'oric. Surrounding the ovary. 
Periodphori'tis. See Parametritis. 
Periophthalmitis, per-e-of-thal-me'tis (peri, around, 
ophthalmos, eye). Inflammation of periorbital tissues. 
Perioptometry, per-e-op-tom'et-re (peri, around, 
optos, visible, met r on). Measurement or estimation of 
visual power in parts situate at the periphery of the 
retina. 
Perior'bita (peri, orbita, the orbit). Periosteum 
lining the orbit, a continuation of the dura mater. 
Perior'bital mem'brane. Periorbita. 
Periorbi'tis or Periorbiti'tis. Inflammation of the 
periosteum lining the orbit. 
Periorchi'tis (peri, orchis, testicle). Inflammation 
of the tunica vaginalis testis or cellular tissue around 
the testicle. P. adhsesi'va, in this form the tunica 
vaginalis and testis adhere. 
Perios'teal. Relating to the periosteum. 
Periostei'tis. Periostitis. 
Periosteoma, per-e-os-te-o'mah (peri, osteon, bone). 
Osteoid chondroma, Periostosis. Periosteal tumor, or 
a tissue resembling its deep layer, which becomes 
transformed into bone by the cells taking the shape 
of bone-cells, and the matrix calcifying. These 
tumors are more rapidly developed, have a less de- 
gree of consistence, and sooner disperse than exos- 
toses, which they resemble greatly. 
Periosteomyeletis, per-e-os-te-o-me-el-e'tis (peri, 
around, osteon, bone, muelos, marrow). Periostitis 
accompanied with increase of bone. 
Periosteophyma, per-e-os-te-o-fe'mah (phuma, 
swelling). Periosteal swelling; periosteophyte. 
Perios'teophyte (periosteum, phuo, to grow). Os- 
seous formation commencing in the periosteum. 
Periosteosis, per-e-os-te-o'sis (peri, around, osteon, 
bone). Periostitis; also periosteoma. 
Periosteotome, per-e-os'te-o-tome (peri, around, 
osteon, bone, tome, incision). Instrument for cutting 
and lifting the periosteum from a bone. 
Periosteot'omy (periosteum, tome, incision). Incision 
of the periosteum. 
Perios'teum (peri, osteon, a bone). Fibrovascular 
membrane surrounding the bones everywhere, ex- 
cept the teeth at their coronas and the parts of the 
bones covered with cartilage. The external surface is 
united in a more or less intimate manner to the 
neighboring parts by areolar tissue. Its inner sur- 
face covers the bone, whose depressions it accurately 
follows. It is united to the bone by small fibrous 
prolongations, and especially by a prodigious quan- 
tity of vessels which penetrate their substance. 
It unites the bones to the neighboring parts, and 
assists in their growth, either by furnishing at its 
inner surface an albuminous exudation, which be- 
comes cartilaginous and at length ossifies, or by 
supporting the vessels which penetrate them to carry 
the materials of their nutrition. See Medullary mem- 
brane. P., alveoloden'tal, see Alveolar. P., den'tal, 
see Alveolar membrane and Periodontal. P. inter'num, 
medullary membrane. P. or'bitae, periorbita. 
Perios'tic. Relating or appertaining to the perios- 
teum, or to parts surrounding a bone. 
Periosti'tis (periosteum, itis). Periosteitis. Inflam- 
mation of the periosteum. When of a different na- 
ture, accompanied by suppuration, it is called acute 
subperiosteal abscess. P. au'ris me'dise, inflammation 
of middle ear, acute and purulent in character. P. 
caseo'sa, tubercular periostitis. P. gummato'sa, PERIOSTOMA 
periostitis of syphilitic origin in which gummata exist 
under the periosteum. P. inter'na cra'nii, pachy- 
meningitis of exterior part of dura mater. P. ma- 
lig'na, suppurative periostitis due to presence of 
microbes. P. mastoi'dea, inflammation of periosteum 
of mastoid process. P. phlegmono'sa, malignant 
periostitis. 
Periosto'ma. Bony growth around a hone. 
Periostomedullitis, per-e-os-to-med-ul-le'tis (peri- 
osteum, medulla, marrow, itis). Simultaneous inflam- 
mation of the periosteum and medulla. 
Periosto'sis (peri, osteon, osis). Tumor of the peri- 
osteum. Enlargement of a bone from inflammation. 
See Periosteoma. 
Periostostei'tis (periosteum, osteon, bone, itis). 
Simultaneous inflammation of the periosteum and 
bone. 
Periostotomy, per-e-os-tot'om-e (peri, around, osteon, 
bone, tome, incision). Operation of cutting into the 
periosteum. 
Periotic, per-e-o'tik (peri, ous, otos, ear). Surround- 
ing the ear. P. por'tion, petromastoid portion of tem- 
poral bone. 
Periovular, per-e-o'vu-lar (peri, around, ovum). 
Surrounding the ovum. 
Peripachymeningitis, per-e-pak-e-men-in-je'tis 
(peri, pachus, thick, meningitis). Purulent inflamma- 
tion of connective tissue between the dura mater and 
vertebrae. 
Peripancreatitis, per-e-pan-kre-at-e'tis. Inflam- 
mation involving the external tissue of the perito- 
neum around the pancreas. 
Peripe'nial mus'cle. Dartos-like envelope of 
smooth muscular fibres around the penis. 
Peripetasma, per-e-pet-az'mah. Sick-bed. 
Periphacitis, per-e-fas-e'tis (peri, phakos, lens). In- 
flammation of the capsule of the lens. 
Periphacus, per-if'ak-us (peri, phakos, lens). See 
Crystalline. 
Peripheral (peri, phero, to bear). Peripheric, Per- 
ipherical. Relating or appertaining to the periphery 
or circumference. P. anaesthe'sia, anaesthesia of 
the cutaneous nerves. P. as'pect, aspect toward the 
circumference of an organ. Peripherad is used ad- 
verbially to signify " toward the peripheral aspect." 
P. lay'er, outer portion of molecular cortex of brain, 
composed entirely of medullated nerve-fibres. P. 
neuri'tis, a condition having the symptoms of neur- 
itis, with paralysis, dependent usually on chronic 
alcoholism. P. vas'cular sys'tem, capillary system. 
P. veins, interlobular veins. 
Peripherie im'pulses. Influence transmitted by 
nerves from periphery to nerve-centres. P. lin'ear 
extraction. Modified linear extraction. 
Peripheritis, per-e-fer-e'tis. Periophthalmitis. 
Periphery (same etymon). External surface or its 
boundary-line. 
Periphimo'sis. Paraphimosis. 
Periphlebitis, per-e-fleb-e'tis (peri, phlebitis). In- 
flammation of the sheath of a vein. 
Periphracterythema, per-e-frak-ter-ith-e'mah. Cir- 
cumscribed erythema. 
Periphractolichen, per-e-frac-to-le'ken. Circum- 
scribed herpes. 
Periplasm, per'e-plazm. Ectoplasm. 
Per'iplast (peri, plasso, to form). Periblast. 
Peripleumo'nia. Peripneumonia. 
Peripleuritis, per-e-plu-re'tis (peri, pleuritis). In- 
flammation of the subserous areolar tissue of the 
costal pleura; in many cases due to actinomycosis. 
Perip'loca In'dica (peri, pleko, to twine). Hemi- 
desmus Indicus. P. Mauritia'na, Bourbon scammony. 
Periplysis, per-ip'lis-is (peri, plusis, the act of 
washing). A copious discharge from any part, espe- 
cially from the bowels. 
Peripneumonia (per-e-nu-mo'ne-ah) or Peripneu- 
moni'tis (peri, pneumon, lung). True peripneumony. 
Inflammation of the substance of the lungs. See 
Pneumonia. P. bilio'sa, inflammation of the lungs 
accompanied with bilious fever. P. catarrha'lis, 
bronchitis or pulmonary catarrh with pain in some 
843 
PERISSARTERIA 
part of the chest; peripneumonia notha. P. no'tha, 
False or Bastard peripneumony. An inexact name 
under which some affections are comprised that 
resemble pneumonia, and especially chronic bron- 
chitis with pleurodynia; see Bronchitis, chronic. P. 
pituito'sa, P. notha. 
Peripneumonitis, per-e-nu-mon-e'tis. Peripneu- 
monia. 
Peripneu'mony. Pneumonia. P., bas'tard, peri- 
pneumonia notha. P., la'tent, peripneumony whose 
symptoms are so obscure as to be recognized with 
difficulty. 
Peripolar, per-ip'o-lar. Surrounding poles; term 
applied to parts around the negative and positive 
poles of minute portions which are thought to form 
muscles and nerves. 
Periproctic, per-e-prok'tik {peri, proktos, anus). 
Applied to organs or lesions around the anus. 
Periprocti'tis {peri, proktos, anus, itis). Inflamma- 
tion of the areolar tissue surrounding the rectum or 
in the anal region. 
Periprokti'tis. Periproctitis. 
Periprostatic, per-e-pros-tat'ik {peri, prostate). A 
term especially applied to abscesses situate around 
the prostate gland-periprostatic abscesses. 
Periprostatitis, per-e-pros-tat-e'tis. Inflammation 
of periprostatic tissue. 
Peripsoitis, per-e-so-e'tis {peri, psoas). Inflamma- 
tion of connective tissue surrounding the psoas muscle. 
Peripsyxis, per-e-six'is (peri, psuxis, becoming cold). 
Eefrigeration; sense of cold ; shivering. 
Peripyema, per-e-pe-a'mah {peri, puon, pus). Sup- 
puration around an organ-a tooth, for example. 
Peripylephlebitis, per-e-pe-la-fleb-e'tis {peri, pyle- 
phlebitis, inflammation of the vena porta). Inflam- 
mation of the connective tissue in immediate relation 
with the portal vein. 
Perirrhepsis, per-ir-rhep'sis. Term applied to a 
bandage when not in proper place. 
Perirrhexis, per-ir-rheks'is. Term applied to a 
muscle when completely ruptured, or to a bone when 
fractured. 
Perirrhoea, per-ir-rhe'ah {peri, rheo, to flow). Afflux 
of fluids from every point of the body toward an 
organ which has to remove them from the economy. 
Also enuresis. 
Pe'ris. Perin. 
Perisalpingi'tis {peri, salpinx, tube). Inflamma- 
tion of the connective tissue around the Fallopian 
tube. 
Perisceles, per-is'sel-ees {peri, skello, to dry). Irri- 
tating ; said of drugs. 
Peris'celis {peri, skelos, leg). Herpetic eruption at 
the place at which the garter is worn. 
Periscop'ic glasses. Concavo-convex lenses, ar- 
ranged with the view of obviating spherical aberra- 
tion and allowing a greater degree of oblique vision. 
See Lens and Meniscus. 
Periscyphis'mus or Periscythismus, per-is-se-thiz'- 
mus {peri, skuthes, Scythian-that is, scalping after 
the manner of the Scythians). Scalping; an opera- 
tion described by Paulus of 2Egina; it consisted of 
an incision made around the cranium, and was em- 
ployed in habitual weakness of the eyes, pains of the 
head, etc. 
Perisialdochitis, per-is-e-al-dok-e'tis {peri, sialon, 
saliva, docheion, holder). Inflammation involving 
connective tissue around duct of Steno. 
Perispermatitis, per-e-spur-mah-te'tis {peri, sperma, 
sperm). Hydrocele of the spermatic cord. 
Perisphalsis, per-e-sfal'sis {peri, sphallo, to move). 
Circular motion impressed on a luxated bone for the 
purpose of reducing it. 
Perisphinx'is {peri, sphingo, to compress). Liga- 
tion. 
Perisplenitis, per-e-splen-e'tis. See Splenitis. 
Perisporium, per-e-spo're-um. Genus of Fungi 
which are destructive to paper and tissue of vege- 
tables. 
Perissarte'ria {perissos, superabundant, arteria). 
Excessive development of arteries or of arterial tissue. PERISSODACTYLUS 
Perissodac'tylus (perissos, superabundant, daktulos, 
finger). Having supernumerary fingers or toes. 
Perissoma, per-is-so'mah (perissos, superabundant). 
Excreted matter. 
Perissopracticus, per-is-so-prak'tik-us (perissos, 
prasso, to do). Physician who uses more medicine 
than necessary, or who orders excessive doses. 
Peristalsis, per-e-stal'sis (peri, stello, to contract). 
Peculiar, rhythmic, vermicular motion of a muscular 
tube, as the alimentary canal, by which its con- 
tents are forced onward. 
Peristal'tic (peri, stello, to contract). Relating or 
appertaining to peristole, as peristaltic action. A 
medicine that promotes peristalsis. See Systaltic. P. 
ac'tion, peristole. 
Peristaph'yline (peri, staphule, uvula). Relating 
to the parts immediately around the uvula. 
Peristaphyli'nus exter'nus (peri, staphule, uvula). 
Circumflexus muscle. P. infe'rior, circumflexus 
musculus. P. inter'nus, levator palati. 
Peristaphylopharynge'us. First or upper por- 
tion of palatopharyngeus muscle; second or middle 
is pharyngostaphylinus; third or lower, thyrostaphy- 
linus. 
Peris'tera an'ceps (peristera, pigeon, anceps, dou- 
ble). Pelargonium anceps. 
Perister'ium. Verbena officinalis. 
Peristerna, per-e-stur'nah (peri, sternon, the ster- 
num). Lateral parts of the chest. 
Peristole, per-is'to-le (peri, stello, to contract). A 
kind of undulation or vermicular movement, in ap- 
pearance irregular, but in which the circular fibres 
of the muscular membrane of the intestine contract 
successively, from above downward, in proportion as 
the chyme advances in the alimentary canal; so that, 
being compressed above, it is pushed into the next 
portion of the intestine, whose fibres are in a state of 
relaxation. When the fibres contract inversely they 
occasion an antiperistaltic action. Peristaltic action 
is involuntary, and is not under the immediate in- 
fluence of either brain or spinal marrow. It continues 
for some time after death. See Peristalsis. 
Peris'toma (peri, stoma, mouth). Part immedi- 
ately around the mouth or a similar opening. 
Peristom'ium (peri, stoma, mouth). See Mouth. 
Peristro'ma (peri, stroma, bed). Villous or mucous 
coat of the intestines. 
Perisystole, per-e-sis'to-le (peri, sustole, contrac- 
tion). Interval between the systole and diastole of 
the heart; only perceptible in the dying. 
Perit'asis (periteino, to stretch all around). Ex- 
tension or swelling in all directions. 
Peritendineum, per-e-ten-din-e'um. Loose, con- 
nective-tissue sheath surrounding tendons and con- 
taining blood-vessels. 
Periterion, per-e-ter'e-on (peri, tero, to rub, to 
drill). Perforating trepan. 
Perites'tis (peri, testis). Tunica albuginea. 
Peritexis, per-e-teks'is. Dissolution of an abscess. 
Perithe'lium. Sheath of a small blood-vessel. P., 
vas'cular, external vascular epithelium. Nucleated 
membrane forming the outer covering of the larger- 
sized capillaries. 
Perithoracic, per-e-tho-ras'ik. Around the thorax. 
Peritome, per-it'o-me (peri, tome, incision). Cir- 
cumcision. 
Perit'omy. Circumcision of the cornea. Excision 
of the conjunctiva and subconjunctival tissue for 
pannus. See Syndectomy. 
Peritonsealgia, per-it-o-ne-al'je-ah (peritonaeum, 
algos, pain). Peritoneal pain or neuralgia. 
Peritonserhexis, per-it-o-ne-rheks'is (peritonaeum, 
rhegnumi, to break out). Peritonaeorexis. Hernia 
formed by the rupture of the perineum. 
Peritonse'um. Peritoneum. 
Peritone'al. Appertaining or relating to the peri- 
toneum. P. cav'ity, space included by layers of 
peritoneum; see also Sacs of peritoneum. P. fe'ver, 
peritonitis. P. fos'sse, see Abdomino-vesical pouch, 
Caecal fossa, Duodeno-jejunal recess, Ileo-caecal fossa, 
Inguinal fossa, Intersigmoid fossa, Pararectal pouch, 
844 
PERITROPE 
Paravesical pouch, Recto-vaginal pouch, Recto-vesical 
pouch, Subcsecal fossa, and Vesico-uterine pouch. 
Peritoneoc'lysis (peritoneum, kluzo, to wash). In- 
jection of fluids into the peritoneal cavity. 
Peritoneotomy, per-it-o-ne-ot'om-e. Operation of 
incising the peritoneum. 
Peritoneovagi'nal. Relating to the peritoneum 
and vagina, as peritoneovaginal fistula. 
Peritone'urn (peri, teino, to stretch). Peritonaeum. 
Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity. P. 
parietale extends over the greater part of the organs 
contained therein. P. intestinale or viscerale en- 
velops them wholly or in part, and maintains their 
respective relations by means of different prolonga- 
tions and ligamentous folds-the mesentery, epiploon, 
mesocolon, etc. Like all the serous membranes, the 
peritoneum, except in the female, is a sort of sac 
without aperture, which covers the abdominal organs, 
without containing them within it, and the internal 
surface of which is smooth and lubricated by a serous 
fluid. In the male foetus the peritoneum furnishes 
a prolongation which accompanies the testicle at the 
time of its descent, and, in the female foetus, forms 
the canal of Nuck. Below the neck of the gall-bladder 
the peritoneum has a triangular opening, called the 
foramen or hiatus of Winslow, through which it pro- 
ceeds behind the stomach, to form a sort of secondary 
cavity, called the posterior cavity of the peritoneum. 
P. duplica'tum, gastrocolic epiploon. 
Peritonism, per'it-on-izm. Spurious peritonitis; 
this term also denotes a complication of serious symp- 
toms occurring in peritonitis, or in diseased structures 
which are supplied by the peritoneum. 
Peritoni'tis (peritonaeum, itis). Inflammation of the 
peritoneum. The characteristic signs of acute inflam- 
mation of the peritoneum are violent pain in the ab- 
domen, increased by the slightest pressure, often by 
simple weight of the bed-clothes. It may involve only 
a part or the entire membrane. It frequently occurs 
in the parturient state, Lochoperitonitis, and begins on 
the second or third day after delivery. At times a 
malignant epidemic and perhaps contagious variety 
has made its appearance and destroyed numbers of 
females. This has been described under the name 
Puerperal fever, Erythematic or Non-plastic puerperal 
peritonitis, Typhoheemic peritonitis, Malignant puerperal 
fever, Low fever of childbed. It is, according to some, 
a malignant inflammation of the peritoneum and 
uterus; according to others, a uterine phlebitis. In 
any form it requires active treatment, early employed. 
The appearances on dissection are such as occur when- 
ever a serous membrane has been inflamed and such 
inflammation has produced death: effusion of fluid 
with flakes of coagulable lymph in it; appearances 
of vascularity, etc. in the membrane. Subdivisions 
of the subject have been made, as general or partial 
peritonitis, hypochondriac, epiploic, iliac, intrapelvic, 
etc., according to the nature of the region involved. 
P., adhe'sive, in this form adhesions between the two 
peritoneal layers are formed. P., appendic'ular, 
perityphlitis; appendicitis. P., diaphragmatic, in- 
flammation involving the peritoneum of the dia- 
phragm. P., dry, peritonitis before the occurrence 
of effusion. P., erythemat'ic, see Peritonitis. P. he- 
pat'ica, inflammation of peritoneal covering of 
the liver; see Hepatitis. P., non-plas'tic, see Periton- 
itis. P., omen'tal, epiploitis. P., pel'vic, pelviperi- 
tonitis. P., puer'peral, see Peritonitis. P., pyse'mic 
or sep'tic, P. from septic poison in the cavity of the 
peritonaeum. P., se'rous, P. attended with exudation 
of serum. P., tuber'cular, form of peritonitis often 
met with in children or in early adult life, associated 
with tubercular deposit or the symptoms of tubercu- 
losis. P., typhohse'mic, see Peritonitis. P., u'terine, 
perimetritis. 
Peritonsillitis, per-e-ton-sil-le'tis. Inflammation 
of tissues surrounding the tonsils. P. absce'dens, 
peritonsillitis in which an abscess forms. 
Peritracheitis, per-e-trak-e-e'tis (peri, trachea). In- 
flammation of connective tissue around the trachea. 
Peritrope, per-it'ro-pe. Circulation. PERITTOMA 
Peritto'ma {perissos, over and above). Excre- 
ment. 
Perityphlitic, per-e-tif-lit'ic {peri, tuphlos, blind). 
Relating to inflammation around the caecum, as peri- 
typhlitic abscess. 
Perityphli'tis {peri, typhlitis, inflammation of the 
caecum). Inflammation of the areolar substance sur- 
rounding the caecum and vermiform appendix. See 
Typhlo-enteritis. 
Periurethritis, per-e-u-reth-re'tis. Inflammation 
of connective tissue around the urethra. 
Periuterine, per-e-u'ter-in {peri, uterus). Perihys- 
teric. Situate around the uterus; hence periuterine 
inflammation or periuterine phlegmon, inflammation 
of areolar tissue around the uterus. 
Perivaginitis, per-e-vaj-in-e'tis. Paracolpitis. P. 
phlegmono'sa dis'secans, paracolpitis with suppura- 
tion. 
Perivascular, per-e-vas'ku-lar {peri, vasculum, ves- 
sel). Situate around a vessel, as the perivascular 
canals or grooves, which have been said to surround 
the minute cerebral vessels, having an epithelial 
lining and communicating with the lymphatic sys- 
tem. P. lymphatics, lymphatic vessels or plexuses 
ensheathing blood-vessels. P. sheath, sheath of pia 
mater forming a perivascular canal. 
Perivasculi'tis. Inflammation of perivascular 
sheaths, especially of retinal vessels. P. nodo'sa, in 
this form indurated tubercles exist around the vessels. 
P. specif lea, form due to specific bacteria or their 
products, as in tuberculosis, glanders, or leprosy. 
Perivesical, per-e-ves'ik-al {peri, vesica, bladder). 
Situate around the bladder. 
Perivis'ceral. Surrounding the viscera. 
Perivitelline space. Space between zona pellucida 
and vitellus when the latter shrinks. 
Periwinkle, les'ser. Vinca minor. 
Perizo'ma {peri, zonnumi, to gird). Bandage; gir- 
dle ; a truss. Herpes zoster. Diaphragm. 
Perizostra, per-e-zos'trah {peri, zoster, a belt). 
Bandage for different parts of the body, especially 
the waist. 
Per'kinism. A therapeutical means first employed 
by Dr. Elisha Perkins of Norwich, Connecticut, to- 
ward the termination of the last century, and named 
after him. It consisted in drawing over the affected 
or other parts the pointed extremities of two metallic 
rods, called metallic tractors, each made of a differ- 
ent metal. The success obtained was through the 
influence of the imagination; as a remedial agent 
it ranks as high as animal magnetism, but no higher. 
The operation was also called tractoration. 
Per'kinist. A believer in, and practiser of, Per- 
kinism. 
Perkinis'tic. Relating or belonging to Perkinism. 
Perla. Pearl. Cicatrix on the transparent part 
of the eye. 
Per'manent car'tilage. That which remains, with- 
out ossifying, throughout life. P. teeth, those not 
replaced by others, but replacing milk or temporary 
teeth. 
Perman'ganas. Permanganate. P. potas'sicus, 
potassium permanganate. 
Perman'ganate. Salt formed by combination of 
permanganic acid with a base. P. of potas'sium, see 
Potassium. 
Per'meable. Capable of affording passage to fluids. 
Term also applied to strictures through which an 
instrument can be passed. 
Permis'sus {per, mitto, to pass). Licentiate. 
Permis'tio {per, misceo, to mix). Coition. 
Permix'tio. Coition. 
Permo'tio {per, moveo, to move). Motion. 
Pernicious, per-nish'us {per, neco, to destroy). 
Deleterious. P. anae'mia, progressive, fatal form of 
anaemia. See Anaemia. P. fe'ver, fatal form of ma- 
larial fever with great prostration. 
Per'nio. Chilblain. P. sim'plex, pernio with un- 
broken skin. 
Pernocta'tion {per, nox, night). Insomnia. 
Per'o {peros, deficient). In composition, deficient. 
845 
PERONEO 
Also external layer of olfactory lobe giving rise to 
olfactory nerve. 
Perobrachius, per-o-brak'e-us (pero, brachion, arm). 
Wanting arms or with greatly malformed arms. 
Condition of monstrosity in which the lower extrem- 
ity of one of the upper limbs is either absent or 
badly developed. 
Peroceph'alus (pero, kephale, head). Monster with 
a defective head. 
Perochirus, per-o-ki'rus (pero, cheir, hand). Hav- 
ing a malformed hand. 
Perocormus, per-o-kor'mus (pero, kormos, trunk). 
Malformation in which the trunk is defective, and 
too short, from the absence of one or more vertebrae 
-the head and limbs being normal. 
Perodactyl'eus (pero, daktulos, finger or toe). 
Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perforans. 
Perodactyly, per-o-dak'til-e. Deficient or defective 
fingers. 
Perodynia, per-o-din'e-ah (pera, a sac, stomach, 
odune, pain). Cardialgia. 
Peroma, per-o'mah (peroo, to disable). Paralysis. 
Peromel'ia (pero, melos, limb). Congenital miscon- 
struction or mutilation of the limbs. 
Perom'elus (pero, melos, a limb). Monster having 
deformed limbs, or in which the inferior extremity 
of one limb is absent or badly developed. 
Peronse'us or Perone'us (perone, fibula). Eelating 
to the fibula, as the Peronsei muscles, etc. P. anti'cus, 
P. bre'vis, etc., see Peroneal muscles. 
Peronarthrosis, per-on-ar-thro'sis (pero, arthron, 
joint). Saddle-joint. 
Perone, per'o-na (peiro, to transfix). Fibula. 
Perone'al (perone). Peronseus, Fibular. Belonging 
or relating to the fibula. P. ar'tery, Fibular artery ; 
arises from the popliteal, situate deeply in the poste- 
rior and outer part of the leg It gives off branches 
of little importance; near the outer ankle it divides 
into two branches r posterior peroneal, which de- 
scends behind the lower joint of the fibula, on the 
outer surface of the calcaneum; anterior peroneal, 
which crosses the inferior extremity of the inter- 
osseous ligament, to be distributed on the dorsal sur- 
face of the foot. P. bone, fibula. P. commu'nicat- 
ing nerves, branches from external popliteal joining 
short saphenous. P. groove, on outer and under 
surface of cuboid bone, for tendon of peroneus 
longus. P. mus'cles, three in number: Peronseus 
brevis, situate beneath the peronseus longus; attached 
above to the outer surface of the fibula, and ter- 
minating below at the posterior extremity of the fifth 
metatarsal bone, after having been reflected beneath 
the malleolus externus. It extends the foot upon 
the leg, at the same time raising a little the outer 
edge ; may also act upon the leg and extend it upon 
the foot. 2. Peronseus longus, situate at the outer part 
of the leg. It is long, thick, and triangular above; 
thin, narrow, and flat below; attached above to the 
outer edge of the upper extremity of the fibula and 
to the upper third of the outer surface of that bone ; 
below, it terminates at the outer part of the posterior 
extremity of the first metatarsal bone ; extends the 
foot on the leg, turning its point outward and raising 
its outer edge; it acts also upon the leg, which it 
extends on the foot. 3. Peronseus tertius, situate at 
the anterior, outer, and inferior part of the leg. It is 
long and flat, attached above to the inferior third of 
the anterior margin and inner surface of the fibula, 
terminating below at the posterior extremity of the 
fifth metatarsal bone; bends the foot on the leg by 
raising its outer edge. It can also bend the leg on 
the foot. P. nerve, external popliteal nerve. P. 
ridge or spine, ridge separating grooves for tendons 
of peroneal muscles on outer surface of calcaneum. 
P. veins follow the same course as the artery; they 
discharge into the posterior tibial. 
Peronedactylius, per-o-ne-dak-til'e-us (perone, dak- 
tulos). Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus per- 
forans. 
Perone'o. In combination, denotes relation with 
the fibula. PERONEOCALCANEUS 
Peroneocalca'neus inter'nus. Accessorius ad ac- 
cessorium. 
Peroneosupraphalanget'tian. Extensor digitorum 
pedis longus. 
Peroneosupraphalanginia'nus. Relating to or 
connected with the fibula and upper phalangeal sur- 
faces. 
Peroneotibia'lis. Pronator tibiae. 
Perone'um (perone). Fibula. 
Perone'us. Peronseus. P. accesso'rius, apparently 
a form of peroneus quinti digiti. P. ante'rior or 
anti'cus, or P. bre'vis, see Peroneal muscles. P. 
lon'gus, posti'cus, or pri'mus, or posti'cus lon'gus, 
see Peroneal muscles. P. me'dius or P. posti'cus 
bre'vis, see Peroneal muscles. P. quar'tus, form of 
P. quinti digiti. P. quin'tus or P. dig'iti, muscle 
formed in many mammals, arising from the fibula be- 
tween the peroneus longus and brevis, inserted upon 
proximal phalanx of little toe. In man it appears 
to be represented by a tendinous slip passing from P. 
brevis to extensor tendon of little toe. In about one- 
third of human subjects there appears a more or less 
complete restoration of the muscle. P. secun'dus, 
P. brevis; see Peroneal muscles. P. sex'tus, appar- 
ently a form of P. quinti digiti. P. ter'tius, see 
Peroneal muscles. 
Peronodactylise'us or Peronodactyl'ius (perone, 
daktulos, finger or toe). Flexor longus digitorum 
pedis profundis perforans. 
Peronospora, per-on-os'po-rah. Genus of Fungi; 
mildew is an example. P. Barcino'nae or Ferra'ni, 
supposed by Ferran to be a cholera micro-organism; 
but it is a fungus. 
Pero-olfacto'rius (Wilder). Softer outside portion 
of olfactory bulb, from which olfactory filaments 
arise. 
Per. op. emet. Abbv. for peractfi operatione 
emetica, when the operation of the emetic is fin- 
ished. 
Peropla'sia (pero, plasso, to form). Malformation 
by defect. 
Per'opus (pero, pous, foot). Having deformed feet; 
monstrosity in which the lower extremity of one of 
the lower limbs is either absent or badly deformed. 
Pero'sis (peroo, to maim). Defective formation; 
condition of being malformed or maimed. 
Peros'mic acid. Osmic acid. 
Peroso'mus (pero, soma, body). Monster whose 
whole body is imperfectly developed. 
Perosplanchnica, per-o-splank'nik-ah (pero, splanch- 
non, viscus). Congenital misconstruction of the vis- 
cera. 
Perotis (per-o'tis) latifo'lia. The root of this grass 
is diuretic and slightly astringent. 
Perox'ide. One of a series of oxides containing 
highest quantivalence of oxygen. P. of hy'drogen, 
hydrogen peroxide. P. of i'ron (B. P.), ferric oxyhy- 
drate. P. of man'ganese, manganese dioxide. P. of 
mer'cury, mercuric oxide. 
Perox'idum. Peroxide. 
Peroxyhydrate, per-oks-e-hi'drate. Hydrate of a 
peroxide. 
Perpendicular line of ulna. Ridge on posterior 
surface separating attachment of extensor carpi ulna- 
ris from that of supinator brevis and extensors of 
thumb and index finger. P. plate, central, vertical 
portion of ethmoid, thin lamina of bone in median 
line separating the nasal fossae, ossified separately. 
Perpendicularis, per-pen-dik-u-lar'is. Perpendic- 
ular. P. extre'mus lin'guae, intrinsic muscle of 
tongue; vertical fibres passing downward forming 
curves with concavity outward. 
Perpendic'ulum hep'atis (perpendiculum, plumb- 
line, hepar, liver). Suspensory ligament of the liver. 
Perperacu'tus (extremely acute). An epithet ap- 
plied to very violent and rapid diseases. 
Perplex'! mor'bi (per, plecto, plexum, to inter- 
weave). See Complication. 
Perplica'tion (per, plico, to fold). Method of tying 
arteries, which consists in making a small incision in 
the side of the artery near its bleeding orifice, intro- 
846 
PERSPIRATION 
ducing a small pair of forceps, seizing the open ex- 
tremity, and drawing it backward through the aper- 
ture made in the side of the vessel, so as to form a 
kind of knot. 
Perrosin. See Pinus abies. 
Per'ry. See Cider. 
Per'sea cam'fora. See Camphor. P. cas'sia, Laurus 
cassia. P. cinnamo'mum, Laurus cinnamomum. P. 
cube'ba, Piper cubeba. P. gratis'sima, Laurus persea, 
Palta tree, Avocado or Alligator pear. Slender, very 
high tree of Peru, with a small dome-like top, which 
grows on the eastern declivity of the Andes, and rises 
at times to the height of more than 60 feet. Its fruit 
-(S.) Palta-which is pear-shaped, is generally much 
liked. It dissolves like butter on the tongue. The 
leaves are reckoned balsamic, pectoral, and vul- 
nerary ; seeds are very astringent. P. In'dica, bay 
tree of the East Indies. Bark has stomachic and 
leaves antidysenteric properties. P. pichu'rim, see 
Pichurim beans. P. sas'safras, Laurus sassafras. 
Persecution, ma'nia of. Form of chronic mental 
disorder in which the patient ascribes all his morbid 
sensations to persecution of which he is the supposed 
victim. 
Perseite, per'se-ite. Substance, CeHuOe, derived 
from Persea gratissima. 
Per'sian. Pertaining to or coming from Persia. 
P. bal'sam, compound tincture of benzoin. P. ber'- 
ries, fruit of Rhamnus amygdalina and other species 
of R.; furnishes a yellow dye. P. fire, anthrax. P. in'- 
sect pow'der, powdered flowers of Pyrethrum roseum 
and Pyrethrum carneum; used for killing insects. P. 
man'na, saccharine exudate from Hedysarum alhagi, 
resembling manna; used in India and Persia. P. 
o'pium, obtained from poppy grown in Persia ; vari- 
able in quality, and used only by manufacturing 
chemists in preparation of opium alkaloids. P. 
pelTitory, Pyrethrum roseum; see P. insect powder. 
P. ul'cer, see Ulcers, endemic. 
Per'sica vulga'ris. Amygdalus Persica; peach 
tree, native of China, cultivated in temperate climates. 
Leaves and flowers have been officinal; young 
branches, leaves, flowers, and seed yield, after mace- 
ration in water, a volatile oil identical with oil of 
bitter almonds. 
Persica'ria {persica, peach tree, the blossoms being 
similar). Polygonum Persicaria. P. mi'nor, Poly- 
gonum Persicaria. P. mi'tis, Polygonum Persicaria. 
P. u'rens, Polygonum hydropiper. P., wand'spiked, 
Polygonum Virginianum. P., wa'ter, Polygonum 
amphibium. 
Per'sicus ig'nis. Anthrax. 
Perslm'mon. Dyospyros Virginiana. See also 
Chinese and Japanese persimmon. 
Persist'ent. Continued, permanent; not undergo- 
ing the usual development or change. 
Persola'ta, Persolla'ta, or Persolu'ta. Arctium 
lappa. 
Per'sonal equation. Special reaction time or 
capability of each individual. See Reaction time. P. 
er'ror, time lost-the fraction of a second-in per- 
sonal observation of execution of a voluntary move- 
ment. 
Perspecillum, per-spes-il'lum {per, specio, to be- 
hold). See Spectacles. 
Perspira'bile Sanctoria'num (after Sanctorius). 
Perspiration. 
Perspiration {per, spiro, to breathe, to exhale). 
Insensible transpiration or exhalation is continually 
going on at the surface of the skin and membranes. 
Sensible perspiration is called sweat. The perspiratory 
fluid is secreted by an appropriate glandular appara- 
tus termed sudoriparous glands, sweat-glands, consist- 
ing of a convoluted tube situate beneath the true 
skin, and of spiral ducts which open obliquely under 
the scales of the epidermis. A certain portion of the 
perspired fluid is thrown off by ordinary physical 
exertion. The following estimates have been made 
of the number, size, etc. of sweat-glands in the hu- 
man body: The body of a gland averages 0.17-0.35 
mm. in diameter; in the axilla, 0.75-1.25, up to 3.9. PERSPIRATOR 
The total number of glands is about two millions 
(Krause); their volume about 80 cm. On 1 cm. of 
surface (Moleschott) there are: In the hand (volar 
surface), 373 of these glands; in the foot (plantar sur- 
face), 366; hand (back part), 103 ; neck, 178; fore- 
head, 172; forearm (flexor side), 157; breast and 
abdomen, 155; forearm (extensor side), 149; foot 
(back part), 126; thigh and leg (median side), 79; 
cheeks, 75; nucha and back, 54. Pulmonary exuda- 
tion or transpiration is that which takes place into the 
bronchia and is sent out with the expired air. See 
Diaphoresis, Hidrosis, Sudation, and Sudor. P., dimin'- 
ished or obstructed, see Adiaphoresis, Adiapneustia, 
and Anidrosis. P., insen'sible, see Perspiration. P., 
mor'bid, see Ephidrosis. 
Perspirator, per'spir-a-tor. Respirator. 
Perspiratory, per'spir-a-to-re. Transpiratory. Re- 
lating or belonging to, or the product of, perspiration. 
Perstric'tion (per, stringo, to bind). Operation to 
arrest the flow of blood, as by compression or ligation. 
Persudatio, per-su-dah'she-o (per, sudo, to sweat). 
Diapedesis. Bloody sweating. 
Persul'phate of mer'cury. Mercuric sulphate. 
Persulphuric (per-sulf-u'rik) ac'id. Acid pre- 
pared by adding hydrogen peroxide to diluted sul- 
phuric acid. 
Persulta'tion (persulto, to leap through). Sweating 
of blood. Profuse perspiration. 
Per'tica (pole) per se. Penis. 
Pertroph'ic (per, trophe, nourishment). Relating 
or pertaining to excess of nourishment or nutrition. 
Pertru'sio mu'tua (per, trudo, to thrust). Endos- 
mose. 
Perturbatio, per-tur-bah'she-o. Mental disturb- 
ance. Malaise. Functional loss of equilibrium. P. 
al'vi, diarrhoea. 
Perturbatio'nes (pl. of Perturba'tlo) an'imae (per, 
turbo, to disturb). Affections or disturbed conditions 
of the mind. 
Perturba'trix medicl'na. Perturbating treatment. 
Mode of treatment in which very active means are 
employed, and such as impress upon diseases a differ- 
ent course from that natural to them. It is the an- 
tithesis of Medicina expectans. Much evil has re- 
sulted from such treatment, especially in febrile 
diseases. 
Pertusorium, per-tu-so're-um (pertundo, to pierce). 
Instrument for rupturing membranes of the foetus and 
facilitating discharge of liquor amnii. 
Pertus'sal. Relating or appertaining to pertussis. 
Pertus'sine. A term proposed for the specific zy- 
motic principle by which whooping cough, or per- 
tussis, is propagated. 
Pertus'sis (per, tussis, cough). A violent cough. 
Hooping cough, Whooping cough, Chin cough, Kin cough, 
Kind cough (Ger. Kind, a child). A violent convulsive 
cough, returning by fits at longer or shorter intervals, 
and consisting of several expirations, followed by a 
sonorous inspiration or whoop. Fits of coughing 
generally recur more frequently during the night, 
morning, and evening than in the day. It is esteemed 
to be contagious, and attacks the young more partic- 
ularly. It is rare for it to affect an individual the 
second time. The duration is various-six or eight 
weeks or more. Although the paroxysms are very 
violent, it is not a dangerous disease. It may, how- 
ever, give rise to other affections, as convulsions, 
pneumonia, etc., when the complication is very 
dangerous, as the cause cannot be removed. Those 
children suffer the least who evacuate the contents 
of the stomach during the fit. In the treatment all 
that can be done is to palliate. It must be borne in 
mind that the disease will in time wear itself out. 
After the disease has continued for some weeks, and 
persists in part from habit, change of air is essential. 
Peru'. See Lima. P., bal'sam of, see Balsam of 
Peru. 
Perunc'tio (per, ungo, to anoint). Inunction. 
Peru'vian bal'sam. See Balsam P. bark, cin- 
chona. P. ipecacuan'ha, striated or black ipecacu- 
anha ; root of Psychotria emetica; contains emetine; 
847 
PESSUM 
occasionally appears in commerce as substitute for 
official ipecac. P. wart, verrugo Peruana. 
Peruvin, per-u'vin. Cinnamin alcohol, obtained 
from Peruvian balsam. 
Perver'sion (per, verto, to turn). One of the four 
modifications of function in disease, the three others 
being augmentation, diminution, and abolition. Also 
disorder or morbid change in fluids. 
Pervigilium, per-vij-il'e-um (per, vigilo, to watch). 
Insomnia; coma vigil. 
Pervious, pur've-us. Open; penetrable. 
Pes. Foot. Inferior extremity of the abdominal 
member, representing a bony arch, an elastic vault, 
which transmits the weight of the body to the ground. 
It is divided into three parts-the tarsus, metatarsus, 
and phalanges or toes. P. accesso'rlus, eminence of 
white matter situate between the hippocampus major 
and minor, at the junction of the posterior with the 
descending cornu ammonis. P. Alexandri'nus, Anthe- 
mis pyrethrum. P. anseri'nus, Chenopodium bonus 
Henricus. P. anseri'nus fasc'ise lat'ae, radiating 
bands formed by insertion of sartorius, gracilis, and 
semitendinosus on inner side of the knee. P. a. ma'- 
jor, plexus formed by interlacing of branches of 
facial nerve in substance of parotid gland and on side 
of the face. P. a. mi'nor, infraorbital plexus. P. a. 
ner'vi media'ni, plexusanserinus of the median nerve. 
P. calca'neus, talipes calcaneus. P. ca'ti, Antennaria 
dioica. P. ca'vus, talipes cavus. P. coro'nae radi- 
at'ae, foot of corona radiata. P. equi'nus, talipes 
equinus. P. fabric'itans, elephantiasis cruris. P. 
hippocam'pi ma'jor, cornu ammonis. P. hippo- 
cam'pi mi'nor, hippocampus minor. P. hippopot'- 
ami ma'jor, cornu ammonis. P. hippopot'ami mi'- 
nor, cornu ammonis. P. leo'nis, alchemilla. P. 
olfacto'rius, inner fibrous layer of olfactory lobe. 
P. pedun'culi, crusta. P. plan'us, see Kyllosis. P. 
val'gus, talipes valgus. P. va'rus, talipes varus. 
Pes'sary (pessos, small stone or other substance for 
playing at draughts). Solid instrument, made of 
cork, ivory, or elastic gum, which is introduced into 
the vagina to support the uterus in cases of prolapsus 
of that organ or relaxation of the vagina, to keep 
vaginal hernia reduced, etc. The ancients made use 
of medicated pessaries, which they distinguished into 
emollient, astringent, aperient, etc., and they are still 
used, although generally called vaginal suppositories. 
An anal pessary is sometimes employed for the com- 
pression of hemorrhoids. The form of pessaries is very 
variable-round, oval, etc., according to fancy and cir- 
cumstances. Some of them have an external support 
from a stem, the intra-uterine pessary, for example. 
Some forms of pessary are referred to according to 
their shape, as the ring pessary, the horseshoe pessary, 
etc., and the various modifications of shape are also 
named after their proposers, as Hodge's pessary, etc. 
P., a'nal, see Pessary. P., intra-u'terine, Stem pessary ; 
an instrument for rectifying uterine displacements, 
as anteversion and retroversion, consisting of a stem 
which is introduced into the uterus; this stem is at- 
tached to a flattened ovoid bulb or ball, on which the 
cervix uteri rests. Connected with this is sometimes 
an external part or wire frame, which is attached at 
one extremity to a flat tubular portion passing into the 
vagina, to be fixed to the intra-uterine portion. The 
wire frame is made to press upon the pubis, so that 
the pessary can be kept in position in utero. This is 
essentially the intra-uterine pessary of Professor 
Simpson of Edinburgh. See Uterine elevator. P., 
medicated, see Pessary. P., stem, pessary, intra- 
uterine. 
Pesse'ma or Pessi'ma. Mycosis fungoides. Skin 
disease characterized by hard, brownish-yellow pus- 
tules, surrounded by inflammatory areolae, covering 
the entire body and producing a checker-board ap- 
pearance ; a variety of papilloma. 
Pes'simism (pessimus, worst). Viewing everything 
in the worst light, a common symptom of melancholy 
and hypochondriasis. 
Pes'sulus (dim. of Pessus). Pessary; penis. 
Pes'sum or Pes'sus. Pessary. PEST 
Pest. Plague or endemic contagious disease. 
Pestich'ise or Pesticise, pes-tik'e-e. Petechise. 
Pestif'erous (pestis, pest, fero, to bear). Tending 
to produce pestilence. 
Pest'ilence {pestis, pestilence). Malignant spread- 
ing disease; applied especially to plague. P., chol'- 
eric, spasmodic cholera. P., gland'ular, plague. P., 
hsemagas'tric, yellow fever. P., sep'tic, plague. P. 
weed, Petasites vulgaris; leaves are detergent, flowers 
diaphoretic ; root is vermifuge. 
Pestilen'tia {pestis). Pestilence; plague. P. hse- 
magas'trica, yellow fever. 
Pestilen'tial. Relating or appertaining to a pest 
or plague. Pestilential diseases are those that bear 
some resemblance to the plague in respect to the 
mode of propagation, symptoms, danger, etc. P. 
fe'ver, malignant fever, generally typhus. 
Pes'tilentwort. Tussilago petasites. 
Pestil'itas {pestis). Plague. 
Pest'ine {pestis, plague). Term for the specific zy- 
motic principle by which plague is propagated. 
Pes'tis. Pest. P. acutis'sima, plague. P. adeno- 
sep'tica, plague. P. Amerlcan'a, yellow fever. P. 
Antoninia'na, plague of Antoninus. P. bel'lica, 
typhus. P. bovil'la, rinderpest. P. Britan'nica, sudor 
Anglicus. P. bubona'ria orienta'lis, plague. P. con- 
tagio'sa, plague. P. glandulo'sa, plague. P. gloss- 
an'thrax, glossanthrax. P. inguina'ria, plague. P. 
intertrop'ica, yellow fever. P. marrano'rum, syph- 
ilis. P. ni'gra, black death. P. occidenta'lis, yellow 
fever. P. orienta'lis, plague. P. sep'tica, plague. 
P. variolo'sa, variola. 
Pes'tle (pistillum). See Pilum. P., spring, see 
Pilum. 
Peta'la. Petals. P. rhce'ades, red-poppy petals. 
P. ro'sae, pale rose. P. r. GalTicse, red rose. 
Peta'le. Phtheiriasis. 
Pet'als. Leaves of corolla of flower. 
Petasi'tes {petasos, a sun-hat). Tussilago petasites. 
P. hy'brida, Tussilago petasites. P. ma'jor, Tussilago 
petasites. P. ofiicina'lis, Tussilago petasites. P. ru'- 
bens, Tussilago petasites. P. vulga'ris, Tussilago 
petasites. 
Petaur'um. A seat suspended by ropes, in which 
a person taking exercise sat and was tossed about by 
assistants. 
Petechise, pet-ek'e-e (pl. of Petechia) ([I.] pedechio, 
flea-bite). Small spots, similar in shape and color to 
flea-bites, which occur spontaneously upon the skin in 
the course of severe fevers, etc. They are, under 
such circumstances, signs of great prostration. The 
smallest spots-mere specks or dots-are often termed 
stigmata. P. ex ic'tu pu'licum, purpura pulicosa. P. 
sine feb're, purpura simplex. 
Petechial, pet-e'ke-al. Resembling or accompanied 
by petechise. P. fe'ver, cerebrospinal meningitis; 
typhus fever. P. scur'vy, purpura simplex. 
Petechian'osus {petechia, nosos). Purpura hsemor- 
rhagica. Typhus. Formation of petechise. 
Petersen's bag. Rubber bag to be introduced into 
the rectum and distended during suprapubic lithot- 
omy. 
Petic'ulae. Petechise. 
Peti'go. Impetigo. 
Peti'na {peto, to go). Sole. 
Peti'olus (dim. of Pes, foot). Pediolus. A foot- 
stalk or leaf-stalk of a plant. A petiole. P. epiglot'- 
tidis, the root of the epiglottis. P. glan'dulae pine- 
a'lis, peduncle of pineal gland. P. mal'lei, manu- 
brium mallei. P. tetran'dra, root of this plant is 
employed by the Brazilians as a sudorific. 
Petit, canal of. Godronne canal. Sacculated pas- 
sage encircling lens of the eye, lying within two 
layers of suspensory ligament. 
Petit mal (F.). Mild form of epilepsy. 
Petit's her'nia. Lumbar hernia. P.'s opera'tion, 
herniotomy without opening the sac. 
Petiveria (pet-iv-er'e-ah) allia'cea. Guinea-hen- 
weed. The plant is febrifuge, diaphoretic, and an- 
thelmintic. 
PetrseTeum {petra, rock, elaion, oil). Petroleum. 
848 
PETROPHARYNGEUS 
Petrae'um (petraios, living among rocks). Solidago 
virgaurea. 
Petrap'ium (petro, opium, parsley). Bubon Mace- 
donicum. 
Petrifaction, pet-re-fak'shun (petra, rock, facio, to 
make). Process of changing into stone. Obstetrical 
term denoting the condition of a foetus being con- 
verted into a lithopsedion. Hardening of a tissue by 
deposit of saline material from the blood. 
Petrissage (F.), pet-ris-sazh'. A form of massage 
in which the part is gathered up in the hand and 
firmly pressed and rolled. 
Pe'tro (petros, rock). In composition, rock, and 
the petrous or rocky portion of the temporal bone. 
Petrobas'ilar fis'sure. Narrow irregular space 
at base of skull between petrous portion of temporal 
bone, the basilar process of occipital, and the body 
of the sphenoid, filled during life by basilar fibro- 
cartilage. 
Petrohy'oid mus'cle. Aberrant form of stylo- 
hyoid, arising from petrous portion of temporal bone. 
Petrolar'ium or Petrolari'num. Petrolatum. 
Petrolat'um (Ph. U. S.). Petroleum ointment; 
purified residue after distilling off lighter and more 
volatile portions from American petroleum; yellow- 
ish, fluorescent, amorphous, tasteless, odorless, neutral, 
fat-like mass, melting at 40° to 51° C., insoluble in 
water, soluble in ether, chloroform, carbon bisul- 
phide, oil of turpentine, benzin, benzol, and in fixed 
and volatile oils ; protective; used in pharmacy as a 
substitute for lard. For various purposes of external 
application it is well known under the names Cosmo- 
line and Vaseline. 
Petro'leum (petro, elaion, oil). Rock oil, Earth oil, 
Barbadoes tar. Bituminous substance flowing spon- 
taneously from the earth in various parts of the 
world, and abounding on this continent over a large 
area. It has a fetid odor, bitter, acrid taste ; is semi- 
liquid, tenacious, semitransparent, of a reddish-brown 
color; insoluble in water and alcohol; combines with 
fixed and essential oils and sulphur, and is partially 
soluble in ether. The petroleum found at Gabian, 
near Beziers, in France, has been called Oleum Gabia- 
num, Petroleum rubrum. Petroleum has been given as 
an excitant expectorant and anthelmintic, and mixed 
with tincture of asafcetida in tapeworm; also used 
externally in chilblains, chronic rheumatism, affec- 
tions of the joints and skin, and paralysis, and is a 
disinfectant and parasiticide. New York petroleum, 
called Seneca oil, is used externally in similar cases. 
P. Barbaden'se, petroleum. P. ben'zin, benzin. P., 
crude, limpid, iridescent, yellowish or reddish liquid, 
of peculiar bituminous odor, sp. gr. 0.75 to 0.85; 
soluble in fixed and volatile oils, ether, and absolute 
alcohol. Native petroleum partially purified by frac- 
tional distillation. P. e'ther, benzin. P. oint'ment, 
petroleum. P. spirit (Ph. U. S.), benzin. P. sulphura'- 
tum (composed of petrol. Barbad., ,5xvj ; flor, sulph., 
has been used as a pectoral, and as a detergent 
to ulcers. It has been accounted antispasmodic and 
sudorific; dose, gtt. x to xxx; externally it is used as 
a stimulant and discutient. 
Pet'rolin. Commercial name given to a combina- 
tion of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. 
Petromas'toid canal'. Short passage from back 
part of tympanum to mastoid antrum. P. fora'men, 
tympanic orifice of petromastoid canal. P. por'tion, 
united petrous and mastoid portions of temporal bone 
considered as an ossific integer. 
Pe'tro-occip'ital. Belonging to the petrous por- 
tion of the temporal bone and to the occipital 
bone. P.-o. si'nus, infe'rior, vein running on ex- 
ternal surface of base of skull between middle 
lacerate and jugular foramina. P.-o. si'nus, supe'- 
rior, inferior petrosal sinus. P.-o. su'ture, formed by 
the junction of the petrous portion of the temporal 
with the occipital bone; a deep groove separating 
the bones, which have between them a thin layer of 
cartilage. 
Petropharyngeus, pe-tro-far-in-ja'us. Small muscle 
occasionally found arising from the under surface of PETROSAL 
the petrous bone and. inserted into the pharynx with 
stylopharyngeus. 
Petro'sal. Petrous; relating to petrous portion of 
temporal bone. P. bone, petrous bone. P. crest, 
lower edge of vaginal process of temporal bone. P. 
gan'glion, petrous ganglion. P. nerves, small nerves 
passing through foramina in the petrous portion. The 
great superficial p. n. arises from geniculate ganglion, 
passes out through hiatus Fallopii, joins great deep p. 
n., which arises from filaments of the carotid plexus; 
the two united constitute the Vidian. Small superficial 
p. n. and small deep p. n., branches from tympanic 
plexus, first to the otic ganglion through the canal- 
iculus tympanicus, later along tensor tympani to 
carotid plexus; external superficial p. n., inconstant 
filament uniting the geniculate ganglion with the 
sympathetic plexus on the middle meningeal artery. 
P. si'nuses, venous channels of dura mater in rela- 
tion with petrous portion; superior, running along its 
upper border from the cavernous to the lateral sinus; 
inferior, along the lower border of the bulb of the in- 
ternal jugular vein. External p. s. is an emissary of 
the carotid canal. 
Petrosalpingopharyngeus, pet-ro-sal-pin-go-far-in- 
ja'us. Fleshy fasciculus which extends from the 
sphenoid bone, from the petrous portion of the tem- 
poral bone, and from the Eustachian tube to the upper 
part of the pharynx. See Constrictor. 
Petrosalpingostaphylinus, pet-ro-sal-pin-go-staf-il- 
e'nus. Circumflexus; levator palati. 
Petrosellnites, pet-ro-sel-in-e'tees. Wine made from 
parsley. 
Petroseli'num (petro, selinon, parsley). Apium 
petroselinum. P. Macedon'icum, Bubon Macedon- 
icum. P. sati'vum, fruit and root are official; see 
Parsley. 
Petrosphe'noid. Belonging to the petrous portion 
of the temporal bone and to the sphenoid bone. P. 
lig'ament, ante'rior, connective tissue and fibro-car- 
tilage filling up the middle lacerate foramen at the 
base of the skull. P. 1., posterior, band stretching 
from apex of petrous portion of temporal bone to 
posterior clinoid process over the sixth nerve. P. 
su'ture, small suture formed by the anterior edge 
of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the 
posterior edge of the sphenoid. 
Petrosphenoi'dal. Petrosphenoid. 
Petrosquamo'sal fis'sure or su'ture. Seam which 
at birth separates the squamous and petrous portions 
of the temporal bone; traces of it are usually visible 
in the adult skull, limiting the anterior surface of 
the petrous portion within the cranium. 
Petrosqua'mous si'nus. Venous passage of dura 
mater sometimes found at junction of petrous and 
squamous portions of the temporal bone, discharging 
into lateral sinus. 
Petrostaphyli'nus. Levator palati. 
Petro'sum, os. Petrous portion of the temporal 
bone. 
Pe'trous. Petrosus, Petrosal. Resembling stone; 
having the hardness of stone; relating or belonging 
to the petrous portion of the temporal bone. P. bone, 
petrous portion of temporal bone. P. gan'glion, 
Petrosal ganglion, Ganglion of Andersch, formed by the 
glossopharyngeal nerve shortly after it emerges from 
the jugular fossa. From this ganglion M. Jacobson, 
of Copenhagen, traced an anastomosing loop through 
the cavity of the tympanum, which left branches 
there, and was thence reflected downward to join 
the Vidian nerve. See Otic ganglion. This has been 
called the nerve of Jacobson, tympanic branch of the 
glossopharyngeal; and the inosculation, Jacobson's an- 
astomosis. P. por'tion of tem'poral bone, see Tem- 
poral bone. P. pro'cess, see Temporal bone. P. si'- 
nuses, Petrosal sinuses, two venous sinuses of the 
dura mater connected with the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone. The superior petrosal sinus arises 
from the cavernous sinus; follows the upper edge of 
the petrous portion, which affords it a gutter; passes 
into the great circumference of the tentorium cere- 
belli; and opens into the lateral sinus, where the lat- 
849 
PHACENTOCELE 
ter experiences a bend near the base of the pars 
petrosa; it is triangular. The inferior petrosal 
sinus arises from the cavernous sinus at the same 
point as the last, with which it communicates at the 
moment of its origin; descends between the inferior 
edge of the pars petrosa and the basilary process; 
and terminates in the lateral sinus at the sinus or 
gulf of the internal jugular vein. It is triangular, 
and broader at its extremities than at the middle. 
Pet'tenkoffer's test. Test for the presence of bile- 
acids, as in the urine, by dropping any solution con- 
taining bile into a mixture of sulphuric acid and 
sugar, a purplish-crimson color being produced. 
Pet'tymorrel. Aralia racemosa. 
Pe'tum or Pe'tun. Nicotiana tabacum. 
Peuce, pu'se. Pinus sylvestris. 
Peucea (pu'se-ah) balsame'a. See Pinus abies. 
Peucedanine, pu-sed'an-een. Crystallizable sub? 
stance (C12H12O3) obtained from root of Peucedanum 
ostruthium and Peucedanum officinale. 
Peuced/anum (peuke, pine tree, its leaves resembling 
those of the pine). Hog's fennel, Sulphurwort. Ord.Um- 
belliferae. The root has a strong fetid smell, some- 
what resembling that of sulphureous solutions, and 
an acrid, unctuous, bitterish taste. It has been recom- 
mended as antihysteric and nervine. P. Alsat'icum, 
peucedanum. P. altis'simum, peucedanum. P. 
Austri'acum, see P. palustre. P. grave'olens, dill- 
seed ; see Anethum graveolens. P. officina'le, peuced- 
anum. P. oreoseli'num, Athamanta aureoselinum. 
P. ostruth'ium, Imperatoria ostruthium. P. palus'- 
tre, Marsh selinum, a European plant, has been recom- 
mended as an antiepileptic. In Courland it has been 
a famous remedy in epilepsy. Peucedanum Austria- 
cum is possessed of the same virtues. P. panicula'- 
tum, peucedanum. P. praten'se, P. silaiis. P. sa- 
ti'vum, Pastinaca sativa. P. sil'atis, English or 
Meadow saxifrage; roots, leaves, and seeds were once 
recommended as aperients, diuretics, and carmina- 
tives. P. terra'tum, peucedanum. 
Peu'mus. Ord. Monimiaceae. P. bol'dus, Chilian 
evergreen shrub; leaves are called boldo; reputed to 
be of value in genito-urinary inflammations, and em- 
ployed in France in inflammation of the liver. The 
bark is used for tanning, and the wood for charcoal- 
making. P. fra'grans, P. boldus. 
Pex'is. Concretion. 
Pey'eri glan'dulse. Peyer's glands or patches, Ag- 
minated or Aggregate glands. Small glands situated 
beneath the villous coat of the intestines (called after 
Peyer, who well described them). They are clustered 
together, having a honeycomb appearance, and are 
extremely numerous. They occur mostly in the lower 
portion of the ileum, and resemble, in their mor- 
phology and functions, the lymphatic ganglions. 
When scattered singly, they are called glandules soli- 
taries. They are evidently concerned in the great 
functions of lymphosis and hsematosis. 
Pe'za. Foot. According to some, the sole of the 
foot; and to others, the astragalus, the ankle. 
Pezi'za (or Peze'za) acetab'ulum. Species growing 
in France, which is edible and reputed to be purgative. 
P. auric'ula, Jew's ear, ord. Fungi. This fungus is said 
to be astringent, but has chiefly been used in decoc- 
tion or infusion as a gargle in relaxed sore throat. 
Pfliiger's (pflig'er's) gas-pump. Mercurial pump 
used to extract gases from the blood and to collect 
them for chemical analysis. P.'s sacs, tubular passages 
observed in the ovary in very early fcetal development. 
P.'s sal'ivary tubes, intralobular ducts of the salivary 
glands. P.'s tubes or tu'bules, ovarian tubes. 
Pha'ce (phake, a grain of the lentil; a lens). 
Chloasma; lens; crystalline lens; and a flask for the 
application of heat, so called owing to its flattened, 
lens-like shape. 
Phacecphloglscon, fas-ek-flo-jis'kon. Varicella 
lentiformis. 
Phacellus (fas-el'lus) or Phace'lus. Fasciculus. 
Phacentocele, fas-en-to-se'le (Eng. fas-en'to-seel) 
(phace, entos, within, kele, swelling). Dislocation of 
the lens into the anterior chamber. PHACHYM ENITIS 
Phachymenitis, fak-him-en-e'tis. Inflammation of 
the capsule of the crystalline. 
Pha'ci or Pha'cia. Ephelides. 
Phacicus, fas'ik-us {phake). Lens-shaped, lentic- 
ular. 
Phacitis, fas-e'tis {phake, lens, itis). Inflammation 
of the crystalline lens. 
Phacium, fas'e-um. A drink or poultice of len- 
tils. 
Phacocatapiesls, fak-o-kat-ap-e-a'sis {phace, katapi- 
esis, downward pressure). Depression of the lens. 
Phaco'copis {phace, kopis, knife). Lens-shaped 
knife. 
Phacocyste, fak-o-sis'te {phace, kustis, cyst or blad- 
der). Capsule of the lens. See Crystalline. 
Phacocystectom/ia {phacocyste, ektome, cutting 
out). Operation for cataract, which consists in cut- 
ting out a part of the capsule of the lens. 
Phacocysti'tis {phacocyste, capsule of the lens, itis). 
Inflammation of the capsule of the lens. 
Phaco'des {phace, odes). Lens-shaped. 
Phacohydropsia, fak-o-hid-rop'se-ah {phace, hudrops, 
dropsy). Dropsy of capsule of lens. 
Phacohymenitis, fak-o-him-en-e'tis {phace, humen, 
membrane, itis). Inflammation of the capsule of the 
crystalline. 
Pha'coid {phace, eidos, resemblance). Resembling 
a lens. See Crystalline. 
Phacoidei'tis {phacoid, itis). Inflammation of the 
crystalline lens. 
Phacoid'oscope {phace, skopeo, to view). Modifica- 
tion of what was formerly called the ophthalmoscope, 
for the observation and measurement of reflected 
images. 
Phacomalacia, fak-o-mal-ah'se-ah {phace, malakos, 
soft). Soft cataract. 
Phacometachoresis (fak-o-met-ak-o-ra'sis) or Pha- 
cometcece'sis {phace, metachoreo, to change place). 
Dislocation of the. crystalline. 
Phacometer, fak-om'et-ur {phace, metrori). Instru- 
ment for determining the refractive power of lenses. 
Phacopalingen'esis {phace, palin, again, genesis, 
generation). Regeneration of the crystalline. 
Phac'opis {phace, kopis, knife). Lens-shaped knife. 
Phacoplane'sis {phace, planesis, wandering). Mo- 
bility of the lens. 
Phacoplas'ma {phace, plasso, to mould). Linseed- 
meal poultice. 
Phacoptis'ana {phace, ptisane, drink). A drink 
of lentils; a poultice of lentils. 
Phacopyosis, fak-o-pe-o'sis {phace, puosis, suppura- 
tion). Name given formerly to suppuration imagined 
to occur in crystalline lens. 
Pha'cos. Ervum lens. 
Phacosclero'ma or Phacosclero'sis {phace, skleros, 
hard, oma). Induration of the crystalline. 
Phacosclerosis, fak-o-skler-o'sis {phace, skleroo, to 
harden). Hardening of crystalline lens. 
Phacoscope, fak'o-skope {phace, skopeo, to see). 
Instrument for measuring the crystalline lens during 
accommodation. 
Phacoscotasmus, fak-o-sko-taz'mus. Condition in 
which the crystalline lens is obscured. 
Phacoscoto'ma {phace, skotoma, darkness). Opacity 
of crystalline lens. 
Phacoscotome, fak-os'ko-tome {phace, skotoma, dark- 
ness). Opacity of crystalline lens. 
Phaco'sis {phace). Production of freckles. 
Phaco'tus {phakotos, lens-shaped). Lenticular; 
having chloasma or freckles. 
Pha'cus. Ervum lens. 
Phacydropsia (fak-e-drop'se-ah) or Phac'ydrops 
{phace, hudrops, dropsy). Fluid cataract. 
Phacymeni'tis. Inflammation of the capsule of the 
crystalline lens. 
Phsenicis'mus. Rubeola. 
Phsenomenogenia, fen-om-en-o-jen'e-ah. Genesis 
of phenomena occurring in disease. 
Phsenomenolo'gia {logos, description). Description 
of phenomena; symptomatology; semeiology. 
Phsenorn'enon {phaino, to manifest). Phenomenon. 
850 
' PHALANGEAL 
Phsenomenoscop'ia (phenomenon, skopeo, to exam- 
ine). See Symptomatology. 
Phaenophthalmotropia, fe - nof- thal - mo-tro' pe-ah 
(phaino, to manifest, ophthalmos, trepo, to turn). 
Apparatus designed by Bonders to illustrate the 
movements of the eye by movable globe, rings, and 
axes. 
Phaenozygous, fe-noz'ig-us. Term applied to skulls 
having zygomatic arches visible when viewed directly 
from above. 
Phseochlorophyll, fe-o-klo'ro-fil. Coloring matter 
obtained from chlorophyll. 
Phaeomyelitis, fe-o-me-el-e'tis (phaios, gray, muelos, 
marrow). Inflammation, acute in character, of gray 
matter of spinal cord. 
Phaeore'tin. Brown resinous matter contained in 
rhubarb, but not of therapeutic value. 
Phagaena, faj-e'nah (phago, to eat). Boulimia. 
Phagedaena, faj-e-de'nah (phagedaina, ravenous 
hunger). Boulimia. Phagedenic ulcer. P.gangrae- 
no'sa, hospital gangrene. P. nosocomia'lis, hospital 
gangrene. P. pu'tris, see Phagedenic ulcer and Hos- 
pital gangrene. 
Phageden'ic. Phagedenous, Rodent. That which rap- 
idly eats away; gangrenous. P. chan'cre, destruc- 
tive form of primary syphilitic sore. A virulent va- 
riety has been long known in London hospitals under 
the name " Swan-alley sore," from the miserable lo- 
cality inhabited by prostitutes in which it formerly 
prevailed. P. slough'ing of the mouth, cancer 
aquaticus. P. ul'cer, Phagedenic sore, Nome, Phage- 
dena, one which rapidly eats and corrodes the neigh- 
boring parts. Where the slough extends deeper than 
the surface, the term Sloughing phagedena is applied 
to it. The morbid condition which gives occasion to 
this destruction of parts is called Phagedenism. A 
Phagedenic in the materia medica is a substance used 
for destroying fungous granulations in ulcers, etc. 
Phagedenism, faj'e-den-izm. See Phagedenic ulcer. 
Phagede'nous. Phagedenic. 
Phagocytes, fag'o-sites (phago, to eat, kutos, hol- 
low). Leucocytes which destroy bacteria by enclos- 
ing and absorbing them. 
Phagocytoblast, fag-o-si'to-blast. Mesoderm. 
Phagocyto'sis. Condition in which phagocytes 
have an existence. Destruction of bacteria by phago- 
cytes. Development of phagocytes. 
Phagomania, fag-o-man'e-ah (phago, to eat, mania, 
insanity). Paroxysmal craving for food, leading to 
theft. 
Phakitis, fak-e'tis. Phacitis. 
Phakohydrops'ia. Dropsy of capsule of lens. 
Phakohymeni'tis. Inflammation of the capsule of 
the lens. 
Phakom'eter (phake, lens, metron, measure). In- 
strument for determining the power of lenses. 
Phakosclerema, fak-o-skler-a'mah (phace, skleros, 
hard). Induration of the crystalline lens. Hard 
cataract. 
Phakosclero'sis. Induration of the crystalline 
lens. Hard cataract. 
Phakoscope, fak'o-skope (phace, skopeo, to observe). 
Instrument for observing changes in form of the lens 
during accommodation by doubling the reflected im- 
age with prisms. 
Pha'lacra, Phalacro'ma, or Phalacro'sis. Calvi- 
ties; baldness. 
Phalac'rotes. Alopecia. 
Phalae'na pinguinaTis (phalaina, moth). See 
Ectozoa. 
Phalangagra, fal-an'gag-rah (phalanx, agra, seizure). 
Phalangarthritis. 
Phalan'gal (phalanx). Phalangial, Phalangian. Hav- 
ing relation to a phalanx. 
Phalangarthritis, fal-an-gar-thre'tis (phalanx, ar- 
thron, joint, itis). Phalangagra. Gout in the fingers. 
Inflammation of the joints of the fingers or toes. 
Phalange, fal-an'je. Phalanx. 
Phalangeal, fal-an'ge-al. Like or relating to a 
phalanx. P. pro'cess, process of head-plate of outer 
rod of Corti, which joins with outer hair-cells; slen- PHALANGES 
der prolongation of cells of Deiters of organ of Corti, 
attached above to phalanges of reticular lamina. 
Phalan'ges (pl. of Phalanx). Bones of fingers and 
toes, fourteen in each member, arranged in three 
rows: proximal or basilar p., middle p., and distal or 
ungual p. Chaussier used the term only for the prox- 
imal p. P. basila'res, basilar p. P. of Deiters, see 
Deiters, phalanges of. P. of the ear, minute fibres in 
the organ of Corti. P., me'dial, second row of pha- 
langes. P. unguicula'res, ungual phalanges. 
Phalan'gial, Phalan'gian, or Phalangia'nus. 
Phalangal. 
Phalangitis, fal-an-je'tis. Inflammation of a pha- 
lanx. 
Phalan'gium esculen'tum {phalangion, venomous 
spider, whose poison it was supposed to neutralize). 
Scilla esculenta. 
Phalango'sis {phalanx, row of soldiers, osis). An 
affection of the eyelids in which the lashes are ar- 
ranged in two or three rows. See Trichiasis. Also 
dropping of the upper eyelid, from paralysis of the 
levator palpebrae superioris muscle. 
Pha'lanx {phalanx, row of soldiers). A name 
which has been given to the small bones which 
form the fingers and toes, because placed alongside 
each other like a phalanx. They are the phalanges 
of the fingers and the phalanges of the toes. I. Pha- 
langes of the fingers, in each hand fourteen-three to 
each finger, and two to the thumb; situate one 
above the other. They are distinguished numeri- 
cally, reckoning from the base toward the tip of the 
finger. 1. The first or metacarpal; 2. The second or 
middle phalanges; 3. The third phalanges, which 
terminate each finger and support the nail. II. 
Phalanges of the toes, the same in number as those of 
the fingers, but much smaller and of a very different 
shape. The phalanges of a finger or toe are united 
with each other, and the first with the metacarpal or 
metatarsal bone. They are developed from two points 
of ossification, one for the superior extremity and the 
other for the body and inferior extremity. 
Phal'aris Canarien'sis {phalaros, brilliant, white, 
shining, in application to the seed). P. ovata. Culti- 
vated Canary grass, ord. Gramineae. Seed of this 
grass, Canary seed, afford a nourishing meal. The 
ancients recommended them for allaying pains in 
the kidney and bladder. P. zizanoi'des, Andropo- 
gon muricatus. 
Phallal'gia {phallo, algos, pain). Pain in the male 
organ. 
Phallanastrophe, fal-lan-as'tro-fe {phallo, anastro- 
phe, turning back). Distortion of the male organ 
backward. 
Phallancylosis, fal-lan-kil-o'sis {phallo, ankulosis, 
bending). Chordee. 
Phallaneurism, fal-lan'u-rizm. Aneurism of the 
penis. 
Phal'lic {phallos, penis). Pertaining to the penis. 
Phalli'tis {phallo, itis). Inflammation of the male 
organ. 
Phal'lo {phallos, male organ). In composition, the 
male organ. 
Phalloblennorrhcea, fal-lo-blen-nor-rhe'ah. Gleet. 
Phallocamp'sis {phallo, kampsis, bending). 
Chordee. 
Phallocarcinoma, fal-lo-kar-sin-o'mah {phallo, Icar- 
kinoma, cancer). Carcinoma or cancer of the penis. 
Phallocrypsis, fal-lo-krip'sis {phallo, krnpto, to 
cover). Retraction of the penis; abnormal smallness 
of the penis. 
Phallo dyn'ia {phallo, odune, pain). Phallalgia. 
Phal'loid {phallo, eidos, resemblance). Resembling 
the penis. 
Phalloideae (fal-lo-id'e-e) or Phalloid'ei {phallos, 
penis, eidos, resemblance). Division of Fungi, the 
most important of which, medically, is phallus; see 
Phallus. 
Phalloncus, fal-lon'kus {phallo, onkos, swelling). 
Tumefaction or tumor of the male organ. 
Phalloplasty, fal'lo-plas-te {phallo, plasso, to form). 
Plastic surgery of the penis. 
851 
PHARMACIC 
Phallopsoph'ia {phallo, psophos, noise). Discharge 
of wind from the male urethra. 
Phallorrhag'ia {phallos, rhegnumi, to break forth). 
Hemorrhage from the male urethra. 
Phallorrhoe'a {phallos, rheo, to flow). Gonorrhcea 
in the male. 
Phallorrhoischesis, fal-lor-rho-is-kes'is {phallos, 
rheo, to discharge, ischo to withhold). Sudden arrest 
of a gonorrhoeal discharge. 
PhalTus. Penis; dildoo. P. esculen'tus, Mor- 
chella esculenta. P. impudi'cus, the thick, gluti- 
nous liquid in the sporules of this fungus, which grows 
largely in the Ukraine, is applied popularly to painful 
limbs. Infusion of the powdered plant is given in 
arthritic affections. 
Phanakis'toscope. See Zoetrope. 
Phanerobiotic, fan-er-o-be-ot'ik {phaneros, visible, 
bios, life). Having some clear evidence of life or 
existence. 
Phanerog'amous {phaneros, evident, gamos, mar- 
riage), Phanerogam'ic. Epithet used by botanists for 
plants whose sexual organs are apparent. It is, 
consequently, the opposite to cryptogamous. 
Phanerogenous (fan-er-oj'en-us) tis'sue {phaneros, 
visible, gennao, to beget). Phanerophorous tissue. 
Special substance forming the pulp of the tooth 
(Robin). 
Phaneroph'orous tis'sue (phaneros, visible, phoreo, 
to bear). Phanerogenous tissue. 
Phanerozoous, fan-er-o-zo'us {phaneros, visible, 
zoon, animal). Giving manifestations of life. 
Phanta'sia {phaino, to bring to light, to make ap- 
pear). Delirium. Imagination. 
Phantasm, fan'tazm. A phantom, false appearance, 
apparition, hallucination. Derangement of the sense 
of sight or of the intellectual faculties, causing ob- 
jects to be perceived which are not before the eyes. 
Phantas'ma. Phantasm. Pseudoblepsia. 
Phantasmat'icus {phantasma). Phantasticus. 
Phantasmatoscop'ia {phantasma, slcopeo, to view). 
Aberration of the sense of sight, which transmits the 
image of imaginary objects. 
Phantasmophrenosis, fan-taz-mo-fren-o'sis {phan- 
tasma, phren, mind). Condition of dreaming in a 
waking state. 
Phantasmos'copy. Phantasmatoscopia. 
Phantas'ticus. Inebriant. Creating phantoms. 
Phan'tom {phaino, to cause to appear). Fantom; 
apparition ; manikin. P. stricture, imaginary stric- 
ture of the urethra or rectum, based on supposed 
symptoms. P. tu'mor, tumor that forms, in the abdo- 
men for example, simulating organic disease, and 
sometimes very deceptive. 
Phanto'ma. Phantasm. P. obstetric'ium, fantom. 
Pharbet'isin. Resin of kaladana (P. Ind.). 
Pharbltine, far'bit-een. Pharbetisip. 
Pharbit'is nil. See Kaladana. P. sem'ina, kala- 
dana. 
Pharcidous, far-sid'us. Wrinkled. 
Pharicum, far'ik-um. Ancient poison of vegeta- 
ble origin. 
Pharm'acal. Relating to pharmacy. 
Pharmaceial, far-ma-se'al. Pharmacy. Poisoning. 
Pharmaceum, far-ma-se'um. Drug-store or apothe- 
cary shop. 
Pharmaceuma, far-ma-su'mah. Medicament. 
Pharmaceus far-mas'e-us. Apothecary. Also poi- 
soner or sorcerer. 
Pharmaceu'ta. Apothecary. 
Pharmaceutic (far-ma-su'tik) or Pharmaceutical. 
Epithet for everything belonging to pharmacy. Thus, 
we say pharmaceutical preparations, etc. P. chem'- 
istry, chemistry relating to medicinal substances 
and compounds. 
Pharmaceu'tice. Pharmacy. 
Pharmaceutics, far-ma-su'tiks. Pharmacy. 
Pharmaceutist, far-ma-su'tist. Apothecary. 
Pharmaceu'tria. A woman who prepares or deals 
in drugs or poisons. 
Pharma'cia. Pharmacy; poisoning. 
Pharmacic, fahr'mas-ik. Pharmaceutic, poisonous, PHARMACION 
Pharmacion, far-mah'se-on. Purgative; mild 
remedy. 
Phar'macist. Apothecary; one skilled in pharmacy. 
Pharmacites, fahr-ma-se'tees. Medicated ; drugged. 
Phar'maco (pharmakon, a medicine, a poison). In 
composition, generally medicine, at times poison. 
Pharmacocatagraphology, far-ma-ko-kat-a-graf-ol'- 
o-je (pharmaco, kata, beneath, graphe, a writing, logos, 
a description). Art of writing prescriptions. 
Pharmacochymia, far-mah-ko-kim-e'ah (pharmaco, 
chymia). Pharmaceutical chemistry. 
Pharmacocollocyst, fahr-ma-ko-kol'o-sist (pharma- 
kon, drug, kolla, glue, kustis, cyst). Capsule made of 
gelatin for administering medicine. 
Pharmacodynam'ic. Eelating to pharmacodynam- 
ics. 
Pharmacodynamics, far-ma-ko-di-nam'iks (phar- 
maco, dunamis, power). Dynamical materia medica. 
Division of pharmacology considering the effects and 
uses of medicines. 
Pharmacodynamolog'ia (same etymon, and logos, 
discourse). Pharmacodynamics. 
Pharmacogno'sia (pharmaco, gnosis, knowledge). 
Division of pharmacology treating of simples or un- 
prepared medicines. It is variously called pharma- 
cognosis, pharmacognostics, pharmacography, and 
pharmacology. 
Pharmaco-koniantron, far'mah-ko-kon-e-an'tron 
(pharmakon, konia, powder, antron, opening). Instru- 
ment for introducing liquids in spray form into the 
Eustachian tube and cavity of the tympanum. 
Pharmacol'ogy (pharmacon, logos, discourse). Ma- 
teria medica. Division of materia medica treating 
of the action of drugs upon the living body. 
Pharmacoma'nia (pharmaco, mania'). Mania for 
prescribing or for taking or giving medicine or for 
drugging. 
Pharmacometry, far-ma-kom'et-re (pharmacon, 
metron, measure). Art relating to measuring and 
weighing of drugs. 
Pharmacomor'phic. Pertaining to form or appear- 
ance of drugs. 
Phar'macon. Medicament; poison. 
Pharmacopoeia (pharmaco, poieo, to make). Phar- 
macopoea. A work containing a collection of formulae 
for the preparation, etc. of medicines, generally pub- 
lished by official authority. Formerly a chemical 
laboratory. 
Pharmacopoeial, far-ma-ko-pe'al. Pertaining to, or 
contained in, a pharmacopoeia. 
Pharmacopoe'us. Apothecary, druggist. 
Pharmacopo'la (pharmaco, poieo, to sell). Pharma- 
copole. Apothecary; druggist. 
Pharmacopolist, far-ma-kop'o-list (pharmakon, 
drug, poles, seller). Apothecary. 
Pharmacopo'lium. Drug-store; apothecary shop. 
Pharmacopoeia (pharmaco, posis, potion). A liquid 
medicine, especially one that is cathartic. 
Pharmaco'sa medicamen'ta (pharmacon). Medi- 
cines that contain poisonous substances. 
Pharmacothe'ca (pharmaco, theke, sheath). A case 
for medicines. A medicine-chest. 
Pharmacotherapeutic, far-ma-ko-ther-ah-pu'tik. 
Eelating to therapeutics in connection with phar- 
macy. 
Pharmacotherapi'a (pharmaco, therapeia, treat- 
ment). Cure of diseases by medicine. 
Pharmac'ter. Apothecary. 
Phar'macum. Medicament; poison. P. lEgypti'a- 
cum, jEgyptiacum. P. amator'ium, philter. P. ad 
aur'es, medicine composed of bitter almonds, white 
pepper, saffron, myrrh, opium, frankincense, castor, 
verjuice, sulphate of iron, vinegar, pomegranate-bark, 
unguentum nardinum, etc., believed to be useful for 
cleansing fetid ulcers in the ears. 
Pharmacurgicus, far-mah-kur'jik-us (pharmaco, 
ergon, work). Apothecary. 
Pharmacur'gus. Apothecary. 
Phar'macy (pharmacon). Art which teaches the 
knowledge, choice, preservation, preparation, and 
Combination of medicines. It was formerly divided 
852 
PHARYNGECTOMY 
into Galenical and Chymicdl. The former, called after 
Galen, embraced the operations to which medicines 
were subjected without chemistry; the latter, Chymi- 
cal pharmacy or Pharmaceutic chymistry, Pharmacochy- 
mia, comprised the preparation of medicines founded 
on chemical action of their principles. Pharmacy is 
also used in the sense of apothecary shop or drug- 
store. 
Pharmax'is. Pharmacotherapia; pharmacy. 
Pharmianum, far-me-an'um. Preparation resem- 
bling a cataplasm. 
Pharna'ceum linea're (called after Pharnaces, 
king of Pontus). A South African plant, ord. Paro- 
nychiacese, employed at the Cape in pulmonary affec- 
tions, generally in infusion. P. Malabar'icum, plant 
of Malabar, employed as an antiemetic and to pre- 
vent purging; juice is slightly diuretic. P. spathu- 
la'tum, South American and West Indian plant; ex- 
ternally applied, it possesses emollient and discutient 
properties; given internally in phthisis and menor- 
rhagia. 
Pha'rus, Phary'athron, or Pharyg'ethrum. Phar- 
ynx. P. sappula'ceus, plant of Guiana, used by the 
natives for making a pectoral; seeds are eaten as 
gruel. 
Pharyngae'a ascen'dens. Inferior ascending phar- 
yngeal artery. 
Pharyngae'um (sal) (pharynx). Compound of cream 
of tartar, potassium nitrate, burnt alum, and distilled 
vinegar ; formerly employed, united with honey and 
plantain-water, to make gargles, which were advised 
in quinsy. 
Pharyngal'gia (pharyngo, algos, pain). Pain in the 
pharynx. 
Pharyngea, far-in-je'ah. Pharyngeal artery. 
Pharyngeal, far-in-je'al (pharynx). Faucial. Re- 
lating to the pharynx or fauces. Name given to the 
muscles, vessels, and nerves connected with the phar- 
ynx. P. aponeuro'sis, fibrous tissue forming walls 
of the pharynx; strong above, where attached to 
base of skull; weak below', where covered with mus- 
cles. P. ar'teries are two in number. The superior 
or pterygo-palatine arises from the internal maxillary 
at the base of the zygomatic fossa, passes through the 
pterygo-palatine canal, and proceeds to be distributed 
to the pharynx and the corresponding part of the 
Eustachian tube. The inferior or ascending pharyn- 
geal artery arises from the external carotid on a level 
with the facial, ascends along the lateral and poste- 
rior part of the pharynx, and divides into two 
branches: the one-the pharyngeal, properly so 
called-distributed to the pharynx; the other- 
the meningeal-gives its branches particularly to 
the dura mater. P. bur'sa, pouch in mucous mem- 
brane of back part of pharynx. P. cav'ity, that 
part of the alimentary canal and respiratory passages 
extending from the mouth and nasal cavities above 
to the oesophagus and larynx below. P. gan'glion, 
minute sympathetic ganglion on the ascending phar- 
yngeal artery near its origin ; see Pharyngeal plexus. 
P. glands, numerous mucous glands which are found 
especially in the posterior wall of the pharynx. P. 
nerves, branches from the trifacial, glossopharyngeal, 
and pneumogastric; name especially applied to the 
branch passing through Meckel's ganglion backward 
through the pterygopalatine canal to the mucous 
membrane of the pharynx. P. plex'us, formed by 
pharyngeal branches of the pneumogastrics, with 
contributions from the glossopharyngeal and sympa- 
thetic; contains small ganglia; a rich network of 
veins covering the outer surface of the pharynx. P. 
spine, pharyngeal tubercle. P. ton's!!, considerable 
collection of adenoid tissue and lymph-follicles found 
in the pharynx at the upper end of the posterior 
wall on the median line. P. tu'bercle, that to which 
the pharyngeal raphe is attached on the under surface 
of the basilar process of the occipital bone. P. veins 
collect from the pharyngeal plexus and discharge into 
the internal jugular. P. voice, see Voice. 
Pharyngectomy, far-in-gek'to-me (pharyngo, ekto- 
me). Excision of the pharynx, PHARYNGEM PH RAX IS 
Pharyngemphrax'is (pharyngo, emphraxis, obstruc- 
tion). Obstruction of the pharynx. 
Pharyn'gethron. Pharynx. 
Pharyngeurys'ma (pharyngo, eurusma, dilatation). 
Pharyngocele. 
Pharynge'us. Pharyngeal. 
Pharyn'gicus. Pharyngeal. 
Pharyngis'mus. Spasm or cramp of the pharynx. 
Pharyngi'tis (pharyngo, itis). Inflammation of the 
pharynx; cynanche pharyngea. P. apostemato'sa, 
abscess of the pharynx. P. atroph'ica, pharyngitis 
characterized by atrophy of the mucous membrane 
and of the glandular structures of the pharynx. P., 
catar'rhal, catarrhal angina. P., diphtherit'ic, Pseu- 
domembranous inflammation of the throat, Diphtheritis or 
Diphtheria of the throat, Hog-skin angina; diphtheritic 
inflammation of the pharynx; see Diphtheritis. When 
diphtheria is spoken of, it is usually this affection that 
is meant; although the local phenomena are rather 
expressions of the peculiar adynamic condition termed 
diphtheritic, which may destroy without much or 
any evidence of the pharyngeal affection. It is this 
adynamic condition which demands the main atten- 
tion, the pharyngeal exudation requiring but little. 
During convalescence peculiar paralytic phenomena 
supervene at times. See Paralysis, diphtheritic. Diph- 
theritic pharyngitis is not new. It is manifestly the 
malignant sore throat which is described as having 
been so fatal-in the time of Horace Walpole, for ex- 
ample. See Cynanche maligna. P., erythem'atous, 
simple pharyngitis without complications. P., follic'- 
ular, Follicular inflammation of the pharynx, Acne of the 
throat; inflammation and enlargement of the follicles 
of the pharynx, occasionally extending to the larynx; 
sometimes termed Clergyman's sore throat, Tubercles of 
the larynx and fauces, and Tubercular sore throat; see 
Clergyman's sore throat. P. gangrseno'sa, cynanche 
maligna. P., gran'ular, pharyngitis, follicular. P. 
hypertroph'ica, in this form the mucous membrane 
of the pharynx becomes hypertrophied. P. latera'lis 
hypertroph'ica, inflammatory thickening of lateral 
pharyngeal bands. P. leucse'mica, inflammation of 
the pharynx, involving also the lymphatic glands, 
and attended with an increase of the white corpuscles 
of the blood. P. malig'na, cynanche maligna. P., 
mem'branous, pharyngitis in which membrane forms 
on the wall of the pharynx. P., phlegmo'nous, an- 
gina, phlegmonous. P. ulcero'sa, Ulcerative pharyn- 
gitis; inflammation of the pharynx attended with 
ulceration; see Cynanche maligna. P. villo'sa, in 
this variety papillomata are present on the posterior 
wall of the pharynx. 
Pharyn'go. In composition, the pharynx. 
Pharyngoc'ace (pharyngo, kakos, evil). Cynanche 
maligna. 
Pharyngocele, far-in-go-se'le (Eng. far-in'go-seel) 
(pharyngo, kele, tumor). An enlargement at the upper 
part of the gullet, in which the food sometimes rests 
in considerable quantity. 
Pharyngocenterium, far - in - go - sen - ta ' re - um 
(pharynx, kenteo, to prick). Trocar used to puncture 
the thorax. 
Pharyngocephale, far-in-go-sef'al-e. Pharynx. 
Pharyngocynan'che (kunanche, cynanche). Phar- 
yngitis. 
Pharyngodynia, far-in-go-din'e-ah (pharyngo, odune, 
pain). Pain in the pharynx. 
Pharyn'go-epiglot'tic fold. Concave plication of 
mucous membrane on either side of the epiglottis, 
passing to the pharynx. 
Pharyn'go-epiglot'tlcus. Fibres of stylopharyn- 
geus inserted into side of epiglottis and pharyngo- 
epiglottic ligament. 
Pharyngoglos'sal. Glossopharyngeal. Belonging to 
the pharynx and tongue. P. nerve, Glossopharyn- 
geal nerve ; a portion of the eighth pair, arising from 
the superior and lateral parts of the spinal mar- 
row, between the facial and pneumogastric nerves, 
by several filaments, which soon unite into a single 
cord that passes out of the cranium by the foramen 
lacerum posterius, goes downward and forward, and 
853 
PHARYNGOTOMY 
gains the posterior and inferior part of the tongue. 
Immediately after its exit from the cranium it gives 
a branch to the meatus auditorius externus, and re- 
ceives a filament from the facial and another from 
the pneumogastric nerve. It then furnishes two 
other filaments, which descend upon the carotid 
artery and unite at the bottom of the neck with 
branches from the cervical ganglions and cardiac 
nerves, and give two filaments to the stylopharyngeus 
muscle. After sending a twig or two to the tonsil, to 
the upper part of the pharynx and membrane of the. 
epiglottis, it divides into many branches, which run 
partly to the margin and partly to the middle of the 
root of the tongue, supplying especially the papillae 
majores and the parts in their neighborhood. By 
some this nerve is regarded as the controller of the 
associated motions of the tongue and pharynx. By 
others it is esteemed to be the specific nerve of 
gustation. 
Pharyngog'raphy (pharyngo, graphs, description). 
An anatomical description of the pharynx. 
Pharyngolaryngeal, far-in-go-lar-in-je'al. Relating 
to pharynx and larynx. P. cav'ity, pharyngeal cav- 
ity below the soft palate during deglutition. P. si'nus, 
pyramidal or pyriform sinus. 
Pharyngolaryngi'tis. Inflammation of the phar- 
ynx and larynx. 
Pharyngolith, far-in'go-lith (pharynx, lithos, stone). 
Calcareous deposit under mucous membrane of phar- 
ynx near the tonsil. 
Pharyngol'ogy (pharyngo, logos, discourse). The 
part of anatomy which treats of the pharynx. 
Pharyngol'ysis (pharyngo, lusis, solution). Paralysis 
of the pharynx. 
Pharyngomastoi'deus. Supernumerary muscle 
arising from the mastoid process, inserted into the 
pharyngeal wall. 
Pharyngomyco'sis (pharyngo, mukes, fungus). 
Growth of fungi, usually leptothrix, in the pharynx. 
Pharyngona'sal cav'ity. Pharyngeal cavity above 
the soft palate during deglutition ; nasopharynx. 
Pharyngopalati'nus. Palatopharyngeus; also 
that part thereof inserted into the pharynx only. 
Pharyngoparal'ysis. Paralysis of the pharynx. 
Pharyngop'athy (pharyngo, pathos, disease). Dis- 
ease of the pharynx. 
Pharyngoperis'tole (pharyngo, peristello, to con- 
tract). Stricture or contraction of the pharynx. 
Pharyngople'gia (pharyngo, plesso, to strike). 
Paralysis of the pharynx or oesophagus; commonly 
a symptom of general paralysis or of approaching 
dissolution. 
Pharyngoplethora, far-in-go-pleth-o'rah (pharyngo, 
plethora, fulness). Plethoric condition of the phar- 
ynx. 
Pharyngorhinitis, far-in-go-rhin-e'tis (rhis, nose). 
Inflammation of nasopharynx. 
Pharyngorhinos'copy (rhis, skopeo, to observe). 
Examination of the nasopharynx by the rhinoscope. 
Pharyngorrhagia, far-in-gor-rhaj'e-ah (pharyngo, 
rhage, rupture). Hemorrhage from the vessels of the 
pharynx. 
Pharyngorrhoea, far-in-gor-rhe'ah (pharynx, rheo, 
to flow). Discharge of mucus from the membrane of 
the pharynx. 
Pharyngoscope, far-in'go-skope (pharyngo, skopeo, 
to observe). Modified laryngoscope for examination 
of the pharynx. 
Pharyngos'copy (pharyngo, skopeo, to view). 
Inspection of the pharynx. 
Pharyn'gospasm (pharyngo, spasmos, spasm). Spasm 
or cramp of the pharynx. 
Pharyngostaphyli'nus or Pharyngostaphyle'us 
(pharyngo, staphule, uvula). Palatopharyngeus. 
Pharyngosten'ia (pharyngo, stenos, narrow). Stric- 
ture or contraction of the pharynx. 
Pharyn'gotome (pharyngo, tome, incision). An in- 
strument used to scarify inflamed tonsils and to open 
abscesses which form in the parietes of the pharynx. 
Pharyngot'omy. Some authors have used this 
word synonymously with cesophagotomy. It means, PHARYNGOTONSILLITIS 
also, scarification of the tonsils, or an incision made 
in them for opening an abscess, etc. 
Pharyngotonsillitis, far-in-go-ton-sil-le'tis {pha- 
ryngo, tonsilla, tonsil). Inflammation involving the 
pharynx and tonsil. P. lacuna'ris, infectious tonsil- 
litis due to micro-organisms. 
Phar'ynx {pharunx ; pharo, to cut or divide). Fau- 
ces, Isthmus. A musculomembranous, symmetrical 
canal on the median line, irregularly funnel-shaped 
and extending between the base of the cranium and 
the oesophagus, in front of the vertebral column, to 
the cricoid cartilage. It is very narrow above, di- 
lates in the middle, and again contracts below, at its 
junction with the oesophagus. Into the interior 
paries of the pharynx open, successively, from above 
downward, the posterior orifices of the nasal fossae, 
the Eustachian tubes, the posterior aperture of the 
mouth, and the top of the larynx. The pharynx is 
formed externally of a muscular coat, and internally 
of a mucous membrane which is continuous above 
with the Schneiderian membrane, and in the middle 
with that of the mouth; below with that of the 
cesophagus; and at the sides with that of the 
Eustachian tubes. This membrane has no villi, and 
presents only a few inequalities, which are owing to 
the presence of muciparous follicles. The muscular 
coat is composed of the constrictor muscles, stylo- 
pharyngei, and pharyngostaphylini. The vessels and 
nerves are called pharyngeal. It serves as a common 
origin for the digestive and respiratory organs. It 
gives passage to the air during respiration, and to 
the food at the time of deglutition. P., follic'ular 
inflammation of, pharyngitis, follicular. 
The following are some of the measurements of the 
pharynx (Luschka): 
Length (from the pars basilaris of the occiput to 
the fifth cervical vertebra) 140 mm. 
Breadth of posterior wall at upper end 44 
Depth of pharynx at upper end (from the tuber- 
culum pharyngeum to posterior margin of the 
vomer) in man 20 
Thickness of wall of pharynx 2| 
Constrictor inferior muscle in the median line, 
high 70-80 
Acinous mucous papillae, large 1-2 
Phar'yx. Pharynx. 
Phase. Condition or stage of disease or physiolog- 
ical function at a given time. 
Phase'lus or Phase'olus {phaselos, a small boat). 
Kidney bean, French bean, Bush bean, String bean, Snap 
bean, Snaps ; ord. Leguminosse. When young and well 
boiled the unripe pods are used as a legume. They 
are easy of digestion and delicately flavored. The 
sweet taste of the juice is owing to the presence of 
mannite-phaseomannite. The ripe beans-haricot 
beans-dried, are used in soups, etc. P. albiflo'rus, 
white runner, plant of Mexico; root is poisonous. P. 
cre'ticus, Cajan, Cay an; a decoction of the leaves has 
been used to restrain the hemorrhoidal flux when ex- 
cessive. P. multiflo'rus, scarlet runner. P. vulga'ris, 
phaseolus. 
Phaseoman'nite. Inosite. See Phaselus. 
Phasia'nus gal'lus (from the river Phasis, in Col- 
chis, near the Black Sea). Cock. Parts of generation 
of the cock, dried and pulverized, were formerly re- 
garded as proper for increasing the quantity of semen. 
The fat was used as an emollient and resolvent; the 
brain in diarrhoea ; the gall in freckles and diseases 
of the eyes. 
Phasi'olus. Phaseolus. 
Phas'ma {phao, to cause to appear). Phantasm. 
Phat'ne {phatne, crib with divisions). Alveolus. 
Phat'nion (dim. of Phatne). Alveolus. 
Phatnorrhagia, fat-nor-rha'je-ah {phatne, rhegnumi, 
to break forth). Hemorrhage from the alveoli. 
Phausin'ges {phauzo, to roast). Spots or blisters on 
the legs, produced by heat, and, in a more extensive 
signification, by any other cause. Also a pustule. 
Phaustianus, faws-te-an'us. Ancient cautery for 
removing tumors. 
Phaylopsis (fa-lop'sis) longifo'lla. Plant of Mala- 
854 
PHENORESORCIN 
bar and East Indies; root has aperient and hydra- 
gogue virtues. 
Pheas'ant's eye. Adonis autwmnalis. Indigenous; 
plant is astringent and bitter. 
Phellan'drium aquat'icum. Water fennel, Fine- 
leaved water hemlock; ord. Umbelliferse. This plant 
is stimulant and narcotic. Has been used in inter- 
mittents and dyspepsia; also in phthisis pulmonalis 
and in cases of scrofulous atonic ulcers. 
Phelps's operation. Section of tendo Achillis and 
of resisting tissues, just in front of and below the 
inner malleolus, down to the bone, for relief of 
talipes valgus. 
Phenacethydrazine, fen-as-et-hid'rah-zeen. Hydra- 
cetin. 
Phenac'etin. Para-acetphenetidin. 
Phenaceturic acid, fen-as-et-u'rik as'id. Acid 
found in urine of dogs after taking phenylacetic 
acid and phenylacetonitril. 
Phenakis'toscope (phenakistes, trickster, skopeo, to 
observe). Disk provided with radial openings, regu- 
larly placed near the edge, carrying on its face a 
second smaller disk on which are drawn at regular 
distances, in a circle, successive phases of a periodic 
movement, equal in number to the number of slits. 
When the instrument is held before a mirror and 
revolved, one sees, through the slits, the drawings 
apparently in motion. 
Phenamid, fen-am'id. Suilin. 
Phe'nas so'dicus aq'ua solu'tus. Aqueous solu- 
tion of carbolate of sodium. 
Phenate, fe'nate. Carbolate. 
Phenazone, fen'a-zone. Antipyrine. 
Phe'ne. Benzole. 
Phenetidene, fen-et'id-een. Substance from which 
phenacetin is obtained byprocess of substitution. 
Phengopho'bia (phengos, light, phobos, dread). 
Photophobia. 
Phe'nic. Obtained from or containing phenyl. P. 
ac'id, carbolic acid. 
Phen'icated. Containing phenic acid. 
Phenlcin, fen-is'in. Indigo carmine. 
Phenig'mus (phoinix, purple or red). Phcenigmus, 
Red jaundice. Cutaneous affection consisting of red- 
ness diffused over the skin without fever. Also the 
act of irritating a part by a stimulating application. 
Phe'nion. Anemone pulsatilla. 
Phenocoll hydrochlorate (fe'no-col hy-dro-klo'- 
rate) or hydrochlo'ride. White powder, closely al- 
lied to phenacetin; antipyretic in affections of the 
lungs, acute rheumatism, or neuralgia, in powder, cap- 
sules, or solution. Acetate, carbonate, and salicylate 
of phenocoll exist, but are not as yet therapeutically 
important. 
Phe'nol. Carbolic acid. See also Iodized phenol. P. 
cam'phor, camphorated carbolic acid. P. sulphon'ic 
acid, unimportant constituent of normal urine, much 
increased by vegetable diet or ingestion of phenol or 
benzol, and by peritonitis resulting from ileus or lym- 
phosarcomatous tissue. 
Phenoliodat'um. Iodized phenol. 
Phenoloxyhy'drate. Carbolic acid. 
Phenolphthal'ine or thal'ein. Nearly colorless crys- 
talline substance, readily soluble in alcohol, insoluble 
in water; produced by action of phenol upon phthalic 
anhydride; a delicate test in alkalimetry. 
Phenom'enon (jphainomai, to appear). Phsenomenon. 
An extraordinary and unexpected event. In medi- 
cine it means any change, appreciable by our senses, 
which supervenes in an organ or function, as the 
phenomena of the circulation, respiration, etc. It is 
used in pathology synonymously with symptom. P., 
Cheyne-Stokes, see Cheyne-Stokes. P., knee, see 
Reflex, patellar. 
Phenopyrin, fe-no-py'rin. Oily, colorless liquid, 
composed of equal parts of carbolic acid and anti- 
pyrine. 
Phenoqui'none. Substance produced by oxidation 
of phenol, or by combining quinone and phenol. 
Phenoresor'cin. Mixture containing carbolic acid 
67 per cent., resorcin 33 per cent. PHENOXYCAFFEINE 
Phenoxycaffeine, fe-noks-e-kaf'fe-een. White pow- 
der, derivative of caffeine; mild narcotic in neural- 
gia, migraine, etc. Also locally anaesthetic. 
Phenyl, fen'il. Diphenyl. P. acet'anide, acetani- 
lid. P. al'cohol or P. hy'drate, carbolic acid. P. 
glucosa'zon, yellow crystalline material obtained in 
the phenyl-hydrazin test for sugar in urine. P., hy'- 
drated ox'ide of, carbolic acid. P. hydra'zin, color- 
less oil, soluble in water; the hydrochloride is used 
in the phenyl-hydrazin test for sugar in the urine. 
P.-h. test, test for sugar dependent upon formation 
of crystals of phenyl-glucosazon in presence of phe- 
nyl-hydrazin hydrochloride and sodium acetate. P. 
hy'dride, benzol. P., hy'druret of, benzol. P. sal'- 
icylate, salol. 
Phenylan'iline. Aniline. 
Phenylate, fen'il-ate. Carbolate. 
Phenylben'zene. Diphenyl. 
Phenyldihydrochinazoline (fen-il-di-hy-d ro-chin- 
az'o-leen) hydrochlo'ride. Orexiue hydrochloride. 
Phenyl'ic ac'id. Carbolic acid. P. al'cohol, car- 
bolic acid. 
Phenylmethylace'tone or Phenylmethy Ike'tone. 
Hypnone. 
Phenylsulphu'ric ac'id. Sulphocarbolic acid. 
Phenylure'thane. Euphorin. White crystalline 
powder resembling in composition carabaminic acid 
and acetanilid; antipyretic, antiarthritic, and anal- 
gesic. Applied also externally in venereal ulcers, 
wounds, skin diseases, etc. 
Pheomyelitis, fa-o-me-el-e'tis. Disseminated in- 
flammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord. 
Phere'a. Swollen condition of parotid glands. 
Pheug'ydron {pheugo, to flee, hudor, water). Hydro- 
phobia. 
Phi'ala {phiale, a broad drinking-cup, a saucer). 
Phial or Vial. Small bottle in which apothecaries are 
in the habit of sending out their mixtures, draughts, 
etc., hence called Medicine vials. 
Philadelphia flea'bane. Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
Philadynamica, fil-ad-in-am'ik-ah {philo, a, priv., 
dunamis, power). Debilitants. 
Philanthro'pus {philo, anthropos, man). Galium 
aparine. 
Philermum, fil-ur'mum. Mercaptan. 
Philetron, fil-et'ron. Groove of the upper lip. 
Philia'ter {philo, iatrike, medicine). An amateur 
of medicine. One who studies medicine. 
Phi'lo (phileo, to love). In composition, love. 
Philobio'sis {philo, bios, life). Love of life. 
Philcen'ia {philo, oinos, wine). Love of wine. Ad- 
diction to wine. 
Philogynia, fil-o-gin'e-ah {philo, gune, a woman). 
Fondness for women. 
Philomedica, fil-o-med'ik-ah. Ancient cooling 
draught given in fevers. 
Philomime'sia {philo, mimeomai, to imitate). Mor- 
bid tendency to mimic. 
Philoneism, fil-o-ne'izm (philo, neos, new). Morbid 
desire for new things. 
Philo'nium Londinen'se (after its proposer, Philo). 
Confectio opii. 
Philopatridal'gia (philo,patris, one's country, algos, 
pain). Nostalgia. 
Philopatridoma'nia {philo, patris, one's country, 
mania'). Nostalgia. 
Philos'opher's stone. See Alchemy. 
Philosophia (fil-o-sof'e-ah) adep'ta. Alchemy. P. 
cor'poris vi'vi, physiology. P. hermet'ica, alchemy. 
P. per ig'nem, chemistry. 
Phil'ter {phileo, to love). Medicine or drink con- 
sidered capable of causing love. 
Phil'trum. Groove of the upper lip. 
Philypostrophous, fil-ip-os'tro-fus. Likely to re- 
cur (said of disease). 
Phily'ra. The lime or linden tree. . See ffilia. 
Phily'rea latifo'lia (after Philyra, mother of 
Chiron). Shrub of the south of France and Spain, 
ord. Oleacese, whose leaves have been used as an 
astringent in ulcers of the mouth and throat. The 
flowers, steeped in vinegar, have been applied to the 
855 
PHLEBITIS 
head in headache. Decoction of the leaves is said to 
be diuretic. 
Philyrine, fll'ir-een. Alkaloid obtained from Phil- 
yrea latifolia. 
Phi'mos. Form of bandage for the head. 
Phimo'sicus. Relating to phimosis. 
Phimosientomy, fe-mo-ze-en'to-me (phimosis, en- 
tome, incision). Incision for relieving contraction of 
the prepuce. 
Phimosis, fim-o'sis, improperly Phymo'sis (phimoo, 
to bind tight). Preternatural narrowness of the 
opening of the prepuce, so that it cannot be carried 
behind the corona glandis; most commonly congeni- 
tal. Sometimes it is accidental, and dependent upon 
tumefaction of the glans or of the prepuce, as occurs 
in syphilis. To remedy this state the prepuce may 
be divided by means of a bistoury and director, or 
circumcision may be practised. P. adna'ta, congeni- 
tal phimosis. P. circumliga'ta, paraphimosis. P. 
congen'ita, P. adnata. P. oedemato'des, Hydrophi- 
mosis; phimosis with oedematous swelling of the pre- 
puce. P. o'ris, congenital condition of smallness of 
mouth. P. palpebra'rum, congenital diminution of 
space between the eyelids. P. pueri'lis, P. adnata. 
P. vagina'lis, atresia vaginae. 
Phimotic, fi-mot'ik. Pertaining to phimosis. 
Phlas'ma (phlao, to bruise). Contusion. 
Phleb (phleps, vein). Prefix signifying a vein or 
relation to a vein. 
Phlebangioma (fleb-an-je-o'mah) caverno'sum. 
Acquired angioma cavernosum. 
Phlebarteriectasia, fleb-ar-te-re-ek-tah'ze-ah (phleb, 
arteria, artery, ektasis, dilatation). Varicose aneu- 
rism. 
Phlebarteriodialysis, fleb-ar-te-re-o-de-al'is-is 
(phleb, arteria, artery, dialusls, a loosing or separating). 
Arterio-venous aneurism. 
Phlebec'tases (phleb, ektasis, dilatation). Varicose 
veins. 
Phlebecta'sia (phleb, ektasis, dilatation). Phlebec- 
tasis, Phlebectasy. Dilatation of a vein or portion of 
a vein. 
Phlebec'tasis. Phlebectasia. P. haemorrhoidaTis, 
hsemorrhois. 
Phlebec'tasy. Dilatation of a vein or portion of a 
vein. 
Phlebectopia, fleb-ek-to'pe-ah (phleb, ektopos, mis- 
placed). Abnormal position of a vein. 
Phlebemphrax'is (phleb, emphraxis, obstruction). 
Obstruction or plugging of a vein. 
Phleb'es (pl. of Phleps). See Artery. 
Phlebepati'tis (phleb, hepatitis). Hepatic phlebitis. 
Phlebeurys'ma (phleb, eurusma, dilatation). Varix. 
Phleb'icus. Relating or appertaining to a vein. 
Phleb'ion (dim. of Phleps). Vein; small vein- 
Venula. 
Phlebis'mus (phleps, a vein). Turgescence of veins 
produced by impeded return of the blood. See 
Trachelismus. 
Phlebitis, fleb-e'tis (phlebo, itis). Inflammation of 
the inner membrane of a vein, Endophlebitis, which 
sometimes follows bloodletting, and extends from the 
small wound made in that operation to the neighboring 
parts of the venous system. The symptoms are, first, 
inflammation in the punctured part, and afterward a 
knotty, tense, painful cord, following the direction 
of the vessel, and accompanied with more or less 
fever, according to the extent of the inflammation, 
the nervous symptoms, etc. Phlebitis also sometimes 
supervenes on the ligation or excision of varices, 
after amputation, gunshot wounds, delivery (uterine 
phlebitis), the ligation of the umbilical cord, etc. It 
may terminate by resolution, suppuration, ulceration, 
or gangrene. Sometimes, when a clot forms in a vein 
and the vessel becomes permanently obliterated, the 
clot and vein ultimately contracting so as to form a 
firm cord, it constitutes adhesive phlebitis. P., adhe'- 
sive, see Phlebitis. P., cru'ral, phlegmatia dolens. 
P., gout'y, phlebitis due to gout. P., por'tal, inflam- 
mation of the portal vein. P., puer'peral, phlebitis 
uterina. P., suppura'tive, phlebitis in which suppu- PHLEBO 
ration occurs. P. umbilica'lis, inflammation of the 
umbilical vein. P. uteri/na, see Peritonitis and Phleb- 
itis. P., var'icose, inflammation involving a vari- 
cose vein. 
Phleb'o (phleps, a vein). In composition, a vein. 
Phlebocarcino'ma. Cancer of a vein. 
Pblebodes, fleb-o'dees (phlebo, eidos, resemblance). 
Having resemblance to a vein; well supplied with 
veins. 
Phlebodiastasis, fleb-o-de-as'tas-is (phlebo, diastasis, 
separation). Separation of ends of vein after di- 
vision. 
Phlebog'enous (phlebo, vein, gennao, to generate). 
Term applied to angiomatous tumors-phlebogenous 
angiomata-which are in communication with large 
venous trunks. 
Phlebogram, fleb'o-gram. Sphygmographic tracing 
of movements of a vein. 
Phlebog'raphy (phlebo, graphe, description). De- 
scription or anatomy of the veins. 
Phleboid, fleb'oid. Relating to a vein. 
Phlebolith, fleb'o-lith (phlebo, lithos, stone). Vein- 
stone. Loose concretion, varying in size from that 
of a currant to that of a pea, occasionally found 
in the veins; it would seem to be formed in the 
blood. 
Pblebolithiasis, fleb-o-lith-e'as-is. Formation of 
phleboliths. 
Phlebol'ithus. Phlebolith. 
Phlebol'ogy (phlebo, logos, discourse). The part of 
anatomy treating of the veins. 
Phlebometritis, fleb-o-met-re'tis (phlebo, metritis'). 
Metrophlebitis. 
Phlebopalia, fleb-o-pal'e-ah (phlebo, pallo, to palpi- 
tate). With the ancients, pulsation, which they 
conceived to be produced by the veins. See Pulsus 
venarum. 
Phlebophlogosis, fleb-o-flog-o'sis (phlebo, phlogosis, 
burning heat). Phlebitis. 
Phlebophthalmotom'ia (phlebo, ophthalmos, eye, 
tome, incision). Bloodletting in the eye. 
Phleboplero'sis (phlebo, plerosis, fulness). Disten- 
sion or fulness of the veins. P. ecphrac'tica, inflam- 
mation. 
Phleborrhagia, fleb-or-rhaj'e-ah (phlebo, rhegnumi, 
to break out). Rupture of the veins, and, in a more 
extensive sense, venous hemorrhage. 
Phleborrhex'is (phlebo, rhexis, rupture). Rupture 
of a vein; also hemorrhage from a vein, Phlebor- 
rhagia. 
Phlebosclero'sis (phlebo, skleros, hard). Thickening 
and calcification of a vein. 
Phlebosteno'sis (pMe&o, stenosis, contraction). Con- 
striction or contraction of a vein. 
Phlebostrep'sis (pMe6o, strepsis, twist). Torsion of 
a vein. 
Phlebothrombo'sis (phlebo, thrombosis). Coagula- 
tion of blood in a vein. P. puerpera'lis, phlegmatia 
dolens. 
Phlebotome, fle'bo-tome. Instrument employed for 
bloodletting. 
Phlebot'omist (phlebo, tome, incision). A bleeder. 
One who practises particularly the art of phlebotomy. 
See Bloodletting. 
Phlebotomoinania, fleb-o-to-mo-man'e-ah (phleb- 
otomy, mania). Phlebotomania. An extravagant esti- 
mate of the value of bloodletting as a curative 
agent. 
Phlebot'omum. Fleam; lancet. 
Phlebot'omy. Venesection. See Bloodletting. 
Phlebs. Vein. 
Phlebyperectasia (fleb-ip-ur-ek-taz'e-ah) or Phleb- 
yperec'tasis (phleps, huper, ektasis, stretching). Condi- 
tion in which the veins are over-distended. 
Phlebypostenosis, fleb-ip-o-sten-o'sis (phleps, hupo, 
stenosis, constriction). Moderately constricted condi- 
tion of a vein. 
Phledo'nia (phleo, to talk idly). Delirium. 
Phlegm, flem. Phlegma, Mucus, Mother. One of 
the four natural humors of the ancients, which, ac- 
cording to them, was cold and moist, as atrabilis was 
856 
PHLEGMONOUS 
cold and dry. It predominated especially in winter. 
The term pituita or phlegm was afterward applied 
to every aqueous or excrementitious humor, such as 
the saliva, nasal and intestinal mucus, serum, etc. 
These terms are no longer employed in physiology, 
but the vulgar still use phlegm to designate a stringy 
mucus expectorated or rejected by vomiting. Phlegm 
was also formerly an aqueous, insipid, and inodorous 
product obtained by subjecting moist vegetable mat- 
ters to heat. 
Phleg'ma. Phlegm. P. na'rium cras'sum, nasal 
mucus. P. vit'riol, sulphuric acid (very dilute). 
Phleg'magogue (phlegma, ago, to expel). Medi- 
cine formerly believed capable of cutting or removing 
phlegm. 
Phlegmap'yra (phlegma, pur, fire, fever). Adeno- 
meningeal fever. 
Phlegmasia, fleg-maz'e-ah (phlego, to inflame). In- 
flammation ; phlegmon. P. adeno'sa, adenitis; phleg- 
matia alba. P. JEthi'opum, phlegmatia or chlorosis 
of negroes. P. al'ba do'lens puerpera'rum, phleg- 
matia dolens. P. cellula'ris, induration of the cellular 
tissue. P. do'lens, phlegmatia alba dolens. P. glan- 
dulo'sa, adenitis. P- lac'tea, phlegmatia alba dolens. 
P. myoi'ca, myositis. P. of the peritone'um, peri- 
tonitis. 
Plegmatla, fleg-mah'she-ah (phlegma'). (Edema; 
anasarca; dropsy. P. do'lens, Crural phlebitis, White 
leg, Swelled leg, Milk leg, White swelling of lying-in 
women. Acute painful oedema, due to venous ob- 
struction from thrombosis, most frequent in the lower 
extremity in wromen in labor. It occurs, for the 
most part, in the second or third week after delivery, 
is limited to the lower extremity, and chiefly to one 
side, exhibiting to the touch a feeling of numerous 
irregular prominences under the skin. It is accom- 
panied, sooner or later, with febrile excitement. 
After a few days the heat, hardness, and sensibility 
diminish, and the limb remains cedematous for a 
longer or shorter period. P. lac'tea, P. dolens. 
Phlegma'ti®. Inflammations. P. membrano's® et 
parenchymato's®, internal inflammations. 
Phlegmatic. Abounding in phlegm, as the phleg- 
matic or lymphatic temperament. 
Phlegmatoch'emy (phlegma, chemia, chemistry). 
Chemistry of the animal humors. 
Phlegmatoid, fleg'mat-oid (phlegma, odes). Full of 
inflammation or phlegm. 
Phlegmatop'yra (phlegma, pur, fire, fever). Fever, 
adenomeningeal. 
Phlegmatorrhagia, fleg-mat-or-rhaj'e-ah (phlegma, 
rhage, a breaking forth). Phlegmatorrhoea, Catarrh. 
Copious secretion, by the nostrils, of a limpid and thin 
mucus, without inflammation. See Coryza. 
Phlegmatorrhoea, fleg-mat-or-rhe'ah (phlegma, rheo, 
to flow). Catarrh. 
Phleg'matous. Relating to or resembling phlegm. 
Phlegmhymenitis, flem-him-en-e'tis. Inflammation 
of the mucous membrane. 
Phlegmon, fleg'mon (phlego, to burn). Beal. In- 
flammation of the areolar texture accompanied with 
redness, circumscribed swelling, increased heat, and 
pain which is at first tensive and lancinating, after- 
ward pulsatory and heavy. It is apt to terminate in 
suppuration; it requires knife treatment. P., sim'ple, 
in this form of phlegmon the inflammation is not 
extensive and is non-malignaut. 
Phlegmonaposteme, fleg-mon-ap-os'tem-e (phleg- 
mone, inflammation, apostema, abscess). Abscess. 
Phleg'mone. Inflammation ; phlegmon. P. mam'- 
m®, inflammation and abscess of the breast. P. 
mastodyn'ia, inflammation and abscess of the breast. 
P. musculo'rum, myositis. P. parotid®'a, parotis. 
P. paru'lis, parulis. P. pel'vica, see Parametritis. 
P. periton®'!, peritonitis. P. ventric'uli, gastritis. 
Phlegmono'des. Phlegmonous. 
Phleg'monoid (phlegmon, eidos, resemblance). Re- 
sembling phlegmon. 
Phleg'monous (phlegmon). Phlegmonoid. Relating 
or belonging to phlegmon. Inflammatory. P. in- 
flamma'tion is the active inflammation of the areolar PHLEGMOPYRA 
membrane, in contradistinction to erysipelatous in- 
flammation, or that of the skin. 
Phlegmop'yra (phlegma, pur, fire, fever). Fever, 
adenomeningeal. 
Phlegmorrhagia, fleg-mor-rhaj'e-ah (phlegma, rhage, 
a breaking forth). Blennorrhcea. 
Phlegmorrhoea, fleg-mor-rhe'ah (phlegma, rheo, to 
flow). Blennorrhcea. 
Phlegmymen, fleg'me-men (phlegma, humen, mem- 
brane). Muscular membrane. 
Phlegmymeni'tis (phlegma, humen, membrane, if is). 
Inflammation of mucous membrane. P. enter'ica, 
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bowels; 
see Enteritis. 
Phleme. Lancet. 
Phleps. Vein. 
Phlobaphene, flo-baf'een. Amorphous principle 
obtained from hops. 
Phlceum, fle'um. Bark. 
Phlogeemia, flog-e'me-ah (phlogia, haima, blood). 
See Hsemitis. 
Phlo'gia. Inflammation. 
Phlo'gicus (phlogia, inflammation). Inflammatory. 
Phlogistic, flo-jis'tik (phlogia, inflammation). In- 
flammatory ; heat-producing. 
Phlogisticated, flo-jis'tik-a-ted. Containing phlo- 
giston or hydrogen. 
Phlogis'ton (phlogizo, to burn). Hydrogen. Term 
formerly used which recognized fire as an essential 
element of the composition of many substances, being 
set free from them during combustion. 
Phlogmocausus, flog-mo-kaw'sus (phlogmos, intense 
heat, Icausos, burning). Inflammatory fever. 
Phlog'mus. Verbascum thapsus. 
Phlogochroma, flog-o-kro'mah (phlogia, a flame, 
chroma, color). Inflammatory color or tint. 
Phlogochymia, flog-o-kim-e'ah (phlox, flaine, chu- 
meia, chemistry). Chemistry pertaining to changes 
occurring in the tissues due to inflammatory processes. 
Phlogo'des (phlogia, odes'). Inflamed. Inflamma- 
tory. Epithet employed particularly to express the 
red color of the face. 
Phlo'gogene(phlox, flame, gennao, to beget). Hy- 
drogen. * 
Phlogogenic (flog-o-jen'ik) or Phlogogenet'ic. Hav- 
ing the symptoms of acute gonorrhoea. 
Phlogogenous, flog-oj'en-us (phlogia, inflammation, 
gennao, to produce). Exciting inflammation, as the 
action of pus after wounds. 
Phlogogonorrhoea, flog-o-gon-or-rhe'ah. Acute gon- 
orrhoea. 
Phlogop'yra (phlox, flame, pur, fever). Continued 
fever. 
Phlogosed'. Inflamed. 
Phlogosin, flog-o'sin. Product of cultures of Staphy- 
lococcus aureus which produces intense inflammation 
and suppuration. 
Phlogosis, flog-o'sis (phlogia). Inflammation. Some 
writers use this word exclusively for external in- 
flammation-phlegmon; others, for that which is su- 
perficial or erysipelatous. 
Phlogot'ica. Inflammations. 
Phlogozelotism, flog-o-zel'ot-izm (phlox, zeloo, to ad- 
mire warmly). Propensity to regard all morbid con- 
ditions as inflammatory, and to employ antiphlogistic 
treatment. 
Phlogurgia, flog-ur'je-ah. Phlogochymia. 
Phlomis, flo'mis. Lychnitis. Lamp-wick, European 
plant-; flowers and leaves have stimulant and emmen- 
agogue virtues, and are used externally in hsemor- 
rhoids. P. tubero'sa, Jerusalem sage; leaves are 
employed in diarrhoea and dysentery. 
Phlo'os. Cortex. 
Phloret'ic ac'id. Crystalline product of action of 
potassa upon phlorizin. 
Phloretin, flo'ret-in. Decomposition product of 
action of dilute acids upon the glucoside phlorizin. 
Phloridzin, flo'rid-zin. Phlorizin. 
Phlorizein, flo-riz'e-in. Product of action of am- 
monia upon phlorizin. 
Phlori'zin (phloos, rhiza, root). C21H21O20. Bitter 
857 
PHCENODINE 
or active principle of the root and trunk of the apple, 
pear, cherry, and plum tree, deposited from the 
decoction on cooling; crystallizes in silky spicula or 
in long slender prisms or tables. It has been admin- 
istered successfully in intermittents. It produces ar- 
tificial diabetes, and is employed in physiological 
investigations. 
Phloroglucin, flo-ro-glu'sin. Derivative of resorcin 
or phlorizin; used in solution with vanilla as test for 
free hydrochloric acid in the contents of the stomach, 
producing a deep-red color. 
Phlorol, flo'rol. One of the constituents of creasote; 
existing also in crude carbolic acid. 
Phlo'rose. Dextrose. 
Phlorrhi'zin. Phlorizin. 
Phlox. Verbascum thapsus. Flame. P., Caroli'na, 
indigenous southern herb, ord. Polemoniacese; roots 
said to furnish portion of commercial spigelia, and 
to be equally efficacious. 
Phlyctsenoi'des. Phlyctenoid. 
Phlyctsenophthal'mia. See Phlyctenular. 
Phlyctsenosis, flik-te-no'sis. Formation of phlyc- 
tense. Under Phlyctsenosis, Hebra includes herpes, 
miliaria, and pemphigus acutus. P. aggrega'ta, skin 
disease characterized by eruption of pin-head ves- 
icles, thickly set on an intensely red base, appearing in 
succession on different parts of the body, with intense 
itching. P. labia'lis, herpes labialis. P. spar'sa, 
herpes. 
Phlyctsenula, flik-te'nu-lah (dim. of Phlyctsena). 
Small vesicle or blister. Presence of serous fluids 
under the epidermis, conjunctiva, or cornea. See 
Hydatid and Phlyctenular. 
Phlyctena, flik-te'nah (phluo, to bubble up). Small 
vesicle containing serum. 
Phlyc'tenoid (phlyctsena, eidos, resemblance). Re- 
sembling phlycteena. A variety of herpes is so called. 
Phlycten'ular (phlyctenula). Of or belonging to 
phlyctsenula, as phlyctenular ophthalmia, inflamma- 
tion of the eye accompanied with phlyctsenulse on 
the cornea (phlyctsenophthalmia, phlyctenular cor- 
neitis, scrofulous ophthalmia of writers). 
Phlyctenule, flik'ten-ule. Phlyctsenula. 
Phlyc'tides (pl. of Phlyctis). Phlycteenae. 
Phlyctidium, flik-tid'e-um (dim. of Phlyctis). A 
circular or annular spot of inflammation of the corium, 
encircled by a red ring or zone, within which suppu- 
ration takes place. Genuine small-pox pustule and 
that produced by the application of tartar-emetic 
ointment are examples of it. 
Phlyc'tis. Phlyctaena. 
Phlyktse'na. Phlyctsena. 
Phlysis, fle'sis (phluo, to bubble up). Cutaneous 
eruption. An ulcerative, subcutaneous tumor; flat, 
tensive, glabrous; diffused, hot, throbbing; at length 
fluctuating, with an acrid ichor. Phlycteena. P. 
ecthy'ma, ecthyma. P. impeti'go, impetigo. P. 
porri'go, porrigo. P. scab'ies, psora. 
Phlyza'cia. Ecthyma. 
Phlyza'cion (phluzo, to bubble up). Phlyctsena. P. 
acu'tum, acute ecthyma. P. chron'icum, chronic 
ecthyma. 
Phobodip'sia or Phobodipson, fo-bo-dip'son (p/io&os, 
dread, dipsa, thirst). Hydrophobia. 
Phoce'nia. Trivalerin. 
Phocenic (fo-se'nik) ac'id. Delphinic acid. 
Phocomelus, fo-kom'el-us (phoke, seal, melos, limb). 
Monster in which the hands and feet appear to be in- 
serted immediately on the trunk, as in the seal and the 
herbiverous Cetacea. Condition is called Phocomelia. 
Phoenicine, fe'nis-een (phoinix, red). Heematin. 
Indigo carmine. 
Phcenicismus, fe-nis-iz'mus (phoinix, red). Rubeola; 
measles; rotheln. 
Phoenicius (fe-nis'e-us) mor'bus. Leprosy. 
Phcenig'mus. Phenigmus. P. petechia'lis, pur- 
pura simplex. 
Phce'nix dactylif'era. Date tree. P. excel'sa, 
date tree. 
Phoenodine, fe'no-deen (phoinodes, blood-red). Hse- 
matin. PHOIS 
Phois, fo'is. Burn; blister. 
Pholidata (fol-id-at'ah) imbrica'ta. Plant of Mal- 
abar ; natives apply the bulb externally to ulcers, etc. 
Pho'lis. Scale, horny in character. 
Phonas'cia (phone, voice, askeo, to exercise). Art 
of exercising the voice. 
Phonation, fo-na'shun (phone, voice). Voice-pro- 
duction. 
Phonautograph, fo-naut'o-graf (phone, autos, self, 
grapho, to write). Apparatus for recording vibrations 
of air set in motion by the voice. 
Pho'ne. Voice. 
Phonesis, fo-na'sis. Phonation. 
Phonet'ic or Pho'nic (phone, voice). Relating or 
appertaining to sound or to the voice. See Paralysis, 
phonetic. 
Pho'nica (phone, voice). Diseases affecting the 
vocal avenues, the passage of the voice being im- 
peded or its power suppressed or depraved. 
Pho'nics. See Acoustics. 
Phonocamptic, fo - no - kamp' tik (phone, sound, 
kampto, to break). Echoing. Reflecting sound. 
Phonocamp'tics. Branch of science treating of 
reflection of sound. 
Phonochordae, fo-no-kor'da (phone, chordae, cords). 
Vocal cords. 
Pho'nograph (phone, grapho, to write). Instrument 
for making graphic record of sounds, which may be 
reproduced by reversing the action of the apparatus. 
Phonol'ogy (phone, logos, discourse). Science treat- 
ing of modifications of the voice. 
Phonometer, fo-nom'et-ur (phone, metron, measure). 
Instrument for estimating the intensity of the human 
voice. 
Phonom'etry (phone, metron, measure). Measure- 
ment of intensity of sound emitted by a vibrating 
tuning-fork, to determine presence or absence of a 
cavity beneath the surface. 
Phonon'osi or Phononu'si (phone, nosos or nousos, a 
disease). Disorders of the voice. 
Phonopathiae, fo-no-path-e'e (phone, pathos, affec- 
tion). Diseases of the vocal organs. 
Phonop'athy (phone, pathos, disease). Disease of 
the vocal organs. 
Phonophobia, fo-no-fo'be-ah (phone, phobos, dread). 
Morbid dread of sound. 
Phono'sis. Phonation. 
Pho'nospasm. Spasm of the vocal organs. 
Pho'ra. Gestation. 
Phoradendron, for-ah-den'dron. Flavescens. Amer- 
ican mistletoe, growing on oaks, etc. Berries of this 
parasitic shrub have produced catharsis and vomiting, 
and have even proved fatal in young subjects. It is 
reputed to resemble digitalis in its action; has been 
employed in affections of the heart, dropsies, etc.; 
also to produce abortion. 
Phor'be. Pabulum. 
Phor'mia. Pseudomorphia. 
Phormi'um te'nax. New Zealand flax; decoction 
of root and leaf bases used as a lotion for wounds. 
Ord. Liliaceae. 
Phorometer, for-om'e-tur (phoreo, to carry away, 
metron, measure). Instrument for determining insuf- 
ficiencies of the external ocular muscles, as shown by 
a tendency to deviation of the visual axes from their 
normal relations. Instrument for measuring degree 
of intensity of light (phos, light). 
Phoromet'ria. Measurement of movement. 
Phoron'omy (phoreo, to carry forward, nomos, law). 
Doctrine of muscular motion. 
Phor'ous (phoreo, to move or carry). Suffix denot- 
ing conveyance; hence galactophorous, etc. 
Phos. Light. 
Phosgene, fos'jeen (phos, gennao, to produce). Pro- 
ducing light. P. gas, carbonyl chloride. 
Phos'phas. Phosphate. Salt formed by the union 
of phosphoric acid with a salifiable base. P. ammo- 
nicoso'dicus, microcosmic salt. P. ammo'nicus, am- 
monium phosphate. P. bical'cicus, neutral calcium 
phosphate. P. cal'cicum stibia'tum, antimonial 
powder. P. cal'cicus, calcium phosphate. P. cal'cis 
858 
PHOSPHORUS 
stibia'tus, antimonial powder. P. ferrosofer'ricus, 
ferrosoferric phosphate. P. nat'ricum, sodium phos- 
phate. P. nat'ricus or so'dicus, sodium phosphate. 
Phos'phate. Phosphas. P. of i'ron, see Ferroso- 
ferric phosphate, Ferric phosphate, and Sodioferric 
citrophosphate. P., trip'le, phosphate of ammonium 
and magnesium; normal urinary deposit during alka- 
line fermentation, sometimes pathologically present 
in fresh urine. 
Phos'phates, wheat. See Wheat. 
Phosphat'ic (phosphorus). Relating to the phos- 
phates ; hence the Phosphatic diathesis is the habit of 
body which favors or occasions the deposition of the 
phosphates from the urine. P. ac'id, name given to 
union of phosphoric and phosphorous acids produced 
by gradual combustion of phosphorus. 
Phosphaturia, fos-fat-u're-ah (phosphas, ouron, 
urine). Condition in which urine contains a large 
quantity of phosphates. 
Phosphene, fos'feen (phos, phaino, to become mani- 
fest). Photopsia. 
Phos'phenes (phos, phaino, to appear). Subjective 
sensations of light produced by pressure upon the 
eyeball. P. of accommodation, similar afl'ection 
caused by contraction of the ciliary muscle during 
the act of accommodation. 
Phosphen'yl. Compound formed by combining 
phosphorus and phenyl. 
Phosphide, fos'fide. Compound of phosphorus with 
another element. 
Phosphine, fos'feen. Hydrogen phosphide (PH3), 
produced by boiling phosphorus with solution of 
caustic alkali. 
Phos'phite. A salt of phosphorous acid. 
Phos'phorated. Phosphuretted. Combined or im- 
pregnated with phosphorus. P. oil, one per cent, 
solution of phosphorus in expressed oil of almonds; 
Ph. U. S. directs subsequent addition of a small quan- 
tity of ether; convenient form for administration of 
phosphorus. Officinal as oleum phosphoratum. 
Phosphores'cence. Luminosity. Property possessed 
by certain bodies of being luminous in obscurity or 
under particular circumstances. It is noticed in 
some forms of putrefying organic matter, in excreta 
of some animals, etc. This phosphorescence has been 
occasionally witnessed in man when suffering from 
some wasting disease, as phthisis, and especially when 
near death. 
Phosphoretted, fos'for-et-ted. Containing or united 
with phosphorus. 
Phosphoretum, fos-for-e'tum. Phosphide. 
Phosphorhidro'sis. Phosphoridrosis. 
Phosphoric, fos-for'ik. Relating to phosphorus. P. 
ac'id, colorless, odorless, strongly acid liquid, sp. gr. 
1.347, composed of 50 per cent, of orthophosphoric 
acid and 50 per cent, of water (Ph. U. S.); sp. gr. 
1.50-66, 3 per cent, of acid (Ph. Br.); sp. gr. 1.12, 20 
per cent, of acid (Ph. G.); tonic, refrigerant, caustic. 
Dilute phosphoric acid is officinal in the Ph. U. S. 
and Br. under the name acidum phosphoricum di- 
lutum. See also Dilute and Glacial phosphoric acid. 
Phosphoridro'sis (phosphorus, hidros, sweat). Phos- 
phorescent sweat, making the body luminous in the 
dark; reported in malaria, phthisis, and after diges- 
tion of certain fish. 
Phos'phorism. Condition produced by long-con- 
tinued or excessive doses of phosphorus. 
Phosphornecro'sis (phosphorus, necrosis). Necrosis, 
especially of the maxillary bones, from chronic phos- 
phorus-poisoning, as in those engaged in the manu- 
facture of matches. 
Phos'phorous ac'id. Crystalline, deliquescent 
substance formed by slow oxidation of phosphorus 
in moist air or by action of water on phosphorus 
trioxide. It forms with bases salts called phosphites. 
Phosphoru'ria (phosphorus, ouron, urine). Phos- 
phorescent urine. Also urine containing an excess 
of phosphates. See Urine. 
Phos'phoms (phos, light, phero, to carry). Trans- 
lucent, nearly colorless, wax-like, non-metallic ele- 
ment. Sp. gr. 1.83. Soft and flexible at ordinary PHOSPHURETTED 
temperatures; melts at 440° C.; emits white fumes 
when exposed to air; ignites at temperature slightly 
above melting-point; insoluble in water, soluble in 
absolute ether, fatty oils, and abundantly in carbon 
bisulphide. It is a nerve tonic and stimulant; also 
an active, irritant poison. In acute phosphorus-poi- 
soning the vomited matters and tissues are luminous 
in the dark. Lipowitz's test is to acidulate the sus- 
pected liquid with sulphuric acid and boil with sul- 
phur, which abstracts and combines with the phos- 
phorus, which may be recognized by its luminosity 
or as phosphoric acid. See Poisons and antidotes ; also, 
Amorphous and Red phosphorus. P. necro'sis, phos- 
phornecrosis. P. pills (Ph. U. S. and Br.), pills of 
phosphorus. 
Phosphuret'ted. Phosphorated. 
Phosphure'tum zin'cicum. Zinc phosphide. 
Phosphu'ria (phosphorus, our on, urine). Phosphor- 
escent urine. Also, urine containing an excess of 
phosphates. See Urine. 
Phosphypostasis, fos-fip-os'tas-is (phosphas, hupo- 
stasis, sediment). Deposition of phosphates in the 
organism. 
Photal'gia (phos, algos, pain). Pain caused by 
light. 
Pho'tic (phos, light). Relating or appertaining to 
light and to the acts concerned in its production in 
the lower animals. 
Photocamp'sis (phos, kampsis, bending). Refrac- 
tion. 
Photochronography, fo-to-kro-nog'raf-e. Process of 
successively photographing objects while moving. 
Photodysphoria, fo-to-dis-for'e-ah (phos, dusphoreo, 
to bear ill). Intolerance of light. 
Photogenic, fo-to-jen'ik (phos, gennao, to produce). 
Light-producing. 
Photography, fo-tog'raf-e. Process of producing 
pictures of objects by action of light on chemically 
prepared substances. It is valuable as an auxiliary 
in medical practice. 
Photohaematachometer, fo-to-he-mat-ak-om'e-tur 
(phos, haima, blood, tachus, swift, metron, measure). 
Instrument for measuring, photographically, the ve- 
locity of the blood-current. 
Photokinetic, fo-to-kin-et'ik. Producing move- 
ment with bright rays of light. 
Photol'ogy (phos, logos, discourse). Treatise on 
light and its laws and influences. 
Photomania, fo-to-man'e-ah (phos, mania). Insane 
delirium induced by light. 
Photomechanical, fo-to-me-kan'ik-al. Mechanical, 
and due to influence of light. 
Photometer, fo-tom'e-tur (phos, metron, measure). 
Apparatus for comparing intensity of the sources of 
light; see Unit, photometric. 
Photomet'ric. Pertaining to photometry. P. u'nit, 
see Unit. 
Photom/etry. Measurement of intensity of light. 
Photomicrograph, fo-to-mik'ro-graf (phos, mikros, 
small, grapho, to write). Photograph of a microscopic 
object. 
Photon'osus (phos, nosos, disease). Disease due to 
exposure to sunlight. 
Photopho'bia (phos, phobos, fear). Aversion to 
light, intolerance of light; a symptom in several 
affections of the eye. 
Photophob'icus. Having a dread of the light. 
Photophobophthalmia, fo-to-fob-of-thal'me-ah 
(phos, phobos, dread, ophthalmia). Ophthalmia with 
great intolerance of light. 
Photoph'obus. Having a dread of the light. 
Photophone, fo'to-fone (phos, phone, sound). Ap- 
paratus in which the transmitting substance-e. g. 
selenium-is so affected by sound-waves that there 
is a change in transmitted light for each alteration 
in sound-wave lengths. 
Photophore, fo'to-for (phos, phero, to carry). Elec- 
tric lamp for illuminating the interior of canals or 
cavities of the body. 
Photopsia, fo-top'se-ah (phos, ops, eye). False per- 
ception of light, as of sparks, flashes of fire, etc. occa- 
859 
1 PHRENITIS 
sioned by certain conditions of the retina and brain 
and by pressure of the eyeball. When pressure does 
not induce the luminous appearance, the existence of 
amaurosis may be inferred. See Metamorphopsia. 
Photoptom/eter (phos, ops, eye, metron, measure). 
Instrument for measuring acuteness of vision for 
homogeneous light. 
Photoptometry, fo-top-tom'et-re. Measurement of 
acuteness of vision for homogeneous light. 
Photorrhexis, fo-tor-rheks'is (phos, rhexis, break- 
ing). Refraction of rays of light. 
Photoxylin, fo-toks'il-in. Kind of pyroxylin made 
by nitrating wood-pulp; recommended for use in 
preparation of collodion. When itself applied to a 
surface, as in plastic surgery, it leaves on evapora- 
tion a firmer film than collodion does. Used also in 
mounting specimens for the microscope. 
Photu'ria (phos, ouron, urine). Luminous condition 
of the urine. 
Phoxos, foks'os. One with a peaked head. 
Phragmidiothrix, frag-mid-e'o-thriks. Genus of 
Schizomycetes, similar to the Beggiatoa. 
Phragmites (frag-me'tees) commu'nis. Common 
reed; in Utah the leaves are eaten by the Indians. 
Phrag'mus (phragmos, fence). A row of teeth. 
Phrasis, frah'sis. Articulated voice. 
Phra'sum. Marrubium. 
Phren (phren, mind). The mind or organ of the 
mind. Also the diaphragm and scrobiculus cordis. 
Phrenalgia, fren-al'je-ah (phren, algos, pain). Mel- 
ancholia; psychalgia. P. si'ne delir'io, melancholy. 
Phrenasthenia, fren-as-then-e'ah (phren, asthenes, 
weak). Diaphragmatic paresis ; also congenital men- 
tal disease, consisting in cretinism, idiocy, imbecility, 
etc. 
Phrenatrophia, fren-at-ro'fe-ah (phren, a, priv., 
trophe, nourishment). Wasting or atrophy of the 
brain. 
Phrenaux'e (phren, auxe, increase). Hypertrophy 
of the brain. 
Phrenes, fren'ees. Diaphragm. 
Phrene'sia, Phrene'sis, or Phreneti'asis (phren). 
Phrenitis. 
Phrenet'ic. Relating or appertaining to phrenitis; 
frantic; mad. 
Phrenetis'mus. Phrenitis. 
Phreniatric, fren-e-at'rik (phren, iatros, physician). 
Relating to phreniatrics. 
Phreniat'rics. Therapeutics of mental disorders. 
Phren'ic (phren, diaphragm). Diaphragmatic? P. 
ar'teries, those supplying the diaphragm: superior, 
from internal mammary; inferior, from abdominal 
aorta. P. cen'tre, central tendon of diaphragm; see 
Diaphragm and Centre, phrenic. P. gan'glion, small 
ganglion in diaphragm connected with right phrenic 
nerve and with solar plexus. P. nerve, principal mo- 
tor nerve of diaphragm, derived from cervical plexus, 
mainly from fourth cervical; passes across scalenus 
anticus, in front of subclavian artery and root of lung, 
between pericardium and pleura (to which it gives 
filaments) to the diaphragm. P. plex'us, division of 
solar plexus accompanying inferior phrenic artery. 
P. veins correspond to arteries of same name; empty 
into inferior cava. 
Phren'ica (phren, mind). Diseases affecting the in- 
tellect, characterized by error, perversion, or debility 
of one or more of the mental faculties (Phrenopathia). 
Also remedies that affect the mental faculties. 
Phrenicol'ic. Relating to diaphragm and colon. 
P. lig'ament, phrenocolic ligament. 
Phren'ics. Phrenica. 
Phrenic'ula (or Phrenetic'ula) hydrocephal'ica. 
Hydrocephalus internus. 
Phrenicus, fren'ik-us. Phrenic. 
Phrenis'mus. Phrenitis. 
Phrenit'icus. Phrenetic. 
Phrenitis, fren-e'tis (phren, itis). Phrensy, Frenzy, 
Delirium, Brain fever, Encephalitis, Acute delirium. 
Disease characterized by violent pyrexia, pain in the 
head, redness of the face and eyes, intolerance of 
light and sound, watchfulness, and delirium, either PHRENOBLABES 
furious or muttering. Its causes are the same as those 
of other inflammations; sometimes, however, it is in- 
duced by a coup-de-soleil, by inebriation, violent men- 
tal emotions, etc. Some authors have given the name 
phrenitis and meningitis to inflammation of the mem- 
branes of the brain, and that of cephalitis, encephal- 
itis, or cerebritis to inflammation of the substance of 
the brain; but there are no pathognomonic symp- 
toms which can lead us to refer the seat of the dis- 
ease to any of those parts exclusively. When the brain 
and meninges were affected only symptomatically, as 
in inflammation of the diaphragm, the disease was 
formerly called Paraphrenitis. Hydrocephalus acutus 
is a variety of phrenitis. P. aphrodisi'aca, eroto- 
mania. P. calentu'ra, insolation; sunstroke. P. 
la'trans, hydrophobia. P. potato'rum, delirium tre- 
mens. P. vermino'sa, a form of phrenitis supposed 
to be dependent on the presence of a worm in the 
brain. 
Phrenob'labes or Phrenoblabia, fren-o-blab'e-ah 
(phren, blapto, to hinder). Mental impairment; de- 
mentia. 
Phrenocolic, fren-o-kol'ik. Eelating to the dia- 
phragm and colon. P. lig'ament, fold of peritoneum 
passing from diaphragm opposite tenth or eleventh 
rib to splenic flexure of colon. It assists in support- 
ing the spleen, forming the splenic recess. 
Phrenocos'tal. Eelating to diaphragm and ribs. 
Phrenogas'tric. Eelating to the diaphragm and 
stomach; gastrophrenic. 
Phrenoglot'tism. Asthma thymicum. 
Phrenoglottismus, fren-o-glot-tiz'mus (phren, dia- 
phragm, glotta, tongue). Spasmodic condition of the 
glottis considered to originate from the diaphragm. 
Phren'ograph (phren, diaphragm, grapho, to write). 
Apparatus for noting the arrest of respiration in gal- 
vanization of the pneumogastric nerve after section. 
Phrenography, fren-og'raf-e. Science of the mind ; 
psychology. 
Phrenolepsia, fren-o-lep'se-ah (phren, lepsis). Loss 
of mind. P. erotomat'ica (relating to interrogation), 
doubting insanity. 
Phrenolin, fren'o-lin. Phrenosia. 
Phrenological (phren, logos, discourse). Eelating 
or pertaining to phrenology. 
Phrenology, fren-ol'o-je (phren, logos, discourse). 
Craniology. 
Phrenomag'netism. Phrenomesmerism, Mesmero- 
phrenology. Condition of a mesmerized person, in 
which, when any phrenological organ (so called) is 
touched, its functions are manifested. It has been 
established that no such phenomena can be elicited 
in children or in those who have never seen a 
phrenological cast or picture. 
Phrenonarcosis, fren-o-nar-ko'sis. Stupefaction; 
dulling of the senses or intellect. 
Phrenoparal'ysis (phren, mind, paralysis'). Paraly- 
sis of the brain. See Paralysis. 
Phrenopath, fren'o-path. Psychiater; one who 
treats diseases of the mind. 
Phrenopathi'a. Mental disease. P. aethe'rea, en- 
cephalic phenomena induced by inhalation of ether. 
Phrenopathic, fren-o-path'ik. One who is insane. 
Phrenop'athy (phren, mind, pathos, affection). 
Mental alienation. See Phrenica. 
Phrenoplegia, fren-o-ple'je-ah (phren, plesso, to 
stun). Sudden mental failure; paralysis of the brain. 
Phrenoplexia, fren-o-pleks'e-ah. Ecstatic condi- 
tion. 
Phrenorthosis, fren-or-tho'sis. Eight condition of 
mind; orthophreny. 
Phrenosin, fren'os-in. Nitrogenized substance ob- 
tained from white cerebral matter. 
Phreno,'sis. Phrenopathy. 
Phrenosplen'ic. Eelating to the diaphragm and 
spleen; splenophrenic. 
Phrenotherapy, fren-o-ther'ap-e. Psychiatry or 
treatment of mental diseases. 
Phren'sy. Phrenitis, or delirium associated with it. 
Phricas'mus, Phri'ce, Phri'cla, or Phriciasis, frik- 
e'as-is. Shivering from emotion ; horripilation. 
860 
PHTHISIOLOGY 
Phrico'des (fe'bris) (phrike, shivering, odes'). Fever 
in which the chill is very intense and prolonged. 
Phricogen, frik'o-gen. Material producing cold. 
Phronemophobia, fro-ne-mo-fo'be-ah (phroneo, to 
think, phobos, fear). Morbid dread of thought. 
Phronesis, frou-a'sis (phroneo, to think). Reason. 
Phron'tis. Thought or reason. 
Phryg'ius (la'pis). An earthy matter found in 
Phrygia and Cappadocia, and formerly employed as 
an astringent. 
Phthar'ma call'go (phtharma, anything spoiled). 
Caligo. P. catarac'ta, cataract. P. glauco'ma, glau- 
coma. 
Phtharsls, thar'sis. Decomposition ; corruption. 
Phthar'ticus (phtheiro, to destroy). Deleterious; 
deadly. 
Phtheir, thire. Pediculus or louse. 
Phtheirsemia, thire-e'me-ah (phtheiro, to corrupt, 
haima, blood). State in which the plastic powers of 
the blood are deteriorated. 
Phtheiriacus, thire-e'ak-us. Lousy or relating to 
phtheiriasis. 
Phtheiriasic, thire-e-as'ik. Phtheiriacus. 
Phtheiri'asis or Phthiri'asis (phtheir, a louse). 
Lousiness, Lousy disease. A disease which consists in 
the excessive multiplication of lice, Pediculi tabescen- 
tium, on the human body, under conditions in which 
it does not ordinarily take place, and in spite of 
cleanliness. Simple and medicated baths have been 
recommended for its removal; lotions of decoction or 
infusion of tobacco and stavesacre, mercurial fric- 
tions, etc. P. cilio'rum, lousiness of the eyelashes. 
P. palpebra'rum, P. of the eyelashes; P. ciliorum. 
P. supercilio'rum, lousiness of the eyebrows. 
Phtheir'ium. Delphinium staphisagria. 
Phtheirius, thire'e-us. Crab louse. See Pediculus. 
P. inguina'lis or P. pu'bis, the favorite habitats of 
this louse are the hairy parts of the genitals; it is 
met with, however, on the hairy part of the chest, in 
the axillae, and on the eyebrows. 
Phtheiroc'tonum (phtheir, kteino, to kill). Delphin- 
ium staphisagria. 
Phthi'nas. Phthisis. 
Phthino'des. Phthisicus. 
Phthinoplasm, te'no-plasm (phthino, to waste, plasso, 
to form). Degradation of the natural bioplasm or 
germinal matter, chiefly in the lungs and lymphatic 
system, with a low-lived but proliferating matter, 
which clogs and irritates the tissues and involves 
them in its disintegration and destruction. It is thus 
a substitute for the word tubercle, which is inappli- 
cable to all the forms of degeneration causing phthisis. 
Phthinoporinous, te-no-por-e'nus. Autumnal. 
Phthinopo'ron (phthino, to decay, opora, beginning 
of autumn). See Autumn. 
Phthinosis, te-no'sis (phthino, to waste). Decay or 
waste, as the phthinosis of plasms in phthisis pulmo- 
nalis. 
Phthiri'asis. Malis; phtheiriasis. 
Phthir'ium scab'iei. See Psora. 
Phthir'ius. Antiparasitic. P. inguina'lis, pedic- 
ulus pubis. 
Phthiroc'tonus (phtheiro, to destroy, teknon, child). 
Abortive. 
Phthises, te'sees (phthio, to waste away). Diseases 
attended with ulceration, hectic fever, and emacia- 
tion. 
Phthisic, tiz'ik. Phthisis; also a slight tickling 
cough. 
Phthisical, tiz'ik-al. Phthisicus. 
Phthis'ici (mor'bi). Tubercular diseases. 
Phthis'icus. Phthisical, Tisical. Belonging to 
phthisis; also one laboring under phthisis or who is 
consumptive. P. sa'lax, individual with strong sex- 
ual passion caused by phthisis. 
Phthisinoid, tiz'in-oid. Form of long and flat chest, 
associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, having a short 
antero-posterior diameter, prominent scapulae, depres- 
sion of spaces above and below the clavicles, etc. 
Phthisiol'ogy (phthisis, logos, discourse). Treatise 
on phthisis. PHTHISIOPHOBIA 
Phthisiophobia, tiz-e-o-fo'be-ah. Morbid fear of 
phthisis. 
Phthisio'sus. Affected with phthisis. 
Phthisiotherapy, tiz-e-o-ther'ap-e. Therapeutic 
treatment of phthisis pulmonalis. 
Phthisipneumonia, tiz-e-nu-mo'ne-ah. Phthisis pul- 
monalis. 
Phthisis, te'sis (phthio, to waste away). Consumption, 
Decline, Phthisic, Tisic. In a general sense, progressive 
emaciation; it is usually, however, restricted to phthi- 
sis pulmonalis. Tuberculosis; pulmonary tuberculosis. 
P. acu'ta, galloping consumption; see Phthisis pulmo- 
nalis. P., albu'minous, see Phthisis pulmonalis. P., 
black, miner's asthma; see Anthracosis and P., carbon- 
aceous. P., bronch'ial, phthisis occasioned by the pres- 
sure of enlarged tuberculous bronchial glands, which 
not infrequently communicate with caverns in the 
lungs or with the bronchia. P. bul'bi, wasting of the 
eyeball, the result of inflammation of the internal 
membranes of the eye, usually a purulent irido-cho- 
roiditis. Von Graefe described a form of essential 
wasting of the ball under the name essential phthisis 
bulbi, in which there is sudden and marked reduction 
in tension without any pathological change in the in- 
terior of the eye, the ball gradually returning to the 
normal pressure. P. calculo'sa, lithiasis pulmonum; 
formation of calculous concretions in the lungs. 
P., can'cerous, Medullary or Encephaloid tumor of the 
lung; cancer of the lung, which gives rise to car- 
cinomatous phthisis. P., carbona'ceous, miner's 
asthma; anthracosis. P., catar'rhal, see Phthisis pul- 
monalis. P., coal-mi'ner's, anthracosis. P. consum- 
mat'a, see P. pulmonalis. P., cot'ton, see Pneumonia, 
cotton. P. dorsa'lis, tabes dorsalis. P., dys- 
pep'tic, see Phthisis pulmonalis. P. exulcera'ta, P. 
pulmonalis. P. fa'brum molario'rum, millstone- 
maker's phthisis. P., fi'broid, see Phthisis pulmonalis 
and Cirrhosis of the lung. P. flor'Ida, see Phthisis, 
acute. P., gas'trie, see Phthisis pulmonalis. P. ab 
hsemop'tbe, see Phthisis pulmonalis. P., hemorrhagic, 
see Phthisis pulmonalis. P. hepat'ica, hepatophthisis. 
P. ischiad'ica, wasting from suppuration of the hip- 
joint. P. larynge'a, Laryngeal phthisis or Consump- 
tion ; tuberculosis of the larynx, a similar affection 
seated in the trachea. P., mam'mary, atrophy of 
the mammary gland, usually the result of suppura- 
tion after inflammation. P. mesera'ica, tabes mesen- 
terica. P., mill'stone-mak'er's, see Millstone-mak- 
er's. P. muco'sa, see Bronchorrhoea. P. nodo'sa, 
P. pulmonalis. P. no'tias, tabes dorsalis. P. pitui- 
to'sa, see Bronchorrhoea. P., placen'tal, see Pla- 
cental. P., pneumonic, see Phthisis pulmonalis. P. 
pulmonalis or P. pulmo'num, Tuberculous or Tuber- 
cular disease of the lungs, Pulmonary consumption, Con- 
sumption, C. of the lungs, Decline, Phthisic. Pulmonary 
tuberculosis, an infective disease of the lungs caused 
by the bacillus tuberculosis. See Bacillus tuberculosis. 
The lesions are characterized by nodular bodies called 
tubercles, or diffuse infiltration of tuberculous tissue, 
which undergo caseation or sclerosis, and may finally 
ulcerate or in some situations calcify (Osler). Three 
chief clinical groups may be recognized : (1) Tuber- 
culo-pneumonic p., acute phthisis; (2) chronic ulcerative 
p.; (3) fibroid p. According to the mode of infection 
there are two distinct types of lesions: (a) when the 
bacilli reach the lungs through the blood-vessels, the 
primary lesion is usually in the tissues of the alveolar 
walls, in the capillaries, epithelium of air-cells, and 
connective-tissue framework of septa; (&) when 
through the bronchi-inhalation tuberculosis-the 
smaller bronchi and bronchioles are more exten- 
sively affected ; the process is not confined to single 
groups of alveoli, but has a more lobular arrangement, 
and tuberculous masses from the outset are large, more 
diffuse, and may in some cases involve an entire lobe 
or greater part of a lung. Until recently the view 
has been universal that pulmonary phthisis consists 
in the formation of tubercles in the lungs, which 
sooner or later soften and break down. According to 
the nomenclature of the Eoyal College of Physicians 
of London, phthisis now includes two general varie- 
861 
PHTHISIS 
ties: 1. As allied to scrofula : general constitutional 
disease with or without scrofula, Tuberculo-pneumonia 
and Tubercular phthisis; 2. Destructive disintegration 
of pulmonary tissue, having its source in chronic or 
acute pneumonia, Acute and Chronic pneumonic phthisis. 
According to the most recent theories of the nature 
of phthisis pulmonalis, the affection may occur in 
non-tuberculous persons, who may never become 
tuberculous ; it may be caused by chronic inflamma- 
tory processes in the lungs, such as bronchial catarrh, 
and especially chronic catarrhal pneumonia, etc., 
which is preceded by bronchitis, the air-cells and 
smaller air-cells being next involved and filled with 
the products of the inflammatory processes. The 
solid structures may gradually undergo a cheesy or 
caseous degeneration (see Tyrosis) and become soft- 
ened. Phthisis may be also excited by haemoptysis, 
Phthisis ab hsemoptoe, inducing lobular pneumonia. 
The yellow cheesy tuberculous matter is frequently 
not tubercle, but merely a product of .disintegration. 
The following table (Aitken) affords an exposition 
of some of the views on this subject, and of the 
variety of diverse affections productive of ulceration 
and destruction of the tissue of the lungs included 
under the generic name of phthisis: 
1. Tubercular, spe- 
cific, or granular 
phthisis. 
The true gray granulation. Pig- 
mentary tubercle. Fibrous tubercle. 
„ Cellular tubercle. 
2. Scrofulous or 
epithelial phthi- 
sis. 
Primitive yellow tubercle; accumu- 
lation, cheesy degeneration, and dis- 
, integration of epithelium-like cells. 
3. Catarrhal or 
bronchial phthi- 
sis. 
Ulceration of bronchi, with adja- 
cent fibroid and cellular deposits, and 
cheesy degeneration of the same. 
Disintegration of recent or old de- 
posits, occurring in vesicular, lobular, 
or lobar pneumonia, primary or sec- 
r ondary, common or scrofulous. 
4. Pneumonic phthi- 
sis. 
5. Fibrous phthisis 
(cirrhosis, 
chronic or in- 
terstitial pneu- 
monia). 
Fibroid deposits, with cheesy de- 
generation of imprisoned portion of 
lung,due to: 1. Mechanical irritation 
(as in grinders, miners, masons, etc.); 
2. Rheumatic inflammation of inter- 
lobular tissue; 3. Chronic pleurisy; 
4. Constitutional states, as in gran- 
ular kidney and liver. 
Circumscribed or diffuse cellular 
formations composed of lardaceous 
material. 
6. Lardaceous phthi- 
sis. 
7. Syphilitic phthi- 
sis. 
Cheesy disintegration of nodules of 
nucleo-fibrous tissue, and diffuse in- 
filtration of the same. 
Cheesy degeneration and disinte- 
gration of nodules of extravasated 
blood. 
8. Hemorrhagic 
phthisis. 
9. Embolic phthisis 
(including py- 
aemic deposits 
and suppura- 
tions). 
Cheesy degeneration and disinte- 
gration of gray or yellow deposits, 
arising directly or indirectly from 
pulmonary emboli coming from the 
liver, lymphatics, or veins. 
The chief symptoms of Tubercular phthisis or Phthisis 
pulmonalis are the following: A sense of uneasiness 
in the chest, severe fits of coughing, or short and 
dry cough with dyspnoea, becoming troublesome, 
especially in the morning, and dyspnoea increased 
on exertion. The expectoration is evidently puru- 
lent, with fever in the evening, circumscribed red- 
ness of the cheeks, wasting and colliquative sweats 
early in the morning-Phthisis consummata, Pneu- 
mophthisis. In the third stage the hectic is constant, 
with small pulse, pungent heat, colliquative sweats, 
diarrhoea, and exhaustion. In some cases the symp- 
toms run their course so rapidly as to constitute what 
is popularly known as Galloping consumption, Phthisis 
florida. Physical signs: 1. In the first stage, whilst 
there are yet scattered miliary tubercles, there is 
sometimes a want of freedom in the movements under 
one or both clavicles. Percussion will generally dis- 
cover a slight diminution of sound corresponding to 
the summit of one lung; auscultation shows that the 
inspiratory murmur is weaker, rougher, or confused. 
The sound of expiration is more distinct. The voice 
and cough are rather more resonant, and wheezing or 
mucous rales are occasionally heard in the same re- 
gion. 2. When the tubercular deposition has become PHTHISIS-WEED 
more abundant, the motion of the chest is more 
markedly diminished. Loss of sound on percussion 
is more distinct, inspiration on auscultation is bron- 
chial, expiration louder and more superficial, and the 
resonance of the voice and cough is increased. The 
rest of the lung is perhaps healthy, or the respiration 
may be puerile. 3. When the tubercles are under- 
going softening, in addition to the preceding signs, 
auscultation exhibits a subcrepitant rale around the 
apex of the lung, decreasing from above downward. 
It is most distinct during or after the cough and at 
the close of a deep inspiration. Soon the bubbling 
becomes successively larger, and ultimately gurgling 
is heard. The inspiration and expiration are cavern- 
ous or tracheal. The voice and cough indicate unusual 
resonance and pectoriloquy. The intercostal spaces 
are often depressed locally, and percussion may be- 
come gradually clearer and even tympanitic as the 
cavern increases. Usually tubercular phthisis is in- 
herited. It is more a disease of the temperate regions, 
where its pathology is often intimately allied with 
that of scrofula; ulceration of the lungs does not then 
readily heal, and hectic fever is established, ending 
in death. 
If removal to a climate in which air and exercise 
can be daily enjoyed during the autumnal, winter, 
and spring months be impracticable, the patient must 
be kept in a regulated temperature, the chamber 
being duly ventilated, and proper exercise in the 
open air used whenever the atmosphere, although 
cold, is dry. The other palliative indications will 
be to moderate inflammatory action, support the 
strength, and palliate urgent symptoms. 
Phthisis which is characterized in the early stages 
by various deranged states of the digestive organs, 
the epigastric region more or less full and tender on 
pressure, etc., is called Dyspeptic phthisis or consump- 
tion, Gastric phthisis. Writers have also described 
albuminous, catarrhal, and hemorrhagic phthisis, fe- 
brile phthisis, senile phthisis or consumption, etc. 
Phthisis pulmona'lis purulen'ta exulcera'ta, 
phthisis pulmonalis. P. pulmona'lis scrofulo'sa, 
phthisis pulmonalis. P. pulmona'lis tuberculo'sa, 
phthisis pulmonalis. P. pulmona'lis tuber'culo- 
ulcera'ta, phthisis pulmonalis. P. pulmona'lis ve'- 
ra, phthisis pulmonalis. P. pupil'lse, synezisis. P. 
pupillar'is, smallness of the pupil, often permanent, 
and the result of iritis. P., re'nal, wasting of the 
kidney from inflammation, etc. P. scrophulo'sa, 
phthisis pulmonalis. P. sic'ca, tabes dorsalis. P. 
tuberculo'sa, phthisis pulmonalis. P. uteri'na, wast- 
ing from ulceration of the uterus. P. vesica'lis, 
wasting from ulceration of the bladder. 
Phthisis-weed. Ludwigia palustris. 
Phthisu'ria (phthisis, ouron, urine). Diabetes. 
Phtho'e. Phthisis. 
Phthoicus, tho'ik-us. Phthisical. 
Phthois, tho'is. Pastil; trochiscus. 
Phthois'cus. Pastil; trochiscus. 
Phthongodysphoria, thon-go-dis-for'e-ah (phthon- 
gos, a cry, dusphoria, impatience). Excessive sensi- 
bility of the organ of hearing. 
Phthora, tho'ra (phthora, destruction). Abortion; 
corruption; plague. 
Phtho'ric. Causing corruption. P. acid, hydroflu- 
oric acid. 
Phtho'rius (phthora, destruction). Abortive. 
Phthoroc'tonus (phthora, destruction, teknon, child). 
Abortive; foeticide. 
Phu. Valeriana phu. 
Phucagos'tris mi'nor. Pila marina. 
Phus'ca. Mixture of vinegar and water. 
Phy'cit. Kind of sugar obtained from alga Pro- 
tococcus vulgaris. 
Phycocystitis, fik-o-sis-te'tis. Capsulitis. 
Phycoerythrin, fik-o-er'ith-rin. Bed coloring mat- 
ter contained in certain algae. 
Phycology, fl-kol'o-je. Botany relating to algae. 
Phycomyces, fik-om'e-seez. Genus of Mucorini. 
Phyganthro'pia (phugo, to flee, anthropos, man). 
Misanthropia. 
862 
PHYM ATORRHISIN 
Phygantrus, fig-an'trus (phugo, to flee, antrum, 
antrum of Highmore). Applied to skulls in which 
line let fall upon radius fixus from most projecting 
point of torus frontalis falls behind that let fall from 
nasion by from 6 to 10 mm. (Lissauer). 
Phygeth'lon. Inflammation of the superficial lym- 
phatic glands, especially of the axilla, not ending in 
suppuration. A boil. 
Phygoedema, fig-e-de'ma (phuge, flight, oedema). 
Transient swelling or inflation met with in nervous 
or hysterical persons; wandering cedema. 
Phygogalac'tics (phuge, flight, gala, milk). Dis- 
persers of the milk. Medicines that arrest its secre- 
tion. 
Phygometopus, fig-o-met-o'pus (phugo, metopon, 
forehead). Applied to skulls in which line drawn 
from bregma to nasal point makes with radius fixus 
an angle of 8° to 33.5° (Lissauer). 
Phygopisthius, fig-o-pis'the-us (phugo, opisthe, be- 
hind). Applied to skulls in which line drawn 
through lambda and inion makes with radius fixus 
an angle of 106° to 127° (Lissauer). 
Phygoprosopus, fig-o-pros-o'pus (phugo, prosopon, 
face). Applied to skulls in which line drawn from 
nasion to alveolar point makes with radius fixus an 
angle of 38° to 66.5° (Lissauer). 
Phygorrhinus, fig-or-rhe'nus (phugo, rhis, nose). 
Applied to skulls in which line drawn between nasion 
and subnasal point makes with radius fixus an angle 
of 36° to 66.5° (Lissauer). 
Phylact. An amulet; a prophylactic. 
Phylacterion, fil-ak-ta're-on (phulax, a guard). 
Amulet; prophylactic. 
Phylacte'rium (phulax, a guard). Phylactery. 
Phylaxins, fil-aks'inz. See Proteids. 
Phyllactis coarctata, fil-lak'tis ko-ark-tat'ah. 
Plant of Peru possessing antispasmodic and vulner- 
ary properties. 
Phyllan'thus dis'ticha (phullon, leaf, anthos, flower). 
Ord. Euphorbiacese. Country gooseberry; East Indian 
tree; leaves are sudorific; root has active cathartic 
virtues, and seeds are purgative. P. multiflo'rus, 
plant of East India, having root with alterative prop- 
erties. P. urina'ria, Binkohumba. plant employed in 
Ceylon as a diuretic. 
Phyllax'is. Conservation. 
Phyllerythrin, fil-er'ith-rin. Phylerythrin. 
Phyllon, fil'lon. Medicinal aromatic leaf. 
Phyllosteophytum, fil-os-te-o-fe'tum (phullon, leaf, 
osteon, bone, phuo, to grow). Laminated osteophyte. 
Phylloxanthin, fil-loks-an'thin. Yellow coloring 
principle united with phyllocyanin to make up 
chlorophyll. 
Phylloxera, fil-oks'er-ah. Species of Aphidse which 
produce excrescences known as galls by puncturing 
the under side of leaves to deposit their ova. P. 
vasta'trix, grapevine louse, which inflicts much 
damage on vineyards. 
Phylogen'esis. Philogeny. 
Phylogenetic, fil-o-jen-et'ik. Pertaining to phyl- 
ogeny. 
Phylogeny, fil-oj'en-e (phulon, a race, gennao, to 
produce). Evolutionary history, genesis of race, as 
opposed to ontogeny, development of the individual. 
Phy'ma (phuo, to grow). By the ancients this 
word was used with great latitude ; sometimes in the 
sense of phlegmon, for tumors larger than a boil, and 
perfectly suppurative; also at a later day to include 
erysipelas, oedema, phlegmon, emphysema, scirrhus, 
etc., and even hordeolum, furunculus, sycosis, and 
anthrax. Tubercle. P. an'thrax, anthrax. P. an'- 
thrax termin'thus, terminthus. P., fi'cous, sycosis. 
P. hordeo'lum, hordeolum. P. lu'pus, lupia cancrosa. 
P. per'nio, frost-bite. P. syco'sis, sycosis. P. verru- 
co'sa, verruca. 
Phymato'des. Affected with phymata. 
Phy'matoid (phyma, eidos, resemblance). State of 
cancerous tissue in which the dull yellow hue and 
the consistence are like those of tubercle. Tubercular. 
Phymatorrhisin, fe-mat-or'rhis-in. Black granular 
pigment obtained from melanotic sarcoma. PHYMATOSES 
Phymato'ses (phyma, osis). Scrofulous or tubercu- 
lous diseases. 
Phymatosis, fe-mat-o'sis. Excrescence; elephanti- 
asis. P. ac'ne, gutta rosea. P. cer'ebri, encephalo- 
phyma. P. elephantiasis, elephantiasis. P. lu'pus, 
lupus. P. pulmo'num, see Tubercle. P. verruco'sa, 
verruca. 
Phymocnidosis, fe-mok-ne-do'sis (phyma, knidosis, 
itching). Urticaria. 
Phymolepra, fe-mo-lep'rah. Tubercular leprosy. 
Phymo'sis. Phimosis. 
PhypelTa. Phygethlon. 
Phyrama, fir-am'ah. Ancient gum resembling gum 
ammoniac. 
Physa, fe'zah (phusa, wind). Crepitation; flatu- 
lence ; bulla. 
Physago'ga (phusa, wind, ago, to carry off). Car- 
minatives. 
Physaliderysipelas, fis-al-id-er-e-sip'el-as (phusalis, 
bladder or vesicle, erusipelas). Form of erysipelas in 
which bull® occur. 
Physaiides (pl. of Phusalis, bladder). See Physal- 
iphores. 
Physalidocnidosis, fis-al-id-ok-nid-o'sis (phusalis, 
knidosis, itching). Urticaria bullosa. 
Phy'salin. Amorphous bitter principle of physalis 
alkekengi (phusalis, bladder, referring to the inflated 
calyx). 
Physal'iphores (phusalis, bladder, phoreo, to carry). 
In endogenous new formations there are cells con- 
taining vesicles, the vesicular cavities being called 
physaiides or brood-cavities, and in the interior of the 
cellular elements which they contain elements of a 
similar kind are developed. 
Phy'salis alkeken/gi. Strawberry tomato; winter- 
cherry ; European; naturalized in U. S. P. halica- 
cabum, physalis. P. obscu'ra, P. viscosa. P. Penn- 
sylvan'ica, P. viscosa. P. pubes'cens, P. viscosa. P. 
stramo'nium, Anisodus luridus. P. visco'sa, ground 
cherry; indigenous; berries are diuretic. 
Physasth'ma. Asthma with emphysema. 
Phys'ce. Abdomen; colon. 
Phys'cia Islan'dica. Lichen Islandicus. P. niva'- 
lis, Lichen caninus. 
Physconia, fis-ko'ne-ah (phuskon, the paunch). Pot- 
belly, Pendulous abdomen, Swagbelly. A generic term com- 
prising every large solid tumor developed in the abdo- 
men. Hyposarca; excessive corpulency. P. adipo'sa, 
accumulation of fat in the intestines. P. bilio'sa, 
distension of the gall-bladder with bile. P. emphy- 
semat'ica, accumulation of air in the areolar tissue 
or between the coats of particular viscera. P. lie'nis, 
tumor of the spleen. P. mesenter'ica, tabes mesen- 
terica. P. splen'ica, ague-cake. P. strumo'sa, tumid 
abdomen from scrofulous enlargement of the glands. 
Physeche'ma (phusa, wind, echema, sound). Bruit 
de soufllet. 
Physech'os or Physechus, fis-ek'us (phusa, echo). 
Vesicular murmur. 
Physe'ma. Tympanites. Emphysematous tumor. 
Physe'sis (phusao, to inflate). An emphysematous 
tumor. Tympanites. 
Physe'ter macroceph'alus (phuseter, one that 
blows, makros, large, kephale, head). Spermaceti 
whale. See Cetaceum. 
Physiasiologia, fiz-e-az-e-o-loj'e-ah (phusis, nature, 
Asia, Asia, logos, description). The vis medicatrix 
naturae in the treatment of Asiatic cholera. 
Physiatreusiologia, fiz-e-at-ru-se-o-loj'e-ah (phusis, 
nature, iatreusis, medical treatment, logos, doctrine). 
Doctrine of powers of medicine. 
Physiatrice, fiz-e-at'ris-e (physis, iatreia, treatment). 
Vis medicatrix naturae. 
Physiatrics, fiz-e-at'riks. Part of medicine re- 
lating to therapeutical application of physical forces, 
such as heat, light, electricity, etc. 
Physiautocrasy, fls-e-aw-tok'ra-se (physis, autos, 
self, kratos, power). Vis medicatrix naturae. 
Physiautother'apy (physis, autos, self, therapeia, 
treatment). Vis medicatrix naturae. Expectant 
treatment. 
863 
5 PHYSIOLOGY 
Phys'ic (physis). Medicament. Medicina. To 
physic is to administer medicine, and, at times, to 
purge. Also science and art of medicine. P., In'- 
dian, Euphorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata. P. 
nut, Jatropha curcas. P. root, Leptandra purpurea. 
Phys'ical. Pertaining to physics, to matter in 
mass, and forces acting on it. P. education, training 
of the body by means of gymnastic exercises, etc. P. 
examina'tion, examination of appearances, dimen- 
sions, sounds, etc. presented by a patient. P. signs, 
those derived from physical examination. 
Physician, fiz-ish'an (p/iusifcos, an investigator of 
nature). Properly, one who has received his degree 
from an incorporated institution as doctor of medicine 
or has been licensed to practise medicine; but often 
applied in the United States to any one who practises 
physic. The French formerly used the word physicien 
in the same sense. It is now appropriated by them to 
the natural philosopher. Physicist has the latter signi- 
fication. P. accoucheur', accoucheur. P., a'lienist, 
one who treats mental diseases. P., hotan'ical, herb 
doctor. P., fam'ily, one regarded as the regular at- 
tendant on a family. P. priest, see Asclepiadee. 
Phys'icist (physis). See Physician. 
Physico-chemical, fiz'ik-o-kem'i-kal. Physical and 
chemical at the same time. 
Phys'ics, med'ical. latrophysics. Physics directly 
applied to medicine-to the explanation of the vital 
phenomena, the preservation of the individual, or the 
treatment of disease. 
Physicus, fiz'ik-us. Physician. 
Physiogeny, fiz-e-oj'en-e (phusis, nature, gennao, to 
produce). 
Physiog'nomist. One who busies himself espe- 
cially with, or pretends to be versed in, physiognomy. 
Physiognomon'ic (physis, gnome, knowledge). Ee- 
lating to physiognomy. 
Physiognomy, fiz-e-og'no-me (physis, gnome, know- 
ledge). Physiognomony, Metoposcopy. The art of know- 
ing the dispositions of men from their external appear- 
ance, especially from the features. Every inference 
of this kind must necessarily be extremely fallacious, 
and cannot be reduced to rule, as was attempted by 
Lavater and others. In infantile diseases numerous 
shades of expression are evident which experience 
teaches us to appreciate, and which afford guides in 
understanding the pathology of that period of life. 
Physiolog'ia pathogenet'ica. See Pathogenetic. 
Physiological. Eelating or belonging to phys- 
iology. P. anat'omy, see Anatomy. P. an'tidote, one 
which when administered to a healthy person pro- 
duces effects opposite to those produced by the poison 
for which it is administered. P. doc'trine, Broussa- 
ism. P. salt solu'tion, see Salt solution. P. test, 
trial by its physiological action upon animals of a 
substance suspected of being poisonous; see Atropia, 
Strychnia, etc. 
Physiologice, fiz-e-o-loj'is-e. Physiology. 
Physiologico-histological, fiz-e-o-loj'ik-o-his-to-loj'- 
ik-al. Eelating to physiological and histological 
structure of parts. 
Physiol'ogism. Abuse of physiology. The im- 
proper application of physiological data to the theory 
of disease. 
Physiol'ogist. One who occupies himself specially, 
or is well acquainted, with physiology. 
Physiology, fiz-e-ol'o-je (phupis, nature, logos, de- 
scription). Science of vital phenomena of organisms 
and their relations to chemical and physical laws. 
General p. treats of the general laws of life; Special, 
of the nature and functions of particular organs, as 
heart, lungs, etc. It is called zobphysiology or zoobi- 
ology, animal physiology, and phytophysiology or phy- 
tobiology, vegetable physiology, according as it con- 
siders the life of animals or of vegetables singly. Com- 
parative physiology comprises both. To the latter be- 
longs the physiology of man, human physiology, called 
also hygienic physiology, to distinguish it from path- 
ological physiology or pathology. P., cell'ular, physi- 
ology treating of anatomical elements. P., patho- 
genet'ic, see Pathogenetic. PHYSIOLYSIS 
Physiolysis, fiz-e-ol'is-is (physis, luo, to dissolve). 
Process of natural decomposition of organic matter 
by oxidation, putrefaction, etc. 
Physio-medicalism, fiz'e-o-med'e-kal-izm. Eclectic 
and Thomsonian doctrines combined. 
Physion'omy. Physiognomy. Natural philosophy. 
Physiophilosophia, fiz-e-o-fil-o-sof'e-ah. Physics. 
Physiotherapia, fiz-e-o-ther-ap-e'ah. Expectant 
treatment. 
Physique, fiz-eek'. Natural constitution; corporeal 
form; personal endowments. 
Phy'sis. Nature. 
Phy'so (phusa, air). In composition, air. 
Physocele, fiz-o-se'le (Eng. fiz'o-seel) (physo, kele, 
tumor). Pneumatocele. Emphysematous tumor of the 
scrotum; probably a case of intestinal hernia contain- 
ing much flatus. See Pneumocele. 
Physocephalus, fiz-o-sef'al-us (physo, kephale, head). 
Emphysematous tumefaction of the head. 
PhysocoeVia (physo, Icoilia, intestines). Tympan- 
ites. 
Physocolica, fiz-o-kol'ik-ah. Flatulent colic. 
Physo'des (phusa, air, odes). Full of air; appar- 
ently full of air-applied to tumors, etc. 
Physodyspnoea, fiz-o-dis-ne'ah. Dyspnoea from em- 
physema. 
Physohsematometra, fiz-o-he-mat-om-e'trah (physo, 
haima, blood, metra, womb). Accumulation of san- 
guineous fluid and gas in the womb. 
Physohydrome'tra (physo, hudor, water, metra, 
uterus). Discharge of watery fluid, mixed with air, 
from the cavity of the uterus. 
Physol'ogy (phusa, flatus, logos, doctrine). Treatise 
on flatulency. 
Physometer, fiz-om'e-tur (phusao, to inflate, metron, 
measure). Instrument for determining variations in 
volume of the confined body of air. 
Physome'tra (physo, metra, the womb). Tympany 
of the womb; Uterine tympanites. A light, tense, cir- 
cumscribed protuberance in the hypogastrium, ob- 
scurely sonorous, with wind occasionally discharged 
through the os uteri with noise. 
Physoncus, fis-on'kus (physo, orikos, swelling). 
Tumefaction from air; emphysema. 
Physopsoph'ia (physo, psophos, noise). Discharge 
of air with noise. 
Physoscheocele, fis-os-ke-o-se'le (Eng. fiz-os'ke-o- 
seel) (physo, osche, scrotum, kele, tumor). Flatulent 
oscheocele. 
Physospas'mus. Flatulent colic. 
Physos'terin. Substance allied to cholesterin, 
found in physostigma. 
Physostigma (fis-o-stig'mah) veneno'sum (physo, 
stigma, in botany, top of the style). Leguminous, 
woody, climbing plant of West Africa. The seed, 
physostigma (Ph. U. S.), is the Calabar bean, ordeal 
bean or nut. It contains alkaloids physostigmine 
or eserine and calabarine; used by the natives in 
trial by ordeal. See Physostigmine. 
Physostig'matine. Eserine. 
Physostig'mia. Physostigmine. 
Physostigmi'na. Physostigmine. 
Physostigmi'nse sal'icylas (Ph. U. S.). Salicylate 
of physostigmine, See Physostigmine. 
Physostig'mine. C15H21N3O2. Eserine. Amorphous 
alkaloid, principle of Calabar bean, used to produce 
contraction of the pupil, internally in paralysis, and 
as an antidote to strychnine and atropine. Powerful 
depressant, nerve-poison; slightly soluble in water, 
soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzol. Bro- 
mine in potassium bromide gives a red color (very del- 
icate) ; most satisfactory test-application to the pupil; 
see Calabar bean, also Poisons and Antidotes (table). 
P. sal'icylate, combination with pure salicylic acid. 
C15H21N.3O2C7H6O3. It is said to be less liable to de- 
composition than other salts of physostigmine; chiefly 
used externally in ophthalmic practice as a mydriatic, 
gr. i-ij to f£j ; internally, in doses gr. in spas- 
modic nervous affections, atonic dyspepsia, and as an 
antidote to strychnia. P. sul'phate, eserine sulphate; 
used particularly by veterinary surgeons in colic. 
864 
PHYTOPARASITE 
Physotho'rax. Pneumothorax. 
Phytal'bumoses. Vegetable albumoses. 
Phytanat'omy (phyton, anatomia). Vegetable anat- 
omy. See Anatomy. 
Phytelepbas (fit-el'e-fas) macrocar'pa (phyton, ele- 
phas, elephant). Tree of South America, elephantasia, 
the dense albumen of whose nut is the vegetable 
ivory, which is as durable and nearly as hard as the 
ivory of the elephant. 
Phytelminthus, fit-el-min'thus (phuton, plant, hel- 
mins, worm). Bothriocephalus. 
Phyterythrin, fit-er'ith-rin. Coloring matter which 
gives to plants and leaves their red color in the fall 
of the year. 
Phyteuma spicatum, fit-u'mah spik-at'um. Euro- 
pean herb, the juice of which is narcotic. 
Phytiatrica, fit-e-at'rik-ah phyton, iatrike, medi- 
cine). Botanic or herb medication. 
Phy'ticus. Vegetative. 
Phy'tiform. Phytoid 
Phytiv'orous (phyto, voro, to devour). Feeding 
or subsisting on vegetables. 
Phy'to. Greek prefix signifying connection with, 
or relation to, vegetable organisms. 
Phytoalopecia, fit-o-al-o-pe'she-ah (phyto, alopecia). 
Porrigo decalvans. 
Phytobiol'ogy (phyto, bios, life, logos, a discourse). 
See Physiology. 
Phytoblast, fi'to-blast (phyto, blastos, sprout). 
Living body containing protoplasm, and of which 
the cell-unit is composed. 
Phytocerosium, fit-o-ser-o'se-um (phyto, keros, wax). 
Wax contained in vegetables. 
Phytochem'istry. See Chemistry. 
Phytocol'la (phyto, kolla, glue). Extractive mat- 
ter obtained from belladonna 
Phytocyst, fi'to-sist (phyto, kustis, cyst). Cyst in 
which the phytoblast is contained. 
Phytodermata, fit-o-dur'mat-ah (phyto, derma, 
skin). Cutaneous diseases dependent on parasitic 
vegetable organisms. 
Phytodermat'ic affec'tions. Phytodermata. 
Phytogenesis, fi-to-jen'es-is. Germination. 
Phytogeography, fi-to-je-og'ra-fe. Geographical 
botany. 
Phytog'raphy (phyto, grapho, to write). Descrip- 
tion of plants. 
Phy'toid (phyto, eidos, appearance). Phytiform. 
Having the form or appearance of a vegetable growth. 
Phytolac'ca decan'dra (phyto, lacca, because the 
color of the juice of the berries resembles that of 
lacca). P. vulgaris. Pokeweed, American nightshade, 
Cancer root, Poke, Skoke, Jucato calleloe, Jalap, Pig- 
eon berry, Jalap cancer root, Red weed, Red nightshade, 
Coakum. Ord. Chenopodeacese. The berries-Phy- 
tolaccae baccse (Ph. U. S.)-and root-Phytolaccse radix 
(Ph. U. S.)-are employed. The young stems, when 
boiled, are sometimes eaten ; but, when old, they must 
be cautiously used, as the plant is emetic and cathartic. 
Pokeweed is employed in chronic rheumatism, and is 
given in the form of tincture of the ripe berries. It 
is also used in cutaneous eruptions, tinea capitis, itch, 
cancerous ulcers, etc. 
Phytolaccic (fi-to-las'ik) ac'id. Amorphous prin- 
ciple separated from phytolacca-berries. 
Phytolaccin, fi-to-lak'kin. Name improperly given 
to powdered alcoholic extract of poke-root; more cor- 
rectly a neutral principle found in it. P. dras'tica, 
species possessing a root with active purgative prop- 
erties. 
Phytology, fi-tol'o-je (phyton, logos, a discourse). 
See Vegetable. P., medical, botany, medical. 
Phytomen'tagra (phyton, mentagra). Sycosis, so 
called on account of the disease of the chin being 
caused by a vegetable micro-organism. 
Phytomyce'tes (phyto, mukes, fungus). Moulds, as 
in putrid urine. 
Phy'ton. Vegetable. 
Phytonomy, fi-ton'om-e. Vegetable physiology. 
Phytopar'asite. A parasite from the vegetable 
kingdom. Epiphyte. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 
Phytopathol'ogy (phyton, pathologia). Properly, the 
pathology of vegetables; but occasionally applied to 
the knowledge of morbid states induced by vegetable 
growths. 
Phytophagous, fit-of'ag-us {phyton, phago, to eat). 
Phytivorous. Feeding or subsisting upon vegetables. 
Phytophthora, fi-tof'thor-ah {phyton, phthora, de- 
struction, corruption). Genus of Fungi. P. infes'- 
tans, fungus causing potato disease. 
Phytophysiology, fl-to-fiz-e-ol'o-je {phyton, physi- 
ologia). Vegetable physiology. See Physiology. 
Phy'toplasm {phyton, plasso, to form). Substance 
in vegetable matters analogous to protoplasm. 
Phytorgan'ica {phyton, organon, an organ). Vege- 
table growths on the living body. 
Phyto'sis {phyton, osis). Porrigo, impetigo. P. an- 
nula'ta, tinea circinata. P. circina'ta, a term em- 
ployed by Mr. E. Wilson for ringworm of the hairless 
skin. P. favo'sa, porrigo favosa. P. ton'surans, 
porriga decalvans. P. versic'olor, tinea versicolor. 
Phytosperm/ata {phyton, sperma, sperm). Par- 
ticles similar to the spermatozoids of animals, ob- 
served in vegetables, and presumed to possess a similar 
agency in reproduction. 
Phytos'terin. Neutral principle obtained from 
physostigmine. 
Phytotomy fi-tot'o-me {phyton, tome, section). Veg- 
etable anatomy. See Anatomy. 
Phytovitellin, fi-to-vit-el'lin. Vegetable vitellin; 
globulin-like body resembling animal vitellin, found 
in seeds of many plants, as in the pumpkin. 
Phytozo'on (phyton, zoon, animal). Lowest class of 
animals, seeming to form a transition between the 
animal and vegetable kingdoms. Zoophyte. 
Phytozooria, fi-to-zo-o're-ah). Protozoa. 
Pia mater (delicate mother), pe'ah mat'er. A very 
delicate membrane which covers the brain immedi- 
ately, penetrates into its anfractuosities, and envelops 
also the cerebellum and the spinal prolongation, etc. 
The exterior pia mater is the portion of membrane 
which covers the exterior of the encephalon and 
faces the arachnoid externally; the interior pia mater 
is that which lines the cerebral fossa, into which it 
penetrates by a cleft situate beween the posterior 
part of the corpus callosum and the fbrnix, and by 
two other fissures, situate between the corpora fim- 
briata and the thalami nervorum opticorum. It con- 
tains a number of granulations similar to the glandulie 
Pacchioni. P. m. tes'tls, tunica vasculosa. P. men'- 
inx, pia mater. P. spina'lis, pia of spinal cord. 
Pial, pe'ah Relating to the pia mater. P. sheath, 
sheath of optic nerve. 
Pi'an. Frambcesia; yaws. 
Pian'oforte-play'er's cramp. Painful spasm of 
muscles of forearm due to excessive piano practice. 
Pi'ans, moth'er of. Mama pian. 
Pi'ar. Fatness. 
Piarhse'mia {piar, haima, blood). Fat in the blood. 
Piarolytic, pe-ar-o-lit'ik {piar, fat, luo, to dissolve). 
Fat decomposing or emulsifying. 
Piarrhse'mia. Piarhaemia. 
Pica, pe'ka. Morbid appetite for unusual articles 
of food. Malacia. P. Africano'rum, Chthonophagia. 
Pic'ac. Euphorbia corollata. 
Picacismus pik-as-iz'mus {pix, pitch). Depilation 
by means of a pitch plaster. 
Pic'amar. Bitter, oily compound found in heavy 
oil of tar. 
Picatio, pik-ah'she-o. Picacismus. 
Picea, pis-e'ah {pix, pitch). Pinus abies. 
Piceaiis, pis-e-al'is. Produced by tar. 
Piceous, pis'e-us. Having the nature of pitch. 
Thick; viscous. 
Pice'rion. Butter. 
Pi'chi. Terebinthinate wood of Fabiana imbricata 
of Chili; has been used in lithiasis, cystitis, and other 
diseases of the bladder, in decoction or in fluid ex- 
tract ; dose of the latter, ITLxv-xxx. 
Pichu'rim beans. The seed-Para nut, sassafras 
nut, puxiri, Brazilian nutmeg-of a tree supposed to 
be Nectandra puchury, puchury, or puchyry of the 
865 
PICROTOXIN 
Brazilians, ord. Lauracese, which grows in Brazil, 
Guiana, Venezuela, and other parts of South Amer- 
ica. They are of an elliptical shape, flat on one 
side, convex on the other; of an aromatic odor be- 
tween that of nutmeg and sassafras; and of a spicy, 
pungent taste. The medical properties are the same 
as those of other aromatics. For the bark, see Pe- 
churim cortex. P. cam'phor, body contained in fat of 
pichurim analogous to laurel camphor. P. fat, mat- 
ter resembling butter occurring in pichurim beans, 
consisting of laurin and pichurim camphor. 
Pick'erelweed, shov'el. Unisema deltifolia. 
Pi'era (pikros, bitter). Pulvis aloes et canellae. 
Picraconine, pik-rak'o-neen. Derivative of pic- 
raconitine by saponification with an alkali. 
Picraconitine, pik-rak-on'it-een. Alkaloid from 
Aconitum napellus, either pre-existing in the plant or 
an accidental product due to method of preparation. 
Picrse'na excel'sa (pikraino, to be bitter). Quassia. 
Picram'nia antides'ma. Shrub of Mexico and West 
Indies; genus of Simarubae; bark-cascara amagra, 
Honduras bark-recommended as an alterative in 
syphilis. P. cilia'ta, native of Brazil; bark used as 
a substitute for cascarilla. 
Picranisic (pik-ran-is'ik) ac'id. Picric acid. 
Pic'ras. Picrate. P. ammo'nlcus, ammonium 
picrate. P. Javan'ica, species of Japan, possessing 
tonic, antidysenteric, and febrifuge properties. P. 
potas'sicus, potassium picrate. 
Picras'ma excel'sa. Picraena excelsa. 
Pic'rate. Salt of picric acid. P. of ammo'nium, 
carbazotate of ammonium. 
Pic'ria. Bitterness. 
Pic'ric ac'id. Carbazotic acid; trinitrophenic, ni- 
trophenisic acid; bright-yellow, inodorous, crystal- 
line substance, having an acid and extremely bitter 
taste, staining organic matter permanently yellow. 
It is obtained by heating a mixture of carbolic and 
strong nitric acids, evaporating, and crystallizing. 
It is used for hardening tissues for microscopic ex- 
amination, as a test for albuminuria, and internally 
as an antiperiodic. P.-a. test, for glycosuria, deep- 
red coloration of picric-acid solution in presence of 
liquor potassae. 
Pic'rin. Bitter substance from Digitalis purpurea, 
said to be identical with digitalin. 
Pic'ris (pikros, bitter). Cichorium intybus. 
Pic'rium spica'tum. Coutoubea alba. 
Picrocar'mine. Staining fluid employed in micro- 
scopical examinations, made by adding picric acid to 
an ammoniacal solution of carmine. 
Picroch'olos (picros, chole, bile). Bilious. 
Picrogly'cion. Peculiar principle isolated from 
dulcamara, having bitter-sweet taste. 
Pic'romel (picros, meli, honey). Bilin. Colorless, 
soft substance, of acrid, bitter, saccharine taste, nau- 
seous smell, and very soluble in water, considered 
to be a bilate of soda. It is not an immediate prin- 
ciple, but a mixture of different substances. It forms 
part of the bile, and is generally classed among the 
animal immediate principles. 
Picrope'gae (picros, pegs, spring). Bitter mineral 
waters from the presence of chloride of magnesium. 
Picropodophyl'lin. A principle found in Podophyl- 
lum peltatum. 
Picropodophyl'lon. Intensely bitter, crystallizable 
compound produced by action of ammonia on podo- 
phyllotoxin; cholagogue, cathartic. 
Pic'ros (pikros, bitter). Bitter. See Amarus. 
Picrotin, pik'ro-tin. One of the constituent prin- 
ciples of picrotoxin. 
Picrotoxin, pik-ro-toks'in (picros, toxikon, poison). 
Picrotoxine. A vegetable alkali discovered in Menisper- 
mum cocculus. Crystallizes in quadrangular, white, 
brilliant, semitransparent prisms, which are exces- 
sively bitter. It is said to be a mixture of picrotox- 
inin, picrotin, auamirtin, and cocculin. A motor stim- 
ulant, bitter tonic, remedy for night-sweats, and par- 
asiticide. Sparingly soluble in water, very soluble in 
alcohol and chloroform. Acts like grape-sugar in 
Trommer's test. See Poisons. Cocculus Indicus owes PICROTOXININ 
its poisonous properties to this principle. A physi- 
ological antidote to opium. 
Picrotox'inin. See Picrotoxin. 
Picrotoxin'um. Picrotoxin. 
Pie'bald skin. Achroma vitiligo; acquired achroma. 
See Pied and Vitiligo. 
Pied ne'gro. Dappling of negroes from partial dis- 
coloration after enervating diseases. 
Piedosa, pe-a-do'sah. Disease similar to dengue 
existing in Spain in the 18th century. 
Piedra, pe-a'drah. Form of trichorrhexis nodosa. 
Pie'plant. Rheum rhaponticum. P., rhu'barb, 
Rheum rhaponticum. 
Piestron, pe-es'tron (piezo, to press). Instrument 
recommended by Hippocrates for breaking the bones 
of the foetal head when too large to be extracted 
otherwise. x 
Piezometer, pe-ez-om'et-ur (piezo, to press, metron). 
Apparatus for estimating compression of gases. 
Pig-back'ed kid'ney. Form of alcoholic renal 
cyanosis from venous congestion. 
Pig'eon ber'ry. Phytolacca decandra. P. lice, Der- 
manyssus avium. P. tree, Aralia spinosa. 
Pig'eon-breast'ed. See .Lordosis. 
Pig'ment. See Pigmentation and Cells, pigment. P., 
blood, see Globules, red. P. cells, see Cell, pigment. 
P. embol'ia, pigmentary embolism. P. liv'er, black- 
ish appearance of the liver after remittent, intermit- 
tent, or cutaneous fevers, from the accumulation of 
pigment matter in its vascular apparatus. P., res'- 
piratory, histohsematin. P. sarco'ma, see Sarcoma. 
P. spot, nsevus. P., u'veal, pigment on posterior 
part of iris, on ciliary processes, and choroid. 
Pigmen'tal (pigmentum). Pigmentary. Having re- 
lation to pigment or coloring matter. P. apparatus, 
apparatus concerned in the coloration of the skin of 
the colored varieties of man. 
Pigmenta'rius. One who makes and sells pigments 
or ointments. 
Pig'mentary. Pigmental. P. degenera'tion, pig- 
mentation. P. or Pigmen'tal em'bolism, condition 
met with in bad cases of malarial fever. Pigment is 
formed in the spleen, whence it is carried to the 
liver, the smaller flakes thence passing into the gen- 
eral circulation, and when deposited in the cutaneous 
capillaries giving a peculiar malarious tint to the skin. 
P. lay'er, outer stratum of the retina, composed of 
pavement epithelium, thickly filled on the inner sur- 
face with pigment. P. mole, nsevus pigmentosum. 
P. nse'vi, see Nsevus. 
Pigmentation. Pigmentary degeneration. Degen- 
eration of tissues in which pigment takes the place of 
their minute elements. 
Pig'ments, bil'iary. See Bile. P., fse'cal, see 
Excrement. P., u'rinary, see Urine. 
Pigmen'tum (pingo, to paint). Paint pigment. P. 
In'dicum, indigo. P. i'odi et o'lei pi'cis, Coster's 
paste. P. ni'grum, see Choroidea tunica. P. uracu, 
terra Orleana. 
Pig'my. Pygmy. 
Pig'nut. Earth-nut, Ground-nut. The bulbous root 
of Bunium bulbocastanum, ord. Umbelliferse. (Called 
pignuts, from the fondness of the pig forthem.) They 
have been considered styptic, and serviceable in atonic 
affections of the kidney. See Bunium bulbocastanum, 
Broom hickory, Carya porcina. 
Pigodidymus, pig-o-did'im-us (puge, buttock, did- 
umos, double). Monster consisting of two bodies con- 
nected about the buttocks. 
Pig's flare. Adeps. 
Pig-ty'phoid. Swine-plague. 
Pig'weed. Chenopodium album; said to be sedative 
and antihemorrhoidal. 
Piitis, pe-e'tis. Inflammation of the pia mater. 
Pikrope'gae. Picropegse. 
Pikropodophyllin, pik-ro-po-do-filTin. Picropo- 
dophyllin. 
Pikrotox'in. Picrotoxin. 
Pi'kry (pikros, bitter). Pulvis aloes et canellae. 
Pila, pe'lah. A ball. Mortar and pestle. P. da- 
ma'rum, segagropila. P. mari'na, certain light, 
866 
PILL 
round, depressed, or oblong masses, inodorous and 
insipid, in which rushes, hairs, and the debris of 
shells are met with. These are found on the seashore, 
and consist chiefly of the roots of Big tangles, Ware, 
Wair, Seaware, Seawrack, Eel grass. Iodine is detected 
in the ashes, which accounts for their success in goitre. 
They have also been given as a vermifuge. P. rupi- 
capra'rum, aegagropila. 
Pi'lar. Pileous; pertaining to or covered with 
hair. P. mus'cles, arrectores pilorum. 
Pila're ma'lum. Trichosis. 
Pilaris, pil-ar'is. Pilar. 
Pilastered, pil-as'tur'd. In anatomy, having a fluted 
appearance. P. fe'mur, condition found in some races, 
in which the backward concavity of the shaft of the 
femur is intensified and the linea aspera prominent. 
Pilatio, pil-ah'she-o (pilus, a hair). Fracture of 
the cranium in which the fissure is narrow and has 
the appearance of a hair-a capillary fissure. 
Pile (pilus). Hair ; hemorrhoid ; also battery. P., 
prostat'ic, state in which the prostate is enlarged 
and hemorrhages take place. 
Pi'lea pu'mila (pilus, a hair). Richweed, Clearweed, 
Coolweed ; indigenous; ord. Urticaceae; has been used 
as a wash in poisoning by rhus; it has a strong grate- 
ful smell. 
Pile'olum (dim. of Pileus). Aponeurosis of occipito- 
frontalis muscle. 
Pile'olus (pilus, a hair). Pilose, Pilous, Pilar. That 
which relates to hair; hairy. P. sys'tem of Bichat 
is that formed by the hair; it comprises the different 
species of hair of the human body. 
Piles. See Hsemorrhois. P., bleed'ing, see iAemor- 
rhois. P., blind, caecae haemorrhoides; see Heemor- 
rhois. P., o'pen, see Hsemorrhois. 
Pil'eus (pileos, a hat, cap, or bonnet for the head). 
Pileolus. A shield ; a nipple-like instrument formed 
of various materials, and used by females for protect- 
ing the nipple during the child's sucking, when the 
part is painful; also a caul; cucupha. P. Hippocrat'- 
icus, capeline bandage. 
Pile'wort. Ranunculus acris and R. ficaria. 
Pi'li (pl. of Pilus) ana'les. See Anal. P. cap'itis, 
see Capillus. P. cibo'tii, hairs of fern, Cibotium Baro- 
metz; used as styptic in haemorrhage from wounds. 
P. cu'tis, lanugo. P. gossyp'ii, cotton. P. palpe- 
bra'rum, cilia. P. pudendo'rum, hair of the pubes. 
P. subaxillar'es, hair under the axillae. 
Piliferous, pi-lif'er-us (pili, hairs, fero, to bear). 
Pile- or hair-bearing, as a piliferous cyst-one con- 
taining hair. 
Filiform, pi'le-form (pilus, hair, forma, form). 
Having the form of a hair. 
Pilimictio, pil-e-mik'she-o (pili, hairs, mingo, mictum, 
to urinate). See Trichiasis. . 
Pill. Pilula; medicine in small globular mass that 
may be swallowed without mastication. P., Ab'er- 
nethy's, see Pilulse hydrargyri. P. of aloes and cam- 
boge, pilulae aloes et cambogiae. P. of aloes and cin- 
cho'na, pilulae aloes et kinae kinae. P. of aloes and 
col'ocynth, pilulae aloes et colocynthidis. P. of aloes 
and fetid gums, pilulae de aloe et foetidis. P. of aloes 
and gin'ger, pilulae aloes et zingiberis. P. of aloes and 
iron, pilulae aloes et ferri. P. of aloes and mas'tich, 
pilulae aloes et mastiches. P., aloes and myrrh, pilulae 
aloes et myrrhae. P., aloet'ic, pilulae aloeticae. P., 
aloet'ic and asafce'tida, pilulae aloes et asafcetida. P., 
aloet'ic, com'pound, pilulae aloes compositae. P. of 
ammo'niuret of cop'per, pilulae ammoniureti cupri. 
P., analept'ic, James', see Analeptica. P., An'derson's, 
see Pilules aloes et jalapse. P., an'odyne, pilulae opiatae. 
P., antibil'ious, pilulae antibiliosae. P., antibil'ious, 
Barclay's, pilulae antibiliosae. P., asafce'tida, pilulae 
asafcetida. P., Asiat'ic, pilulae Asiaticae. P.,Bacher's, 
pilulae ex helleboro et myrrha. P. of Barbadoes aloes, 
see Pilulse aloes. P., Barbaros'sa's, Barbarossae pilulae. 
P., Barthez's, see Aloes et myrrha. P., Bec'querel's, 
Gout pills of Becquerel, are formed of quiniae sulph., 5ij; 
ext. digit., gr. xv; semin. colchic. pulv., J)ij > made into 
fifty pills; dose, one to three pills. Debout's pills are 
said to have a like composition. P., Belloste's, in the PILL 
French Codex, are made of pure mercury, white honey, 
Cape aloes, black pepper, rhubarb, and scammony. P., 
Blair's, an empirical preparation of colchicum, much 
used in England in cases of gout. P., Blaud's, pro- 
posed as antichlorotic, are made of gum tragacanth, 
sulphate of iron, and subcarbonate of potassium. P., 
blue, pilul® hydrargyri. P. of Bon'tius, in the French 
Codex, are made of Barbadoes aloes, gamboge, gum 
ammoniac, and white vinegar. P., Brandreth's, see 
Plulee aloes et cambogiee. P., cal'omel, pilul® hydrar- 
gyri chloridi mitis. P., cal'omel, com'pound, pilul® 
hydrargyri submuriatis composite. P., cal'omel and 
o'pium, pilul® calomelanos et opii. P., camboge, 
pilul® cambogi® composite. P., camboge, com'- 
pound, pilul® cambogi® composite. P. of car'bonate 
of iron (B. P.), pilulae ferri carbonatis. P., cathar'tic, 
com'pound, pilulae cathartic® composite. P., Cham'- 
berlain's restor'atlve, see Chamberlain's restorative 
pills. P., co'chy, pilulae aloes et colocynthidis. P. 
of col'ocynth, com'pound, pilulae colocynthidis com- 
posite. P. of col'ocynth and hen'bane, pilulae colo- 
cynthidis et hyoscyami. P., com'mon, pilulae aloes et 
myrrh®. P. of cop'per, ammo'niated, pilul® cupri 
ammoniati. P., Debout's, see Pill, Becquerel's. P. of 
digita'lis and squill, pilul® digitalis et scill®. P., 
din'ner, see Pilulee aloes et kinee kinse, Pilulee rhei, and 
Pilulee aloes et mastiches. P. .din'ner, of May'o, is com- 
posed of pulv. rhei, gr. iv; sod® carb., gr. j. P., Du'- 
puy'tren's, in the French Codex; these are made 
of bichloride of mercury, extract of opium, and extract 
of guaiac. P., everlast'ing, a pill once in vogue, and 
said to be composed of metallic antimony. It was 
believed to have the property of purging as often as 
it was swallowed. P., fe'male, pilul® de aloe et 
foetidis. P., ferru'ginous, of Vallet, see Ferri proto- 
carbonas. P., Foth'ergill's, see Pilulee aloes et colo- 
cynthidis. P., Frank's, see Pilulee aloes et kinee kinee. 
P., Ful'ler's, see Pilulee de aloe et foetidis. P., gal'- 
banum, com'pound, pilul® galbani composite. P., 
Griffith's, pilul® ferri composite. P., Griffiths, see 
Pilulee rhei compositee. P., gum, pilul® galbani com- 
posite. P., Har'vey's, pilul® aloes et colocynthidis. 
P. of hel'lebore and myrrh, pilul® ex helleboro 
et myrrha. P. of Helve'tius, the French Codex 
has a formula for their preparation, consisting of 
alum, sandragon, and honey of roses. P. of hem'lock, 
com'pound, pilul® conii composite. P., Hol'loway's, 
see Pilulee aloes et jalapee. P., Hoop'er's, see Pilulee 
aloes et myrrhee. P. of i'odide of i'ron, pilul® ferri 
iodidi. P. of ipecacuan'ha and o'pium, pilul® ipe- 
cacuanh® et opii. P. of ipecacuan'ha and squill, 
pilul® ipecacuanh® cum scilla. P. of iron sul- 
phate, pilul® ferri sulphatis. P., James's analep'tic, 
see Analeptica. P., Key'ser's, see Hydrargyrus ace- 
tatus. P., Lady Crespigny's, pilul® aloes et kin® 
kin®. P., Lady Hes'keth's, see Pilulee aloes et kinee 
kinee. P., Lady Web'ster's, pilul® aloes et kin® 
kin®; pilul® aloes et mastiches. P., Lartigue's 
(their composition is not definitely known) (ext. 
coloc. comp., 3ss; ext. sem. colchic. alcoholic., ex- 
tract. digital, alcoholic., aa gr. jss; fiat massa in 
pilul. x. dividend.); dose, two, three, or more in the 
24 hours, in gout, until purging is induced. As a 
substitute M. Bouchardat recommends a combination 
of extractum colocynthidis compositum, extractum 
colchici, and extractum opii, which is almost identi- 
cal with pills prescribed by Sir Henry Halford for 
the gout; the latter substituting Dover's powder for 
the extractum opii. The composition of Lartigue's 
pills is also said to be powdered colchicum, two grains; 
sugar and mucilage, each half a grain. P., Laville's, 
said to consist of physalin, silicate of soda, and pow- 
dered chameedrys. One is taken before a meal, for 
several weeks, in a case of gout. P. of lead o'piate, 
pilul® phimbi opiate. P., Lee's New Lon'don, is com- 
posed of scammony, gamboge, calomel, jalap, aloes, 
soap, and syrup of buckthorn. P., Lee's Wind'ham, 
consists of gamboge, aloes, soap, and nitrate of potas- 
sium. P. machine', instrument for rolling and 
dividing pills. P., Mat'thew's, see Pilulee ex helle- 
boro et myrrha. P., Meg'lin's, in the French Codex, 
867 
PILOCYSTIC TUMORS 
made of alcoholic extract of hyoscyamus, alcoholic 
extract of valerian, and sublimed oxide of zinc. 
P., mercu'rial, pilulae hydrargyri. P. of mer'cury, 
pilulae hydrargyri. P. of mild chlo'ride of mer'- 
cury, pilulae hydrargyri chloridi mitis. P., Moffat's, 
pilulae aloes et cambogiae. P., Mor'rison's, pilulae 
aloes et cambogiae; see Pilulae cambogiae compositae. 
P., Mose'ley's, pilulae rhei compositae. P., night, 
common, pilulae opiatae. P., o'piate, pilulae opiatae. 
P., Pe'ter's, see Pilulae aloes et cambogise. P., Plum'- 
mer's, pilulae hydrargyri submuriatis compositae. 
P. of qui'nia sul'phate, pilulae quiniae sulphatis. 
P., red, pilulae hydrargyri submuriatis compositae. 
P., red, Boer'haave's, see Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
rubrum. P. of rhu'barb, pilulae rhei. P. of rhu'barb, 
com'pound, pilulae rhei compositae. P., Ricord's, see 
Ricord. P., Ru'dius's, pilulae aloes et colocynthidis. 
P., Rufus's, pilulae aloes et myrrhae. P., Rush's, see 
P Hulse aloes et cambogise. P., Scotch, pilulae de aloe 
et fcetidis. P. of Sddillot, in the French Codex 
these are made of mercurial ointment, medici- 
nal soap, and licorice powder. P. of soap, com'- 
pound, pilulae saponis cum opio. P., soap and opium, 
pilulae saponis cum opio. P. of Soc'otrine al'oes, 
see Pilulae aloes. P., Speediman's, see Pilulae aloes et 
myrrhae. P., squat'ting, pilulae opiatae. P., squill, 
com'pound, pillulae scillae compositae. P., Stahl's, 
see Pilulae de aloe et foetidis. P., Stark'ey's, see Pil- 
ulae ex helleboro et myrrhd. P., stomach'ic, see Pilulae 
aloes et kinae kinae and Pilulae rhei. P., sto'rax, pilulae 
e styrace. P. of strych'nia, pilulae strychniae. P. 
of submu'riate of mer'cury, com'pound, pilulae hy- 
drargyri submuriatis compositae. P., Tanjore, pilulae 
Asiaticae. P. tile, see Pilula. P., tur'pentine, pilulae 
de terebinthina. P., Vallet's, see Ferri protocarbonas 
and Pilulae ferri carbonatis. P., Web'ster's, pilulae 
aloes et kinae kinae. P., Whytt's, see Pilulae de aloe et 
fcetidis. 
Pil'lar. In anatomy, structure of columnar form 
serving as an appendage to a vaulted organ. P-s of 
Cor'ti, rods of Corti. P-s of di'aphragm, see Dia- 
phragm. P-s of exter'nal abdominal ring, two di- 
verging bundles of fibres implanted on either side, the 
inner to the anterior surface of symphysis pubis, the 
outer with Poupart's ligament upon spine of pubis. 
P-s of fauces, curved arches at sides of passage from 
mouth to pharynx, formed by prominence of muscles; 
anterior occupied by the palatoglossus, posterior by 
the palatopharyngeus. P-s of for'nix, continuation 
of fornix downward toward base of brain; anterior 
pass down in front of foramina of Monro, and can be 
traced as radices ascendentes fornicis to the maxillary 
tubercles, thence reflected upward as radices descen- 
dentes fornicis, or bundles of Vicq d'Azyr, to basis of 
anterior nucleus of optic thalamus; posterior usually 
called crura of fornix. P-s of ve'lum palat'i, pillars 
of the fauces. 
Pill-bearing spurge. Euphorbia pilulifera. 
Pill'box hydat'id. See Acephalocyst. 
Pillicosh'y or Pilliocausia. Hiera picra. 
Pills. See Pill, Pilula, and Pilulae. 
Pill'ula. Pilula. 
Pilocarpidine, pi-lo-karp'id-een. Alkaline base 
from pilocarpus. 
Pilocarpina, pil-o-kar-pe'nah. Pilocarpine. 
Pilocarp'inse hydrochlo'ras (Ph. U. S.). White crys- 
tals, soluble. Usually given hypodermically in dose 
of gr. | as a diaphoretic in dropsy, diseases of the chest, 
diphtheria, rheumatism, skin diseases, etc. Exter- 
nally applied as a hair-invigorator in washes, pomades, 
etc., and in solution as a mydriatic. 
Pilocarpine, pi-lo-kar'peen. C11H16N2O2. Alkaloid 
from Pilocarpus pennatifolius. Soft mass, used prin- 
cipally in the hydrochloride or hydrochlorate. 
Pilocar'pus (Ph. U. S.). Leaflets of Pilocarpus 
pennatifolius, jaborandi. Active diaphoretic; also 
sialagogue. See Pilocarpine and Pilocarpinae hydro- 
chloras. Jaborine is another alkaloid separated from 
it, but resembling atropine in action. 
Pilocys'tic tu'mors (pilus, hair). Encysted tumors 
containing hair and fatty matters-dermoid cysts. PILOSELLA 
Pilosel'la (pilosusf Hieracium pilosella. P. al- 
pi'na, Hieracium pilosella. 
Pilo'sus (pilus, hair). Pileous. 
Pi'lous. Pileous. 
Pil'ula (pl. Pil'ulae) (dim. of Pila, a ball). A pill. 
Simple or compound medicine, weighing from one to 
five grains, of a firm consistence and spherical form, 
intended to be swallowed at once without chew- 
ing. The pill differs from the bolus, the latter being 
softer and larger. Medicines are often given in the 
form of pill on account of their disagreeable taste 
and odor, and for the like reason pills are now sugar- 
coated or gelatin-coated. Pilula also means a pilular 
mass, or the mass formed by the amalgamation of the 
different articles that enter into the composition of 
the pill. To form the mass into pills, it is rolled out 
and divided by the spatula on a pill tile or by a pill 
machine. The British Pharmacopoeia has directions 
for various forms of pilula, or pill in mass, but, unlike 
the Ph. U. S., has no pilulse or separate pills. See the 
various Pilulse, also Asiatic, Pontius's, Belloste's, Blau- 
card's, Blaud's, Blue, Compound, Compound cathartic, 
Dinner, Dupuytren's, Frank's, Fuller's, Griffith's, Hoop- 
er's, Lady Webster's, Lartigue's, Meglin's, Morrison's, 
Mercurial, Plummer's, Phosphorus, Rufus's, Ricord's, 
Tanjore pills, etc. 
Pil'ulae. See Pilula. P. aeter'nae, pill, everlasting. 
P. ex al'oe, P. aloes composite. P. de al'oe et cam- 
bo'gia, P. aloes et cambogiae. P. de al'oe et foe'- 
tidis, Pills of aloes and fetid gums, Female pills (aloes 
Socotr., sennas, asafoetidae, galbani, aa 3ij ; myrrh., 
3iv; croci, macis, aa 3j : ferri sulphat., ; ol. succin., 
gtt. viij ; syrup, artemisiae, q. s.); purgative, and given 
in hysteria; dose, gr. xv-xx. P. de al'og et sa- 
po'ne, P. aloeticae. P. al'oes, Aloetic pill (Ph. U. S.); 
each pill contains aloes, gr. ij, and soap, gr. ij. P. 
al'oes et asafoe'tidae (Ph. U. S.), Aloetic and asafoe- 
tida pills (each pill contains aloes, asafoetida, and soap, 
gr. j| of each); purgative and stomachic. P. al'oes 
Barbaden'sls, Pill of Barbadoes aloes (aloes Barbad. 
pulv., ; saponis dur. pulv., 5j ; ol. carui, ; con- 
fect. ros., sjj); dose, gr. v-x. P. al'oes et cambo'- 
giae, Pill of aloes and camboge (aloes, cambog., gum 
ammoniac., aap. ae.); purgative; used in dropsy; dose, 
gr. xij-xxx. P. al'oes et colocyn'thidis, Pill of aloes 
and colocynth, vulg. Pill cochy and Pill a coshy (colo- 
cynth. pulp., ; aloes Barbad., scammon., aa jpj ; 
potass, sulph., ; ol. caryophyl., f3ij ; aquae destil- 
lat., q. s.; Ph. Br.); cathartic; dose, gr. v-x or more. 
P. al'oes compos'itae, Compound aloetic pills (aloes 
spic. extract., ,5j ; ext. gentianae, ; olei carui, gtt. 
xl; syrup., q. s.). These are sometimes also called 
Family pills, Antibilious pills, etc. P. al'oes et fer'ri, 
Pill of aloes and iron; aloes, 100 grs.; dried sulphate 
of iron, 100 grs.; aromatic powder, 100 grs.; con- 
fect. rosae, q. s. ft. 100 pills (Ph. U. S.). P. al'oes 
et jalap'ae, Scot's or Scotch pills (aloes Barbad., ftj; 
rad. helleb. nigr., rad. jalapae, potassae subcarb., aa §j ; 
ol. anisi, 3iv; syrup, simpl., q. s.-M.); dose, gr. x to 
xxx. A committee of the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy recommended_the following: Aloes Barba- 
dens., Sxxiv; saponis., colocynthidis, j ; cam- 
bogiae, gj ; ol. anis., P. al'oes et ki'nae ki'nae, 
Pill of aloes and cinchona (aloes Socotr., Jvj ; ext. cin- 
chon., 5iij ; cinnam., 3j ; syrup absinth., q. s.); stom- 
achic and laxative; dose, gr. x to xx. Lady Cres- 
pigny's pills, Lady Webster's pills, Lady Hesketh's pills, 
resemble these; see Pilulse aloes et mastiches. P. al'oes 
martia'les, P. de aloe et foetidis. P. al'oes mas'- 
tich.es, Pills of aloes and mastich (aloes Socotrin. pulv., 
gr. 100; mastich. pulv., ros. gallic., aa gr. 50; aquae, 
q. s. to form 100 pills; Ph. U. S.). Mastich is added 
to prevent the too ready solution of the aloes in the 
gastric and intestinal fluids, so that it is long in ope- 
rating as a laxative. One is usually taken before din- 
ner as a dinner pill. It was introduced into the Ph. 
U. S. as a form for Lady Webster's pills. P. al'oes et 
myr'rhae (Ph. U. S.), Rufus's or Ruffus's pills, Common 
pills, Pills of aloes and myrrh (aloes pulv., gr. 200; 
pulv. aromat., gr. 50; myrrh., gr. 100; syrup., q. s. to 
form 100 pills; Ph. U. S.); cathartic and emmena- 
868 
PILUUE 
gogue ; dose, gr. x-xx. P. al'oes Socotri'nse, Pill of 
Socotrine aloes (aloes ; sapon. dur., 5j ; 
ol. myrist., f 3J J confect, ros., sy ; or aloes Socot., gij ; 
sapon. dur., ; ol. myrist. volatil., f3j; confect, 
rosse, §j); made into pills about same strength as 
pilulae aloes (Ph. U. S.). P. al'oes cum zingib'ere, 
Pills of aloes and ginger (aloes hepat., ; rad. zingib., 
oj ; sapon. Hispan., 3ss; ol. ess. menthae pip., 3ss); 
in habitual costiveness; dose, gr. x to xx. P. 
aloet'icae cum myr'rha, pilulae rhei compositae. P. 
aloet'icae cum sapo'ne, pilulae aloes. P. amaro- 
cathar'ticae, pilulae ecphracticae. P. ammoniure'ti 
cu'pri, Pills of ammoniuret of copper (ammoniur. 
cupri, gr. xvj ; micas panis, £)iv; aquae carbonatis 
ammoniae, q. s.; beat into a mass and divide into 
32 pills); tonic and antispasmodic in epilepsy, etc.; 
dose, one pill twice daily, and gradually increased. 
P. An'glicae, pills containing opium, 1 part; aloesand 
gum arabic, 6 parts; syrup of saffron, q. s. P. an'te 
ci'bum (pills before food), P. aloes et kinae kinae. P. 
antibilio'sae (extract of colocynth, ,5ij; resin of 
jalap, 3j ; almond soap, 3jss; guaiac, 3iij ; emetic 
tart., gr. viij ; oils of juniper, caraway, and rosemary, 
aa iv drops; syrup of buckthorn, q. s. to form 64 
pills); dose, two or three. P. antiherpet'icae, pilu- 
lae hydrargyri submuriatis comp. P. antihyster'icae, 
P. galbani compositae. P. antimo'nii compos'itae 
(Ph. U. S.), P. hydrargyri submuriatis compositae. P. 
antiscrophulo'sae, (scammon. pulv., hydrarg. sul- 
phur. nigr., aa jpj ; antimonii oxidi albi, milleped., 
sapon. amygdalin., aa 3U) i extract, glycyrrh., §v; 
make into a mass); dose, gr. iv. to xx. P. antispas 
ticae, P. galbani compositae. P. asafoe'tidae (Ph. 
U. S.), Asafatida pills (assafcetid., gr. ccc; saponis., 
gr. c; beat with water so as to form a mass, to be 
divided into 100 pills). P. asafoe'tidae compos'itae, 
P. galbani compositae. P. Asiat'icae, Asiatic or Tan- 
jore pills (acid, arsenios., gr. Iv; piper, nigr. pulv., Six; 
acaciae, q. s. ut fiant pil. 800). Each pill contains 
about one-fifteenth of a grain of arsenious acid. Em- 
ployed in India for the cure of syphilis and elephan- 
tiasis. P. balsam'icae (milleped., Sxviij ; gum am- 
mon., Sxj ; acid, benzoic., Svj ; croci, balsami Peruv., 
aa 3j ; balsam, sulph. anisat., 5vj) > tonic, expector- 
ant, and balsamic. P. Barbaros'sae, see Barbarossa 
pilula. P. benedic'tae Fuller!, P. de aloe et fcetidis. 
P. calomel'anos compos'itae, P. hydrargyri submu- 
riatis compositae. P. calomel'anos et o'pii, Pills 
of calomel and opium (hydrarg. chlorid. mit., p. iij ; 
opii, p. j ; confect, ros., q. s.; to be divided into 
pills each containing two grains of calomel). P. 
cambo'giae compos'itae, Pilula cambogix composite 
(Ph. Br.), Gamboge pills, Compound pills (cambogiae, 
aloes Barbad., pulv. cinnarn. comp., aa ; saponis dur., 
oijsyrup, q. s.; Ph. B.); cathartic; dose, gr. v-x. 
P. cathar'ticae compos'itae (Ph. U. S.), Compound ca- 
thartic pills (ext. colocynth. comp., gr. cxxx; abstract, 
jalapae, hydrarg., chlorid. mit., aa gr. c; gambog., 
gr. xxv; to make 100 pills); two or three for a dose. 
P. coc'chii, P. aloes et colocynthidis. P. coc'ciae mi- 
no'res, P. aloes et colocynthidis. P. coc'cinae, P. 
aloes et colocynthidis. P. col'chici et digitalis, P., 
Lartigue's. P. ex colocyn'thide cum al'oe, P. aloes 
et colocynthidis. P. colocyn'thidis compos'itae, P. 
aloes et colocynthidis. P. colocyn'thidis et hyoscy'- 
ami, Pill or Pills of colocynth and henbane (pil. colo- 
cynth. comp., §ij ; ext. hyoscyam., 5,1 ; Ph. B.); dose, 
gr. v to gr. xx. P. commu'nes, P. aloes et myrrhae. 
P. coni'i compos'itae, Pilula conii composita (Ph. B.), 
Compound pill of hemlock (ext. conii, ; ipecac., 
3ss; theriac, q. s.; Ph. B.); dose, gr. v-x. P. co- 
pai'bae, Pills of copaiba (copaib., ; magnesiae, re- 
center praepar., 3j ; to be divided into 200 pills); each 
pill contains nearly five grains of copaiba ; two to six 
for a dose. P. cu'pri, P. ammoniureti cupri. P. cu'- 
pri ammonia'ti, Pills of ammoniated copper (cupri 
ammon., p. j.; micae panis, p. vj ; liq. ammon. car- 
bonat., q. s.); dose, one to six pills. P. de cynoglos'so 
(pulv. rad. cynogloss., semin. hyoscyam. alb., extract, 
opii vinos., aa 3iv; pulv. myrrh., 3vj ; oliban., ,5v; 
croci, castor., aa ; syrup, opii, q. s.); anodyne, in PILUUE 
cough, etc.; dose, gr. iv-viij. P. depuran'tes, de- 
purative pills; P. hydrargyri submuriatis composite. 
P. digita'lis et scil'te, Pills of digitalis and squill 
(digital., scillae, aa p. j.; elect, aromat., p. ij); one or 
two pills for a dose. P. ecphrac'ticae, P. de aloe et 
fcetidis. P de extrac'to o'pii, P. de cynoglosso. P. 
fer'ri carbona'tis, pilula ferri carbonatis (Ph. Br)., 
Pill or Pills of carbonate of iron, Pallet's pills, Pallet's 
ferruginous pills (ferri carbonat. saccharat., ; con- 
fect. rosar., 3ij); dose, gr. v to xv or more. P. 
fer'ri compos'itae (Ph. U. S.), Compound pills of iron 
(myrrh., gr. cl; sodii carb., ferri sulph., aa gr. 
Ixxv; syrup., q. s. to form 100 pills); tonic; dose, gr. 
x-xx. P. fer'ri io'didi, Pills of iodide of iron, Blau- 
card's pills (ferri redact., .5j ; iodi., gr. Ixxx; gly- 
cyrrhiz., gr. 1; sacchar., gr. 1; extract, glycyrrhiz., 
gr. xij ; acaciae, gr. xij ; aquae, aether, fortior., bal- 
sam tolu, q. s. to make 100 pills); each pill con- 
tains of ferrous iodide 0.063 gm. or gr. j (Ph. U. S.). 
P. fer'ri cum myr'rha, P. ferri composite. P. 
fer'ri sulpha'tis, Pills of sulphate of iron (ferri 
sulph. exsicc., p. ij ; ext. taraxac., p. v; conserv. rosae, 
p. ij ; glycyrrhiz., p. iij); dose, gr. v-xx. P. fce'tidae, 
P. galbani composite. P. gal'bani compos'itae (Ph. 
U. S.), Compound galbanum pill, Gum pill (galban., 
myrrh., aa gr. cl; asafcetidae, gr. 1; syrup., q. s. to 
make 100 pills); dose, two to four pills; antispas- 
modic and emmenagogue. The Ph. Br. has a for- 
mula for pilula asafcetidae composita, compound pill 
of asafoetida, which was formerly called Pilula 
galbani composita. P. gum'mi, P. galbani com- 
posite. P. gum'mi gut'tae aloet'icae, P. cam- 
bogiae composite. P. gummo'sae, P. galbani compos- 
ite. P. de gut'ta gaman'drd, P. cambogiae compos- 
ite. P. ex helleb'oro et myr'rha, Pills of hellebore 
and myrrh (ext. helleb. nig., myrrh., aa ; fol. cardui 
Benedict., > tonic and emmenagogue. In dropsi- 
cal, cutaneous, and verminous affections ; dose, gr. iv- 
viij. P. hydrago'gae, P. cambogiae composite. P. 
hydrago'gae Bon'tii, pilulae aloes et cambogiae. P. 
hydrar'gyri, Mercurial or Bluepill, Blue mass, Pills of 
mercury; for formula, see Massa hydrargyri. Anti- 
syphilitic ; mercurial; in large doses, purgative. 
The Ph. B. has a similar formula for pilula hydrar- 
gyri. A purgative pill, much prescribed by Mr. 
Abernethy, and called Abernethy's pill, consisted of 
pil. hydrarg., gr. x; jalap., gr. xx; syrup, rhamni., q. s. 
ut fiant pil. vj. Two were given at night, and the 
next morning a wineglassful of infusum sennae. 
P. hydrar'gyri chlo'ridi mi'tis, Pills of mild chlo- 
ride of mercury, Calomel pills (hydrarg. chlorid. mit., 
J|ss; acaciae, oj ; syrup., q. s. ut fiant pil. 240); each 
pill contains one grain. P. hydrar'gyri chlo'ridi et 
o'pii, P. calomelanos et opii. P. hydrar'gyri sub- 
muria'tis compos'itae, Pilulee antimonii composites 
(Ph. U. S.), Compound calomel pill, Compound pills of 
submuriate of mercury, Calomel pills, Red pill (antimonii 
sulphurat., hydrarg. chlorid. mit., aa gr. xij ; guaiac., 
syrup, fuse., aa gr. xxiv ; divide into 24 pills); mer- 
curial, diaphoretic, and alterative; dose, g. v to x. 
The Ph. B. has a formula for Pilula hydrargyri sub- 
chloridi composites, Compound pill of subchoride of mer- 
cury. P. hydrar'gyri submuria'tis et o'pii, P. cal- 
omelanos et opii. P. de hydrar'gyro, scammo'nio, et 
al'oe, vulgo mercuria'les, Mercurial pills (hydrarg. 
purif., ; mellis, ; aloes Socot., scammon., aa 
§ij ; macis, cinnam., aa 3ij); uses same as the last, 
but they are more active; dose, gr. viij to xxx. P. 
de hydrar'gyro muriat'ico mi'ti cum sul'phure 
stibia'to auranti'aco, pilulae hydrargyri submuriatis 
composite. P. ipecacuan'hae et o'pii, Pills of ipecac- 
uanha and opium (pulv. ipecac, et opii, p. iij ; conserv. 
rosae, p. j); one grain of opium in about thirteen 
grains. P. ipecacuan'hae cum scil'la, Pills (or Pill) 
of ipecacuanha with squill (pulv. ipecac, comp., ; 
scillae pulv., ammoniac, in pulv., aa ; theriac., q. s.; 
Ph. B.); dose, gr. v to x. P. mercuria'les, P. hydrar- 
gyri; P. de hydrargyro, scammonio, et aloe. P. 
myrrh'ae compos'itae, P. galbani composite. P. 
opia'tae, P. opii (Ph. U. S.), Opiate pills, Common night 
pills, Anodyne pills (opii, gr. c.; sapon, gr. xxv; to be 
869 
PIMELECCHYSIS 
made into 100 pills); each pill contains a grain of 
opium. P. ex ox'ido stib'ii et hydrar'gyri sulphu- 
re'to ni'gro compos'itaB, pilulse antiscrophulosse. P. 
phos'phori (Ph. U. S.) (phosphorus, 0.06 gm.; althaea, 
5.20 gm.; acacia, 1.30 gm.; glycerin, 2.60 gm.; water, 
1.30 gm.; chloroform, 3.20; balsam of Tolu, q. s.; 
ether, q. s., 100 pills). P. plum'bi opia'tse, P. plum'bi 
cum o'pio (Ph. Br.), Opiate pills of lead, Pill of lead 
and opium (plumb, acetat., gr. xxxvj; opii, gr. vj ; 
conserv. rosae, gr. vj ; to be made into four-grain pills); 
dose, gr. ij-iv. P. qui'niae sulpha'tis, Pills of sulphate 
of quinia (quin, sulph., gr. xxiv; mel. despumati, gr. 
xiv; to be made into 24 pills; Ph. U. S); each con- 
tains a grain of the sulphate of quinia. The Ph. Br. 
has a formula for Pilula quinize, Pill of quinine. P. re- 
solven'tes cum mercu'rio, P. hydrargyri submuriatis 
compositae. P. de rhabar'baro, pilulae rhei compositae. 
P. rhe'i (Ph. U. S.), Pills of rhubarb (rhei pulv., 
gr. ccc; saponis pulv., gr. c; to be made into 
100 pills). A good dinner or stomachic pill is made 
of rhubarb, gr. ij ; capsicum, gr. j ; dose, two or three 
before dinner. P. rhe'i compos'itae (Ph. U. S.), Com- 
pound rhubarb pills (rhei, gr. cc; aloes purificat., 
gr. cl; myrrh, gr. c; ol. menthae pip., gr. x; to make 
100 pills); laxative and stomachic; dose, gr. x to xx. 
The Ph. Br. has a formula for Pilula rhei composita, 
compound rhubarb pill. P. rhe'i et fer'ri, Pills of 
rhubarb and iron (ferri sulph. exsiccat., p. iv; ext. 
rhei, p. x; conserv. rosae, p. v; make into five-grain 
pills); dose, as tonic and laxative, two or three pills. 
Griffitts' pills, so called after Dr. S. P. Grifiitts of 
Philadelphia, who prescribed them as a tonic aperi- 
ent, were formed as follows: rhei pulv., Hiss; ferri 
sulphat., JJss; saponis, Qij ; aquae, q. s. to make 40 
pills; dose, three or four at bedtime. P. Ru'fi, p. 
aloes et myrrhae. P. saluta'riae, see Pilules hydrargyri 
submuriatis composites. P. sapona'ceae, P. saponis cum 
opio. P. sapo'nis compos'itae, P. saponis cum opio. 
P. sapo'nis cum o'pio, P. saponaceee or saponis com- 
positee, Pilula saponis composita (Ph. U. S.), Pills of 
soap and opium, Compound pill of soap (opii, 
sapon. dur., ; glycerin, q. s.); five grains contain 
one of opium. The Ph. Br. has a formula for Pilula 
saponis composita, compound pill of soap. P. scam- 
mo'nii compos'ita, Resin of scammony (resin of jalap, 
curd of soap, aa 5j ; strong tincture of ginger, ; 
rectified spirit, fgij ; evaporate); dose, gr. v-xv. P. 
scil'lse, P. scillae compositae. P. scil'lae compos'itae 
(Ph. U. S.), Compound squill pills, Compound pills of 
squill (scillae, gr. xij ; zingib. pulv., ammoniac pulv., 
aa gr. xxiv; saponis pulv., gr. xxxvj ; syrup, q. s.; 
divide into 24 pills; Ph. U. S.); expectorant 
and diuretic; dose, gr. x to xx. The Ph. Br. has a 
formula for Pilula scillee composita, compound squill 
pill. P. scil'lae cum zingib'ere, P. scillae compositae. 
P. scillit'icae, P. scillae compositae. P. ex stib'io et 
hydrar'gyro, P. hydrargyri submur. compos. P. 
stomach'icae, P. aloes et kinae kinae. P. strych'niae, 
Pills of strychnia (very pure strychnia, gr. ij ; conserve 
of roses, gr. xxx; make into 24 pills). Each pill con- 
tains one-twelfth of a grain of strychnia. P. sty'- 
racis or sty'racis compos'itae, Storax pills (styracis 
pur., Hvj ; opii, croci, aa Hij). Five grains contain 
one of opium. P. sublingua'les, hypoglottides. P. 
de terebin'thinae, Turpentine pills, made of turpen- 
tine boiled in three times its weight of water, until, 
when thrown into cold water, it forms a soft paste 
having the properties of turpentine and administered 
in gleet, etc. P. Theba'icae, P. opiatae. P. ton'icae, 
P. ex helleboro et myrrha. 
Pil'ular (pilula, pill). Relating or appertaining to 
pills, as a pilular mass, a pilular form, etc. 
Pilum, pe'lum. Pestle. Wooden, iron, bell-metal, 
marble, agate, porcelain, or glass instrument for beat- 
ing or dividing substances in a mortar. 
Pi'lus. Capillus; caul; hair. 
Pimeladenes, pim-el-ad'en-ees (pimele, fat, aden, 
gland). Sebaceous glands. 
Pim'ele. Fat. 
Pimelecchysis, pim-el-ek'kis-is (pimele, ekchusis, 
pouring out). Pimelorrhoea. PIMELICUS 
Pimelicus, pim-el'ik-us. Fatty. 
Pimelitis, pim-el-e'tis. Inflammation of the adi- 
pose tissue. 
Pimelodes, pim-el-o'dees. Fatty. 
Pimeloma, pim-el-o'mah. Fatty swelling. 
Pimelopterygium, pim-el-o-ter-ij'e-um (pimele, 
pterugion, small wing). Fatty outgrowth or tissue of 
conjunctiva. 
Pimelorrhcea, pim-el-or-rhe'ah (pimele, rheo, to 
flow). Morbid discharge or disappearance of fat. 
Pimelorthopnoea, pim-el-or-thop-ne'ah (pimele, or- 
thos, upright, pneo, to breathe). Dyspnoea, practica- 
ble only in the erect attitude, owing to fat. 
Pimelosis, pim-el-o'sis. Conversion into or forma- 
tion of fat, as fatty degeneration of the liver. P. 
hepat'ica, adiposa hepatica; see Pimelosis. P. nim'ia, 
see Polysarcia. 
Pimeluria, pim-el-u're-ah (pimele, ouron, urine). 
Fatty urine. 
Pimenta, pim-en'tah. See Myrtus pimenta. 
Pimen'tae bac'cse. See Myrtus pimenta. 
Pimentelia, pim-en-tel'e-ah. Tree, species of Cin- 
chonese, bark of which is astringent. 
Pimen'to (S. piwiienf a, pepper). See My rtus pimenta. 
Pimiacula, pim-e-ak'u-lah. Lips of the vulva. 
Pimpernel (pim'per-nel), blue (see Pimpinel). Scu- 
tellaria laterifolia. P., red, Anagallis arvensis. P., 
scarlet, Anagallis arvensis. P., water, Veronica bec- 
cabunga. 
Pimpilim, pim'pil-im. Piper longum. 
Pimpinel, pim'pin-el (bipinella or bipinula, from 
the double pennate order of its leaves). See Pimpi- 
nella. P., Ital'ian, Sanguisorba officinalis. 
Pimpinel'la al'ba. P. saxifraga. P. angelicae- 
fo'lia, Ligusticum podagraria. P. ani'sum, Anise plant, 
Water anise, ord. Umbelliferse. Native of Egypt. Fruit, 
Anisum (Ph. U. S.), Semina anisi, Aniseed, have an aro- 
matic odor and a sweetish, warm, grateful taste ; are 
carminative; used in dyspepsia and in tormina of in- 
fants. Dose, gr. xv to 3j, bruised. The oil-Oleum 
anisi-is officinal; dose, gtt. v to xv. Most of the oil 
used in this country under the name of Oil of 
anise is said to be obtained from Illicium anisatum in 
China. P., great'er, P. magna. P. hirci/na, P. saxi- 
fraga. P. laterifo'lia, Sion ammi. P. mag'na, Greater 
pimpinella; root has been extolled as diuretic and 
resolvent, as well as in erysipelatous ulceration, tinea 
capitis, rheumatism, etc. P. ma'jor, P. magna. P. 
ni'gra, P. magna. P. nos'tras, P. saxifraga. P. 
officlna'lls, Sanguisorba officinalis. P. ru'bra, P. 
magna. P. saxif'raga, Saxifrage, Burnet saxifrage; 
root has an unpleasant smell, and hot, pungent, bit- 
terish taste; is used in medicine. 
Pimpinellin, pim-pin-el'lin. Crystalline acid prin- 
ciple contained in Pimpinella saxifraga. 
Pim/ple. Papula. P., Amboy'na, disease resem- 
bling syphilis, epidemic in the island of Amboyna in 
the early part of the 18th century. P., goose, see 
Horrida cutis. P. mi'te, steatozoon folliculorum. 
Pim'pled. Papulose. 
Pim'ples, mag'got. Term given by the laity to 
comedones and acne punctata. 
Pin. (perhaps from pinnum, low Latin, or from spina, 
or from Gael. pin). Steel or brass instrument, 
pointed at one extremity and having a head at the 
other; used in surgery to fix rollers and dressings, 
and occasionally in sutures. P. bone, ischion. P. 
and web, caligo; pterygion. P. worm, oxyuris ver- 
micularis. 
Pinacoline, pin-ak'ol-een. Liquid derived from 
pinacone. 
Pinacone, pin'ak-own. Alcohol or glycol with two 
atoms. 
Pinalik (pin-al'ik) ac'id. Valeric acid. 
Pinastellum, pin-as-tel'lum (pinus). Peucedanum. 
Pinaster, pin-as'ter (pinus). Pinus sylvestris. 
Pince-cystitome (F.), pans-sis'te-tom. Instrument 
employed in operations on the eye for removing flap 
of capsule of lens. 
Pincers, pin'sers. Forceps. 
Pincette, pin-set'. Forceps. 
870 
PI NIDECUSSATIO 
Pinched. Epithet applied to the face when the 
features are contracted or shrunken, as in violent 
abdominal affections or during intense pain. 
Pinckneya pubens (pink-ne'a pu'bens) or pubes'- 
cens. Georgia bark, Bitter bark, Florida bark, Fever 
tree. Used in intermittents ; a powerful bitter. 
Pin'dars. Arachis hypogea. 
Pine. Pinus. P., aphernous'li, Pinus cembra. 
P. ap'ple, Bromelia ananas. P., ground, Lycopo- 
dium complanatum. P., ground, stink'ing, Camphor- 
osma Monspeliaca. P., loblol'ly, Pinus tseda. P., 
mountain, see Pinus mughos. P., mug'ho, see Pinus 
mughos. P., prince's, Pyrola umbellata. P., sap, 
Amer'ican, Hypopitys lanuginosa. P., stone, Pinus 
pinea. P. su'gar, see Arrow root. P., yelTow, Pinus 
palustris. 
Pinea, pin'e-ah. Pinus pinea. 
Pineal, pin'e-al {pinea, a pine cone). Eesemblinga 
pine cone. P. gland, Cerebral epiphysis. Small body 
of conical shape, pale red or grayish color, and soft 
consistency, situate between the fornix and the 
tubercula quadrigemina. It almost always contains 
sabulous particles, sabulum conarii, brain-sand, pineal 
sand. When these are grouped together over the 
base of the gland, they form the acervulus cerebri of 
Sommering, acervuli or lapilli glandulae pinealis. 
From its anterior parts arise two medullary striae, 
which proceed over' the posterior commissure, coast 
along the optic thalami, and unite at the anterior 
pillar of the fornix, habenae, habenulae, or reins of the 
pineal gland-pedunculi conarii; see Peduncles of the 
pineal gland. The uses of the pineal gland are un- 
known ; some comparative anatomists have regarded 
it as a rudimentary eye. Descartes supposed it to 
be the seat of the soul. P. sand, see Pineal gland. 
Pine'apple. Ananas sativa. 
Pine! (pin'a-e) or Pineoli, pin-a'o-le. Nuts of Pinus 
pinea, eaten raw. 
Pineilia (pin-el'le-ah) wawrse. Herb used by the 
Chinese in obstruction of the bowels. 
Pinenchyma, pin-en'kim-ah (pinax, tablet, enchuma, 
infusion). Tissue consisting of cells of tabular shape. 
Pine-needle oil. Oil distilled from the needles of 
Pinus sylvestris, resembling turpentine in medicinal 
effects, and used by inhalation in bronchial affections. 
A pine-needle bath is made from the branches and 
leaves of the pine or spruce tree. See Pinus pinea. 
Pineum, pin'e-um. Pinea. 
Pineus (pin'e-us) pur'gans. Jatropha curcas. 
Pine'weed. Hypericum sarothra. 
Pinguecula (pin-gwTek'u-lah) or Pinguic'ula (pin- 
guis, fat). Small, whitish-yellow tumor in the sclerotic 
conjunctiva and subjacent areolar tissue, close to the 
margin of the cornea on its nasal or temporal side; 
supposed, erroneously, to be of a fatty nature. 
Pinguedinous, pin-gwed'in-us. Fatty. 
Pinguedo, pin-gwa'do. Fat; adeps. P. rena'lis, 
nephridion. 
Pinguefaction, pin-gwe-fak'shun {pinguefacio, to 
make fat). Process of being converted into fat. 
Pinguicula vulgaris, pin-gwik'u-lah vul-gar'is {pin- 
guis, fat). Yorkshire sanicle, ord. Lentibulaceae. The 
unctuosity of this plant has caused it to be applied to 
chaps and as pomatum to the hair. Decoctions of 
the leaves are cathartic. 
Pin'guid. Fatty. 
Pin'guin. Bromelia pinguin. 
Pinguitudo, pin-gwe-tu'do. Polysarcia adiposa. P. 
cor'dis, steatosis cordis. 
Pinguoleum theobromatum, pin-gwo'le-um the-o- 
bro-mat'um {theos, god, broma, food). Oil of theo- 
broma. 
Pin'hole pu'pil. Condition of the pupil in typhus, 
in which it is so contracted as to resemble a pinhole. 
It indicates a dangerous brain complication. 
Pinhones Indici, pin-ho'nees in'dis-e. Jatropha 
curcas. 
Pinic (pi'nik) acid. Substance, C20H30O2, contained 
in pine resin. 
Pinidecussatio, pin-e-dek-us-sah'she-o. Piniform 
decussation. PINIFORM DECUSSATION 
Piniform decussation, pi'ne-form de-kus-sa'shun. 
Decussation of the pyramids. See Corpora pyramid- 
alia. 
Pinipicria, pin-e-pik're-ah. Pinipicrin. Amorphous 
powder with bitter taste; glucoside contained in 
Finns sylvestris and Thuja occidentalis. 
Pinitannic (pi-ne-tan'nik) acid. Powder of a yel- 
lowish-red color derived from Finns sylvestris and 
Thuja occidentalis. 
Pinite, pi'nite. Substance, crystalline and having 
very sweet taste and laxative properties, existing in 
exudation of Pinus Lambertiana. 
Pink, Carolina. Spigelia Marilandica. P., clove, 
Dianthus caryophyllus and Pinguis oleum. P., 
ground, Silene Virginica. P., In'dian, Spigelia Mari- 
landica. P., wild, Silene Virginica. 
Pink-eye. Contagious epidemic of muco-purulent 
conjunctivitis in horses; exists also in man. 
Pink'root. Spigelia Marilandica. P., Demera'ra, 
Spigelia anthelmia. 
Pin'na (wing). Ala; pavilion of the ear. P. ma- 
ri'na, see Byssus. 
Pinnaculum (pin-nak'u-lum) (dim. of Pinna) for'- 
nicis guttura'lis (pinnacle of the arch of the throat). 
Uvula. 
Pinnae (pin'nae) (pl. of Pinna) hep'atis. Lobes of 
the liver. P. na'ris, see Nasus. 
Pinnula (pin'u-lah) (dim. of Pinna). Extremity of 
the wing of a bird. 
Pin'nulse hep'atis. Lobes of the liver. 
Pinodes, pin-o'dees. Dirty. 
Pins and Needles. Obtunding of local sensation 
from pressure on an important nerve, as of the leg. 
As the nerve-fibres gradually recover from the effect 
of the pressure, a pricking sensation is experienced, 
familiarly known as " pins and needles." 
Pint. Octarius, symbol of which is O. 
Pin'ta ([S.] pintar, to paint). Blue stain. Disease 
prevailing in Mexico, a variety of pityriasis versi- 
color or chloasma. 
Pinus abies, pe'nus ab'e-ees. Norway spruce fir, 
Yew-leaved fir; ord. Conifer®. Tops are used in 
making Spruce beer. Essence of spruce, Essentia abietis, 
a fluid extract prepared by decoction from the twigs 
of this species of fir, is used for this purpose. This 
fir affords the Burgundy pitch and common frank- 
incense. 1. Burgundy or White pitch, Pix Burgundica 
(Ph. U. S. and Br.). Prepared concrete juice of close 
consistency, rather soft, of reddish-brown color, and 
not unpleasant smell. It is very adhesive to the skin, 
and consequently forms excellent plasters. 2. Abietis 
resina, Common frankincense, Resin of the spruce fir. It 
is solid, dry, brittle; externally, brownish-yellow; in- 
ternally, whitish. Used in plasters like the last. See 
P. picea. P. al'ba, P. picea. P. austra'lis, yellow pine, 
native of the Southern United States; used for ship 
timber, and furnishes rosin and turpentine. P. bal- 
same'a, balsam fir, the tree which affords the Canada 
balsam, Canada turpentine or balsam, balsam of fir. 
It is one of the purest turpentines, and has the com- 
mon properties of those substances, and is employed 
by microscopists. P. Canaden'sis, Abies Canadensis, 
Hemlock, Hemlock spruce; abundant in Canada, Nova 
Scotia, and the more northern parts of New England, 
and found in the elevated and mountainous regions of 
the Middle States. The pitch obtained from it-Pix 
Canadensis (Ph. U. S.), Canada pitch, Hemlock pitch-is 
commonly known under the name hemlock gum. P. 
can'dicans, P. picea. P. cem'bra, P. montana, Aphern- 
ousli pine, yields an agreeably scented turpentine- 
the Carpathian balsam, Balsamum carpathicum, Brianfon 
turpentine. The nuts, Cembro nuts, Nuclei cembrse, have 
an eatable kernel and yield oil. The shoots yield 
Riga balsam by distillation. P. damar'ra, Agathis 
damarra, grows in the East India Islands. The juice 
speedily concentrates into very hard resin, the da- 
marra turpentine, which is used for fine microscopic 
preparations. Cowrie or cowdie resin is procured, by 
incision, from Damarra australis in New Zealand. P. 
excel'sa, P. abies. P. Gal'lica, P. picea. P. Lam- 
bertia'na, of Oregon and California. The exudation 
871 
PIPER 
from this tree, pinit, a crystallizable sugar resem- 
bling manna, is eaten. P. la'rix or La'rix Europse'a, 
Abies larix, Larix, L. communis, Larch. From this tree 
exudes Oremberg gum, Briangon manna. It also yields, 
by boring, Common Venice turpentine. It is usually 
thinner than the other sorts of turpentine. P. Mon- 
ta'na, P. cembra. P. mu'ghos, Mountain or Mugho 
pine, Pinus pumilio. From the extremities of the 
branches exudes the Resina strobilina of the Germans, 
or Hungarian balsam. It is also obtained by expression 
from the cones. By distillation the Hungarian balsam 
affords the Krumholz oil. P. palusztris, P. Aus- 
tralis; see Pinus sylvestris. P. pic'ea, European silver 
fir tree. Strasburg turpentine is obtained from this 
tree. P. pinas'ter, see Pinus sylvestris. P. pi'nea, 
Stone pine. The nuts, Zirbel nuts, Pine nuts, are eaten 
raw or preserved like almonds, and are also used in 
emulsions. P. pumil'io, see Pinus mughos. P. relig- 
io'sa, of Mexico, yields turpentine. P. sabinia'na, 
native of California and Oregon ; the seeds are eaten 
by the Indians. P. sati'va, P. pinea. P. stro'bus, 
white pine of the North-western United States. P. 
sylves'tris, Scotch fir. This pine, as well as P. marit- 
ima (P. pinaster) and other species of Pinus, affords 
common turpentine and its oil, resin, tar, and pitch. 
1. Common turpentine of Europe, Terebinthina, Horse 
turpentine, Bordeaux turpentine, is obtained by wound- 
ing the tree in hot weather. Is used chiefly as dress- 
ing for wounds, etc. in horses, and for the distillation 
of oil (see Oleum terebinthinse). White turpentine or 
common turpentine of America, terebinthina (Ph. 
U. S.), is produced chiefly from pinus palustris, yel- 
low pine, and P. tseda, loblolly pine, and perhaps 
from other species inhabiting the Southern States. 
When the oil is distilled with water, yellow resin, 
Rosin, resina (Ph. U. S.), resina flava, is left, which is 
only used in the formation of ointments and plasters. 
If without the addition of water, the residuum is 
common resin or colophony. 2. When the cold begins 
to check the exudation of the common turpentine, 
part of it concretes in the wounds, called White rosin, 
Resina alba, when hardened after long exposure to the 
air. 3. When the old trees are subjected to distilla- 
tion in a coarse manner, tar is obtained-Hygropissos, 
Pissa, Pix cedria or liquida, Fix liquida, used in skin 
diseases; Resina pini empyreumatica liquida, TerelAn- 
thina empyreumatica, Alchitram, Alchitura, Cedria, Tar- 
water, infusion of tar, infusum picis (Ph. U. S.), made 
by mixing a pint of tar with four pints of water, 
shaking the mixture frequently during twenty-four 
hours. Then pour off the infusion and filter through 
paper. It is employed chiefly in pulmonary and bron- 
chial affections, and the vapor has been used in pthi- 
sis and other diseases of the lungs; externally deter- 
gent. 4. Common pitch, black pitch, stone pitch, is 
obtained by inspissating tar, and is used only as a 
resolvent in plasters. P. tse'da, see P. sylvestris. P. 
uber'rima, Pinus picea. P. vulga'ris, P. picea. 
Pin-worm. Ascaris vermicularis. 
Pi'ony. Paeonia. 
Piorthopnoea, pe-or-thop-ne'a (pion, fat, orthos, 
straight, pneo, to breathe). Dyspnoea from impracti- 
cability of breathing except in the erect attitude, from 
excess of fat. 
Pioscope, pe'o-skope (pion, fat, skopeo, to see). Shal- 
low disk on which are strips of differently colored 
oil-paint from white to dark gray, to determine the 
quality of cream and milk. 
Pioxaemia, pe-ox-e'me-ah (pion, fat, haima, blood). 
Piarhsemia. 
Pipe'plant. Monotropa uniflora. 
Piper, pe'per (pepper). See Piper nigrum and 
other varieties. P. adun'cum, species of tropical 
America. P. al'bum, White pepper; black pepper 
freed from its cuticle. P. angustifo'lium, matico. 
P. aromat'icum, P. nigrum. P. be'tel, betel. P. 
Brazilia'num, Capsicum annuum. P. calecut'icum, 
Capsicum annuum; P. siriboa. P. Capen'se, a South 
African species, has properties of the peppers, and in 
appearance and taste resembles cubebs, possessing 
similar virtues. P. earpun'ya, small tree of Chili PIPERAZIDINE 
and Peru; leaves are used in disorders of digestion. 
P. caryophylla'tum, see Myrtus pimenta. P. cauda'- 
tum, P. cubeba. P. Chi'ap®, see Myrtus pimenta. 
P. Clu'sii, species of tropical Africa yielding Asbantee 
pepper. P. cube'b®, Cubeba (Ph. U. S.), is the unripe 
fruit of Cubeba officinalis, called Piper cubebae (Ph. 
Br.); native of Java and Guinea. The odor of these 
berries, Cubeb or Tailed pepper, is aromatic; taste at 
first cooling, afterward pungent. The active princi- 
ple is an essential oil-oleum cubeb®, oil of cubebs- 
officinal in the Ph. U. S. and Br. The properties of 
the cubeb are stimulant and purgative. Used chiefly 
in gonorrhoea. Dose, gr. x to 5j, in powder, three or 
four times a day; of the volatile oil, 10 to 20 drops. 
Turkey-yellow berries-the dried fruit of Rhamnus 
catharticus - are often substituted for cubebs. P. 
elonga'tum, matico. P. Guineen'se, Capsicum an- 
nuum. P. Hispan'icum, capsicum. P. In'dicum, 
Capsicum annuum. P. Jamaicen'se, see Myrtus pi- 
menta. P. lon'gum, Long pepper; berries consist of 
the unripe fruit dried in the sun; small round grains; 
stimulant, carminative, and tonic, like the other pep- 
pers; dose, gr. v to 9j. P. Lusitan'icum, Capsicum 
annuum. P. methys'ticum, see Ava. P. mura'le, 
sedum. P. ni'grum, Black pepper, Piper (Ph. U. S.), 
is the unripe fruit dried in the sun; virtues same as 
the other peppers. The active principle is piperia, 
piperina, or piperine; see Piperina. P. odor a'turn 
Jamaicen'se, see Myrtus pimenta. P. officina'rum, 
native of the Indian Archipelago. P. Tabas'cum, see 
Myrtus pimenta. P. Tur'cicum, Capsicum annuum. 
Piperaz'idine. Piperazine. 
Piperazine, pi-per-a'zeen. C4H10N2. Substance 
formed by the action of ammonia on ethylene bro- 
mide or chloride; very soluble. It is said to dissolve 
uric acid with great facility; hence has been em- 
ployed in gouty diseases, gouty concretions, etc. It 
has been proposed to inject a solution into the bladder 
for dissolution of calculi. Piperazine is a diethylene- 
diamine. Dose, gr. v-viij. 
Pi'percoorn. Form of epidemic typhus fever was 
so called which prevailed in Holland during a por- 
tion of the sixteenth century. 
Pipe'ria. Piperina. 
Piperidine, pip-er'id-een. Volatile alkaloid pro- 
duced by action of alkali on piperine. 
Piperina, pip-er-e'nah (Ph. U. S.). C17H19NO3. 
Resinous substance obtained from the Piper nigrum, 
in which a part of the virtues of the pepper reside. 
Employed, like quinine, in intermittents; also laxa- 
tive. 
Piperine, pi'per-een. Piperina. 
Piperis, pip'er-is. Piper. 
Piperoid, pip'er-oid (piper, eidos, resemblance). A 
yellow syrupy mass obtained by exhausting ginger 
root by ether. It is soluble in ether, alcohol, and 
oils, and given in tincture, sugar, lozenge, or syrup 
where ginger is indicated. P. of gin'ger, oleoresina 
zingiberis. 
Pi'peronal. CsHeOs. Derivative of piperine, piperic 
acid being first obtained and oxidized. Antiseptic 
and antipyretic. Dose, 15 grains. 
Piperopastus, pip-er-o-pas'tus (piper, passo, to 
strew). Strewed with pepper-socks, for example, 
where it is desirable to excite the surface of the feet. 
Piperyluria, pip-er-il-u-re'ah. Alkaloid made arti- 
ficially. 
Pipette, pip-et' (a small pipe). In pharmacy, a small 
tube terminating in a perforated point, which is 
passed into a liquid to be removed. The liquid is 
drawn into the tube by applying the mouth to the 
free extremity. 
Pipinna, pip-in'nah. Small penis. 
Pipitzahoic acid, pip-its-a-ho'ic as'id. Hydroxy- 
quinone derived from root of Trixis fruticosa. 
Pipmenthol, pip'men-thol. Menthol derived from 
oil of peppermint. 
Pip'peridge bush. See Oxyacantha Galeni. 
Pipsissewa, pip-sis'e-wa. Pyrola umbellata. P., 
spot'ted, Pyrola maculata. P., white, Pyrola macu- 
872 
PISTACIA 
Piptadenia (pip-tad-en'e-ah) peregri'na (pipto, to 
fall, aden, gland). South American niopo tree, where 
the natives utilize the seeds for making a highly- 
intoxicating snuff. P. rig'ida, tree of South Amer- 
ica from which gum is obtained. 
Piptonychia, pip-to-nik'e-ah (pipto, to fall, onux, 
nail). Falling off of the nails. 
Piptostegia (pip-to-stej'e-ah) opercula'ta. See Ba- 
tata de purga. P. piso'nis, Convolvulus Mechoacan. 
Piqueria (pik-a're-ah) triner'va. Eupatorium feb- 
rifugum, shrub of Mexico possessing stimulant and 
febrifuge virtues. 
Pirennla Abyssinica, pir-en'ne-ah ab-is-sin'ik-ah. 
Order Phytolaccaceae; native of Abyssinia; root is 
purgative and emetic; fruits are used as taeniafuge. 
Piriformis, pir-e-for'mis. Pyramidalis. 
Pirogoff's (pir'o-goff's) opera'tion. Mode of am- 
putating at the ankle, proposed by Pirogoff of Rus- 
sia, which retains a portion of the calcaneum to im- 
part greater length and rotundity to the stump. 
Pirus, pir'us. See Pyrus malus. 
Pisciculus, pis-sik'u-lus (dim. of Piscis, fish), Bi- 
ceps flexor brachii. 
Piscidia erythrina, pis-cid'e-ah er-e-thre'nah 
(piscis, fish, caedo, to kill). Jamaica dogwood; ord. 
Leguminosse. Small branching tree, common in most 
of the West India Islands; Diadelphia decandria of 
Linnaeus; used in the West Indies to poison fish. It 
appears to be an acronarcotic. The fluid extract has 
been used as an application in hemorrhoids, burns 
and scalds, in painful conditions of tooth-structures, 
etc.; and internally in neuralgias of various kinds, 
as a substitute for opium. 
Piscidin, pis'sid-in. Resinoid derivative from Pis- 
cidia erythrina, but not fully recognized as its active 
principle. 
Pisci'na (fish-pond). Place for bathing. 
Piscivorous, pis-siv'o-rus (piscis, fish, voro, to eat). 
Ichthyophagous. Feeding or subsisting on fish. 
Pisiform, pis'e-form (pisum, pea, forma, shape). 
Pea-like; pea-shaped. See Pisiforme. 
Pisiforme (pis-e-form'e) os. Os lenticulare. Fourth 
bone of the first row of the carpus; is round, and 
gives attachment to the tendon of the cubitalis ante- 
rior and to the anterior transverse ligament of the 
carpus; is articulated, behind, with the os cunei- 
forme. 
Pi'so. Mortar. 
Piso-hama'tus. Piso-uncinatus. 
Pisonia (pis-o'ne-ah) fra'grans. Plant of the West 
Indies possessing emetic properties. P. morindifo'lia, 
Indian lettuce tree ; leaves are employed in elephan- 
tiasis. 
Piso-uncinatus, pe'so-un-sin-at'us (pisum, pea, unci- 
natus, barbed). Muscle (very rare) replacing the 
ligamentum piso-hamatum. 
Pis'sa. Pitch. See Pinus sylvestris. 
Pissasphaltus, pis-as-fal'tus (pissa, asphaltos, bitu- 
men). Pissasphaltum, Mineral pitch. Thicker kind of 
petroleum or rock oil; synonymous with glutinous 
bitumen, Malta bitumen, and mineral tar. 
Pisselseum, pis-sel-e'um (pissa, elaion, oil). Oleum 
picinum. Oily matter obtained from boiling pitch, 
and used for the same purposes as tar. P. In'dicum, 
petroleum. 
Pisseros, pis-sa'ros (pisseros, made of pitch). An- 
cient name of a cerate prepared of olive oil, oil of 
roses, and dried pitch. It was also called Ceratum 
picatum and C. tetrapharmacum. 
Pissites, pis-se'tees (pissites). Wine prepared from 
tar and the must of the grape. 
Pissocopy, pis-sok'o-pe (pissa, kopto, to strike). Depi- 
lation with plaster made of pitch. 
Pissosis, pis-so'sis (pissa, pitch). See Depilatory. 
Piss'weed. Anthemis cotula. 
Pistachio (pis-tah'she-o) nuts (pistakia). Pistacia 
vera. See Arachis hypogea. 
Pista'cia Chi'a. P. lentiscus. P. lentis'cus, Mas- 
tich tree ; ord. Terebinthacese. The wood of this tree 
abounds with the resinous principles of mastich. It 
yields by incision the resin Mastich, Mastiche (Ph. U. S. PISTAT1ON 
and Br.), Mastix, which has an agreeable smell when 
heated; soluble in ether, partly so in alcohol; is stimu- 
lant. It is sometimes also employed to stop holes in 
carious teeth. P. Narbonen'sis, P. lentiscus. P. re- 
ticula'ta, P. lentiscus. P. terebin'thus, P. Narbonen- 
sis, Turpentine tree, Hab-el-ka-limbat; tree which af- 
fords the Cyprus turpentine, resina terebinthi, tere- 
binthina vera or Chia or Cypria. This substance is 
classed among the resins ; it is procured by wounding 
the bark of the trunk. The best Chio turpentine is 
of about the consistence of honey, very tenacious, 
clear, and almost transparent; of a white color, in- 
clining to yellow, and of a fragrant smell; moderately 
warm to the taste, but free from acrimony and bitter- 
ness, resembling in virtues the other turpentines. P. 
ve'ra (pistafce), name of the tree which affords the 
Pistachio nuts. These have a sweetish, unctuous taste, 
resembling that of sweet almonds. Like these, they 
afford an oil and are used in emulsions. 
Pistation, pis-ta'shun (pisto, to pound). Act of 
bruising in a mortar soft and parenchymatous sub- 
stances. 
Pistia, pis'te-ah. Water-lettuce; tropical herb, 
leaves possessing demulcent and refrigerant, and the 
root emollient and laxative, properties. 
Pistillum, pis-til'lum (pisto, to pound). Mortar. 
Pistolochia, pis-to-lok-e'ah (pistos, faithful, locheia, 
parturition). Aristolochia pistolochia. 
Pistoriensis (pis-tor-e-en'sis) glad'ius (Pistoria, 
now Pistoia, in Tuscany). Bistoury. 
Pisum, pe'sum (pisori). P. sativum, Pea, Garden pea. 
Seeds of the pea, ord. Leguminosse, are farinaceous, 
and, when dried, not easy of digestion. 
Pit. Depression remaining in cedematous tissue 
after pressure by the finger has ceased; pock-mark. 
P., na'sal, two indentations on anterior vesicle of 
cerebrum, giving rise to nasal fossae. P. of the stom'- 
ach, depression at the anterior part of the abdomen, 
below the xiphoid cartilage. P., tear, see Sinus, lac- 
rymal. 
Pitaya (pit-a'yah) bark. Bark of Cinchona pitaya, 
ord. Cinchonaceae. Preferred in Colombia to any 
other. It contains a new vegetable alkali, to which 
the name Pitayine has been given. 
Pitayine, pit-a'yin. See Pitaya bark. 
Pitch (L. pix). Colophonia pissa. P., birch, see 
Betula alba. P., black, see Pinus sylvestris. P., Bur'- 
gundy, see Pinus abies. P., Can'ada, see Pinus Cana- 
densis. P. cap, see Depilatory. P., com/mon, see Pinus 
sylvestris. P., hem/lock, see Pinus Canadensis. P., 
Jews', asphaltum. P., min'eral, pissasphaltum. P. 
plas'ter, see Depilatory, Emplastrum picis. P., stone, 
see Pinws sylvestris. P., white, see Pinus abies. 
Pitch'er plant. Sarracenia purpurea. 
Pith. Spinal cord or marrow; the marrow of bones. 
As a verb, to introduce an instrument into the cranial 
or spinal cavity of an animal and destroy the cerebro- 
spinal axis. 
Pithecolobium, pith-ek-o-lo'be-um (pithekos, ape, 
lobion, small lobe). Soap-bark tree of Malabar. Bark 
is employed in leprosy and cutaneous affections. 
Pithyrinus, pith-ir-e'nus (pituron, bran). Term ap- 
plied to a coarse bread made of flour not separated 
from the chaff. 
Pittacium, pit-tah'se-um (pitta, pitch). Pitch plas- 
ter. 
Pit'ting. Indentation or marking from disease, as 
small-pox; pock-mark. 
Pittosis, pit-to'sis (pitta, pitch). See Depilatory. 
Pittota, pit-to'tah. Medicines in which pitch is 
the chief ingredient. 
Pituita, pit-u-it'ah. Mucus; phlegm. P. na'rium, 
nasal mucus. P. unguis cati, cat's-claw tree of trop- 
ical America, having an edible fruit; bark is applied 
externally in powders to ulcers, and given internally 
in fevers. 
Pituitary, pit-u'it-a-re (pituita, phlegm). Con- 
cerned in the secretion of mucus or phlegm. A name 
given to several parts. P. bod'y, P. gland. P. fos'- 
sa, sella turcica. P. gland, Pituitary body; a small, 
round body; the anterior portion is of a cineritious 
873 
PLACENTA 
yellow hue, and the posterior, which is smaller, is 
whitish and pulpy. It occupies the sella turcica 
of the sphenoid hone. P. mem'brane, mucous 
membrane lining the nasal fossae, and extending to 
the different cavities communicating with the nose. 
In the nasal fossae the membrane appears formed of 
two layers, intimately united; the one in contact 
with the bone is fibrous, the other is free at one sur- 
face. The latter is a mucous membrane in which 
papillae are not easily distinguishable, but which 
contains them, as well as a number of very small 
mucous follicles that open into the cavity of the 
nares. On penetrating the maxillary, frontal, sphe- 
noidal, and ethmoidal sinuses the membrane be- 
comes very thin, transparent, less vascular, and 
seems reduced to its mucous layer. The pituitary 
membrane receives the impression of odors by means 
of the expansion of the olfactory nerves upon it. 
This portion of it is at times alone called the ol- 
factory membrane. It is the seat of smell. 
Pituitous, pit-u'it-us. Consisting of, or resembling, 
or full of, mucus or phlegm. P. fe'ver, enteric fever. 
Piturine, pit'u-reen. Alkaloid contained in Dubois- 
ia Hopwoodii, similar to, if not identical with, nico- 
tine. 
Pityre'nus (piturenos). See Pithyrinus. 
Pityriasis, pit-e-re'as-is (pituron, bran). Tetter, 
Dandruff, Dander. Very superficial affection, char- 
acterized by irregular patches of thin scales, which 
repeatedly exfoliate and recur, but never form crusts 
or are accompanied with excoriations. It occurs 
under three or four varieties of form. See Porrigo. 
P. al'ba, same as pityriasis simplex. P. cap'itis, an 
erythematous desquamation of the head in infants 
and old persons. When accompanied with clots of 
sebaceous matter, as in infants, it is called Seborrhoea 
furfuracea. P. lin'guae, partial coating of the tongue 
with white circular or semicircular spots, due to ac- 
cumulation of epithelial cells. P. macula'ta et cir- 
cina'ta, identical with pityriasis rosea. P. ni'gra, 
melasma. P. ni'gricans, dark discoloration of the 
skin, a form of chromidrosis. P. pila/ris, hypertro- 
phied condition of epidermis about the orifice of the 
hair-follicles. Synonym of keratosis pilaris and lichen 
pilaris. P. ro'sea, herpes tonsurans (Hebra), form of 
dermatitis with pale-reddish, scaly, irregular or cir- 
cular patches. P. ru'bra, synonym of dermatitis ex- 
foliativa and pityriasis rubra essentialis; rare affec- 
tion, usually chronic. P. sim'plex, scurfy condition 
of epidermis. P. tabescen'tium, seborrhcea. P. ver- 
sic'olor, tinea versicolor. 
Pityrisxna, pit-e-riz'mah. Pityriasis. 
Pityroides, pit-e-ro-e'dees (pituron, bran, eidos, re- 
semblance). Furfuraceous. 
Pityron, pit-e'ron (pituron, bran). Furfur. 
Piv'oting. Operation of fastening a new crown 
upon the root of a tooth with a piece of gold wire 
called a pivot. 
Pix (pissa, pitch). See Pinus sylvestris; Sperm. P. 
abieti'na, see Pinus abies. P. abi'etis, see Pinws abies. 
P. al'ba, see Pinus abies. P. ar'ida, see Pinus abies and 
Pinus sylvestris. P. at'ra, see Pinus sylvestris. P. 
bru'tia, brutia. P. Burgun'dica, see Pinus abies. P. 
Canaden'sis, see Pinus Canadensis. P. ce'dria, see 
Pinus sylvestris. P. Grae'ca, colophonia. P. liq'uida, 
see Pinus sylvestris. P. nava'lis, see Pinus sylvestris. 
P. ni'gra, see Pinus sylvestris. P. sic'ca, see Pinus 
sylvestris. 
Placebo, plas-e'bo (placebo, ' I will please '). A medi- 
cine prescribed rather to satisfy the patient than with 
any expectation of its effecting a cure. 
Placenta, plah-sen'ta (plakous, a cake). P. uteri. Soft, 
spongy, vascular body, adherent to the uterus, and 
connected with the foetus by the umbilical cord. It is 
not in existence during the first period of the embryo 
state, but its formation commences perhaps with the 
arrival of the embryo in the uterus. It is generally 
considered to have two portions, one foetal and the 
other maternal. The foetal portion consists of highly 
vascular villi and tufts, containing the inosculating 
loops of the umbilical arteries and umbilical vein of placental 
the foetus. The maternal portion consists essentially 
of a large sac formed by the inner coat of the vascu- 
lar system of the mother, into which the maternal 
blood is poured by the curling arteries of the uterus, 
and from which it is returned by the uteroplacental 
veins. The tufts and villi of the foetal placenta are 
ensheathed by this inner coat of the maternal vascu- 
lar system. The placenta is formed of several lobes or 
cotyledons, which can be readily distinguished from 
each other on the uterine surface, but toward the 
foetal surface are confounded into one mass. When a 
lobe is so distinct from the rest as to form, as it were, 
a supplementary placenta, it is termed placenta suc- 
centuriata. The placenta is composed of the umbili- 
cal vessels, areolar tissue, and whitish, resisting fila- 
ments, which are vascular ramifications obliterated. 
Lymphatic vessels have also been presumed to exist 
in it; and nerves have been traced, proceeding from 
the great sympathetic of the foetus. The veins of the 
placenta anastomose freely with one another, and 
give rise at its edge to a venous channel which runs 
around the whole circumference-the placental sinus. 
The umbilical cord usually arises from the centre 
of the placenta, but occasionally from its edge, when 
it is called battledore placenta. The placenta admits 
of the foetal blood being shown, as it were, to that 
of the mother and undergoing requisite changes, and 
serves as the organ of circulation, respiration, and 
nutrition of the foetus. The placenta is liable to 
inflammation, and also to fatty and calcareous degen- 
eration. Animals which have no placenta-as the 
Marsupialia-are called implacental and non-placental. 
Placen'ta, adhe'rent, which is due to inflammation 
during pregnancy, adheres abnormally to the uterus. 
P., bat'tledore, see Placenta. P. cruo'ris, see Blood. 
P., decid'uate, P. in which the maternal part comes 
away entire at birth. P., dis'coid or discoi'dal, P. of 
defined and circular shape, as in woman. P. febri'lis, 
ague-cake. P., fce'tal, portion of the placenta in 
which the umbilical vessels ramify. P., incar'cer- 
ated, see Incarceration. P. margina'ta, P. in which 
the chorion is so connected with its foetal aspect that 
the edges of the placenta are left free. P., non-de- 
cid'uate, P. in which the maternal portion does not 
come away at delivery. P. obla'ta, P. prsevia. P. 
ob'via, P. praevia. P., polycotyl'edonary, P. in 
which foetal villi are arranged in distinct tufts. P. 
prse'via (pree, before, via, way), presentation of the 
placenta which gives rise to unavoidable hemorrhage 
from the uterus. The safety of the mother depends 
upon speedy delivery. P. san'guinis, blood-clot. P. 
sple'nica, see Ague-cake. P. succenturia'ta, see Pla- 
centa. P. u'teri succenturia'ta, decidua. P., u'terine, 
maternal portion of the placenta. 
Placental, pla-sen'tal. Placentalis. Relating or ap- 
pertaining to the placenta ; possessed of a placenta, as 
a placental mammal. P. dysto'cia (dus, tokos, ac- 
couchement), difficult birth of placenta. P. mur'- 
mur or souffle, a sound heard on auscultation of the 
uterus in pregnancy, supposed to be due to placental 
circulation. P. phthi'sis, wasting of the placenta 
from inflammation, gangrene, degeneration, etc. P. 
si'nus, see Placenta. P. souffle, sound heard on auscul- 
tation over the placenta, but due to pressure of the 
uterine tumor on the large vessels of the mother. 
Placenta'lia. Mammals having a placenta. 
Placentary, plah-sen'ta-re. Placental. 
Placenta'tion.. Formation of a placenta. 
Placentitis, plah-sen-te'tis {placenta, itis). Inflam- 
mation of the placenta. 
Placentula, plas-en'tu-lah (a little cake) (dim. of 
Placenta, a cake). Budimental placenta; placenta 
of an abortion. 
Placoid, plak'oid. Resembling a plate. 
Placoitis, plak-o-e'tis {plakous, placenta). Placen- 
titis. 
Placountitis or Placuntitis, plak-oun-te'tis {plakous, 
placenta, itis). Placentitis. 
Placous, plak'us. A cake ; hence the placenta. 
Placuntechos, plak-unt-ek'os {plakous, placenta, 
echos, echo). See Placental murmur. 
874 
PLAISTER 
Placus (plak'us) Chinen'sis. Plant employed by 
the Chinese in applications to ulcers and in diseases 
involving skin provided with hair; the root is given 
in coughs. 
Pladaroma, plad-ar-o'mah {pladaroma'). Pladarosis. 
Pladarosis, plad-ar-o'sis {pladaros, humid). Soft 
tumor on the eyelid, unaccompanied with redness or 
pain; thickening of the palbebral conjunctiva; 
trachoma. 
Pladarotes, plad-ar-o'tees. Pladarosis. 
Plaga, plag'ah. Wound; formerly any kind of 
wound or disease caused by violence. P. ig'nis, 
anthrax. 
Plagiobolia, plag-e-o-bol'e-ah {plagios, to one side, 
ballo, to throw). Imperfect emission of sperm into 
the vagina; emission to one side, sometimes practised 
to render impregnation less probable. 
Plagiocephalia, plag-e-o-sef-al'e-ah. See Plagio- 
cephalic. 
Plagiocephalic, plag-e-o-sef-al'ik {plagios, to one 
side, kephale, head). Having the skull twisted to one 
side; this oblique asymmetrical condition being called 
plagiocephalia. 
Plague, plaig {plege, a blowr, a stroke). Pestis, P. 
Orientalis, Pest, Levant plague, Adeno-nervous fever, 
Septic or Glandular pestilence, The sickness. Eminently 
malignant disease endemic in the Levant; frequently 
epidemic, and destroying at least two-thirds of those 
it attacks. A fever of the most aggravating kind, with 
affection of the lymphatic glands of the groins or ax- 
illae and carbuncles. Its miasmata-it has been con- 
ceived-adhere to different organic textures, to wool- 
len goods, clothing, and furniture, and may thus be 
transported to a considerable distance; but this is 
disputed. Period of incubation, two to seven days; 
typical attack begins with sudden prostration, head- 
ache, dizziness, and occasionally vomiting and diar- 
rhoea ; mean duration of the disease, six or seven 
days; some die in twrenty-four hours, others not till 
ten or twelve days. Pathological anatomy has af- 
forded little light with respect to it. Various means 
have been used for arresting it, but none have seemed 
to be pre-eminently distinguished. The great point 
is to watch the indications as they develop them- 
selves, and to treat the case, in general, like one of 
typhus gravior. For preventing the importation and 
spread of the plague the quarantine laws were insti- 
tuted ; and when the disease has actually appeared a 
cordon sanitaire has been drawn around the infected 
district so as to prevent all communication. P. of 
Antoni'nus, severe febrile disease which prevailed 
in the Roman empire during the reign of Antoninus. 
P. of Ath'ens, febrile disease which raged at Athens 
during the Peloponnesian war, in the fifth century 
before the Christian era, a description of which is 
given in Thucydides. It was characterized by a cu- 
taneous eruption, accompanied by small ulcerations, 
vomiting, affection of the respiratory organs, and 
diarrhoea. P., black, death, black. P., cold, severe 
form of congestive fever, seen in the Southern States. 
Bilious pneumonia, in which there is no reaction, has 
been also so called. P. cross, cross formerly affixed 
by the authorities to the door of a house in which 
there was plague. P., great, of London, last visita- 
tion, in London, of the plague, in 1665, the year be- 
fore the great fire, which gave occasion to the re- 
building of a large portion of the city and to improved 
sanitary arrangements. On the 15th of September, 
Evelyn records the deaths of the preceding week at 
5000, and in another week of September they reached 
nearly 10,000. P.( hunger, fever, relapsing. P., Pa'll, 
malignant fever, greatly resembling plague, which 
prevailed in Rajpootana in 1836. P. spot, plague 
token. P., swine, hog cholera. P. to'ken, Plague 
mark, Plague spot; mark by which one struck with 
the plague was known. Perhaps the early stage of 
Carbuncle in unfavorable cases. 
Plagula, plag'u-lah (dim. of Plaga). Compress, 
pledget, splint. 
Plain'tive. Lamenting; complaining. 
Plaister, plas'tur. Plaster. PLAKOUS 
Plakous, plak'us. A cake ; hence the placenta. 
Planaea, plan-e'ah (planus, flat). Fourth stage of 
development in embryo. * 
Plananthus (plan-an'thus) fastiga'tus. Lycopodium 
selago. P. sela'go, Lycopodium selago. 
Planaria (plan-ar'e-ah) latius'cula (planus, flat). 
Distoma hepaticum. 
Planarthragra, plan-arth'rag-rah (plane, wander- 
ing, arthron, joint, agra, seizure). Gout (wandering). 
Plancus, plan'kus (planea, plane, table). One the 
soles of whose feet are flat and devoid of the usual 
concavity. 
Plan'e (plane, wandering). Plexus. 
Plane of mastica'tion. Plane tangent to masticat- 
ing surface of teeth of upper jaw. P., me'sial, see 
Mesial. P. of regard', plane which contains lines 
of regard, and also point of fixation. 
Planes of mo'tion. Planes in which the visual line 
is moved in motions of the eye. 
Planesis, plan-a'sis. Wandering, as of the mind. 
Anxiety. 
Planetes, plan-e'tees (plane, wandering). Erratic. 
Epithet given to diseases whose returns are irregular; 
especially intermittent fever. 
Planetica (pla-net'e-kah) arthri'tis. Gout (wan- 
dering). 
Planet-struck, plan'et-struk. The state of one sud- 
denly stricken, without apparent cause, as if by the 
influence of the stars or planets, with apoplexy, 
paralysis, phrenitis, etc. 
Planicus, plan'ik-us. Planetes. 
Planipedes, plan-ip'e-dees (planus, flat, pes, foot). 
Steganopodes. 
Planities (plan-ish'e-ees) pe'dis (planus, flat). Sole. 
Planobolia, plan-o-bol'e-ah (plane, wandering, ballo, 
to throw). Imperfect emission of sperm into the 
vagina ; emission to one side, sometimes practised to 
render impregnation less probable. See Plagiobolia. 
Plano-concave, pla'no-kon'kave (planus, plane, con- 
cavus, concave). Plane on one side and concave on 
the other. 
Plano-conical, pla'no-kon'e-kal (planus, conicus, 
conical). Plane on one side and conical on the 
other. In optics, a lens. 
Plano-convex, pla'no-kon'veks. Plane on one side 
and convex on the other. 
Planodia, plan-o'de-ah (plane, wandering, hodos, 
way). False passage, as from introducing the catheter. 
Pianomania, plan-o-man'e-ah. Insane desire to 
leave home and wander about. 
Plant, aerial. Plant which is nourished solely by 
air. P., dys'entery, Oldenlandia globosa. P., for'ci- 
ble, Bupleurum rotundifolium. P., hu'mus, sapro- 
phyte. P., lit'mus, Chrozophora tinctoria. 
Plan'ta. Sole. P. noc'tis, hydroa, sudamina. 
P. pe'dis, sole. P. pri'ma pe'dis, tarsus. 
Plantago, plan-tah'go (planta, sole, from resem- 
blance of the leaves). P. major, Great plantain, Way- 
bread, ord. Plantaginacese. The leaves have been 
said to be refrigerant, attenuant, substyptic, and 
diuretic. P. aquat'ica, Alisma plantago. P. arena'- 
ria, European species. P. corda'ta, Heartleaved plan- 
tain. P. coron'opus, Coronopodium, Plantago, Buckshorn 
plantain, has similar properties. P. isphaghu'la, 
India; seeds are demulcent and astringent. P. lan- 
ceola'ta, Ribgrass. P. ma'jor, plantago. P. nit'ida, 
P. psyllium. P. psyl'lium, P. nitida, Branching plan- 
tain, Fleawort; seeds have a nauseous, mucilaginous 
taste. The decoction of the seeds is recommended 
in hoarseness and roughness of the fauces. P. Vir- 
gin'ica, White plantain or Ribwort, indigenous, have 
properties like Plantago major. P. vulga'ris, plantago. 
Plantain (plan'tan), branch'ing. Plantago psyllium. 
P., bucks'horn, Plantago coronopus. P., com'mon, 
plantago. P., great, Plantago major. P., heart- 
leaved, Plantago cordata. P. meal, see Musa para- 
disiaca. P., rat'tlesnake, Goodyera pubescens. P., 
rob'in's, Erigeron bellifolium. P., true, Musa para- 
disiaca. P., wa'ter, Alisma plantago; Unisema delti- 
folia. P., white, Plantago Virginica. 
Plantar, plan'tar (planta). Plantaris. Relating or 
875 
PLANUM 
belonging to the sole of the foot. This epithet has 
been given to several parts. P. aponeuro'sis, P. 
fascia, a thick, dense, resisting aponeurosis, of a tri- 
angular shape and superficially situate, occupying 
the middle and sides of the sole of the foot, and fur- 
nishing insertions to several of the muscles of the 
region, either directly or through the medium of 
septa which it sends between them. P. arch, see 
Plantar arteries. P. ar'teries, two in number, arising 
from the extremity of the posterior tibial artery. 
They are distinguished into: The internal plantar 
artery, situate above the abductor pollicis pedis. It 
extends from the termination of the posterior tibial 
to the trunk of. one of the collaterals of that toe. 
The external plantar artery is larger than the pre- 
ceding, and ought to be considered as the termination 
of the posterior tibial. Situate above the flexor 
communis digitorum pedis, it extends from beneath 
the calcaneum to the posterior extremity of the last 
metatarsal space. When it has reached this part it 
turns from without inward, advances toward the pos- 
terior extremity of the first metatarsal bone, and 
anastomoses with the perforating branch of the dor- 
salis tarsi. In the first part of its course it furnishes 
calcaneal, articular, muscular, and adipous branches. 
The second portion of the artery is called the plantar 
arch or cross. It gives branches in all directions. 
The inferior and posterior have received no name. 
The superior-three in number-are the poste- 
rior perforating arteries. The anterior branches 
are larger, and there are commonly four. They 
furnish the anterior perforating and the collaterals of 
the last four toes. P. cross, see Plantar arteries. P. 
fas'cia, P. aponeurosis. P. interos'seous mus'cles, 
interosseous muscles. P. lig'aments, name given to 
the inferior ligaments which unite the bones of the 
tarsus and metatarsus, to distinguish them from the 
superior, called dorsal. P. metatar'sal ar'teries, 
plantar interosseous arteries. P. mus'cle, muscle 
situate at the posterior part of the leg; is long, thin, 
and narrow. Above, it is attached to the posterior part 
of the external condyle of the os femoris; below, it 
terminates by a long tendon which is attached to the 
posterior and inner part of the calcaneum. This 
muscle extends the leg on the foot, and conversely ; 
it can also assist in the flexion of the leg on the 
thigh. P. nerves are two in number, and are fur- 
nished by the termination of the posterior tibial nerve; 
they are distinguished into-1. The internal plantar 
nerve, which extends from the inferior part of the 
tibial nerve to both sides of the first three toes and 
the inner side of the fourth. It furnishes branches to 
the abductor of the great toe, to the short flexor of 
the toes, to the accessory, to the short flexor of the 
great toe, the lumbricales, etc. 2. The external plan- 
tar nerve proceeds from the termination of the poste- 
rior tibial to the posterior extremity of the fifth 
metatarsal bone, and gives branches to the flexor 
brevis digitorum pedis, the accessory, and the abduc- 
tor of the little toe. This trunk subsequently divides 
into two branches: the one-profunda-is distributed 
to the short flexor of the great toe, the interosseous 
and abductor pollicis pedis; the other-superficialis- 
sends filaments to the short flexor of the little toe, 
the two sides of that toe, the outer side of the fourth, 
and the last lumbricalis. P. re'gions or sur'faces are 
different regions or surfaces of the sole of the foot. 
Three are generally reckoned-the internal, middle, 
and external. P. tu'bercle, tubercle on plantar sur- 
face of first metatarsal bone, to which tendon of 
peroneus longus muscle attaches. P. veins follow 
an arrangement similar to that of the arteries. 
Planta'ria. Dengue. 
Planta'ris. Plantar; P. muscle. P. superfic'ies 
pe'dis, sole. P. ve'rus, see Flexor longus digitorum 
pedis profundus perforans (accessorius). 
Plantarium, plan-tar'e-um (nursery ground ; planta, 
a plant). Pubes. 
Planula, plan'u-lah. Embryo of Coelenterata pro- 
vided with cilia. 
Planum aponeuroticum diaphragmatis, plan'um PLANURIA 
ap-on-u-rot'ik-um de-ah-frag'mat-is {planus, flat, level, 
smooth). Tendinous expansion of the diaphragm. 
P. auricula're, auricular surface of ilium. P. cir- 
culate elas'ticum, sphincter of bladder. P. fibro'- 
sum dorsa'le transver'sum, transverse ligament 
on dorsum of wrist. P. infraorbita'le, portion of 
orbital surface of superior maxillary bone on exter- 
nal side of sutura infraorbitalis. P. is'chii, inner 
surface of ischium. P. nucha'le, surface between 
superior curved line of os occipitis and foramen mag- 
num. P. occipita'le, surface above upper curved 
line of occipital bone. P. orbita'le, see Maxillary 
bone {superior). P. os, papyraceous or orbital plate 
of the ethmoid-Lamina papyracea, Lamella plana. 
P. os'sis isch'ii, inner surface of ischium. P. pe'dis, 
sole. P. poplite'um, popliteal surface. P. semiluna'- 
tum, half-moon shaped surface by which ends of 
crista acustica are connected to ampulla of semicir- 
cular canal. P. sphenoida'le, flat surface anterior 
to optic groove on superior region of sphenoid bone. 
P. sterna'le, anterior portion of thorax. P. supe'- 
rius lin'guse, upper surface of the tongue. P. tem- 
pora'le, a somewhat flattened portion of the temporal 
fossa. 
Planuria, plan-u're-ah {plane, a wandering, ouron, 
urine). Discharge of urine through unwonted ways. 
Plaques (plaks) of Peyer. See Peyeri glandules. 
Plas'ma {plasma, thing formed). Liquor sanguinis. 
Pharmaceutical preparation from glycerin and starch 
heated together. It constitutes the basis of different 
ointments. Called also Glycamil. P., histiogenet'ic, 
body protoplasm from which tissue is regenerated. 
P., lymph, see Lymph. P., mus'cle, see Muscle. P., 
somat'ic, plasma, histiogenetic. 
Plasmasome, plaz'ma-some {plasma, thing formed, 
soma, body). Separate particle of plasma. 
Plasmatic (plaz-mat'ik) or Plasmat'ical {plasso, 
to form). Having the power to form; plastic. P. 
cur'rent, external colorless space, devoid of red 
corpuscles, noticed in blood-vessels, with the aid 
of a microscope, in contradistinction to axial cur- 
rent. 
Plasmexhidrosis, plaz-meks-hid-ro'sis {plasma, ex, 
out of, hidrosis, perspiration). Exudation of the 
plasma of the blood from the vessels. 
Plasmic, plaz'mik. Relating or appertaining to the 
plasma of the blood. 
Plasmin, plaz'min. Matter contained in blood 
thought to produce fibres. 
Plasmochyma, plaz-mok'im-ah. Heteroplasia; 
paraplasm. 
Plasmodiseresis, plaz-mo-de-air'es-is {plasma, diaire- 
sis, division). Division of cellular body. 
Plasmo'dium mala'rise {plasma, thing formed, 
eidos, form). Organism found in malarial blood, 
probably a changed or modified condition of the 
red corpuscles, perhaps due to the action of a 
bacillus. 
Plasmogen, plaz'mo-jen {plasma, thing formed, 
gennao, to produce). True protoplasm. 
Plasmology, plaz-mol'o-je {plasma, thing formed, 
logos, description). Histology. 
Plasmolysis, plaz-mol'is-is {plasma, lusis, loosing). 
Contraction of protoplasm in active cells, due to ac- 
tion of reagents. 
Plasmoma, plaz-mo'mah {plasma, oma). Fibroplas- 
tic growth. 
Plasson, plas'son {plasso, to form). Protoplasm. 
Piaster {emplastron, plasso, to smear). Emplas- 
trum. P., ac'onite, emplastrum aconiti. P., adhe'- 
sive, emplastrum resinae; sparadrapum adhsesivum. 
P., adhe'sive, Baynton's, see Emplastrum resinee. P., 
adhe'sive, of pitch and resins, emplastrum de pice 
et resinis glutinans. P., ammo'niac, emplastrum am- 
moniaci. P., ammo'niac, with mercury, emplastrum 
ammoniaci cum hydrargyro. P. of an'timony, em- 
plastrum antimonii. P., antisep'tic, plaster made by 
dipping ordinary adhesive plaster in a hot solution 
of carbolic acid (1 to 60). P., antisep'tic lac, plaster 
made, according to Professor Lister, by heating shel- 
lac, three parts, with crystallized carbolic acid, one 
876 
PLASTIC 
part. P. of ar'nica, emplastrum arnicee. P., aro- 
mat'ic, emplastrum aromaticum. P., asafce'tida, 
emplastrum asafoetidae. P. of belladon'na, emplas- 
trum belladonnse. P., black, see Emplastrum plumbi. 
P., blis'ter, blister. P., blistering, emplastrum lyt- 
t;e. P. of blistering fly, emplastrum lyttae. P., 
Bur'gundy pitch, emplastrum picis Burgundicae. P., 
calefa'cient, emplastrum calefaciens. P. of Can'ada 
pitch, emplastrum picis Canadensis. P. of canthar'- 
ides, compound, emplastrum lyttae compositum. P., 
cephaltc, emplastrum picis compositum. P., chalyb'- 
eate, emplastrum ferri. P., corn, sparadrapum vi- 
ride. P., corn, Ken'nedy's, sparadrapum viride. P., 
court, English, see Ichthyocolla, Sparadrapum adheesi- 
vum. P., cum'min, emplastrum cumini. P., defen- 
sive, sparadrapum Galteri. P., diach'ylon, emplas- 
trum plumbi. P., fly, emplastrum lyttae. P., frank'- 
incense, emplastrum thuris. P., gal'banum, emplas- 
trum galbani. P., gal'banum, com'pound, emplas- 
trum galbani compositum. P., gum, emplastrum 
gummosum. P. of gum-restns, emplastrum cum 
gum-resinis. P., hem'lock, emplastrum cicutae. P., 
hemlock pitch, emplastrum picis Canadensis. P. of 
i'odide of lead, see EmpZastrnm plumbi. P. of i'odide 
of potas'sium, emplastrum potassii iodidi, P. of 
i'ron, emplastrum ferri. P., i'singlass, see Spara- 
drapum adhxsivum. P., is'sue, sparadrapum profon- 
ticulus. P., lead, emplastrum plumbi. P. machine, 
machine for spreading plasters, used by the phar- 
macist. P., mercu'rial, or P. of mer'cury, com- 
pound, emplastrum hydrargyri compositum. P., 
mus'tard, cataplasma sinapis. P., Nuremberg, em- 
plastrum Norimbergense. P., o'pium, emplastrum 
opii. P. of Paris, calcii sulphas. P., pitch, see Depil- 
atory and picis Burgundicae. P. of pitch 
with canthar'ides, emplastrum calefaciens. P., pitch, 
com'pound, emplastrum picis compositum. P., poor 
man's, see Poor man's plaster. P. of potas'sium 
i'odide, emplastrum potassii iodidi. P. of red lead, 
see Emplastrum plumbi. P. of red ox'ide of i'ron, 
emplastrum oxidi ferri rubri. P., res'in, emplastrum 
resinte. P., soap ce'rate, emplastrum cerati saponis. 
P. of Span'ish flies, emplastrum lyttae. P. of Span'ish 
flies, com'pound, emplastrum lyttae compositum. P., 
spice, see .EnipZastrwn aromaticum. P., stick'ing, em- 
plastrum resinae. P., strength'ening, emplastrum 
ferri; emplastrum oxidi ferri rubri. P. of Vi'go, see 
Emplastrum hydrargyri compositum. P., warm, em- 
plastrum calefaciens. P., warm'ing, emplastrum cale- 
faciens. P., wax, emplastrum cerae. 
Plas'ter-of-Par'is jack'et. Sayre's method of ap- 
plying plaster bandage in orthopaedic surgery. 
Plas'tic (plastikos, formative). That which forms 
or serves to form. P. bronchi'tis, pseudomembranous 
bronchitis. P. el'ement, one which bears within it 
the germs of a higher form. Plastic, histogenic, or 
organoleptic elements of nutrition are those elements 
of food which go to the formation of organized tissue. 
Agents-hygienical or curative-which take part in 
such formations may be termed histotrophic or con- 
structive. See Aliment. P. force, Plasticity, Force of 
nutrition, F. of assimilation, F. of formation, F. of veg- 
etation, generative or formative power in organized 
bodies. P. lymph, liquor sanguinis. P. sur'gery, 
anaplastic or autoplastic surgery, autoplasty; opera- 
tion for restoration of lost parts. Operations for this 
purpose have various names according to the part 
concerned, as cheiloplasty (plastic operation on the 
cheek), rhinoplasty (plastic operation on the nose), 
etc. The following table gives a modern view of 
the methods used in plastic surgery (J. B. Roberts): 
Methods Used in Plastic Surgery. 
Displacement-stretching or sliding of tissues. 
I. Simple approximation after fastening the edges, as in hare- 
lip, vesico-vaginal fistule, and notches caused by tear- 
ing out ear-rings. 
II. Sliding into position after transferring tension to adjoining 
localities, as in v-shaped incision for ectropium and 
cicatricial contraction of joints after burns, and in 
linear incisions to allow stretching of skin to cover 
large wounds and to relax contracted parts. PL.ASTICISMUS 
Interpolation-borrowing material from adjacent regions, 
from a limb, or from another person. 
I. Transferring flap with a pedicle. 
[When a flap is borrowed from the arm or hand there is 
less necessity for rotating and twisting than when it is taken 
from the neighborhood of the organ to be constructed. The 
latter is generally the preferred method, however, because 
less irksome to the patient than the former with its con- 
strained posture.] 
A. Putting it in place at once: 
1. By rotating flap on the pedicle in its own plane 
through one-fourth or one-half a circle, as in 
making upper eyelid or nose from forehead. 
2. By twisting flap on its pedicle, as in making 
side of nose from lip. 
3. By everting flap entirely so that raw surface is 
uppermost, as in covering exstrophy of blad- 
der by a scrotal flap. 
4. Superimposing one flap on another which has 
been everted. This is done where a thick wall 
is desirable, as in closing the front of an ex- 
strophy of the bladder. 
5. By jumping or carrying flap across a bridge of 
skin, and fixing only its end to the part to be 
repaired. When the flap has become attached 
the pedicle is severed. This manoeuvre is 
rarely employed. 
B. Putting in place gradually by successive migrations, 
by same manoeuvres as when the flap is placed 
*at once in its permanent position. 
This method is not very commonly needed, 
but may be valuable when there is nothing 
but cicatricial material in the immediate vi- 
cinity of the part to be repaired. 
II. Transplanting without a pedicle. 
a. By carefully suturing or fixing in the gap areas of 
tissue recently dissected from distant regions 
or taken from the lower animals ; such as re- 
placing the bone button after trephining, in- 
serting portions of nerve-trunks in wounded 
nerves, etc. 
b. By skin-grafting with small pieces of large shavings 
of skin. This is the manoeuvre of this class 
that has been followed by the greatest success. 
As it lessens cicatricial contraction it may be 
advantageously used at times in plastic opera- 
tions that necessarily leave surfaces to heal 
by granulation. Skin from the frog's abdo- 
men may answer well. 
c. By readjusting finger-tips, ears, and noses recently 
completely severed by injuries. 
Retrenchment-removing superfluous material and caus- 
ing cicatricial contraction. 
I. By cutting out elliptical or semi-elliptical pieces of tis- 
sue, as in ptosis, cystocele, and prolapse of the rectum. 
II. By cutting out triangular or wedge-shaped portions of 
tissue, as in closing the vaginal aperture, decreasing 
the size of a lip, ear, or nose, and separating webbed 
fingers. 
Plasticismus (plas-te-sis'mus), or Plasticitas (plas- 
tis'it-as), or Plasticity, plas-tis'it-e (plasso, to form). 
Plastic force. 
Plas'ticule. Plastidule. 
Plastidules, plas'tid-ules. Smallest particles con- 
stituting matter imbued with life. 
Plastilytic, plas-til-it'ik (plasso, to form, luo, to 
loose). Diminishing the quantity of plastic matter 
in the blood. 
Plastilyticum (plas-til-it'ik-um) haematolyt'icum. 
Having a diminution of red corpuscles or of plastic 
matter in the blood. 
Plastin, plas'tin. One of the important proteids 
occurring in protoplasm. 
Plastinx, plas'tinks. Ancient apparatus for re- 
ducing dislocations. 
Plastocolysis, plas-to-kol'is-is. Defective growth. 
Plastodynamia, plas-to-din-am'e-ah (plasso, to form, 
dunamis, force). Manifestation of nutritive activity 
or power. 
Plastodynam/ic (plasso, to form, dunamis, force). 
Relating to nutritive activity or power. 
Plastoprolepsis, plas-to-pro-lep'sis (plasso, to form, 
prolambano, to preoccupy). Very rapid development 
of a part. 
Plas'tron. Sternum with costal cartilages attached, 
which is removed in post-mortems. 
Pla'ta (platus, broad). Scapula. 
Platano. Musa sapientum. 
Platanthera orblculata, plat-an-tha'rah or-bik-u- 
lat'ah (platus, wide, anthe, flower). Large round- 
leaved orchid; indigenous; ord. Orchidaceae. The 
877 
PLATYELMIA 
leaves are large, soft, and fleshy, and are used for 
dressing blisters. 
Platanus, plat'an-us (platus, broad). Musa para- 
disiaca. P. acerifo'lia, plane tree of North America. 
Like the eucalyptus, when grown in low marshy 
ground it exerts a beneficial influence in checking 
malarious emanations. 
Platea, plat'e-ah (platus, broad). Bothriocephalus 
latus. 
Plate, ambulac'ral. See Ambulacrum. P. approxi- 
mation, see Anastomosis, intestinal. P., ax'ial, primi- 
tive streak of blastoderm. P., blood, see Blood. P., 
crib'riform, see Ethmoid. P., electrical, see Elec- 
tricity. P., end, see End-plate. P., gray, lamina 
cinerea. P., me'sial, see Visceral. P., mototial, 
see Notarial end-plate. P., or'bital, os planum. P., 
Senn's, see Anastomosis, intestinal. P., spi'ral, lamina 
spiralis. P., vis'ceral, see Visceral. 
Plate'bone. Scapula. 
Plate-culture. Culture of microbes on gelatin on 
a plate. See Culture and Bacteria. 
Plateiastna. Platiasmus. 
Plate'let. Small plate. 
Plates, Mans'ford's. See Galvanism. 
Platetrope, plat'e-trope (platus, trepo, to turn). 
Term applied, in bodies which have the same shape 
on both sides, to part which corresponds on the other 
side of the body. 
Platias'mus (platus, broad). Excessive develop- 
ment of the lips, causing articulation to be imperfect. 
Platinibromide, plat-in-e-bro'mide. Salt haemato- 
blasts or blood-plaques of bromoplatinic acid. 
Platinichloride, plat-in-e-klor'ide. Chlorplatinate. 
Platini-iodlde, plat-in-e-i'od-ide. Salt in which 
platinum tetraiodide is combined with an iodide. 
Platinithiocyanate, plat-in-ith-e-o-si'an-ate. Pla- 
tinic thiocyanate in combination with base of a thio- 
cyanate. 
Platinobromide, plat-in-o-bro'mide. Compound 
consisting of platinum dibromide with bromide of 
an element. 
Platinochloride, plat-in-o-klor'ide. Compound con- 
sisting of platinum dichloride with chloride of an 
element. 
Platinocyanide, plat-in-o-si'an-ide. Salt of hydro- 
platinocyanic acid. 
Platinode, plat'in-ode. Cathode. 
Platinum, plat'in-um (plata, silver). Platina. The 
preparations of platinum resemble in therapeutical 
properties those of gold. The bichloride, platini bichlo- 
ridum, made by dissolving platinum in aquae regia, 
and the double chloride of platinum and sodium, sodii 
chloroplatinas, chloroplatinate of sodium, prepared 
by dissolving bichloride of platinum and pure chlo- 
ride of sodium, in proper proportions, in water, 
evaporating and crystallizing, are the preparations 
used. They are not much prescribed. 
Platula, plat'u-lah (platus, broad). See Pediculus. 
Plat'y (platus, broad), In composition, broad. 
Platybregmate, plat-e-breg'mate (platy, bregma). 
See Cranium. 
Platycephalic (plat-e-sef-al'ik) or Platyceph'alous 
(platy, kephale, head). Having a broad skull. 
Platycnemia, plat-ik-na'me-ah. Breadth and flat- 
ness of a bone of the leg, especially the tibia. 
Platycnemic, plat-ik-ne'mic (platus, broad, kneme, 
a leg). Appearance of a bone of the leg, especially 
the tibia, when broad and flattened on the sides. 
Some African tribes have the femur so constituted. 
Platycnemism, plat-ik-ne'mizm. Breadth and flat- 
ness of tibiae. 
Platycoelian, plat-e-se'le-an. Opisthoccetous. 
Platycoria (plat-e-kor'e-ah) or Platycoriasis, plat- 
e-kor-e'as-is (platukoria, platy, kore, pupil). Mydri- 
asis. 
Platydolichocephalic, plat - e- dol-e-ko- sef - al' ik 
(platus, broad, dolichos, long, kephale, head). Relating 
to a flat and narrow skull. 
Platyelmia, plat-e-el'me-a (platy, helmins, worm). 
Variety of worms, long and flat, including, among 
others, tapeworms, taeniadae, etc. PLATYELMINS 
Platyelmins, plat-e-el'mins (platy, helmins, worm). 
Bothriocephalus. 
Platyglossus, plat-e-glos'sus (platus, broad, glossa, 
tongue). Having a broad tongue. 
Platyhieric, plat-e-hi'er-ik (platy, hieros, sacred or 
sacrum). Having the sacrum in breadth greater than 
its length. 
Platylobus, plat-il'o-bus (platus, broad, lobos, lobe). 
Having broad lobes. 
Platymesaticephalic (plat-e-mes-at-e-sef-al'ik) or 
Platymesocephal'ic (platys, broad). Term applied to 
skull when platycephalic and mesaticephalic at the 
same time. 
Platynosis, plat-e-no'sis (platus, nosos, disease). 
Enlargement due to disease. Morbid extension of 
parts. 
Platyophthalmus, plat-e-of-thal'mus (platy, oph- 
thalmos, eye). One who has broad eyes. 
Platypel'lic or Platypelvic, plat-e-pel'vik (platus, 
pelus, pelvis). Having a broad pelvis. 
Platypodia, plat-e-po'de-ah (platy, pons, foot). Con- 
dition of flat-footedness. See Kyllosis. 
Platypus, plat'e-pus (platupous). See Kyllosis. 
Platypygous, plat-ip'i-gus (platus, broad, puge, but- 
tock). Having broad buttocks. 
Plat'yrrhine or Platyrhine, plat'ir-rheen (platus, 
broad, rhis, nose). Having a flat nose; term used in 
craniometry. 
Plat'yrrhiny or Platyrhiny, plat'ir-rhin-e. Con- 
dition in which there is a platyrrhine skull. 
Platysma, plat-iz'mah (platus, broad). Anything 
broadly extended; spread plaster. P. myoi'des or 
myo'des, muscle situate superficially on the lateral 
parts of the neck; flat, broad, and quadrilateral. 
Its fibres, which are all parallel to each other, 
pass obliquely upward and from without inward. 
They arise from the areolar tissue, which covers 
the anterior and superior part of the chest, pass 
before the clavicle, and proceed to attach themselves 
at the interior part of the symphysis menti, at the 
external oblique line of the jaw, and at the com- 
missure of the lips. The fibres of this last insertion 
form a distinct fasciculus, called by some anatomists 
Musculus risorius Santorini. The platysma myoides de- 
presses the commissure of the lips and carries it out- 
ward ; contributes, also, to the depression of the lower 
jaw. When it contracts, it wrinkles the skin of the 
neck transversely. 
Platysternus, plat-e-ster'nus (platy, sternon, ster- 
num). Broad, well-developed chest. 
Platystomus, plat-is'to-mus (platy, stoma, mouth). 
Having a broad mouth. 
Plau'tus. One the soles of whose feet are flat and 
devoid of the usual concavity. 
Plax (plaks). Genus of Schizomycetes. P. scin'- 
dens, organism met with in blood and urine of indi- 
viduals suffering with scarlet fever. 
Ple'chas. Perineum. 
Plec'tanaa. Cornua uteri. 
Plectane, plek'tan-a (pleko, to twine). Fold; plex- 
us ; also cornu of the uterus. 
Plectrum, plek'trum. Styloid process of the tem- 
poral bone; uvula; tongue. 
Pledget, plej'et. A small compress of lint, applied 
over wounds, ulcers, etc., to preserve them from the 
contact of air, to retain dressings in situ, and to ab- 
sorb discharges. 
Plegaphonia (pleg-ah-fo'ne-ah) or Plegaphony, 
pleg-ah'fo-ne (plege, blow, phone, sound). Sound 
elicited in percussion of the larynx when the glottis 
is open at the same time. 
Plege, pla'ge. Blow ; stroke. 
Pleg'ma. Plectane; plege; plexus. 
Plegometer, pleg-om'e-tur (plege, stroke, metron, 
measure). Pleximeter. 
Pleiomasthus, pli-o-mas'thus (pieion, more, masthos, 
breast). A monster having several breasts. 
Pleiomazia, pli-o-maz'e-ah (pieion, mazes, breast). 
See Polymasthus. 
Plemmyria, plem-mir'e-ah. Plethora. 
Ple'na muTier (a full woman). Pregnant. 
878 
J PLETHORA 
Plenalvia, plen-al've-ah (plenus, full, alvus, abdo- 
men), Grain-sick, Mawbound. Impaction of the paunch 
or rumen of cattle. 
Plen'ltude or Plenitu'do (plenus, full). Plethora; 
fulness. 
Ple'no ri'vo (in full stream). Term applied to the 
blood when it flows freely from the vein in venesec- 
tion. 
Pleocatantes, ple-o-kat-au'tees (pleon, katantes, 
downward). Said of skulls in which angle is formed 
by line uniting with radius between 45° and 67°. 
Pleochromat'ic (pleon, chroma, color). Highly col- 
ored ; of intense color. 
Pleo-epignathus, ple'o-ep-ig-nath'us (pleon, epi, 
gnathos, jaw). A double monster in which an in- 
complete foetus is rooted, with its vessels, in the 
palate of one more complete. 
Pleomastia, ple-o-mas'te-ah (pleon, more, mastos, 
nipple). Condition of having several nipples devel- 
oped on one breast. See Polymasthus. 
Pleomazia, ple-o-maz'e-ah (pleon, more, mazos, 
breast). Condition in which there are more than the 
normal number of breasts. See Polymasthus. 
Pleomorphism, pie - o - mor' fizm (pleon, morphe, 
shape). Polymorphism. 
Pleon. Additional. 
Pleonasm, ple'o-nazm. Pleonasmus. 
Pleonasmus, ple-o-naz'mus (pleonazo, to abound). 
Abnormal or defective formation by excesssive abun- 
dance or size. 
Pleonectica (ple-o-nek'tik-ah) athym'ia or melan- 
cholia. Form of insanity characterized by a desire 
for gain or by covetousness. 
Pleonecticus, ple-o-nek'tik-us (pleon, more, echo, 
to have). Covetous; desirous to acquire; hence, 
mania pleonectica. 
Pleonexia, ple-o-neks'e-ah. Greediness or selfish- 
ness indicating diseased mental condition. 
Plerocercus, pler-o-sur'kus. Term applied to tape- 
worm when in larval state. 
Plerosis, pler-o'sis (pleres, full). Repletion. Eesto- 
ration of flesh after sickness; plethora. 
Plerot'ica. Medicines which were fancied to pro- 
mote the regeneration of the flesh. 
Pleroticus, pler-ot'ik-us (pleroo, to fill up). Pro- 
moting the regeneration of the flesh. 
Plesmone, pies'mo-ne. Intemperance; condition 
opposite to that of hunger. 
Ples'ser (plesso, to strike). Plexor. 
Plessigraph, ples'se-graf (plesso, to strike, grapho, 
to write). Instrument not only intended for the 
purposes of percussion, but also to indicate a change 
in the nature of the sound elicited. 
Plessimeter, ples-sim'e-ter. Pleximeter. 
Plethomeria, pleth-o-mer'e-ah (plethos, great num- 
ber, meros, part). Superabundance of parts, as in 
the case of six fingers to one hand. 
Pletho'ra. Plethory, Repletion, Sanguineness, Ful- 
ness. Superabundance of blood in the general system 
or in some part of it; hence the division of plethora 
into general and local, the latter being called, accord- 
ing to its seat, cerebral, pulmonary, uterine, etc. The 
principal symptoms of plethora exist in the circula- 
tory system: redness of the surface, swelling of the 
veins, increase in the fulness of the pulse, in the 
strength of the heart's pulsations, etc., with sponta- 
neous hemorrhages occasionally. With these are 
usually united general heaviness, torpor, lassitude, 
vertigo, tinnitus aurium, flushes of heat, etc. The 
blood of plethoric persons differs from healthy blood 
in the smaller ratio of water which it contains, and 
especially in the augmentation of the red corpuscles. 
P. arterio'sa, form in which the blood is rich in 
fibrin and red corpuscles, the arterial constitution. P., 
hydrse'mic, hydrsemia. P. hyperalbumino'sa, in- 
creased quantity of albumin in the blood. P., lo'cal, 
hyperaemia. P. partia'lis, hyperaemia. P. poly- 
cythae'mia, condition of the blood in which there is 
an increase of the red corpuscles. P., se'rous, con-- 
dition in which an excessive amount of serum is con- 
tained in the blood. PLETHORIC 
Plethoric, pleth-or'ik. Polysemic, Sanguine, San- 
guineous. Full of blood. Relating to or affected with 
plethora. 
Pleth'ory. Plethora. 
Ple'thos. Satiety. 
Plethysmograph, pleth-is'mo-graf (plethos, fulness, 
grapho, to write). Instrument for determining the 
difference in the size of parts of the body. 
Plethysmographic, pleth-iz-mo-graf'ik. Relating 
to the plethysmograph. 
Pleumon, plu'mon. The lung. 
Pleumo'nia. Pneumonia. 
Pleura, plu'rah (pleura). The pleurae are two thin, 
diaphanous, perspirable membranes lining each side 
of the chest, and are reflected thence upon each lung. 
Like other serous membranes-to which class they 
belong-each represents a sac without aperture. 
From the junction of the pleura of each side the me- 
diastina are formed. That portion of the pleura 
which lines the parietes of the chest is called Pleura 
costalis or parietalis; the portion that covers the 
lungs, Pleura pulmonalis. The arteries of the pleurae 
are from the intercostals, internal mammaries, phrenic, 
inferior thyroid, etc. The veins correspond with the 
arteries. They are also supplied with lymphatics. A 
fold of the pleura, reaching from the lower edge of 
the root of the lung to the diaphragm, is called liga- 
mentum latum pulmonis, broad ligament of the lung. 
Pleura is also used for cavity of the pleura, saccus 
pleurae. P., diaphragmatic, that portion of the 
pleura which lines the superficial part of the dia- 
phragm. P. pericardi'aca, pleura of the mediasti- 
num. P. phren'ica, pleura of the diaphragm. 
Pleurae, plu're (pl. of Pleura). Sides of the chest. 
Pleur'al. That which concerns the pleura. 
Pleuralgia, plu-ral'je-ah (pleura, side, algos, pain). 
See Pleurodynia. 
Pleurapophyses, plu-rap-of'is-ees (pleura, side, 
apophyses, processes). Costae verae, or true ribs. See 
Costa. 
Pleurapostema, plu-rap-os-ta'mah (pleura, apostema, 
abscess.) Empyema. 
Pleurarthrocace, plu-rar-throk'as-e (pleura, rib, 
arthron, joint, kakos, bad). Caries of the ribs. 
Pleurarthron, plu-rar'thron (pleura, rib, arthron, 
joint). Articulation of a rib. 
Pleuresia, plu-ra'se-ah. Pleuritis. 
Pieuresis, plu-ra'sis. Pleuritis. 
Pleurisy, plu'ris-e. See Pleuritis. P., bil'ious, 
pleurisy accompanied with bilious symptoms; the 
effect of duodenitis or duodenohepatitis. P., dry, 
see Pleuritis. P., false, pleurodynia. P., pneumat'ic, 
pleurodynia. P., hemorrhag'ic, haematothorax. P., 
la'tent, see Pleuritis. P. root, Asclepias tuberosa. 
P., ty'phoid, pleurisy accompanied with adynamic 
symptoms. 
Pleurites, plu-re'tees. Pleural. 
Pleuritic, plu-rit'ik (pleuritikos). Relating or apper- 
taining to pleuritis. 
Pleuritis, plu-re'tis. Pleurisy; inflammation of 
the pleura. It may be acute, subacute, or chronic. 
Perhaps the most violent of all internal inflammations 
is the active form; known by acute, lancinating pain 
on one side of the chest, increased by inspiration, by 
coughing, and often by pressure; dyspnoea, the in- 
spirations short and frequent; cough dry or with 
little expectoration; and difficulty of lying on the 
affected side, with symptoms attending the phleg- 
masise in general strongly marked. There are four 
varieties of pleurisy: acute, exudation mainly fibrous; 
subacute, exudation mainly serous; chronic or empy- 
ema, exudation mainly cells and pus; hydropneumo- 
thorax, air and fluid in the pleurse. Acute pleurisy 
may be primary or secondary. The pleura becomes 
thickened and rough, fibrous exudation occurs. Acute 
pleurisy can be divided into four stages: dry stage, or 
hypersemia; plastic stage; stage of liquid effusion; and 
stage of absorption and adhesion. First stage. Inspec- 
tion, diminished movement of affected side ; percus- 
sion, negative; palpation, negative; auscultation, 
friction sound, grating or creaking. Second stage. In- 
879 
PLEURITIS 
spection, movements of affected side more dimin- 
ished ; palpation, diminished vocal fremitus; per- 
cussion, marked dulness; auscultation, crepitating 
friction sound at end of inspiration. Third stage.. In- 
spection, no visible motion; palpation, vocal fremitus 
absolutely suppressed; percussion, flatness on percus- 
sion ; auscultation, respiratory sounds below the level 
of the fluid are suppressed, above they are exagger- 
ated. Fourth stage. Normality reappears; friction 
sound; all signs diminished until they become nor- 
mal. Physical signs: Seldom any perceptible altera- 
tion in the exterior of the chest. When effusion 
has taken place to a great extent, the signs will be 
similar to those of chronic pleurisy. Motion of the 
affected side is diminished, and the vibrations of the 
voice cannot be detected by the hand. More or less 
dulness of sound on percussion, the dulness diminish- 
ing or disappearing by change of position. On aus- 
cultation the inspiration is feeble, distant, or inaudi- 
ble, but change of position modifies it. Egophony is 
usually present when the effusion is in moderate 
quantity, and is best heard over a portion of the 
thoracic parietes represented by a band of three 
inches running from below the inferior margins of 
the scapula in the direction of the ribs to the ster- 
num. Simple pleurisy rarely attacks both sides at 
once. When such is the case the presence of tuber- 
cles may be suspected. Formerly, a true pleurisy 
meant one seated in the pleura; a mediastinal pleurisy, 
one situated in the anterior mediastinum; and false 
pleurisy or rheumatic pleurisy, that which occupied 
the intercostal muscles. The last has received the 
name pleurodynia, that of pleurisy being exclusively 
appropriated to inflammation of the pleura. Pleurisy 
has also been distinguished into dry or humid, ac- 
cording as it is or is not accompanied by expectora- 
tion. Humid or moist pleurisy is now properly re- 
garded as a complication of pleurisy with pulmonary 
catarrh. It is the catarrhal pleurisy of some. In 
Latent pleurisy pain, cough, and dyspnoea may all be 
absent, and yet a serious amount of effusion occur. 
The term Dry pleurisy, Pleuritis sicca, has been given 
by Niemeyer to a form of the disease without any 
effusion except a merely nutritive exudation. 
The causes of pleurisy are like those of other in- 
ternal inflammations. It may terminate by resolution, 
effusion, or suppuration. Chronic pleurisy may form 
slowly, without evident symptoms, or may succeed 
acute pleurisy. In the former case vague pains are 
felt in the chest, with small dry cough, oppression at 
intervals, shivering, irregular febrile symptoms, and 
hardness of pulse. It most frequently terminates by 
a serous or purulent effusion, which sometimes simu- 
lates hydrothorax; at others, phthisis pulmonalis. 
Physical signs: Affected side is smoother, more 
rounded, and motionless; the intercostal spaces are 
dilated and filled up, or may even protrude slightly. 
In very chronic cases, however, the affected side may 
be smaller. The triangular space above the clavicle 
and the depression immediately above the sternum 
are often drawn downward on the diseased side. No 
vibration is experienced by the hand when the patient 
speaks. The parietes of the thorax are sometimes 
cedematous, and fluctuation may occasionally be felt 
between the ribs. On percussion the sound is dull, 
or, if clear, only so in the upper portions of the chest. 
On auscultation an absence of the usual sounds over 
the affected parts, excepting occasionally transmitted 
sounds. On dissection of those who have died of 
pleurisy the pleura is found thickened, red, inflamed, 
and covered with membranous exudations or false 
membranes. Sometimes it seems cartilaginous and 
ossified. Its cavity frequently contains serous or sero- 
purulent effusions. The acute form of the disease re- 
quires most active treatment. To remove effusion, 
acetate of potash and infusum digitalis; flying blisters 
to affected side; also large doses of concentrated saline 
cathartics for removing the effusion. In pleuritic effu- 
sion on both sides an aspirator should be used as soon 
as possible. Potassium iodide and blisters, changing to 
mistura Basham and counter-irritation, are indicated PLEUROCELE 
in chronic pleurisy. The name Pleuritis ventosa or 
Pleurodynia ventosa is given to a pain behind the false 
ribs, attributed to the presence of air in the intestines. 
P. bilio'sa, bilious pleurisy. P. bronchiaTis, bron- 
chitis. P. costa'lis, pleuritis. P. defor'mans, form 
of pleurisy in which the pleura becomes thickened like 
fibro-cartilage. occurring in cirrhosis of the lungs. P. 
diaphragmat'ica, diaphragmitis. P. duplica'ta, bi- 
lateral pleurisy. P. hu'mida, bronchitis. P. idio- 
path'ica, pleuritis. P. legit'ima, pleuritis. P. mus- 
cula'ris, pleurodynia. P. notha, pleurodynia. P. peri- 
car'dii, pericarditis. P. pulmo'nis, pleuro-pneumonia. 
P. pul'sans, pulsating empyema. P. rheumat'ica, 
pleurodynia. P. sic'ca, see Pleuritis. P. spu'ria, pleu- 
rodynia. P. spu'ria simula'ta, pleurodynia. P. ty- 
phoi'des, typhoid pleurisy. P. vento'sa, see Pleuritis. 
P. ver a, pleuritis. 
Pieurocele, plu-ro-se'le (Eng. plu'ro-seel) (pleura, 
kele, tumor). Hernia of the pleura. An inaccurate 
term, as the pleura never protrudes alone. It only 
forms a hernia when it serves as an envelope to the 
lung, to tumors, or to purulent collections which have 
protruded from the thoracic parietes. 
Pleurocholecystitis, plu-ro-kol-e-sis-te'tis (pleura, 
chole, bile, kustis, bladder). Inflammation involving 
the pleura and gall-bladder. 
Pleurococcus (plu-ro-kok'kus) Beigel'ii. Vegetable 
fungus developed in human hair, improperly named 
Gregarine. 
Pleuroccenadelphus, plu-ro-se-nad-el'fus (pleura, 
koinos, common, adelphos, brother). Monster possessing 
two bodies which are connected by the trunks at the 
side. 
Pleurocol'ic lig'ament (pleuron, rib, colon). Iden- 
tical with costo-colic ligament. 
Pleurocollesis, plu-ro-kol-la'sis (pleura, kollao, to 
glue). Adhesion between the pleura costalis and 
pleura pulmonalis. 
Pleurocutaneous, plu-ro-ku-ta'ne-us. Extending 
through the pleura and skin; said of a fistula. 
Pleurodiplosyrinx, plu-ro-dip-lo-sir'inks (pleura, 
diploos, double, surinx, syringe). Double syringe used 
for washing out the pleura. 
Pleurodont, plu'ro-dont (pleura, odous, tooth). Pos- 
sessing teeth attached laterally to the lower jaw. 
Pleurodyn'ia (pleura, side, odune, pain). Pseudo- 
pleurisy, Pain in the side, Stitch in the side, False, Rheu- 
matic, or Rheumatismal pleurisy. Spasmodic or rheu- 
matic affection, generally in the muscles of the chest, 
and, ordinarily, in the intercostals. It is usually aug- 
mented by outward pressure, inspiration, coughing, 
exertion, moving the thorax, and sometimes even the 
corresponding arm. It is unaccompanied by fever, 
cough, or dyspnoea, excepting under the form of a 
stitch, when dyspnoea exists; is generally by no 
means obstinate, and yields promptly to the proper 
external applications. If it still resists, a blister will 
almost always remove it. P. vento'sa, see Pleuritis. 
Pleurodynic, plu-ro-din'ik. Pleurodynical. Relat- 
ing or belonging to pleurodynia. 
Pleurogenous, plu-roj'en-us (better Pleuritog'e- 
nous). Producing pleuritis, as P. pneumonia. 
Pleurohepatitis, plu-ro-hep-at-e'tis (pleura, hepar, 
liver). Inflammation of the liver and neighboring 
pleura. 
Pleuroma, plu-ro'mah (pleura, oma). Costa or rib; 
pleura. 
Pleuromelus, plu-rom'el-us (pleura, melos, limb). 
Monster with accessory members of the thorax in 
which the scapulse connect with normal members of 
the body. 
Pleu'ron. Rib. 
Pleuro-oesophageus, plu'ro-e-sof-aj-e'us (pleura, 
oesophagus). Band of smooth muscle-fibres connecting 
the left pleura posteriorly with the oesophagus. 
Pleuropathy, plu-rop'ath-e (pleura, pathos, disease). 
Disease of the pleura. 
Pleuropericarditis, plu-ro-per-e-kar-de'tis. Inflam- 
mation of the pleura and the pericardium. 
Pleuroperipneumony (plu-ro-per-e-nu'mon-e) or 
Pleuropneumonia, plu-ro-nu-mo'ne-ah (pleura, peri- 
880 
PLEXOR 
pneumonia). Pleuroperipneumony. Pleurisy and peri- 
pneumony existing simultaneously. Physical signs: 
Full sound is yielded by percussion for a variable ex- 
tent over the more dependent portions of the affected 
side. Loss of sound is partially modified by change 
of position. Respiratory murmur on auscultation is 
very feeble or absent inferiorly; higher up the crepi- 
tation or bronchial respiration of pneumonia may be 
detected; around the root of the lung and near the 
inferior angle of the scapula egophony is generally 
present. There is seldom much enlargement of the 
affected side or displacement of the adjacent organs, 
as in the case of simple chronic pleurisy. P., hypo- 
static, pneumonia in which a hypostatic condition 
and pleurisy exist. 
Pleuroperitoneal, plu-ro-per-e-to-ne'al. Belonging 
to the pleura and peritoneum, as P. cavity, a space in 
the early development of the embryo, which after- 
ward becomes separated into the pleural and peritoneal 
cavities. 
Pleuroperitonitis, plu-ro-per-e-to-ne'tis. Condition 
in which pleurisy and peritonitis coexist. 
Pleuropneuma, plu-ro-nu'mah (pleura, pneuma, 
wind). Pneumothorax. 
Pleuropneumo'nia or Pleuropneumonitis, plu-ro- 
nu-mon-e'tis. See Pleuroperipneumony. Also specific 
contagious disease among cattle. 
Pleuropyesis, plu-ro-pe-a'sis (pleura, puesis, suppu- 
ration). Empyema. 
Pleurorrhagia, plu-ror-rhaj'e-ah (pleura, rhage, 
breaking forth). Hsematothorax. 
Pleurorrhcea, plu-ror-rhe'ah (pleura, rheo, to flow). 
Accumulation of fluid in the pleura. P. chylo'sa, 
effusion of chyle into the chest, owing to the rupture 
of a chyliferous vessel. P. lymphat'ica, hydrothorax. 
P. purulen'ta, empyema. P. sanguin'ea, heemato- 
thorax. P. sero'sa, hydrothorax. 
Pleurorthopncea, plu-ror-thop-ne'ah (pleura, orthos, 
erect, pneo, to respire). Pain of the side which does 
not permit the patient to breathe except when in the 
vertical position. 
Pleurosomus, plu-ro-so'mus (pleura, soma, body). 
Malformation in which the fissure is somewhat lateral, 
with eventration extending chiefly upon the upper 
part of the abdomen and upon the chest; the upper 
extremity of the fissured side being more or less 
atrophied. The condition is called Pleurosomia. See 
Celosoma. 
Pleurospasm, plu'ro-spasm (pleura, spasmos, spasm). 
Cramp in the side. 
Pleurostosis, plu-ros-to'sis (pleura, osteon, bone). 
Ossification of the pleura or in the cavity of the 
pleura, Osteopleuria. 
Pleurotetanus, plu-ro-tet'an-us (pleura, side, tet- 
anus). Pleurothotonus. 
Pleurothotonus, plu-ro-thot'o-nus (pleurothen, later- 
ally, tonos, tension). Variety of tetanus in which the 
body is curved laterally by the stronger contraction 
of the muscles of one side of the body. 
Pleurotomy, plu-rot'o-me (pleura, tome, incision). 
Incision of the pleura. 
Pleurotonus, plu-rot'o-nus (pleura, side, teino, to 
stretch). Pleurothotonus. 
Pleurotransversalis, plu-ro-trans-vur-sal'is. Mus- 
cular strip arising from transverse process of seventh 
cervical vertebra, inserted upon apex of pleural sac. 
Pleu'rum (pleuron). Costa or rib; pleura. 
Plexiform, pleks'e-form. Resembling a plexus, as 
plexus of nerves. 
Pleximeter, pleks-im'e-tur (plesso, to strike, metron, 
measure; measure of percussion). Ivory plate of a 
circular or ovoid shape, from an inch and a half to 
two inches in diameter, and about one-sixth of an 
inch in thickness. Has either a raised rim or edge, 
or projecting handles on the upper side, to permit its 
being held between the finger and thumb of the left 
hand whilst it is struck with the right. It is used in 
percussion of the chest. A piece of metal, a coin, or 
the finger of the left hand may be used with equal 
advantage. See Percussion, mediate. 
Plexor, pleks'or (plesso, to strike). Plesser. Any in- PLEXUS 
strument employed in percussion. The ends of the 
fingers of the right hand brought together are the 
best plexor ; the finger of the left is the best plexim- 
eter. 
Plexus, pleks'us (plecto, plexum, to interlace). 
Network of blood-vessels or nerves. The nervous 
plexuses, Implieationes reticulares, belong, some, to the 
system of encephalic nerves; others, to that of the 
great sympathetic; whilst some, as the pharyngeal, 
seem to be formed of the two sets. The plexuses rep- 
resent complex networks, with more or less loose 
meshes, formed by the numerous and diversified 
anastomoses of the nervous filaments, from which 
proceed other branches that are distributed to organs 
or to other plexuses. P., aor'tic, Intermesenteric plexus ; 
plexus of the sympathetic placed along the abdomi- 
nal aorta, and occupying the interval between the 
origin of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. 
P. brachia'lis, brachial plexus. P., car'diac, see Car- 
diac plexus. P., carot'id, see Carotid nerve. P. caver- 
no'sus, bulb of the vestibule. P., cer'vical, see Cervical 
plexus. P. choroi'des, see Choroid. P. choroi'deus me'- 
dius, choroidea tela. P. cilia'ris, ciliary ligament. P. 
coccyge'us, coccygeal plexus, same as caudal plexus. 
P., cce'liac, see Coeliac plexus. P. col'icus, colic plexus. 
P. corona'rius ventric'uli, gastric plexus. P., cor'o- 
nary, see Cardiac plexus and Coronary plexus. P. 
crura'lis, crural plexus. P. cys'ticus, plexus to the 
gall-bladder, formed by filaments from the hepatic 
plexus of the sympathetic. P. deferentia'lis, contin- 
uation of vesical plexus upon vasa deferentia and sem- 
inal vesicles. P., diaphragmat'ic, see Diaphragmatic 
plexus. P. dorsa'lis spi'nae, dorsi-spinal plexus of 
veins. P. epigas'tricus, solar plexus. P. ganglifor'- 
mes, nervous ganglions. P. ganglifor'mis semilu- 
na'ris, coeliac plexus. P. ganglio'sus, plexus formed 
at the places of union of the spinal branches of the 
pelvic plexus and elsewhere in the plexus. P., gas- 
troduode'nal, secondary plexus, derived from the he- 
patic plexus. P., gas'tro-epiplo'ic, secondary plexus, 
derived from the hepatic plexus. P. glandifor'mes, 
nervous ganglions. P. glandulo'si Pey'eri, Peyeri 
glandulse. P. hsemorrhoida'lis, haemorrhoidal plexus. 
P. hedera'ceus, corpus pampiniforme. P., hepat'ic, 
see Hepatic plexus. P. hepat'icus, hepatic plexus. P., 
hypogas'tric, see Hypogastric plexus. P. lli'acus ex- 
ter'nus, external iliac lymphatic plexus. P., infra- 
or'bital, formed by the union of infraorbital branches 
of the superior maxillary nerve with branches of 
the facial. P., infrathyroid'eal, see Thyroideal veins. 
P., interlam'inar, see Interlaminar. P., intermes- 
enter'ic, aortic plexus. P. intestina'les, Peyeri 
glandulse. P., lum'bar, see Lumbar plexus. P., lum'- 
bo-abdom'inal, lumbar plexus. P., me'dian, coeliac 
plexus. P. mesenter'ii pro'prius, see Myentericus. 
P. nervo'rum anseri'nus, facial nerve. P., oesoph- 
age'al, formed by connecting cords between the 
right and left pneumogastric nerves while in contact 
with the oesophagus. P., pancreat'ic, plexus of the 
sympathetic, derived from the splenic plexus. P., 
pel'vic, the inferior hypogastric plexus has been so 
called by some anatomists. P., pharynge'al, see 
Pharyngeal nerve. P. pneumogas'tricus, see Pneumo- 
gastric nerve. P., pre-aor'tic, see Pre-aortic. P., pre- 
ver'tebral, see Prevertebral. P., pul'monary, see Pul- 
monary plexus. P., pylo'ric, is derived from the he- 
patic plexus of the sympathetic. P., re'nal, see Renal 
plexus. P. reticula'ris, bulbus vestibuli; choroides 
plexus. P. retifor'mis, corpus cavernosum vaginae. 
P., sa'cral, see Sacral plexus. P. semina'lis, rete testis. 
P., so'lar, coeliac plexus. P., spermat'ic, see Spermatic. 
P., suprare'nal, plexus formed by branches from 
the solar plexus, semilunar ganglion, and splanchnic 
and phrenic nerves. P., tympan'ic, formed by com- 
munication between the nerve of Jacobson, a fila- 
ment from the carotid plexus, a branch from the 
Vidian, and the small superficial petrosal nerve. P., 
vagi'nal, see Vaginal branches of the vena porta. P. 
vasculo'sus coccyge'us, coccygeal gland. P. vascu- 
lo 'sus funic'uli spermat'ici pampinifor'mis, corpus 
pampiniforme. 
881 
L PLUG 
Plica (ple'kah) or Pli'ca Polonica, po-lon'ik-ah 
(plico, to fold). Matted hair, Plaited hair, Tri- 
chomatose hair. Disease endemic in Poland, Lithu- 
ania, and other parts of Northern Europe, so called 
on account of its being characterized by interlacing, 
twisting, and agglutination or matting of the hair. 
By some it has been regarded as a real disease, by 
others as the want of attention to cleanliness. It 
generally appears upon the hair of the head, but 
sometimes on that of other parts, as the beard, the 
hair in the axilla, pubes, etc. Three chief species 
of plica are: 1. P. multiformis, in which the hairs 
are mixed and agglutinated in greater or less masses; 
if the meshes are almost straight, it is called Plica 
caput Medusae laciniata. 2. Plica longicauda: the hair 
is united into a single long mass. 3. Plica cespitosa: 
the hairs are matted into one large, shapeless mass. 
See also Plectane. P. cachec'tica, plica. P. ca'- 
put Medu'sae, plica. P. centra'lis retinae, see 
Optic nerve. P. glosso-epiglot'tica, fold of mucous 
membrane of the tongue and epiglottis, caused by the 
lifting up of the longitudinal fibres. P. guberna'- 
trix, see Gubernaculum testis. P. longicau'da latera'- 
lis, plica. P. longitudina'lis Vateri, Diverticulum 
Vateri ; vertical projection, about an inch in length, 
formed at the posterior part of the duodenum by the 
mucous membrane raised up by the common chole- 
doch duct before it opens into the intestine. P. lu- 
na'ta, small doubling of the conjunctiva which lies 
between the caruncula lacrymalis and the ball of the 
eye. P. Polon'ica, plica. P. Polon'ica Juda'ica, 
plica. P. Saxon'ica, plica. P. semiluna'ris, P. 
lunata. 
Plicae (ple'ke) adipo'sse. Synovial ligaments. P. 
adipo'sse pericardi'acse, processes due to formation 
of adipose tissue under the pericardium. P. alifor'- 
mes, alar ligaments of the knee. P. cilia'res, folds 
of ciliary body situate between ciliary processes; also 
ciliary process. P. conniven'tes, valvulae conniventes. 
P. membra'nse muco'sae tym'pani, folds of mucous 
membrane of tympanum. P. palma'tse, arborescent 
striae in the interior of the cervix uteri. P. rec'ti, 
semilunar folds of the rectum. P. retrovesica'les, lines 
which bound the outer margin of the recti muscles of 
the abdomen. P. semiluna'res, see Urinary bladder 
and Uterus. P. semiluna'res Douglas's!!, lines which 
bound the outer margin of the recti muscles of the 
abdomen. P. synovia'les patella'res, alar ligaments. 
P. vagi'nae, folds of the vagina. P. villo'sse, folds of 
mucous membrane of the stomach. 
Plicaria, plik-a're-ah. Lycopodium clavatum. 
Pli'cate. Folded. 
Plicatio, plik-ah'she-o. Fold or plica. 
Plicatu'ra. Fold or plica. 
Plicatu'rae cer'ebri. Cerebral convolutions or 
gyri- 
Pli'chos (plichos). Perineum. 
Pli'ers. Small pincers or scissors with long jaws. 
Plin'thium (plinthion). Machine formerly em- 
ployed in the reduction of fractures and luxations. 
Plocaria Candida, plo-kar'e-ah kan'did-ah. Fucus 
amylaceus. P. helminthochor'ton, Corallina Corsi- 
cana. 
Ploess'lea floribun'da (after Ploessl, an optician of 
Vienna). See Juniperus lycia. 
Ploratio, plo-rah'she-o (ploro, to weep). Lacry- 
mation. 
Ploratus, plo-rat'us. Lacrymation. 
Plotus, plo'tus (flat). Having a flat foot, devoid of 
the usual concavity. 
Ploucquet's stat'ic test. See Docimasia. 
Ploughshare (plow'share) bone. Vomer. 
Pluchea (ploo'ke-ah) camphora'ta. Salt-marsh flea- 
bane; North American plant possessing stimulant and 
aromatic properties. P. odora'ta, plant growing in 
West Indies; leaves and flowers are reputed to have 
tonic and stomachic virtues; plant is also used exter- 
nally to wounds. 
Plug. Material employed to close an opening; also 
anything obstructing a hollow tube. P., kite-tail, 
tampon, kite-tail. P., mu'cous, collection of secretion PLUGGER 
from cervix uteri in canal of cervix during pregnant 
state. 
Plug'ger. Dental instrument for plugging cavities 
in teeth. 
Plug'ging. Act of stopping a hole. Introduction 
of a plug or dossil of lint or rag into a wound or natu- 
ral cavity-as the nostrils, uterus, or vagina-to ar- 
rest hemorrhage; or of some substance into a cari- 
ous tooth to prevent toothache; see Filling. P. for'- 
ceps, dental instrument for compressing the filling in 
teeth. 
Plum. Prunum; Prunus domestica. P., Assyr'ian, 
sebestina. P., wild, Pappea Capensis. 
Plu'ma (down). Lanugo. 
Plumaceolus, plu-mas-e'o-lus (pluma). Pad; pledget. 
Plumaria lancifolia, plu-mar'e-ah lan-se-fo'le-ah. 
Plumifera lancifolia. 
Plumbagin, plum'ba-jin. Substance derived from 
Plumbago Europsea. 
Plumbago, plum-ba'go (plumbum, leaves having 
lead-colored spots). Persicaria graphites. P. Eu- 
ropse'a, Leadwort, Toothwort, ord. Plumbaginaceae. 
Formerly employed as a remedy for toothache. P. 
ro'sea, used in India for blistering. P. scan'dens, 
Devil's herb ; climbing plant of West Indies and South 
America; plant possesses irritant properties applied 
externally; leaves are actively emetic; root is purga- 
tive. P. Zeylan'ica, Chittramoolum of India; said to 
possess powerful emmenagogue and parturifacient 
properties. The bark of the root is applied internally 
and given locally. 
Plum'bi ace'tas (Ph. U. S. and Br.). Acetate of lead. 
P. ace'tas dilu'tum alcohol'icum, liquor plumbi sub- 
acetatis dilutus. P. acid'ulus suc'cus, plumbi super- 
acetas. P. azo'tas, P. nitras. P. carbo'nas (Ph. U. S. 
and Br.), P. subcarbonas. P. cblo'ridum, Chloride of 
lead; lead chloride; not used now. P. deutox'idum 
ru'brum, P. oxidum rubrum. P. hydri'odas, P. iodi- 
dum. P. io'didum (Ph. IT. S. and Br.), PbL, Iodide 
or loduret of lead; lead iodide. This salt is formed by 
the double decomposition of iodide of potassium and 
nitrate of lead; used in scrofulous affections inter- 
nally and externally; dose, gr. ss-iij or iv. P. iodu- 
re'tum, P. iodidum. P. iohy'dras, P. iodidum. P. 
ni'tras (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Nitrate of lead (salt formed 
by the action of diluted nitric acid on litharge); has 
the same medical action as the other soluble salts of 
lead, and is a valuable antibromic and an excitant 
antiseptic to wounds, ulcers, etc.; it is the basis of 
Ledoyen's disinfecting liquid. P. nitrosac'charas, 
Nitrosaccharate of lead (sugar, nitric acid, chalk, ace- 
tate of lead); has been used as a solvent of phosphatic 
calculi. P. ox'idum (Ph. U. S. and Br.), plumbi oxi- 
dum semivitreum. P. ox'idum al'bum, P. ox'idum 
carbonat'um per ac'idum aceto'sum, plumbi subcar- 
bonas. P. ox'idum fu'sum, plumbi oxidum semivit- 
reum. P. ox'idum ru'brum, Minium, Red lead, is 
sometimes used to kill vermin. P. ox'idum semi- 
vit'reum, P. oxidum (Ph. IT. S. and Br.), Semivitrified 
oxide of lead or litharge (a yellow protoxide of lead 
prepared by heat, combined with carbonic acid gas); 
employed for pharmaceutical purposes, as in the 
liquor plumbi acetatis, emplastrum plumbi, etc. P. 
sac'charas, Saccharate of lead, Oxalhydrate of lead 
(a salt of saccharic acid and protoxide of lead); 
employed as a solvent of urinary calculi. P. sub- 
carbo'nas, Plumbi carbonas (Ph. IT. S. and Br.), Sub- 
carbonate of lead, Cerusse, White lead, Flake white (pre- 
pared by exposing spiral rolls of lead to the fumes 
of vinegar in vessels placed in manure); it is astrin- 
gent and sedative, and is sprinkled on parts affected 
with local inflammation or to prevent chafing in 
children; also used in the formation of ointments 
and plasters. P. superace'tas, Cerussa acetata, P. 
acetas (Ph. U. S.), Sugar of lead, Acetate or Superacetate 
of lead, Protoacetate of lead; astringent, and in weak 
solution cooling and sedative; in strong solution stim- 
ulant. It is given internally in visceral and other 
hemorrhages, combined with opium, and used exter- 
nally, in solution, in inflammation, burns, bruises, gon- 
orrhoea, etc.; dose, gr. ss to iss. In overdoses it is an 
882 
PNEOGRAPH 
irritant poison. P. tan'nas, tannite of lead; used as 
an external application to white swelling, gangrenous 
ulcers, excoriations, etc. 
Plumbic, plum'bik. Containing or relating to lead. 
P. ac'id, acid obtained when salts of lead are electro- 
lyzed. 
Phumblcum acetas crystallisatum, plum'be-kum 
as-e'tas krys-tal-lis-at'um. Plumbi superacetas. 
Plumbism, plum'bizm (plumbum, lead). Lead- 
poisoning ; disease affecting persons employed in the 
manufacture of lead paints, and also painters. 
Plumbosum superoxydum, plum-bo'sum su-per- 
ox'id-um. Plumbi oxidum rubrum. 
Plum'bum. Lead. Solid metal of a bluish-white 
color. Very fusible and oxidizable when heated in 
the air, and existing in nature under a number of 
different shapes, the principal of which are those of 
sulphuret and oxide. S. g. 11.352. It is used to form 
oxides and salts. In its metallic state it has no action 
upon the body, but when oxidized or united with an 
acid it acts, in large doses, as a powerfully astringent 
poison. P. ace'ticum, plumbi superacetas. P. al'- 
bum, tin. P. can'didum, tin. P. carbo'nicum, 
plumbi subcarbonas. P. cine'reum, bismuth sub- 
nitrate. P. hydroiod'icum, plumbi iodidum. P. 
iodat'um, plumbi iodidum. P. ni'grum, graphites. 
P. nit'ricum, plumbi nitras. P. oxyda'tum carbo'- 
nicum, plumbi subcarbonas. P. oxyda'tum ru'brum, 
plumbi oxidum rubrum. P. superoxyda'tum, plumbi 
oxidum semivitreum. 
Plumie'ra or Plumieria alba, plu-me-a're-ah al'bah 
(after Plumier, a French botanist). Native of tropi- 
cal America; has a milky juice which is cathartic. 
P. dras'tica is given in Brazil in jaundice and chronic 
obstructions, mixed with milk of almonds. P. pha- 
gedae'nica is in repute in Brazil as an anthelmintic. 
P. ru'bra, jasmine mango, native of tropical Amer- 
ica ; fruit is edible; therapeutic properties like those 
of Plumiera alba. 
Plumifera (plu-mif'er-ah) or Pluma'ria lancifo'lia. 
Aguomeda. The bark of this tree, indigenous to the 
Brazils, is employed under the name of Agonia bark as 
a febrifuge. 
Plum'mer's pills. Pilulse hydrargyri submuriatis 
compositae. 
Plums, seed'ed. See Diospyros Virginiana. P., 
win'ter, see Diospyros Virginiana. P., yel'low, see 
Diospyros Virginiana. 
Plumula, plu'mu-lah. Bow of furrows on superior 
wall or aqueduct of Sylvius. 
Plunge (plunj) bath. See Bath. 
Plunging (plun'jing) si'phon. See Siphon. 
Plu'ral birth. See Multiparous. 
Pluricellular, plu-re-sel'u-lar. Having many cells. 
Plurilocular, plu-re-lok'u-lar (loculus, a small space). 
Provided with numerous small spaces or compart- 
ments. 
Pluripara, plu-rip'ar-ah (plus, many, pario, to 
bring forth). Multipara. 
Pluriparity, plu-re-par'it-e. The condition of being 
a pluripara. 
Plurip'arous. Multiparous. 
Plu'risy (plus, more). Plethora. Pleurisy. 
Plutea, plu'te-ah. Duplicatures of the dura mater, 
such as the falx cerebri. 
Plutomania, plu-to-man'e-ah (ploutos, wealth, ma- 
nia). Insane delusion in which the patient imagines 
himself to be very rich. 
Plutonium, plu-to'ne-um (after Pluto). Barium. 
Plyntriopsora, plin-tre-o-so'rah (pluntria, washer- 
woman, psora). Form of psoriasis occurring in washer- 
women. 
Pneobiomantia (ne-o-be-o-man'she-ah) or Pnebiog- 
nosis, ne-be-og-no'sis (pneo, to breathe, bios, life, man- 
teia, divination). Docimasia pulmonum. 
Pneobioman'tica. Docimasia pulmonum. 
Pneodynamics, ne-o-di-nam'iks (pneo, dunamis, 
power). Science of mechanics of respiration. 
Pneogaster, ne-o-gas'ter (pneo, gaster, stomach). 
Bespiratory tract. 
Pneograph, ne'o-graf (pneo, grapho, to write). PNEOMETER 
Instrument for testing and indicating force and du- 
ration of respiration. 
Pneometer, ne-om'e-tur (pneo, to breathe, metron, 
measure). Spirometer. 
Pneometry, ne-om'et-re (pneo, metron, measure). 
Measurement of inspired and expired air. 
Pneophore, ne'o-for (pneo, phoreo, to carry). In- 
strument intended, by artificial means, to overcome 
asphyxia. 
Pneoscope, ne'o-skope (pneo, skopeo, to view). In- 
strument to measure the extent of movement of the 
thorax in respiration. 
Pneuma, nu'mah (pneuma). Air; life. See Pneu- 
matic physicians. 
Pneumapostema, nu-map-os-ta'mah (pneuma, apos- 
tema, abscess). Abscess of the lung. 
Pneumapyothorax, nu-map-e-o-tho'raks (pneuma, 
air, puon, pus, thorax, chest). Pyopneumothorax. 
Pneumarthrosis, nu-mar-thro'sis (pneuma, arthron, 
articulation). Secretion or effusion of air into an 
articular cavity. 
Pneumatelectasis, nu-mat-el-ek'tas-is (pneumon, 
atelectasis). Atelectasis pulmonum. 
Pneumathsemia, nu-math-e'me-ah (pneuma, haima, 
blood). Pneumatsemia. Morbid condition in which 
air is developed in the blood-vessels. 
Pneumathorax, nu-mah-tho'raks. Pneumothorax. 
Pneumatic, nu-mat'ik (pneumatikos). Pneumatical. 
Eelating to air or life. P. as'pirator, see Aspirator. 
P. cab'inet, air-tight cabinet in which patients are 
treated by compressed air. P. differ entia'tion, caus- 
ing patients to inhale air more rarefied than that 
which surrounds the body. P. med'icine, treat- 
ment of diseases by fumigation or inhalation. P. 
occip'ital bones, see Occipital bone. P. physic'- 
ians, Pneumatists; name given to a sect of phy- 
sicians, at the head of whom was Athenseus, who 
made health and disease to consist in the different 
proportions of an element-which they called Pneu- 
ma-to those of the other elementary principles. 
Pneuma was a fancied spiritual principle which the 
Stoics regarded as an element different from water, air, 
earth, and fire. The doctrine was called Pneumatism. 
The epithet pneumatic is sometimes applied to those 
who treat diseases chiefly by the inhalation of gases. 
P. pro'cess, continuation, occasionally found, of air- 
cells of processus mastoideus to lateral regions of os 
occipitis. P. repos'itor, globe dilated with air and 
introduced into the vagina with the view of replacing 
the uterus. 
Pneumat'ica (pneuma, air). Appertaining to the 
breathing; diseases of the respiratory function; 
agents that act on the respiratory organs. 
Pneumat'ical. Pneumatic. 
Pneumaticity, nu-mah-tis'it-e. Condition of con- 
taining air. 
Pneumatics, nu-mat'iks. Division of science relat- 
ing to properties of air, etc. 
Pneumatocardia, nu-mat-o-kar'de-ah. Condition 
in which gas collects in the cardiac cavities. 
Pneumatocele, nu-mat-o-se'le (Eng. nu'mat-o-seel) 
(pneuma, kele, tumor). See Pneumocele and Physocele. 
Pneumatoceph'alus. Emphysematous tumefaction 
of the head. 
Pneumatochemia, nu-mat-o-kem-e'ah. Chemistry 
of gases. 
Pneumatodes, nu-mat-o'dees (pneuma, odes). One 
distended with air or who breathes with difficulty, 
owing to accumulation of flatus in the digestive tube 
or from emphysema. 
Pneumatodic, nu-mat-o'dik. Filled with air. 
Pneumatodyspncea, nu-mat-o-dis-ne'ah (pneuma, 
dus, difficult, pneo, to breathe). Dyspnoea due to em- 
physema. 
Pneumatogram, nu'mat-o-gram (pneuma, grapho, 
to write). Tracing of respiratory movements. 
Pneumatograph, nu'mat-o-graf. Instrument de- 
signed to exhibit the movements of the chest in 
respiration. 
Pneumatology, nu-mat-ol'o:je (pneuma, logos, dis- 
course). Treatise on air and other gases. 
883 
> PNEUMOGASTRIC 
Pneumatometer, nu-mat-om'e-tur (pneumo., metron, 
measure). Spirometer. 
Pneumatometry, nu-mat-om'et-re. Measurement 
of the capacity of the lungs for air. Treatment of 
diseases affecting organs of respiration and circulation 
with pneumatic apparatus. 
Pneumatomphalocele, nu-mat-om-fal-o-se'le (Eng. 
nu-mat-om'fal-o-seel) (pneuma, omphalos, navel, kele, 
hernia). Pneumatomphalus. 
Pneumatomphalus, nu-mat-om'fal-us (pneuma, om- 
phalos, umbilicus). Pneumatomphalocele. Umbilical 
intestinal hernia containing a considerable quantity 
of flatus. 
Pneumatopathy, nu-mat-op'ath-e (pneuma, pathos, 
disease). Mind cure. 
Pneumator'rhachls (pneuma, rhachis, spine). Accu- 
mulation of air in the vertebral canal. 
Pneumatosis, nu-mat-o'sis. Flatulence; flatulent 
distension of the stomach or bowels, or both; emphy- 
sema ; abnormal collection of gaseous matters in any 
part of the body. P. abdom'inis, tympanites. P. 
enter'ica, colica flatulenta. P. pericar'dii, pneumo- 
pericardium. P. pulmo'num, emphysema of the lung. 
P. ventric'uli et enter'ica, flatulence of the stomach 
and bowels. 
Pneumatotherapy, nu-mat-o-ther'ap-e (pneuma, 
therapeia, therapeutics). Treatment of disease by 
means of compressed air. 
Pneumatothermanter, nu - mat - o - thur - man' ter 
(pneuma, thermaino, to warm). Respirator. 
Pneumatothorax, nu - mat - o - tho' raks. Pneumo- 
thorax. 
Pneumatotomy, nu-mat-ot'o-me. Pneumotomy. 
Pneumaturia, nu-mat-u're-ah (pneuma, ouron, 
urine). Escape of gas from the urethra. 
Pneumectasis, nu-mek'tas-is (pneumon, ektasis, dila- 
tation). Emphysema of the lungs. 
Pneumectomy, nu-mek'to-me (pneumon, ektome, 
excision). Excision of a portion of the lung. 
Pneumic (nu'mik) acid. See Acid, pneumic. 
Pneumoactinomycosis, nu-mo-ak-tin-o-mik-o'sis. 
Actinomycosis of the lung. 
Pneumobacillus, nu-mo-bas-il'lus. Bacillus pneu- 
moniae. P. liquefa'ciens bo'vis, bacillus met with in 
pleuro-pneumonia affecting cattle. 
Pneumocace, nu-mok'as-e (pneumon, kakos, evil). 
Necropneumonia. 
Pneumocarcinoma, nu-mo-kar-sin-o'mah (pneumon, 
karkinoma, cancer). Carcinoma of the lungs. 
Pneumocele, nu-mo-se'le (Eng. nu'mo-seel) (pneu- 
mon, kele, rupture). Hernia of the lung through one 
of the intercostal spaces; neumatocele. 
Pneumocholosis, nu-mo-kol-o'sis (pneumon, cholosis, 
biliary disease). Bilious pneumonia. 
Pneumochysis, nu-mok'is-is (pneumon, chuo, to 
pour out). (Edema of the lungs. 
> Pneumococcus, nu-mo-kok'kus (pneumon, kokkos, 
kernel). Micrococcus of the lung. See Bacillus pneu- 
moniae. P. of Frank'el, micrococcus Pasteuri. P. of 
Pried'lander, bacillus pneumoniae. 
Pneumoconiosis (nu-mo-ko-ne-o'sis) or Pneumono- 
conio'sis (pneumon, konis, dust). Disease of the lungs 
due to inhalation of dust or irritating particles. 
Pneumodynamics, nu-mo-di-nam'iks (pneumon, 
dunamis, power). Medical physics treating of res- 
piration. 
Pneumoenteritis, nu-mo-en-ter-e'tis (pneumon, lung, 
enter on, intestine). Hog cholera. 
Pneumogastric, nu-mo-gas'trik (pneumon, gaster, 
stomach). Belonging to the lungs and stomach. P. 
nerve, eighth pair of nerves-tenth pair of some; 
middle sympathetic, so called because distributed 
especially to the organs contained in the chest and 
abdomen. It arises from behind the eminentiae oli- 
variae and near the corpora restiformia by one or two 
rows of filaments regularly arranged. These fila- 
ments unite to form a flat cord, which issues from 
the cranium by the foramen lacerum posterius, be- 
hind the glossopharyngeal nerve. At its exit from 
the cranium the pneumogastric nerve has the appear- 
ance of a very compact plexus-plexus gangliformis, PNEUMOGRAM 
ganglion of the superior laryngeal branch of Sir 
Astley Cooper. It descends along the neck, deeply 
seated on the outside of the carotid artery and the 
internal jugular vein. When it has attained the 
lower part of the neck it enters the chest, gliding 
behind the subclavian vein, and passing on the right 
side in front of the subclavian artery, and on the 
left before the arch of the aorta. It proceeds at first 
backward, increasing in size; afterward it passes 
from behind the bronchia to the oesophagus, which 
it accompanies through the diaphragm, and termi- 
nates on the stomach. In the neck the pneumo- 
gastric nerve anastomoses with the spinal, glosso- 
pharyngeal, great hypoglossal, and great sympathetic 
nerves, and furnishes the following branches: phar- 
yngeal, superior laryngeal, and cardiac. In the chest 
it gives off the inferior laryngeal or recurrent, the 
pulmonary plexus, and the oesophageal branches. 
On entering the abdomen the oesophageal branches 
which terminate the pneumogastric are distributed 
upon the stomach, and give numerous filaments to 
that viscus, to the hepatic, coeliac, gastro-epiploic, and 
solar plexuses; some go also to the pancreas, liver, 
gall-bladder, duodenum, etc. The pneumogastric 
nerve is interested iu most important functions, being 
excito-motory, excito-secretory, and excito-nutrient. 
Some of its branches are wholly motor, others sen- 
sory-motor, while one of its branches-the superior 
laryngeal-is the sensitive nerve of the larynx. 
Pneumogram, nu'mo-gram. See Pneumatogram. 
Pneumograph, nu'mo-graf (pneumon, grapho, to 
write). Pneumatograph. 
Pneumography, nu-mog'raf-e (pneumon, graphe, 
description). The part of anatomy describing the 
lungs. 
Pneumohaemothorax, nu-mo-he-mo-tho'raks (pneu- 
mo, air, haima, blood, thorax, chest). Collection of gas 
or air and blood in the pleural cavity. 
Pneumohydrometra, nu-mo-hid-ro-me'trah (pneu- 
mo, hudor, water, metra, uterus). Condition in which 
gas is generated in the uterus by the decomposition 
of fluid. 
Pneumohydrothorax, nu-mo-hid-ro-tho'raks (pnew- 
ma, hudor, water, thorax, chest). Collection of air and 
water in the pleural cavity. 
Pneumokoniosis, nu-mo-ko-ne-o'sis. See Pneumo- 
coniosis. 
Pneumolith, nu'mo-lith (pneumon, lithos, stone). 
Calculus in the lungs. 
Pneumolithiasis, nu-mo-lith-e'as-is (pneumon, lithi- 
asis, formation of stone). Morbid state in which cal- 
culi form in the lungs. 
Pneumology, nu-mol'o-je (pneumon, logos, dis- 
course). Anatomical treatise on the lungs; anatom- 
ical description of the lungs. 
Pneumomalacia, nu-mo-mal-ak'e-ah (pneumon, 
malakia, softening). Softening of the lungs. 
Pneumometer, nu-mom'e-tur (pneumon, metron, 
measure). Spirometer. 
Pneumometry, nu-mom'et-re. Pneumatometry. 
See Spirometer. 
Pneumomycosis, nu-mo-me-ko'sis (pneumon, makes, 
fungus, osis). Growth of fungi in the lungs. 
Pneu'mon. Lung. 
Pneumonsemia, nu-mon-e'me-ah (pneumon, haima, 
blood). Congestion of the lungs. 
Pneumonal'gia (pnezimon, algos, pain). Pain in the 
lung; angina pectoris. 
Pneumonatelec'tasis (pneumozz, atelectasis, imper- 
fect expansion or dilatation). Imperfect expansion 
of the lungs at birth, giving rise to cyanosis. 
Pneumonec'tasis (pneumon, ektasis, dilatation). 
Emphysema of the lungs. 
Pneumonemphrax'is (pneumon, emphraxis, obstruc- 
tion). Congestion and infarction of the lungs. 
Pneumonia, nu-mo'ne-ah (pneumon, lung). Of old 
it meant a disease of the lungs. Inflammation of the 
vesicular structure of the lungs. There are three 
chief varieties of pneumonia: 1. P., croupous, which 
is always acute. 2. P., catarrhal, either acute or 
chronic. 3. P., interstitial, or fibrous induration of 
884 
I PNEUMONIA 
the lung. Croupous pneumonia is most common in 
adults; it usually involves the whole of the affected 
lobe (hence called lobar pneumonia). 
There are three stages of pneumonia: Stage of En- 
gorgement or Congestion: The affected lung is dis- 
tended ; firmer, of a red color; crepitates less than 
normal lung tissue. Red Hepatization or Consolidation: 
The affected portion becomes solid, brownish in 
color, resembling normal liver tissues; alveoli and 
smaller bronchi are filled with solid exudation. 
Gray Hepatization and Resolution or Purulent Infiltra- 
tion : Affected portion becomes gray by the discol- 
oration of the blood-globules (fatty degeneration); 
infiltration or absorption takes place; gangrene or 
calcareous encapsulation may occur. Predisposing 
Causes: Age mostly under five years, then between 
20 and 40, and after 60; poverty, intemperance, and 
changes of temperature. Exciting Causes: Exposure 
to changes of temperature; atmospheric conditions. 
Symptoms.-Distinct chills (violent for one-half or 
two hours); these are only absent in old people after 
70; prostration; pain underneath the nipple of af- 
fected side; increased respirations, more than thirty 
per minute; dyspnoea, cough, mucous expectoration 
at first; after this it becomes gelatinous, viscid, tena- 
cious, yellow or brick-dust color; countenance is 
flushed; temperature, 102°-105°. Catarrhal pneumo- 
nia has in general the same stages and symptoms as 
croupous: restrained movement, normal vocal fremi- 
tus, slight dulness, crackling sounds heard at end of 
inspiration. Crepitant rales heard in the first twelve 
or twenty-four hours. Crepitant rale characteristic 
sign of first stage of pneumonia. Second Stage: In- 
spection-Expansive movements are diminished on 
the affected and increased on healthy side. Palpation 
-As a rule, increased vocal fremitus. Percussion- 
Marked dulness. Auscultation-Bronchial breathing; 
bronchophony. Third Stage: Physical signs in early 
part of this stage are the same as those of second 
stage. Rude (or broncho-vesicular) respiration, sub- 
crepitant and crepitant rales. 
Prognosis.-In young children and old persons al- 
most always fatal. Double pneumonia generally 
fatal. 
Treatment.-In vigorous and undoubtedly healthy in- 
dividuals, with elevated temperature and high pulse, 
flushed surface and marked dyspncea, bleeding has 
been resorted to by some advocates; rest in bed; 
liquid food, milk, eggs; for pain and cough, opium; 
for high temperature, quinia. If the heart is feeble, 
stimulants, alcohol or carbonate of ammonium, digi- 
talis ; nutritious diet, and, when the violence of the 
inflammation has been subdued, counter-irritants, 
etc. Chronic pneumonia sometimes succeeds the 
acute form, or it may occur accidentally; must be 
managed on general principles, and counter-irritants 
of all kinds are indicated. 
Pneumo'nia, adynam'ic. See P., bilious. P. bilio'- 
sa, P., bilious. Inflammation of the lungs, accom- 
panied by gastric fever, and not uncommonly by ty- 
phoid symptoms; Pneumotyphus, Putrid, Typhoid, Ady- 
namic, or Erysipelatous pneumonia. P., catar'rhal, 
bronchopneumonia. P., cer'ebral, pneumonia with 
serious brain complications. P., cot'ton, mechanical 
form of pneumonia occurring in operatives employed 
in cotton-mills. Cotton phthisis is similarly produced. 
P., croup'ous, P., fibrinous. P. dis'secans, acute pur- 
ulent pneumonia following destructive suppurative 
inflammation of the bronchi and surrounding tissues 
and blood-vessels. P., embol'ic, from introduction 
of solid particles into the pulmonary circulation. P., 
erysipel'atous, see P., bilious. P., fi/brinous, pneumo- 
nia characterized by coagulable fibrinous exudation ; 
the form of the affection generally described under the 
single word pneumonia. P. gangraeno'sa, necropneu- 
monia. P. hypostat'ica, P. in a depending portion 
of the lung, caused by lying on the back. P. inter- 
mit'tens, P. characterized by periodicity. P., inter- 
stitial, form of pneumonia affecting the connective 
tissue of the lungs. Sclerosis of the lung. P., lo'bar, 
pneumonia characterized by deposit of plastic ma- PNEUMONIC 
terial in the air-cells, and involving a lobe of a lung or 
the whole lung, or even the lobes of both lungs; see 
Pneumonia. P., lob'ular, see Lobular. P. mi'grans, 
insidious attack of pneumonia which wanders from 
one lung to the other. P. no'tha, peripneumonia 
notha. P., pleuri'tis, pleuropneumonia. P., pu'trid, 
P., bilious. P. typho'des, P. bilious. P., ty'phoid, 
P., bilious. P. typho'sa, P., bilious; necropneumonia. 
P., vesic'ular, vesicular bronchitis. 
Pneumonic, nu-mon'ik. Pulmonic. 
Pneumonica, nu-mon'ik-ah (pneumon). Diseases 
affecting the lungs, their membranes or motive 
power ; characterized by irregular, impeded, or pain- 
ful respiration. 
Pneumonic! (uu-mon'is-e) (mor'bi). Lung dis- 
eases. 
Pneumonicula, nu-mon-ik'u-lah (dim. of Pneu- 
monia). Slight inflammation of the lung. 
Pneumonitic, nu-mon-it'ik. Of or belonging to 
pneumonitis. 
Pneumonitis, nu-mon-e'tis (pneumon, itis). Pneu- 
monia. 
Pneumonocarcinoma, nu - mon - o - kar - sin - o' mah 
(pneumon, karkinoma). Cancer of the lungs. 
Pneumonocele, nu-mon-o-se'le (Eng. nu'mon-o-seel) 
(pneumon, kele, hernia). Hernia of the lung. P. 
diaphragmat'ica inter'na, hernia of the lung through 
the diaphragm. P. exter'na or thorac'ica, hernia 
through the parietes of the chest. 
Pneumonocirrhosis, nu-mon-o-sir-rho'sis. Cirrhosis 
of the lungs. 
Pneumonococ'cus. See Pneumococcus. 
Pneumonodynia, nu-mon-o-din'e-ah (pneumon, 
odune, pain). Pain in the lungs. 
Pneumoncedema, nu-mon-e-de'mah. CEdema of 
the lungs. 
Pneumonokoniosis, nu-mon-o-kon-e-o'sis (pneumo, 
konia, dust). Disease arising from the inhalation of 
dust, as of coal, iron, etc. See Anthracosis, Siderosis. 
Pneumonolith, nu-mon'o-lith. See Pneumolith. 
Pneumonomalacia, nu-mou-o-mal-ak'e-ah. See 
Pneumomalacia. 
Pneumonomelanosis, nu-mon-o-mel-an-o'sis. See 
Melanosis. 
Pneumonom'eter (pneumon, metron, measure). Spi- 
rometer. 
Pneumonomycosis, nu-mon-o-mik-o'sis (pneumon, 
makes, fungus). Vegetable parasitic growth in the 
lungs. 
Pneumonoparalysis, nu-mon-o-par-al'is-is. Par- 
alysis of the lungs. 
Pneumonopathia, nu-mon-o-path-e'ah. Disease of 
the lungs. 
Pneumonopericardi'tis. See Pneumopericarditis. 
Pneumonopericardium. See Pneumopericardium. 
Pneumonophlebitis, nu-mon-o-fleb-e'tis. Inflam- 
mation of pulmonary veins. 
Pneumonophthisis, nu-mon-o-te'sis. Phthisis pul- 
monalis. 
Pneumonophthoe, nu-mon-of'tho-e (pneumon, phthoe, 
wasting away). Phthisis pulmonalis. 
Pneumonophyseter, nu-mon-o-fis-e'tur (pneumon, 
phuseter, blowpipe). Apparatus for making insuffla- 
tion into the lungs. 
Pneumonopleuresis (nu-mon-o-plu-ra'sis) or Pneu- 
monopleuritis, nu-mon-o-plu-re'tis. Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 
Pneumonoptysis, nu-mon-o-te'sis (pneumon, ptusis). 
Haemoptysis. 
Pneumonorrhagia, nu-mon-or-rhaj'e-ah (pneumon, 
rhage, breaking forth). Haemoptysis. 
Pneumonorrhce'a (pneumon, rheo, to flow). Haemop- 
tysis. 
Pneumonosaprosis, nu-mon-o-sap-ro'sis (pneumon, 
sapros, putrescent). Gangrene of lung. 
Pneumonoscirrhus, nu-mon-o-skir'rhus (pneumon, 
skirrhos, induration). Induration of the lungs. 
Pneumonoscope, nu-mou'o-skope (pneumon, skopeo, 
to see). Stethoscope. 
Pneumonosepsis, nu-mon-o-sep'sis. Pneumosepsis; 
necropneumonia. 
885 
> PNEUMOTHORAX 
Pneumono'sis. Disease of the lungs, of whatever 
character it may be. 
Pneumonospasmus, nu-mon-o-spaz'mus (pneumon, 
spasmos, spasm). Asthma. 
Pneumonostenosis, nu-mon-o-sten-o'sis. Contracted 
condition of lung. 
Pneumono syrinx, nu-mon-o-sir'inks. Syringe for 
injecting the lungs; pulmonary fistula. Also ap- 
paratus for insufflating the lungs. 
Pneumonotelectasis, nu-mon-o-tel-ek'tas-is (pneu- 
mon, telos, completion, ektasis, dilatation). Aggravated 
emphysema of lungs. 
Pneum'ony. Pneumonia. 
Pneumonyperpathia, nu-mon-ip-ur-path-e'ah (pneu- 
mon, huper, pathos). Aggravated diseased condition 
of lungs. 
Pneumonypostasis, nu-mon-ip-os'tas-is (pneumon, 
hupostasis, settling down). Pneumonia hypostatica. 
Pneumonia in a depending portion of the lung, caused 
by lying on the back. 
Pneumoparesis, nu-mo-par'es-is. Paralysis of the 
lung from sudden failure of nervous stimulus. 
Pneumopericarditis (nu-mo-per-e-kar-de'tis) or 
Pneumopericar'dium (pneumon, pericardium). Ef- 
fusion of air into the cavity of the pericardium. 
Pneumoperitonitis, nu-mo-per-e-ton-e'tis (pneumon, 
peritonaion, peritoneum). Collection of gas in cavity 
of peritoneum occurring in peritonitis. 
Pneumophthalmos, nu-mof-thal'mos (pneumon, oph- 
thalmos). Air contained within the eye. 
Pneumophthisis, nu-mo-te'sis. Phthisis pulmonalis. 
Pneumophthoe, nu-mof'tho-e (pneumon, phthoe, a 
wasting away). Phthisis pulmonalis. 
Pneumophymata, nu-mo-fe'mat-ah (pneumon, 
phuma, a growth). Tubercles of the lungs. 
Pneumophymia, nu-mo-fim'e-ah. Tuberculosis of 
the lungs. 
Pneumopleuresis, nu-mo-plu-re'sis. Pleuroperi- 
pneumony. 
Pneumoproteins, nu-mo-pro'te-inz. Proteins pro- 
duced by pneumococcus during life. 
Pneumopyopericardium, nu-mo-pe-o-per-e-kar'- 
de-um (pneumon, puon, pus). Collection of pus and 
gas in the pericardium. 
Pneumopyothorax, nu-mo-pe-o-tho'raks. See Pneu- 
mothorax. 
Pneumorrhagia, nu-mor-rhaj'e-ah (pneumon, rhage, 
a breaking forth). Haemoptysis. P. inter'na, hae- 
matothorax. 
Pneumorrhoea, nu-mor-rhe'ah (pneumon, rheo, to 
flow). Bronchorrhcea. 
Pneumoscope, nu'mo-skope. Pneumograph. 
Pneumosepsis, nu-mo-sep'sis (pneumon, sepsis, 
putrefaction). Necropneumonia. 
Pneumoserothorax, nu-mo-se-ro-tho'raks (pneumon, 
serum, thorax). Pneumothorax in which effusion of 
serum is present. 
Pneumoses, nu-mo'sees (pneumon, osis). Morbid 
affections of the lungs. 
Pneumotherapeutical, nu-mo-ther-ap-u'tik'l (pneu- 
mon, therapeutikos). Eelating to pneumotherapeutics. 
Pneumotherapy, nu-mo-ther'a-pe. Medical treat- 
ment of lung diseases. Also pneumatotherapy, or 
treatment of disease by compressed or rarefied air, or 
by introduction of air into a cavity, as in Politzer's 
plan of injecting air through the Eustachian tube into 
the cavity of the tympanum. 
Pneumothorax, nu-mo-tho'raks (pneuma, thorax). 
Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity; generally 
sudden in invasion and fatal in character. In many 
instances along with the air a liquid is effused, con- 
sisting of a serous fluid constituting Hydropneumo- 
thorax, or of one that is purulent, Pneumopyothorax. 
The disease may be spontaneous and simple, but in a 
large proportion of cases it is complicated with pleurisy 
and pulmonary tubercles; signs vary according as there 
is or is not a communication between the pleura and 
the bronchia; the affected side gives a hollow, tym- 
panitic sound, even where the thickness of the parietes 
of the thorax is great. When the effusion is consid- 
erable the affected side is dilated, but there is no rale PN EUMOTOMY 
of any kind. When a gaseous and a liquid effusion 
are present at the same time, the sound on percussion 
is found to be clear at the superior part of the thorax, 
but dull inferiorly; hence, by changing the position 
of the patient, and by consequence that of the con- 
tained fluids, the seats of the clear and the dull sound 
will be varied. When the gaseous effusion is owing 
to a fistulous communication between the pleura and 
bronchia, the metallic respiration and resonance are 
heard; and if there be both gaseous and liquid 
effusion, with a fistulous communication, in addition 
to these signs there is the tintement metallique. Presence 
of liquid may be ascertained by succussion. See Em- 
physema. 
Pneumot'omy (pneumon, tome, incision). Dissection 
of the lungs; opening into a cavity in the substance 
of the lung by incision or cautery, and drainage. 
Pneumotoxin, nu-mo-toks'in (pneumon, toxikos, 
poisonous). Poisonous substance produced by the 
pneumococcus. Antipneumotoxin is a substance exist- 
ing in animals after inoculation with pneumotoxin, 
which confers immunity against the formation of 
the pneumococcus in animals thus treated. 
Pneumotuberculum, nu-mo-tu-bur'ku-lum. Tu- 
bercle in the lung. 
Pneumoty'phus. Typhoid pneumonia. 
Pneumotypo'sis (pneumon, tupos, a stamp, a type). 
Pneumonia characterized by periodicity. 
Pneuobiomantia, nu-o-be-o-man'she-ah (pneo, to 
breathe, bios, life, manteia, divination), or Pneusio- 
biognosis, nu-se-o-be-og-no'sis (pneusis, bios, life, 
gnosis, knowledge). Docimasia pulmonum. 
Pneusiobioscope, nu-se-o-be-os'ko-pe (pneusis, bios, 
life, skopeo, to examine). Docimasia pulmonum. 
Pneusis, nu'sis. Respiration. P. pertus'sis, per- 
tussis. P. singul'tus, singultus. P. tus'sis, tussis. 
Pneusometer, nu-som'et-ur (pneusis, metron, meas- 
ure). Spirometer. 
Pnigalion, ne-gal'e-on (pnigo, to suffocate). In- 
cubus. 
Pnigma, nig'mah. Orthopnoea; strangulation. 
Pnigophobia, nig-o-fo'be-ah (pnigos, phobos, dread). 
Angina pectoris; suffocation. 
Pnigos, nig'os. Orthopnoea; strangulation. 
Pnix, niks (pnix, strangulation). Orthopnoea; 
strangulation. 
Pnixis, niks'is (pnixis, strangulation). Orthopnoea; 
strangulation. 
Pno'e (pnoe) or Pnoe'a (pnoe). Aura; breath. 
Pnodcolyticus, no-o-kol-it'ik-us (pnoos, breath, 
koluo, to hinder). Asthmatic. 
Pnous, noos. Aura; breath. 
Po'a Abyssin'ica. The grain of this plant is used 
in Abyssinia for bread. 
Poad'milk. Colostrum. 
Poaya bran'ca. White ipecac. 
Po-baia. Powder resembling chrysarobin, used in 
Cochin China in diseases of the skin. 
Pock (Teut. pocca, a pock or a little pouch). Pus- 
tule of small-pox. P., black, see Variola. P., crystal- 
line, variola verrucosa. P., horn, variola verrucosa. 
P., kine, vaccina. P., stone, old name given to acne 
pustule. 
Pock'broken. See Pockmark. 
Pock'eting. Treatment of the pedicle in ova- 
riotomy by bringing its extremity between the inner 
lips of the wound at its lower angle, the raw surface 
of the pedicle being thus attached directly to the raw 
surface of the abdominal wall. 
Pock'hole. Pockmark. 
Pock'mark. Mark or pit or pitting left from a 
small-pox pustule. One pitted with small-pox is 
said to be pockmarked or pockbroken. 
Pock'wood. Lignum vitoe; Guaiacum officinale. 
Pock'y. Infected with or appertaining to or re- 
sembling small-pox or syphilis. 
Poculum (pok'u-lum) amato'rum. Philter. P. 
Dio'genis, palm. P. emet'icum, emetic goblet. P. 
vomito'rium, emetic goblet. 
Podagra, pod-og'rah (podo, agra, seizure). Pain 
which attacks the feet. Gout situate in the articula- 
886 
PODOPHYLLOUS 
tions of the foot. It has also been used in a more ex- 
tensive signification synonymously with gout. P. 
aber'rans, gout (wandering). P. arthri/tis, gout. P. 
aton'ica, gout (atonic). P. regula'ris, gout (regular). 
P. retroce'dens, gout (retrograde). P. retrogra'da, 
gout (retrograde). 
Podagraria, pod-a-gra're-ah. Ligusticum poda- 
graria. P. aegopo'dium, Ligusticum podagraria. 
Podagric (pod-ag'rik) or Pod'agrous. Arthritic, 
Gouty. Relating or belonging to gout; affected with 
or liable to gout. 
Podagrism, pod'a-grism. See Diathesis. 
Podalgia, po-dal'je-ah (podo, algos, pain). Pain in 
the foot; gout; podagra. 
Podalic, po-dal'ik. Pedal. P. ver'sion, see Turning. 
Podaliria (pod-al-ir'e-ah) austra'lis (after Podal- 
irius, son of JEsculapius). Baptisia australis. P. 
tincto'ria, sophoria tinctoria. 
Podanencephalia, pod-an-en-sef-al'e-ah. See Pod- 
encephalus. 
Podarthritis, pod-ar-thre'tis. Podagra. Gout of 
the feet. 
Podarthrocace, pod-ar-throk'as-e (podo, arthron, 
an articulation, kakos, bad). Caries of the articula- 
tion of the foot. 
Podarthrum, pod-ar'thrum (pous, foot, arthron, 
joint). Joint of the foot. 
Podaxis (pod-aks'is) or Podaxon. Genus of fungi. 
Podelcoma, pod-el-ko'mah (podo, helkoma, ulcer). 
Peculiar ulceration of the foot but little amenable to 
treatment, and which has been likewise called Mor- 
bus tuberculosis pedis, Tumor albus articuli pedis. See 
Mycetoma. 
Podencephalia, pod-en-sef-al'e-ah. See Podenceph- 
alus. 
Podencephalus, pod-en-sef'al-us (podo, kephale, 
head). Podanencephalus. Monster whose brain is 
placed outside the skull, and seems to be supported 
on a pedicle which traverses the summit of the skull. 
This state of monstrosity is termed podancephalia, or, 
more properly, podencephalia. 
Podex, po'deks. Anus; nates. 
Podismus, po-diz'mus. Spasm of the feet. 
Podisoma, pod-is-o'mah. Genus of fungi. P. ma- 
cro'pus, fungus reputed to cause outgrowths on Ju- 
niperus Virginiana; among the laity employed as an 
anthelmintic. 
Pod'ium. Foot. 
Po'do (pous, foot). In composition, foot. 
Podobromhidrosis, pod-o-brom-hid-ro'sis (pous, 
broma, stench, hidros, perspiration). Bromidrosis. 
Podocace, pod-ok'as-e (pous, kakos, evil). Podar- 
throcace. 
Podocarpinic (pod-o-kahr-pin'ik) ac'id. C17H22O3, 
contained in resin of Podocarpus cupressina. 
Pododynia, pod-o-din'e-ah (podo, odune, pain). Pain 
in the soles of the feet induced by long standing, as in 
cutters of garments, etc. Podalgia. 
Podoedema, pod-e-de'mah (podo, oidema, swelling). 
(Edema of the foot. 
Podology, po-dol'o-je (podo, logos, discourse). De- 
scription of the foot; treatise on the foot. 
Podomancy, po'do-man-se (podo, manteia, divina- 
tion). Art of divining by inspection of the feet. 
Podometer, po-dom'e-tur (pous, metron, measure). 
Pedometer. 
Podophyllic (po-do-fil'lik) ac'id. Podophyllinic acid. 
Acid derived from podophyllin of commerce; devoid 
of active properties. 
Podophyllin, pod-o-fil'lin. See Podophyllum pel- 
tatum and Resina podophylli. 
Podophyllitis, pod-o-fil-le'tis. Condition in which 
podophyllous tissue is inflamed. 
Podophylloquercitin, pod-o-fil-lo-kwur'sit-in. Col- 
oring principle of Podophyllum peltatum. 
Podophyllotoxin, pod-o-fil-o-toks'in. Highly poi- 
sonous white powder, amorphous and acid, derived 
from podophyllin of commerce. It is a combination 
of picropodophyllin and picropodophyllic acid. 
Podophyl'lous (podo, phullon, leaf). Relating to the 
foot and lamellar tissue of hoof of animals. PODOPHYLLUM 
Podophyllum (pod-o-fil'lum) monta'num (podo, 
phullon, leaf, in reference to the shape of the leaf). 
Mountain May apple, Mandrake, Wild lemon, Duck's foot, 
Raccoon berry, Yellow berry, Ground lemon; ord. Ber- 
beridacese; native of India. It has the same proper- 
ties as P. pelta'tum, May apple, Mandrake, a common 
plant throughout North America; fruit is edible, and 
esteemed by many ; leaves are said to be poisonous; 
the rhizome and rootlets, Podophyllum (Ph. U. S.), 
Podophylli radix (Ph. Br.), are purgative in the dose of 
twenty grains. Podophyllin, obtained by evaporating 
an alcoholic solution of the root or by displacement 
by alcohol, throwing down the precipitate by water, 
and drying-Resina podophylli-is an excellent pur- 
gative and a laxative in small doses. See Resina. 
Podorrheuma, pod-or-rhu'mah (podo, rheuma, de- 
fluxion). Podagra. 
Podotheca, pod-o-the'kah (podo, theke, sheath). 
Cuticle of the foot. Anatomical preparation. Chiro- 
theca has been used for the cuticle of the hand. 
Podotrochilitis, pod-o-trok-il-e'tis (podo, trochilia, 
pulley). Navicular disease in the horse, frequently 
causing lameness. 
Pod'pepper. Capsicum. 
Podyperidrosis, pod-ip-er-id-ro'sis (podo, hyper, 
over, hidrosis, perspiration). Excessive sweating of 
the feet. 
Pcecilia, pe-sil'e-ah (poikilia, variegated appear- 
ance). See Achroma. 
Pcecilocyte, pe'sil-o-site (poikilos, kutos, hollow). 
See Poikilocyte. 
Poecilocytosis, pe-sil-o-sit-o'sis. See Poikilocytosis. 
Poecilomelasma, pe-sil-o-mel-as'mah (poikilos, va- 
rious, melas, black). Gangrsena senilis. 
Pceciloperissoma, pe-sil-o-per-is-so'mah (poikilos, 
perissoma, excretory matter). Excessive development 
of heterogeneous tissue. 
Pcecilothermal, pe-cil-o-thur'mal (poikilos, therme, 
heat). Term applied to cold-blooded animals whose 
bodily temperature varies with that of the surround- 
ing medium. 
Pce'onin. Coralline. 
Poe'phagus (poe or poa, plant, phago, to eat). One 
who subsists on plants or vegetables. The act of 
subsisting or feeding on herbs or vegetables is called 
Poephagia. 
Poetium (Brazil). Nicotiana tabacum. 
Po'gon. Beard. 
Pogoniasis, po-gon-e'as-is (pogon). Female beard. 
Also great strength or quantity of beard. Term also 
applied to a woman having a beard-Virago. 
Pogonium, po-gon'e-um (dim. of Pogon). Weak or 
small beard. 
Pogonology, po-gon-ol'o-je (pogon, logos, description). 
Description of, or treatise on, the beard. 
Pogonopus (po-gon'o-pus) febrif'ugus. Tree of 
South America with tonic bark, in which an alkaloid 
called howardine and a bitter substance is contained. 
Pogonotrophy, po-gon-ot'ro-fe (pogon, trophe, nour- 
ishment). Growth and nutrition of the beard. 
Pogostemon (po-go-sta'mon) interme'dius (pogon, 
887 
POISON 
stemon, stamen). P. patchouli. P. patchou'li, native 
of Penang and the Malayan peninsula. Distilled oil 
is used as a perfume. P. sua'vis, P. patchouli. 
Pohon antiar, po'hon an'te-ar. Upas. P. u'pas, 
upas. 
Pol, po'e. Paste made from root of Arum esculen- 
tum; used in Sandwich Islands. 
Poi'kiloblasts (poikilos, varied, blastos, germ). 
Blood-corpuscles of irregular shape and size. 
Poikilocyte, poi'kil-o-site (poikilos, varied, kutos, 
cell. Bed blood-corpuscle of irregular shape. 
Poikilocyto'sis. Irregularity of shape of the red 
corpuscles, as in pernicious or other form of anae- 
mia. 
Poikilothermal, poi-kil-o-thur'mal. See Pcecilother- 
mal. 
Point (pungo, punctum, to prick). Punctum ; stitch; 
see Punctum. To come to a head-said of an abscess; 
see Suppuration. P., apoph'ysary or spi'nous, see 
Apophysary. P., blistering, name given by Dr. 
Bush to an indeterminate period in a continued fever, 
intermediate between the stages of high excitement 
and collapse, in which blisters will usually produce 
unequivocally good effects. P., pain'ful, tender or 
painful spot along an inflamed nerve; see Pain/aZ. 
P., pressure, pres'sure-arrest'ing, and pres'sure- 
excH/ing, see Pressure. P., spi'nous, see Apophysary. 
P., vital, see Centrum vitale. 
Point'ing of an ab'scess. See Suppuration. 
Poiseuille, space of. Lateral current in the capil- 
laries. P., still lay'er of, see Still layer. 
Poison, poi'zn. Venenation. Generic name for all 
substances which, when introduced into the animal 
economy, either by cutaneous absorption, respiration, 
or the digestive canal, act in a noxious manner on 
the vital properties or the textures of an organ. Hence 
we speak of fever poison, cholera poison, etc. Poisons 
exist in the three kingdoms of nature; poisons from 
animals are called vgnpms, as the venom of the viper, 
scorpion, tarantula, etc., whilst those that are the 
products of disease have the name virus. In common 
parlance, therefore, poison is restricted to deleterious 
articles furnished by the mineral and vegetable king- 
doms. Orfila has divided poisons into four classes: 
1. Acrid, Irritating, Corrosive, or Escharotic, as the 
concentrated acids and alkalies-mercurial, arsenical, 
cupreous, and antimonial compounds, cantharides, 
etc. 2. Narcotic, those that act particularly upon the 
brain-as hyoscyamus, opium, etc.-but without in- 
flaming the organ with which they come in contact. 
3. Narcotico-acrid or Acro-narcotic, those that act on 
the brain or spinal marrow, or both, but at the same 
time irritate the parts to which they are applied, as 
aconite, belladonna, etc. 4. Septic or Putrescent, those 
furnished by the animal kingdom; see Venom and 
Virus. Various classifications of a similar character 
have been recommended by different toxicologists, 
but they are liable to the objection that they throw 
substances together whose physiological action on the 
system is very different. The classification of Dr. A. 
S. Taylor is as follows: 
[ Mineral . . . 
(Metallic. 
' Non-metallic 
'Acids, Alkalies, and their Salts. 
Metalloids. 
Irritants 
Vegetable. 
Animal. 
Neurotics 
[ Cerebral. 
Spinal. 
I Cerebrospinal. 
Arsenic may be cited as an example of the metallic 
irritants, savin of the vegetable, and cantharides of 
the animal irritants. Of the neurotics, morphia is a 
cerebral and strychnia a spinal neurotic, and conia 
and aconitia are cerebrospinal neurotics. Irritants 
produce speedy vomiting and purging, with pain in 
the stomach and bowels, which organs are irritated 
and inflamed. Some of this class are also corrosive, 
as the strong mineral acids, corrosive sublimate, etc. 
Others, as arsenic and carbonate of lead, are not 
chemically destructive, being pure irritants only. 
Neurotics act upon the nervous system, producing 
headache, giddiness, numbness, etc. They include 
narcotics, or cerebral poisons, which do not irritate the 
abdominal organs, and narcotico-irritants, as mix vom- 
ica and aconite, which do exert such an action. Spec- 
trum analysis, in certain cases, is capable of detecting 
the most inconceivably minute portions of a metal, as 
the 195,000,000th part of a grain. See Spectrum analysis. 
The following table exhibits a coup d'oeil of the chief 
poisons and of the circumstances of importance con- 
nected with them: POISON 
888 
POISON 
TABLE OF THE CHIEF POISONS. 
N. B.-In all cases the Stomach-pump should be used as soon as possible. 
Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
ACIDS. 
Acids, generally, are strong corrosive poi- 
The carbonates of sodium, potassium, cal- 
■ - ■ 
sons. Sour, acrid taste; burning in the throat, 
cium, and magnesium are all antidotes to the 
Acetic Acid. 
increased by pressure, swallowing, or cough- 
acids; chalk and calcined magnesia also are 
• 
ing; eructation and excruciating pain in the 
to be used with the following restrictions: 
Citric Acid. 
stomach; more or less corrugation of the 
for acetic, citric, muriatic, sulphuric, and 
- 
lining membranes of the mouth and ali- 
tartaric acids they may be used indiscrimi- 
Muriatic Acid. 
mentary canal; excoriation about the mouth 
nately. For nitric and oxalic, carbonates of 
- 
or such other parts of the skin as the acid 
magnesium and calcium can alone be em- 
Nitric Acid (Aqua For- 
may have touched. The matter vomited ef- 
ployed with safety. The salts of potassium 
tis). 
fervesces with carbonate of lime. The coun- 
or sodium should not be given in oxalic-acid 
- 
tenance becomes glazed, extremities cold 
poisoning, as the oxalates formed are soluble. 
In the case of sulphuric acid water should 
Nitromuriatic Acid 
and clammy; convulsions and death. Nitric 
(Aqua Regia). 
acid occasions yellow stains, and sulphuric 
not be drunk, on account of the great heat 
■ 
acid, black. 
which is produced by their mixture. Subse- 
Sulphuric Acid (Oil of 
quent inflammation to be treated by ordi- 
Vitriol). 
nary means. Flaxseed tea, milk, olive oil, 
--- 
soaps, white of egg, etc. may be employed to 
Tartaric Acid. 
protect the inflamed mucous membrane. 
■ 
Carbonates of the alkalies and of magne- 
Oxalic Acid. 
sium and calcium have the inconvenience 
- 
that a large quantity of gas is extricated in 
the stomach. 
Prussic or Hydrocyanic 
Acid. 
Sedative poison; nausea, giddiness, debil- 
ity, hurried pulse, weight and pain in the 
Thorough stimulation; atropine hypoder- 
mically; ammonia inhaled or swallowed, 
- 
head, dyspncea, and prolonged expiration; 
eructations having the flavor of the acid; 
but not in a very concentrated form. Cold 
Oil of Bitter Almonds. 
douche to the head; douches hot and cold 
■ 
spasms, tetanus, contractile pupil, insensibil- 
to the chest. 
Laurel Water. 
ity; involuntary passages of faeces and urine; 
- 
cyanosis, convulsions, paralysis, death. 
Nitrobenzole (Essence of 
Narcotic irritant both in liquid and vapor, 
Nitrobenzole-poisoning must be treated on 
Mirbane). 
but differs from ordinary narcotics in its per- 
sistent odor and in the rapidity of its fatal 
effects; coma following stupor at uncertain 
intervals. 
the same general principles as prussic-acid 
poisoning. 
Carbolic Acid. 
Irritant poison; gastro-enteritis; vomiting 
Treatment must be based on the general 
of frothy mucus; lining membrane of the 
treatment indicated for other irritant acids, 
mouth white and hardened; severe burning 
abdominal pain; purging; cold, clammy 
skin; insensibility, coma, stertorous breath- 
ing ; pinched and distressed face; thready 
and indistinct pulse; dyspncea; pupils con- 
tracted ; odor of carbolic acid; collapse. 
with free ingestion of sweet or castor oil or 
of soluble sulphates. Saccharate of lime is 
probably the best antidote. Mucilaginous 
drinks should be given; counter-irritation 
applied over the abdomen; stimulants given 
to excite respiratory and cardiac action; 
strychnine and digitalis administered, and 
ether and dilute sulphuric acid hypodermi- 
cally. 
ALKALIES and 
Violent, caustic, acrid taste; great heat in 
Vegetable acids, such as vinegar, lemon- 
THEIR SALTS. 
the throat, with destruction of lining mem- 
juice, citric and tartaric acid in solution, are 
■ ■ 
brane; difficult and painful deglutition; vom- 
antidotes to the alkalies and their carbonates. 
AMMONIA. 
iting of bloody matter, which turns the yel- 
The fixed oils, such as castor, linseed, almond, 
and olive, form soaps with the free alkalies, 
Strong Liquor or Water of. 
low of turmeric brown; acute pain in the 
- 
stomach ; gastro-enteritis; cold sweats, weak- 
and therefore destroy their caustic effects. 
Ammonium Chloride or 
ness, hiccough; violent colic pains, with 
Muriate, Sal Ammoniac. 
Ammonium Carbonate. 
purging of bloody stools and membranous 
flakes; stupor or coma, death. 
POTASSA. 
Caustic Potassa and 
Liquor Potasses. 
Potassium Sulphate. 
Potassium Carbonate or 
Pearlash, and Salt of 
Tartar. 
Potassium Bitartrate 
Irritant poison, sometimes with paralysis 
(Cream of Tartar). 
of the lower extremities. 
Potassium Nitrate (Salt- 
Will not manifest the effect with turmeric 
Poisoning to be treated on general anti- 
petre). 
paper. The carbonates when vomited will 
effervesce with acids; and the liver of sul- 
phlogistic principles; mucilaginous drinks. 
- 
Same treatment as for amyl nitrite. 
Same treatment as for amyl nitrite. 
phur will give rise to eructations of sulphur- 
etted hydrogen. 
Potassium Nitrite. 
Same symptoms as for amyl nitrite. 
Potassium Binoxalate. 
The symptoms of poisoning correspond to 
those of oxalic acid. 
Potassium Sulphuret 
Liver of sulphur is said to be decomposed 
(Liver of Sulphur). 
and neutralized by common salt. Liquid 
chloride of soda will also decompose it. 
Potassium Cyanide (see 
Hydrocyanic acid). 
SODA. 
Sodium Nitrate. 
Sodium Nitrite. 
Same symptoms as for amyl nitrite 
Same treatment as for amyl nitrite. 
I. INORGANIC POISONS. POISON 
889 
POISON 
Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
EARTHS and COM- 
POUNDS. 
BARYTA. 
Barium Carbonate. 
Barium Chloride. 
Baryta Nitrate. 
LIME AND PREPARA- 
TIONS OF CALCIUM. 
Analogous to those of the corrosive metals. 
Violent burning in the stomach, vomiting, 
gripes, diarrhoea; excessive muscular de- 
bility, headache, convulsions, death. Lime 
differs from baryta in being a pure irritant. 
The sulphates of sodium and magnesium 
are prompt and effective antidotes to all the 
poisonous salts of baryta. Phosphate of 
sodium will also counteract their effects. 
Lime may be neutralized by dilute acids, as 
vinegar, lemon-juice, etc. Carbonic acid in 
soda water, effervescing draught, or yeast, it 
is supposed, would answer a good purpose. 
The fixed oils may be employed either for 
baryta or lime when not in a compound state. 
ALCOHOL. 
Brandy, Whiskey, Wines, 
and all Spirituous Liq- 
uors. 
Intoxication, and when alcohol has been 
taken very freely, stupor, rapid pulse; com- 
plete insensibility, with apoplexy or paralysis 
of one side; the countenance swollen and of 
a dark-red color; the breathing difficult, and 
often stertorous, with a peculiar puffing out 
of the lips; the breath smells of liquor, which 
will distinguish the symptoms from those of 
spontaneous apoplexy. 
A powerful emetic should be given as soon 
as possible; and if the person has lost the 
power of swallowing, a flexible catheter or 
tube should be the means of conveying it to 
the stomach. Vomiting should be encouraged 
as much as possible with warm water; and 
large and active glysters of salt and water 
should be thrown up. Apply heat exter- 
nally; administer strychnine, ammonia, or 
atropine by hypodermatic injection. The 
patient should be placed erect, and cold wet 
cloths applied to the head, particularly if the 
body be hotter than natural. If the extrem- 
ities become cold, warmth and friction 
should be perseveringly used until a more 
normal temperature results. 
VOLATILE OILS. 
Creosote (see also Car- 
bolic acid). 
Dippel's Animal Oil. 
Oil of Tar. 
Oil of Tobacco. 
Oil of Turpentine. 
Amylic Alcohol (Fusel 
Oil). 
Other Volatile Oils. 
General action, that of irritant poisons. 
Burning pain, vomiting, pungent taste, purg- 
ing, etc. The oils of turpentine and tobacco 
affect the nervous system; the peculiar odor 
of each oil will be manifested in the matter 
vomited. The vapor of fusel oil when in- 
haled in a diluted state irritates the respira- 
tory organs, produces headache, nausea, and 
giddiness. It is more potent in its effects in 
vapor than when swallowed as a liquid. 
Creasote is immediately coagulated by al- 
bumen. Dippel's animal oil may be coun- 
teracted with dilute acids and the fixed oils. 
The other oils have no particular antidotes, 
and their effects must, therefore, be coun- 
teracted upon general principles. The sul- 
phates, of magnesia particularly, may be 
given in turpentine-poisoning with demul- 
cent or albuminous drinks. 
GASES. 
Carbonic Acid or Fixed 
Air. 
Carbonic Oxide. 
Fumes of Burning Char- 
coal. 
Chlorine. 
Sulphuretted Hydrogen. 
Sulphurous Acid. 
Nitrous Acid. 
Hydrochloric Acid. 
Ammonia. 
Carburetted Hydrogen 
(Coal Gas). 
Chlorine, sulphurous, nitrous, and hydro- 
chloric acid gases produce, when inhaled, vio- 
lent irritation of the organs of respiration; 
cough, bloody expectoration, inflammation of 
the lungs, and permanent pulmonary disease. 
Ammonia vapor is poisonous, exciting in- 
flammation of the larynx, bronchial tubes, 
and lungs. The other gases, although pro- 
ducing some effect on the respiratory organs, 
act as poisons in consequence of their sed- 
ative agency. The symptoms, therefore, are 
those of apoplexy or narcotic poisoning. 
• 
• 
The antidotes to chlorine are the cautious 
inhalation of ammonia or sulphuretted hy- 
drogen. The inflammatory symptoms from 
chlorine to be treated on general principles. 
For the other gases alternate warm and cold 
effusions to the head and chest, friction, 
mustard plasters, etc., artificial respiration. 
In poisoning by chlorine, ether may be cau- 
tiously inhaled or steam may be similarly 
employed. For carbonic oxide, fresh air and 
artificial respiration, and even transfusion 
may be resorted to. For sulphuretted hy- 
drogen, chlorine may be cautiously inhaled. 
The vapor of vinegar may be used for vapors 
of ammonia-poisoning. 
CHLOROFORM, 
ETHER, CHLORAL, 
ETC. 
Chloroform. 
Bichloride of Methylene. 
Ether. 
Amylene. 
Nitrous Oxide. 
Hydrate of Chloral. 
Amyl Nitrite. 
Ethyl Nitrite. 
These substances, as therapeutic agents, 
belong to the class of anaesthetics or neurotic 
poisons, which act on the brain and produce 
insensibility. 
Chloroform vapor, inhaled in a concen- 
trated form, produces speedily fatal effects. 
Diluted with atmospheric air, it causes in- 
sensibility and total loss of muscular power, 
stertorous breathing, death sometimes result- 
ing from shock, syncope, or convulsions. 
Dilatation of the pupil, associated with anaes- 
thesia, is an unfavorable sign. When swal- 
lowed as a liquid, it is a much less active 
poison. 
Ether in its effects, when swallowed, re- 
sembles alcohol; the vapor, when inhaled, 
has, however, been fatal in several instances. 
Blueness of the skin, paralysis of movements 
of the chest, weak and quick pulse, stertorous 
respiration and depression of temperature 
are the chief symptoms. 
The treatment must be conducted on gen- 
eral principles and according to the symp- 
toms. 
At once cease the application of the anes- 
thetic ; invert the patient; attempt resuscita- 
tion by hypodermic injections of digitalis, 
strychnia, atropia, etc., not alcohol or ether; 
use electricity. 
Treatment similar to that for chloroform. POISON 
890 
POISON 
Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
Amylene, seldom employed as an anaes- 
thetic, may induce narcotism and paralysis 
of the heart. 
Nitrous oxide, in addition to its exhilarat- 
ing effects, produces loss of consciousness 
and insensibility to pain, which may be 
pushed so far as to produce death; although 
such a result is very rare. 
Hydrate of chloral is a sedative, hypnotic, 
and narcotic, without producing a stage of 
excitement; and sudden death has resulted 
after profound sleep and coma from excessive 
doses. The pulse is slow and thready; res- 
piration weak and labored; the temperature 
much reduced. The fatal effects have been 
ascribed by some toxicologists and thera- 
peutists to the conversion of chloral in the 
system into chloroform and formic acid, 
through the instrumentality of the alka- 
lies of the blood. 
Treatment of chloral-poisoning is by 
emetics; hypodermic injection of strychnine, 
digitalis, ammonia, atropia, etc. Keep head 
low; apply heat externally; stimulate with 
oxygen inhalation, artificial respiration, etc. 
NITROGLYCERIN. 
Vertigo; headache, irregular pulse; dilated 
pupil; pain over the heart; partial suppres- 
sion of urine; nausea, etc. 
General principles of stimulation, exter- 
nally and internally; cold applications to the 
head; ergotin internally; subcutaneous in- 
jection of atropine. 
IODINE. 
Potassium Iodide. 
BROMINE. 
Analogous to those of irritant poisons; 
burning pain in the throat, lacerating pain 
in the stomach, and fruitless efforts to vomit; 
gastro-enteritis; salivation; feeble pulse; ex- 
cessive thirst; pallor of the face; suffusion 
of the eyes; excessive pain and tenderness 
of the epigastrium; suppression of urine; 
albuminuria, convulsions, and death. 
Iodine combines with starch and forms an 
insoluble compound. The prompt adminis- 
tration of starch, wheat flour, or other vege- 
table matter containing fecula, beat up in 
water, is recommended. Iodide of potassium 
has no antidote. Vomiting should be pro- 
moted by draughts of warm water, and in- 
flammation be subdued by general treatment. 
Steam inhalations should be employed; also 
in bromine-poisoning. Alcohol, digitalis, 
strychnine, etc. may be given hypodermi- 
cally whenever indicated, in either iodine- or 
bromine-poisoning. 
ANTIMONY. 
Tartar Emetic. 
Chloride or Butter of 
Antimony. 
Antimony Oxide. 
Vomiting of mucus, bile, or even blood. If 
vomiting do not occur promptly, violent irri- 
tant effects are produced. Gastro-intestinal 
disturbances ; burning pain in the pit of the 
stomach; purging, fecal or bilious, or even 
blood; subsequently rice-water discharges, 
resembling those of Asiatic cholera; colicky 
pains, sense of tightness in the throat, violent 
cramps; repeated recurrence of vomiting; 
weak, slow, almost imperceptible pulse; 
pinched face; reduced temperature, delirium, 
unconsciousness, convulsions, and perhaps 
death. 
If vomiting have not been produced, it 
should be brought about by tickling the 
fauces and administering copious draughts 
of warm water. Tannic acid. Astringent in- 
fusions, such as of galls, oak bark, Peruvian 
bark, act as antidotes, and should be given 
promptly; powdered yellow bark may be 
used until the infusion is prepared. White 
of egg. General stimulation internally and 
externally. 
ARSENIC. 
Arsenious Acid or White 
Arsenic. 
Arsenic Acid. 
Orpiment, or Yellow Sul- 
phuret of Arsenic. 
King's Yellow. 
Realgar, or Red Sul- 
phuret of Arsenic. 
Fly Powder. 
Solution of Arsenite of 
Potash (Fowler's Solu- 
tion). - 
Arsenical Paste. 
Arsenical Soap. 
Copper Arsenite (Scheele's 
Green, Emerald Green). 
Arseniuretted Hydrogen. 
Paris Green or Copper 
Arseniate. 
Violent burning pain in the oesophagus and 
region of the stomach and bowels; colic; 
tenderness on pressure ; retching; vomiting; 
sense of dryness and tightness in the throat; 
excessive thirst; metallic taste in the mouth; 
hoarseness and difficulty of speech; the mat- 
ter vomited greenish or yellowish, some- 
times streaked with blood; purging; tenes- 
mus ; sometimes excoriation of the anus; 
urinary organs occasionally affected with 
violent burning pains and suppression ; pulse 
is weak and small; respiration rapid and 
labored; convulsions and cramps; clammy 
sweats; lividity of the extremities; counte- 
nance at first swollen, afterward collapsed; 
eyes red and sparkling; delirium; convul- 
sions, coma, and death. Eruptions in sub- 
acute or chronic cases are sometimes present. 
Some of these symptoms may be absent 
where the poisoning results from inhalation, 
as of arseniuretted hydrogen. 
The hydrated peroxide or sesquioxide of 
iron diffused through water ; or the precipi- 
tated carbonate; or the rubigo ferri, in very 
fine powder, to be administered every five or 
ten minutes until relief is obtained. It may 
be found already prepared in the drug-store, 
or be prepared at once, in an emergency, by 
adding ten troy oz. of solution of tersulphate 
of iron to eight troy ounces of water of am- 
monia. Ferrum oxidum hydratum cum mag- 
nesia (Ph. U. S.) is a still better antidote. This 
is particularly efficacious when the white arse- 
nic has been swallowed. If the arsenic have 
been taken in the form of Fowler's solution, 
lime-water,in copious draughts,may be given. 
For either of the other forms, emetics of sul- 
phate of zinc; diluents ; demulcents, such as 
flaxseed tea, infusion of slippery elm, etc. 
Counter-irritants may be used to relieve the 
spasm and violent pain in the stomach. 
Bleeding, as promoting absorption, should 
not be employed until the stomach is com- 
pletely evacuated. Magnesia, freshly pre- 
cipitated or not too highly calcined, has been 
used with advantage in arsenious-acid poi- 
soning. If there should be suppression of 
urine, sweet spirits of nitre should be freely 
given. 
BISMUTH. 
Bismuth Nitrate. 
Bismuth Subnitrate 
(Pearl Powder.) 
Bismuth Oxide. 
Bismuth Subcarbonate. 
Similar to those produced by other irritant 
poisons. General inflammation of the whole 
alimentary canal; suppression of urine; hic- 
cough; disagreeable metallic taste; vomit- 
ing; cramps; delirium; death. 
Milk and sweet mucilaginous drinks are 
recommended. Leeches, general bleeding; 
glysters; fomentations to be employed on the 
general principles of treatment for inflam- 
matory symptoms. Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
COPPER. 
Copper Sulphate (Blue 
Vitriol). 
Copper Acetate. 
Copper Subacetate 
(Verdigris). 
Carbonate of Copper 
(Blue Verditer). 
Arsenite of Copper 
(Scheele's Green). 
Food cooked in dirty cop- 
per vessels; or pickles 
or other articles made 
green by copper. 
GOLD. 
Chloride of Gold. 
Fulminating Gold. 
Other Preparations of 
Gold. 
Very similar to those produced by arsenic. 
Coppery eructations and taste. Epileptiform 
convulsions, delirium; jaundice; suppres- 
sion of urine. Fatal cases are generally ter- 
minated by convulsions, palsy, insensibility. 
Emetics and the stomach-pump should be 
employed. Yellow prussiate of potash is an 
antidote. Albumen to be administered in 
either of its forms which can be most readily 
obtained, as milk or whites of eggs, with de- 
mulcent drinks, oils, milk, etc.; opium may 
be given to relieve pain. Vinegar should not 
be given. The inflammatory and nervous 
symptoms are to be treated on general prin- 
ciples. 
Very analogous to those of other irritant 
poisons. This substance communicates a 
pink stain to the flesh, and patches of that 
color may be found about the lips and inside 
the mouth. 
The salts of gold are decomposed by sul- 
phate of iron, and this has therefore been 
recommended as an antidote. Inflammatory 
symptoms to be treated on general principles. 
IRON. 
Sulphate of Iron, Cop- 
peras, Green Vitriol. 
Chloride of Iron and the 
Tincture of the Chloride 
of Iron. 
Analogous to those of other irritant poi- 
sons; colicky pains, constant vomiting and 
purging. Violent pain in the throat, tension 
of the epigastrium, coldness of the skin, and 
feebleness of the pulse. 
Carbonate of soda would be a most excel- 
lent antidote to either of these substances. 
Mucilaginous drinks might also be em- 
ployed, and particular symptoms relieved 
by general treatment. 
LEAD. 
Acetate of Lead 
(Sugar of Lead), 
Subacetate of Lead 
(Goulard's Extract). 
Carbonate of Lead 
(White Lead, etc.). 
Red Oxide or Red Lead. 
Litharge. 
Wines sweetened by Lead. 
Water which has been kept 
in leaden vessels. 
Acid food, cooked or left 
standing for any length 
of time in vessels glazed 
with lead. 
Irritation of the alimentary canal; spasm; 
epigastric pain; nervous symptoms; paral- 
ysis, either partial or complete. When taken 
for some time in small quantity, violent and 
obstinate colic; rigidity of abdominal mus- 
cles, cramps; remission of pain; obstinate 
constipation, urine diminished, saliva in- 
creased; sweet taste in the mouth; counte- 
nance anxious and gloomy; pulse quick and 
weak; great thirst; subsultus. If relief be 
not promptly obtained, giddiness, debility, 
coma, convulsions, and death. The paralysis 
affects generally the upper extremities. 
Emetics and stomach-pump; mucilaginous 
or other thick drinks; soluble sulphates, as of 
magnesium and sodium, and phosphate of 
soda, are good antidotes for the soluble 
salts of lead. Opium may be needed to re- 
lieve pain. For the solid forms dilute sul- 
phuric acid may be drunk. These are appli- 
cable to the irritant forms of poisoning by 
lead. In the chronic form, or colica picto- 
num, purgatives and anodynes are resorted 
to, and external applications to relieve the 
cramps. The use of strychnia is recommended 
for the paralysis, and iodide of potassium for 
the chronic form generally. 
MERCURY. 
Corrosive Sublimate. 
Cyanide of Mercury. 
Nitrate of Mercury. 
Ammonio-chloride of Mer- 
cury 
(White Precipitate). 
Red Oxide or Red Pre- 
cipitate. 
Sulphate or Turbith 
Mineral. 
Vermilion, or Red Sul- 
phuret. 
Mercuric Methide, or 
Methyl. 
Mild Chloride of Mercury 
(Calomel). 
Other Preparations of 
Mercury. 
Similar to those of irritant poisons; harsh 
metallic astringent taste; burning pain in 
the stomach; vomiting and purging, fre- 
quently of bloody matter; often irritation of 
the urinary organs, and sometimes suppres- 
sion; tightness and burning in the throat, 
occasionally so great as to prevent speech; 
fetor of the breath; pulse small and irregu- 
lar; countenance not always pale, but some- 
times flushed; tendency to doze; sometimes 
eruption on the skin; coma, convulsions, and 
death. 
As a result of exposure to the vapors of 
mercuric methide (which is a heavy colorless 
liquid containing 87 per cent, of mercury), 
dimness of vision, numbness of the hands, 
deafness, debility, swelling and tenderness of 
the gums, general impairment of the senses. 
Calomel is an irritant poison, when admin- 
istered in large doses producing excessive 
salivation, and, at times, death. 
The stomach-pump. Albumen, in some 
form, must be promptly administered-either 
whites of eggs beaten up with water, milk, or 
wheat flour beaten up. The inflammatory 
symptoms to be counteracted by the usual 
means. Stimulation externally and inter- 
nally on the heart and respiratory organs. 
In the chronic form iodide of potassium has 
been given. 
Same as for other mercurials, and treatment 
of symptoms on general principles. 
SILVER. 
Nitrate of Silver (Lunar 
Caustic). 
Those of other irritant poisons. 
Chloride of sodium, or common salt, im- 
mediately decomposes this substance and 
destroys its activity. Antiphlogistic treat- 
ment is to be employed for the inflammatory 
symptoms, to counteract the irritating effects 
of the nitrate. 
POISON 
891 
POISON Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
TIN. 
Chloride of Tin. 
Solution of Tin, used by 
Dyers. 
Oxide of Tin, or Putty 
Powder. 
Other Preparations of 
Tin. 
The same as those from other irritant 
poisons, and a peculiar tanned appearance 
of the villous coat of the stomach. 
Milk to be given copiously, and the subse- 
quent treatment to be regulated by the 
symptoms. 
ZINC. 
Sulphate of Zinc (White 
Vitriol). 
Acetate of Zinc. 
Violent vomiting; astringent taste, burn- 
ing pain in the stomach ; pale countenance; 
cold extremities ; dull eyes ; fluttering pulse. 
Death seldom ensues, in consequence of the 
emetic effects. 
The vomiting may be relieved by copious 
draughts of warm water. Carbonate of so- 
dium, administered in solution, will decom- 
pose the sulphate of zinc. Milk and albu- 
men also act as antidotes. General princi- 
ples are to be observed in the subsequent 
treatment, attention being paid to its effects 
as an irritant. 
PREPARATIONS OF 
CHROMIUM. 
The preparations of chromium belong to 
the class of irritants. The bichromate of 
potassium, used as a dye, has caused death. 
It produces also sloughing sores and foul 
intractable ulcers on the hands of those em- 
ployed in its manufacture. 
Emetics and magnesia or chalk. 
PHOSPHORUS. 
Those of other irritant poisons ; burning 
pain in the stomach and bowels ; gastro-en- 
teritis; vomiting sometimes of coffee- 
grounds ; delirium, vertigo; deficient and 
albuminous urine, coma, etc. The symp- 
toms of phosphorus-poisoning resemble those 
of yellow atrophy of the liver. Diarrhoea, 
tenderness and tension of the abdomen are 
often prominent symptoms of this form of 
poisoning. Phosphorous taste. 
An emetic to be promptly administered; 
copious draughts containing magnesia in 
suspension; mucilaginous drinks ; purga- 
tives, opium to relieve pain; general treat- 
ment for inflammatory symptoms. Sulphate 
of copper is an antidote ; solution of potas- 
sium permanganate more positively so (% to 
% per cent.) Do not prescribe oils or fats. 
GLASS ok ENAMEL. 
If taken in very coarse powder, it produces 
irritation and inflammation of the bowels. 
Large quantities of crumbs of bread should 
be eaten, to envelop the particles. An emetic 
of sulphate of zinc should then be given, and 
vomiting be promoted by tepid demulcent 
drinks. 
POISON 
892 
POISON 
II. ORGANIC POISONS. 
1. VEGETABLE POISONS. 
Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
IRRITANT. 
Aloe spicata, A. vulgaris, etc. (Cape, 
Socotrine, etc.). Aloes. 
Anemone pulsatilla. Wind Flower. 
Arum maculatum. Wake Fobin. 
Bryonia dioiea. Bryony. 
Calla palustris. Water Arum. 
Chelidonium majus. Celandine. 
Clematis vitalba. Virgin Bower. 
Convolvulus jalapa. Jalap. 
Convolvulus scammonia. Scammony. 
Croton tiglium. Purging Croton {Croton 
Oil). 
Cucumis colocynthis. Colocynth. 
Daphne gnidium. Spurge Flax. 
Daphne mezereon. Mezereon. 
Delphinium staphisagria. Stavesacre. 
Dioiea palustris. Swamp Leather-wood. 
Euphorbia offlcinarum. Euphorbium 
Spurge. 
Gratiola officinalis. Hedge Hyssop. 
Jatropha curcas. Indian Nut. 
Jatropha manihot. Cassada. 
Juniperus sabina. Savin (Oil of). 
Momordica elaterium. Squirting Cu- 
cumber. 
Narcissus pseudonarcissus. Daffodil. 
Pastinax sativa. Common Parsnip. 
Phytolacca decandra. Poke. 
Piper cubeba. Cubebs. 
Ranunculus acris and other species. 
Crowfoot. 
Rhododendron chrysanthemum. Ole- 
ander. 
Ricinis communis. Castor OH Plant. 
Sambucus ebulus. Elder. 
Sedum acre. Stone Crop. 
Stalagmitis cambogioides. Gamboge. 
Tanacetum vulgare. Especially the 
oil (Oil of Tansy). 
The general effects of this class of 
vegetable poisons are : an acrid pun- 
gent taste, with more or less of bitter- 
ness, excessive heat, great dryness of 
the mouth and throat, with sense of 
tightness there ; violent vomiting, the 
efforts being continued even after the 
stomach is emptied; purging, with 
great pain in the stomach and bowels; 
pulse strong, frequent, and regular; 
breathing often quick and difficult; 
appearances of intoxication ; the pu- 
pil of the eye frequently dilated, in- 
sensibility resembling death; the 
pulse becomes slow and loses its 
force, and death closes the scene. 
If applied externally, many of 
them produce violent inflammation 
of the skin, with vesications or erup- 
tions of pustules. 
If vomiting has been occasioned 
by the poison, and the efforts are 
still continued, they may be rendered 
easier by large draughts of warm 
water or thin gruel; but if symp- 
toms of insensibility have come on 
without vomiting, it ought to be im- 
mediately excited by the sulphate of 
zinc or some other active emetic 
substance, and after its operation a 
sharp purgative should be given. 
After as much as possible of the 
poison is got rid of, a very strong in- 
fusion of coffee, or vinegar diluted 
with water, may be given with ad- 
vantage. Camphor mixture with 
ether may be taken frequently, and 
if insensibility be considerable, 
warmth, frictions, and blisters may 
be employed. Mucilaginous drinks 
and demulcents should be freely 
given ; also opium, and all methods 
practicable for stimulation. If in- 
flammation or other dangerous con- 
sequences have been induced, they 
are to be treated upon general princi- 
ples. 
The fruit of Feuillea cordifolia has 
been recommended as a powerful an- 
tidote against vegetable poisons ; (?) 
it is to be used in as recent a state as 
possible. 
N. B. Bromine, chlorine, and iodine 
are said to be antidotes to the alka- 
loids generally, and so are tannic 
acid and animal charcoal. POISON 
893 
POISON 
Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
ACRONARCOTIC. 
The narcotic vegetable poisons, if 
In treating this class of poisons 
TEthusa cynapinm. Common FooVs 
taken into the stomach or applied to 
the stomach must be effectually evac- 
Parsley. 
Aconitum napellus. Monkshood. 
a wound, occasion the following ef- 
uated, the emetic to be repeated every 
fects: stupor, numbness, heaviness 
quarter of an hour till the full effect 
Agaricus, five species. Mushrooms 
(poisonous). 
Amanita, mnsearia. Truffles (poison- 
in the head; desire to vomit, slight 
is produced. These means may be 
at first, but afterward insupportable ; 
assisted by tickling the throat with a 
a sort of intoxication, stupid air, pu- 
pil of the eye generally dilated; 
feather or the finger. Large and 
strong glysters of soap dissolved in 
ous). 
Anagallis arvensis. Meadow Pimpernel. 
Apocynum androssemifolium. Dogs- 
diplopia; furious or lively delirium, 
sometimes pain ; convulsions of dif- 
water, or of salt and gruel, should be 
speedily administered, to clear the 
ferent parts of the body or palsy of 
bowels and assist in getting rid of 
Aristolochia clematis. Birthwort. 
the limbs. The pulse is variable, at 
the poison; and active purgatives 
Arnica montana. Leopard's Bane. 
first generally strong and full, but 
may be given after the vomiting has 
Asclepias Syriaca. Swallowwort. 
Atropa belladonna. Deadly Night- 
sometimes feeble and slow, as after 
ceased. When as much as possible 
aconite ; the breathing is quick, and 
of the poison has been expelled, the 
there is great anxiety and dejection, 
patient may drink, alternately, a tea- 
JEsculus Ohioensis. Buckeye. 
which, if not speedily relieved, soon 
cupful of strong hot Infusion of cof- 
Brucea antidysenterica. False Angus- 
ends in death. 
With atropia belladonna there 
fee and vinegar diluted with water. 
The drowsiness is sometimes ex- 
Calabar bean. See Physostigma veneno- 
is dryness of the mouth and fauces ; 
treme, and the insensibility border- 
sum. 
flushed face, dilated pupil; delirium, 
scarlatinal rash ; retention of urine ; 
ing on apoplexy. If the heat declines, 
warmth and frictions must be perse- 
ver ingly used. Vegetable acids are 
stupor, etc. 
on no account to be given before the 
poison is expelled, and it is desirable 
that but little fluid of any kind should 
be administered. Tannic acid is used 
in poisoning by conium, digitalis, col- 
chicum, etc. 
Bromine, chlorine, and iodine are 
said to be antidotes to the alkaloids 
generally. Electro-magnetism has 
been found efficacious in the drowsi- 
ness and sleep of narcotic poisoning. 
Where myositic narcotic poisons, as 
opium, have been taken, mydriatics, 
as belladonna and stramonium, have 
been recommended. In aconite and 
other active poisoning of this class 
digitalis, ether, or alcohol may be 
given hypodermically. Better wash 
out the stomach than administer 
direct emetics. Apply heat external- 
ly ; use atropine, ammonia, etc. Tan- 
nic acid is given as an antidote to 
belladonna or atropia, and also pilo- 
carpine, on account of its physiologi- 
cal antagonism, a matter worthy re- 
membering in poisoning by other 
substances. 
Cannabis Indica. 
Feeling of excitement and exhila- 
ration, succeeded by drowsiness and 
sleepiness; loss of muscular power; 
dilated pupils; quick pulse; perhaps 
Stimulation; atropia; artificial res- 
piration. 
convulsions. 
Chenopodium. Wormseed. 
Cicuta maculata. American Hemlock. 
Cicuta virosa. Water Hemlock. 
Cocculus Indicus. Fish Berries. 
Colchicum autumnale. Meadow Saf- 
fron. 
Conium maculatum. Hemlock. 
Curare. Indian) War Poison. 
Cystisus laburnum. Laburnum. 
Datura stramonium. Thorn Apple. 
Digitalis purpurea. Foxglove. 
Vomiting; headache; disturbance 
of vision; giddiness; full pulse, 
sometimes dicrotic; pallor; diar- 
rhoea ; syncope; stupor; convulsions, 
etc. 
Ergot. See Secale. 
Gaultheria procumbens. Wintergreen 
(Oil of). 
Gelsemium sempervivens. Yellow Jes- 
samine. 
Helleborus niger. Black Hellebore. 
Ipecacuanha. Ipecacuanha. 
Laurus camphora. Camphor. 
Lobelia inflata. Indian Tobacco. 
Lolium temulentum. Darnel. 
Melia azedarach. Pride of China. 
t 
Nerium oleander. Common Oleander. 
Nicotiana tabacum. Tobacco. 
Great depression, vertigo, cold skin, 
and the usual symptoms of intense 
sedation. 
CEnanthe crocata. Hemlock Dropwort. 
Phelandrium aquaticum. 
Physostigma venenosum. Calabar 
Muscular tremor; contraction of 
Stimulants ; atropine ; chloral; 
Bean. 
the pupils ; slow irregular breathing; 
absence of various forms of reflexes, 
strychnine; artificial respiration. 
etc. 
Picrotoxin. 
Epileptiform or circular spasms, 
Chloral; bromide of potassium. 
slowness of pulse, stoppage of the 
motion of the diaphragm are the 
chief symptoms observed. POISON 
894 
POISON 
Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
Pilocarpine. 
Piscidia erythrina. Jamaica Dogwood. 
Polygala venenosa (of Java). 
Rhus radicans. Poison Vine. 
Rhus toxicodendron. Poison Oak. 
Ruta graveolens. Rue. 
Sanguinaria Canadensis. Bloodroot. 
Scilla maritima. Squill. Sea Onion. 
Secale eornutum. Ergot. Spurred Bye. 
Sium latifollum. Procumbent Water 
Parsnep. 
Spigelia Marilandica. Pink Boot. 
Strychnos Ignatii. St. Ignatius's Bean. 
Strychnos nux vomica. Nux vomica. 
Symplocarpus foetida. Skunk Cabbage. 
Veratrum album. White Hellebore. 
Veratrum sabadilla. 
Veratrum viride. Green Hellebore. 
Woorara. War Poison of Guiana. 
Zea mays. Maize (diseased). 
NARCOTIC. 
Actsea spicata. Baneberry. 
Amygdalus communis. Bitter Almond. 
Amygdalus Persica. Peach. 
Hyoscyamus albus. White Henbane. 
Hyoscyamus niger. Black Henbane. 
Kalmia latifolia. Mountain Ivy. 
Lactuca virosa. Strong-scented Lettuce. 
Opium (and its proximate principles). 
Papaver somniferum. Poppy. 
Prunus laurocerasus. Cherry-laurel. 
Prunus Virginiana. Wild Cherry. 
Solanum dulcamara. Bittersweet. 
Sorbus aucuparia. Mountain Ash. 
Dimness of vision; vomiting; sud- 
den collapse; swelling of the salivary 
glands and tonsils; hiccough; dimi- 
nution in quantity of urine; albu- 
minuria, strangury, etc. 
In addition to other symptoms of 
this class, there is tetanic rigidity or 
spasm, with convulsions, opisthoto- 
nos, fixation of the eyes, cramps, pal- 
lor, involuntary evacuations of the 
bowels and bladder, accompanied 
with tetanus, etc. 
Loss of muscular power, coldness 
of the surface, vomiting, thin rapid 
pulse, tetanic convulsions ; depression 
of temperature; evidences of intense 
sedation. 
Symptoms similar to those of vera- 
trum sabadilla. 
Drowsiness; somnolency, full slow 
pulse, contraction of the pupils, fol- 
lowed by stertorous breathing; blue- 
ness of the surface; slow respiration, 
cold sweat, and symptoms of ap- 
proaching death from narcotism. 
Same symptoms. 
Atropine, by subcutaneous injec- 
tion. 
General stimulation, externally and 
internally. 
All the means suggested for exter- 
nal and internal stimulation should 
be employed, such as hypodermic in- 
jections of ammonia, digitalis, strych- 
nia, etc. 
Empty the stomach; give warm 
coffee; stimulate with ammonia; 
arouse the patient by flagellation 
with a towel; apply the galvanic bat- 
tery ; keep him walking about; ad- 
minister atropine subcutaneously; 
and practise artificial respiration if 
the conditions are such as to render 
this procedure necessary. 
Same treatment. 
POISONOUS MUSHROOMS (FUNGI). 
Agaricus. 
Nausea, heat, and pain in the stom- 
ach and bowels, with vomiting and 
purging, thirst; convulsions and 
faintings; pulse small and frequent; 
delirium, dilated pupil, and stupor; 
cold sweats and death. 
Poisonous mushrooms may be dis- 
tinguished from the edible by their 
botanical characters, and by the fol- 
lowing criteria: the former grow in 
wet, shady places, have a nauseous 
odor; are softer, more open and por- 
ous ; have a dirty-looking surface, 
sometimes a gaudy color, or many 
very distinct hues, particularly if 
they have been covered with an en- 
velope ; they have soft, bulbous stalks, 
grow rapidly, and corrupt quickly. 
The stomach and bowels to be 
cleared by an emetic of tartarized an- 
timony, followed by frequent doses 
of Glauber's or Epsom salt, and large, 
stimulating glysters. After the poison 
is evacuated ether may be adminis- 
tered, with small quantities of brandy 
and water; but if inflammatory symp- 
toms manifest themselves, such stim- 
uli should be omitted and other ap- 
propriate means be had recourse to. 
2. ANIMAL POISONS* 
POISONOUS FISH. 
Balistes monoceros. Old Wife. 
Cancer astacus. Crawfish. 
Cancer ruricolus. Land Crab. 
Clupea thryssa. Yellow-billed Sprat. 
Coracinus fuscus major. Gray Snapper. 
Coracinus minor. Hyne. 
Coryphaena splendens. Dolphin. 
In an hour or two, or often in a 
much shorter time, after the fish has 
been eaten, a weight at the stomach 
comes on, with slight vertigo and 
headache, sense of heat about the 
head and eyes, considerable thirst, 
and often an eruption of the skin 
(urticaria), and in many cases death. 
An emetic should be speedily ad- 
ministered, or, in the absence of it, 
vomiting may be excited by tickling 
the throat with the finger and taking 
large draughts of warm water. After 
full vomiting an active purgative 
should be given to remove any of the 
noxious matter that may have found 
* In addition to the animal poisons here enumerated may be mentioned narcotico-irritant poisoning from sausage- 
meat, poisoning from diseased pork, from trichinae (see Trichiniasis), from putrescent food, poisoned game, etc. Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
Mormyra. Blue Parrot Fish. 
Mursena major. Conger Eel. 
Mytilus edulis. Mussel. 
Ostracion globellum. Smooth Bottle Fish. 
Perea major. Barracuda. 
Perea venenosa. Grooper. 
Perea venenata. Bock Fish. 
Physalia. Portuguese Man-of- War. 
Scomber eoeruleus. Spanish Mackerel. 
Scomber maximus. King Fish. 
Scomber thynnus. Bonetta. 
Sparus chrysops. Porgee. 
Tetrodon sceleratus. Tunny. 
Tetrodon ocellatus. Blower. 
its way into the intestines. Vinegar 
and water may be drunk after the 
above remedies have operated, and 
the body sponged with the same. 
Water, made very sweet with sugar, 
to which ether may be added, may 
be drunk freely, and a very weak so- 
lution of alkali to obviate the poison- 
ous effects. If spasm ensue after 
evacuations, laudanum in consider- 
able doses is necessary. If inflam- 
mation occur, the usual means of 
combating it must be employed. 
POISONOUS SERPENTS. 
Boa crotaloides. Copperhead. 
Cenchris mockeson. Mockeson. 
Cerastes nasleornis. Homed Viper of 
Western Africa. 
Coluber berus. Viper. 
Coluber prester. Black Viper. 
Crotalus (5 species). Rattlesnake. 
Scytale piscivorus. Water Viper. 
Naja tripudians. Cobra di Capella. 
A sharp pain in the wounded part 
which soon extends over the limb or 
body; great swelling, at first hard 
and pale, then reddish, livid, and 
gangrenous in appearance; faintings, 
vomitings, convulsions, and some- 
times jaundice; pulse small, frequent, 
and irregular; breathing difficult, cold 
sweats, the sight fails, and the intel- 
lectual faculties are deranged. In- 
flammation, and often extensive sup- 
puration and gangrene, followed by 
death. 
A cupping-glass to be applied over 
the wound, or a moderately tight lig- 
ature above the bites, and the wound 
left to bleed after being well washed 
with warm water; the actual cau- 
tery, lunar caustic, or butter of anti- 
mony to be then applied freely to it, 
and afterward covered with lint 
dipped in equal parts of olive oil and 
spirit of hartshorn. The ligature to 
be removed if the inflammation be 
considerable. Warm, diluting drinks 
and small doses of ammonia or harts- 
horn to cause perspiration; the pa- 
tient to be well covered in bed, and a 
little warm wine given occasionally. 
In some cases alcoholic drinks must 
be very liberally administered. Ar- 
senic has been recommended, also 
Bibron's antidote, but neither is reli- 
able. Prof. Halford of Australia rec- 
ommends hypodermic injection into 
a vein of 20-30 111 of a solution of one 
part of strong solution of ammonia to 
two parts of distilled water. 
CANTHARIS VESICATORIA. 
Spanish or Blistering Fly. 
Lytta vittata. Potato Fly. 
* 
Gastro-enteritis; the stomach should 
be emptied; mucilaginous or other 
thick drinks given, oils being 
avoided. Nauseous odor of the 
breath; acrid taste; burning heat in 
the throat, stomach, and abdomen; 
frequent vomitings, often bloody, 
with copious bloody stools; excru- 
ciating pain in the stomach; painful 
and obstinate priapism, with burning 
pain and heat in the bladder, ana 
strangury or retention of urine; 
stupor, frightful convulsions, delir- 
ium, and, m some instances, death. 
Vomiting to be excited by drinking 
sweet oil, sugar and water, milk, or 
linseed tea, very freely. Emollient 
glysters should be administered, and 
if symptoms of inflammation of the 
stomach, kidney, or bladder super- 
vene, they must be subdued by ap- 
propriate treatment. Opium may be 
necessary to relieve pain, and leeches 
applied to the abdomen. 
VENOMOUS INSECTS. 
Tarantula. 
Scorpio. Scorpion. 
Vespa crabro. Hornet. 
Vespa vulgaris. JPdsp. 
Apis melliflca. Bee. 
Culex pipiens. Gnat. 
CEstrus bovis. Gad-fly. 
In general, the sting of these insects 
produces only a slight degree of pain 
and swelling; but occasionally the 
symptoms are more violent, and sick- 
ness and fever are produced by the 
intensity of the pain. 
Hartshorn and oil may be rubbed 
on the affected part, and a piece of 
rag moistened in the same, or in salt 
and water, kept upon it till the pain 
is removed. A few drops of hartshorn 
may be given frequently in a little 
water, and a glass or two of wine may 
be taken. The sting may be removed 
by strong pressure made around it 
with the barrel of a small watch-key. 
SKLTVK OF THE RABID DOG. 
At an uncertain interval after the 
bite, generally, however, between 
the twentieth day and three or four 
months, pain or uneasiness occurs in 
the bitten part, though the wound 
may have been long healed. Anxiety, 
uneasiness, languor, spasms, horror, 
disturbed sleep, difficult respiration 
succeed, and are soon very much in- 
creased; violent convulsions affect 
the whole body, hideously distorting 
the muscles of the face; the eyes are 
red and protruded, the tongue swells 
and often hangs out, and viscid saliva 
flows from the mouth; there is pain 
in the stomach, with bilious vomit- 
ings, a horror of fluids, and impossi- 
bility of drinking them. All these 
symptoms are aggravated till the suf- 
ferer is relieved by death. 
The only treatment of any service 
at all is the inoculation plan, discov- 
by Pasteur. 
"Hydrophobia is more easily pre- 
vented than cured; indeed, it is 
doubted whether it ever has been 
cured. Mercury, arsenic, opium, 
musk, camphor, acids, wine, vege- 
table and mineral alkalies, oil, various 
herbs, and many other remedies 
whose effects are quite opposite, have 
been employed, but none can be re- 
lied on. Large bloodlettings, the 
warm and cold bath, and almost 
every other remedial agent have 
been tried without success. The bit- 
ten part should be completely cut out, 
even if healed, if the symptoms have 
not come on; the part should then be 
immersed in warm water, or washed 
with it as long as it will bleed, and 
after persevering ablution caustic ap- 
plied to every part of the surface, and 
the wound covered with a poultice, to 
heal by granulation. No milder disci- 
pline can ensure safety. There is dan- 
ger that under the delusion that hy- 
drophobia is only a neurosis the 
proper treatment may be neglected. 
POISON 
895 
POISON POISON 
The most energetic poisons are used therapeuti- 
cally, and often with considerable advantage. They 
have, of course, to be administered in extremely small 
doses to avoid the production of true poisoning. 
Poison, a'gue. See Intermittent fever. P., ar'row, 
see Arrow-poison. P., hem'lock, conium. P., Ital'ian, 
liquor arsenicalis. P., mor'bid, virus. P. oak, Rhus 
toxicodendron. P. root, Cicuta maculata. P., saus'- 
age, allantotoxicum. P., vegetable, upas. P. vine, 
Rhus radicans. 
Poisonberry (poi'zn-ber-re) tree. Melia azedarach. 
Poisoning, poi'zn-ing. Venenation. Art of apply- 
ing a poisonous substance to any of the textures in a 
dose capable of occasioning more or less serious symp- 
toms. The term is generally restricted to poisoning 
by design. The term has also been used to denote 
the series of symptoms resembling those produced by 
certain poisons which occasionally follow the use of 
substances that are generally innoxious. Overloading 
the stomach with indigestible food has, for example, 
given occasion to symptoms resembling those pro- 
duced by a narcotic poison, and the effect has been 
termed poisoning. Secret poisoning, at one time prac- 
tised as an art, consisted in administering medicines 
which should act as slow poisons and gradually un- 
dermine the strength and life. Its agency was far 
from being so extensive as was imagined. P., blood, 
see Blood-poisoning. P., crowd, ochlesis. 
Poisonous, poi'zn-us. Toxical, Toxic. Having the 
qualities of a poison. 
Poisons, acronarcotic, poi'zns, ak-ro-nar-kot'ik. P., 
narcotico-acrid. P., corro'sive, P., acrid. P., escha- 
rot'ic, P., acrid. P., ir'ritating, P., acrid. P., pu- 
tres'cent, P., septic; see Poison. 
Poke. Phytolacca decandra. P., In'dian, Vera- 
trum viride. P. root, Phytolacca root. P., stink, 
Dracontium fcetidum. P. weed, Phytolacca decan- 
dra ; Veratrum viride. 
Polanis'ia {polus, many, anisos, unequal, in refer- 
ence to its stamens) feli'na. See Cleome felina. P. 
grave'olens, Clammyweed, Stinkweed, Wormweed, 
Clammy mustard, False mustard; indigenous plant, 
ord. Capparidacese, found in every part of North 
America; anthelmintic. 
Po'lar. Relating to a pole. P. cat'aract, form of 
capsular cataract with a central dead-white opaque 
spot projecting forward from the surface. P. cells, 
term applied to ovum-cells and nerve-cells. P. 
glob'ule or ves'icle, small globular mass separated 
in the maturation of the ovum. P. mi'croscope, in- 
strument consisting of a combination of a microscope 
and polariscope. P. plant (so called from its leaves 
pointing quite uniformly north and south), Silphium 
laciniatum. 
Polarimeter, po-lar-im'et-ur {polaris, polar, metron, 
measure). Polariscope. 
Polariscope, po-lar'i-skope {polar, skopeo, to view). 
Instrument consisting essentially of a polarizer and 
an analyzer, employed for polarizing and analyzing 
light. 
Polarity, po-lar'it-e. The quality of a body having 
poles or possessing in itself opposite properties or 
powers. 
Polarization (po-lar-i-za'shun) of light. Separa- 
tion of a ray of light by reflection from or transmis- 
sion through certain media whose planes of vibration 
are at right angles to each other. 
Polarizer, po'lar-i-zur. That part of a polariscope 
which receives and polarizes light. 
Pole. One of the opposite directions in which a 
polar force manifests itself, as the poles of a magnet, 
the poles of a battery. 
Pole'cat weed. Dracontium fcetidum. 
Polemici (po-lem'is-e) {polemos, war) mor'bi. See 
Wounds, gunshot. 
Polemocacophthalmia, pol-em-o-kak-of-thal'me-ah 
{polemos, war, kakos, evil, ophthalmos, eye). Polem- 
ophthalmia. 
Polemo'nii ra'dix. Root of Valeriana officinalis. 
Polemonium reptans, pol-e-mo'ne-um rep'tans. 
False Jacob's ladder, Greek valerian, Sweatroot; ord. 
896 
FOLIUM 
Polemoniacese; indigenous; has been used as a 
diaphoretic and expectorant. 
Polemophthalmia, pol-em-of-thal'me-ah (polemos, 
war, ophthalmos, eye). Conjunctivitis in an epidemic 
form among soldiers. 
Polenta, po-len'tah (pollen, fine flour). Alphiton. 
Poleoprophylaxis, pol-e-o-prof-il-aks'is (polis, city, 
prophulaxis, prevention). Hygienic precautions in 
cities. 
Poles (polos, pole, axis). Chalazae. P. of the eye, 
summit of cornea and point exactly opposite. P. of 
ret'ina, point of retina seen in direct vision. 
Po'ley mountain of Can'dy. Teucrium Creticum. 
P. m. of Montpellier, Teucrium capitatum. 
Polianthes tuberosa, pol-e-an'thees tu-ber-o'sah 
(polis, town, anthos, flower). Ord. Liliacese. Root is 
cut into slips and laid upon the bites of serpents by 
the Peruvian Indians. 
Poliater, po-le-ah'ter (polis, town, iatros, physician). 
Physician exercising his profession in a town by the 
appointment of the government. 
Police, medical, po-lease', med'i-kal (politeia, admin- 
istration of a state or town). Political medicine. Hy- 
gienic rules established, or which ought to be estab- 
lished, for the prevention of disease and to contribute 
to the progress of medicine. Salubrity of districts, 
especially during the existence of spreading disease, 
is greatly ensured by an efficient medical police. 
Policlinica, pol-e-klin'ik-ah (polis, town, kline, bed). 
Treatment of diseases in a town; city or town clinic 
or hospital. 
Poliencephalitis (pol-e-en-sef-al-e'tis) or Polio-en- 
cephalitis (polios, gray, enkephalos, brain). Inflam- 
mation of gray brain matter; applied to inflamma- 
tion of cortex and of nuclei of cranial nerves. P. 
infe'rior, progressive bulbar paralysis. P. supe'rior, 
ophthalmoplegia progressiva. 
Poliomyelencephalitis, pol-e-o-me-el-en-sef-al-e'tis 
(polios, gray, muelos, marrow, enkephalos, brain). Polio- 
myelitis coexisting with poliencephalitis. 
Poliomyelitis, pol-e-o-me-el-e'tis (polios, gray, 
muelos, marrow). Inflammation of gray matter of 
spinal cord. P. ante'rior, inflammation of cornua 
anteriora of gray matter of spinal cord; infantile 
paralysis in children. P., chron'ic, progressive mus- 
cular atrophy. 
Poliomyelopathy (polios, muelos, marrow, pathos, 
disease). Disease of gray matter of the medulla 
spinalis. 
Polioplasma, pol-e-o-plaz'mah. See Protoplasm. 
Poliosis, pol-e-o'sis (polios, hoary, gray). Absence 
of pigment, accompanied with a deposit in the cells 
of the hair of calcareous matter, ot a corneous trans- 
formation of the fibres of the hair; hair prematurely 
gray or hoary; state of becoming gray. 
Poliotes (pol'e-o-tees) or Poliothrix, pol'e-oh-thriks 
(polios, gray, thrix, hair). Poliosis. 
Poliotrichos, pol-e-ot'rik-os (polios, thrix, hair). 
Gray-haired. See Poliosis. 
Politia (pol-ish'e-ah) med'ica. Police, medical. 
Politobiotherapia, pol-it-o-be-o-ther-ap-e'ah (pol- 
ites, a citizen, bios, life, therapeia, medical treatment). 
Police, medical. 
Polity, pol'it-e (politeia, policy). Medico-hygienic 
regulations of a city or town. 
Politzeration (pol-its-ur-a'shun) or Politzeriza'tion. 
Treatment with Politzer's method. 
Politzer's bag. See Politzer's method. P.'s meth'- 
od, method for rendering the Eustachian tube per- 
vious, used by Professor Politzer of Vienna, which 
consists in blowing air into one nostril from a gutta- 
percha bag, the other nostril and the mouth being 
closed, and the patient exerting an act of deglutition 
at the moment the air is blown in; the middle ear 
being thus inflated. 
Polium (po'le-um) angustifo'lium (polios, gray, 
whitish). Teucrium Creticum. P. capita'tum, Teu- 
crium capitatum. P. cre'ticum, Teucrium creticum. 
P. monta'num, Teucrium capitatum. P. monta'num 
Anglo'rum, Teucrium capitatum. P. monta'num 
Germano'rum, Teucrium montanum. POLL 
Poll. Head. 
Pollakiu'ria (pollalcis, often, our on, urine). Fre- 
quent micturition. 
Pollemphytusis, pol-lem-fit-u'sis (polios, many, em- 
phuteuo, to ingraft). Revaccination in various parts 
of the body. 
Pol'len (fine dust). Fecundating dust contained 
in the anthers of flowers, which is dispersed on the 
stigma. It is conveyed to the ovary through the 
stigma by the pollen tube. 
Poll-evil, pole-e'vil. Deep abscess ending in ulcer- 
ous sore, with numerous sinuses in the forward part 
of the neck, in horses and cattle. 
Pollex, pol'leks (polleo, to have much strength). 
Thumb. First of the fingers in size and strength. It 
is asserted that the term poltroon is derived from 
pollice truncato-the Romans who were desirous of 
being exempted from military service being accus- 
tomed to cut olf the thumb, and thus render them- 
selves unfit to handle arms. See Digitus. P. pe'dis, 
great toe. 
Pollicar (pol'e-kar) ar'tery. Arteria princeps pol- 
licis. 
Pollinctor (pol-link'tor) or Pollinc'ter (pollincio, to 
lay out a corpse). In antiquity, an anointer, dresser, 
or embalmer of the dead. 
Pollinctura, pol-link-tu'rah. Embalming. 
Pol'lls. Pollen. 
Pol'lock. See Oleum morrhuse. 
Pollodic, pol-lod'ik (polios, many, hodos, way). An 
epithet proposed by Dr. Marshall Hall for a course of 
nervous action proceeding from one point and pass- 
ing, in many directions, to every other. 
PoVlom, lit'tle. Polygala paucifolia. 
Pollution, pol-lu'shun (polluo, to profane). Excre- 
tion of the seminal liquor or sperm, or the production 
of orgasm in male or female, at other times than dur- 
ing coition. When occasioned by a voluntary act, it 
is called simply pollution or masturbation; when ex- 
cited during sleep by lascivious dreams, it takes the 
name nocturnal or night pollution. 
Polonica, po-lon'ik-ah. Plica Polonica. 
Polonychia (pol-o-nik'e-ah) or Polyonych'ia (poly, 
onux, nail). Condition of having supernumerary nails 
-rare congenital monstrosity. 
Polt/foot. See Kyllosis. 
Poluria, pol-u're-ah. Polyuria. 
Po'lus. Pole; also the patella. 
Poly, pol'e. Teucrium polium. 
Pol'y (polus, many, much, full). In composition, 
many, much, full. 
Polyactium (pol-e-ak'te-um) tris'te. Pelargonium 
triste. 
Polyadenia, pol-e-ad-en'e-ah (polus, aden, gland). 
Pseudo-leucaemia. 
Polyadenitis, pol-e-ad-en-e'tis. Inflammation of 
several glands. 
Polyadenoma, pol-e-ad-en-o'mah (poly, aden, gland). 
Multiglandular adenoma. Tumor mainly formed by 
the simultaneous hypertrophy of a large number of 
small glands of the same nature in the immediate 
vicinity. 
Polyadenopathy, pol-e-ad-en-op'ath-e (polus, aden, 
pathos, disease). Disease of several glands. 
Polyaematus, pol-e-e'mat-us. Plethoric. 
Polyaemia, pol-e-e'me-ah (poly, haima, blood). 
Plethora. 
Polysemic, pol-e-e'mik. Plethoric. 
Polyaesthesia, pol-e-ees-the'ze-ah (poly, aisthesis, 
sensation). Abnormity of sensation in which one 
point of the compass, placed on the skin, is felt as 
two, three, or more points, as in tabes dorsalis, in 
which stimulation of the skin at a single point pro- 
duces a sensation as if several points were touched. 
Polyalthia (pol-e-al'the-ah) corin'ti. Plant grow- 
ing in the East Indies. Bark is employed as a febri- 
fuge, given in diarrhoea, etc. P. macrophyl'la, plant 
of Java; bark is employed in typhoid and exanthem- 
atous fevers. 
Polyan'dria or Polyandry, pol-e-an'dre. Condition 
of one woman having several husbands. 
897 
POLYDACTYLISM 
Polyanhsemia, pol-e-an-lie'me-ah. Anaemia. 
Polyarthritis (poly, arthritis, inflammation of a 
joint). Inflammation of many joints. P. defor'mans, 
rheumatism, nodular. P., ver'tebral, name given to a 
malady which attacks the intervertebral substance 
without causing caries of the bodies of the vertebrae. 
Polyatomic, pol-e-a-tom'ik. Containing several 
atoms of replaceable hydrogen. 
Polyblennla, pol-e-blen'ne-ah (poly, Henna, mucus). 
Excessive secretion of mucus. 
Polybrachia, pol-e-brak'e-ah (poly, brachion, arm). 
Monstrosity characterized by one or more supernu- 
merary arms. 
Polybrephia, pol-e-bref'e-ah (poly, brephos, foetus, 
child). Pregnancy, compound. 
Polycarpae, pol-e-kar'pe (poly, karpos, fruit). A 
division of cutaneous diseases including psoriasis, 
lichen, herpes, and impetigo. 
Polycarpaea corymbosa, pol-e-kar-pe'ah ko-rim- 
bo'sah. Plant, native of East India and Malabar, 
employed in treatment of hypochondriasis and bites 
of serpents. 
Polycarpon tetraphyllum, pol-e-kar'pon tet-rah- 
fil'lum. All-seed; herb employed in treatment of 
paronychia and cedematous indurated conditions. 
Polycephalus, pol-e-sef'al-us. Genus of Taeniadie 
in the larval condition. P. cerebra'lis, coenurus cere- 
bralis. P. echinococ'cus, echinococcus hominis. P. 
ovi'nus, coenurus cerebralis. 
Polyceras, pol-is'er-as (poly, keras, horn). Monstrous 
animal having many horns. 
Polychezla, pol-e-ke'ze-ah (polus, chezo, to defecate). 
Chronic diarrhoea. 
Polycholia, pol-e-kol'e-ah (poly, chole, bile). Super- 
abundance of bile. 
Polychrestus, pol-e-kres'tus (poly, chrestos, useful). 
Having many virtues, as a medicine. 
Polychroism, pol'ik-ro-izm (poluchroos, many-col- 
ored). Property of some bodies of showing different 
colors when viewed in direction of different axes. 
Polychroite, pol-e-kro'ite. Substance of an orange- 
red color derived from saffron. 
Polychromatic, pol-e-kro-mat'ik. Having many 
colors. 
Polychromic acid, pol-e-kro'mik as'id. Aloetic acid. 
Polychronius, pol-e-kron'e-us (poly, chronos, time). 
Chronic. 
Polychylia, pol-e-kil'e-ah (poly, chulos, juice). Poly- 
chymia. Fulness of juices. 
Polychymia, pol-e-kim'e-ah. Polychylia. P. san- 
guin'ea, plethora. 
Polyclin'ic (poly, kline, bed). A hospital or place 
at which practical clinical teaching is imparted, 
usually to advanced students or graduates. 
Polyclinica, pol-e-clin'ik-ah (poly, kline,'bed.). Pro- 
vided with many beds, as a hospital. 
Polycopria, pol-e-kop're-ah (poly, kopros, excre- 
ment). Excessive defecation. 
Polycoria, pol-e-kor'e-ah (poly, kore, pupil). State 
in which more than one pupil exists. 
Polycrinoses, pol-e-krin-o'sees (poly, krino, to sep- 
arate). See Profluvium. 
Pol'ycrome (many colors). 2Esculin. 
Polycrotic, pol-e-krot'ik (poly, krotos, beat). Said 
of pulse possessing more than two rhythms for each 
impulse of heart. 
Polycruria, pol-e-kru're-ah. Condition of having 
supernumerary inferior extremities. 
Polycyesia, pol-e-se-a'ze-ah (poly, kuesis, pregnancy). 
Frequent or quickly-recurring pregnancies. Also 
compound pregnancy. 
Polycystic, pol-e-sis'tik (poly, cyst). Consisting of 
many cysts or parts, as a polycystic tumor. 
Polycythsemia, pol-e-sith-e'me-ah (poly, kutos, cell, 
haima, blood). Increase of the red corpuscles in the 
blood. 
Polydacrya pol-e-dak're-ah (poly, dakruon, tear). 
Excessive lacrymation. 
Polydactylism, pol-e-dak'til-izm (poly, daktulos, 
finger). Condition of having supernumerary fingers 
or toes. POLYDACTYLUS 
Polydactylus, pol-e-dak'til-us {poly, daktulos, fin- 
ger) . One who has a supernumerary finger or fingers, 
or toes. 
Polydipsia, pol-e-dip'se-ah {poly, dipse, thirst). 
Excessive thirst. Constant desire for drinking, with 
a sense of dryness in the mouth and throat. Mostly 
symptomatic of fever, inflammation, dropsy, exces- 
sive discharges, etc., and is so much a part of diabetes 
that it has been called Polydipsia. 
Polydissolvant, pol-e-dis-sol'vant. See Sulpholeic 
acid. 
Polyethylenic, pol-e-eth-il-en'ik. Containing nu- 
merous molecules of ethylene. 
Polygala, pol-ig'al-ah {poly, gala, milk). P. vul- 
garis, Common milkwort; ord. Polygalacese. Leaves 
are bitter, and are used in the same cases as the 
Polygala amara. P. ama'ra, P. amarella, Bitter milk- 
wort. Powerful bitter and tonic. Its reputed vir- 
tues are balsamic, demulcent, and corroborant. The 
Polygala rubella or Bitter polygala of the United States 
has the same virtues. P. amarel'la, P. amara. P., 
bit'ter, see P. amara. P. grandiflo'ra, P. senega. P. 
paucifo'lia, Dwarf milkwort, Little pollom, Evergreen 
snakeroot, has the same properties as P. senega. P. ru- 
bel'la, see Polygala amara. P. sen'ega, P. Virginiana, 
Seneka, Rattlesnake milkwort, Senega or Rattlesnake root; 
bark is the active part of the root Senega (Ph. U. S.), 
Senegse radix (Ph. Br.); taste is at first acrid, and 
afterward very hot and pungent. Used in pleurisy, 
pneumonia, etc. after the inflammatory action has 
been gotten under. Has been used also in humoral 
asthma, chronic rheumatism, dropsy, croup, amenor- 
rhoea, etc. It contains several principles-polygalin 
or senegin, isolusin, and polygalic acid. P. serpenta'- 
ria, shrub of Caffraria ; the root is considered by the 
natives as a sure antidote against the bites of ven- 
omous serpents. P. venena'ta, flower called kaku- 
lutun in Java; regarded by the natives as highly 
poisonous. P. Virginia'na, P. senega. P. vulga'ris, 
P. amara. 
Polygalactia, pol-e-gal-ak'te-ah {poly, gala, milk). 
Superabundant secretion of milk; galactia; galactor- 
rhoea. 
Polygalic (pol-ig'a-lik) ac'id. See Polygala senega. 
Polygalin, pol-ig'al-in. See Polygala senega. 
Polygamarin, pol-ig-am-ar'in. Bitter, crystallizable 
principle of Polygala amara. 
Polygamous, pol-ig'am-us {poly, gamos, marriage). 
Said of animals mating with several of the opposite 
sex. 
Polygamy, pol-ig'a-me {poly, gamos, marriage). 
Plurality of husbands or wives at the same time; 
usually, the condition of a man having more than 
one wife. 
Polyganglionic, pol-e-gan-gle-on'ik {poly, ganglion, 
knot). Having a number of lymphatic glands. 
Polygastric, pol-e-gas'trik. Possessing numerous 
stomachs. Eelating to the Polygastrica. 
Polygenesis, pol-e-jen'es-is {poly, genesis, origin). 
Fecundity. 
Polygenism (pol-ig'en-izm) or Polyg'eny. View 
according to which the various human races take 
their descent from an independent species. 
Polygnathus, pol-ig-nath'us {poly, gnathus, jaw). 
See Paragnathus. 
Polygonatum, pol-e-gon'at-um {poly, gonu, knee or 
joint). Convallaria polygonatum. P. an'ceps, Con- 
vallaria polygonatum. P. canicula'tum, Convallaria 
canaliculata. P. latifo'lium, Convallaria canaliculata. 
P. multiflo'rum, Convallaria multiflora. P. pubes'- 
cens, Convallaria pubescens. P. uniflo'rum, Conval- 
laria polygonatum. P. vulga're, Convallaria poly- 
gonatum. 
Polygonia, pol-e-gon'e-ah {poly, gennao, to produce). 
Fecundity. 
Polyg'onic ac'id. Acrid insoluble principle found 
in polygonum. 
Polygonius, pol-ig-o'ne-us. Polygonus. 
Polygonum, pol-ig'o-num {poly, gonu, knee or 
joint). P. aviculare, Sanguinaria, Knotgrass, Knot- 
weed, Bindweed, Doorweed. Ord. Polygonaceae. It is 
898 
! POLYMERIA 
said to be a feeble astringent. P. a'cre, P. hydrop- 
iper. P. amphib'ium, Water Persicaria of Europe 
and this country. The roots have been used like 
sarsaparilla, especially in skin diseases. P. bistor'ta, 
Officinal bistort, Great bistort, or Snakeweed. The root 
is a powerful astringent and tonic, and has been used 
in internal hemorrhage, atonic diarrhoea, ague, etc. 
P. centino'dium, P. aviculare. P. coccin'eum, P. 
amphibium. P. divarica'tum, Eastern buckwheat 
plant. The roots, reduced to a coarse meal, are 
said to be much used as an article of diet by the 
Siberians. P. erec'tum, P. aviculare. P. fagop'y- 
rum, Buckwheat. The grain of this plant constitutes 
a principal article of food with the inhabitants of 
Russia, Germany, and Switzerland; it is much used 
in the United States. P. gla'brum, the leaves have 
diuretic and the root purgative properties; the plant 
is also used externally in gout. P. hydrop'iper, 
Poor man's pepper, Biting arsemart, Smartweed, Lake 
weed, Water pepper. The leaves have an acrid, burn 
ing taste, and resemble those of the arum; they are 
antiseptic, aperient, and diuretic. The fresh leaves 
have been applied externally as a stimulating cata 
plasm. P. hydropiperoi'des, P. hydropiper, P, punc- 
tatum. P. hydropiperoi'des of Michaux, mild water 
pepper; indigenous; has no acrid properties. P. per- 
sica'ria, Lady's thumb, Heart' s-ease, is said to possess 
vulnerary and. antiseptic qualities; it has been given 
in wine to arrest gangrene. P. puncta'tum, P. hy- 
dropiperoides, Water pepper of America, Smartweed, 
possesses similar properties to Polygonum hydropiper, 
and is occasionally used internally in gravel and in 
amenorrhoea; externally in chronic ulcers. See Poly- 
gonum hydropiper. P. Virginia'num, JPandspifced per- 
sicaria, Virginia bistort; indigenous; astringent, diu- 
retic, and tonic. 
Polygonus (pol-ig-o'nus) or Polygo'nius {poly, 
gonia, angle). Polygonal; multangular. 
Polygraph, pol'e-graf {poly, grapho, to write). 
Myograph. 
Polygroma, pol-e-gro'mah {poly, hygroma). Staph- 
yloma. 
Polygyny, pol-ij'en-e {poly, gune, woman). Condi- 
tion in which a man has more than one wife. 
Polygyria, pol-e-jir'e-ah {poly, gyrus, convolution). 
Condition in which the brain possesses more numer- 
ous and intricate convolutions than common. 
Polyhsemia, pol-e-he'me-ah. Polyremia. 
Polyhe'dron {poly, hedra, base). Polyscope or mul- 
tiplying glass. 
Polyhidria, pol-e-hid're-ah {poly, hidros, sweat). 
Excessive sweating. 
Polyhydramnios, pol-e-hid-ram'ne-os {poly, hudor, 
water, amnion). Diseased condition of amnion, cha- 
racterized by excessive production of liquor amnii. 
Polyhydrate, pol-e-hi'drate. Hydrate in which 
several molecules of hydroxyl are contained. 
Polyhy'dria {poly, hudor, water). Dropsy. 
Polyhyperhaemia, pol-e-hip-er-he'me-ah. Plethora. 
Polyid'ria or Polyidro'sis. Excessive sweating. 
Polyleucocythsemia, pol-e-lu-ko-sith-e'me-ah. Leu- 
cocythsemia. 
Polylymphia, pol-e-limf'e-ah. Anasarca. 
Polymasthus, pol-e-mas'thus {poly, masthos, breast). 
Monster having several breasts. The condition has 
been called Polymazia, Pleiomazia, and Pleomazia. 
Polymas'tia {poly, mastos, breast). Condition of a 
polymasthus. 
Polymelia, pol-e-mel'e-ah. State of possessing 
supernumerary members. 
Polymelian, pol-e-me'le-an {poly, melos, limb). 
Epithet given to monsters characterized by the inser- 
tion, in a well-formed subject, of one or more acces- 
sory limbs, accompanied at times by the rudiments 
of certain other parts. 
Polym'elus (same etymon). Polymelian. 
Polymenia (pol-e-men'e-ah) or Polymenorrhoea, 
pol-e-men-or-rhe'ah {poly, men, month, rheo, to flow). 
Excessive flow of menses. 
Polymer'ia. Polymerism. P. promis'cua trans- 
lati'va, transposition of the viscera. POLYMERIC 
Polymeric, pol-im'er-ik. Appertaining to polym- 
erism. 
Polymerism, pol-im'er-izm {poly, meros, part). 
Condition of being made up of numerous component 
parts. Monstrosity consisting in the existence of 
supernumerary organs, as a sixth finger of the hand. 
Polymerization, pol-im-er-iz-a'zhun {poly, merizo, 
to divide). Process of making modifications which 
are isomeric. 
Polymetameric, pol-e-met-am'er-ik. Appertaining 
to several metameres; where a muscle receives its 
nerve-supply from different spinal nerves. 
Polymicrotome, pol-e-mik'ro-tome {poly, mikros, 
small, tome, a cut). Instrument used to obtain quickly 
numerous sections for microscopical examination. 
Polymitus, pol-im'it-us {poly, mitos, thread). Or- 
ganism of a round shape, provided with filaments, 
occurring in blood of individual affected with inter- 
mittent fever. 
Polymnia, pol-im'ne-ah. Uvedalia. Bear's-foot; 
root of this plant is reputed to aid secretion. 
Polymorphic, pol-e-mor'fik. Having different 
structure and appearance. 
Polymorphism, pol-e-mor'fizm {poly, morphe, form). 
Power of certain fungi and other organisms to assume 
various shapes. 
Polymorphous, pol-e-mor'fus. Polymorphic. 
Polymyositis, pol-e-me-o-se'tis (polus, mus, mus- 
cle). Inflammation of several muscles. P. acu'ta 
progressi'va, acute inflammation of muscles, which 
generally terminates fatally in a short time. 
Polyneural (pol-e-nu'ral) mus'cles. Muscles which 
are innervated by more than one nerve. 
Polyneuritis, pol-e-nu-re'tis {poly, neuron, nerve). 
Multiple neuritis. 
Polyneuron, pol-e-nu'ron. Plantago. 
Polynu'cleate. Having several nuclei. 
Polyodontia, pol-e-od-on'she-ah {poly, odous, tooth). 
Condition in which supernumerary teeth exist. 
Polyonych'ia. Polonychia. 
Polyophthalmia, pol-e-of-thal'me-ah {poly, ophthal- 
mos, eye). Monstrosity having more than two eyes. 
Polyo'pia. Polyopsia. 
Polyopsia, pol-ee-op'se-ah {poly, opsis, sight). Poly- 
opsy, Polyopia, Polyopy. Vision is so called when 
multiple or manifold. 
Polyorchis, pol-e-or'kis {poly, orchis, testicle). One 
who has more than two testicles. 
Polyorexia, pol-e-o-reks'e-ah {poly, orexis, appetite). 
Excessive appetite or hunger. 
Polyorrhymenitis, pol-e-or-rhim-en-e'tis {poly, hit- 
men, membrane). Inflammation involving serous 
membranes, progressive and malignant in character. 
Polyosteon (pol-e-os'te-on) or Polyos'teum {poly, 
osteon, bone). Tarsus and metatarsus taken as a whole. 
Polyotia, pol-e-o'she-ah {poly, ous, ear). Condition 
in which two or more ears exist laterally. 
Polyp, pol'ip. See Polypus. 
Polypsedia, pol-ip-e'de-ah {poly, paidion, small 
child). See Superffetation. 
Polypanarthritis, pol-e-pan-ar-thre'tis {poly, pan, 
all, arthron, joint). Arthritis deformans. 
Polypapilloma, pol-e-pap-il-lo'mah {poly, papilla, 
nipple). Affection of skin characterized by presence 
of multiple papillomata. P. trop'icum, frambcesia. 
Polyparesis, pol-e-par'es-is (poly, paresis, relaxa- 
tion). Paralytic dementia. 
Polypathia, pol-e-path-e'ah. A multiplicity of dis- 
eases. 
Polypathic, pol-e-path'ik (poly, pathos, disease). 
Appertaining to several diseases in one person, or dis- 
ease affecting several parts. 
Polyperdemia, pol-ip-ur-dem'e-ah (poly, huper, 
haima, blood). Condition in which universal plethora 
exists. 
Polyperia, pol-e-per'e-ah (poly, peros, mutilated). 
Congenital misconstruction of various parts of or- 
gans. 
Polyphagia, pol-e-faj'e-ah (poly, phago, to eat). Vo- 
racity ; faculty of eating or subsisting on many kinds 
of food. See Boidimia. 
899 
POLYPOTOME 
Polyphagous, pol-if'a-gus. Relating or appertain- 
ing to polyphagia. 
Polypharmacia, pol-e-far-mah-se'ah {poly, phar- 
makon, medicine). Prescribing of too many medi- 
cines. Prescription consisting of a number of medi- 
cines; hence the name Polypharmacus given to one 
who is in the habit of prescribing a number of medi- 
cines, and whose prescriptions are loaded with in- 
gredients. 
Polypharmacon, pol-e-far'mak-on {poly, pharma- 
icon, drug). Remedy containing numerous ingre- 
dients ; also a panacea. 
Polypharmacy, pol-e-far'mas-e. Polypharmacia. 
Polyphobia, pol-e-fo'be-ah {poly, phobos, fear). 
Morbid fear of numerous things. 
Polyphrasia, pol-e-fraz'e-ah {poly, phrasis, speech). 
Rambling speech. 
Polyphypodesmeus, pol-if-ip-o-dez'me-us (polypus, 
hupo, below, desmos, band). Instrument employed in 
ligation of a polyp. 
Polyphysia, pol-e-fis'e-ah {poly, phusa, wind). Flat- 
ulence. 
Polypiarius, pol-ip-e-ar'e-us. Polypoid. 
Polypif'erous {poly, ferro, to carry). Carrying or 
producing polypus. 
Polypiform (pol'ip-e-form) concre'tions {polypus, 
forma, form). See Polypus. 
Polypionia, pol-e-pe-on'e-ah {poly, pion, fat). See 
Polysarcia. P. infan'tum, see Polysarcia. 
Polypiosis, pol-ip-e-o'sis {poly, pion, fat). See Poly- 
sarcia. 
Polyplast {poly, plasso, to form). Made up of nu- 
merous cells. 
Polyplastic, pol-e-plas'tik {poly, plasso, to form). 
That which has many shapes. P. el'ement, in his- 
tology, is one which does not retain its primary shape, 
but undergoes transformation into others. 
Polypodia, pol-e-pod'e-ah {poly, pous, foot). Mon- 
strosity having more than two feet. 
Polypodites, pol-e-po-de'tees. Wine impregnated 
with polypodium. 
Polypodium, pol-e-po'de-um {poly, pous, foot, owing 
to its many roots). P. vulgare, Common polypody, Fern 
root, Rock brake or bracken, Brake or Bracken root. Ord. 
Filices. Grows in the clefts of rocks, walls, etc. in 
both hemispheres. P. adiantifor'me, see Calagualse 
radix. P. ammifo'lium, see Calagualse radix. P. ar- 
gente'um, see Calagualse radix! P. calagua'la, Cala- 
gualse radix. P. cetarae'cinum, P. incanum. P. 
coria'ceum, see Calagualse radix. P. denta'tum, As- 
plenium filix fcemina. P. fi'lix foe'mina, Asplenium 
filix fcemina. P. fi'lix mas, Aspidium, Male polypody 
or fern; rhizome of this plant {Filix mas, Ph. U. 
S.; Filix, Ph. B.) has been much extolled as an an- 
thelmintic and in cases of tenia, and has, by many, 
been placed above all teniafuges. Therapeutic prop- 
erties reside in the oleoresin {Oleoresina filicis). Dose, 
HLxxx~3j- Patient should diet for one day, and next 
morning take f^ss-f^j, repeated in two hours. Ex- 
tr actum filicis liquidum is officinal in the Ph. B. Dose, 
TTLxxx to P- inca'num, Polypody, Rock brake or 
bracken; indigenous; has been considered demulcent, 
cathartic, and anthelmintic. P. inci'sum, Asplenium 
filix fcemina. P. mol'le, Asplenium filix fcemina. P. 
pennatif'idum, P. vulgare. P. po'litum, see Calagualse 
radix. P. trif'idum, Asplenium filix fcemina. P. Vir- 
ginia'num, polypodium. P. vulga're, polypodium. 
Pol'ypody. Polypodium, P. incanum. P., com'- 
mon, polypodium. P., male, Polypodium filix mas. 
Polypoid (pol'ip-oid) or Polypoi'des {polypus, eidos, 
resemblance). Having the shape of, or resembling, a 
polypus. 
Polyporus igniarius, pol-ip'o-rus ig-ne-ar'e-us {poly, 
poros,porC). Boletus igniarius. P. officina'lis, Bole- 
tus laricis. 
Polyposia, pol-e-po'ze-ah {poly,posis, drink). Great 
thirst; desire for drink. Polydipsia. 
Polyposis ventriculi, pol-ip-o'sis ven-trik'u-le. 
Condition of the stomach characterized by polypous 
projections of the mucous membrane. 
Polypotome (pol'ip-o-tome) or Polyptome pol'ip- POLYPOUS 
tome {polypus, tome, incision). Polypus knife. Instru- 
ment for the removal of polypus by excision. 
Polypous, pol'ip-us. Relating or belonging to, or 
resembling, polypus. 
Pol'yptome. Polypotome. 
Polyptrite, pol'ip-trite {polypus, tribo, to crush). 
Instrument used for crushing polypi. 
Polypus, pol'ip-us {poly, pous, foot). Name given 
to tumors which occur in mucous membranes es- 
pecially, and which have been compared to certain 
zoophytes. Polypi may form on every mucous mem- 
brane, but are most commonly observed in the nasal 
fossae {rhinopolypi), pharynx, and uterus; more rarely 
in the stomach, intestines, bronchial tubes, bladder, 
vagina, and meatus auditorius externus. They vary 
much in size, number, mode of adhesion, and intimate 
nature. Accordingly, they have received various ap- 
pellations : myxoma (soft mucous polyp), mucous, 
soft, vesicular. Others have been called hard fibroma 
(hard fibrous polyp), and these have been distin- 
guished into fibrous or fleshy and scirrhous or cancer- 
ous. Fibrous polypi are of a dense, compact texture and 
whitish color. They contain few vessels, and do not 
degenerate into cancer. The scirrhous or carcinomatous 
are true cancerous tumors, painful and bleeding. 
They present all the pathological changes which be- 
long to cancerous affections, and the prognosis is of 
course unfavorable. 
The mode of treating polypi must differ according 
to their character. The means used to destroy them 
have been-1. To subject them to the action of certain 
astringent powders or solutions to obtain their resolu- 
tion ; 2. Cauterization, or the application of the ac- 
tual cautery or caustics; 3. Excision, or ablation 
with a cutting instrument; 4. Extirpation with the 
fingers or with the polypus forceps; 5. A ligature put 
around them so as to prevent their nutrition; a seton 
has also been sometimes used to gradually destroy the 
pedicle; 6. Evulsion by means of the galvano-cau- 
tery snare or the cold-iron snare. 
The term polypi-Pseudopolypi, Carditis polyposa, 
Polypiform concretions-has likewise been applied to 
collections of blood-fibrinous concretions-found in 
the heart-Heart clots, Coagula cordis fibrinosa-or 
great vessels after dissolution. The presence of these 
concretions during life may be suspected when in the 
course of an acute or chronic affection of the heart 
or at the close of chronic diseases in general-espe- 
cially those of the lungs-the heart's action becomes 
suddenly tumultuous, obscure, and accompanied with 
a soft bellows murmur, while the general symptoms 
indicate the effects of obstructed circulation. The 
right cavities are most frequently affected. See 
Thrombus and Embolia. 
Pol'ypus, a'nal. Polypi of the rectum are usually 
fibrous, but are sometimes cancerous. P. bron- 
chia'lis, Plastic bronchitis, Bronchial croup, Chronic 
croup, Pseudo-membranous bronchitis; a membrani- 
form secretion in the bronchial tubes of a diphthe- 
ritic character, having the shape, when expectorated, 
of the bronchia; the result of inflammation of the 
lining membrane of those tubes. P. carno'sus, sar- 
coma. P. fibro'sus, see Polypus. P. for'ceps, forceps 
for grasping and removing polypi. P., na'sal, polypi 
of the nasal passages are either mucous or fibrous, the 
former being more common. The mucous polypi are 
soft and almost jelly-like, but composed of fibrous 
tissue like the embryonic form. The fibrous form, 
growing from the periosteum, is firmer and still more 
vascular and more hemorrhagic than the mucous; it 
is probably a variety of fibro-sarcoma. P. u'terl, 
polypus of the uterus. 
Polyrrhizon, pol-ir-rhe'zon {poly, rhiza, root). Poly- 
podium filix mas. 
Polyrrhoea, pol-ir-rhe'ah {poly, rheo, to flow). Pro- 
fluvium. 
Polysalicylic (pol-e-sal-e-sil'ik) acids. Anhydrous 
salicylic compounds obtained by treating phosphoric 
oxychloride with sodium salicylate. 
Polysarcia, pol-e-sar'ke-ah {poly, sarx, flesh). 
Polysarcosis, Carnositas. Excessive corpulency. Au- 
900 
' POMACEUM 
thors have distinguished two varieties: Polysarcia car- 
nosa or Corpulency, and P. adiposa, Pinguitude or 
Obesity. Severe regimen and exercise are the best pre- 
ventives. Children are occasionally met with of 
unusual fatness, in spite of every care. This morbid 
disposition has been termed Polypionia infantum and 
Chlorosis gigantea. See Bantingism. P. cor'dis, fatty 
heart. P. vis'cerum, physconia adiposa. 
Polysarcous, pol-e-sar'kus {poly, sarx, flesh). Per- 
taining to polysarcia; obese. 
Polyscellia, pol-e-sel'le-ah {poly, skelos, leg. Mon- 
strosity characterized by the presence of one or more 
supernumerary legs. 
Polyschidia, pol-is-kid'e-ah {poly, schidion, splint- 
er). Exaggerated tendency to subdivide and classify. 
Polyscope, pol'e-skope {poly, skopeo, to see). Appa- 
ratus devised by Trouve, combining all the instru- 
ments necessary for exploration, by light, of the 
larynx, the ear, eye, urethra, etc. Electric light is 
also employed in this apparatus for illuminating 
body-cavities. 
Polysialia, pol-e-se-al'e-ah {poly, sialon, saliva). 
Excessive discharge of saliva. 
Polyskelus, pol-is'kel-us {poly, skelos, leg). Mon- 
ster with supernumerary limbs. 
Polysomatia, pol-e-so-mash'e-ah {poly, soma, body). 
Polysarcia. 
Polysomia, pol-e-so'me-ah {poly, soma, body). Mon- 
strosity characterized by the existence of more bodies 
than one. 
Polyspaston, pol-e-spas'ton {poly, spao, to draw). 
Powerful instrument for reducing luxations. 
Polyspermia, pol-e-spur'me-ah {poly, sperma, 
sperm). Richness or fulness of sperm or seed. 
Poly sthenic, pol-e-sthen'ik {poly, sthenos, strength). 
Having much strength. 
Polystichia, pol-e-stik'e-ah {poly, stichos, row). 
Condition in which two or more rows of eyelashes 
are present. 
Polysticum callipteris, pol-is'tik-um kal-lip'ter-is. 
Polypodium filix mas. P. fl'lix mas, Polypodium 
filix mas. 
Polystoma pinguicola, pol-is'to-mah pin-gwik'o-lah 
{poly, stoma, mouth). See Parasites. P. sanguic'ola, 
see Parasites. P. vena'rum, see Parasites. 
Polysulphide (pol-e-sul'fid) or Polysul'phuret. Ele- 
ment combined with numerous atoms of sulphur. 
Polysymmetria, pol-e-sim-met're-ah {poly, sum- 
met ria, symmetry). Symmetry of the two sides of 
the body at many points. 
Polythelia (pol-e-the'le-ah) or Polythe'lism {poly, 
thele, nipple). State in which supernumerary nipples 
exist. 
Polytocia, pol-e-to'se-ah {poly, tokos, child). Fe- 
cundity. 
Polytocous, pol-it'o-kus {poly, tikto, to bring forth). 
Multiparous. 
Polytrich'ia or Polytricho'sis. See Polytrichus. 
Polytrichum, pol-it'rik-um {poly, thrix, hair). P. 
vulgare, Polytrichon, Adiantum aureum, Golden maiden- 
hair; ord. Musci; astringent in lung diseases. P. 
commu'ne, Asplenium trichomanoides. P. juniperl'- 
num, Hair cap moss, Robin's rye; common in New 
England; said to be a powerful diuretic. 
Polytrichus, pol-it'rik-us {poly, many, thrix, hair). 
Very hairy; the condition is termed Polytrichia, 
although this term is at times employed for the 
growth of hair on parts not usually having it. 
Polytroph'ia. Polytrophy. 
Polytrophy, pol-it'ro-fe {poly, trophe, nourishment). 
Abundant or excessive nutrition. 
Polyure'sia, Polyuresis (pol-e-u-re'sis) {poly, oure- 
sis, urination), or Polyuria, pol-e-u're-ah {poly, ouron, 
urine). Diabetes. Excessive secretion of urine. 
Polyuricus, pol-e-u'rik-us. Relating to excess of 
urinary secretion. Ischuria polyurica is ischuria caused 
by accumulation of urine in the bladder. 
Poma, po'mah. Drink. P. Chinen'sia, see Citrus 
aurantium. 
Pomaceous, po-ma'shus. Relating to apples. 
Pomaceum, pom-ah'se-um {pomum, apple). Cider. POMADE 
Pomade, pom'ade. Ointment. 
Pomatum, pom-ah'tum (poma, apples). Pommatum. 
Pharmaceutical preparation, employed only exter- 
nally ; is usually scented and colored. Pommade is 
often used synonymously with ointment. Common 
pomatum is made of lard, 121bs.; suet, 41bs.; essence 
of lemon, §viij. P. epispas'ticum fla'vum, unguen- 
tum lyttee medicatum aliud. P. epispas'ticum vir'- 
ide, unguentum lyttie medicatum. P. ad la'bia 
demulcen'da, cerate for the lips. P. for the lips, 
cerate for the lips. P. ni'tricum or oxygena'tum, 
unguentum acidi nitrosi. P. satur'ni, unguentum 
plumbi superacetatis. 
Pombalea ipecacuanha, pom-bah'le-ah ip-e-kak-u- 
an'hah. See Ipecacuanha. 
Pomegranate, pom'gran-et. Punica granatum. 
Pom'melfoot (knobfoot). Kyllosis. P. joint, con- 
dyloid joint. 
Pompholyg'mus. Eruption of bullae. 
Pompholygodermatitis, pom-fo-lig-o-dur-mat-e'tis 
(pompholux, derma, skin). Pemphigus. 
Pompholygodes, pom-fo-lig-o'dees (pompholux, eidos, 
resemblance). Bullous; suffering from or resembling 
pemphigus or pompholyx. 
Pompholyx, pom'fo-liks (pomphos, blister). Small 
vesicle on the skin. Eruption of bullae or blebs, ap- 
pearing without any inflammation around them, and 
without fever. Eruption of deep-seated vesicles on 
the palms is called chiropompholyx, and on the soles 
of the feet and elsewhere, dysidrosis; a species of 
pemphigus. See Pemphigus. P. tu'tia, zinci oxidum. 
Pomphus, pom'fus (pomphos). Vesicula; wheal. 
Pompion, pom'pe-on. Cucurbita pepo. 
Pomum, po'mum. See Pyrus malus. P. Ada'mi, 
projection formed by the thyroid cartilage in the 
neck-of males particularly. Is so called from a 
notion that it was caused by the apple sticking in the 
throat of our first parent. P. amo'ris, apple of love; 
testicle. P. Hierosolymita'num, Momordica balsamina. 
P. melon'gena, see Solanum melongena. P. mira'bile, 
Momordica balsamina. P. spino'sum, Datura stra- 
monium. 
Pond-dog'wood. Cephalanthus occidentalis. 
Pondera et mensurae, pon'der-ah et men'su-re. 
Weights and measures (which see). 
Pondshov'el. Unisema deltifolia. 
Pondus pharmaceuticum, pon'dus far-mah-su'tik- 
um (pharmaceutical weight). See Weights and 
Measures. 
Ponga'mia gla'bra. Tree, native of India, China, 
Australia, and Fiji Islands. Seeds yield poonga or 
Kurung oil, employed in parasitic cutaneous affec- 
tions. 
Po'nos. Endemic disease of the Greek islands 
Hydra and Spezzia. 
Pons (bridge). Name given in anatomy to a part 
which connects others-by a bridge, as it were. P. 
cerebel'li, pons Varolii. P. hep'atis, see Lobulus 
anonymus. P. Syl'vii, quadrigemina tubercula. P. 
Tari'ni, Tarini pons. P. Varo'lii, Varoli's bridge, 
Cerebral protuberance, Annular protuberance, Mesocepha- 
lon. An eminence at the upper part of the medulla 
oblongata, first described by Varoli, and formed by 
the union of the crura cerebri and crura cerebelli. 
P. zygomat'icus, zygomatic arch. 
Pontederia cordata, pon-te-der'e-ah kor-dat'ah. 
Unisema deltifolia. 
Pontibrachium, pon-te-brak'e-um. Middle pedun- 
cle of cerebellum. 
Ponticulus hepaticus, pon-tik'u-lus hep-at'ik-us 
(dim. of Pons, hepar, liver). Arch of tissue, embra- 
cing blood-vessels, which reaches from lobus Spigelii 
to right lobe of liver. 
Ponticum absinthium, pon'tik-um ab-sin'the-um. 
Artemisia pontica. 
Pook. Abdomen. 
Pool'root. Eupatorium ageratoides. 
Pool'wort. Eupatorium aromaticum. 
Poon'ga oil. See Pongamia glabra. 
Poop. Term used in England for rupture of muscle 
resulting from tennis- or ball-playing. 
901 
POPULUS 
Poor man's plas'ter. Plaster composed of resin, 
tar, and yellow wax. 
Pop'lar, Amer'ican. Populus. Liriodendron. P., 
Balm of Gil'ead, Populus candicans. P., black, 
populus. P. tree, liriodendron. P., tu'lip-bear'ing, 
liriodendron. 
Poples, pop'lees. Ham, Hough, Huff, Hock. The 
posterior part of the knee-joint, forming the popliteal 
region or space. 
Poplesy, pop'le-se. Apoplexy. 
Poplitaeus, pop-lit-e'us (poples). Popliteal muscle. 
P. accesso'rius or hi'ceps or ger'minus, popliteus 
minor. P. mi'nor or supe'rior, plantaris minor. 
Poplitead, pop-lit-e'ad. See Popliteal aspect. 
Popliteal (pop-lit-e'al) or Poplit'ic (poples). That 
which relates to the ham; name given to various 
parts. P. ar'tery, Popliteal portion of the crural, is 
really a continuation of the femoral, which changes 
its name on passing through the abductor magnus 
muscle. It descends a little obliquely outward into 
the hollow of the ham, and extends from the com- 
mencement of the lower third of the thigh to the 
end of the upper quarter of the leg, where it ter- 
minates by dividing into the posterior tibial and 
peroneal arteries. In the ham it gives off the three 
superior articular arteries, and at the top of the leg 
the arteries of the gemelli or gemini muscles, gemini 
branches, the two inferior articular arteries, and the 
tibialis antica. P. as'pect, aspect toward the poples 
or ham (Barclay). Poplitead is used by the same 
writer adverbially, and signifies " toward the popli- 
teal aspect." P. bur'sa, bursa poplitea. P. fos'sa, 
poples. P. glands, lymphatic glands, four in num- 
ber, seated in the popliteal region or space. P. line, 
linea poplitea; intercondyloid line. P. mus'cle is 
seated in the popliteal region. It is triangular, long, 
flat, and inserted on the one hand by means of a 
strong tendon into the tuberosity at the outer condyle 
of the femur, terminating below at the upper part of 
the posterior surface of the tibia. It bends the leg on 
the thigh, and, reciprocally, the thigh on the leg. 
When the leg is bent, it causes it to turn in rotation 
inward. P. nerves result from the bifurcation of the 
sciatic, and are two in number, viz.: 1, the external 
popliteal, peroneal nerve, is smaller than the internal, 
turns to the outside of the fibula at the upper part of 
the leg, and divides into the musculocutaneous branch 
and the anterior tibial; 2, the internal popliteal nerve 
is larger than the other, and seems to be the real con- 
tinuation of the sciatic nerve. It descends vertically 
into the hollow of the ham, and passes beneath the 
aponeurotic arch of the Solaris muscle, beyond which 
it takes the name tibial nerve. It furnishes the ex- 
ternal saphena nerve and a number of branches that 
are distributed to the posterior muscles of the leg; 
it then passes to the sole of the foot, to be divided 
into two branches called plantar nerves. P. notch, 
posterior intercondyloid fossa. P. plex'us, plexus 
popliteus, formed by fine branches from external and 
internal popliteal nerves around the popliteal artery. 
P. re'gion, poples. P. space, poples. P. vein has 
the same arrangement as the artery behind which it 
is situate. 
Poplitic, pop-lit'ik. Popliteal. 
Poponax, pop'o-naks. See Pastinaca opoponax. 
Poppy, pop'pe. See Papaver. P. ceVandine, Stylo- 
phorum diphyllum. P. corn, red, Papaver rhceas. 
P. heads, see Papaver. P. horn, Stylophorum diphyl- 
lum. P. juice, meconium. P. pill, opium. P., prick'ly, 
Argemone Mexicana. P., spat'ling, Cucubalus behen. 
P., thorn, Argemone Mexicana. P., white, papaver. 
P., white, cap'sule, see Papaver. 
Pop'ulin. A bitter principle, resembling quinine 
or cinchonine, contained in Populus tremuloides. 
Populus, pop'u-lus. P. nigra, Black poplar. The 
leaf-buds are officinal. Poplar wood is used in the 
manufacture of paper. The bark of Populus tremu- 
lo'ides, American aspen, of P. tremula, European aspen, 
and of Populus candicans, Balm of Gilead poplar, is 
antiperiodic and furnishes salicylin and populin. P. 
balsamif'era, see Fagara octandra. P. can'dicans, PORCELIA TRILOBA 
see Populus. P. pe'nula, P. tremula. P. tacama- 
ha'ca, see Fagara octandra. P. trem'ula, see Populus. 
P. tremuloi'des, see Populus. 
Porcelia triloba, por-sel'e-ah tril'o-bah. See Carica 
payaya. 
Porcel'lus or Porculus, pork'u-lus. Oniseus. Dis- 
ease in which the skin becomes scaly and thickened. 
Porcupine (pork'u-pine) disease. Ichthyosis; hys- 
triciasis. P. men, persons in whom the cuticle is pro- 
duced in the form of pointed prolongations, as if 
moulded on the papillae, like the shorter and blunter 
quills of the porcupine. 
Porcus, por'kus (porfcos, a net). Vulva. 
Porde, por'de. Crepitation. 
Pore, (poros, passage). Interstice. Pores are the 
excessively minute spaces or interstices which sep- 
arate the integrant molecules of bodies and render 
those bodies permeable. Pores have also been called 
spiracula. Sweat-pores are conically-dilated orifices 
of the ducts of the sweat-glands, visible to the naked 
eye in some portions of the body. A body possessing 
pores is said to be porous. 
Pore'blind. Myopic. 
Pored milk. Colostrum. 
Porencephalia (po-ren-sef-al'e-ah) or Porenceph'- 
aly (poros, pore, enkephalos, brain). Depression in the 
cerebral hemisphere which may form connections with 
the ventricle. It is generally congenital; may be 
also due to inflammation, embolus, or hemorrhage. 
This term denotes also congenital absence of part of 
the cerebrum. 
Porencephalous, po-ren-sef'al-us. Relating to po- 
rencephalia. 
Pori (po'reh) (pl. of Porus, passage) bilia'rii. 
Ducts which receive the bile from the penicilli of the 
liver and convey it to the hepatic duct. P. cuta'nei, 
pores of the skin. P. exhalan'tes, P. cutanei. P. 
pulmo'num, bronchic cellules. P. resorben'tes, P. 
cutanei. 
Porne'um (porneion, house of prostitution). Brothel. 
Pornia, por-ne'ah (porneia). Prostitution. 
Pornography, por-nog'raf-e (porneia, prostitution, 
grapho, to describe). Description of prostitutes or of 
prostitution as a matter of public hygiene. 
Porocele, po-ro-se'le (Eng. por'o-seel) (poros, callus, 
kele, tumor). Hard tumor of the testicles or its en- 
velopes. 
Poroma, por-o'mah. Induration. 
Poromphalon (por-om'fa-lon), Porom'phalus, or 
Porom'phalocele (poros, callus, omphalos, navel). 
Umbilical hernia with hard and thickened parietes. 
Po'ros. Canal, meatus; callosity. 
Porosis, po-ro'sis (poroo, to harden). Chalaza ; in- 
duration. 
Poros'ity. State of being porous or containing 
pores. 
Porosus, po-ro'sus (poros, pore). Porous. 
Porotic, po-rot'ik (poros, callus). Remedy capable 
of assisting the formation of callus. 
Porotomy, po-rot'o-me (poros, tome, incision). Ope- 
ration of enlarging the meatus of the urethra by in- 
cision. 
Po'rous plas'ter. Spread plaster, with small holes 
to prevent wrinkling. 
Porphyra, por'fir-ah (porphura, purple). Purple. 
P. Grseco'rum, petechi®. P. haemorrhag'ica, pur- 
pura hemorrhagica. P. lacinia'ta, ulva umbilicalis. 
P. umbilicaTis, ulva umbilicalis. 
Porphyrisma, por-fir-iz'mah (porphura, purple). 
Scarlatina. 
Porphyrismus, por-fir-iz'mus. Scarlatina. 
Porphyrization, por-fir-iz-a'shun. See Levigation. 
Porphyrotyphus, por-fir-o-ti'fus. See Typhus. 
Porphyroxin, por-fir-oks'in. Alkaloidal substance 
found in the rhizome of Sanguinaria Canadensis. 
Neutral crystallizable substance obtained from aque- 
ous solution of opium by precipitation and the action 
of ether and dilute sulphuric acid. 
Porphyruria (por-fir-u're-ah) or Porphyu'ria (por- 
phura, purple, ouron, urine). State of the urine-pur- 
puric urine-in which it deposits coloring matter- 
902 
! PORRIGO 
purpurin, urrosacin or urosacin, rosacic acid, uroery- 
thrin, urorhodiu, urrhodin-in association with urate 
of ammonium. It is considered a modification of 
urohsematin, Heemaphsein. 
Porphyry, por'fir-e (porphura, purple). Porphyrites. 
Species of very hard, compound rock, susceptible of 
considerable polish, and used in the fabrication of 
mortars and slabs for the apothecary. P., black, 
ophites. 
Porpoise (por'pus) oil. Oleum delphini; made 
from the porpoise. 
Porraceous, por-ra'she-us (porrum, leek). Having 
the green color of the leek. Epithet given to certain 
excreted matters-the sputa, bile, and faeces particu- 
larly. 
Porrectum, por-rek'tum (porrigo, to stretch). Lever. 
Por'ret. Allium porrum. 
Por'ret's phenom'enon of mus'cle. Swelling of 
muscular fibres occurring at the negative pole when a 
galvanic current is conducted through living muscle. 
Porridge, por'ij. A mixture of meal or flour and 
water boiled. P., ath'ol, a mixture of whiskey and 
honey used in the highlands of Scotland; see Ma- 
hogany. 
Porriginous, por-rij'in-us. Appertaining to porrigo. 
Porrigo, por-re'go (porrigo, to spread, porrum, leek, 
from the odor of the discharge). Tinea, T. capitis, 
Favus, Scalled head in general, Scallard. Some of the 
varieties are communicable; often used like tinea 
for scalled head in general, and by some writers 
for disease of the hairy scalp, principally character- 
ized by an eruption of the pustules, called favi and 
achores, unaccompanied by fever. Mr. Erasmus Wil- 
son, who, with others, considers tinea to be owing to 
a vegetable parasite, suggested the name Phytosis for 
it. See Phytosis. P. confer'ta, P. scutulata. P. de- 
cal'vans, Alopecia areata, limited or partial bald- 
ness, consists of patches of baldness without decay or 
change of color in the surrounding hair, the exposed 
parts of the scalp being glabrous, white, and shining. 
The morbid condition sometimes spreads, so that the 
patches coalesce, rendering the baldness extensive. 
To a vegetable growth, forming a tube around the 
roots of the hair in tinea tondens, the name Micro- 
sporon (or Microsporum) Audouini was given; also called 
Trichophyton or Trichomyces decalvans. Another vege- 
table parasite, called Trichophyton (or Trichomyces) 
tonsurans, is developed in the root of the hair. P. 
favo'sa, Favus or Tinea favosa; contagious vegeta- 
ble parasitic disease due to the achorion Schonleinii. 
Honeycomb scall or tetter. It consists of an eruption of 
pustules common to the head, trunk, and extremities, 
pea-sized, flattened at the top, in clusters, often unit- 
ing ; discharge, fetid; scabs, honeycombed; the cells 
filled with fluid. It occurs both in early and adult 
life. The crusts of favus are of vegetable nature, and 
believed at one time to be formed of a parasitic plant, 
Fungus porriginis, belonging to the genus Mycoderma. 
It is now referred to a new genus under the name 
Achorion Schonleinii. The name Puccinia favi has 
also been given to it. Eczema of the hairy scalp is 
often confounded with porrigo. P. fur'furans, Tinea 
tonsurans, Pityriasis, commences with an eruption of 
small achores, the fluid of which soon concretes and 
separates in innumerable thin, laminated scabs or 
scale-like exfoliations. It is attended with much 
itching and some soreness of the scalp, to which the 
disease is confined. Occurs chiefly in adults. P. 
larva'lis, Milky scall or tetter, Milkblotch, is almost ex- 
clusively a disease of infancy. It commonly appears 
first in the forehead and cheeks in an eruption of 
numerous minute whitish achores on a red surface. 
These break and discharge a viscid fluid, which be- 
comes incrusted in thin yellowish or greenish scabs. 
The patches spread until the whole face becomes, as it 
were, enveloped in a mask; hence the epithet larvalis 
(like a mask). The disease is rather a variety of ec- 
zema. Sometimes the eruption appears on the neck 
and breast, and, occasionally, on the extremities. In 
general, the health of the child does not suffer, but 
the eruption is always attended with much itching PORRIGOPHYTE 
and irritation. See Porrigo lupinosa. P. lupino'sa, 
Favus dispersus, consists of minute pustules in small 
patches, mostly commencing on the scalp; the patches 
terminate in dry, delving scabs, resembling lupine 
seeds, the interstices often covered with a thin, whit- 
ish and exfoliating incrustation. It occurs chiefly 
in early life. P. scutula'ta, Ringworm of the scalp, 
Scalled head; vegetable parasitic contagious disease 
due to the trichophyton. Commences with clusters of 
small, light-yellow pustules, which soon scab off, and, 
if neglected, become hard by accumulation. If the 
scabs be removed, the surface is left red and shining, 
but studded with slightly elevated points. If not 
attended to, it involves the whole head. It usually 
occurs in children three or four years of age. 
Porrigophyte, por're-go-fite (porrigo, phuton, vege- 
table). Parasitic vegetation causing favus or porrigo 
favosa. 
Porro-Mul'ler operation. An incision is made 
into the abdomen and the uterus is drawn out; after 
applying a ligature around the cervix the uterus is 
opened and the fcetus delivered. 
Porro's operation. Consists in amputation of the 
uterus and ovaries directly after Caesarean section; 
the stump is attached to the inferior angle of the 
abdominal wound. 
Porro-Veit operation. Modification of Porro's 
operation, which allows the stump to fall into the 
pelvis. 
Porrum, por'rum. Allium porrum; thymion. P. 
sati'vum, Allium porrum. 
Porrus, por'rus. Thymion. 
Port wine. Vinum Portugallicum. P.-w. stain, 
naevus. 
Porta, por'tah. Gate. The part of the liver or other 
organ-hilus-where its vessels enter as by a gate. See 
Liver. Also the vulva. P. hep'atis, see Liver. P. 
jec'oris, see Liver. P. labyrin'thi, fenestra ro- 
tunda. P. lie'nis, see Spleen. P. omento'rum, foramen 
Winslowii. P. pulmo'nis, root of lung. P. re'num, 
hilus of kidney. P. spa'tii, intra-aponeuroticae supra- 
sternalis, opening between suprasternal and intra- 
aponeurotic space and blind sac back of sterno- 
cleidoid muscle. P. ve'na, Vena portae, or Vena 
portarum, the system of the vena porta, or the 
abdominal venous system or portal system, is a vas- 
cular apparatus of black blood, situate in the abdo- 
men, and resulting from two distinct orders of vessels 
united into one common trunk. 1. One of these 
orders, much more extensive than the other, is called 
Vena porta abdominalis, because it arises from all the 
organs enclosed in the cavity of the abdomen, except 
the kidneys and bladder, and, in the female, the 
uterus. The abdominal vena porta has two principal 
roots, the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric, 
which have their ramifications in all the digestive 
organs. 2. The other set of vessels, distributed solely to 
the liver, has been called the hepatic vena porta. Ap- 
pears to be a continuation of the abdominal vena porta, 
and proceeds toward the inferior surface of the liver. 
Opposite the transverse fissure of that organ it 
divides, like an artery, into two branches, which, at 
their union, seem to form a canal or duct, called by 
some the sinus of the vena porta or of the portal vein. 
These branches are distributed in the substance of the 
liver, whither they are accompanied by a prolonga- 
tion of the fibrous capsule of that organ-the capsule 
of Glisson. The different branches of the vena porta 
are devoid of valves. See Liver. 
Por'tal. Eelating to the porta of the liver, as the 
portal system or system of the vena porta. By ex- 
tension, the term has been applied to an analogous 
system of vessels in the kidney. See Kidney. P. cir- 
cula'tion, circulation through the portal vein and its 
hepatic branches. P. fis'sure, see Liver. P. fos'sa, 
see Liver. P. system, see Porta vena. P. sys'tem of 
the kid'ney, see Kidney. P. vein, porta vena. P. 
veins of the kid'ney, see Kidney. 
Porte-bougie (F.), port-boo-zhe'. Silver canula simi- 
lar to that of a trocar, except that it is longer; used 
for conducting bougies into the urethra. 
POSSESSED 
Porte-caustique (F.), port-kaw-steek'. Instrument 
similar to a porte-crayon or pencil-holder for carrying 
lunar caustic. 
Porte-ligature (F.) (porter, to carry, ligature). An 
instrument for conveying a ligature to deep-seated 
parts. 
Porte-moxa (F.). Small instrument for keeping 
the moxa applied to a part to be cauterized. 
Portentum, por-ten'tum. Monster. 
Por'ter. Dark-brown malt liquor made of malt 
and hops; color is due to high-dried malt. See Cere- 
visia. 
Porte-sonde (F.). An instrument resembling a 
porte-crayon, employed for holding the style or sonde, 
and inserting it more readily into the nasal duct, 
during the operation for fistula lacrymalis. 
Portio (por'she-oh) axilla'ris. Second portion of 
axillary artery. P. brachia'lis, third part of brachial 
artery. P. cervica'lis, third portion of subclavian 
artery. P. du'ra, hard portion of facial nerve. P. 
inter du'ram et mol'lem, Portio Wrisbergii. P. in- 
terme'dia, intermediary nerve; middle portion of 
cervix uteri; see Portio Wrisbergii. P. ma'jor 
trigem'ini, sensory root of trifacial nerve. P. me'dia 
inter portio'nem duram et portio'nem mol'lem, 
Portio Wrisbergii. P. mi'nor trigem'ini, motor root of 
trifacial. P. mol'lis, soft portion of auditory nerve. 
P. muscula'ris, second portion of subclavian artery. 
P. pectina'ta, see Lamina spiralis. P. pectora'lis, 
first portion of subclavian artery. P. supravagina'- 
lis, supravaginal part of neck of uterus. P. thorac'- 
ica, first part of axillary artery. P. vagina'lis, part 
of cervix uteri within the vagina. P. Wrisberg'ii, 
small white fasciculus, intermediate between the 
portio mollis and portio dura of the seventh pair of 
nerves, first described by Wrisberg. The chorda 
tympani is a branch of the facial nerve. 
Port'land ar'row root. Starch made from rhizome 
of Arum maculatum. 
Portonarium, por-to-nar'e-um (porta, gate). Pylo- 
rus ; duodenum. 
Portulaca, por-tu-lak'ah. Purslane, Purslain. This 
plant has a watery and somewhat acid j uice; regarded 
as antiseptic and aperient. Belongs to the Portulaca- 
ceae or Portulacese, natural order of plants found in 
S. America and S. Africa. 
Po'rus. Pore; callosity; canal, meatus. P. acust'- 
icus, auditory canal, internal. P. acust'icus exter'- 
nus, auditory canal, external. P. bllla'rius, chole- 
doch duct. P. carot'icus exter'nus, carotid foramen. 
P. cra'nio-nasa'lis, foramen caecum. P. Meckel'ii, 
opening in dura mater for trifacial nerve. P. op'ti- 
cus, opening in the centre of the cribriform lamella 
of the sclerotic, through which the central artery of 
the retina enters the eyeball. 
Posca, pos'ka. Mixture of vinegar and water, used 
chiefly as a refrigerant. 
Posimos, pos'e-mos. Potable. 
Posi'tion, false. False position. P. of fce'tus, see 
Parturition and Presentation. P. of a mus'cle, period 
of rest; term used to denote the lapse of time be- 
tween stimulation and contraction of muscle-fibre, as 
indicated by the myograph. 
Positive. Term applied in electricity to the point 
at which the electric current enters-the positive pole 
or the anode. 
Pos'itor, u'terine. Instrument for adjusting dis- 
placements of the uterus. 
Posological, po-zo-loj'ik-al. Relating to posology. 
P. ta'ble, table of doses of the articles of the materia 
medica. See Doses (table of). 
Posology, po-zol'o-je (posos, quantity, logos, dis- 
course). Indication of the doses of the different ar- 
ticles of the materia medica. See Doses. 
Posoqueria dumetorum, po-so-kwe're-ah du-me-to'- 
rum. Randia dumetorum. 
Possessed, poz-zest'. One affected with epilepsy or 
other strange neurotic affection was formerly sup- 
posed to be possessed by a demon. Hence, exorcism 
and various religious ceremonies were at one time 
employed to drive off the intruder. 
903 POSSET 
Pos'set (posca, sour wine and water). Milk curdled 
with wine or any acid, or treacle. Preparation of 
beer and milk. P. sack, see Sack. P. sa'go, see Sago. 
Possetting, pos'set-ting. Eegurgitation (of infants). 
Post. Latin preposition used as a prefix, and mean- 
ing after or behind. 
Postarytaenoi'deus. Crico-arytsenoideus posticus 
muscle. 
Post-axial, post-aks'e-al (post, axis). See Pre-axial. 
Postbrachiale, post-brak-e-al'e (post, after, brach- 
ium, arm). Metacarpus. 
Postcarpium, post-kar'pe-um (post, after, carpus, 
wrist). Metacarpus. 
Postci'bal (post, cibus, food). Occurring after a 
meal. 
Posterior (pos-te're-or) annula'ris. An external 
interosseous muscle, arising from the corresponding 
sides of the metacarpal bones of the ring finger and 
little finger, and inserted into the inside of the tendon 
on the back of the ring finger. It draws the ring fin- 
ger inward. P. aud'itory fos'sa, semilunar notch in 
the temporal bone dividing auditory plate from tem- 
poral ridge. P. aur'is, retrahens auris. P. cen'tral 
convolu'tion, ascending parietal convolution of the 
brain. P. cen'tral sul'cus, sulcus post-centralis cer- 
ebri. P. cerebel'lar ar'tery, posterior inferior cere- 
bellar artery. P. cer'ebral ar'tery, posterior cere- 
bral artery. P. cham'ber, cavity of eye back of lens. 
P. cho'rioid or cho'roid ar'tery, see Choroid artery. 
P. col'umns, see Spinal cord. P. commissu'ra, pos- 
terior cerebral commissure. P. commu'nicant ar'- 
tery, posterior communicating artery. P. cor'nu, 
posterior horn of lateral ventricle. P. cor'nual 
bulb, bulbus cornu posterioris. P. digas'tricus, 
posterior belly of digastric muscle. P. dilata'tor, 
dilatator naris posterior. P. In'dicis ma'nus, in- 
ternal interosseous muscle, which arises from the 
inner or ulnar side of the metacarpal bone of the 
fore finger, and is inserted into the inside of the ten- 
don on the back of the fore finger. It draws the fore 
finger inward. P. in'dicis pe'dis, external interos- 
seous muscle, which arises from the contiguous sides 
of the metacarpal bones of the fore toe and second 
of the small toes, and is inserted into the outside of 
the root of the first, bone of the fore toe. It pulls the 
fore toe outward. P. me'dii dig'iti ma'nus, external 
interosseous muscle, which arises from the corre- 
sponding sides of the metacarpal bones of the middle 
and ring fingers, and is inserted into the inside of the 
tendon on the back of the middle finger. It draws 
the middle finger inward. P. me'dii dig'iti pe'dis, 
external interosseous muscle, which originates from 
the contiguous sides of the metacarpal bones of the 
second and third of the small toes, and is inserted 
into the outside of the root of the first bone of the 
second of the small toes. It pulls the toe outward. 
P. ter'tii dig'iti, external interosseous muscle, which 
arises from the contiguous sides of the metacarpal 
bones of the third and fourth of the small toes, and 
is inserted into the outside of the root of the first 
bone of the third of the small toes. It pulls the toe 
outward. 
Pos'tero-lat'eral groove. Sulcus intermedius posti- 
cus ; groove along spinal cord where posterior nerve- 
roots issue. 
Pos'tero-pari'etal gy'rus. Post-central convolu- 
tion of brain. P.-p. lob'ule, superior parietal lobule. 
P.-p. sul'cus, sulcus centralis. 
Pos'tero-tem'poral sul'cus. Sulcus temporalis 
cerebri medius. 
Poster'ula. Portion of posterior parts of turbinated 
bones of nose. 
Postfrontal, post-fron'tal (post, frons, frontal bone). 
Distinct bone, temporary in birds, permanent in 
reptiles, extending downward from the postero-ex- 
ternal part of the frontal bone. 
Postgenera'tion. Latter development. 
Postgeniculatum, post-jen-ik-u-lat'um (post, genic- 
ulatum). Internal corpus geniculatum of brain be- 
tween optic tract and cimbia. 
Postglenoid (post-gle'noid) (post, glenoid) pro'cess. 
904 
I POTABLE 
Tubercle in front of the outer part of the fissura 
Glaseri: much more largely developed in some of the 
other mammals. 
Postgrad'uate. Relating to studies pursued after 
graduation. 
Posthal'gia {posthe, algos, pain). Pain in the penis 
or prepuce. 
Posthe, pos'the. Penis; prepuce. 
Posthetomist, pos-thet'o-mist {postlie, prepuce, tome, 
incision). Posthetomus. One who performs the opera- 
tion of circumcision. 
Posthetomy, pos-thet'o-me (same etymon). Cir- 
cumcision. 
Posthia, pos-the'ah {posthid). Hordeolum. 
Posthioplastic, pos-the-o-plas'tik {posthe, plasso, to 
form). Posthoplastic. An epithet applied to the ope- 
ration for restoring the prepuce. 
Posthitis, pos-the'tis {posthe, prepuce, itis). In- 
flammation of the prepuce. 
Posthium, pos'the-um {posthion). Penis; prepuce. 
Posthocalyptron (pos-tho-kal-ip'tron) or Postho- 
calym'ma {posthe, penis, kaluptra, covering). Con- 
dom. 
Posthoncus, pos-thon'kus {posthe, onkos, tumor). 
Swelling of the prepuce or penis. 
Posthumous, post'u-mus {post, after, humus, ground). 
Occurring after death. P. child, one born after the 
death of its father or taken from the dead body of its 
mother, as by the Caesarean section. 
Postmortem, post-mor'tem. After death, as post- 
mortem or necroscopic examination; examination of 
a dead body with the view of determining the cause 
of death or of establishing some interesting fact in 
pathology. 
Postnatus, post-nat'us. Born after; in the old law 
writers, the second son. 
Post-o'ral {post, os, mouth). Situated behind the 
mouth; applied to certain visceral arches and clefts 
of the vertebrate embryo. 
Postpartum, post-par'tum. After delivery, as post- 
partum hemorrhage. 
Postpedun'culus. Inferior peduncle of cerebellum. 
Postperfora'tus. Posterior perforated space. 
Postpharyngeal, post - far-in-je'al. Behind the 
pharynx, as P. ab'scess, an abscess seated in the 
areolar tissue behind the pharynx. 
Postpitu'itary. Situate behind the pituitary body. 
Post-plexus. Term for plexus in vertebrates cor- 
responding to lumbo-sacral plexus in man. 
Postpositio, post-po-zish'e-o {post, after, pono, to 
place). A postponement. Delay in the return of a 
paroxysm. It is opposed to anticipatio, which means 
the return of a paroxysm earlier than its accustomed 
hour. In this sense we speak of an anticipating and 
a postponing intermittent {febris hysterica). 
Postpyram'idal nu'cleus. Nucleus funiculi gra- 
cilis. 
Postscale'nus. Posterior scalene muscle of neck. 
Postscap'ula. Infraspinous portion of scapula. 
Postscap'ular fos'sa. Infraspinous fossa. 
Postscapula'ris. Infraspinatus muscle. 
Post sing. sed. liq. Abbreviation of post singulas 
sedes liquidas, after every loose stool. 
Postsphenoid (post-sfe'noid) bone. Posterior por- 
tion of the sphenoid bone in infancy; it includes the 
sella turcica and great wings. In animals this di 
vision of the sphenoid sometimes persists through 
life. 
Postural, pos'tu-ral {pono, positum, to place). Re- 
lating or appertaining to posture or position-as post- 
ural treatment, the treatment by position-of a frac- 
tured limb, for example. P. respira'tion, see Ready 
method and Drowning, resuscitation from. 
Postzygapophysis, post-zig-ap-of'is-is {post, zugos, 
yoke, apophusis, process). The inferior articular pro- 
cesses of the vertebrae, two to each dorsal vertebra. 
The superior articular processes, also two in number, 
are called prezygapophyses. 
Pot. Abbreviation for potio, potion. 
Potable, po'ta'bl {poto, to drink, habilis, able), 
Water is said to be potable when it contains atmo- POTAGE 
spheric air, is not brackish, and has no mineral im- 
pregnation of consequence. 
Potage, pot-azh' (F.). Broth ; soup. 
Potamopyra, pot-am-op'ir-ah (potamos, river, pur, 
fever). Marsh fever; malarial fever. 
Pot'ash. So called from the pots or vessels in 
which it was made-Vegetable alkali; also potass. 
P. of com'merce, impure potassa, pearlash of com- 
merce ; it is prepared from the ashes of land-plants 
by calcination, solution in water, filtration, and evap- 
oration ; usually consists of potassium subcarbonate, 
potassium sulphate, potassium chloride, silex, oxide 
of iron, etc. Another variety of the alkali is aflbrded 
by burning argol in a crucible; is called Salt of tar- 
tar. Wormwood burnt to ashes, dissolved in water, 
filtered, and evaporated to dryness affords another 
variety of vegetable alkali, Salt of wormwood. Im- 
pure potash is used for preparing the subcarbonate 
for medicinal use. P. water, liquor potassae effer- 
vescens. 
(For convenience of reference, the compounds of 
potassium are retained under Potassa and Potasses, 
while also introduced, according to more modern 
nomenclature, under Potassium and Potassii. For ex- 
ample, acetate of potassium will be mentioned under 
potassa, acetate of; potass® acetas; potassium acetate; 
and potassii acetas). 
Pot'ass. Potassa; potassa fusa; potash ; protoxide 
of potassium. 
Potassa, po-tas'sah. Potassa fusa. P., ac'etate of, 
potassii acetas. P. antimo'niate, diaphoretic prepa- 
ration too variable for use. P., azo'tate of, potassii 
nitras. P., bichro'mate of, potassii bichromas. P., 
bisul'phate of, potassii supersulphas. P., bitar'trate 
of, potassii supertartras. P. cum cal'ce, Potassa with 
lime (potass®, calcis, aa ; rub together and keep in 
a well-stopped bottle; Ph. U. S.); used for the same 
purposes as potassa fusa, but more manageable, being 
less deliquescent. P., carbazo'tate of, potassii picras. 
P., car'bonate of, potassii carbonas. P., car'bonate 
of, pure, see Potassii subcarbonas. P. caus'tica cum 
cal'ce, potassa cum calce. P., chlo'rate of, potassii 
chloras. P., chro'mate of, potassii chromas. P., 
chro'mate of, neu'tral, potassii chromas. P., chro'- 
mate of, yel'low. potassii chromas. P., ci'trate of, 
potassii citras. P., euchlo'rate of, potassii chloras. 
P., ferrocy'anate of, potassii ferrocyanuretum. P., 
ferroprus'siate of, potassii cyanuretum. P. fu'sa, 
Potassa (Ph. U. S.), Lapis infernalis, Fused potassa, 
Potassa, Fixed vegetable alkali, Hydrate of potassa, 
Caustic potash. It is powerfully escharotic, and used 
for forming issues, curing strictures, etc. P., fused, 
potassa fusa. P., hy'drate of, potassa fusa. P., 
hydri'odate of, potassii iodidum. P., hydrobro'mate 
of, see Bromine. P., hydrocy'anate of, potassii cyan- 
uretum. P., hyperman'ganate of, potassii hyper- 
manganas. P. hyperox'alas, potassium oxalate. P. 
hypertar'tras, P. supertartras. P., hypophos'phite 
of, potassii hypophosphis. P. impu'ra, potash of 
commerce. P., i'odate of, potassii iodas. P. and 
i'ron, tar'trate of, ferrum tartarizatum. P. with 
lime, potassa cum calce. P. liq'uida, liquor potass®. 
P., meph'ite of, potassii subcarbonas. P., monoch.ro'- 
mate of, potassii chromas. P., mu'riate of, potassii 
chloridum. P., ni'trate of, potassii nitras. P. ope 
cal'cis para'ta et ig'ne fu'sa, potassa cum calce. P., 
oxymu'riate of, potassii chloras. P., perman'ganate 
of, potassii permanganas. P., phos'phate of, potassii 
phosphas. P., prus'siate of, potassii ferrocyanure- 
tum. P., sil'icate of, Liquid or Soluble glass; substi- 
tute for starch in immovable dressings, applied in 
syrupy consistence with a brush, drying rapidly, and 
easily softened by hot water for removal. P. and 
so'da, tar'trate of, sodium tartrate. P., subcar'- 
bonate of, potassii subcarbonas. P., sul'phate of, 
potassii sulphas. P., sul'phate of, ac'id, potassii 
supersulphas. P., sul'phite of, potassii sulphis. P., 
sulphocar'bolate of, see Sulphocarbolate. P. sulphu- 
ra'ta, potassii sulphuretum. P., sul'phuret of, po- 
tassii sulphuretum. P., supercar'bonate of, potassii 
carbonas. P., supersul'phate of, potassii supersul- 
905 
POTASSII 
phas. P., supertar'trate of, potassii supertartras. 
P., tar'trate of, potassii tartras. 
Potas'sae ace'tas. Potassii acetas, KC2H3O2. P. 
et alu'minae sul'phas, alumen. P. azo'tas, potassii 
nitras. P. biantimo'nias, antimonium diaphoreti- 
cum. P. blcarbo'nas, potassii carbonas. P. bisul'- 
phas, P. supersulphas. P. bitar'tras, P. supertartras. 
P. hy'dras, potassa fusa. P. hydri'odas, Hydriodate 
of potassium, potassii iodidum. P.ox'alas acid'ulum, 
potassium oxalate. P. oxymu'rias, P. chloras. P. 
perchlo'ras, Perchlorate of potassium, has been em- 
ployed in intermittents, etc. P. phos'phas, potassii 
phosphas. P. pic'ras, potassii picras. P. protohydri'- 
odas, P. iodidum. P. prus'sias fla'va, potassii ferro- 
cyanuretum. P. pu'rae fu'sae hy'dras, potassa fusa. 
P. et so'dae tar'tras, soda, tartrate of. P. subcarbo'- 
nas, potassii carbonas. 
Potas'sii ace'tas (Ph. U. S.). Acetate of potas- 
sium, acetate of potassa. Makes blood alkaline, 
and is diuretic in small doses; purgative in large 
doses; dose, gr. xv-3j or more. Used in dropsy, 
rheumatism, and gonorrhoea. P. bicarbo'nas, potas- 
sii carbonas. P. bichro'mas (Ph. U. S. and Br.), potas- 
sii bichromas, bichromate of potassa, bichromate of 
potassium. (Procured by treating potas- 
sium chromate with sulphuric, nitric, or acetic acid, 
evaporating, and crystallizing.) Violent irritant poi- 
son, used as caustic in cases of morbid growths, in the 
proportion of from half a drachm to a drachm of the 
salt to from an ounce to an ounce and a half of water. 
Not used internally. P. bitar'tras, potassii supertar- 
tras. P. bro'midum, Bromide of potassium; a colorless 
crystalline salt, soluble in water; has the virtues of the 
iodide with the characteristic action of the bromides, 
and is therefore employed in the treatment of epilepsy, 
hysteria, mania, venereal excitement, chordee, insom- 
nia, and restlessness accompanied by and dependent 
upon nervous excitement. Is an anaesthetic, and apt, 
after long use, to produce an acneiform rash; a com- 
bination of a saturated solution of salicylic acid (gr. j 
to each of water) or liquor arsenicalis prevents 
this rash. Large doses are said to occasion drowsiness 
and to be antaphrodisiac. Dose, gr. x-xv, three times 
daily; see Bromine. P. carbo'nas is antacid, antilithic, 
diuretic. Used internally in skin diseases; dose, gr. 
ij-xx. Potass® carbonas, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, or 
Supercarbonate of potassa, Bicarbonate of potassium. 
KHCO3. Is not caustic like the potassium subcar- 
bonate, and hence has been preferred to relieve acid- 
ity. (Potass, carbon., ibiv; aquae destillat., Ox.). Car- 
bonic acid is obtained from marble by the addition of 
dilute sulphuric acid; Ph. U. S. Dose, gr. x-5ss. 
Used in forming soda powders, as well as for its ant- 
acid properties. The salt in powder is called sal aera- 
tus. Its composition is between that of a carbonate 
and a bicarbonate; see Potassii subcarbonas. P. car- 
bo'nas im'pura, P. subcarbonas; see Potassii subcarbo- 
nas. P. carbo'nas e lixi'vo cin'ere, P. subcarbonas. 
P. carbo'nas pu'ra or pu'rus, see Potassii subcarbo- 
nas. P. chlo'ras, potassii chloras. P. murias oxygen- 
atus, Potassae chloras, Potassii chloras (Ph. U. S, and 
Br.), Oxymuriate, Hyperoxymuriate, Chlorate, or Eu- 
chlorate of potassa, Chlorate of potassium, Protochlorate 
of potassium, Kali chloricum. Alterative purifier of 
the blood and humors, and as such is prescribed in- 
ternally in diphtheritic and other morbid conditions, 
or in the form of troches gradually dissolved in the 
mouth. Used externally as an application to irrita- 
ble and spongy gums; as a gargle in diphtheria and 
in the various forms of stomatitis and in mercurial 
sore mouth; dose, 5 to 10 grains or more. P. chloratis 
trochisci, each contains gr. v of the salt. P. chlo'rl- 
dum, chloride of potassium; bitter and refrigerant. 
P. chlorure'turn oxyda'tum, potassii chloras. P. 
chro'mas, potassii chromas, Neutral yellow chromate 
or monochromate of potassium. P. ci'tras, potassii 
citras. K3C6H5O7H2O. Citrate of potassium, Citrate 
of potassa (acid, citric., ; potass, bicarb., 3xiv; 
aquae, q. s. The salt is deliquescent, and must be 
kept in well-stopped bottles; Ph. U. S.). Refrigerant, 
diaphoretic, and a mild alkaline laxative, and may be POTASS! I 
given in fever when to do little or nothing is the most 
advisable course. P. citra'tis li'quor, see Liquor 
potassii citratis. P. citra'tis mistu'ra, see Liquor 
potassii citratis. P. cyan'idum, P. cyanuretum. P. 
cyanure'tum, P. cyanidum (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Cyan- 
uret or Cyanide of potassium, Hydrocyanate of potassa. 
Used in the same cases as the hydrocyanic acid; dose, 
gr. to |. Five grains have caused death. P. deu- 
tocarbo'nas, potassii carbonas. P. et fer'ri tar'- 
tras, ferri tartarizatum. P. ferrocyanure'tum or 
ferrocyan'idum (Ph. U.S. and Br.), KtFe(CN)6,3H2O. 
Ferrocyanide or Ferrocyanuret of potassium, Ferrocyan- 
ate or Ferroprussiate or Prussiate of potash. Yellow 
double cyanuret of potassium and iron, the salt from 
which the cyanuret of potassium is obtained by 
calcination. Rarely employed in medicine. P. 
hydrar'gyro-io'didum, lodhydrargyrate or Hydrar- 
gyro-iodide of potassium. (This salt is made by the 
combination of iodide of potassium with red iodide of 
mercury.) In fractional doses its properties are similar 
to those of the iodides of mercury, but in a less de- 
gree. P. hypophos'phis (Ph. U. S.), KH2PO2, Potassse 
hypophosphis, Hypophosphite of potassa or of potassium, 
is prepared by a method similar to that for hypo- 
phosphite of sodium, and is similarly employed. 
P. i'odas, Iodate of potassium. This salt, prepared by 
the action of iodine on chlorate of potassium, has been 
proposed as a substitute for the latter in affections 
of the mucous membrane of the mouth and fauces. 
P. io'didum, Potassii hydriodas. If a solution of 
potassa be poured on iodine, an iodate and hydriodate 
are formed. These may be separated by means of 
alcohol, which only dissolves the latter of these salts. 
The hydriodate-or rather the iodide of potassium, 
kalium iodatum, potassi ioduretum or iodidum-may 
be obtained by evaporation. It may be procured by 
treating solution of potassa with iodine, evaporating 
to dryness, and treating with charcoal. Virtues, those 
of iodine; it acts as a specific in secondary and ter- 
tiary syphilis; very useful in certain forms of rheuma- 
tism, in chronic pleuritis with effusion, and in pericar- 
ditis, also in lead-poisoning. Dose, gr. x to xx. Large 
doses are apt to produce frontal pain, coryza, and 
nervous irritability, which condition is termed iodism. 
P. iodure'tum, potassii iodidum. P. ni'tras, potassii 
nitras, Nitrate or Azotate of potassa, Nitrum, Nitre, Salt- 
petre, Protonitrate of potassium, Nitrate of protoxide of 
potassium, Nitrate of potassium. KNO3. It is diuretic, 
refrigerant, diaphoretic, and, in large doses, purga- 
tive ; externally, cooling and detergent. Dose, gr. x 
to 3j. lu large doses it is an acrid poison. Given 
in acute inflammatory diseases, as rheumatism, in 
dropsies, scurvy, haemoptysis, and menorrhagia. 
Largely used in making gunpowder. Paper impreg- 
nated with nitre and burnt in the chamber has occa- 
sionally afforded relief in asthma. Nitrous powder 
is a combination of nitre with calomel and tartar 
emetic. P. ni'tras fu'sus sulpha'tis paucil'lo mix'- 
tus, Sal prunelie, Sore-throat salt, Mineral crystal; ni- 
trate of potassium mixed with a little sulphate of 
potassium and run into moulds; its properties are 
those of nitre. P. ox'alas, Superoxalate of protoxide of 
potassium, Oxalate of potassium, Salt of sorrel, is pre- 
pared from the juice of wood sorrel. It is refrigerant, 
and is used to make lemonade, etc. A mixture of two 
parts of salt of sorrel with one part of cream of tar- 
tar bears the name of salt of lemons. P. oxygeno- 
chlorure'tum, potassii chloras. P. perman'ganas, 
Potassse permanganas (Ph. U. S.), Permanganate of 
potassa, Hypermanganate of potassa, Permanganate of 
potassium. Given in cases of diabetes (dose, from 
gr. ij to gr. v, three times a day); also in obstinate 
dyspepsia. Its external applications are, however, 
far more important. Recommended as a caustic, 
being less painful and of more intense action than 
others; for this purpose the powder is made into 
a paste with water. As an antibromic and escharotic 
combined, in the quantity of twenty grains to the 
pint of water, it, as well as manganic acid, is used 
as a wash to gangrenous, diphtheritic, and other 
ulcers. It has been extensively employed in hospital 
906 
POTASSII 
gangrene, and in various strengths, from one grain 
to ten grains to the fluidounce, as a disinfectant. 
Liquor potassii permanganatis, Liquor potasses perman- 
ganatis, solution of permanganate of potash, solution 
of permanganate of potassium (88 grains of the per- 
manganate to Oj (Imp.) of distilled water), is officinal 
(Ph. Br.). P. phos'phas, Phosphate of potassium, Po- 
tassium phosphate; white amorphous salt; alterative 
in scrofula and phthisis. P. pi'cras, Picrate or Car- 
bazotate of potassium; potassium picrate or carbazo- 
tate; has been used as an antiperiodic. P. protox'idi 
hydri'odas, potassii iodidum. P. et so'd® or so'dii 
tar'tras, KaNC4H4Oe,4H2O, sodium tartrate, Calca- 
reous tartar ; see Sodii tartras. P. et so'dii tar'tras, 
Rochelle salt. Mild saline purgative. Dose, 
properly diluted. P. subcarbo'nas, Carbonate of po- 
tassium, Subcarbonate or Mephite of potassa, etc. (See 
Potash.') A filtered solution of the impure subcarbon- 
ate, potass® carbonas impura, potassii carbonas im- 
pure, pearlash (see Potash), evaporated to dryness. 
This deliquescent salt is given in the same cases as 
the potassii carbonas, than which it is more caustic 
and disagreeable. The Parisian Codex had two sub- 
carbonates, one of which is salt of tartar; it is the 
potass® carbonas purus or pure, potassii carbonas 
pure, pure carbonate of potassium. They are all 
used like the preceding. P. subcarbo'nas impu'- 
rus, potash of commerce. P. sul'phas, Potassse sul- 
phas, Sulphate of potassium or of potassa, K2SO4. (The 
salt that remains after the distillation of nitric acid, 
dissolved; the excess of acid saturated with subcar- 
bonate of potassium and crystallized.) Purgative, 
diuretic, and hepatic stimulant. Dose, 3ss to £ij, as 
a laxative. In large doses it is an irritant poison. 
P. sul'phas cum sul'phure (formed by deflagrating 
nitrate of potassium with sublimed sulphur). Same 
virtues as the last. Dose, gr. xv to xxx. P. sul'phls 
(Ph. U. S.), Potassse sulphis, Sulphite of potassium, S. 
of potash, Potassium or Potassa sulphite, K2SO3,2H2O. 
White soluble substance; dose and uses the same as 
those of sulphite of sodium; see Sodii sulphis. P. sul- 
phocyanure'tum or sulphocyan'idum, Sulphocyanuret 
of potassium. This salt has been prepared as a substi- 
tute for hydrocyanic acid and cyanuret of potassium, 
on the ground of its possessing their advantages with- 
out their inconveniences. P. sulphure'tum, Potassse 
sulphuretum, Kali sulphuretum, Liver of sulphur, Sul- 
phuret of potassium, Sulphurated or Sulphuretted potassa 
or potash (sulphur, ,5,j ; potassii carb., Has been 
employed as an expectorant, but is chiefly used as a 
bath or wash in cases of itch, tinea capitis, and other 
cutaneous affections. P. superox'alas, potassii oxalas. 
P. supersul'phas, potassii supersulphas, Supersulphate 
of potassium or potassa, Acid sulphate or bisulphate of 
potassium or potassa, Superprotosulphate of potassium 
(the salt remaining after the distillation of nitric 
acid, dissolved, strained, and crystallized). Refrig- 
erant and purgative. Dose, 3ss to 3ij. P. super- 
tar'tras, Potassii bitartras (Ph. U. S.), Bitartrate of 
potassium, Supertartrate of protoxide of potassium, Bi- 
tartrate or Supertartrate of potassa, Crystals of tartar, 
Cream of tartar (when in powder), Supertartrate of 
potassium, KHC4H4O6. (Tartar of wine purified.) It 
is mildly purgative, refrigerant, diuretic, and, in 
large doses, a hydragogue cathartic. Dissolved in 
water, with a small quantity of white wine, some 
sugar, and lemon-peel, it forms an agreeable beverage 
in febrile diseases, under the name of imperial. Two 
drachms of cream of tartar added to a pint of milk 
constitute cream-of-tartar whey. Dose, as a diuretic, 
5j to 3'J ! as a purgative, to P. supertar'- 
tras impu'rus, Tartar. It is also called tartarum 
rubrum and red argol when obtained from red wines, 
tartarum album when from white wines. Tartar is 
the saline deposit from wines as they become aged, 
which attaches itself to the sides of the casks and 
bottles in which they are kept. It consists of a con- 
siderable quantity of acidulous tartrate of potassium, 
tartrate of lime, silica, alumen, oxide of iron, manga- 
nese, and red coloring matter, if the wine be red. 
Chiefly used for the preparation of cream of tartar. POTASSIO-FERRIC SULPHATE 
P. tar'tras, Potassii tartras (Ph. U. S.), Tartrate of 
potassium or potassa, Soluble tartar, 
Saline cathartic in the dose of gij to P. tar'tras 
acid'ulus pu'rus, P. supertartras. P*. tar'tras ac'l- 
dus, P. supertartras. P. tar'tras stibia'lis or stibio'- 
sus, antimonium tartarizatum. P. tersulphure'tum, 
potassii sulphuretum. 
Potas'sio-fer'ric sul'phate, Ferri et ammonii sul- 
phas. Made by adding ammonium sulphate to a 
solution of tersulphate of iron. If potassium sul- 
phate be used instead of ammonium sulphate, potas- 
sio-ferric alum results. 
Potassium, po-tas'se-um (same etymon as Potash). 
Lightest of all metals except lithium, discovered by 
Davy in 1807. It is very soft, and may be cut with a 
knife. Only the salts and oxides are employed in 
medicine. Large doses of the compounds of potas- 
sium act as poisons on the heart, paralyzing the mus- 
cles, especially the nerve-tissues, and produce a con- 
dition of dyscrasia. The metallic base of potassa. 
P. ac'etate, potassii acetas. P. al'coholate, potassium 
ethylate. P. arsen'iate, arsenias kalicus. P. auro- 
cy'anide (KAuCyi), white crystals; in dilution of 1 
to 25,000 of serum of blood it is destructive to bacilli 
anthracis. P. bicar'bonate, potassii bicarbonas. P. 
bichro'mate, potassii bichromas. P. binox'alate, 
potassii binoxalas. P. bitar'tras, potassii supertar- 
tras. P. bo'ro-tar'trate, tartras borico-potassicus. P, 
bro'mide, potassii bromidum. P. canthar'idate, used 
subcutaneously in tuberculosis. P. car'bonate, po- 
tassii subcarbonas. P. car'bonate, pure, see Potassii 
subcarbonas. P. chlo'rate, potassii chloras. P. chlo'- 
ride, potassii chloridum. P. ci'trate, potassii citras. 
P. cyan'uret, potassii cyanuretum. P. dithiocar'- 
bonate, K2C0S2, deliquescent salt, employed in ec- 
zema, psoriasis, tinea tonsurans, etc. P. eth'ylate, po- 
tassium alcoholate. P. ferridcy'anide, potassium fer- 
ricyanide. P. ferrocy'anide, potassii ferrocyanure- 
tum. P. ferrocyanu'ret, potassii ferrocyanuretum. 
P. i'odide, potassii iodidum. P. iodohy dr ar'gyrate, 
potassii hydrargyroiodidum. P. mercurocy'anide, P. 
aurocyanide. P. my'ronate, sinigrin. P. ni'trate, 
potassii nitras. P. os'mate, red soluble powder, used 
in epilepsy, neuralgia, etc. P. ox'ide, potassa. P. 
perman'ganate, potassii permanganas. P. protoar'- 
senite, arsenite of protoxide of potassium. P. proto- 
chlo'rate, potassii chloras. P. protoni'trate, potassii 
nitras. P. protox'ide, potassa. P. protox'ide, ni'- 
trate of, potassii nitras. P. protox'ide, superox'a- 
late of, potassa, oxalate of. P. protox'ide, supertar'- 
trate of, potassii supertartras. P. so'dium borotar'- 
trate, tartarus boraxatus. P. and so'dium tar'trate, 
see Sodii tartras. P. sozoi'odol, see Sozoiodol. P. 
sul'phate, potassii sulphas. P., sul'phite of, potassii 
sulphis. P. sulphocar'bonate, P. thiocarbonate. P., 
sul'phuret of, potassii sulphuretum. P., superpro- 
tosul'phate of, potassi supersulphas. P., tar'trate 
of, potassii tartras. P. tel'lurate, white soluble salt, 
used in night-sweats of pulmonary tuberculosis. 
Pota'to. Solanum tuberosum. P. bacil'lus, bacil- 
lus mesentericus vulgatus. P., Caroli'na, Convolvu- 
lus batatas. P. fly, lytta vitata. P., hog, Convolvu- 
lus panduratus. P. oil, see Oil, fusel. By distilling 
potato oil with anhydrous phosphoric acid a volatile, 
colorless, oily liquid is procured which is lighter 
than water and boils at 102°, called amylene or 
amylen. It is best prepared from fusel oil by the 
action of chloride of zinc. The vapor has been em- 
ployed as an anaesthetic; but it is seldom resorted to, 
on account of the danger of administering it. P. 
paste, paste made from boiled potatoes for the 
culture of bacteria. P. poul'tice, cataplasma f;ccu- 
losum. P., Span'ish, Convolvulus batatas. P. starch, 
a fecula from the potato; also called English arrow 
root. P. vine, wild, Convolvulus panduratus. P., 
wild, Convolvulus panduratus. 
Pot'belly. Physconia. 
Potecary, pot'e-ka-re. Apothecary. 
Potency, po'ten-se (potens, having power). Faculty. 
Potentia, po'ten-she-ah (potens, able). Force. P. or 
Potes'tas coeun'di, capability of copulation. P. or 
907 
POUND 
Potes'tas generan'di, power of procreation. P. irri'- 
tans, stimulus; anything which excites the animal 
economy. 
Potential, po-ten'shal (potentia). Epithet for reme- 
dies which, although energetic, do not act till some 
time after their application ; caustic alkalies, for in- 
stance, are called potential cauteries, in contradis- 
tinction to the hot iron, which is termed actual cau- 
tery. 
Potentilla, po-ten-til'lah (potentia). P. reptans. P. 
anseri'na, Argentine, Silverweed, Wild tansy, Moorgrass, 
ord. Eosaceae; the leaves are mildly astringent and 
tonic. P. argenti'na, P. anserina. P. impo'lita, P. 
anserina. P. neglec'ta, P. anserina. P. Norveg'ica, 
Norway cinquefoil, an indigenous plant possessed of 
similar properties to Potentilla anserina. P. palus'- 
tris, Comarum palustre. P. rep'tans, Common cinque- 
foil ; the roots are possessed of astringent properties. 
P. tormentil'la, tormentilla. 
Potentizing, po'ten-ti-zing (potentia). See Dy- 
namic. 
Poterium sanguisorba, po-ta're-um san-gwe-sor'bah 
(poterion). Pimpinella saxifraga. 
Potestas coeundi, po-tes'tas ko-e-un'de (power of 
copulating). Capability of copulation. 
Potex, po'teks (podex). Anus. 
Pothomorpha peltata, po-tho-mor'fah pel-tat'ah. 
Caapeba. Brazilian plant, ord. Piperaceae, possessed 
of diuretic properties, and given in strangury. P. 
umbella'ta, also called Caapeba, given in Brazil to 
modify nutrition, as in glandular affections, in which 
it is also used externally in the form of decoction. 
Pothopatridalgia, po-tho-pat-rid-al'je-ah (pothos, 
longing, patris, native land, algos, pain). Nostalgia. 
Pothos foetida, po'thos fe'tid-ah. Dracontium 
fcetidum. P. puto'rii, Dracontium fcetidum. 
Potimos, pot'e-mos. Potable. 
Po'tio. Drink; haustus; potion. P. cal'cis Car- 
bona'tis, mistura cretae. P. efferves'cens antiemet'- 
ica, potion of Eiverius. P. le'niens, looch ex ovo. 
P. oleo'sa, looch ex ovo. P. pice'a, see Pinus sylves- 
tris. P. Rive'rii citra'ta, potion of Eiverius. 
Potio'nis deside'rium (desire for drink). Thirst. 
Potiuncula, po-she-un'ku-lah (dim. of Potio). A 
draught. 
Potomania, po-to-man'e-ah (drink-madness) (potos, 
drink, mania). Delirium tremens. 
Potoparance'a. Pototromoparanoia. 
Po'tos. Potable. 
Pototroman'ia. Pototromoparanoia. 
Pototromoparanoia, po-to-tro-mo-par-an-oi'ah (po- 
tos, drink, tromos, trembling, paranoia, insanity). De- 
lirium tremens. 
Pot'ter's bronchitis, bron-ke'tis. Consumption, 
potter's. P.'s consumption, see Consumption, pot- 
ter's. 
Pot'tingar. Apothecary. 
Pott's an'eurism. Aneurismal varix; anastomotic 
aneurism. P.'s boss, see Vertebral disease. P.'s cur'- 
vature, see Vertebral disease. P.'s disease, vertebral 
osteitis; see Vertebral disease. P.'s frac'ture, see 
Fracture, Pott's. P.'s gan'grene, gangraena senilis. 
Po'tus (potos). Drink. P. Hippocrat'icus, claret. 
P. imperi'alis, imperial. 
Pouch of Doug'las. Eecto-vaginal pouch; see 
Uterus. P.,il'eo cae'cal, peritoneal folds at the ter- 
minal extremity of the ileum. P., in'guinal, perito- 
neal fold behind the inguinal ring. P., subcae'cal, 
peritoneal fold behind and beneath the caecum. P., 
u'tero-ves'ical, recess in the peritoneum between 
the uterus and bladder. P. of Web'er, vesicula pros- 
tatica. 
Pouched. Encysted. 
Pouch'es, larynge'al. See Laryngeal. P. of peri- 
tone 'um, peritoneal depressions; see Peritoneum. P., 
rectal, see Rectum. P., subcse'cal, fold of peritoneum 
behind and below the caecum. 
Poultice, pole'tis (pottos, porridge, pottage, pap). 
Cataplasm. See Cataplasm and Cataplasma. 
Pounce, pownce. Sandarac. 
Pound (of twelve oz.) (pondus, weight). Libra. A POUPART'S LIGAMENT 
weight, twelve ounces troy, sixteen ounces avoirdu- 
pois. See Weights and Measures. 
Poupart's (poo'par's) lig'ament. Crural arch. 
Pous. Foot. 
Pow'der. Pulvis. P. of al'oes with canel'la, pulvis 
aloes cum canella. P. of al'oes, com'pound, pulvis 
aloes compositus; pulvis sulphatis alumin® composi- 
tus. P., alum, com'pound, pulvis sulphatis aluminas 
compositus. P., antimo'nial, Chenevix's, antimonial 
powder. P., aromat'ic, pulvis cinnamomi composi- 
tus. P., aromat'ic, of chalk, see Confectio aromatica. 
P., arsenical, of C6me or Frdre Come, C6me's powder 
-a caustic-arsenious acid, gr. x; red sulphuret of 
mercury, gr. xl; powdered animal charcoal, gr. x; 
made into a paste with mucilage. P. of a'rum, com'- 
pound, pulvis de aro compositus. P. of as'arabacca, 
com'pound, pulvis asari compositus. P. of blad'der- 
wrack, yellow, pulvis quercus marinse. P., bleach'- 
ing, calcis chloridum. P., botanical, Chinese, see 
Falsifications, table of. P., camboge', pulvis e gummi 
gutta. P., Car'dinal del Lu'go's, cinchona. P., Cas- 
til'lon or Castil'hon, so called from the name of the 
physician who first proposed it. It is formed of sago, 
in powder, salep, in powder, tragacanth, in powder, 
each four parts, prepared oyster-shells, one part, cochi- 
neal, half a part, divided into powders of one drachm 
each, one of which is boiled in a pint of milk, and 
the decoction used ad libitum; demulcent in diarrhoea 
and dysentery. P. of cat'echu, com'pound, pulvis 
catechu compositus. P. of chalk, com'pound, pulvis 
cretae compositus. P. of chalk with o'pium, com'- 
pound, pulvis cretae compositus cum opio. P. of cin'- 
namon, com'pound, pulvis cinnamomi compositus. 
P., Gome's, powder, arsenical, of Come. P. of con- 
trayer'va, com'pound, pulvis contrayervae composi- 
tus. P., Countess of Kent's, cantianus pulvis. P., 
Coun'tess's, cinchona. P., Cy'prus, Hibiscus abel- 
moschus. P., Do'ver's, pulvis ipecacuanhae composi- 
tus. P. of Dupuy'tren, caus'tic, formed of 1 part 
of Arsenious acid and 200 parts of Mild chloride of 
mercury. Mild and manageable caustic for causing 
an eschar on exposed surfaces and in lupus, etc. 
P., efferves'cing, powder, soda. P., efferves'cing, 
ape'rient, powder, Seidlitz. P., gin'ger-beer, see 
Amomwn zingiber. P., gout, Duke of Portland's, 
pulvis ducis Portlandiae. P., gray, hydrargyrum 
cum creta. P. of harts'horn with o'pium, pulvis 
cornu cervi cum opio. P., in'sect, Caucasian or Per- 
sian ; see Anthemis pyrethrum. P. of ipecacuan'ha, 
com'pound, pulvis ipecacuanhae compositus. P. of 
jal'ap, com'pound, pulvis jalapae compositus. P., 
James's, see Antimonial powder. P., James's, facti- 
tious, antimonial powder. P., Jes'uits', cinchona. 
P. of ki'no, com'pound, pulvis kino compositus. P. 
of ki'no and o'pium, pulvis kino compositus. P. of 
lemonade', see Lemonade. P. of lic'orice, com'pound, 
pulvis glycyrrhizae compositus. P. of magne'sia, com'- 
pound, pulvis de magnesia compositus. P., myrrh, 
com'pound, pulvis myrrhae compositus. P., ni'trous, 
see Potassii nitras. P. of rhu'barb, com'pound, pulvis 
rhei compositus. P., Rochelle', see Powder, soda, 
and Sedlitz, mineral waters of. P., saline', com'pound, 
pulvis salinus compositus. P. of scam'mony and 
al'oes, pulvis scammonii cum aloe. P., scam'mony, 
com'pound, pulvis scammoneae compositus. P., Seid'- 
litz, Seidlitz or Sedlitz powder. P. of sen'na, com'- 
pound, pulvis sennae compositus. P., sneezing, see 
Veratrum album. P., so'da, Effervescing powder (sodae 
bicarb., 5vj, in tartaric acid, 3v; divide each powder 
into 12 equal parts, and keep the parts, severally, of 
the bicarbonate and acid in papers of different colors). 
Pleasant cooling drink, taken during effervescence. 
Sedlitz or Seidlitz powder, Rochelle powder, Aperient 
effervescing powder, Pulvis effervescens compositus (Ph. 
U. S.) (sodae bicarb, in pulv., ; potassae et sodae 
tartrat. in pulv., ; acid, tartar, in pulv., 3vij. 
Mix the bicarbonate with the tartrate and divide 
into 12 parts. Divide, also, the tartaric acid into 12 
parts. Keep the parts, severally, of the mixture and 
of the acid in separate papers of different colors). 
See Sedlitz, mineral waters of. P., spruce beer, see 
908 
PRXECORNU 
Spruce beer. P. of sym'pathy, sympathetic powder. 
P., tooth, dentifrice. P., trag'acanth, com'pound, 
pulvis tragacanth® compositus. P., Vich'y water, 
see Vichy, mineral waters of. P., Vien'na (equal parts 
of quicklime and potassa). In using it, it is made 
into a paste-Vienna paste, Pasta caustica Viennensis- 
with spirits of wine, and applied on the diseased part, 
previously circumscribed by a hole cut in sticking 
plaster; to be left on from 10 to 20 minutes, accord- 
ing to the depth of the eschar required. Used in 
cases of lupous ulceration. By fusing the potassa and 
lime, and raising the heat so as to cause ebullition, the 
caustic may be run into cylinders, when it is called 
Caustique Filhos, Causticum Viennense fusum Filhos, 
from the name of the author of the process. 
Power {posse, to be able). Faculty. P., inhe'rent, 
irritability. P., senso'rial, see Sensorial. P., ton'ic, 
irritability. 
Pox, poks. Syphilis; variola. P., black, see 
Variola. P., chicken, varicella. P. doc'tor, syphili- 
diater. P., French, syphilis. P., grease, see Grease. 
P., horn, see Varicella. P., horse, see Horse. P., 
nod'dle, syphilomania. P., small, variola. P., 
swine, see Varicella. P., water, see Varicella. 
P. p. Abbv. signifying punctum proximum, near 
point. 
P. r. Abbv. signifying punctum remotum, far point. 
Practice (prak'tis) of phys'ic. Therapeutics. 
Practitioner (prak-tish'un-er), gen'eral. Surgeon 
apothecary. P., irreg'ular, see Irregular. P., reg'u- 
lar, see Regular. P., routine', routinist. P., spe'cial, 
see Specialist. 
Pr®. In composition, before. 
Praebium, pre'be-um (prsebo. contracted from prie- 
hibeo, to offer, to allow). Dose. 
Praecautio, pre-kaw'she-o (pree, caveo, cautum, to 
guard against). Prophylaxis. 
Praecen'tral convolution. Ascending frontal con- 
volution of brain. 
Praecipitans, pre-sip'it-ans (prsecipito, to throw 
down). Absorbent. P. mag'num, sepia. 
Praecipitatum album, pre-sip-it-at'um al'bum 
(white precipitate). Hydrargyrum praecipitatum. 
P. ru'brum (red precipitate), hydrargyri nitrico- 
oxidum. 
Praecisio praeputii, pre-siz'e-o pre-pu'she-e (prseci- 
do, preecisum, to cut off). Circumcision. 
Praeclavicularis lateralis, pre-klav-ik-u-lar'is lat- 
er-al'is). Acromio-clavicularis muscle. P. me'dius, 
sterno-clavicularis muscle. P. subcuta'neus, muscu- 
lar fascicle, seldom met with, running from internal 
to external clavicular extremities in a fold of the 
fascia of the neck. 
Praecocia, pre-ko'she-ah {preecox, ripening early). 
Prunus Armeniaca. 
Praecocity, pre-kos'it-e. Precocity. 
Praecognitio, pre-kog-nish'e-o {prix, cognitio, know- 
ledge). Prognosis. 
Praecommissura, pre-kom-mis-shu'rah. Anterior 
commissure of brain. 
Praecordia, pre-kor'de-ah {pree, cor, heart). Dia- 
phragm ; thoracic viscera; epigastrium. 
Praecordial (pre-kor'de-al). In front of the heart. 
P. pain, described by patients as heart-burn, and 
referred to that region, but it does not have its origin 
in the heart. P. re'gion, the epigastric region. More 
properly, the region of the heart. A line drawn from 
the inferior margins of the third ribs across the ster- 
num passes over the valves of the pulmonary artery a 
little to the left of the mesial line, and those of the 
aorta are behind them, but about half an inch low'er 
down. A vertical line coinciding with the left mar- 
gin of the sternum has about one-third of the heart, 
comprising the upper portion of the right ventricle, 
on the right, and two-thirds, comprising the lower 
portion of the right ventricle and the whole of the 
left, on the left. This is the preecordial region. 
Prsecor'dium. Region in front of the heart. P. 
pe'dis, metatarsus. 
Praecornu, pre-kor'nu (prix, cornu, horn). Anterior 
horn of lateral ventricle of brain. PRXECOX MATURITAS 
Prsecox maturitas, pre'koks mat-u'rit-as. Pre- 
cocity. 
Prae cuneus, pre-ku'ne-us (prae, cuneus, wedge.) 
Quadrate lobule on the middle surface of the cerebral 
hemisphere. 
Praecustodia, pre-kus-to'de-ah (prae, custodio, to 
watch). Prophylaxis. 
Praediastolicus, pre-de-as-tol'ik-us. Prediastolic. 
Praedictio, pre-dik'she-o (prae, dico, dictum, to say). 
Prognosis. 
Praedispositio, pre-dis-po-zish'e-o. Predisposition. 
Prsedivinatio, pre-div-in-ah'she-o (prae, divino, to 
divine). Mantia. 
Praedomlnium, pre-do-min'e-um (prae, domo, to sub- 
due). Predominance of one thing over another. P. 
a'quas, predominance of watery fluid. P. san'guinis 
arterio'si, predominance of arterial blood. P. san'- 
guinis veno'si, predominance of venous blood. 
Praefoca'tio (praefoco, to strangle). Orthopnoea; 
suffocation. P. fau'cium, see Angone. P. matrl'cis, 
angone. P. uteri'na, see Angone. 
Praefocation, pre-fo-ka'shun. Strangulation. P., 
u'terine, see Angone. 
Praeformatio, pre-for-mah'she-o. Preformation. 
Praegeniculatum, pre-jen-ik-u-lat'um. External 
corpus geniculatum. 
Praegnans (preg'nans) or Praeg'nas. Pregnant. 
Praegnatio (preg-nash'e-o) or Praegnatus, preg-nat'- 
us. Fecundation; pregnancy. 
Praegnax, preg'naks. Pregnant. 
Praegustatio, pre-gus-tah'she-o (prae, gusto, to taste). 
Foretaste. 
Praehensio, pre-hen'se-o. Prehension. 
Praelingua, pre-lin'gwah. The anterior part or tip 
of the tongue. 
Praelium, pre'le-um (contest). Coition. 
Praelum, pre'lum. Press; tourniquet. P. arteri- 
a'le, tourniquet. 
Praelumbaris, pre-lum-bar'is. Prelumbar. 
Praelumbo-suprapubianus, pre-lum'bo-su-prah-pu- 
be-an'us. Psoas minor muscle. 
Praemedulla, pre-med-ul'lah. Medulla oblongata. 
Praemonitorius, pre-mon-e-to're-us (prae, moneo, to 
admonish). Precursory. 
Praemorphismus, pre-mor-fiz'mus. Premorphism. 
Praenaris, pre-nah'ris. Anterior opening of nasal 
chamber. 
Praenotio, pre-no'she-o (prae, nosco, to know). 
Prognosis. 
Praenuntiatio, pre-nun-she-ah'she-o (prae, nuntio, to 
announce). Prognosis. 
Prae-occipital (pre-ok-sip'it-al) notch. Notch indi- 
cating division between occipital and temporal lobes 
of brain. 
Praeparantes (prep-ar-an'tees) arte'riaa (from being 
presumed to prepare the sperm). Spermatic arteries. 
Praeparata (prep-ar-ah'tah) ve'na. See Facial vein. 
Praeparatio, prep-ar-ah'she-o(pra?,paro, to prepare). 
Preparation. P. chy'li, chylification. 
Praeparatum, prep-ar-at'um. Preparation. 
Praepedunculus, pre-pe-dun'ku-lus. Superior pe- 
duncle of cerebellum. 
Praeperforatus, pre-per-fo-rah'tus. Anterior perfo- 
rated space at base of brain. 
Praeperitoneal, pre-per-e-to-ne'al. Situated ante- 
rior to the peritoneum. 
Praepotentia, pre-po-ten'she-ah (prae, potens, pow- 
erful). Great power or strength. P. viri'lis, great 
or too great procreative power on the part of the 
male. 
Praepotio, pre-po'she-o (prae, potio, drink). Propo- 
tismus. 
Praepubic (pre-pu'bik) an'gle. Bend in urethra 
anterior to pubis when the penis is in a flaccid con- 
dition. 
Praeputialis, pre-pu-she-ah'lis. Preputial. 
Praeputii ductio, pre-pu'she-e duk'she-o. Mastur- 
bation. 
Praeputium, pre-pu'she-um. Prepuce. P. clitor'- 
idis, see Prepuce. 
Praerectalis, pre-rek-tal'is. Prerectal. 
909 
PRECIPITATED 
Praesagium, pre-saj'e-um (prae, sagio, to perceive 
quickly). Mantia. 
Praescapula, pre-skap'u-lah. Part of scapula above 
the spine. 
Prae scapular (pre-skap'u-lar) fos'sa. Fossa supra- 
spinalis. 
Praescientia, pre-se-en'she-ah (prae, scio, to know). 
Prognosis. 
Praescitio, pre-sizh'e-o (prae, scio, to know). Prog- 
nosis. 
Praescriptio, pre-skrip'she-o. Prescription. 
Praescriptum, pre-skrip'tum. Prescription. 
Praesepiolum, pre-sep-e'o-lum (dim. of Praesepium). 
Alveolus. 
Praesepium, pre-se'pe-um (pra?, sepcs, enclosure). 
Alveolus. 
Praeservatio, pre-ser-vah'she-o (prae, servo, to save). 
Prophylaxis. 
Praeservativum, pre-ser-vat-e'vum. Amuletum. 
Praeservatoria indicatio, pre-ser-vat-o're-ah in-dik- 
ah'she-o. Preservative indication; one proper for 
preventing the development of disease. 
Praeservatorius, pre-ser-vat-o're-us. Prophylactic. 
Prae spinalis, pre-spin-al'is. Prespinal. 
Prae-Syl'vian sul'cus. Sulcus prae-Sylvius cerebri. 
Praetibialis, pre-tib-e-al'is. Pretibial. 
Praevia, pre've-ah (prae, via, way). See Placenta. 
Prai'rie bush, stinking. Ptelea trifoliata. P. 
dock, Parthenium integrifolium. P. hys'sop, Pyc- 
nanthemum lanceolatum; indigenous ; plant possess- 
ing stimulating, diaphoretic, and carminative proper- 
ties. P. in'digo, reputed to possess emetic, purgative, 
and, externally, stimulating qualities. P. itch, see 
Itch. P. pines, Liatris scabiosa. 
Prasinum viride, pras'in-um vir'id-e (leek green). 
Cupri subacetas. 
Prasinus, pras'in-us (prasinos, green as a leek). 
Porraceous. 
Prasium, prah'se-um. Marrubium. 
Prasum, prah'sum. AUium porrum. 
P. rat. set. Abbr. for pro ratione aetatis, accord- 
ing to age of patient. 
Pravaz's syringe. Syringe for hypodermatic in- 
jections. 
Praxis, praks'is. Action. P. med'ica, the practi- 
cal exercise of the healing art. 
Pre-aortic, pre-a-or'tik (prae, aorta). Situate in 
front of the aorta; the pre-aortic plexuses of the great 
sympathetic, for example. 
Pre-arytenoideus, pre-ar-it-en-o-id'e-us. Crico- 
arytenoideus lateralis muscle. 
Pre-ataxic, pre-a-taks'ik (pre, a, taxis, order). Re- 
ferring to time previous to development of ataxia. 
Pre-axial, pre-aks'e-al (pre, axis). In the study of 
the spinal skeleton of man and animals, all parts in 
man which are relatively superior, and in beast an- 
terior to an imaginary axis drawn at right angles to 
the general direction of the backbone, are called pre- 
axial. Parts relatively inferior in man and posterior 
in other animals are called post-axial. 
Precava, pre-kav'ah. Vena cava superior. 
Precerebellar (pre-ser-e-bel'lar) ar'tery. Superior 
cerebellar artery. 
Precerebral (pre-ser'e-bral) ar'tery. Anterior cer- 
ebral artery. 
Precho'rioid or Prechoroid (pre-ko'roid) ar'teries. 
Anterior choroid arteries. 
Precommunicant (pre-kom-mu'ne-kant) ar'tery. 
Anterior communicating artery. 
Precipitate, pre-sip'it-ate. See Precipitation. P., 
red, hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. P., white, hydrar- 
gyrum praecipitatum. 
Precipitated (pre-sip'it-a-ted) cal'cium ca'rbon- 
ate. Calcii carbonas praecipitatus. Powder having 
astringent and antacid properties. P. cal'cium 
phos'phate, calcii phosphas praecipitatus; bone phos- 
phate. P. car'bonate of iron, ferri carbonas prae- 
cipitatus or sesquioxide of iron. P. car'bonate of 
zinc, zinci carbonas praecipitatus; white powder de- 
rived from solution of zinc sulphate by precipitating 
with sodium carbonate; absorbent and protective. PRECIPITATION 
P. fer'rous sul'phate, ferri sulphas prsecipitatus. P. 
sul'phur, sulphur prsecipitatum. 
Precipitation, pre-sip-it-a'shun (praecipito, to throw 
headlong). The action by which a body abandons a 
liquid in which it is dissolved and becomes deposited 
at the bottom of the vessel. The matter so thrown 
down or precipitated is called a precipitate. 
Precocity, pre-kos'it-e (praecox, ripening early). 
Precociousness, Precocious maturity. Rapid develop- 
ment before the usual time. See Prceotia. 
Precoracoid, pre-kor'a-koid (pre, coracoid). The 
sternal epiphysis of the clavicle. 
Precordial, pre-kor'de-al. Praecordial. 
Precuneus, pre-ku'ne-us (prae, cuneus, wedge). Lo- 
bus quadratus of brain. 
Precursory, pre-kur'so-re (prae, curro, to run). 
Premonitory. That which precedes or foretells. P. 
or Premonitory signs or symp'toms, those indicat- 
ing an approaching disease. 
Prediastolic, pre-de-a-stol'ik (prae, diastole). That 
which precedes the diastole of the heart-as predias- 
tolic friction sound. 
Predicrotic (pre-di-krot'ik) wave. Wave preced- 
ing dicrotic wave, as indicated by sphygmogram. 
Predigastricus, pre-de-gas'trik-us. Anterior belly 
of the digastricus. 
Predilata'tor. Anterior dilatator naris. 
Predisponent (pre-dis-po'nent) or Predispo'sing 
causes. See Causes, predisponent. 
Predisposing, pre-dis-po'zing (prae, dispono, to put 
in order). Making liable or susceptible, as predispos- 
ing cause of disease. 
Predisposition, pre-dis-po-zish'un (prae, dispono, to 
dispose). Constitution or condition of the body which 
disposes it to the action of disease under the applica- 
tion of an exciting cause. Thus, in hereditary dis- 
eases the conformation is such that but a slight ex- 
citing cause may be required to produce them. When 
the disease arises solely from the predisposition, or 
under the additional influence of an extremely 
slight exciting cause, it is by some termed a dispo- 
sition. 
Predorsal, pre-d or'sal (prae, dorsum, back). That 
which is in front of the back. P. re'gion of the ver- 
tebral column is the anterior surface of the dorsal 
region. 
Pre-existence (pre-eks-ist'ence) of germs. See 
Preformation. 
Preformation, pre-for-ma'shun (prae, before, forma- 
tion, the act of forming). Ancient theory of genera- 
tion which maintained that the germs of every part 
exist, but not visibly, before fecundation, and that 
fecundation occasions their development. It was the 
doctrine of pre-existence of germs. 
Preformative (pre-for'ma-tiv) mem'brane. See 
Membrana praeformation. 
Prefrontal, pre-fron'tal (prae, frontalis, frontal). 
Term applied by Owen to the middle part of the 
ethmoid bone. P. lobe, that portion of frontal lobe 
situate anterior to the ascending convolution. 
Pregnancy, preg'nan-see (preegnans, pregnant). 
Gestation, Fcetation, Ingravidation, Gravidity, Utero- 
gestation. State of a female who has within her 
a fecundated germ, which gradually becomes devel- 
oped in or out of the uterus. When placed in the 
cavity of the uterus, by virtue of the vital force by 
which it is animated it becomes attached to the inner 
surface of that viscus, and obtains from it indirectly 
the nutriment necessary for its gradual development, 
during the space of ten lunar months or two hundred 
and eighty days-the ordinary term or duration of 
gestation, although the period may be protracted to 
three hundred days or upward-at the expiration of 
which parturition occurs. Pregnancy is commonly 
limited to a single foetus; at times the uterus con- 
tains two or three. See Reproduction. Occasionally, 
one or two moles-the degenerated products of con- 
ception-alone occupy the uterus; at other times a 
foetus likewise exists. In certain cases, and owing to 
accidental circumstances, the fecundated ovum re- 
mains in the ovarium or is arrested in the Fallopian 
910 
PREGNANCY 
tube. Pregnancy has, accordingly, been distinguished 
into natural or uterine, when the foetus is carried in 
the cavity of the womb; preternatural or extra-ute- 
rine, when it occurs in the ovarium, tube, or cavity 
of the abdomen. 
During pregnancy the female experiences remark- 
able changes in the condition of her organs and func- 
tions. The genital apparatus is, of course, most af- 
fected. The uterus changes its shape, situation, size, 
and texture. The usual signs of pregnancy are: Sup- 
pression of the catamenia; the abdomen gradually 
enlarging and forming a hard tumor; the umbilicus 
prominent in the latter months; the breasts increas- 
ing in size; the areola around the nipple becoming 
darker, and the follicles more developed; kyestein. 
in the urine from an early period; a bluish tint of 
the vagina after the fourth week; about the fifth 
month the evidence by ballottement, the placental 
souffle, and the sound of the fcetal heart heard on 
auscultation; the motion of the foetus perceptible, and 
the neck of the uterus diminishing in length at the 
advanced periods. P., abdom'inal, that in which the 
ovum has escaped into the cavity of the abdomen. P., 
afoe'tal, Pregnancy without a foetus; produced by a false 
or degenerate conception or any other affection which 
has given place to unusual development of the uterus. 
Included in this class are sarcohysteric, hydrohysteric, 
gazohysteric, and hsematohysteric pregnancies, accord- 
ing to the contents, whether flesh, wrater (cystic), gas, 
or blood. P., bigem'inal, Double pregnancy; twins 
in utero. P., cer'vical, when the development of 
the ovum takes place in the canal of the cervix 
uteri. P., com'plex, when the womb, besides the 
fcetus, contains much water, hydatids, a mole, etc. 
P., com'pound, when there are two or three foetuses 
in the cavity of the uterus. P., doub'le, pregnancy, 
bigeminal. P., dura'tion of, see Pregnancy. P., 
extra-u'terine, see Pregnancy. P., false, different 
affections of a more or less serious character which 
resemble pregnancy. Seated in the uterus or its 
dependencies, in the intestines or some other part of 
the abdomen, there may be a mole, hydatids, water, 
blood, or polypus distending the parietes of the 
uterus-chronic enlargement of the uterus; develop- 
ment of tumors, etc. in its substance; scirrhus; 
dropsy of the ovaria; ascites; tympanites, etc. P., 
foe'tal, in which there is a fcetus, or more than one, 
in the uterus or out of it. P., gazohyster'ic, fcetal 
pregnancy caused by development of air or gas in 
the cavity of the womb. P., hsemohyster'ic, foetal 
pregnancy caused by accumulation of blood in the 
uterus. P., hydrohyster'ic, fcetal pregnancy occa- 
sioned by the secretion and accumulation of serous 
fluid in the uterus. P., intermu'ral or intramu'ral, 
P., interstitial. P., interstit'ial, Intermural or Intra- 
mural pregnancy or foetation; the development of the 
embryo in the proper substance of the uterus. The 
case generally terminates fatally at an early period 
of gestation; the thin external paries of the uterus 
being ruptured, and the ovum passing into the abdom- 
inal cavity. P., mole, see Mole. P., mor'bid, the prog- 
ress of pregnancy disturbed or endangered by the su- 
pervention of general or local disorder. P., mul'tiple, 
when the uterus contains several foetuses. P., ova'rian, 
pregnancy in which the fcetus is developed in the in- 
terior of the ovary. P., plea of, a plea which a 
woman, capitally convicted, may set up in arrest of 
execution until she is delivered; see Jury of matrons 
and De ventre inspiciendo. P., plu'ral, when more 
than one fcetus is developed in the uterus at the same 
time. P., pretend'ed, criminal act of a female who, 
not having been delivered, presents an infant as 
having been born of her. This term, in French, like- 
wise includes the case of a female who, having been 
delivered of a dead child, substitutes for it a living 
child which is not hers. P., sarcofoe'tal, in which 
there are one or more foetuses and one or more moles. 
P., sarcohyster'ic, fcetal pregnancy formed by moles, 
hydatids, or a false conception. P., sol'itary, in this 
there is a single foetus. P., trigem'Inal, in which 
there are three foetuses in the cavity of the uterus. PREGNANT 
P., tu'bal, the foetus remains and is developed in the 
Fallopian tube. P., tu'bo-abdom'inal, when the 
foetus is developed in the Fallopian tube and extends 
into the cavity of the abdomen. P., tu'bo-u'terine, 
P., interstitial. P.,u'terine, see Pregnancy. P.,u'tero- 
abdom'inal, pregnancy consisting of two foetuses- 
one in the uterus, the other in the abdominal cavity. 
P., u'tero-ova'rial, pregnancy with two foetuses-one 
in the womb, the other in the ovary. P., uterotu'- 
bal, there is at the same time a foetus in the womb 
and another in the Fallopian tube. 
Preg'nant. Gravid, Breeding. One in a state of 
pregnancy; one with child. 
Prehensile, pre-hen'sil. Parts capable of seizing or 
grasping, as the hands. 
Prehensio, pre-hen'se-o {prehendo, prehensum, to 
lay hold of). Prehension, catalepsy; epilepsy. Act 
of laying hold of. Prehension of food is the act of seiz- 
ing and carrying it to the mouth and introducing it 
into that cavity. 
Pre'lum. Press. P. abdomina'le, abdominal pres- 
sure ; expulsive force exercised by contraction of mus- 
cles on contents of abdomen and pelvic cavities. P. 
arteria'le, tourniquet. 
Prelumbar, pre-lum'bar {prse, lumbi, the loins). 
That which is placed before the loins. Prelumbar 
surface of the spinal column is the anterior surface 
of the lumbar portion. 
Premature (pre'ma-ture) la'bor. See Parturition. 
P. respira'tion, respiration occurring before foetus is 
completely born. 
Premaxilla (pre-maks-il'lah) or Premaxillary (pre- 
maks'il-la-re) bone. Intermaxillary bone of the 
mammalia (except man). See Intermaxillary. 
Prem'na Taiten'sis {premnon, a stump). Nat. ord. 
Verbena cose. Shrub or tree of the Fiji Islands; bark 
is used in preparing the drug tonga. 
Premolar, pre-mo'lar {prse, molar es). See Molar 
teeth. 
Premonitory, pre-m on'it-o-re {prse, moneo, to ad- 
monish). See Precursory. 
Premorphism, pre-morf'izm {prse, morphe, shape). 
The aggregate of laws by which a new formation is 
developed from the primordial cell. 
Prenanthes, pre-nan'thees {prenes, bending down- 
ward, anthos, flower). Gall of the earth, Dewitt snake- 
root, Lion's foot. Indigenous plant, whose root and 
milky juice are very bitter. Used in popular prac- 
tice in dysentery, and in the form of cataplasm to 
bites of serpents. P. al'ba, Nabalus albus. P. ser- 
penta'ria, Nabalus albus. 
Pre-occupa'tion. Condition of mind symptomatic 
of some forms of insanity, in which the patient is 
thoroughly absorbed in his own thoughts, so that he 
cannot be roused. 
Pre-operculum, pre-o-per'ku-lum {pre, operculum, 
cover or lid, the gill-cover). Part of the squamous 
portion of the temporal bone which, as it descends 
from the cranium in bony fishes, becomes merely 
part of the gill-cover flap. 
Pre-osseous, pre-os'se-us {prse, os, bone). Term ap- 
plied to substance possessing properties of osseine, 
from which bone is formed. 
Preparation, prep-ar-a'shun {prse, paro, paratum, 
to get ready). Act of making ready any substance 
whatever that has to be employed for any purpose. 
Also the product of any pharmaceutical operation. 
Prseparatum. Any part of a body preserved for the 
use of the anatomist, or others, is also so called. 
Prepared'. Ready for use. P. bar'ley flour, fa- 
rina hordei prseparata. Barley flour subjected to 
steam bath. P. cal'amine, calamina prseparata; see 
Calamina. P. chalk, creta prseparata. Chalk freed 
from impurities by pulverization, levigation, and 
elutriation, forming white powder. P. oys'ter-shell, 
testa praeparata; the inner powdered shell of ostrea 
edulis or oyster. P. sto'rax, styrax prseparatus; see 
Styrax. P. su'et, sevum prseparatum; see Sevum prse- 
paratum. 
Pre'puce (said to be from prse, puto, to cut off, or 
from puteo, to smell, or from prse, pudendum; per- 
911 
PRESCRIPTION 
haps from pro or prae-, postilion, penis). Foreskin. 
The prolongation of the integuments of the penis 
which cover the glans. It is composed of two 
membranous layers: one external or cutaneous; 
the other internal or mucous, separated by areolar 
membrane. The mucous membrane lines the inner 
surface of the cutaneous layer till beyond the glans, 
when it is reflected over the latter, forming, behind 
the corona, a small cul-de-sac, above the corpora cav- 
ernosa, which is interrupted by a triangular dupli- 
cature of the mucous membrane, called the fraenum, 
fixed in the furrows at the inferior part of the glans, 
and terminating at a little distance from the orifice 
of the urethra. The clitoris is covered by a semilu- 
nar fold formed by a continuation of the skin of the 
labia. It is called Praeputium clitoridis. P. of the 
clit'oris, see Prepuce and Clitoris. 
Preputial, pre-pu'shal. Belonging or relating to 
the prepuce; as the preputial secretion, or that which 
takes place from the lining of the prepuce covering 
the glans. P. her'pes, herpes prieputialis. 
Prepyramid, pre-pir'a-mid. Anterior pyramid of 
medulla oblongata. 
Prerectal, pre-rek'tal (prae, rectum). Term applied 
to that which is in front of the rectum. Prerectal 
lithotomy is Nelaton's modification of the bilateral 
operation, a careful dissection being made in front of 
the rectum, so as to open the urethra at the apex 
of the prostate without coming in contact with the 
bulb. 
Presbycousis (pres-be-ku'sis) or Presbykou'sis 
(presbus, old, akouo, to hear). Decrease of hearing 
power due to old age. 
Presbyodochium, pres-be-o-dok-e'um (presbus, old, 
dechomai, to receive). Hospital for the aged. Hy- 
giene of old people. 
Presbyonosi, pres-be-on'o-se (presbus, old, nosos, 
disease). Diseases of old age. 
Presbyope, pres'be-ope (presbus, old, ops, eye). One 
who is long-sighted or affected with presbyopia. 
Presbyopia, pres-be-o'pe-ah. Presbytia. 
Presbyopic, pres-be-op'ik. Presbytic. Relating or 
belonging to presbyopia or long-sightedness. 
Presbysphacelus, pres-be-sfas'el-us (presbus, old, 
sphakelus, gangrene), Gangrene of old people. 
Presbytia, pres-bish'e-ah (presbutes, old person). 
Presbyopy. Condition of vision, common in old persons, 
which consists in the circumstance of near objects 
being confusedly seen, while those at a greater dis- 
tance are clearly distinguished. It depends generally 
on diminution of the convexity of the cornea, whence 
results an alteration in the convergency of the rays, 
so that they form a focus behind the retina. This 
defect is remedied by the use of convex glasses, 
which augment the convergence of the luminous 
rays. Also called Long-sightedness, Far-sightedness. 
A very high degree is termed Hyperpresbytia. The 
term presbyopia is sometimes limited to the condi- 
tion in which-as the result of increase of years- 
the range of accommodation is diminished and the 
range of near objects interfered with. See Hyper- 
metropia. 
Prescapular fossa, pre-skap'u-lar fos'sah. Supra- 
spinous fossa. 
Prescapularis, pre-skap-u-lar'is. Supraspinatus 
muscle. 
Prescription, pre-skrip'shun (prae, scribo, scrip- 
turn, to write). Receipt. Formula which the physi- 
cian writes for the composition of medicines adapted 
to any case of disease. A prescription should be as 
simple as possible, and should bear upon its face the 
evidence of the objects to be fulfilled by it. No ar- 
ticle should form part of it unless adapted for serving 
some useful purpose. A compound prescription has 
been divided into four parts: the basis, or principal 
ingredient of the prescription; the adjuvant, or that 
which is designed to promote the action of the 
former; the corrigent, or that intended to correct its 
operation or obviate any unpleasant symptom which 
it may be apt to produce; and the constituent, excip- 
ient, or vehicle, the substance which gives to the PRESENTATION 
other ingredients consistence or form. All these are 
seen in the following formula for cathartic pills: 
ty-Aloes, 5j . . . . Basis. 
Hydrarg. chlorid. mit, gr. x . . . Adjuvant. 
Olei carui, gtt. v . . Comment. 
Syrupi, q. s. . . . Constituent. 
M. et fiant piluke xx. 
It is obvious, however, that most prescriptions are 
more simple than this. The basis, for example, may 
require neither adjuvant, corrigent, nor constituent. 
See Symbol. 
Presentation, pres-en-ta'shun (prse, before, ens, 
entis, being). Part of a fcetus which is felt pre- 
912 
PRIMARIES 
senting on examination per vaginam. When the 
head presents, and especially the vertex, or the feet, 
knees, or breech, the presentation is said to be nat- 
ural ; when any other part, preternatural, and the 
labor is styled perverse or preternatural cross-birth. 
When any part besides the head, feet, knees, or 
breech presents, the operation of turning becomes 
necessary. When a portion of the presenting mass 
of the foetus becomes changed for another in com- 
plicated presentations, the case has been termed one 
of substituted presentation. 
The six positions of the cranium, in a presentation 
of the head, usually recognized are three occipito- 
anterior and three occipito-posterior: 
First position 
Second position .... 
Third position .... 
Head in right oblique diameter; 
forehead backward. 
Head in left oblique diameter; 
forehead backward. 
Occipito-anterior 
Head in antero-posterior diam- 
eter; forehead backward. 
Fourth position .... 
Fifth position 
Sixth position 
Head in right oblique diameter; 
forehead forward. 
Head in left oblique diameter; 
forehead forward. 
Occipito-posterior 
Head in antero-posterior diam- 
eter; forehead forward. 
Preservative, pre-zur'va-tiv (pre, servo, to serve). 
Prophylactic. 
Pre'sis. Swelling. 
Presma, pres'mah. Swelling. 
Presphenoid (pre-sfe'noid) bone. Anterior portion 
of the sphenoid bone in infancy, including the body 
in front of the olivary processes and the small wings. 
I-n animals this division sometimes persists through 
life. 
Prespinal, pre-spi'nal (pre, spina, the spine). Sit- 
uate before the spine; the prespinal surface of the 
vertebral column is the anterior surface. 
Press (premo, pressum, to squeeze). Instrument for 
subjecting matters to considerable pressure for sepa- 
ration of the liquid from the solid portion. P. of 
Heroph'ilus, torcular Herophili. 
Presse-artdre (F.), press-ar-tair'. Instrument in- 
vented by Deschamps for the immediate compression 
of arteries. 
Pres'sio (premo, pressum, to press). Pressure. 
Pres'sor fibres. Nerve-fibres capable of stimulating 
the vasomotor centres and increasing arterial ten- 
sion. 
Pressorium, pres-so're-um. Press. 
Pressure, presh'ur. Action of pressing. Evidences 
of the effects produced on the walls of the thorax 
or its contents by pressure from within the chest, 
such as bulging, protrusion of the intercostal spaces, 
or pressure of fluid on the heart, lungs, etc., are called 
pressure signs. P., abdom'inal, mode of examination 
as to sensibility, size, suppleness, or hardness of any 
morbid abdominal viscus by exerting a pressure from 
below upward on the abdominal organs so as to crowd 
them upon the diaphragm, and thus to iminish the 
dimensions of the cavity of the chest, noticing to 
what extent respiration is affected; see Prelum ab- 
dominale. P. arresting points, certain points pres- 
sure on which in spasmodic affections causes the 
spasm or convulsion to cease, as in facial spasm. P. 
excising points, points pressure on which produces 
spasm or convulsion. P. myeli'tis, see Myelitis. P. 
phos'phenes, see Phospbenes. P. points, see P. arrest- 
ing and P. exciting points. P. signs, see Pressure. 
Presternum, pre-ster'num. Broad upper part of the 
sternum, usually called the manubrium. See Ster- 
num. 
Presystolic, pre-sis-tol'ik (pre, systole). Preceding 
the contraction of the heart-as presystolic friction 
sound. 
Pretend'ed diseases. See Feigned diseases. 
Pretibial, pre-tib'e-al (pre, tibia, tibia). Situate 
before the tibia, as the iliopretibial and ischiopretibial 
muscles. 
Preventive, pre-ven'tiv (prsevenio, preeventum, to 
come before). Prophylactic. 
Prevertebral, pre-vur'te-bral (pre, vertebra). Sit- 
uate in front of the vertebrae. P. aponeuro'sis, the 
aponeurosis covering the muscles of the prevertebral 
region. P. ar'tery, ramus of the meningeal branch, 
and sometimes even of the trunk, of the pharyngeal 
artery, which is distributed to the prevertebral region. 
P. fas'cia, the layer of fascia descending on the pre- 
vertebral muscles and lying between the pharynx 
and oesophagus. P. mus'cles, see Cervical region, an- 
terior. P. plex'uses, the cardiac, solar, and hypogas- 
tric plexuses, lying in front of the spine, in the tho- 
rax, abdomen, and pelvis. P. re'gion, anterior cer- 
vical region. 
Prezygapophysis, pre-zig-ap-of'is-is. See Postzyg- 
apophysis. 
Priapeia, pre-ap-ei'ah (after Priapus). Nicotiana 
rustica. 
Priapiscus, pre-ap-is'kus. Tent of linen shaped 
like a penis. 
Priapism, pri'ap-izm (after Priapus). A condition 
of constant and distressing erection, with or without 
any voluptuous idea or desire for venery; often 
symptomatic, and sometimes the immediate result 
of morbific causes-of the action of cantharides, for 
example. 
Priapitis, pre-ap-e'tis (priapos, penis, itis). Inflam- 
mation of the penis; phallitis. 
Priapus, pre'ap-us (Priapos). In ancient mythology, 
the deity who presided over gardens and the parts of 
generation; see Penis. P. cer'vi, see Cervus. P. ce'ti, 
leviathan penis. 
Prick'et. Sedum acre. 
Prick'ing. A variety of pain compared to that 
which pointed bodies would occasion. 
Prick'le cells. Certain cells found in the rete 
Malpighii of the skin. P. lay'er, inner layer of epi- 
dermis. 
Prick'ly ash. See Xanthoxylum. P. heat, lichen 
tropicus; miliaria. P. el'der, see Aralia spinosa. P. 
let'tuce, Lactuca virosa. P. pear, see Cactus opuntia. 
P- pop'py, see Argemone Mexicana. 
Pride of Chi'na. Melia azedarach. P. of In'dia, 
Melia azedarach. P. tree, Melia azedarach. 
Pride'weed. Erigeron Canadense. 
Priest physic'ians. See Asclepiadse. 
Priest's crown. Taraxacum. P.'s pin'tle, Arum 
macula turn. 
Prim. Ligustrum vulgare. 
Prima cella coli, pre'mah sel'lah ko'le (first cell of 
the colon). Caecum. 
Primse vise, pre'mah ve'e (the first passages). The 
stomach and intestinal canal; the lacteals being the 
secundee vise or second passages. 
Primaries, pri'ma-ries. Term applied to syphilitic 
lesions resulting from contact or infection. PRIMARY 
Pri'mary (primus, first). First in place, time, or 
character; as primary symptoms in contradistinction 
to secondary. P. cell, see Cell. P. joint, amphiar- 
throsis. P. lat'eral sclero'sis, sclerosis of lateral 
column of spinal cord, causing spastic paralysis. P. 
mus'cular at'rophy, myopathic atrophy. P. spas'tic 
paral'ysis, condition similar to that due to myelitis 
transversalis; generally considered to be due to pri- 
mary degeneration of pyramidal tract. P. sul'ci, those 
appearing first upon brain of embryo. P. ver'tebra, 
first rudiment of a vertebra formed in the embryo. 
Primigravida, prim-e-grav'id-ah. Woman in her 
first pregnancy. 
Primipara, prim-ip'ar-ah (primus, first, pario, to 
bring forth). Female who brings forth for the first 
time, who is thus said to be primiparous. 
Primipartu'riens (primus, first, parturio, to bring 
forth). Primipara. 
Primister'nal (primus, first, sternon, sternum). The 
bony portion of the sternum. 
Primitise, prim-ish'e-e (primus, first). First waters, 
or the waters discharged before the extrusion of the 
foetus. 
Primitive, prim'i-tiv. Primary. P. ax'is, see 
Nerve-fibres. P. band, see Nerve-fibres. P. carot'id 
ar'tery, common carotid artery. P. cho'rion, see 
Chorion. P. groove, primitive groove. P. il'iac ar'- 
tery, common iliac artery. P. streak, primitive 
groove. P. trace, primitive groove. 
Primordial (pri-mor'de-al) cell. See Cell. P. cra'- 
nium, membranous skull of embryo. P. kid'ney, 
corpus Wolfiianum. P. o'va, cells situate between 
germinal epithelium of embryological ovary, which 
later becomes an egg-shell. P. u'tricle, see Utricle. 
P. ver'tebrse, protovertebrae. 
Primordium, prim-or'de-um (primus, ordior, orsus, 
to begin). First attack of a disease. 
Prim'rose, evening. CEnothera biennis. P. tree, 
(Enothera biennis. 
Primula officinalis, prim'u-lah of-fis-in-al'is (prim- 
ulus, first, so called because it flowers in the begin- 
ning of the spring). P. veris. P. varia'bilis, P. 
veris. P. ve'ris, Cowslip, Paigil or People, Herb Peter, 
Palsy wort; ord. Primulaceae. Flowers have been 
considered to be mildly tonic, antispasmodic, and 
anodyne. P. vulga'ris, leaves and roots of this plant 
have been used as sternutatories. 
Primum vivens, pre'mum ve'vens (the first living). 
See Punctum saliens. 
Primus quadrigeminus, pre'muskwad-re-jem'in-us. 
Pyramidalis muscle. 
Princeps, prin'seps. Rectum. P. cervl'cis (arte'- 
ria), Cervical artery; branch of the occipital artery 
which descends between the splenius and complexus 
muscles, and may be followed down to the lower part 
of the neck. P. pol'licis (arte'ria), when the two 
collateral arteries of the thumb take origin from a 
common trunk, the trunk is the princeps pollicis. 
Prince's feath'er. Amaranthus hypochondriacus. 
P.'s pine, Chimaphila umbellata. 
Prin'cipal fo'ci. Two points in every refractory 
system. P. planes of space consist of median plane, 
the main horizontal, and frontal planes of space. P. 
points, in optics a lens or combination of lenses. 
Principium, prin-sip'e-um (beginning, princeps, 
first). First attack of a disease; element; principle. 
P. acid'ificans, oxygen. P. adstrin'gens, tannin. 
P. byrsodep'sicum, tannin. P. coria'ceum, tannin. 
P. hydrogenet'icum, hydrogen. P. hydrot'icum, 
hydrogen. P. oxyg'enans, oxygen. P. saliva'le, see 
Saliva. P. scytodep'sicum, tannin. P. urino'sum, 
urea. 
Principle, prin'si-p'l (princeps, first). Element; 
principium. P., col'oring, of the blood, see Hee- 
maphsein and Hematin. P., diges'tive, pepsin. P., 
vi'tal, see Vital principle. 
Prin'ciples, imme'diate. Name given to a con- 
siderable number of substances composed of at least 
three elements, and obtained from animals and vege- 
tables without alteration by simple processes, and in 
some measure immediately. P., imme'diate, of an'- 
913 
PRO 
imals, Proximate principles, Organic elements, Com- 
pounds of organization, are divided into acid princi- 
ples, fatty principles, and principles which are nei- 
ther fat nor acid. The first include the uric, rosacic, 
purpuric, allantoic, caseic, butyric, etc.; the fatty 
principles are stearin, elain, cholesterin, etc. The 
third division includes the most important compounds 
of organization-fibrin, gelatin, albumin, casein. See 
Organic. P., prox'imate, P., immediate. P., zy- 
mot'ic, zymotic principles. See Ferments and Enzymes. 
Pringlea antiscorbutica, pring-le'ah an-te-skor-bu'- 
tik-ah). Plant of ord. Cruciferse, native of Kergue- 
len's Land; has antiscorbutic properties. 
Prlnos, pre'nos (of the ancients). Ilex aquifolium. 
P. gla'ber, see P. Ixvigatus. P. Grono'vii, prinos. 
P. laevigat'us, Smooth winterberry, and P. gla'ber, 
Inkberry, indigenous, have the same properties as 
prinos. P. padifo'lius, prinos. P. verticilla'ta, Black 
alder, Virginia or Whorled winterberry, Feverbush; ord. 
Aquifoliacese; bark of this common shrub of the 
United States-Prinos (Ph. U. S.)-is astringent, 
bitter, and pungent. Berries are likewise bitter. 
Bark has been used as a substitute for cinchona in 
intermittents and as a tonic. 
Prion, pre'on. Saw. 
Prionodes, pre-on-o'dees (prion, saw). Serrated. 
Term applied to the sutures of the head. 
Prior, pre'or. First, foremost. P. annula'ris, in- 
ternal interosseous muscle, arising from the outside 
of the metacarpal bone of the ring finger, and in- 
serted into the outside of the tendon on the back of 
the ring finger. It draws the ring finger outward. P. 
in'dicis arises from the outer or radial side of the 
metacarpal bone of the fore finger, and is inserted 
into the outside of the tendon on the back of the 
fore finger. It draws the finger outward toward the 
thumb. P. in'dicis pe'dis, external interosseous 
muscle of the foot; arises from the contiguous sides 
of the metatarsal bones of the great and fore toes, 
and is inserted into the inside of the root of the first 
bone of the fore toe. It pulls the fore toe inward. P. 
me'dii, prior medii digiti. P. me'dii dig'iti, Second 
interosseous of Douglas; external interosseous muscle 
of the hand; arises from the corresponding sides of 
the metacarpal bones of the fore and middle fingers, 
and is inserted into the outside of the tendon on the 
back of the middle finger. It draws the middle finger 
outward. P. me'dii dig'iti pe'dis, internal inter- 
osseous muscle of the foot; arises from the inside of 
the metatarsal bone of the middle toe, and is inserted 
into the inside of the root of the first bone of the 
middle toe. Pulls the middle toe inward or toward 
the inner side of the foot. P. min'imi dig'iti, inter- 
nal interosseous muscle of the foot; originates from 
the inside of the metatarsal bone of the little toe, and 
is inserted into the inside of the root of the first bone 
of the little toe. It pulls the middle toe inward. P. 
ter'tii dig'iti pe'dis, internal interosseous muscle of 
the foot; arises from the inner and under part of the 
metatarsal bone of the third of the small toes, and is 
inserted into the side of the root of the first bone of 
the third of the small toes. It pulls the third of the 
small toes inward. 
Prisis, pre'sis. Grinding of the teeth; trepan- 
ning. 
Prisma, priz'mah. A shaving; an alkali. 
Prismatic, pris-mat'ik. Decomposed or separated 
by a prism. P. anal'ysis, spectrum analysis. 
Pris'mus (prio, to saw). Prisis. 
Prisoptometer, pris-op-tom'e-tur. Prismatic in- 
strument for determining ametropia. 
Pri'vate parts or Pri'vates. Genital organs. 
Priv'et. Ligustrum vulgare. 
Priv'ities. Genital organs. 
Priv'y. Ligustrum vulgare. P. mem'bers, gen- 
ital organs. P. parts, genital organs. 
P. r. n. Abbreviation for pro re nata. Phrase 
added to prescriptions, signifying "According as 
symptoms may require." 
Pro (for, before). Common prefix to words, and 
meaning for or before. PRO-AGOREUSIS 
Pro-agoreusis, pro-ag-o-ru'sis (pro, agoreuo, to an- 
nounce). Prognosis. 
Pro-amnion, pro-am'ne-on (pro, amnion) Primitive 
amnion of the foetal enslosure around the head of 
some animals, which is followed later by the definitive 
amnion. 
Prob'able dura'tion of life. The time that a per- 
son at a certain age may live, taking statistics as a 
guide. 
Pro'bang (allied to Probe). Sponge probang. Long 
slender rod of whalebone, with a piece of sponge at 
its extremity, intended to push down extraneous 
bodies, arrested in the oesophagus, into the stomach. 
Probarbium, pro-bar'be-um (pro, barba, beard). 
The first beard. 
Probascanium, pro-bas-kan'e-um (pro, baskaino, to 
cast a spell upon). Amuletum. 
Probascantium, pro-bas-kan'shee-um. Amuletum. 
Probe (probo, to try). To catheterize. Specillum. 
See Sound. P., elec'tric, probe provided with two in- 
sulated wires which, when metal or bullet is touched, 
indicate its presence. P., eyed, see Specillum. P., 
Nelaton's, sound, porcelain. P., por'celain, see 
Sound. P., u'terine, sound, uterine. 
Pro'bing. Catheterism; act of introducing a probe 
into a wound, ulcer, etc. 
Probole, prob'o-le (pro, ballo, to throw). Process. 
Procardium, pro-kar'de-um (pro, kardia, heart). 
Pit of the stomach; scrobiculus cordis. 
Procedure. Process. 
Procellaria obscura palagica, pros-e-lah're-ah ob- 
sku'rah pal-aj'ik-ah. Mutton bird of New Zealand, 
etc. When the body is pressed, oil runs from the 
mouth. This has been used as a liniment in rheu- 
matism. 
Procephali, pro-sef'al-e (pro, kephale, head). Foe- 
tuses whose heads are so large as to render labor dif- 
ficult. 
Procerus (pros'er-us) nasi. Pyramidalis nasi. 
Pro'cess (procedo, processum, to go forward). 
Apophysis; processus; procedure; method of per- 
forming any operation, chemical, pharmaceutical, or 
surgical. P., aud'itory, curved plate constituting 
the posterior half of the glenoid cavity. P., bas'i- 
lar, see Basilar. P., cochlear'iform, see Cochleari- 
formis and Tympanum. P., cu'neiform, basilary pro- 
cess. P., en'siform, see Sternum and Ensiform. P., 
fal'ciform (generally described as Hey's ligament), 
see Fascia lata. P., ham'ular, see Hamulus. P. of 
he'lix, small conical projection of cartilage opposite 
the first curve of the helix of the ear. P., ma'lar, 
zygomatic process. P., mam'millary, see Mammillary. 
P., mod'elling, see Modelling process. P., na'sal, 
see Maxillary bone, superior. P., odon'toid, see Axis. 
P. of Rau, see Malleus. P., sphe'noid, see Palate-bone. 
P., un'cinate, see Unciform. P., vagi'nal, see Vaginal. 
P., ver'miform, see Vermiform. P., ver'tical, supe- 
rior longitudinal, falx cerebri. P., xi'phoid, see 
Xiphoid. P., zygomat'ic, see Zygomatic. 
(For other processes, as Acromion, Basilar, Clinoid, 
etc., see Acromion, Basilar, Clinoid, etc.) 
Pro'cesses of Die'ters. Potoplasmic processes. P. 
of Ingras'sias, see Ingrassias. P., protoplas'mic, 
see Protoplasmic. P., ram'ifying, see Protoplasmic. 
Processus, pro-ses'sus. Process. An apophysis or 
eminence of a bone. See Apophysis. Also any part 
which seems prolonged beyond others with which it 
is connected, as the ciliary processes. P. abdomina'- 
lis os'sis il'ii, broad part of the ilium. P. accesso'- 
rius, accessory process of lumbar vertebrae. P. ac- 
cesso'rius spu'rius, embryonic transverse process of 
sacrum. P. acromia'lis, acromion process. P. acu'- 
tus hel'icis, crus or process of helix. P. alsefor'mes, 
alar ligaments. P. ala'ris, alar process. P. alifor'- 
mes, pterygoid processes. P. anconse'us, olecranon. 
P. annula'ris, pons Varolii. P. anon'ymus, jugular 
tubercle. P. ante'rior mal'lei, processus gracilis 
malleus. P. arcifor'mes, arciform fibres. P. as- 
cen'dens, upper jaw-bone. P. ascenden'tes, supe- 
rior articular processes of vertebrae. P. basila'ris, 
delicate process of bone from posterior portion of 
914 
PROCESSUS 
body of sphenoid, and forming a part of lateral wall 
of inferior petrosal sinus. P. belonoi'des, see Bel- 
enoid. P. Blumenbach'ii, unciform process. P. bre'- 
vis incu'dis, short process of incus. P. bre'vis mal'- 
lei, short process on the malleus to which the tensor 
tympani is attached. P. bul'bi olfacto'rii, filaments 
of olfactory nerve. P. calcari'nus, bony extension 
of septum narium. P. cartilagin'ei, sesamoid car- 
tilaginous nodules in cartilaginous portion of Eusta- 
chian tube. P. cartilagin'eus hel'icis, process of 
the helix. P. cauda'tus, lobulus caudatus. P. cere- 
bel'li ad cer'ebrum, superior peduncles of cerebel- 
lum. P. cerebel'li ad medul'lam oblonga'tam, in- 
ferior peduncle of cerebellum. P. cerebel'li ad 
pon'tem, middle peduncle of cerebellum. P. cere- 
bel'li ad tes'tes, superior peduncle of cerebellum. 
P. e cerebel'lo ad medul'lam oblonga'tam, inferior 
peduncles of cerebellum; corpora restiformia. P. e 
cerebel'lo ad pon'tem, middle peduncle of cerebel- 
lum. P. e cerebel'lo ad tes'tes, superior peduncles 
of cerebellum. P. cer'ebri latera'lis, hippocampus 
major; cornu Ammonis. P. cer'ebri ma'jor, falx 
cerebri. P. cilia'res, ciliary processes. P. clava'tus, 
enlargement of funiculus at calamus scriptorius. P. 
clinoi'dei, clinoid process. P. cochlea'ris, cochleari- 
form process; see Tympanum. P. costa'rii, transverse 
processes of lumbar vertebrae, apparently ribs massed 
together. P. cricoi'deus, slight eminence on inferior 
border of thyroid cartilage. P. crucia'tus, crucial 
appearance of tentorium, falx cerebelli, and falx 
cerebri, near the internal occipital protuberance. 
P. cubita'lis, lower and articular extremity of hu- 
merus. P. cuneifor'mis, unciform process. P. cu- 
neifor'mis os'sis occip'itis, basilary process. P. 
denta'lis, alveolar process. P. denta'tus, odontoid 
process. P. descen'dens, process of recto-vesical fas- 
cia, between rectum and bladder. P. descenden'tes, 
inferior articular processes of vertebrse. P. du'rae 
ma'tris, falx cerebri and tentorium. P. ensifor'mes, 
lesser wings of the sphenoid ; see Sternum. P. enter- 
oi'dei cer'ebri, cerebral convolutions. P. excep'ti, 
inferior articular processes of lumbar vertebrae. P. 
excipien'tes, superior articular processes of lumbar 
vertebrae. P. falclfor'mis cerebel'li, falx cerebelli. 
P. falcifor'mis du'rae ma'tris, falx cerebri. P. falci- 
for'mis ma'jor, falx cerebri. P. falcifor'mis mi'nor, 
falx cerebelli. P. folia'ceus, process of the ethmoid 
bone projecting into the frontal cells. P. Folia'nus 
or Fo'lii, processus gracilis of malleus. P. fronta'lis, 
nasal process; frontal process; see Maxillary bone, 
superior. P. fron'to-sphenoida'lis, frontal process. 
P. glot'tidis, projection of arytenoid cartilage for 
attachment of vocal cord. P. grac'ilis mal'lei, deli- 
cate process of bone from the body of the malleus 
inserted in the Glaserian fissure; see Malleus. P. 
hama'tus, unciform process. P. hel'icis or hel'icis 
cauda'tus, a tail-like process at the posterior and 
inferior extremity of the helix. P. horizonta'lis 
incu'di, short process of the incus. P. incisu'rse 
trigem'ini, occasional projections on side of impres- 
sion for Gasserian ganglion, at apex of petrous por- 
tion of temporal bone. P. infe'rlor, a wedge-like 
plate from tegmen tympani to internal extremity of 
Glaserian fissure. P. infe'rlor incu'di, long process 
of incus. P. inframalleola'ris, ridge between grooves 
for peroneal muscles on exterior of calcaneum. P. 
innomina'tus, jugular tubercle. P. inter'nus calca'- 
nei, sustentaculum tali. P. intrajugula'ris, spine 
passing across the jugular foramen from petrous por- 
tion of temporal bone, or even from occipital bone. 
P. juga'lis, malar process; zygoma; external angular 
process. P. jugula'ris accesso'rius or jugula'ris 
ante'rior, prominence on occipital bone, forming an- 
terior boundary of jugular notch. P. jugula'ris 
me'dius, intrajugular process. P. lacryma'lis, nasal 
process. P. lacryma'lis ante'rior, anterior lacrymal 
crest. P. lacryma'lis con'chae inferio'ris, lacrymal 
process. P. latera'les u'teri, Fallopian tubes. P. 
latera'lis, portion of transverse process of a lumbar 
vertebra representing a rib. P. latera'lis calca'nei, 
sustentaculum tali. P. latera'lis spu'rius, occa- PROCESSUS 
sional process above outer condyle of femur; emi- 
nence above inner condyle of femur for insertion 
of internal head of gastrocnemius muscle. P. lentic- 
ula'ris, orbicularis bone. P. lon'gus incu'dis, long 
process of the incus. P. lon'gus mal'lei, processus 
gracilis of malleus. P. mala'ris, zygoma; external 
angular process. P. mammilla'res, mammillary tu- 
bercles of the cerebrum; olfactory nerves; papillae 
of kidney. P. mammilla'ris os'sis tem'poris, mas- 
toid process. P. mammilla'ris vertebra'rum, mam- 
millary process. P. margina'lis, elevated ridge in 
the posterior border of frontal process of malar bone. 
P. mastoi'deus, mastoid process. P. maxilla'ris con'- 
chse inferio'ris, maxillary process of inferior turbi- 
nate bone. P. maxilla'ris os'sis zygomat'ici, max- 
illary process of malar bone. P. muscula'res verte- 
bra'rum, secondary processes upon the vertebrae for 
the insertion of muscles. P. muscula'ris, muscular 
process. P. nasa'lis, maxillary process of palate- 
bone ; lacrymal process; nasal spine. P. na'si, pyram- 
idalis nasi. P. obli'quo-mammilla'res, rudimen- 
tary articular processes of the vertebrae forming the 
sacrum. P. obli'quus, articular process. P. obtu'- 
sus, short process of malleus. P. occipita'lis, basi- 
lar process. P. occul'tus, small denticulate border 
of upper orbital plate of the superior maxillary bone. 
P. odontoi'deus, see Axis. P. oliva'ris, olivary pro- 
cess. P. orbicula'ris, orbicular bone. P. orbicula'ris 
cer'ebri, infundibulum of the brain. P. papilla'res 
or papilla'rum, olfactory nerves. P. paracondyloi'- 
deus or paramastoi'deus, paracondyloid process. P. 
petro'sus anti'cus, delicate lamellated portion of the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone. P. petro'sus 
os'sis sphenoi'dei me'dius, basilar process. P. petro'- 
sus poste'rior or supe'rior os'sis sphenoi'dei, pos- 
terior clinoid processes. P. pneumat'icus, process 
between auricular process of occipital and mastoid 
process of temporal bone, consisting of cells in direct 
communication with cells of mastoid process which 
contain air; process which contains air. P. ad pon'- 
tem, middle peduncle of cerebellum. P. pri'mus, 
handle of the malleus. P. pyramida'lis, pyramidal 
process of palate-bone; pyramid of the thyroid. P. 
Rav'ii, processus gracilis of malleus. P. rhachidia'nus, 
spinal cord. P. rostrifor'mis, coracoid process. P. 
Sommering'ii, marginal process. P. spelse'us, process 
of ethmoid bone projecting into the sphenoidal si- 
nuses. P. sphenoida'lis, prolongation from posterior 
inferior angle of cartilage of septum narium. P. 
sphe'no-maxilla'ris, occasional projection of the 
lower extremity of anterior border of great wing of 
the sphenoid. P. spino'sus mal'lei, processus longus 
of malleus. P. spino'sus sphenoida'lis, spine of the 
sphenoid. P. ster'ni xiphoi'des, xiphoid process. P. 
sulca'tus, process of the palate-bone uniting the 
orbital and sphenoidal processes. P. supe'rior in- 
cu'dis, short process of the incus. P. supracondy- 
loi'deus fem'oris latera'lis, occasional process above 
the outer condyle of the femur. P. supracondy- 
loi'deus fem'oris media'lis, eminence above the 
inner condyle of the femur for insertion of the in- 
ternal head of the gastrocnemius muscle. P. supra- 
condyloi'deus hu'meri, occasional unciform process 
above the inner condyle of the humerus. P. ta'li 
exter'nus, prominence for reception of articular facet 
of astragalus. P. ta'li inter'nus, process at the pos- 
terior internal aspect of the astragalus. P. tegmen'ti 
tym'pani pro'prius, plate-like portion of tegmen 
covering cavities of the ear. P. tempora'lis, occa- 
sional process of frontal bone articulating with the 
temporal. P. tere'tes, two slightly convex bodies 
forming the anterior wall or floor of the fourth ven- 
tricle of the brain. They are separated by a longi- 
tudinal groove continuous, inferiorly, with the sulcus 
longitudinalis posterior of the spinal cord. They are 
crossed transversely by several white and gray fascic- 
uli-lineae transversae, striae medullares-the origin of 
the auditory nerves. P. ad tes'tes, see Valvula Vieus- 
senii. P. transver'sus accesso'rius, accessory pro- 
cess of lumbar vertebrae. P. transver'sus durse ma'- 
tris, tentorium. P, transver'sus occipita'lis, jugular 
915 
PROCTOCACE 
process. P. trochlearifor'mis, processus cochlearifor- 
mis. P. trochlea'ris, groove in a bone for a tendon. 
P. trochlea'ris calca'nei, P. inframalleolaris. P. tu- 
ba'rius, projection from internal pterygoid plate of 
sphenoid, on which cartilaginous portion of Eustach- 
ian tube rests. P. tuberosita'tis navicula'ris, process 
from the tuberosity of the scaphoid bone of the foot. 
P. tym'pani, tegmen or roof of the tympanum. P. 
uncifor'mis, coracoid process. P. uncina'tus, unci- 
nate process; unciform process; olecranon. P. unci- 
na'tus mi'nor, lamina of the ethmoid bone covering 
the lacrymal or maxillary cells. P. u'vifer, uvula. 
P. vagina'lis, projection of male embryonic cavity 
to form cavity of scrotum; see Gubernaculum testis. 
P. vagina'lis fas'ciae transver'sse, infundibuliform 
fascia. P. ventric'uli, duodenum. P. vermifor'mis, 
vermiform appendix. P. voca'lis, projection of 
arytenoid cartilage for attachment of vocal cord. 
P. voca'lis ante'rior, slight protrusion on internal 
surface of thyroid cartilage, to which the vocal 
cords are attached. P. ad vo'merem, vaginal process 
of sphenoid. P. vo'mero-sphenoida'lis, sphenoidal 
process. P. xiphoi'des, ensiform process. P. xipho- 
sterna'lis, ensiform cartilage. P. zygomat'ico-or- 
bita'lis, malar process. P. zygomat'icus, zygoma; 
malar process; external angular process. 
Procheila, pro-ki'lah (pl. of Procheilon). Extrem- 
ity of the lips. 
Procheilidion, pro-ki-lid'e-on. Procheilon. 
Procheil'on or Procheilid'ion (pro, cheilos, a lip). 
The extreme projecting part or margin of the lips; 
or a similar portion of the labia. 
Procheuma, pro-ku'mah (pro, chuo, to pour). Par- 
enchyma. 
Procidentia, pros-id-en'she-ah. Prolapsus. P. a'ni, 
proctocele. P. intesti'ni rec'ti, proctocele. P. ir'idis, 
ptosis iridis. P. oc'uli, exophthalmia. P. se'dis, 
proctocele. P. testic'uli tubulo'rum, hernia testis. 
P. u'teri, prolapsus uteri. 
Procnemium, prok-na'me-um (pro, leneme, leg). 
Tibia. 
Procce'lia. Lateral ventricles. 
Procoelius, pro-se'le-us (pro, koilia, belly). One 
who has a large pendulous abdomen. 
Procce'lus. Procoelius. 
Procondylus, pro-kon'dil-us (pro, Icondulos, a con- 
dyle). The first joint of the fingers; the second be- 
ing called condylos; the third, metacondylos. 
Procreatio, pro-kre-ah'she-o (pro, creo, to beget). 
Fecundation; generation. P. san'guinis, hsematosis. 
Procrea'tion. Fecundation; generation. 
Proctagra, prok'tag-rah (proktos, anus, agra, seiz- 
ure). Gout in the rectum. Proctalgia. 
Proctalgia, prok-tal'je-ah (proctos, algos, pain). 
Pain in the anus; generally symptomatic of disease, 
as of hemorrhoids, scirrhus, etc. P. haemorrhoida'lis, 
hemorrhoids. P. inflammato'ria, rectitis. P. inter- 
trigino'sa, chafing in the vicinity of the anus. P. 
rheumat'ica, rheumatism of the anus. 
Proctatresia, prok-tah-tre'zhe-ah (proctos, atresia, 
imperforation). Imperforate state of the anus. 
Proctec'tomy (proctos, ektome, excision). Excision 
of portion of the rectum. 
Proctenclisis, prok-ten'klis-is (proctos, enkleio, to 
lock up). Constriction of the anus. 
Procteurynter, prok-tu-rin'ter (proctos, euruno, to 
make broad). Instrument for dilating the anus. 
Proctheemorrhagia, prokt-he-mor-rhaj'e-ah (proc- 
tos, heemorrhagia). Hemorrhage from the rectum. 
Proctica, prok'tik-ah (proctos). Pain or derange- 
ment around the anus, without primary inflamma- 
tion. P. exa'nia, proctocele. P. maris'ca, hemor- 
rhoids. P. sim'plex, proctalgia. P. tenes'mus, ten- 
esmus. 
Proctisis (prok'tis-is) or Procti'tis (proctos, itis). 
Inflammation of the anus and rectum. P. gangrse- 
no'sa, proctocace. 
Proctocace, prok-tok'as-e (proctos, kakos, evil). 
Disease of the rectum, said to be common in Peru 
near Lima, on the Honduras and Mosquito coasts, in 
Brazil, etc. It is called by the Portuguese Bicho and PROCTOCELE 
Bicho di Culo; by the people of Quito, Mai del Valle, 
from its prevalence in the valleys; and in Africa, 
Bitios de Kis. An adynamic, inflammatory condition, 
frequently ending in gangrene. It has been at- 
tributed to bad food and the use of spices. 
Proctocele, prok-to-se'le (Eng. prok'to-seel) (proc- 
tos, kele, hernia). Falling down of the fundament; 
Coming down of the body. Inversion and prolapse of 
the mucous coat of the rectum, from relaxation of 
the sphincter, with more or less swelling. 
Proctocystotomy, prok-to-sis-tot'o-me (proctos, 
kuste, bladder, tome, section). See Lithotomy. 
Proctodaum, prok-to-de'um (proctos, hodos, way, 
by the way). Posterior part of alimentary canal in 
embryo. 
Proctodynia, prok-to-din'e-ah (proctos, odune, pain). 
Pain in the anus or rectum. 
Proctomenia, prok-to-men'e-ah (proctos, men, 
month). Menstruation occurring by the rectum. 
Proctoncus, prok-ton'kus (proctos, onkos, swelling). 
Swelling of the anus. 
Proctoparalysis, prok-to-par-al'is-is (proctos, paral- 
ysis). Paralysis of the muscles of the rectum. 
Proctoplasty, prok'to-plas-te (proctos, plasso, to 
form). Plastic operation upon the anus. 
Proctoplegia, prok - to - plej ' e - ah (proctos, plege, 
stroke). Proctoparalysis. 
Proctoptoma, prok-to-to'mah (proctos, ptoma, fall). 
Proctocele. 
Proctoptosis, prok-top-to'sis (proctos, ptosis, fall- 
ing). Proctocele. 
Proctorrhagia, prok-tor-rhaj'e-ah (proctos, rhage, 
breaking forth). Hemorrhoidal flux. 
Proctorrhaphy, prok-tor'rhaf-e (proctos, rhaphe, su- 
ture). Suture of the rectal wall; resorted to in lacer- 
ated perineum. 
Proctorrheuma, prok-tor-rhu'mah (proctos, rheuma, 
defluxion). Rheumatism of the anus. 
Proctorrhoea, prok-tor-rhe'ah (proctos, rheo, to flow). 
Discharge of mucus from the anus. 
Proctorrhois, prok-tor'rho-is (proctos, rheo, to flow). 
See Hsemorrhois. 
Proctos, prok'tos (proktos). Anus. 
Proctoscirrhus, prok-to-skir'rhus (proctos, skirrhos, 
hard). Scirrhus of the anus. 
Proctospasmus, prok-to-spaz'mus. Tenesmus. 
Proctostenosis organica, prok-to-sten-o'sis or-gan'- 
ik-ah (proctos, stenos, narrow). Stricture of rectum. 
Proctotoreusis, prok-to-to-ru'sis (proctos, toreuo, 
to perforate). Perforation of a closed anus. 
Proctotome, prok'to-tome (proctos, tome, incision). 
Instrument for dividing rectal stricture. 
Proctotomy, prok-tot'o-me. Operation on the rec- 
tum for removal of stricture by incision, or for fistula 
in ano, etc. 
Proctus, prok'tus (proktos). Anus. 
Procumbent, pro-kum'bent (procumbo, to lie down 
flat). Prostrate with the head forward. 
Procuratio abortfis, pro-ku-rah'she-o ab-or'tus. Pro- 
motion of abortion. 
Prodiagnosis, pro-di-ag-no' sis (pro, diagnosis). 
Prognostication of a disease to come; diagnosis by 
anticipation. 
Pro'drome. Symptom in anticipation of disease. 
Prodromic (pro-drom'ik) or Prod'romal. Relating 
or belonging to the invasion of a disease. 
Prodromus, prod-ro'mus (pro, dromos, course). In 
contagious diseases, the period immediately preceding 
an attack of disease, in which the precursory signs 
occur. 
Prod'uct (produco, productum, to bring forth). 
Result sought to be attained by any pharmaceutical 
or other operation. 
Productio, pro-duk'she-o. Production ; prolapsus. 
P. u'vula a pitu'ita, staphyloedema. 
Production, pro-duk'shun. Act of producing; the 
thing produced. 
Productivitas, pro-duk-tiv'it-as. Fecundity. 
Productum, pro-duk'tum. Product. 
Pro-egumena causa, pro-e-gu-men'e kaws'e (pro, 
egeomai, to lead). Predisponent causes. 
916 
PROGLOTTIS 
Proe'lum. Press; tourniquet. 
Pro-em'inent (pro, emineo, to project). Some anat- 
omists call the seventh cervical vertebra the pro- 
eminent vertebra, on account of the length of its 
spinous process, which passes the level of that of the 
neighboring vertebra. 
Pro-encephalus, pro-en-sef 'al-us (pro, enkephalos, 
encephalon). Monster whose encephalon is situate, 
in a great measure, out of, and in advance of, the 
cranium, which is open in the frontal region. 
Prceotia, pre-o'she-ah (proeonta, preceding). Pre- 
mature development of sexual organization or power. 
Profer'ment. Zymogen. 
Professional neurosis, pro-fesh'un-al nu-ro'sis. 
Neurosis due to continuous use of certain groups of 
muscles, as seen in writer's cramp, etc. 
Profile (pro'feel) line. Line for measuring the 
general facial contour. 
Profluvii cortex, pro-flu've-e kor'teks. Nerium an- 
tidysentericum. 
Profluvium, pro-flu've-um (profluo, to flow forth). 
Flux, Discharge. A term under which-in the plu- 
ral, Profluvia-some nosologists have comprised all 
morbid discharges or fluxes; others, increased excre- 
tions attended by fever. P. al'vi, diarrhoea. P. 
genita'le mulie'bre, menses. P. muco'sum ure'thrae, 
gonorrhoea. P. mulie'bre, leucorrhoea; menses. P. 
san'guinis, hemorrhage. P. san'guinis ex o're, 
hemorrhage from the mouth. P. san'guinis ex u'tero, 
hemorrhage from the uterus. P. sem'inis, pollution. 
P. ven'tris, diarrhoea. 
Profunda, pro-fun'dah (fem. of Profundus). P. 
arte'ria fem'oris, this large branch arises commonly 
from the posterior part of the crural, between the 
pubis and lesser trochanter. It descends deeply, 
situate before the abductors, passes through the third 
abductor above the opening in it for the trunk of the 
femoral, and terminates in the short portion of the 
biceps. The muscularis profunda gives off the ex- 
ternal circumflex, the internal circumflex, and the 
three perforantes. P. arte'ria hu'meri, origin 
variable. When it arises from the brachial artery it 
is given off- opposite the groove of the humerus des- 
tined for the radial nerve, and descends backward 
between the three portions of the triceps, accompanied 
by the nerve, giving branches to that muscle and to 
the humerus. When it reaches the posterior part of 
the bone it divides into two branches, which are dis- 
tributed to the triceps, supinator longus, etc. P. ar- 
te'ria infe'rior or mi'nor is often a branch of the 
last, but commonly is given off from the brachial, 
near the middle of the arm; gives off branches to the 
muscles, etc. about the inner side of the os humeri. 
Also called large communicating ulnar or profundo- 
ulnar. P. arte'ria pe'nis, the cavernous artery 
which arises from the artery of the penis, furnished 
by the internal pudic. P. arte'ria supe'rior, pro- 
funda humeri. P. vein, distribution similar to that of 
the femoris profunda arteria. 
Profundus, pro-fun'dus (pro, fundus, bottom, having 
a deep base). Name given to different parts which 
are seated deeply as regards others. Certain muscles 
are distinguished by the names profound or deep- 
seated and superficial. Thus, we speak of the super- 
ficial and deep-seated muscles of the neck, etc.; the 
flexor profundus perforans, etc. 
Profusio, pro-fu'ze-o (pro, fundo, fusum, to pour). 
Pouring out, shedding; see Hemorrhage. P. a'quse, 
discharge or breaking of the waters at birth. P. san'- 
guinis, hemorrhage. P. sem'inis, ejaculation. P. 
se'ri, see Effusion. P. se'ri in cer'ebro, see Apoplexy. 
P. subcuta'nea, purpura simplex. 
Progastor, pro-gas'tor (pro, gaster, belly). Having 
a pendulous belly. 
Progenies, pro-jen'e-ees (pro, gigno, to bring forth). 
Offspring; progeny; superfcetation. 
Progeny, proj'e-ne. See Progenies. 
Proglossis, pro-glos'sis (pro, glossa, tongue). The 
extremity or tip of the tongue. 
Proglottis, pro-glot'tis (pro, glottis). Each segment, 
separate joint, or sexual zooid of a tapeworm. PROGNATHISM 
Prognathism, prog-uatli'izm {pro, gnathos, jaw). 
Condition relating to being prognathous. 
Prognathous, prog-nath'us {pro, gnathos, jaw). 
Having a projecting jaw. Term applied to the form 
of the head in which there is a prolongation or for- 
ward extension of the jaws, as in the negro. 
Prognosis, prog-no'sis {pro, gnosis, knowledge). 
Judgment formed by the physician regarding the 
future progress and termination of any disease. P., 
gen'eral, opinion formed of a disease in the abstract; 
thus, the general prognosis of cynanche tonsillaris 
is favorable; of phthisis pulmonalis, unfavorable. 
P. ex lin'gua, glossomantia. P., partic'ular, opinion 
formed of any particular case of disease. The par- 
ticular or special prognosis of one case of typhus may 
be favorable, while that of another may be unfavor- 
able. 
Prognostic, prog-nos'tic. Relating or appertaining 
to prognosis, as prognostic signs. 
Prognostice, prog-nos'tis-e {techne, art). Art of 
prognosticating; prognosis. 
Progressio, pro-gres'se-o {pro, gradior, gressus, to 
step). Augmentation. 
Progression (same etymon). Forward movement 
or advance. 
Progressive bul'bar paral'ysis. Paralysis of the 
tongue, tips, and pharynx. P. locomo'tor a'taxy, see 
Ataxia. P. mus'cular at'rophy, see Atrophy. P. 
paral'ysis, general paralysis. 
Progressus, pro-gres'sus. Augmentation. 
Proi'otes {proiotes, early in season). Praeotia. 
Projection, pro-jek'shun. Image or figure resulting 
from an impression on the sensorium. P. sys'tems 
of Mey'nert, arrangement of apparatus by means of 
which the impressions of the exterior surroundings 
are projected upon consciousness. 
Projector urethrae, pro-jek'tor u-re'thre. Levator 
prostate muscle. 
Projectura, pro-jek-tu'rah {pro, jacio, jactum, to 
throw). Process. 
Prolabium, pro-lab'e-um {pro, labium, lip). Pro- 
cheilon. 
Prolapsus, pro-lap'sus {prolabor, prolapsus, to slip 
down). Protrusion ; a falling down. Falling down of 
a part through the orifice with which it is naturally 
connected. P. a'ni, proctocele. P. bul'bi oc'uli, ex- 
ophthalmia. P. cor'neae, staphyloma of the cornea. 
P. ir'idis, iridauxesis, staphyloma iridis, and ptosis 
iridis. P. lin'guae, glossocele, paraglossa. P. cesoph'- 
agi, pharyngocele. P. of the o'vary, prolapse of 
ovary. P. pal'pebrse, blepharoptosis. P. pharyn'gis, 
pharyngocele. P. umbili'ci, exomphalus. P. u'teri, 
some use the term procidentia uteri for a less degree 
than prolapsus-relaxatio uteri expressing the slight- 
est state of all. A falling down of the uterus, owing 
to relaxation of the parts about the uterovaginal 
region. The horizontal position must be insisted 
upon, and the injection of astringent substances per 
vaginam. If the affection be not remedied by these 
means, a pessary may be employed as a palliative, or 
the operation of episiorraphy performed. Prolapsus 
uteri without inversion has been termed orthysterop- 
toma and orthysteroptosis. P. u'vute, staphylcedema. 
P. vagi'nse, protrusion of the upper part of the 
vagina into the lower; this, like the descent of the 
uterus, may be relaxation, procidentia, prolapsus, or 
complete inversion. P. vesi'cse, prolapsus of the 
bladder into the urethra. 
Prolectatio, pro-lek-tah'she-o {prolecto, to entice). 
Action of separating the finer parts of a body from 
the grosser. 
Prolepsis, pro-lep'sis. Prognosis; prediction. 
Proleptics, pro-lep'tiks {pro, lambano, to seize hold 
of). The art and science of predicting in medicine. 
Prolepticus, pro-lep'tik-us. Anticipating; prog- 
nosticating, 
Proles, pro'lees {proles, offspring). Progeny. See 
Progenies. 
Prolicide, pro'le-side {proles, offspring, csedo, to 
kill). Destruction of offspring; foeticide as well as 
infanticide. 
917 
PRONERVATIO 
Proliferation, pro-lif-e-ra'shun (proles, offspring, 
fero, to carry). See Cytogeny. 
Proliferous, pro-lif'er-us (proles, offspring, fero, to 
carry). Term especially applied to cysts, proliferous 
cysts, which appear to have the power of producing 
more highly organized and even vascular structures, 
as complex ovarian cysts, mammary cysts, etc. 
Prolific, pro-lif'ik (proles, offspring, facio, to 
make). That which has the faculty of engendering ; 
applied to man and animals, and to their sperm or, 
seed, as well as to remedies which, by strengthening 
the genital organs, increase the secretion of sperm. 
Proligerous, pro-lij'er-us (proles, offspring, gero, to 
carry). That which is connected with carrying the 
offspring. P. disk or lay'er, Germ disk or hill. Granu- 
lar layer, situate generally toward the most promi- 
nent part of the ovarian vesicle, in the centre of 
which the true ovum or ovule exists. 
Promalacterium, pro-mal-ak-ta're-um (pro, malasso, 
to soften). The room in the ancient gymnasium in 
which the body was softened and anointed, one of 
the operations in bathing. 
Promanus, pro-man'us (pro, manus, hand). See 
Digitus and Pollex. 
Prometopidia, pro-me-to-pid'e-ah. Frontal band- 
ages. 
Prometo'pis (pro, metopon, forehead), The skin of 
the forehead in which are wrinkles. 
Prominentia, prom-in-en'she-ah (promineo, to jut 
out). Prolapsus; protuberance. P. annula'ris cer'- 
ebri, pons Varolii P. cana'lis facia'lls, prominence 
of aqueduct of Fallopius on inner wall of tympanum. 
P. cor'nese, see Ceratocele. P. laryn'gis, pomum 
Adami. P. os'sis contin'ua, apophysis. 
Prominentias albicantes, prom-in-en'she-e al-be- 
kan'tees. Mammillary tubercles. P. semiova'les 
medul'lse oblonga'tae, corpora olivaria. P. tuba'ria 
pharyn'gis, prominence at opening of Eustachian 
tube into the pharynx. 
Promonto'rium. Promontory. P. facie'i, nose. 
P. os'sis sac'ri, see Sacrum. 
Promontory, prom'on-to-re (pro, mons, mountain). 
Small projection at the inner paries of the cavity of 
the tympanum, corresponding to the external scala 
of the cochlea, and especially to the outer side of the 
vestibule. P. of sa'crum, see Sacrum. 
Pronation, pro-na'shun (promts, inclined forward). 
Anatomists understand by pronation the motion by 
which the inferior extremity of the radius passes 
before the ulna, and thus causes the hand to execute 
a kind of rotation from without inward. 
Prona'to-flex'or mass. Mass of pronator and flexor 
muscles at medial and palmar surface of forearm. 
Pronator, pro-nah'tor. That which produces the 
motion of pronation. This name has been given to 
muscles of the forearm. P. obli'quus, P. radii 
teres. P. quadra'tus, this muscle is situate at the 
anterior, inferior, and profound part of the forearm, 
is flat and square, and is attached, within, to the in- 
ferior quarter of the anterior surface of the ulna, and 
without to the inferior quarter of the anterior surface 
of the radius. It produces the motion of pronation. P. 
ra'dii te'res, muscle seated at the upper and anterior 
part of the forearm; is long, flat, and larger above 
than below; is attached, above, to the inner tuberos- 
ity of the humerus and to the coronoid process of the 
ulna; thence it passes obliquely downward and out- 
ward, and terminates at the middle of the outer sur- 
face of the radius. It causes the radius to turn on the 
ulna, to produce the motion of pronation; can also 
bend the forearm on the arm, and conversely. P. 
rotun'dus, P. radii teres. P. te'res, P. radii teres. 
P. tib'ise, peroneo-tibialis. 
Pronaus, pro-nah'us (pro, naos, temple). Vestibu- 
lum. 
Pronephric (pro-nef'rik) duct. Duct of the pri- 
mordial or head kidney. 
Pronephros, pro-nef'ros (pro, nephros, kidney). 
Primordial or head kidney. 
Pronervatio, pro-nur-vah'she-o (pro, nervus, tendon). 
Aponeurosis; tendon. PRONCEA 
Pronoea, pro-ne'ah (pro, noeo, to know). Prognosis. 
Pronucleus, pro-nu'kle-us. Primitive nucleus of 
an ovum or spermatozoon. 
Pronunciation, pro-nun-se-a'shun (pro, nuncio, to 
tell). Mode of articulating or giving accent or utter- 
ance to words. 
Pro-odontus, pro-o-don'tus (pro, odous, tooth). 
Term relating to skulls in which a line between the 
subnasal and alveolar points makes an angle of from 
23° to 50° with radius fixus. 
Proof spirit. See Spiritus tenuior. 
Pro-otic, pro-o'tik (pro, ous, ear). Term applied to 
that form of ossification which gives rise to the upper 
part of the petrous bone and to part of the mastoid. 
Pro-ovarium, pro-o-vah're-um. See Parovarium. 
Prop cells, Hen'sen's. The outer layer of the organ 
of Corti consists of outer hair-cells and cylindroid 
epithelial cells, which last have received this name. 
Propagation, prop-a-ga'shun (propago, propagatum, 
to multiply). Reproduction ; increase. 
Proparateresis, pro-par-at-er-a'sis. Prophylaxis. 
Propathia, pro-path-e'ah (pro, pathos, disease). 
Prodromus. 
Propendentia, pro-pen-den'she-ah (pro, pendo, to 
hang). Prolapsus. 
Propenyl (prop'en-il), hy'drate of. Glycerin. 
Propep'sin. Zymogen already existing in cell- 
granules convertible into pepsin. 
Propeptone, pro-pep'tone (pro, peptone). Result of 
digestion in the stomach and pancreas; same as hemi- 
albumose. 
Propeptonuria, pro-pep-to-nu're-ah (pro, peptone, 
our on, urine). Urine voided containing propeptone. 
Proper light of ret'ina. Light noticed by the ret- 
ina after exclusion of external light. 
Properitone'al. Situate anterior to the perito- 
neum. 
Properties, physical, of tis'sues. These are flex- 
ibility, extensibility, elasticity, contractility with 
power of corrugation, imbibition, and osmose. P., 
vi'tal, those depending upon the vital force, as con- 
tractility. 
Prop'erty (proprius, proper). That which belongs 
distinctively to a thing. See Properties. 
Prophasis, prof'as-is (prophaino, to announce). 
Cause, especially remote cause; prognosis. 
Prophetin, prof'et-in. Bitter principle derived 
from Cucumis prophetarum and Ecballium elate- 
rium. 
Prophthalmus, prof-thal'mus (pro, ophthalmos, eye). 
Exophthalmus. 
Prophylactic, prof-il-ak'tik (pro, phulasso, to de- 
fend). Preservative or preventive. P. medicine, 
hygiene. 
Prophylaxis, prof-il-aks'is. Preservative or pre- 
ventive treatment. 
Prophysis, prof'is-is (prophusis, germination; 
growing together). Symblepharon. 
Propionitrite, pro-pe-o-ni'trite. Hydrocyanic ether. 
Proplexus, pro-pleks'us. Choroid plexus of lateral 
ventricles of the brain. 
Propodialia, pro-pod-e-al'e-ah (propodon, before the 
feet). Proximal segment of humerus and tibialis. 
Propolis, prop'o-lis (pro, polls, city; literally, that 
which is before the city). Beebread. Red resinous 
matter with which the bees cover the bottom of the 
hive. Has been employed in simple mucous diarrhoea 
and dysentery ; smelling of it has been esteemed an- 
tiasthmatic. 
Propoma, prop'o-mah (pro, poma, drink). Ancient 
name of a medicine composed of seven parts of honey 
and four of wine, taken before a meal. 
Proportio, pro-por'she-o (pro, portio). Symmetry. 
Propositum, pro-poz'it-um (pro, pono, positum, to 
place). Intention. 
Propotisma, pro-po-tiz'mah. Mixture. 
Propotismus, pro-po-tiz'mus (pro, potizo, to give to 
drink). Ancient name for medicines given to the 
patients before purging them, and, in some sort, to 
prepare them. 
Proprietas, pro-pre'et-as. Property. 
918 
PROSOPOLOGY 
Proprius auris externse, pro'pre-us aw'ris eks-tur'- 
na. Retrahens auris. 
Proptoma, prop-to'mah (pro, pipto, to fall). Pro- 
lapsus. P. auricula'rum, Flap ear; lobe of the ear 
broad, loose, and pendent from birth. P. scro'ti, 
relaxation of the scrotum. 
Proptosis, prop-to'sis (pro, ptosis, falling down). 
Prolapsus. P. oc'uli, exophthalmia. P. pal'pebrse, 
blepharoptosis. P. u'vulse, staphyloedema. 
Proptysis, prop'tis-is (pro, ptuo, to spit). Expecto- 
ration. 
Propyl, pro'pil. Radical of propylic acid. 
Propylamine, prop-il'am-in. C3H7NH2. Occurs in 
Chenopodium vulvaria, in the flowers of Crataegus 
oxyacantha, the fruit of Sorbus aucuparia, in Secale 
cornutum, herring pickle, cod-liver oil, urine, etc., and 
in cultures of bacteria of human feces on gelatin. 
Two compounds of this name are known, both having 
ammoniacal and fish-like odor. Propylamine has 
been used in acute and chronic rheumatism, but its 
virtues have been greatly exaggerated. The chloride 
and iodide have been given in like cases. See Pto- 
maines (table). 
Prora, pro'rah. Occiput. 
Prorrhesis, pror-rha'sis. Prognosis. 
Proruptio sanguinis, pro-rup'she-o san'gwin-is 
(pro, rumpo, ruptum, to break). Hemorrhage. 
Pros. In composition, generally signifies in ad- 
dition to, over and above, besides. 
Prosarthrosis, pros-ar-thro'sis (pros, arthroo, to 
attach by joints). Diarthrosis. 
Prosbole, pros'bo-la (pros, ballo, to strike). Im- 
pression. 
Proschysis, pros'kis-is (pros, chuo, to pour). Af- 
fusion. 
Proscolex, pros-ko'leks (pro, before, scolex, worm). 
First embryonic stage of scolex after leaving the egg. 
Proscollesis, pros-col-la'sis (pros, kolla, glue). Ad- 
herence ; agglutination. 
Prosectio, pro-sek'she-o (pro, seco, to cut). Anat- 
omy. 
Prosector, pro-sek'tor (pro, seco, to cut). Dissector. 
One who dissects cadavers for anatomical lectures. 
Prosencephalic (pros-en-sef-al'ik) arch. Neural 
arch of frontal vertebra. 
Prosencephalon, pros-en-sef'al-on (pros, encephalos). 
Fore-brain. One of the principal secondary divisions 
of the primordial medullary tube. From it are de- 
veloped the cerebral hemispheres, corpus callosum, 
corpora striata, fornix, lateral ventricles, and olfac- 
tory nerve. 
Proslepsis, pros-lep'sis (pros, lambano, to seize hold 
of). Prehension. 
Proslysis, pros'lis-is. Catalysis. 
Prosodos, pros'o-dos (pros, hodos, a way). Entrance 
to a canal or duct. 
Prosopalgia, pros-o-pal'je-ah (prosopon, algos, pain). 
Facial neuralgia. 
Prosopantra, pros-o-pan'trah (prosopon, antron, cav- 
ity). Frontal sinuses. 
Prosopantritis, pros-o-pan-tre'tis (prosopantra, itis). 
Inflammation of the frontal sinuses. 
Prosopecta'sia (prosopon, face, ektasis, enlarge- 
ment). Enlargement of the face due to disease. 
Prosopis dulcis, pros-o'pis dul'sis. Ord. Legumi- 
nosae. Tree of rather large size, native of Peru ; fruit 
-Pacay-is a pod from 20 to 24 inches long, contain- 
ing black seeds imbedded in a white, soft, flaky sub- 
stance, which last is eaten by the Limenos. 
Prosopocarcinoma, pros-o-po-kar-sin-o'mah (proso- 
pon, face, carcinoma). Cancerous ulcer of the face. 
Prosopodidymus, pros-o-po-did'im-us (prosopon, 
didumos). DiprosopUs. 
Prosopodynia, pros-o-po-din'e-ah (prosopon, odune, 
pain). Neuralgia, facial. 
Prosopodysmorphia, pros-o-po-dis-morf'e-ah (pros- 
opon, dus, with difficulty, morphe, shape). Malforma- 
tion or atrophy of the face, as where the process of 
nutrition suffers from diminished nervous influence. 
Prosopology, pros-o-pol'o-je (prosopon, logos, dis- 
course). Physiognomy. PROSOPOM ANTI A 
Prosopomantia, pros-o-po-man-te'ah (prosopon, man- 
teia, divination). Physiognomy. 
Prosopon, pros-o'pon. Face. 
Prosoponeuralgia, pros-o-po-nu-ral'je-ah (prosopon, 
neuralgia). Facial neuralgia. 
Prosopoparalysis, pros-o-po-par-al'is-is (prosopon, 
paralysis). Palsy, Bell's. 
Prosoporrheu'ma (prosopon, rheuma, defluxion, 
rheumatism). Rheumatism affecting the face. 
Prosoposalgia, pros-o-po-sal'je-ah (prosopon, algos, 
pain). Neuralgia of the face. 
Prosoposis, pros-o-po'sis (prosopon). Physiognomy. 
Prosopospasmus, pros-o-po-spaz'mus (prosopon, spas- 
mus). Canine laugh. 
Prosoposternodymia, pro-so-po-stur-no-dim' e-ah 
(prosopon, sternum, duo, to mingle). See Cephaloso- 
matodymia. 
Prosopothoracop'agus. Thoracopagus with coa- 
lescence of head, chest, and abdomen. 
Prosopotocia, pro-so-po-to'se-ah (prosopon, tokos, 
parturition). Labor with face presentation. 
Prosoprosopus, pros-o-pros-o'pus (proso, forward, 
prosopon, face). Name given to skulls in which the 
line from nasion' to alveolar point forms an angle of 
from 66.5° to 78° with the fixed radius (Lissauer). 
Prosorhinus, pros-o-rhe'nus (proso, forward, rhis, 
nose). Name given to skulls in which the line drawn 
from nasion to subnasal point makes with the radius 
fixus an angle of from 66.5° to 77° (Lissauer). 
Prosperitas valetudinis, pros-per'it-as val-e-tu'din- 
is (prosper, favorable, valetudo, health). A condition 
of perfect health. 
Prosphora, pros'fo-rah (pros, phero, to bring). Pre- 
hension. 
Prosphysls, pros'fis-is (pros, phuo, to grow). Adhe- 
sion, adherence, connection. In a more limited sense 
this word means morbid adhesion of the eyelids, either 
between themselves or with the globe of the eye. 
See Ankyloblepharon. 
Prostasis, pros'tas-is (pro, stasis, station). Superior- 
ity, preponderance, or abundance, as of excrementi- 
tious humors. 
Prostata, pros'tat-ah. Prostate. P. adenoi'des, 
prostate. P. Bartholi'ni, Cowper's glands in the fe- 
male. P. glan'dula, prostate. P. mulie'bris, Cow- 
per's glands in the female. 
Prostatse, pros'ta-te. Prostate. P. adenoi'des, 
prostate. P. glandulo'sse, prostate. 
Prostatal, pros'ta-tal. Prostatic. 
Prostatalgia, pros-tat-al'je-ah (prostate, algos, pain). 
Pain in the prostate. 
Prostatauxe, pros-tat-awks'e (prostate, auxe, in- 
crease). Enlargement of the prostate. 
Prostate, pros'tat (pro, istemi, to stand). Prostate 
gland. Glandular, cordiform body, the size of a chest- 
nut, situate before the neck of the bladder, behind 
the symphysis pubis, and surrounding the first portion 
of the urethra. Its excretory outlets, to the number 
of 10 or 12, open into the part of the urethra that 
traverses it, and pour into it a whitish viscid humor 
-Liquor prostaticus-intended to lubricate the in- 
terior of the urethra and to serve as a vehicle for the 
sperm in its ejaculation. It is usually described as con- 
sisting of three lobes, two lateral, and one middle fitted 
in between them on the under side, and lying beneath 
the neck of the bladder and the immediately adjacent 
part of the urethra. This is the Lobus medius, Carun- 
cula or Tuberculum Morgagnii, Isthmus prostates, Lobus 
pathologicus or inferior. P., ante'rior, see Cowper's 
glands. 
Prostatectomy, pros-tat-ek'to-me (prostata, ektome, 
cutting out). Excision of more or less of the prostate 
gland. 
Prostatelcosis (pros-tat-el-ko'sis) or Prostathelco'- 
sis (prostate, helkos, ulcer). Ulceration of the pros- 
tate. 
Prostatic, pros-tat'ik. Prostatal. Belonging or re- 
lating to the prostate. The superior prostatic muscles 
pass from the pubis to the lateral parts of the pros- 
tate. The inferior prostatic muscles are fleshy fibres 
which, from the lateral parts of the urethra, near 
919 
PROTEA MELLIFERA 
its membranous portion, pass to be inserted into the 
pubis. P. bisec'tor, an instrument at one time used 
in bilateral lithotomy; resembling a large olive, with 
a beak at the extremity, cutting edges at the sides 
parallel to its longest axis, and with a straight handle. 
P. liq'uor, the fluid secreted by the prostate, which 
mixes with the sperm during emission. P. plex'us 
of nerves, continuation of pelvic plexus anteriorly 
between the prostate and levator ani. P. plex'us of 
veins, pudendal plexus. P. por'tion of the ure'thra, 
the part of the canal of the urethra included by the 
prostate; about 15 lines long. P. si'nus, see Sinus. 
Prostat'icus inter'nus. Superior transverse fibres 
of ischio-urethralis. P. supe'rior, compressor pros- 
tatas. 
Prostatitis, pros-tat-e'tis (prostate, itis). Inflam- 
mation of the prostate; when accompanying gonor- 
rhoea, gonorrheo-prostatitis. 
Prostatocele, pros-tat-o-se'le (Eng. pros'tat-o-seel) 
(prostate, kele, tumor). Swelling or tumor of the 
prostate. 
Prostatocystitis, pros-tat-o-sis-te'tis (prostata, kus- 
tis, bladder). Inflammation of prostate and bladder. 
Prostatolithi, pros-tat-ol'ith-e (pl. of Prostatoli- 
thus) (prostate, lithos, stone). See Calculi, urethral. 
Prostatoncus, pros-tat-on'kus (prostate, onkos, tu- 
mor). Swelling of the prostate. 
Prostatoparectasis, pros-tat-o-par-ek'tas-is (pros- 
tate, parekteino, to extend). Enlargement of the 
prostate, Prostatauxe; also induration of the same, 
Prostatoscirrhus. 
Prostatorrhcea, pros-tat-or-rhe'ah (prostate, rheo, to 
flow). Morbidly increased discharge from the pros- 
tate. 
Prostatoscirrhus, pros-tat-o-skir'rhus. See Prostato- 
parectasis. 
Prostatotomy, pros-tat-ot'o-me (prostate, tome, in- 
cision). Incision into the prostate. 
Prosternidium, pro-stur-nid'e-um (pro, sternum, the 
sternum). Any agent applied to the anterior part of 
the chest; a plaster to the breast. 
Prosternum, pro-stur'num (pro, before, sternum). 
Manubrium. 
Prosthesis, pros'thes-is (pros, tithemi, to put). Ad- 
dition ; application. That part of surgery whose 
object is to add to the human body some artificial 
part in place of one that may be wanting, as a wood- 
en leg, an artificial eye, artificial teeth, etc.-Prosthetic 
apparatus. Sometimes written Prothesis. See Ana- 
plerosis. 
Prostheta, pros'thet-ah (same etymon). Medicines 
introduced into some one of the natural cavities. 
Prosthet'ic. Relating to prosthesis. 
Prosthion, pros'the-on. Alveolar point. 
Prosthium, pros'the-um (prosthion). Penis. 
Prostitution, pros-te-tu'shun (prosto, pro, before, 
sto, to stand-to stand to be hired). Social evil. The 
condition and practice of a prostitute. In many 
countries of Europe prostitution is a matter of public 
hygiene, the prostitutes being regularly examined 
medically, and licensed. In Great Britain and in this 
country, as a general rule, it is not subjected to any 
regulation. 
Prostomia, pro-stom'e-ah (pro, stoma, mouth). The 
commissure of the lips. 
Prostration, pros-tra'shun (pro, sterno, stratum, to 
throw down). Great depression of strength; almost 
total loss of power over the muscles of locomotion. 
P., ner'vous, neurasthenia. 
Protagon, pro'ta-gon (protos, first, ago, to lead). A 
nitrogenous proximate principle which, when com- 
bined with albuminous matter (paraglobulin or 
fibrinoplastin), fatty matters, and salts, makes up the 
stroma of the red blood-corpuscles. See Fibrinoplas- 
tin. The name is also given to a mixture of lecithin 
and cerebrin, myelin, which is considered by Liebreich 
the chief constituent of nervous tissue. When broken 
down with water, glycerin, etc., it assumes the shape 
of nerve-tubes, granules, nucleated cells, etc. 
Protea mellifera, pro'te-ah mel-lif'er-ah (after Pro- 
teus). A South African plant, ord. Proteaceae, whose PROTEAN 
involucra and flowers contain a great deal of honey. 
By inspissation it forms a delicious syrup, Syrupus 
proteus, which is much used in pulmonary affections. 
P. lepidocarpon and some other Proteae supply the same 
kind of juice. 
Protean, pro'te-an (from Proteus, who could assume 
various shapes). Assuming different forms. 
Protective (pro-tek'tiv) dress'ing. Carbolized 
oiled silk used in antiseptic surgery, placed over the 
wound to exclude bacteria. Other substances, simi- 
larly employed, may be called protectives. See Anti- 
septic. 
Proteic, pro'te-ik. Proteinous. P. sub'stances, 
proteids. 
Proteids, pro'te-ids. Proteic substances. In the 
classification of aliments, such as are made up of 
albumen, casein, gluten, and their allies, and gelatin, 
and which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 
nitrogen, and some of them sulphur and phosphorus, 
have been called by Kirkes Proteids. P., bacte'rial, 
albuminous, peptonoid, or other substances formed by 
fermentative action of germs. P., bacte'rial cell'- 
ular, similar substances forming an integral part of 
the bacterial cells. 
Proteiformis, pro-te-e-for'mis. Protean. P. mor'- 
bus, disease assuming various characters. 
Protein, pro'te-in (proteia, first rank or place). Pro- 
teine, Proteina. A product of the decomposition of 
albumen, etc. by potassa. When, according to Mul- 
der, animal albumen, fibrin, or casein is dissolved in 
a moderately strong solution of caustic potassa, and 
the solution is exposed for some time to a high tem- 
perature, these substances are decomposed. The ad- 
dition of acetic acid causes, in all three, the separa- 
tion of a gelatinous translucent precipitate which has 
exactly the same characters and composition. This 
is protein. Protein having been regarded as the basis 
of animal and vegetable fibrin, albumen, casein, and 
gluten, they have been entitled the proteinaceous ali- 
mentary principles. 
Proteinaceous, pro-te-in-a'she-us. Proteinous. 
Proteinous, pro'te-in-us. Proteinaceous, Proteic. 
Of or belonging to protein-as a proteinous alimentary 
principle. For proteinous the word albuminous is now 
generally substituted. 
Protensiones glandulares, pro-ten-se-o'nees glan- 
du-la'rees (pro, tendo, tensum, to stretch). Mammil- 
lary eminences. 
Proteolysis, pro-te-ol'is-is (lusis, dissolving). Change 
brought about in proteids during digestion. 
Proteolytic, pro-te-o-lit'ik. Referring to proteolysis 
or digestion of proteids. See Ferments and Enzymes. 
Proteo'ses. Intermediate products formed in di- 
gestion of proteids, as hemipeptone, etc. 
Proteus, pro'te-us (Proteus, name of sea-god). Ge- 
nus of Schizomycetes, forming cocci and rods-P. mi- 
rabilis, P. vulgaris, P. Zenkeri, P. capsulatus septicus, 
P. hominis capsulatus. 
Prothesis, proth'es-is. Prosthesis. 
Prothet'ic. Prosthetic. 
Protista, pro-tis'tah (protistos, the very first). Ac- 
cording to Haeckel, unicellular organisms between the 
animal and vegetable; first forms of living matter. 
Protmesis, prot-ma'sis (pro, temno, to cut). Umbili- 
cus. 
Pro'to (protos, first). In composition, first. 
Protoalbumose, pro-to-al'bu-moze. Form of albu- 
mose, soluble in water, and convertible into deutero- 
albumose and peptone. 
Protoblast, pro'to-blast (protos, blastos, germ). Pro- 
toplasm. 
Protocaseose, pro-to-kas'e-oze. First product 
formed in digestion of casein. 
Protochlo'ride of mer'cury. Mercurous chloride. 
Protococcus dentalis, pro-to-kok'kus den-tal'is. A 
fungus occurring in connection with vegetable decay 
or caries of the teeth. 
Protoelastose, pro-to-e-las'toze. Primary product 
of elastin by cleavage. 
Protogala, pro-tog'al-ah (proto, gala, milk). Colos- 
trum. 
920 
PROTUBERANCE 
Protoglobulose, pro-to-glob'u-loze. Product of 
globulin, formed by action of gastric juice. 
Protoiatros, pro-to-e-at'ros (proto, iatros, physician). 
The chief physician. See Archiater. 
Protomedicus, pro-to-med'ik-us. The chief physi- 
cian. See Archiater. 
Protomus, pro'to-mus (pro, tome, section). Dis- 
sector. 
Protomyosinose, pro-to-me'o-sin-oze. Primary 
product formed in digestion of myosin with gastric 
juice, convertible into deuteromyosinose by being 
subjected to further action of pepsin. 
Protonephrium, pro-to-nef're-um (proto, nephros, 
kidney). Corpus Wolffianum. 
Protoni'trate of mer'cury. Mercurous nitrate. 
Proto-organism, pro-to-or'gan-izm. Being whose 
animal or vegetable nature is so difficult of deter- 
mination that it might be referred to either one or 
the other division of organized bodies. See Zoophyte. 
Protopatilia, pro-to-path-e'ah (proto, pathos, affec- 
tion). Idiopathia. 
Protopepsia, pro-to-pep'se-ah (protos, first, pepsis, 
digestion). Primary digestion occurring in the ali- 
mentary tract independent of the products of the walls 
of the intestine, the liver, or other organs. 
Protophyte, pro'to-fite (proto, phuton, plant). Vege- 
table production at the foot of the scale, as a cryptog- 
amous plant-a fungus. Various diseases have been 
ascribed to the reception of protophytes into the 
blood. 
Protopia (pro-to'pe-ah) or Proto'pine. C20H19NO5. 
Derivative from opium and one or two other plants 
of same order; similar to cryptopia. 
Protopla'sis. First stage in formation of tissue. 
Formation of protoplasmic tissue. 
Protoplasm, pro'to-plazm (proto, plasso, to form). 
The blastema in the sense of cytoblastema; the cell- 
sap or cell-contents. Also the liquid contained in 
the cavities of vegetable cells, or in the embryonic 
cells, when the embryo has as yet no blood, which 
liquid is capable, like the liquor sanguinis, of furnish- 
ing materials for the origin of other anatomical ele- 
ments. 
Protoplasmic, pro-to-plaz'mik. Relating to the 
protoplasm. P. processes of Die'ters, the thick- 
branched processes of the large centric ganglion cells. 
Protoplast, pro'to-plast (proto, plasso, to form). 
Primary formation; first-formed organized body, 
the parent of all others. 
Protosomites, pro-to-so'mit-ees (proto, soma, body). 
Primitive segments of an embryonic worm. 
Pro'tospasm, cru'ral. See Crural. 
Protosporos, pro-tos'po-ros (proto, speiro, to sow). 
Os uteri. 
Protover'tebrse. Primitive vertebrae in embryo. 
Protover'tebral col'umn or plate. Column of cells 
situate along the medullary groove, from which the 
protovertebrse originate. 
Protovitel'lose. Product of phytovitellin by the 
gastric juice, convertible into deuterovitellose when 
subjected to further action of pepsin and acid. 
Protoxide, pro-toks'id (proto, oxide). That member 
of a series of oxides containing a single atom of oxy- 
gen combined with a single bivalent atom. 
Protozo'a or Protozoids, pro-to-zo'ids (proto, zoon, 
animal, eidos, resemblance). Spermatozoa. 
Protozoon, pro-to-zo'on (proto, zoon, animal). An 
animal lowest in the scale, as infusoria, sponges, etc. 
Protractor, pro-trak'tor. Name given to several 
muscles. Also a surgical instrument. 
Protractores anguli oris, pro-trak-to'rees an'gu-le 
o'ris. Accessorii orbicularis oris. 
Protrahens lentis, pro'trah-hens len'tis (pro, traho, 
to draw). Ciliary muscle. 
Protrusion, pro-tru'zhun (pro, trudo, trusum, to 
thrust). Prolapsus. 
Protrusor, pro-tru'sor. Detrusor urinae. 
Protuberance, pro-tu'ber-ance (pro, before, tuber, 
projection). Boss. Name given to rough, unequal 
protuberances seen at the surface of certain organs: 
parietal protuberances, for example. P., an'nular, PROTUBERANTIA 
pons Varolii. P., cer'ebral, medulla oblongata; pons 
Varolii. 
Protuberantia, pro-tu-ber-an'she-ah. Eminence; 
protuberance. P. annula'ris Willis'ii, pons Varolii. 
P. basila'ris, pons Varolii. P. cylin'drica, cornu 
ammonis. 
Proud flesh. See Fungosity. 
Proventriculus, pro-ven-trik'u-lus (pro, ventriculus, 
stomach). Second stomach. Bulbous expansion at the 
termination of the oesophagus, immediately above the 
gizzard, of birds, the walls of which are thickly 
studded with a layer of glands or follicles which 
secrete a digestive fluid. 
Prov'erb, med'ical. A proverbial expression fre- 
quently contains sound sense in its directions. In 
medicine the greatest collection is in the Regimen of 
Health of the School of Salernum, composed in the 
11th century by John of Milan. Yet, although 
good sense is often inculcated, we frequently meet 
with the reverse. Most of the proverbs are hygienic. 
Proversio, pro-vur'she-o (pro, verto, versum, to 
turn). Anteversion. 
Provocatorius, pro-vo-cat-o're-us (pro, voco, voca- 
tum, to call). Intercalary. 
Proximad, proks'im-ad. See Proximal aspect. 
Proximal, proks'im-al (proximus, next). Proxi- 
mate, nearest, next. P. as'pect, aspect toward the 
trunk in the course of an extremity (Barclay). 
Proximad is used by the same writer adverbially to 
signify toward the trunk. 
Proximate (proks'im-at) principles. See Prin- 
ciples and Organic. 
Pruna, pru'nah. Anthrax. 
Prune. Prunum. 
Prune-juice expectoration or spu'ta. Sputa re- 
sembling prune-juice occurring in the third or puru- 
lent stage of pneumonia. 
Prunella, pru-nel'lah (dim. of Prunum). Angina 
pectoris; aphthae; cynanche; pupil; P. officinalis. P. 
officina'lis, Self heal, Healall, Bugle; ord. Labiate. 
This plant has been recommended as an astringent in 
hemorrhages and fluxes, and also in gargles against 
aphthae, and in inflammation of the fauces; hence its 
name (from G. br'dune, sore throat). P. vulga'ris, P. 
officinalis. 
Prunellae (pru-nel'le) sal. Potassse nitras fusus sul- 
phatis paucillo mixtus. 
Prunel'loe. Prunum Brignolense. 
Pruneola sylvestris, pru-ne'o-lah syl-ves'tris. Pru- 
nus spinosa. 
Prunes. See Prunum. P., med'icated, see Prunum. 
Pruni pulpa, pru'ne pul'pah. Pulp of prunes. 
Pru'nin. Cerasin. 
Pru'num. Dried plum, Prune. Three sorts of 
prunes have been usually ranked among the articles 
of the materia medica: 1. Prunum Brignolense, Brig- 
noli plum, or prunelloe, from Brignole in Provence, is 
of a reddish-yellow color, and has a very grateful, 
sweet, subacid taste; 2. Prunum Gallicum, French 
prune; 3. Prunum Damascenum, Damson, formerly 
Damascene, Babylon. All these possess the same 
general properties as the other summer fruits, and 
are emollient and laxative. Prunum (Ph. U. S. and 
Br.) is the fruit of Prunus domestica. Under the 
name of Medicated prunes a confection is made by 
adding prunes to concentrated infusion of senna, and 
evaporating with a gentle heat, adding sugar. P. 
stella'tum, Averrhoa carambola. 
Prunus acacia, pru'nus ak-ah'se-ah. Prunus padus. 
P. Armeni'aca, Apricot; ord. Rosacese; the apricot, 
Melum Armeniacum, when ripe, is easily digested, 
and considered a great delicacy. P. a'vium, Black 
cherry tree; the fruit is eaten, and a gum exudes from 
the tree, the properties of which are like those of gum 
arabic. P. Cap'ulln, Capuli, grows in the open fields 
of Peru; is cultivated in gardens in towns; fruit is 
acid, and not often eaten; on account of its agree- 
able odor it is used in making Pucheros de fores, 
or with odoriferous flowers to perfume linen. P. 
cer'asus, Red cherry tree; fruit, Cerasum, Cerasion, 
has a pleasant, acidulous, sweet flavor; see Prunus 
921 
PSAMMISMUS 
avium. P. cocomil'ia, tree native of Italy, where 
it is used as a febrifuge. P. domes'tica, Plum or 
Damson tree. The damson when perfectly ripe af- 
fords a wholesome fruit for pies, tarts, etc.; gently 
laxative; see Prunum. P. horten'sis, P. cera- 
sus. P. insit'ia, Bullace plum tree. Fruit of this tree 
is used like the damson. P. laurocer'asus, Poison 
laurel, Cherry laurel, Common laurel. The leaves, 
Laurocerasi folia (Ph. Br.), have a bitter, styptic taste, 
with the flavor of bitter almonds; the powdered 
leaves applied to the nostrils excite sneezing; the 
flavor of the leaves has given occasion to their being 
employed in tarts, custards, etc., but in large quan- 
tities they are poisonous. The poisonous principle is 
the prussic acid. Distilled water, called Laurel-water, 
is poisonous; see Poisons, table of. An Aqua laurocer- 
asi, Cherry-laurel water, has been officinal in various 
pharmacopoeias. P. macrophyl'la, P. avium. P. pa'- 
dus, Wild cluster or Bird cherry tree ; bark of the tree 
has a fragrant smell and a bitter, subastringent taste, 
somewhat similar to that of bitter almonds ; has been 
recommended in intermittents, etc. in the form of 
decoction; berries have been used in dysentery. P. 
sebeste'na, sebestena. P. seroti'na, Cerasus serotina. 
P. spino'sa, Sloe tree. The fruit-sloe-is sometimes 
employed in gargles, and was formerly much used in 
hemorrhage, owing to its astringent properties. The 
Acacia nostras, Pruneola sylvestris, is obtained from 
this. P. sylves'tris, P. avium, P. spinosa. P. Vir- 
ginia'na, Choke cherry, Wild cherry tree. P. Virginiana 
(Ph. U. S.) is the bark of P. serotina, collected in 
autumn. Bark of this tree has been found useful in 
intermittents; leaves are poisonous to certain animals, 
and the berries intoxicate different kinds of birds. 
The Indians use the bark in the cure of syphilis; it 
is bitter and astringent, and possesses some aromatic 
warmth, and likewise a sedative quality; is stimulant 
and tonic; the leaves and bark yield prussic acid. 
Distilled oil of the bark is very nearly identical with 
that of the bitter almond; a strong decoction of the 
bark is anthelmintic. P. vulga'ris, P. padus. 
Pruriginous, pru-rij'in-us. Relating, belonging to, 
or resembling prurigo. 
Prurigo, pru-re'go (prwrio, pruritum, to itch). Pru- 
ritus, Cnesmus, Scabies papuliformis, Exormia. The 
word is often used synonymously with itching. The 
term has been used for a genus of cutaneous dis- 
eases, the characteristic symptoms of which are a se- 
vere itching, accompanied by an eruption of papulse 
of nearly the same color as the adjoining cuticle. 
Affects the whole surface of the skin, under three 
varieties of form-the P. mitis, P. formicans, P. seni- 
lis, etc.-as well as some parts of the body, as the P. 
podicis and P. pudendi muliebris, pudendagra pru- 
riens, pruritus vulvse. P. pedicula'ris, phtheiriasis. 
Pruritus, pru-re'tus (prurio, to itch). Gargalus; 
heat; itching; prurigo. P. a'ni, itching of the anus; 
usually a symptom of rectal or intestinal irritation, 
disease of the rectum, constipation, etc.; symptoms 
may be relieved by external applications, but the 
cause must also be sought for and treated. P. hiema'- 
lis, form occurring in winter. P. vul'va, see Prurigo. 
Prussian (proo'shuu) blue. Tritohydroferroeyanate, 
Ferrocyanide, Ferrocyo.nuret, or Ferroprussiate of iron, 
Pure Prussian blue. It is chiefly used in the prepara- 
tion of hydrocyanic acid and the cyanide of mer- 
cury ; has been advised in the treatment of inter- 
mittents and in epilepsy and scrofulosis. Externally, 
it has been applied to ill-conditioned ulcers (3j to 
5j of cerate). 
Prussiate (prush'e-ate) of pot'ash. Potassium 
ferrocyanide. 
Prussic (proos'ik) ac'id. Hydrocyanic acid. 
Prus'sin. Cyanogen. 
Psalidium, sal-id'e-um (psalidion, dim. of psalis). 
Fornix. 
Psalis, sal'is (psalis). Fornix; scissors. 
Psalterium, sal-ta're-um (psalterion, dim. of psal- 
ter, a psaltery) Lyre; omasum. 
Psamma, sam'mah (psamme). See Gravel. 
Psammismus, sam-mis'mus (psammos, sand). The PSAM MOCARCI NOMA 
application of sand to any part of the body for the 
cure of disease, as by a means of a hot sand-bath. 
Psammocarcinoma, sam-mo-kar-sin-o'mah (psam- 
mos, sand, carcinoma). Carcinoma containing calca- 
reous deposits. 
Psammo'des (psammos, odes). Sabulous. 
Psammo'ma (psammos, sand, oma). Tumor which 
consists of globular lime-concretions, or sand-bodies, 
corpora chalcedonica, limited to the choroid plexuses 
and dura mater. 
Psammus, sam'mus (psammos) See Gravel. 
Pselaphia (sel-af'e-ah) or Pselaphesis, sel-af-a'sis 
(psallo, to pluck, haphe, touch). Palpation; touch. 
Searching around with the fingers, as in cases of 
delirium. 
Psellismus, sel-lis'mus (psellizo, to stutter). Im- 
perfect or depraved state of the articulation. P. na'- 
sitas, speaking through the nose; a nasal voice. P. 
rhotacis'mus, rotacism or vicious pronunciation of 
the letter r. 
Psellotes, sel'lo-tees (pseWofes). Balbuties; psellis- 
mus. 
Pseudacacia odorata, su-dak-ash'e-ah o-do-rat'ah 
(pseudo, acacia). Eobinia pseudacacia. 
Pseudacoe, su-dak'o-a (pseudo, dkoe, audition). 
False or illusional hearing. 
Pseudaconine, su-dak'o-neen. Amorphous alkaloid 
derived from pseudaconitine. 
Pseudaconitine, su-dak-on'it-een. Crystallizable 
alkaloid obtained from Aconitum ferox; very poi- 
sonous. 
Pseudacorus, su-dak'o-rus (pseudo, acorus). Iris 
pseudacorus. 
Pseudacu'sis. Pseudacoe. 
Pseudsesthesia (su-dees-the'ze-ah) or Pseudsesthe'- 
sis (pseudo, aisthesis, feeling or sensation). Depraved 
feeling. Sensation or perception experienced in ab- 
sence of any great irritation of the peripheral end- 
organs or of the connecting parts. Imaginary sense 
of touch or general feeling in organs that have no 
existence; common to those who have suffered am- 
putation, and to hypochondriacs and the insane. 
Pseudalei mortal, su-dal'e-e mor'be (pseudaleos, 
counterfeit). Feigned diseases. 
Pseudalius trichina, su-dal'e-us trik-e'nah. Trich- 
ina spiralis. 
Pseudamnesia, su-dam-na'se-ah (pseudo, amnesia, 
memory). False memory. 
Pseudangusturinum, su-dan-gus-tu-re'num (pseudo, 
angustura, false angustura). Brucine. 
Pseudaphe (su'daf-e) or Pseudaph'ia (pseudo, haphe, 
touch, feeling). Pseudsesthesia. 
Pseudargomorphosis, su-dar-go-mor-fo'sis (pseudo, 
argos, active, morphosis, formation). Membranous en- 
teritis. 
Pseudarthritis, su-dar-thre'tis (pseudo, arthritis). 
Supposed affection of a joint resembling arthritis. 
Pseudarthrosis, su-dar-thro'sis (pseudo, arthron, a 
joint). False joint or articulation. 
Pseudarticuiatio, su-dar-tik-u-lah'she-o. Pseudar- 
throsis. 
Pseudecoia, su-de-ko'e-ah. False hearing. 
Pseudelminthes, su-del-min'thees (pseudo, helmins, 
worm). Ectozoa. 
Pseudencephalus, su-den-sef'al-us (pseudo, en- 
Icephalos, the encephalon). Paracephalus. Monster 
whose cranium is open in its whole extent, from be- 
fore to behind, its base supporting a vascular tumor. 
The vertebrae may also be seriously implicated. 
Pseudinoma, su-din-o'mah (pseudo, is, inos, fibre, 
oma). Scirrhus. 
Pseudo, su'do (pseudes, false). Dyspnoea. 
Pseudo-aesthe'sia. See Pseudsesthesia. 
Pseudo-angina, su'do-an-je'nah. Hysterical or false 
angina, emotional in character, and not associated 
with cardiac disease. 
Pseudoblepsia, su-do-blep'se-ah (pseudo, blepsis, 
sight). False sight. Perversion or illusion of vision. 
See Metamorphopsia. 
Pseudotalepsis, su-do-blep'sis. See Pseudoblepsia. 
Pseudobulbar paralysis, su-do-bul'bar par-al'is-is. 
922 
! PSEUDOM ELANOT1C 
Disease resembling bulbar paralysis, but in reality 
due to disease of both cerebral hemispheres. 
Pseudocalculi, su-do-kal'ku-le (false calculi). Co- 
agulated blood, fibrin, urostealith, etc. may assume 
such a shape as to resemble calculi and be mistaken 
for them. 
Pseudocarcinoma (su-do-kar-sin-o'mah) la'hii. 
Cancer aquaticus. 
Pseudocataracta, su-do-kat-ar-ak'tah. See Cata- 
ract. 
Pseudochorea, su-do-ko-re'ah. Under this head- 
false chorea-may be included tic de salaam, chorea 
of the diaphragm, c. of the larynx, etc. 
Pseudochromsesthesia, su-do-krome-ees-the'ze-ah. 
Illusional perception of things seen, words or letters 
appearing of different colors. 
Pseudochromia, su-do-kro'me-ah {pseudo, chroma, 
color). Faulty perception of colors. 
Pseudocoelia, su-do-se'le-ah. Fifth ventricle. 
Pseudocroup, su'do-kroop. Asthma thymicum. 
Pseudocurarine, su-do-ku-rar'een. Alkaloid found 
in Nerium oleander. 
Pseudocyesis, su-do-se-a'sis {pseudo, kuesis, preg- 
nancy). Pregnancy, false. P. mola'ris, mole. 
Pseudodesma, su-do-dez'mah. False ligament. 
Pseudo-encephali/tis(j?sewdo, encephalus, itis). Hy- 
drencephaloid disease. 
Pseudo-erysipelas, su'do-er-e-sip'e-las {pseudo, ery- 
sipelas). Diffuse phlegmonous inflammation of the 
skin, red and painful, with fever, and generally end- 
ing in suppuration. 
Pseudofever, su-do-fe'ver. Morbid irritation. 
Pseudoganglion, su-do-gan'gle-on. False ganglion ; 
thickening of a nerve. P. of Boch'dalek, enlarge- 
ment of branch of middle alveolar nerve. P. of cir'- 
cumflex nerve, expansion of branch of nerve which 
goes to the teres major. P. of Cloquet (klo-ka'), 
thickening of palatine rami of naso-palatine nerve. 
P., Val'entin's, thickening at junction of divisions 
of middle alveolar ramus of nervus maxillaris. 
Pseudogeusia (su-do-gu'se-ah) or Pseudogeus'tia 
{pseudo, geusis, taste). False taste. 
Pseudogeus'tia. Pseudogeusia. 
Pseudogonorrhoea, su-do-gon-or-rhe'ah {pseudo, 
gonorrhoea). See Gonorrhoea. 
Pseudohelminthes, su-do-hel-min'thees {pseudo, hel- 
mins). Ectozoa. 
Pseudohermaphroditism {pseudo, false). Condition 
in which the glands of one sex are present, usually 
those of the male, with other portions of the genital 
apparatus mixed or intermediate. See Hermaphrodite. 
Pseudohydropho'bia. Convulsive actions, of a 
hysterical kind, in one who thinks he has been 
bitten by a mad dog. 
Pseudohypertrophic muscular paralysis (su-do- 
hi-per-trof'ik mus'ku-lar par-al'is-is) or pal'sy. See 
Paralysis, pseudohypertrophic. 
Pseudohypertrophy, su-do-hi'per-trof-e {huper, tre- 
pho, to nourish). Enlargement without increase of 
substance. Pseudohypertrophy of the muscles is not 
associated with any lesion of the central or periph- 
eral nervous system, but is a marked atrophy of the 
muscles in young persons, which is hidden by a 
decided increase in adipose tissue. 
Pseudojervine, su-do-jur'veen. Alkaloid obtained 
from white hellebore. 
Pseudoleuksemia, su-do-lu-ke'me-ah {pseudo, leu- 
kos, haima, blood). Affection generally described as 
Hodgkin's disease. See Hodgkin. 
Pseudolien, su-do-le'en {pseudo, lien, spleen). 
Glands situate in the neighborhood of the spleen; 
probably lymphatic glands. 
Pseudomania, su-do-man'e-ah {pseudo, mania). 
Hysterical form of insanity in which an innocent 
person accuses himself of a crime he did not commit. 
Pseudomechoacana, su-do-mek-o-ak-an'ah. Con- 
volvulus panduratus. 
Pseudomedicus, su-do-med'ik-us {pseudo, medicus, 
physician). Charlatan. 
Pseudomelanotic (su-do-mel-an-ot'ik) formation 
{pseudo, melas, black). See Anthracosis. PSEUDOMEM BRAN A 
Pseudomembrana, su-do-mem-bran'ah (pseudo, 
membrane'). False membrane. 
Pseudomembrane, su-do-mem'bran. False mem- 
brane. 
Pseudomembranous, su-do-mem'bra-nus. Relating 
or appertaining to false membranes. 
Pseudomeningitis, su-do-men-in-je'tis (pseudo, men- 
ingitis). Morbid state of functional disturbance of the 
brain and meninges. 
Pseudomen'inx. False membrane. 
Pseudomenstruation, su-do-men-stru-a'shun. Flow 
of blood from the uterus resembling the menstrual 
flow, due to a pathological cause. 
Pseudometamorpho'sis polypo'sa. Polypus. 
Pseudomorphia (su-do-mor'fe-ah) or Pseudomor'- 
phine. C17H19NO4. An alkaloid of opium, seldom 
used medicinally. 
Pseudomorphosis, su-do-mor-fo'sis (pseudo, mor- 
phosis, shaping). Formation of diseased or abnormal 
structure. 
Pseudomyxoma peritonei, su-do-miks-o'mah per-e- 
to-ne'e. Peritonitis arising from colloid contents of 
cysts of the ovaries. 
Pseudonarcissus, su-do-nar-sis'sus. Narcissus pseu- 
donarcissus. 
Pseudonarcotism, su-do-nar'ko-tizm. Nervous con- 
dition having the appearance of narcosis, sometimes 
met with at the menstrual periods or at the change 
of life. 
Pseudonavicella, su-do-nav-is-el'lah (pseudo, navi- 
cella, small boat). Embryonic shape of a gregarine. 
Pseudonomania, su-don-o-man'e-ah (pseudo, mania). 
Form of insanity which is characterized by a morbid 
propensity for lying. 
Pseudo-osteomalacic pelvis, su'do-os-te-o-mal-as'ik 
pel'vis. Pelvis triloba due to rickets. 
Pseudoparalysis, su-do-par-al'is-is (false paralysis). 
See Dystaxia. P. ag'itans, dystaxia. 
Pseudoparasites, su-do-par'as-ites. Ectozoa. 
Pseudopelletierine, su-do-pel'le-teer-een. Alkaloid 
discovered by Tanret in bark of pomegranate. 
Pseudoperipneumonia, su-do-per-e-nu-mo'ne-ah. 
Peripneumonia notha. 
Pseudophlogo'sis ventric'uli resoluti'va et col- 
liquati'va (pseudo, phlogosis, inflammation). Gastro- 
malacia. 
Pseudophthisis, su-do-te'sis (false phthisis). 
Emaciation occasioned by other causes than organic 
lesion of the lungs. 
Pseudoplasm, su'do-plazm. See Pseudoplasmata. 
Pseudoplasmata, su-do-plaz'mat-ah (pl. of Pseudo- 
plasma) (pseudo, plasso, to form). Term applied to 
malignant heterologous tumors. 
Pseudopleuritis, su-do-plu-re'tis. Pleurodynia. 
Pseudopneumonia, su-do-nu-mo'ne-ah. Peripneu- 
monia notha. 
Pseudopneumonitis, su-do-nu-mo-ne'tis. Peripneu- 
monia notha. 
Pseudopodia, su-do-po'de-ah (pseudo, pous, foot). 
Protrusion of protoplasm in mycetozoa by which the 
body may move. 
Pseudopol'ypi. See Polypi. 
Pseudopsia, su-dop'se-ah (pseudo, opsis, vision). 
Pseudoblepsia. 
Pseudopyr'ethrum. Achillea ptarmica. 
Pseudoraphse, su-dor'ah-fe (pseudo, rhaphe, suture). 
False sutures, as the transverse fissures running into 
the lambdoidal suture on each side. 
Pseudorasis, su-do-ra'sis (pseudo, orao, I see). Pseu- 
doblepsia. 
Pseudorexia, su-do-reks'e-ah (pseudo, orexis, appe- 
tite). False appetite. See Malaxia. 
Pseudorrhoncus, su-dor-rhon'kus (pseudo, rhonchos, 
rattle). Sound heard during respiration which ap- 
pears to be produced like the ordinary rhonchi in the 
air-tubes, but is exterior to them-as in the case of 
pleural pseudorrhonchi. See Rattle and Rdle. 
Pseudosclerosis, su-do-skler-o'sis. Disease resem- 
bling sclerosis, but not presenting the anatomical 
lesions. 
Pseudoscopic, su-do-skop'ik (pseudo, skopeo, to 
923 
5 PSOIXE 
view). Conveying false impressions to the eye, as 
where projecting surfaces are seen depressed, and 
conversely. 
Pseudosmia, su-dos'me-ah (pseudo, osme, smell). 
False sense of smell. 
Pseudosphresia, su-dos-fra'ze-ah (pseudo, osphresis, 
smell). False sense of smell. 
Pseu'dospleen. See Pseudolien. 
Pseudostomata, su-do-stom'at-ah (pseudo, stoma, 
mouth). Supposed outlets ou surface of a serous 
membrane, considered to be the mouths of lymphatic 
vessels. 
Pseudosyphilis, su-do-sif'il-is. Syphilis pseudo- 
syphilis. 
' Pseudothan'atus (pseudo, thanatos, death). As- 
phyxia. 
Pseudotoxin, su-do-toks'in (pseudo, toxicum, poison). 
Extractive matter obtained from belladonna. 
Pseudotrichinosis, su-do-trik-in-o'sis (pseudo, thrix, 
hair). Variety of acute parenchymatous polymyosi- 
tis, in which the muscles generally are inflamed, but 
not dependent, as in trichinosis, on presence of trich- 
ina spiralis. 
Pseudovariolse, su-do-var-e'o-le. Varicella. 
Pseudoxanthin, su-doks-an'thin (pseudo, xanthos, 
yellow). Leucomaine found in fresh muscle-tissue 
in beef. 
Pseudymen, su'dim-en (pseudo, hymen, membrane). 
False membrane. 
Psidium pomiferum, sid'e-um po-mif 'er-um. Apple 
guava, Guava, GuayaVa; ord. Myrtacese. This plant 
and P. pyriferum bear fruits; those of the former like 
apples, of the latter like pears. The apple kind has 
an acid flavor, the other is sweet. Of the inner pulp 
of either the natives of the Indies make jellies, and 
of the outer rind, tarts, marmalades, etc. They are 
somewhat astringent; this quality, indeed, exists in 
every part of the tree, and abundantly in the leaf-buds, 
which are occasionally boiled with barley and lico- 
rice as an excellent drink in diarrhoea. Simple de- 
coction of the leaves is said to be useful in itch and 
most cutaneous eruptions. 
Psilosis, sil-o'sis (psiloo, to remove the hair). De- 
pilation. 
Psilothrum, sil-o'thrum (psiloo, to remove the hair). 
Bryonia alba. Depilatory. 
Pslmythion, sim-ith'e-on (psimuthion). Plumbi 
subcarbonas. 
Psimythus, sim-ith'us (psimuthos. Plumbi sub- 
carbonas. 
Psoa, so'ah. An offensive odor; a stench. 
Psoadic, so-ad'ik. Relating to the loins or the psoas 
muscles. 
Psoadotomia, so-ad-o-tom'e-ah (psoas, tome, incis- 
ion). Incision into the psoas muscles. 
Psose, so'e (psoai). Psose muscles. See Lumbi 
(loins). 
Psoas abscess, so'as ab'sess (psoai, the loins). 
Lumbar abscess. P. mag'nus, muscle seated on the 
lateral parts of the lumbar portion of the vertebral 
column, and passing down to the superior and anterior 
part of the thigh. It is long, fusiform, and attached 
above to the body and transverse processes of the first 
four lumbar vertebrae and last dorsal. Below, it ter- 
minates by a very thick tendon, common to it and 
the iliacus muscle, which is inserted into the top of 
the lesser trochanter. This muscle bends the thigh 
upon the pelvis and carries it in rotation outward. 
It may also bend the pelvis on the thigh and the 
loins on the pelvis. It acts considerably in station and 
progression. P. par'vus, muscle situate anteriorly to 
the last; is long, thin, flat, and narrow, and is at- 
tached, above, to the body of the last dorsal vertebra, 
and, below, to the linea ileopectinea, by means of a 
slender tendon which furnishes two expansions-one 
to the iliac aponeurosis, and the other to the pelvis. 
This muscle bends the vertebral column on the pelvis 
and, reciprocally, the pelvis on the vertebral column. 
Psodymus, sod'im-us (psoai, loins, duo, to mingle). 
Gastrodidymus. 
Psoi'se. Psose. PSOITIS 
Psoitis, so-e'tis (psoai, loins, psoae muscles). In- 
flammation of the psoas muscles and of the parts 
situate before the lumbar vertebrae; accompanied, 
from its commencement, by considerable fever, vio- 
lent pains in the affected part and in the thigh of 
the same side, which remains commonly half bent. 
Psoitis may terminate by suppuration, and form a 
lumbar abscess. 
Psole, so'le (psoZe). Penis. Also the glans when 
uncovered. 
Psolon, so'lon (psole, penis). Having the penis ex- 
posed or circumcised. 
Psoloncus, so-lon'kus (psole, onkos, tumor). Swell- 
ing of the glans or of the penis generally. 
Psolus, so'lus (psolos). One who has the glans un- 
covered. One who has been circumcised. 
Psophometer, so-fom'e-tur (psophos, a sound, metron, 
a measure). Stethoscope. 
Psophus, so'fus. A noise; a sound. 
Psora, so'rah (psoo, to rub or scratch). Itch, Scratch. 
Contagious eruption of very minute pimples-pus- 
tular, vesicular, papular, intermixed, and alter- 
nating, itching intolerably and terminating in scabs. 
It is connected with an insect of the genus Acarus- 
the Acarus or Sarcoptes or Sarcoptus or Sarcocoptes 
or Phthirium or Cheyletes scabiei, Acarus ciro, Itch in- 
sect, Itch animalcule, Itch mite. The itch occupies, par- 
ticularly, the spaces between the fingers, the back of 
the hands, wrists, elbows, axillae, groins, hams, etc., 
and rarely affects the face. See Parasites. P. a'gria, 
psoriasis inveterata. P. ebrio'rum, Drunkard's itch, 
an eruption, attended by afflicting itching, to which 
elderly people who have been much addicted to 
drinking alcoholic liquors are liable. P. lepro'sa, 
psoriasis. P. squamo'sa, psoriasis. 
Psoralea, so-ral'e-ah (psoraleos, scurfy or scaly, in 
reference to its scurfy glands or dots). Psoralea 
pentaphylla. P. eglandulo'sa, see Psoralea glandulosa. 
P. esculen'ta, Brea'droot, Indian turnip; ord. Legu- 
minosae. Plant, resembling the beet in shape, which 
is found near the Rocky Mountains. It contains a 
white pulpy substance which is sweet and palatable. 
P. glandulo'sa, shrub used in Chili as a vulnerary; 
see Ilex Paraguensis. A leguminous plant called 
Psoralea eglandulosa, P. mellitoto'ides, growing in Ohio, 
Illinois, and Southern Virginia, is a gently stimulant 
tonic. P. mellitotoi'des, see Psoralea glandulosa. P. 
pentaphy lzla, Mexican contrayerva; root is little, if 
at all, inferior to the contrayerva in its medical prop- 
erties, which are unimportant. 
Psorelcoma, so-rel-ko'mah (psora, itch, helkoma, 
ulcer). Scabious ulcer. 
Psorelcosis (psora, itch, helkosis, ulceration). Ulcer- 
ation frequently occurring in scabies. 
Psorenteria (so-ren-ter'e-ah) or Psorentery, so-ren'- 
ter-e (psora, enteron, intestine). A peculiar condition 
of the solitary glands, in which they become smaller, 
yellowish, and prominent, the ileum appearing as if 
speckled with grains of sago. See Cholera. 
Psoriasis, so-re'as-is (Eng. so-ri'as-is) (psoriasis). 
Scaly tetter, Dry scale, Dry scall. A cutaneous affection, 
consisting of patches of rough, amorphous scales; con- 
tinuous or of indeterminate outline; skin often chappy. 
Psoriasis occurs under a considerable variety of forms. 
The surface under the scales is more tender and irrita- 
ble than in lepra, which psoriasis, in some respects, re- 
sembles. There are many recognized varieties of pso- 
riasis, the chief of which are Psoriasis guttata, P. diffusa, 
one form of which is the baker's itch, Psoriasis pis- 
torum or pistoris, and another the washerwoman's 
scall or itch, P. lotricum, the P. gyrata, and P. inveterata 
or Psora agri a. P. annula'ris or circina'ta, psoriasis 
extending to the periphery and disappearing in the 
centre. P., buc'cal, disease of the mucous membrane 
of the mouth, with white or whitish spots. P. infan'- 
tilis, infantile psoriasis, affecting young infants. P. 
nummula'ris, psoriasis in patches resembling coin. 
P. puncta'ta, psoriasis in the early stage; eruptions 
are about the size of a pin-head. P. rupioi'des is 
nothing more than lepra alphoides, with the scales 
heaped up to form crusts. 
924 
I PSYCHONOSEMA 
Psorlc, so'rik. That which has the nature of psora 
or itch. Medicine for curing the itch. 
Psorocomium, so-ro-ko-me'um {psora, komeo, to take 
care of). A hospital for those affected with itch. 
Psorodes, so-ro'dees. Psorous. 
Psoroid, so' roid (psora, eidos, resemblance). Resem- 
bling psora. 
Psorophthalmia, so-rof-thal'me-ah. Ophthalmia 
tarsi. P. neonato'rum, ophthalmia purulenta in- 
fantum. 
Psorospermia, so-ro-spurm'e-ah {psora, speiro, to 
sow). Rainey's capsules, Rainey's corpuscles or bodies. 
Small, oval, transparent bodies found in the flesh of 
oxen, sheep, pigs, etc. They consist of granular matter 
and lie within the sarcolemma, and lead to paralysis of 
the hind legs and nodular eruption. Somewhat sim- 
ilar bodies-psorosperms-have been detected in the 
liver of rabbits, and even in that of man. 
Psorospermosis follicularis, so-ro-spurm-o'sis fol- 
lik-u-lah'ris. Cutaneous affection in which papules 
are scattered over the whole body, the condition being 
variously described as ichthyosis follicularis, keratosis 
follicularis, ichthyosis sebacea, cornea, etc., character- 
ized by presence of unicellular parasitic organisms 
belonging to the animal kingdom. 
Pso'rosperms. See Psorospermia. 
Psorous, so'rus {psora). Appertaining or relating 
to itch; affected with the itch. 
Psyae, se'e. Psose. 
Psychagoga, sik-ag-o'gah. Psychagogica. 
Psychagogica, sik-ag-o'gik-ah {psycho, ago, to lead). 
Medicines which resuscitate when life seems extinct, 
as in syncope and apoplexy. 
Psychal, si'kal. Psychical. 
Psychalgia, sik-al'je-ah {psycho, algos, pain). Pain- 
ful mental feeling in melancholia. 
Psyche, sik'e. The mind; the breath. 
Psycheism, sik'e-izm {psyche). Animal magnetism; 
somnolence caused by massage or manipulation. 
Psychentonia, sik-en-ton'e-ah {psycho, entonia, ten- 
sion). Undue mental strain or tension. 
Psychiater, sik-e-at'ur. One who treats diseases 
of the mind-Mad-doctor, Alienist physician. 
Psychiatrei'a or Psychiatria, sik-e-at-re'ah {psycho, 
iatreia, healing). Treatment of diseases of the mind. 
Psychiatric, sik-e-at'rik. Relating to the treatment 
of diseases of the mind. 
Psychi'atry. Psychiatria. 
Psy'chic or Psychical, si'ke-kal {psyche, mind). 
Psychal. Relating to the mind or mental endowments. 
Psychological is not unfrequently used with the like 
signification. P. or Psychological med'icine includes 
the history, pathology, treatment, etc. of mental affec- 
tions. P. pal'sy or paral'ysis, palsy, hysterical. 
Psychlamp'sia {psycho, eklampo, to shine). Mania, 
so named under the view that it is a form of mental 
chorea. 
Psycho, se'ko {psuche, mind, soul). In composition, 
the mind, the soul. 
Psychocoma, sik-o-ko'mah {psycho, koma). Stupor 
of mind. 
Psychodynamy, si-ko-di'nam-e {psycho, dunamis). 
Magnetism of animals. 
Psychogenesis, sik-o-jen'es-is {psycho, genesis, 
origin). Origination and development of soul. 
Psychokine'sia {psycho, kinesis, motion). Impulsive 
form of insanity. 
Psychological, si-ko-loj'e-kal. See Psychical. 
Psychology, si-kol'o-je {psycho, logos, discourse). A 
treatise on the intellectual and moral faculties. Also 
the intellectual and moral faculties or sphere. 
Psychomotor, si-ko-mo'tor {psycho, motor, mover). 
Pertaining to such mental action as induces muscular 
action, or to cortical nerve-centres to which were as- 
signed the production ofvoluntary movement. P. cen'- 
tres, brain-centres immediately connected with volun- 
tary contractions. P. nerve'-fibres, nerve-fibres from 
psychomotor centres to place of origin of motor nerves. 
Psychoneuro'ses. Mental diseases. 
Psychonosema, sik-on-o-se'mah {psycho, nosema, 
disease). See Psychoses. PSYC H O N OSO LOG Y 
Psychonosology, sik-o-no-zol'o-je (psycho, nosos, dis- 
ease, logos, description). The doctrine of, or a treatise 
on, or a classification of, diseases of the mind. 
Psychoosmic centre, si-ko-os'inik sen'ter. Olfac- 
tory centre. 
Psychoparesis, sik-o-par'es-is (psycho, paresis, pa- 
ralysis). Mental weakness. 
Psychopathia, sik-o-path-e'ah (psycho, pathos, affec- 
tion). Disease of the mind. 
Psychopathies, si-kop'ath-ees. Psychoses. 
Psychopathist (si-kop'a-thist) or Psychopathis'ta. 
One versed in diseases or affections of the mind. 
Alienist. 
Psychop'athy. Mental disease. 
Psychophysic (si-ko-fiz'ik) law (psycho, phusikos, 
physical). Fechner's psychophysical law. See Law. 
Psychophysical (si-ko-fiz'ik-al) meth'ods. Meth- 
odical experiments for estimating the sensibility for 
small variations of sensation. 
Psychophysics, si-ko-fiz'iks. Science of relation 
existing between physical stimuli and the sensations 
which they cause. The application of physical laws 
to the study of mental phenomena. 
Psychophysiology, si-ko-fiz-e-ol'o-je (psycho, physi- 
ologia). Physical psychology. Mental physiology. 
Psychorhages, sik-or-rhaj'ees (psycho, rhage, rup- 
ture). Moribund. Dying; in articulo mortis, "in the 
article of death; " in extremis. Also one who is dying. 
Psychorhagia (si-ko-rhaj'e-ah) or Psychorrhag'ia. 
Death agony. 
Psych'orrhythm. Varying mental conditions in 
the same individual. 
Psychosensory, si-ko-sen'so-re (psycho, sensory). 
Relating to perception in one who perceives an object 
which is not really present. 
Psycho'ses. Diseases of the mind. 
Psychosin, si-ko'sin. Cerebroside found in brain- 
tissue. 
Psychosis, sik-o'sis (psycho, osis). Psychopathy. 
Neurosis of the intellect; disease of the mind. 
Psychotherapeia, sik-o-ther-ap-i'ah (psycho, thera- 
peuo, to attend upon the sick). Psychotherapeutics. 
Protracted application of the influence of the mind 
on the body to the treatment of disease. 
Psychotherapeutics, sik-o-ther-ap-u'tiks (same ety- 
mon). Psychotherapeia. 
Psychotica, sik-o'tik-ah (psuchoo, to animate). Re- 
storatives. 
Psychotria crocea, sik-o'tre-ah kro'se-ah. Pali- 
courea crocea. P. emet'ica, ipecacuanha. 
Psychotrophum, sik-ot'ro-fum (psycho, trepho, to 
nourish). Betonica officinalis. 
Psychrolusia, sik-ro-lu'se-ah (psuchros, cold, louo, to 
wash). Cold bath. 
Psychrometer, sik-rom'et-ur (psuchros, cold, metron, 
measure). Hygrometer. 
Psychrophobia, sik-ro-fo'be-ah (psuchros, cold, pho- 
bos, fear). Dread of cold, especially of cold water; 
impressibility to cold. 
Psychrophore, si'kro-for (psuchros, cold, phero, to 
bear). Surgical instrument for applying current of 
cold water to the urethra. 
Psychtica, sik'tik-ah (psuchros, cold). Refrig- 
erants. 
Psychus, sik'us (psuchos). Cold. 
Psyclampsia, sik-lamp'se-ah. Condition in which 
the mind is exalted and over-active. 
Psydracia, sid-rah'se-ah (psudrax, small blister or 
pustule.). The ancients sometimes used this term for 
pimples; at other times for vesicles. A small pustule, 
often irregularly circumscribed, producing but a slight 
elevation of the cuticle, and terminating in a lami- 
nated scab. Many of the psydracia usually appear 
together and become confluent, and, after the dis- 
charge of pus, they pour out a thin, watery humor, 
which frequently forms an irregular incrustation. 
Sometimes the term is limited to a psoriform eruption, 
which differs from itch in not originating from an 
insect, and is not contagious-perhaps the lichen. 
Authors have differed regarding its acceptation. P. 
ac'ne, acne. P. therma'lls, an eruption on the sur- 
925 
PTERYGOID 
face of the skin following profuse warm and hot 
bathing. 
Psydracium, sid-ras'e-um (sing, of Psydracia). 
See Psydracia. 
Psyllium, sil'le-um {psulla or psullos, a flea, from 
the likeness of the seeds). Plantago psyllium. P. 
erec'tum, Plantago psyllium. 
Ptarmica, tar'mik-ah {ptarmos, sneezing). Achillea 
ptarmica. P. monta'na, Arnica montana. P. vul- 
ga'ris, Achillea ptarmica. 
Ptarmicum, tar'mik-um. Errhine; sternutatory. 
Ptarmus, tar'mus. Sneezing. 
Ptelea, tel'e-ah. Ulmus. P. trifolia'ta, Shrubby 
trefoil, Swamp dogwood, Stinking ash, Stinking prairie 
bush, Wingseed, Wafer ash, Hop tree; indigenous; ord. 
Xanthoxylacese. Said to be possessed of antiperiodic 
virtues and to be anthelmintic. 
Pteleorrhine, tel-e-or'rheen {ptelea, elm, rhis, nose). 
Condition of anterior nares when asymmetry of aper- 
tures exists. 
Pterion, ter'e-on {pteron, feather). In craniometry, 
that region where the end of ala magna of the sphe- 
noid approaches the frontal, parietal, and temporal 
bones. 
Pteris, ter'is {pterux, wing, from the shape of the 
leaves). Polypodium filix mas. P. aquili'na, Com- 
mon brake or bracken, Female fern, Eagle fern, Bracken ; 
ord. Filices. Root is considered to be anthelmintic, 
and as efficacious as that of the male fern in cases of 
tapeworm. P. palus'tris, Asplenium filix foemina. 
Pterna, tur'nah. Calcaneum. 
Pternium, tur'ne-um {pternion, dim. of pterna, 
the heel). Calcaneum. 
Pternobates, ter-nob'at-ees {pterna, baino, to walk). 
One who walks on his heels. 
Pterocarpus (ter-o-kar'pus) {pteron, wing, karpos, 
fruit) erina'cea. See Kino. P. marsu'pium, see 
Kino. P. sandali'nus, P. santalinus. P. santali'nus, 
Bed sanders or saunders tree; ord. Leguminosae. Red 
saunders wood. Santalum (Ph. U. S.), Pterocarpi lig- 
num (Ph. Br.), Lignum sandalinum, is used only as 
a coloring matter; it gives to rectified spirit a fine 
deep red. The juice of this tree, like that of P. 
draco, affords a species of Dragon's blood. 
Pterocaulon pycnostachyum, ter-o-kawl'on pik-no- 
stak'e-um {pteron, wing, kaulos, stalk, puknos, thick, 
stachus, ear or spike). Blackroot. Indigenous. Order, 
Compositae. Root is used as an alterative in the form 
of decoction ; said to possess cathartic properties. 
Pterospora Andromedea, ter-o-spo'rah an-drom-e- 
de'ah {pteron, wing, spora, seed, in allusion to the 
singular wing borne by the seeds). Scaly dragonclaw, 
Dragonroot, Feverroot, Albany beechdrop. Indigenous 
plant, ord. Monotropeae, found in the State of New 
York. The root has been regarded as an anthelmin- 
tic, diuretic, emmenagogue, etc.; is not used. 
Pterygion, ter-ij'e-on {pterugion, dim. of pteryx, 
wing). Ala, Web, Web eye, Pin and web. Varicose ex- 
crescence of the conjunctiva, of a triangular shape, 
and commonly occurring at the inner angle of the 
eye, whence it extends over the cornea. Sometimes 
two or three pterygia occur on the same eye, and 
cover the whole cornea with a thick veil, which to- 
tally prevents vision. According to Scarpa, the an- 
cients gave the name Panniculus to this last compli- 
cation. If the pterygion cannot be dispelled by 
means of discutient collyria, it must be removed by 
the surgeon. 
Pterygium, ter-ij'e-um. Pterygion; scapula. P. 
dig'iti, paronychia. P. larda'ceum, pinguecula. P. 
pin'gue, pinguecula. P. un'guis, condition in which 
the epidermis coats, as it were, the nail with a thin 
transparent layer, that might be compared to the 
wing of a bat. 
Pterygo, ter'ig-o. In the composition of anatom- 
ical terms, relating to or appertaining to the ptery- 
goid processes. 
Pterygodes, ter-e-go'dees {pteryx, odes). Like a 
wing; alatus. 
Pterygoid, ter'e-goid {pteryx, eidos, form). Name 
given to two processes at the inferior surface of the PTERYGOIDEUS 8 
sphenoid bone, the two laminae which form them 
having been compared to wings. Alee or wings or 
processes-Processus aliformes-have been distin- 
guished, according to their position, into internal 
or entopterygoid and external. P. ar'tery, Vidian 
artery, arises from the internal maxillary artery, 
at the bottom of the zygomatic fossa, and enters 
the pterygoid canal with the nerve of the same 
name, to proceed to be distributed on the Eus- 
tachian tube and velum palati. The name pterygoid 
arteries is likewise given to the branches which the 
internal maxillary and some of its divisions, as the 
meningea media and posterior temporalis profunda, 
furnish to the pterygoid muscles behind the neck of 
the lower jaw. P. bone, sphenoid. P. canal', Vid- 
ian canal, Pterygopalatine canal, is a narrow channel 
which traverses, in a direction from before to behind, 
the base of the pterygoid process, and gives passage to 
the pterygoid nerve. The foramina of the sphenoid, 
which terminate the canals, have the same epithets 
applied to them. P. fos'sa, depression separating the 
two laminae or alae of the pterygoid process. P. mus'- 
cles are two in number: 1. Pterygdideus externus is a 
thick, short muscle which arises, by short aponeuroses, 
from the outer surface of the external ala of the 
pterygoid process and from the outer surface of the 
great ala of the sphenoid bone, and is inserted at the 
anterior part of the neck of the lower jaw-bone and 
the corresponding part of the interarticular flbrocar- 
tilage. This muscle draws the condyle of the lower 
jaw and the interarticular ligament forward; car- 
ries the chin forward and to the opposite side. If the 
two external pterygoids act together, the jaw is car- 
ried directly forward. 2. Pterygo'ideus internus, thick 
quadrilateral muscle which is attached, by short and 
very strong aponeuroses, above to the pterygoid fossa, 
whence it proceeds downward, backward, and out- 
ward, to be inserted into the inner surface of the 
ramus of the lower jaw, near its angle. It raises the 
lower jaw and carries it a little forward. It also per- 
forms the grinding motion. P. nerves, two in num- 
ber : I. Pterygoid or Vidian nerve arises from the pos- 
terior part of the spheno-palatine ganglion, traverses 
the Vidian canal of the sphenoid, and, beyond, di- 
vides into two filaments: 1. Superior cranial, Nervus 
superficialis or petrosus, which ascends into the cra- 
nium, and enters the hiatus of Fallopius to unite with 
the facial nerve. 2. Inferior or Carotid, Nervus pro- 
fundus or major, which traverses the carotid canal, 
and unites with the ascending branches of the su- 
perior cervical ganglion of the trisplanchnic. II. 
Pterygoid nerve, properly so called, Nervus musculi 
pterygo'idei, is given off by the inferior maxillary 
branch of the fifth pair. P. notch, incisura ptery- 
goidea in sphenoid bone, into which the processus 
pyramidalis of the palate-bone is inserted. P. pro'- 
cesses, see Pterygoid. P. ridge, infratemporal ridge 
on outer surface of alisphenoid. P. tu'bercle, tu- 
bercle on inner surface of inferior maxillary, to 
which internal pterygoid muscle is attached. 
Pterygoi'deus. Pterygoid. P. pro'prius, occa- 
sional muscle running from alisphenoid to tuberosity 
of palate. P. ter'tius, occasional muscular band 
running from interarticular cartilage to temporo- 
maxillary articulation. 
Pterygoma, ter-e-go'mah (pteryx, oma, projecting or 
pendulous body). Swelling of the vulva, preventing 
coition. 
Pterygomaxillary, ter-ig-o-maks'il-la-re. Relating 
to pterygoid processes and to maxillary bones. P. fis'- 
sure, fissura spheno-palatina. P. fold, formed in the 
mouth by the pterygomaxillary ligament, behind the 
last molar tooth. P. lig'ament, tendinous band of 
bucco-pharyngeal fascia, extending from apex of in- 
ternal pterygoid plate to posterior end of internal 
oblique line of lower jaw. P. mus'cles, pterygoid 
muscles. 
Pterygopalatal (ter-ig-o-pal'a-tal) pro'cess. Pala- 
tal process. 
Pterygopalatine, ter-ig-o-pal'a-teen. That which 
belongs to the pterygoid process and palate. P. ar'- 
926 
PTOMAINES 
tery, see Pharyngeal artery. P. canal', a small canal 
formed by the internal ala of the pterygoid process 
and the palate-bone; gives passage to the vessels of 
the same name. 
Pterygopharyngeus, ter-e-go-far-in-ja'us. Con- 
strictor pharyngis. 
Pterygosalpingo-hyoideus, ter-e-go-sal-pin'go-he-o- 
e'da-us. Petrohyoid muscle. 
Pterygosalpingoi'deus. Occasional muscular band 
of tensor palati, attached to a process of sphenoid 
bone. 
Pterygosalplngo-staphylinus internus, ter-e-go- 
sal-pin'go-staf-el-e'nus in-ter'nus. Levator palati. 
Pterygospinosus, ter-e-go-spin-o'sus. Muscular 
fascicle, occasionally met with, running between 
spine of sphenoid and posterior edge of external 
pterygoid plate. 
Pterygospi'nous ligament. Fibrous band extend- 
ing from spine of sphenoid to outer pterygoid plate. 
Pterygostaphilinus, ter-e-go-staf-il-e'nus (pteryx, 
staphule, uvula). Tensor palati; circumflexus. P. ex- 
ternus, circumflex muscle of the palate. P. inter'nus, 
levator palati. 
Pteryx, ter'iks (pterux). Wing. See Ala. 
Ptilos (til'os) or Ptilosis, til-o'sis (ptilos, ptilosis). 
Falling out of the eyelashes. 
Ptisana, tiz'an-ah (ptisane, peeled barley and de- 
coction of the same). See Tisane. P. commu'nis, 
decoctum hordei compositum. P. Hippocrat'ica, de- 
coctum hordei. 
Ptis'sana (ptissane). Tisane. 
Ptochiater, tok-e-at'ur (ptochos, poor, iatros, physi- 
cian). Physician to the poor or to an establishment 
for the poor. 
Ptochlatria, tok-e-at-re'ah. Practice among the 
poor. Also an institution for the treatment of the 
diseases of the poor. 
Ptochocomium, to-ko-ko-me'um (ptochos, poor, 
komeo, to take care of). Almshouse; hospital for the 
poor. 
Ptochodochium, to-ko-do-ke'um (ptochos, poor, de- 
chomai, to receive). Ptochocomium. 
Ptochotropheum, to-ko-tro-fe'um (ptochos, poor, 
trepho, to nourish). Ptochocomium. 
Ptoma, to'mah (ptoma). Cadaver. 
Ptomainaemia, to-mah-in-e'me-ah (ptoma, corpse, 
haima, blood). Blood containing ptomaines. 
Ptomaines, to'ma-eens (ptoma, a corpse). Putrefac- 
tive alkaloids; name given to certain chemical com- 
pounds-alkaloid bodies which are produced from ani- 
imal or vegetable substances during putrefaction; that 
is, formed by action of bacteria on organic matter. 
Ptomaines constitute a transitiou stage between an 
organic and an inorganic condition of matter in pro- 
cess of putrefaction. The greater number of pto- 
maines contain only C, H, and N. Most of them ex- 
ert little or no poisonous influence. The following 
table by Vaughan and Novy presents a complete list 
of the ptomaines described up to the present date • 
Formula. 
Name. 
Discoverer. 
Physiological 
action.* 
C HB N 
Methylamine. 
Bocklisch. 
Non-poisonous. 
c3 h7 n 
Dimethylamine. 
Brieger. 
ll ll 
C3 II„ N 
Trimethylamine. 
Dessaignes. 
ll Cl 
c2 h5 n 
Spermine (?) 
Kunz. 
ll ll 
C2 H7 N 
Ethylamine. 
Hesse. 
ll ll 
C„ HtlN 
Diethylamine. 
Bocklisch. 
ll ll 
ca h1bn 
Triethylamine. 
Brieger. 
H 
ll ll 
c3 h9 n 
Propylamine. 
Butylamine. 
C4 H„N 
Gautier and 
Mourgues. 
Poisonous (?). 
CB H„N(?) 
Tetanotoxine. 
Brieger. 
Poisonous. 
ll 
c5 h13n 
Amylamine, 
Hesse. 
Co h1bn 
Hexylamine. 
ll 
C7 HalN 
Di-hydrolutidine. 
Gautier and 
Mourgues. 
ll 
C8 H11N 
Collidine (?). 
Nencki. 
* Only those bases are here 
possess decided toxicity. 
denoted as poisonous which 
Table of Ptomaines. PTOMATROP1NES 
Table of Ptomaines {Continued). 
927 
PUBO-CAVERNOSUS 
Ptyalismus, te-al-iz'mus. Salivation. P. acu'tua 
melli'tus, see Salivation. P. acu'tus sympathet'icus, 
see Salivation. P. hydrargyra'tus, salivation, mer- 
curial. P. iners', slavering. P. melli'tus, secretion 
of sweet-tasted saliva. P. mercuria'lis, salivation, 
mercurial. P. pyros'icus, pyrosis. 
Pty'alized. Salivated. 
Ptyalocele, ti-al-o-se'le (Eng. ti'al-o-seel) (ptualon, 
saliva, kele, tumor). See Ranula. 
Ptyalogogue, ti-al'o-gog (ptyalum, ago, to drive). 
Sialogogue. A medicine that produces increased flow 
of saliva. 
Ptyalum, te'al-um (ptualon). Saliva. 
Ptyelum, te'a-lum (ptualon). Saliva; sputum. 
Ptysis, te'sis (ptusis). Exspuition. 
Ptysma, tis'mah. Saliva; sputum. 
Ptysmagogue, tis'ma-gog (ptysma, ago, to drive). 
Sialogogue. 
Ptysmatlschesis (tis-mat-is'kes-is) or Ptysmatos'- 
chesis (ptysma, ischo, to retain or restrain). Sup- 
pression of pulmonary expectoration. 
Pu'bens or Pu'ber. At the age of puberty. 
Pubeot'omy. Pubiotomy. 
Puberal, pu'be-ral. Puberic. Relating or appertain- 
ing to the age of puberty, as puberal disease. 
Puberic, pu'ber-ik. Puberal. 
Pubertas, pu'ber-tas. Puberty. 
Puberty, pu'ber-te (pubesco, to begin to have hair on 
the chin and sexual organs). Pubescence. Period of life 
at which young people of both sexes are pubescent 
or nubile. The period varies somewhat in different 
climates and in different individuals in the same 
climate. See Nubile. 
Pubes, pu'bees. Pubic region. The middle part of the 
hypogastric region; so called because it is covered 
with hair, in both sexes, at the period of puberty. 
The hair is also called Pubes, Lanugo, or Pili pudendo- 
rum, Plantarium, and Feminal. Of old, Epictenion and 
Pubertas signified the same. Puberty. The pubic 
bone. See Tressoria and Pubis os. 
Pubescence, pu-bes'sence. Puberty. 
Pubescent, pu-bes'sent. See Puberty. 
Pubiseus, pu-be-e'us. Pubic. 
Pubic, pu'bik. Pubian. Belonging to or concern- 
ing the pubis. P. arch, Arch of the pubis. The arch 
at the anterior part of the inferior circumference of 
the pelvis. It is more expanded in the female than in 
the male, to correspond with the additional functions 
which she has to execute. P. ar'tery, branch from 
pubic artery anastomosing with branch from obtu- 
rator. P. articula'tion results from the junction of 
the ossa pubis. The medium of union is cartilage. 
P. bone, pubis os. P. lig'aments are two very solid 
fibrous fasciae situate before and beneath the symphy- 
sis pubis, which they strengthen. The one is called 
the anterior pubic ligament, the other the inferior or 
subpubic. P. re'gion, region of the pubes. P. vein, 
anastomotic branch to external iliac vein from obtu- 
rator vein. 
Pubiococcygeo-annularis, pu-be-o-kok-se-ge'o-an- 
nu-lah'ris (pubis, coccyx, annularis, ring-shaped). Le- 
vatores ani and ischio-coccygei muscles. 
Pubio-infra-umbilicalis, pu'be-o-in'frah-um-bil-e- 
kal'is. Pyramidalis abdominis. 
Pubiosternalis, pu-be-o-stur-nal'is. Rectus abdomi- 
nis. 
Pubiotomy, pu-be-ot'o-me (pubes, tome, incision). 
Operation of division of the pubis in order to increase 
the diameter of the pelvis at time of delivery. Modi- 
fication of the operation of symphyseotomy. 
Pu'bio-umbilical'is. Pyramidalis abdominis. 
Pu'bis. Pubes, pubis os. P. os, Pubic bone, Share- 
bone, Barbone. The anterior part of the os innomina- 
tum; so called because it corresponds to the genital 
organs and pubic region. 
Publicse (pub'le-se) par'tes (public parts). Those 
organs are so called the object of whose functions is 
the nutrition of all the others. Such are the digestive 
and respiratory organs. 
Pubocavernosus, pu-bo-kav-ur-no'sus. Separate 
slip of ischio-cavernosus arising from pubic arch, 
Formula. 
Name. 
Discoverer. 
Physiological 
action.* 
C8 HUN 
Pyridine base (?). 
0. de Co - 
ninck. 
c8 h13n 
c9 h13n 
Hydrocollidine(?). 
Parvoline (?). 
Gautier and 
Etard. 
Gautier and 
Etard. 
Poisonous. 
c10h1bn 
c10h1bn 
C1oH17N 
C32H31N 
Unnamed. 
Pyridine base (?). 
Hydrocoridine (?). 
Unnamed. 
Guareschi 
and Mosso. 
0. de Co- 
ninck. 
Griffiths. 
Delezinier. 
Poisonous. 
c2 h8 n2 
Ethylidenedia- 
mine (?). 
Brieger. 
Poisonous. 
c3 h8 n2 
Trimethylenedia- 
mine (?). 
ll 
ll 
c4 h12n2 
Putrescine. 
ll 
Not very poi- 
sonous. 
cB h14n2 
Cadaverine. 
ll 
Not very poi- 
sonous. 
c6 h14n2 
Neuridine. 
ll 
Non-poisonous. 
C6 h14n2 
Saprine. 
ll 
ll ll 
c7 h10n2 
Unnamed. 
Morin. 
ll ll 
C1oH26N2(?) 
Susotoxine. 
Novy. 
Poisonous. 
c2 h7 n3 
Methyl -guani - 
dine. 
Brieger. 
ll 
Ui8H.27N 3 
C13H2„N4 
c17h38n4 
Morrhuine. 
Unnamed. 
Gautier and 
Mourgues. 
Oser. 
Gautier and 
Etard. 
Diuretic, etc. 
Aselline. 
Gautier and 
Mourgues. 
Poisonous. 
CB h13n 0 
Neurine. 
Brieger. 
ll 
C8 H1XN 0 
Mydine. 
Non-poisonous. 
C6 H11N 02 
8-amido - valerian- 
ic acid. 
E. and H. 
Salkowski. 
cB h1bn 02 
Choline. 
Brieger. 
Poisonous. 
CG h13n 02 
Mydatoxine. 
ll 
c6 h13n 02 
Unnamed. 
Brieger, 1888. 
(tetanus 
cult). 
Non-poisonous. 
CB h1bn 02 
Mytilotoxine. 
Brieger. 
Poisonous. 
c7 h17n o2 
Gadinine. 
ll 
c7 h17n Oj 
Typhotoxine. 
ll 
c7 h17n o2 
Unnamed. 
ll 
c74h14n o2 
Pyocyanine. 
Ledderhose. 
Non-poisonous. 
cB h13n 03 
Betaine. 
Brieger. 
Gautier and 
Mourgues. 
ll ll 
CB H1BN o3 
c8 HI3N 03 
Muscarine. ' 
Morrhuic acid. 
Poisonous. 
CB h12n204 
Unnamed. 
Pouchet. 
Poisonous. 
c13h3On2o4 
c14h2On2o4 
Tetanine. 
Unnamed. 
Brieger. 
Gaureschi. 
Ct h18n2o6 
ll 
ll 
Tyrotoxicon. 
Mydaleine. 
Spasmotoxine. 
A diamine (?). 
Peptotoxine. 
Phlogosine. 
Pouchet. 
ll 
Vaughan. 
Brieger. 
" (teta- 
nus cult). 
Brieger. 
Leber. 
Poisonous. 
ll 
ll 
ll 
Poisonous. 
Inflammatory. 
* Only those bases are here 
possess decided toxicity. 
denoted as poisonous which 
Some of these products are narcotic, others resemble 
strychnine in their action. The former have been 
called Toxines. 
Ptomat'ropines. Cadaveric ptomaines. 
Ptosis, to'sis (ptosis). Prolapsus. P. bul'bi oc'uli, 
exophthalmia. P. diplo'pia, synechia posterior. P. 
i'ridis, prolapsus of the iris through a wound of the 
cornea; known by a blackish tubercle, which pro- 
jects a little from the cornea in various forms, and 
which, owing to its supposed resemblance to the head 
of a fly, has been called Myiocephalon and Myocephalon 
(muia, fly, kephale, head). P. pal'pebrae, falling down 
of the upper eyelid over the eye. 
Ptotostereoscope, to-to-ste're-o-skope (ptotos, fallen, 
stereos, solid, skopeo, to see). Apparatus for ascertain- 
ing the presence of binocular vision. 
Ptyal'agogue (ptyalum, ago, to lead). Sialogogue. 
Ptyalin, ti'a-lin (ptyalum). Ferment found in sa- 
liva, exerting a special action on starchy and saccha- 
rine matters. See Saliva, Ferments, and Enzymes. 
Ptyalism, ti'al-izm. Salivation, PUBOCOCCYGEAL RHAPHE 
Pubococcygeal rhaphe, pu-bo-kok-se-ge'al rhaf'e. 
Ehaphe due to union of levatores ani. 
Pubococcygeus, pu-bo-kok-se-je'us (pubis, coccyx). 
Relating to pubic bone and coccyx ; muscle so called. 
Pubofemoral (pu-bo-fem'o-ral) lig'ament. Acces- 
sory bundle of fibres which help to form the hip-joint 
capsule. 
Pubo-ischiatic (pu'bo-is-ke-at'ik) bone (pubis, is- 
chium). Ischium and pubis as one. 
Puboperinea'lis. Occasional muscular strip ex- 
tending from pubis to deep perineal fascia. 
Puboperitonealis, pu-bo-per-e-to-ne-al'is. Pubo- 
transversalis. 
Puboprostatic (pu-bo-pros-tat'ik) lig'aments. Liga- 
ments running from back of pubis to prostate gland 
and neck of bladder. 
Pubopudendus, pu-bo-pu-den'dus. Occasional mus- 
cular slip running from pubis and combining with 
ischiopubicus. 
Puborectalis, pu-bo-rek-tal'is. Anterior fibres of 
sustentator recti. 
Pubotransversalis, pu-bo-trans-ver-sal'is. Thin 
muscular slip arising from upper edge of superior 
pubic ramus and inserted into transversalis fascia. 
Pubo-ure'thral mus'cle. Fibres from posterior 
part of pubis to prostate, or to base of bladder in 
female. 
Pubo-urethralis, pu'bo-u-re-thral'is. Occasional 
muscle passing from pubis to urethra. 
Puboves'ical fos'sa. Abdominovesical pouch. P. 
lig'aments, puboprostatic ligaments. P. mus'cles, 
fibres of external longitudinal muscular layer of blad- 
der, arising from posterior surface of pubis. 
Puccine, puk-seen'. Alkaloid in sanguinaria. 
Puccinia favi, puk-sin'e-ah fav'e (after Th. Puc- 
cini, professor of anatomy in Florence). See Fungus, 
Porrigo favosa, and Parasites. 
Puccin'ic acid. Acid in sanguinaria. 
Puccoon, puk-ko-on'. Sanguinaria Canadensis. P., 
red, Sanguinaria Canadensis. P., yel'low, Hydrastis 
Canadensis. 
Pucella, pu-sel'lah. Virgin. 
Pucha-pat. Pogostemon patchouli. 
Puchu'ry. See Pichurim beans. 
Puchy'ry. See Pichurim beans. 
Pud'dinggrass. Mentha pulegium. 
Pud'dingpipe tree. Cassia fistula. 
Pudenda, pu-den'dah (pl. of Pudendum) (pudeo, to 
be ashamed). Genital organs. P. mulieb'ria, external 
genital organs of woman; vulva. P. viro'rum, male 
genital organs. 
Pudendagra, pu-dend'ag-rah (pudenda, agra, seiz- 
ure). According to some, this term means pain in 
the genital parts, Dolor pudendorum, JEdoeodynia ; ac- 
cording to others, it is synonymous with syphilis. P. 
pru'riens, prurigo of the female genital organs. 
Pudendal (pu-den'dal). Relating or appertaining 
to the pudenda. P. hsemat'ocele, tumor consisting 
of collection of clotted blood in one labium or into 
tissue in immediate vicinity of vaginal wall. P. her'- 
nia, hernia which descends between the vagina and 
ramus ischii, and forms an oblong tumor in the la- 
bium ; traceable in the pelvis as far as the os uteri. 
P. lon'gus infe'rior, see Sciatic nerve, lesser. P. nerve, 
infe'rior, nervus cutaneus perinei; branch of small 
sciatic. P. plex'us of nerves, inferior part of sacral 
plexus. P. plex'us of veins, situate behind pubis, 
around urethra and neck of bladder. 
Pudenda'lis. Relating to the pudendum. 
Pudendum (pu-den'dum), fe'male. Vulva. P. 
mulieb're, vulva. 
Pudendus, pu-den'dus. Pudic. 
Pudibil'ia. Male genital organs. 
Pudic, pu'dik (pudeo, to be ashamed). That which 
causes shame. Name given to the genital organs, as 
well as to different other parts. P. ar'teries are dis- 
tributed to the organs of generation. They are: 1. 
Internal pudic, Genital artery, which is furnished by the 
hypogastric, and divides into two branches: the one 
-the inferior or perineal-which gives off the inferior 
hemorrhoidal and the artery of the septum; the 
928 
PULICARIA DYSENTERICA 
other-the superior-which furnishes the transverse 
perineal artery, and divides into two branches-the 
artery of the corpus cavernosum and the dorsalis pedis. 
This latter, in the female, has the name dorsalis 
clitoridis. 2. The External pudic arteries are two in 
number. The one is superficial or subcutaneous, and 
the other deep-seated or subaponeurotic. They are 
given off from the femoral artery or some one of its 
branches, and are distributed to the external parts of 
generation. P. nerve, branch furnished by the sacral 
plexus, which is distributed to the genital organs, and 
especially to the penis in man and the clitoris in 
woman. P. vein, inter'nal, similar distribution as 
internal pudic artery. P. vein, superficial exter'nal, 
tributary of external saphenous, collecting blood from 
the genitals and inner part of thigh. 
Puella, pu-el'lah. Girl. 
Puellus, pu-el'lus (modified from puerulus). Little 
boy. 
Pu'er. Boy ; child ; infant. 
Puera, pu'er-ah. Girl. 
Puerile, pu'er-il (puer, child). Appertaining or re- 
lating to childhood. P. respira'tion, term applied 
to the respiration when it is heard loud through the 
stethoscope, as in healthy children. 
Puerilitas, pu-er-il'it-as. Dementia of the aged. 
Pueritia, pu-er-ish'e-ah. See Age. 
Puerpera, pu-ur'per-ah (puer, pario, to bring forth). 
Lying-in woman; female in childbed; one recently 
delivered. 
Puerperal, pu-ur'pe-ral. Eelating to parturition 
and its consequences. P. colpi'tis, vaginitis of lying- 
in women. P. convulsions, eclampsia gravidarum 
etparturientium. P. diabe'tes, d. occurring sometimes 
in pregnancy and ceasing after delivery. P. fe'ver, 
any fever occurring during the puerperal state. 
Childbed fever. Most commbnly restricted to a malig- 
nant variety of peritonitis. P. ma'nia, delirious con- 
dition of females near the end of pregnancy. P. peri- 
tonitis, peritonitis occurring during the childbed 
state; see P. fever. P. septicae'mia, puerperal fever. 
P. state, state of a female in and directly after child- 
birth. P. tet'anus, dangerous tetanic state of the 
body, not often happening in the puerperium. 
Puerperium, pu-ur-per'e-um. Childbed state. 
Puerperogonorrhoeal salpingitis, pu-ur-pe-ro-gon- 
or-rhe'al sal-pin-je'tis. Inflammation of Fallopian 
tubes with gonorrhoeal matter, happening during the 
puerperal state. 
Puerperopyra, pu-er-pur-op'ir-ah (puerperium, 
childbirth, pur, fever). Puerperal fever. 
Puerperous, pu-er'per-us. Parturient. 
Puerpery, pu-er'pe-re (puerperium, childbirth). 
Puerperal state. 
Puff ([D.] poffen, to blow). Lycoperdon. P., veiled, 
see Cavernous respiration. 
Puff'ball. Lycoperdon; Leontodon taraxacum. 
Puffiness, puff'e-ness. Soft intumescence without 
redness, which may be partial or general, and be 
produced by accumulation of serous fluid, extravasa- 
tion of blood, effusion of air into the subcutaneous 
areolar tissue, etc. Puffiness is most frequently seen 
in the face and legs, and sometimes appears around a 
wound. 
Pugillus, pu-jil'lus (dim. of Pugnus, fist). The 
quantity of any substance which may be taken with 
the ends of two or three fingers. The eighth part of 
a handful. 
Pug'nus. Manipulus; a handful. 
Pug'teeth. Canine teeth. 
Puke. Emetic. 
Puke'weed. Lobelia inflata. 
Pu'king. Vomiting; regurgitation. P. fe'ver, 
milk sickness. 
Pulegium, pu-le'je-um (pulex, flea, to which the 
odor is disagreeable). Mentha pulegium. P. cervi'- 
num, Mentha cervina. 
Pulex, pu'lcks. P. irritans or Common flea. Parasitic 
insect found on the bodies of man and animals. See 
Parasites. P. pen'etrans, chique. P. vulga'ris, pulex. 
Pulicaria dysenterica, pu-lik-ah're-ah dis-en-ter'- PULICARIS 
ik-ah (pulex, flea, to which the odor is disagreeable). 
Inula dysenterica. 
Pulicaris, pu-le-kah'ris. Epithet given to cutaneous 
eruptions resembling flea-bites, and also to diseases 
in which such eruptions occur. P. her'nia, Plantago 
psyllium. 
Pul'ley. Trochlea. 
Pullulation, pul-u-la'shun (pullulo, pulhdatum, to 
bud). Budding. Morbid production which buds, as it 
were-condyloma, for example. 
Pul'mo (by transposition of the letter I from pleu- 
mori). The lung. See Lung. 
Pulmocardiac region, pul-mo-kar'de-ak re'jun 
(pulmo, lung, Icardia). That part of the thorax where 
the heart is covered by a thin layer of lung. 
Pulmogas'tric re'gion (pulmo, lung, gasier, stom- 
ach). That region of the thorax where the edge of 
the left lung projects over the stomach and spleen. 
Pulmohepat'ic re'gion. That part of the thorax 
where an edge of lung is covered by liver. 
Pulmometer, pul-mom'e-tur (pulmo, metron, meas- 
ure). Spirometer. 
Pulmometry, pul-mom'e-tre. See Spirometer. 
Pulmonaria, pul-mon-ah're-ah. Lungwort, Spotted 
Lungwort, Jerusalem cowslip, Jerusalem sage, Spotted 
comfrey; ord. Boraginacese. Leaves of this plant 
have been used as demulcents and pectorals, partly 
from their resemblance to lungs-hence the name, 
from pulmo, lung-and partly because they have a 
slightly mucilaginous taste; pneumonia. P. arbo'rea, 
Lichen pulmonaris. P. Gal'lica, Hieraciummurorum. 
P. ofiicina'lis, pulmonaria. P. Virgin'ica, Mertersia 
Virginica. 
Pul'monary (pulmo, lung). Relating or belonging to 
the lungs. P. ar'tery arises from upper and left part of 
the right ventricle of the heart, whence it passes ob- 
liquely upward and to the left side, dividing into two 
trunks opposite the second dorsal vertebra, one pass- 
ing to each lung. At its origin it is furnished with 
three sigmoid or semilunar valves. It carries the 
blood to the lungs for aeration. P. car'tilage, second 
costal cartilage of left side. P. consumption, phthi- 
sis pulmonalis. P. glands, lymphatic glands on bron- 
chioles in lung-substance. P. groove, groove inside of 
thorax on both sides of spinal column. P. lob'ules, 
see Lung. P. matter, black, see Lung. P. mur'rain, 
contagious pleuro-pneumonia. P. nerves, branches 
from pneumogastric and sympathetic nerves going to 
root of lungs. P. pleu'ra, pleura pulmonalis. P. 
plex'us, considerable nervous network, situate be- 
hind the bronchia, which is formed by the filaments 
of the pneumogastric nerve or par vagum, and by 
other filaments from the inferior cervical ganglion 
and the first thoracic ganglia. This plexus forms a 
kind of areolar web, with numerous meshes of dif- 
ferent sizes, in which vessels are lodged, surrounded 
by much areolar tissue. The plexus sends filaments 
to the bronchia, which they accompany to their ex- 
tremities. P. si'nuses, sinuses of Valsalva in pul- 
monary artery. P. valves, the three semilunar valves 
at opening of pulmonary artery. P. veins, these arise 
in the lungs from the final terminations of the arteries 
of the same name, collect in ramusculi and rami of 
greater and greater size, and ultimately unite in four 
trunks, two of which issue from each lung to open 
into the left auricle of the heart. The pulmonary 
veins have the same structure as the other veins of 
the body, from which they differ in conveying arte- 
rial blood, as the pulmonary artery differs from the 
others in conveying venous blood. They carry the 
blood back to the heart after aeration. P. ves'icles, 
see Pulmo. 
Pulmones tartarizati, pul-mo'nees tar-tar-iz-at'e. 
Lithiasis pulmonum. 
Pulmonia, pul-mo'ne-ah. Phthisis pulmonalis; 
pneumonia. 
Pulmonic, pul-mon'ik. Pneumonic. Affected with 
phthisis; one laboring under disease of the lungs; 
anything relating to or belonging to the lungs; medi- 
cine for the lungs. P. circula'tion, pulmonary cir- 
culation. 
929 
PULSE 
Pulmonitis, pul-mon-e'tis {pulmo, itis). Pneu- 
monia. 
Pulp. Soft and parenchymatous parts of vegeta- 
bles reduced to paste. Applied, also, to parts of the 
human body which have the characters of, or re- 
semble, pulp. P., atherom'atous, see Atheroma. P., 
bran'-like, see Atheroma. P. of the fin'gers, fleshy 
extremity of the fingers. P. of the tooth, dental 
pulp. 
Pul'pa. Pulp. See Spleen. P. cas'siae, see Cassia 
fistula. P. cerebra'lis, substance of brain. P. den'- 
tis, dental pulp. P. ex fo'liis coni'i macula'ti, pulp 
of conium. P. pi'll, see Hair. P. pru'ni, see Pruni 
pulpa. P. pruno'rum sylves'trium con'dita, con- 
serva pruni sylvestris. P. tamarin'di, see Tamarindi 
pulpa. P. tes'tis, parenchyma of the testis; see 
Testicle. 
Pulpamen, pul-pah'men. Pulp. 
Pulpation, pul-pa'shun. Pulping. 
Pulpefac'tion. Pulpy degeneration. See Pulpy. 
Pulpezia, pul-pe'ze-ah. Apoplexy. 
Pulp'ing {pulp). Pulpation. Operation of redu- 
cing certain vegetable substances to a pulp. They 
are bruised in a mortar, and then passed through a 
hair sieve by the aid of a wooden spatula called a 
Pulper. 
Pulpitis, pulp-e'tis. Inflammation of the pulp of a 
tooth. 
Pulpy, pul'pe {pulpa). Full of pulp. P. degene- 
ration or disease, Pulpefaction; affection of the 
synovial membrane, in which the different points of 
bone, usually distinguishable, are obscured, and a 
doughy or pulpy sensation is detected by palpation 
over the articular ends of the bones, of the patella 
especially. When connected with syphilis--syphilitic 
joint of Colles-it is often complicated with periosteal 
thickening. Such pulpy or gelatinous degeneration 
was formerly described as white swelling. 
Pulque, pool'ka. See Agave Americana. 
Puls ex o'vis et lac'te (pulp of eggs and milk). 
Oogala. 
Pulsatile, puls'at-il {pulso, to throb). Pulsating; 
beating. 
Pulsatilla, pul-sat-il'lah (Ph. U. S.). Herb of Anem- 
one pulsatilla, A. pratensis, and A. patens. Used in 
amenorrhcea, dysmenorrhoea, ophthalmia, and catarrh 
of nose, throat, and respiratory passages. P. pa'tens, 
Anemone patens. P. praten'sis, Anemone pratensis. 
P. vulga'ris, Anemone pulsatilla. 
Pulsating (pul'sa-ting). Throbbing or beating like 
a pulse. P. tu'mors. See Tumors, pulsating. 
Pulsatio, pul-sah'she-o {pulso, pulsatum, to agitate). 
Pulsation. P. cor'dis, palpitation. 
Pulsation, pul-sa'shun {pulso, pulsatum, to beat). 
Beating of the heart and arteries. Also the beating 
felt in an inflamed part. P., aor'tic, peculiar func- 
tional affection, characterized by violent throbbing, in 
the abdominal portion of the aorta especially, which 
may be confounded with aneurism; occurring in 
uterine disease, structural gastroduodenal affections, 
etc. P., ret'inal, pulsation of vessels noticed in the 
eye, due to some interference with the relative pres- 
sure within and without the eye. P., ve'nous, see 
Pulsus venarum. 
Pulsativus, pul-sat-e'vus. Throbbing. 
Pulsatory, pul'sa-to-re. Throbbing. 
Pulse {pello, pulsum, to beat). Beating of the 
arteries, produced by the afflux of the blood pro- 
pelled by the heart in its contractions. For the sake 
of convenience we choose the radial artery at the 
wrist to detect the precise character of the pulse. 
These characters relate to the number of pulsations 
in a given time; to their degrees of quickness, hard- 
ness, and strength; to the equality or inequality either 
of the pulsations themselves or of their intervals; 
to the development or fulness of the artery; and 
to the different impressions it may produce on the 
finger. The following table exhibits the effect of 
age upon the number of pulsations per minute. 
It will be noticed that at birth and in early life 
the contractions and dilatations of the heart take PULSE 
place with much greater rapidity than at later 
periods: 
930 
PULSE 
which indicates tension, diameter of artery, and vol- 
ume of pulse. P., com'plex, has the character of sev- 
eral critical pulses united. P., contracted, pulsa- 
tions are narrow, deep, and slightly hard ; see Concen- 
tration. P., convul'sive, unequally frequent or un- 
equally hard; resembling the irregular pulsation of 
a muscular fibre in a state of convulsion. P., cord'y, 
pulse, tense. P., Cor'rigan's, P., water-hammer. 
This pulse indicates aortic regurgitation ; large quick 
pulse, which collapses suddenly. P., critical, pulse 
which, after having possessed the characters of irri- 
tation, becomes free, open, soft, etc. P. curve, sphyg- 
mographic or sphygmoscopic tracing of the pulse ; see 
Sphygmograph. P., de'curtate, pulsus myurus; see also 
Myurus. P., deep, cannot be felt without difficulty, 
and without strong pressure by the finger. P., de- 
ficient, Flickering pulse, which seems every instant 
about to cease. P., depressed', deep and weak. P., 
devel'oped, is broad, full, strong, and frequent. P., 
dicrotic or dicro'tal, that in which the finger is 
struck twice at each pulsation-once lightly, the 
other time more strongly. P., e'qual, pulsations re- 
semble each other, and return at equal intervals. P., 
fe'brile, very frequent. P., fee'ble, Weak pulse; 
strikes the finger feebly. P., fillform, Thready 
pulse; resembles a thread slightly vibrating. P., 
fiick'ering, deficient pulse. P., formlcant resem- 
bles, by being small and scarcely perceptible, the 
motion of an ant; met with especially in fatty 
degeneration of the heart. P., fre'quent, strikes 
more frequently than usual in a given time. P., 
full, gives the notion of vascular depletion. P., 
goat'leap, P., caprizant. P., gut'tural, has been sup- 
posed to indicate the termination of affections of the 
throat. P., hard, the pulp of the finger seems to 
yield to the pulsation. P., hec'tic, weak, frequent 
pulse observed in hectic fever. P., hemorrhoid'al, 
critical pulse, announcing the appearance of the 
hemorrhoidal flux; is described as unequal, the pul- 
sations not being alike in force, and still less the in- 
tervals. P., high-ten'sion, one in which the force of 
the pulsation is relatively increased, as in hypertro- 
phy of the heart, apoplexy, tumors, certain neuroses, 
action of some medicines, etc. P., hyperdic'rotous, 
see Hyperdicrotous. P., hypodic'rotous, see Hyperdic- 
rotous. P., intercur'rent, superfluous pulsation 
seems to occur from time to time. P., intermittent, 
pulsations fail from time to time. P., intricate, but 
little developed and unequally slow. P., irreg'ular, 
pulsations are unequal and return at unequal inter- 
vals. P. of irritation, frequent, hard, and con- 
tracted. P., jar'ring, P., vibrating. P., jerk'ing, 
pulse, sharp. P., lan'guid, slow and feeble pulse. P., 
large, large and full pulse. P., long, strikes the finger 
to a great extent in length. P., low, pulsations are 
scarcely perceptible. P., low-ten'sion, condition of 
pulse opposite to that described under Pulse, high- 
tension, and noticed in certain degenerative cardiac 
conditions, debility, fevers, etc. P., monocrot'ic, 
pulse in which dicrotism is wholly absent. P., nat'- 
ural, equal and regular in strength and frequency, 
compressible and devoid of hardness. P., organ'ic, 
indicates the affected organ, or the organ by which 
an evacuation will take place. P., paradoxical, 
absence of the beat of the pulse during inspira- 
tion, due particularly to morbid conditions of the 
heart. P., pec'toral, critical pulse, announcing the 
termination of some pulmonary irritation. P., quick, 
strikes sharply, but not forcibly, against the finger. 
P., ra'dial, beat of radial artery, felt at the wrist. 
P., recur'rent, return of the pulse to the distal 
part of an artery after compression. P., reg'ular, 
pulsations are equal and succeed each other at equal 
intervals. P., resist'ing, a little tense, a little hard. 
P., res'piratory, the alternate condition of fulness 
and emptiness of the great vessels of the neck, 
synchronous with expiration and inspiration. P., 
sharp, strikes the finger sharply and rapidly. When 
to a greater extent, it is called a jerking pulse. P., 
sharp'-tailed, see Myurus. P., sim'ple, a critical 
pulse, indicating evacuation by one organ only. P., 
Ages. 
Number of Pulsations per Minute. 
Heberden. 
Sommering. 
Muller. 
In the embryo . . 
130 to 140 
150 
At birth 
150 
One month .... 
120 
One year 
120 to 108 
120 
115 to 130 
Two years 
108 to 90 
110 
100 to 115 
Three years .... 
90 to 80 
90 
90 to 100 
Seven years .... 
72 
85 to 90 
Twelve years . . . 
70 
Puberty 
80 
80 to 85 
Adult age 
70 
70 to 75 
Old age 
60 
50 to 65 
Various interesting facts may be mentioned in re- 
gard to the pulse (Vierordt): While sitting the pulse 
is about 3 beats faster than while lying down; while 
standing the pulse is about 9 beats faster than while 
sitting (Guy); and about 14 (2-34) faster than while 
lying down (Schapiro). Exceptions, even the reverse 
of this rule, are not infrequent. In six children from 
5-14 years of age Heilbut found a middle difference 
between lying down and sitting of 18.6. Easy exer- 
cise increases the pulse 10-20 beats; rapid running, 
to 140 and more; the increase in rapidity can be no- 
ticed for | to 1 hour (Lichtenfels and Frohlich). In- 
gestion of food increases frequency of pulse; dinner 
increases pulse from 8-20 beats. Dinner without wine 
increases the beats 13.1 (Vierordt); with wine, 17.5. 
Omission of dinner decreases the pulse 1-2 beats. 
After ten hours' fasting, early in the morning, Lich- 
tenfels and Frohlich observed 69.3 beats; eight hours 
afterward, 50 ; four hours later, 53.3. Rise of barom- 
eter 1| ctm. increases the frequency of the pulse 1.3 
per minute (Vierordt). In the morning the fre- 
quency of the pulse is increased after breakfast; de- 
creases until dinner; increases then somewhat; de- 
creases after 11-2 hours until supper ; finally increases 
a little. In the morning the pulse is 8 beats faster than 
at night (Guy, from observations on himself). In nine 
sick women (average age 25.4) Heilbut found a dif- 
ference of 3.6 beats. The difference can also be ob- 
served in entirely healthy children (Knox, Guy). 
The pulse is slower during sleep, particularly in chil- 
dren. Vogel found the average in twenty-four sleep- 
ing children, raised at the breast, to be 109 beats. 
According to Trousseau: 
Sleeping. Waking. 
4-6 months140 121 
6-21 months128 112 
It does not appear that the pulse of the aged is less 
frequent, but the contrary. In general it is more 
frequent in females and in irritable persons than in 
males and those of an opposite temperament. In the 
healthy state the pulse, besides having the proper 
number of pulsations, is neither hard nor unusually 
soft; it is moderately developed, of a medium 
strength, and perfectly equal both as regards the 
pulsations and their intervals. In disease it wan- 
ders, more or less, from these physiological condi- 
tions. The different characters of the pulse that 
have been recorded are remarkably numerous. 
Pulse, allorhyth'mic. Variation in the interval, 
or disturbance of the usual rhythmic regularity, of 
the pulse. P., anacrot'ic, first wave is not the high- 
est, ascending limb of pulse-curve being notched. 
P., ar'dent, one in which the pulse seems to raise 
itself to a point in order to strike the finger. P., 
bigem'inal, two regular beats followed by a longer 
pause. P. breath, see Breath, pulse. P., cap'illary, 
observed in dilatation of capillaries and when blood- 
pressure is increased. P., cap'rizant, Goatleap pulse, 
seems to leap like a goat, an imperfect dilatation of 
the artery being succeeded by a fuller and a stronger 
one. P., catacrot'ic, elevation in line of descent in 
the sphygmographic tracing. P. clock, instrument PULSELESS 
slow, strikes the finger slowly. P., small, pulsations 
are slender and weak. P., soft, yields under the fin- 
ger. P., strong, strikes the finger strongly. P., supe'- 
rior, a critical pulse, supervening on irritation of 
organs situate above the diaphragm. P., sup'ple, pul- 
sations have strength without hardness. P. of sweat, 
a critical pulse, indicating an approaching perspiration. 
P., tense, Cordy pulse; the artery resembles a cord 
fixed at its two extremities. When resembling a wire 
it is called wiry. P., thread'y, P., filiform. P. trace, 
in the registration of the pulse by the sphygmograph 
a trace consists of a series of curves, each of which 
corresponds to a complete cardiac revolution; see 
Sphygmograph. P., trem'ulous, each pulsation oscil- 
lates. P., tricrot'ic or tric'rotous (tri, three, krotea, to 
strike), the normal pulse-trace is so called from pos- 
sessing three principal waves. P., trigem'inal, three 
regular beats followed by a longer pause. P., un'du- 
lating, resembles in its movements those of the waves. 
P., une'qual, pulsations are not alike, or return at 
unequal intervals. P., u'terine, indicates the flow of 
the menses or the occurrence of metrorrhagia. P., 
vagi'nal, pulsation of the vaginal artery, which is in- 
creased in pregnancy, during abortion, labor, etc. P., 
ve'nous, see Pulsus venarum. P., vermic'ular, imi- 
tates the movement of a worm. P., vi'brating, Jar- 
ring pulse; the artery seems to vibrate like a musical 
string. P., wa'ter-ham/mer, short strong beat of 
the pulse followed by collapse, due to aortic regurgita- 
tion and incompetency of valves. P., wi'ry, see Pulse, 
tense. 
Pulseless, pulse'less. Devoid of pulsation. 
Pulselessness, pulse'less-ness. Asphyxia. 
Pulse-meas'urer. Instrument which conveys beats 
of pulse to a fluid and measures them. 
Pul'sey. Cataplasm. 
Pulsific, pul-sif'ik (pulsus, pulse, facio, to make). 
Causing or exciting pulsation. 
Pulsilegium (pul-sil-lej'e-um) or Pulsilo'gium (pul- 
sus, lego, to read). Pulsimeter; any instrument for 
measuring the quickness or force of the pulse. 
Pulsimantia, pul-se-man-ti'ah (pulsus, manteia, 
divination). Art of predicting or prognosticating by 
the pulse. 
Pulsimeter, pul-sim'et-ur (pulsus, metron, measure). 
See Sphygmoscope and Sphygmomometer. 
Pul'sus. Pulse. P. acrit'icus, pulse of irritation. 
P. sequa'lis, pulse, equal. P. an'nuens et circum'- 
nuens, pulse, deficient. P. anorma'lis, pulse, irregu- 
lar. P. bi'crotus, pulse, dicrotic. P. bifer'iens, 
pulse, dicrotic. P. capri'zans, pulse, caprizant. P. 
cor'dis, see Heart. P. cras'sus, pulse, large. P. 
deb'ilis, pulse, feeble. P. defic'iens, pulse, deficient. 
P. di'crotus, pulse, dicrotic. P. dorcadi'zans, pulse, 
caprizant. P. du'plex, pulse, dicrotic. P. du'rus, 
pulse, hard. P. elas'ticus, pulse, supple. P. fluc- 
tuo'sus, pulse, undulating. P. flu'ens, pulse, un- 
dulating. P. formi'cans, pulse, formicant. P. for'- 
tis, pulse, strong. P. fusa'lis, pulse, caprizant. 
P. gazel'lans, pulse, caprizant. P. heterochron'- 
icus, see Heterochronicus. P. hu'milis, pulse, low. 
P. in'cidens Sola'ni, pulse, undulating. P. inter'- 
cidens, pulse, intercurrent. P. interci/sus, pulse, 
dicrotic. P. intercur'rens, pulse, intercurrent. P. 
intestina'lis, pulse, dicrotic. P. intrica'tus, pulse, 
intricate. P. mag'nus, pulse, large. P. mallea'ris, 
pulse, dicrotic. P. mol'lis, pulse, soft. P. monoc'ro- 
tus, pulse in which dicrotic wave is absent. P. myu'- 
rus, Decurtate or Sharp-tailed pulse; one which goes 
on diminishing; see Myurus. P. nervi'nus, pulse of 
irritation. P. norma'lis, pulse, regular. P. paradox'- 
us, feeble beat during inspiration, due to pathological 
conditions of heart and large vessels. P. par'vus, 
pulse, small. P. ple'nus, pulse, full. P. quadri- 
gem'inus and trigem'inus, pulse in which deviations 
are noticed after each third and fourth beat. P. ra'- 
rus, pulse, slow. P. serri'nus strikes sometimes 
strongly, at others feebly, and recalls the idea of a 
saw. P. stria'tus, one that strikes the finger to a 
small extent in breadth. P. sudora'lis, pulse of 
sweat. P. tar'dus, pulse, slow. P. urina'lis, pulse, 
931 
PULVERIZATION 
urinal. P. uteri'nus, pulse, uterine. P. vac'uus 
gives the idea of emptiness of the artery. P. vagina'- 
lis, pulse, vaginal. P. vena'rum, Venous pulse or 
pulsation; pulsation occasionally noticed in the jugu- 
lar veins, owing to some of the blood of the right 
ventricle reflowing into the right auricle, and com- 
municating an impulse to the venous blood arriving 
in the auricle through the descending cava. Is often 
a sign of impediment to the flow of blood along the 
pulmonary artery. 
Pultaceous, pul-ta'shus (puls, pap). Resembling 
pap. Having a softened, semifluid appearance. 
Pultatio, pul-tah'she-o (puls, pap). Atheroma. 
Pulticula, pul-tik'u-lah (dim. of Puls, pap). Bou- 
illie. 
Pul'tise. Cataplasm. 
Pul'verable. Pulverizable. 
Pulveratio, pul-ver-ah'she-o. Pulverization. 
Pulveres aerophori, pul've-rees a-air-of'o-re. Pow- 
ders, soda. P. effervescences, powders, soda. P. 
effervescences aperienCes, see Sedlitz. 
Pulverizable, pul'ver-i-za-ble (pulvis, powder, habi- 
lis, able). Pulver able. Capable of being reduced to 
powder. 
Pulverization, pul-ver-i-za'shun. Operation of di- 
viding substances so as to reduce them to powder. 
Most drugs are reduced to powder by persons who 
make it a special business, and who are called drug- 
grinders. This is done on a large scale in drug-mills; 
the implements used are the grinding mill and the 
stamping mill. In the shop of the apothecary pul- 
verization is effected by the pestle and mortar and 
the sieve. Where substances require the addition of 
other bodies to facilitate their reduction to powder- 
as where camphor needs a few drops of alcohol-the 
process is called pulverization by mediation. 
The term Pulverization, as well as Atomization and 
Nebulization, has been applied to the dispersing of 
liquids into fine spray, to be projected on wounds or 
on morbid surfaces. The liquids, in the form of spray, 
are said to be pulverized, nebulized, or atomized, and 
the instruments to disperse them are called pulver- 
izers, atomizers, nebulizers, spray-producers. 
Atomized medicated fluids are employed in affec- 
tions of the mucous membrane of the nose and 
fauces, in croup and diphtheria, asthma, laryngitis, 
etc. Under the name Inhalatoria, apartments have 
also been constructed for the introduction into them 
of mineral waters in the form of spray, for the pur- 
poses of inhalation, at some of the European springs 
especially. 
Water alone may be employed, either hot or cold, 
for purposes of atomization. The following sub- 
stances are some of those employed, the dose men- 
tioned of each being an approximate guide as to the 
quantity to be added to an ounce of water: 
Acidum carbolicum gr. j-ij. 
" sulphurosum fSij-viij. 
" tannicum gr. ij-xx. 
Alumen gr. v-xxx. 
" exsiccatum gr. iij-xx. 
Ammonii chloridi gr. v-lx. 
Aqua laurocerasi Iflv-xx. 
Argenti nitras gr. j-x. 
Borax gr. v-xx. 
Cupri sulphas gr. j-x. 
Extractum belladonnae gr. |-j. 
" cannabis Indicae gr. |-ij 
" conii .... gr. v-x. 
" " fluidum JTjiij-viij. 
" hyoscyami fluidum Tfliij-x. 
" opii gr. 4-v. 
Ferri ammonio-sulphas gr. iij-vj. 
" subsulphas (Monsel's salts) . . . . gr. ss-x. 
Hydrargyri chloridum corros gr. yg-g. 
Liquor calcis saccharatus f5j-iv. 
" ferri sesquichloridi gtt. v-xxx. 
" iodinii compositus Tflijyxv. 
" potassii arsenitis Ifliij-x. 
" sodae chlorinate ITlxxx-fgj. 
Morphinae acetas gr. fn-g. 
Oleum terebinthinae Tflj-y. 
Plumbi acetas gr. ij-x. 
Potassii bromidum gr. ij-x. 
" carbonas gr- x-5ij. PULVERIZED IRON 
Potassii chlorasgr. v-x. 
" iodidumgr. ij-x. 
" permanganasgr. ij-iv. 
Quininse sulphasgr. |-ij. 
Sodii chloridumgr. v-xl. 
Tinctura ferri perchloridiIflv-xxx. 
" iodinirfliij-xv. 
" opii n]iij-xx. 
Zinci sulphasgr. iij-xv. 
Pul'verized i'ron. Ferrum pulveratum. Powder 
made from iron filings. 
Pulverizers, pul'ver-i-zers. See Pulverization. 
Pul'vermacher's chain bat'tery. See Galvanism. 
Pulverulence, pul-ver'u-lence (pulverulentus, cov- 
ered with dust). State of being pulverulent. 
Pulverulent, pul-ver'u-lent (pulvis). Reduced to a 
fine powder. Covered, as it were, with dust. Epi- 
thet applied to the eyes when they appear dirty and, 
as it were, sprinkled with dust, due to granulations 
or grayish striae, resulting from thickening of the 
mucous fluid of the conjunctiva. 
Pulvil'lus. Pad; dossil of lint for surgical uses. 
Pulvinar, pul-ve'nar. Pillow; posterior tubercle of 
thalamus opticus. P. epiglot'tidis, tubercle of epi- 
glottis. P. hu'muli, hop pillow; see Humulus lupulus. 
P. medica'tum, medicated pillow, as of hops. P. 
par'vum, pad. P. ventric'uli, pancreas. 
Pul'vis. Powder. A substance reduced to small 
particles by pulverization. Simple powders are those 
of a single substance; compound, those resulting from 
a mixture of several different powders. An impalpa- 
ble powder is one which is so fine that it can scarcely 
be felt under the finger. Compound powders have 
been called Species. P. absor'bens, P. de magnesia 
compositus. P. adsperso'rius, catapasma. P. 
aeroph'orus, powders, soda. P. alexite'rius, P. con- 
trayervie compositus; P. ipecacuanhas compositus. P. 
algaro'thi, algaroth. P. al'oes cum canel'lfl, P. aloes 
et canellse, Powder of aloes with canella, Hiera picra, 
vulg. Hikry pikry, Picra, and Pikry (aloes, Ibj ; canell., 
warm cathartic; dose, gr. x-xx. P. al'oes 
compos'itus,.Compound powder of aloes (aloes, §iss; 
guaiac, res., 3j ; pulv. cinnam. comp., ; cathar- 
tic, stomachic, and sudorific; dose, gr. x-xx. P. 
al'oes cum guai'aco, P. aloes compositus. P. aloet'- 
icus, P. aloes cum canella; Hiera picra. P. alu'minis 
compos'itus, P. sulphatis aluminae compositus. P. 
alu'minis kinosa'tus, see P. sulphatis aluminse composi- 
tus. P. alumino'sus, P. sulphatis aluminse composi- 
tus. P. de ama'ris compos'itus (gentian., aristoloch. 
rotund., aa p. 3; flor, centaur, min., p. 4; fol. chamae- 
dr., chamaepit., manipul.-f. pulvis); in gouty affec- 
tions, dyspepsia, etc.; dose, gr. xx. P. amyg'dalse 
compos'itus, confectio amygdalarum. P. angel'icus, 
algaroth. P. anod'ynus, P. ipecacuanhas compositus. 
P. antiac'idus, pulvis cretae compositus, P. de mag- 
nesia compositus. P. antiarthrit'icus pur'gans, P. 
de senna, scammoneai,, et lignis. P. antiasthmat'icus, 
P. de sulphure et scilla. P. antilys'sus (ash-colored 
liverwort, black pepper, p. aeq.). P. antimonia'lis, 
antimonial powder. P. antimo'nii compos'itus, an- 
timonial powder. P. aromat'icus, P. cinnamomi 
compositus. P. arsenica'lis, Rous'selot's, Rousselot's 
arsenical powder. P. as'ari compos'itus, cephalic 
snuff; compound powder of asarabacca (asar. Europ., 
p. 3; origan, majoranae, lavand., sing., p. 1; rub 
into powder); sternutatory. P. aur'i, see Gold. P. 
e bo'lo compos'itus cum o'pio, P. cretae compositus 
cum opio. P. e bo'lo compos'itus si'ne o'pio, see 
P. cretse compositus. P. cambo'giae compos'itus, P. 
e gummi gutta. P. capita'lis sanc'ti An'geli, pulvis 
asari compositus. P. carbona'tis cal'cis compos'itus, 
P. cretae compositus. P. cardi'acus, P. contrayervae 
comp. P. Carthusiano'rum, antimonii sulphuretum 
rubrum. P. cat'echu compos'itus, Compound powder 
of catechu (catechu pulv., ; kino pulv., j|ij; 
kramer. rad., ; cinnam., myrist., aa ,^j); dose, as 
an astringent, gr. xx-xl. P. cathart'icus, P. scam- 
moneae compositus. P. caus'ticus Vindobonen'sis, 
powder, Vienna. P. cephal'icus, P. asari compositus. 
P. cinnamo'mi compos'itus, Compound powder of 
cinnamon. Aromatic powder (cinnam., zingib., aa §ij ; 
932 
PULVIS 
cardam., myrist., aa ,^j); stimulant and carminative; 
dose, gr. x-xx. P. cum citra'te magne'sico et sac'- 
charo, granulated citrate of magnesium. P. com'- 
itis Warwicen'sis, P. cornachini. P. comitis'sae, 
cinchona. P. contrayer'vae compos'itus, Contrayerva 
balls, Compound powder of contrayerva (contrayerv. 
contrit., test, praep., Tbiss); stimulant and sudor- 
ific; dose, gr. xv-xxx. P. cor'nu us'ti cum o'pio, 
Powder of burnt hartshorn with opium (opii duri, 3j ; 
corn. ust. praep., j ; coccor., 3 j). Ten grains contain 
one of opium. Anodyne. P. Cos'mi, powder, arseni- 
cal, of Come. P. creta'ceus, P. cretae compositus. 
P. cre'tae aromat'icus, see Confectio aromatica. P. 
cre'tae cum o'pio (aromatic powder of 
chalk, 3vj ; opium, ; used in diarrhoea; adult 
dose, gr. x-xx. P. cre'tae compos'itus (Ph. U. S.), 
Compound powder of chalk (cretae ppt., acaciae, 
3j ; sacchar., §iiss); antacid, stomachic, absorbent. 
P. cre'tae compos'itus cum o'pio, Compound powder 
of chalk with opium (pulv. cretae comp., 3viss; opii 
duri, Qiv); anodyne and absorbent; dose, gr. 
xx-xl. The British Pharmacopoeia has Pwtois 
cretae aromaticus cum opio, Aromatic powder of chalk 
and opium (aromatic powder of chalk, opium, 
3i); dose, gr. x-xl. P. diaphoret'icus, P. ipecac- 
uanha comp. P. diapno'icus, P. ipecacuanha comp. 
P. diaro'maton, P. cinnamomi compositus. P. dia- 
se'na, P. senna compos. P. diaturpe'thi compos'- 
itus, P. jalapa compositus. P. efferves'cens com- 
pos'itus, compound effervescing powder; Seidlitz 
powder (sodii bicarb., gr. cccclxxx; potassii et sodii 
tartrat., gr. ccccxl; mixed and divided into 12 
powders (in blue paper); acid, tartaric., gr. ccccxx ; 
divided into 12 powders (in white paper); a powder 
in a blue paper is then mixed with one in white 
paper, and drank while effervescing, as a laxative. P. 
elateri'ni compos'itus, compound powder of elaterin 
(elaterin, gr. v; sugar of milk, gr. cxcv); dose, gr. £-iv. 
P. emmenago'gus, P. myrrhae compositus. P. epilep'- 
ticus marchio'num, P. de magnesia compositus. P. 
errhi'nus, P. asari compositus. P. febrlf'ugus Jaco'bi, 
antimonial powder. P. galactopoe'us, P. de mag- 
nesia compositus. P. glycyrrhi'zae compos'itus 
(Ph. U. S.), Compound licorice powder; laxative, al- 
most impalpable, employed in simple atonic consti- 
pation (senna in powder, gr. Ixxxvj ; licorice pow- 
der, gr. Ixxvj ; fennel, gr. xxxviij; sugar, gr. ccxl); 
dose, a teaspoonful at bed-time. P. e gum'mi gut'ta, 
Camboge powder (rad. jalap., 24 p.; rad. Mechoacan., 
12 p.; cinnam., rhei, aa 8 p.; gum. cambog., 3 p.; fol. 
soldanellae sicc., 6 p.; semin. anisi, 12 p.); drastic 
cathartic, in anasarca and in worms; dose, gr. xv- 
xxx. P. gummo'sus alkali'nus (guaiac., 32 p.; 
potass, carb., 4 p.); antacid. P. haemostat'icus, styp- 
tic powder. P. helminthocort'o compos'itus (fuc. 
helminthocort., sem. contra., summitat., absinth., 
tanaceti, fol. scordii, sennae, rhei., aa p. ae); dose, TT(J 
to 3j. P. hydrago'gus, P. e gummi gutta. P. hy- 
drar'gyri cine'reus, see Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum. 
P. hypnot'icus, hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum. 
P. imperato'ris, P. cinnamomi compositus. P. in- 
cisi'vus, P. de sulphure et scilla. P. pro infan'tibus, 
P. de magnesia compositus. P. infan'tum, pulvis mag- 
nesiae compositus. P. infan'tum antac'idus, P. de 
magnesia compositus. P. ipecacuan'hae compos'itus, 
P. ipecacuanhas et opii (Ph. U. S.), Compound powder 
of ipecacuanha, Dover's powder (ipecacuanhas, opii, aa 
3j ; sacchar. lactis, ,?j); diaphoretic; dose, gr. v-x. 
P. ipecacuan'hae et o'pii, P. ipecacuanhae compositus. 
P. Jaco'bi, antimonial powder. P. jalap'ae compos'- 
itus (Ph. U. S.), Compound powder of jalap (pulv. 
jalap., gr. clxviij ; potass, bitart., gr cccxiij ; cathar- 
tic; dose, gr. xx-3j. P. jalap'ae sali'nus, P. jalap;® 
compositus. P. de jalap'ae et scammo'nio com- 
pos'itus, P. scammoneae comp. P. jalap'ae tar- 
tar'icus, P. jalapae compositus. P. Jame'sii, antimo- 
nial powder. P. Jesuit'icus, cinchona. P. ki'no 
compos'itus, Compound powder of kino (kino, pulv., 
§3|; opii, pulv., ; cinnamon, cort. in pulv., ,5,j; 
Ph. B.); astringent; dose, gr. v-xx. P. lax'ans, P. 
jalapae compositus. P. lax'ans cum sa'le, P. jalapa?. PULVIS 
compositus. P. laxati'vus vegetal)'ills, P. jalapae 
compositus. P. magne'siae compos'itus, Compound 
powder of magnesia (magnesias, sacchar., aa p. ae.). P. 
Mantua'nus, P. contrayervae comp. P. marchio'nis, 
marchionis pulvis. P. mercuria'lis cine'reus, hydrar- 
gyri oxidum cinereum. P. morphi'nae compos'itus 
(Ph. U. S.), Compound powder of morphine, Tully's 
powder (morphin. sulph., gr. viij ; camphor., glycyr- 
rhizae, calcis carbonat. preecipitat., aa gr. clx; alco- 
hol, q. s.); one grain of the powder contains gr. of 
morphine ; dose, gr. x. P. ad mu'cum pulmonaTexn 
libe'rius cien'dum, P. de sulphureet scilla. P. myr'- 
rhae compos'itus, Compound myrrh powder (myrrhae, 
sabinae, rutae, castor, russ., aa ,^j); stimulant, anti- 
spasmodic, and emmenagogue; dose, gr. xv-xl. P. 
nutri'cum, P. de magnesia compositus. P. opi'atus, 
P. cornu usti cum opio. P. o'pii compos'itus, Com- 
pound powder of opium (opii, pulv., §iss; piper, nig., 
; zingib., §v; carui, j;vj ; tragacanth, 5SS; Ph. 
B.); dose, gr. ij-v. This powder nearly represents 
the dry ingredients of confectio opii of the Ph. B. 
P. ox'idi antimo'nii compos'itus, antimonial powder. 
P. ox'ydi stib'ii compos'itus, P. cornachini. P. ad 
par'tum, ergot. P. partu'riens, ergot. P. pectora'- 
lis kurel'lae, pulvis glycyrrhizae compositus. P. de 
phos'phate cal'cis et stib'ii compos'itus, antimonial 
powder. P. prin'cipis, hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
P. pur'gans, P. jalapae compositus. P. querceta'nus, 
hydrargyri submurias. P. quer'cus mari'nae, Powder 
of yellow bladderwrack; virtues dependent on iodine; 
used, consequently, in bronchocele, etc.; dose, gr. x- 
xl; see Fucus vesiculosus. P. rhe'i compos'itus (Ph. 
U. S.), Compound powder of rhubarb (magnes., gr. 
cccxij ; zingib., gr. xlvij ; rhei, gr. cxx); antacid and 
laxative; dose, for adult, gr. xxx-3j ; for young 
child, gr. ij-v. P. sali'nus compos'itus, Compound 
saline powder (sodii chlorid., magnesiae sulphat., aa 
§iv; potas. sulphat., ; dose, as an aperient, 3ii- 
iij. P. scammo'neae compos'itus, P. scammonii com- 
positus. P. scammo'nii cum aloe, Scammony and aloes 
powder (scammon., 3vj ; ext. jalap, dur., aloes Socotr., 
aa ,^iss; zingib., ; cathartic; dose, gr. x-xv. P. 
scammo'nii antimonia'lis, P. cornachini. P. scam- 
mo'nii compos'itus, Compound jjowder of scammony 
(scammony resin, jalap, ; ginger, Ph. 
Br.); dose, gr. x-xx; cathartic. P. scarot'icus, pul- 
vis arsenicalis. P. sem'inum li'ni, linseed meal. 
P. de sen'na, scammo'neo et lig'nis compos'itus, 
dictus antiarthriticus purgans (gum arab., potass, super- 
tart., fol. sennae, Chinas, aa 4 p.; scammon., rad. sarsa- 
par., Chinee, guaiac, lign., aa 2 p.); purgative; used 
to obviate gout; dose, 3j- sen'nas compos'itus, 
Compound powder of senna (sennae, potas. supertart., 
; scammon., 3ss; zingib., 5ij); cathartic, hydra- 
gogue; dose, gr. xx~5j. P. stan'ni, see Tin. P. 
sternutato'rius, P. asari compositus. P. stibia'tus, 
antimonial powder. P. styp'ticus, P. sulphatis alu- 
minae compositus. P. sudorif'icus, P. ipecacuanhae 
compositus. P. sudorif'icus Do'veri, P. ipecacuanhae 
compositus. P. de sulphat'e potas'sae compos'itus 
(potass, sulph., P. nitrat., aa 9 p.; hydrarg. sulph. 
rubr., 2 p.); antiphlogistic, and used in acidity of 
the gastro-intestinal canal; dose, 7)j to Qij. P. sul- 
pha'tis alu'minae compos'itus, Compound alum pow- 
der (sulphatis aluminae, 4 p.; kino, 1 p.); astringent 
in intestinal hemorrhage and diarrhoea; dose, gr. x- 
xv. P. de sul'phure et scil'la, (sacchar., 3 p.; sul- 
phur. lot., 2 p.; scillee. siccat., 1 p.); dose, gr. v-xx. 
P. sympathet'icus, sympathetic powder. P. tara- 
can'nae, powdered cockroach. P. tem'perans Stahl'ii, 
P. de sulphate potassae compositus. P. terres'tris, 
P. cretae compositus. P. Tonquinen'sis, P. Cobbii. 
P. tragacan'thae compos'itus, Compound powder of 
tragacanth (tragacanth., acaciae, amyli, aagj; sacch. 
purif., ; Ph. B.); demulcent, in coughs, etc.; 
dose, 5ss to 5iij. P. de tri'bus, P. cornachini. P. 
ad ul'cera ten'dinum, P. myrrhae compositus. P. 
vermif'ugus abs'que mercu'rio, pulvis ex helmintho- 
corto comp. P. vermif'ugus mercuria'lis, P. e sul- 
phureto hydrargyri nigro et scammonio. P. vi'tae 
imperato'ris, P. cinnamomi compositus. 
933 
PUNCTURE 
Pumex, pu'meks. Pumice. Formerly employed as 
a desiccative and as a dentifrice. 
Pumice, pum'is. Pumex. 
Pumllio (pum-il'e-o) or Pumilus, pu'mil-us. One 
who is much below the usual stature. 
Pum'melfoot (knobfoot). Kyllosis. 
Pump, breast. Antlia lactea. P., stom'ach, stom- 
ach-pump. 
Pump'kin. Cucurbita pepo. 
Puna, pu'nah. Mountain sickness. Sickness com- 
mon in the elevated districts of South America and 
elsewhere, attacking those unaccustomed to breathe 
the rarefied atmosphere. It strongly resembles sea- 
sickness, with acute and depressing throbbing in the 
head. It does not often affect the respiration greatly. 
Punch (pungo, punctum, to prick). Surgical instru- 
ment. See Lever. Also an agreeable alcoholic drink, 
made of spirit, wine, sugar, lemon-juice, and water. 
Milk is sometimes substituted wholly or in part for 
the water, the lemon-juice being left out and nutmeg 
added: it then forms Milk punch. Punch, as a drink, 
is said to be of oriental origin, and to be derived from 
Persian punji or Sanscrit pancha, " five," from the num- 
ber of ingredients that entered into its composition. 
Puncta (pl. of Punctum), punk'tab {pungo, punc- 
tum, to prick, to dot). Point; prick; puncture. P. 
doloro'sa, tender or painful points along inflamed 
nerves. P. lacrymal'ia, orifices of lacrymal canals 
near inner canthus of the eye. P. ossificatio'nis, 
ossification, points of. P. vasculo'sa, numerous 
minute red spots studding the surface of the centrum 
ovale majus, produced by the escape of blood from 
divided blood-vessels. 
Punctae (punk'te) (pl. of Puncta) muco'sse. See 
Acme. 
Punctate, punk'tate. Pointed. Having many 
points. 
Puncticula, punk-tik'u-lah (dim. of Puncta, point). 
Petechiae. 
Punctio, punk'she-o {pungo, punctum, to punc- 
ture). Paracentesis; puncture. P. ner'vi, puncture 
of a nerve. 
Punc'tum (point). See Puncta, Puncture, and Stitch. 
P. adhsesio'nis, origin of a muscle. P. alae vom'eris, 
hormion. P. aur'eum, formerly, when an intestinal 
hernia was reduced by an incision made through the 
integuments down to the upper part of the spermatic 
vessels, a golden wire was fixed and twisted, so as to 
prevent the descent of anything down the tunica 
vaginalis; hence the term. See also Foramen centrale 
retime. P. cse'cum, blind spot; see Optic nerve. P. 
fix'um, origin of a muscle. P. foram'inis mag'ni 
ante'rius, basion. P. foram'inis mag'ni poste'rius, 
opisthion. P. insertio'nis, insertion of muscle. P. 
lacryma'le, lacrymal punctum. P. mo'bile, inser- 
tion of muscle. P. nasa'le infe'rius, rhinion. P. 
naso-fronta'le, nasion. P. occipita'le, lambda. P. 
prsemaxilla're, alveolar point. P. protuberan'tise 
occipita'lis, inion. P. prox'imum, nearest point that 
can be focused by the eye on the retina. P. remo'tum, 
far-point; farthest point which can be focused by the 
eye on the retina. P. sa'liens (leaping point), first 
moving point which makes its appearance after the 
fecundation of the germ. It has been generally, but 
erroneously, applied to the heart of the embryo, which 
has been described as the first to live-primum vivens 
-the last to die-ultimum moriens. P. spi'nse nasa'- 
lis anterio'ris, subnasal point. P. spi'nse nasa'lis 
posterio'ris, staphylion. 
Punctura, punk-tu'rah. Paracentesis; puncture. 
P. aur'ea, punctum aureum. 
Puncturation, punk-tu-ra'shun. Act of punctur- 
ing. 
Puncture, punk'tchur. Wound made by a pointed 
instrument, as a sword, bayonet, needle, thorn, etc. 
A puncture is generally of trifling consequence; but 
sometimes it becomes important from the parts im- 
plicated and the after-consequences. P. doc'tors, 
{F. piqueurs medecins), a name at one time given in 
derision, in the hospitals of Paris, to those physicians 
who employed acupuncturation in almost all diseases. PUNCTURING 
Puncturing, punk'tchur-ing. Operation of opening, 
by means of a trocar, lancet, etc., any natural or ac- 
cidental cavity, with the view of evacuating any fluid 
effused or accumulated therein. 
Punc'tus ru'ber sa'liens. Punctum saliens. 
Pungent, pun'jent. Pain is said to be pungent 
when it seems as if a pointed instrument was forced 
into the suffering part. 
Punica granatum, pu'nik-ah gran-at'um (Punica, 
Punic or Carthaginian, whose colors were a deep red, 
phoinix). Pomegranate, ord. Myrtaceae. The rind of 
the fruit, called Malichorium, Malicorium, Granati, 
Fructus Cortex, and the flowers, called Balaus- 
tine flowers, are used in medicine; have been em- 
ployed both internally and externally as astringents; 
seeds are called Coccones. The portion, however, that 
has attained most celebrity is the bark of the root, 
Granatum (Ph. U. S.), Granati radicis cortex (Ph. Br.), 
which appears to be very efficacious in taenia; is given 
in decoction. (Granat. rad. cort., ; aquae, Oij boiled 
to Oiss). Dose, f§ij every half hour. Three or four 
doses are usually sufficient to expel the worm). The 
bark contains a peculiar matter called granatin. An 
oleoresinous principle has also been obtained from 
the bark, called punicine. The latter is generally 
known as pelletierine, under which name it is pre- 
scribed. See Pelletierine. 
Pu'nico-tan'nlc acid. Tannic acid in bark of 
pomegranate. 
Punk. Boletus igniarius. 
Puntos. An epidemic contagious spotted fever 
which prevailed in Spain in the sixteenth century. 
Puogenia, pu-o-jen'e-ah. Pyogenia. 
Pu'pil (pupa, babe, pupilla, little babe; so called 
from the image seen in the eye). Sight or Apple or 
Ball of the eye. The aperture of the iris through which 
the rays of light pass that have to impress the image of 
an object on the retina. This aperture can be dilated 
or contracted so as to allow a greater or smaller 
quantity of luminous rays to penetrate. The pupil, 
in man, is round, and by it the anterior and posterior 
chambers of the eye communicate with each other. 
In the foetus, during the first six months of gestation, 
it is closed by the pupillary membrane. The con- 
traction of the pupil is an important symptom in 
diseases and injuries of the brain. Certain medi- 
cines always dilate the pupil, while others contract it. 
See Mydriatics and Myotics. P., Argyll'-Rob'ert- 
son's, pupil which does not respond to action of 
light, but to accommodation for short distances; 
frequent symptom in tabes dorsalis. P., artific'ial, 
an operation is sometimes necessary to form a new 
pupil in lieu of the natural one, which has become 
obliterated by disease; see Coretomia, Iridodesis, 
Corelysis, Iridodialysis. P., clo'sure of the, synezizis. 
P., contraction of the, mydriasis. P., dilatation 
of the, corectasis. P., exclusion of the, total pos- 
terior synechia; see Synechia. P., occlu'sion of the, 
see Synechia. P., pin'hole, a condition of the pupil 
in typhus in which it is so contracted as to resemble 
a pinhole. It indicates a dangerous form of brain 
affection. 
Pupilla, pu-pil'lah. Pupil. P. factit'ia, pupil, 
artificial. 
Pupillse (pu-pil'le) ve'lum (curtain of the pupil). 
Pupillary membrane. 
Pupillaris (pu-pil-lah'ris) her'ba. Lapsana. 
Pupillary, pu'pil-la-re. That which belongs to the 
pupil. P. mem'brane, the central aperture of the 
iris is closed in the foetus during a certain period of 
gestation by a very thin membrane. It disappears in 
the seventh month. The term Hfembrana pupillaris 
perseverans has been applied by Graefe to an adven- 
titious membrane with holes or fissures in front of 
the iris, which he considers to be the remains of the 
anterior part of the vascular capsule of the lens. 
Pupillometer, pu-pil-lom'e-tur (pupilla, metron, 
measure). A hybrid word for an instrument which 
indicates, by measurement, the size of the pupil. 
Pupillos'copy (pupilla, skopeo, to see). Examina- 
tion of the pupil. 
934 
PURPURA 
Pup'pis os. Frontal bone. 
Pup'pit root. Veratrum viride. 
Pupula, pu'pu-lah. Pupil. 
Pu'pulae. The pulps or extremities of the fingers. 
Pur'blind. (? Peerblind). Myopic. 
Purblindness, pur'blind-ness. Myopia. 
Purgament, pur'ga-ment (purgo, to cleanse). Pur- 
gative. 
Purgamenta, pur-gam-en'tah. Excrement. P. 
al'ba, leucorrhcea. P. infan'tis, meconium. P. 
puerpe'rii, lochia. P. u'teri, lochia. 
Purgans medicamentum, pur'gans med-ik-am-en'- 
tum. Purging medicine ; cathartic. 
Purgatio, pur-gah'she-o (purgo, purgatum, to 
cleanse). Catharsis. P. al'vi, catharsis. P. mulieb'- 
ris al'ba, leucorrhcea. P. puerpe'rii, lochia. 
Purgation, pur-ga'shun. Catharsis. 
Purgationes, pur-gah-she-o'nees (pl. of Purgatio, 
cleansing). Menses. P. men'struse, menses. 
Purgative, pur'ga-tiv. Cathartic, Purgament, Purge. 
Medicine which operates more powerfully on the 
bowels than a laxative, stimulating the muscular 
coat and exciting increased secretion from the 
mucous membrane. See Cathartics. 
Purge, purj. Purgative. P. root, Euphorbia corol- 
lata. 
Purging, purging. Diarrhoea. P. ag'aric, white 
agaric, Polyporus officinalis. P. ber'ries, fruit of 
Rhamnus catharticus. P. cas'sia, fruit of Cassia fis- 
tula ; pulp is slightly laxative. P. flax, Linum cath- 
articum; decoction is cathartic and diuretic. P. nut, 
Jatropha curcas. 
Purificans, pu'rif-ik-ans (purus, pure, facio, to 
make). Purifying. 
Purificantia, pu-rif-ik-an'she-ah. Medicines that 
cleanse ot purify the blood. 
Purificus, pu-rif'ik-us. Purifying. 
Pu'rified al'oes. See Aloes. P. ammo'niac, gum- 
mi ammoniacum expurgatum. P. an'imal char'coal, 
see Carbo. P. an'timony sul'phide, antimonii sul- 
phidum purificatum. P. bis'muth, see Bismuth. P. 
chlo'roform, see Chloroform. P. cot'ton, cotton free 
from all foreign matter. P. dig'italin, digitalinum 
depuratum. 
Puriform, pu're-form (pus, forma, form). Having 
the appearance of pus. 
Puriloid, pu'ril-oid (pus, eidos, resemblance). Py- 
oid. 
Purkinje (per-kin'je), cells of. Cells provided with 
processes in deep layers of cortex cerebelli. P. fi'bres, 
fibres resembling a net met with beneath the endocar- 
dial tissue lining the ventricles of the foetal heart, 
sometimes seen in adults. P. fig'ures, figures made 
by shadows of retinal blood-vessels on the retina. P. 
gran'ular lay'er, interglobular spaces of Czermak in 
dentine. P., im'ages of, see Image. P. ves'icle, ger- 
minal vesicle. 
Purl. Medicated malt liquor in which wormwood 
and aromatics are infused. Also boiled beer having 
gin, sugar, and spice mixed with it. 
Purohepatitis, pu-ro-hep-at-e'tis (pus, hepatitis). 
See Hepatitis. 
Puromucous, pu-ro-mu'kus (pws, mucus). Having 
the character or appearance of pus and mucus. 
Pur'ple a'vens. Geum rivale. P. of Cas'sius, a 
precipitate obtained by adding the protochloride of 
tin to a dilute solution of gold, or by dipping rods of 
tin in a solution of gold in diluted chlorohydric acid. 
Used in syphilis. P. fe'ver, cerebrospinal fever. P., 
vis'ual, see Rhodopsin. P. wil'low herb, Lythrum 
salicaria. 
Pur'ples. Purpura haemorrhagica. 
Purpura, pur'pu-rah. Purple color. This word has 
been employed in many senses. It generally means 
livid spots on the skin from extravasated blood, a 
hemorrhage into the cutis, with languor and loss of 
muscular strength, and pains in the limbs. The effu- 
sion of blood in purpura may have the appearance of 
bruises, ruptured vessels, bullae, papules, petechiae, 
vibices, etc. Purpura is sometimes used as a synonym 
of scarlatina. All the varieties of purpura consider- PURPUR/EMIA 
ably resemble each other. In the simple and hemor- 
rhagic forms of the disease, however, there seems at 
times to be some excitement, which has led to the em- 
ployment of purgatives, and at one time of bleeding. 
They are dependent upon a peculiar diathesis, which 
has been termed Scorbutic cachexia, Lues scorbutica, 
and Cacochymia scorbutica. In addition to the numer- 
ous remedies suggested in these varied morbid condi- 
tions, much good will be accomplished by change from 
low to cheerful spirits, from filth to cleanliness, and 
from a cold and damp to a temperate and dry climate, 
with sufficiency and change of food, and especially 
the use of green vegetables. The general principles 
of management are the same in sea as in land 
scurvy, that is, in P. nautica as in P. hsemorrhagica. 
P. al'ba benig'na et malig'na, miliary fever. P. 
ful'minans, p. accompanied by rapid and large 
ecchymoses. P. haemorrhag'ica, Land scurvy, Pur- 
ples. The spots are circular and of different sizes, 
often in stripes or patches, irregularly scattered over 
the thighs, arms, and trunk, with occasional hemor- 
rhage from the mouth, nostrils, or viscera, and great 
debility and depression of spirits. Black leg is one 
form of this disease. P. malig'na, petechiae. P. 
milia'ris, miliary fever. P. minera'lis Cas'sii, pur- 
ple of Cassius. P. nau'tica, Sea scurvy. There are 
spots of different hues intermixed with the livid, 
principally at the roots of the hair; the teeth are 
loose, the gums are spongy and bleeding, the breath 
is fetid, and the debility universal and extreme. 
This occurs chiefly at sea, after exposure to a moist, 
cold, foul atmosphere, with long use of one kind of 
food and of stagnant water. P. neonato'rum, pur- 
pura of the new-born child. P. papulo'sa, form of 
purpura in which the ecchymoses are interspersed 
with small papules. P. puerpera'rum, miliary fever. 
P. rheumat'ica, purpura characterized by eruption, 
beginning with fever and rheumatic pains in certain 
joints. P. scorbu'tica, scurvy. P. seni'lis, P. of old 
age. P. sim'plex, Petechial scurvy. The spots are 
numerous, small, and fleabite-shaped, chiefly on the 
breast, arms, and legs, with paleness of countenance. 
At times the affection is accompanied by severe pains 
in the extremities, constituting Peliosis rheumatica. 
P. urtica'ta, urticaria. 
Purpuraemia, pur-pur-e'me-ah (purpura, haima, 
blood). Malarial fever accompanied with hemorrhage 
from the kidneys. 
Purpuric, pur'pu-rik. Relating or appertaining to 
purpura, as purpuric fever; or to purpurine, as pur- 
puric urine. P. u'rine, see Porphyruria. 
Purpurine, pur'pu-reen. See Porphyruria. 
Purpurissum, pur-pu-ris'sum. Hydrargyri sulphu- 
retum rubrum. 
Pur'ring thrill. Thrill in an aneurism perceptible 
to the touch. P. tre'mor, purring tremor sensible to 
the hand when applied over the precardial region, 
and supposed to be a sign of ossification or other con- 
traction of the auriculoventricular openings. 
Purse (bursa). Scrotum. P., shep'herd's, Thlaspi 
bursa. 
Pursiness, pur'se-ness. Dyspnoea accompanied with 
oppressive fatness. The word is also applied to dysp- 
noea of every kind. One so affected is pursy or 
short-winded, short of wind (Prov. short of puff). 
Purslain, purs'lane (portulaca). Portulaca. 
Purs'lane. Portulaca. P., milk, Euphorbia corol- 
lata and E. maculata. P., speed'well, Veronica pere- 
grina. P., wa'ter, LUdwigia palustris, Veronica bec- 
cabunga. 
Pursy, pur'se. See Pursiness. 
Purulence, pu'ru-lence (pus). Pus; suppuration. 
Purulency, pu'ru-len-se. Pus; suppuration. 
Purulent, pu'ru-lent. That which has the charac- 
ter of pus or consists of pus; as purulent matter, 
a purulent collection, purulent infiltration, etc. P. 
depos'it, pus. P. diath'esis, pyaemia. P. infec'tion, 
pyaemia. 
Purulentia, pu-ru-len'she-ah. Suppuration. 
Pu'ruloid (pus, eidos, resemblance). Pyoid. 
Pur'vain. Verbena officinalis. 
935 
. PUTREFACTION 
TTT-vOk' 
Pus (puon). Matter, Purulent deposit, Purulence, Pu- 
rulency. Secretion from inflamed textures, and espe- 
cially from the areolar membrane; almost always of 
the same nature, whatever may be the part it proceeds 
from. Pus of a good quality-Healthy or Laudable pus, 
Pus bonum, P. laudabile, P. nutritivum, P. verum-is of a 
yellowish-white color, opaque, inodorous, and of a 
creamy appearance; heat, acids, and alcohol coagulate 
it. When analyzed it affords albumen and water, a 
particular extractive substance, and a small quantity 
of soda, calcium phosphate, and other salts. Normal 
pus consists essentially of two distinct parts-Pus-cor- 
puscles or Pus-globules, Cytoid corpuscles of Henle, and a 
colorless, aqueous fluid, Liquor puris, in which the 
corpuscles are suspended. See Pyoid. Fully-formed 
pus is aplastic. The chief microbes concerned in 
_pyogenesis or pus-formation are the streptococcus 
pyogenes and forms of staphylococci. See Suppura- 
tion, Bacillus pyogenicus, Streptococcus, etc., and Pro- 
genia. P. bo'num, see Pus. P. cor'puscles, see 
Pus. P. corrosi'vum, sanies. P., cur'dy, pus hav- 
ing a cheesy appearance like the flakes of curds. 
P. glob'ules, see Pus. P., health'y, see Pus. P., 
ich'orous, so called when thin and acrid. P., laud'- 
able, see Pus. P. malig'num, ichor; sanies. P., 
muco-, pus mixed with mucus. P. nutriti'vum, see 
Pus. P., sa'nious, greenish or reddish pus mixed 
with blood. P., sero-, pus mixed with serum. P. 
ve'rum, see Pus. 
Pu'sa. Girl. 
Push. Pustule. 
Pusilia, pu-sil'lah (dim of Pusa). Girl. 
Pusillatum (pu-sil-lat'um) or Pusula'tum (pusillus, 
small). Coarse powder. 
Pusillus, pu-sil'lus (small). Dwarf. 
Pus'kile. Pustule. 
Pustula, pus'tu-lah (pus). Pustule. P. Aleppen'- 
sis, P. ardens; eczema. P. gangrseno'sa, see Anthrax. 
P. o'ris, aphthae. P. liv'ida Estho'niae, see Anthrax. 
P. malig'na, see Anthrax. 
Pustulse siccse, pus'tu-le sik'ke (dry pustules). 
Lichen. 
Pustulant, pus'tu-lant. Anything irritating the 
skin and causing pustules to form. 
Pustular, pus'tu-lar. Of or belonging to pustules; 
affected with pustules. 
Pustulate, pus'tu-late. Blistered. 
Pustulation, pus-tu-la'shun (pustulo, pustulatum, 
to cause pustules). Formation of pustules. 
Pustule, pus'tule. Elevation of the cuticle with an 
inflamed base. Several varieties of pustules are usually 
described-Phlyzacium, Psydracium, Achor, and Favus. 
The variolous pustule is called by the French, grain; 
English, pock. P., malig'nant, see Anthrax. 
Pustulous, pus'tu-lus. Pustular. 
Pusulatum, pu-su-lat'um. Coarse powder. 
Pu'sus. Boy. 
Put to bed. Deliver. 
Putamen ovi, pu-ta'men o've (shell of an egg, puto, 
to cast off). See Ovum, Membranaputaminis. 
Putium, pu'she-um (posthion). Prepuce. 
Putredo, pu-tra'do (rottenness). Hospital gangrene ; 
putrefaction. 
Putrefaction, pu-tre-fak'shun (putris, rotten, facio, 
to make). Putrid or Putrefactive fermentation. De- 
composition experienced by animal substances when 
deprived of life and placed under special circum- 
stances. Such change is now, in the light of modern 
research, considered as resulting from the action of 
pathogenic micro-organisms. See Bacillus and Bacteria. 
Presence of water is indispensable ; the temperature 
most favorable to it is from 60° to 90° of Fahrenheit. 
The most common products of putrefaction are water, 
carbonic acid, acetic acid, ammonia, carburetted hy- 
drogen, and a semi-putrid substance which is volatil- 
ized and has an infected odor. It has been supposed 
that something like putrefaction may occur in the 
living body, as in cases of putrid fever. To this con- 
dition the name Typhohaemia has been given, under 
the view that it is owing to alteration of the blood 
by putrid animal matters. Putrefaction or Putrescence PUTRESCENCE 
properly signifies the state of becoming putrid: Pu- 
tridity, Putredo, Putriditas, Putridness, the state of 
rottenness. See Bacillus. 
Putres'cence. Tendency to, or incipient condition 
of, putrefaction. 
Putrescent, pu-tres'sent (putresco, to grow rotten). 
Growing putrid; slightly putrid. 
Putrescentia, pu-tres-sen'she-ah. Putrefaction. P. 
u'teri grav'idi, softness of the uterus during preg- 
nancy. 
Putrescibility, pu-tres-ib-il'it-e. Capacity for under- 
going putrefaction. 
Putres'cine (putresco, to rot). C4H12N2. Ptomaine 
which is not poisonous, and usually occurs with cadav- 
erine, obtained from putrefying internal organs of man, 
from herring and other fish, from flesh of man and the 
horse, from cultures of faeces or gelatin, etc. It is a clear 
liquid with a spermatic odor. See Ptomaines (table). 
Pu'trid (putreo, to rot). Epithet for affections in 
which the matters excreted and the transpiration 
itself exhale a smell of putridity. It is particularly 
applied to typhus. P. infec'tion, septaemia. 
Putriditas, pu-trid'it-as. See Putrefaction. 
Putridity, pu-trid'it-e. See Putrefaction. 
Putrila'go (putris, rotten). Pultaceous matter or 
slough which forms in certain gangrenous and other 
ulcers, and is thrown off. 
Pu'tror. Putrefaction. 
Puttyroot, put'e-root. Aplectrum hiemale. 
Put'zochill. See Hlyroxylon Peruiferum. 
Puxiri. See Pichurim beans. 
Puysegu'rian clair'voyance (after the Marquis 
Puysegur). See Clairvoyance. 
Pyaemia, pe-a'me-ah (pyo, haima, blood). Suppura- 
tive fever. Purulent contamination of the blood, pro- 
ducing marked depression of the vital powers, the 
formation of abscesses in various regions of the body, 
etc., constituting the diathesis or infectio purulenta, 
purulent diathesis, purulent infection; supposed by 
some to be due to suppurative capillary phlebitis ; by 
others to coagulation of the vitiated blood in the ves- 
sels-the veins especially-or the heart, and to the 
inflammation and suppuration developed by the clots 
when detached and carried into the capillaries of 
other parts. Chronic or relapsing pyaemia resembles 
the acute form, but is slower and attended with, re- 
lapses. See Septeemia and Ichorhsemia; and Pus for 
the micro-organisms concerned in the production of 
pyaemia. 
Py'ar (pwar). Colostrum. 
Pyarthrosis, pe-ar-thro'sis (pyo, arthron, joint, osis). 
Suppuration of a joint. 
Pyarthrum, pe-ar'thrum (pyo, arthron, joint). A 
suppurated joint. 
Pyaulacomele, pe-aw-lak-o-ma'la (puon, pus, aulaco- 
mele, grooved probe). Grooved probe for examining 
for pus. 
Pycnanthemum incanum, pik-nan'them-um in- 
kan'um (puknos, dense, anthemon, blossom). Common 
mountain mint, Wild basil. Indigenous plant of the 
Mint family-ord. Labiatae-having the aromatic 
properties of the mints. P. linifoTium, Virginia 
thyme, has like virtues. 
Pycnicmasia (pik-nik-mah'se-ah) or Pycnic'masis 
(puknos, thick, ikmas, moisture). A thickening of 
the juices. 
Pycnicmastica, pik-nik-mas'tik-ah. Medicines 
which were formerly believed to possess the power 
of thickening the humors when too thin. 
Pycnometer, pik-nom'e-tur (puknos, thick, metron, 
measure). Areometer. 
Pycnosis, pik-no'sis (puknos, thick, osis). Act of 
rendering thick, as in the formation of an extract. 
Pycnotica, pik-no'tik-ah. See Pycnicmastica. 
Pyecchysis, pe-ek'kis-is (puon, ekchusis, effusion). 
Effusion of pus. 
Pyelitis, pe-el-e'tis. Inflammation of the pelvis and 
calices of the kidney. 
Pyelocystitis, pe-el-o-sis-te'tis (pweZos, pelvis, kustis, 
bladder). Inflammation of renal pelvis and of the 
bladder. 
936 
PYOCOLPOCELE 
Pyelometer, pe-el-om'e-tur (pyelus, metron, meas- 
ure). Pelvimeter. 
Pyelonephritis, pe-el-o-nef-re'tis (pyelus, nephros, 
kidney, itis). Inflammation of the kidney and of its 
pelvis and calices. 
Pyelonephro'sis (pyelus, nephros, kidney). Surgi- 
cal kidney; affection of kidney and its pelvis due to 
extension of inflammation from the lower urinary 
passages. 
Pyelus, pe'el-us. Pelvis. 
Pyemesis, pe-em'es-is. Vomiting of pus. 
Pyesis, pe-a'sis. Suppuration. 
Pyetia, pe-a'she-ah. Colostrum; rennet. 
Pyge, pig'e (puge, nates). Nates. 
Pygmseus, pig-me'us. Pygmy. 
Pyg'me. Fist; forearm. 
Pyg'my (pugme, as big as the fist or forearm). 
A dwarf. The Pygmsei were a fabulous nation of 
dwarfs in India, or, according to others, in Ethiopia. 
Pygodidymus, pe-go-did'im-us (pyge, didumos, 
twin). Twins united by the sacrum and coccyx. 
Pygomeles, pig-om'el-ees (pyge, meleos, unprofit- 
able). A monster with excessive growth on the nates 
or rump. 
Pygopages, pig-op-ah'gees (pyge, pago, to fix). 
Pygodidymus. 
Pygoparasiticus, pig-o-par-ah-sit'ik-us (puge, rump, 
parasitikos, parasitic). Pygopagus, one foetus being 
a parasite. 
Pyicus, pe'ik-us (puon, pus). Purulent. 
Py'in. A constituent of pus, in general characters 
resembling mucin. 
Pylaema, pil-e'mah (pule, gate, haima, blood). Blood 
of portal vein. 
Py'le (pule, gate). Porta. 
Pylemphraxis, pil-em-fraks'is (pide, gate, emphraxis, 
obstruction). Obstruction of the vena porta. 
Pylephlebitis, pil-e-fle-be'tis (pyle, phleps, vein, 
itis). Inflammation of the vena porta. 
Pylethrombosis, pil-e-throm-bo'sis (pule, gate, 
thrombosis). Thrombosis of the portal vein. 
Pylorectomy, pi-lo-rek'to-me (pylorus, ektome, ex- 
cision). Excision or resection of the pylorus. 
Pyloric, pi-lor'ik (pylorus). That which relates 
to the pylorus. Epithet given to different parts. P. 
ar'tery arises from the hepatic, and is distributed 
to the pylorus and to the lesser curvature of the 
stomach, anastomosing particularly with the A. coro- 
naria ventriculi and A. gastro-epiploica dextra. P. 
glands, in the vicinity of pyloric orifice of the stom- 
ach. P. plex'us, branches from the hepaticus plexus 
upon the pyloric artery. P. valve, pylorus. P. vein 
is distributed like the artery. 
Pylorocleisis, pil-o-ro-kli'sis (kleisis, closure). Con- 
dition in which the pylorus is obstructed. 
Pyloroplasty, pil-or'o-plas-te (pylorus, plasso, to 
form). Plastic operation on the pylorus. 
Pylorostenosis, pil-o-ro-sten-o'sis (pylorus, stenosis, 
narrowing). Morbid contraction of pyloric orifice. 
Pylorus (pule, gate, our os, guardian). Janitor. The 
lower or right orifice of the stomach is called pylorus 
because it closes the entrance into the intestinal canal, 
and is furnished with a circular, flattened, fibro- 
mucous ring which occasions the total closure of the 
stomach during digestion in that organ, called the 
valve of the pylorus, pyloric valve, sphincter pylori, 
pylorus (properly so called). It is a fold of the mucous 
and muscular membranes of the stomach-pyloric 
muscle of some authors. 
Pyo (puon, pus). In composition, pus. 
Pyoblennlcus, pe-o-blen'nik-us (pyo, blenna, mucus). 
Mucopurulent. 
Pyoblennorrhoea, pe-o-blen-nor-rhe'ah (pyo, blenna, 
mucus, rheo, to flow). Discharge of puriform mucus. 
Pyocenosis, pe-o-sen-o'sis (pyo, kenosis, evacuation). 
Evacuation of pus. 
Pyochezia, pe-o-kez'e-ah (pyo, chezo, to go to stool). 
Discharge of pus by stool; purulent diarrhoea. 
Pyocoelia, pe-o-se'le-ah (pyo, koilia, belly). Pus in 
the abdominal cavity. 
Pyocolpocele, pe-o-kol-po-se'le (Eng. pe-o-kol'po-seel) PYOCOLPOS 
(puon, pus, kolpos, vagina, kele, tumor). Suppurating 
tumor of the vagina. 
Pyocolpos (pe-o-kol'pos) or Pyokol'pos (pyo, kol- 
pos, vagina). Purulent collection in the walls of 
the vagina 
Pyoctanin, pe-ok'tan-in (puon, pus, kteino, to de- 
stroy). Two substances have appeared under this 
name, one blue, the other yellow. The blue is methyl- 
violet, the yellow is an auramine dye. Solutions of 
the blue pyoctanin of various strengths, even as weak 
as one-half to four parts in 10,000, have been em- 
ployed in surgery; of the yellow, in the treatment of 
eye diseases. Methyl-violet is used in powder, solu- 
tion, ointment, pencil, or other form of application 
in croup, affections of the nose, gonorrhoea, diseases 
of the eye, ear, and throat, tumors, etc. Being odor- 
less, it is preferable to iodoform in cases in which it 
may be substituted for it. It is antiseptic, disinfect- 
ant, and analgesic. 
Pyocyanine, pe-o-se'an-een (pyo, kuanos, blue). 
C14H14NO2. Bluish coloring matter or ptomaine iso- 
lated from pus, produced by action of the bacillus 
pyocyaneus. 
Pyocystis, pe-o-sis'tis (pyo, kustis, sac). Vomica. 
Pyodes, pe-o'dees (puodes). Purulent. 
Pyoedema, pe-e-da'mah {pyo, oidema, swelling). 
Tumefaction of a surface owing to effusion of pus. 
Pyo-emesis, pe-o-em'es-is (pyo, emesis, the act of 
vomiting). Vomiting of pus. 
Pyomele, pe-o-ma'la (puon, pus, mele, probe). See 
Pyaulacomele. 
Pyogenesis, pe-o-jen'es-is. Pyogenia. 
Pyogenetic, pe-o-jen-et'ik. Pyogenic. 
Pyogenia (pe-o-jeu'e-ah) or Puogen'ia (pyo, gennao, 
to generate). Generation of pus. The theory or 
mechanism of the formation of pus. Some have be- 
lieved that pus is formed by the arterial system, and 
is deposited, by way of excretion, in the inflamed 
parts; others, that it is formed by the destruction of 
solid parts. It seems to be owing to a degeneration 
of the liquor sanguinis and exudation corpuscles. 
Micro-organisms are concerned in its production. See 
Pus. P. corrosi'va, ulceration. P. sim'plex, sup- 
puration. 
Pyogenic, pe-o-jen'ik. Pyogenetic. Having relation 
to the formation of pus. P. mem'brane, term ap- 
plied to a thin, yellowish, flaky layer on the interior 
of the wall of an abscess, under the idea that the pus 
is secreted by it. 
Pyohsemia, pe-o-he'me-ah. Pyaemia. 
Py'oid (pyo, eidos, resemblance). Puriloid, Puru- 
loid. Resembling pus. See Pus. P. cor'puscles or 
glob'ules, see Pus. 
Pyok'tanin. Pyoctanin. 
Pyoma, pe-o'mah. Suppurating sore. 
Pyometra (pe-o-me'trah) (pyo, metro) purulen'ta. 
Collection of pus in the uterus. 
Py'on. Pus. 
Pyonephrosis, pe-o-nef-ro'sis (pyo, nephros, osis). 
Renal abscess and ulceration. 
Pyonoma, pe-o-no'mah (pyon, oma). Suppurating 
sore. 
Pyo-otorrhoea, pe'o-o-tor-rhe'ah (pyo, otorrhoea). 
Purulent discharge from the ear. 
Pyopericardia (pe-o-per-e-kar'de-ah) or Pyoperi- 
car'dium. Collection of pus in the pericardium. 
Pyoperitonitis, pe-o-per-e-to-ne'tis (pyo, peritonitis). 
Suppurative inflammation of the peritoneum. 
Pyophthalmia, pe-of-thal'me-ah (pyo, ophthalmia). 
Hypopyon. P. neonato'rum, see Ophthalmia. 
Pyoplania, pe-o-plan'e-ah (pyo, pianos, wandering). 
Extension of pus to other parts. Purulent infiltration. 
Pyopneumothorax, pe-o-nu-mo-tho'raks (pyo, pneu- 
mothorax). Pneumothorax complicated with suppu- 
ration. P., subphren'ic, P. when pus is beneath the 
diaphragm; false pneumothorax. 
Pyopoetic, pe-o-po-et'ik. Suppurative. 
Pyopoiesis, pe-o-poi-a'sis (pyo, poieo, to make). Pyo- 
genia. 
Pyoptysis, pe-op'tes-is (pyo, ptuo, to spit). Spitting 
of pus. 
937 
I PYRAMIDALIS 
Pyorrhagia, pe-or-rhaj'e-ah (pyo, rhage, violent rup- 
ture). Sudden discharge of a collection of matter. 
Pyorrhoea, pe-or-rhe'ah (pyo, rheo, to flow). Dis- 
charge of pus. P. alveola'ris, suppurative inflamma- 
tion of the root-memhrane of the tooth in relation 
with the connective tissue of the gums beneath the 
mucous membrane. P. alvi'na, pyochezia. P. au'- 
rium, otirrheea. P. nasa'lis, ozaena. P. pal'pebrse, 
secretion of pus from the eyelids. P. urina'lis, 
pyuria. P. via'rum lacryma'lium, discharge of tears 
mixed with purulent matter. 
Py'os (puros). Pus. Also first milk, colostrum. 
Pyosalpingitis, pe-o-sal-pin-je'tis (pyo, salpinx, tube, 
itis, inflammation). Suppurative inflammation of the 
Fallopian tube. 
Pyosalpinx, pe-o-sal'pinks (puon, pus, salpinx, tube). 
Formation of pus in the Fallopian tube. 
Pyosaprsemia, pe-o-sap-re'me-ah (puon, pus, sapros, 
rotten, haima, blood). Infection of blood with pus. 
Pyoscope, pe'o-skope (puon, pus, shopeo, to view). 
An apparatus for ascertaining the amount of fat in 
milk. 
Pyosis, pe-o'sis (puosis). Hypopyon; pterygion; 
suppuration. P. pec'toris, empyema. 
Pyothorax (pe-o-tho'raks) ve'rus (pyo, thorax). 
Empyema. 
Pyoturia, pe-o-tu're-ah (pyo, ouron, urine). Pyuria. 
Pyoxanthose, pe-o-zan'thoze (puon, xanthos, yel- 
low). Yellow coloring matter in pus. 
Pyr (pur). Fever. 
Pyra, pir'ah (pur, fire). Anthrax. 
Pyramid, pir'a-mid (puramis, pur, flame which has 
a conical shape). A small bony projection in the 
cavity of the tympanum, which is excavated to lodge 
the muscles of the stapes, Eminentia papillaris or 
pyramidalis tympani. The centre-pin of the trephine. 
A small, obtusely pointed eminence of the inferior 
vermiform process of the cerebellum. Third or mid- 
dle lobe of the thyroid gland. See Calumba. P. of 
Lalohette, pyramid of thyroid gland. P. of Mal'- 
acarne, inferior vermiform process. P. of thy'roid 
gland, third or middle lobe of thyroid gland. 
Pyramidal, pir-am'id-al. Pertaining to a pyramid. 
P. an'gle, anterior parietal angle of Quatrefages. P. 
cat'aract, see Pyramid. P. eminence, pyramis ves- 
tibuli. P. lay'er, large, third layer of cortex of brain. 
P. lay'er, small, second layer of cortex of brain. 
P. nu'cleus, nucleus olivse accessorius medialis. P. 
papil'lse, conical papillae. P. pro'cess of cu'boid, 
posterior inferior angle of cuboid bone. P. pro'cess 
of pal'ate-bone, processus pyramidalis ossis palatini. 
P. si'nus of lar'ynx, pyramidal space continuous 
with the pharynx, the Laryngopharyngeal sinus. P. 
skull, name given to skulls termed Mongolian. P. 
tract, tract of nerve-fibres, originating in the cor- 
tex, which connect the central convolutions of the 
brain and the spinal cord. At the decussation of 
the pyramids it divides into direct and pyramidal 
tracts. 
Pyramidale (pir-am-id-al'e) os. Cuneiform bone. 
Pyramidalis, pir-am-id-al'is. A flat, triangular 
muscle situate at the posterior part of the pelvis. 
By its base it is attached to the anterior surface of 
the sacrum, to the corresponding surface of the great 
sacrosciatic ligament, and to the posterior part of the 
ilium. It terminates by a tendon which is attached 
to the inner surface of the great trochanter. This 
muscle rotates the thigh outward or the pelvis in- 
ward. P. abdom'inis, a small, fleshy, pyramidal fas- 
ciculus whose existence is not constant, and which is 
inserted by its base into the upper part of the pubis, 
and terminates by its summit at the inferior part of 
the linea alba. When it contracts it stretches the 
linea alba. P. fem'oris, pyramidalis. P. na'si, a 
thin triangular muscle which has its summit upward. 
Above, it is continuous with the occipitofrontalis. It 
descends vertically before the root of the nose, on 
which it terminates, becoming confounded with the 
transversalis. It wrinkles the skin of the root of 
the nose transversely, and stretches that which 
covers the tip. PYRAMIDES 
Pyramides, pir-am'id-ees (pl. of Pyramis). Cor- 
pora pyramidalia. 
Pyr'amids of Ferrein. See Ferrein. P. of Mal- 
pigh'i, see PapiUse of the kidneys. P. of medul'la 
oblonga'ta, mass of fibres on each side of anterior 
median fissure of medulla oblongata. P., posterior, 
corpora restiformia. P. of Wis'tar, sphenoidal cornua. 
Pyr'amis (puramis). Penis; pyramid. See Thy- 
roid gland. P. coch'lese, modiolus. P. posterior, 
fasciculus teres. P. trigo'na, see Temporal bone. P. 
ver'mis accesso'ria, accessory lobule of inferior ver- 
miform process of the cerebellum, P. vestibuli. 
Pyrcsea, pir-se'ah (purkaia, conflagration, pur, fire, 
kaio, to kindle). Burning fever or burning heat. 
Pyrectic, pir-ek'tik. Febrile. 
Pyrectica, pir-ek'tik-ah (pyretus, echo, to have). 
Febrile; fevers. 
Pyrensemata, pir-en-e'mat-ah (puren, nucleus, 
haima, blood). Vertebrata with nucleated colored 
corpuscles-as the oviparous. 
Pyrensemia, pir-en-e'me-ah (same etymon). A 
condition of the blood characterized by the presence 
of nucleated colored corpuscles. 
Pyrenoides, pir-en-o-e'dees (.puren, kernel, the stone, 
of a fruit, eidos, resemblance). Odontoid. P. auric'- 
ulae, fibres of tragicus muscle going to process of he- 
lix. P. jun'gii, pyramidalis auriculae. P. men'ti, 
depressor anguli oris. P. na'rium, levator labii su- 
periors alaeque nasi. 
Pyrethrine, pi-re'threen. Alkaloid derived from 
pyrethrum. 
Pyrethrotox'ic acid. Active principle recently 
discovered in the flowers of Pyrethrum roseum. 
Pyrethrum, pir-e'thrum (pur, fire). Anthemis pyr- 
ethrum. Urticaria. P. cor'neum, see Anthemis pyre- 
thrum. P. partheni'um, Matricaria parthenium. P. 
ro'seum, see Anthemis pyrethrum. P. sylves'tre, 
Achillea ptarmica. P. tanace'tum, Tanacetum bal- 
samita. 
Pyretic, pi-ret'ik. Febrile. 
Pyreticosis, pir-et-ik-o'sis (pyretus). Febrile affec- 
tion. 
Pyreticus, pir-et'ik-us (pyretus). Febrifuge; fe- 
brile. 
Pyre'tin. Name given to a combination of vari- 
ous empyreumatic resinous products which, combined 
with resin, constitute pitch. 
Pyretogenesis (pir-et-o-jen'es-is) or Pyretogen'ia 
(pyretus, genesis, generation). Origin and formation 
of fever. 
Pyretogenetic, pir-e-to-jen-et'ik (same etymon). 
Producing fever. 
Pyretogenine, pir-e-toj'en-een. Substance formed 
by micro-organisms. 
Pyretography, pi-re-tog'raf-e (pyretus, graphe, de- 
scription). Description of fever. 
Pyretology (pir-e-tol'o-je) or Pyretolog'ia (pyretus, 
Zogos, discourse). Pyrology. Treatise on fevers; title 
sometimes given to a monograph on fever. 
Pyretotyposis, pir-e-to-tip-o'sis (pyretus, tupos, type, 
order, osis). Intermittent. 
Pyretus, pir'et-us (puretos). Fever. 
Pyrexia, pir-eks'e-ah (purexis). Fever; febrile con- 
dition. Also paroxysm of fever. 
Pyrexise, pir-eks'e-e. Febrile diseases. 
Pyrexial, pir-eks'e-al. Pertaining to pyrexia or 
fever. 
Py'ri martia'les (pl. of Pyrus, pile or pear). Fer- 
rum tartarizatum. 
PyHa, pir'e-ah (puria, a vapor-bath). Fomentation. 
See Stove. 
Pyriaterium, pir-e-at-a're-um (puriaterion). See 
Stove. 
Pyricaustum, pir-e-kaus'tum (purikaustos, set on 
fire). Burn. 
Pyridine, pir'id-een (pur, fire). C5H5N. Colorless 
liquid, with an empyreumatic odor, obtained from coal- 
tar ; useful for inhalations in asthma. It has been given 
in doses of 3 or 4 drops three times a day as a cardiac 
stimulant. In diphtheria it has been applied in 
watery solution, being painted on the affected sur- 
938 
PYROLUSITE 
face, and injections of it have been used in gonor- 
rhoea. 
Pyriform sinuses, pir'e-form si'nus-es. See Sinuses. 
Pyriformis, pir-e-for'mis (pyrus, pear, forma, shape). 
Pyramidalis. P. fas'cia, part of pelvic fascia over 
inner surface of pyriform muscle. 
Pyriphleges, pir-if 'le-jees (puriphlektos, pur, phlego, 
to burn). One who has a burning fever. 
Pyrites (pir-e'tees), i'ron (par, fire). Ferri sul- 
phuretum. 
Pyro-acetic (pi'ro-as-e'tik) e'ther (pur, fire, acetic). 
Acetone. P.-a. spir'it, acetone. 
Pyrocatechin, pir-o-kat'e-kin. Oxyphenol. De- 
rived by dry distillation from catechu; a constituent 
of kino; antiperiodic. 
Pyrocatechuic (pi-ro-kat-e-ku'ik) ac'id. An acid 
constituent of kino. 
Pyrocome'nic ac'id. An acid derived from me- 
conic acid. 
Pyrodex'trin. Compound obtained by subjecting 
starch to heat at 220° to 230° C. 
Pyrodine, pi'ro-deen (pur, fire, eidos, shape). White 
powder, sparingly soluble in water, antipyretic; also 
called phenacethydrazine. See Hydracetine. 
Pyrcenus, pir-e'nus (pur, fire, oinos, wine). Spir- 
itus rectificatus. 
Pyrogallic acid, pi-ro-gal'lik as'id. White, soluble 
product obtained by action of heat on gallic acid; 
used externally in some forms of cutaneous affec- 
tions. 
Pyrogal'lol. Pyrogallic acid. Used in skin diseases. 
It results from the igneous decomposition of gallic 
acid. 
Pyrogallopyrin, py-ro-gal-lo-py'rin. Crystalline 
compound resulting from action of pyrogallol on anti- 
pyrine. 
Pyrogen, pi'ro-jen (pur, fire, gennao, to produce). 
The electric fluid. 
Pyrogenous, pi-roj'e-nus (pur, fire or fever, genesis, 
production). Fever-exciting. 
Pyroguaiacin, pir-o-gwi'as-in. C19H22O3. Produced 
by dry distillation of guaiaretic acid. 
Pyrola, pi'ro-lah (dim. of Pyrus, a pear tree, from a 
fancied resemblance of the foliage). P. rotundifolia, 
Round-leaved pyrola or wintergreen, Shinleaf, ord. Eri- 
caceae. The plant was once used as a gentle astringent 
and tonic. P. macula'ta, Spotted pipsissewa, Spotted 
wintergreen, Whiteleaf, White pipsissewa, Kingcure, 
Ground holly, Rheumatism weed, etc., has similar prop- 
erties. P., round'-leaved, pyrola. P. umbella'ta, 
Ground holly, Pipsissewa, Wintergreen, Rheumatism 
weed, Prince's pine. This common American plant is 
allied to the uva ursi in botanical as well as medical 
qualities. Tonic and diuretic. The bruised leaves 
irritate the skin. From the decoction or infusion an 
agreeable beverage may be formed by adding sugar, 
ginger to flavor it, and yeast to produce fermentation. 
Under the name Pipsissewa beer it has been used in 
scrofulous affections. 
Pyroleum (pir-o'le-um) (pur, fire, oleum, oil) junip'- 
eri. Oil of cade. P. os'sium rectificat'um, oleum ani- 
mate Dippelii. P. pe'trse, crude petroleum. P. pi'ni, 
tar. P. suc'cini, oil of amber. 
Pyroligneous acid, pi-ro-lig'ne-us as'id (pur, lig- 
num, wood). Acid obtained by distillation from wood, 
coal, etc., which was once believed to be of a peculiar 
character. Now known to be formed of acetic acid 
and an empyreumatic oil, from which it may be freed, 
and in this state is sold in commerce for acetum distil- 
latum, acetic acid of commerce, acidum aceticum e 
ligno venale. Used for similar purposes as distilled 
vinegar and for preserving animal substances. It has 
also been used as an antiseptic in gangrene and 
sphacelus, and to foul ulcers-wherever, indeed, crea- 
sote is indicated. The dose of the impure pyrolig- 
neous acid internally is from five to thirty drops three 
or four times a day. See Acetum acidum. P. al'co- 
hol, methyl alcohol. P. spir'it, methylic alcohol. 
Pyrology, pi-rol'o-je (pur, fire, logos, discourse). 
The science of heat. 
Pyrolusite, pi'ro-lu-site. Manganese, black oxide of. PYROMANIA 
Pyromania, pir-o-man'e-ah {pur, fire, mania). In- 
cendiary monomania. Insanity, with an irresistible 
desire to destroy by fire. 
Pyrometer, pi-rom'e-tur {pur, fire, metron, measure). 
Instrument for measuring higher temperatures which 
cannot be estimated by the thermometer. 
Pyrophagus, pir-of 'ag-us {pur, fire, phago, to eat). 
One who eats fire, us a juggler who eats substances 
in a state of ignition. 
Pyrophlyctis endemica, pir-o-flik'tis en-dem'ik- 
ah {pur, fire, phluktis, a blister). Bouton d'Alep. 
Pyrophobia, pir-o-fo'be-ah {pur, fire, phobos, fear). 
Morbid dread of fire. 
Pyrophos'phas. Pyrophosphate. P. fer'rico-so'- 
dicus, sodio-ferric pyrophosphate. P. fer'ricus cum 
citra'te ammoni'aco, ammouio-ferric citro-pyrophos- 
phate. P. na'tricus or so'dicus, sodium pyrophos- 
phate. 
Pyrophosphate, pi-ro-fos'fate. See Pyrophosphoric 
acid. P. of i'ron, ferri pyrophospas (Ph. U. S.). P. of 
so'dium, sodium pyrophosphate; oflicinal in Ph. U. S. 
as sodii pyrophosphas. 
Pyrophosphoric (pi - ro - fos - for' ik) ac'id. Acid 
formed by heating phosphoric acid. Of the salts 
formed by its union with bases, Pyrophosphates, the 
pyrophosphates of iron and P. of sodium are oflicinal. 
Pyropuncture, pi-ro-punk'ture. Puncturing with 
hot needles. 
Pyroscopium, pir-o-skop'e-um {pur, fire, skopeo, to 
see). Pyrometer. 
Pyrosis, pi-ro'sis {puroo, to burn). Soda, Water- 
brash, Waterqualm, Waterpang, Blackwater, Chronic 
gastric catarrh. This affection consists of a hot sensa- 
tion in the stomach, with eructations of an acrid, 
burning liquid, which causes a distressing sensation 
in the parts over which it passes. Attention to diet 
and the use of bitter absorbents will usually relieve 
when the disease is functional. Occasionally it is 
symptomatic of organic disease of the stomach. Py- 
rosis also signified, of old, inflammation, gangrene, 
and a burn. P. Suec'ica, pyrosis. 
Pyrosophia, pir-o-sof'e-ah {pur, fire, sophia, wis- 
dom). Chemistry. 
Pyrosphire or Pyrosphere, pir'o-sfere {pur, fire, 
sphaira,hammer). Hammer heated in boiling water 
and applied to the skin for the pupose of cauteriza- 
tion. 
Pyrotechnia, pir-o-tek'ne-ah {pur, hre, techne, art). 
Chemistry. 
Pyrotechny, pir'o-tek-ne. Art of making fire- 
works, etc. Also chemistry. P., sur'gical, art of 
applying fire or the actual cautery in surgery. 
Pyrothonide, pir-o'thon-eed {pur, fire, othone, linen). 
A kind of pyrogenous or empyreumatic oil produced 
939 
PYXIS 
by the combustion of textures of hemp, linen, or 
cotton in a copper vessel. The brown product is acid. 
Its medical properties probably resemble those of 
creasote. Diluted with three or four times its weight 
of water, it has been used as a gargle in cynanche 
tonsillaris. It is said, also, to be a popular remedy 
for toothache and skin diseases. When prepared from 
rags, it is called Rag oil; when from paper, Paper oil. 
Pyrotic, pi-rot'ik (puroo, to burn). Caustic; in- 
flammable. 
Pyroxylic (pi-roks'il-ic) spir'it. See Acetone. 
Pyroxylin (pi-roks'il-in), Pyroxyli'num (pur, fire, 
xulon, wood). Soluble gun-cotton. See Collodion. 
Pyroxylinum (Ph. U. S.), pir-ox-il-e'num. Pyrox- 
ylin. 
Pyrox'ylon. See Collodion. 
Pyroxylous, pi-roks'il-us. Pyroligneous acid. 
Pyrrhopine, pir'rho-peen. Alkaline principle from 
chelidonium. 
Pyrrol, pir'rol. Product of dry distillation of am- 
monium saccharate and mucate. P. tetri'odide, 
iodol. 
Pyrus, pir'us (pur, fire, because flame is shaped like 
the pear). Triticum; see Pyrus malus. P. Ameri- 
ca'na, Sorbus Americana. P. cydo'nia, Quince tree. 
Ord. Rosacese. The fruit is quince. Quinceseed- 
Cydonium (Ph. U. S.), the seed of Cydonia vulgaris- 
are sometimes used in decoction as a demulcent. The 
fruit makes a pleasant preserve. P. domes'tica, Sor- 
bus domestica. P. ma'lus, Apple tree, Apple, Pomum, 
Malum, Pear ; the fruit of Pyrus communis, P. sorbus 
sativa. 
Pythogen'ic (putho, to putrefy, gennao, to generate). 
Causing putrefaction. Resulting from putrefaction. 
P. fe'ver, typhoid fever. 
Py'tia. Colostrum; rennet. 
Pytis'ma. Sputum. 
Pyul'con or Pyul'cum (puo, helko, to extract). Sur- 
gical instrument for extracting pus from any cavity. 
It acts as an exhaustive syringe. 
Pyuria, pe-u're-ah (pyo, ouron, urine). Discharge 
of purulent urine; a symptom occurring in many 
diseases, particularly in cases of renal calculi and in 
organic affections of the bladder. It is called, ac- 
cording to the part whence the pus proceeds, pyuria 
urethralis, P. renalis, P. vesicalis, etc. P. chylo'sa, 
chyluria. P. lac'tea, chyluria. P. muco'sa, cystir- 
rhcea. P. sero'sa, cystirrhoea. P. vis'cida, cystir- 
rhoea. 
Pyxidaria macrocarpa, piks-id-ar'e-ah mak-ro- 
kar'pah (pyxis). The bark is much used in Brazil 
as an astringent. 
Pyxis, piks'is (puxis, made of boxwood). Box; 
pill -box. Emollient ointment. See Cotyloid. Q 
940 
QUARTARIUS 
Q. 
Q. See Abbreviations. 
Q. 1. Abbv. for quantum libet, as much as is re- 
quired. 
Q. q. h. Abbv. for quaque quarta hora, every four 
hours. 
Q. s. Abbv. for quantum sufficit, as much as is 
sufficient. 
Quabebe. Piper cubeba. 
Quack. Charlatan. Q. med'icine, arcanum. 
Quack'ery. See Charlatan. 
Quack'salver. Charlatan. 
Quadrangular {quatuor, four, angulus, angle). Hav- 
ing four angles. Relating to a lobe of cerebellum. 
Q. mem'brane, membrana quadrangularis. 
Quad'rans. Quarter of a pound. Three ounces 
(troy). 
Quadrant, kwod'rant {quadrans, fourth part). 
Fourth part of a circle or ninety degrees. Q. elec- 
trom'eter, instrument for determining the degree 
and intensity of electricity. 
Quadran'tal. See Amphora. 
Quadrate (kwod'rat) car'tilages. Quadrangular 
cartilages of small size, often found in alae of nose. 
Q. lobe, lobus quadrangularis cerebelli. Q. lob'ule, 
square lobe of the liver. 
Quadratus, kwod-rat'us {quadratus, square). Name 
for muscles whose figure approaches a square. Q. dor'- 
si, Q. lumborum. Q. fem'oris, muscle situate at pos- 
terior and upper part of the thigh; thin, flat, and 
quadrilateral, and attached to the outer part of the 
tuberosity of the ischium, whence it proceeds trans- 
versely to the inferior part of the posterior margin of 
the great trochanter. Rotates the limb, turning the 
toe outward. Q. ge'nse, platysma myoides. Q. lum- 
bo'rum, flat, somewhat thick, irregularly quadrilat- 
eral muscle, situate in the loins, at the sides of the 
vertebral column. Is attached below to the crista 
ilii and ilio-lumbar ligament, and above to the inferior 
margin of the last rib, and, besides, to the base of the 
transverse processes of the last four lumbar vertebrae. 
This muscle inclines the loins to its side, depresses 
the last rib, and is thus a muscle of respiration. It 
can also raise the hip. Q. men'ti, depressor labii iu- 
ferioris. Q. plan'tae, flexor accessorius plantse. Q. 
rad'll, pronator radii quadratus. Q. supe'rior, quad- 
ratus labii superioris. 
Quad'ri. Four or five times; Latin prefix. 
Quadriceps (kwad're-seps) exten'sor mus'cle 
{quatuor, four, caput, head). Great extensor muscle 
of the leg, including the rectus femoris, vastus exter- 
nus, vastus internus, and cruraeus. Q. su'rse, two 
heads of the gastrocnemius, with soleus and plantaris, 
as one muscle. 
Quadriga, kwod-re'gah {quatuor, four, jugum, yoke). 
Cataphracta. 
Quadrigemina tubercula, kwod-re-jem'in-ah tu- 
bur'ku-lah {quatuor, four, g eminus, double). Optic 
lobes or tubercles, Optic ganglia, Quadrigeminal bodies. 
Four medullary tubercles situate at the posterior 
surface of the tuber annulare; white externally, 
gray internally; oblong, rounded, connected by 
pairs, and separated by two grooves which divide 
them crucially. Of these tubercles, the superior, 
called Nates, Natulae, Tubercula anteriora, Glutia, are 
larger and more prominent than the lower, called 
Testes, Tubercula posteriora. The pineal gland corre- 
sponds exactly to the point of intersection of the two 
furrows that separate them. They give origin to the 
optic nerves. 
Quadrigeminal (kwod-re-jem'in-al) bod'ies. Quad- 
rigemina tubercula. 
Quadrigeminous, kwod-re-jem'in-us. Relating to 
corpora quadrigemina. 
Quadrigeminus (kwod-re-jem'in-us) brack'ii. Bi- 
ceps brachii. Q. cap'itis, sterno-cleido-mastoid mus- 
cle. Q. pri'mus et supe'rior, pyramidalis. Q. quar'- 
tus quadrat'us, quadratus femoris. Q. secun'dus et 
ter'tins, ischiotrochanterianus. 
Quadrimammatus, kwod-re-mam-mat'us {quatuor, 
four, mamma, breast). Four-breasted. 
Quadristernalis, kwod-re-stur-nal'is. Quartisternal. 
Quadroon, kwad-roon' ([L.] quartus, one-fourth). 
See Mulatto. Q., black, see Mulatto. 
Quadrumana, kwod-ru'ma-nah {quatuor, manus). 
Order of Mammalia, including those in which the four 
extremities are provided with a hand. 
Quadruped, kwod'ru-ped {quatuor, pes, foot). Four- 
footed animal. 
Quadrupl. Abbr. for quadruplicatus, four times 
as much. 
Quadruplets. Four children at one birth. 
Quafadil, kwof'a-dil. Melanthium Virginicum. 
Quahoil. Cacao. 
Quai. Akasja. 
Quail (Low L. qualea). Tetrao coturnix. 
Quain's degeneration. Form of hypertrophy of 
the heart characterized by increase of the connective 
tissue. 
Qua'ker black drop. Acetum opii. Q. buttons, 
nux vomica. 
Qualitative, kwol'it-a-tiv {qualitativus). Referring 
to quality. Q. analysis, process for determining in 
chemistry the component elements of a compound. 
Quamash'. Camassia esculenta. Q., east'ern, 
Scilla esculenta. 
Quantitative analysis, kwon'tit-a-tiv an-al'is-is. 
Process for determining in chemistry the proportional 
quantity of each part in a compound. 
Quantivalence, kwon-tiv'al-ence {quantus, valeo, to 
be worth). See Atomicity. 
Quarantine, kwor'au-teen {quaranta, forty). Quar- 
antine, Quarentaine, Quarantaine. Time during which 
travellers, returning from a country where the plague 
or any other pestilential disease exists, are compelled 
to remain on board ship or in a lazaretto. They, as 
well as the ship, are said " to perform quarantine " and 
to be " quarantined." Quarantine is sometimes extended 
beyond forty days, while its duration is generally 
much less. It is sometimes enforced by land, as 
when contagious diseases require the establishment 
of cordons sanitaires, and when persons are desirous 
of leaving infected districts. During quarantine no 
communication is allowed between the travellers and 
the inhabitants of the country. Quarantine is of 
course a great impediment to commerce, and may 
frequently be enforced when there is but little dan- 
ger of contagion. The evils, however, that might 
arise from the introduction of a widely-spreading 
contagious disease are so disastrous as to induce the 
health authorities to maintain these laws as rigidly 
as possible, with a view to the public safety. 
Quartan, kwor'tan {quartus, the fourth). Quartan 
ague. An intermittent the paroxysms of which re- 
cur every fourth day, leaving between them two 
days' interval. We speak also of the Quartan type. 
A double quartan is one in which one paroxysm oc- 
curs on the third and another on the second day, so 
that there is only one day of apyrexia with two days 
of paroxysms in succession, the paroxysms of every 
fourth day resembling each other. A triple quartan is 
one in which there is a paroxysm every day, and on 
every three days the paroxysms correspond. A re- 
doubling or repeating quartan is one in which there 
are two paroxysms every fourth day. See Intermittent. 
Quartanus, kwor-tan'us. Quartan. Q. remit'tens, 
a quartan in which the intermission is inordinately 
short or imperfect. 
Quartarius, kwor-tar'e-us. Ancient measure equal 
to one-fourth of the sextarius. See Weights and 
Measures. QUARTER EVIL 
Quarter (kwor'ter) evil. Quarter ill. Form of ma- 
lignant vesicle frequently fatal to the lower orders 
of animals. 
Quarteron, kwoFter-on ([L.] quatuor, four, fourth 
part). See Mulatto. Q., black, mulatto. 
Quartio, kwor'she-o (quatuor, four, being four- 
sided). Astragalus. 
Quartisternal, kwor-te-stur'nal. Fourth osseous 
portion of the sternum, corresponding to the fourth 
intercostal space. 
Quassatlo, kwos-sah'she-o (quasso, to shake). Con- 
quassation. 
Quassatura, kwos-sat-u'rah. Conquassation. 
Quassia, kwosh'e-ah (Ph. IT. S.). Quassy. Wood of 
Quassia amara and of Q. excelsa, Picraena excelsa, 
Bittera febrifuga, lofty bitterwood tree, bitter ash, 
Simaruba excelsa; ord. Simarubaceae; W. India trees. 
The former is the Jamaica quassia, the one in common 
use ; the latter the Surinam quassia. It is called after 
Quassi, a Surinam negro, who first employed it in the 
fevers of the country; intensely durable bitter, with- 
out astringency; tonic and stomachic. The bitter 
principle is called Quassin, Quassiin, Quassit, and Bit- 
terin, C41H42O9. Q. cups, vessels made of quassia 
wood, used for furnishing weak infusion of quassia. 
Q. lig'num, quassia. Q. simarou'ba, Euonymus, Bitter 
simaruba, Mountain damson; bark of the root, Simaruba 
(Ph. U. S.), is bitter and not unpleasant; water and 
alcohol extract its virtues; exhibited wherever a 
simple tonic is required. 
Quassin, kwos'sin. See Quassia. 
Quassit, kwos'sit. See Quassia. 
Quaternio (kwot-ur'ne-o) or Quatrio, kwot're-o 
(quatuor, four, having four sides). Astragalus. 
Queasiness, kwe'ze-ness. Nausea. 
Quebrachine, ka-brak'een. Alkaloid derived from 
quebracho bark; given as hydrochloride in dyspnoea 
and croup; dose, 1 or 2 grains. 
Quebracho, ka-brak'o. Bark of Apidosperma que- 
bracho ; tree is a native of Chili; ord. Apocynacese. 
Very bitter and tonic; antispasmodic; recommended 
in cardiac and asthmatic dyspnoea. 
Queen of the meadow. Spiraea lobata. Q. of the 
prai'rie, Spiraea ulmaria. 
Queen's delight'. Stillingia. Q.'s root, stillingia. 
Quercera, kwur-se'rah (karkairo, to tremble). 
Epialos. 
Quercetic (kwur-se'tik) ac'id. Result of action of 
potassa upon quercetin. 
Quercetin, kwur'se-tin. Neutral principle due to 
decomposition of quercitrin by acids. 
Quer'cin. Bitter principle from Quercus alba. 
Quercini herba, kwur-se'ne ur'bah. Lichen pli- 
catus. 
Quercit, kwur'sit. Saccharine substance in acorns. 
Quercitannic (kwer-se-tan'nik) ac'id. Tannin found 
in oak bark. 
Quercitrin, kwur'sit-rin. Crystallizable glucoside; 
coloring matter of bark of black oak. 
Quercitron, quer'sit-ron (quercus, oak, citrus, citron 
tree). Bark of Quercus tinctoria, black oak or dyer's 
oak. Inner bark of Quercus tinctoria, used in dye- 
ing and tanning. 
Quercula (kwur'ku-lah) (dim. of Quercus) ae'gilops. 
Valonia is derived from it. Q. ballo'ta, native of Mo- 
rocco ; oil resembling olive oil is obtained from the 
acorns of this tree, which can be eaten. Q. cor'tex, 
oak bark. Q. falca'ta, Spanish oak. Q. minor, Teu- 
crium chanuedrys. Q. pri'nus, chestnut oak. 
Quercus (kwur'kus) al'ba (Ph. U. S) (White oak), 
Q. robur (Common oak), Q. tinctoria (Black oak), Q. 
rubra montana (Red oak or Spanish oak), Q. Pe- 
dunculata (Common British oak), ord. Cupuliferae. 
The bark of all these varieties-Quercus-is probably 
alike in medicinal properties; astringent and tonic, 
and used internally as a tonic and in intermittents, 
externally in decoction, as the astringent wash. The 
acorn was at one time used as food, and a decoction 
in dysentery and diarrhoea, glandular obstructions, 
etc. A pessary made of it has been advised in im- 
moderate flow of the menses, Roasted acorns have 
941 
QUINIA 
been used in the same cases. Q. cer'ris, Quercus 
infectoria. Q. coccif'era, see Kermes. Q. cor'tex, 
oak bark. Q. infecto'ria, tree of Asia Minor, afford- 
ing Turkey or nut-galls, galls. The nut-gall-Galla 
(Ph. U. S.)-is a morbid protuberance or tubercle 
produced by the puncture of the Diplolepsis or 
Cynips gallse tinctorise, Cynips quercus folii; pow- 
erfully astringent and tonic, and employed in diar- 
rhoea, intestinal hemorrhage, and intermittents, but 
chiefly used externally in gargles and injections. 
The powder, made into an ointment with lard, is 
used in piles. The ordinary nut-galls of the shops 
are procured from the Levant. The large Mecca or 
Bussorah galls-at times called Dead Sea apples, mad 
apples, and apples of Sodom-are produced on Quer- 
cus infectoria. Q. mari'na, Fucus vesiculosus. Q. 
peduncula'ta, see Quercus. Q. ro'bur, see Quercus. 
Q. ru'bra montan'a, see Quercus. Q. su'ber, see Suber. 
Q. tincto'ria, see Quercus. Q. vi'vens, live oak. 
Querquera, kwer'kwa-rah (karkairo, to tremble). 
Fever with chills; cold stage of an intermittent. 
Quicken (kwik'en) tree. Sorbus aucuparia. 
Quickening, kwik''ning. Period of gestation when 
the motion of the foetus first becomes perceptible- 
usually about the eighteenth week; it was errone- 
ously believed to mark the time at which the foetus 
becomes alive-animatio foetus. It possesses the prin- 
ciple of life, however, from the moment of the union 
of the materials furnished by the sexes at a fecun- 
dating copulation. When the motion is felt the 
female is said to be " quick with child." 
Quickens, kwik'ens. Triticum repens. 
Quick-in-the-hand. Impatiens. 
QuickTime. Calx viva. 
Quicksilver, kwik'sil-ver. Hydrargyrum. 
Quies, kwe'aze (rest). Rest; immobility. 
Quiescent, kwi-es'ent. At rest. 
Quilla'ia (or Quillaya) saponaria, kwil-la'yah sap- 
o-nah're-ah. Evergreen tree growing in Chili, South 
America, the bark of which, Quillaia (Ph. U. S.), is 
sometimes given as a febrifuge and as a remedy for 
coryza. The bark contains saponine, which is poison- 
ous ; used in place of soap. 
Quillain, kwil-la'in. Aqueous extract of quillaia 
bark. 
Quilled su'ture. See Suture. 
Quina, kwe'na (quinquina). Quinine. Q. qui'na, 
cinchona. 
Qui'nae ace'tas, sul'phas, etc. See Quinise acetas, 
etc. 
Quinamia (kwin-am'e-ah) or Quinamina, kwin-am- 
e'nah. White alkaloid, insoluble in water; obtained 
from Cinchona siccarubra of India and other barks. 
Quinamidine, kwin-am'id-een. Artificial alkaloid 
obtained from sulphate of quinamine. 
Quince, kwince. Scrofula. See Pyrus cydonia. Q., 
Bengal', covolam. Q. tree, Pyrus cydonia. 
Quincke's pulse. Blanching of the root of the 
finger-nail when the heart is in diastole, indicating 
aortic insufficiency. 
Quinetum, kwin-e'tum. Cinchona febrifuga. 
Quinia, kwi'ne-ah (quinquina). Quinine. Q., ac'e- 
tate of, quinise acetas. Q., amorph'ous, see Quinia, 
extract of, and Chinioidine. Q., arsen'iate of, quinise 
arsenias. Q., ar'senite of, quinise arsenis. Q., bisul'- 
phate of, quinise bisulphas. Q., bro'mide of, quinise 
bromidum. Q., car'bolate of, quinise carbolas. Q., 
chlo'rate of, quinise chloras. Q. and cincho'nia, tan'- 
nate of, quinise et cinchonise tannas. Q., ci'trate of, 
quinise citras. Q., ex'tract of, preparation consisting 
in evaporating the liquor poured off the crystals of 
sulphate of quinia to the consistence of a pilular 
mass; said to have the properties of sulphate of quinia. 
Its active principle appears to be amorphous quinia 
or chinioidine. Q., ferrocy'anate of, quinise ferro- 
cyanas. Q., hydri'odate of, quinise hydriodas. Q., 
hypophos'phite of, see Calcis hypophosphis. Q., im'- 
pure sul'phate of, quinia, extract of. Q., iodhy'- 
drate of, quinise hydriodas. Q., i'odide of, quinise 
hydriodas. Q., i'odide of iodhy'drate of, see Quinise 
hydriodas, Q., i'odide of sul'phate of, quinine, iodo- QUININE 
sulphate of. P., iod'uret of, quiniae hydriodas. Q. 
and i'ron, hydri'odate of, see Quiniie hydriodas. Q., 
lac'tate of, quiniae lactas. Q. and mer'cury, proto- 
chlo'ride of, hydrargyri et quiniae protochloridum. 
Q., mu'riate of, quiniae inurias. Q., Navanjanda, 
a form of fibrous Carthagena bark. Q., ni'trate of, 
quiniae nitras. Q., phos'phate of, quiniae phosphas. 
Q. de Remi'jio or de Se'ra, a form of Cuprea bark; 
antiperiodic. Q., sul'phate of, quinine, sulphate of. 
Q., tan'nate of, quiniae tannas. Q., u'rate of, yellow 
soluble salt employed in intermittent fever, in smaller 
doses than the sulphate. 
Quin'iae ace'tas. Acetate of quinia or of quinine. 
(Prepared by saturating quinia with diluted acetic 
acid.) Has the properties of other salts of quinia. 
Q. arsen'ias, arseniate of quinia or of quina or of 
quinine (formed by the union of arsenic acid and 
quinia); antiperiodic in total daily dose of gr. to 
gr. 1|. Q. ar'senis, arsenite of quinia (salt result- 
ing from the double decomposition of arsenite of 
potassium and sulphate of quinia); has been used 
in chronic cutaneous diseases; an antiperiodic in 
ague, neuralgia, etc.; dose, gr. three times a 
day. Q. bisul'phas (Ph. U. S.), quinine bisulphate, 
C2oH24NaO,H2So4,7H20; its medicinal effects resem- 
ble those of the sulphate. Q. bro'midum, bro- 
mide of quinia or of quinine; see Qtiinise hydrobro- 
mas. Q. car'bolas, carbolate of quinia or quinine; 
preparation containing carbolic acid and quinia; 
used in puerperal affections, typhus, etc. Q. chlo'- 
ras, chlorate of quinia or quinine; combination of 
chloric acid and quinia, employed in low pyrexial 
conditions, as scarlatina, typhus, etc. Chlorates of 
cinchonia and of quinidia are similarly made. Q. 
et cincho'niae tan'nas, tannate of quinia and 
cinchona; has the same properties as the salts of 
quinia in general, with the astringency of tannin. Q. 
ci/tras, citrate of quinia or quina or quinine (formed 
from the union of citric acid and quinia); same 
properties as the sulphate. P. diar'senis, quiniae 
arsenis. Q. ferrocy'anas, ferrocyanite or hydro- 
cyanoferrate of quinia or of quinine (salt obtained 
by the decomposition of sulphate of quinia by means 
of a solution of ferrocyanuret of potassium); has all 
the properties of sulphate of quinia, and, according 
to some, in a superior degree. Q. hydri'odas, hydri- 
odate or iodhydrate of quinia; called, also, iodu- 
retum or iodidum quiniae, ioduret or iodide of 
quinia; formed by precipitating sulphate of quinia 
by means of iodide of potassium ; given in scrofulous 
affections; gr. ss-j, three times a day, to a child. An 
iodide and a biniodide have been formed; the latter 
made by mixing double the quantity of iodide of 
potassium with sulphate of quinia. An iodized hy- 
driodate of quinine has been employed, consisting of 
hydrochlorate of quinine, iodide of potassium, and 
iodine. Q. hydrobro'mas, quininee hydrobromas 
(Ph. U. S.); C2oH24N2€>2HBr,2H20; used hypodermic- 
ally; dose, same as that of other quinine salts. Q. 
hydrobrohnas ac'idus, quinine hydrobromate, acid. 
Q. hydrochlo'ras, quininae hydrochloras (Ph. U. S.); 
same action and doses as sulphate. Q. hydrochloro- 
carbam'idate, compound salt of quinine and urea; 
dose, gr. j-iij ; adapted for hypodermic use. Q. hy- 
pophos'phis, quinine hypophosphite. Q. i'odas, 
quinine iodate. Q., i'odlde of iodhy'drate of, pre- 
pared by pouring into an acid solution of quinia 
a solution of iodide of iron containing a slight ex- 
cess of iodine; salt possesses the properties of the 
other salts of quinia. Under the name hydriodate 
of iron and quinia a preparation has been used; 
tonic and antiperiodic. Q. io'didum, quiniae hy- 
driodas. Q. iodure'tum, quiniae hydriodas. Q. lac'- 
tas, lactate of quinia or of quinine; made by the 
action of lactic acid on quinia; used in the same 
cases as the other salts of quinia. Q. mec'onas, mec- 
onate of quinine; made by mixing alcoholic solution 
of meconic acid and quinine. Q. mu'rias, muriate 
of quinia or of quinine; may be prepared by dissolv- 
ing quinia in dilute muriatic acid ; antiperiodic; 
dose, gr. ss-j. Q. ni'tras, nitrate of quinia or of 
942 
QUININE 
quinine: formed by the addition of nitric acid to 
quinia; properties are those of the sulphate of quinia. 
Q. o'leate, quinine dissolved in oleic acid (1:3); used 
for inunction. Q. phe'nas, Q. carbolas. Q. phos'phas, 
phosphate of quinia or of quinine; prepared by the 
addition of dilute phosphoric acid to quinia ; thought 
by many to be next to the sulphate of quinia in reme- 
dial powers. Q. sal'icylas, salicylate of quinine; made 
by double decomposition between solutions of quinine 
hydrochlorate and ammonium salicylate; antiseptic 
and antipyretic. Q. sul'phas, quinine, sulphate of. Q. 
sul'phas ac'idus, bisulphate of quinine. Q. sulpho- 
vi'nas, sulphovinate of quinine; made by mixing a 
solution of sodium sulphovinate in alcohol with an 
alcoholic solution of quinine sulphate. Q. tan'nas, 
tannate of quinia or quinine ; made by precipitating 
infusion of bark, or solution of sulphate of quinia, by 
infusion of galls or solution of tannic acid; astrin- 
gent, tonic, and antiperiodic in the same doses as the 
sulphate. Q. valeria'nas, valerianate or valerate of 
quinia, of quina, or quinine; has the properties of the 
salts of quinia with the added properties of valerian; 
dose, gr. j-v. 
Quinic (kwi'nic) fever. Fever with eruption among 
persons making quinine. 
Quinicine, kwi'nis-een. When a salt of quinia is 
exposed to heat with certain precautions, the alkaloid 
is changed into another isomeric with it, to which 
this name is given. Quinicine and its sulphate 
possess the medical properties of quinia and its salts; 
dose, gr. v-xv. 
Quinicus, kwin'ik-us. Cinchonic. 
Quinidamine, kwi-nid'am-een. Quinidamia; con- 
chinamine. C19H24N2O2. An alkaloid of Cinchona 
rosulenta, C. succirubra, and other barks. 
Quinidia, kwin-id'e-ah. Quinidina, Quinidine, Chi- 
nidine, Cinchotin. Alkaloid of the cinchonas-of many 
of the genuine, at least-obtained from them by the 
same process as that by which quinia is obtained 
from the barks that yield it. Its sulphate, Quinidinse 
sulphas (Ph. U. S.), is soluble in acidulated water and 
alcohol, and is given as an antiperiodic in doses of 
gr. xx or xxx to 3j- The tannate is also used in dys- 
pepsia, diarrhcea, nephritis, etc. and in veterinary 
medicine. Salts of quinidia are markedly antiperi- 
odic. From gr. x to gr. xxx will usually arrest a 
paroxysm. 
Quinidina, kwin-id-e'nah. Quinidia. 
Quinim'etry. Quiniometry. 
Quini'na (Ph. U. S.). C2oH24N202,3H20. Quinia. 
Quini'nae bisul'phas (Ph. U. S.). Bisulphate of qui- 
nine ; possesses greater solubility than the sulphate; 
well adapted for use in pill form. Q. hydrobro'mas 
(Ph. U. S.), quiniae hydrobromas. Q. hydrochlo'ras 
(Ph. U. S. and Br.), quiniae hydrochloras. Q. sul'- 
phas (Ph. U. S. and Br.), quinine, sulphate of. Q. 
valerian'as (Ph. U. S.), quiniae valerianas. 
Quinine, kwi'nine. (Receives various popular pro- 
nunciations, kin-een', kwin'een, kwin-ine', etc.). Al- 
kaline, uncrystallizable substance; in the form of a 
porous, whitish mass; almost insoluble in water, 
soluble in alcohol and ether; obtained from different 
cinchonas, but chiefly from the yellow, and is the 
active principle of those valuable drugs; forms, with 
acids, salts that are in general soluble. The sulphate 
and valerianate and the citrate of iron and quinia are 
oflicial; but quite a variety of other salts have been 
used medicinally, as albuminate, ammonio-citrate, 
borate, ethylsulphate, ferrichloride, ferricyanide, 
ferrocitrate, ferrocyanide, ferropeptonate, ferrosalicyl- 
ate, hydrobromide, oleate, peptonate, phenylate, etc. 
Q. ac'etate, quiniae acetas. Q. arse'niate, quiniae 
arsenias. Q. ar'senite, quiniae arsenis. Q. az'otate, 
quiniae nitras. Q. bisul'phate, quiniae bisulphas. Q. 
bro'mide, quiniae bromidum. Q. car'bolate, quiniae 
carbolas. Q. chlo'rate, quiniae chloras. Q. cl'trate, 
quiniae citras. Q. ferrlchlo'ride, brown astringent 
powder, haemostatic applied externally and when ap- 
plied internally in haemorrhage of the stomach and 
bowels, haemoptysis, etc. Q. ferrocy'anate, quiniae 
ferrocyanas. Q. flower, root of Sabbatia ElliottH; QUININISM 
tonic, febrifuge, and antiperiodic; dose of fld. ex- 
tract, Q. hydrobro'mate, an officinal salt, 
well adapted for hypodermic injections on account 
of its greater solubility. Q. hydrochlo'rate, quinise 
hydrochloras. Q., i'odide of, quinise hydriodas. Q., 
iodosul'phate of, Iodide of sulphate of quinia, Sulphate 
of iodoquinia. This salt of quinia is made by adding 
tincture of iodine drop by drop to a mixture of solu- 
tion of sulphate of quinia in acetic acid and distilled 
alcohol. Q., lac'tate of, quinise lactas. Q., mu'riate 
of, quinise murias. Q., ni'trate of, quiniaj nitras. Q. 
o'leate, yellow mass, soluble in alcohol, used in sup- 
pository, and in skin diseases in ointment; see Oleate. 
Q., phos'phate of, quinise phosphas. Q. sul'phas, 
quinise sulphas. Q., sul'phate of, the salt usually 
employed in medicine; occurs in needles of a pearly 
and satiny appearance; employed in the treatment 
of intermittents; and is available in many cases 
where the bark in substance could not be retained 
or would be injurious; dose, as a tonic, from 3 to 10 
grains in the 24 hours. As an antiperiodic it may 
be carried much farther. Its action, in a large dose, 
is decidedly sedative. Q., tan'nate of, quiniee tannas. 
Q., vale'rianate of, quinise valerianas. 
Quininism (kwi'nin-izm). Quinism, Cinchonism. 
The aggregate of encephalic or neuropathic phe- 
nomena induced by over-doses of quinia. 
Quiniometry, kwin-e-om'et-re. Estimation of the 
amount of quinine in any sample of cinchona bark. 
Quiniretin, kwin-e-ret'in. Flocculent precipitate 
deposited from quinine solutions by the action of 
sunlight; has the same chemical composition as 
quinine. 
Qninium, kwin'e-um. An alcoholic extract made 
from cinchona barks the composition of which is 
known, and which are mixed together in such pro- 
portions that the quinia and the cinchonia exist in 
the relation of two of the former to one of the latter. 
It is used in pills or in wine. 
Quinoa, kwin'o-ah. The seeds of Chenopodium 
quinoa, herbaceous annual of Peru and Chili, have 
been used as an article of food. 
Quinoidine, kwin-oid'een. Chinioidine. Q., an'i- 
mal, see Chinioidine. 
Quinolin, kwin-o'lin (quina, elaion, oil). Leuko- 
leinum. 
Quinology, kwi-nol'o-je (quina, logos, discourse). 
Cinchonology. A treatise on the cinchonas or on 
quinia. 
Quinone, kwi'none. Compound obtained from 
kinic acid by treating with diluted sulphuric acid. 
Quinotannic (kwi-no-tan'nik) ac'id. Cinchotannic 
acid. 
943 
Q. V. 
Quinovic (kwi-no'vik) ac'id. Kinovic acid. 
Quinovin, kwi-no'vin. Kinovin. 
Quinquefolium, kwin-kwe-fo'le-um (quinque, five, 
folium, leaf). Potentilla reptans. Q. ma'jus, Poten- 
tilla reptans. 
Quinquina, kwin-kwe'nah (Peruvian, kina kina). 
Cinchona. Q. bi'color, Cinchonse Caribsese cortex. 
Quinquino, kwin-kwe'no. Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
Quinsy, kwin'ze. Cynanche; C. tonsillaris. Q., 
ner'vous, hysterical feeling of strangulation, with 
dread of suffocation. Q., wolf, wolf-choak or wolf- 
quinsy ; lycanche. 
Quintan, kwin'tan (quintus, a fifth). A fever 
whose paroxysms return only every five days inclu- 
sively, and between them there are, consequently, 
three days of apyrexia. 
Quinteron, kwin'ter-on (quintus, fifth). See Mulat- 
to. Q., black, see Mulatto. 
Quintessence, kwin-tes'sence (fifth essence). Name 
formerly given to alcohol impregnated with the 
principles of some drug; often synonymous therefore 
with Alcoholic tincture. The most volatile principles 
of bodies were called Quintessences. 
Quintisternal, kwin-te-stur'nal. Fifth osseous 
portion of the sternum, corresponding to the fifth and 
sixth intercostal spaces. 
Quintus columns, kwin'tus kol'ums. Fasciculi 
marginales aquseducti. 
Quinua, kwin'u-ah. Chenopodium quinoa. 
Quiricua, kwir-ik-u'ah. See Chloasma. 
Quisqualis Indica, kwis-kwah'lis in'dik-ah (quis, 
who, qualis, of what kind). Shrub, ord. Combre- 
tacese, native of the East Indies; used in China as a 
vermifuge. 
Quitch, kwitch. Triticum repens. 
Quittor, kwit'tor. Fistulous wound upon the quar- 
ters or heel of the coronet of a horse's foot. 
Quiz'zer. Grinder. One who examines and pre- 
pares students in medical colleges on the subjects 
taught in them. The term quizzer, in this sense, is 
restricted to the United States. To " hold a quiz " 
is to give an examination in this manner. 
Quor. Quorum, meaning " of which." 
Quotidian, kwo-tid'e-an (quotidie, daily). That 
which takes place every day. Q. fe'ver, Q. ague; an 
intermittent the paroxysms of which recur every 
day. A simple, double, or triple quotidian is a quo- 
tidian which has one, two, or three paroxysms in the 
twenty-four hours. 
Quotient, respiratory, kwo'shent, res'pir-a-to-re. 
Proportion of oxygen excreted by the lungs to that 
absorbed by them in the same time. 
Q. v. Quantum volueris, as much as you wish. R 
944 
RADIAL 
R. or R is placed at the commencement of a pre- 
scription as a contraction of Recipe. See Abbrevia- 
tion. Originally it was the sign (If.) of Jupiter, and 
was placed at the top of a formula to propitiate the 
king of the gods, that the compound might act 
favorably. 
Rabdoi'des sutu'ra (rhabdos, rod, eidos, resem- 
blance). Sagittal suture. 
Rab'id (rabies, canine madness). That which be- 
longs to hydrophobia, as rabid virus, etc. Rabid also 
means affected with hydrophobia. 
Rabies canina, rab'e-ees kan-e'nah. Hydrophobia. 
Rac'ahout. A name given by the Arabs to the 
starch prepared from an edible acorn obtained from 
Quercus ilex ; but the so-called racahout of the Arabs 
sold in Paris is said to be a compound of potato 
starch, chocolate, and aromatics-as vanilla; or of 
Caracas cacao, Bermuda arrow root, farina of wheat, 
sugar of milk, salep, and vanilla. 
Raccoon' ber'ry. Podophyllum montanum. 
Race (radix, root). Breed. Union or aggregate of 
individuals whose conformation or particular condi- 
tion differs perceptibly from that of neighboring va- 
rieties. In the human species several races are desig- 
nated. See Man. 
Racemic acid, ra-se'mik as'id. An acid isomeric 
with tartaric acid. 
Rac'emose (racemus, a bunch of grapes). In clus- 
ters, like grapes; hence racemose glands, glandulee 
racemosee, as the liver, pancreas, etc. R. an'eu- 
rism, aneurism by anastomosis. R. cells, cells in 
clusters surrounding central ducts. 
Rachi. All words commencing with Rachi (for 
rhachis, spine) are more correctly spelled Rhachi. 
Rachiaei, rak-e-e'e (rhachis, spine). Muscles of the 
spine. 
Rachial'gia (rhachis, algos, pain). Metallic colic; 
pain in the spine ; vertebral disease. R. mesenter'ica, 
tabes mesenterica. R. pictonien'sium, metallic colic. 
R. pic'tonum (R. of the Picts, who were in the habit 
of painting themselves), R. picto'rum (R. of paint- 
ers), metallic colic. 
Rachialgitis, rak-e-al-je'tis. Myelitis; spinal irri- 
tation. 
Rachidian, rak-id'e-an (rhachis). Spinal. R. ar'- 
teries, spinal arteries. R. bulb, see Medulla oblon- 
gata. R. canal', vertebral canal. 
Rachilysis, rak-il'is-is (rhachis, luo, to loose). 
Method of treating lateral curvature of the spine by 
opposing with proper apparatus the unnatural curva- 
ture. 
Rachiocypho'sis (rftacftis, kuphosis, curvature). 
Backward curvature of the spine. 
Rachiophyma, rak-e-o-fe'mah (rhachis, phuma, tu- 
mor). Tumor on the spine or on the back. 
Rachls, rak'is (more correctly Rhachis). Vertebral 
column. 
Rachisagra, rak-is'ag-rah (rhachis, agra, seizure). 
Gouty or rheumatic affection of the spine. 
Rachischisis, rak-is'kis-is (rhachis, spine, schizo, to 
split). Congenital fissure of the spinal column, a 
variety of spina bifida. 
Rachitse, rak-e'te. Muscles of the spine. 
Rachitic, rak-it'ik. Relating or appertaining to or 
affected with rachitis or rickets. Weak, feeble in the 
joints; defective in development. R. rose-gar'land, 
appearance presented by nodular thickenings on the 
end of the ribs in rachitis. 
Rachitis, rak-e'tis (rhachis, spine, rhachites nosos, 
spinal disease). English disease, Rickets. Disease not 
known in England before the first quarter of the seven- 
teenth century, and then termed Rickets. Glisson first 
gave it the scientific name, from rhachis, which, in 
Greek, means the spine. It is characterized by crooked- 
ness of the long bones, swelling of their extremities, 
crooked spine, prominent abdomen, large head, and 
often precocity of intellect, and is accompanied by lean- 
ness, general debility, indigestion. It frequently in- 
duces atrophy and hectic. Rickets occurs particu- 
larly during the first years of existence of weakly 
children born of rickety or scrofulous parents, brought 
up in damp or confined situations, who are badly 
nourished and do not take sufficient exercise. Some 
children gradually recover their health; others be- 
come more and more deformed, and ultimately die of 
consumption, dropsy, or other organic disease. Pure 
air, a healthy situation, nourishing diet, exercise, sea 
or common cold bathing, and tonics and eutrophics 
afford the best prospect of success. R. adulto'rum, 
mollifies ossium. 
Rachitome, rak'it-ome (rhachis, tome, incision). 
Anatomical instrument for opening the medulla 
spinalis without injuring the medulla. 
Rachosis, rak-o'sis (rhakoo, to produce a wrinkle). 
Relaxation of the scrotum. Excoriation of the re- 
laxed velum pendulum. 
Rack. Arrack. 
Rack'et incis'ion. See Crupper incision. 
Racosis, rak-o'sis. Rachosi§. 
Rad'cliffe's elix'ir. See Tinctura aloes composita. 
Radesyge (rad-es-ig'a) or Radezyge. Radzyge. 
Radiad, ra'de-ad. See Radial aspect. 
Radial, ra'de-al (radius). That which relates to the 
radius. R. ar'tery arises from the brachial at the 
upper and anterior part of the forearm; descends on 
the outer side as far as the lower part of the radius, 
and proceeds downward and backward toward the 
superior extremity of the space which separates the 
first two metacarpal bones, then buries itself in the 
palm of the hand, where it forms the profound or 
radial palmar arch. The radial artery gives off the 
recurrent radial, several radiomuscular branches, the 
transverse palmar, radiocarpal artery, the external 
superficial artery of the palm of the hand, the exter- 
nal dorsal of the thumb, the dorsalis carpi, dorsal in- 
terosseous artery of the index, etc. R. as'pect, aspect 
toward the side on which the radius is situate (Bar- 
clay). Radiad is used by the same writer, adverbially, 
to signify " toward the radial aspect." R. fi'bres of 
ret'ina, Muller's fibres. R. fos'sa, slight depression 
on the humerus for reception of the head of the radius 
when the arm is thoroughly flexed. R. groove, mus- 
culospiral groove. R. lymphat'ic glands, glands in 
forearm distributed along radial vessels. R. nerve, 
Spiral nerve, Spiral muscular nerve, Musculospinal nerve, 
arises from the four inferior branches of the brachial 
plexus. At first it is situate behind the other nerves of 
the plexus, then becomes engaged between the three 
portions of the triceps brachialis, passes behind the hu- 
merus, and descends between the supinator longus and 
brachialis internus as far as opposite the upper extrem- 
ity of the radius. In its course it gives numerous fila- 
ments to the triceps, supinator longus, extensor carpi 
radialis longior, and to the integuments. Opposite to 
the upper extremity of the radius it divides into two 
branches-the one, posterior, which turns backward 
into the substance of the supinator brevis, and, when 
it has reached the space between the two layers of 
muscles on the posterior surface of the forearm, di- 
vides into a great number of filaments distributed to 
those muscles and to the integuments of the hand. 
The other branch is the anterior; it descends before 
the supinator brevis and the radius until, near the 
inferior third of that bone, it engages itself between 
the tendons of the supinator longus and extensor 
carpi radialis longior, and, becoming afterward sub- 
cutaneous, divides into two branches, whose filaments 
are distributed to the integuments of the thumb, in- 
dex, middle finger, to the outside of the ring finger, 
and to the first interosseous muscle of the back of the RADIALE 
hand. R. veins, deep'-seated, follow the same course 
as the radial artery. 
Radiale, rad-e-al'e. Scaphoid bone. 
Radia'lis anti'cus. Flexor carpi radialis. R. ex- 
ten'sor lon'gior, R. externus longior. R. exter'nus 
bre'vior, extensor muscle of the wrist, situate beneath 
the extensor carpi radialis longior. Attached above 
to the external tuberosity of the humerus, and ter- 
minates below by a long tendon inserted into the 
posterior part of the upper extremity of the third 
bone of the metacarpus. Has the same uses as the 
next muscle. R. exter'nus lon'gior, Grand radial, 
is seated at the outer part of the forearm, is thin, but 
thicker on the outside than on the inside. It is attached 
above to the inferior part of the outer edge and to the 
corresponding tuberosity of the humerus, and termi- 
nates below by a long tendon which is attached to the 
superior extremity of the second bone of the metacar- 
pus. It extends the hand on the forearm. R. exter'- 
nus pri'mus, E. externus longior. R. inter'nus, pal- 
maris magnus. R. inter'nus profun'dus, flexor carpi 
radialis brevis. R. secun'dus, E. externus longior. 
Radiated, ra'de-a-ted (radius, ray). Arranged in 
rays, in lines diverting from a common centre. 
Epithet given to several ligaments, etc., as to those 
which unite the ribs to the sternum, those which 
unite the tibia and fibula at their inferior extremity, 
etc. R. sub'stance of kid'ney, see Kidney. 
Ra'diating fi'bres of ret'ina. Muller's fibres. R. 
points, pains symptomatic of disease of the spine, 
caused by irritation of the posterior roots of the 
spinal nerves. 
Radiatio, rad-e-ah'she-o. Radiation. 
Radical, rad'ik-al (radix). Going to the very root, 
therefore complete and thorough; as radical cure, in 
which the disease is destroyed, as it were, from the 
root; used in opposition to palliative cure. R. moist'- 
ure, see Humidum radicate. R. ves'sels, Vascular 
radicles; small vessels that take their origin in the 
tissues, and by their union form larger vessels. R. 
vin'egar, aceticum acidum. 
Radices (rad-e'sees) (pl. of Radix) accesso'rise 
bre'vls. Filaments occasionally met with connecting 
the ciliary ganglion with the three branches of the 
oculomotor nerve. R. accesso'riee me'diae, filaments 
occasionally seen connecting the ciliary ganglion 
with the carotid plexus. R. cau'dicis, fibres of the 
corona radiata extending from brain-stem to cortex. 
R. centra'lis, corona radiata. R. cor'poris callo'si, 
fibres of corona radiata running from corpus callo- 
sum to cortex. R. cor'porum cavernoso'rum pe'- 
nls, see Cavernous bodies. R. hyoi'dei os'sis, cornua 
of the hyoid bone. R. medulla'ris cer'ebri, corona 
radiata. R. olfacto'rise, olfactory roots. R. thal'- 
ami op'tici, fibres of corona radiata extending from 
thalamus opticus to cortex. 
Radiciseca, rad-e-sis'ek-ah (radix, seco, to cut). 
Rhizotomist. One employed in collecting and prepar- 
ing roots was formerly so called. 
Radicle, rad'ik-al. Small root or rootlet. 
Radicula, rad-ik'u-lah (dim. of Radix, root). 
Radicle. Small root or rootlet; also Eaphanus hor- 
tensis. 
Radicular (rad-ik'u-lar) ar'teries. Vessels follow- 
ing nerve-roots into the substance of the spinal cord. 
R. fi'bres, exter'nal, name given by Charcot to fibres 
of posterior roots of spinal nerves that pass through 
the substantia gelatinosa Eolandi, then ascend and 
go to the posterior cornu. R. fi'bres, inter'nal, pos- 
terior roots of spinal nerves, supposed to run to 
some extent in the posterior columns of the cord be- 
fore they pass through the gray. 
Radii ciliares, rad'e-e sil-e-ar'ees (radius, ray, pl. 
radii). Ciliary processes. R. fron'tis, folds or wrin- 
kles of the forehead. R. len'tis, lines which radiate 
at the poles of the crystalline lens. 
Radio, rad'e-o (radius). In composition, the radius. 
Radiobicip'ital bur'sa. Bursa between tendon of 
biceps and tuberosity of radius. 
Radiocarpal, ra-de-o-kar'pal. Eelating to the ra- 
dius and carpus. R. articula'tion, the wrist-joint or 
945 
RADULA 
articulation of the os scaphoid.es, os semilunare, and. 
os cuneiforme of the carpus with the inferior surface 
of the radius and the fibrocartilage situate below the 
ulna. It is strengthened by the lateral, anterior, and. 
posterior ligaments. R. trans'verse pal'mar ar'tery, 
transverse branch given off by the radial artery op- 
posite the lower edge of the pronator quadratus, 
which sends several branches to the anterior or pal- 
mar surface of the carpus. 
Radiocar'peo-metacar'peus. Flexor carpi radialis 
brevis. 
Radiocar'po-metacarpa'lis. Flexor carpi radialis 
brevis, attached, to carpus and metacarpus. 
Radio digital. Radial nerve. 
Radiohu'meral articulation. Articulation of 
elbow-joint. 
Radiolus, rad-e'o-lus (dim. of Radius, rod or spoke). 
A sound or probe. 
Radiometacarpa'lis. Flexor carpi radialis brevis, 
attached to bones of metacarpus. 
Radiomuscular, ra-de-o-mus'ku-lar. Name given 
to the branches sent off from the radial artery to the 
muscles of the forearm in the first part of its course, 
as well as to the nervous filaments which the radial 
nerve sends to the same muscles. 
Radiopal'mar ar'tery. Superficial volar artery. 
Radiopalma'ris. Occasional muscle attached with 
the palmaris longus. 
Ra'dio-ul'nar fibrocar'tilage. Triangular carti- 
lage of wrist. R.-u. lig'aments, ligaments connect- 
ing the radius and ulna. 
Rad'ish. Raphanus hortensis. R., wa'ter, Nas- 
turtium amphibium. 
Radius, rad'e-us (a staff, so called from its shape). 
Spokelone. Long prismatic bone, the upper and lesser 
extremity of which is called the head, supported by 
a cervix or neck. At the part where the neck is 
confounded with the body of the bone is the tubercle 
or bicipital tuberosity or eminence for the insertion 
of the biceps. The radius is articulated above with 
the os humeri and with the lesser sigmoid cavity of 
the ulna; below, with the scaphoides, semilunare, 
and the head of the ulna. Its inferior extremity, 
which is larger than the superior, is flattened before 
and behind, is regularly quadrilateral, and has below 
a double facette to be articulated with the first two 
bones of the carpus. On the outer side is the styloid 
process, and on the inner a concave facet which joins 
the ulna. Behind are grooves for the passage of the 
extensor tendons. 
Radix, rad'iks. Root; also the male organ. Radix, 
root, or fang of a tooth is the part contained in the al- 
veolus. Radix or root of the nail is the portion hidden 
under the skin. Surgeons give the name to prolonga- 
tions sent by scirrhous, cancerous, or other tumors into 
the neighboring parts. The five aperient roots were, 
of old, asparagus, butcher's broom, fennel, parsley, and 
smallage; the five lesser aperient roots were caper, 
dandelion, eryngo, madder, and restharrow. R. ac- 
cesso'ria sphenopalati'na, filaments occasionally 
connecting ciliary and sphenopalatine ganglia. R. 
aor'tse, bulb of aorta. R. ascen'dens for'nicis, 
main part of anterior pillar of fornix, situate between 
the body and tubercula mammilaria; also applied to 
radix descendens fomicis. R. asclepi'adis cris'pa, 
see Gomphocarpus crispus. R. Brazilien'sis, ipecac- 
uanha. R. bre'vis gan'glii cilia'ris, branch given 
off from oculomotor nerve to ciliary ganglion motor. 
R. bre'vis gan'glii sphenopalati'na, sensitive root 
of sphenopalatine ganglion. R. bre'vis gan'glii 
submaxilla'ris, sensitive root of submaxillary gan- 
glion. R. carot'ica, deep petrosal nerve. R. cochlea'- 
ris, cochlear auditory root. R. colum'nse for'nicis, 
anterior pillar of fornix. R. cor'dis, base of the 
heart. R. gen'sing, see Panax quinquefolium. R. In'- 
dica Lopezia'na, Lopez radix. R. lin'guse, see Tongue. 
R. Lopezia'na, Lopez radix. R. nin'si pa'nax schin'- 
seng, Sium ninsi. R. ru'bra, rubia. R. serpen'tum, 
see Ophiorrhiza mungos. R. un'guis, root of the nail. 
R. ursi'na, ASthusa meum. R. ven'tris, umbilicus. 
Radula, rad'u-lah (rado, to scrape). Raspatorium. RADZYGE 
Radzyge, rad-zig'a (obsolete Da. word rada, malig- 
nant, syge, disease). Name given in Norway to a 
disease bearing considerable analogy to the yaws. 
Some have esteemed it a species of lepra or elephan- 
tiasis, and others a syphiloid affection. Another form 
-the Spedalske or Spedalskhed of Norway-appears to 
be a variety of tubercular lepra. Under the epithe- 
lial scales numerous acari have been found, and the 
affection has been called Norwegian scabies or itch, 
scabies crustosa, and scabies Norvegica Boeckii, after 
Boeck, who well described a case of it. 
Rafflesia (raf-le'ze-ah) Arnold'! (after Sir Stamford 
Raffles). Plant of Java, a decoction of which is em- 
ployed there as an astringent in relaxed conditions of 
the genito-urinary apparatus. 
Rage, raij. Violent passion, characterized by con- 
traction of the muscles of the face, violence in every 
movement, extreme irritation of the nervous system, 
acceleration of the blood's motion, and generally red- 
ness and swelling of the face. 
Rag'e. A suffix meaning flow; see Rhage. 
Rag'ged la'dy. Nigella damascena. 
Rag'weed. See Ambrosia clatior. R., gold'en, 
Senecio aureus. R., great or tall, Ambrosia trifida. 
Rag'wort. Senecio Jacobsea. 
Rai'a ba'tis and R. clava'ta. See Oleum morrhuse. 
Rail'way kid'ney. Renal affection caused by con- 
cussion of railway-train. R. spine, Erichsen's disease. 
See Concussion. 
Rain'bow worm. Herpes iris. 
Rai'ney's bod'ies, cap'sules, or cor'puscles. 
Psorosperma. 
Raising, ra'zing. Expectoration. 
Raisins, ra'zins. Uvae pass®. See Vitus vinifera. 
Rakasira, rak-as-e'rah. An American balsam; 
softening and exhaling an agreeable smell when 
heated. It has been used as a balsam in gonorrhoea 
and urinary affections. 
Rake'teeth. A term used in the north of England 
for teeth wide apart, like those of a rake. 
Rakia, rak'e-ah. See Spirit. 
Rakli pili. An Indian name for leprosy. 
Rale, ral (F.) Rattle, Rhoncus (from [D.] rate!) 
(probably an example of onomatopoeia). Noise pro- 
duced by the air in passing through mucus of which 
the lungs are unable to free themselves. This condi- 
tion, tracheal rille, is chiefly observed at the approach 
of death, and is commonly called " the rattles." The 
term rale has been given to different sounds during 
respiration, caused by the air in connection with fluid 
contained in the bronchi or areol® of the pulmonary 
tissue, which are perceived by the stethoscope. Rale 
has generally been used for a " moist " sound, heard on 
auscultation of the chest, while rhoncus has meant a 
" dry " sound. R., crep'itant, rhoncus crepitans; see 
Crepitant. R., mu'cous, Mucous rattle ; sound produced 
by the passage of air through mucus accumulated in 
the larger bronchi or trachea, or through softened tu- 
bercular matter. This rale occurs in catarrh and in 
softened tubercle. When carried to a very high degree, 
it constitutes gurgling. R., sib'ilant, sibilant rattle; 
slight, though prolonged, whistling sound, occurring 
either at the commencement of inspiration or of ex- 
piration, owing to the presence of mucus, thin and 
viscid, but not abundant, which obstructs, more or 
less completely, the smaller bronchial ramifications; 
is seated in the small tubes, and occurs in the first 
stage of bronchitis. The clicking and whistling vari- 
eties differ, in the former being short, the latter pro- 
longed. The former is a quick, sharp sibilus or 
whistle, which ceases almost instantaneously; the 
latter a prolonged sibilus, of less sharpness, lasting 
almost the whole time of the movement which it 
accompanies. To these may be added the hissing 
variety, the name sufficiently indicating its charac- 
ter. R., sono'rous, sonorous rattle; sound resembling 
at times the snoring of a person asleep, at others the 
sound of the bass string of an instrument when 
rubbed with the finger, and not unfrequently the 
cooing of a dove; seems to be caused by a contraction 
of the bronchial tubes, and is characteristic of chronic 
946 
RAMI 
catarrh. R., subcrep'itant, the subcrepitant rhonchus, 
is produced by the bubbling of air through liquid of 
variable consistence in the minute bronchial tubes. 
When heard at the base of both lungs, it is a sign of 
capillary bronchitis; when heard at the base of one 
only,, it is generally connected with tubercles higher 
up. R., trache'al, see Rale. R., vesic'ular, see Crep- 
itation. 
Rama'lis ve'na. Vena porta and its branches. 
Ram'dohr's su'ture. Suture applied to unite an 
intestine which has been transversely divided. 
Ramenta intestinorum, ram-en'tah in-tes-tin-o'- 
rum (pl. of Ramentum). Scraping of the intestines. 
Shreds or scrapings, as it were, of the mucous mem- 
brane of the bowels, often discharged in malignant 
dysentery. 
Ramentum, ram-en'tum (contracted from radi- 
mentum, rado, to scrape). Fragment; shaving from 
a metal. 
Ramex, ram'eks. Hernia. R. varico'sus, vari- 
cocele. 
Rami, ram'e (pl. of Ramus). Branches. R. adi- 
po'si, from lumbar arteries to adipose capsule of 
kidney. R. ala'res, from angular artery to also. of 
nose. R. alveola'res, from infraorbital and inferior 
dental arteries supplying the alveolar processes. R. 
articula'res, supplying temporomaxillary articula- 
tion ; also from posterior auricular artery to pinna. 
R. bronchia'les, from the arch of the aorta to the 
bronchi. R. bucca'les, from alveolar nerves to 
mucous membrane of cheeks. R. cardi'aci, from 
gastric artery to cardiac orifice of stomach. R. cer- 
vicospina'les, from ascending cervical artery to 
spinal canal. R. clavicula'res, from transverse cer- 
vical artery to subclavius muscle. R. communican'- 
tes no'ni, communicating branches of ninth pair. 
R. cuta'nei, branches of perforating nerves, anterior 
and posterior. R. denta'les, from inferior dental 
artery to the teeth. R. dlplo'ici, alveolar branches 
of inferior dental artery. R. dorsa'les na'si, from 
angular artery to posterior portion of nose. R. epi- 
plo'ici, from gastroduodenal artery to great omen- 
tum. R. episclera'les, from anterior ciliary arteries, 
anastomosing with posterior ciliary. R. exter'ni of 
intercos'tal nerves, lateral perforating branches. 
R. fascia'les, branches of infraorbital nerve on the 
face, of inferior palpebral nerves, external nasal 
nerves, and superior lateral nerves. R. fronta'les, 
from supratrochlear nerve to skin of forehead. R. 
gas'tricl, branches of gastric artery to walls of 
stomach; also branches of gastroduodenal artery 
to the walls of the stomach. R. gingiva'les, from 
dental arteries, passing through small canals in the 
alveolar process to the gums. R. glandula'res, 
branches of superior thyroid artery to thyroid body. 
R. of is'chium, see Ischium. R. labia'les inferio'res, 
from mental nerve to lower lip. R. mamma'rii ex- 
ter'ni, from intercostal arteries to the mammary 
gland. R. margina'les, from palpebral arteries to 
edge of eyelids. R. masseter'ici, from external 
carotid to masseter muscle. R. mastoi'dei, from 
stylomastoid artery to mastoid cells. R. menin'gei, 
from posterior auricular artery; from lachrymal ar- 
tery ; from vertebral artery and intercostal arteries. 
R. menin'gei anti'ci, from anterior ethmoidal artery 
to falx cerebri and dura mater. R. nasa'les, from 
ethmoidal artery to septum and sides of nose. R. 
oesophage'i, from inferior thyroid artery to the 
oesophagus near thyroid gland. R. orbita'les, from 
infraorbital artery to periosteum and muscles of 
orbit; from middle meningeal artery to the orbit; 
from sphenopalatine ganglion to orbit and the perios- 
teum. R. palpebra'les exter'ni, from transverse facial 
artery to the eyelids. R. palpebra'les superio'res, 
from supratrochlear nerve to upper eyelid. R. pan- 
creat'ici, from hepatic artery to the pancreas. R. 
parenchymato'si, from hepatic artery to the liver. 
R. parotide'!, from external carotid artery to parotid 
gland. R. pectora'les, from thoracico-acromial ar- 
tery to pectoral muscles. R. perforan'tes, from 
hepatic artery to liver. R. perforan'tes anterio'res, RAMIFICATION 
from intercostal nerves to skin of thorax and abdo- 
men. R. perforan'tes latera'les, lateral from inter- 
costal nerves. R. pericardi'aci va'gi, from the pneu- 
mogastric nerve to the pericardium. R. periostea'les, 
from posterior dental artery to periosteum of maxil- 
lary sinus. R. pharynge'i, from inferior thyroid 
gland to the pharynx near the thyroid gland. R. 
pinna'les, from angular artery to alae of nose. R. 
pterygoi'dei, from external carotid artery to ptery- 
goid muscles. R. of pu'bis, see Pubis. R. semicir- 
cula'res tempora'les, from middle temporal artery 
to upper edge of temporal muscles. R. spheno- 
orbita'les, orbital branches from sphenopalatine gan- 
glion. R. superficia'les, from hepatic artery to the 
portal fissure and biliary ducts. R. tar'sei, from 
palpebral arteries to edges of the eyelids. R. thy- 
roi'dei, from inferior thyroid artery to thyroid gland. 
R. trachea'les, from inferior thyroid artery near the 
thyroid gland. 
Ramification, ram-e-fik-a'shun (ramus, facio, to 
make). Division of arteries, veins, or nerves into 
branches. Also a branch itself. 
Ramollissement (F.), ram-ol-leese'mong. Mollifies; 
softening. 
Ramphos, ram'fos (a beak). Rostrum. 
Rams'den's eye'piece. Eyepiece with two plano- 
convex lenses, used in micrometry. 
Ram'sted. Linaria vulgaris. 
Ram'uli gingiva'les. Gingival nerves. R. isth'- 
mi fauc'ium, ramuli mandibulares. R. mandlbu- 
la'res, twigs given off from submaxillary ganglion to 
mucous membrane of posterior part of mouth. R. 
sabi'nae, sabina. R. sphenoida'les, branches from 
Vidian nerve to body of sphenoid bone. 
Ramulus, ram'u-lus (dim. of Ramus). Ramuscu- 
lus. R. ampul'lse horizonta'lis, branch from vestib- 
ular nerve to ampulla of horizontal vertical semicir- 
cular canal. R. ampul'lse inferio'ris, branch from 
cochlear nerve to ampulla of inferior semicircular 
canal. R. ampul'lse sagitta'lis, ramulus ampullae 
superioris. R. ampul'lse superio'ris, branch from 
vestibular nerve to ampulla of superior vertical semi- 
circular canal. R. coch'leae, branch of cochlear nerve 
running to cochlea. R. reces'sus utric'uli, branch 
from vestibular nerve to utriculus. R. sac'culi, branch 
from cochlear nerve to sacculus. 
Ramus, ram'us (pl. Rami, branch). Branch or di- 
vision of an artery, vein, or nerve. Portion of a bone 
forming an angle with the body or main portion, as 
the ramus of the jaw. Also the male organ. R. ab- 
domina'lis, branch from lumbar region to walls of 
the abdomen; hypogastric nerve. R. acromia'lis, 
acromial artery. R. acus'ticus, petrosus superficialis. 
R. anastomot'icus profun'dus, deep facial vein. R. 
anastomot'icus pu'bicus, pubic artery. R. ante'rior 
of great auric'ular nerve, branch to parotid gland 
and region of parotid gland and masseter muscle. 
R. ante'rior of inter'nal cuta'neous nerve, branch 
from cutaneous nerve to ulnar portion of forearm. R. 
ante'rior of lac'rymal nerve, superior branch of lac- 
rymal nerve. R. ante'rior na'rium, external nasal 
nerve. R. ante'rior of obtura'tor nerve, branch to 
adductor brevis, a. longus, and to gracilis. R. ante'- 
rior radia'lis, dorsal radial nerve of the thumb. R. 
ante'rior of spi'nal nerve, anterior division of spinal 
nerve. R. articula'ris ge'nu, from long saphenous 
nerve to knee-joint. R. articula'ris ge'nu supe'rior 
and R. articula'ris ge'nu infe'rior, from peroneal 
nerve to knee-joint. R. ascen'dens, from transverse 
cervical artery to splenius and deep muscles of the 
neck. R. ascen'dens fos'sse Syl'vii, anterior ramus 
or branch of the fissure of Sylvius. R. auricula'ris 
Arnol'di or R. va'gi, auricular branch of vagus. R. 
auricula'ris infe'rior, anterior branch of great auric- 
ular nerve. R. auricula'ris ner'vi glossopharynge'i, 
tympanic nerve. R. auricula'ris poste'rior super- 
ficia'lis, posterior branch of great auricular nerve. 
R. auric'ulo-ventricula'ris, see Ramus cireumflexus. 
R. basila'ris, see Ramus meningeus of ascending phar- 
yngeal artery. R. brachia'lis, thoracic branch of 
inferior thyroid artery. R. cana'lis spina'lis, from 
947 
RAMUS 
spinal branch of the intercostal artery to walls of 
the spinal canal. R. caroticotympan'icus, carotico- 
tympanic artery. R. cerebella'ris, from posterior 
spinal artery to cerebellum. R. cervica'lis, ascend- 
ing branch of transverse cervical artery. R. cervi- 
ca'lis prin'ceps, princeps cervicis artery. R. cer- 
vicofacial'is, cervicofacial portion of facial nerve. 
R. circumflex'us of left cor'onary ar'tery, branch 
passing around the heart in the auriculoventricular 
furrow. R. collatera'lis ulna'ris, branch of mus- 
culospiral nerve to inner head of triceps. R. com- 
mu'nicans, branch from anterior division of spinal 
nerve to the sympathetic. R. commu'nicans facie'i 
profun'dus, deep facial vein. R. commu'nicans ra- 
dia'lis, branch of radial artery forming deep palmar 
arch. R. crura'lis, lumbo-inguinal nerve. R. cu- 
bita'lis, R. cutaneus volaris antibrachii. R. cucul- 
la'ris, from cervical plexus to trapezius muscle. R. 
cuta'neo-ulna'ris, branch of internal cutaneous nerve 
to ulnar side of forearm. R. cuta'neus, superficial 
branch of external plantar nerve; radial nerve; 
branch from anterior branch of obturator nerve to 
skin on inner side of upper part of the thigh. R. 
cuta'neus palma'ris, branch of internal cutaneous 
nerve of arm to anterior surface of forearm. R. cu- 
ta'neus perone'us, from communicans peronei nerve 
to skin on outer side of leg. R. cuta'neus ulna'ris 
antibrach'il, from cutaneous nerve to ulnar portion 
of forearm. R. cuta'neus vola'ris antibrach'ii, 
branch of internal cutaneous nerve of arm to ante- 
rior part of the forearm. R. deltoi'deus, branch of 
brachial artery to deltoid muscle; branch of thoracico- 
acromial artery; deltoid artery. R. descen'dens, de- 
scending ramus of pubis and ischium. Branch of 
transverse cervical artery to dorsalis scapulae artery. 
R. descen'dens no'ni, descendens noni nerve. R. dip- 
lo'icus, branch of supraorbital to diploe of os frontis. 
R. dorsa'lis, branch of intercostal artery to muscles 
near the spine. R. dorsa'lis antibrach'ii, R. cutaneo- 
ulnaris. R. dorsa'lis ma'nus, dorsal nerve of the 
hand. R. dorsa'lis of musculospi'ral nerve, radial 
nerve. R. dorsa'lis of spi'nal nerve, deep muscles 
along the vertebral canal. R. dorsospina'lis, dorsal 
branch of intercostal artery. R. du'rse ma'tris va'gi, 
from jugular ganglion to the meninges. R. du'rior 
sep'tima conjugatlo'nis, facial nerve. R. epitroch- 
lea'ris, R. cutaneo-ulnaris. R. exter'nus of gen- 
itocru'ral nerve, lumbo-inguinal nerve. R. exter'nus 
of great auric'ular nerve, branch, anterior, of great 
auricular nerve. R. exter'nus of lac'rymal nerve, 
inferior branch of that nerve. R. exter'nus na'rium, 
external nasal nerve. R. exter'nus radia'lis, dorsal 
radial nerve of the thumb. R. facia'lis, anterior 
branch of great auricular nerve. R. femora'lis of gen- 
itocru'ral nerve, lumbo-inguinal nerve. R. fibula'- 
ris, from anterior tibial or anterior tibial recurrent to 
region of the fibula. R. genita'lis of gen'ito-cru'ral 
nerve, external spermatic nerve. R. horizonta'lis 
or h. poste'rior fos'sse Syl'vii, posterior portion of 
fissure of Sylvius. R. ili'acus, iliac nerve. R. infe'- 
rior, descending ramus of the pubis and of the 
ischium. R. infe'rior of lac'rymal nerve, branch 
anastomosing with orbital nerve. R. infe'rior ner'vi 
inframaxilla'ris, inferior and larger portion of in- 
framaxillary nerve. R. infe'rior of oculomo'tor 
nerve, portion of that nerve to internal rectus, 
inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles and 
to ciliary ganglion. R. infe'rior of or'bital nerve, 
branch to the cheek. R. infracosta'lis, branch of in- 
tercostal nerve along inferior edge of rib. R. infra- 
maxilla'ris, inferior maxillary nerve. R. infraspi- 
na'tus, from subscapular artery to infraspinous fossa. 
R. inter'nus of great auric'ular nerve, posterior 
branch of great auricular nerve. R. 1. of lac'rymal 
nerve, superior branch of lacrymal nerve. R. i. of 
spi'nal nerve, see R. lateralis. R. i. of spi'nal acces'- 
sory nerve, anastomotic branch of genitocrural nerve; 
external spermatic nerve. R. intestina'lis, visceral 
branch of spinal nerve. R. of jaw, see Maxilla infe- 
rior. R. latera'lis na'rium, from ethmoidal nerve 
to sides of nose. R. latera'lis of spi'nal nerve, RAMUS 
branch of posterior division along transverse pro- 
cesses of vertebrae. R. mag'nus ner'vi media'ni, 
musculocutaneous nerve. R. mala'ris, inferior 
branch of orbital nerve. R. margina'lis, dorsal ra- 
dial nerve of the thumb. R. mastoi'deus, occipital 
branch of posterior auricular artery; small occipital 
nerve; posterior branch of great auricular nerve. R. 
media'lis, inner nerve of spinal branch of posterior 
division along spinous processes of vertebrae. R. 
medul'lse spinalis or R. medulla'ris, from spinal 
branch of intercostal artery to spinal cord. R. men- 
inge'us of ascending pharynge'al ar'tery, branch 
ramifying and penetrating the skull and supplying 
the meninges. R. meninge'us posterior, from the 
jugular ganglion to the meninges. R. mi'nor ner'vi 
Vidia'ni, great superficial petrosal nerve. R. mus- 
cula'ris, part of dorsal branch of intercostal artery 
to deep muscles of back. R. mus'culo-auricula'ris, 
from posterior auricular nerve to retrahens aurem 
muscle. R. nasa'lis, branch of anterior dental nerve 
to mucous membrane of nasal fossa. R. ner'vi fa- 
cialis, branch of middle meningeal artery anasto- 
mosing with stylomastoid artery. R. ner'vi saphe'ni 
inter'nus, from anastomotica magna artery of thigh, 
with accompanying saphenous nerve, to insertion of 
sartorius. R. occipitalis, posterior auricular ar- 
tery to the occipital region; posterior division of 
superficial temporal artery. R. ophthal'micus, 
ophthalmic nerve. R. palma'ris lon'gus, palmar 
cutaneous nerve. R. palma'ris ulna'ris, from ulnar 
nerve, accompanying the ulnar artery. R. palpe- 
bra'lis, from superior division of lacrymal nerve to 
upper eyelid. R. parietalis, from occipital artery 
to the dura mater. R. patella'ris, from long saphe- 
nous nerve to anterior surface of patella. R. petro'- 
sus superficialis, from middle meningeal artery 
anastomosing with the stylomastoid artery. R. phar- 
ynge'us, from superior thyroid artery to inferior 
constrictor of pharynx. R. pharynge'us descen'- 
dens, inferior pharyngeal branch of ascending phar- 
yngeal artery anastomosing with branches from su- 
perior thyroid. R. phren'ico-abdomina'lis dex'ter, 
a terminal branch of the right phrenic to vena cava, 
liver, etc. R. phren'ico-abdomina'lis sinis'ter, a 
terminal branch of the left phrenic to the left crus 
of diaphragm, to cceliac plexus and suprarenal cap- 
sule. R. poplite'us, from posterior tibial nerve to 
popliteus muscle and tibia. R. poste'rior, dorsal 
branch of intercostal artery. R. poste'rior of great 
auric'ular nerve, to back part of pinna and vicinity. 
R. poste'rior of inter'nal cuta'neous nerve, ulnar 
cutaneous branch of the forearm. R. poste'rior 
of lac'rymal nerve, inferior branch of that nerve. 
R. poste'rior of obtura'tor nerve, branch pass- 
ing through obturator externus to hip-joint and 
to adductor minimus and A. magnus. R. prae- 
vertebra'lis, from ascending pharyngeal to pre- 
vertebral fascia. R. pri'mus quin'ti, ophthalmic 
nerve. R. profun'dus of ante'rior cru'ral nerve, 
posterior terminal branch of anterior crural nerve. 
R. profun'dus of exter'nal plan'tar nerve, external 
interossei, adductor hallucis, and outer head of flexor 
brevis hallucis. R. profun'dus ner'vi media'ni, an- 
terior interosseous nerve of arm. R. profun'dus of 
obtura'tor nerve, posterior branch of obturator 
nerve. R. radia'lis, dorsal radial nerve of the thumb. 
R. recur'rens hypoglos'si, from hypoglossal nerve 
to the meninges. R. recur'rens va'gi, branch from 
jugular ganglion to the meninges. R. scapula'ris 
of trans'verse cer'vical ar'tery, dorsalis scapulae ar- 
tery. R. secun'dus quin'ti, superior maxillary nerve. 
R. sep'ti na'rium, from ethmoidal nerve to septum 
of nose. R. sinua'lis, recurrent branch from oph- 
thalmic nerve, supplying the tentorium. R. spina'- 
lis, part of dorsal branch of intercostal artery 
to spinal canal. R. pro stape'dio, branch of 
stylomastoid artery to stapes. R. ster'no-clei'do- 
mastoi'deus, see Sternomastoid arteries. R. subscapu- 
la'ris ante'rior, from a subscapular artery to anterior 
part of scapula. R. superficia'lis of ante'rior cru'- 
ral nerve, terminal branch of that nerve. R. super- 
948 
RANULA 
ficia'lis of brachia'lis anti'cus, from the inferior 
profunda or the brdchial artery along the middle por- 
tion of that muscle. R. superficia'lis cuta'neus, 
from musculocutaneous nerve to radial side of fore- 
arm. R. superficia'lis of exter'nal plan'tar nerve, 
branch to the skin on fibular side of sole of the foot. 
R. superficia'lis of musculospi'ral nerve, radial 
nerve. R. superficia'lis ner'vi Vidia'ni, R. minor. 
R. supe'rior, horizontal ramus of the pubis and of 
the ischium. R. supe'rior of lac'rymal nerve, 
branch to lacrymal gland and upper eyelid. R. 
supe'rior ner'vi inframaxilla'ris, superior division 
of inferior maxillary nerve. R. superior of oculo- 
mo'tor nerve, portion to superior rectus and levator 
palpebne muscles. R. supe'rior of or'bital nerve, 
branch to inferior branch of lacrymal nerve. R. 
superio'ris quin'ti, ophthalmic nerve. R. supracos- 
ta'lis, branch of an intercostal nerve along upper 
margin of a rib. R. supramaxilla'ris, superior max- 
illary nerve. R. supraspina'tus, from transverse 
cervical artery to the supraspinous fossa. R. tem- 
pora'lis of or'bital nerve, superior branch of that 
nerve. R. temporofacia'lis, temporofacial portion 
of facial nerve. R. termina'lis ante'rior, division 
of the main trunk of anterior crural nerve to the 
skin and sartorius. R. termina'lis poste'rior, division 
of main trunk of anterior crural nerve of the thumb. 
R. termina'lis radia'lis, terminal branch of median 
nerve to middle and ring fingers. R. termina'lis 
ulna'ris, terminal branch of median nerve to thumb 
and index finger. R. testicula'ris, cremasteric ar- 
tery. R. thorac'icus, branch of inferior thyroid 
artery to the thorax; branch of transverse cervical 
artery to outer surface of thorax. R. tonsilla'ris, 
from ascending palatine artery to the tonsil. R. 
transver'sus, acromial artery. R. trochanter'- 
icus, terminal portion of external circumflex artery 
to trochanteric fossa. R. ulna'ris antibrach'ii, 
ulnar cutaneous branch of forearm. R. ulna'ris 
radia'lis, dorsal nerve of the hand. R. veno'sus 
profun'dus facie'i, internal maxillary vein. R. ven- 
tra'lis of spi'nal nerve, anterior division to muscles 
of ventral and lateral portions of body, including the 
limbs. R. vertebra'lis, spinal branch of intercostal 
artery. R. viscera'lis of spi'nal nerve, from ante- 
rior division to the sympathetic. R. vola'ris profun'- 
dus, deep ulnar artery. R. vola'ris radia'lis, dorsal 
radial nerve of the thumb. R. vola'ris superficia'- 
lis, termination of ulnar artery, forming superficial 
palmar arch. R. xiphoi'deus, branch of internal 
mammary artery to the ensiform process. 
Ramusculus, ram-us'ku-lus (dim. of Ramus). Di- 
vision of a ramus. 
Rana, ran'ah. Ranula. R. esculen'ta (esculent 
frog), this frog and the bullfrog, R. taurina, are eaten 
as delicacies, being easily digested. 
Rancid, ran'sid (ranceo, to be stale). Epithet given 
to fatty bodies which have become acrid from age or 
the contact of air. Mild ointments may thus become 
very irritating and unfit for the purposes for which 
they were originally intended. 
Randia dumetorum, ran'de-ah du-me-to'rum (R. of 
thickets, after J. Rand, botanist, of London). Coro- 
mandel shrub, ord. Cinchonacege; the fruit, bruised 
and thrown on the water, intoxicates, or even kills, 
fish. The powder is a powerful emetic ; it is a cardiac 
stimulant and antispasmodic nervine. R. spino'sa, 
R. dumetorum. 
Range. Scope, extent; as range of accommodation. 
Rangoon' tar. Semi-solid petroleum found in 
India. 
Ranine, ran'ine (rana, frog, shaped like a frog). 
The portion of the lingual artery which advances 
horizontally between the genioglossus and lingualis 
muscles as far as the point of the tongue. The ranine 
vein follows the same course as the artery, and opens 
into the internal jugular or into the superior thyroid. 
Ran'tree. Sorbus aucuparia. 
Ranula, ran'u-lah (dim. of Rana, frog, so called 
from its resemblance). Frogtongue, Sublingual cyst. 
Small, soft, fluctuating, and semitransparent tumor RANUNCULUS 
which forms under the tongue, formerly considered 
to he owing to the accumulation of saliva in Whar- 
ton's duct, hut now said to be due to obstruction of 
one of the mucous glands beneath the tongue, as the 
glands and ducts of Rivini. Sometimes the salivary 
duct is found plugged by a small calculus. Several 
other forms of sublingual swelling are included in 
the term ranula. R. lapide'a, see Calculi, salivary. 
Ranunculus, ran-un'ku-lus (dim. of Rana, frog, 
because found in marshy places where frogs abound). 
Crowfoot, Yellow gowan, ord. Ranunculaceae. Genus 
of plants, most of the species of which, when taken in- 
ternally, act as acrid poisons. They are also acrid and 
vesicant when applied to the skin, and have accord- 
ingly been often used as counter-irritants. Ranuncu- 
lus (formerly in the Ph. U. S.) is the cormus and herb 
of Ranunculus bulbosus. The following species answer 
to the above description: R. aborti'vus, Smalljlowered 
crowfoot, Chickenpepper. R. a'cris, Upright meadow or 
Tall crowfoot, Buttercups Guilty cups, Yellowweed, Blis- 
terweed, Pilewort, Burwort, Meadowbloom, Yellows. R. 
al'bus, Anemone nemorosa. R. aquat'icus, R. scele- 
ratus. R. bulbo'sus, R. Isetus, Bulbous or Bulbous- 
rooted crowfoot, Buttercups. R. declina'tus, R. flam- 
mula. R. digita'tus, R. sceleratus. R. fica'ria, Les- 
ser celandine, Pilewort. The leaves and root have 
been used medicinally-the leaves as an antiscor- 
butic, the root as a cataplasm in piles. R. flam'- 
mula, R. declinatus, Flammula, Surrecta alba, Smaller 
water crowfoot, Lesser spearwort. R. Illyr'icus. R. lae'- 
tus, R. bulbosus. R. lin'gua. R. nemoro'sus, Anem- 
one nemorosa. R. palus'tris, R. sceleratus. R. Penn- 
sylva'nicus, Bristly crowfoot. R. prse'cox, R. ficaria. 
R. praten'sis, R. acris. R. pubes'cens, growing in 
ditches and marshes in South Africa. The expressed 
juice is used by the Cape Colonists in cancerous 
ulcers. R. re'pens, Creeping crowfoot. R. ru'fulus, 
R. acris. R. scelera'tus, Marsh or Crushed or Celery- 
leaved crowfoot. R. sic'ulus, R. acris. R. Steve'nii, 
R. acris. R. umbella'tus, R. sceleratus. R. ver'nus, 
R. ficaria. R. Virglnia'nus, Lobelia syphilitica. 
Ran'vier's nodes. Constrictions at equal distance 
along nerve-fibres. 
Rapa, rap'ah. This term was applied of old to the 
cabbage or turnip kind. R. na'pus (rapus), Brassica 
rapa. R. rotunda, Brassica rapa. 
Rape (rapa). Brassica rapa. Forcible and illicit 
connection with a married or unmarried woman 
(rapio, to ravish). R. oil, oleum rapae. 
Raphanedon, raf-an-a'don (raphanis, a radish; like 
a radish). A transverse fracture of a long bone, 
leaving no splinters. 
Raphania, raf-an'e-ah. Convulsive disease, Ergo- 
tismus, not uncommon in Germany and Sweden, and 
attributed to the seeds of the raphanus, raphanistrum, 
or rapistrum being mixed with the corn. The convul- 
sions are seated in the limbs, and are attended with 
acute pain. See Convulsio cerealis. R. maiz'tica, pel- 
lagra. 
Raphanis, raf'an-is. Raphanus hortensis. R. 
mag'na, Cochlearia armoracia. 
Raphanistrum arvense, raf-an-is'trum ar-ven'se. 
See Raphania. 
Raphanus, raf'an-us. Rapa, R. hortensis. R. hor- 
ten'sis, ord. Cruciferie. The root of this plant is a 
common esculent. It has also been given as a diu- 
retic in calculous affections. The juice, made into a 
syrup, is exhibited to relieve hoarseness. Radishes 
have long been celebrated as antiscorbutics. R. 
mari'nus, Cochlearia Armoracia. R. raphanis'trum, 
see Raphania. R. rustica'nus, Cochlearia Armoracia. 
R. sati'vus, garden radish. R. sylves'tris, see 
Raphania. 
Raphe, rhaf'e (suture). More correctly, Rhaphe. 
Name given to prominent lines resembling a raised 
stitch, as that which divides the scrotum into two 
parts, and extends from the anterior part of the anus 
to the extremity of the penis. Also two prominent 
lines, longitudinal and parallel, seen at the upper sur- 
face of the corpus callosum, extending from the an- 
terior to the posterior extremity of that commissure. 
949 
RASURA 
R. of ampul'la, longitudinal ridge on upper part of 
ampulla of the semicircular canal. R. of medul'la 
oblonga'ta, median septum, consisting of fibres run- 
ning principally in median plane. R. of pal'ate, 
linear median ridge extending from small papilla 
anteriorly to uvula posteriorly. R. of phar'ynx, 
median seam on posterior wall of pharynx. R. of 
tongue, median furrow on dorsum linguae. R. of 
ure'thra, ridge along inferior part of urethra. 
Raphex, raf'eks. Chenopodium vulvaria. 
Raphiankistron, raf-e-an-kis'tron (rhaphion, needle, 
ankistron, hook). Instrument employed in the for- 
mation of artificial pupil. 
Raphidophora vitiensis, raf-id-of'o-rah vish-e-en'- 
sis. Creeping plant, ord. Aroidae, native of the Fiji 
Islands; used in making tonga. 
Raphion, raf'e-on (dim. of Rhaphis, needle). Nee- 
dle. 
Raphis, raf'is. Needle. See Rapa. 
Raphus, raf'us. Rapa. 
Raphys, raf'is. Rapa; Raphanus hortensis. 
Rapistnun, rap-is'trum (rapa). See Raphania. 
Rap'tus (rapio, raptum, to seize violently and sud- 
denly). Violent and sudden attack or seizure. R. 
hsemorrhag'icus, hemorrhagic attack or seizure. R. 
melanchol'icus, sudden and violent seizure of mel- 
ancholy. R. nervo'rum, sudden and violent nervous 
seizure; spasm or cramp. R. post-terga'neus (raptus, 
post, behind, tergum, the back), opisthotonos. 
Ra'pum. Rapa. R. ma'jus, Brassica rapa. 
Rapuntium syphiliticum, rap-un'she-um sif-il-it'- 
ik-um. Lobelia syphilitica. 
Ra'pus or Ra'pys. Rapa; Raphanus hortensis. 
Rarefaciens, rah-re-fah'se-ens (rar us, rare, thin, 
facio, to make). Medicines supposed to be possessed 
of the power of giving more bulk or extension to 
the blood or other humors. 
Rarefaction, ra-re-fak'shun. Act of rarefying or 
expanding. 
Rarefying osteitis, ra're-fi-ing os-te-e'tis. Osteitis 
in which the Haversian canals enlarge and the bone 
becomes rarefied; also called osteoporosis. 
Rarifa'ciens. Rarefaciens. 
Raritas, rar'it-as. Rarity; scantiness; fewness. 
R. den'tium, large space between the teeth, which 
appear to be, and may be, too few. 
Rascatio, ras-kah'she-o. Act of spitting. 
Rasceta, ras-sa'tah. Carpus; malleolus. R. pe'dis, 
tarsus. 
Ras'cha, Rase'ta, or Raset'ta. Carpus; malleolus. 
Rash. Exanthem. R., can'ker, see Cynanche ma- 
ligna. R., fe'ver, scarlatina. R., lich'enous, lichen. 
R., medic'inal, eruption following or dependent upon 
the administration of medicines, as the blue condi- 
tion of the skin from nitrate of silver, etc. R., mer- 
cu'rial, eczema mercuriale. R., mul'berry, see 
Typhus. R., net'tle, urticaria. R., rose, roseola. 
R., scar'let, scarlatina. R., tooth, strophulus. R., 
wild'fire, Ignis sylvaticus. 
Rasorian, raz-o're-an. Relating to Rasori, for an 
account of whose doctrines see Contro stimulus. 
Rasorism, raz-o'rizm. The Italian medical doctrine 
of controstimulus, of which Rasori was the founder. 
Rasorium, raz-o're-um (rado, rasum, to scrape). 
Raspatorium. 
Ras'pail's sed'ative wa'ter. Lotion consisting of 
camphor and ammoniac. 
Raspatorium, ras-pat-o're-um. Raspatory. Instru- 
ment used for rasping bones, to detach the perios- 
teum, in surgical operations or for anatomical pur- 
poses. 
Raspberry, raz'ber-re. Rubus idseus. R., black, 
see Rubus strigosus. R., ground, Hydrastis Canaden- 
sis. R., wild, Rubus strigosus. R. vin'egar, acetum 
rubi idsei. 
Rasp'ing. Eructation. 
Rasps. Rubus ideeus. 
Rasseta (ras-se'tah) pe'dis. Tarsus. 
Raste'ta. Carpus, malleolus. 
Rasura, raz-u'rah (rado, rasum, to scrape). Rasure, 
scratch, or erosion. Rasping or shaving of any sub- RATAFIA 
stance, as rasuree cornu cervi, hartshorn shaving^; 
scobs or shaving of metals. 
Ratafia, rat-af-e'ah. Liquor prepared by imparting 
to ardent spirits the flavor of various kinds of fruits, 
adding sugar. 
Ratanhia-tannic acid, rat-an'he-ah-tan'nik as'id. 
Form of tannic acid derived from krameria. 
Ratanhin, rat'an-hin. Alkaloid found in extract 
of rhatany root. 
Ratanhy, rat'an-he. Krameria ratanhia. R. of 
the Antilles, Krameria ixina. R. Savanil'la, Kra- 
meria ixina. 
Ratelier (rateau, rack). A set of artificial teeth. 
Rath'ke's pouch. Diverticulum pituitse. R.'s 
trabec'ulae, trabeculae cranii. 
Ratio, rah'she-o (reor, ratus, to think). Reason; 
cause; explanation; mode or manner; as ratio 
symptomatum, reason of the symptoms. R. meden'di, 
reason, mode, or manner of cure. R. symptoma'- 
tum, see Ratio. R. vic't us, dietary. 
Ration, ra'shun (ratio, proportion). Daily allow- 
ance of necessaries, especially of food to a soldier or 
sailor. Diet rations are founded on principles laid 
down under Diet, Dietary, etc., and in all civilized 
countries are in essential respects the same. They 
vary in time of peace and during active service. 
The reduction of the " marching ration " in bulk and 
weight, without impairing its nutritive power, has 
received much attention. 
Rational, rash'un-al. Conformable to reason; this 
epithet is often opposed to empirical, as rational 
treatment, which recognizes nature as the great agent 
in the cure, employing art as an auxiliary, to be re- 
sorted to when useful or necessary, and avoided when 
prejudicial. 
Rationalitas, rash-e-o-nal'it-as. Ratio. 
Rats'bane. Arsenious acid. 
Rattle, rat'l. Rale. 
Rattlebush, rat'l-bush. Sophora tinctoria. 
Rat'tlefern. Botrychium virginicum; astringent, 
vulnerary. 
Rat'tleflag. Eryngium yucesefolium. 
Rat'tle-herb. Actsea spicata. 
Rat'tles. See Relle. 
Rattlesnake, rat'l-snake. Crotalus horridus. R. 
leaf, Goodyera pubescens. R. plan'tain, Goodyera 
pubescens. R. root, Nabulus albus; Polygala senega; 
Trillium latifolium. R. weed, Hieracium venosum. 
Rattlesnake's mas'ter. Agave Virginica; Liatris 
scariosa; Nabalus albus. 
Rattleweed. Actsea racemosa. 
Ratula, rat'u-lah. Raspatorium. 
Rau, pro'cess of. Processus gracilis of the malleus. 
Rau'ber's lay'er. Stratum of flat cells found in 
primary development of membranes of blastoderma. 
Raucedo, raw-sa'do (raucus, hoarse). Hoarseness; 
change in the voice, which loses its smoothness and 
becomes low and obscure; common symptom in dis- 
eases of the larynx and trachea. R. catarrha'lis, 
hoarseness from cold. 
Raucitas, raw'sit-as. Raucedo. 
Raucous, raw'kus. Raucus. Hoarse, as a raucous 
voice. 
Rauwolfia nitlda, rau-wol'fe-ah nit'id-ah. Native 
of tropical America; root is cathartic and emetic. 
Ravaton's amputa'tion. Operation consisting of 
a circular incision down to the bone, and of a longitu- 
dinal incision on the side for obtaining flaps. 
Ravenala Madagascariensis, rav-en-arah mad-a- 
gas-kar-e-en'sis. Tree, native of Madagascar; leaves 
yield refreshing juice; seeds are edible. 
Ravensara, rav-en-sar'ah. Tree, native of Mada- 
gascar. R. aromatica has an aromatic flavor, and its 
fruit has an odor like cloves. 
Ravery, ra'ver-e. Delirium. 
Ray. Diarrhoea. R. of direction, light propa- 
gated in a straight line from a luminous point. R. 
fun'gus, actinomyces. 
Ray'naud's disease. Defined by Raynaud as a 
neurosis characterized by an exaggeration of the 
excitomotor power of the cord in presiding over the 
950 
RECEPTACULUM 
vasomotor centres. Sphaceloderma. Also paralysis 
after parotiditis. 
Ra'zor (rado, rasum, to shave). Instrument for shav- 
ing ; used, in surgery to remove hairs where they 
would interfere with any operation. 
Re (L.). In composition, back, in return, again. 
Before vowels at times, and before h and d, it becomes 
red. 
Reaching, reech'ing. Vomiturition. 
Reacquired (re-ak-kwired') move'ments. Move- 
ments restored to normal action after injury to motor 
portions of the brain. 
Reaction, re-ak'shun (re, again, ago, actum, to act). 
Action of resistance to a power applied; species of 
vital movement or excitement tending to prevent or 
destroy the effects of any noxious power applied to 
the animal economy, and which by some has been 
attributed to the vis medicatrix natures. It is certainly 
dependent on the organic instinctive actions of the 
frame. State of activity which succeeds the action on 
the nervous system of certain morbific influences. R. 
of degeneration, loss or decrease of normal reaction 
of nerves and muscles to faradic stimuli while the 
galvanic irritability of the muscles remains. R. time, 
time passing between stimulation of a nerve and a 
certain result. 
Ready (red'e) meth'od. Marshall Halt's method. 
Mode of restoring respiration in cases of apnoea, pro- 
posed by Dr. Marshall Hall; consists in placing the 
body in the prone position, making gentle pressure on 
the back, then removing the pressure and turning 
the body on its side and a little beyond, executing 
these movements sixteen times in the minute. Also 
termed the method of prone and natural respiration 
in apnoea. See Drowning, resuscitation from (for general 
plan). 
Reagent, re-a'jent. Substance used for determining 
the component parts of other substances ; a test. 
Realgar, re-al'gar. Red sulphuret of arsenic; vio- 
lent poison; see Poison. 
Reason, re'z'n. Faculty or property of the mind by 
means of which man perceives the distinction between 
right and wrong in physics • as well as in morals. 
Reason is a just conclusion resulting from the com- 
parison of two ideas by virtue of which we form a 
judgment. 
Reaumuria, ra-o-mu're-ah. Polypetalous shrubs, 
ord. Taemariscinese; leaves of R. vermiculata are used 
as an external application in itch. 
Re'aumur's scale or thermom'eter. See Heat and 
Thermometer. 
Rebo'lea or Rebo'na. Mummy; also dried faeces. 
RGcamier's caus'tic. Escharotic solution of chlo- 
ride of gold in dilute nitromuriatic acid. R.'s curette, 
instrument of a double S-shape, being graduated and 
provided with a loop at one end. 
Receiver, re-se'ver (recipio, to receive). Ampulla 
recipient. In pharmacy, a wide-necked globular ves- 
sel, whose neck widens gradually outward to receive 
the tapering beak of the retort in distillation. 
Receiving tubes of kid'ney. Uriniferous tubes 
or ducts of Bellini. 
Recepta, re-sep'tah. Prescription. 
Receptacula durae matris, re-sep-tak'u-lah du're 
mat'ris (recepto, receptatum, to receive). Sinuses of 
the dura mater. 
Receptaculum (re-sep-tak'u-lum) cerebel'li. That 
part of the squamous bone below the internal occip- 
ital protuberance and sulcus transversalis. R. chy'li, 
receptacle of the chyle. Lumbar cistern, Reservoir 
or Cistern of Pecquet. A considerable dilatation 
of the thoracic duct in front of the lumbar region 
of the vertebral column; commencement of the 
duct. R. Cotun'nii, a triangular space formed by 
a separation of the two laminae of the dura mater of 
the internal ear near the middle of the posterior sur- 
face of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where 
the aquaeductus vestibuli terminates. It is always 
filled with the fluid of Cotugno or of Cotunnius. R. 
lo'bi occipitalis, that part of the occipital bone above 
the internal occipital protuberance and sulcus trans- RECEPTARII MEDICI 
versalis. R. Pecque'ti, R. chyli. R. sel'lse equi'na 
later'ibus appos'itum, cavernous sinus. 
Receptarii medici, re-sep-tar'e-emed'e-se (receptum). 
Physicians who collect from pharmacopoeias, chem- 
ical and other works masses of receipts. 
Receptivity, re-sep-tiv'it-e (recipio, receptum, to 
receive). Susceptibility of certain organs to receive 
morbific impressions. 
Receptum, re-sep'tum. Prescription. R. acetab'- 
uli, acetabular fossa. 
Recessus, re-ses'sus. Retreat. Abscess. See Lingula 
and Sinus. R. ampulla'ceus, ampulla of bony semi- 
circular canal; see Cavitas elliptica. R. chias'matis, 
space in the third ventricle of the cerebrum between 
the chiasma and lamina terminalis. R. cochlea'ris, 
cochlear fossa. R. cona'rii, occasional hollow in 
pineal gland. R. duodenojejuna'lis, recess between 
duodenum and jejunum. R. ellip'ticus, hemi-ellip- 
tical fossa. R. epitympan'icus, pyramidal cavity in 
tympanum. R. glosso-epiglot'ticus, glosso-epiglottic 
fossa. R. hemi-ellip'ticus, hemi-elliptical fossa. R. 
hemisphser'icus, hemispherical fossa. R. hepat'ico- 
rena'lis, pocket in the peritoneum for reception of 
lobe of liver. R. ileocseca'les, ileocsecal fossae. R. 
incisi'vus, recess on the nasal septum above the an- 
terior palatine canal. R. infrapinea'lis, R. conarii. 
R. infundib'uli, continuance of third ventricle into 
infundibulum. R. infundibulifor'mis, fossa of 
Rosenmuller on the pharyngeal wall. R. jugula'ris, 
jugular fossa. R. labyrin'thi, depression leading to 
the aqueduct of the vestibule; see Crista vestibuli. R. 
laryngopharynge'us, pyramidal sinus or space con- 
tinuous with the pharynx. R. latera'lis ventric'uli, 
pouch on each side of the fourth ventricle. R. naso- 
palati'nus, infundibular recess on the nasal septum 
above the anterior palatine canal. R. occipita'lis, 
pouch in the side of the lateral ventricle of the embryo, 
developing subsequently into the posterior cornu. R. 
op'ticus, space in third ventricle between chiasma 
and lamina terminalis. R. pharynge'us, fossa of 
Rosenmuller. R. pharynge'us me'dius, pouch in 
mucous membrane of back part of pharynx in the 
middle line. R. pinea'lis, occasional hollow in pineal 
gland. R. sac'cl lacryma'lis, occasional dilatation 
forward of lacrymal sac. R. salpin'go-pharynge'us, 
occasional diverticulum into the pharynx near the 
opening of the Eustachian tube. R. sphser'icus, 
hemispherical fossa. R. sphe'no-ethmoida'lis, small 
groove above the superior turbinate bone on lateral 
walls of nasal fossae. R. Stensonia'nus, infundibular 
recess on nasal septum above the nasopalatine canal. 
R. subcseca'lis, subcaecal fossa. R. subsigmoi'deus, 
peritoneal pouch made by the mesentericomesocolic 
ligament. R. sulcifor'mis, see Fovea vestibuli. R. 
suprapinea'lis, recess between superior portion of 
pineal gland and roof of third ventricle. R. utric'- 
uli, pit at upper part of the utricle. R. vesi'cae 
urina'riae, sinus of the bladder. 
Rechamel'ca. Rachamelca. 
Recidiva morbi, re-sid-e'vah mor'be (recido, to 
fall back). Relapse. 
Recipe, res'ip-e (re, capio, to take). A Latin word 
which signifies " take," and with which prescriptions 
are commenced. It is often represented by R, R, 
and was formerly by If., the symbol of Jove. See 
Abbreviation and R. Substantively, Recipe means a 
prescription or receipt. 
Reciprocation, vibrations (re-sip-ro-ka'shun, vi- 
bra'shuns) of. See Sound. 
Reciprolaryngos'copy (reciprocus, mutual, larynx, 
skopeo, to view). A hybrid term denoting demon- 
stration of a patient's larynx to others. 
Reclinatio, rek-lin-ah'she-o. Reclination. R. pal- 
pebra'rum, ectropion. 
Reclination, rek-lin-a'shun (reclino, to bend back). 
A mode of operating for cataract, which consists 
in applying the needle in a certain manner to the 
anterior surface of the cataract, and depressing it 
into the vitreous humor in such a way that the front 
surface of the cataract is the upper and its back sur- 
face the lower one. 
951 
RECTOCOCCYGEUS 
Reclusor palpebrarum, rek-lu'sor pal-pe-brah'rum 
{recludo, reclusum, to open). Levator palpebrse supe- 
rioris. 
Reclus's disease. Cystic disease of the mammary 
gland. 
Recoil'' wave. Dicrotic wave of sphygmogram. 
Recollectionis jactura, rek-ol-lek-she-o'nis jak-tu'- 
rah. Amnesia. 
Recomposition, re-kom-po-zish'un. Reunion of 
bodies after temporary dissolution. 
Recondite, rek'on-dite. Concealed. 
Reconstitution, re-kon-ste-tu'shun. Act of forming 
anew or bringing together missing parts. 
Reconvalescentia, re-kon-val-es-sen'she-ah (re, con- 
valesco, to get well). Convalescence. 
Recordatio, re-kor-dah'she-o (recorder, to remem- 
ber). Memory. 
Recorporativus, re-kor-po-rat-e'vus (re, corporor, 
to be formed into a body). Uniting after temporary 
dissolution. See Metasyncritic. 
Recovery, re-kuv'er-e {recupero, to regain). Return 
to a normal condition. 
Recreatio, rek-re-ah'she-o (re, creo, to create). Re- 
covery. 
Recrement, rek're-ment (re, cerno, cretum, to sift). 
Dross; excrement. A humor which, after having 
been separated from the blood, is again returned to 
it, such as the saliva, the secretion of serous mem- 
branes, etc. Such fluids are said to be Recrementitial. 
Recrementa (rek-re-men'tah) (pl. of Recrementum) 
vesicse, ves-e'se. Urine. 
Recrementitial (rek-re-men-tish'al) or Recremen- 
ti'tious flu'ids. See Recrement. 
Recremento-excrementitial, rek-re-men'to-eks-kre- 
men-tish'al. Term applied to secreted fluids, as the 
saliva, bile, etc., which are in part reabsorbed and in 
part excreted. 
Recrementum, rek-re-men'tum. Recrement. 
Recrudes'cence or Recrudescentia, rek-ru-des-sen'- 
she-ah (re, crudus, raw). Increase of a disease after 
temporary remission. 
Rectal, rek'tal. Appertaining or relating to the 
rectum. R. alimenta'tion, administration of nutri- 
tive enemata. R. di'aphragm, a muscle sheet which 
occludes the rectal outlet of the pelvis, consisting of 
sphincter ani externus superficially, and a deeper 
layer, made up of levator ani and coccygeus. R. ex- 
pression, name given to an obstetrical manipulation, 
consisting of the introduction of two fingers into the 
rectum of the woman before the end of the stage of 
expulsion, and thereby helping delivery of the child. 
Rectal expression is intended to avoid laceration of 
the perineum. R. pouch'es, inflammation of, these 
pouches become inflamed, enlarged, especially in old 
people, and ulcerated. The condition is sometimes 
called encysted rectum or sacciform disease of the 
anus. R. tube, see Tube. 
Rectalgia, rek-tal'je-ah {recto, algos, pain). Hybrid 
term denoting pain in the rectum. 
Rectec'tomy {recto, ektome, excision). Hybrid term 
for excision of portion of the rectum for disease or 
malformation. 
Rectification, rek-te-fe-ka'shun {rectum, right, facio, 
to make). Operation by which certain liquids are 
purified by distilling them, either singly or after ad- 
mixture with other substances. 
Rectified, rek'tif-ide. Purified, distilled. R. oil of 
tur'pentine, oleum terebinthinse rectificatum. R. 
pyrolig'neous ac'id, acidum pyrolignosum rectifica- 
tum. R. spir'it, see Spiritus vini rectificatus. 
Rectitis, rek-te'tis. A hybrid term; properly Ar- 
chitis or Proctitis. Inflammation of the rectum. 
Recto, rek'to. In composition, relating or belong- 
ing to the rectum. 
Rectocele, rek-to-se'le (Eng. rek'to-seel) {recto, kele, 
rupture). Rectocele of the vagina, Vaginal rectocele, 
Rectovaginal hernia. Prolapse of the posterior wall of 
the vagina, constituting hernia of the rectum. 
Rectococcygeus, rek-to-kok-se-ja'us. Muscle which 
originates on the anterior surface of the second and 
third coccygeal vertebra:, and is inserted into the pos- RECTOLABIAL 
terior wall of the rectum; it draws the rectum back- 
ward. 
Rectolabial, rek-to-la'be-al. Appertaining or re- 
lating to the rectum and labium. 
Rectoscope, rek'to-skope (recto, skopeo, to see). 
Hybrid term denoting a speculum for rectal exami- 
nation. 
Rectostenosis, rek-to-sten-o'sis (recto, stenos, con- 
tracted). Stricture of the rectum. 
Rectotome, rek'to-tome (recto, tome, incision). 
Hybrid term for an instrument devised by Amussat 
for incising the rectum in cases of stricture of that 
bowel, the operation being wrongly called rectotomy. 
Rectotomy, rek-tot'o-me (recto, temno, to cut). Op- 
erative division of rectal stricture. 
Recto-urethral, rek'to-u-re'thral. Appertaining or 
relating to the rectum and urethra. 
Recto-uterine, rek'to-u'ter-in (recto, uterus). Ap- 
pertaining or relating to the rectum and uterus. 
R.-u. cul-de-sac or pouch, see Uterus. R.-u. folds, 
see Uterus. 
Rectovaginal, rek-to-vaj-i'nal. Relating or belong- 
ing to the rectum and vagina. R. cul-de-sac or 
pouch, formed by the reflection of the peritoneum 
from the upper third of the vagina to the rectum. 
R. fis'tula, preternatural communication between the 
rectum and vagina through the above septum. R. 
her'nia, rectocele. R. sep'tum is formed by the 
junction, back to back, of the rectum and vagina; it 
separates these two canals from each other. 
Rectovesical, rek-to-ves'ik-al (recto, vesica, bladder). 
Having relation to the rectum and bladder, as the 
rectovesical fold or pouch or cul-de-sac of the perito- 
neum, between the rectum and bladder. See Urinary 
bladder. R. fas'cia, Fascia recta vesicalis; portion of 
pelvic fascia covering internal surface of levator ani 
and forming ligaments of prostate gland and of the 
uterus. 
Rectum, rek'tum (rectus, straight, so called from a 
notion that it is straight, which it is not). The third 
and last portion of the large intestine. It forms the 
continuation of the sigmoid flexure of the colon, oc- 
cupies the posterior part of the pelvis, and extends 
from the left side of the sacrovertebral articulation to 
the coccyx, before which it opens outward by the ori- 
fice called the anus. It is cylindrical, but saccated, as 
it were, at its inferior portion, where it is conse- 
quently larger, and is attached to the sacrum by the 
mesorectum. Like the other portions of the canal, it 
is formed of three membranes. Toward the lower 
extremity some parallel and longitudinal wrinkles 
are observable on its inner surface. These are the 
Columns, Columnse carnese of the rectum or of Morgagni. 
They are merely folds of the mucous membrane, be- 
tween which are a number of lacunae. The arteries 
of the rectum are numerous; they proceed from the 
inferior mesenteric, hypogastric, and internal pudic, 
and are called hemorrhoidal. The veins open partly 
into the hypogastric vein, partly into the inferior 
mesenteric. The nerves proceed from the sciatic and 
hypogastric plexuses. The rectum receives the fecal 
matters as they pass from the colon, which serves as 
a reservoir for them, to be discharged at the anus. 
R., strict'ure of the, see Stricture. 
Rectus, rek'tus (straight). Term used in anatomy 
for parts that pursue a straight course. R. abdom'- 
inis, long, flat muscle, situate at the anterior part of 
the abdomen, and separated from that of the opposite 
side by the linea alba. It is attached above to the 
cartilages of the last three true ribs, and below to the 
pubis by a very strong tendon, the outer edge of 
which is continuous with the fascia transversalis. 
This muscle is enclosed in an aponeurotic sheath, 
and in its course has three or four transverse apon- 
eurotic intersections. It bends the chest on the pelvis, 
and conversely. R. abdom'inis anti'cus ma'jor, 
rectus abdominis. R. abdom'inis anti'cus mi'nor, 
pyramidalis abdominis. R. abdom'inis posti'cus, 
quadratus lumborum. R. ante'rior bre'vis, rectus 
capitis internus minor. R. ante'rior lon'gus, R. 
capitis internus major. R. cap'itis anti'cus lon'gus, 
RECURRENT 
R. capitis interims major. R. cap'itis anti'cus me'- 
dius, occasional muscle situate between the recti cap- 
itis antici muscles. R. cap'itis anti'cus min'imus, 
rectus capitis anticus medius. R. cap'itis anti'cus 
mi'nor, small muscle of the praevertebral region. R. 
cap'itis inter'nus ma'jor, long in proportion to its 
breadth, flat, and broader above than below. Situate 
at the anterior and lateral part of the neck, and 
arising from the transverse processes of the third, 
fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae, and inserted 
into the basilary process of the occipital bone. R. cap'- 
itis inter'nus mi'nor, situate more deeply than the 
last; is thin, flattened, irregularly quadrilateral, and 
passes from the anterior surface of the body of the first 
vertebra, near the origin of the transverse process, to be 
inserted into the basilary process. R. cap'itis latera'- 
lis, there is a muscle of this name on each side of the 
head; flat, quadrilateral, and passing from the trans- 
verse process of the atlas to the occiput, behind the 
jugular fossa; inclines the head to one side. R. 
cap'itis posti'cus ma'jor, flat, triangular muscle, 
situate at the posterior and superior part of the neck, 
extends from the spinous process of the second cer- 
vical vertebra to the external surface of the lower 
semicircular ridge of the occipital bone; extends the 
head, inclines it to one side, and causes it to experi- 
ence a rotary motion, which directs the face to its 
side. R. cap'itis posti'cus mi'nor, flat, triangular 
muscle, situate beneath the last, which passes from 
the posterior arch of the atlas to the occipital bone; 
extends the head; see also Rectus capitis posticus 
major. R. cap'itis posti'cus profun'dus, rectus cap- 
itis posticus minor. R. cap'itis posti'cus superfici- 
a'lis, rectus capitis posticus major. R. cap'itis pos- 
ti'cus supe'rior, rectus capitis posticus major. R. 
col'll, vertical portion of the long muscle of the neck. 
R. cru'ris, R. femoris. R. exter'nus oc'uli, all the 
recti muscles of the eye, four in number, arise from the 
bottom of the orbit and are inserted into the sclerotic 
coat of the eye. The rectus externus is divided at 
its posterior extremity into two portions, one of 
which is attached to the outer part of the foramen 
opticum, and the other to the sphenoid bone. R. 
fem'oris, a straight muscle seated at the anterior 
part of the thigh. It extends from the anterior and 
inferior spine of the ilium and the cotyloid cavity of 
the patella. It extends the leg upon the thigh, and 
conversely. It can also bend the thigh upon the pel- 
vis or carry the pelvis forward. R. infe'rior fem'- 
oris, gracilis. R. infe'rior oc'uli arises below the 
optic foramen from the sphenoid bone; depresses the 
eye. R. inter'nus ma'jor, R. capitis internus major. 
R. inter'nus mi'nor, R. capitis internus minor. R. 
inter'nus oc'uli arises from the sphenoid at the in- 
ferior part of the foramen opticum; turns the eye 
toward the nose. R. la'bii, compressor labii. R. 
latera'lis, R. capitis lateralis. R. latera'lis acces- 
so'rius, atlanticomastoideus. R. latera'lis Fallo'pii, 
R. capitis lateralis. R. latera'lis oc'uli, rectus exter- 
nus oculi. R. ma'jor, R. capitis posticus major. R. 
media'lis, rectus internus. R. media'lis oc'uli, rec- 
tus internus oculi. R. mi'nor, R. capitis posticus 
minor. R. oc'uli, see R. externus oculi, R. inferior 
oculi, R. lateralis oculi, R. medialis oculi, and R. supe- 
rior oculi. All the recti muscles are concerned in the 
voluntary motions of the eye. R. poste'rior, funnel- 
shaped muscle which retracts the eyeball. R. ster'- 
nalis, sternalis muscle. R. supe'rior oc'uli is at- 
tached to the circumference of the foramen opticum. 
R. thora'cis, extension of rectus abdominis upon the 
thorax. R. thora'cis superficia'lis, sternalis muscle. 
Recubitorium, re-ku-bit-o're-um (recumbo, recubi- 
tum, to recline). A long chair or seat in which one 
can assume a reclining position. 
Recuperation, re-ku-per-a'shun (recupero, recupera- 
tum, to recover). Return of diseased organs to their 
normal condition; recovery of strength and health. 
Recu'perative or Recu'peratory. Restorative; 
recovering; belonging to recovery. 
Recurrent, re-kur'rent (recurro, to run back). 
Name given to several arterial and nervous branches 
952 RECURVATIO 
which seem to reascend toward the origin of the 
trunk whence they emanate; also to a disease that 
relapses-a recurrent tumor, for example. R. ar'- 
teries, this name has been given to several ar- 
teries of the forearm and to one of the leg. In the 
forearm there are-1, the radial recurrent, which 
arises from the superior part of the radial and 
ascends between the supinator longus, supinator 
brevis, and brachialis internus; 2, the anterior cubital 
recurrent arises from the upper and inner part of 
the cubital and ascends between the pronator teres 
and brachialis internus; 3, the posterior cubital re- 
current arises from the preceding artery or from the 
cubital itself, and ascends between the olecranon and 
internal tuberosity of the humerus; 4, the posterior 
radial recurrent, which arises from the posterior inter- 
osseous and ascends between the posterior cubital 
and anconeus muscles. In the leg the recurrent 
tibial is furnished by the anterior tibial, and ascends 
to the tibialis anticus muscle. R. artic'ular nerve, 
branch from external popliteal nerve to knee-joint. 
R. band' ages are formed by convolutions of band- 
ages, which make a kind of cap for the part-as the 
head-to which they are applied. R. branch of in- 
fe'rior max'illary nerve, branch of lower division 
of inferior maxillary nerve. R. branch of supe'rior 
max'illary nerve, recurrent superior maxillary nerve; 
branch of superior maxillary nerve to middle fossa 
of skull. R. chorioid'al or choroi'dal ar'teries, re- 
current superior maxillary arteries. R. fe'ver, see 
Relapse. R. larynge'al nerve, inferior laryngeal 
nerve. R. nerves of dor'sal, branches of spinal 
nerves to vertebrae and adjacent parts. R. sensibil'- 
ity, see Vertebral nerves. R. stric'ture, see Stricture. 
Recurva'tio (re, curvus, crooked). See Hump. 
Recutitus, rek-u-te'tus (re, back, cutis, skin). One 
whose prepuce does not cover the glans; one who is 
circumcised. 
Red ant. Formica rufa. R. bane'berry, root of 
Acetata rubra; violent purgative; dose, of fluid ex- 
tract, rrbv-x. R. bark, red cinchona. R. bay, Persea 
Carolinensis; indigenous; has edible fruit; leaves 
are pectoral and vulnerary, seeds astringent. R. 
bean, Abrus precatorius. R. berry, Arbutus uva 
ursi; gaultheria; Panax quinquefolium. R. berry, 
blt'ter, Cornus florida. R. berry, swamp, Vac- 
cinium oxycoccus. R. buck'eye, JEsculus pavia. R. 
bud, Cercis Canadensis. R. cab'bage, Brassica olera- 
cea rubra. R. ce'dar, Juniperus Virginiana. R. 
cen'taury, Sabbatia angularis. R. chalk, native 
hydrated aluminium silicate. R. chick'weed, Ana- 
gallis arvensis. R. cincho'na, Cinchona rubra. R. 
clo'ver, Trifolium pretense. R. cor'al, see Coral. 
R. cur'rants, Grossularia rubra. R. elm, Ulmus 
fulva. R. gown, see Strophulus. R. gum, see Stroph- 
ulus. R. head, Asclepias curassavica. R. 1'odide of 
mer'cury, mercuric iodide. R. lead, plumbi oxi- 
dum rubrum. R. mailk'es, Papaver rhoeas. R. nu'- 
cleus, reddish-gray nerve-cells in tegmentum of 
brain. R. oil, oleum hyperici. R. o'sier, Cornus 
sericea. R. ox'ide of mer'cury, hydrargyri oxydum 
rubrum. R. pep'per, powdered capsicum. R. phos'- 
phorus, amorphous phosphorus. R. pop'py pet'als, 
Ehceados petala. R. precip'itate, hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydum. R. prus'siate of pot'ash, potas- 
sium ferricyanide. R. puccoon', Sanguinaria Can- 
adensis. R. rod, Cornus sericea. R. root, celas- 
trus, Lachnanthes tinctoria; Sanguinaria Canadensis. 
R. rose, Eosa Gallica. R. san'dal-wood, red saunders. 
R. saun'ders, Santalum rubrum. R. shanks, Polygo- 
nia Persicaria. R. sol'dier, erysipelas. R. sul'phide 
of mer'cury, mercuric sulphide. R. tar'tar, crude 
potassium bitartrate. R, weed, Phytolacca decaudra. 
Red-green blind'ness. Form of color-blindness in 
which varieties of red and green cannot be made out. 
Redibia, red-ib'e-ah. Paronychia. 
Redlmic'ulum (chaplet). Bandage for the head. 
Redintegration, red-in-te-gra'shun (re, integer, en- 
tire). Regeneration; restoration of strength after 
disease or fatigue. 
Red-Riv'er snake'root. Aristolochia reticulata. 
953 
REFLEX 
Reds (from the color). Menses. 
Reduced' eye. The two nodal points of the re- 
fractive system are taken as one, and also the two 
principal points. R. i'ron, ferrum redactum. 
Reductio, re-duk'she-o (reduco, to bring back). Re- 
duction ; taxis. R. praepu'tii impedi'ta, phimosis. 
Reduction, re-duk'shun. Surgical operation re- 
storing displaced parts to their original situation, as 
in the case of a fracture. The reduction of a hernia 
is the restoration of the protruded parts to the cavity 
of the abdomen; this is also called taxis. In phar- 
macy, the process of restoring oxides, chlorides, sul- 
phurets, etc. to the metallic state. 
Redundantia, re-dun-dan'she-ah (re, unda, wave). 
Plethora. 
Reduplication, re-du-ple-ka'shun. Redoubling, as in 
paroxysms of an intermittent when its type is doubled. 
Reduvia, red-u've-ah. Paronychia. 
Redux, re'duks. Term signifying the return of 
certain physical signs in physical examination after 
their absence during disease; generally accompany- 
ing crepitation in pneumonia and friction in pleurisy 
and pericarditis. 
Red-water tree. See Sassy bark. 
Reed mace. Typha latifolia. 
Reef-knot. Sailor's knot, for ligating arteries. 
Refectio, re-fek'she-o (reficio, refectum, to restore). 
Restoration. 
Refectiva, re-fek-te'vah. Restoratives. 
Refectus, re-fek'tus. Restoration to health. 
Reficientia, re-fis-e-en'she-ah. Restoratives. 
Reflect'ed ten'don of rec'tus. Tendon taking its 
origin immediately above the acetabulum. 
Reflec'tio. Reflection. R. palpebra'rum, ectropion. 
Reflection, re-flek'shun (re, flecto, flexum, to bend). 
Bending or turning back; duplicature; the act of 
turning the mind back on its actions, so as to consti- 
tute contemplation or deliberation. Bending or turn- 
ing backward of a ray of light. 
Reflector epiglottidis, re-flek'tor ep-e-glot'tid-is. 
Muscle arising from the arytenoid cartilage and 
inner part of the thyroid, and inserted into the 
lateral edges of the epiglottis. 
Reflex, re'fleks (same etymon as Reflection). Term 
applied to an action which consists in the reflection 
by an efferent nerve of an impression conveyed to a 
nervous centre by an afferent nerve; hence reflex 
movement, reflex paralysis, etc. A reflex action is 
generally regarded to be one executed without con- 
sciousness. R., abdom'inal, see Reflex, superficial. R., 
Achil'les ten'don, rhythmic series of clonic spasms 
or contractions of gastrocnemius muscle at the an- 
kle-joint, while the manipulator maintains tension of 
the tendo Achillis. R., aud'itory, R. caused by irri- 
tation of auditory nerve. R., chin, movement of chin 
from blow on the jaw. R., chok'ing, R. produced by 
tickling the pharynx. R., ciliospi'nal, see Centre, 
ciliospinal. R., cra'nial, see Reflex, superficial. R.,cre- 
mas'teric, see Reflex, superficial. R., crossed, R. on 
side opposite to that originally impressed. R., cuta'- 
neous, muscular action induced by irritation of the 
cutaneous sensory nerves, and not having its origin in 
central irritation. In some nervous diseases there is 
increase of reflex action ; in others, diminution. The 
abdominal reflex is a variety of cutaneous reflex, 
and the cremasteric reflex is another (see table). 
R., deep, the deep reflexes include several forms, 
as the patellar-tendon reflex or reaction, knee-phe- 
nomenon or knee-jerk (see Knee-jerk), ankle-clonus 
or Achilles-tendon reaction or reflex, toe-clonus, 
wrist-clonus, etc. R., epigas'tric, see Reflex, super- 
ficial. R., erec'tor spi'nae, see Reflex, superficial. 
R. func'tion, function due to reflex action. R., glu- 
te'al, see Reflex, superficial. R. jaw-jerk, see Jaiv-jerk 
and R„ chin. R., knee, knee-jerk. R. move'ments, 
see Motion. R. neuro'sis, nervous condition due to 
irritation in a distant part. R., pal'mar, see Reflex, 
superficial. R., patel'lar-ten'don, knee-jerk. R., 
pharynge'al, R., choking. R., plan'tar, see Reflex, 
superficial. R., reinforced', see Reinforcement. R., 
scap'ular, see Reflex, superficial. R. spasm, spasm REFLUX 
limited to area of particular nerves, from lesion situ- 
ated in afferent fibres. R., spi'nal, see R., superficial, 
and Motion. R., superficial, reflexes excited by stim- 
ulation of the skin and accessible mucous membranes. 
The tests for estimating their various degrees are tick- 
ling, pricking, pinching, or gently scratching the sur- 
face, or the application of the faradic current to the 
surface by means of dry electrodes or the faradic 
brush. The following table (after Ross) exhibits the 
different forms of superficial reflexes: 
954 
REGIO 
Refraction, re-frak'shun ( re, frango, fractum, to 
break). Change of direction which rays of light ex- 
perience when they pass obliquely from one medium 
into another of different density. If the light passes 
from a rarer to a denser medium, it approaches the 
perpendicular raised at the point of immersion. The 
contrary occurs when it goes from a denser to a rarer 
medium. The theory of lenses, telescopes, and of the 
eye rests entirely on this property of light. R., 
double, property of certain transparent minerals; 
double image of an object being due to division of 
light, as by means of Iceland spar. R., dynam'ic, 
refraction of the eye as increased in accommodation. 
R. er'rors, deficiency in producing a perfect image 
upon the retina, due to ametropia. R. in'dex, re- 
fractive power of substances in comparison to that 
of air. R., stat'ic, refraction of the eye when entire 
relaxation of accommodation is present. 
Refractive, re-frak'tiv. Relating to refraction. 
Refractometer, re-frak-tom'e-tur. Instrument for 
measuring refraction of the eye. 
Refracture, re-frak'ture. Term applied to the 
fracture by the surgeon of bones already broken 
which have been badly united, etc. 
Refrangibility, re-fran-je-bil'it-e (refringo, to re- 
fract). Possessing the property of being refrangible, 
as the disposition of rays of light to be turned out of 
a direct course in passing into a denser or rarer 
medium. 
Refrangible, re-fran'je-b'l (refringo, to refract). 
Possessing the property of being refracted. 
Refrigerants, re - frij - e-rants (re, frigus, cold). 
Medicines which depress the morbid temperature of 
the body. Several articles of the materia medica are 
reputed to be good refrigerants, but the best are 
chiefly the abstraction of caloric by ice and iced 
drinks, cold water, cold lemonades, soda-water, and 
effervescing draughts internally, and externally cool 
air, cold water, evaporating lotions, and frigorific 
mixtures. 
Regeneration, re-jen-e-ra'shun (re, genero, to be- 
get). Reproduction of a part of the body which has 
been destroyed, as the skin, nerves, etc. See Nerves, 
regeneration of. 
Re'gent's oint'ment. Unguentum ophthalmicum, 
an ointment of impure oxide of zinc. 
Regia aqua, re'je-ah ak'wah. Nitromuriatic acid. 
Regimen, rej'im-en (rego, to govern). Rational 
and methodical use of food and of everything essen- 
tial to life, both in a state of health and disease. It 
is often restricted in its meaning to diet, and some- 
times used synonymously with hygiene. Under proper 
regime and systematic sanitation measures and reg- 
ulations are framed to prevent the development and 
propagation of diseases reputed to be pestilential, es- 
pecially plague, yellow fever, and cholera. 
Regiminal, rej-im'in-al (regimen). Relating or ap- 
pertaining to regimen, as regiminal treatment or 
treatment by regimen. 
Regina prati, rej-e'nah prah'te (queen of the 
meadow). Spiraea ulmaria. 
Regio, ra'je-o. Region. R. auricula'ris, region of 
the ear. R. bucca'lis, region of the cheek. R. car- 
di'aca, epigastric region. R. cervica'lis, region of 
the neck; cervical region. R. epigas'trica, epigas- 
trium. R. facia'lis, facial region. R. fronta'lis, 
frontal region. R. gas'trica, umbilical region. R. 
hypochondri'aca, each lateral and superior region 
of the abdomen is so called. R. hypogas'trica, 
see Hypogastrium. R. hypogas'trica latera'lis, ingui- 
nal region. R. ili'aca, iliac region. R. infraclavic- 
ula'ris, infraclavicular region. R. infrahyoi'dea, 
carotid triangles of neck considered as a whole. R. 
infra-inguina'lis, infra-inguinal region. R. infra- 
mamma'lis, inframammary region. R. inframaxil- 
la'ris, inframaxillary region. R. inguina'lis, inguinal 
region. R. ischiad'ica, ischiadic region. R. juga'- 
lis, jugal region. R. jugula'ris, the two inferior 
carotid triangles considered as a whole. R. lumba'lis, 
lumbi. R. mammilla'ris, mammary region. R. me- 
dia'na col'li, trigonum colli medianum. R. menta'- 
The Superficial Reflexes. 
Reflexes. 
Consists of a contraction of the abdomi- 
nal muscles, chiefly the rectus, caused 
by stroking the skin on the side of the 
abdomen from the edge of the ribs 
downward, and requires the integrity 
of the arc through the nerves from the 
eighth to the twelfth dorsal nerves. 
Description. 
Abdominal . . 
The chief reflexes of the cranial nerves 
are the contraction of the palatal mus- 
cles caused by irritation of the fauces, 
the facial contortions caused by irrita- 
tion of the fifth nerve, the sneezing and 
lacrymation caused by irritation of 
the mucous membrane of the nose, the 
cough caused by irritation of the mu- 
cous membrane of the larynx, the 
closure of the eyelids caused by irrita- 
tion of the conjunctiva, and the reflex 
contraction of the iris caused by light. 
For deep reflexes, see Reflex, deep. 
Cranial . . . . 
Cremasteric . . 
By it the testicle is drawn up when the 
skin on the inner side of the thigh is 
stimulated, demanding the integrity of 
the first and second pairs of lumbar 
nerves. 
Produces a dimpling of the epigastrium 
on the side stimulated. It is induced 
by stimulation of the side of the chest 
in the sixth, fifth, and sometimes fourth, 
intercostal spaces. This dimpling proba- 
bly depends upon contraction of the 
highest fibres of the rectus abdominis, 
and its presence requires the integrity 
of the cord from the fourth to the sixth 
or seventh pairs of dorsal nerves. 
Epigastric . . 
Consists of a local contraction of these 
muscles, caused by stimulation of the 
skin along their edge from the angle of 
the scapula to the iliac crest, and de- 
mands the integrity of the reflex arcs 
in the dorsal region of the spinal cord. 
Erector spinal. 
Consists of contraction of the gluteal 
muscles caused by stimulating the skin 
over the buttock, and depends upon the 
integrity of the loops through the fourth 
and fifth lumbar nerves. 
Gluteal . . . . 
Consists of a contraction of the flexors 
of the fingers induced by tickling the 
palm of the hand. It requires the in- 
tegrity of the reflex arcs through the 
greater part of the cervical enlarge- 
ment. This reflex is not readily in- 
duced during waking hours and conse- 
quent cerebral activity, probably be- 
cause the hand is much more under 
cerebral influence than the foot. Dur- 
ing sleep, however, and in young in- 
fants, when the cerebral influence is 
suspended or not yet fully established, 
this reflex is as readily induced as the 
reflex of the sole of the foot. 
Palmar . . . . 
Plantar .... 
Obtained by tickling the sole of the foot, 
and depending upon the integrity of 
the reflex loops through the lower end 
of the cord (conus medullaris). 
Consists of a contraction of some, or 
nearly all, of the scapular muscles ac- 
cording to its degree, and demands the 
integrity of the cord at the level of the 
upper two or three dorsal and lower 
two or three cervical nerves. 
Scapular . . . 
R. system of nerves, see Excitomotory and. Nerve. R. 
ten'don, muscle reflex action; myotatic contraction; 
see Reflex, deep. R. time, time intervening between 
stimulation of sensory nerve and the manifestation 
of motor symptoms. R., toe, R. affecting toe, foot, 
leg, and thigh, resulting from flexion of the great 
toe while patient is supine with his legs extended. 
Reflux, re'fluks (re, fluo, to flow). Return of blood 
from the head or from the extremities to the heart. REGION 
lis, mental region. R. mesogas'trica, umbilical re- 
gion. R. nasa'lis, nasal region. R. nu'chae, nuchal 
region. R. nucha'lls, nuchal region. R. occipita'- 
lis, occiput. R. occipitalis infe'rior, nuchal region. 
R. olfacto'ria, see Locus luteus. R. perinae'i, peri- 
neum. R. prsecordi'aca, precordial region. R. 
pu/bis, pubic region. R. retromaxilla'ris, fossa 
parotidea. R. spina'lis, spinal region. R. sterno- 
cleido-mastoi'dea, sterno-cleido-mastoid region. R. 
stomacha'lis, epigastric region. R. stomach'ica, 
epigastric region. R. subauricula'ris, depression be- 
low the ear. R. temporalis, temple. R. umbilica'- 
lis, umbilical region. 
Region, re'jun (rego, to direct). Determinate spaces 
on the surface of the body or of different organs. 
Thus, the abdomen has been divided into several re- 
gions, to which different names have been given. See 
Regia, and also Abdomen, Epigastrium, Hypochondrium, 
Hypogastrium. R. of Bro'ca, Broca's convolution. 
Re'gional. Relating to a region. R. anat/omy, 
topographical anatomy; see Anatomy. 
Register, rej'is-ter. Series of tones having the 
identical quality produced by a certain adjustment of 
the chordae vocales. 
Regius, re'je-us (rex, king). Term given to certain 
forms of jaundice. 
Regression, re-gres'shun (regredior, to go back). A 
going backward, degeneration. 
Regressive, re-gres'iv. Passing back. R. pa- 
ral'ysis, acute spinal paralysis. 
Regular, reg'u-lar (regula, rule). According to rule. 
Applied to the types of a disease, and to the pulse 
when according to rule. R. practitioner, one who 
practises his profession according to the rules estab- 
lished by law or professional custom, and according 
to a rational system of therapeutics. 
Regulator ra'dii. Supinator longus. 
Regulus, reg'u-lus (dim. of Rex, king). Pure 
metal. One reduced from its ore. R. antimo'nii, 
antimonium. 
Regurgitation, re-gur-je-ta'shun (re, gurges, gulf; a 
glutton). Act by which a canal or reservoir throws 
back substances accumulated in it. Mitral regurgi- 
tation means the reflux of blood through the left 
auriculoventricular opening during the contraction 
of the left ventricle. Regurgitation is also applied to 
the puking or possetting of infants, and to the rising 
of solids or fluids into the mouth in the adult. Vomit- 
ing at pleasure is regurgitation. 
Reichert's car'tilage. Cartilage appearing during 
embryonic life in the hyoid arch, which later on be- 
comes the styloid process, the stylohyoid ligaments, 
and the cornua minora of the hyoid bone. R.'s 
mem'brane, Bowman's membrane. 
Reichmann's disease. Permanent gastric hyper- 
secretion, followed by ulcer. 
Reid's meth'od. Method of reducing dislocations 
of the femur by manipulation. Also applied to the 
treatment of aneurism by means of Esmarch's band- 
age. 
Reil, island of. Insula cerebri. R., mod'erator 
band of, one of the column® carnese passing from the 
interventricular septum to the yielding wall in the 
right ventricle. 
Reimplantation, re-im-plan-ta'shun. Replacing 
within its socket of a tooth which has been extracted. 
Reinfection, re-in-fek'shun. Infection occurring a 
second time or subsequently by the same agent. 
Reinforcement, fasciculus of, re-in-fors'ment, fas- 
ik'u-lus. A band of fibres from the corpus innomina- 
tum or lateral part of the antero-lateral column of 
the medulla, continued up behind and around the 
corpus olivare; lined on its inner or central surface 
with cineritious substance. It enlarges as it ascends, 
passes over the upper surface of the pons Varolii, and 
is expanded into the optic thalamus. It thus forms, 
in its course, the anterior paries of the fourth ventri- 
cle. It has received its name owing to its constantly 
increasing as it ascends, and being mixed up with 
gray matter on its inner face, from which it seems to 
derive new fibres. R. of reflexes, heightened myo- 
955 
REMISSION 
tatic irritability when muscular actions or stimuli 
act at the same time together on different parts than 
that embraced in the reflex circle. 
Reinfusion (re-in-fu'zhun), mode of. A form of 
transfusion of blood, which consists in collecting 
blood lost by the patient and injecting it into his 
veins. 
Reinoculation, re-in-ok-u-la'shun. Inoculation 
occurring a second time. 
Reins, rains (renes, kidneys). Kidneys; lumbi. 
Reinsch's test. Test for arsenic with HC1 and 
copper, a gray deposit of arsenic being deposited on 
the copper. 
Reissner's mem'brane. Fine connective tissue in 
the internal ear which divides the vestibular passage 
from the duct of the cochlea. See Lamina denticulata. 
Rejectio, re-jek'she-o (rejicio, rejectum, to cast back). 
Every excretion by the mouth-spitting, expectora- 
tion, regurgitation, or vomiting. R. san'guinis e 
pulmon'ibus, haemoptysis. 
Rejuvenescence, re-ju-ven-es'sence (re, juvenescens, 
growing young). A renewal of youth; the state of 
being young again ; thS assumption of the character- 
istics of youth by the aged. 
Relapse, re-laps' (re, labor, lapsus, to fall back). 
The return of a disease during, or shortly after, con- 
valescence. The terms relapsing or recurrent fever, 
short fever, five-day fever, seven-day fever, seven- 
teen-day fever, Irish famine fever, typhinia, synocha, 
famine typhus, famine fever, bilious remittent fever, 
remitting icteric fever, and mild yellow fever, typhus 
or febris recurrens or recidiva, hunger pest, have 
been given to a form of continued fever which has 
occasionally appeared epidemically, as in Edinburgh 
in 1843 and 1847, and afterward in some portions of 
the United States, and was generally attended with 
icteric symptoms. The main phenomena disappear 
at about the end of a week, but in many cases a re- 
lapse occurs about the end of a fortnight. Few die 
of the affection. 
Relapsing (re-lap'sing) fe'ver. See Relapse. 
Relatio, re-lah'she-o (re, fero, latum, to carry). 
Deposition made by a medical man to prove the con- 
dition of a person, nature of a disease, etc. 
Relation, functions of, re-la'shun, funk'shuns. See 
Function. 
Relax'ant (re, laxo, to loosen). Medicine diminish- 
ing the tension of organs. Mucilaginous and fatty 
substances are relaxants. 
Relaxantia, re-laks-an'she-ah. Emollients. 
Relaxatio, re-laks-ah'she-o. Relaxation. R. cor'- 
dis et arteria'rum, diastole. 
Relaxation. In physiology, relaxation is opposed 
to contraction; in pathology it means great looseness 
of a part. 
Religious (re-lij'us) diseases. Diseases affecting 
the nervous system, and arising from the excitement 
of religious emotions. See Convulsionnaire. 
Remak', band of (after Remak, the German physi- 
ologist). Axis-cylinder. R., fi'bres of, see Fibres of 
Remak. R., gan'glion of, intramural ganglion of 
auricle of frog's heart. 
Remansio mensium, re-man'se-o men'se-um (re, 
maneo, to stay). Amenorrhoea. 
Reme'dial or Remediate, rem-e'de-ate. Medicinal. 
Remediless, rem'ed-e-less. Incurable. 
Remedium, rem-ed'e-um (re, medeor, to heal). 
Medicament. R. dentifric'ium, dentifrice. 
Remedy, rem'e-de. Medicament. R., Eng'lish, 
cinchona. 
Remijia, rem-ij'e-ah. Named after a surgeon, Re- 
mijo, who substituted its bark for cinchona. Small 
trees or shrubs in Brazil, having resemblance to the 
cinchonas, ord. Rubiaceae. R. pedunculata and R. 
Purdiana furnish cuprea bark. 
Remissio, re-mis'se-o (re, mitto, missum, to send). 
Decline; remission. R. cor'dis et arteria'rum, dias- 
tole. R. mor'bi,. remission. R. vir'ium, atony. 
Remission, re-mish'un. In a more extensive sig- 
nification, a temporary diminution of the symptoms 
of a disease, either acute or chronic. Diminution in REMITTENS 
the febrile symptoms, as in remittent fever between 
the exacerbations. 
Remittens, re-mit'tens. Remittent. R. ictero'- 
des, fever, yellow. 
Remittent (re-mit'tent) or Remitting. Any dis- 
ease which presents remissions. R. fe'ver, variously 
called exacerbating, paroxysmal, subcontinual, en- 
demic, endemial, or endemical fever. One which 
strikingly exacerbates and remits, but without inter- 
mission. Ordinary bilious fever of the United States 
is a simple remittent. Remittent fevers frequently 
vary in severity with the climate, being more fatal in 
tropical regions on account of complications, as cere- 
bral derangement, irritable stomach, etc. R. fe'ver, 
bil'ious, remittent fever; see Relapse. R. fe'ver of 
chil'dren, fever, infantile remittent. 
Remitting icteric (re-mit'ting ik'ter-ik) fe'ver. 
See Relapse. 
Remora, rem'o-rah (re, mora, delay). Stoppage, 
stagnation, as of blood. Name given to two surgical 
instruments intended to retain parts in situ. One was 
used formerly in castration, tq prevent the intestines 
from protruding at the inguinal ring; the other, 
remora Hildani, was employed to maintain fractures 
and luxations reduced. R. ara'tri, Ononis spinosa. 
R. Hilda'ni, see Remora. 
Ren. Kidney. R. mo'bilis, movable kidney. R. 
unguifor'mis, horseshoe kidney. 
Re'nal (ren). Relating to the kidney. R. al'tera- 
tives, see Alteratives. R. ap'oplexy, hemorrhage into 
the renal substance. R. ar'teries, Emulgent arteries, 
are very large and short, and commonly two in num- 
ber-one to each kidney. They arise from the sides 
of the abdominal aorta, forming with it a right angle. 
The left is commonly a little more anterior and ele- 
vated than the right. After a short course they ar- 
rive at the fissure of the kidney, where they divide, 
before entering it, into three or four very considera- 
ble branches. R. cal'culus, calculus in the kidney or 
its pelvis. R. cap'sule, see Capsule, renal. R. gan'- 
glia, ganglia of small size in the renal plexus. R. 
glands, suprarenal capsules. R. nerve, see Splanchnic 
nerves. R. plethysmom'eter, see Oncometer. R. plex'- 
uses, Emulgent plexuses. These are two, one on each 
side. They proceed from fasciculi of the solar and 
cceliac plexuses; from the outer side of the semilunar 
ganglion and the final expansion of the small splanch- 
nic nerves. These plexuses begin by three or four 
ganglions, situate at the commencement of the renal 
artery, and they give off from their circumference 
many fine, straight filaments, which do not anasto- 
mose, and which enter the kidney with the divisions 
of the renal artery. These divisions they accompany. 
R. veins, Emulgent veins, are very large. Their roots 
follow the same course as the arteries in the substance 
of the kidney. In the fissure or pelvic portion of the 
kidney they unite into a single trunk, which passes 
transversely inward and opens at the side of the vena 
cava descendens. 
Ren'chus (renchos). Snoring; stertor. 
Renculine, ren'ku-leen. Albuminoid principle of 
the suprarenal capsules. 
Renculus, ren'ku-lus (dim. of Ren). Small kidney; 
lobe of the kidney. 
Ren'dering (as lard). See Adeps prseparatus. 
Reneal'mia exalta'ta (after F. and M. L. Rene- 
aulme, botanical writers of France). Plant of British 
Guiana, possessed of diaphoretic and diuretic proper- 
ties, and, in large doses, emetic; much used there in 
dropsy, rheumatism, dysentery, etc. The bruised 
rhizome is the part employed. 
Re'nes (ra'naze) (pl. of Ren) loba'ti. Condition of 
kidneys resembling lobes, observed in new-born in- 
fants. R. succenturiat'i (succenturio, to substitute or 
recruit), renal capsules. R. succenturiat'i accesso'- 
rii, accessory suprarenal capsules. 
Reniculus, ren-ik'u-lus (dim. of Ren). Renculus. 
Reniform, ren'e-form (ren, former, shape). Neph- 
roid or kidney-shaped. 
Renitent, ren'it-ent (renitor, to strive or struggle 
against). Resisting pressure. 
956 
REPURGATIO 
Rennet, ren'net ([G.] gerinnen, to coagulate). Run- 
net. When the fourth stomach or abomasus of the 
calf is salted and dried, it possesses the property of 
coagulating milk when a portion of it is soaked in 
water and the infusion, rennet, added to milk. R. 
whey, see Serum lactis. 
Renovation, ren-o-va'shun (re, novo, novatum, to 
make new). Renovation or renewal, as of the blood 
by the chyliferous vessels and lymphatics. 
Rensselaeria Virginica, rens-sa-lar'e-ah vir-jin'ik- 
ah (after General Van Rensselaer of Albany). Pel- 
tandra Virginica. 
Renuens, ren'u-ens (renuo, to deny by a motion of 
the head). Rectus capitis internus minor. 
Renulus, ren'u-lus (dim. of Ren). Small kidney; 
lobe of the kidney. 
Re'num aton'ia. Atony of the kidney. R. paral'- 
ysis, atony of the kidney. 
Renunciatio, re-nun-se-ah'she-o (re, nuncio, nuncia- 
tum, to tell). Deposition made by a medical man to 
prove the condition of a person, nature of a disease, 
etc. 
Renunculi succenturiati, ren-unk'u-le suc-sen-tu- 
re-at'e (dim. of Ren). See Capsule, renal. 
Repandatio, rep-an-dah'she-o (repandus, bent 
backward). Curvature of bones in general, particu- 
larly of the vertebral column forward. 
Reparation, rep-a-ra'shun (re, paro, paratum, to 
set in order). Recovery; restoration to health. 
Reparative, re-par'a-tiv. Reparatory. Having the 
power of restoring or repairing. 
Repellen'tia. Repellents. 
Repellents, re-pel'lents (re, pello, to drive). Re- 
percussives. Medicines which, when applied to a 
tumefied part, cause the fluids that render it tumid 
to recede, as it were, from it. Astringents, cold 
water, ice, etc. are repellents. 
Repercolation, re-pur-ko-la'shun. Repeated per- 
colation of the same menstruum to fresh parts of the 
substance to be percolated. 
Repercussion, re-per-kush'un. Disappearance of a 
tumor or cutaneous eruption in consequence of the 
application of a repellent. The action of a repellent 
remedy. Contraflssure. Ballottement. Much un- 
necessary apprehension has existed in regard to re- 
pelling, or driving in, as it is called, different morbid 
affections-gout and cutaneous eruptions, for example. 
Repercussives, re-per-kus'sivs. Repellents. 
Repercutientia, re-pur-ku-she-en'she-ah. Repel- 
lents. 
Repletion, rep-le'shun (re, again, pleo, to fill). Ful- 
ness; plethora. 
Replication, rep-le-ka'shun (replico, to fold back). 
Turning back of a part so as to make a duplication. 
Reposition, re-po-zish'un (re, pono,positum, to place). 
Reduction; taxis. 
Repositor, re-poz'it-or (re, pono, positum, to place). 
Instrument intended to replace the uterus in its 
proper position in case of displacement. 
Rep'rimens (re, premo, to press). Diminishing, as 
the amount of a secretion. 
Reproduction, re-pro-duk'shun (re, produco, pro- 
ductum, to bring forth). Function by which living 
bodies produce bodies similar to themselves. See 
Generation. As a general remark, it will be found 
true that the larger animals are uniparous, and the 
smaller, which are more exposed to destruction, 
multiparous. 
Reproductive, re-pro-duk'tiv (re, produco, to bring 
forth). Relating to reproduction. R. func'tion, power 
of begetting. R. or'gans, organs by which the beget- 
ting of offspring is effected. See Generative organs. 
Reproductivitas, re-pro-duk-tiv'it-as. Capability 
of reproducing. 
Repullulation, re-pul-u-la'shun (repullulo, to sprout 
again). Term used to designate the return of a mor- 
bid growth. 
Repulsorium, re-pul-so're-um (re, pello, pulsum, to. 
drive). Punch. 
Repurgatio, re-pur-gah'she-o (re, purgo, purgatum 
to cleanse). Purgation by transpiration or by expec REQUIES 
toration. Medicines producing this effect are called 
Repurgantia. 
Requies, rek'we-ees (re, quies, rest). Acinesia. 
Requietio, rek-we-a'she-o (re, quiesco, quietum, to 
become at rest). Acinesia. 
Res contra naturam, res kon'trah nat-u'ram 
(things against nature). Things tending to destroy 
man, as disease and everything connected with it. 
R. culina'ria, culinary art. R. med'ica, medicine. 
R. natura'les (natural things), things which, by their 
union, were conceived to constitute the nature of 
man, such as the elements, temperaments, humors, 
spirits, etc. R. non-natura'les (things not natural), 
things which anciently formed the matter of hygiene; 
see Non-naturals. R. vene'rea, coition. R. vestia'ria, 
clothing. 
Resalga'tum. Realgar. 
Resectio, re-sek'she-o. Resection. R. articulo'- 
rum, see Resection. 
Resection, re-sek'shun (reseco, resectum, to cut off). 
Act of cutting or paring off. Name given, especially 
by the French surgeons, to operations in which the 
carious extremities of long bones, or the unconsoli- 
dated extremities of fractured bones forming irregu- 
lar joints, are removed with the saw. Excision of 
part of a bone, nerve, etc. 
Reseda crispata, res-e'dah kris-pat'ah (reseda, to 
calm or assuage). R. luteola. R. lanceola'ta, R. 
luteola. R. lute'ola, Luteola, Weld, Dyer's weed; Eu- 
ropean plant naturalized in the United States, at one 
time used as a diaphoretic and diuretic. 
Reserans, res'e-rans (resero, to open). Aperient. 
Reserve (re-zurv') air. See Respiration. 
Reservoir (res'er-vwor). Receptaculum. R. of the 
thy'mus, see Thymus. 
Residentia, rez-id-en'she-ah (resido, to settle or 
sink down). Sediment. 
Residual (re-zid'u-al) air. See Respiration. 
Residue, rez'id-u (residuum, remainder). That 
which remains after filtration and other processes. 
Resid'uum. Residue. 
Resilience, re-zil'e-ens. The act of springing 
back; healthy reaction. 
Resilient stricture, re-sil'e-ent strik'tchur. Con- 
tractile tissue formed of elastic tissue, making perma- 
nent dilatation difficult or impossible. 
Resimus, res-e'mus (turned up, bent back). One 
who has a short, stumpy nose. 
Resin, rez'in (rheo, to flow). Colophony. Vegetable 
product, commonly dry and concrete, more or less 
brittle, inodorous or slightly odorous, insipid or of an 
acrid warm taste; inflammable, insoluble in water, 
soluble in alcohol, ether, and yolk of egg, and nega- 
tively electrifiable by friction. Many resins are used 
in medicine; the greater part are purgative and ir- 
ritating. Some act like acrid poisons. See Pinus 
sylvestris. R., ac'aroid, see Xanthorrhoea. R. of al'- 
oes, precipitate from hot aqueous solution of aloes. 
R., Bot'any Bay, see Xanthorrhoea. R., Cayenne, 
caoutchouc. R. ce'rate, see Ceratum resinee ; unguen- 
tum basilicon flavum. R. of copai'ba, residue after 
volatile oil is distilled from copaiba. R., cow'die or 
cowrie, see Pinus damarra. R. of guai'ac, guaiac. R. 
of jal'ap, extractum jalapae resinosum. R. of kalada'- 
na, kaladanae resina. R. of may'apple, resina podo- 
phylli. R. of New Holland, see Xanthorrhoea. R. 
plas'ter, emplastrum adhaesivum; sticking-plaster. 
R. of the spruce fir, see Pinus abies. R. of xanthor- 
rhce'a, see Xanthorrhoea. 
Resi'na (Ph. U. S.). Residue left after distilling 
off volatile oil from turpentine. Resin. See Pinus 
sylvestris. R. abi'etis, see Pinus abies, Pinus picea. 
R. abi'etis hu'mida, see Pinus abies. R. abi'etis sic- 
ca, see Pinus abies. R. acaroi'des, see Xanthorrhoea. 
R. al'ba, see Pinus sylvestris. R. al'ba hu'mida, see 
Pinus abies. R. ben'zoes, benjamin. R. Cayennen'- 
sis, caoutchouc. R. copai'bse (Ph. U. S.), resin of 
copaiba. R. copal', copal. R. dammar', dammar. 
R. draco'nis, dragon's blood. R. elas'tica, caout- 
chouc. R. el'emi, elemi. R. empyreumat'ica liq'- 
uida, tar. R. fla'va, see Pinus sylvestris. R. flu' ida 
957 
RESORCINOL 
Canadensis, see Pinus balsamea. R. jala'pse, extrac- 
tum jalapse resinosum. R. junip'eri, sandarac. R. 
la'ricis, see Pinus larix. R. lentisci'na, see Pistachia 
lentiscus. R. liq'uida pi'ni balsam'ese, see Pinus bal- 
samea. R. liq'uida pi'ni la'ricis, see Pinus larix. R. 
lu'tea No'vi Bel'gii, see Xanthorrhcea. R. ni'gra, 
colophonia. R. pi'ni, see Pinws sylvestris. R. pi'ni 
abi'etis sponte concreta, see Pinus abies. R. pi'ni 
empyreumat'ica liq'uida, see Pinus sylvestris. R. 
podophyl'li, Resin of may apple, R. of podophyllum (Ph. 
U. S.), Podophyllin; prepared from the powdered 
rhizome of podophyllum by the action of alcohol, 
muriatic acid, and water: see Podophyllum peltatum. 
Dose, gr. J to gr. j. R. scammo'nii (Ph. U. S.), ex- 
tractum scammonii. R. strobili'na, see Pinus balsamea 
and Pinus mughos. R. terebin'thi, see Pistacia tere- 
binthus. R. thap'siee, thapsia resin. 
Resinatum, rez-in-at'um. Wine impregnated with 
resin, used by the ancients as a stomachic. 
Resinocerum, rez-in-o-se'rum (resine, resin, keros, 
wax). Rhetinoceron. Mixture of resin and wax. 
Resinosa, rez-in-o'sah. In pharmacy, resinous sub- 
stances. 
Resinous, rez'in-us. Containing resin ; like resin. 
Resistance, re-zis'tance. Terms used in electricity 
to denote the ratio of electromotive force to the cur- 
rent strength, the flow being supposed to be steady. 
Resolutio, rez-o-lu'she-o. R. et diabro'sis ven- 
tric'uli, softening of the stomach. R. membro'rum, 
paralysis. R. mor'bi, resolution or disappearance of 
a disease, especially when without any critical evacu- 
ation. R. nervo'rum, paralysis. R. ventric'uli auto- 
pep'tica, softening of the stomach. R. vi'rium, dial- 
ysis. 
Resolution, rez-o-lu'shun. Removal or disappear- 
ance, as of a disease. Resolution is one of the termi- 
nations of inflammation, in which the inflamed part 
returns gradually, and without suppuration, to the 
healthy condition. Certain inflammatory affections 
which terminate in this manner, as mumps, gout, 
rheumatism, and some forms of scrofula, have been 
termed resolving inflammations. Also looseness; 
weakness. 
Resolvents, re-zol'vents (resolvo, to loosen, to dissi- 
pate). Discutients. 
Resolving inflammations, re-zol'ving in-flam-ma'- 
shuns. See Resolution. R. pow'er, capacity of a mi- 
croscopic objective to show fine points. 
Resonance, rez'o-nance (re, sono, to sound). Return 
of sound ; resounding; reverberation of sounds. Thrill- 
ing of the voice, more loud than natural, or its exist- 
ence in a part where it is not heard in health-as de- 
tected by auscultation. Thickened and hardened 
state of the lungs, caused either by a mass of crude 
tubercles or by inflammation, is generally considered 
to produce this phenomenon by rendering the lung a 
better conductor of the murmur of the voice in the 
bronchi. Hence the origin of the term Bronchophony 
(bronchus, phone, voice). Resonance is also used in 
the sense of resounding, as when the chest is said to 
be resonant on percussion. R., vesiculotympanit'ic, 
see Vesiculotympanitic. R., vibra'tions of, see Sound. 
Resonant, rez'o-nant. Resounding. See Reso- 
nance. 
Resonitus, re-zon'it-us. Contrafissura. 
Resopy'rin. Compound of resorcin and antipyrine, 
in colorless crystals. 
Resorbens, re-sor'bens (re, sorbeo, sorptum, to suck 
up). Absorbent. 
Resorcin, re-sor'sin. Derivative of benzol; odor- 
less, antiseptic, and antipyretic; yellowish-white crys- 
talline powder formed by fusing different resins, as 
asafcetida, guaiacum, etc., with caustic alkalies, or 
synthetically from benzene. Used externally in 
cutaneous affections, diphtheria, whooping cough, 
etc., and in surgery in gauzes, sprays, injections, etc. 
A compound resembling carbolic acid in some of its 
properties. Its chemical name is metadioxybenzene. 
Resor'cinol. Obtained by melting together equal 
parts of resorcin and iodoform. Used surgically as 
an antiseptic in chancres, ulcers, and wounds, and in RESORCIN-PHTALEIN 
some cutaneous affections, as scabies, psoriasis, eczema, 
etc., as a dusting powder or in ointment. 
Resorcin-phtalein, re-zor'sin-tal'e-in. Fluorescin. 
Resorci'num. Resorcin. 
Resorptio, re-sorp'she-o. Absorption; resorption. 
R. cuta'nea, see Absorption. R. cu'tis, see Absorption. 
Resorption, re-sorp'shun. Absorption of a fluid 
which has been previously deposited in a part, as of 
pus, blood, serum, etc. See Absorption. 
Resorptive (re-sorp'tiv) fe'ver. Fever due to ab- 
sorption of toxic material, as the hectic fever of 
phthisis. 
Res'pirable (respiro, to breathe, habilis, fit). Cap- 
able of being breathed; adapted for respiration. 
Respiramen, res-pir-am'en (respiro, to take breath). 
Respiration. 
Respiramentum, res-pir-am-en'tum. Respiration. 
Respiratio, res-pir-ah'she-o. Respiration. R. abol'- 
ita, apnoea. R. bre'vis, dyspnoea. R. difflc'ilis, 
dyspnoea. R. ster'tens, stertor. R. stertoro'sa, see 
Stertor. R. stertuo'sa, stertor. 
Respiration, res-pi-ra'shun. Function proper to 
animals, the object of which is to place the materials 
of the blood-the mixture of the venous blood with 
lymph and chyle-in contact with atmospheric air, in 
order that it may acquire the vivifying qualities 
which belong to arterial blood. The organs for exe- 
cuting this function are, in the mammalia, birds, and 
reptiles, the lungs. In man the respiration consists 
of mechanical and chemical phenomena. The me- 
chanical are Inspiration and Expiration. The muscles 
concerned in respiration are the following (Chapman): 
Muscles oe Respiration. 
Ordinary. 
Inspiration. Expiration. 
DiaphragmInternal intercostals, 
osseous portion. 
External intercostals. 
Internal intercostals, sternal portion . Triangularis sterni. 
ScaleniInfracostales. 
Levatores costarum. 
Auxiliary. 
Serratus posticus superiorOblique. 
Accessorius Transversalis. 
Sterno-cleido-mastoidSacrolumbalis. 
Levator anguli scapulae. 
Trapezius, superior portion. 
Serratus magnus. 
Pectorales major, inferior portion. 
Pectorales minor. 
The evident chemical phenomena consist in the 
formation of a certain quantity of carbonic acid, the 
absorption of a part of the oxygen of the air, and the 
disengagement of a quantity of water in the state of 
vapor. In the healthy condition the respiration is 
easy, gentle, regular, and without noise. In man the 
respirations are generally about 35 per minute in the 
first year of life, 25 during the second, 20 at puberty, 
and 18 in the adult age. The chief ways in which 
the respirations may be rendered quicker or slower 
are the following, according to Brunton: 
958 
> RESPIRATION 
The frequency of respiration in adults and children 
and at various ages has been thus arranged by Vie- 
rordt from various authorities: 
In healthy adults, average, 16-18 respirations per minute; 
20 (16-24) Hutchinson; 18 (Herman); 16 (Quetelet); 13.5 
(Funke); 12 (Vierordt). 
In the new-born, average, 35 (35.3); 44 (Quetelet); 41 (Gor- 
ham); 37 (Allix); 35 (Mignot); 33.5 (Monti); 30 (Valleix); 
26.4 (A. Vogel). 
In the first months of life, 40-35; 2d year, 28; 3d-4th years, 
25; 6th-10th years, 28-20 (Valleix); 6%-14th years (boys), 
24.9-21.5 (Rameaux); older boys, 24-16 (Valleix). 
Frequency of respiration in various ages (Quetelet): new- 
born, 44; 5th year, 26 ; 15th-20th years, 20; 20th-25th years, 
18.7 ; 25th-30th years, 16; 30th-50th years, 18.1. 
Other influences exerted on the frequency of respiration 
may be stated, according to Guy: while standing the respira- 
tions are 22 to the minute; while sitting, 19; while lying 
down, 13. The new-born child breathes, when the body is in 
a vertical position, one-third more frequently. Ingestion of 
food increases the frequency of respiration ; during digestion 
the frequency is 1.72 respirations per minute higher (if no 
nourishment had been taken seven hours previously); eating 
with or without wine increases frequency 1.22 (Vierordt). 
When dinner is omitted respiration is decreased one-half. 
Increase of temperature of the air decreases the respiration 
for 1° C. per minute about 0.054. At 8.47°, 12.16; at 19.4°, 11.57 
respirations on an average were noted. A rise of the barome- 
ter increases the respiration about 0.74 per minute. Greater 
muscular exercise increases the frequency of respiration. 
In the sleeping adult the decrease in frequency of respira- 
tion amounts to about one-quarter (Quetelet). 
The air of respiration has been divided into-1. the 
residual air, or that which cannot be expelled from the 
lungs, but remains after a full and forcible expiration, 
estimated at 120 cubic inches; 2. the supplementary or 
reserve air, or that which can be expelled by a forcible 
expiration after an ordinary outbreathing, valued at 
130 cubic inches; 3. the breath, tidal, or breathing air, 
valued at 26 cubic inches; and 4. the complementary 
or complemental air, or that which can be inhaled 
after an ordinary inspiration, which amounts to 100 
cubic inches. This estimate gives 250 cubic inches 
as the average volume of air which the chest contains 
after an ordinary inspiration. According to Hutchin- 
son, the capacity of respiration in the adult increases 
about 60 cm. for every 1 cm. length of body in men; 
in women about 40 cm. The contents of the stomach 
have an influence to a certain extent, as large quan- 
tities of fluid decrease the quantity of the expiratory 
air 1 cm. for every 24 cm. of fluid. The temperature 
of expired air (Aschenbrandt) is as follows: At 8-12° 
C. the air, while passing through the nose, is brought 
up to the temperature of 30-31° C., and the tem- 
perature increased |° higher than when breath- 
ing through the nose (Semon). The average tem- 
perature of expired air is 29-31° (23-24°, Semon; 
37.3°, Brunner and Valentin; others, 36-37°). R., 
abdom'inal, diaphragmatic respiration. R., arti- 
ficial, attempt to supply the place of natural res- 
piration when the latter is in abeyance from any cause, 
as asphyxia. R., Biot's, see Biot. R., bron'chial, 
sound of air passing through the bronchi. R., bron- 
chovesic'ular, morbid modification of the respiratory 
murmur, having more or less of the characters of the 
bronchial and vesicular respiration combined. It de- 
notes incomplete solidification of the lung, as from 
the presence of tubercle. R., cav'ernous, sound made 
by air in its passage through cavities in the lungs. 
R. of the cells, respiratory murmur. R., Cheyne- 
Stokes, consists of a rhythmical increase of respira- 
tions from shallow to strong and deep, and then re- 
ceding again to feeble, and ceasing temporarily. R., 
cogged-wheel, jerking respiration. R., cos'tal, 
respiration in which the movements of the ribs pre- 
dominate over abdominal movements. R., diaphrag- 
matic, respiration produced principally by the dia- 
phragm. R., interrupt'ed, jerking respiration. R., 
jerking, Interrupted, Cogged-wheel, or Wavy respiration. 
When the murmur of inspiration, in place of being 
continuous, is interrupted as by starts, it is called jerk- 
ing. It is concomitant of incipient pleurisy, pleuro- 
dynia, spasmodic asthma, and tuberculosis of the lung, 
with corresponding pleuritic adhesion. R., post'ural, 
The respi- 
ratory 
move- 
ments 
may be 
quick- 
ened by 
Excite- 
ment of 
nerves. 
Greater 
excite- 
ment of 
respira- 
tory 
centre. 
Stimulation of the vagus. 
Stimulation of optic nerve. 
Stimulation of acoustic nerve. 
Action of brain (voluntary). 
Increased temperature of blood. 
Increased venosity of blood. 
Action of drugs. 
Dimin- 
ished 
excite- 
ment of 
respira- 
tory 
centre. 
Diminished venosity of blood. 
Action of drugs. 
Action of brain (voluntary). 
The respi- 
ratory 
move- 
ments 
may be 
render- 
ed slow 
by 
Paralysis of vagi. 
Stimulation of superior laryngeal 
nerves. 
Stimulation of inferior laryngeal 
nerves. 
Stimulation of nasal nerves. 
Stimulation of cutaneous nerves. 
Stimulation of splanchnic nerves. 
Nervous 
influ- 
ences. RESPIRATOR 
see Ready method. R., prone, see Ready method. R., 
proof, Docimasia pulmonum. R., pu'erile, see Puerile. 
R., vagi'nal, the movement of rise and fall of the 
vagina under the influence of similar movements on 
the part of the diaphragm. R., vesiculobron'chial, 
bronchovesicular respiration. R., wa'vy, jerking res- 
piration. 
Respirator, res'pi-ra-tor. Various instruments 
under this name have been contrived for the purpose 
of tempering the air before it reaches the lungs in 
winter, being made of several layers of fine wire tis- 
sue. A charcoal respirator has been devised to act as 
a kind of air-filter and prevent noxious effluvia from 
entering the lungs. The air is said to be made sev- 
eral degrees warmer in this way. 
Respiratorium ventris, res-pir-at-o're-um ven'tris. 
Diaphragm. 
Respiratory, res'pir-at-o-re. Appertaining to res- 
piration. An epithet applied to the murmur heard by 
auscultation in a healthy adult during inspiration 
and expiration. It marks the entrance of the air into 
the cells and its passage out of them. See Murmur. 
R. bron'chiole, same as lobular bronchial tube. R. 
bun'dle, solitary funiculus. R. cav'ities, see Cavities, 
respiratory. R. gan'glia, see Encephalon. R. glot'- 
tis, posterior part of glottis. R. nerve, exter'nal, see 
Thoracic nerves. R. nerve of the face, facial nerve. 
R. nerve, superior, spinal nerve. R. nerves, inter- 
nal, diaphragmatic nerves. R. pe'riod, the time from 
the commencement of one inspiration to the occur- 
rence of the next. If this period be regarded as four 
seconds, a half second, it has been considered, may be 
occupied in health by inspiration, a half second in 
expiration, and two seconds in repose. R. pulse, see 
Pulse, respiratory. R. quotient, ratio of oxygen 
inspired by the lungs to that expired by them in the 
form of carbonic acid. R. re'gion of nose, inferior 
part of nasal cavity, not including the olfactory region. 
R. tract, middle column of the spinal marrow, 
described by Sir Charles Bell as that whence the 
respiratory nerves originate; see Nerves. 
Responsibility, res-pon-sib-il'it-e. State of being 
responsible. The term in medical jurisprudence 
usually embraces the question of sound mental con- 
dition and capability of acting properly. 
Resta (res'tah) bo'vis. Ononis spinosa. 
Restagnatio, res-tag-nah'she-o {re, stagno, stagna- 
tum, to overflow). Eructation. 
Restaurans, res'taw-rans. Analeptic; corroborant. 
Restaurantia, res-taw-ran'she-ah. Analeptics; 
restorative medicines. 
Restauratio, res-taw-rah'she-o {restauro, to repair). 
Restoration of strength after disease or great fatigue. 
Return of the organs to their normal condition, Re- 
covery, Recuperation, Reparation. R. vi'rum, restora- 
tion of strength. 
Resthar'row. Ononis spinosa. 
Restibrachium, res-te-brak'e-um (restis, rope, bra- 
chium, arm). Inferior peduncle of cerebellum. Also 
called myelobrachium. 
Restiform, res'te-form {restis, rope, forma, shape). 
Shaped like a rope, as the corpora restiformia, resti- 
form bodies. R. pro'cess, coracoid. 
Restitutio, res-te-tu'she-o {restituo, restitutum, to set 
up again). Reduction; restoration. R. an'imse, 
resuscitation. R. ad in'tegrum, complete restoration 
to a healthy condition. R. organ'ica, plastic surgery. 
R. par'tium deperdita'rum, plastic surgery. 
Restitution, res-te-tu'shun {re, statuo, to place). 
Act by which, after the head is born, the child's face 
turns again to the side of the pelvis toward which it 
was directed at the beginning of labor. 
Restlessness, rest'less-ness. Agitation. 
Restoration, res-tor-a'shun. Recovery of health. 
Restorative, res-tor'a-tiv. Analeptic; corroborant. 
Restraint neuroses, re-straint' nu-ro'sees. See 
Inhibitory. 
Restrictio intestini recti (re-strik'she-o in-tes-te'ne 
rek'te) or a'ni {re, stringo, to tighten). Stricture of 
the rectum. 
Resumptivum, re-zump-te'vum {re, sumo, to take). 
959 
RETENTIO 
Any agent calculated to restore flesh and strength to 
one who has been reduced. 
Resumptivus, re-zump-te'vus (re, sumo, sumptum, 
to take). Causing to resume or restore, as the 
strength. 
Resumptorius, re-zump-to're-us. Resumptivus. 
Resupinate, re-su'pin-ate (re, supinoo, to lie back). 
Appearing as if turned upside down. 
Resurrec'tionist (re, surgo, to arise). Resurrection 
man, Body-snatcher. An individual who violates the 
sanctuary of the grave to obtain subjects for dissec- 
tion. 
Resurrection- (rez-ur-rek'shun) man. Resurrec- 
tionist. 
Resuscitation, re-sus-se-ta'shun (resuscito, to move 
up, to stir up anew). Revivification. Restoration of 
persons, apparently dead, to life. See Asphyxia, Suf- 
focation, and Drowning, resuscitation from. 
Retardation, re-tar-da'shun (retardo, to retard). 
The act of impeding; term used in obstetrics to de- 
note delay in expulsion of the foetus. 
Retching. Vomiturition. 
Re'te (net). Interlacing and decussation of blood- 
vessels, lymphatics, fibres, and nerves when they 
form a kind of network. Plexus. Epiploon. R. 
acromia'le, network of vessels formed by anastomo- 
sis between acromial thoracic artery and acromial 
branches of transverse scapular artery. R. art er io 
sum cap'itis, network of arteries over upper part of 
cranium, formed by anastomosis of frontal, temporal, 
and occipital arteries. R. arterio'sum facie'i, formed 
by end branches of facial, infraorbital, ophthalmic, 
and internal maxillary arteries. R. articula're 
cu'biti, network of arteries around the elbow-joint, 
given off by superior and inferior profunda and ar- 
teries anastomosing above the joint, and anterior and 
posterior recurrent, radial, and interosseous recurrent 
below the joint. R. articula're ge'nu, network of ar- 
teries around the knee-joint. R. calca'neum, network 
of arteries on ball of heel, formed by branches from 
malleolar and calcanean arteries. R. carpe'um, car- 
pal arches. R. car'pi dorsa'le, posterior carpal arch. 
R. car'pi vola're, anterior carpal arch. R. cubita'le, 
rete articulare cubiti. R. dorsa'lis pe'dis, network 
of arteries on posterior part of foot, formed by 
branches from tarsal and metatarsal arteries, com- 
municating by perforating branches with the palmar 
arch. R. ma'jus, gastrocolic epiploon. R. malleo- 
la're exter'num, network of arteries around the ex- 
ternal malleolus, composed of branches from the exter- 
nal malleolar, tarsal, and anterior and posterior pero- 
neal arteries. R. malleola're inter'num, network of 
arteries around the internal malleolus, formed by 
branches from the internal malleolar to the internal 
tarsal arteries. R. Malpigh'ii, corpus mucosum. R. 
mirab'ile, name given to the ramificationsand anasto- 
moses of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries at 
the base of the brain. In a general manner the term 
has been applied to the dense, interlacing network of 
capillary vessels made by the sudden breaking up of 
larger vessels. R. muco'sum, corpus mucosum. R. 
tar'seum dorsa'le, network consisting of branches of 
tarsal arteries on back of the foot. R. tes'tis, an irregu- 
lar plexus or network formed by the communication 
of the vasa recta, tubuli or ductuli recti, tubuli sem- 
iniferi recti, at the upper and back part of the testi- 
cle. These vasa recta are sent out at the back part of 
the testicle, from the convoluted seminal tubes; the 
rete vasculosum testis sends out from twelve to eigh- 
teen straight tubes, called vasa efferentia, which con- 
vey the semen from the testis to the epididymus. R. 
veno'sum dorsa'le ma'nfis, network giving off veins 
on the back of the hands. R. veno'sum dorsa'le 
pe'dis, plexus of veins on the dorsum pedis. R. 
veno'sum vola're mantis, plexus giving off veins on 
palmar surface of the hand. 
Retentio, re-ten'she-o. Retention. R. a'Srea, dysp- 
noea. R. alvi'na, constipation. R. bi'lis, retention 
or suppression of the biliary secretion. R. flux'us 
hsemorrhoida'lis, suppression of the hemorrhoidal 
flux. R. foe'tus, dystocia. R. lac'tis, retention oi RETENTION 
suppression of the lacteal secretion. R. lochio'rum, 
retention or suppression of the lochial discharge. R. 
men'sium, see Amenorrhoea. R. sper'matis, retention 
or suppression of the spermatic secretion. R. sudo'- 
ris, retention or suppression of the secretion of sweat. 
Retention, re-ten'shun (re, teneo, to hold, to hold 
back). Accumulation of solid or liquid substance in 
canals intended for its excretion, or in a reservoir in- 
tended to contain it for a short period. R. cyst, Re- 
tention tumor, Dilatation cyst or tumor; cystic forma- 
tion having its origin in obstruction and dilatation 
of the larger gland-ducts, and retention of the nat- 
ural secretion in a modified form. R. tu'mor, reten- 
tion cyst. R. of urine, disease in which the urine 
accumulated in the bladder cannot be evacuated, or, 
at least, cannot be passed without extreme difficulty. 
In the former case the retention is said to be complete; 
in the latter, incomplete. Many writers have distin- 
guished three degrees of this affection, to which they 
have given the names dysury, strangury, and ischury. 
Retention of urine may depend upon loss of contrac- 
tility, paralysis of the bladder, etc., or on some obstacle 
to the passing of the urine, as in cases of pressure 
of the womb on the bladder, of tumors in its vicinity, 
foreign bodies in its cavity, inflammation of the ure- 
thra, swelling of the prostate, stricture, etc. The 
pain is extremely violent, and the bladder may be 
found distended above the pubis. 
Retia (pl. of Rete) uteri, re'te-ah u'te-re. See 
Uterus. 
Reticular, re-tik'u-lar (reticulum). Retiform. Re- 
sembling a net. Epithet applied to many structures 
in the body, as reticular cartilage. R. bod'y, corpus 
mucosum. R. formation, network of longitudinal 
and transverse fibres occupying the medulla oblongata 
anteriorly and laterally and reaching up to the pons. 
R. lam'ina, membrane resembling a network reaching 
over the region of the outer hair-cells of the organ of 
Corti. R. lay'er of skin, deeper part of corium, in 
which are the hair-follicles and several glands, situate 
below the papillary layer. R. lay'ers, molecular layers. 
R. pro'cess of spi'nal cord, extension of gray matter, 
resembling a net, into the lateral column of the cord. 
R. sub'stance, cellular tissue. R. tis'sue, cellular 
tissue; adenoid tissue. R. white sub'stance, ar- 
rangement of white fibres resembling a net on the 
upper part of the uncinate brain convolution. 
Reticularia officinalis, re-tik-u-lah're-ah of-fis-in- 
al'is. Lichen pulmonarius. 
Reticulated, re - tik' u - la - ted. Having net-like 
meshes. 
Reticulum, ret-ik'u-lum (dim. of Rete). Bonnet or 
Honeycomb bag or stomach. Second stomach of the 
ruminant animal. See also Epiploon and Rete. Also 
delicate framework of adenoid tissue supporting the 
proper nervous substance of the brain and spinal 
cord. R. cuta'neum, rete mucosum. R. muco'sum, 
rete mucosum. 
Retiform, ret'e-form (rete, forma, shape). Reticular. 
R. tis'sue, adenoid tissue. 
Retina, ret'in-ah (rete, a net). A soft, pulpy, grayish, 
semitransparent, very thin membrane extending from 
the optic nerve to the crystalline, embracing the vit- 
reous humor and lining the choroid, without, how- 
ever, adhering to either of these parts. It terminates 
by a defined edge-margo dentatus-at the posterior 
extremities of the ciliary processes. It is constituted, 
according to most anatomists, by the expansion of 
the optic nerve. The retina appears to be formed of 
several laminae so joined togethei' that it is difficult 
to discriminate them. It is now generally considered 
to consist of ten layers, which have received the fol- 
lowing names, from within outward: 1. Membrana 
limitans interna; 2. Fibrous layer, consisting of nerve- 
fibres; 3. Vesicular layer, consisting of nerve-cells; 
4. Inner molecular or granular layer; 5. Inner nu- 
clear layer; 6. Outer molecular or granular layer; 
7. Outer nuclear layer; 8. Membrana limitans ex- 
terna; 9. Layer of rods and cones (Jacob's mem- 
brane or bacillary layer); 10. Pigmentary layer or 
tapetum nigrum. The thin layer of transparent nu- 
960 
RETINITIS 
cleated cells continued from the indented border, 
near the outer ledge of the ciliary processes, is called 
the pars ciliaris retinae. 
The retina is the essential organ of vision; on it 
the images of objects are impressed. Both it and the 
optic nerve are devoid of general sensibility. The 
nerve of general sensibility distributed to the 
eye is the fifth pair. The retina is liable to 
various morbid conditions, as hypersemia, inflam- 
mation-retinitis-apoplexy, anaemia, atrophy, fatty 
degeneration, tumors, embolism of its central 
artery, separation or detachment, etc. R., anae'- 
mia of, a peculiar pallid condition of the retina 
dependent on contraction of the retinal vessels. 
It has sometimes been termed epilepsy of the retina, 
when occurring during an epileptic attack. R., at'- 
rophy of, an occasional result of inflammation of the 
structures of the eye, glaucoma, etc. It may be par- 
tial or complete, and accompanied with degeneration 
and atrophy of the optic nerve. R., detacih'ment of, 
disconnection from the choroid. R., em'bolism of the 
cen'tral ar'tery of, a condition produced by obstruc- 
tion from emboli, characterized by sudden and total 
blindness, and usually dependent on valvular disease 
of the left side of the heart. R., ep'ilepsy of, see 
Retina, ansemia of. R., glio'ma of, see Glioma. R., 
ischae'mia of, ischaemia retinae. R., physiological 
mid'dle point of, fovea centralis. R., separation of, 
detachment of the retina from excessive elongation 
of the coats of the eye in severe myopia, diminution 
in the bulk of the vitreous humor, tumors, effusion, 
etc. 
Retinacula, ret-in-ak'u-lah. See Retinaculum. R. 
cu'tis, bundles of connective tissue extending from 
deep layers of the skin to the superficial and deep 
fasciae. R. of ileocae'cal valve, see Frsena of the valve 
of Bauhin. R. Morgagn'ii, see Freena of the valve of 
Bauhin. R. patel'lae, bands extending from the tibia 
to the ligamentum patellae. R. ten'dinum, ligamenta 
vaginalia. R. val'vulae co'li, frena of the ileocaecal 
valve. R. of Weit'brecht, bands of tissue on the neck 
of the trochanter of the femur. 
Retinaculum, ret-in-ak'u-lum (re, teneo, to hold, 
to hold back). A surgical instrument formerly used 
in the operation of castration and in that of hernia 
to prevent the intestines from falling into the scrotum. 
Retinacula are also band-like extensions of a cellulo- 
membranous structure which seem to suspend the 
ovum in the follicle of De Graaf. They correspond 
to the chalazae of the egg of the bird. See Bride. R. 
ligamen'ti arcua'tl, external lateral ligament of the 
knee. R. muscula're ten'dinis subscapula'ris ma- 
jo'ris, brachiocapsularis. R. peroneo'rum supe'rius, 
external annular ligament on the ankle, the fascia 
stretching from the external malleolus to the calca- 
neum, embracing the tendons of peroneus longusand 
brevis. R. ten'dinum peroneo'rum, the ligamentous 
sheaths that retain in situ at the outer ankle the ten- 
dons of the peroneal muscles. 
Ret'inal. Relating or appertaining to the retina. 
R. ap'oplexy, see Retinitis. R. field of vis'ion, ex- 
panse perceived by the eye when at rest and all ex- 
ternal light is excluded. R. hori'zon, name given by 
Helmholtz to the horizontal plane which passes 
through the transverse axis of the eyeball. R. pur'- 
ple, rhodopsin; pigment found during life in outer 
segments of retinal rods. R. red, retinal purple. 
Retinitis, ret-in-e'tis (retina, itis). Inflammatio ret- 
ime. Inflammation of the retina. When it occurs, it 
is usually an accompaniment of other ophthalmic 
affections. When there is an extreme tendency to 
extravasation of blood into the retina, the affection is 
called Retinitis apoplectica, Retinal apoplexy. Retinitis 
may be associated with syphilis, and is then called 
Retinitis syphilitica. When this form is confined to 
the region of the yellow spot and has a marked tend- 
ency to recur, it is termed Central recurrent retinitis. 
A form of retinitis often met with in Bright's disease 
of the kidney is designated Retinitis albuminurica, 
Nephritic retinitis. R. leucsemica is an affection of the 
retina connected with leucocythaemia. R. pigmentosa RETINOL 
is characterized by a deposit of black pigment in the 
retina, which encroaches on the field of vision, the 
patient seeing better in the daytime than at night. 
In Retinitis nyctdlopica the patient's vision is better 
in the dusk than in the bright light. In R. hemor- 
rhagica there is infiltration of the nerve-fibre layer 
by extravasation, congestion of the veins, etc. R. 
albuminu'rica, see Retinitis. R. apoplec'tica, see 
Retinitis. R., cen'tral recurrent, see Retinitis. R., 
diabet'ic, retinitis occurring in diabetes. R. haemor- 
rhag'ica, see Retinitis. R. leucsem'ica, see Retinitis. 
R., nephritic, see Retinitis. R. nyctalop'ica, see 
Retinitis. R. paralytica, condition of the retina 
usually found in general paralysis. R. pigmento'sa, 
see Retinitis. R. syphilitica, see Retinitis. 
Retinol, ret'in-ol. Product of destructive distilla- 
tion of resin of pine or fir; yellowish oily liquid, em- 
ployed as a solvent agent for a number of remedies, as 
aristol, iodol, cocaine, carbolic acid, creasote, some of 
the alkaloids, etc., or from its own therapeutic value 
in combination with other substances. Internally, 
antiseptic. 
Retinoscopy, ret-in-os'ko-pe (retina, skopeo, to view). 
Examination of the retina. 
Retinus, ret'in-us. Reticular. 
Retort, re-tort' (re, torqueo, tortum, to bend back). 
Vessels, commonly of glass or earthenware, employed 
in distillation. 
Retraction, re-trak'shun (retraho, to draw back). 
State of a part when drawn toward the centre of the 
body or backward; as retraction of the testicles. 
Sometimes it is used synonymously with shortening 
or drawing up, as in retraction of the thigh. 
Retractor, re-trak'tor. Piece of muslin split into 
two tails, applied around the bone or bones to prevent 
the soft parts from being injured by the saw. R. 
an'guli o'ris, buccinator. R. glot'tidis, genio-epi- 
glotticus. R. mus'cle of eye, an infundibular 
muscle-the choanoid muscle-retracting the eye- 
ball. R. rec'ti, rectococcygeus. R. ure'thrse, oc- 
casional muscular band passing from tuberosity of 
ischium to corpus cavernosum urethrae. R. u'teri, 
small non-striped muscle-fibres extending from the 
uterus to the sacrum within the retro-uterine folds. 
Retrahens aurls, ret'rah-hens awr'is (retraho, to 
draw back). Consists of one or more small fasciculi, 
or fleshy, thin, somewhat irregular fibres, situate be- 
hind the ear; attached to the mastoid process, and 
passing horizontally forward, to terminate at the 
convexity formed by the concha of the ear. If this 
muscle had any use, it would carry the ear back- 
ward. 
Retrimenta vesicae, ret-re-men'tah ves-e'sa. Urine. 
Retrimentum, ret-re-men'tum (dregs, re, tero, to 
cleanse as by rubbing). Excrement. 
Re'tro (L.). In composition, behind, backward. 
Retro-action, ret'ro-ak'shun. Action opposed to 
preceding action. 
Retrocedent, ret-ro-se'dent. Relapsing; going 
back. 
Retroceps. ret'ro-seps (retro, capio, to take). Form 
of obstetric forceps which grasps the back portion of 
the foetal head. 
Retrocession, ret-ro-sesh'un (retrocedo, to give 
place). Act of going back; disappearance or metas- 
tasis of a tumor, eruption, etc. from the outer part of 
the body to the inner. 
Retrocessus, ret-ro-ses'sus. Retrocession. 
Retroclavicularis, ret-ro-klav-ik-u-lar'is. Sterno- 
clavicularis posticus. 
Retroclusion, ret-ro-klu'zhun (retro, claudo, to close). 
Method of acupressure in which the pin is passed 
through the tissue, then over the artery, then, turn- 
ing in a semicircle, is brought out behind the artery, 
the point of the pin coming out near its entrance. 
Retrocollic (ret-ro-kol'lik) spasm (retro, collum, 
neck). Spasm of muscles of the back of the neck. 
Retrodeviation, ret-ro-de-ve-a'shun. Displacement 
backward of uterus. 
Retroflexio uteri, ret-ro-fleks'e-o u'ter-e (retro, flecto, 
flexum, to bend). See Retroversio uteri. 
961 
REVELLENT 
Retrograde, ret'ro-grade {retrogradior, to go back- 
ward). Going back. 
Retrogressus, ret-ro-gres'sus (same etymon). Re- 
trocession. 
Retro-insular convolutions, ret'ro-in'su-lar con-vo- 
lu'shuns. Temporoparietal convolutions lying within 
fissure of Sylvius. 
Retrojection, ret-ro-jek'shun {retro, jaceo, to throw). 
Washing a cavity or canal from within outward. 
Retromalle'olar fos'sse. Depressions behind mal- 
leoli on either side of tendo Achillis. 
Retromax'illary re'gion. Parotid fossa. 
Retro-ocular, ret'ro-ok'u-lar {retro, oculus). Situate 
behind the eyeball. 
Retro-oesophageal, ret'ro-e-sof-aj-e'al. Behind the 
oesophagus, as in the areolar tissue-retro-oesophageal 
abscesses, for example. 
Retroperitoneal, ret-ro-per-e-to-ne'al. Relating or 
belonging to internal parts behind the peritoneum, as 
retroperitoneal hernia. 
Retropharyngeal, ret-ro-far-in-je'al {retro, pharynx, 
pharynx). Relating to parts behind the pharynx-as 
retropharyngeal abscess, an abscess in the areolar tis- 
sue behind the pharynx. 
Retroposition, ret-ro-po-zish'un. Displacement of 
uterus backward, but without flexion or version. 
Retropulsion, ret-ro-pul'shun. Pushing or forcing 
back of foetal head in labor; also disorder of locomo- 
tion observed in paralysis agitans, in which a tendency 
to walk backward exists. 
Retrosternal, ret-ro-stur'nal. Situate behind the 
sternum. 
Retrotarsal (ret-ro-tar'sal) fold. Fornix of con- 
junctiva. 
Retro-uterine, ret'ro-u'ter-in {retro, uterus'). Be- 
hind the uterus, as retro-uterine abscess, an abscess 
seated behind the uterus. R.-u. haemat'ocele, tumor 
consisting of blood situate behind the uterus in the 
pouch of Douglas. 
Retrovaccination, ret-ro-vak-sin-a'shun {retro, vac- 
cination). Vaccination with matter obtained from the 
cow after inoculating the animal with vaccine matter 
from the human subject. 
Retroversio uteri, ret-ro-vur'she-o u'ter-e {retro, 
verto, versum, to turn). Retroversion of the uterus. A 
change in the position of the uterus so that the fun- 
dus of the organ is turned toward the concavity of 
the sacrum while the neck is directed toward the 
symphysis pubis. This displacement is commonly at- 
tended with constipation, tenesmus, and retention of 
urine. The usual period of occurrence is between 
the third and fourth months of pregnancy, before 
the uterus has escaped above the superior aperture 
of the pelvis. Simple inclination or bending of the 
uterus backward is called Retroflexion of the uterus, 
Reflexio uteri; not unfrequently, however, this term 
is employed synonymously with retroversion of the 
uterus. 
Retrover'sion. See Retroversio. 
Ret'zius, cave of. Space sometimes existing be- 
tween the two layers of subserous tissue in front of 
the bladder. R., fi'bres of, structure resembling a 
thread seen in the cells of Dieters and running longi- 
tudinally through them. R., stri'se of, lines of 
brownish color extending almost parallel to the ex- 
ternal surface of the enamel of the tooth, indicating 
the stages of deposit. 
Reiinlo, re-u'ne-o {re, unio, to unite). Synthesis. 
Union of parts that have been separated. R. par'- 
tium separata'rum, see Synthesis. R. per pri'mam 
intentio'nem, see Intention. R. per secun'dam in- 
tentio'nem, see Intention. R. vaso'rum, anastomosis. 
Reu'nion. See Reunio. 
Reuss's test. Test consisting in treating ptomat- 
ropines with sulphuric acid and oxidizing agents, 
which give the odor of blossoms. 
Revaccination, re-vak-sin-a'shun. See Vaccina. 
Revalenta Arabica, rev-al-en'tah a-rab'e-kah. See 
Ervum. 
Revellent, re-vel'lent {re, vello, to pluck). Deriva- 
tive. REVERBERATION 
Reverberation, re-vur-bur-a'shun (reverbero, to beat 
back). Resonance. 
Rever'din's meth'od. Operation of skin-grafting. 
Reversion, re-vur'shun (reverto, to turn back). A 
turning back. Return to a former type. 
Revery, rev'er-e. Aphelxia. 
Revivification, re-viv-e-fe-ka'shun (re, vivo, to live, 
facio, to make). Resuscitation. 
Reviviscence, re-viv-is'sense. Renewal of life. 
Awakening from torpidity in animals after hiberna- 
tion. 
Revul'sant. Revellent. 
Revulsion, re-vul'shun. Act of turning the prin- 
ciple of a disease from the part in which it seems to 
have taken its seat. Rubefacients, vesicatories, bleed- 
ing in the foot, etc. are often*used for this purpose. 
See Derivation. 
Revulsive, re-vul'siv. Derivative. R. bleed'ing, 
see Bloodletting. 
Revulsorius, re-vul-so're-us. Derivative. 
Rex amarorum, reks am-ar-o'rum (king of bitters). 
Bitter shrub of the Moluccas, used in cholera, pleu- 
risy, etc. R. metallo'rum, aurum. 
Reybard's su'ture. Interrupted or loop suture, 
used to unite wounds of intestines. A small disk of 
wood is placed in the intestine and fastened by su- 
tures; when the sutures become absorbed, the disk 
passes by stool. 
Rezzle. Wheeze. 
Rha (r«, re, called, however, after the Rha or 
Wolga in Pontus). Rheum. 
Rhabarbarum, rhab'ar-bar-um (rha, barbaros, for- 
eign). Rheum. R. al'bum, Convolvulus Mechoacan. 
R. antiquo'rum, Rheum Rhaponticum. R. diosco'- 
ridis, Rheum Rhaponticum. R. monacho'rum, Ru- 
mex patientia. R. ni'grum, Convolvulus jalapa. R. 
pau'perum, thalictron. R. plebeio'rum, see Rham- 
nus frangula. R. Siber'icum, rheum. R. Tartar'- 
icum, rheum. R. Tur'cicum, rheum. 
Rhabditis, rhab-de'tis (rhabdos, rod). Generic name 
of small nematoid worms. R. genita'iis, minute 
round worm which has been found in urine. R. 
stercora'lis, anguillula stercoralis. 
Rhabdoides (rhab-do-e'dees) sutu'ra (rhabdos, rod 
or staff, eidos, resemblance). Sagittal suture. 
Rhabdomyoma, rhab-do-me-o'mah (rhabdos, stripe, 
myoma). Myoma involving the striped muscular 
fibres. 
Rhabdonema strongyloides, rhab-do-na'mah stron- 
gil-o-e'dees (rhabdos, rod, nema, thread). Anguillula 
intestinalis. 
Rhachetae, rhak-e'te. Rhachitse. 
Rhachetrum, rhak'a-trum (rhachetron, rhachis, 
spine). Middle of the spine. 
Rhachisei, rhak-e-e'e. Rhachitse. 
Rhachlagra, rhak-e'ag-rah. Rachisagra. 
Rhachialgia, rhak-e-al'je-ah. Pain in the spine; 
spinal irritation. 
Rhachlalgitis, rhak-e-al-je'tis (rhachis, spine, itis). 
Spinal irritation; myelitis. 
Rhachiasmus, rhak-e-as'mus (rhachis, spine). Name 
given by M. Hall to the first symptoms of epilepsy, 
made up of spasmodic action of muscles at the back 
of the neck. 
Rhachldagra, rhak-id'ag-rah. Pain in the spine; 
spinal irritation. 
Rhachio camp sis, rhak-e-o-kamp'sis (rhachis, Icamp- 
sis, bending). Curvature of the spine. 
Rhachiochysis, rhak-e-ok'is-is (rhachis, spine, chu- 
sis, gathering). Accumulation of water in the spinal 
cord. 
Rhachiocyphosis, rhak-e-o-sif-o'sis. Gibbosity; 
hump. 
Rhachiodynia, rhak-e-o-din'e-ah (rhachis, odune, 
pain). Pain in the vertebral column. 
Rhachlomyelitis, rhak-e-o-me-el-e'tis (rhachis, my- 
elitis). Myelitis. 
Rhachiomyelophthisis, rhak -e - o - me - el -o - te' sis 
(rhachis, muelos, marrow). Tabes dorsalis. 
Rhachioparalysis, rhak-e-o-par-al'is-is (rhachis, 
spine, paralysis). Paraplegia, 
962 
RHAMNEGIN 
Rhachiophy'ma (rhachis, phuma, growth). Tumor 
of the spine. 
Rhachioplegia, rhak-e-o-plej'e-ah (rhachis, plege, a 
stroke). Paraplegia. 
Rhachioscolio'ma (rhachis, scolioma). Lateral cur- 
vature of the spine. 
Rhachioscoliosis, rhak-e-o-scol-e-o'sis (rhachis, sco- 
liosis). Lateral curvature of the spine. 
Rhachiostrophosis, rhak-e-o-stro-fo'sis (rhachis, 
strepho, to turn). Deviation of the vertebral column. 
Rhachiotomus (rhak-e-ot'om-us) or Rhach'iotome 
(rhachis, tome, incision). Instrument for opening the 
vertebral column. 
Rhachiot'omy. Incision into the spine. 
Rhachipagia, rhak-e-paj'e-ah (rhachis, pegnumi, to 
fasten). Monstrous union of two foetuses, being con- 
nected at the spine. 
Rhachiparalysis, rhak-e-par-al'is-is (rhachis, paral- 
ysis). Paraplegia. 
Rhachiphyma. Ehachiophyma. 
Rhachirrheuma, rhak-ir-roo'mah (rhachis, rheuma, 
a defluxion, rheumatism). Lumbago. 
Rhachis, rhak'is. Vertebral column. R. na'si, 
line formed by junction of lateral surfaces of the 
nose. 
Rhachisagra, rhak-is'ag-rah. Pain in the spine; 
spinal irritation. 
Rhachls'chisis (rhachis, schizo, to cleave). Incom- 
plete formation of the spinal column, an opening into 
the spinal canal remaining, due to deficiency of the 
arches. 
Rhachitse, rhak-e'te (rhachis, spine). Muscles of 
the spine. 
Rhachites, rhak-e'tees (rhachites. muelos, marrow). 
Spinal; medulla spinalis. See also Rachitis (rachites, 
nosos). 
Rhachit'ic (rhachiticus). Relating to rhachitis. 
Rhachi'tis. Rickets; rachitis. R. adulto'rum, 
mollities ossium. R. spina'lis, inflammation of the 
spine; pain in the spine. 
Rhachitismus, rhak-it-iz'mus (rhachis). Rachitis. 
Rhacho'ma (rhachoo, to wrinkle). Rhacoma ; rha- 
gades. 
Rhachosis, rhak-o'sis. Rachosis. 
Rhachus (rhak'us) or Rha'cus (rachoo, to wrin- 
kle). A wrinkle; laceration of the skin; lacerated 
ulcer. 
Rhaco'ma (rhakos, a rent or tear). Chap; excoria- 
tion ; pendulousness of the scrotum. 
Rhaco'sis. Condition of rhacoma. 
Rha'cous (rhakoo, torn). Torn, corrugated, or 
wrinkled. 
Rhsebauchen, rhe-bau'ken (rhaibos. crooked, auchen, 
neck). Wry neck ; torticollis. 
Rhsebocrania, rhe-bo-cran'e-ah (rhaibos, crooked, 
kranion, skull). Torticollis. 
Rhsebodere, rhe-bo'der-e (rhaibos, crooked, dere, 
neck). Torticollis. 
Rhaeboscelia, rhe-bo-skel'e-ah (rhaibos, crooked, 
skelos, leg). Crookedness of the legs. 
Rhaebosis, rhe-bo'sis (rhaibos, crooked, osis). Crook- 
edness, as of the legs. 
Rhaeo'ma (rhakos, torn). Rhagades. Also flaccid, 
pendulous state of scrotum. 
Rhagades (rhag-ah'dees) or Rhaga'dia (rhagas, fis- 
sure). Ruptures, chaps, or narrow and long ulcers 
which form near the origin of mucous membranes, 
especially around the anus, usually due to syphilitic 
virus. See Fissure. 
Rhage. Suffix denoting violent rupture or dis- 
charge, as in Hemorrhage, etc. Also a fissure. 
Rhages, rhag'ees (rhax, grape). Uvae passse. 
Rhagicus, rhaj'ik-us (rhachikos). Grape-like. See 
Rhago'ides. 
Rhagoideitis, rha-goy-di'tis (rhagoides, tunica, itis). 
Uveitis. 
Rhagoides, rha-go-e'dees (rhax, berry, grape, eidos, 
resemblance.) Grape-like, as Tunica rhago'ides; the 
uvea. Also the choroid coat of the eye. 
Rhagus, rhag'us (ragos). Wrinkle. 
Rham'negin or Rhamnegi'na. Glucoside djs- RHAMNETIN 
covered in buckthorn berries; similar to rhamnin 
excepting its solubility in cold water. 
Rham'netin. Substance produced by action of 
dilute acids upon rhamnin. 
Rhamni baccse, rham'ni bak'se. See Rhamnus. R. 
Purschia'ni cor'tex (Ph. B.), dried bark of Rhamnus 
Purshianus, Cascara sagrada. R. suc'cus, see Rhamnus. 
Rham'nin. Crystallizable glucoside extracted from 
buckthorn berries. 
Rhamnocathart'in. Bitter active principle of 
buckthorn berries; yellow and amorphous. 
Rhamnoxan'thin. Frangulin. 
Rhamnus, rham'nus (rhamnos). Family Rhamna- 
cese. The berries-Rhamni baccee-have a faint, dis- 
agreeable odor and bitterish, nauseous taste. Their 
juice-Rhamni succus-is cathartic, and excites grip- 
ing, which must be obviated by the use of diluents. 
The name Cathartin, Cathartic acid, has been given to 
a purgative principle derived from the buckthorn. 
R. alater'nus, the leaves have been used as detergents 
and astringents, as a gargle especially. R. Carolinl- 
a'na, buckthorn of Southern U. S. R. cathart'icus, 
purging buckthorn; blackthorn. R. fran'gula, Black 
alder. All the parts of this tree, as well as of the 
common alder, are astringent and bitter. The bark 
is most so. The inner, yellow bark of the trunk or 
root, once called rhabarbarum plebeiorum, is a cathar- 
tic ; has been employed as an anthelmintic. R. His- 
pan'icus, R. alaternus. R. infecto'rius produces 
French berries. R. juju'ba, see Jujube. R. lo'tus, see 
Jujube. R. Purshia'nus, shrub growing on north- 
western coast of U. S. The dried bark is used medic- 
inally under the name rhamni purshianae cortex or 
cascara sagrada. See Cascara. R. ziz'iphus, Ziziphus 
vulgaris; see Jujube. 
Rhan'ter (rhanter, a sprinkler). The greater can- 
thus. 
Rhaphanedon, rhaf-an-e'don. Raphanedron. 
Rhaphania, rhaf-an'e-ah. Raphania. 
Rhaphanis, rhaf'an-is. Raphanus hortensis. 
Rhaphanus, rhaf'an-us. Rapa; Raphanus horten- 
sis. 
Rhaphe, rhaf'a. Suture. 
Rhaphidagogus, rhaf-id-ag-o'gus (rhaphis, needle, 
ago, to lead). Porte-aguille. 
Rhaphion, rhaf'e-on (rhaphion, dim. of rhaphis). 
Needle. 
Rhaphis, rhaf'is (rhaphis). Needle. 
Rhaphosymphysis, rhaf-o-sim'fis-is (rhaphe, suture, 
sumphusis, union.) Union by suture-as of cranial 
bones. 
Rhaphus, rhaf'us (rhaphos). Rapa. 
Rhaphys, rhaf'is (rhaphus). Rapa ; Raphanus hor- 
tensis. 
Rhaponticum, rhap-on'tik-um (rha, rhubarb, of 
Pontus). Rheum rhaponticum. R. vulga're, Cen- 
taurea centaurium. 
Rhaps (rhapus). Raphanus hortensis. 
Rha'pys (rAapws). Raphanus hortensis. 
Rhata'nia. Krameria rhatania. 
Rhat'any. Krameria. 
Rhax (rhax). See Vitis vinifera. 
Rhege, rha'ge (rhege). Cramp; contusion; lacera- 
tion. 
Rheg'ma (rhegma). Cramp; contusion; laceration; 
rhexis; breaking of an abscess. R. ligamenta're, 
solution of continuity of a ligament. R. oc'uli, rup- 
ture of the eyeball. 
Rheg'mus (rhegmos). Cramp; contusion; lacera- 
tion. 
Rhe'i radix. Rhubarb root. 
Rhe'in. Chrysarobin. 
Rhembasmus, rhem-bas'mus (rhembasmos, wander- 
ing about). Somnambulism; a wandering condition 
of the mind. 
Rhembe, rhem'ba (rhembe, wandering about). Ir- 
regularity in the return of febrile paroxysms. 
Rhem'bus (rhembos). Rhembe. 
Rhe'ocord (rheos, current, chorde). Instrument for 
regulating the strength of electrical currents. 
Rheofore (rhe'o-fore) or Re'opore (rheo, to flow, 
963 
RHEUMATALGIA 
phero, to carry). Conducting material attached to 
galvanic battery which is applied to body of patient- 
viz. electrode. 
Rheom'eter {rheos, current, metron, measure). Gal- 
vanometer ; measure of electromotive force of a cur- 
rent. 
Rhe'on. Rheum. 
Rhe'oscope {rheos, a current, skopeo, to inspect). 
Instrument for determining the presence of electrical 
currents. R., physiolog'ical, see Rheoscopic limb. 
Rheoscop'ic limb. Sensitive nerve-muscle prepara- 
tion, contraction of which determines the existence 
of the electrical current of muscles. 
Rheostat, rhe'o-stat {rheos, histemi, to stand). In- 
strument for registering the resistance of an electric 
current. To lessen or make the current uniform a 
rheostat is placed in the circuit, in order that exact 
uniformity of electrical force may be obtained. 
Rheotan'nic ac'id. CaeHseOu. Kind of tannic 
acid found in rhubarb. 
Rheotome, rhe'o-tome {rheos, current, temno, to cut). 
Instrument used to cut off or interrupt the faradic 
current. 
Rhetlne, rhet'in-a {rheo, to flow). Resin. 
Rhetini'tes {rhetinites). Resinatum. 
Rhetinoceron, rhet-in-o-sa'ron {retine, keros, wax). 
Resinatum. 
Rhetinodes, rhet-in-o'dees. Resinous. 
Rhetoranche, rhet-o-ran'ka {rheton, a speech, ancho, 
to strangle). See Pharyngitis, follicular. 
Rheum, rhoom {rheuma, rheo, to flow). Anythin 
watery discharge from mucous membranes or skin, 
as the thin discharges from the air-passages due to 
cold. R., salt, popular name in the United States, 
like " tetter," for various cutaneous affections, of the 
eczematous and herpetic forms especially. At times 
applied to a kind of chronic psoriasis; likewise to 
cutaneous affections in those who immerse the hands 
in metallic or acid solutions. 
Rheum (rhe'um) rhu'barb {Rha, now called Wolga, 
a river in Russia whence it was first brought). Ord. 
Polygonacese. The root of R. officinalis (Chinese rhu- 
barb) is most commonly used in medicine. Odor is 
aromatic, peculiar, and rather nauseous; taste some- 
what aromatic, subacrid, bitterish, and astringent, 
coloring the saliva and the urine yellow. It is easi- 
ly pulverized, forming a powder of a bright buff- 
yellow color. Water and alcohol extract its virtues. 
Rhubarb root is purgative, stomachic, and astringent. 
Externally the powder is sometimes sprinkled over 
ulcers to assist their granulation. In small doses 
taken internally it is stomachic. Numerous species 
of Rheum, as R. palmatum, R. undrdatum, and R. com- 
pactum, yield rhubarb root. The rhubarbs most used 
in the United States are the Chinese or India rhu- 
barb, the Russian, Turkey, or Bucharian rhubarb, 
and the European rhubarb. R. compac'tum, rheum. 
R. In'dicum, see Rheum. R. palma'tum, rheum. R. 
Rhapon'ticum, Rhapontic rhubarb; rhubarb of the 
ancients. It is more astringent than that of the 
Rheum palmatum, and less purgative. French, Rha- 
pontic, or Krimea rhubarb is obtained from this spe- 
cies, as well as from R. undulatum and R. compactum. 
R. Rhaponticum is the pie rhubarb or pie plant, culti- 
vated for its fleshy, esculent leaf-stalks. R. Rus'sicum, 
see Rheum. R. Sinen'se, see Rheum. R. Tur'cicum, 
see Rheum. R. undula'tum, see Rheum. 
Rheuma, rhoo'mah {rheuma, rheo, to flow). Catarrh; 
diarrhoea; rheum; rheumatism. Inflammation of a 
fibrous tissue, as in rheumatism and gout. In com- 
position, a flow, a defluxion; also rheumatism. R. 
catarrha'le, chronic bronchitis. R. epidem'icum, 
chronic bronchitis ; epidemic catarrh. R. pec'toris, 
catarrh. R. u'teri, leucorrhoea. 
Rheumapyra, rhoo-map'ir-ah {rheuma, pur, fever). 
Rheumatism, acute. 
Rheumarthritis, rhoom-arth-re'tis {rheuma, arthri- 
tis). See Rheumatism, acute. 
Rheumarthrosis, rhoom-arth-ro'sis {rheuma, arthro- 
sis, affection of the joints). Rheumatism of the joints. 
Rheumatalgia, rhoom-at-al'je-ah {rheuma, algos, RHEUMATIC 
pain). Rheumatic pain. R. arthrit'ica, see Rheuma- 
tism, acute. 
Rheumatic, rhoom-at'ik (rheumatikos). Belonging 
to rheumatism, as rheumatic fever. Also applied to 
one affected with rheumatism. R. at'rophy, rheu- 
matic atrophy. R. diath'esis, the special condition of 
the body that gives occasion to rheumatism. It may 
exist without presenting the usual phenomena in the 
joints, whilst the heart may be seriously affected. 
R. fe'ver, see Rheumatism. R. gout, see Rheumatism, 
acute. 
Rheumatics, rhoom-at'iks. Rheumatism. 
Rheumatism, rhoom'at-izm (rheuma). Rheumatism 
is a word used to denote a variety of clinical states, 
the underlying cause of which is supposed to be 
essentially the same. The disease may attack joints, 
muscles, fibrous or serous structures, or tissues; hence 
the terms muscular, articular, synovial, gonorrhoeal, 
cardiac, cerebral, etc. It may be acute, subacute, or 
chronic in its course and duration. It also includes 
rheumatic fever, various painful affections of joints, 
and different varieties of arthritis. It is character- 
ized subjectively by pain chiefly, which may be 
severe, lancinating, shifting, or dull boring, according 
to the variety of the disease and to the structures 
involved. Objectively there may be fever, local red- 
ness, and swelling when acute, or no perceptible 
change in the affected part, or in certain cases great 
deformity may result from inflammatory changes with 
secondary contraction and disability. The morbid 
anatomy and etiology of rheumatism remain doubtful. 
The causes commonly ascribed are the presence of 
lactic acid and excess of fibrin in the blood, cold, and 
micro-organisms. Practically, we know that the 
disease is due to some abnormal product of the bodily 
chemistry which produces the constitutional condition 
termed the rheumatic diathesis. R., acute', usually 
comes on with the ordinary symptoms of fever; soon 
after which, or simultaneously, or even before the ap- 
pearance of febrile signs, excruciating paius are felt in 
different parts of the body, particularly in the larger 
joints, which are more or less red and swollen, the 
pain shifting from one to another at times with great 
rapidity. The disease rarely, terminates in less than 
six weeks, during the greater part of which period 
the febrile symptoms remain severe; aud, what is 
peculiar to the disease, the skin, feeling extremely 
hot, may be covered daily with a profuse perspiration, 
and the pulse appear in no way modified by it. It 
is one of the essential symptoms of the affection, and 
consequently gives no relief. The only danger to be 
apprehended from acute rheumatism, despite the ap- 
parent severity of the symptoms, is the translation 
or extension of the disease-metatastic rheumatism- 
to some internal part, especially to the heart. This 
tendency must always be borne in mind. Acute rheu- 
matism seldom terminates in chronic; those liable 
to the former are rarely so to the latter, and con- 
versely. Sometimes it assumes a subacute form. 
After a few weeks the disease usually goes off, but 
leaves the patient very liable to a recurrence on 
slight exposures or errors of diet. At times acute 
rheumatism of the joints puts on the appearance of 
gout, seeming to be a complication of the two affec- 
tions. It is then called gouty or arthritic rheuma- 
tism, rheumatic gout, rheumatalgia arthritica, rheum- 
arthrosis, rheumarthritis, arthritis rheumatica 
or juvenilis, chronic ostearthritis, O. longa, rheuma- 
toid or rheumatic arthritis, or nodular rheumatism. 
When accompanied with deformity of a joint it is 
called arthritis deformans; of several joints, poly- 
arthritis deformans. When affecting the hip-joint of 
old people it is called morbus coxae senilis. R. of the 
arm, brachiorrheuma. R., arthrit'ic, see Rheumatism, 
acute. R. of the blad'der, cystorrheuma. R. of the 
bowels, enterorrheuma. R., cap'sular, rheumatism 
seated in the lining membrane of the joints and 
bursae of the tendons. The parts most liable to attacks 
are the feet and hands, where it is generally easily 
recognized by the enlargement of the joints; but the 
peculiar characters of the disease are most strikingly 
964 
RHEUMATOPHTHALM IA 
seen when it attacks the knee. R., cer'ebral, Rheu- 
matic meningitis, Rheumatic apoplexy; meningitis oc- 
curring during the course of acute rheumatism, prob- 
ably metastatic. R. of the chest, pleurodynia. R., 
chron'ic, is attended with pains in the hips, shoulders, 
knees, and other large joints; at times confined to one 
joint, at others shifting from one to another without 
occasioning inflammation or fever. Thus the com- 
plaint often continues for a long time, and then ceases. 
There is no danger attendant upon it; the patient 
may become lame, and is always liable to painful re- 
currences. Effusion of coagulable lymph is apt to 
occur, so as to occasion permanent thickening of the 
parts. Flannel should be worn next the skin as a 
preventive of the disease or even as an adjuvant to 
the treatment. The whole class of rubefacients may 
be used with advantage. The warm bath, especially 
the natural warm bath, the temperature of which does 
not vary, is a successful remedy. R. of the extrem'- 
ities, acrorrheuma. R. of the face, prosoporrheuma. 
R., gonorrhoe'al, rheumatism associated with gonor- 
rhoea. R., gout'y, see .RAewnatism, acute. R. of the 
heart, cardiorrheuma. R. of the hip, see Neuralgia 
femoropoplitsea. R., lead, see Lead rheumatism. R. of 
the leg, sclerrheuma. R. of a limb, merorrheuma. R., 
lo'cal, merorrheuma. R. of the loins, lumbago. R., 
metastat'ic, see R., acute. R., mus'cular, pain in the 
muscular structures increased by motion. R. of the 
neck, torticollis. R., nod'ular, see Rheumatism, acute. 
R., par'tial, merorrheuma. R., pre-abdominal, rheu- 
matism of the muscles of the anterior and lateral por- 
tions of the abdomen. R. root, Jeffersonia Bartoni. 
R. of the skin, see Dermalgia. R., sub'acute, see 
Rheumatism, acute. R., syno'vial, a rheumatic affec- 
tion in which an accumulation of non-purulent fluid 
occurs in the synovial sacs, especially of the knee- 
joints. R., top'ical, rheumatism affecting a limited 
area. R., ure'thral, Urethral fever, Stricture fever ; a 
peculiar affection, apparently pysemic, probably due 
to absorption of morbid materials from the urethra, 
accompanied with subacute inflammation of the syno- 
vial membranes and fibrous tissues about the ankle, 
heels, etc. R. of the u'terus, metrorrheuma. R., 
vis'ceral, rheumatism affecting the muscular or 
fibrous tissues of the viscera. R. weed, Pyrola macu- 
lata; P. umbellata. 
Rheumatis'mal. Rheumatic. 
Rheumatls'moid (rheumatism, eidos, resemblance). 
Resembling rheumatism. 
Rheumatismus, rhoom-at-iz'mus. Rheumatism. 
R. abdom'inis, cceliorrheuma. R. acu'tus, rheuma- 
tism, acute. R. articulo'rum acu'tus, rheumatism, 
acute. R. brach'ii, rheumatism of the arm. R. can- 
cro'sus, neuralgia faciei. R. cervi'cis, torticollis. R. 
col'll, torticollis. R. cor'dis, rheumatism of the heart. 
R. cru'ris, rheumatism of the leg. R. dorsa'lis, lum- 
bago. R. extremitat'um, rheumatism of the extrem- 
ities. R. facie'i, rheumatism affecting the face. R. 
febri'lis, dengue. R. frig'idus, rheumatism, chronic. 
R. gonorrho'icus, rheumatism, gonorrhoeal. R. habit- 
ua'lis, rheumatism, chronic. R. hypersthen'icus or 
inflammato'rius, rheumatism, acute. R. intestino'- 
rum, enterorrheuma. R. intestino'rum cum ul'cere, 
dysentery. R. invetera'tus, rheumatism, chronic. 
R. larva'tus, neuralgia faciei. R. loca'lis, menor- 
rheuma. R. lon'gus, rheumatism, chronic. R. mem- 
bro'rum singulo'rum, merorrheuma. R. metal'li- 
cus, see Tremor. R. muscula'ris or musculo'rum, 
rheumatism, muscular. R. partia'lis, merorrheuma. 
R. pec'toris, pleurodynia. R. phlegmono'des, rheu- 
matism of the muscles. R. spu'rius nervo'sus, neur- 
algia. R. subacu'tus, see Rheumatism, acute. R. 
synovia'lis, rheumatism, synovial. R. universalis 
febri'lis, rheumatism, acute. R. u'teri, metror- 
rheuma. R. vesi'cse urina'riae, rheumatism of the 
urinary bladder. R. vulga'ris, rheumatism, chronic. 
Rheumatodynia, rhoom - at - o - din' e - ah (rheuma, 
odune, pain). Rheumatism, chronic. 
Rheumatoid, rhoom'at-oid. Resembling rheuma- 
tism. R. arthri'tis, arthritis deformans. 
Rheumatophthalmia (rhoom-at-of-thal'me-ah) or RHEUMATOPYRA 
Rheumophthalmia, rhoom-of*thal'me-ah. Rheumatic 
ophthalmia. 
Rheumatopyra, rhoom-at-op'ir-ah (rheuma, pur, 
fever). Rheumatism, acute. 
Rheumato'sis. Rheumatism. 
Rheum'ic acid. Acid derived from rhubarb. 
Rheumophthalmia, room-of-thal'me-ah (rheuma, 
ophthalmia). Rheumatophthalmia; sclerotitis. Oph- 
thalmia of rheumatic origin. 
Rhexis, rheks'is (rhexis, rupture). Rupture of a ves- 
sel or organ. Spontaneous opening of an abscess. R. 
oc'uli, bursting of the eye from any cause, sponta- 
neous or excited. 
Rhicnosis, rhik-no'sis (rhiknoomai, to become wrin- 
kled). Wrinkling of the skin from extenuation of 
the body. 
Rhigolene, rhig'o-leen (rhigos, cold). Petroleum 
naphtha, used as a local anaesthetic; boils at 70° F., 
s. g. 0.625; is applied in the form of spray in the 
smaller operations, evaporation of the rhigolene pro- 
ducing a temperature 15° below zero. There is dan- 
ger of gangrene, however, from its use. 
Rhigos, rhig'os. Rigor. 
Rhin (rhin). Nose. 
Rhinacanthus, rhin-ak-an'thus. Root and leaves 
of R. communis. The active principle is Rhinocanthin, 
which resembles hydroquinone; employed in para- 
sitic affections of the skin. 
Rhinaesthesis (rhis, nose, aisthesis, sensation). The 
sense of olfaction or smell. 
Rhinaeus, rhin-e'us (rhis, nose). Compressor naris. 
Rhinalgla, rhin-al'je-ah (rhin, algos, pain). Pain 
in the nose. R. ab intru'sis, pain in the nose from 
foreign bodies. R. vermino'sa, pain in the nose from 
worms. 
Rhinanchone, rhin-an'ko-ne (rhin, anchone, stran- 
gulation). Contraction of the nose; snuffles. 
Rhinangia, rhin-au'je-ah. Rhinanchone; snuffles. 
Rhlnantralgia, rhin-an-tral'je-ah (antron, cavity, 
algos, pain). Pain in the nose and frontal sinuses. 
Rhinelcus (rhin, helkos, ulcer). Nasal ulcer. 
Rhinencephalia (rhin-en-sef-al'e-ah) or Rhinen- 
ceph'ale (rhin, en, in, kephale, head). Cyclopia. See 
Rhinocephalus. 
Rhinen'chysis or Rhinenchys'ia (rhin, en, in, chuo, 
to pour). An infusion or injection made into the 
nostrils with a syringe called Rhinenchites. 
Rhines, rhin'ees (pl. of Rhin). Nares. 
Rhineurynter, rhin'u-rint-er (rhin, eureuno, to 
dilate). An apparatus consisting of a bag or sac to be 
inflated after its introduction into the nose in epis- 
taxis. It resembles the colpeurynter of the obstetri- 
cians. 
Rhinion, rhin'e-on (rhis, nose). Lower extremity 
of suture between the nasal bones; superior median 
point of anterior nasal aperture. 
Rhinitis, rhin-e'tis. Inflammation of the nose; 
coryza. R., atroph'ic, ozaena; chronic inflammation 
of the nasal mucous membrane, with sensation of 
dryness in the nasopharyngeal region, thick puru- 
lent discharge of hard crusts, offensive odor, called 
ozaena, impaired sense of smell. R., hypertroph'ic, 
discharge of thick mucus from the nose ; acute coryza, 
nasal obstruction, breathing through the mouth, nasal 
tone of voice, headache over the forehead, impaired 
smell. R. ulcero'sa, ozaena. 
Rhino (rhis, nose). Prefix, in composition, meaning 
connection with or relation to the nose. 
Rhinoblennorrhoea, rhin-o-blen-nor-rhe'ah. Rhin- 
orrhoea. 
Rhinobyon, rhin-o'be-on (rhis, buo, to stop up). 
Instrument consisting of a tube and bladder of gold- 
beaters' skin, intended for tamponing the nasal fossae. 
Rhinocace, rhin-ok'as-e (rhis, kakos, evil). Offen- 
sive discharge from the nose and other symptoms in- 
dicating a morbid condition of the Schneiderian mem- 
brane that accompanies the worst forms of scarlatina. 
Rhinocarcinoma, rhin-o-kar-sin-o'mah. Nasal 
cancer. 
Rhinocatar'rhus. Coryza. 
Rhinocephalus, rhin-o-sef'al-us (rhis, kephale, head). 
965 
RHINOSIS 
Monstrosity characterized by a projection of the nose 
and a single orbit in which are two fused orbits, with- 
out any appreciable congenital lesion of the enceph- 
alon or of the eyes. 
Rhinoceros (rhin-os'er-os) leg. Elephantiasis. 
Rhinocleisis, rhin-o-kli'sis (rhis, kleio, to close). 
Obstruction of the nasal passages. 
Rhinocnesmus, rhin-o-nez'mus (rhis, knesma, itch- 
ing). Itching of the nose. 
Rhinocoelia, rhin-o-se'le-ah (rhis, koilia, cavity). 
Olfactory ventricle. 
Rhinodacryolithus, rhin-o-dak-re-ol'ith-us (rhis, 
dakruon, tear, lithos, stone). Calculus of the lacrymal 
passages. See Dacryolite. 
Rhinoderma, rbiu-o-dur'mah (rhis, derma, skin). 
Keratosis pilaris. 
Rhinodynia, rhin-o-din'e-ah (rhis, odune, pain). 
Pain in the nose. 
Rhinoeop'rion pen'etrans. Pulex penetrans. 
Rhinogramma, rhin-o-gram'mah. Nasal line. 
Rhinolere'ma or Rhinoleresis, rhin-o-ler-a'sis (rhis, 
leros, trifling). Abnormal olfaction. 
Rhinolite, rhin'o-lite (rhis, lithos, stone). See 
Dacryolite. 
Rhinolith, rhin'o-lith. Calculus in the nasal cavity. 
See Dacryolite. 
Rhinolithiasis, rhin-o-lith-e'as-is. The state of 
having nasal calculi. 
Rhinologist, rhin-ol'o-jist (rhis, logos). Specialist 
in treatment of affections of the nose. 
Rhinology, rhin-ol'o-je (rhis, logos, science). Science 
of nasal disease. 
Rhinonecrosis, rhin-o-nek-ro'sis. Nasal diseases 
attended by necrosis of bone. 
Rhinophonia, rhin-o-fo'ne-ah (rhis, phone, voice). 
Nasal voice ; speaking through the nose. 
Rhinophyma, rhin-o-fe'mah (rhis, phuma, tumor). 
Nasal tumor. 
Rhinoplas'tic (rhis, plasso, to form). Relating to 
rhinoplasty. 
Rhinoplasty, ri'no-plast-e (rhis, plasso, to form). 
Operation for forming a new nose, which dates far 
back. Three chief methods have been described: 
1. Method of Celsus, consisting in bringing forward 
the skin of the cheeks, and forming a septum, if 
necessary, from the lip; 2. Italian or Taliacotian 
method or operation, called also the German method, on 
account of the application made of it by Von Graafe, 
consisting in paring the edges of the nostrils, and 
uniting them to a graft taken from an arm, but left 
attached to it until union has taken place; 3. Indian 
method, cutting off the nose having been a common 
punishment for criminals in that country; now gen- 
erally adopted, the graft being taken from the fore- 
head. 
Rhinopolypus, rhin-o-pol'ip-us (rhis, polypus). 
Polypus of the nose. 
Rhinoptia, rhin-op'she-ah (rhis, optomai, to see). 
Act of seeing over the nose; squinting over the nose. 
Rhinorrhagia, rhin-or-rhaj'e-ah (rhis, rhage, a 
breaking forth). Bleeding at the nose; epistaxis. 
Rhinorrhaphy, rhin-or'rhaf-e (rhis, rhaphe, a su- 
ture). Operation for the removal of epican this, con- 
sisting in pinching up a longitudinal fold of the skin, 
including this fold in two elliptical incisions, remov- 
ing it, and bringing together the edges of the wound 
by harelip suture. 
Rhinorrhcea, rhin-or-rhe'ah (rhis, rheo, to flow). A 
discharge of limpid mucus from the nose without any 
inflammatory symptom; a gleet from the nose. 
Rhinoscleroma, rhin-o-skler-o'mah (rhis, skleros, 
hard). Chronic tuberculous induration of the nose 
and its vicinity, slowly developed and unaccompanied 
with oedema or inflammatory symptoms. 
Rhinoscope, rhi'nos-kope (rhis, skopeo, to view). 
Instrument of the speculum kind for inspecting the 
nasal passages. The operation is termed Rhinoscopy 
or Rhinoscopia. 
Rhinoscopy, rhin-os'ko-pe. See Rhinoscope. 
Rhinosis, rhin-o'sis (rhinos, skin, leather). State 
of looseness and excess of skin observed in phthisis. RHINOSTEGNOSIS 
Rhinostegnosis, rhin-o-steg-no'sis (rhis, stegnosis, 
constriction or obstruction). Narrowing of the canal 
of the nose from inflammation, swelling, etc. 
Rhinotrix, (rhis, thrix, hair). Fine hair in the ex- 
ternal nasal passages. See Vibrissa. 
Rhiptasmus, rhip-taz'mus (rhipto, to throw). Jac- 
tation. 
Rhiptolusia, rhip-to-lu'se-ah (rhipto, to throw, louo, 
to wash). Affusion. 
Rhis. Nose. 
Rhi'za. Root; radix. 
Rhi'zo- (rhin, rhiza, root). Prefix meaning relation 
to or connection with a root. 
Rhizodontrypy, rhiz-o-don'trip-e (rhiza, odous, tooth, 
trupao, to perforate). Perforation of the root of a 
tooth for the discharge of fluid. 
Rhizography, rhiz-og'raf-e (rhiza, grapho, to write). 
A treatise describing roots of plants. 
Rhizology, rhiz-ol'o-je (rhiza, logos, description). 
The study or science of roots. 
Rhizoma, rhiz-o'mah (rhiza, root). Rhizome. The 
part of the root of a plant consisting of wood or flesh, 
as in the carrot. See Rhizome. 
Rhizome, rhiz-ome'. That part of a plant beneath 
the earth, running more or less horizontally, and con- 
sisting of joints, with leaves in form of scales. 
Rhizonychia, rhiz-o-nik'e-ah (rhiza, onux, nail). 
See Nail. 
Rhizophagus, rhiz-of'ag-us (rhiza, phago, to eat). 
One who lives on roots. 
Rhizotomist, rhiz-ot'o-mist (rhiza, tome, incision). 
Radiciseca. 
Rhizotomus, rhiz-ot'om-us. Apothecary. 
Rhoa, rho'ah. Punica granatum. 
Rhodelae'on (rhodon, elaion, oil). Oil of roses or oil 
impregnated with roses. 
Rhodeorrhetin, rho-de-or-rhet'in. Convolvulin. 
Rhodia, rho'de-ah (rhodon, a rose, owing to odor). 
The root, Roseroot, when dry, smells pleasantly and 
is slightly astringent; it is not used. 
Rhodinus, rho-de'nus. Rosy; formed of, or con- 
taining, roses. 
Rhodiola rosea, rho-de'o-lah ro'ze-ah (dim. of 
Rhodia). Rhodia. 
Rhodites vinum, rho-de'tees ve'num (rhodites, 
oinos). Wine in which roses have been macerated. 
Rhodium lignum, rho'de-um lig'num (rhodon, rose). 
Rosewood. Wood or root of Genista Canariensis. Ord. 
Leguminosae. The essential oil is a perfume, and 
possesses cordial and tonic virtues. 
Rhodius, rho'de-us. Rosy; formed of or containing 
roses. 
Rhododaphne, rho-do-daf'ne. Nerium oleander. 
Rhododaphnis, rho-do-daf'nis. Nerium oleander. 
Rhododendron chrysanthemum, rho-do-den'dron 
kris-an'them-um (rhodon, dendron, tree). Oleander, 
Rose-bay, Yellow or Yellow-flowered rhododendron, Moun- 
tain laurel. Ord. Ericaceae. This plant has been rec- 
ommended in rheumatism, gout, and syphilis. Over- 
doses produce acronarcotic symptoms. R. max'imum, 
Great laurel, American rose-bay ; indigenous shrub, ord. 
Ericaceae, flowering in July; stimulant and astrin- 
gent, being used by the Indians in gout and rheuma- 
tism. R. puncta'tum, indigenous, has similar prop- 
erties. 
Rhodomela palmata, rhod-o-ma'lah pal-mat'ah. 
Dulse. One of the Algae, eaten largely throughout 
the maritime countries of the north of Europe and 
in the Grecian Archipelago. 
Rhodomeli, rhod-om'el-e (rhodon, meli, honey). Mel 
rosae. 
Rhodon, rho'don. Rosa; rosa centifolia. 
Rhodophane, rho'do-fane (rhodon, rose, phanos, lu- 
minous). Rose-colored pigment obtained from the 
retina of birds. 
Rhodopsin, rho-dop'sin (rhodon, rose, ops, eye). 
Purple color of the retina, observed in the external 
segment of the rods. Visual purple. 
Rhodosaccharum, rho-do-sak'ar-um (rhodon, sac- 
charum, sugar). Confectio rosae Gallicae. 
Rhodostacton, rho-do-stak'ton. Mel rosae. 
966 
RHUBARB 
Rhodostagma, rho-do-stag'mah (rhodon, stagma, 
that which has been dropped). Aqua rosse. 
Rhoea, rhe'ah (rhoia). Punica granatum. 
Rhoeadic (rhe'ad-ik) ac'id. Coloring material dis- 
covered in red-poppy petals. 
Rhoeadina, rhe-ad-e'nah. An alkaloid obtained from 
all parts of Papaver rhceas, the ripe capsules of Pap- 
aver somniferum, and from opium, soluble and in 
white prisms. Rhoeagenine is derived from it. 
Rhoeadine, rhe'ad-een. C21H21N6O. An alkaloid 
of opium, not important medicinally. 
Rhceados petala (Ph. Br.), rhe'ad-os pet'al-ah. 
Fresh petals of Papaver rhceas. 
Rhoeagenine, rhe-aj'en-een. See Rhceadina. 
Rhceas, rhe'as. See Papaver rhceas. 
Rhcebde'sis (rhoibdeo, to sup up). Absorption. 
Rhoeum, rhe'um. Rheum. 
Rhogmus, rhog'mus. Rale. 
Rhoites, rho-e'tees (rhoa, the pomegranate). Wine 
impregnated with the pomegranate. A confection 
made by boiling the juice of pomegranates in honey. 
Rhomboid, rhom'boid (rhombos, a rhombus whose 
sides are equal, with two obtuse and two acute angles; 
eidos, resemblance). Having the shape of a rhombus. 
R. lig'ament, costo-clavicular ligament. R. mus'cles, 
flat muscles arising from the ligamentum nuchse and 
spines of seventh cervical and four upper dorsal ver- 
tebrse, and inserted into vertebral border of the scap- 
ula ; it is divided for the transmission of vessels 
about the union of the upper and middle thirds, and 
hence it has been described as two muscles, rhom- 
boideus major and minor, or superior and inferior. 
Rhomboi'dal si'nus. Fourth ventricle of the 
brain. 
Rhomboideus, rhom-bo-id-a'us (same etymon as 
Rhomboid). A muscle situate at the posterior in- 
ferior part of the neck and at the posterior part of 
the back, having a rhomboidal shape, and attached, 
by its inner edge, to the posterior cervical ligament 
and to the spinous processes of the last cervical ver- 
tebrae, and of the first four or five dorsal. By its 
outer edge it is attached to the spinal or posterior 
edge of the scapula. It is divided into two fasciculi, 
constituting the rhomboideus major and R. minor, 
the latter being situate higher than the other. This 
muscle draws the scapula backward and upward, 
bringing its inferior angle nearer to the spine, and, 
consequently, depresses the anterior angle and the 
shoulder. See Rhomboid. 
Rhom'bo-occipita'lis. A muscle arising from the 
spinal border of the scapula and inserted below the 
middle third of the superior curved line of the occip- 
ital bone. 
Rhombos, rhom'bos. A bandage mentioned by 
Galen ; so called on account of its rhomboidal shape. 
Rhonchal, rhon'kal (rhonehus, rattle). Relating or 
appertaining to rhonehus, as rhonchal fluctuation. 
Fremitus occurring through the influence of respira- 
tion is attendant upon cavernous rhonchi. 
Rhonehus, rhon'kus. Rille; snoring; stertor. R., 
cav'ernous, see Gurgling. R., cavern'ulous, see 
Gurgling. R., click'ing, rhonehus which has been 
considered positively indicative of the existence of 
tubercles in the lungs. R. crep'itans, see Crepitant. 
R. crep'itans re'dux, see Crepitant. R., mu'eous, see 
Rale, mucous. R. slb'ilans, see Rale, crepitant. R. 
sib'ilus, rale, sibilant. R., sono'rous, snoring or coo- 
ing sound caused by contraction of the bronchial 
tubes. R., subcrep'itant, see Rale, mucous. 
Rhopalosis, rho-pal-o'sis (rhopalon, club, the hair 
being matted like a club). Plica. 
Rhopalum, rho'pal-um. Penis. 
Rhope, rho'pe (rhope, a moving forward or down- 
ward). Congestion. 
Rhophalismus, rho-fal-iz'mus. Priapism. 
Rhotacismus, rho-tas-iz'mus. Rotacism. 
Rhox (rhox, fissure). Pupil; uvea. 
Rhu'barb (rha, barbaros, foreign). Rheum. R., 
Chinese', see Rheum. R., French, Rheum Rhaponti- 
cum. R., In'dla, see Rheum. R., Krime'a, Rheum 
Rhaponticum. R., monk's, Rumex alpinus, Rumex RHUMA 
patientia. R., pie, Rheum Rhaponticum. R., poor 
man's, thalictron. R., rhapon'tic, Rheum Rhapon- 
ticum. R., Rus'sia, see Rheum. R., Tur'key, see 
Rheum. R., wild, Convolvulus panduratus. 
Rhuma, rhoo'ma. In composition, a flow or de- 
fluxion ; rheumatism. See Rheuma. 
Rhumapyra, rhoo-map'ir-ah. Rheumatism, acute. 
Rhumatalgia, rhoo-mat-al'je-ah. Rheumatism, 
chronic. 
Rhus aromat'ica. The bark of the root of 
sweet sumach. R. Bel'gica, Myrica gale. R. copal- 
li'na, see Rhus typhina. R. coria'ria, Sumach, Shu- 
mach, Elmleaved sumach, ord. Anacardiaceae; this is the 
only species of the genus Rhus that is innocent; both 
the leaves and berries are used as astringents and 
tonics. R. diversal'oba, a variety of rhubarb grow- 
ing on the Pacific coast. R. gla'bra, Smooth or Pennsyl- 
vania sumach; indigenous and officinal; infusion of 
the fruit (Rhus glabra, Ph. U. S.), which is acid and 
astringent, has been used as a cooling drink and as a 
gargle; infusion of the inner bark of the root has been 
recommended in mercurial ptyalism. R. meto'pium, 
tree growing in tropical zone of America. R. pu'- 
mila, exceedingly poisonous variety; grows in 
Southern U. S. R. radi'cans, Poison vine ; this plant 
is extremely acrid when applied to the skin, produces 
erysipelas and vesications, and has been used, like R. 
toxicodendron, in paralysis and other nervous affec- 
tions; see Poisons (table of). R. semial'ta, Chinese 
and Japanese tree yielding Chinese galls, which con- 
tain 70 per cent, of tannic acid. R. succeda'nea, see 
Wax, Japan. R. sylves'tris, Myrica gale. R. toxi- 
coden'dron (Ph. U. S.), Poison oak, the fresh leaves 
of which are employed in paralytic affections, eczema, 
erysipelas, etc.; poisonous, like R. radicans. R. 
typhi'na, Stag's horn Sumach, and R. copalli'na, 
Mountain sumach, have similar properties to Rhus 
glabra. R. venena'ta, Poison sumach, and R. pu'mila 
have similar properties to Rhus toxicodendron. R. 
ver'nix, R. radicans. 
Rhyas, rhe'as (rheo, to flow). Ulceration of the 
lacrymal caruncle, with a constant flow of tears. 
Rhyma, re'mah. Medicament. 
Rhynchoprion (rhin-kop're-on) pen'etrans. Pulex 
penetrans, sand-flea, or chique. 
Rhynophyma, rhin-o-fe'mah (rhis, phuma, growth). 
Acne rosacea of long standing, in which, by cell-infil- 
tration and hyperplasia of connective tissue deep in 
the skin, a red lobulated tumor of considerable size 
is formed. 
Rhyparia, rhip-ar'e-ah (rhupos, dirt). Rupia. 
Embarras gastrique. 
Rhyp'ia. Rupia. 
Rhyptic, rhip'tik (rhuptikos, adapted for cleansing). 
Applied to a substance having detergent properties. 
Rhyp'tica (rhuptikos, adapted for cleansing). De- 
tergents. 
Rhyp'ticus. Abstergent. 
Rhyptolusise, rhip-to-lu'se-e (rhupto, to cleanse, 
lusis, solution). See Affusions. 
Rhy'pus. Sordes. 
Rhy'sis. Flux; rhyas. 
Rhyssema, rhis-sa'mah. Wrinkle. 
Rhythm (measured movement). Order of propor- 
tion as regards time reigning between the different 
movements of an organ or of the organism in health 
or disease. Thus, rhythm is applied to the regular 
daily variations of the pulse, and to the paroxysmal 
movements of an intermittent. 
Rhyth'mical (rhuthmikos). Periodical. R. contrac'- 
tions of muscles are those succeeding one another 
after regular intervals. 
Rhyth'mus. Rhythm. 
Rhytidosis, rhit-id-o'sis. Act of wrinkling. Cor- 
rugation and subsidence of the cornea. Destruction 
or atrophy of the eye. 
Rhytis, rhe'tis. Wrinkle. 
Rib. Costa. R., false, see Costa. R., floating, 
see Costa. R., ster'nal, see Costa. R., true, see 
Costa. 
Ribbon of Vicq d'Azyr or Vicq d'Azyr' s line. 
967 
RICINUS 
Whitish streak seen microscopically on section of the 
cortex of the brain, especially in the region of the 
calcarine fissure. 
Ri'bes (of Arab, origin) glossula'ria. R. uva crispa. 
R. ni'grum, Black currant, Gazel; ord. Grossulacese; 
the berries-Black currants-have been recommended 
in sore throat and as diuretics ; the leaves have been 
advised for the same purpose; chiefly used as preserves. 
R. offlcina'le, E. rubrum. R. ol'idum, E. nigrum. R. 
ru'brum, Bed currant, of which the white is a variety. 
It is cultivated, afibrding an agreeable fruit-red cur- 
rants-possessing qualities of the subacid fruits in 
general; it makes an excellent preserve. R. u'va 
cris'pa, Common gooseberry; the fruit-Gooseberry, 
Feaberry-is agreeable, making a good preserve. R. 
vulga'ris, E. rubrum. 
Rib'grass. Plantago lanceolata. 
Ribs. See Costa. R., neck of the, narrow part of 
the ribs between the head and tubercle. R., short, 
see Costa. 
Rib'wort. Plantago Virginica. 
Rice. Oryza. R. bod'ies, corpora oryzoides. R., 
Can'ada, Zizania aquatica. R. disease, cholera. R., 
ground, see Oryza. R. jel'ly, see Oryza. R. starch, 
rice flour, smallest commercial starch, with polygonal 
granules. R. wa'ter, see Oryza. The evacuations 
of cholera have been termed, from their resemblance 
to rice-water, rice-water discharges, and in India con- 
gee discharges-congee, in Hindoostanee, meaning 
rice-water. R., wild, Zizania aquatica. 
Rich'leaf. Collinsonia Canadensis. 
Rich'ter's her'nia. Enterocele partially strangu- 
lated, so that the lumen of the intestine is partly 
open; parietal enterocele. 
Rich'weed. Actea racemosa; Ambrosia trifida; 
Collinsonia Canadensis ; Pilea pumila. 
Ricinela'idic ac'id. Acid produced by saponifica- 
tion of ricinelaidin. 
Ricinela'idin. Substance resulting from acting 
on castor oil with peroxide of nitrogen. 
Ricini (ris'in-e) o'leum. Castor oil; fixed oil ob- 
tained from seeds of E. communis by compression, 
consisting of ricinoleic acid combined with glyceryl. 
Its action is laxative or purgative. Dose, f 3j-f 
Ric'inic {ricinus). Eelating to castor beans or oil. 
R. acid, acid obtained from castor oil (oleum ricini). 
Ricinine, ris'in-een. Non-purgative alkaloid in 
castor oil. 
Ricinoides, ris-in-o-e'dees {ricinus, eidos, resem- 
blance). Jatropha curcas. 
Ricino'leate of glyc'eryl. Eicinoleic acid in com- 
bination with the base glyceryl in castor oil. 
Ricinoleic (ris-in-o'le-ik) ac'id. C18H34O3. Liquid 
fatty acid made by saponification of castor oil. 
Ricinolein, ris-in-o'le-in. A saponifiable oil like 
olein, one of the component parts of castor oil, stearin 
and palmitin being the other ingredients. 
Ricinus communis ris'in-us kom-mu'nis {ricinus, 
a tick, which its seed resembles). Castor-oil plant, 
ord. Euphorbiacese. Castor seeds, whence the oil 
is obtained, are inodorous; taste acrid and slightly 
sweetish. One or two seeds-semina cataputi® 
majoris or ricini vulgaris-will act as a cathartic, 
but the oil is alone used. It is obtained by bruising 
the castor seeds, previously decorticated, and then 
expressing the oil without the application of heat. 
Recently-drawn castor oil-in the United States 
often called simply Oil-is inodorous, nearly in- 
sipid, cathartic, operating speedily, and may be 
used in cases where powerfully stimulating purga- 
tives would be injurious. Dose, f'3j to f,?j- At 
the Cape of Good Hope the oil is obtained from 
Ricinus lividus. A variety of Ricinus at Cape Verd 
is employed by the inhabitants to increase the secre- 
tion of milk, being applied in the form of poultice 
made with the green leaves to the mammae, or of a 
strong decoction with which the mammae and exter- 
nal parts of generation are washed. See Bicinolein. 
R. liv'idus, see Bicinus communis. R. ma'jor, Jatropha 
curcas. R. mi'nor, Jatropha manihot. R. vir'idis, 
E. communis. R. vulga'ris, E. communis. RICK 
Rick. Malleolus. 
Rick'ets. Ehachitis. 
Rick'ety. Rhachiticus. 
Rictus, rik'tus (ringor, rictus, to show the teeth). 
Yawning; risus sardonicus. R. lupi'nus (lupus, 
wolf), fissure of the palate; see Hare-lip. 
Ri'der's bone. Bony development in adductor 
muscles of the leg from saddle-pressure. See Drill 
bone and Exercise bone. R.'s bur'sa, fluctuating swell- 
ing of the groin from enlarged bursa; same causation 
as rider's bone. 
Ri'ding (of bones). Displacement of the fragments 
of a bone, chiefly produced by the contraction of 
muscles, which occasions shortening of the limb, the 
fractured extremities riding over each other instead 
of being end to end. R. hag, incubus. 
Rife. Prevailing; as applied to diseases. 
Ri'gal's su'ture. Twisted suture made with rub- 
ber rings. 
Riggs's disease'. Pyorrhoea alveolaris. 
Right lymphat'ic duct. See Lymphatic vessels. 
Right-hand'edness. Dextral pre-eminence. By some 
this is considered to be due to the greater develop- 
ment of the left side of the brain, to the larger size 
of the arteries on that side, and to the left carotid 
being less tortuous, and therefore more direct, than 
the right. 
Rigiditas, rij-id'it-as. Rigidity. R. articulo'rum, 
stiffness of the joints; false ankylosis. 
Rigidity, rij-id'it-e (rhigeo, to stiffen). Rigor. 
Great stiffness of fibre or want of suppleness. The 
stiffness of the dead body, cadaveric rigidity, is one 
of the signs of the cessation of life. It may be 
removed, however, for a time, by the injection into 
the arteries of oxygenated defibrinated blood. See 
Rigor mortis. 
Rigor (rhigeo, to stiffen, especially from cold). 
Coldness, Rigidity. Sensation of cold, with involun- 
tary shivering or shaking of the whole body- 
a symptom of fever. A slighter degree of, and at 
times full, rigor is sometimes termed a chill. R. ar'- 
tuum, contractura. R. cadavero'sus, rigor mortis. 
R. congesti'vus, congestive chill. R. cor'poris 
mor'tui, rigor mortis. R. emortua'lis, rigor mortis. 
R. maxil'lse inferio'ris, trismus. R. mor'tis, Stiff- 
ness of death; death-stiffening; rigidity of limbs oc- 
curring on dissolution; see Rigidity. R. nervo'rum 
or nervo'sus, tetanus. 
Ri'ma. A fissure; a cleft. The opening of the 
glottis. The opening of the vulva; see Vulva. The 
opening of the mouth. R. cana'lis orbita'rii, sub- 
orbitar fissure. R. clu'nium, see Nates. R. glot'- 
tidis, see Rima and Glottis. R. hel'icis, slit occa- 
sionally found in the cartilage of the ear at the 
junction of the helix and crus helicis. R. hyper- 
glot'tica, [see Larynx. R. ad infundib'ulum, vulva 
cerebri. R. laryn'gis, rima glottidis. R. mag'na 
vul'vse, see Rima. R. o'ris, see Rima. R. palpe- 
bra'rum, see Palpebra. R. puden'di, see Rima. R. 
transver'sa mag'na cer'ebri, fissure, transverse, of 
the brain. R. ventric'uli, opening between the ven- 
tricle of the larynx and general laryngeal cavity. 
R. voca'lls, glottis. R. vul'vae, see Rima. 
Ri'mae (pl. of Rima). Ehagades. 
Ri'mous or Rimose (rtma, a cleft). Craclied or 
fissured. 
Ri'mula (dim. of Rima). A small fissure or cleft. 
R. glot'tidis, see Rima. R. laryn'gis, rima glottidis. 
Ri'mule. Rimula. 
Rinse'us (rhin). Compressor naris. 
Rinderpest, rin'der-pest (rinder, cattle, pest, plague). 
The cattle-plague is so called by the Germans. It is 
the steppe disease, Russian cattle-plague, contagious 
typhoid fever, pestilential fever, typhus contagiosus 
bovum of different writers. 
Ring. A name given to natural circular or round- 
ish apertures, with muscular or aponeurotic parietes, 
serving for the passage of some vessel or part-as the 
umbilical ring, inguinal ring, etc. R., abdom'inal, see 
Obliquus externus abdominis. R., arthrit'ic, see 
Sclerotic zone. R. bone, deposit of bony material 
968 
> RIZZOLI-ESMARCH OPERATION 
about the coronet of horses' feet. R., cramp, see 
Cramp rings. R., cru'ral, crural canal. R., fem'oral, 
opening between Gimbernat's and Poupart's liga- 
ments and pubic bone. R. finger, annular or fourth 
finger. R. pes'sary, circular pessaries made of hard 
or soft rubber. 
Ring'man. Annular or fourth finger. 
Rings, festooned. Tough tendinous tracts in the 
heart. R., fibrocartilaginous, R., festooned. 
Ring'worm. Tinea trichophytina; herpes circina- 
tus. R. of the scalp, porrigo scutulata. R., ul'cera- 
tive, herpes exedens. R., vesic'ular, herpes prseputii. 
Rinne's test. Method of examining the hearing 
to find out whether the conductive or perceptive 
mechanism is diseased, by the application of a vibrat- 
ing tuning-fork over the mastoid process. Just before 
vibrations cease it is transferred to a position opposite 
the meatus. The distinctness with which it is heard 
determines whether conduction is better by air or by 
bone. 
Riolan's (re'o-lan's) muscle. Certain fibres of or- 
bicularis palpebrarum. 
Rio Ne'gro sarsaparilla. Para sarsaparilla. 
Ris'agon. Cassumuniar. 
Rish'teh. Dracunculus. 
Risidon'trophy (rhiza, root, odous, tooth, trupao, to 
bore). Operation of boring a hole through the root 
of a tooth. 
Risigallum, ris-e-gal'lum. Orpiment. 
Ri'sing. Abscess. See Regurgitation. R. of the 
lights, cyuanche trachealis. R. or Eleva'tion of the 
pulse, Pulsus elevatio; the pulse is said to rise when 
it becomes more full and frequent; occurring in the 
exacerbations of acute disease. 
Risipola, ris-ip'o-lah. Erysipelas. R. Lombar'da, 
pellagra. 
Riso'rius (rideo, to laugh). Upper part of the 
platysma myoides. It arises from the parotid fascia, 
and is inserted into the angle of the mouth. It causes 
certain motions of the lips in the act of laughing. 
R. novus, portion of the platysma myoides which 
passes from the cheek toward the commissure of 
the lips. 
Rissigallum, ris-se-gal'lum. Orpiment. 
Risus, re'zus (rideo, to laugh). Laughing, Laughter, 
Laugh. Involuntary movement of the muscles of the 
face, and of the lips in particular, accompanied with 
a sonorous and interrupted expiration, commonly in- 
dicating mirth or satisfaction. R. a'pium, ranuncu- 
lus sceleratus. R. cani'nus, canine laugh. R. invol- 
unta'rius, canine laugh. R. sardon'icus, R. sar- 
do'nius, canine laugh. R. spas'ticus, canine laugh. 
Ritgen's method. Introduction of fingers into the 
rectum to fix the head of the child to prevent lacera- 
tion of the perineum. 
. Rit'ter's tet'anus. Tetanus after breaking of 
electrical current. 
Rit'ter-Val'li law. When a nerve is cut off from 
its central connection, artificially or by disease, it 
first increases its excitability, this increase com- 
mencing at the central end and going toward the 
periphery, and then gradually disappearing. 
Rivallie's caustic. Solidified nitric acid. A gelat- 
inous paste made by adding nitric acid in its highest 
degree of concentration to lint in an earthen vessel, 
being usually left on a part for fifteen or twenty min- 
utes, or even, as in encephaloid cancer, for twenty- 
four hours. 
Ri'valry. Competition for supremacy. R. of 
colors, when visual fields present different colors. 
R. of con'tours, contours situated in the monocular 
fields in such a manner as to overlap each other in 
the binocular field. 
Riv'erweed. Conferva rivalis. 
Ri'ving. Eructation. 
Rivinus (riv-e'nus), duct of. See Sublingual gland. 
Rivol'ta's disease. Actinomycosis. 
Rivus lacrymalis, re'vus lak-re-mal'is (rivus, 
small stream). See Palpebra. 
Rizzo'li-Es'march operation. Operation making 
section or ramus of lower jaw for ankylosis. ROAN TREE 
Roan tree. Sorbus aucuparia. 
Rob. This word, of Arabic extraction, means the 
juice of any fruit thickened to the consistence of 
honey by evaporation before fermentation. The juice 
of grapes boiled to this consistence was called Sapa, 
and, when not quite so thick, Defrutum. R. anti- 
syphilit'icum de Laffecteur, see Syrupus de sarsapa- 
rilla et sennd compositus. R. ex mo'ris, diamorum. 
R. nu'cum, diacaryon. 
Roberts's differencial den'sity meth'od. Take 
sp. gr. of urine; mix of the urine with half a 
cake of Fleischman's yeast; warm for twenty-four 
hours; estimate sp. gr. and deduct from that pre- 
viously taken. Each degree of the remainder is equiv- 
alent to one grain of sugar to the fluidounce. Multiply 
by 0.219 to obtain the percentage. R.'s pel'vls, 
double synostotic or transversely contracted pelvis; 
ankylosed pelvis. R.'s rea'gent, for purpose of doing 
away with objections to HNO3 in Heller's test, add 
1 vol. strong HNO3 to 5 vols. saturated and filtered 
solution of magnesium sulphate. Perform the test in 
same manner as in Heller's test. 
Rob'ertson's pu'pil. Argyll-Robertson's pupil. Con- 
dition of myotic pupil responding to accommodation, 
but not to light; an early symptom of tabes. 
Robinia amara, ro-bin'e-ah am-ar'ah (after the 
Robins, French botanists). Ord. Leguminosse. The 
roots of the Robinia amara of Cochin China are bitter, 
and have been recommended, especially in that 
country, in diarrhoea and dyspepsia. R. pseu'do-aca'- 
cia, False acacia, Black locust, Locust tree; native of 
America. Flowers are said to possess antispasmodic 
properties, and the bark of the root is considered 
emetic and cathartic. 
Rob'in-run'away. Glechoma hederacea. 
Rob'in-run-the-hedge. Galium aparine. 
Rob'in's rye. Haircap moss; stem and leaves of 
Polytrichum juniperum. Powerful diuretic. R.'s 
plan'tain, Erigeron bellidifolium. 
Roborans, ro'bo-rans (roboro, to make strong). 
Corroborant. 
Roborant, rob'o-rant {roboro, to make strong). In- 
vigorating, strengthening. 
Roborantia, rob-o-ran'she-ah. Tonics. 
Ro'bub. Rob. 
Roccella, rok-sel'lah {roca, a rock or stone). Lichen 
roccella. R. tincto'ria, Lichen roccella. 
Rocheal'um. Light, rose-colored alum, first made 
at Rocca, Syria. 
Rochelle (ro-she!) pow'ders. See Powders, soda, 
and Sedlitz, mineral waters of. R. salt, sodium tartrate. 
Rochetta Alexandrina, ro-shet'tah al-eks-an-dre'- 
nah. Soda. 
Rock cress. Aralis lyrata. Supposedly diuretic 
and antiscorbutic. R. fern, Adiantum pedatum. R. 
fe'ver, intermittent fever. R. oil, petroleum. R. 
rose, herb, Helianthemum corymbosum. Used in 
diarrhoea, secondary syphilis, and scrofula as as- 
tringent, tonic, and alterative. R. weed, Geranium 
Robertianum. 
Rock'ett, gar'den. Brassica eruca. R., Ro'man, 
Brassica eruca. 
Rock'y Moun'tain fe'ver. Form of typho-malarial 
fever met with in high altitudes, as in the Rocky 
Mountains. 
Rod'dikin. Abomasus. 
Ro'den tree. Sorbus aucuparia. 
Ro'dens. See Sorbus aucuparia. 
Ro'dent {rodo, to gnaw). Phagedenic. R. can'- 
cer, see Ulcer, rodent. R. ul'cer, ulcer, rodent. 
Rod-fi'bres, Minute fibrils attached to the base of 
the retinal rods, and prolonged throughout the outer 
nuclear layer. 
Rod-gran'ules. Granules in outer nuclear layer 
of retina, connected with the retinal rods. 
Rods of Cor'ti. See Corti. R. of Hei'denhain, fibrils 
seen in endothelial cells of tubules of the kidney, 
running vertically to the basement membrane. R. 
of ret'ina, minute rod-cylinders placed perpendicu- 
larly upon the outer layer of the retina, except at 
the position of the macula lutea. 
969 
ROSA 
Rod-wax. Accumulations upon machinery about 
oil-wells; it has been used in bronchial affections. 
Roe'derer's obliq'uity. Flexion of chin of child 
at superior strait in labor. 
Ro'hab. Eob. 
Rohe'na bark. Swietenia. 
Ro'hob. Eob. 
Ro'hun. See Strychnos nux vomica. R. bark, bark 
of Soymida febrifuga, having tonic, astringent, and 
antiperiodic virtues. 
Rolan'do, fis'sure or fur'row of. Fissure of Eo- 
lando. R., tu'bercle of, see Tubercle of Rolando. 
Roll sul'phur. Crude sulphur run into cylindrical 
moulds. 
Roll'er. Bandage; fascia. 
Ro'man. Eelating to or derived from Eome. R. 
a'lum, a good variety of alum coming from Tolfa, 
near Eome, made from alunite. R. cham'omile, 
Anthemis nobilis. R. cli'mate is considered one of 
the best in Italy; is very still, hence a good winter 
climate for consumptives, admitting of open-air exer- 
cise. R. fen'nel, fennel fruit of large size and aro- 
matic. R. fe'ver, typho-malarial type of fever. R. 
worm'wood, absinthium. 
Rom'berg's sign or symp'tom. Unsteadiness and 
uncertainty of gait of ataxies in the dark. R.'s tro- 
phoneuro'sis, facial hemiatrophy. 
Ron'chus. Snoring; stertor; rhoncus. 
Rone. Sorbus aucuparia. 
Rongeur, ron-zhur' (F.). Bone forceps, having 
sharp, semicircular, concave points. 
Ron'nachs. Triticum repens. 
Roob. Eob. 
Roof of the mouth. Palate. R. nu'cleus, a gray 
nucleus over roof of fourth ventricle, in the lobus 
centralis and lingula. 
Root. Eadix. R., a'gue, Aletris farinosa. R., 
bit'ter, Apocynum androssemifolium. R., Can'ada, 
Asclepias tuberosa. R., col'ic, aletris. R. doc'tor, 
herb doctor. R., red, celastrus; Lachnanthes tincto- 
ria. R., rough, liatris. R. of scar'city, Beta hy- 
brida. R. sheath of hair, portion of hair-follicle 
derived from the epidermis, being composed of outer 
and inner layers, corresponding respectively to the 
rete mucosum and the horny layer. R., squaw, 
Actaea racemosa. R., sweet, Acorus calamus. R., 
u'nicorn, Aletris farinosa. R., white, Ligusticum 
actseifolium. R., yel'low, Jeffersonia Bartoni; Xan- 
thorriza apiifolia. R. zo'nes, the anterior include 
all fibres of anterior columns of spinal cord except 
those of the pyramidal tracts; the posterior zone is 
the fasciculus cuneatus. 
Rope'bark. Dirca palustris. 
Rorel'la (ros, dew). Drosera rotundifolia. 
Rorif 'erous (ros, dew, ferro, to carry). An epithet 
given to vessels pouring exhaled fluids on the surface 
of organs. R. duct, thoracic duct. 
Ros (dew). Sperm. R. Calab'rinus, see Fraxinus 
ornus. R. so'lis, Drosera rotundifolia. R. Syri'acus, 
see Fraxinus ornus. 
Ro'sa (rose). E. centifolia. Erysipelas. R. afze- 
lia'na, E. canina. R. al'ba, the JPTiite rose; ord. 
Eosacese. The flowers of this species possess similar 
but inferior qualities to the damask. R. arma'ta, 
E. canina. R. Astu'rica, see Pellagra. R. Austri'- 
aca, R. Gallica. R. calyci'na, E. canina. R. cani'na, 
Dogrose, Wild brier. The fruit of this variety, called 
Heps or Hips, Hops, has a sourish taste and is formed 
into a conserve. See Confectio cynosbati. Seldom em- 
ployed except to give form to more active remedies, 
as to pills, boluses, linctuses, etc. R. centifo'lia, 
Damask, Pale, Hundred-leaved, or Cabbage rose. The 
petals of this rose, Rosa centifolia (Ph. U. S.), have an 
extremely fragrant odor and suhacidulous taste. 
They are laxative, but are scarcely used for any pur- 
poses except for the distillation of rose-water, oil of 
roses, attar, otto, or essence of roses, and the forma- 
tion of a syrup. R. Damasce'na, E. centifolia. R. 
Gal'lica, Red rose. The petals of this variety, Rosa 
Gallica (Ph. U. S.), are astringent, and are used in in- 
fusion, conserve, etc. R. leucan'tha, E. alba. R. ROSACEA 
pal'lida, R. centifolia. R. ru'bra, R. Gallica. R. 
ru'bra vulga'ris, R. canina. R. sal'tans, essera. 
R. sentico'sa, R. canina. R. Swartzia'na, R. 
canina. R. sylves'tris, R. canina. R. usitatis'- 
sima, R. alba. 
Rosacea, ro-sah'se-ah. Acne rosacea. R. erythe- 
mato'sa, general redness of the skin of a part. R. 
hypertroph'ica, red skin due to dilated capillaries. 
R. papulo'sa et pustulo'sa, red skin, accompanied by 
eruption of papules and pustules. 
Rosa'ceus {rosa). Relating to or resembling roses. 
Rosa'go. Nerium oleander. 
Rosa'lia {rosa, rose, from color). Scarlatina. See 
Rubella. 
Rosa'li®. Scarlatina. 
Rosan'iline. Fuchsin. Derivative of aniline, em- 
ployed in albuminuria in the form of hydrochlorate 
of rosaniline. 
Rosatus, ro-zat'us. Relating to or resembling roses. 
Rose. Erysipelas (from color); rosa. R. ap'ple, fruit 
of Eugenia jambos. R. bay, rhododendron. R., cab'- 
bage, Rosa centifolia. R. cam'pion, Lychnis githago. 
R. catarrh', rose fever; an affection analogous to hay 
asthma, prevalent in parts of the United States where 
the rose is largely cultivated. R. ce'rate, white wax, 
50 parts; oil of almond, 100 parts; melt together; add 
carmine, 0.5 parts; oil of rose, 0.5 parts. R., Christ'- 
mas, Helleborus niger. R. cold, hay fever. R., cop'- 
per, Papa ver rhoeas. R., corn, Papa ver rhoeas. R., 
da'mask, Rosa centifolia. R., dog, Rosa canina. R., 
dog, con'serve or confec'tion of, confectio ros® canin®. 
R. drop, gutta rosea; Rosa canina. R. gar'land, rha- 
chit'ic, see Rhachitic. R., hun'dred-leaved, Rosa cen- 
tifolia. R. laur'el, Kalinia centifolia; calico bush. R., 
marine, rosmarinus. R., pale, Rosa centifolia. R. 
rash, roseola; erythema; rotheln; erysipelas. R.,red, 
Rosa Gallica. R., rock, Helianthemum corymbosum. 
R. spots, see Spots, red. R. wa'ter, aqua ros®; made 
by aqueous distillation of petals of the white rose, or 
by dissolving 1 part of oil of rose in 10,000 parts of 
distilled water. R., white, Rosa alba. R. wil'low, 
swamp dogwood; see Cornus sericea. 
Ro'sea. Rosy ; resembling a rose. 
Rose'balm, scar'let. Monarda coccinea. 
Rose'bay, Amer'ican. Rhododendron maximum. 
Rose'in. Fuchsin. 
Rosellina, ro-zel-le'nah {rosa, rose, on account of 
color). Roseol®. 
Rose'mary. Rosmarinus. R., marsh, Statice limo- 
nium and S. Caroliniana. R., wild, Eriocephalus 
umbellulatus. . 
Ro'senbach's sign. Absence of abdominal reflex. 
Rosenmuller's (ro'zen-mil-ler's) body. Parovarium. 
R.'s fold, semilunar duplication of mucous membrane 
in the lacrymal sac. R.'s gland, lower part of lacry- 
mal gland. R.'s or'gan, parovarium. 
Roseola, ro-ze'o-lah {rosa, rose, on account of color). 
Rose rash. An efflorescence in blushing patches, 
gradually deepening to rose-color, mostly circular or 
oval; often alternately fading and reviving; some- 
times with colorless nucleus; chiefly on the cheeks, 
neck, or arms. It is frequently found, as a symptom, 
in dentition, dyspepsia, rheumatism, etc., and is of no 
consequence. Infantile rose, Summer rose, etc. are all 
forms of rose rash. See Roseolse, Rubeola, and Scarla- 
tina. R. acno'sa, gutta rosea. R. ®sti'va, the form 
of the affection which prevails in summer. The erup- 
tion is of darker color, and is attended with more 
itching; occurring in autumn, it is called Roseola 
autumnalis. R. annula'ta, characterized by patches 
in the form of rose-colored rays, with central areas 
of the color of the skin. R. autumna'lis, see Roseola 
sestina. R. choler'ica, erythema papulatum. R. feb- 
ri'lis, R. miliaris. R. fico'sa, sycosis. R. infanti'lis, 
see Roseola. R. milia'ris, R. febrilis; a rosy blush ac- 
companying miliary fever. R. puncta'ta, roseola cha- 
racterized by punctated appearance. R. rheumat'ica, 
rose rash accompanying rheumatism and gout. R. 
symptomat'ica, see Roseola. R. typho'sa, spots, red. 
R. vaccin'ia, an eruption coexistent with the forma- 
tion of the vaccine vesicle, and commencing around 
970 
ROTATORES 
and about the seat of the vaccination; Vaccine lichen. 
R. variolo'sa, roseolae. 
Rose'olse. False or French measles. Name given 
by some to an acute exanthem, midway between 
measles and scarlatina, belonging to neither one nor 
the other, as it affords no protection against either. 
It is called rubeola by some, and rubeoloid, a term 
which is applicable to any eruption resembling 
rubeola. An eruption often preceding that of small- 
pox is termed roseola variolosa, erythema variolosum. 
Rose'pink. Chironia angularis. 
Rosette, ro-zet'. See Karyokinesis. 
Roseus, ro'ze-us (rosa). Rosy. 
Rose'-water. Aqua rosae. 
Rose'wood. Rhodium lignum. 
Rose'wort. Rhodia. 
Ros'in, black (resina). Colophonia. R., brown, 
colophonia. R. weed, Silphium laciniatum. R., white, 
see Pinus sylvestris. R., yel'low, see Pinus sylvestris. 
Rosio stomachi, ro'ze-o stom'ak-e (rodo, to cor- 
rode). Cardialgia. R. ventric'uli, cardialgia. 
Rosmarinum, ros-mar-e'num. Rosmarinus. 
Rosmarinus, ros-mar-e'nus (ros, dew, marinus, ma- 
rine). Rosemary. Ord. Labiatae. The leaves of this 
plant, Rosmarinus (Ph. U. S.), have a fragrant, grate- 
ful smell, and an aromatic, warm, bitterish taste, de- 
pending on an essential oil combined with camphor. 
Rosemary has been recommended in nervous head- 
aches in the form of infusion. It is rarely used, 
except for its odor. Its oil-oleum rosmarini-is 
official. From two to six or ten drops are given in 
nervous complaints, rubbed up wuth sugar. R. hor- 
ten'sis, rosmarinus. R. latlfo'lius, rosmarinus. R. 
officina'lis, rosmarinus. R. stce'chadis fa'cie, Teu- 
crium creticum. R. sylves'tris, Ledum sylvestre. 
Rosolic (ro-zol-ik) ac'id. C20H16O3. A phenol acid 
derivative, made by action of nitric acid upon rosan- 
iline. Insoluble in water, soluble in alchol or ether; 
crystalline in form; used as a dye, especially for his- 
tological purposes. 
Rossalia, ros-sal'e-ah (rosa, the rose, from its color). 
Scarlatina. R. squamo'sa, scarlatina. 
Rossolio, ros-so'le-o. See Spirit. 
Ros'trum (a beak). A name given to several old 
forms of forceps, on account of their resemblance to 
the beaks of different birds, as rostrum of the sphe- 
noid bone or of the corpus callosum. See Lamina 
spiralis. R. exter'num, olecranon. R. porci'num, 
acromion. R. poste'rius, olecranon. R. sphenoida'le, 
azygous process of sphenoid bone. 
Ro'sy Bet'ty. Erigeron bellidifolium. R. bush, 
Spiraea tomentosa. R. drop, gutta rosea. R. whelk, 
gutta rosea. 
Rot. Wasting disease in man or animals, espe- 
cially affecting the lungs. See Distoma hepaticum. 
R., grind'er's, asthma, grinder's. 
Ro'tacism. A vicious pronunciation of the letter 
r, common in the northern parts of England; called 
there the Burr or Burrh. 
Rotacismus, ro-tah-siz'mus. Rotacism. 
Rotatio, ro-tah'she-o (roto, to turn round). Diar- 
throsis. R. spi'nae, Revolving spine ; congenital dis- 
position in some animals, as the calf, similar to the 
twist of the spinal column seen in lateral curvature. 
Rotation, ro-ta'shun. The action of turning of a 
limb upon its axis. R. stage of la'bor, so called be- 
cause of the rotation of the presenting portion of the 
foetus. It is internal when in the parturitive, canal ; 
external after the birth of the presenting portion of 
the child. 
Rota'tor (roto, to turn round). Name given to 
several muscles turning the parts to which they 
are attached upon their axes; such as the oblique 
muscles of the eye, the pronators, supinators, etc.; 
trochanter. 
Rotato'res dor'si. Eleven small muscles on each 
side of the dorsal vertebrae, arising from the point or 
upper edge of each transverse process, passing to the 
lower edge of the arch of the vertebra above as far 
as the base of the transverse process, their action 
rotating the individual vertebrae on each other. R. ROTCOLL 
fem'oris, obturator muscles. R. oc'uli, oblique mus- 
cles of the eye. 
Rot'coll. Cochlearia armoracia. 
Rdth'eln. Rubella. 
Rottacismus, rot-tah-siz'mus. Rotacism. 
Rottlera Schimperi, rott-la'rah shim-pa're. A large 
tree of Abyssinia, ord. Euphorbiacese, the bark of 
which, called cortex musenae, formerly known as cor- 
tex brayerae anthelminticae, mixed with koosso, is used 
in that country against tapeworm. R. tincto'ria, 
a eupborbiaceous plant of India; a powder is attached 
to the fruit-capsule of this plant, which is brushed 
off and collected when the fruit is dry. It is called 
kamala (Ph. U. S.). See Kameela. It is used in Northern 
India as a vermifuge for dogs, proving effectual against 
tapeworm in man. The purgative dose is two or three 
drachms. Crystals of what has been called Rottierin 
are deposited from an ethereal extract of rottlera. 
Rotula, rot'u-lah (rota, wheel). Patella; trochiscus. 
R. ge'nu, patella. 
Rotulad, rot'u-lad. See Rotular aspect. 
Rotular, rot'u-lar (rotata). Relating or appertain- 
ing to the patella. R. as'pect, an aspect toward the 
side on which the patella is situated (Barclay). Rot- 
ulad is used by the same writer adverbially to signify 
" toward the rotular aspect." 
Rotulian, ro-tu'le-an. Relating or belonging to the 
rotula or patella. 
Rotunzdus (rota, wheel). Round. 
Rouge's operation. Operation for exposure of the 
nares for removal of tumors or dead bone. The upper 
lip and lower end of the nose are cut loose from the 
upper jaw and the flap displaced upward. 
Rouget's muscle. The circular part of the ciliary 
muscle. 
Rough'root. Liatris. 
Round ([L.] rotundas'). Anatomists have given this 
name to many organs whose fibres are collected in 
round fasciculi. See Teres. R. car'damoms, Amo- 
mum cardamomum, native of East Indies. R. fora'- 
men, a foramen of the sphenoid bone, a little behind 
the foramen lacerum superius, which gives passage to 
the second branch of the fifth pair of nerves, called 
superior maxillary. R. lig'aments of the u'terus, 
two cords arising from the lateral and superior parts 
of the uterus, whence they proceed toward the ab- 
dominal rings, which they pass through, terminating 
by vanishing in the areolar tissue of the groins, mons 
Veneris, and labia majora. These cords are whitish, 
flattened, and narrower in the middle than at the 
extremities. See Teres ligamentum. R. win'dow, 
fenestra rotunda. R. worm, ascaris lumbricoides. 
Round'heart. Thaspium atropurpureum. 
Round'tree. Sorbus aucuparia. 
Roup. Cynanche trachealis; raucedo. 
Routine practitioner, roo-teen' prak-tish'un-er. 
Routinist. 
Routinist, roo-teen'ist {routine, a regular habit or 
practice, unvaried by circumstances). One who prac- 
tises in such an unvaried manner-a routine practi- 
tioner. 
Roux's amputation. Amputation of the whole 
foot, tibia and fibula, treated as in Syme's operation, 
with an internal flap. 
Ro'ving (wandering). Delirium. 
Row'an tree. Sorbus aucuparia. 
Roy'al stitch. Ligature about the neck of a hernial 
sac. R. touch, see Touch. 
Rub'ber, In'dian. Caoutchouc. 
Rub'bing. Friction; massage. R., dry, see Fric- 
tion. R., moist, see Friction. R. sound, bruit de 
frottement. 
Ruhedo, ru-ba'do (rubeo, to be red). A diffused, but 
not spotted, redness on any part of the skin, like that 
which arises from blushing ; blushing. 
Rubefacient, ru-be-fa'shent (rubeo, to be red, facio, to 
make). Producing redness; a medicine which pro- 
duces redness of the skin. The action is called Rube- 
faction, a gentle local irritant. 
Rubella, ru-bel'lah (rubeo, to be red). Bastard or 
German measles, Hybrid of measles and scarlatina, Anom- 
971 
RUBUS 
alous exanthem. A form of eruption resembling 
measles, sometimes not unlike scarlatina, dusky red, 
uniformly distributed, without catarrhal symptoms, 
not contagious, and of very favorable prognosis; by 
some regarded as coexistent measles and scarlatina. 
It was at first confounded with variola. 
Rubeola, ru-be'o-lah (rubeo, to be red). One of the 
major exanthemata; generally affecting individuals 
but once, and produced by specific contagion. The 
rash usually appears on the fourth, but sometimes on 
the third, fifth, or sixth day of a febrile disorder; 
after continuing four days, gradually declines with 
the fever. The disease generally commences from 
ten to fourteen days after the contagion has been re- 
ceived. The eruption first shows itself in distinct, 
red, nearly circular spots, somewhat less than the 
ordinary areolae of flea-bites. As these increase in 
number they coalesce, forming small patches of an 
irregular figure, but approaching nearest to that of 
semicircles or crescents ; these patches are intermixed 
with single circular dots and with interstices of 
the natural color of the skin. On the face they are 
slightly raised, so as to give the sensation of inequal- 
ity of surface to the finger passed over the cuticle. 
The disappearance of the eruption is followed by 
desquamation of the cuticle. Measles is not danger- 
ous of itself, but is liable to induce pneumonia in 
winter and dysentery in summer, which are, at 
times, very fatal. These are apt to come on at the 
time of, or soon after, the disappearance of the erup- 
tion. When they supervene, they must be treated as 
idiopathic affections. See Eruptive diseases (table). A 
form of rubeola called rubeola spuria or E. sine ca- 
tarrho has been described, in which the rash runs its 
regular course, with little fever or catarrhal affection, 
affording no certain security against the common or 
regular disease. Eubeola nigra or black measles is a 
name given to an unusual appearance of the measles 
about the seventh or eighth day, when the rash be- 
comes suddenly livid, with a mixture of yellow. In 
the uncomplicated forms of measles but little treat- 
ment is necessary. Epidemic measles has occasionally 
prevailed largely in the military service, and has been 
called camp measles. R. German'ica, rubella. R. 
ni'gra, see Eubeola. R. no'tha, rubella; roseolse. R. 
spu'ria, see Eoseolae and Eubeola. 
Rubeo'lse. Eoseolse. 
Rube'oline (rubeola). Term proposed by Dr. Wm. 
Farr for the specific zymotic principle by which 
measles is propagated. 
Rube'oloid (rubeola, eidos, resemblance). See Eo- 
seola. 
Rubia, ru'be-ah (ruber, red). Dyer's madder, Madder. 
Family Eubiaceae. The root, Eubia (Ph. U. S.), has 
a bitterish, somewhat austere taste, and a slight, not 
agreeable smell. It was formerly considered deob- 
struent, detergent, and diuretic. 
Rubidium, ru-bid'e-um. Uncommon alkaline 
metal, resembling potassium chemically and physi- 
cally. R. ammo'nium bro'mide, EbBr(NHiBr)3; 
white soluble powder, suggested as substitute for 
potassium bromide in epilepsy; sedative and hyp- 
notic. R. chlo'ride lowers the pulse-rate, increases 
arterial tension. 
Rubiginous, ru-bij'in-us (rubigo, rust). Eusty. 
Having rusty color. Epithet given to the sputa in 
certain cases of pneumonia. 
Rubigo, ru-be'go. Eust. 
Ru'bi-jer'vine. A principle, traces of which are 
found in veratrum viride. 
Rubi'nus ve'rus (ruber, red). Anthrax. 
Ru'bor (redness). Eubedo. 
Rubrica fabrilis, ru-bre'kah fab-ril'is (ruber, red). 
Eed, heavy earthy matter, formerly employed for 
making drying powders-Hard ruddle, Eed chalk. R. 
Sinop'ica, a heavy, compact, reddish earth from 
Sinope, formerly used in diarrhoea. 
Ru'brin (ruber, red). Hsematin. 
Ru'bus (ruber, red). The pharmacopoeia! name 
(Ph. U. S.) of the bark of the root of Eubus Cana- 
densis, E. villosus, and E. trivialis. Also genus of RUCKING 
plants, ord. Rosaceae. Useful in the summer diarrhoea 
of children. R. affl'nis, R. fruticosus. R. arc'ticus, 
Shrubby strawberry; fruit is antiseptic, refrigerant, 
and antiscorbutic. R. ba'tus, R. caesius. R. cae'sius, 
Dewberry plant; fruit resembles the blackberry 
in appearance and properties; bark of the root of 
American dewberry or Low blackberry is astringent. R. 
Canaden'sis, see R. caesius. R. chamsemo'rus, Cloud- 
berry tree, Cloudberries, Knotberries; the ripe fruit 
is sometimes prepared as a jam, and used in fevers, 
etc. to allay thirst. It has been much extolled as an 
antiscorbutic. R. flagella'ris, see R. caesius. R. 
frambcesia'nus, R. idaeus. R. frondo'sus, R. fruti- 
cosus. R. frutico'sus, Common bramble, which af- 
fords Blackberries, Brambleberries; the berries are 
eaten as a summer fruit, of which they form a poor 
variety; bark of the root of the American blackberry, 
high or standing blackberry, hairy American bram- 
ble, is astringent, having been used in the last stages 
of dysentery and in cholera infantum. R. idse'us, 
Raspberry; fruit of best varieties very agreeable, 
being much used. R. ni'ger, R. fruticosus. R. occi- 
denta'lis, see R. strigosus. R. panicula'tus, R. fru- 
ticosus. R. procum'bens, see R. caesius. R. strigo'- 
sus, Wild red raspberry of the United States; leaves 
are a mild astringent, like those of Rubus occidentalis, 
Black raspberry. R. trivia'lis, see Rubus caesius. R. 
vulga'ris, R. fruticosus. 
Ruck'ing {ructus). Eructation. 
Ructa'men (rwcto, to belch). Eructation. 
Ructatio, ruk-tah'she-o. Eructation. 
Ructuositas, ruk-tu-os'it-as. Eructation carried to 
a morbid degree. 
Ruc'tus. Eructation. R. ac'idus, acid eructation. 
Rudbeck'ia lacinia'ta (after the Rudbecks of Up- 
sal). Conefiower, Thimbleweed. Indigenous; order, 
Composite. Diuretic; having been given in nephritic 
affections. 
Rud'dle, hard. Rubrica fabrilis. 
Rudimental (ru-de-men'tal) or Rudimen'tary (radis, 
rude, the first beginning). That which is but slightly 
developed. 
Rudol'phia frondo'sa (after C. A. Rudolphia, a 
botanist of Jena). Butea frondosa. 
Ruft {rive, rived). Eructation. 
Ru'fus's pills. Pills of aloes and myrrh. 
Ruga (pl. Rugae). Wrinkle. Term especially ap- 
plied to the rugae of the stomach and vagina; also 
to ridges on bones for insertion of muscles and liga- 
ments. 
Ru'gae pennifor'mes. Palmae uteri plicate. 
Rugi'tus {rugio, to roar). Particular species of 
borborygmus having a roaring sound. 
Ru'gose {ruga, a wrinkle). Wrinkled. 
Rugosity, ru-gos'it-e. Fold, wrinkle, or roughness. 
Ru'gous. Wrinkled. 
Rui'zia fra'grans. Species of Pneumus boldus, ord. 
Monimiaceae. Evergreen shrub, native of Chili. Wood 
is used to make charcoal, and the bark for tanning 
purposes. 
Rum. Molasses spirit. Spirit distilled from sugar 
or molasses. See Spirit. R., bay, spiritus myrciae. 
R. blos'som, acne rosacea. R. buds, gutta rosea. 
R. cher'ry, Prunus Virginiana; choke-cherry. 
Ruma, ru'mah. Mamma. 
Ru'men. Paunch of animals. See Plenalvia. 
Rumenotomy, ru-men-ot'o-me {rumen, tome, section). 
Operation of opening the rumen or paunch of animals 
in case of impaction, etc. of that organ. 
Ru'mex acetosel'la {ruma, a teat, in allusion to 
the Romans sucking it to allay thirst). Sheep sorrel, 
Field sorrel. Indigenous Rumex (Ph. U. S.) is root of 
R. crispus and other species of Rumex; has similar 
virtues with R. aceto'sus, Sour dock, Sorrel, Common 
sorrel, ord. Polygonacese; leaves are sour, being used 
in cookery and also as a refrigerant. R. acu'tus, 
Sharp-pointed wild dock; decoction of the root has 
long been used in cutaneous affections; sometimes 
employed for the cure of the itch. R. aetnen'sis, R. 
scutatus. R. alpi'nus, the systematic name of the 
plant that affords Monk's rhubarb; see Rumex patien- 
972 
RUPTURE 
tia. R. aquat'icus, Rumex hydrolapathum. R. Bri- 
tan'nica, Rumex hydrolapathum. R. confer'tus, R. 
patieutia. R. cris'pus, native of Europe, but common 
in America. R. di'gynus, Oxyria reniformis. R. 
gigante'a, Vegetable mercury, Mudar, Muddar, Mu- 
darrh; bark of the root has a reputation in the East 
Indies for the treatment of leprosy, elephantiasis, etc. 
R. glau'cus, E. scutatus. R. hasta'tus, E. scutatus. 
R. hastifoTius, E. scutatus. R. hydrolap'athum, 
Water dock; leaves of this plant are subacid, and said 
to be laxative. Eoot has been used as a tonic, astrin- 
gent, and antiscorbutic; having also been employed 
externally in some cutaneous affections. R. inter- 
me'dius, E. acetosus. R. obtusifoTius, Blunt-leaved 
dock, Bitter dock; root of this, as well as of R. cris'- 
pus, Curled or Sour or Yellow dock-Rumex (Ph. U. 
S. -has similar virtues to those of the other species, 
both being used in decoction in the same cases as 
sarsaparilla. R. oxyo'tus, E. scutatus. R. paludo'- 
sus, E. acutus. R. patien'tia, Patientia, Monk's rhu- 
barb ; this root is supposed to possess the virtues of 
rhubarb, but in an inferior degree. R. pusil'lus, E. 
acutus. R. sanguin'eus, Bloody dock or Bloody-veined 
dock; root has an austere astringent taste, and has 
been employed in dysentery R. scuta'tus, Roman 
or Garden sorrel, Green sauce, French sorrel; virtues 
the same as those of the common sorrel. R. tube- 
ro'sus, E. acetosus. 
Rumina'tion (rwminatio, chewing of the cud). Func- 
tion peculiar to ruminating animals, by which they 
chew a second time the food they have swallowed. 
An analogous phenomenon is sometimes seen in 
man. 
Ru'mis. Mamma. 
Rum'met. Pityriasis. 
Rump (D. rwmp, G. rumpf). The crupper; the re- 
gion of the coccyx; the buttocks. R. bone, coccyx. 
Run'ches. Sinapis arvensis. 
Runcina, run-se'nah (a plane). Easpatorium. 
Runcinula, run-sin'u-lah (dim. of Runcina). Eas- 
patorium. 
Run'net. Rennet. 
Run'ning. Succession of leaps, executed rapidly, 
to transport the body from one point to another. 
Pathologically, a discharge of pus. Rennet. 
Run'round. See Paronychia. 
Rupes, ru'pees (cliffs). Lips of the vulva. See 
Lip. 
Rupia, ru'pe-ah (rAupos, filth). An eruption of 
large flatfish blebs, which contain a fluid-at first 
serous, afterward puriform, and often bloody-which 
rapidly concretes into crusts, at the base of which are 
ulcers of variable depths. If the spots are of incon- 
siderable size, it is called rupia simplex; if the crusts 
are large and prominent, rupia prominens. R. ca- 
chec'tlca, Pompholyx epinyctis. R. escharot'ica, 
known in Ireland under the names white blisters, 
eating hives, and burnt holes. An affection which 
bears a close similarity to pemphigus, particularly 
in the absence of a thick rugous crust, while in its 
chief feature, that of ulceration, it evidently belongs 
to rupia. R. prom'inens, see Rupia. R. sim'plex, 
see Rupia. R. syphilit'ica, a term used to designate 
the thickly-stratified crusts of flat pustular syphilitic 
skin lesions. 
Rupial, ru'pe-al. Appertaining or relating to rupia 
Ruptibilitas, rup-te-bil'it-as (rumpo, ruptum, to 
break, habilis, able). Fragility. 
Ruptilitas, rup-til'it-as. Fragility. 
Ruptio, rup'she-o (rumpo, to break). Rupture of a 
vessel or organ. 
Rupto'rium (rumpo, ruptum, to break). Cauterium. 
R. commu'ne, potassa fusa. 
Ruptura, rup-tu'ra (rumpo, ruptum, to break). Her- 
nia ; laceration; rupture of a vessel or organ. R. ar- 
te'riae, aneurism. R. co'rnese, ceratorrhexis. R. 
hernio'sa, hernia. R. ova'rii, oariorrhexis. R. 
u'teri, rupture of the uterus. R. vagi'nse, colpor- 
rhexis. 
Rup'ture (rumpo, to break or burst). Hernia; 
rhexis. R. of the groin, bubonocele. R. of the RUPTURED 
heart, cardiorrhexis. R. herb or wort, Herniaria 
glabra. 
Rup'tured. See Hernial. 
Rus'cus. Wild myrtle, Centromyrine, Butcher's broom. 
Ord. Smilace®; root has been recommended as ape- 
rient and diuretic. R. aculea'tus, ruscus, belonging 
to ord. Asparagine®. European shrub, Butcher's broom, 
Knee holly. Root is officinal; possesses diuretic vir- 
tues. R. hypoglos'sum, formerly used against re- 
laxed uvula. 
Rush, sweet. Acorus calamus; Juncus odoratus. 
R., u'terine, bruit placentaire. 
Rus'ma. See Orpiment. 
Rusot. See Oxycantha Galeni. 
Rus'sian. Relating to or derived from Russia. R. 
cas'tor, kind of castor gotten from the Russian 
beaver; is better than the Canadian variety. R. 
i'singlass, officinal isinglass. R. lic'orice root, ra- 
dix liquiriti® mundata; more bitter than Spanish 
licorice. R. mus'tard, the seeds of Sinapis juncea, 
grown in south of Russia. R. rhu'barb, Chinese rhu- 
barb, formerly taken overland into Russia and ex- 
ported thence. 
Rust. Hydrates, carbonates, and oxides which 
collect on metallic surfaces. Species of uredo grow- 
ing on stalks of several cereals. 
Rus'wut. See Oxycantha Galeni. 
Rut. Heat. 
Ru'ta. Common rue; ord. Rutace®. The plant has 
a strong, ungrateful odor, and bitter, pungent taste. 
It is so acrid as to blister the skin. Its properties are 
reputedly tonic, stimulant, antispasmodic, and em- 
menagogue. The leaves are officinal-Ruta (Ph. U. S.). 
Oleum rutse (Ph. U. S.), distilled oil of rue, is antispas- 
modic; externally, rubefacient ; dose, gtt. ij-vj. R. 
973 
RYTIS 
al'tera, ruta. R. capra'ria, Galega officinalis. R. 
grave'olens, ruta. R. horten'sis, ruta. R. mura'- 
ria, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
Rutab'ulum. Penis. 
Ruta'ceum (ruta). Vinegar of rue. 
Ruth'erford's solu'tion. Solution for hardening 
and decalcifying- specimens of tissues, consisting of 
chromic acid. 1 grm., water 200 c.c., with 2 c.c. of 
nitric acid. 
Ru'tic ac'id. Capric acid. 
Rutido'ma. See Rutidosis. 
Rutido'sis (rhutidoo, to wrinkle). Act of wrink- 
ling; as Rutidoma means a shrivelled or wrinkled 
body. Destruction or atrophy of the eye. Corruga- 
tion and subsidence of the cornea. 
Ru'tilin. Resinoid substance created by the chemi- 
cal reaction between sulphuric acid and salacin. 
Rut'ting. Sexual excitement in female animals at 
time of rupture of the ovisacs. 
Ruysch (Dutch anatomist, 1638-1731), glom'erules 
of. Malpighian corpuscles. R., u'terine mus'cle of, 
fibres at the fundus, according to R., having inde- 
pendent action. 
Ruyschlana tunica, rish-e-an'ahtu'nik-ah. Accord- 
ing to Ruysch (pron. Risch) and the greater part of 
his disciples, the choroid coat of the eye is formed 
of two laminae. Tunica cellulosa Ruyschiana is the 
areolar substance under the peritoneal covering of 
the stomach. It is not usually numbered among the 
coats of that organ, although in an exact study of 
the stomach it might be so regarded. 
Rye. Secale. R., horned, ergot. R., Rob'in's, 
Polytrichum juniperinum. R., spurred, ergot. 
Rytidosis, rit-id-o'sis. Rutidosis. 
Ry'tis (rhutis). Wrinkle. s 
974 
SACCHARUM 
s. 
S., S. a., etc. See Abbreviation. 
Sabadil'la (Ph. B.). Dried ripe seeds of Schce- 
nocaulon officinale. Veratrum sabadilla. See Vera- 
trina. 
Sabadillin, sab-ad-il'lin. See Veratria. 
Sabadilline, sab-ad-il'leen. See Veratria. 
Sa'bal serrula'ta. Saw palmetto. Grows in South- 
ern States; sedative, diuretic, expectorant, and nu- 
tritive. Given in laryngeal and bronchial troubles, 
asthma, ozaena, etc. 
Sabatil'la. Veratrum sabadilla. 
Sab'atrine. C102H86N2O34. An alkaloid derived 
from cevadilla. 
Sabbatia, sab-bat'e-ah (after Sabbati, an Italian 
botanist). Chironia angularis. S. angula'ris, Chiro- 
nia angularis. S. Elliot'ii, quinine flower. Plant of 
ord. Gentianaceae, whose habitat is Florida. Flower 
is antiperiodic. Glucoside Sabbatia has been obtained 
from it. 
Sabina (Ph. U. S.), sab-e'nah. Tops of Juniperus 
sabina. See Juniperus sabina. 
Sabinse cacumina, sab-e'ne kak-u'min-ah. Junip- 
erus sabina. 
Sab'ine. Juniperus sabina. 
Sabu'cus. Sambucus. 
Sabulous, sab'u-lus (sabulum, sand). Sandy deposit 
often seen in the urine. 
Sab'ulum cona'rii. See Pineal gland. 
Sabu'ra. Saburra. 
Sabur'ra (coarse sand or ballast). Commonly it 
means foulness of the stomach, from vitiated matters 
supposed to be retained and accumulated in the 
stomach-the result of imperfect digestion-and 
which have been sometimes considered as a morbid 
product of the mucous secretion of that organ or of 
the biliary secretion; at others, as a residuum from 
alimentary substances badly digested. The Saburral 
condition or state is an accumulation of saburrae in 
the stomach, which the humorists considered the 
cause of a number of diseases. S. vermino'sa, hel- 
minthiasis. 
Sabur'ral. Relating or appertaining to saburrse. 
S. fe'ver, fever with much gastric disorder, coated 
tongue, and sordes. 
Saburratio, sab-ur-rah'she-o. Arenation. 
Sac. See Sack. S., hernial, an envelope or pouch, 
formed by the serous membrane of the cavity, whence 
the viscus has escaped. We distinguish, in a hernial 
sac, its orifice or the opening by which it communicates 
with the great cavity lined by the serous membrane; 
its cervix or neck, the narrow portion on the outside 
of the orifice, where strangulation sometimes occurs; 
the body, which is the round, prominent part; and 
the fundus or bottom, the part opposite to the orifice. 
S., lac'rymal, see Lacrymal puncta. S. of the omen'- 
tum, see Epiploon, gastrohepatic. S., se'rous, the shut 
cavity formed by any serous membrane, as by the 
pleura or peritoneum. 
Saccated, sak'ka-ted (saccus, a sac). Encysted. 
Also pouched, as the colon. Sacculated, a diminutive 
of saccated. 
Sacchar, sak'kar. Saccharum. 
Sac'charate of lime. Calcaria saccharata. 
Saccharated, sak'ar-a-ted (saccharum). Made from 
or containing sugar. S. car'bonate of iron, a mix- 
ture of ferric oxide, ferrous carbonate, and sugar. S. 
fer'rous i'odide, consisting of ferrous iodide and 
sugar of milk, which prevents oxidation of the iron 
salt. S. i'ron, reddish-brown mixture of ferric hy- 
drate and sugar, soluble in water. S. pep'sin, con- 
sisting of pepsin and sugar of milk. 
Saccharephidrosis, sak-ar-ef-id-ro'sis. Sweet per- 
spiration, a form of hyperidrosis. 
Sac'chari faex (dregs of sugar). Molasses. 
Saccharic (sak'ar-ik) ac'id. CsHioOs. Acid made 
by action of nitric acid upon sugar. It is colorless, 
amorphous, and deliquescent. 
Saccharif'erous (saccharum, fero, to carry). Con- 
sisting of or containing sugar. 
Saccharifica'tion (saccharum, facio, to make). Pro- 
cess of conversion of starch into sugar. 
Saccharin, sak'ar-in. Orthosulphamidobenzoic an- 
hydride ; sulphinide of benzoic acid. White crys- 
talline powder with a very sweet taste, derived from 
coal-tar; nearly three hundred times sweeter than 
sugar. Used in diabetes, cystitis, urethritis, and 
gastro-hepatic disorders; antiseptic. 
Saccharina, sak-ar-e'nah. Saccharoles. 
Saccharine, sak'ar-in (saccharum, sugar). Having 
the nature of, or containing, sugar. 
Sac'charogen. Substance existing in milk. Lac- 
tose is formed from it. It is not identical with gly- 
cogen. 
Saccharogenesis, sak-ar-o-jen'es-is (saccharum, gen- 
esis, production). The process of sugar formation. 
Saccharogummita, sak-ar-o-gum'mit-ah (saccharum, 
gummi). Sweet principle of glycyrrhiza. 
Saccharometer, sak-ar-om'e-ter (saccharum, metron, 
measure). Hydrometer adapted for determining the 
density of syrups. See Areometer. 
Saccharomyces, sak-ar-om'is-ees (saccharum, mukes, 
fungus). Unicellular organism belonging to a genus 
of ascomycetous Fungi, and including the active 
fungus of yeast and urine. These fungi multiply by 
process of budding, and sometimes by endogenous 
cell-formation, and are present most commonly in 
alcoholic fermentation. S. al'bicans, oidium albicans 
of thrush. S. apicula'ta, existing upon various ber- 
ries, including the gooseberry. S. cerevis'iae, the 
fungus of brewer's yeast. S. ellipsoi'deus, the ordi- 
nary ferment of urine. S. exig'uus, present in syr- 
ups undergoing fermentation. S. mi'nor, microbe 
of baker's yeast, according to Engel. S. mycoder'ma, 
S. albicans. S. Pasteuria'nus, a species found in low 
fermentation. 
Saccharorrhcea, sak-ar-or-rhe'ah (saccharum, rheo, 
to flow). Glycyrrhcea. S. cuta'nea, sweet sweat; 
see Sudor dulcis. S. lac'tea, a secretion of unusually 
sweet milk. S. pulmona'lis, the copious expectora- 
tion of unusually sweet matter from the lungs. S. 
urino'sa, diabetes mellitus. 
Saccharo'ses. See Saccharum. 
Saccharure, sak'ar-ure. Saccharuretum. Term ap- 
plied to a preparation made by saturating sugar with 
a tincture, and drying and powdering the mixture. 
Saccharum, sak'ar-um (sakchar, saccharum, sugar). 
Sugar. The produce of the juice of sugar-cane, ord. 
Graminese, and also of the beet, maple, Chinese sugar- 
cane, etc., is refined sugar. True sugars are those with 
which alcoholic fermentation may be effected by the 
addition of yeast and water. They are : Hard sugar of 
the cane, maple, beet, chestnut, etc.; liquid sugar, sugar 
of malt, of the sweet potato, molasses, honey, etc.; hard 
sugar of the grape, ripe fruits, starch, diabetes, etc.; and 
hard sugar of the mushroom. Imperfect sugars are 
those in which alcoholic fermentation cannot be 
affected by means of yeast and water, as manna, 
sugar of milk, sugar of jelly or glue, licorice, picro- 
mel. Sugar, cane-sugar, is prepared from the ex- 
pressed juice of the sugar-cane, boiled with the ad- 
dition of quicklime or common vegetable alkali. It 
is used in pharmacy for the preparation of syrups, 
conserves, lozenges, etc. It is nutritious, is employed 
as an aliment, and as a eutrophic demulcent and an- 
tiseptic. Dissolved in small quantities in water, as in 
tea, it is apt to disagree with dyspeptics-an evil 
which does not always occur when the same sub- 
stance is taken more largely. Liver or Hepatic sugar 
has been found a normal formation by the liver. It is 
more readily assimilated than other varieties of SACC1 
sugar. See Glucose and Glycogenic matter. According 
to Tolleus, the various sugars may be thus classified, 
975 
SACROCOCCYGEAL 
being arranged in groups, mainly according to their 
chemical composition: 
I. Monosaccharides or Glucoses. 
c8h12o6. 
II. Disaccharides or Saccharoses, 
III. Polysaccharides. 
5SSH* 
Cane-sugar. 
a. Orystallizdble polysaccharides. 
Milk-sugar. 
Raffinose, C36H64032 + lOELO. 
Mannitose. 
Maltose. 
Lactosin, C36H64O31. 
Galactose. 
Trehalose. 
b. Uncrystallizdble or difficultly crystal- 
Sorbin or Sorbose. 
Melezitose. 
lizable polysaccharides. 
Starch-derivatives belonging to 
dextrose group. 
Inulin-derivatives belonging to 
levulose groups. 
Gums and mucilages, yielding 
galactose, arabinose, etc. 
Cellulose. 
Pectin substances. 
Classification of Sugars. 
S. acer'num, S. Canadense, Maple sugar ; often used as a 
demulcent. S. al'bum, White sugar, Refined sugar, is 
loaf-sugar; Double-refined sugar has been called tabar- 
zet; see Saccharum. S. alumina'turn, equal parts of 
white sugar and alum, powdered; used as a styptic. 
S. can'didum, Nabot, Sugar candy, Sugar candied, 
is the crystallized juice of the cane. S. can'dum, S. 
candidum. S. can'thum, S. candidum. S. can'tum, 
S. candidum. S. commu'ne, saccharum non-purifica- 
tum. S. hordea'tum, Barley sugar, is a variety of 
sugar candy. S. lac'tis (Ph. U. S.), CislfeOiijlhO; 
crystalline sugar from whey of cow's milk by evap- 
oration and purification by recrystallization; sugar 
of milk. S. non-putrifica'tum, Raw, Crown, or Moist 
sugar, is coarse sugar. S. officina'rum, see Saccharum. 
S. penid'ium, S. hordeatum. S. purifica'tum, see 
Saccharum. S. rosa'ceum, confectio ros® Gallic®. S. 
satur'ni, plumbi superacetas. 
Sac'ci (pl. of Saccus) coTi. See Colon. 
Sacciform, sak'se-form. Having the form of a sac ; 
sac-shaped. S. disease of the a'nus, see Rectal pouches. 
Sac'cular glands. Glands the acini of which are 
sacciform. 
Sacculated, sak'u-la-ted. Encysted. See Saccated. 
Sacculatus, sak-u-lat'us. Encysted. See Saccated. 
Sacculi (sak'u-le) (pl. of Saccuius) adipo'si. Fatty 
vesicles. S. chalico'phori, see Lacunae of bone. S. 
larynge'i, ventricles of the larynx. S. medicina'les, 
bags containing medicinal substances. S. medulla'- 
res, see Medullary membrane. 
Saccuius, sak'u-lus (dim. of Saccus, a sac). This 
name has been given to two sacs formed by the mem- 
branous vestibule which open into each other and 
contain the otolithi and otoconia; one of these is 
termed the saccuius vestibuli; the other, saccuius. 
See SemicircuZar canals. Marsupion. S. cephal'icus, 
cucupha. S. chy'lifer, receptaculum chyli. S. com- 
mu'nis, see Semicircular canals. S. cor'dis, pericar- 
dium. S. ellip'ticus, see Semicircular canals. S. 
hemiellip'ticus, see Semicircular canals. S. lactif'- 
erus, see Lactiferous vessels. S. laryn'gis, a caecal 
pouch of variable size formed by the mucous mem- 
brane in the ventricles of the larynx. Its laryngeal 
surface is covered by the aryt®no-epiglottideus infe- 
rior muscle or compressor sacculi laryngis (muscle of 
Hilton). S. medicina'lis, medicated pillow, as of hops. 
S. oblon'gus, see Semicircular canals. S. pro'prius, see 
Semicircular canals. S. ror'ifer, receptaculum chyli. 
S. rotun'dus, see Semicircular canals. S. semiova'lis, 
see Semicircular canals. S. sphse'ricus, see Semicircu- 
lar canals. S., ves'ical, see Bladder, sacculated. S. 
vestib'uli, semicircular canals ; see Saccuius. 
Sac'cus. Sac. S. ese'eus, see Stomach. S. ese'eus 
co'li, cfficum. S. co'li, csecum. S. cor'dis, pericar- 
dium. S. epiplo'icus, epiploon. S. hernio'sus, her- 
nial sac. S. intesti'ni cras'si, caecum. S. lacryma'- 
lis, lacrymal sac. S. lac'teus, receptaculum chyli. 
S. muco'sus, see Burste mucosae. S. periton®'! re- 
troventricular'is, see Epiploon, gastrohepatic. S. 
pleu'r®, pleura. S. vena'rum cava'rum, sinus dex- 
ter cordis. S. vena'rum pulmona'lium, sinus pul- 
monalis. S. ventric'uli, see Stomach. 
Sa'cer (sacred, holy). Sacral. S. ig'nis, herpes 
zoster; erysipelas. S. mor'bus, epilepsy. S. mus'- 
culus, transversalis dorsi or longissimus dorsi. 
Sacerdotis (sas-er-do'tis) pe'nis. Arum macula- 
turn. 
Sack. A dry wine used by out ancestors, probably 
sherry. A bag or pouch. S. pos'set (sack, posset), a 
posset made of sack, milk, and other ingredients. S. 
whey, wine whey. 
Sac'ra fis'tula. Vertebral column. 
Sa'crad. See Sacral aspect. 
Sa'cral. That which belongs or relates to the 
sacrum. Name given to several parts. S. ar'teries 
are distinguished into: 1. The Anterior or Middle 
sacral, Median artery of the sacrum, which arises from 
the posterior part of the abdominal aorta, in front of 
the 4th lumbar vertebra; descending in a serpentine 
manner upon the sacrovertebral articulation and on 
the anterior surface of the sacrum, furnishing many 
lateral branches, which unite with the lateral sacral 
arteries, and enter the anterior sacral foramina, to be 
distributed to the membranes of the marrow, etc. 
2. The Lateral sacral arteries, which are two in num- 
ber, one on each side. They arise from the hypogas- 
tric, from the iliolumbar, or from the gluteal, and 
descend before the anterior sacral foramina, anasto- 
mosing in an arched manner, toward the coccyx, 
with the middle sacral. They give off external and 
posterior branches, which enter the sacral foramina; 
and internal branches, which are distributed to the 
pyramidalis, sacrum, etc. S. as'pect, aspect toward 
the region where the sacrum is situate (Barclay). 
Sacrad is used by the same writer adverbially to 
signify "toward the sacral aspect." S. extremities, 
the lower limbs. S. grooves, two longitudinal exca- 
vations, slightly marked, at the posterior surface of 
the sacrum, which appear to terminate the vertebral 
grooves or gutters. S. in'dex, breadth of sacrum 
multiplied by 100 and divided by its length. S. 
nerves are generally six in number. They arise 
from the termination of the spinal marrow. The 
first, united with the great cord which descends from 
the lumbar plexus, concurs with the three others in 
forming the sacral or sciatic plexus. The third and 
fourth, with branches of the great sympathetic, form 
the hypogastric plexus. The fifth and sixth (coccygeal 
nerve) are distributed to the ischiococcygeus muscle 
and to the sphincter and levator ani. S. plex'us, 
Sciatic plexus-the sacral portion of the crural plexus 
of Chaussier-constituted as just mentioned, is situate 
in front of the pyramidalis. It gives off, backward, 
two branches, called the pudic and the lesser sciatic. 
It terminates in the great sciatic nerve. 
Sacra'to. The species of mulatto nearest to pure 
negro type. See Mulatto. 
Sa'cred bark. Cascara sagrada; dried leaves of 
Ehamnus Purshianus. S. bean, nelumbo. 
Sa'cro. In composition, relating or belonging to 
the sacrum. 
Sacrococcygeal, sak-ro-kok-se-je'al. Relating to 
the sacrum and coccyx. S. articula'tion is that of 
the lower extremity of the sacrum with the superior 
facette of the coccyx. It is closed by two ligaments 
-anterior and posterior sacrococcygeal, SACROCOSTALIS 
Sacrocostalis, sak-ro-kos-tal'is {costa, rib). Sacro- 
lumbalis. 
Sacrocoxal'gia {sacro, coxa, hip, algos, pain). 
Rheumatic affection of the sacro-iliac symphysis. 
Sacrofem'oral. Glutaeus major. 
Sacro-iliac, sak'ro-il'e-ak. That which relates to 
the sacrum and ilium. S.-i. articula'tion, sym'phy- 
sis, or synchondro'sis, iliosacral articulation, symphy- 
sis, or synchondrosis, is the union of two surfaces-two 
inclined planes, broader above than below, one formed 
by the sacrum, the other by the ilium. Both sur- 
faces are encrusted by an articular cartilage. The 
bands strengthening them are the two sacrosciatic 
ligaments, the sacrospinal, a sacro-iliac ligament, and 
some irregular fibres. The sacro-iliac ligament is a 
very thick assemblage of short, dense, irregular 
fibres, occupying the space which the sacrum and 
ilium leave between them behind their articular 
surface. Some authors have termed some irregular 
fibres situate in front of the sacro-iliac articulation 
anterior sacro-iliac ligaments, in opposition to the pre- 
ceding fasciae, which they call posterior sacro-iliac. 
S.-i. disease, a painful acute or chronic inflammatory 
condition of the sacro-iliac articulation, dependent 
on local injury, accidents of pregnancy or parturition, 
or strumous diathesis. 
Sacro-ischiatic, sak'ro-is-ke-at'ik. Sacrosciatic. 
SacrolumbaTis. Sacrolumbar. 
Sacrolum'bar. That which belongs to the sacrum 
and loins. S. mus'cle, Dorsotrachelian portion of the 
sacrospinal of Chaussier; seated at the posterior part 
of the trunk, is thick and triangular below, flat and 
thin in the remainder, and terminates in a point at 
the upper extremity. It is attached to the posterior 
surface of the sacrum, to the corresponding portion 
of the crista ilii, to the extremities of the transverse 
processes of the lumbar vertebrae, to the angles of 
the eleven inferior ribs, to the tuberosity of the first 
and the posterior tubercle of the transverse processes 
of the last five cervical vertebrae. The sacrolumbalis 
straightens the vertebral column when bent forward, 
maintaining it straight. By means of its insertion 
into the ribs it can elevate or depress these bones 
according as it contracts from above to below or 
from below to above. It acts, consequently, some- 
times as an inspiratory, at others as an expiratory 
muscle. From six or eight of the lower ribs arise an 
equal number of fleshy portions which terminate at 
the inner side of this muscle. From the upper part 
of the sacrolumbalis a fleshy slip runs up, to be fixed 
to the transverse processes of the fourth, fifth, and 
sixth cervical vertebrae by three distinct tendons. 
These last parts, though separated by some anato- 
mists, belong to the sacrolumbalis. 
Sacrome'dian ar'tery. Middle sacral artery. 
Sacropectine'al diam eter. One of the pelvic 
diameters. 
Sacrosciatic, sak-ro-si-at'ic. That which belongs 
to the sacrum and ischium. S. lig'aments are two 
ligaments which assist in securing the sacro-iliac 
articulation. The great or posterior sacrosciatic liga- 
ment extends from the crista ilii and the sides of the 
sacrum and coccyx to the tuberosity of the ischium. 
The less or anterior sacrosciatic ligament arises from 
the same point, and terminates in the spine of the 
ischium. 
Sacrospi'nal. Relating to the sacrum and spine. 
Dorsotrachelian portion of the sacrolumbalis. 
Sacrospina'lis. Relating to the sacrum and spine. 
It includes the sacrolumbalis, longissimus dorsi, trans- 
versalis, transversospinalis, and intertransversalis 
muscles, and is divided into three portions, the erec- 
tor spinae, extensor dorsi communis, lumbocostalis. 
Sacrovertebral, sak-ro-vur'te-bral. That which 
relates to the sacrum and the vertebrae. S. articu- 
lation is the junction of the last vertebrae of the 
loins with the sacrum. The angle which these two 
bones form at the anterior part has been called the 
promontory of the sacrum or the sacrovertebral 
angle. S. lig'ament is a strong ligament which 
passes from the anterior part of each of the trans- 
976 
SAGAPENUM 
verse processes of the last lumbar vertebra to be at- 
tached to the base of the sacrum. Its use is to main- 
tain the articulation of those two bones in situ. 
Sa'crum (neuter of Sacer) (sacer, sacred, because 
it contributes to protect the genital organs, which 
were considered sacred, or because it was offered in 
sacrifice). Crossbone. The bone forming the posterior 
part of the pelvis and a continuation of the vertebral 
column. The sacrum is symmetrical and triangular, 
situate at the posterior part of the pelvis, and con- 
cave anteriorly. It has : 1. A pelvic or anterior sur- 
face, which corresponds to the pelvic cavity, and has 
four transverse furrows pointing out the parts where 
the primitive portions of the bone were separated 
from each other. On each side there are four for- 
amina, called anterior sacral; these are oblique, de- 
creasing in size from above downward. Through 
them pass the anterior branches of the sacral nerves. 
2. A spinal or posterior surface, convex, rough, and 
covered by muscles. Upon the median line are four 
horizontal tubercular eminences, forming a continu- 
ation of the spinous processes of the vertebrae; and 
below, a triangular notch, where the sacral canal ter- 
minates. On each side of the surface are four foram- 
ina, called posterior sacral, which are smaller than 
the anterior, and give passage to the posterior 
branches of the sacral nerves. 3. The vertebral sur- 
face or base. Its greatest extent is transversely. It 
is articulated with the last lumbar vertebra. On it is 
seen the orifice of the sacral canal, of a triangular 
shape, and decreasing in width from above down- 
ward, terminating the vertebral canal; being lined 
by a prolongation of the cerebral membrane; con- 
taining the fasciculi of the sacral nerves; communi- 
cating externally by the sacral foramina; and termi- 
nating at the triangular notch on the posterior sur- 
face of the bone. At the sides of the upper orifice 
of the sacral canal are two articular processes, which 
receive the articular processes of the last lumbar ver- 
tebra. The projection formed by the union of the 
base of the sacrum with the last lumbar vertebra is 
called the promontory, great angle of the sacrum, or 
sacrovertebral angle. 4. A coccygeal face or apex, 
which is very narrow, being articulated with the 
coccyx. 5. Two lateral margins, having above a 
broad, oblique surface, articulated with the ilium. 
Sacs of peritone'um. Two cavities, the greater 
and lesser, communicating by the foramen of Wins- 
low, developed from original right and left symmet- 
rical cavities. 
Sad'dle, Turk'ish. Sella Turcica. 
Sad'dle-head. Clinecephalus. 
Saddle-joint. Articulation composed of two sur- 
faces, one concave, the other convex, as the carpo- 
metacarpal joint of thumb. 
Sad'dle-nose. A nose with bridge depressed, due 
to necrosis of the nasal bones. 
Sad'ism (after Marquis de Sade, a French writer, 
who wrote novels filled with tales of obscenity, 
cruelty, etc.). Sexual perversion in which a member 
of one sex has sensual gratification in domineering, 
even by force or cruelty, the other sex. Opposite 
condition to masochism. See Masochism. 
Sadis'tic. Eelated to sadism, as a sadistic act. 
Saenger's operation. See Sanger. 
Saepes, se'pees. Sepes. 
Saf 'flow. Carthamus tinctorius. 
Saf'flower. Carthamus tinctorius. 
Saf'fron. Crocus. S., bas'tard, Carthamus tinc- 
torius. S., dy'er's, Carthamus tinctorius. S. flow'er, 
Carthamus tinctorius. S., mead'ow, Colchicum au- 
tumnale. 
Saf'ranum. Carthamus tinctorius. 
Saf'rol. C10H10O2. Chief constituent of sassafras 
oil. 
Sa'ga. Midwife. In ancient Eome the sagae exer- 
cised, also, the calling of magicians, procuresses, per- 
fumers, and abortionists. Also sago. 
Sag'aban. Apios tuberosa. 
Sagapenum. sag-ah-pe'num (sagapenon). A gum- 
resin, supposed to be obtained from the Ferula Persica, SAGAPIN 
ord. Umbelliferae. Odor fetid and alliaceous, taste 
pungent, bitterish, nauseous. It is reputed antispas- 
modic and emmenagogue. 
Sag'apin. Sagapenum. 
Sage. Salvia. S., In'dian, Eupatorium perfolia- 
tum. S., Jeru'salem, pulmonaria. S. tea, infusum 
salviae. S. tree, lantana. S., wild, Salvia Africana ; 
S. lyrata. 
Sage femme (Fr.). Midwife. 
Sagena, sag-e'nah {sagene, seine). Epiploon. 
Sagimen vitri, saj-e'men vit're. Sodium subcar- 
bonate. 
Sagittal, saj-it'tal {sagitta, arrow). Arrow-shaped. 
S. circum'ference of skull, taken from nasion to 
opisthion on the surface; from opisthion to basion; 
from basion to nasion. S. fur'row or groove is a 
channel on the median line of the inner surface of 
the skullcap. It is excavated in the os frontis and 
in the two parietal and occipital bones, extending 
from the crista galli to the internal occipital protu- 
berance. It lodges the longitudinal sinus, which has 
been called the sagittal sinus. S. nu'cleus, nucleus 
of oculomotor nerve. S. plane, median plane of the 
body. S. semicir'cular canal', posterior semicircular 
canal. S. si'nus, see Sagittal furrow. S. su'ture, Bi- 
parietal suture; suture uniting the parietal bones, and 
extending from before to behind on the median line 
from the coronal suture to the lambdoidal. It is so 
called from sagitta, an arrow, because seeming to meet 
the coronal suture as an arrow meets the string of a 
bow. 
Sagittaria variabilis, sa-git-tah're-ah vah-re-ab'il-is 
{sagitta, arrow, owing to the prevalent form of the 
leaves). Arrowhead, Arrowleaf, Arrow-weed, Wapata 
of Oregon. Ord. Alismacese. Esculent, yielding 
fecula-like arrow root. The roots are cooling and 
subastringent, and are at times applied to the feet 
in cases of yaws and dropsical swellings of the 
legs. The leaves are applied to the breasts to dispel 
milk. 
Sagittarium (saj-it-tah're-um) alexiphar'macum. 
A root cultivated in the West Indies; supposedly a 
remedy for wounds by poisoned arrows. 
Sagitta'tus. Sagittal. 
Sa'go {saga is the Malay name for various plants). 
A fecula obtained from the pitch of the Sagus 
Eumphii, Cycas circinalis, C. revoluta, etc., growing 
in the Moluccas, Philippine Isles, etc., being imported 
in small grains. The same substance is also obtained 
from the West Indies, but is inferior to that from the 
East. By boiling in water or milk, sago becomes soft 
and transparent, forming an agreeable, nutritious food 
in febrile, calculous, and other disorders. It is made 
palatable by sugar, lemon-juice, or wine where the 
last is not contraindicated. To make sago into a 
proper mucilage for the sick, a tablespoonful should 
be macerated in a pint of water for two hours, and 
then boiled for fifteen minutes, stirring assiduously. 
Care must be taken that the grains are perfectly dis- 
solved by long boiling and constant stirring. It is 
a good restorative. S., French, see Solanum tuberosum 
and Arrowroot, common. S., Port'land Island, see 
Arum maculatum. S. spleen, amyloid degeneration 
of the Malpighian corpuscles of the spleen, resem- 
bling boiled sago. 
Sagra'da. Cascara sagrada. 
Sa'gu. Sago. 
Sague'rus Goma'to. See Toddy. S. Rum'phii, see 
Toddy. S. sac'charifer, see Toddy. 
Sa'gus. Sago. S. Rum'phii, see Sago. 
Sahara. Insomnia. 
Saint Ag'atha's disease'. Mammitis. 
Saint Aignon's disease'. Tinea. 
Saint An'drew's cross. Ascyrum crux Andrese. 
An indigenous herb, used as a local discutient ap- 
plication. 
Saint An'thony's fire. Erysipelas. 
Saint Appolonia's disease'. Pains in the teeth and 
jaws. 
Saint Avertin's disease'. Epilepsy. 
Saint Barthol'omew's tea. Paraguay tea. 
977 
SAL 
Saint Blase's disease'. Quinsy or sore throat. 
Saint Charles's root. Carlo sancto (radix). 
Saint Clair's disease'. Ophthalmia. 
Saint Dymphna's disease'. Insanity. 
Saint Eras'mus's disease'. Colic. 
Saint Fia'cre's disease'. Hemorrhoids or painful 
vegetations around the anus. 
Saint Giles's disease'. Cancer. 
Saint Goth'ard's disease'. Anaemia. 
Saint Guy's dance. Chorea. 
Saint Hu'bert's disease'. Hydrophobia. 
Saint Igna'tius' bean. Ignatia (Ph. U. S.). 
Saint James's wort. Senecio Jacobaea; Thlaspi 
bursa. 
Saint Job's disease'. Syphilis. 
Saint John Long's lin'iment. Stokes's liniment. 
Saint John's dance. See Mania, dancing. S. John's 
evil, epilepsy. S. John's head, fruit of Ceratonia sil- 
iqua; used as demulcent and expectorant. S. John's 
wort, flowering tops of Hypericum perforatum; used 
as a remedy for chronic catarrh and intermittent 
fever, and as a discutient. 
Saint Laz'arus's disease'. Leprosy; measles of 
the hog or tinea. 
Saint Main's disease'. Scabies. 
Saint Mar'tin's evil. Alcoholism. 
Saint Ma'ry's this'tle. Carduus marianus. An old 
popular remedy in haemoptysis. 
Saint Math'urin's disease'. Insanity; epilepsy. 
Saint Roch's disease'. Bubo. 
Saint Se'ment's disease'. Syphilis. 
Saint Vi'tus's dance. Chorea. See Mania, dan- 
cing. S. Vi'tus's dance of the voice, balbuties; stut- 
tering or stammering. 
Saint Zach'ary's disease'. Dumbness. 
Saire. Essera. 
Sa'ki. See Spirit. 
Sal. Salt. S. absin'thii, potassii subcarbonas; 
see Potash. S. acetosel'lse, potassium oxalate S. 
aceto'sus ammoniaca'lis, liquor ammonii acetatis. 
S. ac'idum ben'zoes, benjamin. S. aera'tus, see 
Potassii carbonas. S. al'bus, sodium muriate. S. 
al'embroth, alembroth salt. S. al'kali, sodium sub- 
carbonate. S. alkali'nus fix'us fos'silis, soda. S. 
ama'rum, magnesii sulphas. S. ammo'niac volat- 
ile, ammonii carbonas. S. ammoni'acum, ammonii 
chloridum. S. ammoni'acum martia'le, ferrum am- 
moniatum. S. ammoni'acum secre'tum Glauber!, 
ammonii sulphas. S. ammoni'acum tartar'eum, 
ammonii tartras. S. ammoni'acum vegetab'ile, 
liquor ammonii acetatis. S. ammoni'acus, ammonii 
chloridum. S. ammoni'acus nitro'sus, ammonii 
nitras. S. ammo'niae, ammonii chloridum. S. Angli- 
ca'num, magnesii sulphas. S. An'glicum, magnesii sul- 
phas. S. anti-epilep'ticus ofWeiss'man, cuprum am- 
moniatum. S. antimo'nii, antimonium tartarizatum. 
S. Armeni'acum, ammonii chloridum S. ar'tis, 
alembroth salt. S. asphalti'tis, bit noben. S. cath- 
ar'ticus ama'rus, magnesii sulphas. S. cathar'ticus 
Glauberi, sodium sulphate. S. commu'nis, sodium 
muriate S. cor'nu cer'vi volat'ile, ammonii carbo- 
nas. S. culina'ris, sodium chloride. S. digesti'vus 
Syl'vii, potassii chloridum. S. diuret'icus, potassii 
acetas. S. de duo'bus, potassii sulphas. S. Ebs- 
damen'se, magnesii sulphas. S. enix'um, potassii 
supersulphas. S. Epsomen'sis, magnesii sulphas. 
S. essentia'le ben'zoes, benjamin. S. essentia'le 
cort'icis Peruvia'ni, quinine. S. febrifugus of 
Lem'ery, potassii supersulphas. S. febrif'ugus Syl'- 
vii, potassii murias. S. fon'tium, sodium muriate. 
S. fos'silis, sodium muriate. S. fulig'inis, ammonii 
carbonas. S. gem'mae, sodium muriate. S. herba'- 
rum, potassii subcarbonas. S. in'dus, saccharum al- 
bum. S. lixivio'sum, see Lixivium. S. lu'cidum, 
sodium muriate. S. mari'nus, sodium muriate. S. 
mar'tis, ferri sulphas. S. mar'tis muriat'icum 
sublima'tum, ferrum ammoniatum. S. mirab'ile 
perla'tum, sodium phosphate. S. mirab'ilis Glau- 
beri, sodium sulphate S. muriat'icum barot'icum, 
baryta, muriate of. S. ni'trum, potassii nitras. S. 
os'sium, ammonii carbonas. S. panchres'tum, po- SALAAM 
tassii tartras. S. pe'trse, potassii nitras. S. plum'bi, 
plumbi superacetas. S. polychres'tum Seignet'ti, 
sodium tartrate. S. polychres'tus, potassii sulphas. 
S. polychres'tus Glace'ri, potassii sulphas cum sul- 
phure. S. prunel'lse, potassii nitras fusus sulphatis 
paucillo mixtus. S. Rupellen'sis, sodium tartrate. 
S. sapien'tise, alembroth salt, potassii sulphas. S. 
satur'ni, plumbi superacetas. S. scien'tiae, alem- 
broth salt. S. secre'tus Glauber!, ammonii sul- 
phas. S. sedati'vus Homber'gi, boracic acid. S. 
Sedlisen'sis, magnesii sulphas. S. Seignet'tl, so- 
dium tartrate. S. senner'ti, potassii acetas. S. Seyd- 
schiitzen'se, magnesii sulphas. S. so'dse, sodium 
subcarbonate. S. Sodom'enus, bit noben. S. suc'- 
cini, succinic acid. S. tar'tari, potassii subcarbonas; 
see Potash. S. tar'tari essentia'le, tartaric acid. S. 
tar'tari sulphura'tum, potassii sulphas. S. uri'nae, 
microcosmicum sal. S. urino'sum, urea. S. vege- 
tab'ilis, potassii tartras. S. vi'tse, alembroth salt. 
S. vitri'oli, zinci sulphas. S. vitri'oli narcot'lcum, 
boracic acid. S. volat'ile, ammonii carbonas; spir- 
itus ammoniac aromaticus. S. volat'ile ben'zoes, 
benjamin. S. volat'ile bora'cis, boracic acid. S. 
volat'ile oleo'sum Syl'vii, spiritus ammonii aromat- 
icus. S. volat'ile suc'cini, succinic acid. S. vo- 
lat'ilis sa'lis ammoni'aci, ammonii carbonas. S. 
vomito'rium vitri'oli, zinci sulphas. 
Salaam' or Salam' convul'sion. See Convulsion, 
salaam. S. tic, spasmodic or convulsive salutation. 
Salab. Salep. 
Salacious, sal-a'shus (salax, lustful). Lustful; lech- 
erous. 
Salacitas, sal-as'it-as. Salacity; satyriasis. S. 
vul'vse, nymphomania. 
Salacity, sal-as'it-e (salax, lustful, lecherous). Lech- 
erousness ; strong desire for venery. 
Sal'ad (sal, salt). Fresh herbs-as lettuce-dressed 
with salt, oil, vinegar, etc. S. corn, Valeriana den- 
tata. 
Sal-alem'broth. A combination of chloride of 
ammonium and bichloride of mercury, used in Lis- 
terian antisepsis. 
Salamandarine, sal-am-an'dar-een. C34H60N2O5. 
Poisonous leucomaine. See Leucoma'ines (table). 
Sal-bromalide, sal-bro'mal-eed. Combination of 
acetanilide, salicylic acid, and bromine; antiseptic, 
antipyretic, hypnotic. 
Salep (usually pronounced saloop'). Salab, Sdlap. 
The prepared bulb of the Orchis mascula and other 
species of Orchis. The salep of Cashmere is from a 
species of Eulophia. Salep is in small, irregular, hard 
masses, in composition, etc. closely analogous to trag- 
acanth. It is possessed of virtues similar to those of 
sago, tapioca, etc. The mucilage is prepared by dis- 
solving the powdered salep in hot water with assidu- 
ous stirring, and adding to the solution sugar and 
milk. Au indigenous salep has been made in France 
from Orchis maculata, O. bifolia, O. mascula, O. mili- 
taris, and O. latifolia. See Saloop. S., Otahei'te, 
arrow root (Tahiti). 
Saleratus, sal-er-at'us (sal, salt, aer, air). Common 
potassium carbonate used for cooking purposes. 
Saler'num, School of. An ancient school of medi- 
cine at Salerno, in Italy. It was established by Char- 
lemagne in 802, and was the first Christian university 
at which medicine was taught. It was much cele- 
brated, especially in the 12th century, and, on its 
account, Salerno was self-styled Civitas Hippocratica. 
The work on hygiene, De Conservanda Valetudine, 
which bears its name, has passed throug several 
editions in various languages. It is supposed to have 
been written by John of Milan in 1100, and is in 
Leonine verses. (See author's History of Medicine, 
Philadelphia, 1872, p. 207.) 
Salicaria, sal-e-kah're-ah (salix). Lythrum salicaria. 
Salicin, sal'i-sin. See Salix. 
Salicinum, sal-is-e'num (Ph. U. S. and Br.). Salicin. 
Neutral principle from bark of Salix helix and other 
species of Salix. See Salix. 
Salicornia (sal-e-kor'ne-ah) Arab'ica, etc. (sal, salt, 
from its abounding in salt). See Soda. 
978 
SALIVA 
Salicyl aldehyde, sal'is-il al'de-hide. Salicylous 
acid. 
Sal'icylage. Preservation of dietetic articles under 
the antiseptic influence of salicylic acid. 
Salicylamide, sal-is-il'am-eed. Product of action 
of concentrated ammonia on crude methyl salicylate, 
as oil of wintergreen; or of heat on ammonium sal- 
icylate ; antiseptic, and having other properties like 
salicylic acid. 
Salicylan'ilide bromacetan'ilide, Sal-bromalide. 
Salicylas (sal'is-il-as) bismu'thi.' Bismuth salicyl- 
ate.- S. lith'icus, lithium salicylate. S. nat'ricus, 
sodium salicylate. S. physostig'minse, physostig- 
mine salicylate. S. quin'icus, quinine salicylate. 
S. so'dicus, sodium salicylate. S. zin'ci, zinc sal- 
icylate. 
Salicylate, sal'is-il-ate (salicylas). Any salt of 
salicylic acid. See Salicylas. 
Sal'icylated cam'phor. Made hy heating together 
65 parts of salicylic acid with 84 parts of camphor. 
It is an oily liquid which solidifies to crystalline 
form, and is used as an antiseptic. S. cot'ton, a sur- 
gical dressing made by impregnating pure cotton 
with salicylic acid. 
Salicylbromanilide (sal-is-il-bro-man'il-eed) or 
Salbroman'ilide. Combination of bromacetanilide 
and salicylanilide; antipyretic, antineuralgic, and 
antinervine. Useful in asthenic inflammatory con- 
ditions. 
Salicylic (sal-is-il'ik) acid. HC7H5O3. White crys- 
talline organic acid. Occurs in nature in certain 
plants. Commercially it is obtained from carbolic acid; 
also from natural salicylates, as oil of wintergreen 
and sweet birch. It is in white crystals, with slightly 
aromatic odor; commonly used in rheumatism and 
as an antiseptic. It is usually administered in the 
form of a salicylate, as that of sodium, of ammonium, 
ot of quinine. The depressing effects of the drug 
must be carefully watched. 
Salicyl'ous ac'id. C7H6O2. Fragrant oily liquid; 
salicyl-aldehyd ; made by the distillation of salicylin 
with bichromate of potash and sulphuric acid. 
Saligenin, sal-ij'en-in. C7H8O2. Produced by ac- 
tion of dilute acids upon salicin; the latter being 
mainly composed of saligenin and a glucose. 
Salinaphthol, sal-e-naf'thol. Naphthalol; naph- 
tholsalol; beta-naphthol salicylate; betol. Internal 
antiseptic, antizymotic, etc. in certain affections of 
the intestines. 
Saline, sal-ine' (sal). That which contains a salt or 
has the properties of a salt. 
Sali'nous. Saline. 
Salipyrine, sal-e-py'rin. Antipyrine salicylate; 
combination of salicylic acid and antipyrin; white 
crystalline powder, used in arthritic affections, neur- 
algia, etc. 
Sa'lis ammoni'aci flo'res. Ammonii carbonas. 
Sal'iswitch frac'ture. See Fracture, saliswitch. 
Salitio, sal-ish'e-o (salio, to leap). Leap. 
Salltus, sal-e'tus (sal). Saline. 
Sallum, sal'e-um. Saliva. 
Saliun'ca. Valeriana Celtica. 
Saliva, sal-i'vah (probably from sialos). An in- 
odorous, insipid, transparent, slightly viscid fluid 
secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual 
glands, and poured into the mouth by the ducts of 
Steno, Wharton, and Rivinus, the use of which is to 
mix with the alimentary bolus and to serve in the 
process of digestion. Its specific gravity is 1.008. It 
is composed, according to Berzelius, of 994.9 parts of 
water, 1.2 of a particular animal matter soluble in 
water and insoluble in alcohol, Pytalin (Principium 
salivale, Materia sialina, Casein of the saliva, Salivary 
albumen, Salivine), of 1.3 of mucus, epithelium, and 
mucin, 1.1 fatty matters, 1.5 salts, 1.7 of chlorides of 
potassium and sodium, 0.9 of lactate of sodium and 
animal matter, and 0.2 of soda. The chemical com- 
position of the saliva secreted from different salivary 
glands varies. The ptyalin acts as a ferment, con- 
verting starchy matters first into dextrin and then 
into sugar. See Ferment and Enzymes. SALIVA- FLUXUS CIBO VISO 
Some interesting facts in regard to the saliva may 
be thus stated (Vierordt): 
The quantity of mixed, saliva (and fluid of the mouth)- 
In 24 hours is 300-1500 g. (F. Bidder and C. Schmidt); 
500-700 during the process of chewing in 30-58 minutes 
(Tucgek); 
In one hour from the parotis, over 2; 
In one hour from the submaxillary gland, about 7 (Oehl). 
The amount for both pairs of glands in 24 hours is over 
400 g. Specific weight, 1.003-1.004 (1.002-1.009), varies ac- 
cording to amount of mucus it contains. Reaction is 
alkaline. 
Saliva from the parotid gland: 
Quantity, 80-100 g. in 24 hours (Oehl). 
Specific gravity, 1.0031-1.0043. 
Analysis in 1000 parts: 
M1S"' 
Water 985.4-983.7 993.16 983.8 
Solid matter . . . 14.6-16.3 6.84 16.2 
Organic material . 9.0 3.44 
Potassium sulpho- 
cyanide ... 0.3 
Potassium chloride] 
Sodium chloride . > 5.0 3.4 
Carbonate of lime J 
The saliva from the sublingual gland has not, up to the 
present time, been collected in sufficient quantity for 
examination. 
The secretion of mucus in children becomes apparent from 
the second month. In the fourth month Koroivin ob- 
tained 1-1| c.m. in 5-7 minutes. In the eleventh month 
no deviation from that of the adult could be noticed. 
Sali'vse flux'us ci'bo vi'so. Flow of saliva at the 
sight of food. See Salivation. 
Sal'ival. Salivary. 
Salivans, sal-i'vans. Sialagogue. 
Salivaris, sal-iv-aFis. Salivary. S. her'ba, Anthe- 
mis pyrethrum. 
Salivary, sal'iv-a-re. Belonging to the saliva. S. 
albu'men, see Saliva. S. cal'culi, see Calculi, sali- 
vary. S. fis'tulse are such as depend upon an acci- 
dental opening into the excretory ducts of the sal- 
ivary glands. Fistulse are most commonly met with 
in the duct of Steno. S. glands, Secreting organs of 
the saliva, Salival elands, are situate symmetrically, to 
the number of four, on each side of the face. Their 
form is very irregular, and their extent varies ac- 
cording to individuals. Their excretory ducts carry 
the saliva directly into the mouth without pouring it 
into any intermediate reservoir, as happens in the 
case of some other glands. The salivary glands have 
been distinguished into the parotid, the submaxillary, 
the sublingual, and the intralingual or lingual, seated 
at the inferior surface of the tongue, where the 
mucous membrane forms a fringed fold. See Lingual 
glands. 
Salivated, sal'iv-a-ted {saliva). Ptyalized. Affected 
with salivation. 
Salivatio, sal-iv-ah'she-o. Salivation. S. mercu- 
ria'lls, salivation, mercurial. 
Salivation, sal-i-va'shun. Ptyalism. Superabun- 
dant secretion of saliva, occasioned either locally by 
use of irritating masticatories, or under the influence 
of some cause which acts on the whole economy, 
and especially of mercurial preparations. In this 
last case it is accompanied by a coppery taste in the 
mouth, by swelling of the gums, and sometimes by 
looseness of the teeth. Salivation may usually be 
diminished by the use of astringents, laxatives, etc. 
Mouth-watering, the increased flow of saliva produced 
by the sight, smell, or thought of agreeable food, is a 
species of ptyalism, as well as the S., mercu'rial, sal- 
ivation produced by mercury. The stomatitis that 
accompanies it is termed mercurial, stomatitis mer- 
curialis, hydrargyrostomatitis. 
Sallva'tum {saliva). Sialagogue. 
Saliva'tus. Salivated. 
Salivine, sal'i-veen. See Saliva. 
Salivo'sus. Salivary. 
Salivous, sal-i'vus. Salivary. 
Sa'lix. Willow. A genus of plants in the Lin- 
nsean system; ord. Salicaceae. S. iEgypti'aca, see 
Calaf. S. al'ba (Ph. U. S.), White willow. S. ca'prea, 
979 
SALPINGOSTE NOCHORI A 
Great round-leaved willow. S. erioceph'ala. S. frag'- 
ilis, Crack or Bedford willow. S. humil'is, Low-bush 
willow, Speckled willow. S. latifo'lia, Broad-leaved 
willow. S. petan'dria or hermaphrodit'ica. Bark of 
these and other willows has a slightly aromatic odor 
and a bitter astringent taste, which is nearly the same 
in all the species. They are tonic and astringent, 
being used in intermittents and in cases of dyspep- 
sia, worms, etc. An active neutral principle has been 
separated and called Salicin or Salicine, Salicina, Sali- 
cinum (Ph. U. S. and Br.). It has been found in a large 
number of species of Salix and of Populus; is like 
quinine in medical efficacy; is antiperiodic, and used 
as a substitute for salicylic acid in rheumatism. 
Sal'lenders. Malandria. 
Sal'lis. Adeps. 
Sal'low. Lurid. 
Sal'ly. Salix. 
Sally-switch fracture. Green-stick fracture. 
Sal'miac (contraction of sal ammoniac). Ammonium 
chloride. 
Sal'ol. Salicylic acid in which one atom of hydro- 
gen has been replaced by the group phenol; phenyl 
salicyl; phenol salicylate; phenylic ether of salicylic 
acid. Physically it is a white tasteless powder with 
an agreeable odor, insoluble in water and soluble in 
alcohol; used in medicine for its antiseptic and anti- 
pyretic properties, in rheumatism, skin diseases, in- 
testinal affections, etc., and locally in ozaena, otor- 
rhcea, gonorrhoea, etc., applied in gauze, collodium, 
powders, ointment, etc. 
Salol-cam'phor. Compound of three parts of salol 
and two of camphor; colorless oily liquid, used in treat- 
ment of abscess of middle ear or suppurative otitis. 
Saloop'. Salep. Also sassafras tea flavored with 
milk and sugar; sold in London. In different parts 
of the United States it is sometimes called Sass tea. 
Salop'. Salep. 
Salophen, sal'o-fen. Derivative of salol containing 
nearly 51 per cent, of salicylic acid ; in white, odor- 
less and tasteless scales; antipyretic and antirheu- 
matic; used in acute rheumatic arthritis. Chem- 
ically, acetylparamidosalol. 
Salpe'tra {sal, petra, rock). Potassium nitrate; 
sodium nitrate. 
Salpingectomy, sal-pin-gek'to-me {salpinx, Fallo- 
pian tube, ektome, excision). Excision of the Fallo- 
pian tube. 
Salpingemphraxis, sal-pin-gem-frak'sis {salpingo, 
emphraxis, obstruction). Obstruction of the Eustachian 
tube. 
Salpin'gian dropsy. Hydrosalpinx. 
Salpingitis, sal-pin-je'tis {salpingo, itis). Inflam- 
mation of the Eustachian or Fallopian tube. 
Salpin'go {salpinx, tube). In composition, the 
Eustachian or the Fallopian tube. 
Salpingocatheterismus, sal-pin-go-kath-et-er-iz'- 
mus {salpingo, catheterismus) Catheterism of the 
Eustachian tube. 
Salpingocyesis, sal-pin-go-se-a'sis {salpingo, kuesis, 
pregnancy). Tubal pregnancy. See Pregnancy. 
Salpingomal'leus. Tensor tympani muscle. 
Salpingona'sal fold. Fold of mucous membrane 
from opening of Eustachian tube to posterior nares. 
Salpingo-odphorectomy, sal - pin' go - o -o - for - ek '- 
to-me. Operation for excision of Fallopian tube and 
ovary. 
Salpingodvariot'omy. Salpingo-oophorectomy. 
Salpingopal'atal fold. Fold of mucous membrane 
covering levator palati muscle. 
Salpingopharyngseus, sal-pin-go-far-in-je'us {sal- 
pingo, pharunx, pharynx). Bundle of fibres passing 
from the Eustachian tube to the pharynx. 
Salpingopterygoid (sal-pin-go-ter'ig-oid) lig'ament. 
The slip of fascia extending between the spine of the 
sphenoid and the hamular process. 
Salpingostaphylinus, sal-pin-go-staf-il-e'nus. Cir- 
cumflex muscle. S. inter'nus, levator palati. 
Salpingostenochoria, sal-pin-go-sten-o-ko're-ah 
{salpingo, stenos, narrow, chora, space).. Narrowness 
or stricture of the Eustachian tube. SALPINGOSTEROCYESIS 
Salpingosterocyesis, sal-pin-go-ster-o-se-a'sis {sal- 
pinx, stereos, solid, kuesis, pregnancy). Pregnancy in 
which the foetus occupies both the uterus and the Fal- 
lopian tube, developing at their junction. 
Salpingotomy, sal-pin-got'o-me {salpinx, Fallopian 
tube, tome, incision). Operation upon the Fallopian 
tube for extirpation of tumors of that canal; some- 
times also rendered necessary in removal of the 
ovary. 
Salpinx, sal'pinks {salpinx, tube). Eustachian 
tube; Fallopian tube. 
Sal'safy. Tragopogon porrifolium. 
Salsaparil'la German'ica. Sarsaparilla German- 
ica. 
Salsedo, sal-sa'do {salsus, salt). Brine. S. mu'crum, 
potassii nitras. 
Sal'sifi. Tragopogon porrifolium. 
Salsila'go or Salsitu'do {salsus, salt). Brine. 
Salso'la decum'bens {salsus, owing to its saline 
properties). S. kali. S. ka'li, Prickly saltwort, ord. 
Chenopodiace®. This plant, as well as S. sativa and 
S. soda or longifolia, produces the alkaline salt com- 
monly called barilla, soda, or kelp. S. longifo'lia, 
S. kali. S. sati'va, see S. kali and Soda. S. so'da, 
see S. kali. 
Salsuginosus, sal-su-jin-o'sus {salsus, salty). Briny. 
Term applied to an affection in which the heat feels 
pungent under the finger of the physician. 
Salsu'go {salsus, salt). Brine. 
Sal'sus. Saline; salty. 
Salt. Name formerly given to a considerable num- 
ber of substances of very different nature. At present 
chemists apply the term generally to the combination 
of an acid with one or more bases. Neutral salts are 
those in which the acid and base reciprocally saturate 
each other. Acid salts or supersalts are those in which 
the acid predominates over the base, and the prefixes 
bi and ter indicate the proportion of acid. Alkaline 
salts or subsalts are those in which the base is pre- 
dominant, when the prefixes di and tre indicate the 
proportion of base. The different denominations of 
the salts are compounded: 1. Of the name of the acid, 
the termination of which is changed into ite when 
the name of the acid is in ous; ate when it is in 
ic. Thus the salts formed by sulphurous acid are sul- 
phites ; those by sulphuric, sulphates. 2. This name is 
followed up by that of the oxide which enters into 
the composition of the salt. Thus the sulphate of pro- 
toxide of iron is a combination of sulphuric acid with 
the protoxide of that metal. Frequently, to shorten 
the name, the word oxide is suppressed; and proto, 
deuto, trito, etc. put before the acid; as protosulphate 
of iron. Simple salts are those resulting from the com- 
bination of an acid with a single base; double salts, 
with two different bases; triple, with three, etc. A 
haloid salt is one constituted after the type of common 
salt, or which contains a metal and a salt-radical, as 
chlorine, iodine, etc. An oxysalt is formed from the 
combination of an acid with an oxide. 
When salt is used in an abstract sense it means the 
chloride of sodium. 
Salt, ape'rient, of Fred'erlck. Sodium sulphate. 
S., ba'ker's, ammonii carbonas. S. of baril'la, so- 
dium carbonate. S., bay, sodium chloride. S., bit'- 
ter pur'ging, magnesii sulphas. S. of bones, am- 
monii carbonas. S., com'mon, sodium chloride. S., 
Ep'som, magnesii sulphas. S., Glau'ber's, sodium 
sulphate. S., Glau'ber's, Lymington, see Sodium 
sulphate. S. of lem'ons, potassii oxalas. S., Pres'- 
ton, see Aminonii carbonas. S. rheum, a commonly 
used term for several skin diseases, particularly 
chronic eczema. S., Rochelle, sodium tartrate. S., 
rock, sodium chloride. S., sea, sodium chloride. S., 
sec'ondary, neutral salt. S., Seig'nette's, sodium 
tartrate. S., smell'ing, ammonii carbonas. S. of 
so'da, sodium carbonate. S. solu'tion, made by 
adding 0.6 per cent, of sodium chloride to distilled 
water. Used for histological purposes. S., sore 
throat, potass® nitras fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus. 
S. of tar'tar, see Potassii carbonas and Potash. S., 
taste'less pur'ging, sodium phosphate. S. of u'rine, 
980 
> SAMBUCUS 
ammonii carbonas. S., white, sodium chloride. S. 
of wood'soot, ammonii carbonas. S. of worm'wood, 
see Potash. 
Sal'tans ro'sa. Urticaria. 
Saltatio, sal-tah'she-o (salto, to dance). Dancing. 
S. Sanc'ti Vi'ti, chorea. 
Saltato'ric (saltator, dancer). Jumping or dancing. 
S. spasm, uncommon nervous disease marked by 
clonic spasms of the leg-muscles when the patient 
attempts to stand, causing jumping movements. 
Saltatory, sal' ta - to - re. Progressing by jumps. 
Jumping. 
Sal'ter's incremental lines. Lines parallel to 
outer surface of dentine of teeth, due to imperfect 
calcification of the dentine. S.'s swing, a surgical 
apparatus for suspension of a fractured limb. 
Saltpetre (sal, petra, a rock). Potassii nitras. 
Salts. Common name for Epsom salts or magne- 
sium sulphate. 
Saltus (salio, saltum, to leap). Leap. Vulva. S. 
ten'dinum, subsultus tendinum. 
Salt'wort, prick'ly. Salsola kali. 
Salu'ber. Salutary. 
Salu'brious (salubris, healthy). Salutary. 
Salu'briousness. Salubrity. 
Salu'bris (salus, health). Salutary. 
Salubrity, sal-u'brit-e (salubris). Salubriousness. 
Anything which contributes to the health of individ- 
uals or of communities. Situations differ materially 
from each other in this respect. 
Sal'ufer. Neutral sodium silico-fluoride; white 
inodorous substance. Used as a deodorant and disin- 
fectant. 
Sa'lus. Health. 
Sal'utary (salus). Salubrious; healthy; that which 
is favorable to health. 
Salutif'erous (salus, fero, to bear). Bringing 
health; health-bearing. 
Salvatel'la. Vena salvatella. A vein situate on the 
back of the hand, near its inner margin. It begins on 
the posterior surface of the fingers and dorsal surface 
of the hand by a plexus formed by a number of radi- 
cles, frequently anastomosing with each other; it then 
ascends to the inner part of the forearm, where it 
takes the name posterior cubital. The ancients at- 
tributed to abstraction of blood from this vein consid- 
erable efficacy in curing disease: hence its name, 
salveo, to be well. 
Salve. Unguentum. S., blistering, unguentum 
lytte. S., DeshTer's, ceratum resinm compositum. 
S., eye, unguentum oxidi zinci impuri; unguentum 
hydrargyri nitrico-oxidi. 
Salvia, sal've-ah (salveo, to be well, owing to its re- 
puted healing qualities). S. officinalis, Sage, Save. 
Ord. Labiate. The leaves of Salvia officinalis (Ph. 
U. S.) are tonic, stimulant, and carminative. In the 
form of a weak infusion sage is used as a diluent and 
as a wash for sore mouth and a gargle. S. Africa'- 
na, Wild sage, a S. African species, has the same medi- 
cal properties as salvia. S. colorata, Salvia hormi- 
num. S. hormi'num, of the pharmacopoeias, is used 
in similar cases to salvia. S. horten'sis, salvia. S. 
lyrata, Wild sage, Cancerweed; indigenous; the fresh 
leaves, bruised, are used to destroy warts, and have 
been employed in cancer. S. mi'nor, salvia. S. of- 
ficinalis, salvia. S. scla'rea, Common clary; the 
leaves have been recommended as corroborants and 
antispasmodics. S. vitae, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
S. vulga'ris, salvia. 
Sal'viol. Volatile oil in sage, wild sage especially. 
Samadeta In'dica. Furnishes the niepa bark, 
which is antiperiodic. 
Sambai'ba. Curatella sambaiba. 
Sambaibin'ha. Davila rugosa. 
Sam'bo. See Mulatto. Sambo and Zambo also sig- 
nify the offspring of the Indian and negro. 
Sambucus, sam-bu'kus (sambuke, an ancient musical 
instrument, said to have been made of its wood). 
Elder, Elnorne, Ellentree, Ellarne. Ord. Caprifoliacese. 
(The flower and bark were formerly called Canopum.) 
The flowers, Sambucus (Ph. U. S.), Sambuci flores (Ph. SA Mi TERRA 
Br.), berries, and bark of the elder have been used in 
medicine; the flowers being reputed diaphoretic and 
discutient; the berries, aperient and sudorific; the 
bark, purgative and, in small doses, deobstruent. 
The flowers are sometimes used in fomentations and 
to form a cooling ointment. S. arbo'rea, sambucus. 
S. Canaden'sis, sambucus. S. chamseac'te, S. ebulus. 
S. eb'ulus, Dwarf elder, Danewort; the root, interior 
bark, leaves, flowers, berries (Baccse or Grana actes), 
and seeds have all been given in moderate doses as 
resolvents and deobstruents; in large doses as hydra- 
gogues. S. heTion, Sambucus ebulus. S. herba'cea, 
S. ebulus. S. hu'milis, S. ebulus. S. ni'gra, sam- 
bucus. S. pu'bens or pubes'cens or racemo'sa, 
Red-berried elder; indigenous; the bark in decoction 
is said to be a valuable hydragogue cathartic. S. 
racemo'sa, S. pubens. S. vulga'ris, sambucus. 
Sa'mi ter'ra. Samian earth. Argillaceous earth 
found in the island of Samos, to which were ascribed 
virtues similar to those of the terra Lemnii. 
Sa'mius la'pls. Samian stone. Stone found in the 
isle of Samos, formerly believed astringent and re- 
frigerant. 
Sam'phire. Crithmum maritimum. 
Samp'son, black. Echinacea purpurea. 
Sampsuchon, samp'su-kon. Origanum majorana. 
Sampsu'cus. Sweet marjoram. 
Sampsychum, samp'sic-um. Origanum majorana. 
Sam'son's snake'root. Psoralea melilotoides. 
Sanab'ilis (sano, to heal, habilis, able). Curable. 
San'able. Curable. 
San'amunda. Geum urbanum. 
Sanatio, san-ah'she-o (sano, to cure). Curation; 
cure. 
Sanative, san'at-iv. Curative ; sanitary. 
Sanatorium. See Sanitarium. 
Sanatory, san'at-o-re. Curative. 
Sand. See Gravel. S. bath, see Arenatio and Bath. 
S., brain, see Pineal gland. S., pin'eal, see Pineal 
gland. S. tu'mor, psammoma. 
San'dalum caeru'leum. Beu nut. See Guilandina 
moringa. S. ru'brum, Pterocarpus santalinus. 
Sandal-wood. Santalum. 
San'darac. Gum juniper or sandarach, Pounce. 
Odorous resin which flows from the Thuya aphylla; 
stimulant like all the resins. 
Sandarach'a Grseco'rum (sandarache). Realgar. 
Sand'blind. Defect of vision in which small par- 
ticles seem to fly before the eyes. See Metamor- 
phopsia. 
San'ders. See Saunders. 
Sand'flea. Pulex penetrans. 
San'diver. See Vitrum. 
San'dix or San'dyx. Plumbi oxidum rubrum. 
Sand'sedge. Carex arenaria. 
Sang. The malignant vesicle so fatal to cattle. 
Sangaree, san-gar-e'. Wine and water or porter 
and water, sweetened and spiced. 
Sanger's operation. Gastro-hysterotomy, the 
technique of which has been modified and improved 
by Sanger. The uterus is raised from the cavity, 
sutures applied at the upper angle of the wound in 
the abdomen to close it about the uterus, and com- 
pression exerted at the cervix. The uterus is then 
opened and the child extracted. The peritoneum is 
then dissected from the muscular margin of the 
wound, and a wedge-shaped piece of the muscular 
coat removed, the peritoneum being turned down 
over the muscular layer and sutures introduced, and 
the peritoneal surfaces also united by sutures. 
Sangra'do (sangrador, bleeder). A doctor in Gil 
Blas who was a heroic bleeder; hence popularly ap- 
plied to such a one. 
Sanguiductus (san-gwe-duk'tus) du'rse ma'tris 
(sanguis, blood, duco, to lead). Sinuses of the dura 
mater. 
Sanguification, san-gwe-fik-a'shun (sanguis, blood, 
facio, to make). Hsematosis. S. debit'ior, morbidly 
diminished hsematosis or aeration of the blood. 
Sanguifluxus, san-gwe-fluks'us (sanguis, blood, fluo, 
to flow). Hemorrhage. S. uteri'nus, metrorrhagia. 
981 
L SANIES 
Sanguimotion, san-gwe-mo'shun {sanguis, blood, 
moveo, to move). Circulation of the blood. 
Sanguimotory, san-gwe-mo'to-re. Circulatory. 
Sanguinalis corrigiola, san-gwin-al'is kor-rij-e-o'- 
lah {sanguis, because used to stop blood). Polygonum 
aviculare. 
Sanguina'ria {sanguis, blood, owing to the color of 
its juice). Bloodroot, Bloodwort, Puccoon, Red puccoon, 
Red root, Indian paint, Turmeric; ord. Papaver- 
aceae. A N. American plant. The rhizome-Sangui- 
naria (Ph. U. S.)-and seeds are used in medicine; 
emetic. Sanguinaria is said to reduce the velocity 
of the pulse. The active principle is sanguinarina or 
sanguinarine. The nitrate of sanguinarine is em- 
ployed as an expectorant, nauseant, etc. in doses of 
gr. |. The sulphate is also used as an emetic, J to 
1 grain. Polygonum aviculare. 
Sanguinarina (san-gwin-ar-e'nah) or Sanguin'a- 
rine. See Sanguinaria. S. ni'trate, see Sanguinaria. 
S. sul'phate, see Sanguinaria. 
San'guine {sanguis, blood). Hematic; bloody; blood- 
like ; having the color of blood, as a sanguine coun- 
tenance ; plethoric. 
Sanguinea, san-gwin'e-ah. Potassii nitras. 
San'guineness. Plethora. 
Sanguineous, san-gwin'e-us. Plethoric; sanguine. 
S. cysts, cysts containing blood, either primarily or 
from accidental hemorrhage into their cavities. 
Sanguin'eus. Sanguine. 
San'guinis absorp'tio. Absorption of blood, as 
when effused. S. conges'tio, congestion. S. disso- 
lu'tio, dissolution of the blood. S. fluor, haemoptysis. 
S. flu'or vesi'cse, discharge of blood from the vessels 
of the urinary bladder. S. ic'tus, cerebral apoplexy. 
S. mis'sio, bloodletting. S. proflu'vium copio'sum, 
hemorrhage. S. proflu'vium ex ore, hemorrhage 
from the mouth. S. stagna'tio, stagnation of the 
blood. 
Sanguinolent, san-gwin'o-lent {sanguis}. Tinged 
with blood. An epithet applied particularly to the 
sputa when so tinged ; bloody. 
Sanguino'sus. Sanguine. 
Sanguipurgium, san-gwe-pur'je-um {sanguis, pur- 
go, to cleanse). Purgation of the blood. A name 
given by some authors to mild fevers, from an idea 
that they purged the blood of noxious matters. 
Sanguis, san'gwis. Blood; sperm. S. bovi'nus, 
dried bullock's blood; employed as a nutrient. S. 
concre'tus, coagulum. S. draco'nis, see Calamus ro- 
tang. S. hir'd sicca'tus, see Blood. S. men'struus, 
see Menses. S. in uri'na, hsematuria. S. vir'ginis 
pri'mum menstrua'tse, see Menses. 
Sanguisorba Canadensis, san-gue-sor'bah can-a- 
den'sis {sanguis, blood, sorbeo, to absorb, so called from 
its astringency). Indigenous plant, ord. Rosacese, 
with white, sometimes purple, flowers, which has the 
same virtues as S. ofiicina'lis, Italian pimpernel. The 
latter was formerly used as an astringent and tonic 
in hemorrhages, dysentery, etc. 
Sanguisuga, san-gue-su'gah {sanguis, blood, sugo, 
to suck). Leech. 
Sanguisugum, san-gwe-su'gum. Barbarous term, 
denoting too great an accumulation of blood in the 
heart. 
San'icle. Sanicula; S. Marilandica. S., Ameri- 
can, Heuchera cortusa. S., York'shire, Pinguicola 
vulgaris. 
Sanicula, san-ik'u-lah {sano, to heal). Saxifraga 
granulata. S. Eboracen'sis, Pinguicola vulgaris. S. 
Europoe'a or mas or oflicina'rum, Woodmarch; an 
herb formerly used as a mild astringent. S. Mari- 
lan'dica, Sanicle, Maryland sanicle, Black snakeroot; 
indigenous plant; tonic. The powdered root is em- 
ployed in popular practice as a remedy in intermit- 
tent fever; also in chorea. S. mas, sanicula. S. 
monta'na, Pinguicola vulgaris. S. oflicina'rum, 
sanicula. 
Sanidodes, san-id-o'dees {sanis, a board). One 
whose thorax is flat like a board. 
Sanies, san'e-ees (sant/wis, blood). Thin serous 
fluid, presenting some of the qualities of pus and SANIOSUS 
blood, and commonly exhaled at the surface of ul- 
cers. S. gangraeno'sa, fluid resulting from destruc- 
tion of tissue, differing according to the structures 
involved. 
Saniosus (san-e-o'sus) or Sanious, san'e-us. Ich- 
orous. 
Sanita'rium {sanitas, health). Retreat selected for 
valetudinarians in consequence of its salubrity. Also 
an establishment for the treatment of the sick. The 
former would be more properly a sanitarium, the 
latter a sanatorium. 
Sanitary. Sanatory. Relating to health, espe- 
cially to public health. 
San'itas (sanus, healthy). Health. A state in 
which all the functions are exerted with regularity 
and harmony. A person may, however, be in health 
although certain functions are not performed-a blind 
man, for example. Sanity is often used for soundness 
of mind. See also Cure. 
Sanitation, san-it-a'shun (sanitas, health). The 
method of application of the rules of hygienic living. 
Sanity. Sanitas. 
Sanki'ra. Smilax China. 
San'son-Purkin'je's im'ages. Three pairs of re- 
flected images of one object, seen in the pupil of the 
eye. The first two are perpendicular, respectively 
from the anterior surface of the cornea and anterior 
surface of the lens; the third inverted pair being 
from the posterior capsule of the lens. 
San'son's experiment. A method formerly em- 
ployed in diagnosing cataract, consisting of reflections 
of a candle-flame from the surfaces of the cornea and 
lens; the reflections from the surface of the cornea and 
anterior surface of the lens being large, while the re- 
flection from the posterior surface of the lens is small 
and inverted. 
San'ta An'a bark. Cusco bark. 
Santalin, san'tal-in. C15H14O5. Coloring matter 
of red saunders. 
Santalum, san'tal-um. See Pterocarpus santalinus. 
S. al'bum, Yellow and White saunders; ord. Santala- 
ceae. White sandal-wood is the young timber, yellow 
sandal-wood the old; the virtues of the wood of the 
white saunders reside in the volatile oil and resinous 
principle; the odor is fragrant and resembles a mix- 
ture of ambergris and roses. It has been used as a 
stimulant and sudorific; the oil has been given in 
gonorrhoea. S. myrtifo'lium, S. album. S. ru'brum, 
Pterocarpus santalinus. 
San'tal-wood. Sandal-wood. 
Santolina chamsecyparissus, san-to-le'nah kam-e- 
sip-ar-is'us. An indigenous plant of the mountains 
of Europe ; ord. Composite. 
Santon'ic ac'id. Acid formed by boiling santonin 
in strong baryta-water. Isothermic with santoninic 
acid. 
Santonica (Ph. U. S. and Br.), san-ton'ik-ah. The 
unexpanded flower-heads of Artemisia maritima. 
See Artemisia santonica. 
Santonicum, san-ton'ik-um (Santonia, its native 
place). Artemisia santonica. 
San'tonin or San'tonine. Santoninum (Ph. U. S. 
and Br.). C15H18O3. A peculiar crystalline sub- 
stance obtained from Artemisia santonica. Anthel- 
mintic. 
Santo'ninas so'dicus. Sodium santoninate. 
Santoninic (san-to-nin'ik) ac'id. C15H20O4. Made 
by action of alkalies upon santonin. 
Santoninoxim, san-ton-in-oks'im. Derivative ob- 
tained by heating santonin with hydrochlorate of 
hydroxylamine; anthelmintic. 
Santoninum, san-to-ne'num. Santonin or santo- 
nine. 
Santorini (san-tor-e'ne), car'tilages of (after the 
Italian anatomist). Corniculum laryngis. S., fis'- 
sures of, clefts at the upper and back part of the 
fibrocartilaginous portion of the external ear. S., 
tu'bercles of, small cartilaginous projections at the 
top of the arytenoid cartilages, which support the 
ligaments of the glottis; see Corniculum laryngis. S., 
veins of, emissary veins, those forming communica- 
982 
SAPO 
tions between the sinuses of the dura mater and 
veins exterior to the skull. 
Sao'ria (Guiana name). The ripe and dried fruit 
of Maesa or Bceobotrys picta, an Abyssinian tree; 
used in powder as a tseniafuge. 
Sap. The circulating fluid of vegetables, corre- 
sponding to the blood of animals. 
Sa'pa. See Rob. 
Sapha'da. Eeddish scales adherent to the hair in 
some eruptions of the hairy scalp. 
Baphsena, saf-e'nah. Saphena. 
Sapha'tum. Asaphatum. 
Saphena, saf-e'nah (saphes, manifest, evident). A 
name given to two subcutaneous veins of the lower 
limb-saphenous veins. These are-1. The Great 
saphena vein. Its radicles occupy the inner part of the 
great toe, forming a transverse arch on the back of 
the foot, which unites wnth the saphena externa, 
receiving at its convex part, which is turned forward, 
a number of branches from the toes. These radicles, 
when united, ascend before the inner ankle and form 
a trunk, its size being further increased by several 
branches proceeding from the region of the tarsus 
and that of the metatarsus. This trunk ascends ver- 
tically at the inner part of the leg, passes behind the 
inner condyle of the femur, proceeds along the inner 
part of the thigh, receives other subcutaneous veins, 
and passes through the inferior opening of the crural 
canal to empty itself into the femoral vein. 2. The 
lesser vena saphena commences by several roots, spread- 
ing over the dorsum and outer side of the foot, and 
embracing the outer ankle. Behind this they unite 
into a single trunk, which ascends obliquely, approach- 
ing the tendo Achillis, and proceeding vertically to- 
ward the ham to open into the popliteal vein. 
Saphenous, saf-e'nus. Of or belonging to the 
saphena. S. nerves are two in number, and are 
branches of the crural or femoral nerve. They are 
the short saphenous (nervus cutaneus internus) and 
the long saphenous (nervus cutaneus internus longus). 
The external saphenous, formed by the union of the 
communicans poplitei and communicans peronei, 
passes down the leg by the side of the external saph- 
enous vein of the foot. S. o'pening, oval and some- 
what oblique opening in the fascia lata, a little 
below Poupart's ligament, for the transmission of the 
principal superficial vessels; here likewise femoral 
hernia descends. S. veins, see Saphena. 
Sap'id (sapio, to taste). Possessed of sapidity; 
having the power of affecting the organs of taste. 
Sapidity. Sapidness, Saporosity, Sapor. The qual- 
ity of bodies giving them taste. 
Sapindus, sap-in'dus (sapo Indus, Indian soap). 
Soap tree; ord. Sapindaceae. The name of the plant 
that affords the soap-nut or soap-berry, a spherical 
fruit about the size of a cherry; the cortical part 
is yellow, glossy, and so transparent as to show the 
spherical black nut that rattles within, and includes 
a white kernel. The cortical part of this fruit, which 
has similar effects with soap in washing, has been 
recommended in chlorosis and as a stomachic and 
deobstruent. 
Sa'pium sebif'erum. Stillingia sebifera. S. 
sylvat'icum, Stillingia sylvatica. 
Sa'po (L.) (Greek sapori). A product obtained by 
treating fatty bodies with caustic alkalies dissolved in 
water. Yellow soap is formed of turpentine, oil, and 
an alkali. Castile soap, being made of fine olive oil, 
is the kind generally selected for internal use. The 
yellow and soft soaps are the most stimulating, and 
are consequently best adapted for particular cutane- 
ous eruptions. Internally, soap is purgative and 
diuretic; externally, it is detergent and stimulant. 
Soapy water is used with the greatest success in cases 
of poisoning by acids. Soap is applied externally 
to bruises and sprains. In pharmacy it is used to 
favor the solution of resins. S. ac'idus, Acid soap, 
a combination of a fixed oil with an acid. S. al'- 
ba, castile soap; olive oil soap. S. ammoniaca'lis, 
linimentum ammonias fortius. S. ammo'niae olea'- 
ceus, linimentum ammoniac fortius. S. amygdali'- SAPODILLA 
nus, sapo medicinalis. S. anima'lis (Ph. Br.), curd 
soap; soap made with soda and a purified animal 
fat consisting principally of stearin. S. aromat'icus 
sol'idus, opodeldoc. S. butyri'nus, butter soap. S. 
cacaoti'nus, sapo coconeus. S. calca'rius, linimen- 
tum aquae calcis. S. cal'cis, lime soap; see Linimen- 
tum aquse calcis. S. Castilien'sis, see Sapo medicinalis. 
S. coco'neus, Soap of cocoanut oil, has been much 
used in Germany in herpetic affections. S. 
domes'ticus, curd soap. S. du'rus, S. medicina- 
lis. S. guaiaci'nus, Soap of guaiac; soap made from 
guaiacum and liquor potassse. S. Hispan'icus, see 
S. medicinalis. S. kal'icus, S. mollis. S. llq'uidus, 
Liquid soap, cosmetic composed of olive oil. ol. tartari 
per deliquium, and aq. rosarum. S. medicina'lis 
or medica'tus, Medicinal soap, is made of oil of 
sweet almonds and half its weight of caustic alkali; 
or, like the Spanish or Castile soap, sapo durus, sapo 
(Ph. U. S.), of olive oil and soda. S. mol'lis (Ph. Br.), 
Common or Soft soap, is made of potassa and olive oil. 
The Sapo vulgaris, or " common soap," formerly in the 
Ph. U. S., was made of soda and almond oil. S. ni'- 
ger, Black soap, a combination of train-oil and an 
alkali. S. plum'bi ox'idi, lead soap; see Lead plaster. 
S. terebin'thinse, see Sapo. S. vegetab'ilis, pulvis 
gummosus alkalinus. S. vir'idis (Ph. U. S.), Green 
soap; soap prepared from potassa and fixed oils; used 
extensively in treatment of skin diseases, especially 
of eczema rubrum. A soap of hempseed oil, linseed 
oil or rape oil, with an alkali; was formerly called 
green soap. A tincture of sapo viridis is made of 
green soap, 65; oil of lavender, 2; alcohol, q. s. ad 
100 parts. S. vulga'ris, see Sapo mollis. 
Sapodilla, sap-o-dil'lah. Fruit of Achras sapota, 
seeds of which are diuretic and cathartic. 
Saponaceous, sa-pon-a'shus (sapo, soap). Soapy; 
containing soap, as soap liniment. 
Sapona'ria (sapo, the juice forming a lather with 
water). Soapwort, Bruisewort, Bouncing bet; a decoc- 
tion of the leaves of this plant has been used in scrof- 
ula, cancer, syphilis, cutaneous eruptions, jaundice, 
visceral obstructions, etc. See Sapindus saponaria. S. 
vacca'ria, Vaccaria vulgaris. 
Sapona'riae nu'culae. See Sapindus saponaria. 
Saponification, sa-pon-i-fi-ka'shun (sapo, facio, to 
make), Formation of soap. When a putrefying 
corpse is exposed to water or is placed in very damp 
soil, it may undergo a process of saponification, the 
fatty acids combining with the ammonia, forming 
adipocire. 
Saponin, sa'po-nin (sapo). Glucoside occurring in 
Soapwort, in the root of Polygala senega, in Caulo- 
phyllum, Quillaya, and other plants, a solution of 
which, in water, froths like soap. It is a local irri- 
tant, an anaesthetic, and paralyzant. 
Saponules, sap'on ules. Imperfect soaps formed 
by combinations of volatile or essential oils with 
different bases. See Opodeldoch. Acid saponules are 
combinations of such oils with acids. 
Sapon'ulus ammoniaca'lis. Ammonia liniment. 
Sa'por. Sapidity; savor. 
Saporosity, sap-or-os'it-e. Sapidity. 
Saporous, sa'por-us. Sapid. 
Sapota, sap-o'tah. Sapodilla plum tree; oval- 
fruited sapota. A tree growing in the Antilles, and 
particularly at St. Domingo. Its fruit is much es- 
teemed. It resembles the marmalade of quinces; 
hence has been called natural marmalade. Emul- 
sion of the seeds has been given in nephritic affec- 
tions. The bark is febrifuge. S. a'chras, sapota. 
S. Mull'eri, bullet tree of Dutch Guiana, producing a 
substance, analogous to gutta percha, called bulata. 
Sapotil'la. Sapota. 
Sap'pan-wood. Wood of Caesalpinia sappan. Used 
as a dye and to substitute hsematoxylon. 
Sapphism, saf'fism (Sappho). Lesbian love; sex- 
ual love of women for members of their own sex. 
Saprsemia, sap-re'me-ah (sapros, putrid, haima). 
Toxaemia due to products of septic micro-organisms. 
Saprine, sap'reen (sapros, putrid). C5H14N2. Non- 
poisonous ptomaine, isomeric with cadaverine, occur- 
983 
SARCOCELE 
ring in putrefying human livers and spleens, with 
cadaverine, putrescine, etc. See Ptomaines (table). 
Saprogenic (sap-ro-jen'ik) or Saprogenous, sap-roj'- 
en-us. Inducing putrefaction. See Bacteria. 
Saproleg'nia. A genus of plants, midway between 
the fungi and algae, existing upon the surface of ma- 
rine animals. 
Saprophilous, sap-rof'il-us (sapros, phileo, to love). 
Name applied to micro-organisms living or developing 
in putrid material, as bacteria, bacilli, etc. 
Saprophytes, sap'ro-fites (sapros, phuton). Vege- 
table organisms living upon dead organic material. 
Saprophytic, sap-ro-fit'ik. Pertaining or relating 
to saprophytes. See Bacteria. 
Saprop'yra (sapros, putrid, pur, fever). Typhus 
gravior; putrid fever. 
Sa'pros (sapros). Putrid; rancid. 
Saprostomous, sap-ros'to-mus (sapros, stoma, mouth). 
One having an offensive breath. 
Saprotes, sap'ro-tees (sapros, putrid). Putrefaction. 
Sara'ca In'dica. Jasundi; asak. Bark used as 
astringent and sedative in menorrhagia. 
Sarapus, sar'ap-us (saro, to grin, pous, the foot). 
One who has a large foot, whose toes are largely 
separated, or whose feet are much asunder in walk- 
ing. See Kyllosis. 
Sarato'ga, min'eral wa'ters of. The Saratoga 
Springs in New York are much frequented. These 
excellent waters are, as a class, applicable to cases 
of dyspepsia associated with visceral engorgement, 
chronic congestion of the liver, biliary catarrh, jaun- 
dice, etc.; but, as they differ in composition, it is im- 
possible to state explicitly to what special affections 
they are universally applicable. 
Sarcentome, sark'en-tome (sarco, en, in, tome, in- 
cision). Entome. Modified form of scarificator for 
stricture of the urethra. 
Sarcepiplocele, sark-ep-ip-lo-se'le (Eng. sark-ep-ip'- 
lo-seel). Sarco-epiplocele. 
Sarcepiplomphalocele, sark-ep-ip-lom-fal-o-se'le 
(Eng. sark-ep-ip-lom'fal-o-seel). Sarco-epiplomphalo- 
cele. 
Sarcepiplomphalus, sark-ep-ip-lom'fal-us. Sarco- 
epiplomphalus. 
Sarcidium, sar-sid'e-um (sarkidion, small piece of 
flesh). Caruncle. 
Sarcin (sar'sin) or Sarcine, sar'seen. Sarcosin; 
hypoxanthin. 
Sarcina, sar'sin-ah (a pack, a burden). Genus of 
family Coccacese; packet cocci, dividing in three 
directions, forming colonies in cubes or packets. 
Foetus. S. auranti'aca, micrococci either single, 
in pairs, tetrads, or groups, forming deeply yel- 
low colonies on gelatin culture-media, with lique- 
faction of the same. S. au'rea, oscillating cocci 
occurring in same forms as S. aurantiaca, forming 
yellow colonies with rapid liquefaction of gelatin; 
flourishes on agar or bouillon. S. hyali'na, discovered 
in marshy ground. S. intestina'lis, cocci in groups 
of four or eight in intestines of fowls. S. litora'lis, 
in sea-water containing putrefying matter. S. 
lu'tea, common in ordinary air; forms small disk- 
like colonies on gelatin and a yellow layer on potato. 
S. pulmo'num exists in phthisical sputa; forms small 
white colonies on gelatin, brown on potato. S. Reiten- 
bach'ii, discovered on rotting water-plants. S. ro'sea, 
a variety found in marshes. S. uri'nse, very minute 
cocci, occurring in packets of from eight to sixty-four; 
has been found in the bladder. S. ventric'uli, micro- 
scopic cryptogamous plant found in the fluid of water- 
brash. See Parasites. 
Sar'cine. Hypoxanthine. 
Sarcion, sar'se-on (sarkion). Caruncle. 
Sarcites, sar-se'tees (sarx, flesh). Anasarca. S. 
flatuo'sus, emphysema. 
Sarcitis, sar-se'tis (sarx, flesh). Inflammation of 
muscular structures; myositis. 
Sar'co (sarx, flesh). In composition, flesh. 
Sarcocele, sar-ko-se'le (Eng. sar'ko-seel) (sarco, kele, 
a tumor). Sarcoma scroti. Scirrhus of the testicle; 
cancer of the testicle; carcinoma testiculi. It has SARCOCEPHALUS ESCULENTUS 
also been called malignant sarcocele, as cystic dis- 
ease of the testicle, morbus testiculi cysticus, has been 
termed cystic sarcocele. The disease affects adults 
particularly, most commonly after an inflammatory 
swelling of the testicle; sometimes depending upon a 
blow, at others appearing without appreciable cause. 
There is a hard, heavy, ovoid or spherical swelling of 
the testicle, being at first slightly or not at all pain- 
ful, and causing an unpleasant traction on the sper- 
matic cord which is swollen and participates in the 
affection. Very painful shootings occur; the lymph- 
atic glands of the abdomen become swollen, forming 
a tumor which may at times be felt through the ab- 
domen, and the patient at length dies with every 
sign of the cancerous diathesis. The prognosis is 
very unfavorable. Extirpation of the testicle will 
sometimes save life. When of syphilitic origin sarco- 
cele is called syphilitic sarcocele, morbus syphiliticus 
testiculi. Tuberculous disease of the testicle has re- 
ceived the name tuberculous sarcocele, morbus testic- 
uli tuberculosus. S. Algypti'aca, elephantiasis scroti. 
S., cys'tic, see Sarcocele. S., malig'nant, see Sarco- 
cele. S. syphilit'ica, see Sarcocele. S., tuber'culous, 
see Sarcocele. 
Sarcoceph'alus esculen'tus. Shrub of tropical 
Africa; ord. Eosaceae. African peach root. The root 
is used as a bitter tonic in indigestion. 
Sarcocolla, sar-ko-kol'lah (sarco, kolla, glue). 
Eesinous matter from Penaea sarcocolla, P. mucronata, 
and other species of Penaea, an African shrub, being 
so called from a belief that it facilitates the consoli- 
dation of flesh. It was once employed as an astrin- 
gent and detergent. 
Sarcocoptes, sar-ko-kop'tees (sarco, kopto, to 
wound). See Psora. 
Sarcode, sar'kode (sarco). A secondary form of the 
primordial blastema. In some of the inferior ani- 
mals this amorphous, homogeneous substance, devoid 
of apparent structure, constitutes the greater portion, 
and even the whole, of the animal, as in the hydra. 
The term has been applied to the contents of cells, as 
of the cells of nutrition, epithelial cells, etc. See 
Cytoblastema and Protoplasm. 
Sarcodes, sar-ko'dees (sarx, flesh, odes). Carneous. 
Sarcodic, sar-kod'ic. Eelating or appertaining to 
sarcode, as sarcodic movement. S. sub'stance, sar- 
code. 
Sarco-epiplocele, sar-ko-ep-ip-lo-se'le (Eng. sar-ko- 
ep-ip'lo-seel) (sarco, epiploon, the epiploon, kele, tumor). 
Epiplocele complicated with sarcoma or sarcocele. 
Sarco-epiplomphalus, sar-ko-ep-e-plom' fal-us 
(sarco, epiploon, epiploon, omphalos, navel). Umbilical 
hernia formed by scirrhous epiploon or complicated 
with sarcoma. 
Sarcog'lia (sarx, glia, glue). Protoplasmic mate- 
rial forming the eminence of Doyere, where a motor 
nerve enters a muscular fibre; contains granules and 
nuclei. 
Sarcohydrocele, sar-ko-hid-ro-se'le (Eng. sark-o- 
hi'dro-seel). Hydrosarcocele. 
Sarcoid, sar'koid (sarco, eidos, resemblance). Ee- 
sembling flesh. 
Sarcolac'tic acid. C3H6O3. An acid isomeric with 
lactic acid ; occurs in muscles and urine. 
Sarcolem/ma (sarco, lemma, coat). Sheath sur- 
rounding the fibrils of muscle forming a fibre. It is 
quite distinct from the areolar membrane binding the 
fibres into fasciculi. 
Sarcologia, sar-ko-loj'e-ah (sarco, logos, discourse). 
Myology; sarcology. 
Sarcol'ogy (same etymon). The part of anatomy 
treating of the soft parts, comprising myology, angi- 
ology, neurology, and splanchnology. 
Sar'colytes (sarco, lutos, loosened). Bound or 
cylindrical bodies observed in developing muscles of 
the frog; supposed to be products of retrograde meta- 
morphosis of the muscle-fibres, and by some to be 
a developmental stage of the muscle-fibre. 
Sarcoma, sar-ko'mah (sarkoma, sarx, flesh, oma). 
Sarcomatous tumor, Histioid growth or tumor. Literally, 
any species of excrescence having a fleshy consistence. 
984 
SARCOMA 
The term has, however, of late years been employed 
to embrace a group of tumors, the tissues forming 
which belong to the series of connective substances, 
but which are distinguished from the tumors formed 
of the connective tissues by the preponderating de- 
velopment of the cell-elements. Granulation tissue 
formed during the inflammatory irritation of the 
connective tissue is regarded by Paget as the normal 
prototype of these tumors. Numerous morbid growths, 
malignant and non-malignant, varying in structure, 
location, consistence, etc., have been classed under this 
head. According to Paget, the following varieties have 
been described: 1. Tumors with spindle-shaped cells, 
the fibroplastic cells of Lebert (recurrent fibroid or 
fibroplastic tumors). This form of sarcoma is also called 
fasciculated or albuminous sarcoma and plasmoma. 
2. Tumors with colossal, giant, many-nucleated, or 
myeloid cells (myeloid or myeloplaxic tumors). 3. 
Tumors with small round cells like the lymph- or 
white blood-corpuscles, or pus or granulation cells 
(granulations sarcoma, gliosarcoma, lymphosarcoma). 
This form of sarcoma is known also as the embryo- 
plastic tumor, soft, medullary, glious. lymphoid, or 
encephaloid sarcoma. 4. Tumors with stellate cells 
and a gelatinous, shiny, intercellular substance, not 
unlike the material found in a myxoma (myxosar- 
coma). 5. Tumors with round or variously-shaped 
cells, most of which are of large size, and are usually 
imbedded in a fibrous matrix. Glioma is a va- 
riety of round-celled sarcoma growing from the 
neuroglia or connective tissue of nerves. 6. Tu- 
mors in which the cells contain a considerable 
proportion of pigment, which is most frequently 
found in the cells described in the last group, 
in the tumors with round and with fusiform 
cells (pigment or pigmentary sarcoma, melanoma, 
melanotic sarcoma). In all these forms, according to 
the same authority, an intercellular substance occurs, 
either homogeneous or fibrous, or which may present 
a delicate net-like or trabecular structure like that 
of a lymphatic gland. The following table exhibits 
the principal histological differences between gland- 
ular carcinoma and sarcoma (Gibbes): 
Carcinoma. 
Derived from epiblastic and 
hypoblastic structures. 
Possess a fibrous stroma. 
Blood-vessels run in fibrous 
trabeculae of stroma. 
Lymphatics in stroma. 
Sarcoma. 
Derived from mesoblastic 
structures. 
No stroma. 
Vessels run directly in con- 
tact with cells. 
No lymphatics. 
Sarco'ma, adipose, of Ab'ernethy, see Adipose 
sarcoma. S. alveola're, a form of round-celled 
sarcoma, being a carcinomatous degeneration of the 
sarcoma, usually occurring in the medulla of bone, 
in the eye, and in the subcutaneous tissues. S. car- 
cinomato'des, S. alveolare; scirrhus. S. cerco'sis, 
see Cercosis. S., com'mon vas'cular or organized, 
of Ab'ernethy, tumors seemingly composed of the 
gelatinous portion of the blood made vascular by 
growth of blood-vessels through it. They are vascu- 
lar throughout, of simple texture; when bulky, mapped 
on the surface with arborescent veins. S. epu'lis, 
epulis. S. flbrocellula're, see Tumor, fibrocellular. S., 
gelatinous, see Tumor, fibrocellular. S., glan'dular, 
Hodgkin's disease. S. globulocellula're sim'plex, 
granulation-like round-celled variety of sarcoma. S. 
lipomato'des, see Sarcoma lymphademoides. S., lipo'- 
matous, see Sarcoma lymphadeno'ides. S. lympha- 
denoi'des, lymphatic, gland-like, round-celled form 
of sarcoma. In lipomatous sarcoma, S. lipomatodes, 
which is one variety of this, a partial transformation 
into fat-cells takes place by the infiltration of fat, 
while in mucous sarcoma, S. myxomatodes, another 
variety, a mucoid metamorphosis of the basis-sub- 
stance occurs; see Lymphosarcoma. S., mas'toid, 
mammary sarcoma. S. medulla're or med'ullary, 
see Sarcoma alveolare, Encephaloid, ILematodes fungus. 
S., melanotic, a variety of sarcoma in which many 
of the cells contain granules of dark-colored pigment 
distinct from the pigment of extravasated blood. S. SARCOMATODES 
mol'le, sarcoma lymphadenoides. S. mollus'cum, 
connective-tissue tumors of the skin; multiple and 
presenting few spindle-cells. S., mu'cous, see Sar- 
coma lymphadenoides. S. myxomato'des, see Sarcoma 
lymphadenoides. S., pul'py, haematodes fungus. S. 
scro'ti, sarcocele. 
Sarcomatodes, sar-kom-at-o'dees. Sarcomatous. 
Sarcomato'sus. Sarcomatous. 
Sarcom'atous. Belonging to or having the charac- 
ters of sarcoma. 
Sarcom'phalum. Sarcomphalus. 
Sarcomphalus, sar-kom'fal-us (sarco, omphalos, 
navel). Scirrhous or fleshy tumor developed at the 
navel. 
Sarcomyces, sar-kom'is-ees (sarco, makes, fungus). 
Sarcospongus. 
Sarcomyce'tes. Parasitic fungi in animal tissues. 
Sarcophagus, sar-kof'ag-us {sarco, phago, to eat). 
Carnivorous; catheretic. 
Sarcoph'agy. Term applied to the eating of a diet 
composed of flesh. 
Sarcophia, sar-kof'e-ah {sarco, phuo, to grow). 
Excrescence; sarcoma. See Sarcophyte. 
Sarcophy'ma. Tumor composed of flesh; sarcoma. 
Sarcophyte, sar'ko-fite {sarco, phuton, vegetable). 
Flesh germ. Term synonymous with bioplast, the 
former, however, expressing the condition and desti- 
nation of a white cell, leucocyte; the latter, its vital 
and formative properties. 
Sar'coplasm. Sarcoglia. 
Sarcoplas'ma. Interfibrillar substance of muscles. 
Sar'coplasts. See Sarcolytes. 
SarcopsylTa pen'etrans {sarco,psulla, flea). Chique. 
Sarcop'tes scabie'i {sarco, kopto, to wound). Aca- 
rus scabiei. See Psora and Parasites. 
Sarcopyodes, sar-ko-pe-o'dees {sarco, puon, pus, 
odes). Having the appearance of pus mixed with 
flesh. An epithet given to certain excreted matters, 
particularly the sputa of consumptives. 
Sar'cosin (sarco). Extractive matter found in the 
flesh and in the blood. 
Sarco'sis (sarx, flesh, osis). Formation of flesh; 
also sarcoma; abnormal fleshy growth. S. bul/bi, 
fleshy growth from the globe of the eye. S. u'teri, 
hypertrophy of the uterus. 
Sarcospongus, sar-ko-spon'gus {sarco, spongos, fun- 
gus). Fleshy fungus. 
Sarcostosls, sar-cos-to'sis (sarco, ostosis, formation 
of bone). Osteosarcoma; growth of bony tumor in 
muscular tissue. 
Sarcothlasis (sar-koth'las-is) or Sarcothla'sia {sar- 
co, thlao, to bruise). Bruise of the flesh. 
Sarcotic, sar-kot'ic. Promoting growth or regen- 
eration of the flesh. 
Sar'cotome (sarco, tome, incision). Instrument for 
cutting soft tissues. 
Sar'cous (sarx, flesh). Of or belonging to flesh or 
muscle, as sarcous tissue. S. el'ements, Primitive 
particles; elementary particles which, by their union, 
form the mass of muscular fibre. Under high powers 
of the microscope the muscular fibrils seem to consist 
of alternate rectangular light and dark particles. 
These were so named by M. Bowman, and he consid- 
ered that they resulted from a splitting transversely 
of the muscular fibre into disks-Bowman's disks- 
and lengthwise into fibrillae. The dark particles re- 
fract light doubly, hence called disdiaclasts, while 
the others are only singly refractile. 
Sardiasis, sar-de'as-is (Sardo, Sardinia). Canine 
laugh; risus sardonicus. 
Sardo'nia her'ba. Ranunculus sceleratus. 
Sardoniasis, sar-don-e'as-is. Canine laugh; risus 
sardonicus. 
Sardonicus or Sardo'nius ri'sus. Canine laugh. 
Sa're. Essera. 
Sarep'ta. Russian mustard. 
Sar'kine. Hypoxanthin; sarcosin. 
Sar'koblasts. Sarcolytes. 
Sar'kolytes. Sarcolytes. 
Sarotham'nus scopa'rius (saros, broom, thamnos, 
shrub). Spartium scoparium. 
985 
SATUREIA CAPITATA 
Sarracenla, sar-rah-sen'e-ah (after Dr. Sarrazin of 
Quebec). Sidesaddle plant, Flytrap. The root of S. 
flava and S. variolaris is bitter and astringent, being 
a domestic remedy in dyspepsia, and the root of & 
purpurea, Pitcher plant, Indian or Huntsman's cap, is 
used, in infusion, by the Indians as a remedy for 
smallpox, both for prevention and cure. 
Sar'sa. Smilax sarsaparilla. 
Sar'sse ra'dix. Smilax sarsaparilla. 
Sarsaparilla, sar-sa-par-il'la ([S.] zarza, brier, pa- 
rilla, little vine, or from Parillo, a physician who first 
employed it). Sarsaparilla (Ph. U. S.) is the root of 
Smilax officinalis, S. medica, and other undetermined 
species of smilax. Diuretic, alterative, and popular 
as a purifier of the blood ; used in scrofula, syphilis, 
etc., and as a vehicle for potassium iodide. S., false, 
Aralia nudicaulis. S. German'ica, a plant growing 
on the sea-coasts of Europe; recommended in some 
mucous affections of the trachea, in rheumatism, 
gout, etc. S., In'dian, Hemidesmus Indicus. S., 
wild, Aralia nudicaulis. 
Sarsaparil'lin. See Smilax sarsaparilla. 
Sartaparil'la. Smilax sarsaparilla. 
Sartian (sar'shun) disease. Endemic skin dis- 
ease, commencing as a red spot on the face, proceed- 
ing to ulceration; seen especially along the Mediter- 
ranean, and synonymous with Biskra button, Oriental 
boil, Pendjeh sore, Gafsa button, Delhi sore, and 
Aleppo boil. 
Sarto'rius (sartor, tailor, because used in crossing 
the legs). Muscle situate at the anterior part of the 
thigh; long, small, and flattened, extending obliquely 
from the anterior and superior spine of the ilium to 
the superior and inner part of the tibia. This mus- 
cle can also flex the pelvis on the thigh, and con- 
versely. 
Sarx. Flesh; pulp. 
Sar'za ([S.] sarza, brier). Smilax sarsaparilla. 
Sas'sa gum. A gum the product of a tree called 
sassa, and resembling gum tragacanth. 
Sas'safras. Lauras sassafras, Nectandra cymba- 
rum (Ph. U. S.), bark of root of Sassafras officinale. 
S. infu'sion, " sassafras tea." S. medul'la (Ph. U. S.), 
pith of Sassafras officinale; see Laurus sassafras. S. 
nut, see Pichurim beans. S. oil, volatile oil of sassa- 
fras. S. pith, S. medulla. S. radi'cis cortex, see 
Laurus sassafras. S. ra'dix, see Laurus sassafras. S., 
swamp, Magnolia glauca. S. tea, saloop. 
Sas'safrin. A peculiar principle found in sassafras. 
Sas'solin. A native variety of boracic acid. 
Sas'sy bark. Poisonous bark of a large African 
tree, genus Erythrophleum, E. Guineense; ord. Fa- 
bacese; redwater tree of Sierra Leone; used in an 
ordeal to which persons suspected of crimes are sub- 
jected to test their innocence or guilt. Hence it is 
called in Conga ordeal bark, and in Ashantee and 
Liberia doom bark. The alkaloid Erythrophleine has 
been separated from it, and given in form of hydro- 
chlorate ; said to resemble digitaline in its action on 
the heart, and cocaine in producing local anaesthesia 
and relieving local pain. 
Satellite, sat'el-lite. That which guards; that 
which is placed near. S. veins are those that accom- 
pany arteries. 
Sathe, sah'the. Penis. 
Satias, sash'e-as. Satiety. 
Saties, sash'e-ees. Satiety. 
Satietas, sat-e'et-as. Satiety. 
Satiety, sat-i'et-e (satio, to give enough). Disgust 
for food; commonly caused by repletion. 
Sat'in. Lunaria rediviva. 
Saturans, sat'u-rans (saturo, to satiate). Absorbent 
medicine. See Saturation. 
Saturatio, sat-u-rah'she-o. Satiety; saturation. 
Saturation. State of a compound in which its 
elements are combined in such proportion that a 
fresh quantity of either cannot be added without 
producing excess. 
Saturei'a capitata (saturoi, satyrs, owing to its 
presumed power of exciting to venery). Ciliated sa- 
vory, Thymus. Possesses properties similar to those of SATURITAS 
thyme. S. horten'sis, aromatic plant, cultivated 
for culinary purposes; used as an excitant in ano- 
rexia, anaphrodisia, etc. S. monta'na, winter savoy. 
S. origanoi'des, Cunila mariana. S. sati'va, S. hor- 
tensis. 
Satu'ritas {saturo, to satiate). Satiety. 
Satur'ni dulce'do. Plumbi superacetas. 
Saturnine, sat'ur-nine {saturnus, lead). Saturninus. 
Eelating or appertaining to lead. S. breath, peculiar 
odor of the breath in one laboring under saturnis- 
mus. S. encephali'tis, cerebral inflammation due to 
lead-poisoning. S. neuri'tis, a form of inflammation 
of nerve-fibres consequent upon lead-poisoning. S. 
pal'sy or paral'ysis, paralysis due to lead-poisoning. 
S. poi'soning, poisoning from lead. 
Saturninus, sat-ur-ne'nus. Saturnine. 
Saturnism, sat'ur-nizm. Poisoning by lead ; lead- 
poisoning ; saturnine cachexy. 
Saturnis'mus. Saturnism. 
Satur'nus. Lead. See Plumbum. 
Satyr'ia. Elephantiasis. 
Satyriasis, sat-er-e'as-is {saturos, a satyr, be- 
cause the satyrs were greatly addicted to venery). 
Irresistible desire in man to have frequent connection 
with the female, accompanied by the power of doing 
so without exhaustion. The causes are commonly 
obscure; sometimes the abuse of aphrodisiacs has 
occasioned it. The principal symptoms are almost 
constant erection; irresistible and almost insatiable 
desire for venery; frequent nocturnal pollutions. S. 
fu'rens, satyriasis. 
Satyriasmus, sat-ir-e-az'mus. Satyriasis. 
Satyrion, sat-ir'e-on. Orchis mascula. 
Satyrismus, sat-ir-iz'mus. Satyriasis. 
Satyrium, sat-ir'e-um. Goodyera pubescens. 
Sauar'ja. Saoria. 
Sauce alone'. Alliaria. S., green, Eumex scutatus. 
Sau'cy bark. Erythrophloeum. 
Saugh, saw. Salix. 
Saun'ders, red. Pterocarpus santalinus. S. tree, 
Pterocarpus santalinus. S., yel'low, Santalum album. 
Saura, saw'rah. Lizard. 
Sauriderma, saw-rid-ur'mah {saura, lizard, derma, 
skin). Sauriosis. 
Saurioides, saw-re-o-e'dees. Sauriosis. 
Saurio'sis. Ichthyosis with altered state of the 
sebiparous secretion, giving occasion to the accumu- 
lation of sebaceous matter on the skin, suggesting the 
idea of the coat of a lizard. 
Sauroderma, saw-ro-dur'mah {saura, derma, skin). 
Sauriosis. 
Sauropsida, saw-rop'sid-ah. Huxley's term in- 
cluding reptiles, birds, and mammals. 
Saururus cernuus, saw-ru'rus sur'nu-us {saura, liz- 
ard, oura, tail). Lizard tail, Breastweed. Indigenous. 
Ord. Saururacese. It has been used in lumbago. The 
bruised root is emollient, and is popularly applied to 
inflamed breasts. 
Saus'age poi'son. See Allantotoxicum and Pto- 
maines. 
Sausaris'mus. Dry state of the tongue. 
Sauter's operation, sow'tur'sop-ur-a'shun. Kolpo- 
hysterectomy. 
Sava'kin gum. Suakin gum. 
Savanil'la ratan'hy. See Krameria ixina. 
Save. Salvia. 
Savian corpuscles, sa've-an kor'pus-s'ls. Corpus- 
cles described by Savi in the skin of the torpedo, 
analogous to the Pacinian corpuscles. 
Savine, sav'in. Juniperus sabina. This plant is 
commonly employed to induce abortion, and in large 
doses is a violent irritant poison. It is used in medi- 
cine as a local irritant and emmenagogue. S. ce'rate, 
savine ointment, made by gently heating together 
fluid extract of savine 25 parts with resin cerate 90 
parts until the alcohol has been evaporated (Ph. 
U. S.). 
Savlot'ti's canals'. Minute slits between the 
glandular cells of the pancreas, now considered as 
artificially formed. 
Sa'vor. Taste. Qualities of bodies by which they 
986 
SCABISH 
act upon the sense of taste. Chemists, at times, avail 
themselves of this quality to analyze an unknown 
substance. 
Sa'vory. An epithet given to bodies having taste, 
particularly to those exciting a very agreeable im- 
pression on the organ of taste. See Satureia. S. cil'- 
iated, Satureia capitata. S., sum'mer, Satureia hor- 
tensis. 
Savoy'an. Galium verum. 
Saw. Surgical instrument made like a common 
saw, used for sawing the bones in amputations or for 
removing exostoses, etc. Saws of different sizes and 
shapes are used in surgery. The crown of the trepan 
is nothing more than a species of circular saw. S., 
amputa'tion, saw used in amputation. S., butch'er's, 
has an appliance for fixing the blade at any desired 
angle. S., hemp, a hempen cord drawn back and 
forth rapidly over a part to be taken away; used in 
embryotomy and in situations where other saws can- 
not be employed. S., Hey's, an instrument used by 
Mr. Hey, of Leeds, in fractures of the cranium, con- 
sisting of a long handle, to which a small saw with a 
convex or straight edge is attached, and by which a 
piece of bone of any shape may be removed. With 
the trephine the saw must always be circular. S. 
palmet'to, Chamaerops serratula; Sabal serrulata. 
Saw'wort. Liatris. 
Saxifraga, saks-if 'rag-ah (saxum, stone, frango, to 
break). Pimpinella saxifraga. S. an'glica, Peuced- 
anum silaus; see Calcifraga. S. crassifo'lia, root 
is said to be antiseptic. S. granula'ta, White saxi- 
frage ; diuretic and lithontriptic. S. ligula'ta, rhi- 
zome of this Himalayan plant is employed for oph- 
thalmia and boils, and internally in bronchitis and 
dysentery. S. ru'bra, Spiraea filipendula. S. Sibir'- 
ica contains, in common with other species of S., a 
bitter crystalline principle, called bergenin, which is 
reputed to be a good nerve tonic. S. vulga'ris, Peu- 
cedanum silaus. 
Saxifrage (saks'e-frage), burnet. Pimpinella sax- 
ifraga. S., mead'ow, Peucedanum silaus. S., white, 
Saxifraga granulata. 
Saxif'ragus (saxum, stone, frango, to break). Lith- 
ontriptic. 
Saxon'icus pul'vis. A powder of the roots of the 
wild and the cultivated angelica, the Asclepias vince- 
toxicum, etc., considered formerly as an antidote. 
Sayre's jack'et. A plaster-of-Paris jacket applied 
as a spinal support. S.'s meth'od means treatment 
of spondylitis by Sayre's jacket, consisting of a plas- 
ter-of-Paris dressing around the body, fitted with a 
"jury-mast" if upper dorsal or cervical vertebrae are 
affected. 
Scab. An incrustation which forms upon a sore, 
owing to the concretion of the fluid discharged from 
it; eschar. 
Scab'by or Scabbed. Covered or diseased with 
scabs. 
Scabies, skab'e-ees (scabo, to scratch). Psora. S. 
a'gria, lichen. S. cap'itis, porrigo lupinosa, porrigo 
scutulata. S. cap'itis favo'sa, porrigo favosa. S. 
crusto'sa, radzyge. S. fe'ra, ecthyma. S. feri'na, 
Itch of animals, Mange (pronounced mainj); cutane- 
ous disease which affects almost all domestic animals, 
but especially the horse, sheep, dog, and cow. It is 
said to have been transmitted to man, but this is 
questionable; see Psoriasis. S. hu'mida, eczema. S. 
milia'ris, eczema. S. Norve'gica Boeck'ii, radzyge. 
S. papulifor'mis, prurigo. S. sic'ca, lichen ; psoriasis. 
S. vene'rea contagio'sa, scherlievo. 
Scabiola, skab-e'o-lah. Psora. 
Scabiosa, skab-e-o'sah (scaler, rough, owing to its 
rough hairy surface). Eastningwort. Bitter and sub- 
astringent, being formerly used in leprous affections 
and affections of the lungs. S. arven'sis, scabiosa. 
S. carduifo'lia, echinops. S. succi'sa, Devil's bit, has 
similar properties. 
Scabious, skab'e-us. Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
S., field, scabiosa. S., sweet, Erigeron heterophyl- 
lum. 
Scabish, skab'ish. CEnothera biennis. SCABRATE 
Scab'rate or Scab'rous (scab er). Harsh; rough; 
covered with scabs. 
Scabrities, skab-rish'e-ees (scaber, rough). Lichen ; 
trachoma. S. un'guium, morbid condition of the 
nails, in which they are distorted and separated from 
the matrix. See Onychophyma. 
Scab'wort. Elecampane ; Inula helenium. 
Scaevola, see'vo-lah. See Bela-modagam. 
Scala, skal'ah. Staircase. See Scales. Machine for- 
merly used for reducing dislocations of the humerus. 
S. ante'r lor coch'lese, see Scales. S. clau'sa, see Scales. 
S. exter'na cochleae, see Scales. S. infe'rior cochleae, 
see Scales. S. interior cochleae, see Scales. S. me'dia, 
space between basilar membrane and Reissner's mem- 
brane; see Membrane of Corti. S. posterior cochleae, 
see Scales. S. supe'rior cochleae, see Scales. S. tym'- 
pani, see Cochlea and Scales. S. vestib'uli, see Cochlea 
and Scales. 
Scalae (skal'e) of the cochlea. Spiral canals or tubes 
of the cochlea. The cavities in the cochlea, separated 
from each other by the spiral septum. The one-scala 
interna or posterior or inferior cochleae, S. tympani- 
would communicate with the cavity of the tympanum 
were it not for the membrane that closes it. The 
other-scala externa or anterior or superior cochleae, 
S. vestibuli-opens into the cavity of the vestibule. 
The scalae communicate with each other by an open- 
ing at the top of the partition. 
Scalariform (skal'ar-e-form) or Scalarifor'mis. 
Having the form of a ladder. 
Scald, skawld. Burn produced by hot liquid. 
Scald-head. Porrigo. See Favus. 
Scald'ricks. Sinapis arvensis. 
Scald-weed. Dodder; Cuscuta Americana. 
Scale. Au opaque and thickened lamina of cuticle, 
commonly produced by some degree of inflammation 
of the true skin, over which it is formed. See Scales. 
S., dry, psoriasis. 
Scalene' tu'bercle. An eminence on first rib, giv- 
ing attachment to tendon of scalenus anticus muscle. 
Scalenus, skal-a'nus (skalenus, irregular or unequal). 
Geometers employ this word to designate a triangle 
whose three sides are unequal. Anatomists have 
given the name to two muscles. S. anti'cus, sit- 
uate at the internal and inferior part of the neck. 
It is long and triangular, being inserted, below, at the 
upper surface of the first rib; above, at the anterior 
tubercle of the transverse processes of the 3d, 4th, 
5th, and 6th cervical vertebrae. This muscle bends 
the neck, drawing it to one side. It can also raise the 
first rib. S. posti'cus, situate behind the last. It 
is also long and triangular, but more bulky than the 
S. anticus. It is attached below to the outer surface 
of the first two ribs, terminating above at the summit 
of the transverse processes of the last six vertebrae. 
This muscle bends the neck laterally, and can elevate 
the first two ribs. Some anatomists have described 
five scaleni muscles on each side, and have called 
them S. prior, S. minimus, S. lateralis, S. medius, S. 
posticus. Others describe only one scalenus muscle 
on each side. Others, again, admit three-S. anticus, 
S. medius, and S. posticus; or primus, secundus, and 
tertius. 
Sca'ler. Instrument used to remove tartar from 
the teeth. 
Scales (squamee). Small, thin laminae or plates; ap- 
plied to exfoliations from skin or bone. S. of iron, 
made by washing scales of iron, etc., found about 
blacksmiths' forges, with water, separating the iron 
from impurities with a magnet, and reducing it to 
powder. 
Sca'ling. In dentistry, an operation consisting in 
removing the tartar from the teeth. 
Scali, skawl. Impetigo; scab. S., asbes'tos, see 
Eczema of the hairy scalp. S., crust'ed, impetigo. 
S., dry, psoriasis. S., hon'eycomb, porrigo favosa. 
S., hu'mid, eczema. S., milk'y, porrigo larvalis. 
S., pap'ulous, ecthyma. S., run'ning, eczema; im- 
petigo. S., vesic'ular, eczema capitis. S., wash- 
erwoman's, psoriasis. 
Scal'lard. Porrigo. 
987 
SCAPHOID 
Scalled (skawl'd) head. Porrigo; P. scutulata. 
Scal'ma. Infectious disease of horses, not directly 
contagious. It attacks the bronchi and nasal chambers. 
Scalp. The integuments covering the head. S. 
tu'mor, caput succedaneum; cephalhajmatoma. 
Scal'pel (scalpo, to cut). A cutting instrument, 
formed of a blade of well-tempered steel, very sharp, 
of variable shape and size, and fixed solidly in a 
handle. Used to divide the soft parts in operations, 
dissection, etc. 
ScalpelTum. Scalpel. S. lenticula're, a lens- 
shaped knife. 
Scalpel'lus. Bistoury; scalpel. 
Scalpeum, skal'pe-um. Bistoury. 
Scalprum, skal'prum (scalpo, to cut, to scrape). 
Raspatorium. S. chirur'gicum, lancet. S. denta'- 
rium, a tooth file, a dental file, or file used by the 
dentist. S. raso'rium, raspatorium. 
Sca'ly. Squamous. S. diseases, squamous cuta- 
neous diseases; see Squamous and Cutaneous diseases. 
S. epithe'lium, flat or pavement epithelial cells. S. 
tet'ter, psoriasis. 
Scamma, skam'mah (skamma). Fossa. 
Scammo'nia. See Convolvulus scammonia. 
Scammo'nise ra'dix (Ph. Br.). Dried root of Con- 
volvulus scammonia. See Convolvulus scammonia. S. 
resi'na, extractum scammonii. 
Scammonin, skam'mo-nin. Glucoside derived 
from boiling resin of scammony with dilute sulphuric 
acid. 
Scammonium, skam-mo'ne-um (Ph. U. S.). Res- 
inous exudation from root of Convolvulus scam- 
monia ; see Convolvulus scammonia. S. Syria'cum, Con- 
volvulus scammonia. 
Scam'mony. See Scammonium and Convolvulus 
scammonia. S., Bour'bon, concrete juice of Periploca 
Mauritiana. S., Ger'man, see Convolvulus sepium. S. 
mix'ture, mistura scammonii (Ph. Br.). S. of Mont- 
pel'lier, Cynanchum Monspeliacum. S., resin of, 
see Convolvulus scammonia. S. root, dried root of 
Convolulus scammonia. 
Scam'num Hippocrat'icum (scamnum, a bench). 
A machine invented by Hippocrates for reducing 
fractures; a sort of bed on which the patient was 
fixed. Straps were attached above and below the 
fracture or luxation, and extension and counter-ex- 
tension were effected by a winch. See Bathron. 
Scandix, skan'diks. S. cerefolium. S. bulbocas'- 
tanum, Bunium bulbocastanum. S cerefo'lium, 
Chervil; a culinary herb, slightly aromatic and grate- 
ful, and reputed to be gently aperient and diuretic. 
S. odora'ta, Sweet cicely, has similar properties; see 
Cheerophyllum odoratum. 
Scandula'ria mus'culus. Transversus pedis muscle. 
Scandyx, skan'diks (skandux). Scandix cerefo- 
lium. 
Scapha, skaf'ah (skapto, to make hollow). Scaphus. 
Excavation or cavity of the external ear, between the 
helix and anthelix. Meatus auditorius externus. 
Rima vulvse. Name of a head bandage mentioned by 
Galen, called also Tholus diocleus. 
Scaphion, skaf'e-on (skaphe, trough). Cranium; 
papa ver (capsule). 
Sca'phium ocula're. Eye-glass. A small porce- 
lain, glass, or metallic vessel used to apply lotions to 
the eye. 
Scaphocarposuperphalange'us polTicis. Abduc- 
tor pollicis brevis. 
Scaphocephalic, skaf-o-sef-al'ik (skaphe, boat, keph- 
ale, head). Having or relating to a skull that is 
scaphoid or boat-shaped. 
Scaphocephalous, skaf-o-sef'al-us (skaphe, boat, 
kephale, head). Term used to denote a boat-shaped 
cranium due to infantile ossification of the sagittal 
suture. 
Scaphoid, skaf'oid (skaphe, boat, eidos, form). 
A name given to several parts. S. abdo'men, hol- 
lowed-out, sunken belly seen in emaciation, wasting 
diseases, and certain acute affections. S. bone of 
the foot, Boat-like bone; bone situate at the fore part 
of the astragalus and inner part of the foot. The SCAPHOIDES S 
posterior surface forms a cavity somewhat like that 
of a boat, for receiving the head of the astragalus. 
There is a prominence at the inner side of the bone 
for the insertion of tendons, muscles, and strong liga- 
ments. The fore part of the bone is convex, and 
divided into three articular surfaces for articulation 
with the ossa cuneiformia. Between the os navicu- 
lare and astragalus the foot has its principal lateral 
and rotary motions, although each of the other joints 
of the tarsus contributes a little. Part of the tibialis 
posticus is inserted into it. S. bone of the wrist, 
Boat-like bone; the first bone of the first tow of 
the carpus. The upper surface is convex, articulat- 
ing with the radius. The under and outer surfaces 
are also convex, articulating with the trapezium and 
trapezoides. Between the upper and under carti- 
laginous surfaces there is a rough fossa for the inser- 
tion of the capsular ligament. The anterior and 
inner surface has an oval cavity articulating with 
the os magnum, which gives name to the bone. 
There is a process on the outer end of the bone for 
the attachment of part of the anterior transverse 
ligament of the wrist. S. fos'sa, a small cavity at 
the upper part of the internal ala of the pterygoid 
process in which the peristaphylinus internus is 
attached. 
Scaphoides, skaf-o-e'dees. Scaphoid. See Scaphoid. 
Scaphoido-astragalan, skaf-o-id'o-as-trag'al-an. Re- 
lating to the scaphoid bone and astragalus. The 
articulation of these bones is so called; and the lig- 
ament which strengthens it is termed the scaphoido- 
astragalan ligament. 
Scaphoidocu'boid. Relating to the scaphoid and 
cuboid bones. The articulation of these bones is so 
called. 
Scaphula, skaf'u-lah (dim. of Scapha). Navicu- 
lar fossa. 
Scaphus, skaf'us (skaphe, skiff, trough). External 
auditory canal; rima vulvas; scapha. 
Scapula, skap'u-lah (dim. of Scapha). Blade-bone, 
Shoulder-blade. An irregular, broad, flat bone of tri- 
angular shape, situate at the posterior part of the 
shoulder. It has-1, a posterior or dorsal surface or 
dorsum, testudo scapulae, divided transversely into 
two parts by a triangular process, called spine of the 
scapula, terminating by a considerable eminence 
called the acromion. Above the spine is the fossa 
supraspinata; below it, the F. infraspinata. 2. Ante- 
rior or costal surface or venter, forming the fossa sub- 
scapularis. 3. Superior cervical edge, thin, and ter- 
minating anteriorly by a strong, curved apophysis, 
called the coracoid process. 4. Posterior or vertebral 
edge, called the base. 5. Outer or axillary or inferior 
edge, having a thick, truncated angle, in which is the 
glenoid cavity. With this is articulated the head of 
the humerus. The glenoid cavity is separated from 
the body of the bone by a narrow part called the 
cervix or neck. The edges or margins are also called 
costae. The scapula has three angles-an inferior, su- 
perior, and anterior. Humerus. 
Scapulae nasi, skap'u-le nas'e. The lateral parts 
of the nose. 
Scapulalgia, skap-u-lal'je-ah (scapula, the shoulder- 
blade, algos, pain). Arthralgia of the scapula. Pain 
iu the shoulder-blade. 
Scapular, skap'u-lar (scapula'). Scapulary. Relating 
or belonging to the scapula. S. aponeuro'sis, a broad, 
thin aponeurosis, with decussating fibres, being at- 
tached, above, to the spine of the scapula; below, to 
crest between the teres major and infraspinatus; 
within, to the spinal edge of the scapula, uniting at its 
middle with the thin aponeurosis covering part of the 
external surface of the deltoid. S. arch, haemal arch 
of occipital vertebra (Owen), consisting in man of the 
scapula and coracoid. S. ar'terles, these are several: 
1. The superior scapular, superficial scapular of Sbm- 
mering. This arises from the subclavian, and often 
from the inferior thyroid, or from a trunk common to 
it and the posterior scapular or transverse scapular or 
cervical. It passes behind the clavicle, above the su- 
perior edge of the scapula, and buries itself between 
988 
SCARLATINA 
the dorsal surface of that bone and the muscles in- 
serted into it. 2. The inferior scapular or common 
scapular or internal scapular or subscapular artery is 
of considerable size. It arises from the inferior part 
of the axillary artery, behiud the brachial plexus, 
gives off several branches to the arm-pit, dividing into 
two branches: the one, scapularis interna, the smaller 
of the two, is distributed almost entirely to the serra- 
tus major anticus and latissimus dorsi; the other, the 
larger, which distributes its branches to the subscapu- 
lar, supraspinal, and infraspinal regions. See Acro- 
mial artery. S. line, line drawn vertically through the 
inferior angle of the scapula when the arms are folded. 
Used in physical examination. S. notch, see Notch, 
scapular. S. re'flex, contraction of scapulary muscles 
on sticking or pinching the skin of the outer scapular 
region. S. re'gion, that portion of the back bounded 
by the scapulee. S. veins follow the same course as 
the arteries which they accompany. 
Scapulare, skap-u-lah're. Scapulary. 
Scapulary, skap'u-lah-re. A broad linen bandage, 
divided into two tails for three-quarters of its length, 
the undivided extremity being attached to the pos- 
terior and middle part of a bandage carried round 
the body, the tails passing over the shoulders and 
being attached to the anterior part of the body-band- 
age to prevent it from slipping down. 
Scap'ulo. In composition, the scapula. 
Scapuloclavicula'ris. Rare band of muscular 
fibres attached to the upper border of the scapula 
and clavicle outside of the insertion of the subclavius. 
Scapnlocor'acoid arch. The scapular arch. 
Scapulocosta'lis mi'nor. Sternoscapular muscle. 
Scapulodynia, skap-u-lo-din'e-ah (scapula, odune, 
pain). Pain or rheumatism of the shoulder. 
Scapulohumeral, .skap-u-lo-u'mer-al. Relating to 
the scapula and humerus. An epithet given to the 
shoulder-joint. It is an orbicular articulation re- 
sulting from the reception of the head of the humerus 
into the glenoid cavity of the scapula. To keep the 
bones in connection there are-1. A very strong, 
conoidal capsular ligament, passing from the circum- 
ference of the glenoid cavity around the neck of the 
humerus; 2. A fibrocartilaginous ring, called the 
glenoid ligament, and a synovial capsule. 
Scapulohumera'lis digas'tricus. Deltoideus ac- 
cessorius. 
Scapulum, skap'u-lum. Scapula. 
Scapus, skap'us (skapos, shaft, stalk). Penis. See 
Hair. 
Scar (eschar a). Seam. Cicatrix. To mark with a 
cicatrix or seam. 
Scarabaeolus hemisphsericus, skar-ab-e'o-lus hem- 
is-fer'ik-us (dim. of Scarabaeus). Coccus cacti. 
Scardamygmus, skar-dam-ig'mus (skardamuso, to 
wink). Winking; closure of the eyelids. 
Scarenzio's treat'ment. Administration of calo- 
mel hypodermically for syphilis. 
Scarf'-skin. Epidermis. 
Scarification, skar-if-i-ka'shun (scarifico, to make a 
light scratch). Act of scarifying. A small incision 
made into the skin with a lancet, bistoury, or scarifi- 
cator for therapeutical purposes, as to draw blood or 
to discharge some effused fluid; sometimes the scari- 
fications are very superficial, and do not go farther 
than the skin. 
Scar'ificator. Instrument for making scarifica- 
tions ; it consists of a small brass box of a cubical 
shape, in which 10 or 12 lancet-points turn upon a 
common pivot. By means of a spring all these blades 
can be made to issue at once, making as many scari- 
fications. Other instruments, much more simple in 
construction, are so called, intended for the scarifica- 
tion of the conjunctiva, the larynx, etc. 
Scarificato'rium. Scarificator. 
Scariola, skar-e'o-lah. Cichorium endivia; Lactuca 
scariola. 
Scarlata, skar-lat'ah. Scarlatina. 
Scarlatina, scar-lat-een'ah. Scarlet fever, Rash fe- 
ver, Scarlet rash. The characteristic symptoms of 
scarlatina are a scarlet flush, appearing about the SCARLATI N I FORM 
second day of fever, on the face, neck, and fauces, 
and progressively spreading over the body, terminat- 
ing about the seventh day. Two great varieties may 
be reckoned: S. simplex or febris or benigna or sine 
angind, in which the fever is moderate, terminating 
with efflorescence, prostration of strength being 
trifling; and the S. anginosa or paristhmitica or cynan- 
chica, Fothergill's sore throat, in which the fever is 
severe, the throat ulcerated, the eruption later in its 
appearance and less extensive, often changing to a 
livid hue. Scarlatina maligna or gravior has been 
reckoned a variety of this in its worst form. Scar- 
latina belongs to the major exanthemata, being a 
disease chiefly of children. The eruption differs 
from that of measles in being an efflorescence not 
raised above the cuticle. Measles, too, is attended 
with catarrhal symptoms, while the complication in 
scarlatina is cynanche or sore throat. The disease is 
generally regarded as eminently contagious. To the 
zymotic principle the name Scarlatinin has been given. 
Anasarca sometimes supervenes on scarlatina and re- 
quires attention. See Eruptive diseases (table). S. an- 
gino'sa, see Scarlatina. S. cynan'chia, see Scarlatina. 
S. feb'ris, see Scarlatina. S. gra'vior, see Scarlatina. 
S. malig'na, a commonly fatal variety, attended by 
rapid exhaustion and grave nervous symptoms. S. 
milia'ris, miliary erythema or measles; rubeola. S. 
mit'ior, see Scarlatina. S. morbillo'sa, rubella. S. 
nervo'sa, type attended by grave nervous symptoms, 
as coma, subsultus, delirium, convulsions, etc. S. 
paristhmit'ica, see Scarlatina. S. petechia'lis, S. 
nervosa. S. pustulo'sa, rubeola. S. pu'trida, ma- 
lignant scarlet fever. S. rheumat'ica, dengue. S. 
si'ne angi'na, see Scarlatina. S. urtica'ta, urticaria. 
Scarlatin'iform. Term applied to any affection 
resembling scarlet fever or its specific eruption. 
ScarTatinin. See Scarlatina. 
Scarlatinoid, skar'lat-in-oid (scarlatina, eidos, re- 
semblance) Resembling scarlatina. 
Scarlatinous, skar-lat-e'nus. Relating or apper- 
taining to scarlatina ; scarlatinal. 
Scar'let ber'ry. Solanum dulcamara. S. fe'ver, 
scarlatina. S. pim'pernel, a plant, Anagallis arvensis, 
stimulant, expectorant, and toxic. S. rash, scarlet 
fever; also diffuse scarlet eruption seen in some cases 
of septicaemia. S. straw'berry, Fragaria Virginiana. 
Scar'pa. Celebrated Italian anatomist and sur- 
geon. S.'s fas'cia, deep layer of superficial fascia of 
the groin. S.'s foram'ina, two of the four smaller 
foramina into which the anterior palatine foramen of 
the superior maxillary bone is divided, the others 
being called the foramina of Stenton. S.'s gan'glia, 
intumescentia ganglioformis. S.'s shoe, see Shoe, 
Scarpa's. S.'s tri'angle, see Triangle. 
Scarred. See Scar. 
Scatacra'sia (sfcor, excrement, a, priv., krasis, mix- 
ture). Scoracratia. 
Scatacratia, scat-ah-krat-e'ah (skor, excrement, 
akrateia, want of power). See Scoracratia. 
Scatophagia, skat-o-faj'e-ah (skatos, excrement, 
phago, to eat). Excrement-eating. 
Scavenging. The cleansing of alleys, etc. from 
filthy material. 
Scelalgia, skel-al'je-ah (skelos, leg, algos, pain). Pain 
in the leg. S. anti'ca, neuralgia femoropretibialis. 
S. posti'ca, neuralgia femoropoplitea. S. puerpera'- 
rum, phlegmatia dolens. 
Sceleteuma, skel-e-tu'mah. Mummy. 
Sceleteu'sis (sfceZeteiw, to desiccate, to pickle). 
Mummification. The mode of making a skeleton; 
Skeletopoeia, Syntaxis. 
Sceletography, skel-et-og'raf-e. Skeletography. 
Sceletologia, skel-et-o-loj'e-ah. Skeletologia. 
Scel'eton. Skeleton. 
Sceletopoea, skel-et-o-pe'ah. Sceleteusis; skeleto- 
pceia. 
Scel'etum. Skeleton. S. artificia'le, see Skeleton. 
S. natura'le, see Skeleton. 
Scelocambosis, ske-lo-kam-bo'sis (schelos, kampto). 
Curvature of the legs. 
Scelodes'mus (desmas'). Bandage for knee-joint. 
989 
SCHIFF'S TEST 
Scelodid/ymus. Ischiopagus. 
Sceloncus, skel-on'kus (scelos, onkos, tumor). A tu- 
mor of the leg. Phlegmatia dolens. 
Scelorrheu'ma (scelos, rheuma, defluxion, rheuma- 
tism). Rheumatism of the leg. 
Sce'los (skeins'). Leg. 
Sceloscambosis, skel-o-skam-bo'sis (scelos, kampto, 
to bend). See Rhsebosis. 
Scelotyrbe, skel-o-tur'be (scelos, turbe, tumult). 
Chorea; Porphyra nautica. S. ag'itans, dystaxia. S. 
febri'lis, see Subsulhis t&ndinum. S. fes'tinans, paral- 
ysis agitans. S. tarantis'mus, chorea. 
Scenomeninx, sken-o-men'inks (skenos, hut, meninx, 
membrane). See Cell. 
Scenotheoria, sken-o-the-o're-ah (skenos, hut, theo- 
ria, theory). Cell doctrine. 
Sceparnos, skep-ar'nos (skeparnon, an axe). An- 
cient bandage, in shape like an axe or hatchet. 
Sceparnum, skep-ar'num. Amnion. 
Scepasterium, skep-as-ta're-um (skepazo, to protect). 
Scepastrum. 
Scepas'trum. Bandage applied to the head for 
retaining dressings, etc. 
Scep'trum (skeptron). Penis. 
Schach'er's gan'glion. Ophthalmic ganglion. 
Schasis, skah'sis. Scarification. 
Schasmus, skaz'mus. Scarification. 
Schasterion, skas-ta're-on. Fleam; lancet; scari- 
ficator. 
Sche'ba Ar'abum. Artemisia santonica. 
Schedula, sked'u-lah (dim. of Scheda, a leaf of 
paper). Prescription. 
Scheele's green. Arsenite of copper. 
Schei'ner's experiment. An experiment to show 
refraction of the lens during accommodation. Two 
pin-holes are made in a card, the distance between 
them being somewhat less than the diameter of the 
pupil, and the patient is directed to look through 
them at two needles placed one behind the other, 
when it will be observed that the needle not directly 
in the line of vision appears double. 
Schema, ska'mah. Plan, scheme, diagram, or ar- 
rangement. 
Schematic (ske-mat'ik) eye. One exhibiting typi- 
cal proportions of the eye. 
Scherbet, shur'bet. Sherbet. A drink prepared by 
the Turks, Persians, Egyptians, etc., with sugar and 
the juice of acid fruits. 
Scherlievo, sher-li-e'vo. Venereal itch. A name 
given to a particular form of syphilis at one time 
observed in Illyria; said to be capable of being com- 
municated without immediate contact. Its principal 
symptoms were pains in the bones, ulceration of the 
fauces, pustules and fungous growths in different 
parts of the body. Affections known by this name, 
as well as by those of Male di Breno, Falcadina, Boala, 
and Frenga, have prevailed in the frontier countries 
of the Austrian empire, and were generally regarded 
as contagious, of syphilitic origin, and as having been 
introduced from a surrounding country. The terms 
appear, however, in the course of time to have been 
applied to a variety of ulcers, eruptions, and other 
morbid conditions in no way connected w'ith syphilis, 
so that they lost their former signification. 
Scheroma, sker-o'mah (scheros, a shore, dry land). 
A dryness of the eye from the want of lacrymal 
secretion. 
Scheurlen's bacillus. Form of bacillus supposed 
to be definitely connected with cancer, although prob- 
ably not found exclusively in this affection. 
Schias, ske'as. Ischias ; neuralgia femoropoplitea. 
Schiaticus, ske-at'ik-us. Sciatic. 
Schidakedon, skid-ak-e'don (schizo, to cleave). A 
longitudinal fracture of a bone. 
Schiff's test. A test for uric acid, based upon the 
fact that uric acid or a urate, in the presence of an 
alkaline carbonate, will reduce silver nitrate; the 
test being performed by saturating bibulous paper 
with a solution of silver nitrate and dropping it upon 
the suspected solution prepared according to the 
above conditions. SCHIN DACEDUM 
Schindacedum, skin-das-a'dum. Longitudinal frac- 
ture of a bone. 
Schindalamus, skin-dal'am-us. Longitudinal frac- 
ture of a bone; schindylesis. 
Schindalesis, skin-dal-a'sis. Schindylesis. 
Schindalmus, skin-dal'mus. Schidakedon ; schin- 
dylesis. 
Schindylesis, skin-dil-a'sis (schinduleo, to split into 
small pieces). An articulation of bones-by furrow- 
ing, as it were-as in that of the vomer, forming, in 
part, the septum narium. The act of splitting into 
small pieces. 
Schinelseon, skin-el-e'on (schinos, mastic tree, elaion, 
oil). Oil of mastic. 
Schinocephalus, skin-o-sef'al-us (schinos, squill, 
kephale, head). Scillocephalus. 
Schinus, ske'nus. Pistacia lentiscus; scilla. S. 
arveira, Arveira. A tree of Brazil; bark is slightly 
aromatic and resinous, and markedly astringent. 
The resinous juice of Schinus molle is slightly pur- 
gative. 
Schisma, shiz'mah. Fissure; rima. 
Schistocephalus, shis-to-sef'al-us (schistos, cleft, 
kephale, head). Monster having some part of the 
head cleft or fissured. 
Schistocoelia, shis-to-se'le-ah (schistos, cleft, choilia, 
intestines). Fissure of the abdomen. 
Schistocormus, shis-to-cor'mus (schistos, cleft, 
kormos, trunk). Monster having part or the whole 
of the trunk cleft or fissured. 
Schistoglossia, shis-to-glos'se-ah. Slit or fissure of 
the tongue. 
Schistomelus, shis-tom'el-us (shistos, cleft, melos, 
limb). Monster whose limbs are fissured. 
Schistoprosopia, shis-to-pros-o'pe-ah. Fissure of 
the face from defective development. 
Schistoprosopus, shis-to-pros-o'pus. Monstrosity 
having a fissure of the face. 
Schlstorrhachis, shis-tor'rhak-is (schistos, cleft, 
rhachis, spine). Fissure of the spine from defective 
development. Spina bifida. See Hydrorrhachis. 
Schistosomus, shis-to-so'mus (schistos, cleft, soma, 
body). Malformation of the abdomen, in which the 
fissure and eventration extend over the entire length 
of the abdomen, the lower extremities being absent 
or very little developed, so that the body appears as 
if truncated inferiorly. See Chloasma. 
Schistotho'rax (schistos, cleft, thorax). Condition 
in which part or the whole of the thorax is cleft or 
fissured. 
Schistotrachelus, shis-to-trak-e'lus (schistos, cleft, 
trachelos,xieck.). Fissure of the neck. 
Schiza, shiz'ah. Rima or cleft. S. vul'vae, opening 
of the vulva. 
Schizatrichia, shiz-at-rik'e-ah (schizo, to split, thrix, 
a hair). Splitting of the hairs at their extremities. 
Shizo (shizo, to split). In composition, split or cleft. 
Schizocele, shiz-o-se'le (Eng. shiz'o-seel). Fissure 
of the blastoderm from which the pleuroperitoneal 
cavity develops. 
Schizomycetes, shiz-o-mis-a'tees. General term to 
include such micro-organisms as micrococci, bacilli, 
and spirilli: unicellular, reproducing by division and 
spore-formation. 
Schizomycosis, shiz-o-mik-o'sis. Term applied to 
the development of schizomycetes within the body. 
Schizophyta, shiz-of'it-ah (schizo, phut on, plant). 
Dried schizomycetes or microbes after evaporation of 
the fluid in which they exist, but still so viable that 
if borne through the atmosphere to a congenial soil 
they may again actively develop. 
Schizothorax, shiz-o-tho'raks. Schistothorax. 
Schizotrichia, shiz-o-trik'e-ah. Schizatrichea. 
Schlemm, canal' of. See Canal of Schlemm. 
Schlippe's salt. JftteSb.Si-f-9H2O. Crystalline 
salt, sodium thioantimoniate. 
Schnapps, Schiedam'. See Gin. 
Schneiderian (shni-de're-an) mem'brane. Pituitary 
membrane. 
Schoenanthus, ske-nan'thus (schoinos, the common 
rush, anthos, flower). Juncus odoratus. 
990 
SCIATIC 
Schoenlein's disease. Peliosis rheumatica. 
Schola, sko'lah. School, as of medicine. 
Schollera oxycoccos, skol-la'rah oks-e-kok'kus. 
Vaccinium oxycoccus. 
Schonlein's disease. Peliosis rheumatica. 
School-made chore'a. Chorea induced by exces- 
sive educational strain at school. Other diseases, es- 
pecially those of the nervous system, may have a 
similar origin. 
Schousbce'a coccin'ea (after P. K. A. Schousbe, a 
Danish botanist). Cacoucia coccinea. 
Schre'ger's lines. Curvilinear markings in den- 
tine of teeth. 
Schubertia disticha, shu-bur'te-ah dis'tik-ah (after 
G. H. von Schubert, Professor of Natural History at 
Munich). Taxodium distichum. 
Schultze's gran'ule mass'es. Granular gray-white 
masses in the blood, consisting of blood-plaques. 
Schwann, sheath of. Neurilemma. S., white 
sub'stance of, see Substance, white. 
Schwein'furth's green. Arsenite of copper. 
Sciascopia, se-as-kop'e-ah. Skiascopy. Mode of 
determining refraction of the eye by observation of 
the rapidity of movement and direction of the re- 
flected images of a flame from the refracting media 
of the eye. 
Sciatic, si-at'ic (ischion, haunch). Formed by con- 
traction from ischiatic, which latter is still used. See 
Ischiatic. Used substantively for sciatica. S. ar'- 
tery, branch of internal iliac, traversing great sacro- 
sciatic foramen to supply posterior pelvic muscles. S. 
foram'ina, formed by sacrosciatic ligaments and sci- 
atic notches. I. The great or superior sciatic foramen 
is formed in front by great sciatic notch, behind by 
great sacrosciatic ligament, below by lesser sacro- 
sciatic ligament. Through it passes the pyriformis 
muscle with the gluteal, sciatic, and pudic vessels 
and nerves. II. The lesser or inferior sciatic foramen 
is formed in front by lesser sciatic notch, behind by 
great sciatic ligament, and above by the lesser sacro- 
sciatic ligament. S. nerve, great, Great femoropop- 
liteal nerve; ought to be esteemed a continuation of 
the sacral plexus; issuing from the pelvis, between 
the pyramidalis and superior gemellus, descending 
along the posterior part of the thigh, and, after 
having given branches to the gemini, quadratus, 
obturator externus, gluteus maximus, semimembra- 
nosus, semitendinosus, biceps, and third abductor 
muscles, dividing about the inferior third of the 
thigh into two branches, the external and internal 
popliteal. S. nerve, les'ser, inferior gluteal branch 
of the sacral plexus, lesser femoropopliteal nerve, 
which seems especially formed by the second and 
third sacral, is given off from the lower part of the 
plexus, escaping from the pelvis beneath the pyram- 
idalis muscle. It gives branches, nervi cutanei 
clunium inferiores, to the gluteus maximus, a sci- 
atic branch or infrapelvic cutaneous or perineal cuta- 
neous, which passes under the tuberosity of the 
ischium, and furnishes filaments to the gluteus 
maximus and to the muscles of the perineum, 
urethra, penis, scrotum, etc., and a posterior femoral 
cutaneous branch, middle posterior cutaneous nerve, 
the filaments of which traverse the femoral aponeu- 
rosis, to be distributed on the skin of the posterior 
part of the thigh. The principal branch of the lesser 
sciatic nerve divides near the ham into two or three 
filaments, which descend under the integuments al- 
most as far as the inferior part of the leg. S. notch, 
great, sciatic foramen, is a large notch at the poste- 
rior edge of each os innominatum, below the posterior 
and inferior iliac spine, which is converted into a 
foramen by the sacrum and sacrosciatic ligaments. 
The Lesser sciatic notch is much smaller than the last, 
being separated from it by the sciatic spine. It gives 
passage to the tendon of the obturator internus and 
the internal pudic vessels and nerves. S. re'gion, 
ischiadic region. S. spine, Spine of the ischium, Spi- 
nous process of the ischium, is a short, flat, pyramidal 
eminence on the os innominatum above the preced- 
ing foramen, giving insertion to the lesser sacrosci- SCIATICA 
a tic ligament. S. veins accompany arteries of same 
name, emptying into internal iliac vein. 
Sciatica, si-at'ik-ah. Neuralgia femoropoplitea; 
neuralgia of the sciatic nerve. 
Science, si'ence. Systematized knowledge. 
Scientia (se-en'she-ah) hermet'ica. Hermetic sci- 
ence; alchemy. S. meden'di, medicina. S.med'ica, 
medicina. 
Scientific. Pertaining or relating to science. 
Scieropia, si-er-o'pe-ah {skieros, shady, ops, eye). 
Effect of vision in which all objects have a darker 
hue than natural. 
Scilia, sil'lah. Squill or Sea onion, Eye of Typhon; 
ord. Liliaceee. Native of Spain, Austria, etc. The 
sliced bulb of the squill, Urginea scilla, Scilla (Ph. 
U. S. and Br.), has a bitter, nauseous taste, and is 
extremely acrid, inflaming the skin when rubbed on 
it. Its virtues are extracted by vinegar, spirit, and 
water. In large doses squill is emetic and purgative; 
in small doses, diuretic and expectorant. Its active 
principle has been called scillitin. S. esculen'ta, 
Eastern quamosh, Wild hyacinth; an article of diet, 
being made into bread, and into poultices for inflamed 
breasts. 
Scillain, sil'la-in. Glucoside from bulb of the 
squill. Yellowish or colorless powder; diuretic and 
poisonous. Dose, grain. 
Scil'lin. A principle derived from scilla. 
Scillipicrin, sil-le-pi'krin. Principle from bulb 
of squill; light-yellowish soluble powder; diuretic. 
Dose, grain. 
Semitic, sil-lit'ik {scilla). Containing squill. 
Scillitin, sil'lit-in. See Scilla. 
Scillitoxin, sil-le-toks'in. Poisonous amorphous 
principle discovered in squill. 
Scillocephalus, sil-lo-sef 'al-us {scilla, squill, kephale, 
head). One having a large bulbiform head. 
Scincus, sin'kus. Species of Saurus or Lacerta, 
common in Egypt; much extolled by the ancients 
as alexipharmic and aphrodisiac. 
Sclnde boil. Eain boil. Form of furunculus met 
with in the rainy season in all parts of India. 
Scintilla (sin-til'lah) Ven'eris {scintilla, spark). Lit- 
erally, a spark or relic of Venus. Impotence and 
loss of power in the limbs produced by syphilis. 
Scintillation, sin-til-la'shun. A bright succession 
of sparks; in medicine, applied to subjective sensa- 
tion of sparks before the eyes. 
Sciomachy, si-om'ak-e {skia, shade, mache, fight). 
A gymnastic exercise with the ancients, consisting in 
a mock encounter at boxing and jumping with one's 
own shadow. 
Scirhus, skir'hus. Scirrhus. 
Scirpus (skur'pus) {scirpus, rush) palus'tris. Eleo- 
charis palustris. 
Sclrrhoblepharoncus, skir-rho-blef-ar-on'kus {scir- 
rhus, blepharon, eyelid, onkos, swelling). See Scle- 
riasis. 
Scirrhocele, skir-rho-se'le (Eng. skir'rho-seel) {scir- 
rhus, kele, rupture). Orchocele scirrhosa. 
Scirrhodes, skir-rho'dees {scirrhus, odes). Scirrhous. 
Scirrhogastria, skir-rho-gas'tre-ah {scirrhus, gaster, 
stomach). Scirrhus of the stomach. 
Scirrhoid, skir'rhoid {scirrhus, eidos, resemblance). 
Eesembling scirrhus. 
Scirrhoma, skir-rho'mah. Scirrhus. S. camina- 
rio'rum, chimney-sweeper's cancer; scrotal epithe- 
lioma. 
Scirrhophthalmia, skir-rhof-thal'me-ah (scirrhus, 
ophthalmos, eye). Cancer of the eye. S. palpebra'- 
rum, see Scleriasis. 
Scirrhosarca (skir-rho-sar'kah) neonato'rum (scir- 
rhus, sarx, flesh, neonatus, new-born). Induration of 
the cellular tissue of infants. 
Scirrhosis, skir-rho'sis. Scirrhus. A livid excres- 
cence caused by inflammation. 
Scirrhous, skir'rhus (scirrhus). Of or belonging to 
scirrhus. S. sarco'ma of Ab'ernethy, hard, rigid, 
vascular infarction of glandular follicles; indolent, 
insentient, glabrous; sometimes shrinking and be- 
coming more indurated. 
991 
SCLERODACTYLE 
Scirrhus, skir'rhus (skirrhos, hard, indurated). Car- 
cinomatous sarcoma, Hard or Fibrous cancer, Scirrhous 
cancer. A disease, so called from the hardness cha- 
racterizing it. It is a state of induration of a peculiar 
kind, affecting glandular structures generally, but 
capable of occurring elsewhere. Scirrhus must not 
be confounded with the induration which succeeds 
inflammation, although the two states are often com- 
plicated, and may stand, occasionally, in the relation 
of cause and effect to each other. Scirrhus is ordi- 
narily accompanied by violent shooting pains. It is 
irregular on its surface, and when cut into has a 
bluish or grayish-white color. See Cancer and En- 
cephaloid. S. et carcino'ma ventric'uli, narrowness 
of the orifices of the stomach from cancer. S., cuirass'- 
like, chronic form of scirrhus, in which a cancerous 
mass surrounds the chest, giving an appearance like 
that indicated by its name. S. he'patis, scirrhus 
of the liver. S. intestino'rum, cancerous condition 
of the intestines. S. palpebra'rum, see Scleriasis. 
S. testic'uli, sarcocele. S. u'teri, metroscirrhus. S. 
ventric'uli, scirrhus of the stomach. 
Scission, siz'zhun (scindo, scissum, to cut). The 
cutting or dividing of any substance. 
Scissors, siz'zors (scindo, scissum, to cut). A well- 
known instrument in common use; often employed 
in surgery ; composed of two cutting blades crossing 
each other and moving upon an axis. They are 
straight or curved. Sometimes the curve is on the 
flat side; at others, on the edges. Scissors bent so 
that the blades make an obtuse angle with the han- 
dles are also much used. Scissors are used for dividing 
soft, loose, isolated parts which it would be difficult 
to reach and to cut with a bistoury. They are em- 
ployed, likewise, in the operation for hare-lip, and for 
removing warts, fungous excrescences, etc. S., Smel'- 
lie's, see Perforator. 
Scissura, sis-su'rah (scindo, scissum, to split). Fis- 
sure; cleavage. S. au'ris, incisura auris. S. vul'vaj, 
opening of the vulva. 
Scissurse, sis-su're. Rhagades. 
Scitta, sit'tah. See Dysentery. 
Sclarea, sklar'e-ah. Salvia sclarea. 
Sclera, skla'rah. Sclerotica. S. tes'tis, tunica al- 
buginea testis. 
Scle'ral extraction. Graefe's method of extract- 
ing cataract by means of an almost linear incision, 
having its base in the sclera, combined with an iri- 
dectomy. 
Sclerectasia, skler-ek-taz'e-ah (scleros, ektasis, dila- 
tation). Staphyloma of the sclerotic. S., posterior, 
staphyloma, posterior. 
Sclerectomy, skler-ek'to-me (sclera, ektome, ex- 
cision). Excision of the sclerotic. 
Sclerema, skler-a'mah (scleros). Induration of the 
cellular tissue. S. adulto'rum, scleroderma. S. 
atroph'icum, see Induration of the cellular tissue. S. 
eleva'tum, see Induration of the cellular tissue. S. 
neonato'rum, oedema, induration, discoloration, and 
coldness of skin, occurring soon after birth, and com- 
mencing commonly in the lower extremities. 
Scleremia, skler-a'me-ah. Induration of the cel- 
lular tissue. 
Scleremus, skler-a'mus. Induration of the cellular 
tissue. 
Sclerencephalia, skler-en-sef-al'e-ah (scleros, en- 
kephalos, brain). Sclerosis of the brain; cerebral 
sclerosis. Morbid condition of the brain charac- 
terized by induration and atrophy of the cerebral 
tissue. 
Scleria, skla're-ah. Scleriasis. 
Scleriasis, skla-re'as-is (skleriasis). Any kind of 
hardness or induration. See Scleroderma and Scirrhus. 
Scleritis, skler-e'tis. Sclerotitis. 
Sclerocataracta, skler-o-cat-ar-ak'tah. See Cat- 
aract. 
Sclerochorioiditis (skler-o-ko-re-oid-e'tis) or Sclero- 
choroiditis, skler-o-ko-roid-e'tis (sclerosis, choroidea). 
Inflammation of the sclerotic and choroid tunics of 
the eye. S., poste'rior, see Staphyloma, posterior. 
Sclerodac'tyle (scleros, daktulos, finger). A condi- SCLERODERMA 
tion of dystrophy in which the fingers become de- 
formed, shortened, and atrophied, the skin thickened 
and discolored. 
Scleroder'ma (scleros, derma, skin). Hide-bound 
disease. Induration of the derma proper or corium. 
Induration of the cellular tissue. S. adulto'rum, see 
Induration of the cellular tissue. S. circumscrip'tum, 
morphoea; local scleroderma. S. diffu'sa, that in- 
volving the skin symmetrically. S. neonato'rum, 
sclerema neonatorum. 
Sclero'des (scleros, odes). Sclerotic. 
Sclerogenous, skler-oj'en-us (scleros, gennao, to 
beget). Hardening; becoming sclerotic. 
Scleroiritis, skla-ro-ir-e'tis. Inflammation of the 
sclerotic and iris. 
Scleroma, skler-o'mah (scleros). Induration of the 
areolar tissue; scleriasis. S. neonato'rum, inflam- 
matory induration of the new-born. 
Scleromeninx, skler-o-men'inks (scleros, meninx, 
membrane). Dura mater. 
Scleromu'cin. A principle derived from ergot. 
Scleronyxis, skler-o-niks'is. Scleroticonyxis. 
Scleropathi'a (scleros, pathos). Scleroma. 
Sclerophthalmia, skler-of-thal'me-ah. Hordeolum; 
schirrophthalmia. 
Scle'ros. Hard. In composition, the sclerotica. 
Sclerosarcoma, skler-o-sar-co'mah (scleros, saricoma, 
fleshy tumor). Hard, fleshy tumor seated on the 
gums, and resembling a cock's comb. 
Sclero'sing. Term applied to process of sclerotic 
degeneration. 
Sclerosis, (skle-ro'sis scleros). See Induration of the 
areolar tissue and Scleriasis. Thickening with con- 
densation. S., amyotroph'ic lat'eral, degeneration 
of entire pyramidal tract of spinal cord, with atrophy 
of various nerve-centres in the medulla, large masses 
of muscles being atrophied; see Amyotrophic. S., 
an'nular, seen as ring-like band around the spinal 
cord in certain cases. S., an'tero-lat'eral, disease 
due to sclerosis of lateral columns characterized by 
loss of power, augmented reflexes, and spasm of mus- 
cles. S. of bone, Condensing ostitis, Diffuse hypertrophy 
of bone. A result of ostitis, characterized by the filling 
of the medullary cavity with a compact osseous struc- 
ture and the formation of bone on the surface. S. of 
the brain, morbid condition of the brain character- 
ized by induration and atrophy of the cerebral tissue. 
S. co'rii or der'matos, induration of the derma 
proper or corium. S., diffuse', S. when large tracts 
of brain or cord are involved. S., dissem'inated or 
in'sular, chronic affection of the spinal cord and 
brain caused by the dissemination of isolated patches 
of the disease throughout the nervous system. S., 
lat'eral, S., antero-lateral. S. of the liver, see Hepa- 
titis, chronic. S., lo'bar, S. involving a single lobe of 
the brain; hemiplegia of infants. S., mil'iary, S. in 
which there are grayish-red spots at the junction of 
the white and gray matters of the spinal cord. S., 
mul'tiple, S., disseminated. S. os'sium, sclerosis of 
bone. S., poste'rior spi'nal, see Sclerosis, spinal. S., 
posterolat'eral, see Sclerosis, spinal. S., pri'mary 
lat'eral, primary spastic paraplegia, a form of 
spinal sclerosis. S., re'nal, chronic interstitial neph- 
ritis; see Kidney, Bright's disease of the. S., spi'nal, 
two forms of this affection have been referred to: 
sclerosis of the anterolateral columns of the spinal 
cord; and sclerosis of the posterior columns, gener- 
ally described as locomotor ataxia. The former is es- 
sentially a hypertrophied condition of the connective 
tissue, with atrophy of nerve-substance. See Atrophy, 
progressive muscular. S. of the stom'ach, Gastric cir- 
rhosis, Fibroid infiltration of the stomach; a condition 
elsewhere described under the name of Plastic linitis. 
S. te'lae cellula'ris et adipo'sse, induration of the 
derma and subcutaneous tissues. S., tu'berous, hy- 
pertrophic form of S., in which there is enlargement 
and increased density of the areas of the convolutions 
involved. 
Scleroskel'eton. Term used to denote bones de- 
veloped in ligaments, tendons, or aponeuroses. 
Sclerostenosis cutanea, skler-o-sten-o'sis ku-tan'- 
992 
SCLERYMEN 
e-ah (scleros, stenos, contracted). Induration of the 
areolar tissue. 
Scleros'toma. duodena'le. Form of entozoon met 
with in Egypt and Northern Italy, giving rise, by its 
presence in the duodenum and jejunum, to serious 
anaemia, Egyptian chlorosis, with bloody evacuations 
from the bowels. See Parasites and JFonns. S. syn'- 
gamus, syngamus trachealis. 
Sclerosus, skler-o'sus (scleros). Hard. 
Sclerotal, skler-o'tal. Name given by Owen to the 
material forming the sclerotic coat of the eye. In 
certain vertebrates it is cartilaginous or osseous. 
Sclerothrix, skier' o-thriks. Name applied by 
Metschnikoff to the tubercle bacillus. 
Sclerotic, skler-ot'ik (scleros). A hard, resisting, 
opaque membrane, of pearly-white color and fibrous 
nature, covering nearly four-fifths of the globe of the 
eye; in form of a sphere truncated in front. It is 
strengthened by the expansion of the ocular muscles, 
to which expansion many anatomists have given the 
name tunica albuginea or tendinosa. The subcon- 
junctival sclerotic forms the white of the eye. The 
sclerotic is penetrated posteriorly by a round open- 
ing for the passage of the optic nerve; and, ante- 
riorly, it has a much larger opening into wrhich the 
transparent cornea is received. There are, besides, 
many small oblong apertures in it for the passage of 
nerves and vessels proceeding to the interior of the 
eye. Its inner surface is of a light-brown color, 
owing to a delicate areolar tissue containing brown 
pigment-cells, and hence called membrana or lamina 
fusca. In the fcetus the sclerotic may be separated 
into very distinct laminae. S. acid, sclerotinic acid. 
S., staphylo'ma of, see Staphyloma. S. zone, Arthritic 
ring ; vessels.given off from a ring of anastomosis of 
deep,conjunctival vessels around the circumference of 
the cornea, perforating the sclerotic, anastomosing 
with those of the iris and choroid-a condition seen 
in many cases of iritis. 
Sclerot'ica. Sclerotic. S. ceratoi'des, cornea. 
Sclerot'ical. Eelating or appertaining to the scler- 
otic. 
Sclerotlcectomia, skler-ot-ik-ek-tom'e-ah (sclerotica, 
ektome, excision). Operation for forming an artificial 
pupil by excision of a portion of the sclerotica. 
Scleroticitis, skler-ot-is-e'tis. Sclerotitis. 
Sclerot'ico-chorioidi'tis or -choroidi'tis, poste'- 
rior. Staphyloma, posterior. 
Scleroticonyxis, skler-ot-ik-o-niks'is (sclerotica, 
nusso, to pierce). Perforation of the sclerotica for 
cataract by depression. 
Scleroticotomia, skler-ot-ik-o-tom'e-ah (sclerotica, 
tome, incision). Operation for cataract by cutting 
through the sclerotic. 
Scleroticus, skler-ot'ik-us (scleros). Medicine which 
hardens the part to which it is applied. 
Sclerotinic (skler-o-tin'ik) ac'id. C12H19NO9. Non- 
crystalline feebly-acid principle prepared from ergot. 
See Ergot. 
Sclerotis, skler-o'tis (scleros). Sclerotica. Ergot of 
rye. 
Sclerotisectomia, skler-ot-e-sek-tom'e-ah. Excision 
of a portion of the sclerotic. 
Sclerotitis, skler-o-te'tis. Rheumatic ophthalmia. In- 
flammation of the sclerotic coat of the eye. 
Sclerotium clavus, skler-o'she-um klav'us. See 
Ergot. S. gigante'um, see Lycoperdon tuber. 
Sclerotome, skier'o-tome (skier os, hard, tome, divis- 
ion). A section of the skeleton. Knife used in 
sclerotomy. 
Sclerotomia, skler-o-tom'e-ah. Scleroticectomia. 
Sclerotomy, skler-ot'o-me. Section of the sclerotic 
just behind the cornea; used in glaucoma. 
Sclerotonyxis, skler-ot-o-niks'is. Scleroticonyxis. 
Sclerous (skler'us) (scleros, hard) tis'sue. See Tissue, 
sclerous. 
Scleroxanthin, skler-o-zan'thin. Inert crystalline 
principle of ergot. 
Sclerunticus, skler-un'tik-us. Scleroticus. 
Scler'us. Induration ; scirrhus. 
Sclerymen, skier'im-en. Sclerotic. SCLERYMEN1TIS 
Sclerymenitis, skler-im-en-e'tis (sclerymen, ills'). 
Inflammation of the sclerotic coat of the eye. 
Sclerynticus, skler-in'tik-us. Scleroticus. 
Sclerysma, skler-iz'mah (scteros). Induration; also 
induration of the liver. 
Sclerysmus, skler-iz'mus. Scleriasis. 
Sclopetarius, sklo-pet-ah're-us. Relating to a gun; 
hence aqua sclopetaria or sclopetica, a water for gun- 
shot wounds ; vulnera sclopetaria or sclopetica, gun- 
shot wounds, etc. 
Sclopetoplagse, sklo-pet-o-plag'e. Gunshot wounds. 
Scobs. A shaving; an alkali; the scoria of any 
metal. 
Scolecesis, sko-les-a'sis. Helminthiasis. 
Scoleciasis, sko-les-e'as-is. Helminthiasis. 
Scolecoid, sko'le-koid. Vermiform. 
Scolecology, sko-lek-ol'o-je (sfco/ez, worm, logos, dis- 
course). Helminthology. 
Scolesls, sko-la'sis. Scoliosis. 
Sco'lex (skolex, w'orm). Ascaris lumhricoides; 
also used generically for some imperfectly developed 
forms of taenia. The head of these being the most 
characteristic part, it was generally applied to the 
heads of all forms of cystic and tape worms. En- 
cysted taenia or worm. 
Scolio'ma. Scoliosis. 
Scoliosiometry, sko-le-o-se-om'et-re. Measurement 
of spinal curvature. 
Scolio'sis (skolios, crooked). A distortion of the 
spine to one side from shortening of the muscles or 
shrinking and atrophy. See Gibbositas and Hump. 
S., pel'vic, condition of lessened oblique diameter 
of the pelvis. 
Scoliotic, sko-le-ot'ik. Relating to scoliosis. 
Scolopendra, sko-lo-pen'drah. Asplenium scolo- 
pendrium. 
Scolopendria, sko-lo-pen'dre-ah. Asplenium cete- 
rach and A. scolopendrium. 
Scolopen'drium lin'guae. Asplenium scolopen- 
drium. S. offlcina'rum, Asplenium scolopendrium. 
S. phylli'tis, Asplenium scolopendrium. S. ru'ta 
mura'ria, Asplenium ruta muraria. S. vulga're, 
Asplenium scolopendrium. 
Scolopomachserion, sko-lo-po-mak-e're-on (skolopax, 
woodcock, machaira, knife, so called because it is 
slightly bent at the extremity like a woodcock's bill). 
A sort of blunt-pointed bistoury. 
Scolymus sativus, skol'im-us sat-e'vus. Cynara 
scolymus. 
Scoop. Surgical instrument of the shape of a 
spoon, used for the extraction of certain foreign 
bodies, to extract balls impacted in the soft parts, to 
remove calculi from the urinary bladder in lithotomy, 
vegetations or soft foreign bodies from the interior 
of the uterus, etc. A small scoop is sometimes used 
to extract foreign bodies from the meatus auditorius 
exteruus, nasal fossae, etc. S. extraction of cat'a- 
ract, a mode of operation by which the lens is re- 
moved by a thin, flat, concave scoop, so constructed as 
to pass readily behind the posterior surface of the 
cataract. The operation includes incision, iridectomy, 
laceration of the capsule, and removal of the lens by 
the scoop. 
Scopa regia, sko'pah re'je-ah (scopa, broom). 
Ruscus. 
Scopa'rii cacu'mina. Tops of broom. 
Scoparin, sko-pah'rin. Crystallizable neutral prin- 
ciple from Spartium scoparium. See Spartium. 
Scoparius, sko-pah're-us (scopa, broom) (Ph. U. S.). 
Tops of Sarothamnus scoparius. See Spartium sco- 
parium. 
Scope (skopeo, to look round). Common suffix to 
words meaning ' view ' or ' inspection,' as stethoscope 
laryngoscope, etc. 
Scopo'leine. Scopoline. 
Scopolia (skop-o'le-ah) Japon'ica. Botanical source 
of Japanese belladonna; root is employed for same 
purposes as belladonna root. 
Scopolina atropoides, sko-po-le'nah at-rop-o-e'dees 
(after J. A. Scopoli, Prof, at Pavia). Hyoscyamus 
scopolia. 
993 
SCRIVENER'S CRAMP 
Scopoline (sko'po-leeu) or Scopoleine, skop-o'le-een. 
Alkaloid found in Scopolia Japonica; actively myd- 
riatic. 
Scoptula, skop'tu-lah. Scapula. 
Scopula, skop'u-lah (dim. of Scopa, broom). Brush. 
Scot. Excrement. 
Scoracrasia, skor-ah-kras'e-ah. Scoracratia. 
Scoracrati'a (scor, akratia, want of control). Want 
of power to retain the faeces ; involuntary evacuation 
of the faeces. Scatacrasia and Copracrasia, although 
used in the same sense as scoracratia, really mean un- 
due admixture of the excrement. See Scatacrasia. 
Scorbutic, skor-bu'tic (scorbutus, scurvy). Eelating 
to scurvy; one affected with scurvy; applied, at 
times, indefinitely to a furfuraceous or scurfy-not 
scurvy-eruption. S. fe'ver, scurvy. 
Scorbu'tus. Scurvy. See Purpura. S. alpi'nus, 
pellagra. S. nau'ticus, Porphyra nautica. S. o'ris, 
cancer aquaticus. 
Scordinema (skor-din-a'mah) or Scordinismus, 
skor-din-iz'mus. Carebaria; pandiculation. 
Scordium, skor'de-um (scordon, garlic, from simi- 
larity of smell). Teucrium scordium. 
Scordon, skor'don. Allium. 
Scorium, sko're-um. Scrotum. 
Scor'odon. Allium. 
Scorodos'mine (scorodon, osme, odor). Cystic oxide. 
Scorpiodexis, skor-pe-o-deks'is (skorpios, scorpion, 
dexis, biting; more properly, Scorpiostigma, from skor- 
pios, stigma, puncture). Sting of the scorpion. 
Scorpion (skorpios, skorpioo, to enrage). A genus of 
insects having a sting at the extremity of their tail, 
with which they make dangerous wounds. 
Scorpiostigma, skor-pe-o-stig'mah (scorpius, stigme, 
puncture). Sting of the scorpion. 
Scorpius, skor'pe-us. Scorpion. 
Scorteum, skor'te-um (leather coat).. Scrotum. 
Scorzonera, skor-zo-na'rah (scurzo, Old Spanish for 
viper). Officinal viper's grass, Viper's grass, Goat's 
grass. The roots have been used as alexipharmies 
in hypochondriacal disorders and obstructions of the 
viscera. The root of the Scorzonera Hispanica is 
esculent, but inefficacious as a drug. 
Scotasma, sko-taz'mah (skotos, darkness). Obscurity 
of vision, darkness, Suffusio radians; dark spots seen 
before the eye. See Scotodinia. 
Scotch pine. Pinus sylvestris. 
Scotodia, sko-to'de-ah. Scotasma; scotodinia. 
Scotodinia, sko-to-din'e-ah (skotos, darkness, dineo, 
to turn around). Scotomy. Giddiness, with impaired 
sight, often succeeded by headache. Fixed blind 
spots in the field of vision, dependent on complete 
loss of sensibility of a portion of the retina, are called 
Scotomata. See Vertigo. 
Scotoma, sko-to'mah. Scotasma; scotodinia. 
Sco'tomy. Scotodinia. 
Sco'tos (skotos, darkness). Scotasma ; scotodinia. 
Scotosis, sko-to'sis. Scotodinia. 
Scour, skour. Diarrhoea. 
Scourge, skurje. Any malignant epidemic disease. 
Also a religious furor of the 13th century, during 
which scourging of themselves was practised by those 
affected. As a verb, to whip the skin. 
Scourging, skur'jing. Flagellation, employed by 
the ancients in many diseases. S. ma'nia, see Mas- 
tigosis. 
Scour'ing. Diarrhoea; purgation. S. rush, Equi- 
setum hymenale. 
Scoutellen's meth'od. Oval amputation. 
Scrat. Hermaphrodite; psora. 
Scratch. Psora. 
Screa'tus (screo, to hawk). Act of spitting. 
Screwbean. Mesquite, Prosopsis pubescens. 
Screw'driver teeth. Peculiar teeth seen in young 
subjects of hereditary syphilis. 
Screw-joint. Cochlearthrosis. 
Scribe pal'sy. Cramp, writer's. 
ScripTum, Scrip'tium, Scrip'tulum, Scrip'ulum, 
or Scrip'ulus. Scruple. 
Scriv'ener's cramp. Cramp, writer's. S.'s pal'sy 
or paral'ysis, cramp, writer's. SCROBICULUS 
Scrobiculus, skro-bik'u-lus (dim. of Scrobs, ditch). 
A little ditch or furrow. S. cor'dis, the pit of the 
stomach; the depression at the anterior part of the 
abdomen, below the xiphoid cartilage. S. vari'olae, 
pockmark. 
Scroffse, skrof'fe. Scrofula. 
Scrofula, skrof'u-lah (scro/a, sow, because swine 
were presumed to be subject to a similar complaint). 
King's evil, The evil. A morbid state of the system, 
usually characterized by indolent, glandular tumors, 
chiefly in the neck, suppurating slowly and imper- 
fectly, and healing with difficulty; the disease ordi- 
narily occurring in those of sanguine temperament, 
with thick upper lip, etc. The tumors, after suppu- 
ration, degenerate into ulcers, which, in process of 
time, cicatrize, leaving scars. The internal organs 
are apt to be attacked in those disposed to scrofula; 
hence they are often the subjects of phthisis and 
mesenteric affections. Scrofula is hereditary; is fre- 
quently excited by insufficient or improper regimen, 
and by a close, confined air during childhood. Scrofula 
may exist with or without tubercle, but scrofulous 
inflammations frequently end in acute miliary tuber- 
culosis ; see Tubercle. S. abdomina'lis inter'na, tumid 
abdomen from scrofulous enlargement of the glands. 
S. plant, figwort. S. root, Erythonium Americanum. 
Scrofularia, skrof-u-lah're-ah. Scrophularia. 
Scrofulism, skrof 'u-lizm. See Diathesis. 
Scrof 'uloderm. Scrofuloderma. 
Scrofuloderma, skrof-u-lo-dur'mah (scrofula, derma, 
skin). Chronic strumous inflammation of the skin, 
characterized by indolent red tubercular formations, 
tending to unhealthy suppuration, with scabbing and 
ulceration; healing with distinct scarring. S., large 
pus'tular, large oval or round pustules surrounded 
by deep reddish or purple areola. S., small pus'tu- 
lar, small yellowish pustules, usually occurring on 
the hands and forearms; drying into grayish crusts, 
finally healing and leaving a depressed scar. S., 
ul'cerative, mycosis fungoides. S. ungua'le, inflam- 
mation of the matrix of the nails in scrofulous sub- 
jects. 
Scrofulosis, skrof-u-lo'sis. Scrofulous dyscrasia, 
Scrofulous cachexia. Terms used to signify the ca- 
chetic state of the system which characterizes scrofula. 
See Diathesis. 
Scrofulous, skrof'u-lus. Strumous. Suffering from, 
or relating to, scrofula, as scrofulous cachexia. See 
Scrofula. 
Scrog'legged. Cnemoscoliosis. 
Scroof. Scurf. 
Scrophula, skrof'u-lah. Scrofula. S. mesenter'- 
ica, tabes mesenterica. S. Molucca'na, frambcesia. 
Scrophulse, skrof'u-le. Scrofula. S. gonorrho'- 
icae, gonorrhoea impura. 
Scrophularia, skrof-u-lah're-ah (scrofula, against 
which it has been employed). S. nodosa. S. aquat'- 
ica, Greater water figwort, Water betony, ord. Scrophu- 
lariaceae; leaves are correctors of the bad flavor 
of senna; at one time regarded as eminently anti- 
scorbutic, stomachic, and carminative. S. foe'tida, 
Scrophularia nodosa. S. lanceola'ta, S. nodosa. S. 
Marilan'dica, S. nodosa. S. mi'nor, Ranunculus 
ficaria. S. nodo'sa, Figwort, Kennelwort, Holmesweed, 
Healall; root and leaves of this plant have been pop- 
ular as an internal and external remedy against 
inflammations, piles, scrofulous tumors, ulcers, etc. 
S. vulga'ris, Scrophularia nodosa. 
Scrophularius, skrof-u-lah're-us. Scrofulous. 
Scrophulelco'sis (scrofula, helcos, ulcer). Ulcera- 
tion of scrofulous etiology. 
Scrophuloderma, skrof-u-lo-dur'mah. Scrofulo- 
derma. 
Scrophulonychia skrof-u-lo-nik'e-ah. Scrofulous 
onychia. 
Scrophulophyma, skrof-u-lo-fe'mah. Scrofulous 
tumor of the skin. 
Scrophulosis, skrof-u-lo'sis. See Diathesis and 
Scrofidosis. 
Scrophulo'sus. Scrofulous. 
Scrotal, skro'tal (scrotum'). Relating to the scro- 
994 
I SCYPHUS 
turn, as hernia scrotalis, scrotal hernia; see Oscheo- 
cele. S. ar'teries supply the scrotum, and consist of 
anterior branches from inferior external pudic, and 
posterior branches from transverse perineal arteries. 
S. fis'tula, a urethral fistula having external opening 
in the scrotum. S. her'nia, see Scrotal. S. nerve, 
see Genitocrural nerve. 
Scrotocele, skro-to-se'le (Eng. skro'to-seel) (scrotum, 
kele, tumor). Scrotal hernia. Inguinal hernia, de- 
scending into the scrotum. 
Scro'tum (scorteum, leather coat). Integuments 
which cover the testes. These are nothing more than 
a prolongation of the skin of the inner part of the 
thighs, perineum, and penis. The skin is remark- 
able for its brown color, the numerous rugfe, especially 
when the scrotum is contracted; the great number of 
sebaceous follicles it contains ; and for the long and 
few hairs which issue from it in the adult. The scro- 
tum is divided into two equal parts by a raphe which 
extends from the anus to the root of the penis. Its 
organization is similar to that of the skin of other 
parts of the body, except that the chorion is thinner. 
S. cor'dis, pericardium. S., epithe'lial can'cer of, 
cancer, chimney sweeper's. 
Scru'biegrass. Cochlearia officinalis. 
Scruff. Nucha. 
Scruple, scru'p'l. A weight of twenty grains troy; 
twenty-four grains poids du marc. 
Scud'amore's mixture. See Mixture, Scudamore's. 
Scull. Cranium. S. cap, calvaria. 
Sculte'tus, band'age of. Many-tailed bandage, 
consisting of strips overlapping each other. 
Scurf. Small exfoliations of the cuticle. 
Scurf'-skin. Scarf-skin. 
Scurf'y. Furfuraceous. 
Scurvy, skur've. See Purpura. S. of the Alps, 
pellagra. S., but'ton, see Button scurvy. S., land, 
purpura hsemorrhagica. S., pete'chial, purpura sim- 
plex. S., sea, purpura nautica. 
Scurvygrass, skur've-grass. Sisyrinchium Bermu- 
dianum. S., common, Cochlearia officinalis. S., 
lemon, Cochlearia officinalis. S., wild, Cochlearia 
coronopus. 
Scutella, sku-tel'lah (dim. of Scutra, dish). Cup. 
Scutellaria (sku-tel-lah're-ah) Carolinia'na (scu- 
tella, cup, in allusion to the form of the calyx). S. 
integrifolia. S. galericula'ta, Skullcap. This plant 
has a bitter taste and a garlicky smell; has been 
esteemed especially serviceable in tertian ague. S. 
hyssopifo'lia, S. integrifolia. S. integrifo'lia, 
another indigenous variety; an intense bitter. S. 
lateriflo'ra, Scutellaria (Ph. U. S.), Skullcap, Mad-dog 
skullcap, Madweed, Hoodwort, Blue pimpernel. An in- 
digenous plant in the United States in moist places; 
at one time esteemed a preventive of hydrophobia, 
but probably possessed of little virtue of any kind; 
by some, however, regarded as a good nervine. 
Scuticula digitorum (sku-tik'u-lah dij-it-o'rum) 
ma'nfls. Phalanges of the fingers. 
Scutiform, sku'te-form (scutum, a shield). Having 
the shape of a shield. 
Scutula, sku'tu-lah (pl. of Scutulum, little shield). 
The yellow crusts formed by the drying up of vesi- 
cles, as in favus. 
Scu'tulae (pl. of Scutula, cylinder) digito'rum 
ma'nils. Phalanges of the fingers. 
Scu'tum (shield). Thyroid cartilage. S. cor'dis, 
scapula; sternum. S. ge'nu, patella. S. pec'toris, 
sternum; thorax. S. stomach'icum, a large plaster 
applied to the breast or stomach. S. thora'cis, scap- 
ula. S. tympan'icum, semilunar surface forming 
outer boundary of superior portion of the cavity of 
the tympanum. 
Scybala, skib'al-ah (Skybalon, excrement) (skuba- 
lon, excrement). Hard fecal matters discharged in 
round lumps. 
Scylla, sil'lah. Scilla. 
Scyphus (se'fus) audito'rius (skuphos, cup). In- 
fundibulum of the cochlea. S. cer'ebri, infundibu- 
lum of the brain. S. Vieussen'ii, infundibulum of 
the cochlea. SCYPOPHORUS PYXIDATUS 
Scypophorus pyxidatus, sip-of'or-us piks-id-at'us 
{skuphos, cup, phoreo, to bear). Lichen pyxidatus. 
Scyros, sir'os {skirrhos). Callosity. 
Scytalides (sit-al'id-ees) {skutalis, a small staff) 
digito'rum ma'nus. Phalanges of the fingers. 
Scythian (sith'e-an) disease'. An infection marked 
by atrophy of the penis and testicles, with impotency, 
occurring in adults, terminating frequently in mental 
disease. Scythian insanity, or insanity of the Scyth- 
ians, supposedly common in the Caucasus, but met 
with elsewhere. S. insan'ity, see S. disease. 
Scythica (sith'ik-ah) (ra'dix) {Scythia). Glycyr- 
rhiza. 
Scythropasmus, sith-ro-paz'mus {skuthropazo, to 
look gloomy). A gloomy, depressed countenance, of 
bad augury in serious diseases. 
Scytitis, sit-e'tis {skutos, skin). Inflammation of 
the skin. 
Scytoblastema, sit-o-blas-ta'mah {skutos, skin, blas- 
tos, germ). Recently-formed skin; primary stage of 
skin-formation. 
Scytoblastesis, sit-o-blas-ta'sis (same etymon). The 
formation of skin. 
Scytodepsium, sit-o-dep'se-um {skutodepseo, to curry 
leather). Tannin. 
Scytomorphosis, sit-o-mor-fo'sis {skutos, skin, mor- 
phe, shape). Pathological skin-formation. 
Sea air. The air in the neighborhood of the sea 
contains saline particles commingled with it, which 
render it a valuable change for scrofulous and debili- 
tated individuals. The sea and seacoast are usually, 
also, more equable in their temperature than places 
inland. S. ash, prickly ash of the south, Xanthoxy- 
lum Carolinianum. S. bath'ing, see Baths. S. bur- 
dock, Xanthium strumarium; clotbur. S. gir'dles, 
Laminaria digitata. S. grape, Salsola kali. S. hol'ly, 
Eryngium maritimum. S. lav'ender, Statice limoni- 
um. S. sedge, Acorns calamus. S. tan'gle, the branch- 
ing stems of Laminaria digitata. Used in medicine 
as a dilator of the os uteri, etc., by reason of the 
readiness with which the dried stem absorbs water 
and swells. S. ware, see Pita marina. S. wa'ter, see 
Water, sea. S. wrack, Pila marina. 
Seal, gold'en. Hydrastis Canadensis. S. med'icine, 
cachet. S., Sol'omon's, Convallaria polygonatum. 
S., Sol'omon's, great, Convallaria canaliculata. S., 
Sol'omon's, small'er, Convallaria pubescens. 
Seam. Cicatrix; suture. 
Search'er. Body-searcher. 
Search'ing. Probing. Also the operation of as- 
certaining, by the introduction of a metallic instru- 
ment, whether there is a stone in the bladder; sound- 
ing. 
Sear'cloth. A cloth to cover a sore ; a plaster. 
Sea'sickness. See Nausea marina. 
Seas'on. One of the four great divisions of the 
year, reckoned by the return of the sun in its annual 
course-spring, summer, autumn, and winter. It is 
to the seasons that we are indebted for the organic 
changes in the vegetable kingdom, and their mutation 
exerts a powerful influence on man. 
Seas'oning. Acclimation. S. fev'er, fever, stran- 
gers', or fever occurring in those unacclimated. 
Seat (sedeo, to sit). Anus; nates. S. bone, ischion. 
S. worm, oxyuris vermicularis. 
Sebaceofollic'ular. See Sebaceous. 
Sebaceous, se-ba'shus {sebum, suet). Having the na- 
ture of suet, as sebaceous or sebaceofollicular tumors. 
S. cyst, wen; steatoma. S. flux, stearrhcea; seborrhoea. 
S., Sebip'arous, or Sebif'erous glands, Sebaceous fol- 
licles or crypts, Oil or Miliary glands, are small hollow 
organs of rounded or pyriform shape, seated in the sub- 
stance of the skin, and opening on its surface by a small 
excretory duct, furnishing yellow, unctuous humor, 
smegma cutaneum, sebum cutaneum, having some 
analogy with suet, which is destined to lubricate the 
surface of the body. Follicles of similar nature exist 
around the corona glandis of the male, and under the 
skin of the labia majora and nymphae of the female. 
They secrete sebaceous matter, which emits a pecu- 
liar odor, and hence, after the name of one who de- 
995 
SECRETIO 
scribed them, have been called Tyson's glands, gland- 
ulse odoriferae Tysoni, glandulae Tysoni, glandulae 
odoriferae or sebaceae glandis, glandulae coronae penis, 
folliculi sebacei coronae glandis, glandulae odoriferae 
praeputii, and cryptae praeputiales. 
Sebastomania, seb-ast-o-man'e-ah (sebastos, wor- 
shipped, mania). Religious insanity; demonomania. 
Sebestena, seb-es-te'nah. Smooth-leaved cordia, As- 
syrian plum. Ord. Cordiaceae. The dark, black fruit 
of the Sebestena possesses glutinous and aperient qual- 
ities, being exhibited in decoction in various thoracic 
diseases. 
Sebiferous, se-bif'er-us (sebum, suet, fat, fero, to 
carry). See Sebaceous. 
Sebiparous, se-bip'ar-us (sebum, suet, fat, pario, to 
bring forth). See Sebaceous. 
Seborrhagia, seb-or-rhaj'e-ah (sebum, suet, fat, rhage, 
breaking forth). Stearrhcea. 
Seborrhcea, seb-or-rhe'ah (sebum, suet, fat, rheo, to 
flow). Stearrhcea; sebaceous flux; acne sebacea; 
seborrhagia. S. amiantha'cea, see Stearrhcea. S. 
capilli'tii, seborrhcea capitis. S. cap'itis, sebor- 
rhcea of the scalp, of very young children especially; 
seborrhcea capillitii. S. congesti'va, lupus erythe- 
matodes. S. cor'poris, type marked by oval or round 
deep-yellow eruption on the trunk, of size of split 
pea and larger, covered with scales and lasting from 
two weeks to two months; pruritus is also a feature 
of the affection. S. furfura'cea, pityriasis capitis. 
S. genita'lium occurs behind corona glandis in the 
male, and around clitoris and vestibule in the female. 
S. ichthyo'sis, form marked by large thin plates. S. 
na'si, S. affecting nose and adjacent skin. S. nig'- 
ricans, a form of chromidrosis. S. oleo'sa, S. marked 
by a thin oily secretion. S. sic'ca, see Stearrhcea. S. 
squamo'sa, S. sicca. S. tabescen'tium, form charac- 
terized by minute scales, affecting large areas of the 
body. 
Seb'sten. Sebestina. 
Se'bum. Pinguedo; sevum. S. cacao, oil of theo- 
broma. S. cuta'neum, see Sebaceous glands. S. ovil'- 
le, mutton suet. S. palpebra'le, see Chassie. S. prae- 
putia'le, smegma praeputii. 
Secale, sek-al'e. The rye plant, ord. Graminese. 
Rye is chiefly used as an article of diet, particularly 
in Europe and America, and a spirit is also extracted 
from it. The grain is disposed to acescency, and 
hence its internal use at first generally produces a 
laxative effect. S. barba'tum, secale. S. cornu'- 
tum or clava'tum, ergot. S. mater'num tur'gidum 
or temulen'tum, ergot. 
Secalia, se-cal'e-ah. A volatile alkaloid discovered 
in ergot of rye. See Propylamia. 
Seca'lis ma'ter. Ergot. 
Secern'ent (secerno, to separate). Secreting. 
Secerning, se-sern'ing. Secreting. S. sub'stance 
of the kid'ney, see Kidney. 
Secessio fee cum, se-ses'se-o fe'kum (secedo, to with- 
draw). Defecation. 
Secessus, se-ses'sus. Vulva. S. ni'ger, melaena. 
Secluso'rium (secludo, to shut up). Sac. 
Sec'ond inten'tion. One of the modes of healing 
of wounds, union by granulation. 
Secondaries, sek'un-da-rees. Term applied to sec- 
ondary symptoms of syphilis; opposed to primaries. 
Sec'ondary (secundus, second). Something that acts 
subordinately to another, as the secondary symptoms 
of a disease-that is, those following the primary. A 
secondary amputation is one performed after the con- 
stitutional effects of the injury have mainly passed 
away. See Fever, secondary, and Hemorrhage. S. sub- 
stance of Rollet, disks of muscle-fibre. S. syph'ilis, 
see Syphilis. 
Secre'ta (same etymon as Secretion). Things or 
matters secreted or separated from the blood. 
Secre'ting. Secerning, Secernent, Secretory, Excernent. 
That which secretes ; as a secreting organ. S. fringes, 
synovial fringes, 
Secretio, sek-ra'she-o. Secretion. S. lac'tis, secre- 
tion of milk. S. lo'tii or uri'nae, secretion of urine 
by the kidney. S. vica'ria, see Vicarious. SECRETION 
Secre'tion (secerno, to separate). An organic func- 
tion, chiefly executed in the glands, consisting in an 
elaboration or separation of the materials of the 
blood at the very extremities of the arterial system, 
or rather of the vascular secretory apparatus ; differ- 
ing in each organ according to its particular struc- 
ture; hence the formation of different fluids-bile, 
saliva, urine, milk, etc. The term is also applied to 
the thing secreted. The secretions are chiefly exhal- 
ant, follicular, or glandular. Simple secretions are 
those which exist ready formed in the blood, and 
pass out of the vessels by an act of exosmosis, while 
the more complicated are formed from the liquor 
sanguinis by cell agency. The latter alone are by 
some called secretions. 
Secretomotor, se-kre-to-mo'tor. Epithet applied to 
nerves which influence secretion in the manner of 
excitomotor nerves. 
Secretorius, sek-re-to're-us. Secreting. 
Secre'tory. Secreting. 
Secre'tum. The thing secreted. 
Sectio, sek'she-o. Section. Act of cutting; divis- 
ion. S. abdomina'lis, abdominal section. The term 
Gastrostomy has been applied to an operation to estab- 
lish an artificial mouth connecting directly with the 
stomach by an incision into that organ ; usually made 
in the left linea semilunaris; see Gastrotomy and 
Gastrostomy. S. al'ta, see Lithotomy. S. anatom'ica, 
dissection. S. cadav'eris, post-mortem examination. 
S. cadav'eris lega'lis, post-mortem examination. S. 
Csesar'ea, Caesarean section. S. Franconia'na, see 
Lithotomy. S. hypogas'trica, see Lithotomy. S. lat- 
era'lis, see Lithotomy. S. lega'lis, examination after 
death for medico-legal purposes. S. maria'na, see 
Lithotomy. S. nympha'rum, nymphotomy. S. peri- 
nsea'lis, perineal section. S. rectovesica'iis, see Lith- 
otomy. S. rena'lis, nephrotomy. S. ten'dinum, ten- 
otomy. S. vaginovesica'lis, lithotomy through the 
vagina. S. vesica'lis, lithotomy. 
Section, sek'shun. See Sectio. S., abdom'inal, 
gastrotomy. S., Csesa'rean, see Csesarean. S. cutter, 
microtome. S., perine'al, see Lithotomy and Urethrot- 
omy. S., Sigaul'tian, symphyseotomy. S. of ten'- 
dons, see Tenotomy. 
Sec'tions of the brain. Vertical sections made at 
definite points, and variously named prefrontal, fron- 
tal, etc. S., fron'tal, vertical section of the brain made 
through the ascending frontal convolution parallel 
with the fissure of Sylvius. S., occip'ital, vertical 
section through the occipital convolutions. S., pari'- 
etal, vertical section through the ascending parietal 
convolutions. S., pedunculofron'tal, vertical section 
of the brain in front of fissure of Rolando, passing 
through the bases of the three frontal convolutions. 
S., praefron'tal, vertical section of the brain at right 
angles to its longitudinal axis in the prjefrontal 
region. 
Sec'tor for ca'vum nasopharynge'um. Area in 
median plane of skull bounded by lines connecting 
hormion, basion, and staphylion. S. cerebella'ris, 
cerebellar sector. 
Secun'dae (secundus, second). Secundines. 
Secundinae, sek-un-de'ne. Secundines. 
Secundines, sek'un-deens (secundus, second). After- 
birth, After-burden. All that remains in the uterus 
after the birth of the child-viz. the placenta, a por- 
tion of the umbilical cord, and the membranes of the 
ovum. These are commonly not expelled till some 
time after the birth of the foetus; hence their name. 
Secun'dum ar'tem. Properly, according to art. 
Secun'dum par tuberculo'ruin. Optic thalami. 
Secun'dus proprio'rum aurlc'ulae. Retrahens 
auris. 
Se'cus. Sex. 
Sedantia, sed-an'she-ah. Sedatives. 
Sedation, se-da'shun (sedo, to settle or assuage). 
Effect induced by sedatives. 
Sed'atlves. Calmants, Temperants. Medicines 
which directly depress the vital forces, being conse- 
quently employed whenever necessary to diminish 
preternaturally increased action; as bromides, anti- 
996 
SEGOND, ANGLES OF 
mony and its preparations, aconite, potash salts, cam- 
phor, lobelia, gelsemium, conium, chloral, nitro- 
glycerin, Calabar bean. 
Se'dem attol'lens (raising the seat). Levator ani. 
Sedenta'ria os'sa. The bones upon which the 
body rests when in the sitting position-viz. the 
ischial and coccygeal bones. 
Se'des (sedeo, to sit). Anus; excrement. S. cru- 
en'tffi, dysentery; passage of blood with the dis- 
charges from the bowels. S. lactescen'tes, coeliac 
flux. S. procid'ua, proctocele. 
Sed'hee. Bangue. 
Sedil'ia (sedeo, to sit). Nates. 
SSdillot's amputa'tion. Amputation of middle or 
upper third of leg made with lateral flaps, the outer 
being much longer than the inner. 
Sed'iment {sedeo, to sink down). Deposit formed 
by the precipitation of some one or more of the sub- 
stances held in solution or suspension by a liquid. 
That formed in the urine at the time of cooling 
varies in different states of the system. In calculous 
affections it is a most important object of attention. 
See Urine. 
Sedimen'tum. Sediment. S. uri'nse lateric'ium, 
see Lateritious. S. uri'nse pityroi'des, bran-like sedi- 
ment in urine; see Furfuraceous. 
Sed'lltz. Name of natural springs in Bohemia 
near Prague. The waters are simply saline. S. 
pow'der, composed of sodii et potassii tartras 3ij, 
sod. bicarb, in one paper; acid tartaric, gr. xxxv 
in another; dissolve separately; mix; to be taken 
during effervescence. See Pulvis effervescens com- 
positus. 
Se'dum (sedeo, to sit, owing to its attachment to 
rocks and walls). Wall pepper, Jack of the buttery, 
Pricket, Bird's bread, Stonecrop, Biting stonecrop, Small 
houseleek; ord. Crassulacese. In recent state it is 
very acrid, being emetic and cathartic. Externally, 
in the form of cataplasm, it produces vesications and 
erosions. It has been recommended in cancerous and 
malignant ulcers. S. a'cre, small cultivated plant of 
Europe; local irritant. S. rhodiola and S. album have 
similar properties. Saxifraga granulata. S. al'bum, 
see Sedum. S. glacla'le, sedum. S. ma'jus, Semper- 
vivum tectorum. S. mi'nus, sedum. S. rhodi'ola, 
see Sedum. S. tele'phium, formerly used as a cata- 
plasm in cuts, hemorrhoids, corns, whitlows, etc. S. 
telephoi'des, S. telephium. S. vermicula're, sedum. 
Seed. Semen; sperm. 
Segmen'ta cartilagin'ea (segmentum, segment). See 
Trachea. 
Segmen'tal. Relating to segmentation. S. ar'- 
teries, arteries supplying the region in which they 
have their origin. S. duct, that into which segmen- 
tal tubules empty; only found in auamniota. S. 
or'gan, tubule liued with epithelium opening on the 
surface of the body and communicating with the 
body-cavity ; in vertebrates it empties into a special 
longitudinal duct. It is thought the segmental organs 
are the primitive type from which the kidneys have 
been evolved. S. spheres, the mass of cells produced 
by segmentation of the nucleus of the ovum. S. 
tube, segmental organ. 
Segmentation, seg-men-ta'shun (segmentum, seg- 
ment, itself from seco, to cut). The act of being di- 
vided into segments or portions. Term applied to 
the division of the vitellus or yoke into segments, 
each containing a transparent vesicle, which may be 
a descendant of the primordial or germ-cell. S. cav'- 
ity, space between ectoderm and entoderm, afterward 
occupied by mesoderm. S. nu'cleus, that formed by 
union of pronuclei in the ovum. S. spheres, morula. 
Seg'ments, ver'tebral. Somatomes. Term applied 
to leaflets of the cardiac valves. 
Segnitia (seg-nish'e-ah) or Segnitles, seg-nish'e-ees 
(segnis, sluggish). Sluggishness or torpor in the ex- 
ercise of a function, as segnities alva, torpor of the 
bowels; segnities virium, languor. 
Se'gond, an'gles of. Angles formed by lines drawn 
from basion to chief points on median circumference 
of the skull. SEGU I 
Se'gu. Sago. 
Seldlitz, side'lits. Sedlitz. 
Seignette's salt. Sodium tartrate. 
Seiriasis, si-re'as-is. Coup de soleil; insolation; 
phrenitis. 
Seismus (seism os). Concussion; vibration; shak- 
ing. 
Seiz'ure. Attack. 
Seiz'ures, hid'den. See Hidden. 
Sekiskayavodka. See Spirit. 
Selago, sel-ah'go. Camphorosma Monspeliaca; 
Lycopodium selago. 
Selection. The act of making a choice. S., arti- 
fl'cial, the choice of types of animals or plants, 
which by differentiation develop into the desired 
form. S., nat'ural, the development of the individ- 
uals of any species due to their natural environment 
or conditions. 
Selene, sel-e'ne. Moon. See Nail. 
Seleniaci, sel-en-e'as-e (selene, moon). See Lunatic. 
Seleniasis, sel-en-e'as-is (selene). Somnambulism. 
Seleniasmus, sel-en-e-az'mus. Somnambulism. 
Sele'nium. One of the rare elements having prop- 
erties resembling those of sulphur. 
Selenobletus, sel-en-o-bla'tus (selene, moon, hallo, to 
strike). Lunatic. 
Selenogamia, sel-en-o-gam'e-ah (selene, gamos, mar- 
riage). Somnambulism. 
Selenoplege, sel-en-o-pla'ga (selene, plege, stroke). 
See Coup de soleil and Insolation. 
Selenoplexia, sel-en-o-pleks'e-ah. Moon-stroke. 
Self-abuse'. Masturbation. 
Self-dlges'tion. Digestion of the walls of the stom- 
ach by the gastric juice, from pathological causes. 
Self-heal'. Prunella. 
Self-infec'tion. General infection from any locally- 
acting virus. 
Self-lim'ited. An epithet applied to diseases which 
appear to run a definite course but little modified by 
treatment-small-pox, for example. 
Self-pollu'tion. Masturbation. 
Selibra (sel-e'brah) or Semili'bra. Six ounces 
troy; eight, avoirdupois. 
Selinites, sel-in-e'tees. Wine impregnated with the 
seeds of the selinon or parsley. 
Sellnum, sel-e'num. Apium petroselinum. S. 
angel'icus, Angelica sylvestris. S. gal'banum, Bu- 
bon galbanum. S. Imperato'rla, imperatoria. S. 
lates'cens, Peucedanum palustre. S., marsh, Peu- 
cedanum palustre. S. opop'onax, Pastinaca opopo- 
nax. S. oreoseli'num, Athamanta aureoselinum. 
8. ostruth'ium, imperatoria. S. palus'tre, Peuceda- 
num palustre. S. pastina'ca, Pastinaca sativa. S. 
peuced'anum, peucedanum. S. pubes'cens, Angelica 
sylvestris. S. sylves'tre, Angelica sylvestris, Peuced- 
anum palustre. S. thyssell'num, Peucedanum pa- 
lustre. 
Sel'la (seat). S. Turcica. S. equi'na, S. Turcica. 
S. familiar'lca, lasanum. S. obstetri'cia, close-stool. 
S. sphenoida'lls, S. Turcica. S. Tur'cica, Pituitary 
fossa, Turkish saddle; depression at the upper sur- 
face of the sphenoid bone, being bounded, anteriorly 
and posteriorly, by the clinoid processes, lodging the 
pituitary gland. It is so called from its resemblance 
to a Turkish saddle. 
Selters, Seitz, or Selt'zer, min'eral wa'ters of. 
Cold, acidulous springs, the source of which is at 
Seitz, nine leagues from Strasburg, in the department 
of the Bas-Ehin. They chiefly contain carbonates of 
sodium, chloride of sodium, sulphates of sodium, cal- 
cium, magnesium, and iron, and much carbonic acid. 
They are refrigerant, tonic, diuretic, and aperient, but 
are not much frequented. Artificial Seltzer water may 
be made from muriatic acid, gr. xxxv; water, Oj ; 
white marble, gr. iij. Keep in a stoppered bottle till 
dissolved. Add carbonate of magnesium gr. v, and, 
after some time, subcarbonate of sodium gr. xxxij. 
Sembella, sem-bel'lah. Selibra. 
Semecarpus anacardium, sem-e-kar'pus an-ak-ar'- 
de-um (semeion, mark, karpos, fruit). Avicennia to- 
rn entosa. 
997 
SEMICIRCULAR 
Semelography (sem-i-og'raf-e), Semiog'raphy, or 
Symptomatog'raphy (semeion, symptom, graphe, de- 
scription). A description of symptoms or signs of 
disease. 
Semeiology (sem-i-ol'o-je) or Semiol'ogy (semeion, 
symptom, logos, discourse). The branch of pathology 
whose object is the doctrine of the symptoms or signs 
of disease. 
Semeion, sem-i'on. Sign, symptom. S. Boethe- 
mat'icum, indication. 
Semeiosis, sem-i-o'sis. Semeiology. 
Semeiotice, sem-i-ot'is-e. Semeiology. 
Semelotics, sem-i-ot'iks. Science of signs or symp- 
toms. 
Semeioticus, sem-i-ot'i-cus. Symptomatic. 
Semelin'cident (semel, once, incidens, happening). 
Term applied to diseases occurring but once in the 
same individual-small-pox, for example. 
Se'men (semen, seed). That which is sown. Seed 
of plants and animals. Sperm. S. abelmos'chi, musk 
seed. S. a'bri, jequirity. S. Alexandri'num, santonica. 
S. amo'nii, pimento. S. anl'si stella'ti, star-anise 
seed. S. anl'si vulga'ris, aniseed. S. are'cae, areca 
nut. S. Ba'dian, Illicium anisatum. S. caca'o, cacao. 
S. Cal'abar, physostigma. S. calcitrip'pae, larkspur 
seed. S. cardamo'mi mino'ris, cardamon. S. cata- 
pu'tiae mino'ris, seeds of Euphorbia lathyris. S. 
ci'nae or cl'nae Halepen'se, santonica. S. co'la, 
cola nut. S. col'chici, colchicum seed. S. consol'- 
idse, larkspur seed. S. con'tra ver'mes, Artemisia 
santonica. S. cydo'niae, cydonium. S. eru'cae, white 
mustard seed. S. genita'le, S. masculinum. S. Ig- 
na'tiae, ignatia. S. lycopo'dii, lycopodium. S. 
masculi'num, sperm. S. mulie'bre, sperm (of the 
female). S. myris'ticae, nutmeg. S. nu'cis vom'- 
icsB, nux vomica. S. papa'veris, poppy seed. S. 
pedicula'ris, staphisagria. S. quer'cus, seeds from 
Quercus robur. S. quer'cus tos'tum, acorn coffee. 
S. sabadil'lse, cevadilla. S. sanc'tum, see Artemisia 
santonica. S. santon'ici, see Artemisia santonica. S. 
sina'pis, black mustard. S. sina'pis al'bae, white 
mustard. S. sina'pis ni'grae, black mustard. S. 
stramo'nii, stramonium seeds. S. strych'niae, nux 
vomica. S. tig'lii, croton seeds. S. viri'le, S. mas- 
culinum. S. zedoa'riae, see Artemisia santonica. 
Sem'i (hemisu, half). Semi or demi, in composition, 
universally signifies half. 
Semi-albinismus, sem-e-al-bin-iz'mus (semi, albus, 
white). Diminution in the color of the skin, affect- 
ing negroes only. 
Semi-animis, sem-e-an'im-is (semi, animus, life), 
Half-living; half-dead. 
Sem'ibulb of the fe'male. Bulbus vestibuli. 
Semibul'bus cor'poris spongio'si. Bulbus ves- 
tibuli. 
Semicanaliculus, sem-e-kan-al-ik'u-lus (semi, canal- 
iculus, a small channel). Sulcus. 
Semicanalis, sem-e-kan-al'is (semi, canalis, channel). 
Sulcus. S. hu'meri, the bicipital groove. S. ner'vi 
Vidia'ni, groove on anterior surface of pectinous por- 
tion of temporal bone. S. ten'sor tym'pani, canal 
for tensor tympani muscle. S. tu'bae Eusta'chii, 
lower portion of canalis musculotubarius containing 
Eustachian tube. S. tympan'icus, sulcus Jacobsonii. 
Semicephalus, sem-e-sef 'al-us. Hemicephalus. 
Semicircular, sem-e-sur'ku-lar (semi, circuius, cir- 
cle). That representing half of a circle. S. canals' 
are seated in the pars petrosa of the temporal bone, 
opening into the vestibule behind which they are 
situate. They are three in number, of which one is 
superior or vertical-canalis semicircularis verticalis 
superior; another posterior or oblique-canalis semi- 
circularis verticalis posterior or internus or inferior; 
and the third exterior or horizontal-canalis semicir- 
cularis horizontalis or externus or exterior or medius 
or minimus or brevissimus. Their parietes are 
formed of a bony, compact, hard plate. At their ter- 
mination they have the elliptical arrangements called 
ampullae, and by both extremities they open into the 
vestibule in the sac at its superior part, variously 
called the sacculus ellipticus or oblongus or hemi- SEMICIRCULI OSSEI 
ellipticus or semi-ovalis or communis; alveus or 
utriculus or sinus communis or medianus; sinus or 
alveus utriculosus; sacculus vestibuli; median sinus, 
utricle. In front of the sacculus ellipticus, nearer 
the cochlea and opposite the foramen ovale, is the 
sacculus sphtericus or rotundus or proprius. The 
membranous semicircular canals-canales semicircu- 
lares membranacei, tubuli or ductus semicirculares- 
follow the same course as the osseous canals, described 
above. 
Semicirculi ossei, sem-e-sur'ku-le os'se-e. Semi- 
circular canals. 
Semicir'culus exsculp'tus (semicircle cut out). 
Aortic opening of the diaphragm. 
Semicongius, sem-e-kon'je-us. Half a gallon, or 
four pints. 
Semicubium, sem-e-cu'be-um (semi, cubo, to lie 
down). A half-bath, or such as receives only the 
hips or extremities. 
Semicupium, sem-e-cu'pe-um. Semicubium. 
Semidecussa'tion. Incomplete or partial decussa- 
tion. 
Semifibulseus, sem-e-fib-u-le'us. Peronseus brevis. 
Semihomo, sem-e-ho'mo (semi, half, homo, man). 
Atropa mandragora. 
Semi-interosseus indicia, sem-e-in-tur-os'se-us in'- 
dis-is. Abductor indicis. S.-i. pol'licis, opponens 
pollicis. 
Semilibra, sem-e-le'brah. Selibra. 
Semilu'nar (semi, luna, moon). Having the shape of a 
half-moon. S. bone, one of the carpal bones; see Lunar 
bone. S. car'tilages, Semilunar fibrocartilages, Sigmoid 
cartilages; two fibrocartilages between the condyles of 
the os femoris and the articular surfaces of the tibia. 
The innermost, which is longer from before to behind 
than transversely, is nearly semicircular. The outer- 
most forms almost an entire circle, an arrangement, 
in both cases, corresponding to the different surfaces 
of the tibia. They are thicker at their outer cir- 
cumference, which is convex, than at the inner, 
which is concave and very thin. Both are inserted, 
before and behind, into the spine of the tibia by 
means of fibrous fascise. S. fas'cia, bicipital fascia. 
S. fold of Doug'las, a lunated edge marking a defi- 
ciency in the posterior wall of the sheath of the rec- 
tus abdominis muscle. S. fold of the eye, small fold of 
conjunctiva in the inner canthus, representing the 
membrana nictitans of quadrupeds and birds. S. folds 
of peritone'um, recto-uterine folds. S. gan'glion 
belongs to the great sympathetic. These ganglia pre- 
sent considerable variety, being deeply situate in the 
abdomen above and behind the suprarenal capsules. 
They correspond posteriorly to the pillars of the dia- 
phragm and the aorta. They have the shape of a 
crescent reversed, often surrounded by other ganglia 
of a smaller size. From their periphery numerous 
filaments proceed which go to form the solar plexus. 
S. lobes, two lobes of the posterior lobe of the cere- 
bellum, the superior being above the great horizontal 
fissure, while the inferior is below the same fissure. 
S. notch of il'ium, notch between anterior superior 
and anterior inferior spines of ilium. S. notch of 
the ster'num, fourchette. S. sur'face, smooth carti- 
laginous surface surrounding the acetabular fossa. 
S. tract, a tract of fibres situate in the external por- 
tions of the cerebellum. S. valves, sigmoid valves. 
Semiluna're os. See Lunar bone. 
Semilu'nula (dim. of Lu'na, moon) un'guium 
(semi, lunula, small moon). See Nail. 
Semimas, sem'e-mas (semi, mas, male). Eunuch. 
Semimasculatus, sem-e-mas-ku-lat'us. Eunuch. 
Semimasculus, sem-e-mas'ku-lus (semi, masculus, 
male). Eunuch. 
Semimembraneous, sem-e-mem-bran'e-us. Semi- 
membranosus. 
Semimembranosus, sem-e-mem-bran-o'sus (semi, 
membrana, membrane). Muscle situate at the poste- 
rior part of the thigh ; flat, thin, narrow, and apo- 
neurotic in the upper third; broader and fleshy in the 
middle; tendinous below. It is attached above to 
the tuberosity of the ischium; below-by a tendon 
998 
> SEM ISPI NAUS 
which has three divisions-to the outer condyle of 
the femur and to the posterior and inner part of the 
internal tuberosity of the tibia. This muscle is a 
rotator inward and flexor of the leg. It can also 
bend the thigh upon the leg. In standing it main- 
tains the pelvis in position, and can even draw it 
downward. 
Semimortuus, sem-e-mort'u-us {semi, mortuus, dead). 
Haif-living; half-dead. 
Semina (pl. of Se'men, seed) cataputise (sem'in-ah 
kat-ap-u'she-e) majo'ris. See Ricinus communis. S. 
frig'ida majo'ra, the greater cold seeds; the ancients 
gave this name to the emulsive seeds of the cucumber, 
melon, gourd, and watermelon. S. frig'ida mino'ra, 
the lesser cold seeds; the ancients gave this name to 
seeds of the lettuce, purslane, endive, and cichory. 
S. in'dageer, Nerium antidysentericum. S. ric'ini 
vulga'ris, see Ricinus communis. 
Sem'inal {semen). Spermatic. S. animal'cule, 
spermatozoon. S. cells, amoeboid cells found in the 
seminal tubules, and supposed to secrete the fluid 
portion of the semen. S. cysts, a variety of reten- 
tion cyst or tumor, including encysted hydrocele and 
hydrocele of the spermatic cord or spermatocele; the 
fluid obtained from these cysts usually contains sem- 
inal filaments or spermatozoa. S. ducts, ejaculatory 
ducts. S. fil'aments, spermatozoa. S. fluid, sperm. 
S. gran'ules, see Granule. S. loss'es, spermatorrhoea. 
S. tu'bules, seminiferous tubules. S. ves'icles, two 
convoluted tubular sacs for reception of semen, sit- 
uate one on either side of the base of the bladder. 
The duct of each joins with the vas deferens of the 
same side, forming the ejaculatory duct. 
Semina'le mem'brum (seminafmember). Penis. 
Seminalis, sem-in-al'is. Spermatic. 
Semina'tion. Introduction of spermatic fluid into 
the uterus. 
Seminervosus, sem-e-nerv-o'sus {semi, nervus, 
sinew). Semitendinosus. 
Seminex, sem'in-eks {semi, nex, death). Half- 
living: half-dead. 
Semin'ia morbo'rum {seminium, seed). Predisposi- 
tion. The seeds of disease. 
Seminiferous, sem-in-if'er-us {semen, fero, to carry). 
Spermatophorous. Epithet given to the vessels which 
secrete and convey the seminal fluid. S. tu'bules, 
finely convoluted tubules composing the glandular 
part of the testis, discharging their secretion into the 
straight tubules. 
Seminist, sem'in-ist {semen). Animalculist. The 
term was also used for one who believed that the 
new being was formed by admixture of the seed of 
the male with the supposititious seed of the female. 
Seminium, sem-in'e-um (seed). Sperm. 
Semiography, sem-e-og'raf-e. Semeiography. 
Semiology, sem-e-ol'o-je. Semeiology. 
Semion, sem-e'on {semeion). Sign. 
Semiorbicularis, sem-e-or-bik-u-lar'is. See Orbic- 
ular muscles. 
Semios'seus in'dicis. Abductor indicis. 
Semiot'ic. Symptomatic. 
Semiotice, sem-e-ot'is-e. Semeiology. S. fa'ciei, 
physiognomy. 
Semipes'tis {semi, half, pestis, plague). Typhus. 
Semiplegia, sem-e-plej'e-ah {semi, plege, stroke). 
Hemiplegia. 
Semisex'tum. Hemiecton. 
Semisicilicus, sem-e-sis-il'ik-us. A weight of one 
drachm or three scruples. 
Semisideratio, sem-e-sid-er-ah'she-o {semi, sideratus, 
planet-struck). Hemiplegia. 
Semisidera'tus. Hemiplegic. 
Semisom'nis {semi, somnus, sleep). Coma. 
Semisopitus, sem-e-sop'it-us {semi, sopio, to put to 
sleep). Coma. 
Semisopo'rus {semi, sopor, sleep). Coma. 
Semispec'ulum {semi, speculum, mirror). Instrument 
used in dilating the incision made into the neck of 
the bladder in the operation of lithotomy. 
SemispinaTis cap'itis. See Complexus. S. colTi, 
part of transversospinal. Muscle arising from the SEMISPINATUS COLLI 
transverse processes of the six uppermost dorsal verte- 
brae, by an equal number of distinct tendons, running 
obliquely under the complexus, being inserted into 
the spinous processes of all the cervical vertebrae ex- 
cept the first and last. Its action is to extend the 
neck obliquely backward and to one side. S. dor'si, 
part of transversospinal. Muscle arising from the 
transverse processes of the seventh, eighth, ninth, 
and tenth dorsal vertebrae, by as many distinct ten- 
dons, soon growing fleshy, and then again becoming 
tendinous, being inserted into the spinous processes 
of the sixth or seventh uppermost dorsal, and two 
lowest cervical vertebrae, by as many tendons. Its 
action is to extend the spine obliquely backward. 
S. exter'nus, semispinalis dorsi. S. inter'nus, trans- 
versalis dorsi. S. spina'tus, longissimus dorsi; semi- 
spinalis dorsi. 
Semispina'tus col'li. Semispinalis colli. 
Semissis, sem-is'sis. The half of a pound, ounce, 
drachm, etc. 
Semisul'cus longitudina'lis. Groove on parietal 
bone forming, with its fellow of opposite side, the 
broad groove which lodges the superior longitudinal 
sinus. S. petro'sus infe'rior, groove on sides of basi- 
lar portion of occipital bone lodging the inferior 
petrosal sinus. S. sagitta'lis, semisulcus longitudi- 
nals. 
Semitendino'sus. Muscle situate at the posterior 
part of the thigh. It extends obliquely, downward 
and inward, from the tuberosity of the ischium-to 
which it is attached by a flat tendon common to it 
and the biceps-as far as the posterior and inner part 
of the tibia, to which it is attached by means of 
another round tendon. Its fibres are commonly in- 
terrupted by an aponeurosis. Its uses are the same 
as those of the semimembranosus. 
Semitertian, sem-e-tur'shan (semi, tertiana, tertian). 
Term applied to a fever possessing the characters of 
a tertian and a quotidian intermittent. S. fe'ver, 
malarial fever having daily paroxysms, of which those 
occurring every other day are more violent. 
Semiuncia, sem-e-un'se-ah (semi, uncia, ounce). 
Half an ounce. 
Semivir, sem'e-vur (semi, vir, man). Eunuch. 
Semivivus, sem-e-ve'vus (semi, virus, alive). Half- 
alive, half-dead. 
Sempervivum acre, sem-per-ve'vum ak're (semper, 
always, virus, alive, because always green). Sedum. 
S. tecto'rum, Houseleek, Sengreen, Jupiter's beard. 
The leaves have a mild, subacid austerity, and are 
often applied to bruises and old ulcers. 
Semp'stress's pal'sy. See Palsy, sempstress's. 
Se'muda. Betula. 
Semuncia, se-mun'se-ah. Half an ounce. 
Se'na. Cassia senna. 
Senebiera coronopus, sen-e-be-a'rah kor-on'o-pus 
(after J. Senebier, the naturalist, of Geneva). Coch- 
learia coronopus. 
Sen'eca oil (after the Seneca Indians). Petroleum. 
Senecio, sen-e'se-o (senex, old man, in allusion to 
the grayish down on many species). Groundsel, Fire- 
weed ; ord. Compositae. A common plant in Europe; 
frequently applied, bruised, to inflammation and ul- 
cers as a refrigerant and antiscorbutic. S. aur'eus, 
Golden ragweed, Wild valerian, Life root, Squaw root; 
indigenous; is an excitant, diaphoretic, and diuretic. 
The dried plant is used in decoction- to Oj of 
water. S. hieracifo'lius, Erecthites hieracifolius. S. 
Jacobaa'a, St. James's wort, Ragwort. The leaves have 
a roughish, bitter, subacid, and extremely nauseous 
taste. A decoction has been used in dysentery. A 
poultice of the leaves has been recommended in rheu- 
matic affections, and a decoction of the root has been 
employed for wounds and bruises. S. vulga'ris, sen- 
ecio. 
Senecta, sen-ek'tah. Old age; see Senectus. S. de- 
crep'ita, decrepitude. S. extre'ma, decrepitude. S. 
sum'ma, decrepitude. S. ul'tima, decrepitude. 
Senec'tus (senex. old person). Old age, Senility. 
The last period of life, commencing, according to 
some, at 60 years of age-according to M. Flourens, 
999 
SENSE 
at 70-but varying according to numerous circum- 
stances. It is characterized by progressive diminu- 
tion of the physical and mental faculties. See Age. 
S. ul'tima, decrepitude. 
Sen'ega. Polygala senega. S. snake'root, senega. 
Sen'egae ra'dix. See Polygala senega. 
Sen'egal, gum. Exudation from Acacia or Mimosa 
Senegal, ord. Leguminosse, growing in that part of 
Africa through which the river Senegal runs. It is 
in loose or single drops, much larger than gum ara- 
bic or the gum which exudes from the cherry tree. 
Sen'egin. See Polygala senega. 
Sen'eka. Polygala senega. 
Senescence, sen-es'sence (senex, old man). Old age. 
Sen'green. Sempervivum tectorum. 
Se'nile (senex, old person). Relating or belonging 
to old age, as senile delirium ; dotage. S. chore'a, 
paralysis agitans; also a form of true chorea. S. 
gan'grene, dry gangrene of the extremities due to ath- 
eromatous vessels, with diminution of blood-supply. 
S. trem'bling, see Senile. 
Seni'lis. Relating to old age; old. S. ar'cus, see 
Arcus senilis. 
Senil'ity. Senectus. 
Sen'na (Ph. U. S.). Leaflets of Cassia acutifolia 
and C. elongata. See Cassia senna. S. acutifo'lia, 
Cassia acutifolia. S. Alexandri'na, Cassia senna. S., 
Amer'ican, Cassia Marilandica. S. angustifo'lia, 
Cassia elongata. S., blad'der, Colutea arborescens. 
S. figs, see Cassia senna. S. German'ica, colutea. 
S. In'dica, Tinnevelly senna. S. Ital'ica, Cassia 
senna. S. obova'ta, Cassia obovata. S. officina'lis, 
Cassia elongata. S. paste, see Paste, senna. S., prai'- 
rie, Cassia chamsecrista. S., wild, Cassia chamsecrista; 
Cassia Marilandica ; Globularia alypum. 
Sennaar gum, sen-nah-ar' gum. A variety of gum 
acacia, so named from the town on the Red Sea 
whence it is exported. 
Sennacrol, sen'nak-rol. A pungent, acrid princi- 
ple obtained from senna; soluble in ether. 
Sennapicrin, sen-nah-pi'krin. A bitter principle 
of senna, obtained from the alcoholic extract of the 
drug. 
Sensa'tion (sentio, sensum, to feel). The conscious- 
ness or cognizance by the brain of an impression caused 
by an external body on the organs of the senses. It is 
not necessarily confined to bodies external to us, for 
we can receive an impression by touching any part 
of our own body. The body which communicates 
the impressions needs but to be external to the part 
impressed. Sensations are divided into external, in- 
ternal, and morbid. The external are communicated 
by the five organs of the senses. The internal are 
such as occur within the body, and arise from some 
alteration in the function of the part for the time 
being. Hunger and thirst are internal sensations, as 
well as all the natural wants. Morbid sensations may 
be either internal or external. Objective sensations 
are produced by impressions on the peripheral nerves, 
as in vision, audition, etc. Subjective sensations are 
such as originate centrically or in the encephalon, as 
tinnitus aurium. 
Sensa'tional. Sentient. 
Sense. A faculty possessed by animals of appreci- 
ating impressions from external objects. The senses 
are five in number: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and 
touch. Of these, the first two and the last adminis- 
ter more to the intellect, and hence have been called 
by some the intellectual senses; the other two seem 
more connected with the nutrition of the body, and 
hence have been termed corporeal or nutritive senses. 
Other senses have been suggested-as the intense sen- 
sation experienced during the venereal act; a sense 
of heat and cold; a muscular sense. S. or gans, 
those which when stimulated produce sensation. S. 
or'gans, cen'tral, central collections of cells which 
receive peripheral impulses and convert them into 
reflex action, sensation, or both sensation and reflex 
action. S. or'gans, peripheral, special sensory 
nerve-endings, including touch- and taste-corpuscles, 
organ of Corti, the retina, etc. SENSES 
Senses, ner'vous sys'tem of the. Medulla ob- 
longata. 
Sensibil'itas. Sensibility. S. anom'ala, see Irri- 
table. S. auc'ta, see Irritable. S. morbo'sa, see Irri- 
table. 
Sensibility, sen-sib-il'it-e (sentio, to feel, habilis, 
able). The faculty of receiving and transmitting 
impressions and having the consciousness of them. 
It thus includes impressibility, transmissibility, and 
perceptibility. Bichat defined it as the property 
possessed by living bodies of receiving impressions, 
whether the individual be conscious of them or not. 
If conscious, the sensibility is called animal; if not, 
organic. This last is common to vegetables and ani- 
mals, and presides over nutrition, absorption, exhala- 
tion, secretion, etc. The other does not exist in vege- 
tables: it is the origin of the sensations-olfaction, 
vision, gustation thirst, hunger, pain, etc. The free 
extremities of the hair and nails and the epidermis 
are not so sensible. See Insensibility. S., organ'ic, 
unconscious transmission of afferent or efferent im- 
pulses. S., range of, see Weber's law. S., recurrent, 
see Vertebral nerves. 
Sen'sible. Having the faculty of sensation. 
Sensiferous, sen-sif'er-us (sensus, fero, to carry). 
Sentient. 
Sensio, sen'se-o. Sense. 
Sensitive. Having the faculty of feeling. Relat- 
ing or appertaining to the senses or to sensation. 
Senso'rial. Sentient. S. pow'er, the two functions 
of sensation and volition, to which some add the 
power of muscular contraction ; but it should not be 
extended to acts in which there is not consciousness. 
Sensorimo'tor. Name applied to certain nerve- 
fibres which act conjointly in sensation and muscular 
Sensorium, sen-so're-um. The common centre of 
sensations. By many it is considered to be repre- 
sented by the optic thalami, the corpora striata, and 
the ganglionic nuclei of the nerves of the different 
senses. 
Sensorivolitional, sen-so-re-vo-lish'un-al. A term 
applied to nervous fibres passing to and from the 
cerebrospinal axis, and respectively concerned in sen- 
sation and volition. 
Sen'sory. Sensorium; sentient. S. cells, the nerve- 
cells composing end-organs of nerves, as, for example, 
the cells of the taste end-organs, situate in the tongue. 
S. gan'glia, a series of ganglionic masses at the base 
of the brain, in direct communication with the nerves 
of sensation, as the olfactory, optic, auditory, and gus- 
tatory. S. nerves, Nerves of sensation, so called in con- 
tradistinction to motor nerves. There are general 
sensory nerves, as those connected with the posterior 
part of the spinal marrow and the fifth pair; and 
special sensory, as those of the senses. 
Sensus aegritudinis, sen'sus e-gre-tu'diu-is (a feel- 
ing of sickness). Indisposition. S. osmomet'ricus, 
olfaction. S. perver'sus, pseudsesthesia. 
Sentient, sen'she-ent (sentio, to feel). Sensory, 
Ideagenous, Sensorial, Sensational, Sensiferous. Feeling; 
causing feeling. S. extremities of nerves are their 
minute terminations in the organs. 
Sentina, sen-te'nah. Pituitary gland. 
Sep'arate sys'tem. A form of sewage which ex- 
cludes, in whole or part, the rainfall. See Sewerage. 
Sep'arator. Instrument used to separate the 
teeth, to correct their abnormal position by contin- 
uous pressure. 
Separato'rium (separo, to separate). A surgical in- 
strument for separating the pericranium from the 
skull. A Separatory is a pharmaceutical vessel for 
separating fluids of different densities from each 
other. 
Sep'aratory. Separatorium. 
Sepedogenesis, sep-e-do-jen'es-is. Sepedonogenesis. 
Sep'edon. Putrefaction. 
Sepedonodes, sep-ed-on-o'dees. Putrid. 
Sepedonogenesis, sep-e-don-o-jen'es-is (sepedon, gen- 
esis, generation). A septic disposition or tendency, 
such as is met with in typhus gravior. Putrescence. 
1000 
SEPTULUM 
Se'pes (a hedge, a row) den'tium. A row of teeth. 
Sephirus, sef'ir-us. Scleriasis. 
Sepia, se'pe-ah. Cuttlefish. Class Cephalopoda. 
The osseous part of the cuttlefish; has been used as 
an absorbent, and is often added to tooth-powders. 
Seplasia'rius. Name formerly given to one who 
sold perfumes, ointments, etc. (From Seplasia, a public 
place at Capua, where they were frequently sold.) A 
druggist. 
Sepsichymia, sep-se-kim'e-ah. Putrefaction or pu- 
trescency of the humors. 
Sep'sin (sepsis, putrefaction). A substance extracted 
from putrid animal material, and supposed to be the 
active cause of certain cases of septicaemia. 
Sep'sis. Putrefaction. Infection with pathogenic 
micro-organisms. 
Septaemia, sep-te'me-ah (septos, putrid, haima, blood). 
Septicaemia, Septic fever, Putrid infection. Morbid con- 
dition of the blood produced by septic or putrid mat- 
ters-animal poisons especially-the inhalation of 
foul air or septic gases. It resembles pyaemia in its 
symptoms. The latter may be regarded, however, 
as a purulent infection ; septaemia, as a putrid infec- 
tion. The micro-organisms producing septaemia are 
generally those which produce suppuration-staph- 
ylococci and streptococci. See Micro-organisms, Bac- 
teria, etc. 
Sep'tal (septum). Eelating or appertaining to a 
septum; as septal walls of the heart, those that sepa- 
rate the cavities from each other. 
Septana (sep-tan'ah) fe'bris (septem, seven). Septan 
fever. 
Sep'tate. Provided with one or more partitions. 
S. u'terus, uterus divided by a septum into two 
cavities. 
Septenary, sep'ten-a-re (septem, seven). Consisting 
of seven. The septenary years of the old believers in 
critical periods were times at which it was supposed 
important changes might be expected to take place. 
The grand climacteric was fixed at 63, and it was 
considered that if a person passed that age, he had 
well-founded expectations that his life might be pro- 
tracted to 90. 
Septenniad, sep-ten'ne-ad (septem, seven). See 
Climacteric years. 
Septerlus, sep-ta're-us. Septic. 
Sept'foil, up'right (septem, seven, folium, leaf). 
Tormentilla. 
Septhae'mia. Septaemia. 
Sep'tic (septos, putrid). That which produces 
putrefaction. A substance corroding and disorgan- 
izing the soft parts without causing much pain. See 
Antiseptic. S. fe'ver, septaemia. S. infec'tion, effect 
of absorption of septic matters. S. poi'son, see Poison. 
S. poi'soning, that due to absorption of septic poisons. 
Septicaemia, sep-tis-e'me-ah. Septaemia. 
Sep'tico-pyae'mia. A combination of septicaemia 
and pyaemia; combined septic and purulent toxaemia. 
Septimes'tris foe'tus (septem, seven, mensis, month). 
A seven months' foetus. 
Sep'tine (septos). Sepsin. 
Septiner'via (septem, seven, nervus, nerve). Plan- 
tago. 
Septochymia, sep-to-kim'e-ah (septos, putrid, chu- 
mos, juice). Putrefaction or putrescency of the humors. 
Septom'eter. Instrument for measuring thickness 
of nasal septum. 
Sep'ton (septos, putrid). Azote. 
Septopyaemia, sep-to-pe-e'me-ah. A combination 
of septaemia and pyaemia. 
Septopyra, sep-top'ir-ah (septos, putrid, pur, fever). 
Typhus gravior. 
Sept'ula (pl. of Septulum) fibro'sa. Fine trabeculae 
of fibrous tissue running from the deep fascia of the 
penis into the corpus cavernosum. S. interalveola'- 
ria, septum between the pulmonary alveoli. S. me- 
dulla spina'lis, the connective tissue septa of the 
spinal cord. S. re'num, columns of Bertin. S. tes'tis, 
see Septulum. 
Sept'ulum (dim. of Septum). A division between 
small spaces or cavities, as the septula testis or fibrous SEPTUM 
cords given off by the mediastinum testis to be in- 
serted into the inner surface of the tunica albuginea. 
Sep'tum (sepio, to fence in). A part destined to 
separate two cavities from each other or to divide a 
principal cavity into secondary cavities. These septa 
are numerous in the human body. The chief are the 
following: S. an'nuli crura'lis, crural canal. S. 
aor'ticum, aortic segments. S. atrio'rum cor'dis, 
septum or partition between the auricles of the heart. 
S. at'rium, auricular septum of heart. S. auricula'- 
rum, S. atriorum. S. bronchia'le, bronchial septum. 
S. bul'bi ure'thrae, median septum of the bulb of the 
urethra. S. bursa'rium omenta'le, ligament running 
from stomach to pancreas; gastropancreatic ligament. 
S. cartilagin'eum, cartilage of nasal septum. S. cer- 
ebel'li, falx cerebelli. S. cer'ebri, falx cerebri. S. 
cervica'le, arachnoid septum. S. coch'lese audito'- 
rise, lamina spiralis. S. cor'dis, the partition which 
separates the two ventricles of the heart. S. crura'- 
le, see Crural canal. S. enceph'ali, tentorium. S. 
fem'oris, lamina of compact tissue inside the femur 
at junction of neck and shaft, serving to greatly 
strengthen the bone. S. glan'dis, median connec- 
tive-tissue septum of glans penis. S. inguina'le ex- 
ter'num, part of superficial abdominal fascia which 
is attached to the internal pillar of the external 
ring of the inguinal canal. S., lin'gual, median 
fibrous septum of the tongue. S. longitudina'le, 
longitudinal septum of spinal cord. S. longitudi- 
na'le poste'rius, posterior median fissure of spinal 
cord. S. lu'cidum, the soft portion or medullary 
substance which separates the two lateral ventricles 
of the brain from each other. This septum is com- 
posed of two lamin®, between which a small cavity 
exists, ventriculus septi pellucidi, filled by a serous 
fluid; see Ventricles of the brain. S. mea'tus acus'- 
tici, lamina cribrosa. S. media'num dorsa'le, pos- 
terior median fissure of cord. S. me'dium cer'ebri, 
S. lucidum. S. me'dium cor'dis, interventricular 
septum. S. medulla're triangula're, S. lucidum. 
S. membrana'ceum, columna nasi. S. membrana'- 
ceum au'ris, tympanic membrane. S. mo'bile, co- 
lumna nasi. S. na'rium, the partition between the 
nares. It is formed by the vomer, the perpendicular 
plate of the ethmoid bone, and a cartilage of trian- 
gular shape, septum narium cartilagineum. See 
Nasal cartilage. These parts are lined by the pitu- 
itary membrane, which receives a considerable num- 
ber of nerves and vessels. S. na'si, see Nares and 
Septum narium. S. ner'veum, crista acustica. S. of 
the nose, septum narium. S. os'sis ethmoi'dei, lam- 
ina of bone dividing ethmoidal cells. S. parame- 
dia'num dorsa'le, posterior paramedian fissure. S. 
parieta'le, posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. S. 
par'vum occipita'le, falx cerebelli. S. pectini- 
for'me, see Cavernous bodies. S. pellu'cidum, S. luci- 
dum. S. of pons Varo'lii, median raphe due to de- 
cussating fibres. S. posti'cum, arachnoid septum. 
S. rectovagina'le, wall between rectum and vagina. 
S. sca'lse, lamina spiralis. S. scro'ti, see Scrotum. 
S. sin'uum sphenoida'lium, septum of sphenoid 
bone. S. sphenoida'le, laminae dividing sphenoidal 
cells. S. staphyli'num, venum pendulum palati. S. 
subarachnoi'deum, imperfect membranous septum 
passing from a,rachnoid to pia along posterior median 
fissure of the spinal cord. S. ten'ue et pellu'cidum, 
S. lucidum. S. thora'cis, mediastinum. S. trans- 
ver'sum, crista acustica, tentorium, diaphragm. S. 
tu'bse, thin lamina of bone separating tensor tympani 
muscle from Eustachian tube in canalis musculo- 
tubarius. S. ure'thr® vagina'le, anterior vaginal 
wall. S. vagi'n® vaso'rum crura'lium, septum be- 
tween femoral vein and artery. S. ventriculo'rum, 
interventricular septum. S. vestib'uli nervosomem- 
brana'ceum, see Labyrinth. 
Sep'tus (septos). Septic. 
Se'pum. Sevum. 
Sequela, sek-we'lah. Singular of Sequelae. 
Sequelae, sek-we'le (sequor, to follow). Popularly, 
Dregs. Morbid phenomena left as the result of a 
1001 
SERPENT 
Sequestrec'tomy (sequestrum, elctome, excision). 
Hybrid term for excision of a sequestrum. 
Sequestrot'omy (sequestrum, tome, section). Hybrid 
term for the operation for removal of sequestrum in 
necrosis. 
Seques'trum (sequestra, to separate from). That 
portion of bone, in necrosis, which is dead and sepa- 
rated from the living bone; acting, while retained, 
as an extraneous body. When the sequestrum is 
superficial and small it is called exfoliation. The 
portion of bone surrounding it is the capsula seques- 
tralis. Sequestra are termed primary, secondary, and 
tertiary, according to the degree of attachment and 
the necessity for operative interference. 
Seralbu'min. The albumin of the blood-serum. 
Sera'peum. Syrup. 
Serapinon, ser-ap-e'non. Sagapenum. 
Sera'pium. Syrup. 
Serhet, sur'bet. Scherbet. 
Se'rial sec'tions. Consecutive or successive sec- 
tions cut from a specimen. 
Sericeps, ser'e-seps. Device for delivering the foe- 
tal head. It is made of a piece of cloth nine inches 
long, furnished with ribbons, so as to make loops for 
traction. 
Sericocarpus (ser-e-ko-kar'pus) tortifo'lius (serikos, 
silken, karpus, fruit). Indigenous; ord. Composite; 
is said to be diuretic. 
Ser'icum. Silk (from Seres-the Thibetans, prob- 
ably-from whom it was first obtained). The thread 
spun by the silkworm. Used by surgeons for liga- 
tures, etc. S. An'glicum, see Sparadrapum adhsesivum. 
Seridion, ser-id'e-on. Cichorium intybus. 
Se'rles den'tium. A row of teeth. 
Se'rine. Serum-albumin. 
Seri'ola. Cichorium intybus. 
Se'rious. Grave. A term applied to a disease or to 
a symptom that is attended with danger. 
Se'ris. Cichorium intybus. 
Sermoun'tain. Lacerpitium album. 
Se'ro. In composition, serous membrane. 
Serocolitis, se-ro-ko-le'tis. See Colitis. 
Serocyst, se'ro-sist. See Serocystic. 
Serocys'tic. Epithet for tumors of the female 
breast, serocysts, which consist in the first stage of 
one or more membranous cysts, produced perhaps by 
dilatation of portions of the lactiferous tubes. 
Seroenteritis, se-ro-en-tur-e'tis. See Enteritis. 
Serohepatltis, se-ro-hep-at-e'tis. Inflammation of 
serous coat of liver. See Hepatitis. 
Se'roid (serum, eidos, resemblance). Resembling a 
serous membrane. 
Serolin, se'ro-lin. Peculiar fatty matter found in 
the blood. Normal feces contain serolin or stercorin, 
produced by transformation of the cholesterin of the 
bile during the digestive act. 
Seropur'ulent. Composed of both serum and pus. 
Sero'sa. Membrane of embryo of birds analogous 
to chorion of mammals. Also a serous membrane. 
Serosanguineous, se-ro-san-gwin'e-us. Consisting 
of ot resembling blood and serum. 
Serosity, se-ros'it-e. Serum. 
Serosub'limate gauze. Antiseptic gauze (Lister), 
being gauze made up of corrosive sublimate solution 
in blood-serum. 
Se'rous (serum). Thin, watery. Relating to the 
most watery portion of animal fluids or to membranes 
that secrete them. See Serum. S. ap'oplexy, serous 
effusion into the ventricles of the brain, with clinical 
symptoms of true apoplexy. S. cysts, cysts with 
thinly liquid contents, usually seated in or near se- 
creting glands or membranes or vascular glands. S. 
glands, racemose glands secreting a clear serous secre- 
tion ; for example, the parotid. S. lay'er, embryonic 
area. S. mem'branes, membranes, serous. 
Serpe'do (serpo, to creep). Psoriasis. 
Ser'pens. Serpent. 
Ser'pent (serpo, to creep). A snake. Many ser- 
pents are venomous, and the bites of some fatal. See 
Poisons, table of. S. teeth, a term used with reference 
to the torsion of one or more of the incisors, resem- SERPENTARIA 
bling those of the ophidian reptiles. S. ul'cer, sin- 
uous ulcer of the cornea. 
Serpenta'ria (serpens, snake). Snake root. Rhizome 
and rootlets of Aristolochia serpentaria and S. reticu- 
lata. See Aristolochia serpentaria. S. Gallo'rum, Arum 
dracunculus. S. Hispan'ica, scorzonera. S. mi'nor, 
Arum maculatum. S. ni'gra, Actaea racemosa. S. 
Virginia'na, serpentaria. 
Serpenta'riae Brazilien'sis ra'dix. Caincae radix. 
S. ra'dix, see Aristolochia serpentaria. 
Serpenta'rin. See Aristolochia serpentaria. 
Ser'pentary root. Aristolochia serpentaria. 
Ser'pentine (serpens, serpent). See Ophites. 
Ser'pes (serpo, to creep). Herpes. 
Serpiginous, sur-pij'in-us (serpo, to creep). Epithet 
given to certain affections which creep, as it were, 
from one part to another, as serpiginous erysipelas. 
S. ul'cer, sinuous ulcer which seems to creep or crawl 
from one part of the surface to another. 
Serpigo, sur-pe'go (serpo, to creep). Herpes cir- 
cinatus ; lichen psoriasis. S. facie'i, herpes facialis. 
Serpil'lum (serpo, to creep). Thymus serpyllum. 
Serpul'lum. Thymus serpyllum. 
Serpyllum, sur-pil'lum (serpo, to creep). Thymus 
serpyllum. S. citra'tum, see Thymus serpyllum. 
Ser'ra. Saw. S. amputato'ria, saw, amputation. 
S. sal'via, wild sage; Artemisia frigida; antiperiodic. 
S. versat'ilis, trepan. 
Ser'rate su'ture. Suture between bones having 
saw-like edges which fit accurately together, as the 
cranial bones. 
Ser'rated (serra, saw). Dentate; saw-shaped. 
Serra'ti inter'ni. The infracostal muscles. 
Serratiform, ser-rat'i-form. Serrated. 
Serrat'ula (dim. of Serratus, saw-shaped) ama'ra. 
So called from the leaves, owing to their serrated 
shape. A species of sawwort, recommended in ague. 
S. be'hen, Centaurea behen. 
Serratus (serra, saw). Dentate. S. anti'cus, ser- 
ratus magnus. S. anti'cus ma'jor, serratus magnus. 
S. anti'cus mi'nor, pectoralis minor. S. inter'nus, 
the subcostal muscles, collectively. S. mag'nus (so 
called from its serrated appearance), a very broad 
(especially anteriorly), thin, flat, irregularly quadri- 
lateral muscle situate at the sides of the thorax. It 
is attached before to the external surface of the first 
eight or nine ribs by as many distinct digitations, and 
behind to the spinal edge of the scapula. The supe- 
rior fibres are almost horizontal; the lower become 
gradually more and more oblique upward and back- 
ward. This muscle carries the scapula forward, and 
causes it to execute a movement of rotation, ■which 
directs its inferior angle forward and the anterior 
upward. When the shoulder is fixed it raises the 
ribs. S. ma'jor, serratus magnus. S. ma'jor anti'- 
cus, serratus magnus. S. pal'sy or paral'ysis, palsy 
from lesion of the long thoracic nerve. S. posti'cus 
infe'rior, a broader and thinner muscle than the 
following, but nearly of the same shape. It is sit- 
uate . obliquely at the lower part of the back, ex- 
tending from the spinous processes of the last two 
or three dorsal vertebra; and the first two or three 
lumbar to the inferior margin of the last four false 
ribs. This muscle depresses the ribs, and thus con- 
curs in expiration. It is an antagonist to the next. 
S. posti'cus supe'rior, a flat, thin, quadrilateral 
muscle situate obliquely at the posterior inferior part 
of the neck and the superior part of the back. It 
passes from the posterior cervical ligament, from the 
spinous process of the last cervical vertebrae, from the 
spinous processes of the first two or three dorsal to the 
second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs, into which it is 
inserted by as many digitations. It raises the ribs, 
and is consequently an inspiratory muscle. 
Serre-fine (F. serrer, to press, fin, fine). A small 
spring forceps. It is formed of a wire of metal 
turned in the middle into two spirals, one in front 
of the other. This constitutes the spring. Each 
branch describes nearly the letter S, and one extrem- 
ity forms the spiral, the other lays hold of the parts 
to be united. 
1002 
SESAMOID 
Serre-noeud (F. serrer, to press, nceud, knot). Name 
given to various instruments employed by the sur- 
geon for tightening a ligature around a pediculated 
tumor or any part which has to be destroyed by 
ligature slowly and gradually. 
Series, an'gle of. The metafacial angle, that 
made by the pterygoid processes with the base of the 
cranium. S., den'tal glands of, see Tooth. 
Serto'li's col'umns. Eod-shaped nucleated masses 
bearing spermatoblasts in the testis. 
Ser'tula campa'na (dim. of Serta, garland). Tri- 
folium melilotus. 
Se'rum. Whey. The most watery portion of an- 
imal fluids, exhaled by serous membranes. It is a 
constituent part of blood, milk, etc. Also sperm. S. 
albu'men, that of blood-serum. S. of the blood is 
the liquid which separates from the blood when co- 
agulated at rest. It is of a greenish-yellow color, 
viscid, slightly coagulable by heat, acids, and alcohol. 
It is composed of wrater, of sodium chloride, certain 
phosphates, and albumen, constantly united to soda, 
almost in a saponaceous combination. The fluid 
which exudes from the albumen of the serum of the 
blood, when coagulated by heat, is by some called 
Serosity. S. ca'sein, serum globulin. S. cerebro- 
spina'le, cerebrospinal fluid. S. fibrin'ogen, proteid 
existing in blood-serum in small amount; supposed 
to assist in coagulation of the blood. S. glob'ulin, 
paraglobulin. S. lac'teum, serum lactis. S. lac'tis 
or lac'teum, Serum of milk, Whey; that part of milk 
from which the butter and caseous matter have been 
separated. It is a transparent, citrine-colored liquid 
containing sugar of milk, mucilage, acetic acid, phos- 
phate of calcium, and some other saline substances. 
It is used as a slightly nutritious diluent and refrig- 
erant. S. lac'tis ac'idum, acid whey. S. lac'tis 
alumina'tum, alum whey. S. lac'tis dul'ce, whey 
after neutralization of its free acid by an alkaline 
carbonate. Rennet whey is made thus: milk 2 pints, 
rennet §ss, infused in a little hot water; mix and 
keep in a gentle heat for some hours, then strain. S. 
san'guinis, serum of the blood. S. of se'rous mem'- 
branes, Water of dropsy, resembles the serum of the 
blood, especially in cases of hydrocele. The water 
of hydrothorax and ascites contains much less albu- 
men-sometimes enough to coagulate on the applica- 
tion of heat; at others, not. 
Se'rumal cal'culus. Tartar deposited on the teeth 
from serum proceeding from disease of the gums. 
Serumuria, se-rum-u're-ah. Albuminuria. 
Ser'vice, moun'tain. Sorbus aucuparia. S. tree, 
Sorbus domestica. 
Ser'vice-be'ing. Amelanchia Canadensis. 
Sesame, ses'am-e. Sesamum Indicum; leaves are 
officinal. S. oil, oil of sesamum. 
Sesami (ses'am-e) fo'lium. Sesamum. 
Ses'amoid (sesame, grain of sesamum, eidos, resem- 
blance) bod'ies. Small fibrocartilages of the digits, 
developing in the tendons. S. bones, small bones 
situate in the substance of tendons near certain 
joints. Their number is various. They are com- 
monly more in the male than female. Two are con- 
stantly met with beneath the metatarsophalangeal 
articulations of the great toe. Sometimes the articu- 
lations of other bones of the metatarsus with the 
phalanges of the toes have them likewise. In the 
hand there are two before the metacarpophalangeal 
joint of the thumb. At times they are met with in the 
other metacarpophalangeal articulations. Occasion- 
ally two exist behind the condyles of the femur, in the 
tendons of the gastrocnemii muscles. A considerable 
os sesamoideum is also met with in the tendon of the 
peronaeus longus. These bones are commonly round, 
and flattened only on one surface, which is encrusted 
with cartilage. Their size is very variable, accord- 
ing to the joints in which they exist. Sesamoid 
bones in infants are replaced by small cartilaginous 
concretions. Sesamoid bones are, like the patella 
(which is a true sesamoid bone), composed of much 
cellular substance, covered by a thin layer of com- 
pact tissue. The use of these bones is to allow the SESAMUM 
tendon to be inserted into the lever at a greater 
angle, and thus enable the power to act more advan- 
tageously. Two bony points sometimes met with-the 
one at the outer side of the carotid canal of the tem- 
poral bone, and the other at the edge of the cavernous 
sinus, at the side of the internal carotid artery-have 
also been called sesamoid bones. S. car'tilages, 
cartilages occurring in tendons under the same con- 
ditions as sesamoid bones. S. car'tilages of the 
lar'ynx, small nodules found in connection with the 
vocal cords. S. car'tilages of the nose, two small 
cartilaginous plates situate between the alar and 
triangular cartilages. 
Ses'amum. See Sesamum orientals. S. In'dicum, 
native of East Indies. This herb is cultivated for 
its seeds, from which oil is obtained. S. orienta'le, 
Benns, Oily grain. Seeds of this African plant, culti- 
vated in the Southern United States, have been used 
by the negroes with Indian corn as an article of food. 
They yield a larger proportion of oil than any other 
vegetable.. Benne oil, the oil of the seed, is used in 
the Southern States as a laxative. The leaves, Benne 
leaves, which are referred to Sesamum orientale and 
S. Indicum, afford, by infusion, an excellent mucilage. 
Sesba'nia grandiflo'ra. An Indian tree having a 
bark of astringent properties. 
Sescuncia, sesk-un'se-ah. An ounce and a half. See 
Sesqui. 
Seseli, ses'el-e. Laserpitium siler. S. iEgopo'- 
dium, Ligusticum podagraria. S. an'nuum, S. tor- 
tuosum. S. ca'rum, carum. S. car'vi, carum. S. 
cre'ticum, Tordylium officinale. S. fcenicullfo'lium, 
Sison ammi. S. grave'olens, Apium graveolens. S. 
me'um, 2Ethusa meum. S. pa'tens, S. tortuosum. 
S. praten'se, Peucedanum silaus. S. tortuo'sum, 
Hartwort of Marseilles ; seeds have a warm taste, and a 
greater degree of pungency than those of Laserpitium 
siler, which is the seseli of some of the pharmacopoeias. 
Ses'elis. Laserpitium siler. 
Ses'qui. This word, joined with any number, 
weight, measure, etc., signifies one and a half; as 
sesquigranum, a grain and a half. 
Sesqui-ox'ide of iron. FeaOs. Ferric oxide; ferri 
oxidum hydra turn. 
Sesquiuncia, ses-kwe-un'se-ah. Sescuncia. 
Ses'sile. Term applied to tumors having no 
pedicle. 
Se'ta equi'na {seta, bristle, equinus, horse). Horse- 
hair. Hairworm. Pale-brown worm from 4 to 6 
inches long, found in stagnant water and twisted 
into knots and contortions. It is common in the in- 
testines of the Laplanders, causing the colica Lap- 
ponica, in which the ;gripings are, at times, exceed- 
ingly severe. 
Setaceous, se-ta'se-us. Having hairs or bristles; 
hairy. 
Seta'ceum {seta, bristle). Seton. A long strip of 
fine linen or cotton twist, passed through the skin 
and areolar membrane to keep up an issue, or 
through suppurating cavities, between the fragments 
of fractured bones, etc. to fulfil certain 
The term is also applied to the issue so established. 
Setons are employed for the relief of obstinate oph- 
thalmia, cephalalgia, epilepsy, thoracic and abdominal 
affections, etc., but are not as much used as formerly. 
Setae siliquse hirsutae, se'te sil'ik-we hur-su'te. 
Cowhage. 
Setaria roccella, se-tah're-ah rok-sel'lah {seta, bris- 
tle). Lichen roccella. 
Set'fast. See Furunculus. 
Sethia acuminata, seth'e-ah ak-u-min-at'ah. An 
Indian tree belonging to the Lineae, the leaves of 
which have been used as a vermifuge. 
Se'ton. Setaceum. 
Setschenow's cen'tres. Eeflex inhibitory centres 
supposed to be situate in the basal ganglia and spi- 
nal cord. 
Set'terwort. Helleborus fcetidus. 
Set'ting a frac'ture. See Reduetion. 
Seutin's band'age. Ordinary muslin roller im- 
pregnated with starch. Starch bandage. 
1003 
SHAMPOOING 
Sevadil'la (S. sebadilla). Veratrum sabadilla. 
Sevatio, sev-ah'she-o (sevwm). Steatoma. 
Sev'en barks. Hydrangea arborescens. 
Sev'en-day disease. See Trismus. S.-d. fe'ver, 
relapsing or spirillum fever. 
Seventeen-day fe'ver. Eelapsing or spirillum 
fever. 
Seville or'ange. Bitter species of orange. 
Se'vum. Suet, mutton suet, the prepared suet of 
ovis aries. Pinguedo. S. bovi'num, tallow made 
from the ox. S. ce'ti (cetas, whale), cetaceum. S. 
ovil'lum, tallow made from the sheep. S. prse- 
para'tum, Prepared suet; formed by cutting suet 
in pieces, melting over a slow fire, and straining 
through linen. It is emollient, being boiled in milk 
( to Oj), and has been used in diarrhoea and dysen- 
tery. Its principal employment is in plasters. S. 
verveci'num, sevum. 
Sew'age. Term applied to system of sewers de- 
signed to carry away the filth of a community. Iron 
or earthen pipes are usually employed, and various 
systems have been devised. By the separate system is 
meant any system of sewers which excludes the rain- 
fall in whole or in part. Such systems are operated 
by means of flush-tanks, or by creating a partial 
vacuum in the pipes, and then drawing the sewage 
through. 
Sewer, su'er. Underground canal or pipe for con- 
veying away foul water, etc. from houses. 
Sew'er-gas. A combination of gases found in 
sewers. Its composition varies according to the con- 
tents of the sewers and other conditions. Sometimes 
it is highly toxic. 
Sex. The physical difference between male and 
female in animals and vegetables. 
Sexdig'ital. Possessing six fingers or toes. 
Sex'tan fe'ver. Malarial fever in which the par- 
oxysm occurs every sixth day. 
Sex'tans (sextus, sixth). Sixth part of a pound. 
Sexta'rius (sextus, sixth). An ancient measure for 
liquid and solid substances: sixth part of a congius 
or gallon. See Weights and Measures. 
Sextula, seks'tu-lah (sextus, sixth). Sixth part of 
an ounce. 
Sexual, seks'u-al (sexus, sex). That which relates 
to the sex or which characterizes the sex. S. act, coi- 
tion. S. diseases are the diseases of the sexual 
organs, as sexual functions are the genital functions. 
S. in'stinct, inver'sion of, sexual desire for one of 
the same sex. S. intercourse, coition. S. or'gans, 
genital organs. 
Sexual'ity. The characteristic marks of either sex. 
Sex'us. Sex. S. alter, see Sex. S. for'tior, see 
Sex. S. mulie'bris, see Sex. S. potior, see Sex. S. 
se'quior, see Sex. S. viri'lis, see Sex. 
Sexval'ent. Term to denote an element requiring 
six atoms of hydrogen to dissolve it. 
Shack'le. Carpus. 
Shack'le-hammed. See Cnemoscoliosis. 
Shad'bush. June-berry; Amelanchier Canadensis. 
Shad'dock. S. orange. Fruit of Citrus decumana, 
called after the captain of a vessel who first took it to 
the West Indies from China. It is large, inferior to 
the orange in flavor, but, as it keeps longer, is useful 
on long voyages. 
Shad'ow-test. See Skiascopy and Retinoscopy. 
Shaft of hair. Portion of hair exterior to the skin. 
Shag'bark. See Hickory. 
Shag'gy cho'rion. Villous chorion. 
Sha'kers. See Convulsionnaire. 
Shakes. Intermittent. 
Sha'king. Intermittent. See Rigor. S. pal'sy, 
paralysis agitans. 
Shallot'. Eschalot, a species of allium, employed 
in culinary preparations. 
Sham A'braham. See Abraham man. 
Shampoo'ing. Champooing, Chamboning, Massing, 
Massage. A Hindoo process which consists in press- 
ing the body of the bather in a peculiar manner, 
cracking the various joints, and employing blowsand 
friction. A variety of this was employed by the an- SHAMROCK 
cients in their baths. With the Romans the operators 
were called fricatores and tractores. Kneading con- 
sists in pressing alternately upon a part of the body 
to arouse the muscles to more energetic action. 
Massage is now very popularly employed in cases 
of nervous exhaustion as an adjuvant of the " rest 
cure," electrical treatment, etc. During the last 
few years it has been extensively studied and its 
various systems of procedure modified and improved, 
so as to be of service in a large number of medical and 
surgical cases. See Massage. 
Sham'rock, In'dian. Trillium latifolium. S., 
wa'ter, Menyanthes verna. 
Shank. Part of leg between ankle and knee. 
Shan'ker. Chancre. 
Shape. Vulva. 
Share'bone. Pubes. 
Shark oil. Fixed oil gotten from liver of several 
species of shark ; has been employed in place of cod- 
liver oil for the same therapeutic indications in which 
the latter is used. 
Sharp'ey's fi'bres. Penetrating connective-tissue 
fibres which run from the periosteum into the sub- 
stance of bones. 
Shave-grass. Equisetum hymenale. 
Shea-but'ter. Galam butter. 
Shealkanta oil. See Argemone Mexicana. 
Sheath. Vagina. S. of Hen'le, see Huxley's sheath. 
S., Hux'ley's, see Huxley's sheath. S. of op'tic nerve, 
a continuation of cerebral membranes upon the optic 
nerve. The dural and arachnoid coverings pass into 
the sclerotic, but the nerve pia passes on into the 
choroid coat. S. of Schwann, see Nerve-fibre. 
Shed'ding of the teeth. See Dentition. 
Sheep ber'ry. Viburnum lentigo. S. laurel, Kal- 
mia angustifolia. S. poi'son, Kalmia latifolia. S. 
pox, see Varicella. S. sor'rel, rumex acetosella. S. 
weed, soap-root; saponaria officinalis. 
Shell flow'er. Trillium latifolium. S. liq'uid, see 
Calcis murias. S. mem'brane, membrana testae. 
Shell'bark. See Hickory. 
Shep'herd's club. Ordinary mullein; Verbascum 
thapsus. S.'s purse, Thlaspi bursa. S.'s sun'-dial, 
Anagallis arvensis. 
Sherbet. Scherbet. S., or'ange, see Syrupus au- 
rantii. 
Sher'ry (Xeres, in Spain). Sack. See Wine. 
Shield, antither'mic. Device for preventing the 
cautery from destroying the tissues around the field 
of operation. S. fern, small plant of ord. Filices. S., 
wa'ter, Nelumbium luteum. 
Shield'bone. Scapula. 
Shikimi or Shikimin. Poisonous crystalline sub- 
stance in Illicium religiosum, a Japanese variety of 
star anise. 
Shima-mushi. A Japanese disease supposed to 
arise from sting of an insect. The symptoms have 
some resemblance to those of syphilis, and the affec- 
tion is marked by high fever. 
Shin. The spine or anterior part of the tibia or leg. 
Shin'bone. Tibia. 
Shin'gles (cingulum, girdle). Herpes zoster. S., 
brow, see Herpes zoster. 
Shin'leaf. Pyrola. 
Shin'lock. Brassica eruca. 
Ship fe'ver. See Typhus. 
Shirt-stud ab'scess. Form of abscess having a 
superficial cavity connected with a deeper one by a 
sinus. 
Shiv'ering. See Rigor. 
Shock. See Concussion. S., ner'vous, Neuroparal- 
ysis, Vital shock, Vital depression, Nervous depression, 
Fatal sinking. Sudden or instantaneous depression of 
organic, nervous, or vital power, often with more or 
less perturbation of body and mind, passing into re- 
action or into fatal sinking, occasioned by the nature, 
severity, or extent of an injury, or by an overwhelm- 
ing moral calamity. S., sec'ondary, that occurring 
after primary shock has passed away. S., vi'tai, 
nervous shock. 
Shod'dy disease or fe'ver. A disease of shoddy- 
1004 
SI ALOCIN ETICUS 
workers, attended by fever, dyspnoea, dry throat, and 
violent headache. 
Shoe, Scar'pa's. Shoe devised by Scarpa for recti- 
fying the deviation in talipes varus. 
Shoe'maker's cramp. See Cramp, writer's. 
Shoot. See Crick in the neck and Pain. 
Shore'weed. Aralia spinosa. 
Short. A word used, by anatomists, in opposition 
to long, to distinguish parts from each other that have 
otherwise the same name. Short bones, for example, 
are those in which the three dimensions-length, 
breadth, and thickness-are nearly alike; such are 
the vertebrae, bones of the carpus, tarsus, etc. S. 
car'damom, short, nearly round variety of cardamom 
seed. S. com'missure, commissura brevis. S. pro'- 
cess of in'cus, roundish process of incus attached to 
wall of tympanum. S. of puff, short-winded. S. 
ribs, see Costa. S. of wind, out of breath; easily 
put out of breath. The cause may be cardiac, pul- 
monary, from obesity, etc. 
Short-sight. See Myopia. 
Short-sight'ed. Myopic. 
Short- sight'edness. Myopia. 
Shot'bush. Aralia spinosa. 
Shot'gun prescription. A prescription containing 
many drugs of divers properties. S. quar'antine, 
prevention of traffic to or from yellow-fever districts 
by mob force. 
Shotted suture. See Suture. 
Shoul'der. Humerus. S. blade, scapula. S. bone, 
humerus. S. joint, scapulohumeral articulation. 
Shov'el pick'erel weed. Unisema deltifolia. S. 
pond, Unisema deltifolia. 
Show. See Parturition. 
Show'choo. See Spirit. 
Show'er-bath. See Bath. 
Shrap'nell's mem'brane. Membrana flaccida of 
the tympanic membrane. 
Shriv'el. To shrink to the degree of wrinkling 
of the surface. 
Shrub. A compound of spirits, lemon-juice, and 
sugar. S., sweet, calycanthus. S., sweet-scent'ed, 
calycanthus. 
Shrub'by tre'foil. Ptelea trifoliata. 
Shrump-shoul'dered. See Hump. 
Shud'dering. A peculiar sensation, felt either ex- 
ternally or internally, seeming to be the result of a 
spasmodic movement of the parts in which it occurs. 
A slight feeling of cold sometimes accompanies it. 
It is at times the result of a moral cause, and is often 
the precursor of shivering. 
Shu'mac. Ehus coriaria. 
Shut'tle-bone. See Scaphoid bone. 
Siagantritis, se-ag-an-tre'tis (sutron, cavity, itis, in- 
flammation). Inflammation of the lining membrane 
of the antrum of Highmore. 
Siagon, se'ag-on. Maxillary bone. 
Siagonagra, se-ag-on'ag-rah (siagon, agra, seizure). 
Gouty or rheumatic affection of the joint of the lower 
jaw. 
Sialachus, se-al'ak-us (sialon, saliva). Salivation. 
Sialaden, se-al'ad-en (sialon, saliva, aden, gland). 
Salivary gland. 
Sialadenitis, se-al-ad-en-e'tis (sialon, aden, gland, 
itis). Inflammation of a salivary gland. At times 
improperly written Syaladenitis. 
Sialadenoncus, se-al-ad-en-on'kus (sialon, saliva, 
onkos, tumor). Tumor of a salivary gland. 
Sialagogue, si-al'a-gog (sialon, ago, to drive). That 
which provokes the secretion of saliva. Pyrethrum 
and mercury are sialagogues. Sialagogues may be 
of two kinds-those acting through the circulation, 
and those acting immediately on the salivary organs. 
Sialica, se-al'ik-ah (sialon). Medicines which affect 
the salivary glands. 
Si'aline. Ptyalin. 
Sialismus, se-al-iz'mus. Salivation. 
Sialochous, se-al'o-kus (stalon, chuo, to pour). Sali- 
vation. 
Sialocineticus, se-al-o-sin-et'ik-us (szaZon, kineo, to 
move). Sialagogue. SIALOID 
Sialoid, se'al-oid. Having the nature of, or re- 
sembling, saliva. 
Sialolithi, se-al-ol'ith-e (sialon, lithos, stone). Sali- 
vary calculi. 
Sialolithiasis, se-al-o-lith-e'as-is (sialon, saliva, 
lithos, stone). The production of salivary calculi. 
Sialolog'ia (sialon, logos, discourse). Treatise on 
saliva. 
Si'alon. Saliva. 
Sialoncus, se-al-on'kus (sialon, saliva, onkos, tumor). 
Tumor from obstruction of the salivary ducts, as from 
calculus. 
Sialorrhoea, se-al-or-rhe'ah (sialon, rheo, to flow). 
Salivation. Abnormal flow of saliva. 
Si'alos. Saliva. 
Sialoschesis, se-al-os'kes-is. Retention or suppres- 
sion of the saliva. 
Sialosyrin'ges (sialon, surinx, pipe). Salivary As- 
tute. 
Sialozemia, se-al-o-za'me-ah (sialon, zemia, loss). 
Salivation. S. mercuria'lis, salivation, mercurial. 
Si'amese twins. See Twins. 
Sibare, sib'ar-e. Phrenitis. 
Sib'bens. Name applied to a violent type of syph- 
ilis, especially marked by skin eruptions of great se- 
verity, which occurred in epidemic form in Scotland 
during the 17th and 18th centuries. Siwin is the 
Celtic name for raspberry, and the name sibbens is 
said to have been derived from it; because of the fun- 
goid eruption on the skin which resembled a rasp- 
berry. 
Siberian (si-be're-an) plague. Anthrax. 
Si'bi. Elephantiasis or other extensive tumor of 
the leg (Fiji). 
Sibilant, sib'il-ant (sibilo, to hiss, to whistle), 
Making a hissing or whistling sound. See Rdle, 
sibilant. 
Sibilismus aurium, sib-il-iz'mus aw're-um. See 
Tinnitus aurium. 
Sib'ilus. Sibilant. S. au'rium, see Tinnitus au- 
rium. 
Sic'cant. Drying. 
Siccantia, sik-kan'she-ah (sicco, to dry). Drying 
medicines. See Desiccativa. 
Siccatio, sik-kah'she-o. The act of drying. 
Siccative, sik'ka-tiv. Drying. 
Sicchasia, sik-kah'se-ah. Distressing disgust for 
food, such as is experienced by pregnant women. 
Sicilicum, sis-il'ik-um. A Roman weight of about 
two drachms. 
Sick. Diseased, Distempered, III, Ailing, Disordered. 
Laboring under disease. In most parts of the United 
States, if a patient is affected with a slight indisposi- 
tion he is said to be sick; if with one more severe, 
he is said to be ill. In England it commonly means 
affected with disorder of the stomach or nausea. A 
sick person under the charge of a physician is said to 
be a patient or the patient of the physician. At 
times patient is used for a sick person in the abstract. 
S. gid'diness, a condition between sick headache and 
epilepsy in appearance and symptoms, not in path- 
ology. S. head'ache, migraine; headache accom- 
panied with disordered stomach. S. storn'ach, nau- 
sea ; milk sickness. 
Sick'le-weed. Smartweed. 
Sicklewort. Brunella vulgaris; astringent shrub. 
Sick'ly. Morbulent, Unhealthy. Subject to sickness 
or in feeble health. Ailing. 
Sick'ness. Disease: plague; nausea. See Sick. S., 
bad, of Cey'lon, beriberi. S., fall'ing, epilepsy. S., 
month'ly, menstruation. S., moun'tain, puna. S. 
rate, ratio of sickness to the population in any local- 
ity. S., rlv'er, milk sickness. S., sea, nausea ma- 
rina. S. of the stom'ach, vomiting. S., swamp, 
milk sickness. 
Siclium, sik'le-um. Sicilicum. 
Slcua, sik'u-ah. Cupping-glass. 
Sicula, sik'u-lah. Penis. 
Sicye'don. Cauledon. 
Sic'yos. Cucumis sativus. 
Slda, se'dah. Genus of plants belonging to ord. 
1005 
SIGMOID 
Malvaceae. S. abu'tilon, Abutilon avicennse. S. re- 
tu'sa, E. Indian plant, used in rheumatism and con- 
sumption and as a sudorific. The leaves are used 
externally as poultices for snake-bites and the stings 
of venomous insects. S. spino'sa, indigenous to the 
tropics, but growing in the U. S. Possesses demul- 
cent properties. 
Sid'dons fe'ver. See Fever, Siddons. 
Side. In medicine, half of the body. Also applied 
to half of symmetrically bilateral organs. S., pain 
in the, pleurodynia. 
Side'bone. Ilium. 
Sideratio, sid-er-ah'she-o (sidus, star, because the 
condition was thought to be produced by the influence 
of the stars). The state of one struck suddenly, 
and without apparent cause, and as if by the influ- 
ence of the stars or planets-planet-struck. The an- 
cients comprised under this name different morbid 
conditions, as paralysis, apoplexy, gangrene, asphyxia, 
and phrenitis. S. os'sis, spina ventosa. 
Sideration, sid-er-a'shun. Action of the stars upon 
a person ; hence apoplexy. See Sideratio. 
Siderion, sid-a're-on {siderion, iron tool). Surgical 
instrument made of iron. 
Siderites, sid-er-e'tees (sideros). Magnet. 
Sideritis, sid-er-e'tis. Magnet; Teucrium chamse- 
pitys. 
Siderokrense, sid-er-o-kre'ne (sideros, krene, spring). 
Water, mineral (chalybeate). 
Sideropegse, sid-er-o-pa'ge {sideros, pege, spring). 
Water, mineral (chalybeate). 
Sideros, sid-a'ros. Iron. 
Siderosis, sid-er-o'sis (sideros, iron). A disease re- 
sulting from the inhalation of iron-dust, similar in 
morphology, etc. to anthracosis resulting from inha- 
lation of coal-dust. Discoloration of various internal 
organs from the influence of iron in the pigmentary 
deposit. 
Sideroxylon, sid-er-oks'il-on {sideros, xulon, wood). 
Chrysophyllum cainito. 
Sidesad'dle plant. Sarracenia. 
Siegesbeckia (se-ges-beck'e-ah) orienta'lis. A 
small composite plant growing in hot climates. It 
has been used as an alterative, and also as a sudorific, 
and as an external application to various forms of 
ulceration. 
Siegle's (se'gel's) o'toscope. Instrument devised to 
create a vacuum in the external meatus, permitting 
at the same time a view of the membrana tympani. 
Siellsmus, se-el-iz'mus. Salivation. 
Sielon, se'el-on. Saliva. 
Sier'ra Leone' fe'ver. See Fever, Sierra Leone. S. 
sal'via, Artemisia fragula. 
Sieve. See Cribration. S. drum, see Cribration. 
Sigaul'tian opera'tion or sec'tion (after Dr. J. R. 
Sigault, a French physician). Symphyseotomy. 
Sige, se'ga. Taciturnity. 
Sigh. Suspirium. 
Sight. Vision. S. askew', vision only accurate 
when the object is placed obliquely. S., day, hemer- 
alopia. S., false, metamorphopsia; pseudoblepsia. 
S., fee'bleness of, amblyopia. S., long, hyperopia. 
S., night, nyctalopia. S., short, myopia. 
Sight'less. Blind. 
Sigillation, sij-il-la'shun (sigillum, seal). Mark of 
a cicatrix. 
Sigillum (sij-il'lum) (signum, mark) Salamo'nis 
(Solomon's seal). Convallaria polygonatum. S. vir- 
ginita'tis, hymen. 
Sigmatism, sig'mat-ism. Condition of speech in 
which the pronunciation of the letter s is defective 
or deficient. 
Sigmatoid, sig'mat-oid. Sigmoid. 
Sig'moid {sigma, eidos, resemblance). Sigmoidal, 
Sigmatoid. Having the form of the Greek 2, or of c, 
an old form of sigma. S. ar'tery, branch of inferior 
mesenteric, supplying sigmoid flexure of colon. S. 
car'tilages, semilunar cartilages. S. cath'eter, an 
s-shaped female catheter. S. cav'ities of the fos'sse 
of the ul'na, Sinus lunati; two notches at the upper 
part of that bone-one for the reception of the hu- SIGN 
merus, the other for that of the radius. The articu- 
lar surface on inner side of lower end of radius is also 
termed sigmoid cavity. S. flex'ure of the co'lon is a 
turn the colon takes immediately before terminating 
in the rectum; see Colon. S. folds, those caused by 
circular muscular fibres of the colon. S. fos'sa (of 
the temporal bone), fossa sigmoidea. S. mesoco'lon, 
see Mesocolon. S. of semilu'nar valves are three 
valvular folds at the commencement of the pulmo- 
nary artery and aorta. These valves have the form of 
a crescent when applied against the parietes of the 
vessel. When the blood is sent from the ventricles 
by their contraction, the valves are applied against 
the sides of the vessel; but during the diastole of 
the ventricle they are depressed, and prevent the 
blood from returning to the heart. At the middle of 
the convexity of each valve is a small, hard, triangu- 
lar granulum, called corpusculum or globulus Arantii, 
which completely closes up the passage. It is also 
called corpusculum Morgagnii and C. sesamoideum. 
S. si'nus, portion of lateral sinus between tentorium 
and jugular vein. S. val'ves, semilunar valves of 
the heart. 
Sign, sine. Any present or past circumstance 
afforded by the examination of a patient or of mat- 
ters concerning him, whence a conclusion may be 
drawn regarding the nature and seat of his disease. 
The phenomena preceding the disease are called anam- 
nestic or commemorative signs; those which accom- 
pany it are termed diagnostic if they reveal the 
nature or seat of the disease ; prognostic when they 
indicate its probable duration and termination. See 
Symptom. 
Signa, sig'nah. In prescriptions signa or S., its 
symbol, means mark, being the directions to the pa- 
tient to be placed on the label. S. assiden'tia, ac- 
companying, concomitant, or accessory symptoms. 
Sig'nal symp'tom. A symptom, such as pain, tin- 
gling, or unusual motion, that gives warning of some 
lesion, as of disease or lesion of the great nervous 
centres. 
Signature, sig'nat-ure (signum, sign). Term applied 
in the Eastern countries, in the Middle Ages, to mys- 
tic characters of good or bad augury, with which it 
was pretended that every one was marked by the 
star under which he was born. Signatures of plants 
meant certain peculiarities in their external forma- 
tion or color showing that they were adapted for 
particular diseases. 
Sig'num. Sign; see Parturition. S. characteris'- 
ticum, see Pathognomonic. S. conjunc'tum, see Path- 
ognomonic. S. diacrit'icum, differential symptom of 
disease. S. mor'bi essentia'le, see Pathognomonic. 
Sikeranine, sik-er-an'een. Hyoscine. 
Sikimine, sik'im-een. Poisonous principle con- 
tained in fruit of Illicium religiosum. 
Sik'ka. Chique. 
Silene (sil-a'na) crassifo'lia. Cucubalus behen. 
S. infla'ta, Cucubalus behen. S. Pennsylva'nica, see 
Silene Virginica. S. tho'rei, Cucubalus behen. S. 
Virgin'ica, Ground pink, Wild pink, Catchfly; ord. 
Caryophyllacese. The root has been employed in de- 
coction as an efficacious anthelmintic. Silene Penn- 
sylvanica probably has the same properties. 
Siler lancifolium, se'ler lan-se-fo'le-um. Laserpi- 
tium siler. S. monta'num, Laserpitium siler. 
Silica, sil'ik-ah. SiC>2. Dioxide of silicon, occur- 
ring in nature in nearly all kinds of rock and min- 
erals. It has been used as a dentifrice. 
Silicas, sil'ik-as. Silicate. S. potas'sii, potassium 
silicate. S. so'dii, sodium silicate. 
Sil'icate (silicas). Any salt formed by silicic acid. 
Silicic (sil-is'ik) ac'id. IDSiCh. This acid is only 
known by its combinations and in solutions. 
Silicious, sil-ish'us. Resembling or of the nature 
of silica. 
Silicium, sil-is'e-um. Silicon. 
Silicon, sil'ik-on. An elementary form of matter, 
existing in nature in combination, in form of silica 
(SiCh) and the silicates. It does not exist in the free 
state. 
1006 
SIM ONE A FOLLICULORUM 
Siliqua, sil'ik-wah. The carat; a weight of about 
four grains; a pod. S. Arabica, tamarindus. S. 
ar'aci aromat'ica, see Vanilla. S. banillae, see Va- 
nilla. S. dul'cis, Ceratouium siliqua. S. vanig'liae, 
see Vanilla. S. vanil'lise, see Vanilla. 
Siliquas'trum Plin'ii (siliqua, pod). Capsicum 
annuum. 
Silk. Sericum. S. grass, Yucca filamentosa. S. 
weed, Asclepias Sullivantii, Asclepias tuberosa. S. 
weed, com'mon, Asclepias Syriaca. S. weed, flesh- 
colored, Asclepias incarnata. S. weed, swamp, Ascle- 
pias incarnata. S. worm, see Sericum. 
Sil'lns or Si'lo (sillos). One who has a short, 
stumpy nose. 
Silphium, sil'fe-um (silphion). Laserpitium. S. 
lacinia'tum, Rosinweed, Compass plant, Polar plant, S. 
perfolia'tum, Cup plant, Turpentine sunflower, and 
S. terebinthina'ceum, Prairie burdock, ord. Compos- 
ite, indigenous in Ohio and Michigan, yield a fra- 
grant gum which is esteemed stimulant and anti- 
spasmodic. 
Silphologic, sil-fo-loj'ic. Term applied to diseases 
the symptoms of which are marked by other symp- 
toms or circumstances. Larval. 
Silurus glanis, sil-u'rus glan'is. See Ichthyocolla. 
Silus, sil'us (sillos). See Silins. 
Sil'ver. Argentum. S. and ammo'nia, chlo'ride 
of, see Argentum. S. and ammo'nia, cblo'ruret of, 
see Argentum. S., ammoniochlo'ride of, see Argentum. 
S., chlo'ride of, see Argentum. S., chlo'ruret of, see 
Argentum. S., cy'anide of, see Argentum. S., cyan'- 
uret of, see Argentum. S. fir, Abies pectinata. S., 
i'odide of, see Argentum. S., io'duret of, see Argentum. 
S. leaf, Magnolia macrophylla. S., mu'riate of, see 
Argentum. S., ni'trate of, argenti nitras. S. o'leate, 
see Oleate. S., ox'ide of, see Argentum. S. and so'da, 
hyposul'phite of, sodii et argenti hyposulphis. S. 
stain, argyria. S. wat'tle, Acacia dealbata, native of 
Australia. It is one of the species furnishing Austra- 
lian gum. S. weed, a small herb, Potentilla anserina. 
Silver-fork deformity. A peculiar deformity 
characteristic of some forms of fracture of the 
lower extremity of the radius. 
Silves'ter's meth'od of restoring suspend'ed 
anima'tion. This consists in placing the patient on 
the back, pulling the tongue forward; then drawing 
the arms slowly over the head, by which means the 
ribs are elevated by the pectoral muscles and the 
chest is enlarged. The arms are now to be brought 
down to the side of the chest, which must be made 
to compress slightly. These movements must be re- 
peated so as to stimulate respiration. See Drowning, 
resuscitation from. 
Silybum, sil'e-bum. Carduus marianus. S. mac- 
ula'tum, Carduus marianus. S. maria'num, Carduus 
marianus. 
Simaba, sim-ah'bah. Genus of Simarubae. S. ce'- 
dron, a S. American tree, the seeds of which-cedron 
seeds-have been used as an antidote for snake-bites, 
in mental diseases, and in epilepsy. The scrapings 
of the wood have been used as a substitute for sul- 
phate of quinia. S. ferrugin'ea, similar in proper- 
ties to S. cedron; native of Brazil. S. quassioi'des, 
Nima quassioides. 
Simarouba, sim-ar-oo'bah. Quassia simarouba. S., 
bit'ter, Quassia simarouba. 
Slmaruba, sim-ar-u'bah. Quassia simarouba. S. 
ama'ra, S. officinalis. S. excel'sa, see Quassia. S. 
glau'ca, S. medicinalis. S. Guianen'sis, S. officina- 
lis. S. medicinalis, native of Florida, Central 
America, and West India Islands. S. officinalis, a 
tropical tall tree, Quassia simarouba. 
Similatio, sim-il-ah'she-o (similis, like). Assimila- 
tion. 
Similia similibus curantur, sim-il'e-ah sim-il'ib-us 
ku-ran'tur (like are cured by like). See Homoeopathy. 
Simitium, sim-ish'e-um. Plumbi subcarbonas. 
Simo, se'mo (simas). One who has a short, stumpy 
nose. 
Simo'nea folliculo'rum (after Simon, a German 
dermatologist). Acarus folliculorum. SIMON'S OPERATION 
Sl'mon's operation. An operation for repair of 
complete rupture of the perineum by means of su- 
tures, the mucous membrane of the rectum being 
first approximated by a line of sutures tied in the rec- 
tum, following which the external sutures are in- 
serted and the parts brought together. 
Simotrachelus, sim-o-trak-a'lus (simos, bent short, 
trachelos, neck). Morbid shortness or stiffness of the 
neck. 
Sim'pie (opposite to compound). A medicinal herb. 
One skilled in simples is called a simplist or simpler. 
" To simple" and " to cull simples" signify to gather 
medicinal herbs. Used in pharmacy to denote cer- 
tain uncomplicated preparations. S. ce'rate, ceratum 
(Ph. U. S.). S. chol'era, sporadic cases of the disease. 
S. contin'ued fe'ver, a continuous fever, presenting 
no obvious lesion nor any characteristic temperature 
curve of any other disease. S. elix'ir, elixir aurantii. 
S. oint'ment, lard, 80; yellow wax, 20 parts; heat and 
mix (U. S. P.). S. syr'up, sugar, 65; water, 35 parts; 
mix (U. S. P.). S. tis'sues, term applied to tissues 
all the cells of which are alike in morphological 
structure. 
Sim'pler. See Simple. 
Sim'pler's joy. Verbena hastata. 
Sim'ples. Medicinal herbs. See Simple. 
Sim'plist. See Simple. 
Simp'son's operation. Division of cervix uteri 
on both sides. S.'s trac'tor, device furnished with 
india-rubber cup with attached pump. This is ap- 
plied to the fcetal head, the air exhausted, and then 
delivery is assisted by traction. 
Sims's depress'or. Coarse wire loop for depressing 
the anterior wall of the vagina during examinations. 
S.'s feed'er, instrument devised by Sims to aid in pass- 
ing sutures obliquely through tissues; especially useful 
in operations about the mucus-lined cavities of the 
body. S.'s posi'tion, the patient lies upon the side 
and chest; the arm next to the table is drawn behind 
the patient, thus facilitating examination of the vagina 
or rectum. S.'s shield, instrument having a semicir- 
cular piece at its extremity; used to facilitate intro- 
duction and fastening of wire sutures. S.'s spec'- 
ulum, a form of vaginal speculum; also called duck- 
bill speculum from shape of the blades. It consists 
of two blades at right angles to, either end of a fixed 
piece, thus enabling one to be used as a handle while 
the other exposes the vaginal wall. 
Sim'ulated diseases. Feigned diseases. 
Simulati morbi, sim-u-lat'e mor'be. Feigned dis- 
eases. 
Simula'tion (simulo, to feign). Feigning of disease; 
malingering. See Feigned diseases. 
Sim'ulo. Capparis coriacea, a species of hyssop. 
Slmus, se'mus. See Sillus. 
Sin, beset'ting. Masturbation. 
Sina Levantica, se'nah lev-an'tik-ah. Artemisia 
sautonica. 
Sinal'bin. Crystalline principle obtained from 
seeds of Sinapis alba : C30H44N2S2O16. 
Sinapeleeon, sin-ap-el-e'on (sinapis, elaion, oil). Oil 
impregnated with mustard. 
Sina'pi. Sinapis. 
Sina'pine. An alkaloid from both kinds of Sinapis. 
Sina'pis. Napy, Common black mustard. Ord. Cru- 
ciferse. Seeds are inodorous when entire; when 
bruised, the odor is very pungent; taste bitterish and 
acrid. They yield their virtues to water, and afford a 
bland oil by expression. The seeds are stimulant, diu- 
retic, emetic, and rubefacient. They are sometimes 
recommended to be swallowed whole in dyspepsia, 
torpor of the bowels, etc. Externally, they are ap- 
plied in the form of cataplasm. S. al'ba, White mus- 
tard, also is used medicinally. It is somewhat less 
pungent than the black. The distilled oil, Oleum 
sinapis, Oil of mustard, is a powerful stimulant and 
rubefacient. The seeds of Sinapis nigra and Sinapis 
alba are officinal. Flour of mustard, generally called 
mustard, is the powder obtained from the seeds of 
both varieties; see Sinapism. S. arven'sis, Charlock, 
Wild mustard, Garlock, Chadlock, Runsh; the seeds are 
1007 
SINUS 
sometimes substituted for black mustard. S. cer'- 
nua, sinapis. S. eru'ca, Brassica eruca. S. folio'sa, 
S. alba. S. In'dica, Indian mustard. S. jun'cea, 
species growing in India and southern part of Russia; 
Russian mustard or sarepta. S. ni'gra, see Sinapis. 
S. oliveria'na, sinapis. S. tamoria'na, S. arvensis. 
S. tubero'sa, Brassica rapa. 
Sin'apism (sinapis, mustard). A cataplasm of 
which mustard forms the basis, being used for exciting 
redness and as a counter-irritant. It is prepared by 
mixing flour of mustard and vinegar or water together 
to the due consistence. See Cataplasma sinapis. A 
sinapized paper, first prepared by a French pharma- 
cien, and said to be more certain than a cataplasm 
made with flour of mustard, consisted in extracting 
the fixed oil while retaining the rubefacient principle. 
Such convenient papers are now in common use. See 
Charta sinapis. 
Slnapismus, sin-ap-iz'mus. Sinapism. Mustard 
cataplasm. 
Sin'apized paper. See Sinapism and Charta sinapis. 
Sincipital, sin-sip'it-al. Relating to the sinciput. 
S. an'gle, angle made by the facial line at its intersec- 
tion with a line drawn from root of nose to middle 
point of spheno-occipital suture of skull. 
Sin'ciput (semi, half, caput, head, or summum caput, 
top of the head). Sincipital region; Synciput. The 
French use it synonymously with vertex (mesocra- 
nium or mesocranum). By some it is applied to the 
frontal region or fore part or fore half of the cranium 
(hemicephalium, hemicephalum). The parietal bones 
have been called sincipital bones, ossa sincipitis. 
Sinde boil. An endemic form of ulcer occurring 
chiefly in hot countries. It is probably mycotic in 
origin. 
Sinepi, sin-a'pe. Sinapis. 
Sinew, sin'yu. Tendon or ligament. 
Singultous, sin-gul'tus (singultus, hiccough). Re- 
lating to or affected with hiccough. 
Singultus, sin-gul'tus. A noise made by the sudden 
and involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, and 
the simultaneous contraction of the glottis arresting 
the air in the trachea. It is a symptom of many 
morbid conditions, and especially of gangrene, but 
occurs frequently in persons otherwise in good health. 
Also a sob. 
Sinigrin, sin-ig'rin. Substance allied to sinalbin 
found in seeds of Sinapis nigra; chemically it is a 
myronate of potassium, C10H18NS2KO10. 
Sin'istrad (sinister, to the left hand). A term used 
adverbially to signify " toward the sinistral aspect." 
See Mesial. 
Sinis'tral as'pect. See Mesial. 
Sinistrin, sin-is'trin. Gummy substance derived 
from squill. 
Sinking, adynam'ic. See Adynamic. S., fa'tai, 
shock, nervous. S., ty'phoid, see Adynamic. 
Sinuositas, sin-u-os'it-as. Sinus. 
Sinuous, sin'u-us. Epithet given to certain ulcers, 
and especially to certain fistulas and sinuses which 
are tortuous. 
Si'nus. Any cavity the interior of which is more 
expanded than the entrance. In this sense anato- 
mists have applied the term to cavities in certain 
bones of the head and face. It has been applied to 
certain venous canals into which a number of vessels 
empty themselves, such as the sinuses of the dura 
mater and of the spine, the sinus of the vena porta, 
uterine sinuses, etc., and to the bosom and the vulva. 
In surgery it means a long, narrow, hollow track lead- 
ing from an abscess, diseased bone, etc. Sinuses of 
bones form part of the nasal cavities. They are the 
frontal, sphenoidal, maxillary, etc. The name has 
also been given occasionally to the ethmoid and mas- 
toid cells. S. acus'ticus, auditory canal, internal. S. 
a'lae par'vse, S. sphenoparietalis. S. ampulla'ceus, 
dilatation at one end of the semicircular canals of the 
ear. S. anterio'res, lateral ventricles of the brain. 
S. aor'tici, sinuses of Valsalva. S. arachnoidaTis, 
expansions of subarachnoid spaces. S. arterio'sus, S. 
pulmonalis. S. art'lii, recessus sacci lacrymalis. S. SINUS 
atlan'tis, notch upon upper surface of atlas. 8., ba'sl- 
lar, sinus transversus. S. basila'ris poste'rior, S. 
occipitalis. S. of the bulb, enlarged portion of 
urethra at the position of the bulb. S. cana'lis 
vertebra'lis, veins of spinal canal. 8. carot'icus 
veno'sus, prolongation of cavernous sinus within 
carotid canal. S. caverno'si u'teri, sinus uterini. 
S. caverno'sus, cavernous sinus. S. ca'vi cra'nii, 
sinus durse matris. S. cer'ebri, ventricles of the 
brain. S. cervica'lis, sulcus of embryo appearing 
about the fourth week, and caused by the difference 
in development of the branchial arches. 8., cir'- 
cular, of Rid'ley, sinus coronarius. S. circula'ris, 
S. coronarius. S. circula'ris foram'inis mag'ni, sinus 
partially surrounding foramen magnum, formed by 
confluence of the two marginal sinuses. 8. circu- 
la'ris foram'inis occipita'lis, S. circularis foraminis 
magni. S. circula'ris infe'rior, inferior intercav- 
ernous sinus. S. circula'ris i'ridis, Canal of Schlemm; 
a minute canal between the sclerotic coat of the eye 
and the ciliary ligament. S. coch'lese, vein passing 
through aquseductus cochleae from cochlea, emptying 
into internal jugular vein. 8. colum'nse vertebra'- 
lis, anterior spinal veins. S. commu'nis, see Semicir- 
cular canals. S. commu'nis vena'rum cardi'acum, 
S., coronary venous. S. condylo'rum ante'rior, 
fossa of the patella. 8. corona'rius, Circular sinus 
of Ridley, Coronary sinus; a venous canal surround- 
ing, in a more or less regular manner, the pituitary 
fossa and gland, emptying itself into the correspond- 
ing cavernous sinus by each of its extremities. 8., 
cor'onary, sinus coronarius. 8., cor'onary, of the 
heart, sinus, coronary venous. 8., cor'onary ve'- 
nous, Coronary sinus of the heart; a name given, on 
account of its great size, to that portion of the great 
coronary vein embracing the left auriculoventricular 
furrow. S. coronoi'deus, S. circularis. S. costa'- 
les, facets for reception of costocartilages upon sides 
of sternum. 8. cox'se, see Cotyloid. S. dex'ter cor'- 
dis, right auricle of the heart; see Auricula. S. duc'- 
tum lactifero'rum, ampull® of the ducts of the mam- 
mary gland. 8. du'rse ma'tris, sinus formed by the 
dura mater. 8. ellip'ticus, S. circularis. 8. epi- 
didym'idis, furrow between testis and epididymis. 
8. falcifor'mis infe'rior, see Sinuses, longitudinal. 8. 
falcifor'mis supe'rior, see Sinuses, longitudinal. S. 
fos'sse basila'ris, transverse sinus. 8., fourth, tor- 
cular Herophili. S. fronta'les, frontal sinuses. S. 
ge'nse pituita'rius, antrum of Highmore. 8. geni- 
ta'lis, an embryonic cavity, formed by the union of 
the Wolffian and Mullerian ducts, which develops in 
females into the vagina and uterus, while in males 
it becomes the prostatic vesicle. S. intercaverno'si, 
S. circularis. S. of the ju'gular vein, see Jugular 
veins. S. lacryma'lis, lacrymal sac. S. lactif'eri 
secunda'rii, ampullae of mammary ducts without 
the areola. S. lactif'erus, see Lactiferous vessels. 8. 
larynge'i, ventricles of the larynx. S. latera'lis, 
lateral sinus. S. latera'lis si'nus superio'ris, lacunae 
surrounding Pacchionian bodies. S. longitudina'lis 
cer'ebri, S. longitudinalis superior. S. longitudina'- 
lis colum'nse vertebra'lis, longitudinal meningo- 
rachidian veins. 8. longitudina'lis supe'rior, supe- 
rior or great longitudinal sinus. 8. luna'tus, lesser 
sigmoid cavity of ulna, articulating with head of 
radius. S. luna'tus ra'dii, sigmoid cavity of radius 
articulating with lower extremity of ulna. 8., lymph, 
see Lymph. S. mag'ni, sinuses, lateral. S. Mai'eri 
or of Maier, diverticulum of the lacrymal sac. 8. 
margina'lis, marginal sinus. 8., max'illary, antrum 
of Highmore. S. max'imus, olecranon fossa. 8. 
max'imus aor'tse, sinus of aorta. 8., me'dian, see 
Semicircular canals. S. mediastinocosta'lis, union 
of mediastinal and costal portions of pleural sac. S. 
Morgag'nii, ventricles of the larynx. S. muco'sl, 
see Urethra. 8. mulie'bris, vagina. S. obli'quus, S. 
rectus. S., occip'ital, these sinuses commence at the 
sides of the foramen magnum of the occipital bone, 
and ascend-becoming broader and nearer each other 
-into the substance of the falx cerebelli, where they 
frequently unite. Each opens into the inferior part 
1008 
SINUS 
of the torcular Herophili. They receive the veins of 
the falx cerebelli, of the dura mater lining the fossae 
cerebelli, and of the posterior part of the cerebellum. 
Haller and Sommering have named them posterior 
occipital sinuses, to distinguish them from the trans- 
verse sinus, which they have called anterior occipital 
sinus. S. occipitalis ante'rior, sinus transversus. S., 
ophthal'mic, see Cavernous sinus. S. ophthalmope- 
tro'sus, occasional communication between ophthal- 
mic vein and superior petrosal sinus. S. ova'tus, 
see Crista vestibuli. S. pericardiacocostaTis, left S. 
mediastinocostalis. S. perpendicula'ris, S. quartus. 
S., pe'tro-occip'ital, supe'rior, inferior petrosal sinus. 
S. pe'tro-occipita'lis infe'rior, name suggested for 
veins occupying petro-occipital suture outside the cra- 
nium; it connects the inferior petrosal with the 
cavernous sinus. S. petrososquamo'sus, groove at 
times observed along the petrosquamous suture within 
the skull. S. petro'sus infe'rior, inferior petrosal 
sinus. S. petro'sus me'dius, an occasional commu- 
nication between superior and inferior petrosal 
sinuses. S. petro'sus profun'dis, inferior petrosal 
sinus. S. petro'sus supe'rior, superior petrosal 
sinus. S. phrenicocosta'lis, the furrow of the pleural 
sac formed by junction of its costal and diaphrag- 
matic portions. S. phrenicomediastina'lis, furrow 
formed by junction of diaphragmatic and mediasti- 
nal portions of the pleural sac. S. pituita'rii fron'- 
tis, frontal sinuses. S., placen'tal, see Placenta. S. 
pleu'rae, S. pericardiacocostalis, S. mediastinocosta- 
lis, S. phrenicocostalis, S. phrenicomediastinalis. S. 
pocula'rls, see Ejaculatory ducts. S. polymor'phus, 
cavernous sinus. S. porta'rum, see Liver and Porta 
vena. S. prsecervica'lis, sac of embryo, due to in- 
vagination of posterior branchial arches; also S. 
cervicalis. S. prostat'icus, see Ejaculatory ducts. 
S. puden'di, vagina. S. pudo'ris, vagina; vulva. S. 
pulmona'les, sinuses of Valsalva. S. pulmona'lis, 
left auricle of the heart; see Auricula. S. of the 
pul'monary veins, left auricle. S., pyram'idal or 
pyr'iform, a pyramidal space-the laryngopharyn- 
geal or lateral pharyngeal sulcus, sinus, or fossa-con- 
tinuous with the pharynx and sloping down to the 
entrance of the oesophagus. S. pyrifor'mes, sinus, 
pyramidal. S. quar'tus, Straight sinus. This sinus- 
triangular throughout, wide posteriorly, narrower 
anteriorly, slightly oblique downward and backward 
-passes along the base of the falx cerebri from the 
termination of. the inferior longitudinal sinus to the 
torcular Herophili. It receives the inferior longitu- 
dinal sinus, the veins of the lateral ventricles or 
vena Galeni, the superior cerebellous veins, etc. S. 
quar'tus aor'tse, sinus of aorta. S. rec'tus, straight 
sinus. S. re'num, pelvis of the kidney. S. re- 
u'niens, large venous cavity of embryo formed by 
union of veins just before they pass into the heart. 
S. rhomboi'deus, see Ventricles of the brain. S. Rid'- 
leyi, S. circularis. S. rotun'dus, see Crista vestibuli. 
S. sagitta'les, S. longitudinales. S. of Santori'ni, bul- 
bus vestibuli and cavernous body of the vagina. S. 
Schlem'mli, ciliary canal. S. seiniova'lis, see Crista 
vestibuli. S. of the sep'tum lu'cidum, fifth ventricle. 
S. sigmoi'deus, S. lateralis. S. sinister cor'dis, S. 
pulmonalis. S. sphenoida'lis, cavernous sinus; see 
Sphenoid bone. S. sphenoparieta'lis, sphenoparietal 
sinus. S. squamosopetro'sus, S. petrososquamosus. 
S., straight, S. quartus. S. subarachnoidea'les, sub- 
arachnoid venous pathways. S. sulcifor'mis, see 
Crista vestibuli. S. sulcifor'mis Morgag'ni, internal 
opening oftheaqueductus vestibuli. S. supercilia'res, 
frontal sinuses. S., supe'rior, crus commune. S. tar'- 
si, open groove between astragalus and calcaneum at 
entrance to tarsal canal. S. tento'rii, S. rectus. S. 
tento'rii me'dius, S. rectus. S. tento'rii poste'rior, 
S. sigmoideus. S. termina'lis, circulus venosus. S. 
transver'si, sinuses, lateral. S. transver'sus, Basilar 
sinus. This sinus lies transversely at the anterior part 
of the basilary process of the occipital bone, forming 
a communication between the two petrous sinuses and 
the cavernous sinus of one side, and those of the other. 
Its breadth is commonly very great. It is situate be- SINUSES 
tween two layers of the dura mater, and presents 
internally a kind of cavernous tissue. S. transver'sus 
ma'jor, lateral sinus receiving blood from the superior 
longitudinal sinus. S. transver'sus ml'nor, lateral 
sinus not receiving blood of superior longitudinal 
sinus. S. transver'sus pericar'dii, sinus within the 
pericardium between two layers of its tubular sheath. 
S. triangula'ris, see Sinuses, longitudinal. S. tym'pani, 
a hollow on wall of tympanum between the promon- 
tory and the pyramid. S. un'guis, furrow about the 
nails. S. ure'thrae, S. of the bulb. S. urogenita'lis, 
urogenital sinus. S. uteri'ni, Uterine sinuses, cavities 
formed by the uterine veins in the substance of the 
uterine parietes. They are very large during preg- 
nancy. S. utriculo'sus, see Semicircular canals. S. of 
the ve'na ca'va, right auricle. S. of the ve'na por'ta, 
see Vena porta and Liver. S. vena'rum cava'rum, 
S. dexter cordis. S. vena'rum pulmona'lium, S. pul- 
monalis. S. veno'sus, S. dexter cordis. S. vul'vse, 
rima vulvse. 
Si'nuses, con'fluence of. Torcular Herophili. S. 
of the du'ra ma'ter are formed by a separation of 
the layers of the dura mater acting as a substitute 
for the outer membrane of veins. There are four 
great sinuses, of which all the others seem to be de- 
pendencies-the two lateral sinuses, the straight 
sinus, and the longitudinal sinus. Belonging to the 
lateral sinuses are the petrous sinuses, superior and 
inferior; transverse sinus, cavernous sinus, coronary 
sinus, and occipital sinuses. To the straight sinus 
belongs the inferior longitudinal sinus. The longi- 
tudinal sinus, properly so called, has no sinus under 
its dependence. S., fron'tal, frontal sinuses. S. of 
the lar'ynx, ventricles of the larynx. S., lat'eral, 
sinus divided into right and left, beginning at the 
torcular Herophili and terminating at the sinus of the 
jugular vein. S., lat'eral pharynge'al, see Sinus, 
pyramidal. S., longitu'dinal, two in number: 1. 
Superior longitudinal sinus, long triangular canal occu- 
pying the whole of the upper edge of the falx cere- 
bri ; broad behind, and much narrower before, where 
it commences by a cul-de-sac at the crista galli of the 
ethmoid bone. It passes along the front or coronal 
crest, sagittal suture, and the vertical groove of the 
occipital bone; receives several veins from the dura 
mater, and those spreading over the surfaces of the 
two hemispheres of the brain; and empties into the 
upper part of the torcular Herophili. 2. Inferior lon- 
gitudinal sinus is much narrower than the last; it 
occupies the inferior edge of the falx cerebri from its 
anterior third to the tentorium cerebelli, where it 
ends commonly by two branches in the straight sinus. 
S., petro'sal or pe'trous, petrous sinuses. S. of Val- 
sal'va, three depressions in the aorta and pulmonary 
artery immediately opposite the semilunar valve. 
They leave the edges of the valves free, so that they 
can be caught by the refluent blood. Where the 
aorta is about to send off the first of its long branches 
at the top of the thorax it is of great size, and has 
been called the large sinus of Valsalva. S., ver'te- 
bral, two great sinuses, different from those of the 
dura mater, extending the length of the vertebral 
canal, from the occipital foramen to the end of the 
sacrum, behind the bodies of the vertebrae, before the 
dura mater, and at the sides of the posterior verte- 
bral ligament. At the inner side they communicate 
by branches, which form true transverse sinuses. They 
are situate at the middle of the body of each ver- 
tebra, passing under the posterior vertebral ligament. 
They receive at the middle part of the veins the 
spongy tissue of the vertebrae. Sinuses arising on 
the external side communicate with the posterior 
branches of the vertebral, intercostal, and lumbar 
veins. At their posterior side they receive the veins 
creeping on the prolongation of the dura mater that 
envelops the marrow. 
Sipee'ri. Bebeeru. 
Sip'erine. An alkaloid of the bark of bebeeru. 
Siphilis, sif'il-is. Syphilis. 
Siphita, sif'it-ah. Somnambulism. S, pra'va, 
chorea. 
1009 
SITOS 
Sipho, se'fo. Siphon. S. auricula'ris, a species 
of syringe used for injecting the ear. S. uri'nse, 
diabetes. 
Siphon, si'fon (siphon, tube). A bent tube with limbs 
of unequal length, used for transferring liquids from 
one vessel to another. With this view the shorter 
limb is plunged into the liquid, and air is sucked 
from the extremity of the longer limb. The pressure 
of the atmosphere forces the fluid through the tube; 
the liquid will flow as long as the extremity of the 
lower limb is below the level of the fluid in which 
the shorter limb is immersed. A syringe may be at- 
tached to the longer extremity of the siphon, by 
which the air can be drawn from it. 
Siphonia cahuchu, sif-o'ne-ah ka-hu'chew (siphon, 
tube, from the use made of it). See Caoutchouc. 
Siphoniferous, sif-on-if'er-us (sipho, siphon, fero, 
to bear). Siphon-bearing; term applied to molluscs, 
as nautilus, etc. 
Siphonobranchiate, si-fon-o-brank'e-ate (siphon, 
branchia, the Branchiae). A siphon or tube by which 
the water to be inhaled by mollusks is carried to the 
gills. 
Siphonoma, sif-o-no'ma (siphon, tube). A peritoneal 
growth known as cylindroma, sometimes called 
Henle's tubular tumor. 
Siphonostome, si'fon-os-tome (siphon, stoma, mouth). 
Applied to a family of crustaceans, including those 
which have a siphon-shaped mouth for suction. 
Siphunculus, sif-un'ku-lus (siphon, tube). Syringe. 
Si'ra. Orpiment. 
Si'ren. An amphibian reptile resembling an eel; 
destitute of lower extremities and pelvis. 
Sirenomelus, sir-en-om'el-us (siren, melos, a limb). 
A class of monsters in which the lower extremities 
taper to points and are united, with entire absence 
of feet. 
Si'rens. Symmeles. 
Siriasis, sir-e'as-is (siriasis, disease supposed to be 
produced by Sirius, the dog-star, or by the sun). Coup- 
de-soleil; insolation; phrenitis. S. Aigypti'aca, coup- 
de-soleil; insolation; phrenitis. 
Sirium myrtifolium, sir'e-um mur-te-fo'le-um. San- 
talum album. 
Sir'ius (seirios). Dog-star. See Canicula. 
Si'rup. Syrup. 
Si'son am'mi. Ord. Umbelliferee. Plant that 
affords the ammi verum of the shops. The seeds- 
Semen ammios cretici or veri-were used as a car- 
minative. S. amo'mum, excitant and diuretic; it is 
the field honeywort. S. ani'sum, Pimpinella ani- 
sum. S. podagra'ria, Ligusticum podagraria. 
Sis'tens (sisto, to keep back). Epischetic, an agent 
that diminishes-secretion, for example. 
Sisymbrium alliaria, sis-im'bre-um al-le-ah're-ah 
(sisumbrion). Alliaria. S. barba'rea, Erysimum bar- 
barea. S. erucas'trum, Brassica eruca. S. menth- 
as'trum, Mentha aquatica. S. nastur'tium, water- 
cress; ord. Cruciferse. Watercress is used in salad; 
antiscorbutic. S. officina'le, erysimum. S. parvi- 
flo'rum, S. sophia. S. so'phia, Flix-weed, Flux-weed; 
once reputed to be anthelmintic, and valuable in 
hysterical affections. Other species of nasturtium- 
as N. palustre, marsh watercress, and N. amphibium, 
water-radish-possess similar virtues with N. offici- 
nale. 
Sisyrinchium Bermudianum, sis-ir-ink'e-um ber- 
mu-de-an'um (sisur inchion). Blue-eyed lily, Physic or 
.Scurry grass. Indigenous; ord. Iridacese. A decoc- 
tion of the root is acrid and cathartic. 
Sit'fast. See Furunculus. 
Siticulosus, sit-ik-u-lo'sus (sitis, thirst). Thirsty. 
See Alterative. 
Sitiens, sish'e-ens (sitio, to thirst). Thirsty. 
Sitiology, sit-e-ol'o-ge (sition, food, logos, discourse). 
A treatise on food or dietetics. 
Sitis, se'tis. Thirst. S. inten'sa, polydipsia. S. 
morbo'sa, polydipsia. 
Sitophobia, se-to-fo'be-ah (sitos, food, phobos, dread). 
Intense dread or abhorrence of food. 
Sitos, sit'os. Aliment, SITUS 
Situs alienus, se'tus al-e-a'nus (sites, position). 
Foreign or unnatural position. Ectopia. S. anom'- 
alus or perver'sus intestino'rum, misplacement or 
ectopia of the intestines. S. muta'tus, ectopia; see 
Monster. S. perver'sus, ectopia. 
Sitz-bath. Seat-bath. Hip-bath. See Bath, half. 
Slum, se'um. Creeping water parsnep. Ord. Umbel- 
liferse. Stimulant and supposed to be diuretic and 
lithontriptic. Sometimes employed in cutaneous erup- 
tions. S. angustifo'lium, S. nodiflorum. S. a'pium, 
Apium graveolens. S. ber'ula, S. nodiflorum. S. 
bulbocas'tanum, Bunium bulbocastanum. S. car'vi, 
carum. S. erec'tum, S. nodiflorum. S. grave'olens, 
Apium graveolens. S. inci'sum, S. nodiflorum. S. 
latifo'lium, or common Water parsnep of this country. 
Said to be poisonous. S. luna're, the root is eaten ; 
has an agreeable nutty flavor. Canadians called it 
the Queue de rat (rat's tail). The poisonous roots of 
Cicuta virosa, C. maculata, and C. bulbifera are mis- 
taken for it. S. nin'si, plant whose root is called 
Radix ninsi, Ninzin, Nindsin; root long supposed to be 
the same as ginseng; it possesses similar, though 
weaker, properties; see Panax schinseng. S. nodiflo'- 
rum, sium. S. si'laus, Peucedanum silaus. S. sis'- 
arum, Skirret. Used as a salad in Europe and an 
article of diet in chest affections. S. vulga're, 
Ligusticum podagraria. 
Siv'vans or Siv'vens. Sibbens. 
Size. Term given to the huffy coat appearing on 
the surface of a blood coagulum obtained from an in- 
flammatory region. 
Sizy, si'ze (siza, glue). Like size; glutinous; having 
the adhesiveness of glue, as applied to blood when 
it exhibits the huffy coat. 
Skate oil. Fixed oil obtained from skate's liver, 
and supposed to contain a larger proportion of iodine 
than cod-liver oil, for which it may be substituted. 
Skat'ol (scor, fseces). Decomposition product of hu- 
man faeces, due to action of trypsin on peptone, giving 
to the evacuations of the bowels their strong odor. 
Skel'etal (skeleton). Pertaining to the skeleton. 
Skeleteuma, skel-et-u'mah. Sceleteuma. 
Skeleteusis, skel-et-u'sis. Mummification; scele- 
teusis. 
Skeletia, skel-et-e'ah. Emaciation. 
Skeletography, skel-e-tog'ra-fe (skeleton, graphe, 
description). Description of the skeleton. 
Skeletology (skel-e-tol'o-je) (skeleton, logos, dis- 
course). Sceletology. Treatise on the solid parts of 
the body. It includes osteology and syndesmology. 
Skel'eton (skeletos, dried up, skello, to dry up). Atomy, 
Anatomy. A dried body. The aggregate of the hard 
parts of the body or the bones. A skeleton exists in 
almost all animals, although not always formed in 
the same manner. In some, as the Crustacea and Tes- 
tacea, it is wTholly or partly external-exoskeleton or 
dermoskeleton. In others, as birds, Mammalia, etc., 
it is internal-endoskeleton or neuroskeleton. It 
serves as a support for other organs. On it the general 
shape of the body and of its various parts depends. 
When the bones are united by their natural liga- 
ments, the skeleton is said to be natural, sceletum 
naturale; when articulated by wires, artificial or 
articulated, sceletum artificiale. (For weights and 
measurements of the skeleton see Man.) 
Skeletopoeia, skel-e-to-pe'yah (skeleton, poieo, to 
make). The part of practical anatomy treating of 
the preparation of bones and the construction of 
skeletons. Bones are prepared to exhibit their con- 
formation, structure, chemical composition, mode of 
development, and changes, the different cavities 
formed by their union, and to demonstrate their con- 
nections, relations, modes of union, etc. 
Skeletotrophic, skel-e-to-trof 'ik (skeleton, trophe, 
nourishment). Term applied to connective tissue. 
Skene's tubes or tu'bules. Blind tubules lying 
along the female urethra and opening near the meatus. 
They are probably rudiments of the Wolffian ducts, 
and correspond to the vesiculse seminales of the male. 
Skerljevo, sker-lie'vo. Scherlievo. 
Skew mus'cles. Angular muscles in which the 
1010 
SLAVERING 
plane of origin intersects that of insertion. S. sight, 
oblique sight. See Sight, skew. 
Skiascopy, ske-as'ko-pe. A method of estimating 
refraction of the eye by observation of direction and 
rapidity of movements of shadowy edges of images, 
as of a flame, which are formed upon the retina. See 
Retinoscopy. 
Skin. Cutis. S., bronzed, see Capside, renal. S., 
diseases of the, cutaneous diseases. S., pie'bald, 
see Achroma. S. re'flexes, see Reflexes. S., scarf, 
epidermis. S., traumatic diseases of, see Traumatic. 
Skin'bind. induration of the cellular tissue; sclero- 
derma. 
Skin'bound disease. Induration of the cellular 
tissue; scleroderma. 
Skin-grafting. Skin-transplantation. A method 
for treating large ulcerated surfaces by transplanting 
small pieces of skin from another part of the body, 
cicatrization frequently resulting without contraction 
or deformity, as in extensive burns. The method of 
skin-grafting is as follows: The area from which 
grafts are taken should be well washed with soap, 
water, and bichloride of mercury, 1 : 1000, followed 
by sterilized salt solution (5 parts to 95 parts water, 
boiled for one hour). Small or large pieces of cuticle, 
including rete mucosum, but not corium, are removed 
by scalpel or scissors and placed, fresh surface down, 
on top of the place to be grafted. When the operation 
is completed, apply protective, wet in salt solution, 
and an antiseptic dressing, which retain in place with 
a roller bandage firmly applied. Grafts used should 
be from young, healthy subjects. See Graft. 
Skin'ny. Emaciated; wanting flesh. 
Skin'tight. Induration of the cellular tissue. 
Skin-transplanta'tion. Skin-grafting. 
Skiomachia, ske-o-mak'e-ah. Sciomachy. 
Skirr or Skir'rhus. Scirrhus. 
Skir'ret. Sium sisarum. 
Skirt. Diaphragm. 
Skleriasis, skler-e'as-is {skier os, hard). Scleroderma. 
Skleroderma, skler-o-dur'mah. Scleroderma. 
Skodaic (sko-da'ik) res'onance. Peculiar tym- 
panitic resonance. 
Sko'da's sign. Peculiar tympanitic resonance elic- 
ited in extensive effusion of the pleural sac. 
Skoke. Phytolacca decandra. 
Skolemora Fernambucensis, sko-lem-o'ra fer-nam- 
bu-sen'sis {skolex, a worm, moroo, to stupefy). Geoffraea 
vermifuga. 
Skoliosis, sko-le-o'sis. Scoliosis. 
Skue'sight. Oblique sight; dysopia lateralis. 
Skulein (skoo'le-in). Scillin. Bitter, poisonous 
property of squill. 
Skull. Cranium. 
Skull'cap. Scutellaria galericulata. S., mad-dog, 
Scutellaria laterifolia. 
Skunk-cab'bage (owing to strong and offensive 
odor like that of the skunk). Dracontium foetidum. 
Skunk'weed. Dracontium foetidum. 
Slab'bering. Slavering. 
Slag. Term applied to dross or recrement of a 
metal; also vitrified masses of glossy compounds, 
silicates, etc. 
Slaked lime. White powder made by adding 
water (one-half weight of the lime) upon quicklime ; 
used for preparation of lime-water. 
Slashed. Divided into narrow parts or segments 
by sharp incisions ; lancinated. 
Slate. Term applied to varieties of an argillaceous 
stone having the property of being split' into slates 
or thin laminae. 
Sla'ters. Onisci aselli. 
Slatkaia trava, slat-ka'yah trah'vah. See Spirit. 
Sla'ty. Having nature or properties of slate; ap- 
plied to a form of induration of the lung in which pig- 
mentation of the tissue occurs, resembling the color 
of slate. 
Slav'ering, Slab'bering, Slob'bering. Drivelling. 
Involuntary flow of saliva from sluggish deglutition, 
without increased secretion, It is seen in the infant, 
the aged, and the idiot, SLEEP 
Sleep. Temporary interruption of our relations 
with external objects. Repose of the organs of 
sense, intellectual faculties, and voluntary motion. 
The act of quitting this condition is called awaking; 
it may be progressive and natural or sudden and 
starting-as in nightmare, affections of the heart, 
hypochondriasis, etc. S. disease, a fatal malady pe- 
culiar to the Ethiopian race and met with chiefly in 
Congo. The prominent symptom is a tendency to 
sleep, which may become continuous and terminate 
in death. See Sleeping sickness and Narcolepsy. S. 
epilepsy, S. disease. S., magnetic, sleep induced 
by so called animal magnetism; see Magnetism, animal. 
S., ner'vous, see Magnetism, animal. S. of plants, term 
applied by Linnaeus to the state of certain plants, 
the leaves of which droop and fold at night. S., 
win'ter, hibernation. 
Sleeping sick'ness. Fatal disease affecting ne- 
groes of the West Indies, characterized by headache, 
increasing somnolence, and emaciation. It resists all 
methods of treatment. Called also African lethargy. 
Sleeplessness. Insomnia. 
Sleep'walking. Somnambulism. 
Sleep'wort. Garden lettuce. 
Sleep'y. Drowsy ; inclined to sleep. 
Slen'der col'umn. Funiculus gracilis. S. lobe, 
narrow part of posterior lobe of the cerebellum, 
which sometimes appears as a distinct lobe. 
Slide. Glass plate used for mounting, or on which 
specimens are placed for microscopic examination. 
Slieve'fish. Sepia. 
Sli'my. Resembling slime ; viscous; glutinous. 
Sling. Bandage employed to keep the forearm 
bent on the arm in case of injury to those parts, in 
fracture of the clavicle, injury of the hands, etc. A 
handkerchief is often used for the purpose, folded 
diagonally and tied by the extremities around the 
neck. 
Slinking. Miscarrying, as a beast. 
Slip'pers. Impatiens. 
Slipper'wort. Calceolaria. 
Slip'pery elm. Inner bark of Ulmius fulva. 
Slit-and-tail band'age. Invaginated bandage. 
Slob'bering. Slavering. 
Sloe. Viburnum prunifolium. S. tree, Primus 
spinosa. 
Sloke, green. Ulva latissima. 
Slops. Slop diet. Liquid food, largely watery and 
containing little nutrition. 
Slough, sluf. Eschar. 
Sloughing. See Eschar. 
Slo'ven wood. Artemisia abrotanum. 
Slows. Milk sickness. 
Sludge. Mud; mire ; slush ; semiliquid deposit of 
sewage as treated by any of the precipitation methods. 
Slug'gish lay'er. In the passage of blood-corpus- 
cles through the capillaries a few adhere, and tear 
themselves away to again move slowly, constituting 
the sluggish layer. 
Slum'ber. Somnolency. 
Small azygos (az'ig-os) vein. Left lower azygos 
vein. S. deep petro'sal nerve, see Nerves, petrosal. 
S. meninge'al ar'tery, branch of internal maxillary 
which passes through the foramen ovale. It supplies 
the dura mater in the middle fossa. S. occipital 
nerves, see Nerves, occipital. S. spike'wood, false 
sarsaparilla; Aralia nudicaulis. S. superficial pe- 
tro'sal nerve, see Nerves, petrosal. 
Small'age. Apium graveolens. 
Small'er Sol'omon's seal. Polygonatum biflorum. 
Indigenous. 
Small'pox. Variola. S., abor'tive, varioloid. S., 
con'fluent, see Variola. S., cor'ymbose, see Variola. 
S., discrete', see Variola. S., hemorrhag'lc, see 
Variola. S., modified, varioloid. S., pete'chial, see 
Variola. S. plant, side-saddle plant; Sarracenia pur- 
purea. S., varicel'loid, see Variola. 
Smalt or Smaltz. Protoxide of cobalt, Blue starch. 
This oxide has been given in rheumatism in the dose 
of ten to twenty grains. A larger quantity causes 
qmesis, 
1011 
SMOTHERING 
Smaragdinus, smar-ag'din-us. Color of emerald or 
grass. 
Smaragdus, smar-ag'dus (smaragdos). The emer- 
ald. Formerly regarded as a tonic. 
Smart'weed. Polygonum hydropiper; P. punc- 
tata m. 
Smear'case. See Cheese. 
Smectica, smek'tik-ah (smektikos, cleansing). De- 
tergents. 
Smectis, smek'tis (smektis, a detersive earth). 
Cimolia terra. 
Smectris, smek'tris. Cimolia terra. 
Smegma, smeg'mah (smegma, smecho, to wipe, to 
cleanse). Soap; grease; salve; liniment. Also secre- 
tion from the sebaceous follicles of the skin. S. ar- 
ticula're, synovia. S. cuta'neum, see Sebaceous 
glands. S. embryo'num, sebaceous covering of foetus. 
S. prsepu'tii, fatty secretion from the follicles of the 
glans penis. 
Smegmatorrhcea, smeg-mat-or-rhe'ah (smegma, rheo, 
to flow). Stearrhcea. 
Smegmorrhcea, smeg-mor-rhe'ah. Stearrhcea. 
Smell, mor'bid. Parosmia; depraved olfaction. 
S., sense of, olfaction. 
Smell'ing. Olfaction. S. salt, a popular term 
applied to various flavored preparations of ammonium 
carbonate, used to stimulate the olfactory nerves and 
revive the spirits. 
Smllacin, smi'las-in. See Smilax sarsaparilla. 
Smilacina racemosa, sme-lah-se'nah ras-e-mo'sah 
(smilax). False spikenard ; indigenous; ord. Liliacese. 
Alterative, diuretic, and diaphoretic. 
Smi'lax (smilax). Taxus baccata. S. as'pera, in 
Southern Europe, where it grows, is used instead 
of sarsaparilla; supposed to produce Italian sarsapa- 
rilla. S. as'pera Chinen'sis, Smilax China. S. as'- 
pera Peruvia'na, Smilax sarsaparilla. S. canellse- 
fo'lia, S. pseudochina. S. Chi'na, ord. Smilacese. 
The root was formerly employed in cutaneous and 
venereal affections. S. glaii'ca, indigenous; has 
similar virtues to sarsaparilla S. hederaefo'lia, S. 
pseudochina. S. In'dica spino'sa, Smilax pseudo- 
china. S. med'ica, Mexican sarsaparilla. S. offici- 
na'lis, indigenous ; a source of Jamaica sarsaparilla; 
Smilax sarsaparilla. S. papyra'cea, probable source 
of Para sarsaparilla. S. pseudochi'na, American or 
West Indian China. In scrofulous disorders the root 
has been preferred to the oriental kind. In other 
cases it possesses similar virtues. S. sarsaparil'la, 
Jamaica sarsaparilla. The root of this and other 
species of smilax, Sarsaparilla (Ph. U. S.), Sarsse 
radix (Ph. Br.), is diuretic and demulcent, and has 
been employed in the sequela* of syphilis, when, after 
a mercurial course, nocturnal pains, ulcerations, etc. 
continue. It has been used also in scrofula, chronic 
rheumatism, etc. It is obtained from Honduras, 
Brazil, and Peru. A principle called Smilacin, Sarsa- 
parillin, or Pariglin has been obtained from it. S. 
tamnoi'des, indigenous, has similar properties. 
Smile (sme'la). A curved, two-edged bistoury; a 
knife. 
Smilion, smil'e-on (smiZion, smile). Scalpel. 
Smith's ante'rior splint. Consists of a stout wire 
frame, about 3 J inches wide above and 2| inches wide 
below, used for suspension of the lower limb. It is ap- 
plied on the anterior surface of the limb, and extends 
from the anterior spine of the ileum to a little beyond 
the toes. It is bent at the ankle, knee, and hip, to 
conform to individual cases. 
Smith's cramp. A neurotic affection due to the 
occupation of blacksmithing. 
Smith'sonite. Calamine. Native zinc carbonate, 
containing over 50 per cent, of pure metal. 
Smo'ker's patch'es. An affection of the mucous 
membrane in which white patches occur on the lips, 
tongue, and mouth of excessive tobacco-smokers. 
Smo'ky. Having the appearance or nature of 
smoke. 
Smothering, smuth'er-ing. Affected as by suffo- 
cation ; stifled; deprived of air by covering the mouth 
and nostrils, SMYRNA 
Smyrna, smur'nah. Myrrh. S. galls, an inferior 
variety of commercial galls from Turkey. S. o'pium, 
so named from place of export; it furnishes the most 
abundant supply of this drug in the market. S. 
scam'mony, once a commercial name for an inferior 
quality of this drug. 
Smyrnis'mus (smyrna). Embalming. 
Smyrnlum olusatrum, smur'ne-um o-lu-sat'rum 
(smyrna, the odor of the seeds resembling myrrh). 
A plant once cultivated for culinary purposes. The 
seeds are bitter and aromatic, and the roots very bit- 
ter; were recommended as resolvent, diuretic, em- 
menagogue, etc. 
Snag. A tooth standing alone or projecting beyond 
the others. 
Snag'gle teeth. Irregularity and obliquity of the 
teeth. 
Snag'rel. Aristolochia serpentaria. 
Snail. Limax. S. shell, cochlea. S. track, an 
aphthous ulceration of the throat met with in the 
second stage of syphilis. 
Snake, hood'ed. Cobra di capello. S., spec'ta- 
cled, cobra di capello. 
Snake'head. Chelone glabra. 
Snake'root. Garuleum bipinnatum. S., birth'- 
wort, Aristolochia serpentaria. S., black, Acteea 
racemosa, Sanicula Marilandica. S., but'ton, Eryn- 
giurn aquaticum, Liatris spicata. S., Can'ada, Asa- 
rum Canadense. S., Dewitt, prenanthes. S., ever'- 
green, Polygala paucifolia. S., heart, Asarum Can- 
adense. S., Virgin'ia, Aristolochia serpentaria. S., 
white, Eupatorium ageratoides. 
Snake's milk or milk-weed. Euphorbia corollata. 
Snake'weed. Aristolochia serpentaria; Helenium 
autumnale; Polygonum bistorta. S., American, 
Cicuta maculata. 
Snap'dragon. Linaria vulgaris. 
Snaps. Phaseolus. 
Snare. Instrument for removal of soft growths, 
as nasal polypi. 
Sneeze'weed. Helenium autumnale. 
Sneeze'wort. Achillea ptarmica; Helenium au- 
tumnale. 
Sneezing. Convulsive motion of the expiratory 
muscles by which air rushes sonorously through the 
nasal fossae, carrying with it the mucus and foreign 
bodies adhering to the pituitary membrane which 
have occasioned the movement. 
Snellen's for'ceps. Form of forceps for sur- 
rounding the minor growths of the eyelids during 
enucleation. S.'s types, see Test. 
Snif'fles. Snuffles. 
Snoring. Noise made in the posterior part of the 
mouth and nasal fossae during the movements of in- 
spiration, particularly in sleep, both when the person 
is in health, and in disease as in apoplexy. In certain 
affections of the chest-some cases of pulmonary ca- 
tarrh-a kind of snoring may be distinctly heard by 
applying the ear to the chest. 
Snout. Expanded nose of some of the lower an- 
imals. 
Snow. Water in a solid state falling from the at- 
mosphere in white flakes. Used externally as a tonic 
and discutient. 
Snow'ball. Cephalanthus occidentalis. 
Snow'berry. Symphoricarpus racemosus. 
Snow-blind'ness. Blindness produced by the re- 
flection of the solar light from snow. As a preventive 
snow-eyes are used by the Esquimaux ; made of light 
wood, with a bridge resting on the nose like specta- 
cles, and a narrow slit for the passage of the light. 
Snow'drop tree. Chionanthus Virginica. 
Snow-eyes. See Snow-blindness. 
Snow'plant. Sarcodes sanguinea. 
Snow'rose. Rhododendron chrysanthemum. 
Snow'shoe disease'. Painful affection of the feet 
occurring in the Arctic regions among those wearing 
snow-shoes on long journeys. 
Snuff, cephal'ic. Pulvis asari compositus. 
Snuf'fles. Breathing hard through the nose, often 
Owing to accumulation of the mucous secretions; an 
1012 
SODA 
affection to which infants are liable, relieved by oil- 
ing the interior of the nostrils. 
Soap. Sapo. S. ac'id, see Sapo. S. bark, quillaia 
bark. S. ber'ries, Sapindus saponaria; contain sa- 
ponin. S., black, see Sapo. S., Castile, sapo durus. 
S. ce'rate, ceratum saponis. S. of co'coanut oil, see 
Sapo. S., com'mon, see Sapo. S. of guai'ac, sapo 
guaiacinus. S., liq'uid, see Sapo. S., medic'inal, see 
Sapo. S. nut, fruit of Sapindus trifoliatus. S. plant, 
Chlorogallum pomeridium, California soapwort. S. 
plas'ter, emplastrum saponis. S. root, root of Sapo- 
naria officinalis. S., soft, S., common. S., Span'ish, 
sapo durus. S. wort, saponaria. S., yel'low, see Sapo. 
Sob. Spasmodic momentary contraction of the 
diaphragm, at once followed by relaxation, by which 
the little air that the contraction has caused to enter 
the chest is driven out with noise. 
Soboles, sob'o-lees (offspring). Progeny; superfce- 
tation. 
Soboliferous, sob-o-lif'er-us (soboles, shoot, fero, to 
bear) Producing shoots from near the ground; bear- 
ing shoots. 
Sobrietas, sob-re'et-as. Temperance. 
Socaloin, so-kal'o-in. Crystalline active'principle 
of Socotrine aloes. 
Socia parotidis, so'se-ah par-ot'id-is (companion of 
the parotid). See Parotid. 
So'cial e'vil. Prostitution. 
Soci'ety (socius, a companion). Association pro- 
moting some common object. 
Sociology, so-se-ol'o-je (socius, fellow-being, logos, 
discourse). The science treating of social organiza- 
tion ; study of mutual relations of the people. 
Sock'et of the eye. Orbit. S. of the teeth, see 
Alveolus. 
Socordia, so-kor'de-ah (socors, se, separation, cor, 
heart; without intellect). Hallucination. 
Soc'otrine al'oes. See Aloe Socotrina. 
So'da. Protoxide of sodium. Its action is like that 
of potassa. S. impura, the mineral alkali, is obtained 
from several sources: naturally in Egypt, artificially 
from the incineration of marine plants and from the 
decomposition of sodium sulphate, etc. Principally 
derived from plants growing on the sea-coast-as the 
Salsola sativa, S. soda, S. tragus, Salicornia herbacea, 
S. Arabica, etc.-which are collectively called varec 
or varech, corrupted in the Channel Isles to vraic and 
vraich, where they are used as manure. The barilla 
ashes are from the ashes of the Salicornia Europaea; 
the kelp from the Fucus vesiculosus and other varie- 
ties ; the Turkey barilla, rochetta Alexandrina, from 
the Mesembryanthemum Copticum; the Alicant ba- 
rilla, soda Alicantina or alonensis, from the Mesem- 
bryanthemum nodiflorum; and the Carthagena ba- 
rilla from the salicornia and salsola. Impure S. sub- 
carbonate consists of sodium subcarbonate, potash, 
sodium chloride, clay, and other earthy substances. 
It is used for preparing the pure subcarbonate. The 
word soda also means cardialgia, cephalalgia, and 
pyrosis. S. aceta'ta, Sodium acetate, Acetate of soda. 
This salt is used in similar cases with the acetate 
of potassium. S. aera'ta, sodii carbonas. S. alo- 
nen'sis, soda. S., arsen'iate of, arseniate of sodium. 
S., ben'zoate of, used in gout and rheumatism to 
eliminate uric acid; prepared by saturating a solu- 
tion of benzoic acid with carbonate of sodium. S., 
bibo'rate of, borax. S., bicar'bonate of, sodium 
carbonate. S., bicar'bonate of, commer'cial, sodii 
bicarbonas venalis. S., bi'late of, picromel. S., bo'- 
rate of, borax. S. boraxa'ta, borax. S., car'bonate 
of, Bicarbonate of soda, Carbonate of protoxide of so- 
dium, Bicarbonate of sodium. Made from powdered 
commercial bicarbonate of sodium by percolation 
and drying on bibulous paper. Its use is the same 
as the subcarbonate, though less caustic and better 
for effervescing draughts. S. caus'tica, Protoxide of 
sodium, Caustic soda. May be used as a caustic, like 
the potassa fusa, and is even preferable, as it does not 
deliquesce and run. S., chlo'rlde of, Chlorinated 
soda, Oxymuriate of soda. Salt used as a disinfectant, 
both to remove offensive smells in chambers and to SODZE 
alter the condition of fetid ulcers; see Liquor sodee 
chlorinates. S., chlo'rinated, soda, chloride of. S., 
ci'trate of, sodii citras. S., eflerves'cent citrotar'- 
trate of (sodse bicarb, pulv., ; acid, tartaric, 
pulv., ; acid, citric, pulv., §vj ; Ph. Br.); dose, 
3j-3ij'. S. Hispan'ica, see Soda. S., hydrochlo'- 
rate of, sodium muriate. S., hypophos'phite of, sodii 
hypophosphis. S., hyposul'phite of, Hyposulphite of 
sodium. This salt has been extolled in chronic skin 
and scrofulous affections, and especially in phthisis, 
and in cases in which the sulphite of sodium seems 
indicated; see Sodii sulphis; dose, gr. x and more, in 
syrup. S. impu'ra, see Soda. S., lith'ate of, urate 
of sodium. S., meph'ite of, sodium subcarbonate. S. 
mint, a combination of bicarbonate of sodium, 3j; 
aromatic spirit of ammonia, f,3j ; spearmint-water, 
; dose, for adult; for an infant. 
S., mu'riate of, Common salt, Sea salt, Rock salt, Bay 
salt, White salt, Hydrochlorate of protoxide of sodium, 
Hydrochlorate of soda, Chloride of sodium. In an im- 
pure state this salt is one of the most abundant of 
natural productions. It is soluble in 3 parts of water, 
is tonic, purgative, and anthelmintic; externally, 
stimulant. A useful culinary substance. It has been 
recommended as an antiperiodic in the dose of 
or S., ni'trate of, Salpetra, Nitrate of sodium, 
Protonitrate of sodium, Cubic nitre. Occurs, native, in 
Peru, but may be made by neutralizing carbonate 
of sodium by nitric acid, evaporating, and crystal- 
lizing. Its virtues are similar to those of nitrate 
of potassium. S., ni'trite of, formerly used in the 
preparation of spiritus aetheris nitrosi (Ph. Br.). S., 
oxymu'riate of, sodium chloride. S., phos'phate of, 
Subphosphate of protoxide of sodium, Subprotophosphate 
of sodium, Subphosphate of sodium, Tribasic phosphate 
or tasteless purging salt, poured off from the dregs 
and heated. S., phos'phate of, triba'sic, S., phos- 
phate of. S. plant, salsola kali, saltwort, seagrape. 
S. pow'ders, see Powders, soda. S., sil'icate of, Sol- 
uble glass; internally, it is supposed to promote the 
discharge of uric acid by the kidneys; externally, it 
is employed, like silicate of potassium, for immovable 
bandages. S. and sil'ver, hyposul'phite of, sodii et 
argenti hyposulphis. S., subcar'bonate of, Sal sodee, 
Carbonate of soda, Carbonate of sodium, Subcarbonate of 
protoxide of sodium; impure carbonate dissolved in 
water; the solution filtered and crystallized. Used 
as an antacid and a deobstruent in scrofulous and 
other affections. Dose, gr. x to 3ss. Dried carbonate 
or Subcarbonate of soda or sodium is employed as an 
antacid and lithontriptic. Dose, gr. x to xv. S., 
subphos'phate of, S., phosphate of. S., sul'phate of, 
Sulphate of sodium, Aperient salt of Frederick, Glauber's 
salt; purgative, and in small doses diuretic. Dose, 
3vj-x. S., sul'phite of, sodii sulphis. S., sulpho- 
vi'nate of, sulphovinate of sodium. S., tar'trate of, 
Tartrate of sodium, and potassium, Tartrate of potassa 
and soda, Tartarized or Tartarated soda, Rochelle or 
Seignette's salt; a gentle cathartic; dose, to §j. 
S., u'rate of, urate of sodium. S., vale'rianate of, 
sodium valerianas. S. vitrlola'ta, S., sulphate of. S. 
wa'ter, acidulous water, simple. 
So'dse ace'tas. Soda, acetate of. S. et argen'ti 
hyposul'phis, Hyposulphite of sodium and silver. (This 
salt is formed by pouring a solution of hyposulphite 
of sodium over oxide of silver recently precipitated by 
potassa until the oxide is entirely dissolved. Crystals 
are afforded by evaporation.) Solution of it is used in 
the same cases as one of the nitrate of silver. S. 
arse'nias, arseniate of soda. S. azo'tas, soda, nitrate 
of. S. ben'zoas, soda, benzoate of. S. bibo'ras, borax. 
S. bicarbo'nas, soda, carbonate of. S. bo'ras, see 
Borax and Sodii boras. S. bo'ras alcales'cens, borax. 
S. bo'ras supersatu'rus, borax. S. carbo'nas, so- 
dium, subcabornate of. S. carbo'nas exsicca'tus, 
see Soda, subcarbonate of. S. carbo'nas impu'rus, 
soda. S. chlo'ras, sodii chloras. S. ci'tras, Citrate of 
sodium. White salt formed by saturating a solution of 
citric acid with bicarbonate of sodium; a pleasant 
purgative, with properties similar to citrate of mag- 
nesia ; dose is eight to twelve drachms in aqueous 
1013 
SODII 
solution or acidulated with citric acid and sweet- 
ened. S. citrotar'tras efferves'cens, sodium, citrotar- 
trate of, effervescent. S. hyposul'phas, sodii hypo- 
sulphis. S. mu'rias, soda, muriate of. S. ni'tras, 
soda, nitrate of. S. phos'phas, soda, phosphate of. 
S. et potas'sae tar'tras, sodium tartrate. S. potas- 
siotar'tras, soda, tartrate of. S. sub-bo'ras, borax. 
S. subcarbo'nas impu'ra, soda. S. sulphas, see Sodii 
sulphis. S. surplus, see Sodii sulphis. S. valeria'nas, 
Valerianate of sodium. Chiefly employed for obtain- 
ing the other valerianates. 
So'dii ace'tas (Ph. U. S.). Soda, acetate of. S.ar- 
se'nias, arseniate of soda, arseniate of sodium ; action 
same as other arsenic salts. S. auroterchlo'ridum, 
see Gold. S. ben'zoas, soda, benzoate of; benzoate of 
sodium; white amorphous or semi-crystalline powder; 
odorless; effervescent on exposure to air; taste sweet, 
astringent; prepared by adding benzoic acid to hot 
solution of sodium carbonate; action is antilithic, 
antiseptic; useful in gout, rheumatism, scarlet fever, 
phthisis, etc. S. bicarbo'nas, soda, carbonate of; bi- 
carbonate of sodium; white, odorless, opaque powder, 
saline and cooling taste ; action same as carbonate, but 
milder. S. bicarbo'nas vena'lis, Commercial bicar- 
bonate of sodium. White opaque powder containing 
variable amounts of soda not fully saturated with 
carbonic acid. Sodii bicarbonas (Ph. U. S.) is obtained 
from it. S. bisul'phis, bisulphite of sodium; pre- 
pared by saturating a concentrated solution of car- 
bonate of sodium with sulphurous acid gas; action 
same as S. sulphis. S. bo'ras, borate of sodium ; 
borax; colorless, transparent prisms, odorless, efflor- 
escent in dry air; exists native in Europe, Peru, 
abundant in certain lakes of Thibet and Persia, in 
California and the deserts of Nevada; action altera- 
tive ; mild stimulant to mucous surfaces; parasiti- 
cide, antiseptic; supposed to have a specific action on 
the uterus; used in dysmenorrhcea, in nephritic trou- 
bles due to excess of uric acid, aphthae, and as an 
injection in infantile diarrhoea; locally in recent 
wounds and surgical operations. S. bro'midum, 
salt resembling in dose and properties the bromide 
of potassium, but containing more bromine, and 
considered less irritating. S. carbo'nas, soda, sub- 
carbonate of. S. carbo'nas exsicca'tus, soda, sub- 
carbonate of; dried carbonate of sodium. Uses 
same as carbonate. On account of its dryness, it 
cannot be made into pills. S. chlo'ras, chlorate of 
sodium; transparent crystals; permanent in air; 
saline taste and cooling; odorless. It should never 
be triturated with combustible substances. Uses sim- 
ilar to chlorate of potassium, but more soluble. S. 
chlo'ridum, common salt; native in many countries; 
purified by dissolving in water and recrystallizing. 
Active stimulant; resolvent; increases the salivary 
secretion; antidote to silver nitrate; soda, muriate of. 
S. chlorure'tum, soda, muriate of. S. citrotar'tras 
efferves'cens (Ph. Br.), effervescent citrotartrate of 
soda. Laxative and refrigerant; dose, §j-ij in water. 
S. hypophos'phis, hyposulphite of sodium. White, 
granular rods or small colorless plates; sweetish 
taste. Nerve tonic, alterative, and useful in phthisis 
and scrofulous diathesis; also in cases of lowered 
nerve-force. S. hyposul'phis (Ph. U. S.), salt of soda 
combined with hyposulphurous acid, used for the 
same purposes as the sulphite. Dose, gr. x-xx, three 
times daily'; externally, oj dissolved in of water. 
See Sulphurous acid. S. io'didum (Ph. U.S.), Iodide of 
sodium. Salt prescribed in the same cases as the io- 
dide of potassium, especially in syphilis. Dose, gr. 
xx-xxx. S. meth'ylas, methylate of sodium; pur- 
gative in quarter-drachm doses without producing 
cramps. S. ni'tras, soda, nitrate of. S. phos'phas, 
phosphate of sodium. Prepared by adding solution of 
acid phosphate of calcium (prepared from a mixture 
of bone-ash and sulphuric acid) to a solution of so- 
dium ; it is found in the urine and other animal 
secretions. Useful in cases of supposed deficiency 
of phosphorus, infantile diarrhoea with green stools. 
S. pyrophos'phas, pyrophosphate of sodium. Pre- 
pared by heating phosphate of sodium in suitable SODIOBENZOATE OF CAFFEINE 
dish to redness, dissolving in water, filtering, and 
crystallizing. Uses and action same as phosphate of 
sodium. S. sal'icylas (Ph. U. S. and Br.), salicylate 
of sodium. Therapeutic action is that of salicylic 
acid, but less irritating, and it is more rapidly ab- 
sorbed. S. santoni'nas, santoninate of sodium. A 
salt that should be used with caution; prepared by 
adding santonin to hot solution of caustic soda so 
long as it is dissolved. It should not be used as a 
vermifuge in place of santonin, as it is too soluble, and 
apt to be poisonous. S. sil'icas, silicate of sodium 
(soluble glass); useful for splints, jackets for fractures, 
spinal curvatures, etc. S. sul'phas, soda, sulphate 
of; Glauber's salt; sulphate of sodium. Found 
native and inmate of many springs; usually ob- 
tained as secondary product in manufacture of com- 
mon salt or carbonate of magnesium; purified by 
dissolving in water and recrystallizing. Cathartic, 
diuretic, and sedative; should always be given diluted 
with water. S. sul'phis, sulphite of sodium. Made 
by passing sulphurous acid gas into a solution of 
carbonate of sodium. Antizymotic, parasiticide. 
Like sulphurous acid, it has been used to arrest fer- 
mentation, as in zymotic diseases; the sulphurous 
acid, it is imagined, being set free by the acid of the 
yeasty matter. Dose, 3j, three times a day. On a 
similar hypothesis it has been used locally in sore 
mouth presumed to be of parasitic origin-£j of the 
salt to f'3j of water. It has also been given in inter- 
mittents. S. sulphocar'bolas, sulphocarbolate of 
sodium. Made by mixing carbolic and strong sul- 
phuric acid, which is kept at a temperature of 131° 
F. for several days, when water is added; then car- 
bonate of barium is gradually added until efflores- 
cence ceases; filter after precipitation, add carbonate 
of sodium until precipitation ceases, filter, evaporate, 
and crystallize. S. sulphovi'nas, ethylsulphate of 
sodium. Prepared by action of sulphuric acid on 
alcohol. S. valeria'nas, valerianate of sodium. 
Uses same as ammonium valerianate. 
Sodioben'zoate of caf'feine. Benzoate of sodium 
added to citrate of caffeine, the solubility of caffeine 
being greatly increased by the addition. The addi- 
tion of salicylate of sodium to caffeine has a similar 
effect, producing sodiosalicylate of caffeine. 
Sodiosal'icylate of caf'feine. See Sodiobenzoate of 
caffeine. 
Sodiotheobro'mine sal'icylate. Diuretin. 
So'dium. The metallic basis of soda. S., ac'etate 
of, soda, acetate of. S., arse'niate of, soda, arseniate 
of. S. aurochlo'ride, yellow powder, used in syph- 
ilis; dose, gr. |-j. S. ben'zoate, sodii benzoas. S. 
bicar'bonate, sodse carbonas. S. bicar'bonate, com- 
mer'cial, sodii bicarbonas venalis. S. bisul'phate, 
acid sulphate of sodium. S. bisul'phite, sodii bisul- 
phis. S. bo'rate, borax. S. bro'mide, sodii bromi- 
dum. S. car'bolate, salt formed by action of car- 
bolic acid upon caustic soda. S., car'bonate of, soda, 
subcarbonate of. S., car'bonate of, dried, see Soda, 
subcarbonate of. S. chlo'rate, sodii chloras. S., 
chlo'ride of, soda, muriate of. S. chlorobo'rate, white 
powder; soluble; decided antiseptic. S. ci'trate, 
sodii citras. S. creoso'tate, antipyretic. S. di-iodo- 
sal'icylate, antithermic, analgesic, antiseptic, in par- 
asitic skin diseases. S. dithiosal'icylate, see Dithio- 
salicylic acid. S. eth'ylate, caustic alcohol; product 
of action of absolute alcohol upon metallic sodium; 
escharotic. S. ethylsul'phate, sodium sulphovinate. 
S. for'xnate, C2H5NaO; used in tubercular diseases. 
S. hip'purate, sodii hippuras. S. hy'drate, soda. S. 
hydrocar'bonate, sodium bicarbonate. S. hydrox'- 
ide, soda. S. hypochlo'rite, sodium salt of hypochlo- 
rous acid. S. hypophos'phite, sodii hypophosphis. 
S. hyposul'phite, soda, hyposulphite of. S. i'odide, 
sodii iodidum. S. lac'tate, sodii lactas. S. molyb'- 
date, obtained by neutralizing molybdic acid with 
sodium carbonate. S. monosul'phide, salt obtained 
by saturating solution of soda (spec. grav. 1.332) with 
hydrogen sulphide, and keeping product free from 
air until crystallization occurs. S., ni'trate of, soda, 
nitrate of. S. ni'trite, salt prepared by deflagrating 
1014 
SOLANUM 
a mixture of 7 parts of sodium nitrate and 1 part of 
starch; used in 2-grain doses, or more, in epilepsy 
and angina pectoris. S. paracreoso'tate, white pow- 
der, antiseptic and antiarthritic; less poisonous than 
sodium salicylate. S. perman'ganate, sodii permau- 
ganas. S. phe'nate, sodium carbolate. S. phe'nol, 
sodium sulphocarbolate. S. phos'phate, sodii phos- 
phas. S. polysul'phide, sulphurated soda. S. pro- 
toni'trate, sodium, nitrate of. S., protoxide of, 
hydrochlo'rate of, soda, muriate of. S., protoxide 
of, ni'trate of, sodium nitrate. S., protoxide of, 
phos'phate of, sodium phosphate. S., protoxide of, 
subcar'bonate of, soda, subcarbonate of. S. pyro- 
phos'phate, sodii pyrophosphas. S., quadrichlo'- 
ruret of, soda, muriate of. S. salicylate, sodii sa- 
licylas. S. santoni'nate, sodii santoninas. S. sil'- 
icate, sodii silicas. S. silicofiu'oride, white powder; 
antiseptic, disinfectant, and styptic. S., sub-bo'rate 
of, protoxide of borax. S., subprotobo'rate of, 
borax. S., subprotophos'phate of, soda, phosphate 
of. S., sul'phate of, soda, sulphate of. S. sulpho- 
ben'zoate, prepared by dissolving sodium benzoate 
in strong solution of sodium sulphite; antiseptic. 
S., sulphocar'bolate of, see Sulphocarbolate. S. sul- 
pho-ich'thyolate, ichthyol. S. sulphometh'ylate, 
prepared similar to sodium sulphovinate, except that 
methyl alcohol is used in preparation of sulphovinic 
acid instead of ordinary alcohol; purgative. S. sul- 
phophe'nate, sodium sulphocarbolate. S. sulphoric'- 
inate, brown liquid, used as solvent for iodine, 
iodoform, etc. S. sulphosallcylate, astringent pow- 
der; anti-arthritic. S. sulphovi'nate, sodii sulpho- 
vinas. S. tell'urate, used in night-sweats of phthisis. 
S. thlosul'phate, sodium hyposulphite. S. vale'- 
rianate, sodii valerianas. 
Sod'oma Gallo'rum (Sodom, Galli, the French). 
Syphilis. 
Sodom'ia (Sodom, sin of Sodom). Sexual inter- 
course by the rectum. 
Sod'omy. Sexual intercourse by the rectum. 
Soemisch's ul'cer. Infectious ulcer of the cornea. 
Soemmering (sem'mer-ing), fora'men of. See Fora- 
men of Soemmering. S., gray sub'stance of, peduncle 
of the brain. S., yellow spot of, macula lutea. 
Soem'mering's bone.. Marginal process of malar 
bone. 
Soft'ening. Mollities. S. of the brain, mollifies 
cerebri. S. of the heart, softening of the muscular 
structure of the heart from anemic condition of the 
artery. S., mu'coid or mu'cous, see Mucoid. S. of the 
stomach, gastromalacia, occurring sometimes after 
death; see Autodigestion. 
Soil-pipe. Pipe conducting waste material from 
houses to the common sewer. 
Sol. The sun; gold. 
Solamen (so-lah'men) intestino'rum (solor, to com- 
fort). Pimpinella anisum. S. scabioso'rum, fu- 
maria. 
Solanaceae, so-lan-ah'se-e. An important natural 
order of plants, among which are a few trees found 
in all parts of the world except the Arctic regions. 
Solanaceous, so-lan-a'she-us. Resembling the 
solanum. 
Solania, so-lan'e-ah. See Solanum dulcamara. 
Solanicin, so-lan'is-in. Compound produced by 
action of strong hydrochloric acid upon solanidin. 
Solanidin, so-lan'id-in. A product resulting from 
the action of dilute acids upon solanin. 
Solanine, so'lan-een. Bitter alkaloid from Solanum 
dulcamara. See Solanum dulcamara. 
Solanoid, so'lan-oid (solanum, potato, eidos, resem- 
blance). Resembling a potato. Epithet applied to a 
form of cancer, Solanoma, which appears to be inter- 
mediate between scirrhus and encephaloid, increas- 
ing more rapidly than the former, yet approaching it 
in firmness. 
Solanoma, sol-an-o'mah (Solanum tuberosum, potato). 
See Solanoid. 
Solanum, so-lan'um (solor, to soothe). Common or 
Garden nightshade. Family Solanaceee. Narcotic poi- 
son. The oil is anodyne and discutient. S. Carolin- SOLAR 
en'se, Horse nettle; indigenous. The juice of the 
berries is said to have been employed successfully in 
idiopathic tetanus. S. dulcama'ra, Bittersweet, 
Woody nightshade, Bittersweet nightshade, Bittersweet 
vine, Nightshade vine, Violet bloom. The taste of the 
young branches-Dulcamara (Ph. U. S.)-is bitter, fol- 
lowed by sweetness; hence its name. It has been 
used as a diuretic and sudorific, especially in chronic 
rheumatism, humoral asthma, dropsy, skin diseases, 
scrofula, and jaundice. Its principle is called solanine 
or solania, C42H87NO15, an alkaloidal glucoside, used 
as a substitute for morphia in neuralgia, bronchitis, 
asthma, vomiting of pregnancy, etc. S. esculen'tum, 
S. tuberosum. S. foe'tidum, fetid solanum; another 
name for Datura stramonium. S. furio'sum, Atropa 
belladonna. S. horten'se ni'grum, Atropa belladonna. 
S. Humboldt'ii, S. lycopersicum. S. letha'le, deadly 
solanum; name for Atropa belladonna. S. ligno'sum, 
Woody nightshade; another name for Solanum dul- 
camara. S. lycoper'sicum, Loveapple plant; the 
fruit, Tomata, Tomato, or Loveapple, is much eaten in 
the United States, and forms an esteemed sauce. S. 
mag'num Virginia'num ru'brum, Phytolacca decan- 
dra. S. mani'acum, Atropa belladonna, Datura stra- 
monium. S. melanocer'asus, Atropa belladonna. S. 
melon'gena, Egg-plant, Mad-apple plant; native of 
Asia, Africa, and America. Its oblong, egg-shaped 
fruit, pomum melongense, malum insanum, is pre- 
pared in soups and sauces in those countries. S. ni'- 
grum, solanum. S. ni'veum, S. African plant; the 
leaves, applied to foul ulcers, cleanse them. The fresh 
juice of the berries and leaves, as an ointment, is 
used by the farmers for the same purpose. S. panic- 
ula'tum, a shrub of Brazil, where the juice of the 
bruised leaves, unripe fruit, the plant itself, and its 
root are used as a tonic. S. Parmente'rii, S. tube- 
rosum. S. pseudocap'sicum, Jerusalem cherry. S. 
pseudolycoper'sicum, S. lycopersicum. S. quadri- 
fo'lium, paris. S. racemo'sum America'num, Phy- 
tolacca decandra. S. sanc'tum, Palestine nightshade. 
The fruit is globular, and eaten in the countries where 
it is native. S. scan'dens, S. dulcamara. S. tube- 
ro'sum, Potato; native of Peru; a nutritious and 
wholesome vegetable; one of the most useful that ex- 
ists. One hundred pounds of potatoes afford ten 
pounds of starch equal to arrow root as a nutrient 
and demulcent, called potato flour, potato starch, 
French sago, common arrow root, etc. S. u'rens, Cap- 
sicum annuum. S. vesica'rium, physalis. S. Vir- 
ginia'num, indigenous; said to resemble Solanum 
nigrum in its properties. S. vulga're, solanum. 
So'lar (sol, the sun). Relating to the sun, having 
rays like the sun. S. asphyx'ia, see Coup-de-soleil 
and Insolation. S. cy'cle, Cycle of the sun, period of 
28 years, at end of which time days of the month re- 
turn to the same days of the week. S. exhaus'tion, 
see Coup-de-soleil and Insolation. S. plex'us, Epigastric 
plexus; collection of ganglions and filaments inter- 
weaving and anastomosing repeatedly, and belonging 
to the system of the great sympathetic. This vast 
plexus, lying on the vertebral column, the aorta, and 
the pillars of the diaphragm, has a very irregular shape. 
The ganglions and filaments composing it are soft, 
reddish, and almost all issue from the semilunar gan- 
glions; it receives the branches from the pneumo- 
gastrics. It seems to be chiefly intended for the 
aorta, and accompanies all its branches, furnishing 
secondary plexuses which are called the infradia- 
phragmatic, cceliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mes- 
enteric, renal or emulgent, spermatic, etc. S. spec'- 
trum, see Spectrum. 
Solarium, sol-ah're-um (sol, sun). Sun-dial; sun- 
bath. 
Solariza'tion. Exposure to direct rays of the sun; 
in photography, injury of negative due to its over- 
exposure to the sun's light, whitish in the camera. 
Solayre's (so-lairs') obliq'uity. Descent of the 
child's head by its long diameter into the oblique 
diameter of the pelvis. 
Soldanella, sol-dan-el'lah (solido, to make firm). 
Convolvulus soldanella. 
1015 
SOLITARY 
Soldier's (sole'jur's) spots. Maculae albse. S. wood, 
matico. 
Sole (solum, the ground). Sole of the foot; the 
under surface of the foot. 
So'lea. Sole. S. ipecacuan'ha, see Ipecacuanha. 
S. verticillat'a, lonidium polygatefolium. 
So'len. Canal; cradle. See Solenarium and Verte- 
bral column. 
Solenarium, so-len-ah're-um (solenarion, a small 
canal, a pipe). Instrument of surgery representing a 
kind of gutter, in the cavity of which the penis was 
placed like a limb in a cradle. Solen itself-canali- 
was used in antiquity for a grooved channel or cradle 
in which a fractured limb was placed. 
Solenochalasis, so-len-o-kal'as-is (solen). Enlarge- 
ment of a canal. 
Solenostegnosis, so-len-o-steg-no'sis (solen, stegnosis, 
constriction). Narrowing of a canal. 
Solenostemma (so-len-o-stem'mah) ar'gel. Cynan- 
chum oletefolium. 
Sole'us (solea, sole of a shoe, from its shape). Gas- 
trocnemius internus. Muscle situate at the posterior 
part of the leg; broad, flat, and almost oval; attached 
above to the posterior edge of the fibula, to the ob- 
lique line on the posterior surface, and to the inner 
edge of the tibia. It terminates below by a large ten- 
don, which unites to that of the gastrocnemius ex- 
ternus to form the tendo Achillis. This muscle 
extends the foot on the leg, and conversely. See 
Gastrocnemii. 
Solicatio, so-lik-ah'she-o (sol, the sun). Inso- 
lation. 
Sol'id. Body w'hose integrant molecules are so 
united by the force of cohesion that they will not 
separate by their own weight. The solids in the 
human body are the bones, cartilages, tendons, mus- 
cles, ligaments, arteries, veins, nerves, membranes, 
skin, etc. The study of the solids is called Stereology 
(stereos, solid, logos, a discourse). S. par'affln, one of 
the products of petroleum. See Paraffin. 
Solidago, sol-id-ag'o (solido, to make firm, in allu- 
sion to its properties as a vulnerary). See Solidago 
virgaurea. S. odo'ra, golden rod; indigenous; popular 
diaphoretic and emmenagogue. S. rig'ida, Rigid 
golden rod; indigenous; of the Composite family; is 
astringent and tonic. S. Saracen'ica, S. virgaurea. 
S. virgaur'ea, Golden rod. The leaves and the flow- 
ers of Odora solidago, Fragrant or Sweetscented golden 
rod, have been recommended as aperients and tonics 
in urinary diseases and internal hemorrhage. S. vul- 
ga'ris, S. virgaurea. 
Solidification, sol-id-if-i-ka'shun (solidus, solid, facio, 
to make). Act of making solid. 
Sol'idlsm (solidus, solid). The doctrine of physi- 
cians-Solidists-who refer all diseases to alterations 
of the solid parts of the body. They think the solids 
alone are endowed with vital properties; that they 
alone can receive the impression of morbific agents 
and be the seat of pathological phenomena. 
Sol'idists. See Solidism. 
Solid'ity. State of being solid. Opposed to fluidity. 
Sol'ids (solidus, solid). Term referring to the bones, 
ligaments, muscles, nerves, and vessels of the body. 
Solidungulata (sol-id-un-gu-lat'ah) or Solidun'gu- 
lates (solidus, solid, ungula, hoof). Animals with 
solid hoofs. 
Solidungulus, sol-id-un'gu-lus. Having solid hoofs. 
Applied to the mammalian family having a solid hoof 
to each foot, as the horse, etc. 
Soliped, sol'i-ped (solus, alone, pes, foot). An ani- 
mal whose hoof is not cloven. Solidungulus. 
Solitarius pharyngis, sol-it-ah're-us fah-rin'jis. 
Azygos pharyngis. 
Sol'itary bun'dle. Bunch of nerve-fibres in upper 
portion of the spinal cord and in the medulla oblon- 
gata. S. fol'licles or glands of intes'tine, small 
granular bodies found in the mucous membrane of 
the small intestines. S. tu'bercle, a tubercular nod- 
ule composed of miliary tubercles enclosed in fibrous 
tissue, frequently found in the central nervous sys- 
tem. SOLIUM 
Solium, so'le-um. A bathing-tub. Also taenia 
solium. 
Sollu'nar (so?, sun, luna, moon). Applied to a fan- 
cied influence exerted by the sun and moon on man 
in a state of health and disease. 
Sol'omon's seal. Polygonatum multiflorum. The 
false Solomon's seal is a perennial plant; genus Smilu- 
cina. 
Solubility, sol-u-bil'it-e (solveo, to set free, habilis, 
able). That property of a body by virtue of which 
it can be dissolved in a menstruum, when it is said to 
be soluble. 
Sol'uble. Relaxing. Term applied to the bowels 
when gently relaxed. See Solubility. S. glass, sili- 
cate of potassium or sodium. 
So'lum. Sole. S. pe'dis, metatarsus, sole. 
Solutio, so-lu'she-o. Solution. S. alexite'ria Gau- 
bi a'na, see Disinfection. S. ammo'niae subcarbo- 
na'tis, liquor ammonii subcarbonatis. S. arseni- 
ca'lis, liquor arsenicalis. S. arsenica'ta, liquor 
arsenicalis. S. arseni'tis kal'icae, liquor arsenicalis. 
S. cal'cis, liquor calcis. S. cam'phorae aethe'rea, 
tinctura aetherea camphorata. S. cam'phorae oleo'sa, 
linimentum camphorse. S. contin'ui, solution of con- 
tinuity. S. cu'pri ammonia'ti, liquor cupri ammoni- 
ati. S. fer'ri nitra'tis, liquor ferri nitratis. S. 
guai'aci gummo'sa, mistura guaiaci. S. muria'tis 
bary'tae, baryta, muriate of. S. muria'tis cal'cis, 
see Calcis murias. S. muria'tis fer'rici aethe'rea, 
tinctura or alcohol sulfurico-aethereus ferri. S. muria'- 
tis hydrar'gyri oxygena'ti, liquor hydrargyri oxy- 
muriatis. S. potas'sii io'didi ioduret'a, liquor io- 
dinii compositus. S. resi'nae guai'aci aquo'sa, mis- 
tura guaiaci. S. solven'tis minera'lis, liquor arsenici 
chloridi. S. subcarbona'tis ammoni'aci spirituo'sa, 
spiritus ammoniae. S. sulpha'tis cu'pri compos'ita, 
Sydenham's styptic water; made of copper sulphate, 
alum, sulphuric acid, and water; styptic and, largely 
diluted, an astringent collyrium. 
Solution, so-lu'shun. Operation consisting in dis- 
solving a solid body in a menstruum. Likewise, the 
product of such operation-Solutum; official title, 
Liquor. It means also with many the termination 
of a disease, with others the termination accompanied 
by critical signs, and with others, again, it is synony- 
mous with crisis. S. of ac'etate of ammo'nia, liquor 
ammonii acetatis. S. of ac'etate of mor'phia, liquor 
morphiae acetatis. S., al'kaline, see Fuligokali. S. of 
al'kaline iron, liquor ferri alkalini. S. of al'um, 
compound, liquor aluminis compositus. S. of am- 
mo'nia, ben'zinated, see Ammonii sulphas. S. of am- 
mo'nia, subcar'bonate of, liquor ammoniae subcar- 
bonatis. S. of ammo'niated cop'per, liquor cupri am- 
moniati. S. of arsen'iate of so'da, see Arseniate of 
soda. S. of arsen'iate of so'dium, see Arseniate of 
soda. S., arsen'ical, liquor arsenicalis. S., arsen'ical, 
De Velangin's, liquor arsenici chloridi. S. of atro'- 
pia, liquor atropiae. S. of car'bonate of so'dium, 
liquor sodii carbonatis. S. of char'coal, con'cen- 
trated, see Tinctura catechu. S. of chlor'ide of 
ar'senic, liquor arsenici chloridi. S. of chlor'ide of 
zinc, see Burnett's disinfecting liquid. S. of chlor'i- 
nated so'da, liquor sodae chlorinatae. S. of chlor'ine, 
see Chlorine. S. of ci'trate of ammo'nium, liquor 
ammonii citratis. S. of ci'trate of magne'sium, see 
Magnesii citras. S. of ci'trate of potas'sium, liquor 
potassae citratis. S. of continu'ity, division of struc- 
tures by injury, ulceration; see Continuity. S. of 
corro'sive sub'limate, liquor hydrargyri oxymuri- 
atis. S., De Valan'gin's, liquor arsenici chloridi. 
S., Don'ovan's, see Arsenic and mercury, iodide of. 
S., Fow'ler's, liquor arsenicalis. S., Gan'nal's, see 
Aluminii acetas. S., Goad'by's (called after the pro- 
poser), is made of bay salt, corrosive sublimate, 
gr. iv; alum, jpj ; and boiling water, Oiv. Employed 
to preserve animal substances. For most purposes it 
may be diluted with an equal bulk of water. S. of 
gut'ta-per'cha in chlo'roform, see Gutta-percha. S., 
Hein'ecke's, see Arseniate of sodium. S. of hydri'- 
odate of potas'sa, liquor potassae hydriodatis. S. 
of hydrochlo'rate of mor'phia, liquor morphiae muri- 
1016 
SOM ATOPLEURE 
atis. S. of i'odide of i'ron, liquor ferri iodidi. S. of 
i'odine, com'pound, liquor iodiuii compositus. S. of 
i'ron, ni'trated, liquor ferri nitratis. S., Lab'arra- 
que's, liquor sodse chlorinatte. S. of lime, liquor calcis. 
S. of lime, sac'charated, liquor calcis saccharatus. S., 
Lu'gol's, liquor iodini compositus. S. of magne'sia, 
condensed, magnesia, fluid. S. of Monro', liquor of 
Monro. S., MonseV's, see Ferri sulphas. S. of mu'- 
riate of mor'phia, liquor morphise muriatis. S. of ni'- 
trate of i'ron, liquor ferri nitratis. S. of ni'trate of 
mer'cury, see Hydrargyri nitras. S. of o'pium, Batt- 
ley's liquor morphias sedativus. S. of oxymu'riate 
of mer'cury, liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis. S., 
Pear'son's, see Arseniate of soda. S. of perman'- 
ganate of potas'sium, liquor potassii permanganatis. 
S. of persul'phate of i'ron, see Ferri sulphas. S., 
Plenck's, see Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum. S. of po- 
tas'sa, liquor potassae. S., saturated, utmost limit 
of solubility of a solid in a menstruum. S. of ses- 
quini'trate of i'ron, liquor ferri nitratis. S. of so'da, 
liquor sodae. S. of strych'nia, see Strychniee murias. S. 
of subac'etate of lead, liquor plumbi subacetas. S. of 
subac'etate of lead, dilu'ted, liquor plumbi subaceta- 
tis dilutus. S. of subcar'bonate of potas'sium, liquor 
potassii subcarbonatis. S. of subsul'phate of i'ron, 
see Ferri sulphas. S. of sul'phate of mor'phia, liquor 
morphiae sulphatis. S. of tar'tarized an'timony, 
vinum antimonii tartarizati. S. of terchlor'ide of 
an'timony, see Antimonium muriatum. S. of terni'- 
trate of sesquiox'ide of i'ron, liquor ferri nitratis. 
S. of Van Swie'ten, liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis. 
S., Vlem'inckx's, see Calcis sulphuretum, 
Solutivus, sol-u-te'vus. Laxative. 
Sol'utol. Solution of cresol in creasotate of sodium. 
Its applications are similar to those of solved. 
Solu'tum. Solution. 
Sol'vens (solveo, to set free). Medicine supposed to 
possess the property of dissolving or removing ob- 
structions and extraneous substances. Thus we have 
solvents of stone in the bladder, etc. See Dissolventia. 
S., min'eral, liquor arsenicalis. 
Sol'vent treat'm ent. Continuous treatment of 
uric-acid calculi by potassium citrate, etc., and of 
hepatocystic calculi or gall-stones by olive oil, etc., 
with the view of effecting their solution. 
Solveol, sol've-ol. Solution of sodium-cresol in 
excess of cresol. Applied in surgery in solution of 
0.5 per cent, as an antiseptic application to wounds 
and abscesses, and in bacteriological researches. 
So'ma. Body; corpus. 
Somacule, so'mah-kule (soma, body). Minutest di- 
vision of protoplasm possible for retention of physio- 
logical properties. 
Somascetics, so-mas-set'iks (soma, askesis, exercise). 
Gymnastics. 
Somatic, so-mat'ik. Concerning the body, as so- 
matic death, or death of the body, in contradistinction 
to molecular death, or the death of a part. 
S omatocatagoniode s, so-mat-o-cat-ag-o-ne-o' dees. 
Double monster with separate trunks, the axes of 
which are divergent. 
Somatodymia, so-mat-o-dim'e-ah (soma, duo, to enter 
into). Double monstrosity in which the trunks are 
united. There are several varieties : Vertebrodymia, 
where the union is by the vertebrae; ischiodymia, by 
the ossa ischii; sternodymia, by the sternum; su- 
pra-omphalodymia, by the super-umbilical regions; 
supra- and infra-omphalodymia, by the superior and 
inferior umbilical regions: and sterno-omphalodymia, 
where the union is by both the sternal and the 
umbilical regions. 
Somatology, so-mat-ol'o-je (soma, logos, discourse). 
Treatise on the human body. Anatomy. 
So'matome (soma, body, tome, division). Vertebral 
segment of embryo. Segment of the body. 
Somatopagus, so-mat-op'ag-us. Double monstros- 
ity with separate trunks. 
Somatoparalle'lus. Double monster with sepa- 
rate trunks, the axes of which are parallel. 
Somatopleure, so'mat-o-plure (pleura). Top layer 
of mesoblast. SOMATOTOMY 
Somatot'omy (soma, tome, incision). Anatomy. 
Somatotridymus, so-mat-o-trid'im-us. Monstrosity 
with three bodies. 
Somites, so'mit-ees. Segments of mesoderm. 
Som'nal. Ethylated chloral urethane. Made by 
combining, in a vacuum apparatus, urethane alcohol- 
ate and chloral. Hypnotic, resembling chloral; no 
disagreeable after-effects, but given in tincture of 
ginger. Useful in insomnia of children, acute alco- 
holism, etc. 
Somnambulation, som-nam-bu-la'shun. Somnam- 
bulism. 
Somnambulism, som-nam'bu-lizm (somnus, ambulo, 
to walk). Sleep-walking. Condition of the brain which 
occasions the individual to execute, during sleep, 
some actions that commonly occur when awake. The 
causes of somnambulism are obscure. S., artificial, 
magnetic, or mesmeric, is that peculiar condition 
into which individuals are thrown by the animal 
magnetizer. It occurs only in those of weak nervous 
temperament, in hysterical females, etc.; see Magnet- 
ism, animal. 
Somnambulis'mus. Somnambulism. S. artificia'- 
lis, somnambulism, magnetic. 
Somnam'bulist. Sleep-walker. 
Somnambulistic. Eelating or appertaining to 
somnambulism, as the somnambulistic state. 
Somnam'bulo. Somnambulist. 
Somnam'bulous. Somnambulistic. 
Somnav'olism. Somnambulism. 
Somniatio, som-ne-ah'she-o (somnium, dream). Act 
of dreaming. S. morbo'sa, hallucination; morbid 
uneasy dreaming. S. in stat'u vigil'!, hallucination. 
Somnifacient, som-ne-fa'shent (somnus, sleep, facio, 
to make). Hypnotic ; a drug inducing sleep. 
Somnif'erin (somnus, sleep,/ero, to bear). A mor- 
phiue-ether compound, thought to be stronger than 
morphine and without action upon the heart. 
Somniferous, som-nif'er-us (somnus, fero, to carry). 
An epithet for a medicine causing sleep. 
Somniloquist, som-nil'o-kwist (somnus, sleep, loquor, 
to speak). One who talks in his sleep. 
Somniloquium, som-nil-o'kwe-um. Somniloquism. 
Talking in sleep. 
Somniloquus, som-nil'o-kwus. Somniloquist. 
Somnium, som'ne-um (somnus, sleep). A confused 
assemblage or accidental and involuntary combination 
of ideas and images presenting themselves to the mind 
during sleep. The state between sleeping and wak- 
ing in which persons perform acts of which they are 
unconscious. Waking dreams. See Hallucination. 
Som'nolence. Somnolency. 
Somnolency, som'no-len-se (somnus). Slumber; 
Heaviness. Sleepiness; a state intermediate between 
sleeping and waking; often a symptom of disease. 
Som'nolent (somnus, sleep). Sleepy; drowsy. 
Somnolentia, som-no-len'she-ah. Somnolency. 
Som'nolism. State of somnolency induced by 
animal magnetism. 
Somnopathy, som-nop'ath-e (somnus, pathos, affec- 
tion). Magnetic somnambulism. 
Somnovigil, som-no-vij'il (somnus, vigil, awake). 
Somnambulism. 
Som'nus. Sleep. 
Somp'nus. Sleep. 
Sonchus, son'kus. Sow thistle, Swine thistle; ord. 
Cichoracese. Most species of it abound with a milky 
juice, which is bitter and said to possess diuretic vir- 
tues. S. arven'sis, plant of Europe, grown in this 
country ; field sow thistle; decoction of the leaves has 
been used as a galactagogue. S. Florida'nus, Mul- 
gedium Floridanum. S. olerac'eus, European plant 
grown in the United States; common sow thistle. 
Sonde (F.). Sound. 
Son'itus aur'lum (sound of the ears). Tinnitus 
aurium. S. cardi'acus, see Heart (sounds). S. cor'- 
dls, see Heart (sounds). S. flu'idi, sound of fluid, 
heard by auscultation or otherwise. S. hepat'icus, 
sound rendered by the liver on percussion. S. intes- 
tinaTis, sound of the movement of the intestines, 
heard by the stethoscope. S. stomach'icus, sound 
1017 
SORBIT 
heard on auscultating or percussing the region of the 
stomach. 
Sonometer, so-nom'e-tur (sonus, sound, metron, meas- 
ure). A hybrid word denoting an instrument con- 
sisting of a small bell fixed upon a table, for testing 
efficiency of treatment for deafness. More correctly 
a phonometer. 
Sono'rous rhon'chus. Bale sonore. 
So'nus. Sound. S. vo'cis, accent. 
Sooja. See JDolichos. 
Sool. See Gastroperiodynia. 
Soor. Aphthae; parasitic stomatitis. 
Soot. Fuligo. S. can'cer, cancer, chimney-sweep- 
er's. S. drops, mixture used in hysteria, consisting 
of wood-soot, asafcetida, and alcohol. S. tea, see 
Fuligokali. S. wart, cancer, chimney-sweeper's. S. 
of wood, substance formed by combustion of wood. 
Sophia, so'fe-ah (sophia, wisdom, from its virtues). 
Sisymbrium sophia. S. chirurgo'rum, Sisymbrium 
sophia. 
Sophistication, so-fis-tik-a'shun (sophistikos, after 
the manner of the Sophists, captious, deceitful). Fal- 
sification or adulteration of drugs. 
Sophoma'nia (sophos, wise, mania). A form of 
mania of grandeur, in which the patient believes in 
his own superior wisdom. 
Sophora heptaphylla, so-fo'rah hep-tah-fil'lah. 
Ord. Leguminoste. The root and seeds of this shrub 
are intensely bitter. Said to be useful in cholera, 
colic, dysentery, etc. S. Japon'ica, tree of Asia, grown 
in the United States, flowers of which are used in 
China to dye a yellow color. S. seric'ea, herb grow- 
ing in Western United States; contains an alkaloid 
thought to be the same as sophorine. S. specio'sa, tree 
growing in Texas, seeds of which are poisonous and 
yield a volatile liquid alkaloid, sophorine. S. tinc- 
to'ria, Wild indigo, Indigo weed, Broom, Indigo broom, 
Horsefly weed, Yellow broom, Clover broom, Rattlebush, 
Yellow indigo. Indigenous; the taste of the root is um 
pleasant, subacrid, and nauseous-similar to ipecac- 
uanha. In a large dose the bark of the root acts both 
as an emetic and cathartic. It has been considered 
antiseptic and febrifuge, and has been used, in the 
form of fomentation or cataplasm, in phagedenic and 
gangrenous ulcers. A liniment, prepared by simmer- 
ing the cortical part of the root in cream, has been 
found efficacious applied to sore nipples and ulcerated 
breasts. 
Sophorine, so'for-een. Alkaloid of Sophora spe- 
ciosa. 
Sophroneticus, so-fro-net'ik-us. Wisdom tooth. 
Sophronistae (so-fron-is'te) den'tes (sophroneo, to act 
wisely). Wisdom teeth. See Dentition. 
Sophronisteres (so-fron-is'ter-ees) den'tes. See 
Dentition. 
Sophros'yne (sophrosune). Temperance. 
So'piens (sopio, to put to sleep). Paregoric. 
Sopient, so'pe-ent. Putting to sleep. 
Sopio, so'pe-o. Opium. 
So'por. Sleep, and especially a profound sleep, 
from which the person can be roused with difficulty; 
a symptom in many of the neuroses. S. caro'ticus, 
the last and totally insensible stage of coma. 
Soporariae (so-por-ar'e-e) arte'riae. Carotids. 
Soporativus, so-por-at-e'vus (sopor). Somniferous. 
Soporiferous, so-por-if'er-us (sopor, ferre, to carry). 
Somniferous. 
Soporif'ic (sopor, facio, to make). Somniferous. 
So'porose (sopor, sleep). Sleepy. 
So'porous (sopor). Sleepy; causing sleep. 
So'ra. Essera. 
Sorb tree. Sorbus domestica. 
Sorbastrel'la. Pimpinella saxifraga. 
Sorbefacient, sor-be-fa'shent (sorbeo, to suck in, 
facio, to make). Bemedy promoting absorption. 
Sorbet'. Scherbet. 
Sorbe'thum, Sorbet'tum, or Sorbe'tum. Scherbet. 
Sor'bic ac'id. Acid of mountain-ash berry. 
Sor'bin. Sugar obtained from mountain-ash berry. 
Sor'bit. Crystalline saccharine principle of moun- 
tain-ash berry ; isomeric with mannit. SORBITIO 
Sorbitio, sor-bish'e-o (sorfteo, to drink). Soup or 
broth. 
Sorbitium, sor-bish'e-um. Soup or broth. 
Sor'bum. See Sorbus domestica. 
Sor'bus. Crataegus aria, Sorbus domestica. S. alpi'- 
na, Crataegus aria. S. America'na, American mountain- 
ash ; bark resembling wild cherry, and useful in the 
same cases. S. a'pia, Crataegus aria. S. aucupa'ria, 
Mountain service, Sorbus of the birdcatchers, Mountain- 
ash, Quicken tree, Roan tree, Witch hazel, Witchwood, 
ord. Rosacese ; berries of tree are employed for same 
purposes as those of Sorbus domestica. S. of the 
bird'catchers, S. aucuparia. S. cydo'nia, Pyrus cy- 
donia. S. domes'tica, Service or Sorb tree; family 
Rosacese; the fruit of the tree, sorbum, is astringent, 
and has been recommended in diarrhcea and dysen- 
tery, given in the form of rob. A kind of cider is 
made from it; also brandy. Saccharine matter ex- 
tracted from the fruit has been called sorbin. S. 
ma'lus, Pyrus malus. 
Sor'des (filth). Dirty-looking sanies discharged 
from ulcers. Also accumulations of the secretions of 
the mouth on the teeth, in adynamic fevers especially, 
and of foul matters in the stomach-sordes primarum 
viarum, rhyparia. Dirt of any kind. S. acathar'- 
sia, ichor, saburra. S. ac'idse, acidities. S. aur'ium, 
cerumen. S. prima'rum via'rum, embarras gas- 
trique ; see Sordes. S. ven'tris, excrement. 
Sordiculse (sor-dic'u-le) aur'ium (sordes). Ceru- 
men. 
Sor'did (sordidus, to be filthy or dirty). Filthy; 
foul. 
Sore. Ulcer. S., bay, disease considered as true 
cancer, endemic in the Bay of Honduras. S. mouth, 
stomatitis. S. mouth, gan'grenous, cancer aquations. 
S. mouth, Swan Al'ley, see Phagedenic chancre. S. 
throat, cynanche. S. throat, cler'gyman's, pharyn- 
gitis, follicular. S. throat, Foth'ergill's, see Scarla- 
tina. S. throat, inflam'matory, cynanche tonsillaris. 
S. throat, pu'trid, cynanche maligna. S. throat, 
tuber'cular, pharyngitis, follicular. S. throat, ul'- 
cerous, cynanche maligna. 
Sore'ness. Painful uneasiness or tenderness, local 
or general, on being touched with pressure that does 
not usually excite distressing feeling; often a febrile 
symptom. Also the tenderness of a wound, ulcer, etc. 
Sorghum, sor'gum. Panicum Italicum. S. sac- 
chara'tum, see Saccharum. 
Soroc'co. Puna. 
Sororiatio, so-ror-e-ah'she-o (sorores, sisters). The 
period at which the breasts of females become devel- 
oped. The act of thus becoming developed. A young 
maiden whose mammae begin to show was formerly 
called Sororians virgo. 
Soro'sis (soros, a collection). Multiple fruit resem- 
bling a mulberry. 
Sor'rel, com'mon. Rumex acetosus. S., field, 
rumex acetosella. S., French, Rumex scutatus. S., 
gar'den, Rumex scutatus. S., moun'tain, Oxalis ace- 
tosella, Oxyria reniformis. S., Ro'man, Rumex scu- 
tatus. S., salt of, potassium oxalate. S., sheep,'Ru- 
mex acetosella. S. tree, andromeda, A. mariana. S., 
Welsh, Oxyria reniformis. S., white, Oxalis aceto- 
sella. S., wood, yel'low, Oxalis stricta. 
Sos'trum (sostron, a reward for preserving life). 
Reward to one saving life. A physician's fee or 
honorarium. 
Sote'ria doctri'na (soterios, preserving). Medicinal. 
Soteriology, so-te-re-ol'o-je (soterios, preserving, lo- 
gos, discourse). Treatise on hygiene. 
So'trum (sotron). Sostrum. 
Souf'fle. Murmur. S., amphor'ic, see Cavernous 
respiration. S., bron'chic see Murmur, respiratory. 
S., metal'lic, see Cavernous respiration. S., placen'- 
tal, bruit placentaire. S., trache'al, see Murmur, 
respiratory. S., u'terine, bruit placentaire. S., whis'- 
pering, bellows sound heard over a solidified lung 
and excavations when the patient whispers. 
Soulamea amara, sou-lah-me'ah am-a'rah. Shrub 
of the Moluccas; very bitter; employed by the Malays 
in cholera and pleurisy and as a febrifuge. 
1018 
SOZOIODOL 
Soul'-blindness. Sight without power of recogniz- 
ing objects seen, due to injury of cerebral area of 
the visual centre. 
Sound. Instrument used by surgeons to discover 
the existence of stone in the bladder; usually made 
of highly polished steel and shaped like the catheter. 
The operation is termed sounding. The French sonde 
has a more distinct signification. It is a name given 
to different instruments introduced into cavities or 
into wounds and fistulas, to probe their condition or 
to fulfil some therapeutical indication. See Sonde. 
Also noise, or the sensation produced on the auditory 
nerve by the vibrations of a sonorous body. Sounds 
may be propagated in-1, reciprocation or consonance, 
as when a sounding body of a definite pitch produces 
a musical tone when another body of the same pitch 
is sounded near ; 2, by resonance, as when a sounding 
body is placed next another, one or more of whose 
parts may be thrown into reciprocal vibration; 3, 
conduction, as where the vibrations are transmitted 
through fluid, liquid, or solid media. Sound also 
means healthy. As a verb, to catheterize. S., auric'- 
ular, sound or probe for the ear. S., bellows, friction, 
rasp, saw sound; see Bruit. S., cracked-pot, bruit 
depotfele. S., crumpling, pul'monary, respiratory 
sound like that of a membrane rubbing against a 
hard body. S. of the heart, see Heart. S., hydat'ic, 
sound heard on percussion over tumors containing 
hydatids. S., larynge'al, laryngeal sound heard by 
the stethoscope during breathing and speaking. S., 
mu'sical, sifflemeut module. S., Nel'aton's, sound, 
porcelain. S. or Probe, por'celain, Nelaton's probe, a 
probe having a bulbous extremity of porcelain for 
probing deep gunshot wounds with the view of de- 
tecting the presence of a ball, which makes a leaden 
mark on the bulb; first, perhaps, used by Dr. Nelaton 
of Paris, in Garibaldi's case. S., u'terine, instrument 
somewhat like a small male catheter, to be introduced 
into the cavity of the uterus in the diagnosis of dis- 
eases of that viscus. When notched on the stem it 
enables the size of the uterine cavity to be appre- 
ciated, and becomes a good hysterometer. 
Sound-conducting appara'tus. Those parts of 
the auditory apparatus external to the labyrinth. 
Sounding. Searching. See Sound. S. the chest, 
see Auscultation. 
Sound'ness of mind. Sanity. 
Soup. See Broth. 
Sour ber'ry. See Oxyacantha Galeni, Vaccinium 
oxycoccos. S. crout, sauerkraut. S. dock, boreal, 
Oxyria reniformis, Rumex crispus. S. gum, Nyssa 
capitata. S. gum tree, Nyssa multiflora. S. leaf, 
Andromeda arborea. S. milk, buttermilk. S. sop, 
Bromelia ananas; fruit of Anona muricata. S. tree, 
Andromeda arborea. S. wood, Andromeda arborea, 
Andromeda mariana, Oxydendron arboreum. 
South American ki'no. Caraccas kino. Resembles 
West India kino in property and Jamaica kino in 
solubility. 
South'ern prickly ash. Xanthoxylum Carolinia- 
num. 
South'ernwood. Artemisia abrotanum. S., field, 
Artemisia campestris. S., maritime, Artemisia mari- 
tima. S., Tartarian, Artemisia santonica. 
Sow bread. Arthanita; Cyclamen. S. this'tle, 
Sonchus oleraceus. 
Sow'ens. Flummery. 
Soy. See Dolichos soja. 
Soymidafebrifuga, soy-me'dah feb-rif'u-gah. Swie- 
tenia febrifuga. 
Soy's disease. Horse-pox. 
Sozoiodol, so-zo-i'o-dol. Di-iodo-phenol-sulphuric acid. 
Monobasic acid, containing nearly 53 per cent, of iodine 
and 7 per cent, of sulphur; in soluble, needle-shaped 
prisms; odorless; antiseptic, and employed wherever 
iodoform may be prescribed, in skin diseases, in gyne- 
cological practice, venereal diseases, general surgery, 
etc. S., mer'cury, has been employed in syphilis, 
applied locally or subcutaneously. S., potas'sium, 
and S., so'dium, are used, especially the latter, in ul- 
cers, affections of the bladder by Irrigation, and in SOZOIODOLATES 
nasal catarrh. S., zinc, is similarly employed, and is 
also used in mucous genito-urinary discharges. 
Sozoio'dolates (of mercury, potassium, sodium, and 
zinc). See Sozoiodol, Mercury, Potassium, etc. 
Sozoiodolic (so-zo-i-o-dol'ik) ac'id. Obtained by de- 
composition of sozoiodol. 
Sozolic (so-zol'ik) ac'id. Aseptol. Liquid with 
odor of carbolic acid. Disinfectant and antiseptic. 
Space, ax'illary. See Axillee. S., Douglas's, see 
Uterus. S. of Fonta'na, see Fonfcma. S., Haver'sian, 
space in cancellous tissue of bone. S., interpedun'- 
cular, see Interpeduncular. S., per'forated, ante'- 
rior, locus perforatus anticus. S., per'forated, pos- 
terior, see Tarini pons. S. of Poiseuille, see Still 
layer. S. of Ret'zius, see Retzius. S. of Te'non, see 
Fascia of Tenon. 
Spade'bone. Scapula. 
Spa'do (spadon). Castratus; spasm. 
Spa'don. Castratus; spasm. 
Spagyr'ia. Chemistry. 
Spagyrists, spaj'ir-ists (spao, to separate, ageiro, to 
assemble). Sect of physicians pretending to account 
for the changes in the human body in health and dis- 
ease in the same manner as the chemists formerly 
explained those of the inorganic kingdom. 
Span. Space from end of thumb to end of little 
finger when extended; nine inches; one-eighth of a 
fathom. 
Spansemia, span-e'me-ah (spanos, poor, haima, blood). 
Poverty of the blood. Diminution of the quantity 
of red corpuscles of the blood. 
Spansemic, spau-e'mik. Relating to spansemia. 
Medicine whose continued use is said to impoverish 
the blood. 
Spanapogon, span-ap-o'gon (spanos, rare, pogon, 
beard). One who has lost his beard or has a thin 
beard. 
Spandarapum, span-dar-ap'um. Sparadrapum. 
Spa'ning. Weaning. S. brash, brash, weaning. 
Span'ish baril'la. Plant called saltwort. Barilla. 
S. bay'onet, plant of genus Yucca, found in some 
parts of the Southern United States, in New Mexico 
and Arizona, having stiff, sharp-pointed leaves. S. 
broom, shrub of genus Spartium, thickly set with 
verdant, flexible, rush-like twigs. S. fe'ver, Texas 
cattle fever. S. fly, cantharis. S. juice, extractum 
glycyrrhizee. S. lic'orice-root, glycyrrhiza (U. S. P.). 
S. moss, Tillandsia usneoides. S. nee'dle, Bidens 
bipinnata. S. oak, Quercus falcata. S. pel'litory, 
Anacyclus pyrethrum. S. saffron, variety of com- 
mercial saffron. S. soap, Castile soap. S. wal'nut 
oil, candle-nut oil. S. white, impalpable powder of 
prepared chalk; nitrate of bismuth. S. wind'lass, 
old-fashioned tourniquet, made by tying a cord or 
handkerchief around the limb and tightening it with 
a piece of wood. 
Span'ton's operation. Method for radical cure of 
hernia by an instrument resembling a corkscrew, 
which is twisted through the canal. 
Spar. A term applied to crystallized earthy min- 
eral of shining lustre. S., flu'or or flu'orite, fluoride 
of calcium; Derbyshire spar. S., heav'y, native sul- 
phate of baryta. 
Sparadrap. (F.). Any adhesive plaster spread 
upon linen or paper. 
Sparadrapa, spar-ad-rap'ah. Sparadrapum. 
Sparadrapum, spar-ad-rap'um. Sparadrap. S. ad- 
hsesi'vum, Adhesive plaster ; spread plaster of emplas- 
trum adhaesivum; also called strapping when applied. 
English courtplaster or Isinglass plaster is a sparadrap. 
It is made by stretching black silk and brushing it 
with a solution of isinglass. S. pro fontic'ulis, issue 
plaster. S. Galte'ri, Defensive plaster, used for issues 
and to keep on dressings, and S. vesicato'rium, un- 
der which name substances introduced as substitutes 
for blistering plaster (see Emplastrum lyttee) have been 
employed, see Charta vesicatoria, Charta cantharidis, 
etc. 
Sparadrapus, spar-ad-rap'us. Sparadrapum. 
Sparagma, spar-ag'mah (sparasso, to tear). Lacera- 
tion. 
1019 
SPASM 
Sparagmus, spar-ag'mus (sparagmos, tearing). 
Spasm, especially epileptic. 
Sparagnosis, spar-ag-no'sis (spargao, to swell). 
Elephantiasis Arabum. 
Spar'agrass. Asparagus. 
Sparagus, spar'ag-us. Asparagus. 
Sparallium, spar-al'le-um. Injection into the 
vagina. 
Sparedia, spar-a'de-ah. Bandage covered with the 
white of egg. 
Sparganium ramosum, spar-gan'e-um ram-o'sum 
(sparganon, swathing-clothes, owing to the band-like 
leaves). Great burreed. Indigenous; ord. Typhaceae. 
Roots are subastringent, but esculent, yielding a fine 
fecula similar to salep ; sometimes made into a poul- 
tice for inflamed mammae. 
Sparganon, spar'gan-on (spargo, to swathe, to wrap). 
Swathing-clothes ; kind of bandage with which chil- 
dren were formerly surrounded; also a fascia or 
band. 
Sparganosis, spar-gan-o'sis (sparganosis, to be full 
to bursting). Extreme distension, as of the breasts 
by milk; wrapping of a child in swathing-clothes; 
elephantiasis Arabum. S. puerpera'rum, phlegmatia 
dolens. 
Spar'ganum. Sparganon. 
Spargosis, spar-go'sis (spargao, to swell). Term ap- 
plied to distension of secretory organs, especially to 
enlargement of the breasts with milk. Elephantiasis. 
Sparganosis. 
Spar'rowgrass. Asparagus. 
Sparse (spargo, to strew about). Term applied to 
branches, leaves, peduncles, and the like which are 
scattered or preserve no regular order. 
Sparsiflo'rous (sparsus, scattered, flos, flower). 
Having scattered flowers. 
Sparsifo'liate (sparsus, scattered, folium, leaf). 
Having scattered leaves. 
Spar'sus (spargo, sparsum, to throw here and there). 
Sporadic. 
Spartein, spar'te-in. Liquid alkaloid from spar- 
tium scoparium. Cardiac tonic and diuretic. See 
Spartium scoparium. 
Spartium junceum, spar'she-um jun'se-um. Span- 
ish broom; ord. Leguminosse; small European shrub 
cultivated in the United States; seeds are diuretic 
and tonic in small doses, emetic and cathartic in 
large ; used in dropsy. S. scopa'rium, Broom. Broom 
tops, Scoparius (Ph. U. S.); tops of Sarothamnus sco- 
parius; Scoparii cacumina (Ph. Br.); have a bitter taste 
and possess diuretic properties. They have been 
used in dropsies. It possesses an organic liquid base 
-spartein or sparteia, C15H26N2, a volatile oily liquid, 
which has narcotic properties; used in form of sul- 
phate ; also a yellow crystallized non-poisonous sub- 
stance-Scoparin-which is diuretic. S. tincto'rium, 
Genista tinctoria. 
Spasis, spas'is. Spasm. 
Spasm (spasmos, spao, to draw). The Greeks thus 
named all convulsions. The word is now usually 
applied to involuntary muscular contractions, and 
these again have been divided into tonic spasm- 
paratonia-consisting in permanent rigidity and im- 
mobility of the muscles that are the seat of it (see 
Tetanus), and clonic spasm, consisting in alternate 
contractions and relaxations; see Convulsion. S., 
clonic, see Spasm and Convulsion. S., cynic, see 
Canine laugh. S., fixed, continuously rigid tetanic 
condition of a muscle or muscles. S., functional, 
cramp, writer's. S. of the glottis, asthma thymicum. 
S., habit, spasmodic actions resulting from habit; one 
form of chorea, for example. S., histrionic, of the 
face, see Tic. S. of the lar'ynx, asthma thymicum. 
S., lock, a form of writer's cramp in which the fin- 
gers become so rigidly contracted upon the pen that 
it cannot be removed. S., masticatory, of the face, 
trismus. S., mimic, of the face, see Neuralgia, facial. 
S., mus'cular, idiopathic, tetanilla. S., re'flex, see 
Beflex. S. with rigidity, tetanus. S. of the stom'- 
ach, cardialgia. S., synclontc, tremulousness of 
muscular action. S., tonic, spasm in which the SPASMA 
affected muscles remain persistently and equally con- 
tracted. S., wri'ter's, cramp, writer's. 
Spas'ma. Spasm. 
Spasmatic, spas-mat'ik. Relating to spasm. See 
Spasmotic. One, in a convulsive disease, in the state 
of excitement. Spasmatode is one unexcited. 
Spas'matode. See Spasmatic. 
Spasmatodes, spas-mat-o'dees. Spasmotic. 
Spasmi, spaz'me. Spasms. See Spasm. 
Spasmodes, spaz-mo'dees. Convulsive. 
Spasmodic, spaz-mod'ik. Spasmotic. 
Spasmodyspnoea, spas-mo-dis-ne'ah (spasmos, spasm, 
dyspnoea, difficulty of breathing). Spasmodic or con- 
vulsive breathing. 
Spasmology, spaz-mol'o-je (spasmus, logos, treatise). 
Treatise on spasm. 
Spasmolygmus, spas-mo-lig'mus. Hiccough. 
Spasmophilia, spas-mo-fil'e-ah (spasmus, phileo, to 
love). Convulsibility. Tendency to convulsions from 
unusual excitability of the motor nervous system. 
Spasmorthopncea, spas-mor-thop-ne'ah. Spasmodic 
breathing. 
Spasmodic. Spastic, Spasmodic, Spasmatic, Spas- 
motic. Anything relating to spasm; also an anti- 
spasmodic. Spasmodic diseases are those accom- 
panied with spasm. 
Spasmotoxine, spas-mo-toks'een (spasmos, convul- 
sion, toxicon, poison). Ptomaine base obtained from 
cultures of bacillus tetani, producing in animals vio- 
lent clonic and tonic spasms. 
Spas'mous. Having the character of spasm. 
Spas'mus (spasmos) Convulsion; spasm. S. au'- 
rium, otalgia. S. bronchia'lis, asthma. S. cani'nus, 
see Canine laugh. S. clon'icus, convulsion. S. cyn'i- 
cus, see Canine laugh and Risus sardonicus. S. faci- 
al'is, neuralgia, facial. S. glot'tidis, asthma thymi- 
cum. S. lin'guae, glossospasmus. S. maxil'lse infe- 
rio'ris, trismus. S. muscula'ris, cramp. S. mus- 
culo'rum, cramp. S. musculo'rum facie'i, canine 
laugh. S. nic'titans, spasmodic or convulsive wink- 
ing. S. nu'tans, convulsion, salaam. S. peripher'- 
icus, horrida cutis. S. universal'is, synclonus. S. 
ventric'uli, see Cardialgia. S. vesi'cae, spasm of the 
bladder. 
Spasnia, spas'ne-ah. Lancinating pain produced 
at times in the chest by violent fits of coughing. 
Spas'tic (spastikos) Spasmodic; spasmotic; in a 
state of tonic spasm; tetanic. S. anse'mia, anaemia 
accompanying spasmodic contraction of the arteries. 
S. dipleg'ia, see Birth palsy. S. gait, peculiar stiff 
gait of spastic paraplegia, based on approximation of 
the knees and dragging of the leg. S. paral'ysis, 
paralysis attended with contraction or spasm of 
muscles, as in the occupation neuroses, writer's 
cramp, etc. 
Spath'a (spathe, broad, flat instrument for stirring 
liquids, spreading plasters, etc.). Spatula for spread- 
ing ointments. 
Spathaceous, spath-a'shus. Resembling a spatha. 
Spathester, spath-es'ter (spao, to draw). Surgical 
instrument for drawing the prepuce over the glans 
when too short. 
Spathomele, spath-o-ma'la (spatha, mele, probe). 
Spatula. 
Spath'ula. Scapula; spatula. S. foe'tida, Iris 
fcetissima. 
Spath'ulate. Like a spatula. 
Spath'um pondero'sum. Barium sulphate. 
Spathyema foetida, spath-e-a'mah fe'tid-ah. Dra- 
contium fcetidum. 
Spatia, spah'she-ah (pl. of Spatium, space) inter- 
costa'lia. Intercostal spaces. S. interlobula'ria, 
interlobular fissures. S. intermuscula'ria, spaces in 
the popliteal region between the hamstring muscles 
and quadriceps extensor. S. inter os'sea metacar'pi, 
spaces between the metacarpal bones. 
Spatile, spat'il-a (human excrement). Liquid fecal 
evacuation. Excrement. 
Spatium (spah'she-um) cerebellomedulla're. Fis- 
sure between inferior vermiform process of cerebellum 
and choroidal plexus of fourth ventricle. S. inter- 
1020 
> SPECIFIC 
aponeurot'icum suprasterna'le, space between super- 
ficial and deep layers of deep cervical fascia above the 
manubrium. S. interpeduncula're, interpeduncular 
fissure. S. intervalvula're, space between sinuses 
of Valsalva on outer surface of aorta. S. o'ris, space 
of the mouth ; mouth. S. suprachoroi'deum, fissure 
between velum interpositum and lyra fornicis. S. 
trigo'num, lyra fornicis. 
Spat'terdock. Nuphar advena. 
Spatula, spat'u-lah. Flat instrument used for 
spreading plasters, stirring ointments, holding down 
the tongue, etc. Also the scapula. S. mal'lei, flat- 
tened end of handle of malleus. S. pro o'rle, spatula 
for the mouth. 
Spatulate, spat'u-late. Like a spatula. 
Spav'in. A swelling in or near the hock joint of 
a horse, which produces lameness. 
Spay'ing (spao, to draw; spado, a castrated person). 
Removal of the ovaries. See Castration. 
Spear'mint. Mentha viridis. S. wa'ter, see Aqua 
menthse piperitie. 
Spear'wort. Ranunculus flammula. 
Spec'ial. See Specific. 
Specialist, spesh'al-ist (species, peculiar sort). One 
devoting himself to a specialty, as to diseases of par- 
ticular parts, the eye, ear, chest, etc. 
Species, spa'se-aze (Eng. spe'shees). Official mix- 
tures of substances cut or bruised. Formerly always 
used for compound powders. See Pulvis. S. anthel- 
min'ticse, equal parts of absinthium, tansy, chamo- 
mile, and santonica ; the first three cut fine and mixed 
with the last. S. aromat'icse, pulvis cinnamomi 
compositus. S. diacinnamo'mi, pulvis cinnamomi 
compositus. S. diacre'tse, pulvis cretae compositus. 
S. diajala'pse, pulvis jalapae compositus. S. diam'- 
brse si'ne odora'tis, pulvis cinnamomi compositus. 
S. diatragacan'thae frig'idae, pulvis tragacanthae 
compositus. S. diuret'icae, roots of lovage, aspara- 
gus, fennel, parsley, and butcher's broom, equal parts. 
S. emollien'tes, emollient species. S. hi'erae pic'rae, 
pulvis aloes cum canella. S. Isetifican'tes Rha'zis, 
pulvis cinnamomi compositus. S. laxan'tes, Saint 
Germain tea. S. ligno'rum, wood tea. S. pectora'- 
lis, pectoral tea. S. purgati'vse, Saint Germain tea. 
S. e scor'dio cum o'pio, pulvis cretae compositus cum 
opio. S. e scor'dio si'ne o'pio, pulvis cretae com- 
positus. S. sudorif 'lose, wood tea. S. vulnera'rias, 
mixture of aromatic and slightly astringent plants, 
reputed to be vulnerary. 
Specif'ic (species, peculiar sort, facio, to make). 
Substance to which is attributed the special property 
of removing some particular disease. Mercury in 
syphilis and sulphur in the itch have been regarded 
as examples. Also used adjectively in the sense of 
special, as specific or special action of a drug. Spe- 
cific is a term also applied to diseases like syphilis, 
which has a specific or undoubted origin, and in this 
sense it is commonly used in practice. In other words, 
specific diseases are those which have a distinct 
course and are due to absorption and development of a 
distinct contagion, virus, or microbe. See Specificity, 
morbid. S. grav'ity, relation between the weight 
of a body and its bulk. Specific gravities of different 
bodies are, as the weights, bulk for bulk. For solids 
and liquids water is taken as the unit; atmospheric 
air for gases. Thus, water is 1.000 ; mercury, at com- 
mon temperature, 13.58 ; mercury is therefore more 
than thirteen times heavier than water. When the 
specific gravity of a substance is given, the tempera- 
ture is assumed to be at 60° Fahr. The following 
table expresses the specific gravity of some of the 
officinal fluids of the Ph. U. S. (Attfield): 
Acid, acetic1.048 
" " dil1.008 
" " glacial 1.056-1.058 
" hydrobromic dil. 1.077 
" hydrochloric . . 1.160 
" " dil. 1.049 
" lactic1.212 
" nitric1.420 
" " dil1.059 
" oleic800-.810 
Acid, phosphoric . . 1.347 
" " dil. . 1.057 
" sulphuric .... 1.840 
" " aromat. .955 
" " dil. . . 1.067 
" sulphurous . 1.022-1.023 
AEther750 
" acetic . . . ,889-.897 
" fortior725 
Alcohol820 SPECIFICITY 
1021 
SPEEDWELL 
spherical aberration. Pantoscopic spectacles have a 
different focus in the upper and lower part. Prismatic 
glasses are employed in muscular asthenopia. Pro- 
tected or protective lenses include tinted glasses and 
lenses arranged to protect the eyes from heat, dust, 
etc., sometimes made of wire, mica, etc. When the 
glass is adapted to one eye, it is called an eyeglass, 
conspicillum, perspicillum, vitrum oculare. See Lens. 
S., protected or protective, see Spectacles. 
Spectra (pl. of Spectrum), fortification. See Tei- 
chopsia and Spectrum. 
Spectroscope (spectrum, skopeo, to view). See 
Spectrum analysis. 
Spectroscopy, spek'tros-cop-e. Use of the spectro- 
scope ; investigation with the spectroscope. 
Spectrum (specio, to see). Spectre. An appear- 
ance, real or imaginary. S. anal'ysis, Prismatic 
analysis. Delicate method of analysis, consisting in 
decomposing by means of a prism the colored light 
given by the salts of metals to the colorless flames of 
alcohol or coal gas. The spectrum is passed through 
a telescope, the apparatus thus constructed being called 
a spectroscope. It is a useful aid to quantitative analy- 
sis, as the colored flame of each metal, even in the 
minutest quantity, is found to give a well-marked and 
characteristic spectrum. Bunsen estimated that the 
amount of sodium which admitted of detection by 
prismatic analysis was the 195,000,000th part of a 
grain, of lithium the 70,000,000th, of calcium the 
100,000,000th of a grain, and so on with other sub- 
stances. Blood-stains can also thus be detected ; see 
Poisons. S., oc'ular, disturbance of vision, consisting 
in the appearance of objects after the objects them- 
selves have been withdrawn ; see Colors, accidental. 
S., so'lar, the colored image produced by white light 
which has been decomposed by passing through a 
prism. It consists of seven different colored fringes 
arranged as follows: red, orange, yellow, blue, green, 
indigo, and violet. (The word vibgyor, including 
the initial letter of each, is a convenient means of 
memorizing them.) Three of these-blue, red, and 
yellow-are simple; the others being mixtures of 
them. 
Specular, spek'u-lar (specularis). Belonging to 
a speculum. S. iron, a species of iron ore; haematite. 
Spec'ulum (Latin, mirror, specio, to behold). Sur- 
gically, an instrument for dilating cavities and facili- 
tating their examination. See Dilator. There are 
various instruments of this kind: for examination of 
the anus, the speculum ani; of the ear, speculum 
auris ; of the vagina, speculum vaginae (colpeurynter, 
elytreurynter); of the uterus, speculum matricis; of 
the eye, speculum oculi; of the nose, speculum nasi; 
of the mouth, speculum oris; of the throat, speculum 
gutturis; of the bladder, speculum vesicse. S. cit'- 
rinum, orpiment. S., Helmon'tic, centre, phrenic. 
S. Helmon'tii, central tendon of diaphragm. S. In'- 
dicum, iron filings. S., intra-u'terine, form of 
speculum devised for the introduction into the cavity 
of the uterus of powerful remedies, such as nitric 
acid. S. laryn'gis, laryngoscope. S. lu'cidum, sep- 
tum lucidum. S. oc'uli, see Ophthalmoscopy. S. 
o'ris, tongue-holder. S., pneumat'ic, form of aural 
speculum having a tube attached in such a way that 
the surgeon can by suction produce motion in the 
membrana tympani. S. rhomboi'deum, rhomboid 
space formed by tendon of trapezius muscles at lower 
cervical and upper dorsal spines. S., Sims's, see Sims. 
S. ven'eris, Achillea millefolium. 
Specus, spa'kus. Vulva. S. cor'dis, ventricle of 
the heart. S. pro medul'la spinaTi, see Vertebral 
column. S. vertebra'lis, see Vertebral column. 
Spedalske, spa-dal'skee. See Radzyge. 
Spedalskhed, spa-dalsk'hed. See Radzyge and Ele- 
phantiasis Graecorum. 
Speech. The articulated voice. S., affec'tions of, 
see Aphasia, Anarthria, Apraxia, etc. S. cen'tre, see 
Centre. 
Speech'lessness. Dumbness; aphasia. 
Speed'well, brook'lime. Veronica beccabunga. 
S., fe'male, Antirhinum elatine. S., offic'inal, ve- 
Alcohol, dil 928 
Amyl nitris . . . .872-.874 
Aq. ammon 959 
" " fort 900 
Bals. Peru .... 1.135-1.150 
Benzinum 670-.675 
Bromum 2.990 
Camphora 990-.995 
Carbonei bisulphidum 1.272 
Cera alba 965-975 
Cera flava 955-967 
Cetaceum 945 
Chloroform purif. 1.485-1.490 
" venali . . 1.470 
Copaiba 940-.993 
Creosote .... 1.035-1.085 
Fel bovis .... 1.018-1.028 
Glycerinum 1.250 
Hydrargyrum .... 13.5 
lodoformum 2.00 
Liquor ammon. acet. . 1.022 
" calcis 1.001 
" ferri acetatis . 1.160 
" " chloridi . 1.405 
" " citratis . 1.260 
" " nitratis . 1.050 
" " subsulph. 1.555 
" " tersulph.. 1.320 
" hydrarg. nit. . 2.100 
" plumbi subace- 
tatis .... 1.228 
" potass® . . . 1.036 
" potassii citratis 1.059 
" sod® 1.059 
" " chlorat® . 1.044 
" sodii silic. 1.300-1.400 
" zinci chlor. . . 1.555 
Mel 1.101-1.105 
Oleum adipis . . . .900-920 
" ®thereum ... .910 
" amyg-am {i:o43-i:o49 
Oleum amyg. express .914-.920 
" anisi ... .976-.990 
" aurantii cort . .860 
" " flor. .850-.890 
" bergamii . . .850-890 
" cajuputi 920 
" cari 920 
" caryoph. . . . 1.050 
" chenopodii . . .920 
" cinnamomi (Cey- 
lon) 1.040 
Oleum cinnamomi (Chi- 
nese) .... 1.060 
" copaiba 890 
" coriandri ... .870 
" cubebee 920 
" erigerontis . . .850 
" eucalypti . . . .900 
" fceniculi . . . .960 
" gaultheriee . . 1.180 
" gossypii sem. .920-930 
" hedeom® . . . .940 
" j uniperi 870 
" lavandul® . . . .890 
" " flor. . .890 
" limonis 850 
" lini 936 
" menth. pip. . . .900 
" " virid. .' .900 
" morrhuee . . .920-.925 
" myrciee .... 1.040 
" myristic® . . . .930 
" oliv® 915-.918 
" picis liquida . . .970 
" piment® .... 1.040 
" ricini . . . .950-970 
" ros® 860 
" rosmarini . . . .900 
" rut® 880 
" sabin® 910 
" santali 945 
" sassafras . . . 1.090 
" sesami . . . .914-.923 
" sinapis vol. 1.017-1.021 
" succini 920 
" terebinthin® .855-.870 
" thymi 880 
" tiglii 940-.955 
" valerian® . . . .950 
Petrolatum 835-.860 
Phosphorus (at 50° F.). 1.830 
Resina 1.070-1.080 
Sp. ffitheris nitrosi . .823-.825 
" ammonia ..... .810 
" " aromat. . .885 
" frumenti . . . .930-.917 
" vini gallici . . .941-.925 
Syrupus 1.310 
Syr. acidi hydriodici . 1.300 
Thymol 1.028 
Tinct. ferri acetatis . . .950 
" " chloridi . .980 
Vinum album . . .990-1.010 
" rubrum . . .989-1.010 
S. heat, quantity of heat required to raise the tem- 
perature of a body one degree, taking as the unit of 
measure the quantity required to raise the same 
weight of water one degree. S. intensity, vital sta- 
tistical term used to express the number living at 
a certain age divided by the number dying at that 
age. 
Specificity (spes-if-is'it-e), mor'bid. Occult qual- 
ity of a disease which gives occasion to peculiarity 
in its nature, evolution, and treatment. 
Specif'icum Paracel/si. Potassii sulphas. 
Specillum, spes-il'lum (specio, to examine). Stylet. 
An instrument employed for examining wounds, 
fistulas, and for passing setons, etc.; usually made of 
silver, and terminating at one end by an olive-shaped 
button.. The eyed probe has an aperture at the other 
extremity. The perforator of the trocar is called a 
stylet or specillum; also the wire or metallic rod of 
the flexible catheter, which gives it firmness. See 
Everriculum, Hypaleiptron, Sound. S. auricula'rium, 
sound or probe without a button or nut. S. ce'reum, 
bougie. S. excava'tum, a hollow sound. S. la'tum, 
spatula. S. mi'nus, a small probe. S. sulca'tum, see 
Grooved. 
Speck'led leech. Hirudo medicinalis. 
Specks of cor'nea. See Caligo. 
Speclarion, spek-lah're-on (speklarion). Specillum. 
Spectacled snake. Naja vulgaris or cobra di 
capello, so named from resemblance of certain lines 
on its head to spectacles. 
Spectacles (specto, to behold). Glasses to assist the 
sight; arranged so as to be adapted to both eyes, and 
more or less concave or convex according as the 
sight is short (myopic) or long (presbyopic). Peri- 
scopic spectacles consist of concavo-convex and con- 
vexo-concave lenses, and therefore have but little SPEEDY CUT 
ronica. S., pur'slain, Veronica peregrina. S.,wa'te~, 
Veronica beccabunga. 
Speed'y cut. Injury of front leg of horse inflicted 
by the opposite fore part. 
Spell'bone. Fibula. 
Spel'trum. Zinc. 
Spend'ing (expendo, to weigh out, to expend). Ejac- 
ulation of semen. 
Sperage, sper'aje. Asparagus. 
Sper'agus. Asparagus. 
Sperm (sperma, the germ). Spermatic fluid or liquor, 
Seminal fluid, Seed, Semen, Serum, Male's milk, Propaga- 
tory or Genital liquor, Vital or Quickening venom. Whit- 
ish, viscid fluid of a peculiar smell secreted by the tes- 
ticles, whence it is carried by the vasa deferentia to 
the vesiculse seminales, to be thrown into the vagina, 
during coition, through the ejaculatory ductsand the 
urethra. It is the fecundating fluid, and must come 
into contact with the germ of the female. The aura 
seminis is incapable of effecting fecundation. Semen, 
at the time of emission, is composed of two different 
fluids: the one liquid and transparent, considered to 
be the secretion of the prostate; the other white, and 
as thick as mucilage, the product of the testicular 
secretion. Sperm contains, according to Vauquelin, 
900 parts of water, 50 of animal mucilage, 10 of 
soda, and 30 of calcareous phosphate. The animal 
matter is peculiar, and by some termed spermatin. 
An extract made from the testicular secretion has 
been employed as a general invigorator, especially 
advocated by Dr. Brown-Sequard. Microscopic ob- 
servations show that it contains spermatozoa, or more 
properly spermatozoids, for their animalcular nature 
is not demonstrated. They are produced in cells- 
sperm-cells-and have probably no more title to be 
considered animalcular than the cilia of the ciliated 
epithelium or filaments. By careful examination 
other minute, round, granulated bodies may be de- 
tected, less numerous than the spermatozoa, and 
called seminal granules, granula seminis, sperma- 
tophori. Pure sperm consists principally of sperma- 
tozoids and seminal granules enveloped in a small 
quantity of fluid, liquor seminis, spermatic liquor. It 
has been erroneously imagined that during coition 
there is a secretion of female sperm-semen muliebre. 
The increased secretion that takes place is chiefly 
from Duverney's glands. Sperm also means sper- 
maceti. S. cells, see Sperm. S. fil'aments, sperma- 
tozoa; see Sperm. S. whale, physeter macrocephalus. 
Sperma (spur'mah), Sper'ma viriTe. Sperm. S. 
mercu'rii, hydrargyrus acetatus. S. rana'rum, frog's 
spawn, once used in medicine. 
Spermaceti, spurm-as-e'te (sperma, cetus, a whale). 
Cetaceum. S. whale, see Cetaceum. 
Spermacrasia, spur-mah-kras'e-ah (sperma, akrasis, 
want of self-control). Spermatorrhoea. 
Spermagon'ia. Spermatogonia. 
Spermaspasmos, spur-mah-spaz'mos (sperma, spas- 
ma, spasm). See Spermatorrhoea. 
Spermatacrasia, spur-mat-ak-rah'se-ah (sperma, 
akrasia, want of self-control). Spermatorrhoea. 
Spermatacratia, spur-mat-ak-rat-e'ah (sperma, a, 
priv., kratos, power). Spermatorrhoea. 
Spermatemphrax'is (sperma, emphraxis, obstruc- 
tion). Obstruction to discharge of semen. 
Spermatic, spurm-at'ik. Seminal. Relating to the 
sperm. A name given to different parts connected 
with the organs of generation. S. ar'teries are two 
in number-one on each side-arising from the sides 
of the aorta, sometimes from the renal arteries. They 
descend almost vertically at the sides of the verte- 
bral column, and are distributed differently in the 
two sexes. In man the spermatic artery, situate at 
the side of the vas deferens, issues by the abdominal 
ring, gives numerous ramifications to the spermatic 
cord, and divides into fasciculi of branches, one going 
to the testicle, the other to the epididymis. In the 
female the spermatic artery, ovarian or utero-ovarian 
artery, dips into the pelvis and passes to the ovarium, 
Fallopian tube, and round ligament. S. cord or 
chord, Testicular cord, the vascular and nervous cord 
1022 
SPERM ATOCYSTI DES 
by which the testicle is suspended. It is composed 
of the spermatic artery and veins, of other small 
vessels, of lymphatics, of nervous filaments from the 
spermatic plexus and from the genito-crural branch 
of the lumbo-abdominal plexus, of the vas deferens, 
and often of a fibrocellular cord uniting the perito- 
neum to the upper part of the tunica vaginalis, and 
in which encysted hydrocele of the spermatic cord 
occurs. All these parts are united together by coats 
which, from without, are-1. The skin and areolar 
membrane. 2. A fibrocellular membrane, formed by 
the fascia superficialis. 3. A thin layer, formed by 
fibres of the cremaster muscle, united archwise be- 
fore, and often also behind, the cord. 4. The sheath 
proper of the spermatic vessels, or the tubular pro- 
longation furnished by the fascia transversalis to the 
cord, on a level with the superior orifice of the in- 
guinal canal. The spermatic cord is commonly 
shorter on the right side than on the left, and of a 
different size in different individuals. It ascends 
almost vertically from the superior margin of the 
testicle as far as the lower orifice of the inguinal 
canal, passes through this canal, and enters the ab- 
domen, crossing the epigastric artery. Here it forms 
an evident elbow, directing its course backward. 
Here, also, the organs composing it separate, the vas 
deferens descending into the pelvis to pass behind 
the bladder-the blood-vessels and lymphatics ascend- 
ing toward the lumbar region. S. duct, vas deferens. 
S. fas'cia, intercolumnar fascia. S. fil'aments, sper- 
matozoa. S. fluid, sperm. S. gan'glion, a large 
ganglion formed by branches from the hypogastric 
ganglion and spermatic plexus. It supplies the fun- 
dus uteri. Besides these, other ganglia have been 
described, such as the vesical and vaginal ganglia, 
and anterior and posterior subperitoneal ganglia and 
plexuses, which communicate with the preceding and 
constitute an extensive nervous rete over the entire 
uterus. S. liq'uor, liquor seminis; see Sperm. S. 
pas'sages or ways, canals concerned in the excretion 
of semen; see Testicle. S. plex'uses of nerves are 
two in number, furnished by the renal plexuses. 
Their filaments, called spermatic nerves, follow the 
arteries of the same name to the testicle in man, and 
to the ovary and Fallopian tube in the female- 
ovarian nerves. S. veins are two or three in number 
on each side. They accompany the spermatic artery, 
and open-those of the right, into the vena cava in- 
ferior ; those of the left, into the corresponding renal 
vein. These veins form, above the testicle, a kind 
of venous network, the spermatic plexus and corpus 
varicosum; and another plexus before the psoas 
muscles, called the corpus pampiniforme. 
Spermatides, spurm'at-eeds. Immature sperma- 
tozoa. 
Spermatin, spurm'at-in. See Sperm. 
Sperm'atis. Spermatic vein. 
Spermatism, spurm'at-izm. Emission of sperm. 
Animalculism. The doctrine that the embryo is pro- 
duced by the so-called spermatic animalcules. 
Sperm'atist. Animalculist. 
Spermatoblast, spurm'at-o-blast. Round or oval 
epithelial body of seminal tubules from which sperma- 
tozoa develop. 
Spermatocele, spurm-at-o-se'le (Eng. spurm'at-o- 
seel) (sperma, kele, tumor). Swelling of the testicle, 
formerly regarded as produced by an accumulation 
of sperm in the organ. Encysted hydrocele of the 
testicle. Varicocele. 
Spermatochorda, spurm-at-o-kor'dah (sperma, 
chorda, cord). Spermatic cord. 
Spermatoclemma, spurm-at-o-klem'mah (sperma, 
klepto, to steal). Involuntary ejaculation of semen. 
See PoUution. 
Spermatoclepsis, spurm-at-o-klep'sis. See Pollu- 
tion. 
Spermatocydia, spurm - at - o - sid' e - ah. Seminal 
ducts. . 
Spermatocystides, spurm-at-o-sis'tid-ees (pl. of 
Spermatocystis) (sperma, kustis, bladder). Vesjculaj 
seminaleg, SPERM ATOCYSTIDORRHAGIA 
Spermatocystidorrhagia, spurm-at-o-sis-tid-or- 
rhaj'e-ah {spermatocystides, rhage, breaking forth). 
Discharge of blood from the urethra in the act of 
ejaculation of sperm. 
Spermatocystitis, spurm-at-o-sis-te'tis {spermato- 
cystis, itis). Inflammation of the vesiculse seminales. 
Spermatocyte, spurm'at-o-site {sperma, kutos,n cell). 
Epithelial cell from which is developed the spermato- 
zoon. 
Spermatodes, spurm-at-o'dees {sperma, odes). Go- 
noides. 
Spermatogenesis, spurm-at-o-jen'e-sis {sperma, gen- 
esis, producing). Formation of sperm. 
Spermatogeny, spurm-at-oj'en-e. Developmental 
formation of sperm. 
Spermatogonia, spurm-at-o-gon'e-ah {sperma, gen- 
nao, to beget). Preparation or secretion of sperm. 
Sperm'atoid {sperma, eidos, resemblance). Like 
sperm. Spermatozoa. 
Spermatolep'sis, {sperma, lepsis, taking away). See 
Pollution. 
Spermatolipsis, spurm-at-o-lip'sis. See Pollution. 
Spermatol'ogy {sperma, logos, discourse). Treatise 
on sperm. 
Spermatomere, spurm'at-o-mere. Spermatoblast. 
Spermatopathia, spurm-at-o-path-e'ah {sperma, pa- 
thos, disease). Morbid condition of the sperm. 
Spermatop'athy. Spermatopathia. 
Spermatopho'bia {sperma, phobos, dread). State of 
mind attendant on seminal losses. 
Spermatophore, spurm'at-o-for {sperma, phoreo, to 
carry). Albuminous nest-eggs, as it were, of the 
spermatozoa. 
Spermatophorous, spurm - a - tof' or - us {sperma, 
phoreo, to carry). Sperm-bearing. The cells or gran- 
ules in the sperm have been so called, Spermatophori. 
See Sperm. 
Spermatopoe'ia or Spermatopoe'sis {sperma, poieo, 
to make). Preparation or secretion of sperm. 
Spermatopoet'ic. Spermatopoeus. 
Spermatopoeus, spurm-at-o-pe'us. Food to which 
has been attributed the property of augmenting the 
secretion of semen, and consequently of exciting the 
venereal act. Very succulent and nutritious sub- 
stances have been so considered. 
Spermatorrhoea, spurm-at-or-rhe'ah {sperma, rheo, 
to flow). An emission of sperm without copulation. 
Spasmodic spermatorrhoea, spermaspasmus, is an 
emission of sperm simultaneous with erection of the 
penis or after its partial subsidence. See Gonorrhoea 
and Pollution. S. aton'ica, discharge occurring to a 
person awake, without erection. S. dormien'tium, 
nocturnal emission of semen. S., false, Prostator- 
rhoea. Emission of fluid devoid of spermatozoa. 
Spermatos'chesis {sperma, schesis, retention). Re- 
tention or suppression of the spermatic secretion. 
Spermatosis, spurm-at-o'sis. Production of semen. 
Spermatosomata, sperm-at-o-so'mat-ah {sperma, 
soma, body). Spermatozoa. 
Spermatospores, spurm'at-o-spores. Large cells of 
seminal tubules which produce spermatoblasts. 
Spermatozemia, spurm-at-o-za'me-ah {sperma, zemia, 
loss). Spermatorrhoea. 
Spermatozo'a (pl. of Spermatozoon) {sperma, zoon, 
animal). Protozdids, Seminal or Spermatic filaments, 
Spermatic or Seminal animalcules. Reputed animalcules 
seen in the sperm, considered to be the formative 
agents furnished by the male in generation. The 
following facts of interest as to spermatozoa have 
been collected (Vierordt): The rapidity of motion of 
spermatozoa is 1.2-2.7 mm. per minute (Henle, Kra- 
mer, Hensen), 3.6 mm. per minute (Lott). In three 
hours they can reach the neck of the uterus, starting 
from the external orifice of the hymen (Sims). The 
most favorable temperature for their mobility is 35° C. 
(Engelmann). Motion was found to exist in sperma- 
tozoa taken from the cervix uteri of a woman after 
five days (even after seven and a half days, B. Haus- 
mann). A temperature of 17° C. deprives the sper- 
matozoa of motion (Mantegazza), while it was found 
that they exhibited motion at 47° C. See Sperm. 
1023 
SPHXERANTHUS 
Spermatozo'ids (sperma, soon, animal, eidos, resem- 
blance). Spermatozoa. 
Spermatozoon, spurm-at-o-zo'on. See Spermatozoa. 
Sperm'iduct (sperma, ductus, duct). Vas deferens. 
Spermine, sperm'een. C2H5N. Leucomaine pro- 
cured from semen and other sources, such as liver, 
heart, testicles, etc. Also base obtained from the tes- 
ticles or sperm of man and other animals; used in 
nervous depression and debility. See Sperm and 
Leucomaines (table). 
Spermi'ni hydrochlo'ras. Spermine hydrochlorate 
or muriate. Salt of spermine used therapeutically. 
See Spermine. 
Spermiolum (sperm-e'o-lum) rana'rum. Frog's 
spawn, once used in medicine. 
Spermium, spurm'e-um. Sperm. 
Spermoblast, spurm'o-blast. Spermatoblast. 
Spermob'ole (sperma, ballo, to throw). See Ejacula- 
tion and Spermatism. 
Sperm oedeonecrosis, spurm-e-de-o-nek-ro'sis (sperm- 
cedia, diseased seeds). Sphacelus produced by ergotism. 
Spermoedia clavlus, spurm-o-ed'e-ah klav'e-us 
(sperma, oideo, to swell). Ergot. 
Spermolith, spurm'o-lith (sperma, lithos,a stone). A 
calculus in the spermatic duct or vesicula seminalis. 
Spermoneuralgia, spurm-o-nu-ral'je-ah (sperma, 
neuralgia). Neuralgia of the spermatic cord. 
Spermophlebectasia, spurm-o-fleb-ek-taz' e-ah 
(sperma, phleps, vein, ektasis, dilatation). A varicose 
condition of the spermatic veins. 
Spermophleps, spurm'o-fleps (sperma, phleps, vein). 
Spermatic vein. 
Spermophorum, spurm-of'o-rum. Vesicula semi- 
nalis. 
Spermorrhce'a. Spermatorrhoea. 
Spermoste'mon (sperma, stemon, the thread of the 
weft). Spermatozoon. 
Spermothe'ca (sperma, theca, sheath). A reservoir 
or sac in the interior of the body of some insects, 
as the bee, becoming filled with the fertilizing fluid 
of the male. 
Spermozo'a (pl. of Spermozoon) (sperma, zoon, ani- 
mal). Spermatozoa. 
Spes phthisica, spaze tis'ik-ah. Hopeful tempera- 
ment of the consumptive. 
Spewing, spue'ing (ptuo, to spit). Vomiting. 
Sphacelated (sfas'e-la-ted) or Sphacela'tus. Af- 
fected with sphacelus. 
Sphacelation, sfas-e-la'shun. Mortification. 
Sphacelia segetum, sfas-a'le-ah sej'et-um (sphace- 
lus). Ergot. 
Sphacelinic (sfas-e-lin'ik) ac'id. Acid contained 
in ergot. 
Sphacelism, sfas'el-izm. State of being affected 
with sphacelus. S. of the brain, phrenitis. 
Sphacelis'mus. .Sphacelism. S. cer'ebri, phrenitis. 
SphaceVium. Claviceps purpurea. Parasitic fungus 
of rye. 
Sphaceloderma, sfas-el-o-dur'ma (sphacelus, derma, 
skin). Skin gangrene. See Gangrene, symmetrical, 
and Raynaud's disease. 
Sphaceloid, sfas'el-oid. Resembling sphacelus. 
Sphacelous, sfas'el-us. Pertaining to sphacelus. 
Sphacelus, sfas'el-us (sphazo, to slay). Mortification. 
Word used by some synonymously with gangrene; 
by others with gangrene when it occupies the whole 
substance of a limb. It also means the disorganized 
portion in cases of mortification, anthraconecrosis, 
which must be thrown off, or is, in other words, 
totally dead. The foul, disorganized portion of an 
ulcer-called the slough-must be considered a kind 
of sphacelus. Sphacelus was formerly used to denote 
excessive pain, and also agitation from excessive pain 
or violent emotion. S. cerea'lis, ergotism. S. noso- 
comia'lis, hospital gangrene. 
Sphaera, sfe'rah (sphaira, ball). A ball. S.mari'na, 
Pila marina. S. thalas'sia, Pila marina. 
Sphaersesthesia, sfer-ees-tha'ze-ah. Sensation of 
the presence of a globular body, as in globus hystericus. 
Sphaeran'thus (sfe-ran'thus) In'dicus (sphsera, an- 
thos, flower). A Malabar plant, acrid and aromatic. SPHxE R EC PH LOG I SOU M 
Sphaerecphlogiscum, sfe-rek-flo-gis'cum (sphaera, 
ekphlogizo, to light up). Chicken-pox with spherical 
vesicles. 
Sphaeria Sinensis, sfe're-ah sin-en'sis (sphaira, 
globe). Summer plant, Winter worm,Vegetable caterpillar. 
Fungus projecting from the neck of a lepidopterous 
insect, esteemed by the Chinese as a tonic, like gin- 
seng. 
Sphseridion, sfe-rid'e-on (dim. of Sphsera). Glob- 
ule ; small pill or granule. 
Sphae'rion. Globule; small pill or granule. 
Sphaerobacteria, sfe-ro-bak-te're-ah. Micrococci. 
Spliaerocephala elatior, sfe-ro-sef'al-ah el-at'e-or 
(sphaera, kephale, head). Echinops. 
Sphserococcus (sfe-ro-kok'kus) cris'pus (sphsera, 
kokkos, berry). Fucus crispus. S. edu'lis, Halymenia 
edulis. S. helmintho'chortus, Corallina Corsicana ; 
variety of Mediterranean algae known as Corsican 
moss. S. lichenoi'des, Fucus amylaceus; Ceylon 
moss which is edible. S. mamillo'sus, Chondrus 
mamillosus. 
Sphaeroma, sfe-ro'mah. Spherical prominence, 
swelling, or tumor. 
Sphaerom'eter. Spherometer. 
Sphaerula Galeni, sfe'ru-lah gal-a'ne (dim. of Sphae- 
ra). Pilula; small pill or granule. 
Sphae'rulae san'guinis. Blood-globules. 
Spha'ge (sphage). Throat. 
Sphagiasmus, sfaj-e-as'mus. Spasm of the neck- 
muscles. 
Sphalerotocia, sfal-er-o-to'se-ah (sphdleros, false, 
tokos, parturition). Counterfeit labor-pains. 
Sphendone, sfen'do-na (sphendone, sling). A sling 
or sling-bandage. See Funda. 
Sphenenceph'alus. See Sphenocephale. 
Sphe'nion. Apex of sphenoidal angle of parietal 
bone on the surface of the skull. 
Sphe'no. In the composition of anatomical terms, 
the sphenoid bone. 
Sphenocephalia, sfen-o-sef-al'e-ah (sphen, a wedge, 
kephale, head). Monstrosity in which the head is 
wedge-shaped, owing to the projection of the anterior 
fontanelle region, giving a bird-like appearance to the 
face. The monster is called a Sphenocephalus. 
Sphenocephalus, sfen-o-sef'al-us (sphen, a wedge, 
kephale, head). See Sphenocephalia. 
Sphe'no-ethmoid'al recess'. Recess in the angle 
formed by the cribriform and body of the sphenoid. 
Sphe'noid (sphen, a wedge, eidos, resemblance). 
Wedge-shaped. Hence, S. bone, Pterygoid bone; an 
azygous bone, situate on the median line and at the 
base of the cranium. It articulates with all the bones 
of that cavity, supports them, and strengthens their 
union. Its form is singular, and resembles a bat with 
the wings extended. It has-1. An inferior or gut- 
tural surface, on which is situate the crista that joins 
the vomer, a channel which occurs in forming the 
pterygopalatine foramen, the pterygoid process, the 
pterygoid fossa, the scaphoid depression, the Vidian of 
pterygoid canal, the foramina (f. ovale, f. spinale). 2. 
A superior or cerebral surface, on which are the cli- 
noid processes, the pituitary fossa, the foramina (f. 
ovale, f. rotundum, and f. spinale), the apophysis of In- 
grassias or lesser wing, the foramen opticum, etc. 3. 
An occipital or posterior surface articulating with the 
basilary process of the occipital bone. 4. An anterior 
or orbitar nasal surface, having anteriorly a crista to 
unite with the ethmoid bone, and on each side a 
round aperture leading into two cavities in the sub- 
stance of the bone, separated by a middle septum, 
and called the sphenoidal sinuses or cells. 5. Two 
zygomato-temporal or external surfaces corresponding 
to the temporal and zygomatic fossae. Some divide 
the sphenoid into body or middle portion, and alae, 
four in number, subdivided into great (temporal 
plates or wings, alee magnae) and little (apophyses of 
Ingrassias, alae minores, processus ensiformes). The 
sphenoid suture surrounds the bone. S., spi'nous 
pro'cess of, sphenoid bone. 
Sphenoid'al. Belonging or relating to the sphe- 
noid bone. S. an'gle, angle formed by lines drawn 
1024 
SPHENOMAXILLARY 
from saddle-shaped depression of sphenoid bone to the 
middle of the anterior wall of the foramen magnum, 
and to a point of junction of the nasal and frontal 
bones. S. ar'tery, branch of middle cerebral artery 
supplying sphenoidal lobe. S. cells, see Sphenoid bone. 
S. cor'nua, Cornua of Berlin, Pyramids of Wistar, 
Bones of Bertin; two small, thin, and curved bones 
situate between the sphenoid and ethmoid, with which 
they are confounded in the adult. They have the 
shape of a hollow pyramid with the base turned 
backward, and are developed by a single point of os- 
sification. They are articulated with the sphenoid, 
ethmoid, palate-bone, and vomer. S. crest, thin pro- 
jecting edge, in middle line of anterior surface of the 
body, which extends downward from the sphenoidal 
spine and terminates in the rostrum. S. diam'eter, 
min'imum, smallest transverse diameter of space 
measured in the temporal fossa. S. fon'tanelle, see 
Fontanelle. S. fora'men, opening formed in greatest 
part by a deep notch between the orbital and sphe- 
noidal processes, and completed above by the sphe- 
noidal spongy bone. It leads from the spheno-max- 
illary fossa into the nasal cavity, and transmits an 
internal vein from Meckel's ganglion and nasal 
branch of internal maxillary artery. S. or'bltary 
fls'sure, large fissure between the great and little alae 
of the sphenoid, seen at the upper and back part of 
the orbit, between which and the cranium it is a 
means of communication, and transmits the third, 
fourth, and sixth pairs of nerves, and the first branch 
of the fifth pair, to the eye and its appendages. S. 
pro'cess, thin layer of bone curving upward, inward, 
and backward from posterior part of vertical plate. 
Its superior or external surface is in contact with 
the sphenoidal spongy bone and base of internal 
pterygoid plate, and is grooved for completion of 
pterygo-palatine canal. Its internal or under surface 
looks to the posterior nares; at its base a third 
surface looks forward and outward into the spheno- 
maxillary fossa. Its inner extremity is in contact 
with the wing of the vomer. S. si'nuses, see 
Sphenoid. S. spine-1. A projecting crista at the 
inferior surface of the sphenoid bone for articulation 
with the vomer. 2. A triangular process met with 
near the posterior margin of the same bone, behind 
the foramen spinale. At the point of the spinous 
process a styloid process is frequently met with. S. 
spon'gy bones or tur'binate bones (cornua, sphenoi- 
dalia) form a considerable part of the anterior wall 
of the body of the sphenoid, including the foramen 
of each sinus. They have a triangular form, with 
the apex directed downward. In the adult they are 
usually incorporated with the sphenoid, but originally 
are separately developed. 
Sphenoida'le basila're ante'rius. Anterior por- 
tion of the body of the sphenoid. S. basila're pos- 
ti'cum, lower part of sphenoid bone. S. latera'le 
poste'rius, lateral portion of sphenoid bone. 
Sphenoida'lia latera'lia. Sphenoidal wings. 
Sphenoi'des (sphenoeides). Cuneiform; sphenoid. 
S. os, sphenoid bone. 
Sphenoido-auricular (sfe-no'id-o-aur-ik'u-lar) in'- 
dex. Relation between least sphenoidal diameter of 
the skull in the temporal fossa and the least biauric- 
ular diameter, taken as one hundred. 
Sphenoidofron'tal in'dex. Relation between least 
sphenoidal diameter of the skull and the least frontal 
diameter, taken as one hundred. 
Sphenoidopari'etal in'dex. Relation between the 
least sphenoidal diameter of the skull and the great- 
est frontal diameter, taken as one hundred. 
Sphenoma'lar su'ture. Articulation between 
great wing of sphenoid and malar bone. 
Sphenomaxillary, sfe-no-maks'il-la-re. Relating to 
the sphenoid and maxillary bones. S. crest, highest 
portion of sphenoid which separates the sphenomax- 
illary and infratemporal surfaces of bone. S. fis'- 
sure is situate at the posterior part of the angle 
formed by the union of the internal and inferior pa- 
rietes of the orbit. It is constituted, above, by the 
sphenoid bone, below -by the superior maxillary and SPHENOMETER 
palate bones, and before by the malar bone. It is 
narrower at the middle than at the extremities, and 
forms a communication between the orbitar cavity 
and the zygomatic fossa. S. fos'sa, depression at the 
union of the sphenomaxillary and pterygomaxillary 
fissures. S. sur'face, external surface of great wing 
of the sphenoid which faces the zygomatic fossa. 
Sphenometer, sfe-nom'et-ur (sphenoid, metrori). In- 
strument used to ascertain the length of bone to be 
removed in correcting deformity of the sphenoid bone. 
Sphe'no-occip'ital bone. Part formed by union of 
occipital with sphenoid bone. 
Spheno-orbitar, sfe'no-or'bit-ar. Name given to 
the anterior part of the body of the sphenoid bone. 
Sphenopalatine, sfe-no-pal'at-een. Relating to the 
sphenoid and palate bones. S. ar'tery, Large lateral 
nasal artery, termination of the internal maxillary. 
It enters at the posterior part of the superior meatus 
of the nose through the sphenopalatine foramen, and 
spreads its numerous branches on the pituitary mem- 
brane covering the septum, the cornua, and the mea- 
tus. S. fora'men, round aperture formed by the ver- 
tical portion of the os palati and the sphenoid. It 
establishes a communication between the nasal fossae 
and the zygomatic fossa. S. gan'glion, Ganglion of 
Meckel, Sphenoidal ganglion; small, nervous ganglion, 
of variable size, situate without the foramen sphaeno- 
palatinum in the pterygomaxillary fissure.. It seems 
suspended by several nervous filaments to the trunk 
of the superior maxillary nerve, and gives off inter- 
nal or sphenopalatine filaments, inferior or palatine 
filaments, and a posterior filament, which is the Vidian 
or pterygoid nerve. S. nerves, Lateral nasal nerves; 
these arise from the ganglion just described, at its 
inner part, and enter the nasal fossae by the spheno- 
palatine foramen. They are five or six in number, 
and distribute their filaments to the outer and inner 
parietes of the nasal fossae. One remarkable branch 
is the nasopalatine. S. notch, space existing between 
the orbital and sphenoidal processes of the palate- 
bone, which go to form the sphenopalatine foramen. 
S. plex'us, nerve-plexus which communicates with 
the sphenopalatine ganglion. S. veins, tributaries of 
pterygoid plexus adjacent to artery of the same name. 
Sphenopalatinus, sfe-no-pal-at-e'nus. Levator 
palati. 
Sphenoparietal, sfe-no-par-i'e-tal. Belonging or 
relating to the sphenoid and parietal bones. S. 
in'dex, sphenoidoparietal index. S. si'nus, an- 
terior part of cavernous sinus of dura mater 
where it joins the ophthalmic vein. S. su'ture, 
formed by the articulation of the extremity of the 
greater ala of the sphenoid with the anterior and 
inferior angle of the parietal bone. 
Sphenopetro'sal fis'sure. Fissure at base of skull 
between apex of petrous bone and greater wing of 
sphenoid. S. lam'ina, thin horizontal plate project- 
ing backward from the foramen spinosum of the 
sphenoid bone. S. su'ture, line of union between 
petrous portion of temporal bone and greater wing 
of sphenoid. 
Sphenopharynge'us. Separated portion of supe- 
rior constrictor of pharynx arising from spine of 
sphenoid. 
Sphenopterus, sphen-op'ter-us (sphen, wedge, pte- 
ron, wing). Possessing wings like a wedge. 
Sphenopterygopalatinus, sfen-o-ter-ig-o-pal-at-e'- 
nus. Circumflexus. 
Sphenosalpingostaphyll'nus. Tensor palati. 
Spheno'sis (sphenosis). See Wedged. 
Sphenospi'nous ar'tery. Middle meningeal artery. 
Sphenosqua'mous su'ture. Line of union between 
greater wing of sphenoid and squamous portion of 
temporal bone. 
Sphenostaphylinus, sfen-o-staf-il-e'nus. Circumflex 
muscles (of the palate). 
Sphenotemporal, sfe-no-tem'po-ral. Belonging to 
the sphenoid and temporal bones. S. su'ture, suture 
at the articulation of the great ala of the sphenoid 
bone with the squamous portion of the temporal. 
Beclard named sphenotemporal the posterior part of 
1025 
SPHINCTER 
the body of the sphenoid, which is developed by dis- 
tinct points of ossification. 
Sphenotresia, sfen-o-tra'ze-ah (sphen, wedge, tresis, 
boring). Destruction of base of skull in operation of 
craniotomy. 
Sphere (spheera, globe). Body contained under a 
single surface every part of which is equidistant 
from its centre. 
Spherical, sfer'ik-al. Possessing shape of a sphere. 
S. aberration, excess of refraction of the peripheral 
part of a convex lens over the central area, producing 
an imperfect focus and an indistinct image. S. nu'- 
cleus, nucleus of gray matter in the cerebellum near 
the corpus dentatum. 
Spherobacte'rium. Sphserobacterium. 
Spherocerebrin, sfe-ro-ser'eb-rin (sp/iaira, ball, cer- 
ebrum). Nitrogenized substance found in cerebral 
structure. 
Spheroid, sfe'roid. Like a sphere. 
Spheroidal (sfe-roid'al) or Spheroidic, sfe-roid'ik. 
Having the form of a spheroid; applied to crystals 
having several convex surfaces. 
Spherom'eter (sphaira, sphere, metron, measure). 
Instrument chiefly used for measuring the curvation 
of surface of lenses. 
Spherule, sfer'yule. Little sphere or spheroidal 
body, as quicksilver; when poured upon a plane, it 
divides into a number of minute spherules. 
Sphincter, sfink'tur (sphingo, to constrict). Con- 
strictor. Name given to several annular muscles 
constricting or closing certain natural openings. S. 
a'ni, anatomists describe two sphincter muscles of 
the anus: 1. S. externus or cutaneus, situate around the 
anus, is elliptical from before to behind, flattened, and 
pierced at the middle. Its fibres describe concentric 
arcs, which are attached behind to the extremity of 
the coccyx by a dense areolar substance, and are con- 
founded anteriorly with the bulbocavernosi and trans- 
versi perinei muscles. This muscle contracts and closes 
the anus. 2. Inner or Internal sphincter ani, S. intesti- 
nalis, is by many anatomists considered the termina- 
tion of the circular fibres of the rectum. It is annu- 
lar, and situate above the inferior extremity of the 
rectum to the extent of about a finger's breadth. It 
has the same uses as the other. S. a'ni ter'tius, rec- 
tal folds. S. col'li, deeper of two primitive layers 
from which the facial muscles are derived; bucci- 
nator, orbicularis oris, and other deep muscles are 
formed from it. S. gu'lae, constrictor pharyngis. 
S. il'ei, Bauhin, valve of; ileocaecal valve. S. in- 
testina'lis, sphincter ani internus. S. ir'idis, circu- 
lar muscle at inner edge of iris, contraction of which 
lessens the diameter of the pupil. S. labio'rum, or- 
bicularis oris. S. laryn'gis, aryteno-epiglottic muscles 
of two sides encircling superior orifice of larynx. S. 
of lar'ynx, sphincter laryngis. S. oc'uli, orbicularis 
palpebrarum. S. cesophage'us, hiatus cesophageus. S. 
o'ris, orbicularis oris. S. o'ris exter'nus, superficial 
fibres of orbicularis oris not derived from the buccina- 
tor. S. o'ris inter'nus, deep fibres of orbicularis oris 
derived from buccinator. S. palpebra'rum, orbicu- 
laris palpebrarum. S. pharyngolarynge'us includes 
the following three sets of muscles considered as 
one: inferior constrictor, cricothyroideus anticus, and 
thyroideus. S. pros'tatae, sphincter urethrae prostati- 
cus. S. pupil'lae, sphincter iridis; see Iris. S. pylo'- 
ri, pylorus; see Pylorus. S. ure'thrae prostat'icus, 
prostatic muscular fibres surrounding the urethra 
below the sphincter vesicae internus. S. vagi'nae, 
perineal muscle arising from central tendon of peri- 
neum, surrounding the vaginal orifice and embracing 
the bulb of the vestibule; inserted upon corpora 
cavernosa of clitoris. Constrictores cunni. S. vagi'- 
nae profun'dus, constrictor vaginae profundus. S. 
ventric'uli, pylorus. S. vesi'cae, Sphincter of the 
bladder; some anatomists have given this name to 
whitish, elastic, and circular fibres surrounding the 
neck of the bladder, but not constituting a par- 
ticular muscle. The name Pseudosphincter is some- 
times applied to the anterior fibres of the levator 
ani which pass beneath the neck of the bladder and SPHINCTERALGIA 
by their contraction close that opening. See Com- 
pressor urethrae. 
Sphincteralgia, sfink-ter-al'je-ah (sphincter, algos, 
pain). Pain in the anal sphincter or immediate 
vicinity. 
Sphincterotomy, sfink-tur-ot'o-me. Incision into 
or operation upon the sphincter. 
Sphingo'sin. Alkaloid found in brain structure. 
Sphinxis, sfinks'is (sphingo, to bind). Constriction. 
Sphondylium, sfon-dil'e-um (sphondulion). Herac- 
leum spondylium. 
Sphongus, sfon'gus (sphongos). Fungus; spongia. 
Sphragidonychargocometa, sfrag-id-o-nik-ar-go- 
kom-a'tah (sphragis, seal, onuchos, nail, arg os, white, 
or perhaps arguros, silver, komeo, to adorn). A char- 
latan who adorned his fingers to the very nails with 
rings. 
Sphygma, sfig'mah (sphugmos, pulse). Pulse. 
Sphygmic, sfig'mik. Relating to the pulse ; pulsa- 
tory. S. art, art of the pulse. 
Sphygmica doctrina, sfig'mik-ah dok-tre'nah. 
Sphygmology. 
Sphygmical, sfig'mik-al (sphugmos, pulse). Relat- 
ing to the pulse. 
Sphygmicus, sfig'mik-us (sphugmikos, relating to 
the pulse). Throbbing. 
Sphygmocephalus, sfig-mo-sef'al-us (sphugmos, 
pulse, kephale, head). A pulsatory pain in the temples. 
Sphygmo'des (sphygmos, pulse). Throbbing. 
Sphygmogram, sfig'mo-gram (sphygmos, gramme, 
a tracing). Tracing produced by the sphygmograph. 
Sphyg'mograph (sphygmos, grapho, to describe). An 
instrument applied over the heart or an artery, indi- 
cating graphically the character of the pulse as to 
force and extent of undulations. 
Sphygmography, sfig-mog'raf-e (sphygmos, grapho). 
Description of the pulse, its nature, causes, and patho- 
logical changes. 
Sphyg'moid (sphygmos, eidos, resemblance). Simi- 
lar to a pulse or to a pulsation. 
Sphygmolegium, sfig-mo-lej'e-um (sphygmos, lego, 
to read). Instrument for measuring the quickness or 
force of the pulse. 
Sphygmology sfig-mol'o-je (sphygmos, logos, descrip- 
tion). The doctrine of the pulse. 
Sphygmomanometer, sfig-mo-man-om'et-ur (sphyg- 
mos, manos, in small quantity, metron). Instrument 
by which blood-pressure in the arteries is measured. 
Sphygmom'eter. Instrument for measuring the 
quickness or force of the pulse. 
Sphyg'mophone (sphygmos, phone, sound). An in- 
strument devised to enable the ear to determine the 
rhythm, etc. of the pulse of a person at a distance 
by means of the electric wire. 
Sphyg'mos (sphugmos). Pulse; pulsation. 
Sphyg'moscope (sphygmos, skopeo, to examine). In- 
strument to exhibit the motion of the heart or of the 
blood-vessels in their pulsations. 
Sphygmoscopy, sfig-mos'ko-pe (sphugmos, skopeo, to 
see). Science of tracing a pulse-curve by means of 
the sphygmoscope. 
Sphygmosystole, sfig-mo-sis'to-le (sphygmos, systole, 
contraction). The time during which the systole at 
the heart influences the pulse-beat, as demonstrated 
by the sphygmograph. 
Sphygmotechny, sfig'mo-tek-ne (sphygmos, tekne, 
art). Art of examining the pulse as a medium for 
diagnosis. 
Sphyg'mous. Relating to or having the character 
of a pulse. 
Sphyg'mus (sphugmos). Pulsation; pulse. 
Sphy'ra or Sphy'ron (sphuron, the ankle). Mal- 
leolus. 
Sphyrotomy, sfi-rot'o-me (sphura, malleus, tome, 
section). The operation of excising the handle of 
the malleus. 
Sphyxis, sflx'is (sphuxis). Pulsation. 
Spica, spi'kah. Spica bandage. A bandage so 
called in consequence of its somewhat resembling a 
spike of barley. The turns of the bandage cross 
like the letter V, each leaving a third of the roller 
1026 
SPINA 
uncovered. It is distinguished into ascending and 
descending. It may be applied over various parts of 
the body, and in a different manner in each case: 
thus, there is the spica or fascia inguinalis. spica 
inguinalis duplex, the spica for the shoulder, and 
another for the thumb. Eibbail's bandage is a form of 
spica for the instep, the use of which is indicated 
where pressure is needed. Lavandula spica. S. 
alpi'na, Valeriana Celtica. S. Cel'tica, Valeriana 
Celtica. S. In'dica, Nardus Indica. S. nar'di, Nar- 
dus Indica. 
Spicate, spi'kate (spica, spike). Eelating to a spike; 
term applied to flowers. 
Spice. See Species. S. berry, gaultheria; Laurus 
benzoin. S. bush, Laurus benzoin. S. plas'ter, 
made by mixing equal parts of allspice, cloves, 
cinnamon, and nutmegs, and adding thereto one- 
half part of black pepper. These are made into a 
mass by using a knife-blade to stir them, and are then 
sewed up in a bag which is quilted to prevent sag- 
ging of the contents. One side of the plaster is now 
wet with warm brandy, whiskey, or vinegar, and is 
then ready for use. S. wood, Laurus benzoin. 
Spices, four. See Myrtus pimenta. 
Spicillium, spis-il'le-um. Specillum. 
Spicula, spik'u-lah. See Spiculum. 
Spiculum, spik'u-lum (pl. Spicula). A small spike- 
like fragment of bone. 
Spi'der. See Araneee tela. 
Spi'der's web. Aranese tela. 
Spi'derwort. Liliago; Tradescantia Virginica. 
Spigelia, spi-je'le-ah (after Adrian Spigelius, the 
anatomist). S. Marilandica. S. anthel'mia, Deme- 
rar a pinkroot, native of South America and the West 
India Islands. S. gentianoi'des, native perennial 
plant of Florida having white or purple flowers. 
S. anthelmia has properties like the S. Marilan'- 
dica, Perennial wormgrass or Indian pink, Carolina 
pink, Starbloom, Wormroot; ord. Gentianacese; indig- 
enous. The root-Spigelia (Ph. U. S.), pinkroot-is 
a useful anthelmintic, particularly in cases of lum- 
brici, and is said to have been found serviceable in 
remittent fever. It is a narcotico-acrid. 
Spige'lian lobe of the liv'er. Small lobe of the 
liver which extends from the rear of the under sur- 
face of the right lobe of the liver. 
Spigeline (spij'el-een) or Spigelin, spij-el'in. A 
volatile alkaloid obtained from the root of Spigelia 
Marilandica and S. anthelmia. 
Spig'nel. jEthusa meum. • 
Spig'net. Aralia racemosa. 
Spike lav'ender. Lavandula spica. 
Spike'nard (spica, spike, nardus, nard). Conyza 
squarrosa, Nardus Indica. S., Amer'ican, Aralia race- 
mosa. S., false, Smilacina racemosa. S., small, 
Aralia nudicaulis. S. tree, Aralia spinosa. 
Spilan'thes. Spilanthus. 
Spilanthus acmella, spil-an'thus ak-mel'lah (spiZos, 
spot, anthos, flower, owing to its dotted or speckled 
flower). Balm-leaved spilanthus, ord. Composite. The 
herb and seed are diuretic and emmenagogue. They 
have been given in dropsies, jaundice, fluor albus, 
and calculous complaints, in infusion. S., balm'- 
leaved, Spilanthus acmella. S. cilia'ta, S. acmella. 
S. fimbria'ta, S. acmella. S. olera'ceus, Spear-leaved 
spilanthus; tincture of the plant has been recom- 
mended in toothache. 
Spill, spe'le (spilos, spot or stain). See Neevus. 
Spiloma, spil-o'mah (spiloma). See Neevus vascularis. 
SpiloplanTa (spilos, spot, pianos, wandering). Small 
spots-maculae-on the skin. Elephantiasis Graecorum. 
Spiloplax'ia. Eed spots occurring in elephantiasis 
Grsecorum. 
Spilo'sis (spilos, spot, osis). Simple discoloration 
of the surface. S. ephe'lis, ephelides. S. polio'sis, 
poliosis. 
Spi'lus (pl. Spili). See Neevus. 
Spi'na (thorn). Process on the surface of a bone 
which has been compared to the spines or thorns on 
certain vegetables. The chief processes of this name 
are the nasal spine, the spine of the scapula, the SPINA 
spine of the ischium, the four iliac spines, the pala- 
tine spine, the maxillary, the sphenoid, etc. The 
spine of the back is the collection of vertebrae con- 
stituting the vertebral column. Penis. S. accesso'- 
ria is'chii, little eminence occasionally occurring in 
great sciatic notch, at junction of ilium and ischi- 
um. S. ac'ida, Oxyacantha Galeni. S. TEgypti'aca, 
see Acacia. S. al'ba, Carduus marianus, Mespilus 
oxyacantha, Onopordon acanthium. S. angula'ris, 
sphenoid spine. S. bicipita'lis exter'na, pectoral 
ridge. S. b. inter'na, inner lip of bicipital groove. 
S. bif'ida, name given to certain congenital mal- 
formations of the vertebral canal, with protrusion of 
some of its contents in the form of a fluid humor. 
The usual site of the lesion is in the lumbosacral re- 
gion, but it may be found in the upper cervical and 
other parts of the column ; see Hydrorhachis. S. cer- 
vi'na, rhamnus. S. con'dyli exter'na fem'oris, outer 
lip of linea aspera. S. c. inter'na fem'oris, inner lip 
of linea aspera. S. condyloi'dea exter'na, outer 
supracondylar ridge. S. c. inter'na, inner supra- 
condylar ridge. S. Darwin'ii, Darwinian tubercle. 
S. domes'tica, rhamnus. S. dor'si, vertebral column. 
S. dor'si intror'sum flex'a, lordosis. S. ethmoida'lis, 
ethmoidal spine. S. fer'rea, pin. S. fronta'lis, nasal 
spine (frontal bone). S. hel'icis, process of helix. S. 
Helmon'tii, proximate cause of inflammation, as if 
the part or organ was pricked with a thorn. S. hir'd, 
astragalus verus. S. il'io-pectine'a, spine of pubis. 
S. infecto'ria, rhamnus. S. infe'rior muscula'ris, 
crista arcuata cartilaginis arytenoideae. S. intercon- 
dyloi'dea or S. interme'dia, spine of tibia. S. ischi- 
ad'ica, ischiat'ica, or is'chii, spine of ischium. S. 
jugula'ris, jugular spine. S. menta'lis or menta'lis 
inter'na, genial tubercle. S. mus'culi ter'eti ma- 
jo'ris, process for insertion of teres major, found on 
lower part of axillary border of scapula. S. nasa'lis 
or nasa'lis ante'rior, nasal spine. S. nasa'lis os'sis 
fron'tis, nasal spine (frontal bone). S. nasa'lis os'sis 
maxilla'ris superio'ris, anterior nasal spine. S. na- 
sa'lis poste'rior os'sis palati'ni, posterior nasal spine. 
S. nasa'lis supe'rior, nasal spine (frontal bone). S. 
na'si, prominent line on the lateral surface of the 
nose. S. navicula'ris, pointed process found at inner 
edge of scaphoid bone of tarsus. S. neura'lis, neural 
spine. S. nodo'sa, rhachitis. S. occipita'lis, occip- 
ital protuberance. S. orbita'lis infe'rior, small spine 
frequently found on orbital surface of greater wing 
of sphenoid, affording attachment to orbital muscle 
of Muller. S. orbita'lis supe'rior, spina recti late- 
ralis. S. os'sis il'ii, spine of ilium. S. os'sis is'chii, 
spine of ischium. S. os'sis pu'bis, spine of pubis. 
S. palati'na, posterior nasal spine. S. pe'dum, 
corn. S. pu'bis, spine of pubis. S. rec'ti latera'- 
lis, small projection on border of greater wing of 
sphenoid, bounding the sphenoidal fissure, for at- 
tachment of external rectus muscle of the eye. S. 
scap'ulse, spine of scapula. S. sphenoida'lis, sphe- 
noidal spine; spine of sphenoid. S. supe'rior muscu- 
la'ris, prominence of the arytenoid cartilage. S.tib'ise, 
spine of tibia. S. transver'sa, crista arcuata carti- 
laginis arytenoideae. S. trochanter'icama'jor, outer 
lip of linea aspera. S. t. mi'nor, inner lip of linea 
aspera. S. trochlea'ris, trochlear spine. S. tuber'- 
culi majo'ris, pectoral ridge. S. t. mino'ris, inner 
lip of bicipital groove. S. tympan'ica, small projec- 
tion from tympanic ring of middle ear. S. t. ante'- 
rior, small projection not seen when ring unites with 
tegmen tympani. S. t. ma'jor, spina tympanica an- 
terior. S. t. mi'nor, small process or projecting end 
of tympanic ring. S. t. poste'rior serves as point of 
attachment of anterior ligament of malleus. S. vento'- 
sa, Exostosis, Osteoid cancer, White swelling (of some); 
cystic or osseous formation situate beneath the peri- 
osteum. Term of no definite meaning, as is ob- 
vious from these various words being considered its 
synonyms. By some it is defined to be a disease of 
the osseous system, in which the texture of the bone 
dilates, seeming to be distended with air and consti- 
tuting a variety of osteosarcoma. By others it is 
considered to be a tumor arising from an internal 
1027 
SPINAL 
caries of a bone, occurring most frequently in the 
carpus or tarsus. The term itself is a translation 
from the Arabic of Rhazes. See Hydrarthrus, Alollities 
ossium, and Osteoid. S. vertebra'lis, vertebral column. 
S. vestib'uli, crista vestibuli. S. zygomat'ica, por- 
tion of zygomatic process of superior maxillary bone 
contributing to margin of sphenomaxillary fissure. 
Spin'ach or Spina'chia. See Spinacia. 
Spina'cia {spina, thorn or prickle). Spinach. Ord. 
Chenopodiaceae. Plant resembling the cabbage in its 
dietetic powers. The leaves boiled, with the addition 
of oil, form a good emollient cataplasm. Used in 
phthisical complaints. S. olera'cea, spinacia. 
Spi/nae (pl. of Spina). Spinous processes. S. men- 
taTes, genian apophyses or processes. S. ventos'- 
itas, spina ventosa. 
Spin'age. Spinacia. 
Spi'nal {spina, spine). Relating to the vertebral 
column. S. accessory, spinal nerve. S. accessory 
nu'cleus, compact group of cells lying dorsolaterally 
from central group of cells in anterior column of the 
cord, which is the origin of the spinal accessory nerve. 
S. arteries, two in number: 1. The Posterior spinal 
artery. It arises from the vertebral, near the corpora 
pyramidalia, and descends on the posterior surface 
of the spinal marrow, distributing its ramifications to 
it. 2. The Anterior spinal artery is larger than the 
last, and arises, also, from the vertebral. It descends 
in a serpentine manner upon the anterior surface of 
the marrow, furnishes ramusculi to it, and unites 
with that of the opposite side opposite the foramen 
magnum occipitis. A very tortuous branch arises 
from this union, which descends as far as the inferior 
extremity of the marrow, to which it sends numerous 
divisions. The term Spinal arteries or Rachidian ar- 
teries is also given in the abstract to all arteries of the 
spinal marrow and vertebral canal. The same may 
be said of the veinsand nerves. S. canal', vertebral 
canal surrounding and protecting the spinal cord and 
its investments. S. cen'tre, spinal marrow; spinal 
cord. S. cen'tres, motor centres in the spinal 
cord; see Centre. S. col'umn, vertebral column, 
composed of 33 vertebrae. S. com'missure, trans- 
verse portion connecting two halves of cord, 
measuring 2*gth or of an inch in average 
thickness, and consisting of two portions, anterior 
white and posterior gray commissures. The an- 
terior is proportional in size to the size of the nerve- 
roots. The posterior is largest in the upper part of the 
cornu medullaris. S. cord, medulla spinalis. S. de- 
bll'ity, spinal weakness. S. foramina, in the ab- 
stract, are the foramina formed by every two contigu- 
ous vertebrae through which the spinal nerves issue; 
see Vertebral. The term Foramen spinale or spinosum 
is especially applied to a small foramen in front of 
the spinous process of the sphenoid bone, through 
which the middle artery of the dura mater enters 
the cranium. It is likewise called Foramen spheno- 
spinosum. S. fur'row, vertebral groove. S. gan'- 
glion, see Encephalon. S. gray, gray matter of 
spinal cord. S. ice-bag, india-rubber bag filled 
with cracked ice; a convenient method of making 
application of cold to the spinal cord. S. irrita'- 
tion, pathological view referring nervous diseases 
to irritation of the spinal cord. This irritation 
is presumed to be indicated by tenderness on pres- 
sure over the spinous process of one or more ver- 
tebrae, or over the nerves proceeding from the cord 
and distributed to the parts at the sides of the spine. 
Such tenderness, however, by no means indicates the 
pathological condition in question, as it is often met 
with in those enjoying good health. S. localization, 
the designation of a particular part of the spinal cord 
as the centre of certain physiological functions, or of 
pathological interest as the location of morbid pro- 
cesses. S. mar'row, medulla spinalis. S. meningi'- 
tis, inflammation of spinal meninges or membranes. 
S. nerve, Accessory of the par vagum or eighth pair, 
Accessory nerve of Willis, Spinal accessory, Superior 
respiratory nerve, Eleventh pair of encephalic nerves, 
arises from the medulla spinalis, within the verte- SPINALES 
bral canal, between the anterior and posterior roots 
of the cervical nerves, at a greater or less distance 
from the cranium. The roots unite to form the 
nerve, which ascends into the cranium through 
the foramen magnum of the occipital bone, and 
issues by the foramen lacerum posterius, crossing 
the stern o-cleido-mastoideus, to which it gives fila- 
ments, and losing itself entirely on the trapezius 
muscle. The pneumogastric and spinal accessory 
nerves together-nervus vagus cum accessorio- re- 
semble the spinal nerves; the former, with its gan- 
glion, being the posterior root; the latter the anterior. 
S. nerves, vertebral nerves. S. point, tender spot 
over spinous process of a vertebra in neuralgia, in- 
dicating the nerve affected. S. prolonga'tion, me- 
dulla spinalis. S. re'gion, space on either side of 
vertebral spine. S. stim'ulant, that which increases 
the functional activity of the spinal cord. S. sys'- 
tem of nerves, see Nerves. S„ true, see Nerves. S. 
veins, longitudinal meningorachidian veins. S. 
weak'ness, Spinal debility; vaguely used for want 
of power in the extensor or other muscles of the 
spine, with tendency to deviation of the vertebral 
column. It is mostly seen in nervous and delicate 
females, and is often due to carelessness of posture. 
SpinaTes colTi mino'res, interspinales colli. S. 
et transversa'les lumbo'rum, transversalis dorsi. 
Spina'lis cap'itis. S. cervicis, S. colli, and S. dorsi. 
S. cervi'cis, semispinalis colli. S. col'li, semispinalis 
colli. S. dor'si, name of fleshy fasciculi situate on 
the lateral surface of the spinous processes, from the 
third dorsal vertebra to the first or second lumbar, 
which form part of the transversospinalis of most au- 
thors. S. dor'si ma'jor, S. dorsi. S. dor'si mi'nor, 
some small fleshy fibres situate on each side of the 
interspinal ligament; short, flat, and passing from one 
spinous process to another. Like the preceding, they 
form part of the transversospinalis. All these fleshy 
fasciculi strengthen the vertebral column. S. lum- 
bo'rum, longissimus dorsi. 
Spi'nants. Medicines which, by their action on 
the spinal nervous system, excite muscular contrac- 
tion, as strychnia, brucia, etc. 
Spinati, spin-at'e. Interspinales colli. 
Spinatus, spin-at'us. Spinal. 
Spin'dle cells. Fusiform cells seen in certain ma- 
lignant growths under the microscope; in sarcoma, 
for example. S. tree, Euonymus Americanus. 
Spin'dle-cell lay'er. Term applied to deep layer 
of cortical gray matter of brain. 
Spln'dle-celled sarco'ma. See Sarcoma. 
Spine. Spina; vertebral column. S., cur'vature 
of, angular deformity occurring in rickets, caries of 
the spine, etc. S., hse'mal, sternum. S. of il'ium, 
projections on anterior and posterior borders of ilium. 
The anterior superior spine and posterior superior 
spine are situate at corresponding ends of the crest of 
the ilium. The anterior inferior spine is above and in 
front of the acetabulum. The posterior inferior spine 
is above the greater sacrosciatic notch. S. of is'- 
chium, eminence about the central part of the poste- 
rior edge of the ischium, affording attachment to the 
lesser sacrosciatic ligament. S., men'tal, projections 
on the deep surface of the body of the inferior max- 
illary bone. S., neu'ral, spinous process. S. of pu'- 
bis, process at anterior end of iliopectioneal line, at 
point at which it passes into the crest of the pubis. 
S., rail'way, see Concussion. S., revolv'ing, see Rotatio 
spinne. S. of scap'ula, ridge of bone on posterior sur- 
face of scapula, affording attachment to the trapezius 
and deltoid muscles. S. of sphe'noid, sharp pro- 
longation extending back into the angle between the 
petrous and squamous portions of the temporal bone. 
S. of Spix, pointed prominences at border of inferior 
dental foramen for attachment of internal lateral lig- 
ament of jaw. S. of tib'ia, anterior projection be- 
tween the condyloid surfaces. 
Spin'gle. Anethum. 
Spini-axoido-occipitalis, spe'ne-aks-o'id-o-ok-sip- 
it-al'is. Rectus capitis posticus major. 
Spini'tis. Inflammation of spinal cord ; myelitis. 
1028 
SPIRAL 
Spinobul'bar (spina, spine, bulbus, bulb). Relating 
to the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata; as the 
spinobulbar neuroses, which include paralysis agitans, 
chorea, and tetanus. 
Spinocostales, spe-no-cos-tal'ees. Superior and in- 
ferior posterior serratus muscles. 
Spinodorsitis, spe-no-dor-se'tis (spina, dorsum, back, 
itis). Myelitis. 
Spinola, spin'o-lah (spina, spine). See Hydrorhachis. 
Spinomus'cular seg'ment of the motor system 
of the nerves. Motor cells in the medulla oblongata 
and spinal cord and the nerves arising from them. 
Spinoneu'ral. Term applied to spinal cord and 
nerves immediately associated with it. 
Spino'sus (spina, spine). Spinal. 
Spinotransversa'lis. Erector spinae; also splenius. 
S. bre'vis, rotator spinae. 
Spinotransversa'rii. Splenius and obliquus cap- 
itis, considered as a common mass. 
Spi'nous (spina, thorn). Having the shape of a 
spine or thorn. S. point, see Apophysary. S. pro'- 
cess of sphe'noid, spine of sphenoid. S. processes 
of il'ium, spines of ilium. S. pro'cesses or apoph'- 
yses of the ver'tebrae, situate at the posterior part 
of each vertebra, and affording attachment to the 
muscles whose office is to extend the spine; see Ver- 
tebra. 
Spintherismus, spin-ther-iz'mus (spintherizo, to emit 
sparks). Sensation of sparks flashing before the eyes; 
synchisis scintillans. 
Spintherometer, spin-ther-om'et-ur (spinther, spark, 
metron, measure). Instrument for measuring the size, 
power, and shock of electrical sparks. 
gpintheropia, spin-ther-o'pe-ah (spinther, spark, 
ops, vision). See Confusio. 
Spin'ula (dim. of Spina, thorn). Pin. 
Spi'ny clot'bur. Xanthium spinosum. 
Spiracula, spir-ak'u-lah (pl. of Spiraculum) (spiro, 
to breathe, breathing-holes). Respiratory pores of the 
skin. 
Spirse cerebri, spir'e ser'eb-re (speira, fold, wind- 
ing). Cerebral convolutions. 
Spirae'a denuda'ta (spira, spire). S. ulmaria. S. 
filipen'dula, Dropwort; ord. Rosacea?. The root is 
said to possess astringent and lithontriptic virtues. 
S. loba'ta, Queen of the prairie, American meadow- 
sweet ; an oil resembling oleum gaultheriae is obtained 
from the roots and stems. S. opulifo'lia, Opulus- 
leaved spirsea, Nine-bark, has similar properties. S. 
palxna'ta, S. lobata. S. prunifo'lia, ornamental 
shrub of Japan, cultivated in the United States, bear- 
ing white flowers in profusion. S. tomento'sa, 
Hardhack, Red meadowsweet, Steeplebush, Rosy bush, 
Whiteleaf; root of this indigenous species, Spiraea, 
is abundant in the Northern States; is tonic and 
astringent. It is usually administered either in the 
form of extract or decoction. St trifolia'ta, Gillenia 
trifoliata. S. ulma'ria, Meadowsweet, Queen of the 
meadows ; leaves have been recommended as mild as- 
tringents and diuretics-the flowers as antispasmodics 
and diaphoretics. 
Spi'ral (spira, coil, spine). Winding like a screw. 
S. band'age, bandage ascending obliquely around 
more or less conical portions of the body, each turn 
being applied smoothly to the surface, the folds being 
sometimes reversed to attain this object. S. canal' 
of modi'olus, opening of spiral lamina of cochlea at 
axial margin, which contains spiral ganglion. S. 
crest, pointed, indentated border of limbus of spiral 
lamina turned toward organ of Corti. S. fi'bre, pro- 
cess of bipolar ganglionic cells that is wound around 
another. S. fls'sure, fissure between two plates of 
spiral lamina of cochlea, giving exit to filaments of 
cochlear nerve. S. grooves, two in number: internal, 
situate at periphery of spiral lamina of cochlea; 
external, on the external wall of the cochlear duct. 
Musculo-spiral grooves. S. lam'ina, bony lamina 
dividing scala tympani from scala vestibuli of cochlea. 
S. lig'ament, thickened portion of external peri- 
osteum of cochlea, corresponding to cochlear duct. 
S. line of fe'mur, intertrochanteric line. S. nerve, SPIRALS, CURSCHMANN'S 
musculo-spiral nerve. S. plate, lamina spiralis. S. 
tract, depression at bottom of internal auditory mea- 
tus by which filaments of cochlear nerve enter inter- 
nal ear. S. tubes of kid'ney, tubuli uriniferi. S. 
tu'bule of Schachowa, spiral portion of uriniferous 
tubule between first convoluted tubule and looped 
tubule of Henle. 
Spi'rals, Cursch'mann's. See Curschmann. 
Spiramenta (spir-am-en'tah) pulmo'num (air-holes 
of the lungs) (spiro, to breathe). See Lung. 
Spiramentum animae, spir-am-en'tum an'im-e (air- 
hole of the breath). Lung. 
Spiramina (spir-am'in-ah) (pl. of Spiramen) palpe- 
bra'rum (pores of the eyelids). Lacrymal puncta. 
S. pulmo'num, see Lung. 
Spiratio, spir-ah'she-o (spiro, spiratum, to breathe). 
Respiration. 
Spirema, spir-a'mah. Period of division of the nu- 
cleus in which chromatin becomes a long filament 
wound into spherical shape, and the nucleoli disap- 
pear. See Karyokinesis. 
Spiril'lum. A genus of Bacteriaceae, consisting of 
cells of fungi having a serpentine motion. 
The following table gives a view of the most im- 
portant species of spirilla (Crookshank): 
Associated with Disease: 
1029 
SPIRIT 
to every liquid product of distillation. Spirits were 
formerly distinguished into inflammable, acid, and 
alkaline; consequently a number of substances were 
crowded together resembling each other in no other 
property than in being volatile. The term is now 
confined to alcoholic liquors, the chief of which are: 
I. Arack or Arrack. Distilled from coarse palm-sugar, 
named jaggery ; fermented with the bark of the Mi- 
mosa leucophlea; also from rice and the fermented 
juice of the palm, made in India. Its varieties are-■ 
Mahwah arrack, made in India from the flowers of the 
Madhuca tree, Bassia butyracea. II. Araka. Distilled 
by the Tartars from koumis, fermented mare's milk. 
III. Araki. Distilled from dates by the Egyptians. 
IV. Arika. Variety of koumis distilled from fer- 
mented mare's milk in Tartary and Iceland. V. 
Brandy. Distilled from wine, figs, peaches, persim- 
mons, apples, mulberries, and sometimes other fruits, 
in Europe, Asia, North and South America, wherever 
wine is made. The best brandy is that of Cognac; 
the next, that of Bordeaux and Rochelle. Brandy is 
officinal in the Ph. U. S. and Br. under the name 
Spiritus vini Gallici, Spirit of French wine. Varieties 
are-Aguardiente (S.). In Peru the common brandy 
obtained from grapes is the Aguardiente de Pisco, so 
called because shipped at the port of Pisco. Another 
kind, much dearer and of excellent flavor, is made 
from Muscatel grapes, and is called Aguardiente de 
Italia. It is sometimes seen in the United States. 
Lau. Made from rice in Siam. Rakia. Made in Dal- 
matia from the husks of grapes mixed with aromatics. 
Rossolio. Made at Dantzic from a compound of 
brandy, rossolis, and other plants. Troster. Made on 
the Rhine from the husks of grapes, fermented with 
barley and rye. Sekiskaya vodka. Made from the lees 
of wine and fruit at Scio. VI. Geneva, Hollands. 
Distilled from malted barley and rye, rectified on 
juniper berries, in Holland. Its variety is-Gin. 
Made in England from malted barley, rye, potatoes, 
rectified with turpentine. VII. Goldwasser. Distilled 
at Dantzic from wheat, barley, and rye, rectified with 
aniseed, cinnamon, and other spices. VIII. Kirsch- 
wasser. Distilled from the Malacheh cherry in Switz- 
erland. IX. Maraschino, Marasquino. Distilled from 
the Macarska or Maraska cherry at the capital of 
Dalmatia. X. Rum (supposed to be derived from 
the terminal syllable of the word saccharum). Dis- 
tilled in the West Indies and South America from 
cane-sugar and molasses, and in North America from 
maple-sugar. Its variety is-Sakee, Saki. A Japanese 
beverage distilled from rice. XL Slatkaia trava. 
Made in Kamtschatka from a sweet grass. XII. 
Showchoo. Distilled in China from the lees of man- 
darin, a wine made from boiled rice. XIII. Tuba. 
Made from palm wine, in the Philippine Islands. See 
Arack. XIV. Whiskey (supposed to be derived from 
usque, the first two syllables of usquebaugh, the original 
name in Ireland-itself from Irish uisge and beatha, 
life, Uisge beatha, Aquae vitae, water of life). Distilled in 
Scotland and Ireland from malted and raw barley, 
rye, oats, and potatoes; and in the south of France 
from sloes. In Ireland it was called builceaum, or 
madness of the head. Whiskey, under the name 
Spiritus frumenti, is officinal in the Pharmacopoeia of 
the United States. It is obtained from fer- 
mented grain by distillation, and contains from 48 to 
56 per cent, by volume of absolute alcohol. For med- 
ical use it should not be less than two years old. 
XV. Y-wer-a. Distilled in the Sandwich Islands 
from the root of the teeroot, baked, pounded, and 
fermented. To these may be added an intoxicating 
liquor made by the Afghanistans from ewes' milk ; 
and that made in Kamtschatka, from a species of 
mushroom, named muchumer. S. of am'ber, spiritus 
volatilis succini. S. of ammo'nia, spiritus ammonite. 
S. of ammo'nia, aromat'ic, spiritus ammoniae aro- 
maticus. S. of ammo'nia, fet'id, spiritus ammoniae 
foetidus. S. of ammo'nia, suc'cinated, spiritus am- 
monite succinatus. S. of an'iseed, spiritus anisi. S., 
bone, liquor volatilis cornu cervi. S. of caj'eput, 
see Cajeput oil. S. of cam'phor, spiritus camphorse. 
Spirillum Obermeieri . Pathogenic. 
Spirillum choleric Asi- 
aticee 
[ Pathogenic in man (?), pos- 
sibly only saprophytic. 
L Pathogenic in animals. 
In man 
Spirillum Finkleri . 
Saprophytic in man. Path- 
ogenic in animals. 
In ani- 
mals 
Spirillum sputigenum 
Spirillum tyrogenuni 
Saprophytic. Pathogenic 
in animals. 
Unassociated with Disease: 
Spirillum rubrum . . . Chromogenic saprophyte. 
Spirillum plicatile . . . 
Spirillum serpens .... 
Spirillum tenue .... 
Spirillum undula .... 
Spirillum volutans . . . 
Spirillum Rosenbergii . 
Spirillum attenuatum . 
Spirillum leucomelaneum 
Simple saprophytes. 
Spirillum sanguineum, S. rosaceum, and S. violaceum 
have also been described, but they are probably only 
phase-forms of Beggiatoa roseo-persicina. 
Of the spirilla above mentioned, several are suf- 
ficiently important for separate mention : S. 
chol'erse Asiat'icse, Comma bacillus (Koch), Bacil- 
lus of Asiatic cholera, having the appearance of 
curved rods or commas, about half the length of a 
tubercle bacillus. They are isolated or connected 
with each other like an S or in larger screw shapes, 
the latter being like those of relapsing fever. Inoc- 
ulation of a cultivation of the comma bacillus in the 
small intestine of guinea-pigs produced choleraic 
symptoms without peritonitis or putrid infection, and 
the characteristic bacilli were found in the contents 
of the intestines, in the superficial necrosed layer of 
the intestine, in the mucous flakes and liquid con- 
tents of the intestinal canal of Asiatic cholera. S. 
fe'ver, relapsing fever. S. of Fink'ler-Pri'or (discov- 
ered in 1885), Comma bacillus of cholera nostras; the 
curved comma-like rods are thicker than those of 
spirillum cholerae Asiaticse (Koch's comma bacillus). 
S. Obermei'eri, Spirocheete Obermeieri; spirillum of 
relapsing fever, observed in the blood of that disease, 
but not in the secretions; they have only been noticed 
during the relapses. They are very numerous and 
very movable, and from experiments on monkeys 
seem to be well credited as the cause of the disease. 
S. of relaps'ing fe'ver, S. Obermeieri. S. sputig'e- 
num (Lewis), rods resemble comma bacilli of Koch; 
they are found associated with other bacteria in 
saliva and in scrapings from decaying teeth. S. 
tyrog'enum (Deneke), the rods resemble those of the 
comma bacillus of Koch, but are smaller. They 
have been isolated from old cheese, but their patho- 
genic properties are not established. 
Spir'it {spiro, to breathe, to exhale). Name given SPIRITS 
S. of car'away, spiritus carui. S. of chlo'ric 
e'ther, spirit of chloroform. S. of chlo'roform, 
spiritus chloroformi. S. of cin'namon, spiritus cin- 
namomi. S. of cit'ron, two per cent, solution of 
oil of citron in alcohol. S. of cochlea'ria, spiritus 
cochleariae. S. of col'chicum, ammo'niated, spiritus 
colchici ammoniatus. S. of e'ther, spiritus aetheris 
sulphurici. S. of e'ther, aromat'ic, spiritus aetheris 
aromaticus. S. of e'ther, com'pound, spiritus aetheris 
compositus. S. of French wine, spiritus vini Gallici. 
S., fu'ming, ammonii sulphuretum. S., fu'ming, 
of Boyle, ammonii sulphuretum. S. of Ga'rus, 
aloes 5, myrrh 2, clove 5, nutmeg 10, cinnamon, 
20, saffron 5, alcohol (sp. gr. 864) 5000; macerate, 
filter, and add water 1000; distil 4500. S. of gaul- 
the'ria, spiritus gaultheriae. S. of harts'horn, liquor 
volatilis cornu cervi. S. of horse'radish, com'- 
pound, spiritus armoraciae compositus. S. of hydro- 
chlo'ric e'ther, spiritus aetheris muriatici. S. of 
ju'niper, com'pound, spiritus juniperi compositus. 
S. of lav'ender, spiritus lavandulae. S. of iav'en- 
der, com'pound, spiritus lavandulae compositus. 
S. of lem'on, spiritus limonis. S. of mindere'- 
rus, liquor ammonii acetatis. S. of muriat'ic 
e'ther, spiritus aetheris muriatici. S. of mus'tard, 
spiritus sinapis. S. of myr'cia, spiritus myrciae. S. 
of ni'tre, sweet, spiritus aetheris nitrosi. S. of ni'- 
tric e'ther, spiritus aetheris nitrosi. S. of nut'meg, 
spiritus myristicae. S. of or'ange, spiritus aurantii. 
S. of pennyroy'al, spiritus pulegii. S. of pep'per- 
mint, spiritus menthae piperitae. S. of pimen'to, 
spiritus pimentae. S., proof, spiritus tenuior. S., 
pyro-ace'tic, acetone. S., pyrox'ylic, spiritus pyrox- 
ylicus; acetone. S. of rose'mary, spiritus rosmarini. 
S. of salt, muriatic acid. S. of scur'vygrass, 
gold'en, see Spiritus armoraciie compositus. S. of 
spear'mlnt, spiritus menthae viridis. S. of sulphu'- 
ric e'ther, spiritus aetheris sulphurici. S. of sul- 
phu'ric e'ther, com'pound, spiritus aetheris sulphu- 
rici compositus. S. of tur'pentine, oleum terebin- 
thinae rectificatum. S. of ver'digris, acetic acid. 
S. of vin'egar, aromat'ic, see Acetic acid. S. of 
vit'riol, sulphuric acid. S. of wine, spiritus recti- 
ficatus. S. of wine and cam'phor, spiritus camphorae. 
S., wood, spiritus pyroxylicus. 
Spir'its, an'imal. Nervous fluid. S., ar'dent, 
distilled products of vinous liquors, as brandy, rum, 
etc. 
Spirituo'sus. Alcoholic. 
Spir'ituous (spiritus). Alcoholic. 
Spir'itus (spiro, to breathe). Breath; life; respira- 
tion; spirit. S. aeru'ginis, acetum radicale. S. 
aethe'reus, spirit of ether. S. aethe'reus nitro'sus, 
spiritus aetheris nitrici. S. aethe'reus vitriol'icus, 
spiritus aetheris sulphurici. S. ae'theris (Ph. U. S. 
and Br.), spirit of ether (aether, fortior, f jjiv; alco- 
hol, f^viiiss); dose is f3j-iij ; has therapeutic effects 
of ether. S. ae'theris aromat'icus, Sweet elixir of 
vitriol, Aromatic spirit of ether (cinnam. cort., 3'j > 
cardam. sem., Jiss; piperis longi fruct., zingib. rad., 
aa ,3j ; spiritus aetheris sulphuric., Oj). Stimulant in 
nervous affections; dose, S. ae'theris 
chlora'ti, spiritus aetheris muriatici. S. ae'theris 
compos'itus, spiritus aetheris sulphurici compositus. 
S. ae'theris hydrochlo'rici, spiritus aetheris muriatici. 
S. ae'theris muriat'ici, Spirit of hydrochloric or muri- 
atic ether, Dulcified marine acid. Muriatic acid one 
part, rectified spirit three parts; action is like that 
of the spiritus aetheris nitrici. S. ae'theris ni'trici, 
spiritus aetheris nitrosi (Ph. U. S.), Sweet spirit of nitre, 
Nitre drops, Spirit of nitric or nitrous ether. A mixture 
of nitrous ether or ethyl nitrate and alcohol, the 
nitrous ether being formed by reaction of nitric acid 
with alcohol. It is refrigerant, diuretic, anti- 
spasmodic, and diaphoretic, and largely employed as 
an ingredient of fever mixtures; dose, gtt. xxv-f,5j. 
S. ae'theris nitro'si, spirit of nitrous ether. S. 
ae'theris oleo'sus, spiritus aetheris sulphurici com- 
positus; oleum aethereum. S. ae'theris sulphu'rici, 
Spirit of sulphuric ether (aether, sulphuric., sp. 
rect., Oj). Stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, and anti- 
1030 
SPIRITUS 
spasmodic; dose, S. ae'theris sulphu'- 
rici compos'itus, spiritus aetheris compositus (Ph. 
U. S.), Compound spirit of sulphuric ether, Hoffman's 
anodyne or anodyne liquor (aether, fort., Oss; alcohol, 
Oj ; ol. aether., f £v. Mix). Stimulant and spasmodic. 
S. ae'theris vitriol'ici compos'itus, spiritus aetheris 
sulphurici compositus. S. ammoniaca'tus anisa'tus, 
anisated water of ammonia. S. ammo'niae (Ph. U. S.) 
Spirit of ammonia; S. of hartshorn; a solution of am- 
monia in alcohol. Stimulant and antispasmodic. S. 
ammoniae anisa'tus, anisated water of ammonia. S. 
ammo'niae aromat'icus or ammo'niae compos'itus, 
Aromatic ammoniated alcohol, Aromatic spirit of ammo- 
nia, Sal volatile drops (ammon. carb., gr. d; aquae am- 
moniae, ol. limonis, f 3iij ; ol. lavand. flor., 
TlLxiv; ol. pimentae, htxij ; alcohol., aquae 
destillat., q.s., to make Oij). Stimulant; dose, ITLxv- 
xxx. S. ammo'niae compos'itus, spiritus ammoniae 
aromaticus. S. ammo'niae foe'tidus, Fetid spirit of 
ammonia, Fit drops (asafoetid., liquor ammoniae 
fortior, ; spirit, rectificat., q. s. ut fiat Oj ; Ph. Br.). 
Stimulant and antispasmodic; dose, hkxxx-f3j- S. 
ammo'niae succina'tus, Succinated spirit of ammonia, 
Common eau de luce (mastich., ,5iij; sp. rect., f£ix- 
ol. lavand., gtt. xiv; ol. succin., gtt. iv; liq. ammon., 
Stimulant and antispasmodic; dose, nvx-xxx. 
S. angel'icae compos'itus, compound spirit of angel- 
ica. S. ani'si (Ph. U. S.), Spirit of aniseed (ol. anis., 
f§ij; alcohol., Carminative; dose, f.uss- 
fSss. S. an'thos, spiritus rosmarini. S. armora'- 
ciae compos'itus, Compound spirit of horseradish (ar- 
morac. rad., aurant. cort., aa myrist. nuc., gss; 
spirit, ten., cong.; aquae, Oij). Stimulant and antiscor- 
butic; dose, S. auran'tii (Ph. U. S.), Spirit 
of orange (ol. aurantii, ; alcohol., Oj). S. beguin'- 
is, ammonii sulphuretum. S. belli'dis, see Osmitopsis 
asteriscoides. S. caju'puti, spirit of cajuput; see 
Cajeput oil. S. cam'phorae (Ph. U. S. and Br.) or 
camphora'tus, Spirit of wine and camphor, Spirit of 
camphor (camphor., giij; alcohol., fjjxxv; aquae, 
f£vj). Stimulant, anodyne, and discutient. S. 
car'ui, Spirit of caraway, Strong carui waters (carui 
sem., Ibiss; sp. tenuior., cong.; aquae, q. s.). 
Carminative; dose, f'3j to S. chlorofor'mi 
(Ph. U. S. and Br.), Spirit of chloroform (chloroform 
purif., 3.); alcohol., Oj); sw Ether, chloric. S. cinna- 
mo'mi, Spirit of cinnamon. Strong cinnamon-water (ol. 
cinnam., fgj ; alcohol, fort., Stimulant and 
carminative; dose, gtt. xx-fjj. S. cochlea'riae, 
spirit of cochlearia. S. col'chici ammonia'tus, 
Ammoniated spirit of colchicum, Compound tincture of 
colchicum (sem. colchic., £ij ; sp. ammon. aromat., Oj). 
Narcotic, cathartic, and diuretic; used in gout, rheu- 
matism, and dropsy; dose, from gtt. xxx to ftjj. S. 
concentra'tus, alcohol, sp. gr. .834 to .930. S. cor'nu 
cer'vi, liquor volatilis cornu cervi. S. cor'nu cer'vi 
succinat'us, spiritus ammoniae succinatus. S. dilu'- 
tus, diluted alcohol. S. formica'rum, formic acid 
4, alcohol 70, water 26 parts; mix ; also prepared by 
macerating wood-ants in diluted alcohol, and distill- 
ing off a portion of the resulting tincture. Stimulant 
and rubefacient. S. for'tior, alcohol, spec. grav. .834; 
see Alcohol. S. frumen'ti (Ph. U. S.), whiskey; see 
Spirit. S. fu'mans Beguin'i, ammonii sulphuretum. 
5. Gal'licus, brandy. S. gaulthe'riae (Ph. U. S.), 
spirit of gaultheria (ol. gaultheriae, hkclx! alcohol., 
Oj). As a flavoring agent; dose, S. gen- 
ital'is, aura seminis. S. Jamaicen'sis, rum. S. 
junip'eri, spirit of juniper; see Spiritus juniperi 
compositus. S. junip'eri compos'itus (Ph. U. S.), 
Compound spirit of juniper (ol. junip., ITLxxiv; ol. 
carui, ol. fcenicul., aa Tfljj! alcohol., Oj ; aquae, q. s. 
to make Oiss). Stimulant and diuretic; dose, f£j 
to The Ph. U. S. and Br. contain also a Spiritus 
juniperi, made (Ph. U. S.) by dissolving 224 minims 
of oil of juniper in a pint of stronger alcohol. S. 
laur'i cinnamo'mi, spiritus cinuamomi. S. lavan'- 
dulae (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Spirit of lavender, Lavender- 
water (ol. lavand. flor., alcohol., Oj). Used as 
a perfume chiefly. S. lavan'dulae compos'itus, Red 
hartshorn, Lavender drops, Compound spirit of lavender SPIRITUS 
(ol. lavand., f 5j ; ol. rosmarin., ; cinnamom., ; 
caryophyll., §ss; myristic., ; santal., gr. ccclx; 
alcohol., Ovj ; aquae, Oij ; alcohol, dilut., q. s.). Stimu- 
lant ; dose, gtt. xl. to S. letha'lis, carbonic 
acid. S. limo'nis (Ph. U. S.), Spirit of lemon, Essence 
of lemon (ol. limon., ; cort. lim. receute rasp., j$ss; 
alcohol., q. s. to make Oj). To give odor and flavor. 
S. lumbrico'rum, liquor volatilis cornu cervi. S. 
me'dius, alcohol, spec. grav. .850. S. melis'sae com- 
pos'itus, compound spirit of balm. S. men'thae 
piperi'tae (Ph. U. S. and Br.), Spirit of peppermint, 
Tincture of oil of peppermint, Essence of mint or pep- 
permint (ol. menth. pip., f£xj ; menthae piperit., gr. 
lx; alcohol., q. s. to make Oj); dose, gtt. v-xx, as a car- 
minative. S. men'thae sati'vae, spiritus menthae vir- 
idis. S. men'thae vir'idis, Spirit of spearmint, Tincture 
of oil of spearmint, Essence of spearmint. Spiritus men- 
thae viridis (Ph. U.S.) is made like S. menthae piperitae, 
and has the same properties and dose. S. millepeda'- 
rum, liquor cornu cervi. S. mindere'ri, liquor am- 
monii acetatis. S. muriat'icus aethe'reus, spiritus 
aetheris muriatici. S. myr'ciae JPh. U. S.), Spirit of 
myrcia, Bay rum (ol. myrciae, ; ol. aurant. cort., 
ITLxxxv; ol. piment., nhxxx ! alcohol., Ov; aquae, 
Oviij); also obtained by distilling rum with the leaves 
of Myrcia acris, Eugenia or Myrtus acris, M. caryophyl- 
lata, Bayberry tree, ord. Myrtaceae of the West Indies; 
used externally like cologne-water, and in cases where 
whiskey would be applied. _S. myris'ticae (Ph. U. S.), 
Nutmeg-water (ol. myrist., alcohol., Oj). Cordial 
and carminative; dose, f.3j to S. myr'ti pi- 
men'tae, spiritus pimentae. S. ni'tri ac'idus, nitric 
acid. S. ni'tri dul'cis, spiritus aetheris nitrici. S. 
ni'tri du'plex, nitric acid. S. ni'tri fu'mans, nitric 
acid. S. ni'tri Glau'beri, nitric acid. S. ni'tri sim'- 
plex, see Nitric acid. S. ni'trico-aethe'reus, spirit 
of nitrous ether. S. nu'cis moscha'tae, spiritus my- 
ristic®. S. odora'tus (Ph. U. S.), perfumed spirit, 
cologne-water (ol. bergamot., ; ol. limonis, fjjj ; 
ol. rosmarin., f^j; ol. lavand. flor., ol. aurant. 
flor., aether, acetic., ; aquae, ; alco- 
hol., Oviss). S. oleo'so-aromat'icus Syl'vii, spiritus 
ammoniae aromaticus. S. ophthal'micus mindere'ri, 
liquor ammonii acetatis. S. pimen'tae, Spirit of pi- 
menta (ol. piment., ; alcohol, dilut., cong.). Cor- 
dial and carminative; dose, f.5j- S. pule'gii, Spirit 
of pennyroyal (olei pulegii, 3 vij ; sp. rect., Oivss; aquae, 
q. s.; distil a gallon). Same as spirit of spearmint in 
properties and dose. S. pyro-ace'ticus, acetone. S. 
pyroxyl'icus, Wood spirit, Wood alcohol, Pyroxylic al- 
cohol, Methylic alcohol, Hydrated oxide of methyl, Bi- 
hydrate of methylene; see Acetone. When wood is sub- 
jected to destructive distillation, about one per cent, 
of an inflammable volatile liquid, along with other 
products, passes over, which, when separated and 
purified, constitutes pyroxylic spirit. It is given in 
the same cases and doses as acetone. S. Raph'ani 
compos'itus, spiritus armoraciae compositus. S. recti- 
ficatis'simus, alcohol, spec. grav. 8.30 to 8.28. S. 
rectiflca'tus (Ph. Br.), Alcohol, Spirit of wine; alcohol, 
C2H5HO, with 16 per cent, of water; obtained by dis- 
tillation of fermented saccharine fluids; see Alcohol. 
Rectified spirit is much used in pharmacy to dissolve 
resinous and other substances. It is seldom exhibited 
internally, although it exists in the diluted state in 
all vinous and spirituous liquors. Externally it is 
employed as a discutient. S. rec'tor, aroma. S. 
rorif'erus, gas sanguinis. S. rosmari'ni, Spirit of 
rosemary, Hungary water (ol. rosmarini, f^j; spirit, 
rectificat., Stimulant; perfume and in- 
gredient in lotions and liniments. S. sa'lis ac'- 
idus or fu'mans, muriatic acid. S. sa'lis am- 
moni'aci, spiritus ammoniae. S. sa'lis ammoni'aci 
aquo'sus, liquor ammoniae. S. sa'lis ammoni'aci 
caus'ticus, water of ammonia. S. sa'lis ammoni'- 
aci lactes'cens or lac'teus, spiritus ammoniae succi- 
natus. S. sa'lis ammoni'aci sulphura'tus, ammonii 
sulphuretum. S. sa'lis dul'cis, spiritus aetheris mu- 
riatici ; spirit of hydrochloric ether. S. sa'lis Glau'- 
beri, muriatic acid. S. sa'lis mari'ni, muriatic acid. 
S. sa'lis mari'ni coagula'tus, potassae murias. S. 
1031 
SPISSANTIA 
sa'lis volat'ilis oleo'sus, spiritus ammoniae aromati- 
cus. S. sapo'nis, tincture of soap. S. sapo'nis al- 
kali'nus, solution of green soap, §ij, in alcohol, 
to which, after filtration, spirit of lavender, JJij, is 
added. It has been recommended as an application 
in seborrhcea. A more elegant preparation is made 
by dissolving of the soap in 3x of cologne-water. 
S. sapo'nis camphora'tus, soap liniment. S. sina'- 
pis, spirit of mustard. S. sulphu'rico-sethe'reus 
camphora'tus, tinctura tetherea composita. S. sul- 
phu'rico-aethe'reus martia'lis, tincture or alcohol 
sulphurico-aethereus ferri. S. sul'phuris, sulphuric 
acid, sulphurous acid. S. sul'phuris per campa'- 
nam, sulphurous acid. S. sul'phuris volat'ilis, am- 
monii sulphuretum. S. sulphuro'sus volat'ilis, sul- 
phurous acid. S. tenu'ior, Proof spirit (generally 
made for pharmaceutical purposes by mixing equal 
parts of rectified spirit and distilled water). Em- 
ployed in the same cases as those in which alcohol 
is used, chiefly as a solvent of vegetable matters in 
the form of tinctures; see Alcohol. S. ten'uis, alco- 
hol, sp. gr. .942 to .940. S. terebin'thinae, oil of tur- 
pentine. S. ven'eris, aceticum acidum. S. vi'ni con- 
centra'tus, alcohol, sp. gr. .8336. S. vi'ni dilu'tus, 
alcohol, sp. gr. .892. S. vi'ni Gal'lici, brandy. S. 
vi'ni rectificatis'simus, alcohol, sp. gr. .838. S. vi'ni 
rectifica'tus, dilute alcohol. S. vino'sus camphora'- 
tus, spiritus camphorae. S. vino'sus tenu'ior, spiritus 
tenuior. S. vita'lis, nervous fluid. S. vitri'oli, sul- 
phuric acid. S. vitri'oli ac'idus Vog'leri, sulphuri- 
cum acidum dilutum. S. vitri'oli coagula'tus Myn- 
sich'ti, potassii sulphas. S. vitri'oli dul'cis, spiritus 
aetheris sulphurici. S. vitri'oli phlogistica'tus, sul- 
phurous acid. S. volat'ilis aromat'icus, spiritus am- 
moniae aromaticus. S. volat'ilis cor'nu cer'vi, spirit 
of hartshorn. S. volat'ilis foe'tidus, spiritus ammo- 
niae fcetidus. S. volat'ilis suc'cini, spirit of amber. 
Spirit-weed. Indian red root, Sachnanthes tinc- 
toria. 
Spirobacte'ria. Twisted or spiral-celled bacteria. 
See Bacteria. 
Spirochaeta, spir-o-ke'tah. Genus of schizomycetes, 
individualized by cells presenting long, thin threads 
twisted into a spiral; their movements are active. 
S. bucca'lis, leptothrix of the mouth. S. Cohn'ii, 
noticed on the teeth, resembling S. Obermeieri, but 
not so long. S. Obermei'eri occurs in blood of pa- 
tients suffering with relapsing fever; see Spirillum. 
S. plicat'ilis, found in stagnant water. 
Spirocolon, spir-o-ko'lon. Syphiloid affection, en- 
demic in Greece during the war of freedom from 
1820 to 1825. 
Spirograph, spi'ro-graf (spiro, to breathe, grapho, to 
write). See Atmegraph. 
Spi'roid (speira, a winding, eidos, resemblance). 
Resembling a screw or spiral. S. canal', aquaeductus 
Fallopii. 
Spirokolon, spir-o-ko'lon. Spirocolon. 
Spirometer, spi-rom'et-ur (spiro, to breathe, metron, 
measure). Properly Anapnometer, Pneometer, Pneusom- 
eter, Pneumometer, Pneumatometer, Pneumonometer. Any 
instrument for measuring the quantity of air con- 
cerned in respiration, and consequently the capacity 
of the lungs. This mode of measurement has been 
called spirometry and pneometry, as it was formerly 
called pulmometry. The term spirometer is now usu- 
ally applied to a kind of gasometer to estimate the 
quantity of air contained in, or rather expelled from, 
the lungs under different circumstances. A wet meter 
is sometimes used to ascertain the breathing capacity, 
and has been called a spiroscope, spiroscopium. 
Spirometry, spi-rom'et-ry. Use of the spirometer. 
Spirophore, spi'ro-fore (spiro, phero, to carry). In- 
strument used in artificial respiration in new-born 
children. 
Spiroptera hominis, spir-op'tur-ah hom'in-is (spei- 
ra, spire, pteron, wing). See Parasites. 
Spiroscope, spi'ro-skope (spiro, to breathe, skopeo, to 
examine). See Spirometer. 
Spissantia, spis-san'she-ah (spisso, to thicken). See 
Incrassantia. SPISSATED 
Spis'sated (spissatus). Thickened. 
Spis'situde (spisso, to thicken). State of being 
thick or dense. 
Spit. Sputum. 
Spit'al. Hospital. 
Spith'ama (spithame). Measure of twelve fingers' 
breadth or about nine inches. 
Spiffing (see Spit). Exspuition. S. of blood, see 
Haemoptysis. 
Spit/tle. Hospital; saliva. S., sweet, see Sali- 
vation. 
Spix, angles of. Angles between alveolo-nasal line 
and coronal or naso-basilar line. S., horizontal 
plane of, alveolo-condylean plane. 
Splanchna, splank'nah (splanchna). Entrails. 
Splanchnectopia, splank-nek-top'e-ah (splanchna, 
ek, out of, topos, place). Misplacement or ectopia of 
the intestines. 
Splanchnelmin'tha (splanchna, helmins, a worm). 
Worms. 
Splanchneurysma, splank-nu-riz'mah (splanchna, 
euruno, to dilate). Morbid dilatation of the intes- 
tines. 
Splanch'nic. Relating or belonging to the viscera. 
S. cav'ities are the three great cavities of the body- 
cranium, chest, and abdomen. S. gan'glion, ganglion 
on great splanchnic nerve over eleventh or twelfth 
dorsal vertebra. S. nerves belong to the great sym- 
pathetic ; two in number on each side. They are 
distinguished into: 1. The great splanchnic nerve. 
Its roots-four or five in number-come from the 6th, 
7th, 8th, 9th, and sometimes the 10th thoracic ganglia. 
They descend inward on the sides of the vertebral 
column beneath the pleura, and unite into a single 
trunk, which enters the abdomen through a separa- 
tion of the fleshy fibres of the pillars of the dia- 
phragm ; passes behind the stomach and divides into 
several branches which pass into the semilunar gan- 
glion. 2. The lesser splanchnic nerve, Renal nerve, is 
composed of two distinct branches proceeding from 
the 10th and 11 thoracic ganglia, which unite on the 
12th dorsal vertebra into a cord that pierces the dia- 
phragm singly; enters the abdomen and divides into 
two branches, one anastomosing with the greater 
splanchnic nerve, the other sending its filaments to 
the renal and solar plexuses. 
Splanch'nica. Medicines adapted to diseases of 
the bowels. Diseases affecting the collatitious viscera, 
and characterized by disquiet or diseased action in the 
organs auxiliary to the digestive process without 
primary inflammation. 
Splanchnodiastasis, splank-no-de-as'tas-is (splanch- 
na, diastasis, displacement). Misplacement of the in- 
testines. 
Splanchnodyne, splank-nod'in-a (splanchna, odune, 
pain). Pain in the bowels. 
Splanchnograph'ia. Splanchnography. 
Splanchnography, splank-nog'raf-e (splanchna, 
grapho, description). The part of anatomy treating 
of the viscera. 
Splanch'nolith (splanchna, lithos, stone). Calculus 
in the viscera. 
Splanchnolithiasls, splank-no-lith-e'as-is (splanch- 
na, lithos, stone). Formation of a calculous concre- 
tion in a viscus. 
Splanchnol'ogy (splanchna, logos, a discourse). A 
treatise on the viscera ; also splanchnography. 
Splanch'non or Splanch'num (sing, of Splanchna). 
Viscus. 
Splanchnopathi'a (splanchna, pathos, suffering). 
Disease of the intestines or of the viscera; Splanch- 
nopathy. 
Splanchnopleure, splank'no-plure (splanchnon, pleu- 
ron, side). Lower division of mesoblast covered with 
hypoblast. 
Splanchnopto'sis (splanchna, ptosis, falling). Sink- 
ing or prolapse of the viscera. 
Splanchnosclerosis, splank-no-skler-o'sis (splanch- 
non, skleros, hard). Induration of a viscus. 
Splanchnoscopy, splank-nos'ko-pe (splanchnon, 
skopeo, to examine). Examination of viscera. 
1032 
SPLENIC 
Splanchnoskel'eton (splanchnon, skeleton). Bony 
formation in viscera. 
Splanchnotomy, splank-not'o-me (splanchna, tome, 
section). Dissection or anatomy of the viscera. 
Splat'foot. See Kyllosis. 
Splay'foot (splay, spread). See Kyllosis. 
Spleen (splen). Soft, spongy, parenchymatous or- 
gan, of a more or less deep violet red, situate deeply 
in the left hypochondrium, below the diaphragm, 
above the colon, between the great tuberosity of the 
stomach and the cartilages of the false ribs, and above 
and anterior to the kidney. The following measure- 
ments have recently been made of this organ: 
Weight 176 g. (Blosfeld), 298 g. (Dieberg). 
Volume ...... 238 cm. 
Length 120-130 cm. 
Breadth 70- 80 
Thickness 30 
Follicle of spleen 0.35 in size. 
Its parenchyma, which is bathed in blood, consti- 
tuting the pulp, pulpa, substantia pulposa or rubra or 
vasculosa, contains a multitude of grayish, soft, and 
semitransparent granulations-splenic corpuscles, Mal- 
pighian bodies of the spleen, Corpuscula Malpighii or 
Zienis, Glandulse Malpighii, Acini lienis, Vesiculae grisese. 
It is covered by a serous membrane furnished by 
the peritoneum, and by a proper coat, of a fibrous 
nature, membrana propria or albuginea or fibrosa, 
which is intimately united with it, and transmits into 
its interior delicate, solid, and very elastic prolonga- 
tions-trabeculae. At the inner edge is a fissure- 
hilus or porta lienis-by which the vessels and nerves 
enter. The upper extremity is the head, or caput 
lienis; the lower, the tail, or cauda lienis. The ex- 
act functions of the spleen are unknown. The best 
opinion is that it appertains to hsematosis, and acts 
also as a diverticulum to the vascular system. Hypo- 
chondriasis. S., am'yloid disease of, see Lardaceous. 
S., at'rophy of, wasting or atrophy of the spleen. S., 
ba'con, lardaceous spleen. S., larda'ceous, see Lar- 
daceous. S., Malpig'hian bod'ies of the, see Spleen. 
S., sa'go, sago spleen ; amyloid disease of the follicles 
of Malpighi. S., supernumerary, lienculus. S., 
suspen'sory lig'ament of, see Suspensory. S., wax'y, 
see Lardaceous. 
Spleen'wort. Asplenium, A. filix foemina, Aspleni- 
um scolopendrium. S. bush, Comptonia asplenifolia. 
Splen. Spleen. 
Splenalgia, splen-al'ge-ah (splen, algos, pain). Pain 
in the spleen. S. Bengalen'sis, see Cachexia, splenic. 
S. phlegmono'dea, splenitis. S. subinflammato'ria 
chron'ica, splenoncus. 
Splenatrophia, splen-at-rof'e-ah (splen, atrophia, 
atrophy). Wasting or atrophy of the spleen. 
Splenauxe, splen-owks'e (splen, auxe, increase). 
Enlargement or tumor of the spleen. 
Splencull, splen'ku-le (pl. of Splenculus). Small 
spleens. See Lienculus. 
Splenectama, splen-ek'tam-ah (splen, ektama, dilata- 
tion). Enlargement of the spleen. 
Splenectasis, splen-ek'tas-is (splen, ektasis, dilata- 
tion). Enlargement of the spleen. 
Splenectomia, splen-ek-tom'e-ah (splen, ektome, ex- 
cision). Splenectomy. 
Splenec'tomy (splen, ektome, excision). Bemoval 
of the spleen by excision. 
Splenectopia, splen-ek-top'e-ah (splen, ektopos, out 
of place). Dislocation of the spleen ; Splenec'topy. 
Splenelcosis, splen-el-co'sis (splen, helcosis, ulcera- 
tion). Ulceration of the spleen. 
Splenemphraxis, splen-em-fraks'is (splen, emphrasso, 
to obstruct). Obstruction of the spleen. See Splen- 
oncus. 
Splen'es (pl. of Splen). Hypochondriasis. 
Splenetic, splen-et'ik. Relating to the spleen. One 
laboring under diseased spleen. A medicine adapted 
for diseases of the spleen. 
Splen'ic (splen). Relating to the spleen. S. anae'- 
mia, Hodgkin's disease. S. ap'oplexy or fe'ver, 
anthrax. S. ar'tery arises from the cceliac, and SPLENICA 
passes from right to left, forming many windings 
along the upper edge of the pancreas, which lodges it 
in a special groove. It reaches the fissure of the 
spleen, and divides into several branches that enter 
the organ. In its course it furnishes the pancreatic, 
left gastro-epiploic, and the vasa brevia. S. cachex'ia, 
see Cachexia splenica. S. cor'puscles, see Spleen. 
Lymphatic nodules occurring in the spleen about the 
arterioles. S. fe'ver, anthrax; Texas cattle fever. 
S. flex'ure, separation of coeliac plexus surrounding 
splenic plexus. S. plex'us is a nervous network 
proceeding from the coeliac plexus and accompanying 
the splenic artery, sending secondary plexuses to each 
division. S. pouch, peritoneal pouch for reception of 
the spleen, formed by phrenocolic ligament. S. vein 
arises from the spleen and accompanies the splenic 
artery; proceeding from left to right, to unite with 
the superior mesenteric vein, and to form, with it, the 
abdominal vena porta. In its course it receives veins 
corresponding to the vasa brevia, the right and left 
gastro-epiploic, the duodenal, pancreatic, coronaria 
ventriculi, and inferior mesenteric veins. 
Splen'ica. Splenalgia. Also medicines affecting 
the spleen. 
Splenicopancreat'ic ar'teries. See Arteries. S. 
glands, lymphatic glands along the course of the 
splenic vessels. 
Splenicus, splen'ik-us. Splenetic; splenic. 
Splenification, splen-e-fik-a'shun (splen, fio, to be- 
come). Splenization. 
Spleniola, splen-e'o-lah (dim. of Splen). Compress. 
Sple'nis tu'mor (tumor of the spleen). Ague-cake. 
Splenlscus, splen-is'kus. Compress. 
Splenisis, splen'is-is (splen). Splenization. 
Splenit'icus. Splenic. 
Splenitis, splen-e'tis (splen, itis). Inflammation of 
the spleen. Rare disease, characterized by local pain, 
swelling, and heat, sometimes terminating by suppu- 
ration. It generally affects the capsule-being called 
episplenitis or perisplenitis-and must be treated like 
other inflammations. 
Sple'nium. Compress. S. cor'poris callo'si, see 
Corpus callosum. S. crucia'tum, Maltese cross. 
Sple'nius. Posterior mastoid muscle. So called 
from its resemblance to the spleen of certain ani- 
mals. A muscle situate on the posterior part of the 
neck and upper part of the back; broader above 
than below, where it terminates in a point. Attached 
by its inner edge to the spinous processes of the first 
five dorsal vertebrae, to that of the seventh cervical, 
and to the inferior part of the posterior cervical lig- 
ament. By its upper extremity it is attached to the 
transverse processes of the first two cervical verte- 
brae, to the mastoid process, and to the posterior sur- 
face of the occipital bone. Some have considered 
this muscle to be formed of two portions, which they 
have called Splenius colli and Splenius capitis. The 
splenitis extends the head, inclines it, and rotates it. 
If the splenii act together, they extend the head. S. 
accesso'rius, rhombo-atloideus. S. cap'itis, splenius. 
S. cervi'cis or col'll, splenius. 
Splenization, splen-i-za'shun. Splenification. Term 
applied to the state of the lung in the first or second 
stage of pneumonia, in which its tissue resembles 
that of the spleen. To a conversion of the lung into 
a spleen-like substance in the yellow fever of Gibral- 
tar the term splenisis was given by Louis and others. 
Splenoce'le (Eng. splen'o-seel) (splen, Icele, tumor). 
Hernia formed by the spleen. 
Splenoceratosis, splen-o-cer-at-o'sis. Hardness of 
the spleen. 
Splenocol'ic. Relating to the spleen and colon. S. 
lig'ament, fold of peritoneum between spleen and 
mesocolon. 
Spleno'des (splen, odes). Splenoid. 
Splenodynia, splen-o-din'e-ah (splen, odune, pain). 
Splenalgia. 
Splenography, splen-og'raf-e (splen, graphe, descrip- 
tion). Description of the spleen. 
Splenohaemia, splen-o-he'me-ah (splen, haima, 
blood). Congestion or hypersemia of the spleen, a 
1033 
SPONDYLITIS 
common phenomenon in many diseases, especially 
typhoid and intermittent fevers. 
Sple'noid (splen, eidos, resemblance). Spleen-like. 
Having the appearance of the spleen. 
Splenol'ogy (splen, logos, discourse). Treatise on 
the spleen. 
Spleno'ma or Splenon'cus. Tumor of the spleen. 
Splenomalacia, splen-o-mal-ah'se-ah (splen, malakos, 
soft.) Morbid softening of the spleen. 
Splenoncus, splen-on'cus (splen, onkos, tumor). Tu- 
mefaction of the spleen. See Ague-cake. 
Splenoparec'tama (splen, parektama, excessive vol- 
ume). Excessive enlargement of the spleen. 
Splenoparectasis, splen-o-par-ek'tas-is. Spleno- 
parectama. 
Splenopathy, splen-op'ath-e (splen, pathos, disease). 
Disease of the spleen. 
Splenophraxia, splen-o-fraks'e-ah (splen, phrasso, 
to shut up). Obstruction of the spleen. 
Splenophren'ic. Eelating to the spleen and dia- 
phragm. S. lig'ament, fold of peritoneum between 
the spleen and diaphragm. 
Splenophthisis, splen-o-te'sis. Atrophy of the 
spleen. 
Splenorrhagia, splen-or-rhaj'e-ah (splen, rhage, 
bursting forth). Hemorrhage from the spleen. 
Splenoscirrhus, splen-o-skir'rhus (splen, skirrhos, 
hardness). Scirrhus or cancer of the spleen. 
Splenotomy, splen-ot'o-me (splen, tome, incision). 
Dissection of the spleen. 
Splenypertrophia, splen-ip-er-trof'e-ah (splen, 
spleen, hypertrophia). Enlargement of the spleen. 
Splint. Flexible and resisting lamina of wood used 
in treating fractures to keep the fragments in apposi- 
tion and to prevent displacement. Splints are made 
of iron, wood, bark of trees, leather, leather felt, gutta- 
percha, pasteboard, a combination of paraffine and 
stearine-paraffo-stearine forming a bandage splint, 
Startin's bandage. See Apparatus, immovable. Splints 
are generally padded, and are fixed by a roller or by 
tapes, according to circumstances. S. band'age, see 
Splint. S. bone, fibula. 
Splin'ter. A term applied to a small piece of wood 
which entering the skin gives rise to much irritation 
until removed. It is also applied to fragments sep- 
arating from a fractured or diseased bone. S. bone, 
fibula. 
Split cloth. Bandage for the head consisting of a 
central part and six or eight tails. The single split 
cloth has four tails. A convenient bandage for the 
head, face, and jaws. S. pel'vis, congenital want of 
union of pubic bones at the symphysis. 
Split'rock. Heuchera cortusa. 
Spo'dium Graeco'rum (spodion, dross). Album 
Graecum. 
Spo'gel seeds. Ispaghul seeds. 
Spoke bone. Eadius. 
Spolia'rum (spolio, to deprive of covering). See 
Apodyterium. 
Spoliative, spo'le-a-tiv (spolio, to take away). Blood- 
letting, used for the purpose of diminishing the mass 
of blood. 
Spoliato'rium (spolio, to deprive of covering). 
Apodyterium. 
Spon'dles (spondylus). Vertebrae. 
Spondylalgia, spon-dil-al'je-ah (spondylus, algos, 
pain). Pain in the vertebrae. See Vertebral disease. 
Spondylarthritis, spon-dil-ar-thre'tis (spondylus, 
arthron, joint, itis). Gouty or rheumatic inflamma- 
tion of the spinal column. 
Spondylarthrocace, spon-dil-ar-throk'as-e (spon- 
dylus, arthron, joint, kakos, evil). Vertebral disease. 
Spondylexarthrosis, spon-dil-eks-ar-thro'sis (spon- 
dulos, vertebra, exarthrosis, luxation). Dislocation of 
the spine. 
Spondyli, spon'dil-e. Vertebrae. 
Spondylisthesis, spon-dil-is-tha'sis (spondylus, olis- 
thesis, slipping or sliding). Dislocation of the verte- 
brae, as of the last lumbar vertebra forward on the 
sacrum, thus producing pelvic contraction. 
Spondylitis, spon-dil-e'tis (spondylus, itis). Inflam- SPONDYLIUM 
mation of the vertebrae. S. defor'mans, deformity- 
produced by ossification of cartilages occurring in 
spondylitis. 
Spondyl'ium. Heracleum spondylium. 
Spondylocace, spon-dil-ok'as-e (spondylus, kakos, 
evil). Vertebral disease. 
Spondylodynia, spon-dil-o-din'e-ah (spondylus, 
odune, pain). Pain in the vertebrae. 
Spondylolisthe'sis. Spondylisthesis. 
Spondylopathia, spon-dil-o-path-e'ah (spondylus, 
pathos, disease). Disease of the vertebral column; 
Spondylopathy. 
Spondylopyo'sis (spondylus, puosis, suppuration). 
See Vertebral disease. 
Spondylot'omy (spondylus, tome, incision). Cutting 
through the spine, as in the fcetus in cross-births, 
where turning is impossible. 
Spondylozematic (spon-dil-o-ze-mat'ik) pel'vis. De- 
formity of the pelvis occurring in spondylolisthesis. 
Spon'dylus. A vertebra. Also the vertex. 
Sponge. Spongia. S., bas'tard, see Alcyonium. S. 
bath, see Bath, sponge. S., prepared', see Spongia. 
S. tent, see Spongia. S. tent, car'bolized, see Spongia. 
Sponge-graft'ing. Filling a cavity with sponge, 
which is allowed to be absorbed. 
Spon'gi (spongos). Tumefied glands of the neck. 
Spon'gia. Sponge (pron. spunj). An organized marine 
substance, of the class Porifera, met with in many 
seas, but especially in the Mediterranean and Arabian. 
It is supple, elastic, porous, and capable of absorbing 
fluids in which it may be placed, and of thus in- 
creasing in size. Employed in surgery for cleansing 
or washing, for absorbing acrid discharges from 
ulcers, suppressing hemorrhage when the mouth of 
the vessel can be compressed by it, and fur forming 
tents for dilating wounds; in which case the sponge 
is immersed in melting wax and cooled before being 
used. It is then called Spongia cerata, Waxed, Berated, 
or Prepared sponge or Sponge tent. Sponges are ren- 
dered antiseptic for surgical use. Carbolized sponge 
tents are also employed. S. Adriat'ica, Turkey cup- 
sponge. S. as'sa, S. usta. S. cera'ta, see Spongia. 
S. compres'sa, compressed sponge. S. cynos'bati, 
bedcgar. S. equi'na, horse sponge. S. gossypi'na, 
wool sponge. S. officina'lis, Levant or common 
sponge. S. pres'sa, compressed sponge. S. us'ta, 
Burnt sponge, contains carbonate and phosphate of 
calcium, carbonate of sodium, charcoal, and. iodine. 
Used in bronchocele, scrofulous affections, and her- 
petic eruptions. Its good effects seem to be depend- 
ent upon iodine. 
Spon'giae la'pis. Small friable stones found in 
sponge, formerly esteemed lithontriptic. 
Spon'giform (spongia, forma, form). Spongoid. 
Sponging (spun'jing) bath. Bath, sponge. 
Spongioblasts, spun'je-o-blasts (spongos, blastos, 
germ). Small dots in internal reticular layer of 
retina which send thin prolongations into rod and 
cone layer. 
Spongiodes, spun-je-o'dees. Spongoid. 
Spongiopilin (spun-ge-o-pi'lin) or Spongiopi'line 
(spongia, sponge, pilus, hair). A fabric composed of 
sponge and wool felted together in three layers, and 
coated on one surface with caoutchouc, which renders 
it impermeable. It is of great service as a cataplasm, 
fomentation, vehicle for lotions, liniments, etc. 
Spongioplasma, spun-ge-o-plaz'mah (plasma). 
Chromatin of cell-nucleus. 
Spongiose, spun'ge-ose (spongos). Resembling a 
sponge in being full of pores. 
Spongio'sum (os). Ethmoid bone. 
Spongio'sus. Spongoid. 
Spongo'des (spongia, odes). Spongoid. 
Spongoid, spun'goid (spongia, eidos, resemblance). 
Resembling sponge. Of the nature of sponge. Spongy. 
S. inflamma'tion, hsematodes fungus. S. tis'sue, an 
adventifious spongy tissue found in rickets. 
Spon'gos. Tonsil. 
Spon'gy. Spongoid. S. bones, those having a 
particularly porous or spongy texture, as the eth- 
moid, turbinated bones, etc. S. por'tion of ure'thra, 
1034 
SPRAIN 
part surrounded by corpus spongiosum. S. tis'sue, 
see Bone. 
Spon'sa so'lis (spouse of the sun). Calendula 
officinalis. 
Spontaneous (sponte, voluntarily). That which 
occurs of itself or without any manifest external 
cause. Evacuations are termed spontaneous which 
are not produced by medicine. Spontaneous lassitude 
is that which is not the result of fatigue. Diseases 
are also spontaneous which supervene without ap- 
parent cause. Spontaneous or intra-uterine amputa- 
tion is the separation of a limb from the foetus in 
utero. It has been found, in such cases, that it is the 
left arm which is usually wanting. S. combus'tion, 
see Combustion. S. cre'tinism, condition of idiocy in 
individuals not living or having resided in goitrous 
districts. S. evolu'tion, see Evolution. S. genera'- 
tion, see Generation. S. ver'sion, spontaneous evo- 
lution. 
Spoon (from its hollowness). Umbilicus. 
Spoon-saw, Thomas's. Instrument shaped like a 
spoon with serrated edge; used as a curette. 
Spoon'wood. Kalmia latifolia; Tilia Americana. 
Spoon'wort. Cochlearia officinalis. 
Spo'ra. Spore. 
Sporad'ic (sporadikos, scattered, occurring in all 
seasons and places). An epithet for diseases super- 
vening indifferently in every season and situation 
from accidental causes, and independently of epi- 
demic or contagious influence. S. chol'era, acute 
gastro-enteric affection with symptoms resembling 
cholera; not epidemic. S. gan'glia, enlargements 
caused by nerve-corpuscles grouping along the course 
of peripheral uerves. 
Sporadic'ity. State of being sporadic. 
Spore (sporos, sowing). The reproductive body in 
cryptogamous plants, analogous to the seed of phan- 
erogamous plants. 
Sporid'ium (sporos, sowing). The reproductive 
body in algaceous plants, resembling the spore of 
other plants. 
Sporiso'rium ma'idis. See Pellagra. 
Sporosper'mia (sperma). Psorospermia. 
Sporozo'a. Parasites belonging to the lowest di- 
vision of the protozoa or psorosperms. 
Spor'ula, Spor'ule, Spor'ulus, Spo'rum, or Spo'- 
rus. Spore. 
Spot. Macula. S., blind, point of entrance of 
optic nerve at the fundus of the eye. S. of Som- 
mering, see Foramen centrale. 
Spots, cer'ebral. Bed marks or stains noticed in 
hydrocephalic children when pressure is made on the 
skin. S., ger'minal, see Molecule. S., meningit'ic, 
S., cerebral. S., red, Rose spots, Lenticular spots ; small 
red spots appearing in typhoid fever from the eighth 
to the fifteenth day of the disease. They are most fre- 
quently seen on the lower and middle portions of the 
chest and upper part of the abdomen. S., rose, 
spots, red. S., sum'mer, ephelides. S., wine, see 
Telangeiectasia. 
Spot'ted al'der. Witch-hazel; Hamamelis Vir- 
ginica. S. cow'bane, Cicuta maculata. S. fe'ver, 
cerebrospinal meningitis. S. gera'nium, Geranium 
maculatum. S. hem'lock, Conium maculatum. S. 
kid'ney, see Kidney. S. par'sley, Conium macula- 
tum. S. spurge, Euphorbia maculata. S. wa'ter- 
hem'lock, Cicuta maculata. S. win'tergreen, Chi- 
maphila maculata. 
Sprain (corrupted from strain [?]). Wrench. Violent 
straining or twisting of the soft parts surrounding the 
joints. According to the degree of the sprain, the 
fibrous parts of the joint may be simply stretched or 
ruptured. This affection, which has been regarded as 
incomplete luxation, occurs, particularly, in the gin- 
glymoid joints, as the foot, wrist, knee, etc. Violence 
causes an afflux of blood; the serum of the blood is 
poured out, and often the blood itself, owing to the 
rupture of vessels, and inflammation arises, ending 
in resolution or induration. S. frac'ture, separation 
of a tendon from point of insertion, a thin shell of 
bone being detached. SPRAT 
Sprat, yel'low-billed. Clupea thryssa. 
Spray. See Pulverization. S. cure, variety of the 
douche, consisting in the application of water in the 
form of spray. See Pulverization. 
Spray-produ'cers. See Pulverization. 
Spring conjunctivi'tis. Inflammation of conjunc- 
tiva, occurring principally in young persons, and 
recurring in the spring or summer, and disappearing 
with cold weather. 
Spring-nail. Hang-nail. 
Spring'worm. Oxyuris vermicularis. 
Spruce. See Pinus abies. S. beer, White spruce 
beer; beer made of water, sugar, essence of spruce, 
and yeast. It is grateful and antiscorbutic. S. fir, 
Abies excelsa. 
Sprue. Thrush. 
Spuitio, spu-ish'e-o (sputum, to spit). Exspuition. 
Spu'ma argen'ti (froth of silver). Plumbi oxidum 
semivitreum. S. cerevis'ise, yeast. S. tri'um dra- 
co'num, antimonium muriatum. 
Spume (spuma, froth). Froth or serum which rises 
to the surface of fluids, especially when heat is applied. 
Spumo'sus (spuma, froth). Frothy. 
Spunk. Boletus igniarius. 
Spur. Angle at which the arteries leave a cavity 
or trunk. Ergot. 
Spur'blind (purblind). Myopic. 
Spurge, ca'per (purgo, to purge). Euphorbia 
lathyris. S., cy'press, Euphorbia cyprissias. S.,flax, 
Daphne gnidium. S., flow'ering, large, Euphorbia 
corollata. S., gar'den, Euphorbia lathyris. S., great- 
er, Euphorbia palustris. S., ipecacuan'ha, Euphorbia 
ipecacuanha. S. laur'el, Daphne laureola. S., marsh, 
Euphorbia palustris. S. ol'ive, Daphne mezereum, 
Cneorum tricoccum. S., pet'ty, Euphorbia peplus. 
S., sea, Euphorbia paralias. S., spot'ted, Euphorbia 
maculata. S., sun, Euphorbia helioscopia. S.,wart'- 
wort, Euphorbia helioscopia. 
Spu'rious preg'nancy. Presence of symptoms re- 
sembling pregnancy. 
Spur-pep'per. Fruit of Capsicum frutescens. 
Spu'ta (pl. of Sputum). See Sputum. S., prune- 
juice, see Prune-juice. 
Sputa'men (spuo, to spit). Saliva; sputum. 
Sputamen'tum. Saliva; sputum. 
Sputatio, spu-tah'she-o. Exspuition. 
Sputa'tion. Exspuition. 
Sputato'rius. Expectorant. 
Spu'tum (spuo, sputum, to spit). Spit. The secretion 
ejected from the mouth in the act of spitting; com- 
posed of saliva and of the mucus secreted by the 
mucous membrane of the nasal fossae and fauces, and 
often by the membrane of the larynx and bronchia. 
The sputa are sometimes called eruginous when of a 
greenish-yellow color; gummy, when resembling a 
thick solution of gum; frothy, when covered with 
froth; mucoid, in acute bronchitis, asthma, and early 
stages of pneumonia; muco-purulent, as in chronic 
pulmonary and bronchial catarrh, phthisis, etc.; puru- 
lent, as in pulmonary abscess, discharge of empyema 
into the lung, etc.; prune-juice, as in retention of 
blood in the lung, pulmonary gangrene or cancer, 
etc.; rusty, as in croupous pneumonia ; currant-jelly, 
in pulmonary cancer; nummular, when in masses or 
rolls like coin (see Nummular); rubiginous, when of a 
reddish-yellow; and streaked, when mixed with lines 
of blood. It may be fetid in advanced phthisis, abscess, 
or gangrene of the lung, etc. Pneumonia, gangrene of 
the lung, acute bronchitis, phthisis, etc. all have cha- 
racteristic sputa, the properties of which aid in the for- 
mation of a diagnosis. Also saliva. S. concoc'tum, 
the expectoration of phthisis as modified by the ad- 
ministration of cod-liver oil, the sputa being flattened 
and ripened. S. cruen'tum, haemoptysis. S. dul'ce, 
saccharorrhoea pulmonalis. S. o'ris, salivation. S., 
prune-juice, see Prune-juice. S. sacchara'tum, sac- 
charorrhcea pulmonalis. S. san'guinis, haemoptysis. 
Squall'ing. Cry of the new-born child. 
Squama, squaw'mah. Squamous portion; table. 
S. fronta'lis, vertical portion of frontal bone. S. 
occipita'lis, supra-occipital bone. S. os'sis fron'tis, 
1035 
STADIUM 
squama frontalis. S. os'sis occip'itis, supra-occipital 
bone. S. os'sis tem'porum or S. tempora'lis, thin 
portion of squamous part of temporal bone. 
Squa'mse (pl. of Squama). Scaly diseases. 
Squama'ria. Plumbago Europaea. 
Squamiformis, squaw-mif-or'mis {squama, scale, 
forma, shape). Squamous. 
Squamopari'etal su'ture. Line of union between 
squamous portion of temporal bone and parietal bone. 
Squamosal, squaw-mo'sal. Scale-like. S. bone, 
squamous portion of temporal bone. S. su'ture, 
squamous suture. 
Squamosotem'poral a'rea. See Areas of skull. 
Squamosphenoi'dal su'ture. Line of union be- 
tween squamous portion of temporal bone and great 
wing of sphenoid bone. 
Squa'mous {squama, scale). Scaly. Relating to or 
resembling a scale. S. epithe'lium, pavement epi- 
thelium. S. por'tion of tem'poral bone, upper 
part of the temporal, so called from a fancied resem- 
blance to a scale; see Temporal bone. S. su'ture, the 
suture uniting the squamous portion of the temporal 
bone to the parietal. Certain scaly cutaneous affec- 
tions are also called squamous. See Scale. 
Squam'ule. Small scale. 
Squamulose (squawm'u-loze) or Squam'ulous. 
Lined with small scales. 
Square lobe of cerebel'lum. Lobus quadrangu- 
laris. S. mus'cle, quadratus lumborum. S. stalk, 
Monarda coccinea. 
Squar'ra {squarra, scurfiness). Rough crusts of 
tinea. S. ton'dens {tondeo, to shave), Porrigo decal- 
vans. 
Squash, round or pat'typan. See Cucurbita pepo. 
S., wart'ed or long-necked, see Cucurbita pepo. 
Squat'ting pills. Pilulae opiatae. 
Squaw ber'ry. Vaccinium stamineum. S. bush, 
Viburnum opulus. S. huck'leberry, Vaccinium stam- 
ineum. S. mint, hedeoma. S. root, Actsea racemosa; 
Caulophyllum thalictroides; Senecio aureus. S. vine, 
Mitchella repens. S. weed, Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
Squeam'ishness. Fastidium cibi. 
Squeas'iness. Nausea. 
Squibb's diarrhoea mixture. Contains tinctura 
opii, spirit, camphor., tinct. capsici, aa f ; chloro- 
form. pur., f 5iij ; alcoholis (95 per cent.), ad 
dose, gtt. x to f 3j. 
Squill. Scilla. S., vin'egar of, acetum scillae. 
Squil'la. Scilla. 
Squinan'cy, com'mon. Cynanche tonsillaris. 
Squinan'thia. Cynanche tonsillaris. 
Squinan'thus. Juncus odoratus. 
Squin'sy. Cynanche tonsillaris. 
Squint. Strabismus. 
Squint'er. See Strabismus. 
Squint'eyed. See Strabismus. 
Squint'ing. Strabismus. 
Squin'zey. Cynanche tonsillaris. 
Squir'rel corn. Dicentra Canadensis. 
Squirrus, skwir'rhus. Scirrhus. 
Squirt. Syringe. 
Squirt'ing cu'cumber. Ord. Cucurbitacese. Ec- 
ballium elaterium ; an ordinary European weed. S. 
c. fruit, nearly ripe fruit of squirting cucumber; 
contains active principle, elaterin. 
Stab cul'ture. Made by thrusting inoculated wire 
into a tube containing gelatin or agar. 
Stabile, sta'bil {stabilis, stable, sto, to stand). Word 
employed in electrotherapy. In applying electrodes to 
a diseased surface, if they remain stationary they are 
said to be stabile. 
Stachys, stak'is (stachus, spike). Surgical bandage 
to the lower belly. Hypogastrium. S. foe'tida, 
galeopsis. 
Stac'te {stakte, myrrh in a liquid state). Myrrha. 
Stactometer, stak-tom'e-tur {staktos, dropping, 
metron, measure). Instrument for measuring drops. 
Stadium, stad-e'um. Period; stage. S. ac'mes, 
the period of the height of a disease. S. annihila- 
tio'nis or convalescen'tise or reconvalescen'tise, the 
period of recovery from disease. S. augmen'ti or in- STAFF 
cremen'ti mor'bi, the period or stage of increase of 
a disease. S. calo'ris, hot stage. S. convalescen'- 
tise, S. annihilationis. S. decremen'ti, the period or 
stage of decrease of a disease. S. decrustatio'nis, 
see Exanthem. S. desquamatio'nis, see Exanthem. S. 
eruptio'nis, see Exanthem. S. exsiccatio'nis, see 
Exanthem. S. floritio'nis, see Exanthem. S. frigo'ris, 
cold stage; see Intermittent fever. S. incremen'ti 
mor'bi, S. augment! morbi. S. laten'tis conta'gii, 
prodromus. S. opportunita'tis, prodroinus. S. pro- 
drome'rum, prodromus; see Exanthem. S. reconva- 
lescen'tise, S. annihilationis. 
Staff. Instrument of great importance in lithotomy, 
being the director for the gorget or knife. It is made 
of steel, and the handle is flat and rough, in order 
that it may be securely held; the groove is on the 
convex surface. S. tree, climb'ing, Celastrus scan- 
dens. S. vine, Celastrus scandens. 
Staf'fa. Stapes. 
Staffordshire or Tait's knot. Used in ovariotomy 
to tie the pedicle. It is made thus : the pedicle is trans- 
fixed by an aneurismal needle armed with a double 
thread; into the loop of this thread are passed the ends 
of the ligature, which has been laid on the abdomen 
loosely around the pedicle; the needle upon being 
withdrawn brings with it these two ends of ligature, 
which now lie above their own loop; one of these ends 
is passed under this loop and is firmly tied into a 
square knot. Free ends are now thrown around the 
pedicle and again tied. 
Stage. Stadium. The period or degree of a dis- 
ease, especially the period of an intermittent-as the 
cold stage, hot stage, etc. S. of labor, see Labor. 
S. mlcrom'eter, a glass slide used on the microscope 
and ruled for minute measurements. 
Stag'gerbush. Andromeda mariana. 
Stag'gergrass. Amaryllis atamasco; plant sup- 
posed to produce ' staggers ' in cattle. 
Stag'gers. See Coenurus. 
Stag'gerweed. Delphinium. 
Stag'horn su'mach. Ehus typhina. 
Sta'gium. The sixth part of an ounce. 
Stag'ma (stagma, a drop, a liquor). Stalagma. Dis- 
tilled liquid or liquor. 
Stagnation (stagno, to form a pond). Accumula- 
tion and retardation of fluids in any part of the body. 
Stag'num chy'li (pond of the chyle). Eeceptacu- 
lum chyli. 
Stag's piz'zle. See Cervus. 
Stahlian, stall'yan. Follower of the doctrine of 
Stahl. 
Stahl'ianism. See Animist. 
Stain'ing. Use of various dyes to color tissues and 
bacteria for microscopic purposes. S. rea'gents, 
hsematoxyline, carmine, and other similar colors used 
in coloring microscopic specimens. 
Stains, blood. See Blood-stains. 
Stalagma, stal'ag-mah (stalagma). Stagma. 
Stalagmite, stal-ag'mite (stalagmos, a dropping). Cyl- 
inder or cone-shaped formation of carbonate of calcium 
found in caves. 
Stalagmitis cambogioides (stal-ag-me'tis cam-bo- 
ge-o-e'dees) or S. cambo'gia (stalagmos, a dropping, the 
gum exuding by drops). Gamboge was long ascribed 
to this fancied Ceylonese plant. It is now known 
that the name was given to specimens of two dis- 
tinct trees of different genera. See Cambogia. 
Stalag'mus (stalagmos, a dropping). Distillation. 
Stalk. Stem or main axis of a plant. 
Stal'tica (staltikos, astringent). Eepellents; astrin- 
gents. 
Sta'men. Male organ of flowers, consisting of an- 
thus, or fertilizing part, which is borne on a stem 
called a filament. 
Stam'ina. Inherent strength of constitution. 
Stam'mer. Uttering or pronouncing with hesita- 
tion or imperfectly. 
Stam'mering. See Balbuties and Stammer. S. of 
the fln'gers, cramp, writer's. 
Stamp. Cachet. S. med'icine, cachet. S., oc'u- 
list's, cachet. 
1036 
STAPHYLOCOCCUS 
Stamp out. Term used by Sir James Y. Simpson 
in the sense of to extirpate a disease, as in the case 
of the rinderpest by killing all the diseased cattle, 
and in that of small-pox by isolation. 
Stamping mill. See Pulverisation. 
Stand. Body of microscope without eye-pieces 
and objectives. 
Stand'ard (extendo, to spread out). That which is 
a basis for comparison. 
Stan'ni chlo'ridum. Tin, muriate of. S. mu'rias, 
tin, muriate of. S. oxid'uli mu'rias, tin, muriate of. 
S. pul'vis, see Tin. 
Stan'nic. Relating to stannum or tin. 
Stanniolum, stan-ne'o-lum (stannum). Tinfoil. 
Stan'nite. Sulphide of tin. Also frequently called 
bell-metal ore. 
Stan'num. Tin. S. chlora'tum, tin, muriate of. 
S. cine'reum, bismuth. S. folia'tum, tinfoil. S. 
glacia'le, bismuth. S. granula'tum, see Tin. S. 
In'dicum, zinc. S. muriat'icum, tin, muriate of. 
Stape'dius (stapes). Muscle of the middle ear 
which draws the stapes obliquely upward. 
Stapelia, stap-a'le-ah. Genus of plants, order of 
Asclepiadacese, which comprise numerous species of 
leafless herbs growing about Cape of Good Hope. 
Stapes, stap'ees (sto, to stand, pes, foot). Stirrup. 
Innermost of the small bones of the ear, so called be- 
cause it resembles a stirrup; situate horizontally 
in the cavity of the tympanum. Its head, which 
is directed outward, is articulated with the os or- 
biculare. The base faces inward, and is applied 
to the fenestra ovalis, which it closes imperfectly, and 
to the membrane to which it is united. Its branches 
are an anterior and a posterior. They are curved, and 
the space between them is parabolic. Surgeons have 
given the name stapes to a bandage used in bleeding 
from the foot, which forms a figure of 8 around the 
ankle. 
Stapha, staf'ah. Stapes. 
Staphis, staf'is (staphis, grape or vine). Delphin- 
ium staphisagria. 
Staphisagria (Ph. U. S.), staf-is-ag're-ah (staphis, 
grape, agrios, wild). Seed of Delphinium staphisagria. 
Staphisagrine, staf-is-ag'reen. Alkaloid of staphis- 
agria. 
Staphylsematoma, staf-il-e-mat-o'mah (staphyle, 
uvula, hsematoma). Tumor formed by effusion of blood 
beneath the mucous membrane of the uvula. 
Staph'ylagra (staphyle, agra, seizure). Instrument 
for laying hold of and seizing the uvula. 
Staphyle, staf'il-a (staphule, grape). Uvula. See 
Vitis vinifera. 
Staphyle'a trifo'lia. Bladder-nut. Ord. Sapin- 
daceae. Native shrub of the United States. 
Staphylepartes, staf-il-a-par'tees (staphyle, epairo, 
to lift up). An instrument for laying hold of and 
removing the uvula. 
Staphyletomia, staf-il-et-om'e-ah (staphyle, tome, 
incision). Amputation of the uvula. 
Staphyli'ni (staphyle). See Azygos muscle. S. me'dii, 
see Azygos muscle. 
Staphylinopharyngeus, staf-il-e-no-far-in-ja'us. Pal- 
atopharyngeus. 
Staphylinus, staf-il-e'nus. Azygos uvulae. S. ex- 
ter'nus, tensor tympani. S. inter'nus, levator 
palati. 
Staphylion, staf-il'e-on (staphyle). Median point of 
posterior nasal spine. 
Staph'ylis (staphule, grape). Nipple. 
Staphylitis, staf-il-e'tis (staphyle, itis). Uvulitis. 
Staphyl'ium (stapMion, a small grape). Nipple. 
Staphylococcus, staf-il-o-kok'kus (staphyle, kokkos, 
kernel). Micrococcii arranged in heaps or irregular 
masses. S. ce'reus al'bus, found in pus; by culture, 
producing white, somewhat shining growth. S. c. 
fla'vus, similar to S. albus, but culture yields citron- 
yellow growth; occurs in pus. S. flaves'cens, yel- 
lowish-white S. found in pustules of small-pox. S. 
pyog'enes al'bus, Micrococcus pyogenes albus, resem- 
ble S. p. aureus morphologically and pathogenically. 
S. pyog'enes au'reus (golden-yellow), Micrococcus STAPHYLODIALYSIS 
pyogenes aureus; found in pus and boils and in 
abscesses of pyaemia and puerperal fever; coccus of 
acute infectious osteomyelitis. S. p. cit'reus, like the 
former, except color is lemon-yellow; they are often 
present in pus. S. pyosep'ticus is more virulent 
than the aureus, which it resembles. S. saliva'rius 
pyog'enes, found in human saliva; culture yields a 
whitish appearance on gelatin and orange-yellow on 
agar. Inoculated, it produces suppuration. S. vir'- 
idis flaves'cens, found in pustules of small-pox; not 
pathogenic. 
Staphylodialysis, staf-il-o-de-al'is-is (staphyle, dialu- 
sis, dissolution). Tumefaction of the uvula; staph- 
yloedema. 
Staphyloedema, staf-il-e-de'mah (staphyle, oedema'). 
Relaxation and tumefaction of the uvula, which, 
from inflammation or infiltration, hangs so as to 
occasion difficult deglutition, cough, etc. Scarifica- 
tion, astringent gargles, and, if necessary, excision, 
constitute the treatment. 
Staphyloma, staf-il-o'mah (staphuloma, staphule, 
grape). Protrusion of the anterior surface of the eye, 
usually the cornea and iris or sclerotic and choroid; 
due to previous ulceration causing local attenuation. 
S., an'nular, see Staphyloma of the sclerotic. S., cil'iary, 
see Staphyloma of the sclerotic. S. con'icum, staph- 
yloma of the cornea. S. con'icum pellu'cidum, staph- 
yloma of the cornea. S. of the cor'nea, Sugarloaf 
cornea or Conical cornea, Prolapsus cornese, is an un- 
equal, embossed, bluish or whitish, round or conical 
or hyperboloid tumor of variable size, formed by the 
projection of the transparent cornea, which is some- 
times extenuated and distended, at others thickened. 
S. i'ridis, hernia iridis. S. racemo'sum, form of 
staphyloma in which the cornea is perforated at 
several points, through which small portions of iris 
protrude. S., scle'ral, or of the sclerot'ic differs 
from the last in the prominence existing on a part 
of the eye covered by the sclerotic, which is much 
thinner; it is generally due to irido-choroiditis. Pos- 
terior staphyloma, S. posticum, Sclerectasia posterior, is 
a disease whose chief characteristics are posterior 
elongation of the eyeball and loss of pigment and 
atrophy of the choroid. Anterior staphyloma of the 
sclerotic, Ciliary staphyloma, is a staphylomatous pro- 
jection of the sclerotic in the ciliary region of the 
eye. When the ciliary region around the cornea is 
involved, it is called annular staphyloma. S. of the 
sclerot'ic, ante'rior, see Staphyloma of the sclerotic. 
S. of the sclerot'ic, poste'rior, see Staphyloma of the 
sclerotic. S. u'veae, projection of a part of the uveal 
tract through an opening in the sclerotic coat. 
Staphyloncia, staf-il-on'ke-ah (staphyle, onkos, swell- 
ing). Staphylcedema. 
Staphyloncus, staf-il-on'kus. Staphyloedema. 
Staphyloplastic, staf-il-o-plas'tic (staphyle, plasso, 
to form). Epithet applied to the operation for re- 
placing the soft palate when it has been lost. Staph- 
yloplasty, uranoplasty, palatoplasty, a word of hybrid 
formation, is the operation for closing the palatine 
vault. 
Staphyloptosis, staf-il-op-to'sis (staphyle, ptosis, 
falling). Falling down or abnormal lengthening of 
the uvula. 
Staphylorrhaphy, staf-il-or'rhaf-e (staphyle, rhaphe, 
suture). Operation for uniting a cleft palate, consist- 
ing in paring the edges of the cleft, passing ligatures 
through them, and uniting them. 
Staphylosis, staf-il-o'sis (staphyle). Staphyloma. 
Staph'ylotome (staphyle, tome, incision). Knife 
adapted to the operation for staphyloma. 
Staphylotomy, staf-il-ot'o-me. Amputation of the 
uvula. 
Staphylygroma, staf-il-ig-ro'mah (staphyle, hygroma, 
serous cyst). Staphyloedema. 
Star an'ise or S.'a. fruit (B. P.). Illicium anisa- 
tum. S. apple, broad'-leaved. Chrysophyllum cain- 
ito. S. of Beth'lehem, Ornithogallum umbellatum. 
S., bla'zing, Aletris farinosa. S. bloom, Spigelia 
Marilandica. S. grass, Starwort, Blazing star, Colic- 
wort ; Aletris farinosa, Hypoxys erecta, S- knap'- 
1037 
STATUS 
weed, Centaurea calcitrapa. S. of the North, Geum 
urbanum. S. stroke, see Coup-de-soleil. S. this'tle, 
Centaurea calcitrapa. 
Starch. Amylum. S., animal, corpora amylacea 
and. glycogenic matter. S., blue, smalt. S., can'na, 
tous-les-mois. S., corn, see Zea mays. S. cor'puscles, 
corpora amylacea. S., i'odide of, prepared by tritu- 
rating iodine and starch ; said to have the eutrophic 
effects of iodine, but probably inert. S., llv'er, glyco- 
genic matter. S., pota'to, see Solanum tuberosum. S. 
su'gar, glucose. S., tac'ca, arrow root, Tahiti. 
Stark mad. See Mania. 
Stars of Verhey'en. Stellate veins. 
Star'tin's band'age. See Splint. 
Starvation. Death from hunger or cold. 
Star'wort. Aletris farinosa. S., gold'en, bubo- 
nium. S., water, Callitriche verna. 
Sta'sis {stasis, situation; standing still). It has 
nearly the same signification as stagnation. Stagna- 
tion, however, sometimes includes a morbid condition 
of the fluids-stasis never. Also station. S. derma- 
to'ses, affections of the skin due to passive impair- 
ment of blood- and lymph-channels. S. phleg'- 
mons, deep-seated inflammation of the skin, as in 
phlegmonous erysipelas. 
State. In pathology, crisis, stationary point, or 
height of disease. S. medicine, see Medicine, state. 
Static or Statical. Eelating to statics, or the 
branch of mechanics showing the properties of 
bodies as respects weight, equilibrium, etc. An 
epithet applied to the physical phenomena presented 
by organized bodies-biostatic-in contradistinction 
to the organic or vital. Also, of old, a restraining or 
astringent remedy. S. electricity, electricity at rest 
in equilibrium. The use of the frictional electric 
machine is an illustration of this form of electricity. 
Statica medicina, stat'ik-ah med-is-e'nah. That 
part of medical observation consisting in the daily 
weighing of the human body and the various ingesta 
and egesta. S. sep'ti na'rium, cutaneous appendage 
to the septum narium. 
Statical. Static. 
Statice (stat'is-e) {statikos, restraining, owing to its 
astringency) arme'ria. Plant, root of which is re- 
puted to be tonic and astringent. S. Brasilien'sis, 
native plant of Brazil, Carolina, and Florida; astrin- 
gent. S. Carolinia'na, American or Seaside thrift, 
Marsh rosemary, Marshroot, Inkroot, Sea lavender. 
A variety of the Statice limonium. S. limo'nium, 
Sea lavender, Red behen, Marsh rosemary, Lavender 
thrift; roots have been esteemed astringent, tonic, 
and eminently antiseptic. S. macrophyl'la, native 
plant of Canary Islands, bearing beautiful flowers. 
S. maritlmum, S. limonium. S. mucrona'ta, plant 
used as a nervine; native of Morocco. S. vulga're, 
S. limonium. 
Statics. See Static. 
Station, sta'shun {sto, statum, to stand). Act of 
standing. 
Stationary, sta'shun-a-re. Name given to certain 
diseases depending upon a particular state of the 
atmosphere, and prevailing in a district for a certain 
number of years, and then giving way to others. 
Statistics, medical {status, state). Vital statistics. 
That part of medicine relating to details-medico- 
statistical-connected with the mortality, salubrity, 
etc. of different States, countries, and situations. 
Used in a milder sense to signify the same as Numer- 
ical method-a method applied to the systematization 
of medical facts or to the use of numbers in investi- 
gating disease. S., vi'tal, statistics, medical. 
Statlire {sto, statum, to stand). Height of the hu- 
man body. 
Stat'us {sto, statum, to stand). Position ; period of 
disease at which the symptoms are most violent; acme. 
S. convulsi'vus, continuous convulsive condition, of 
very young children especially, producing marked dis- 
turbance of respiration, circulation, etc. S. crudi- 
ta'tis, crudity. S. epilep'ticus, continuous epileptic 
convulsive condition; series of epileptic attacks, at 
times persisting for several days. S. erethritlcus, STAUROPLEGIA 
nervous diathesis. S. gas'tricus, embarras gastrique; 
saburra. S. nervo'sus, nervous diathesis. S. par- 
turien'di, parturition. S. sthen'icus, strength. S. 
vermino'sus, helminthiasis. 
Stauroplegia, stau-ro-plej'e-ah {stauros, cross, plege, 
stroke). Hemiplegia in which an upper extremity 
on one side is paralyzed, together with the lower 
limb on the opposite side. 
Staves'acre. Delphinium staphisagria. 
Stave'wood. Simaruba medicinalis. 
Stax'is {stazo, to drop). Slight defluxion of any 
humor, as nasal hemorrhage. 
Steam doctor. Term applied to one treating all 
or most diseases by steam. 
Steapsin, ste-ap'sin {stear, fat). Ferment of pan- 
creatin possessing the property of decomposing and 
emulsifying fats. See Ferments and Enzymes. 
Ste'ar {stear). See Fat and Sevum. 
Ste'arates. Combinations of stearic acid with 
copper, manganese, zinc, etc., used as dusting powders 
or in ointment in some cutaneous affections. 
Stearentine, ste-ar'en-teen. Sebaceous matter of 
greenish color found in infants' stools. 
Stearic (ste-ah'rik) ac'id. Term applied to acid 
derived from stearine. 
Steariform, ste-ah're-form {stear, fat). Like fat. 
Ste'arin or Stearine, ste'ah-reen. See Fat. 
Stearinum cetaceum, sta-ar-e'num set-as'a-um. 
Cetaceum. 
Stearoconote, ste-ar-ok'o-note. Solid substance 
found in the brain-structure, which is fusible and not 
soluble. 
Stearoconotum, ste-ar-o-co-no'tum {stear, fat, konis, 
dust). Peculiar dry fat found in brain-substance, 
said to contain phosphorus and sulphur. 
Stearopten, ste-ar-op'ten {stear, fat, ptenos, winged; 
hence volatile). Concrete or solid part of a volatile 
oil. 
Stearoricinate, ste-ar-o-ris'in-ate. Name applied 
to stearoricinic acid combined with a base. 
Stearoricinic, ste-ar-o-ris'in-ik. Name applied to 
one of three acids obtained during saponification of 
castor oil. 
Stearo'sis {stear, osis). Steatosis. 
Stearrhoea (ste-ar-rhe'ah) or Stearorrhce'a {stear, 
rheo, to flow). Sebaceous flux. Augmentation of se- 
cretion from the sebaceous follicles of the skin, Stear- 
rhoea simplex. The greasy condition of the skin of the 
face-cutis unctuosa--is a form of stearrhoea. The color 
of the sebaceous secretion sometimes becomes changed. 
When yellow it is called stearrhoea flavescens; when 
blue, stearrhoea cserulea; when black, stearrhoea ni- 
gricans. S. amian'thaca, Seborrhoea amianthaca; 
seborrhoea having the appearance of scales from a 
preponderance of the solid constituents of the seba- 
ceous secretion. S. cseru'lea, see Stearrhoea. S. flaves'- 
cens, see Stearrhoea. S. ni'gricans, black discoloration 
of the face, observed in young females affected with 
derangement of the catamenia, due to a dark secre- 
tion from the cutaneous sebaceous glands. S. sim'- 
plex, see Stearrhoea. 
Ste'atine or Ste'atin {stear). Stearin. Made up 
of fat. 
Ste'atite. Soapstone; talc. 
Steati'tes {stear). Polysarcia. 
Steatitis, ste-at-e'tis {stear, fat). Inflammation of 
fatty tissue. 
Steatocele, ste-at-o-se'le (Eng. ste-at'o-seel) {stear, 
kele, tumor). Tumor formed by a collection of stea- 
tomatous matter in the scrotum. 
Steatocryptoses, ste-at-o-krip-to'sees (stear, krypto, 
to conceal). Disordered function of sebaceous glands. 
Steato'des. Containing fat or something similar 
to it. 
Steato'ma {stear, oma). An encysted tumor whose 
contents are similar to fat. S. Miilleri, see Lipoma. 
Steatom'atous {steatoma). Having the nature of, 
or belonging to, steatoma. 
Steatopath'ic {stear, pathos, affection). Relating to 
affections of the sebaceous glands. 
Steatopy'ga or Steatopy'gia {stear, puge, buttocks). 
1038 
STENODON 
Buttock-hump. Fat buttocks, such as exist in the 
Hottentot female. 
Steatopygous, ste-at-op'ig-us (stear, puge, buttocks). 
Pertaining to steatopyga. 
Steatorrhagia, ste-at-or-rhaj'e-ah. Seborrhcea. 
Steatorrhcea, ste-at-or-rhe'ah. Stearrhcea. 
Steato'ses. Skin diseases in which the sebaceous 
secretion is faulty. 
Steato'sis (stear, osis). Stearosis. Fatty degen- 
eration of a part or unusual deposition and accumu- 
lation of fat in its adipose tissue. S. cor'dis, Fatty 
heart, Fatty degeneration of the heart. Unusual depo- 
sition of fat on the heart: by some presumed to be 
occasionally a true adipose degeneration of the heart- 
substance. S. hepat'ica, see Adiposis hepatica. 
Steatozo'on folliculo'rum (stear, zoon, animal). 
Acarus folliculorum. 
Steel. Chalybs. S. mix'ture, mistura ferri com- 
posita. 
Steep. Rennet. 
SteepTebush. Spiraea tomentosa. 
Steganop'odes (steganopodes, having flat feet or 
webfooted). Planipedes. 
Steg'anus (steganos, contracted). Constipated.' 
Stegno'sis (stegnosis, constriction). Stenosis. Con- 
striction or narrowness of the pores and vessels. 
Stricture; constipation; suppression or stopping or 
stoppage of the evacuations. See Arctatio. 
Stegnot'ic (stegnosis, constriction). Astringent. 
Stegnot'ica. Astringents. 
Steiro'sis (steiros, barren). Sterility. 
Stel'la (star). Bandage improperly compared to a 
star, because crossed like the letter X. This bandage 
is applied to one or both shoulders. In the first case 
it is called simple, in the second double. It was em- 
ployed in fractures of the sternum, clavicle, and 
scapula, in luxations of the humerus, etc. S. ter'r38, 
Plantago coronopus. 
Stella'ria me'dia (stella, star). Alsine media. S. 
scil'la, scilla. 
Stella'ta rupi'na (stella). Centaurea calcitrapa. 
Stel'late (stella, star). Resembling the form of a 
star. S. band'age, bandage wound crosswise on the 
back S. lig'ament, name given to the anterior cos- 
tovertebral ligament, from its shape. S. veins, stel- 
lular Verheyenii. 
Stelliform, stel'le-form (stella, forma, form). Pos- 
sessing the form of a star. 
Stel'lula (little star). See Stellulse. 
Stel'lulse Verheyen'ii (stella, star, stellula, a little 
star). Stelliform plexus of veins at the surface of 
the kidney, giving origin to the interlobular veins. 
Stellulate, stel'u-late. Like a star. 
Stell'wag's symp'tom. Slight retraction of the 
upper eyelid in exophthalmic goitre. 
Stelochitis, stel-o-ke'tis. Osteocolla. 
Stem of hair. Shaft of hair. S. pes'sary, see 
Pessary. 
Ste'ma (s/eina). Penis (especially the glans). 
Stenag'ma. A sigh. 
Stenag'mus. A sigh. 
Ste'no (stenos). In composition, narrow. S., duct 
of, see Parotid. More correctly, Stensen's duct. 
Stenobreg'mate (steno, bregma, the top of the head). 
See Cranium. 
Stenocar'dia (steno, kardia, heart). Angina pec- 
toris ; cardiostenosis. 
Stenocephalous, sten-o-sef'al-us (steno, kephale, 
head). Elongated or narrowed head. 
Stenochasmus, sten-o-kaz'mus (stenos, narrow, 
chasma, opening). Applied to skulls having a sector 
of from 94° to 74° for cavum nasopharyngeum. 
Stenochoria (sten-o-ko're-ah) or Stenochori'asis 
(steno, chora, space). Narrowness, stricture, or con- 
traction, of the vagina especially. Stricture of the 
lacrymal passages. S. intesti'ni rec'ti, stricture of 
the rectum. S. oesoph'agi, stricture of the oesoph- 
agus. 
Stenocori'asis. Narrowing of the pupil. 
Stenodon, sten'o-don (stenos, narrow, odous, tooth). 
Having narrow teeth. STENOMYCTERIA 
Stenomycte'ria (steno, mukter, nose). Contraction 
of the nasal passages. 
Ste'non, duct of. See Parotid. 
Steno'nian duct. See Parotid. 
Stenoraeic, sten-o-re'ik (stenos, narrow, orao, to see). 
Applied to lens having a narrow opening or slit for 
passage of rays of light. 
Stenoraic, sten-o-ra'ik. See Stenorseic. 
Steno'sis (stenos, osis). Narrowness or constriction. 
Stenostegnosis, sten-o-steg-no'sis (Steno, stegnosis). 
Narrowness or constriction of the duct of Steno. 
Stenosteno'sis (Steno, stenosis, contraction). Nar- 
rowness or constriction of the duct of Steno. 
Stenostomia (sten-o-stom'e-ah) or Stenos'tomy 
(steno, stoma, mouth). Contraction of the mouth. 
Stenothorax, sten-o-thor'aks (steno, thorax, chest). 
Narrow chest. 
Stenot'ic (stenos, narrow). Small; contracted in 
size. 
Sten'sen's canal'. Incisor canal. S.'s duct, parotid 
duct. S.'s experiment, ligature of aorta of the dog 
above the renal arteries, producing by malassimilation 
stiffness of the muscles of the posterior extremities, 
which disappears when obstruction to circulation is 
removed. S's foramina, see Scarpa's foramina. (All 
named after N. Stenson, of seventeenth century). 
Stentorophonous, sten-tor-of 'on-us (Stentor, a Greek 
of powerful voice in the army before Troy, phone, 
voice). One having a strong voice. 
Step. Space produced by the separation of the 
two lower limbs, and including that plus the length 
of the foot. 
Stephane, stef'an-e. Crown. 
Stephanie (stef-an'ik) diam'eter. Superior frontal 
diameter of Broca. S. in'dex, frontal index. 
Stephanion, stef-an'e-on (stephane, crown). Point 
of crossing of the coronal sutures and temporal lines. 
See Skull. 
Stephen'sia elonga'ta. Matico. 
Step'mother's blessing. Hang-nail. 
Step'page gait. Gait of chronic multiple neuritis, 
in which the individual lifts the foot high, turns the 
toe up, and puts the heel down first. 
Steppe disease. Rinderpest. 
Stercobilin, stur-co-bi'lin (stercus, excrement, bilis, 
bile). A coloring matter extracted from the feculent 
contents of the intestines. 
Ster'colin (stercus). Serolin. 
Stercoraceous (stur-co-ra'shus) or Stercora'rius 
(stercus). Stercoral, Fecal, Fsecal. Relating to excre- 
ment. 
Stercorsemia, stur-ko-re'me-ah (stercus, fecal matter, 
haima, blood). Term applied to indicate systemic 
poisoning resulting from the arrest of intestinal ex- 
cretion, thus causing the absorption of toxic fecal 
alkaloids. 
Ster'coral ul'cer. Ulcer produced by pressure of 
fecal secretions. 
Stercorin (stur'ko-rin) or Ster'corine (stercus). See 
Excrement and Serolin. 
Sterculia, stur-kule-ah. Trees of Sterculiaceae, 
comprising numerous species, distributed in tropic 
regions of the world. S. acumina'ta, Kola, Gala, or 
Kola acuminata; native tree of Soudan, Guinea, etc., 
producing kola nut, which is chewed in many parts 
of Africa; used as a stimulant to the nervous system ; 
they contain caffeine. S. Carthaginen'sis, native 
tree of Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia, which bears 
edible fruit. S. scaphig'era, native tree of China 
and Anam, bearing fruit called tambayan, which is 
recommended in diarrhoea and dysentery. S. u'reus, 
native Indian tree bearing fruit and yielding a gum 
called kuteera. 
Stercus, stur'kus. Excrement. S. an'seris, Fimus 
anseris. S. cani'num al'bum, Album Graecum. S. 
diab'oli, asafoetida. S. e'qui non castra'ta, Fimus 
equinus. S. huma'num, human excrement. 
Sterelmin'tha (stereus, solid, helmins, worm). A 
class of solid worms, as the bothriocephalus, taenia 
solium, etc., found in the human intestines and other 
organs. 
1039 
STERNEBRA 
Sterelmintha, ster-el-min'tha {stereos, solid, lielmins, 
worm). Term applied to two varieties of worms 
having no true abdominal cavity-taenia solium and 
bothriocephalus latus. 
Ste'reocyst or Stereocystis, ster-e-o-sis'tis {stereus, 
kustis, cyst). A hard encysted tumor. 
Stereometer, ste-re-om'e-tur {stereos, firm, metron, 
measure). Instrument for determining specific grav- 
ity of liquid bodies, porous bodies, and powders, as 
well as solids. 
Stereometry, ster-e-om'e-tre. Art of measuring 
solid bodies and finding their solid contents. 
Stereomonoscope (ste-re-o-mon'o-skope), Stereo- 
phantascope (ste-re-o-fan'ta-skope), or Stereophor- 
oscope, ste-re-o-for'o-skope {stereos, solid, phero, to 
carry, skopeo, to see). Instrument with two lenses by 
which a stereoscopic effect may be obtained for one 
picture. 
Ste'reoplasm {stereus, plasma). Solid, insoluble 
portion of protoplasm. 
Ste'reoscope {stereus, skopeo, to view). A physical 
instrument by which plane pictures of an object are 
made on each retina, and so blended as to appear as 
one in relief. Also an instrument for detecting a cal- 
culus in the bladder and foreign bodies in the soft 
parts; it resembles a common catheter, having an 
expanded free extremity. 
Stereoscopic vision. Binocular vision. See 
Stereoscope. 
Stereotica, ster-e-ot'ik-ah {stereus). Fortuitous 
lesions or deformities affecting the hard parts. 
Ste'reus {stereos). Solid. 
Sterile {sterilis, barren). Barren. Not producing 
fruit; infecund. 
Sterilis. Sterile. 
Sterilitas, ster-il'it-as. Sterility, Barrenness, Infe- 
cundity. Quality of that which is barren. Sterility 
may be absolute or relative. The former depends 
upon some vicious conformation of the genital or- 
gans, apparent or concealed, and occasionally admits 
of cure. Sterility is relative when a female does not 
conceive with one individual, but does with another. 
Sterility in females is often dependent upon a con- 
dition of the uterus characterized by membranous 
menstruation; but sterility ascribed to the woman 
may reallj7 be caused by functional or organic defect 
of power in the male. 
Sterility, ster-il'it-e. Incapability of reproducing; 
barrenness. See Sterilitas. 
Sterilization, ster-il-i-za'shun {sterilis, barren). 
Production of a condition in which reproduction is 
impossible, as in making a substance aseptic by de- 
struction of all vital matters by means of heat or 
other disinfectants. 
Sterilizator, ster-il-i-za'tor. That which is used 
for sterilizing or killing germs by heat. 
Ster'nad. See Sternal. 
Ster'nal. Relating to the sternum or breast-bone. 
S. ar'teries, offsets from the internal mammary to 
the anterior and posterior surfaces of the sternum and 
triangularis sterni. S. as'pect, the aspect of the 
body where the sternum is situate. Sternad is used 
adverbially to signify toward the sternal aspect. S. 
bend, bend at inner side of the clavicle. S. fora'men, 
an orifice occasionally seen between the third and 
fourth pieces of the gladiolus or second bone of the 
sternum, from arrest of development. S. glands, a 
few lymphatic glands along the course of the internal 
mammary artery. S. groove, seen upon the surface 
of the body over the sternum and between the pec- 
toral muscles. S. line, line of reference in examina- 
tion, drawn through central portion of sternum. S. 
nerves, downward branches of the cervical plexus 
which pass to the sternal region. S. ribs, ribs (seven 
in number) which articulate with the sternum. 
Sternalgia, stur-nal'je-ah {sterno, algos, pain). Pain 
referred to the sternum. Angina pectoris. 
SternaTis bruto'rum. Sternalis muscle. S. mus'- 
cle, rare muscle running vertically, superficial to great 
pectoral. 
Sterne'bra. Segment of the sternum. STERNO 
Ster'no. In composition, the sternum. 
Ster'no-abdomina'lis. Triangularis sterni and 
transversalis abdominis considered as one muscle. 
Sternocervica'lis. Supernumerary muscular slip 
arising from the manubrium and inserted into fascia 
of neck. 
Sternochondroscap'ular mus'cle. Sternoscapular 
muscle. 
Sternoclavic'ular. Bleating to the sternum and 
clavicle. S. articula'tion, the union of the inner 
extremity of the clavicle with a round facette at each 
side of the superior extremity of the sternum. In 
this articulation there are, besides the incrusting 
cartilages, two radiated sternoclavicular, one anterior 
and one posterior; an interclavicular ligament ex- 
tending between the clavicles; and two synovial cap- 
sules, separated by an interarticular fibrocartilage. 
The costoclavicular ligament may also be considered 
to belong to this articulation. 
Sternoclavicula'ris anti'cus. Supernumerary mus- 
cle semetimes found, arising from sternum and in- 
serted upon anterior surface of clavicle. S. pos- 
ti'cus, rare muscular slip passing from inner end of 
manubrium to clavicle behind the joint. S. supe'rior, 
muscle arising above sternoclavicularis anticus and 
passing to clavicle. 
Sternoclaviobrachia'lis. Pectoralis major. 
Sternoclaviohu'meral. Pectoralis major. 
Sternoclaviohyoi'deus. Sternohyoid muscle. 
Sternoclaviomastoi'des. Sternocleidomastoid. 
Sternoclaviomastoi'deus. Muscle arising by two 
heads from sternum and clavicle, and inserted in 
mastoid process of skull. It crosses the neck ob- 
liquely. 
Sternocleidomastoide'us (sterno, kleis, clavicle, mas- 
tos, mastoid process). Muscle situate at the anterior 
and lateral part of the neck. It is long and flattened, 
simple above and divided below, where it is inserted 
into the anterior and superior part of the sternum 
and the inner quarter of the clavicle. Above, it ter- 
minates at the mastoid process, which it embraces at 
the neighboring part of the temporal bone, and at 
the outer third of the upper curved line of the oc- 
cipital bone. It carries the head forward, inclines 
and rotates it to one side. When both parts of the 
muscle contract they bend the head directly forward. 
SternocostocarotTcus. Abnormal insertion of 
sternothyroid muscle upon carotid sheath. 
Sternocostoclavihu'meral. Pectoralis major. 
Sternocostocoracoi'deus. Pectoralis minimus. 
Sternocos'to-epitrochlea'ris. Muscular strip occa- 
sionally attached to lower border of pectoralis major, 
and inserted into epitrochlea. 
Sternocostofascia'lis. Abnormal insertion of 
fibres of sternothyroid upon sternal fascia. 
Sternocostoglos'sus. Sternoglossus. 
Sternocostohyoi'deus profun'dus. Portion of ster- 
nothyroid muscle which occasionally passes to great 
cornu of hyoid bone; also muscle formed by union 
of sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscle, the thyroid 
insertion being lost. 
Sternocostothyroi'deus. Sternothyroid muscle. 
Sternodynia, ster-no-din'e-ah (sterno, odune, pain). 
Sternalgia. S. syncopa'lis, angina pectoris. S. syn- 
cop'tica et paVpitans, angina pectoris. 
Sternofacia'lis. Sternoclavicularis. 
Sternoglos'sus. Stray form of sternohyoid, in 
which it passes upward and unites with hyoglossus 
muscle. 
Sternohu'meral. Pectoralis major. 
Sternohyoi'deus (sterno, hyoides, hyoid bone). 
Sternocleidohydideus, Sternohyo'ides, Hyoides primus. 
Muscle situate at the anterior part of the neck; 
inserted above at the inferior edge of the body of 
the hyoid bone; below, into the upper part of the 
posterior surface of the sternum-at the posterior 
part of the sternoclavicular articulation, and some- 
times into the cartilage of the first rib. It depresses 
the hyoid bone. 
Sternomas'toid ar'teries. Branches from external 
carotid or some of its divisions to stprnomastoid mus- 
1040 
STETHOM ETER 
cle. S. mus'cle, sternal head of sternocleidomastoid, 
in contradistinction to clavicular head (cleidomastoid). 
Sternomaxilla'ris. Occasional slip of sternomas- 
toid inserted upon angle of jaw. 
Ster'no-omoi'deus. Sternoclavicularis superior. 
Sterno-omphalodymia, stur'no-om-fal-o-dim'e-ah 
(sterno, omphalos, navel, duo, to mingle). See Soma- 
dymia. 
Sternopa'gia (sterno, pagios, fixed). Monstrous 
union of foetuses in which they are attached at the 
sternum. 
Sternopagus, ster-nop'ag-us (sternum, pagios, fixed). 
Double monster united by the sternum. 
Sternopericar'diac lig'aments. Two bands pass- 
ing to pericardium from manubrium and ensiform 
process of sternum. 
Sternoscap'ular mus'cle. Sometimes found in 
man, extending from the sternum to the superior 
border of the scapula. 
Sternothyrioi'des or Sternothyrioi'deus. Bron- 
chitis. Muscle situate at the anterior part of the 
neck. Attached above to the oblique line seen on 
the outer surface of the thyroid cartilage, and termi- 
nating below at the upper part of the posterior sur- 
face of the sternum and the cartilage of the second 
rib. When it contracts it depresses the thyroid car- 
tilage and hyoid bone by the medium of the thyro- 
hyoid membrane. 
Sternothyroi'des or Sternothyroi'deus. Sterno- 
thyriodes. 
Sternotrypesis, stur-no-trip-a'sis (sterno, trupesis, 
perforation). Perforation of the sternum. 
Sternoxi'phoid lig'aments. Bands which connect 
the sternum with the xiphoid cartilage. 
Ster'num (sternon, anterior bony part of chest). 
Breast-bone, Heemal spine of Owen. Azygous symmet- 
rical bone situate at the fore part of the chest. It is 
flat, broad above, narrow in the middle, and terminates 
below by a pointed cartilage-the xiphoid. It has an 
anterior or cutaneous surface, a posterior or mediasti- 
nal, a superior or clavicular extremity, and an inferior 
or abdominal. Articulated with the clavicles and the 
seven upper ribs on each side by means of their car- 
tilages. In the adult it is in three parts-the manu- 
brium, the body or gladiolus, and the inferior part or 
point, the ensiform process. 
Sternumentum, ster-nu-men'tum (sternuto, to sneeze 
often). Sneezing. 
Sternutament, stur-nu'tam-ent (sternuto, to sneeze 
often). That which causes sneezing. 
Sternutamento'ria (sternuto, to sneeze often). 
Achillea ptarmica. 
Stenmtamentum, stur-nu-tam-en'tum. Sneezing. 
Sternutatio, stur-nu-tah'she-o. Sneezing. 
Sternutation, stur-nu-ta'shun (sternuto, to sneeze 
often). Act of sneezing. 
Sternutatory, stur'nu-ta-to-re. Sternutory. Sub- 
stance provoking sneezing, as tobacco, etc.; see 
Errhine. S. pow'der, asarabacca leaves, betonica 
leaves, sweet marjoram leaves, lily-of-the-valley 
flowers, equal parts, in fine powder; mix. 
Ster'nutory. Sternutatory. 
Ster'tor (sterto, to snore). Deep snoring accom- 
panying inspiration in some diseases, particularly in 
apoplexy. Such respiration is said to be stertorous. 
Ster'torous. See Stertor. 
Stethsemia, steth-e'me-ah (stethos, chest, haima, 
blood). Hypersemia of the lungs. Congestion or 
accumulation of blood in the pulmonary vessels. 
Steth'o (stethos, chest). In composition, the chest. 
Stethocatharsis, steth-o-kath-ar'sis (stetho, katharsis, 
purging). Expectoration. 
Stethochysis, steth-ok'is-is (stetho, chuo, to pour 
out). Hydrothorax. 
Stethodesmls (steth-o-dez'mis), Stethodes'mium, 
or Stethodes'mus (stetho, desmos, bandage). Corset. 
Steth'ograph. Instrument for measuring move- 
ments of the chest in respiration. Pneumograph. 
Stethom'eter (stetho, metron, measure). An instru- 
ment for measuring the extent of movement of the 
walls of the chest as a means of diagnosis in thoracic STETHOPARALYSIS 
diseases. A similar instrument has been called a 
Thoracometer or Chest-measurer. See Chest-measurer. 
Stethoparalysis, steth-o-par-al'is-is (stetho, paralu- 
sis, paralysis). Palsy of the muscles of the chest. 
Stethorrheu'ma (stetho, rheuma, defluxion, rheuma- 
tism). Pleurodynia. 
Stethoscope, steth'o-skope (stetho, skopeo, to ex- 
amine). An instrument invented by Laennec, of 
Paris, for exploring the chest. It is a cylinder of 
wood, from four inches to a foot long, pierced through 
and through by a longitudinal canal about a quarter 
of an inch in diameter. One end of it is applied to 
the chest of the patient, the other to the ear of the 
examining physician. Double or binaural stetho- 
scopes have been invented to enable both ears to be 
used at the same time. Stethoscopes are sometimes 
flexible, like the flexible ear-trumpet. This mode of 
examining affections of the chest, Stethoscopy, is also 
called Mediate auscultation. 
Stethoscopia, steth-o-skop'e-ah (same etymon). See 
Auscultation and Stethoscope. 
Stethoscopic, steth-o-skop'ik. Furnished by steth- 
oscopy or auscultation, as a stethoscopic sign. Eelating 
to stethoscopy. 
Stethoscopy, steth'os-ko-pe. Stethoscope. 
Ste'thus (stethos, chest). Thorax. 
Sthenia, sthen-e'ah (sthenos, strength, power). 
Strength or excess of strength; excitement of the 
organic actions. Sthenic or dynamic diseases are 
such as depend upon excessive excitement. ' 
Sthen'ic. Active. See Sthenia. S. diseases, dis- 
eases the result of inflammatory or increased action. 
S. fe'ver, form of continued fever marked by high 
temperature and quick pulse. 
Sthenopyra, sthen-op'ir-ah (sthenos, strength, pur, 
fever). See Synocha. 
Sti'an. Hordeolum. 
Stib'i. Antimonium. 
Stibia'lis. Antimonial. 
Stibialism, stib'e-al-ism (stibium, antimony). The 
aggregate phonomena produced by antimonials when 
given in large quantities; antimonial intoxication or 
poisoning. 
Stibia'tus tar'tras lixiv'ise. Antimonium tartari- 
zatum. 
Stib'ii buty'rum. Antimonium muriatum. S. 
chlora'tum, antimony chloride. S. chlora'tum solu'- 
tum, solution of antimony chloride. S. deutomu'- 
rias sublima'tus, antimonium muriatum. S. hydro- 
sulphure'tum ru'brum, antimonii sulphuretum ru- 
brum. S. jodat'um, antimony iodide. S. ox'idum 
ac'ido muriat'ico oxygena'to para'tum, algaroth. 
S. ox'idum al'bum median'te ni'tro confec'tum, 
antimonium diaphoreticum. S. ox'idum prsecipi- 
tan'do para'tum, algaroth. S. oxo'des al'bum, an- 
timonium diaphoreticum. S. oxo'des sulphure'tum, 
antimonii sulphuretum preecipitatum. S. oxyda'tum, 
antimonious oxide. S. ox'ydi sulphura'ti hydro- 
sulphure'tum lu'teum, antimonii sulphuretum prse- 
cipitatum. S. oxydula'ti sulphure'tum, antimonii 
sulphuretum praecipitatum. S. oxydula'tum vit'- 
reum, antimony glass. S. oxyd'ulum vitrea'tum, 
antimonii vitrum. S. ox'ydum semivit'reum, anti- 
monii vitrum. S. ox'ydum sulphura'tum, oxydum 
stibii sulphuratum. S. oxysulfura'tum, antimony 
oxysulphuret. S. et potas'sse deutotar'tras, antimo- 
nium tartarizatum. S. sesquichlora'tum, antimony 
chloride. S. subhydrosul'phas, antimonii sulphu- 
retum rubrum. S. submu'rias prsecipitan'do para'- 
tum, algaroth. S. sulphura'ti hydrosulphure'tum 
ru'brum, antimonii sulphuretum rubrum. S. sul- 
phura'tum auranti'acum, antimony pentasulphide. 
S. sulphure'tum ni'grum, antimonium. S. s. nl'- 
grum Iseviga'turn, purified antimony sulphide. S. s. 
ru'brum, antimony oxysulphuret. S. vit'rum, anti- 
monii vitrum. 
Stibiodermic, stib-e-o-dur'mik (stibium, antimony, 
derma, skin). Term applied to the use of antimonial 
ointment as a counter-irritant when rubbed on the 
skin. 
Stibio'sum hydrosulphure'tum cum sul'phure. 
STILLING'S CANAL 
Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum. S. ox'idum, 
Antimonium diaphoreticum. 
Stib'ium. Antimonium. 
Stib'nite. Native sulphide of antimony, affording 
much of the market supply of this metal. 
Stibogram, stib'o-gram (stibos, a beaten path, grapho, 
to write). Written record of footsteps. 
Stichas, stik'as. Lavandula stcechas. 
Sticking-plaster. Emplastrum resinse. 
Stick-lac. Lac in natural state investing tree 
twigs. 
Stick'wort. Agrimony. 
Sticta pulmonacea (stick'tah pul-mo-nah'se-ah) or 
pulmona'ria (stiktos, spotted). Lichen pulmonarius. 
Stictacne, stikt-ak'ne (stiktos, punctated, acne). 
Form of acne in which the pustule has a red elevated 
base with central dark point. 
Stiff joint, mus'cular. Contractura; anchylosis. 
S. joints, milk sickness. S. neck, torticollis. 
Sti'fle joint. Femorotibial articulation of cattle. 
Stig'ma (stigma, small puncture). Cicatricula. See 
Stigmata. S. of Graa'fian fol'licle, place where blood- 
vessels are absent in the wall surrounding the follicle, 
and point at which rupture finally occurs. 
Stigmata, stig'mat-ah (pl. of Stigma). Breathing 
pores of insects are so called. Bleeding point upon 
the skin, as in purpura and sometimes in hysteria. 
See Naevus and Petechiae. S. heredita'lis, marks of 
heredity. S. Malpig'hii, small venous openings 
which appear in large numbers along the course of 
the larger veins of the spleen. S. may'dis, corn- 
silk ; see Ustilago. S. ovario'rum, cicatrices left in 
the ovary after the escape of ova. 
Stigmat'ic. Pertaining to the stigma. 
Stigmatiform, stig-mat'e-form (stigma). Resembling 
a stigma. 
Stig'matism. See Astigmatism. 
Stigmatization, stig-mat-i-za'shun. Ecchymosed 
spots upon various parts of the body. 
Stigmatophorus, stig-mat-of 'or-us (stigma, stigma, 
phoreo, to bear). Bearing stigmata. 
Stigmatose, stig'mat-ose. Belonging or relating to 
stigma. 
Stilbo'ma (stilboo, to make shining.) Cosmetic. 
Stilette'. Wire ot trocar passed through a tube or 
canula. 
Still (stilla). See Alembic. S. layer of Poiseuille, 
Space of Poiseuille; thin stratum of liquid in contact 
with the capillary vessels, in which the white cor- 
puscles of the blood seem to be retarded, while the 
red corpuscles are hurried along in the centre of the 
current. 
Still'a. Drop. 
Stillatio sanguinis (stil-lah'she-o san'guin-is) e 
na'ribus (stillo, to drop). Bleeding at the nose. 
Stillation, stil-la'shun (stilla, a drop). Passage of a 
liquid drop by drop. 
Still'birth. See Stillborn. 
Still'born. Born still or without life; a stillborn 
child. 
Stillicidium, stil-le-sid'e-um (stilla, drop, cado, to 
fall). Term often used synonymously with strangury, 
but meaning the flow of any liquid-particularly the 
urine-drop by drop. Also a kind of embrocation, 
stillicidium supra partem, effected by dropping a 
liquid upon a part. S. lacryma'rum, epiphora. S. 
na'rium, coryza. S. san'guinis e nar'ibus, bleeding 
at the nose. S. su'pra par'tern, see Stillicidium. S. 
uri'nae, see Stillicidium. 
Stillingia, stil-lin'je-ah. Queen's root, Queen's de- 
light, Yaw root, Mar cor y, Cockup hat. Indigenous plant 
growing in pine barrens from Virginia to Florida. 
The root, Stillingia (Ph. U. S.), is said to be used in 
syphilis, obstinate cutaneous affections, etc., like sar- 
saparilla. S. sebif'era, native tallow tree of China 
which is grown in the Southern United States; yields 
a vegetable wax which is said to be nearly pure ste- 
arine. S. sylvat'ica, see Stillingia. 
Stilling's canal'. Canal in the vitreous humor 
through which, in the foetus, an artery passes to the 
lens. S. nu'cleus. Red nucleus. 
1041 STILUS 
Sti'lus. Stylus. S. ante'rior, S. infe'rior, S. in- 
ter'nus, S. supe'rior, see Peduncles of optic thalamus. 
S. dilu'bilis or S. un'gueus, medicated pencil. 
Stimato'sis (stuma, priapism). Stymatosis. Hemor- 
rhage from the male organ, accompanied or not with 
priapism. 
Stim'mi. Antimonium. 
Stim'ulant (stimulo, to excite). Excitant, Incitant, 
Hypersthenic, Pyreto genetic. Medicine having the 
power of exciting the organic action of the different 
systems of the economy. Some stimulants are diffu- 
sible, having a prompt but temporary action ; others 
are permanent or persistent. The action of stimulants 
is called stimulation. Cardiac stimulants increase 
the heart's action; cerebral stimulants, that of the 
brain; diffusible stimulants, like ammonia, have a 
quick but transient effect; spinal stimulants excite 
the action of the spinal cord. See Excitants. 
Stimulate, stim'u-late (stimulo, to goad). To pro- 
duce an exaltation of vital activity in a part or organ. 
Stimulation, stim-u-la'shun. Action of stimulants. 
Stim'uli (pl. of Stimulus). Excitants. 
Stimulus (goad). That which excites the animal 
economy. S. difference, difference in activity be- 
tween two stimuli. S. receptiv'ity, ability of receiv- 
ing and appreciating the highest degree of stimulus. 
S. scope, limit between stage of stimulus suscepti- 
bility and that of receptivity. S. susceptibility, 
ability of perceiving a stimulus. S. thresh'old, see 
Threshold. S. val'ue, term applied in psychophysics 
to point out sign or formula indicating intensity of 
stimulus. 
Sting. Acute and sudden pain, as from a bee. 
Stimulus. 
Stinge. Variety of urticaria affecting the mouth 
and nose of cattle in hot weather. 
Stink bush. Illicium floridanum. S. poke, Dra- 
contium fcetidum. S. weed, Chenopodium anthel- 
minticum, Datura stramonium, Polanisia graveolens. 
Stipa'tio (stipo, stipatum, to stop up). Narrowness or 
constriction. S. te'lse cellulo'sse infan'turn, indura- 
tion of the cellular tissue of children. 
Stip'itate. Possessing stalk or pedicle. 
Stip'ites dulcama'ree. Dulcamara. S. lamina'- 
riaa, Laminaria Cloustoni. 
Stipticus, stip'tik-us. Styptic. 
Stitch (same root as Stick). Point. Acute lancinat- 
ing pain like the puncture of a sharp needle. S., 
com'mon, suture, common. S., loop, see Suture. S., 
ro'yal, see Suture. S. in the side, pleurodynia; also 
a symptom in pleurisy or pneumonia. S. wort, com- 
mon chickweed. 
Stizolo'bium (stiso, to prick, lobion, small pod). 
Dolichos pruriens. S. pru'riens, Mucuna pruriens. 
S. u'rens, Mucuna urens. 
Stlen'gis. A flesh-brush. An instrument used in 
ancient baths for scraping off the sweat. 
Stobse'a rubricau'lis (after Dr. Stobieus of Sweden). 
S. African plant, ord. Composite. A tincture of the 
bruised roots is diuretic and of service in gravel. 
Stock'ing, elas'tic, gum, or laced. Bandage used 
by surgeons, consisting of a stocking made of cloth 
or silk, admitting of tight lacing anteriorly; it is also 
made of fine elastic gum cloth. It is employed in 
varices and ulcers of the legs. 
Stoe'chas Arab'ica. Lavandula stcechas. 
Stcechiology (ste-ke-ol'o-je) or Stoichlol'ogy (stoi- 
cheion, an element, logos, discourse). Treatise on, or 
the theory of, elements, hence of the elementary parts 
of organized substances. 
Stoicheion, stoi-ki'on. Element. 
Stokes. See Cheyne. S., disease of, see Exoph- 
thalmia. S.'s law, paralysis affecting underlying in- 
flamed serous or mucous membranes. S.'s lin'iment, 
mixture of oil of turpentine, acetic acid, and yolk 
of egg. 
Stolid'ity. Stupidity; imbecility; amentia. 
Sto'ma (stoma). Mouth. 
Stomacace, sto-mak'as-e (stoma, Icakos, evil). Noma, 
Canker. Fetor of the mouth, with a bloody discharge 
from the gums; scurvy; see Cancer aquaticus. Por- 
STOMACH 
phyra nautica. S. gangraeno'sum, cancer aquations. 
S. universa'le, purpura hsemorrhagica. 
Stomach, stum'ak. One of the principal organs 
of the digestive apparatus. A musculo-membra- 
nous reservoir, continuous on the one side with the 
oesophagus, on the other with the duodenum. It is 
situate beneath the diaphragm, between the liver 
and the spleen, and occupies the epigastrium and 
part of the left hypochondrium. In it the food is 
formed into chyme. Viewed externally, the stomach 
has-1. An anterior face, which looks a little upward. 
2. An inferior face, directed downward. 3. An infe- 
rior or colic margin, which is convex and extensive, 
and is called the greater curvature. It gives origin to 
the omentum majus. 4. A superior or diaphragmatic 
margin, shorter, concave, and called the lesser curva- 
ture. The lesser omentum is attached to this. 5. 
A left or oesophageal orifice, called also the cardia 
or upper orifice. 6. A right or intestinal or infe- 
rior orifice, called the pylorus. 7. A considerable 
dilatation, situate to the left of the cardia and greater 
curvature, called the great tuberosity or great cul- 
de-sac or fundus or splenic portion of the stomach. 
8. A less extensive dilatation, situate to the right of 
the greater curvature-the lesser tuberosity or lesser 
cul-de-sac, pyloric portion. The inner surface of 
the stomach is of a reddish-white color, and has 
a marbled appearance. It is constantly covered 
by thick mucus, and is lined by a mucous membrane 
presenting numerous wrinkles or rugee. The parietes 
of the stomach consist of three membranes in 
superposition. The outermost is serous, and is 
an extension of the peritoneum. The middle coat 
is muscular-some fibres running longitudinally, 
others transversely, and others obliquely. The in- 
nermost membrane is of a mucous nature, but not 
exactly a continuation of the membrane that lines 
the oesophagus. The mucous and muscular mem- 
branes form, at the pylorus, a valve called the pyloric 
valve. These three coats are united by a dense, close, 
areolar membrane, and between the mucous and mus- 
cular coats, along the two curvatures especially, is a 
quantity of muciparous glands, called glands of Brun- 
ner. The matrix is the fibrous network uniting the 
cylindrical tubes of the stomach, and also surround- 
ing the intestinal tubes. The arteries of the stomach 
are very numerous, and proceed from the coronary of 
the stomach, the pyloric, splenic, and right and left 
gastro-epiploic. The veins have the same name and 
pursue the same course as the arteries. They pour 
their blood into the trunk of the vena porta. Its 
lymphatic vessels are very numerous, and pass into 
ganglia situate along the two curvatures. The nerves 
of the stomach proceed from the pneumogastric and 
three divisions of the cceliac plexus. 
The following estimates have been made of the 
measurements of the stomach: 
Weight, 202 g. (Dursq). 
Length from fundus to pylorus 270-320 mm. 
Distance from the lesser to greater curvature in 
the middle part90-110 
Distance from the lesser to greater curvature at 
the fundus120 
Distance from the lesser to greater curvature at 
the antrum pylori 40-50 
Width of cardia and pylorus30 
Length of stomach in the new-born80 
Stomach ache. Cardialgia; colic. S., cadav'eric 
soft'ening of, see Cadaveric. S. cells, honeycomb-like 
depressions in the lining membrane of the stomach. 
S. disease, general term for gastric affections; see 
also Limosis. S., first, ingluvies. S. fis'tula, fistula, 
gastric. S., hemorrhag'ic ero'sion of, see Erosion. 
S. pump, a useful instrument for conveying fluids to 
the stomach when deglutition is impracticable, and 
for pumping out the contents of that organ. It con- 
sists of a forcing syringe, to the bottom and nozzle of 
which flexible tubes can be attached. When the ob- 
ject is to force fluids into the stomach, the stomach- 
tube must be attached to the nozzle and passed down 
the throat, the tube connected with the bottom of 
1042 STOMACHAL 
the syringe being placed in the fluid to be injected. 
To empty the stomach, the stomach-tube must be at- 
tached to the bottom of the instrument. This instru- 
ment is of great service where poisons have been 
taken. The antidote, when any exists and is at hand, 
should be promptly administered if it is capable of at 
once neutralizing the poison. The stomach-pump 
was first employed in America by Dr. Physick in 1812. 
S., sec'ond, proventriculus. S., sick, nausea; milk 
sickness. S., third, ventriculus callosus. S. tooth, 
canine tooth, lower jaw, first dentition; so named 
owing to gastric disturbance frequently ensuing at 
its eruption. S. tube, see Tube, oesophageal. S., ul'cer 
of, gastric ulcer. S. vertigo, vertigo ascribed to 
gastric origin. 
Stomachal, stom'ak-al. Stomachic, Stomachical. 
Belonging to the stomach ; being good for the stom- 
ach ; strengthening the stomach. Medicine giving 
tone to the stomach. 
Stomachalgia, stom-ak-al'je-ah (stomach, algos, 
pain). Cardialgia. 
Stom'achi resolu'tio (weakness of stomach). Dys- 
pepsia. 
Stomach'ic. Stomachal. 
Stomach'ical. Stomachal. 
Stomachus, stom'ak-us (stomachos). Word used in 
several different acceptations; for example, for the 
oesophagus, for the cardiac orifice of the stomach (see 
Cardia'), and for the stomach itself. 
Stomadaeum, stom-ad-e'um. Stomodeeum. 
Stomaemorrhagia, stom-e-mor-rhaj'e-ah (stoma, 
mouth, haima, blood, rhegnumi, to burst forth). Hem- 
orrhage from the mouth. 
Stomal'gia (stoma, algos, pain). Pain in the 
mouth. 
Stomapodous, stom-ap'o-dus (stoma, mouth, pous, 
foot). Having feet near the mouth. 
Stomapyra, stom-ap'ir-ah (stoma, pur, fire, fever). 
Aphthae. S. aph'tha, aphthae. 
Stomata, stom'at-ah (pl. of Stoma). Mouths. 
Stomatalgia, stom-at-al'je-ah (stoma, algos, pain). 
Pain in the mouth. 
Stomate, sto'mate. Having a mouth. 
Stomatelcia (stom-at-el'se-ah) or Stomatelco'sis 
(stoma, helkos, an ulcer). Ulceration of the mouth. 
Stomatelcosis, stom-at-el-ko'sis (stoma, helcosis, ul- 
ceration). Ulceration of the mouth. 
Stomatia, stom-ah'shee-ah (stoma). Disease of the 
mouth. 
Stomat'ic (stomatikos, relating to the mouth). Medi- 
cine used in diseases, etc. of the mouth. Dentifrices, 
masticatories, etc. are stomatics. 
Stomatitis, stom-at-e'tis (stoma, itis). Inflammation 
of the mouth. S., aph'thous, S., follicular or ulcerous 
or parasitic. Inflammation of the follicles of the 
mouth, constituting the aphthae of the adult, which 
is generally accompanied by cephalic, gastric, *and 
general disturbance. It may be discrete or confluent, 
and requires general and local treatment adapted to 
the case; see Aphthae. S. catarrha'lis, catarrhal in- 
flammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth. 
S. cremo'sa, aphthae. S. diphtherTca, diphtheritic 
inflammation of the mouth. S., erythem'atous, 
simple inflammation of the mouth. S. exsudati'va, 
aphthae. S. exuPcerans, S., ulcerative. S., follic'- 
ular, S., aphthous. S. gangraeno'sa, cancer aquat- 
ions. S. mater'na, stomatitis of nursing women. S. 
mercuria'lis, see Salivation, mercurial. S. of nurs'ing 
women appears to be a variety of S., aphthous. S. 
nutrPcum, stomatitis of nursing women. S., para- 
sit'ic, S., aphthous. S., pseudomem'branous, Pseudo- 
membranous inflammation of the mouth; in its worst 
form, Stomatyphus. Inflammation of the mouth ac- 
companied by the exudation of a false membrane-a 
disease rarely seen extensively except in large found- 
ling establishments. S., uPcerative, inflammation of 
the mouth, accompanied with ulceration; frequently 
described under the vague name of Aphthae. S., uP- 
cerous, S., ulcerative. S., vesic'ular, aphthae. S. 
vesiculo'sa infan'tum, aphthae. 
Stomatoc'ace (stoma, kakos, evil). Stomacace. 
1043 
STONE-CUTTER'S PHTHISIS 
S tomato catharsis, stom-at-o-kath-ar'sis {kathairo, 
to purge). Ptyalism. 
Stomatodynia, stom-at-o-din'e-ah {stoma, odune, 
pain). Pain in the mouth. 
Stomatodysodia, stom-at-o-dis-od'e-ah {stoma, dys, 
ozo, to smell). Offensive smell of the breath upon ex- 
halation. 
Stomatogastric, stom-at-o-gas'trik {stoma, gaster, 
stomach). Stomogastric. Appertaining to the mouth 
and stomach, as the stomatogastric ganglia of the 
lower animals. See Encephalon. 
Stomatoiatria, stom-at-o-e-at-re'ah {stoma, iatreia, 
medical treatment). Treatment of diseases of the 
mouth. 
Stomatomalacia putrida, stom-at-o-mal-ah'she-ah 
pu'trid-ah {stoma, malakia, softness). Cancer aquations. 
Stomatomenia, stom-at-o-men'e-ah. Vicarious men- 
struation by the mouth. 
Stomatomia, stom-at-om'e-ah {stoma, tome, incision). 
Incision or operation on the mouth. Incising the 
mouth of the uterus. 
Stomatomorphous, stom-at-o-mor'fus {stoma, morphe, 
form). Term in botany, meaning mouth-shaped. 
Stomatonecrosis, stom-at-o-ne-kro'sis {stoma, nekro- 
sis, death). Cancer aquaticus; stomacace. 
Stomatono'ma {stoma, name, an ulcer). Stomacace. 
Stomatopa'nus {stoma, panu, very much). Tume- 
faction of the glands of the mouth. 
Stomatopathi'a or Stomatop'athy {stoma, pathos, 
disease). Disease of the mouth. 
Stomatophyma, stom-at-o-fe'mah {stoma, phuma, 
swelling). Swelling of the mouth. S. glandulo'sum, 
tumefaction of the glands of the mouth. 
Stomatoplas'tic {stoma, plasso, to form). Epithet 
for the operation of forming a mouth where the 
aperture has been contracted from any cause-Stom- 
atoplasty. 
Stomatoplasty, stom'at-o-plas-te {stoma, plasso, to 
form). Plastic operation about the mouth. 
Stomatorrhagia, stom-at-or-rhaj'e-ah {stoma, rheg- 
numi, to break out). Hemorrhage from the mouth. 
S. alveolo'rum, phatnorrhagia. S. gingiva'rum, 
bleeding from the gums. 
Stomatorrhce'a {stoma, rheo, to flow). Excessive 
flow of liquid from the mouth; see Stomatorrhagia. 
Sto'matoscope {stoma, skopeo, to view). Instrument 
for keeping the mouth open, so as to permit the parts 
within to be inspected-Speculum oris. Also an in- 
strument like the laryngoscope, provided with a 
mirror to reflect light on the interior of the mouth. 
Stomatosepsis, stom-at-o-sep'sis {stoma, sepsis, pu- 
trefaction). Cancer aquaticus. 
Stomato'sis {stoma). Bleeding from the mouth. 
Stomatospasmus, stom-a-to-spaz'mus {stoma, spas- 
mus). Trismus; lockjaw. 
Stomatosyrinx, stom-at-o-sir'inks {stoma, surinx, 
tube). Eustachian tube. 
Stomaty'phus {stoma, typhus). Pseudomembra- 
nous stomatitis. 
Stomencephalus (stom-en-sef'al-us) or Stomo- 
ceph'alus {stoma, kephale, head), Genus of monsters 
having two contiguous eyes, or a double eye'' occupy- 
ing the median line; the nasal apparatus atrophied 
and forming a tube; the jaws rudimental; and the 
mouth imperfect or wanting. A variety of Cyclo- 
cephalus. 
Sto'mium. See Stoma. 
Stomodaeum, stom-o-de'um {stoma, daio, to divide). 
Invagination of epiblast forming mouth of embryo. 
Stomoman'icon {stoma, face, manos, thin). Pla- 
tysma myoides. 
Stomorrhagia, stom-or-rhaj'e-ah. Bleeding from 
the mouth. 
Stone bind'er. Osteocolla. S. in the blad'der, 
vesical calculus. S. crop, sedum. S. crop, bi'ting, 
sedum. S. mint, Cunila mariana. S. moss, rock 
lichens of Arctic regions of America, eaten as food. 
S. pine, Pinus cembra; Pinus pinea. S. pock, acne. 
S. root, Collinsonia Canadensis. S. sweat, see Hy- 
raceum. 
Stone-cut'ter's phthi'sis. Affection of the lungs, STONES, THE 
sometimes chronic interstitial pneumonia, ultimately 
becoming tuberculous, due originally to inhalation of 
fine particles in stone-cutting. 
Stones, the. Testes. 
Stool. Dejection. S., cal'omel, see Calomel. 
Stop'page. Cessation of a flow. Obstructive in- 
terference with a function. Obstruction of a canal. 
Stop'ping. Filling; stegnosis. S. of the bel'ly, 
bow'els, guts, or stom'ach, constipation. 
Stor'age albu'men. Albumen remaining in circu- 
lation. S. bat'tery, see Faure's battery. 
Sto'rax or Sty'rax. Gum-resin derived from 
liquidambar and Styrax officinalis. S. liq'uida, Liq- 
uidambar styraciflua. 
Storesln, sto-rez'in. Largest constituent of storax. 
Storck's blennorrhoe'a. Mucous discharge from 
the upper air-passages. 
Stork'bill or Storks'bill. Geranium maculatum, 
Erodium cicutarium. 
Stough'ton's elix'ir. Tinctura absinthii compos- 
ita. Gentian, wormwood, rhubarb, germander, bit- 
ter orange-peel, each 25 parts; aloes, cascarilla, each 
5 parts; alcohol, 1000 parts. Make into a tincture. 
Stove. Limited space, warmed artificially, in 
which the air is slowly renewed; used for drying 
various substances, as plants, extracts, conserves, etc., 
or for taking vapor-baths. In this case the stew or 
stove is said to be wet or humid; in the opposite case 
it is said to be dry. The latter, which is used by the 
Turks, is the Calidarium or Caldarium, Turkish, Eastern, 
or Roman bath. In the true Turkish bath, however, the 
air of the bathing apartment is densely charged with 
vapor, which the the so-called Turkish bath of mod- 
ern introduction here and elsewhere is generally not. 
The former is their trepidarium or vaporarium, which 
see. These kinds of baths greatly excite the cutane- 
ous transpiration, and are valuable agents in rheu- 
matic and other affections. 
Stra'bi {straboi). Those affected with squint. See 
Strabismus. 
Strabilismus, strab-il-iz'mus. Strabismus. 
Strabis'mic. Eelating to or affected with stra- 
bismus. 
Strabismometer, strab-is-mom'et-ur {strabismus, 
metron, measure). Instrument for measuring the 
linear deviation of a squinting eye. 
Strabismus, strab-iz'mus {strabismos, squinting; 
state of having crooked eyes). Want of concordance 
of the optic axes. It may be dependent upon natural 
or acquired inequality in the action of the motor mus- 
cles of the eye, on a convulsive state of one of those 
muscles, a difference in the sensibility of the two 
eyes, or a cerebral affection. If the disease be 
symptomatic of cerebral affection, attention must, 
of course, be directed to the latter. Strabismus may 
be single, affecting one eye only, or double, affecting, 
both eyes, and it may be convergent or divergent; 
that is, with the ball drawn toward the nose or 
away from it; other varieties are the upward, 
downward, periodic, and paralytic forms. Those 
affected with strabismus have been called Squinters 
or Squint-eyed. Slight deviation is generally called a 
cast in the eye, and sometimes Cockeye. S., conver- 
gent, see Straftismws. S., divergent, see Strabismus. 
S., doub'le, see Strabismus. S., sin'gle, see Stra- 
bismus. 
Strabometer, strab-om'e-tur. Graduated instru- 
ment devised for the purpose of measuring the degree 
of strabismus. 
Strabo'nes or Strabo'ni. Those affected with 
strabismus. 
Straboscopic, strab-o-skop'ic (strabos, twisted, 
skopeo, to see). Eeferring to likeness of objects as 
seen by a strabismatic person. S. disk, form of in- 
strument in which objects appear distorted. 
Strabositas, strab-os'it-as. Strabismus. 
Strabot'omy or Strabotomia, strab-o-tom'e-ah 
{strabos, one who squints, tome, incision). Operation 
for the removal of squinting by the division of the 
muscle or muscles that distort the eyeball. Straboto- 
mist is one who practises strabotomy. 
1044 
STRASSBURG TURPENTINE 
Straight si'nus. It runs backward in the base of 
the falx cerebri, gradually widening as it approaches 
the torcular Herophili, in which it terminates. Be- 
side the inferior longitudinal sinus, the vense Galeni 
and superior veins of the cerebellum open into it. S. 
tu'bule, central stem of uriniferous tubule which 
urine from collecting tubules enters. S. tu'bules of 
tes'tis, short, straight tubes of the testis, receiving 
secretion of seminiferous tubules, and discharging 
it into the rete testis. 
Strain (stringo, to constrict or squeeze). Sprain. 
To pass decoctions, infusions, etc. forcibly through 
linen; also to exert an effort. This is accomplished 
by fixing firmly the parts where the muscles to be 
exerted originate, in order that their full power may 
be developed. 
Strain'er. Sieve for filtration used in pharmacy. 
Strain'ing. Muscular effort. 
Straight-jack'et or Straight-waist'coat. Jacket, 
made of strong material, used for restraining maniacs 
or those laboring under violent delirium, and having 
long sleeves which are tied behind, so that the arms 
cannot be extricated. 
Straits of the pel'vis. See Pelvis. 
Stramineous, stram-in'e-us (stramen, straw). Color 
of, or like, straw. 
Stramo'nia. Datura stramonium. 
Stramo'nii fo'lia (Ph. U. S). See Datura stramonium. 
S. fo'lium, see Datura stramonium. S. se'men (Ph. 
U. S.), stramonium seeds. 
Stramonium, stram-o'ne-um (struchnos, manikos, 
maniacal). Datura stramonium. S. fce'tidum, Da- 
tura stramonium. S. ma'jus al'bum, Datura stramo- 
nium. S. oint'ment, unguentum stramonii. S. 
plas'ter, emplastrum stramonii. S. spino'sum, 
Datura stramonium. S. vulga'tum, Datura stra- 
monium. 
Stram'ony. Datura stramonium. 
Strangalsesthesia, stran-gal-ees-the'ze-ah. Morbid 
sensation of constriction of a part as by a rope or band. 
Strangalides, stran-gal'id-ees (strango, to compress). 
Small, hard tumors, as in the breast when the milk 
does not find issue. 
Stranga'lion. Tubercle. 
Stran'galis (strangalis, a hard kernel). Tubercle. 
Strangalismus, stran-gal-iz'mus (strangalismos, act 
of twisting). Strangulation. 
Stran'ger's cold or fe'ver. Murri-murri. See Fever, 
stranger's. 
Stran'gles. Tumor or swelling in throat of horse. 
Stran'gulated. Constricted tightly. S. her'nia, 
hernia irreducible from constriction; see Strangulation. 
Strangula'tio (strango, to compress). Orthopnoea. 
Strangulation. S. uteri'na, globus hystericus; see 
Angone. S. vul'vae, hysteria. 
Strangula'tion. State of a part too closely con- 
stricted. Thus we say that there is strangulation 
of an intestinal hernia when the opening that gives 
passage to the protruded intestine seriously intercepts 
the continuity of the digestive canal. In legal med- 
icine it means the forcible obstruction of the air- 
passages, by a ligature or by the hand, for criminal 
purposes. See Suffocation. 
Stran'gulator. A species of cynauche. See Lycoides. 
Strangu'ria. Strangury. S. cruen'ta, discharge of 
blood from the vessels of the urinary bladder. 
Strangurious, stran-gu're-us. Affected with or of 
the nature of strangury. 
Strangury, stran'gu-re (strango, to squeeze, ouron, 
urine). Dysuria. Extreme difficulty in evacuating 
the urine, which issues only drop by drop, and is 
accompanied with heat, pain, tenesmus at the neck 
of the bladder, etc. See Ischuria and Retention. 
Stranx. Drop. 
Strapping. The dressing of ulcers by means of 
straps or strips of adhesive plaster, linen, etc. Also 
the plaster thus applied. S., wa'ter, see Water- 
dressing. S., wet, see Water-dressing. 
Strass'burg tur'pentine. Variety of turpentine 
obtained by puncturing vesicles forming in bark of 
Abies pectinata. STRASSBURG'S TEST 
Strass'burg's test, for bile-acid in urine. Add 
cane-sugar to urine, into which dip filter-paper; dry 
the paper and apply a drop of H2SO4; a violet color is 
soon noticed. 
Strass'burger's cell-plate. Equatorial plate pro- 
duced in karyokinesis. 
Stratiotes, strat-e-o'tees. Achillea millefolium. 
Stra'tum (sterno, stratum, to spread or cover, to pave). 
Layer. S. arysyndes'micum, syndesmo-arytenoideus. 
S. bacilla'tum, bacillo'sum, or bacillo'rum, bacillary 
layer; see Tunica Jacobi. S. Bowman'!, the anterior 
elastic lamina of the cornea, between the proper cornea 
and the conj unctival epithelium, which, according to 
Bowman, aids the cornea in maintaining its exact 
curvature. S. cellula'rum pyramida'lium, large 
pyramidal layer. S. choriocapilla're, tunica Ruy- 
schiana. S. cine'reum, layer of investing gray matter 
in anterior corpora quadrigemina, beneath superficial 
stratum zonale; also layer of gray matter on floor of 
fourth ventricle. S. convolu'tum, stratum radiatum 
and layer of large pyramidal cells taken together. 
S. cor'neum, epidermis. S. cor'porum nervo'rum 
arcto'rum, stratum granulosum. S. cuta'neum, der- 
moid layer of membrane of tympanum. S. cylin- 
dro'rum, layer of rods and cones; tunica Jacobi. S. 
dorsa'le, dorsal layer. S. episclera'ta, part of cap- 
sule of Tenon on the sclerotic coat. S. gelatino'sum, 
gelatinous layer. S. germinati'vum, germinal spot; 
proligerous disk. S. glomerulo'sum, glomerular layer. 
S. granulo'sum, granular layer of retina; also upper 
portion of rete mucosum; a narrow layer of pyram- 
idal cells in the fascia dentata of the brain corre- 
sponding to similar cells on external surface of the 
brain. S. horizonta'le, superficial arcuate fibres over 
surface of anterior pyramid of the medulla. S. in- 
terme'dium, layer of fibres in crura cerebri. S. 1. 
thal'ami, subthalamic tegmental region. S. lacuno'- 
sum, layer of cortical cells in hippocampus major. S. 
lemnis'ci, deepest layer of anterior quadrigemina. S. 
lu'cidum, layer of cells in skin between stratum 
granulosum and horny layer. S. Malpigh'ii, corpus 
mucosum. S. media'num horizonta'le, horizontal 
stratum. S. medulla're, layer of medullated nerve- 
fibres in olfactory bulb. S. m. me'dium, stratum 
lacunosum. S. molecula're, gelatinoid layer of 
olfactory bulb; molecular layer of cortex. S. muco'- 
sum, corpus mucosum. S. muscula're lin'guse, aber- 
rant collection of muscular fibres running in middle 
glosso-epiglottic fold. S. ni'grum, substantia nigra. 
S. op'ticum, layer of delicate longitudinal nerve- 
fibres in corpora quadrigemina. S. o'riens, delicate 
layer of cells in cortex of hippocampus major. S. 
pigmen'ti, see Choroid. S. profun'dum pon'tis, deep 
layer of transverse fibres of pons Varolii. S. prolig'- 
erum, proligerous disk. S. radia'tum, cortical layer 
of hippocampus major. S. reticula're, stratum lacu- 
nosum. S. reticula'tum, latticed layer. S. semilu- 
na're, spiral ligament. S. subthalam'icum, subthal- 
amic tegmental region. S. superficial pon'tis, outer 
layer of transverse fibres of pons Varolii. S. supra- 
vascula're, external muscular coat of uterus. S. 
thy'reo-ar'y-epiglot'ticum, thyreo-ary-epiglotticus 
muscle. S. thyreomembrano'sum, thyro-epiglotticus 
muscle. S. transver'sum, stratum zonale. S. vas- 
cula're, middle muscular coat of uterus. S. zona'le, 
collections of white fibres on the surface of the cerebro- 
spinal axis, as upon the medulla, corpora quadrigem- 
ina, optic thalamus, and corpus striatum. 
Straw'berry (strewberry). Fragaria. S. bush, 
Euonymus Americanus. S., shrub'by, Rubus arcticus. 
S. toma'to, Physalis alkekengi. S. tongue, a charac- 
teristic appearance of the tongue in scarlatina, in 
which, after the clearing away of a thick white fur, 
the organ becomes preternaturally red and clean. S. 
tree, Euonymus Americanus. S., wild, Fragaria 
Virginiana. 
Streak, prim'itive. Groove, primitive. 
Streb'li (strMoi). See Strabismus. 
Streblosis, streb-lo'sis (streblos, twisted). Luxa- 
tion. 
Strem'ma (stremma). Luxation; sprain. 
1045 
STRICTURA 
Strength'ening plas'ter. Iron plaster. 
Strephotome, stref'o-tome (strepho, to turn, tome, 
incision). Name given to twisted needle used in 
Spanton's operation for radical cure of inguinal 
hernia. 
Strepito'sus mor'bus or affec'tus. A kind of flat- 
ulent disease, said to be once not uncommon in the 
Austrian Alps, in which emphysematous tumors form 
on different parts of the body, accompanied by so- 
norous excretion of gas by the mouth and anus. 
Strep'itus (strepito, to make a noise). A sound heard 
on percussion or auscultation. S. au'rium, noise of 
the ears; tinnitus aurium. 
Streptobacte'ria (streptos, formed in rings). Chain- 
like bacteria; named from their forming links. 
Streptococcus, strep-to-kok'kus (streptos, twisted, 
kokkos, kernel). Micrococci arranged in strings. S. 
diphthe'rise, found by Prudden in diphtheritic mem- 
branes. S. erysipel/atis or erysipelato'sus, micro- 
coccus erysipelatosus. S. of Fehleisen, micrococcus 
erysipelatosus. S. lanceola'tus, micrococcus Pasteuri. 
S. plicat'ilis, found in drinking-water and a disease 
affecting the lips of children. S. pyog'enes, micro- 
coccus found in acute abscess. S. sep'ticus, found in 
polluted soil. S. septopyse'micus, found in human 
saliva; pathogenic, like erysipelas micrococci. S. 
vaccin'ise, found in vaccine lymph. 
Strep'tothrix (streptos, thrix, hair). Genus of 
schizomycetes with hair-like filaments. 
Stretch'er. Litter for transporting the sick. 
Stretch'ing. Pandiculation. 
Stria, stre'ah. Parallel line or groove. S. acus'- 
tica, portion of cochlear duct of internal ear to which 
are distributed filaments of the auditory nerve. S. 
al'ba tu'beris, occasional white band on base of 
brain, passing from lateral edge of corpus mammillare 
forward, outward, and upward above the optic chiasma 
to the fornix. S. cor'nea, the superficial stratum of 
the taenia semicircularis. S. dorsa'lis, dorsal olfactory 
root. S. exter'na, ligamentum tectum. S. latera'lis, 
external olfactory root. S. longitudina'le of corz- 
pus callo'sum, whitish antero-posterior striatum on 
superior surface of corpus striatum. S. media'lis, 
internal olfactory root. S. medulla'ris ascen'dens, 
a medullary stria of fourth ventricle, rising obliquely 
upward and outward. S. m. of op'tic thal'amus, 
white streaks from pineal gland to foramen of Munro. 
S. pinea'lis, stria medullaris. S. termina'lis, part 
of internal capsule separating optic thalamus from 
corpus striatum. S. vascula'ris, a vascular strip on 
the outer wall of the membranous canal of the laby- 
rinth. 
Strl'aa (pl. of Stria, a furrow). See Vibices. S. acus'- 
ticae, medullary striae. S. atroph'icse, linear lesions 
seen in atrophy of the skin. S. cilia'res, ciliary pro- 
cesses. S. cor'neae, taenia semicircularis. S. gra- 
vida'rum, lineae albicantes. S. lib'erae, median striae 
longitudinales of corpus. S. longitudina'les cor'dis, 
muscular fibres of heart running in vertical direction 
along posterior longitudinal furrow. S. longitu- 
dina'les Lancis'ii, see Corpus callosum. S. medu.1- 
la'res, see Processus teretes. S. obtec'tae, striae longi- 
tudinales of corpus callosum, covered by edge of 
hemisphere. S. olfacto'rise, olfactory roots. S. ret'- 
inae subjec'tae ligamen'to cilia'ri, halo siguatus. S. 
of Ret'zius, Retzius, striae of. S. semiluna'res, taenia 
semicircularis. S. tec'tae, striae obtectae. S. termi- 
na'les, taenia semicircularis. S. transversa'les Wil- 
lis'ii, see Corpus callosum. 
Stri'ated (stria, a channel or groove). Marked with 
small channels or grooves or with lines of another 
color. S. ar'teries, minute branches from anterior 
and middle cerebral arteries entering anterior per- 
forated space and supplying corpus striatum. S. coat, 
see Artery. S. ipecacuan'ha, Peruvian ipecacuanha. 
S. mus'cular fi'bre, see Muscular fibre. 
Striatus, stre-at'us (striatus, grooved or furrowed). 
Grooved, striated; see Corpora striata. 
Stribili'go. Efflorescence. 
Strictu'ra. Stricture. S. a'ni, stricture of the 
rectum. S. intesti'ni rec'ti, stricture of the rectum. STRICTURE 
S. intesti'ni rec'ti spasmod'ica, spasmodic stricture 
of the rectum. S. oesoph'agi, stricture of the oesoph- 
agus. S. oesoph'agi callo'sa, stricture of the oesoph- 
agus. S. oesoph'agi spasmod'ica, cesophagismus. 
S. pharyn'gis or oesoph'agi ve'ra, stricture of the 
oesophagus. S. praepu'tii, phimosis. S. pylo'ri, strict- 
ure of the stomach at the pylorus; see Gastrostenosis. 
S. ure'thrae, stricture of the urethra. S. ventric'uli, 
stricture of the stomach ; see Gastrostenosis. 
Strict'ure (stringo, strictum, to draw tight). A dim- 
inution or contracted condition of some tube or duct, 
as the oesophagus, rectum, urethra, etc. This must be 
dilated by appropriate bougies. Strictures may also 
occur in the intestines. S., an'nular, circular stricture 
producing ring-like obstruction around urethral or 
intestinal canal. S., bri'dle, fold of membrane 
forming crescentic obstruction or stretched across the 
canal, attached at either end. S., car'diac, stricture 
at cardiac extremity of the stomach; see Gastrostenosis. 
S., conges'tive, stricture, result of acute congestion. 
S., contrac'tile, S., recurrent. S. fe'ver, constitu- 
tional disturbance following stricture; urethral rheu- 
matism. S., hour'glass, S., bridle. S., imper'meable, 
one which will not admit passage of instrument. S., 
ir'ritable, one in which slightest instrumental inter- 
ference causes pain and spasm. S., lin'ear, S., bridle. 
S. of the cesoph'agus, dysphagia constricta. S., pack'- 
thread, S., bridle. S., per'meable, S. admitting pas- 
sage of instrument. S. of the phar'ynx, dysphagia 
constricta. S. of the rec'turn occurs organically, and 
is usually a serious affection, being generally depend- 
ent upon scirrhus. S. of the rec'tum, spasmodic, an 
affection occurring in the nervous especially, which 
subsides spontaneously after a longer or shorter con- 
tinuance. S., recur'rent, resilient stricture, or one 
which readily contracts after dilatation. S. of the 
stom'ach, see Gastrostenosis. S. of the ure'thra, ure- 
throstenosis. S. of the u'rinary blad'der, stricture or 
saccated condition of urinary bladder. S., val'vular, 
S., bridle. S. vesi'cse urina'riae, stricture or saccated 
condition of urinary bladder. 
Stricturotomy, strikt-ure-ot'o-me. Urethrotomy. 
Stri'dor. Grating noise. S. den'tium, grinding 
of the teeth. 
Stridulant, strid'u-lant. Applied to a harsh grating 
sound. 
Strid'ulous. Applied to respiration, cough, or voice 
when it possesses the character of a grating sound. 
Stri'ga (furrow) cartilagino'sa cor'dis. Isthmus 
of the fossa ovalis. 
Strigillation, strij-il-la'shun. See Strigis. 
Strig'ilos. Strigis. 
Stri'gis (stringo, to touch lightly). A flesh-brush. 
Also an instrument anciently used in the baths for 
scraping off the perspiration. The process was called 
Strigillatio, Strigillation. 
String'halt (sometimes called Spring'halt). Sud- 
den twitching of hind leg of horse, or involuntary 
or convulsive motion of muscles that contract the 
hind leg. 
Striped dog'wood. Acer Pennsylvanicum. S.ma'- 
ple, Acer Pennsylvanicum. S. mus'cular fi'bre, see 
Muscular fibre. 
Strobila (strob'il-ah) or Strobile, stro'bil. Adult 
taenia. 
Strob'ile. Multiple fruit in form of cone or head, 
as that of the hop or pine; a cone. 
Strob'ili lu'pili or Strob'ili hu'muli. Hops. 
Strobilites, stro-bil'it-ees (strobilos, pine cone). 
Wine impregnated with the cones of the pine. Form 
of fruit resembling strobile. 
Stroboscopic (stro-bo-skop'ik) disk. See Strobo- 
scopic. 
Stroem'ia (after H. Stroem, a Norwegian natural- 
ist). Cadaba. 
Stroke. Sudden attack of disease. S., apoplec'tic, 
an apoplectic seizure. S., back, of the heart, dias- 
tolic impulse. S., paralytic, a sudden attack of 
encephalospinal paralysis. S., sun, sunstroke; see 
Insolation. S., wa'ter, see Hydrocephalus internus. 
Stro'ma (stroma, bed or couch). The bed or foun- 
1046 
STRUMA 
dation texture of an organ, as the stroma of the 
ovary. Applied also to the bed or base of any forma- 
tion, as the amorphous stroma of scrofulous forma- 
tions. S., fi'brin, formed direct from fibrin. S., 
intertu'bular, see Kidney. 
Stro'mal (stroma). Relating or appertaining to the 
stroma of an organ. 
Strong'er al'cohol. Alcohol fortior. S. e'ther 
(aether fortior), name given to ether; specific gravity 
.716. S. wa'ter of ammo'nia, aqua ammonise fortior; 
specific gravity .900. 
Strongul'lion. Strangury. 
Strongylus, stron'gil-us (strongulos, round). Hip- 
pocrates and others mean the Ascaris lumbricdides by 
this term. The Strongylus gigas is, however, distinct. 
It is sometimes met with-five inches, a foot, and 
even three feet long, and from two lines to half an 
inch in diameter; occasionally in the human kidney; 
rarely in other viscera, and still more rarely in the 
intestinal tube. Teres. See Parasites. S. arma'tus, 
worm which causes verminous aneurism in the horse. 
S. bronchia'lis, see Parasites. S. longevina'tus, see 
Parasites and Worms. S. paradox'us, see Parasites. 
Stron'tium bro'mide. In colorless soluble needles, 
used in various affections of the stomach, in acid 
conditions of that organ, in Bright's disease, epilepsy, 
etc.; dose, 10 to 30 grains three times a day, grad- 
ually increased in epilepsy. S. i'odide, prescribed in 
scrofuloderma, enlarged lymphatic glands, scrofulous 
otorrhoea, ozsena, lupus vulgaris, etc.; dose, gr. x-xx. 
S. lac'tate, white soluble powder used in some renal 
affections, as albuminuria, but not when there is 
diminished amount of urine or uraemia. 
Strophan'thidin. Principle derived from stro- 
phanthin by action of sulphuric acid. 
Strophanthin, stro-fan'thin. Glucoside of strophan- 
thus, C20H34O101; white crystalline powder, soluble in 
water, sparingly soluble in ether or chloroform; prob- 
ably the active principle. Action on the heart resem- 
bles that of digitalin. 
Strophan'thus his'pidus. Kombe arrow-poison. 
Ord. Apocynaceae; seeds are used; native of Africa 
and Asia; action cardiac, stimulant, and tonic; di- 
uretic similar to digitalis, probably a bitter diuretic 
in heart dropsy; dose of the tincture, 5 to 10 drops. 
Strophocephalus, strof-o-sef'al-us (strophe, a turn- 
ing round, kephale, head). Monster with distorted 
head. 
Strophoceph'aly. Condition of strophocephalus. 
Stro'phos (strophos, a twisted cord). Tormina. 
Strophulus, strof'u-lus. Red gum, Gum rash, Red 
gown, Tooth rash. Consists of an eruption of red or 
sometimes whitish pimples, White gum, Milk-spots, 
occurring in early infancy, chiefly about the face, 
neck, and arms, surrounded by a reddish halo or in- 
terrupted by irregular patches of cutaneous blush. 
All the varieties under this genus arise in conse- 
quence of the extreme vascularity and irritability of 
the skin at this period of life, when the constitution 
is liable to be disturbed by irritation, either in the 
alimentary canal, gums, or other parts. S. prurigino'- 
sus is rather an obstinate form of lichen with prurig- 
inous papules, and should therefore be more properly 
termed Lichen pruriginosus. S. sylves'tris, Ignis syl- 
vaticus. S. volat'icus, Ignis sylvaticus. 
Stro'phus (strophos, twisted cord). Tormina. 
Structio, struk'she-o (s<rtto, sfi'wcium, .to build). 
Structure. 
Structural, struk'shur-al. Of or belonging to 
structure. S. diseases, diseases due to or produced 
by organic tissue-changes. 
Structure. The arrangement of the different tis- 
sues or organic elements of which animals and vege- 
tables are composed. See Tissue. 
Stru'ma. Scrofula; bronchocele. S. adipo'sa, 
fatty neck; prominence of the neck from obesity. 
S. cys'tica, S. fibro'sa, S. gelatino'sa, S. hyper- 
plas'tica, S. os'sea, S. parenchymato'sa, S. petro'sa, 
are different varieties of goitre, as named from their 
physical characteristics. S., follic'ular, bronchocele. 
S. fungo'sa, encephaloid. STRUMIPRIVA CACHEXIA 
Strumipriva cachexia, stru-me-pre'vah kak-eks'- 
e-ah (struma, privus, deprived of). Loss of the thy- 
roid gland and resulting condition; myxoedema or 
condition allied to it. 
Strumoderma, stru-mo-dur'mah. Scrofulous af- 
fection of the skin and superficial glands; scrofulo- 
derma. 
Strumo'sis cer'ebri. Tubercles of the brain. S. 
pulmo'num, tubercles of the lungs. 
Strumo'sus or Stru'mous. Scrofulous. 
Struthiophagus, stru-the-of'ag-us (strouthion, a 
young ostrich, phago, to eat). Ostrich-eating; stru- 
thiophagous tribes still exist in parts of Africa. 
Stru'thium (strouthion). Saponaria. 
Strychnia, strik'ne-ah. Strychnine. Alkaline prin- 
ciple, solid, crystalline, inodorous, bitter, and exces- 
sively poisonous, which has been found in Strychnos 
nux vomica, S. colubrina, S. tieute, Ignatia amara, Cer- 
bera thevetia, and C. ahovai. Formula for its prepara- 
tion was omitted in last edition of the Ph. U. S., as it 
is usually made by the manufacturing chemist. The 
action-therapeutical and toxical-of strychnia on 
man and animals is exactly like that of the alcoholic 
extract of nux vomica. It is, however, more active. 
An eighth of a grain is sufficient to kill a large dog, 
and a quarter of a grain produces marked effects on 
the human body when in health. It has been given 
in paralysis and other cases like nux vomica. See 
Poisons (table of). S. ac'etate, strychniae acetas. S. 
arse'niate, white bitter powder; tonic and diuretic. 
S. ar'senite, soluble salt employed in intermittent 
fever in the minimum dose of the sulphate. S. bro'- 
mide, strychniae bromidum. S. hydri'odate, hydrio- 
date of strychnine. Occurs in white scales or needles, 
and contains 72 per cent, strychnia; soluble in alco- 
hol, slightly so in water. Action and uses same as sul- 
phate. Dose, to | grain. S. hydrobro'mate, hy- 
drobromate of strychnia; forms in prismatic needles, 
and contains 80 per cent, of strychnia. Prepared by 
adding solution of potassium bromide in water and 
alcohol to solution of sulphate of strychnine in 
alcohol and water. Uses same as sulphate. S. hy- 
drochlo'rate, muriate of strychnia; crystallizes in 
silky needles; soluble in sixty parts of cold water. 
Prepared by dissolving strychnine in warm dilute mu- 
riatic acid. Contains 84 per cent, strychnine. For 
action and uses, see Sulphate. S. i'odate, strychnias 
iodas. S. i'odide, strychnias hydriodas. S., i'o- 
dide of iodhy'drate of, made by pouring a solution 
of ioduretted iodide of potassium into a solution of 
a salt of strychnia. Used in the same cases as 
strychnia. Dose, a tenth to a sixth of a grain. S. 
mu'riate, strychniae murias. S. ni'trate, strychnias 
nitras. S. o'leate, see Oleate. S. sul'phate, strych- 
nias sulphas. S. and zinc, double i'odide of, zinc 
and strychnia, double iodide of. 
Strych'niae ace'tas. Acetate of strychnia or of 
strychnine. Salt formed by the direct combination of 
strychnia with acetic acid. It is given in the same 
cases as pure strychnia. S. bro'midum, bromide of 
strychnia; prepared by a process analogous to bro- 
mide of quinia. Prescribed in syrup, each drachm 
containing gr. of strychnia. S. hydri'odas, hydri- 
odate or iodide of strychnia ; prepared by mixing a 
solution of iodide of potassium with a concentrated 
solution of acetate of strychnia. S. i'odas, iodate of 
strychnia or of strychnine. Salt formed by adding a 
concentrated solution of iodic acid to strychnia. S. 
mu'rias, muriate of strychnia. (The product of the 
union of muriatic acid and strychnia.) Used in the 
same cases as strychnia. Liquor strychniae, solution of 
strychnia (Ph. Br.), is composed of strychnia, gr. iv; 
acid, hydrochlor, dil., ; sp. rectif., fgij ; aq. des- 
tillat., f Syj; dose, gtt. iv-viij. S. ni'tras, nitrate of 
strychnia or of strychnine. (The product of the union 
of nitric acid and strychnia.) Used in the same cases 
as strychnia. S. sul'phas (Ph. U. S.), sulphate of 
strychnia or of strychnine. (The product of the union 
of strychnia and dilute sulphuric acid.) The salt 
of strychnia usually prescribed. See Strychnos nux 
vomica. 
1047 
STUNNED 
Strychnina, strik-ne'nah (Ph. U. S.). C21H22N2O2. 
Strychnia or strychnine. See Strychnia. 
Strychnine sulphas, strik-ne'ne sul'fas. (C21H22- 
N2O2)2H2SO4,7H2O. Strychnias sulphas. 
Strych'nine. Strychnia. S., az'otate of, strych- 
nia1, nitras. S., sul'phate of, strychnia sulphas. 
Strychni'num. Strychnia. 
Strych'nism. See Strychnos nux vomica. 
Strych'nium. Strychnia. S. ace'ticum, strych- 
nia acetas. S. ni'tricum, strychnia nitras. S. sul- 
phu'ricum, strychnia sulphas. 
Strychnoma'nia. With the ancients, the delirium 
caused by the Strychnos or Atropa belladonna. 
Strych'nos. Atropa belladonna; Solanun dulca- 
mara. S. colubri'na, see Strychnia and Strychnos nux 
vomica. S. Guianen'sis, see Curare. S. Igna'tii, Ig- 
natia amara. S. nux vom/ica, Nux vomica, Koochla 
tree; ord. Loganiacea. A tree of the family Strych- 
no'ides, growing in India. The seeds have been long 
sold in the shops under the names Nux vomica, Vomic 
or Poison nut, Bachelor's button, etc. For a long time 
these seeds were used only for poisoning rats, but 
subsequently an extract was prepared from them, 
which was administered in paralytic affections in 
small doses. It produces a kind of tetanic convulsion 
in the paralyzed parts when given to the requisite 
extent. It has also been administered in chronic 
diarrhoea and dysentery. When taken to such an 
extent as to induce toxical phenomena-strychnism- 
it causes at first, or when given in a smaller dose, 
greatly augmented excitability of the spinal nervous 
system, with slight transient paroxysms or spasms of 
the limbs and hurried respiration. In larger doses 
the excitability is still more developed, with parox- 
ysms of prolonged general tetanic convulsions, lar- 
yngismus or contraction of the glottis, violent efforts 
of respiration, and asphyxia. The most important 
principles obtained from it are strychnia and brucia. 
Igasuria has also been derived from it. See Strych- 
nia, Brucia, Igasuria, etc. The bark is the false 
angustura or false cusparia bark, rohun; see Brucea 
antidysenterica. Strychnos colubrina, Modira caniram, 
an Indian tree containing strychnine, was formerly 
considered a specific against the bites of venomous 
animals, and was recommended in intermittents. 
The wood is lignum colubrinum. S. potato'rum 
(strychnos of drinkers), Clearing nut; fruit of a 
large tree of Silhet, which, when ripe, is sold under 
the name Nirmullees or Nirmillies. Well rubbed for 
a minute or two around the inside of a vessel con- 
taining water, it purifies it by causing the impurities 
which the fluid contains to be deposited, it is supposed, 
by its albumen and casein. S. pseudoqui'na, Quina 
do campo, of Brazil, is used by the natives as a sub- 
stitute for cinchona. S. tieu'te, see Strychnia and 
Upas. S. toxica'ria or toxif'era, see Curare. 
Stryphna, strif'nah (struphnos, acerb or sour). As- 
tringents. 
Stryphnodendron (strif-no-den'dron) barbatima'o 
(stryphnos, dendron, a tree). Cortex adstringens Bra? 
siliensis. 
Stryphnos, strif'nos (struphnos, sour, harsh). Acerb. 
Studio'sus medici'nae (fond of medicine). A lover 
of medicine. 
Studium inane, stu'de-um in-an'e (empty study). 
Brown study or listless musing. 
Stud'y, brown. Listless musing. 
Stuffing. Cynanche trachealis. Filling, as in 
dentistry. 
Stultitia, stul-tish'e-ah. Mental imbecility; idiot- 
ism; dementia. 
Stump. Part remaining from which a limb or 
other part has been amputated or removed in any 
manner. Also the portion of a tooth remaining in 
the alveolus after the corona has been removed. S. 
of eye'ball, remainder of globe left after excision of 
the ball. S., su'gar-loaf, conical stump occasioned by 
extensive retraction of muscles following amputation. 
Stump'foot. Kyllosis. 
Stunned (attonitus, astonished). Epithet applied to 
one who, in consequence of a fall or other accident, STUNTEDNESS 
has received such a concussion of the brain as to de- 
prive him, for a time, of mental manifestations. 
Stunt'edness. Being stunted or hindered in 
growth. 
Stu'pa. Tow used in certain surgical apparatuses 
and dressings. Also a stupe; that is, cloth or tow 
used in fomentations. A flannel or other article 
wrung out of hot water, plain or medicated, applied 
to a part, is a stupe. The act of applying it is called 
Stuping. 
Stupe. Stupa. 
Stupefacientia, stu-pe-fah-she-en'she-ah (stupeo, to 
be benumbed, facio, to make). Narcotics. 
Stupefaction. Narcosis. . 
Stupeion, stu-pi'on. Stupa. 
Stupha, stu'fah. Stove; stupa. 
Stupia, stu'pe-ah. Tin. 
Stupid'itas (stupeo, to be benumbed). Idiotism; 
imbecility. 
Stu'ping. See Stupa. 
Stu'por (stupeo, to be benumbed). Diminished ac- 
tivity of the intellectual faculties, often amounting 
to lethargy. It occurs in many affections, especially 
in the neuroses. S., aner'gic, acute dementia. S. 
ar'tuum, state of the limbs being asleep. S. den'- 
tium, great sensibility of the teeth; toothedge. S. 
formi'cans, formication. S. men'tis, see Stultitia. 
S. vig'ilans, catalepsy. 
Stup'pa. Stupa. 
Stupra'tion. Stuprum. 
Stu'prum. Rape, Stupration. Forcible and illicit 
connection with a married or unmarried woman. 
When committed upon the latter, it is also called de- 
floration. In judging whether rape has been com- 
mitted the state of the genital organs, the age of the 
individual, and the possibility of accidents and dis- 
eases of the parts will have to be considered. It 
will be necessary also to be acquainted with the evi- 
dences of virginity, and to determine-if signs of 
virginity no longer exist-whether its loss is attrib- 
utable to copulation or to the introduction into the 
vagina of any other body than the male organ, etc. 
Recent deflowering can, of course, be much more 
readily distinguished than that which has taken place 
some time before. Rape almost always includes the 
idea of violence, while sexual intercourse with per- 
sons in an unconscious condition, or with idiots or 
insane persons, is at times separated from rape and 
reckoned as violation. 
Stur'dy. See Coenurus. 
Stut'terer. One affected with stuttering. 
Stut'tering. Stammering. See Balbuties. 
Sty or Stye (pron. sti). See Hordeolum. 
Style, lac'rymal. Metal wire worn in the nasal 
duct in treatment of lacrymal obstruction. 
Stylet' (stylus). See Specillum. 
Styli, ste'le (pl. of Stylus). Styloid processes. 
Styliform, sti'le-form (stylus, forma, shape). Styloid. 
Styliscus, stil-is'kus (stylus). Tent. 
Sty'lo (stulos, style). In composition, the styloid 
process of the temporal bone. 
Stylo-auricula'ris. Auriculoglossus. 
Stylo ceratohy oideus, ste-lo-ser-at-o-he-o-e' da-us. 
Stylohyoideus. 
Styloceratoi'des. Stylohyoideus. 
Stylo chondr ohy oideus, ste-lo-kon-dro-he-o-e' da-us. 
Name given to a fleshy fasciculus which the stylo- 
hyoid muscle sometimes presents, attached to the 
lesser cornu of the os hyoides. It is also called stylo- 
hyoides novus, stylohyoideus alter. 
Styloglos'sal nerve. Facial branch supplying the 
styloglossus muscle and mucous membrane at the 
base of the tongue. 
Styloglos'sus. A muscle situate at the anterior 
and superior part of the neck. It is narrow behind, 
much broader before; is attached to the styloid pro- 
cess of the temporal bone and to the stylomaxillary 
ligament, and is inserted into the side of the tongue. 
It raises the base of the tongue and carries it back- 
ward. 
Stylohy'al bone. Styloid process. 
1048 
STYPTIC 
Stylohy'oid arch. Hyoidean arch. S. lig'ament, 
a fibrous flattened cord passing from the styloid pro- 
cess to the lesser cornu of the os hyoides. S. nerve, 
second branch given off by the facial. 
Stylohyoi'deus. Stylohyoides major. A muscle sit- 
uate at the superior, anterior, and lateral part of the 
neck. It is thin and narrow, especially posteriorly; 
anteriorly, it opens to give passage to the tendon of 
the digastricus. It is attached to the styloid process 
of the temporal bone, and to the body of the hyoid 
bone. It raises the hyoid and carries it backward. 
Sty'loid (stulos, style, peg, pin, eidos, shape). 
Shaped like a peg or pin. S. bone, see Styloid processes. 
S. cor'nua, see Hyoid bone. S. pro'cesses, Pencil-like 
processes, are-1, a long and slender process of the 
temporal bone, to which are attached the styloglossus, 
stylopharyngeus, and stylohyoideus muscles and the 
stylohyoid and stylomaxillary ligaments. This some- 
times remains distinct in many animals, and is then 
called the styloid bone. 2. Two slender and pyramidal 
processes at the inferior extremities of the radius 
and ulna. 
Stylolarynge'us. Portion of stylopharyngeus in- 
serted upon epiglottis and cartilage of thyroid. 
Stylomas'toid. Relating to the styloid and mas- 
toid processes. S. ar'tery arises from the posterior 
auricular, and in some subjects from the occipital; 
it enters the stylomastoid foramen, passes along the 
aqueduct of Fallopius, and spreads its ramifications 
on the mucous membrane of the tympanum and in 
the mastoid cells and semicircular canals, and termi- 
nates by anastomosing with a branch of the middle 
meningeal artery, which enters by the hiatus Fal- 
lopii. The name stylomastoid is also given to the 
posterior auricular artery itself. S. fora'men, fora- 
men situate at the inferior surface of the petrous 
portion of the temporal bone, between the styloid 
and mastoid processes. It terminates the aqueduct 
of Fallopius and gives passage to the facial nerve. 
Stylomaxillary, sti-lo-maks'il-la-re. Relating to 
the styloid process and the jaw. S. lig'ament, a 
ligamentous flat cord extending between the styloid 
process and the angle of the jaw. 
Stylopharyngeus, ste-lo-far-in-ja'us. Muscle situ- 
ate at the anterior and lateral part of the neck. It 
is slender, thin above, attached to the styloid process 
of the temporal bone, and terminates in the parietes 
of the pharynx, as well as at the posterior margin 
of the thyroid cartilage. It raises the pharynx and 
carries it backward. 
Stylophorum diphyllum, stil-of'o-rum dif-il'lum 
(stulos, style, phero, to bear). Celandine or Hornpoppy, 
Bruiseroot. Indigenous plant, family Papaveraceae. 
The juice is fetid and narcotic. Infused in wine, it 
has been given internally in gravel, and has been 
applied externally to contusions, etc. 
Stylosan'thes. S. elatior. Herb used for relief of 
uterine irritability during the progress of gestation. 
Stylostaph'yline. Pertaining to the velum palati 
and styloid process. 
Stylosteophy'tum (stylo, osteon, bone, phuton, 
growth). Osteophyte resembling a spike. 
Stylostixis, stil-o-stiks'is (stylus, style, stixis, act of 
puncturing). Acupuncture. 
Stylotonsilla'res. Stylopharyngeus fibres passing 
to the tonsil. 
Stylus, ste'lus (stulos, stake, style). Style; pin; 
peg; sound. S. excava'tus, hollow sound. 
Sty 'ma (stuma, stiffening). Erection; priapism. 
Stymatosis, stim-at-o'sis (styma, osis). Hemorrhage 
from the male organ, accompanied or not by priapism. 
Stym'mata (pl. of Stymma) (stumma, that which 
constricts or thickens). The most solid ointments; 
also the ingredients for increasing their consistence. 
Stypsis, stip'sis (stupsis). Astriction ; constipation. 
Stypterla, stip-ta're-ah (stupterid). Alumen ; styp- 
tics. 
Styp'tic (stuptikos). See Styptics. S., Binel'li's, 
aqua Binellii. S., Brocchie'ri's, aqua Brocchierii. S. 
collo'dion contains tannic acid in a mixture of alco- 
hol, ether, and collodion; employed to control small STYPTICITY 
hemorrhages; seldom used, and not a clean way to 
stop bleeding. S. col'loid, see Colloid. S. cot'ton, 
absorbent cotton impregnated with a solution of 
ferric chloride or ferric sulphate, and dried. S., 
Helve'tius's, see Ferrum tartarizatum. S., Paglia'ri's, 
haemostatic, Pagliari's. S., Ruspi'ni's, a nostrum said 
to consist of gallic acid, a small quantity of sulphate 
of zinc and opium, dissolved in a mixture of alcohol 
and rose-water, which had much reputation as an 
internal and external astringent. S. weed, Cassia 
occidentalis. 
Stypticity, stip-tis'it-e. Possessing styptic power. 
Styptics, stip'tiks (stupho, to constringe). Some- 
times used synonymously with astringent, but gener- 
ally applied to a substance employed to arrest hem- 
orrhage. See Astringents. A mechanical styptic is 
one that arrests the flow of blood by being applied 
immediately to the mouth of the bleeding vessel, or 
by inducing a coagulum, mechanically, in it. A 
chemical styptic is one which coagulates, chemically, 
the blood around a bleeding orifice. 
Styracin, sti'ras-in. Crystalline substance found 
in storax and other balsams. 
Styrac'inum o'leum. Oil obtained by boiling 
storax in good olive oil. 
Styracol, sti'rak-ol. Cinnamyl-guiacol; result of 
action of guiacol on cinnamyl chloride; antiseptic. 
Prescribed internally in chronic catarrh of the blad- 
der, gonorrhoea, and catarrh of the stomach and in- 
testines, and as a substitute for guaiacol in the treat- 
ment of pulmonary tuberculosis. 
Sty'rax (Ph. U. S.) (sturax). Balsam or resin ob- 
tained from inner bark of Liquidambar orientale; 
also from Styrax officinalis and S. calamita. It is 
the solid storax-officinal storax. Two kinds of 
storax are met with: red storax, gum storax, ob- 
tained by incision from the Styrax officinalis and 
from the Liquidambar Orientale; and common sty- 
rax, Styrax calamita, that which has been received 
in reeds or vessels, and has had sawdust added imme- 
diately to thicken it. Like the other balsams, it is 
stimulant and expectorant. Purified storax, 8. prsepara- 
tus (Ph. U. S.), Extractum styracis, is storax purified by 
means of rectified spirit and straining. S. al'ba, see 
Myroxylon Peruiferum. S. ben'zoin, see Benzoin. S. 
calam'ita, see 8tyrax. S. liq'uida, Liquidambar sty- 
raciflua. S. officina'lis, see Styrax. 
Sty'rol. Volatile oil derived from styrax. Cinna- 
mene. S. cin'namate, styracin. 
Sty'rone. Amyl alcohol derived from styrax; 
antiseptic. 
Sty'sis (stasis, erection). Erection ; priapism. 
Suakim gum. Product of Acacia stenocarpa and A. 
Senegal; inferior variety of gum acacia. 
Suave'olens (suavis, sweet, olens, smelling). Sweet- 
scented, as a medicine. 
Sub (L.). In composition, beneath or lower degree. 
Before c it becomes sue ; before f, suf; before g, sug; 
before p, sup; before r, sur; and before s, sus. In 
some words, however, it is su, as in suspiro. 
Subace'tas. Subacetate. S. cu'pricus, verdigris. 
S. plum'bicus liq'uidus, solution of subacetate of 
lead. 
Subac'etate. Salt of acetic acid containing more 
than one equivalent of base to one of acid. 
Subac'idus. Acidulous. 
Subacro'mial bur'sa. Upper portion of deltoid 
bursa. 
Subactio, sub-ak'she-o (subigo, subactum, to subject 
or prepare). Operation of making plasters, extracts, 
etc. with the hand or with the pestle and mortar. 
Subacute'. Acute in moderate degree. S. myeli'- 
tis, myelitis in which the affection reaches its height 
in from two to six weeks. S. spi'nal at'rophy, pro- 
gressive muscular atrophy. 
Subaffectio, sub-af-fek'she-o. Hydropathy. 
Subagitatrix, sub-aj-it-at'riks (sub, agito, to agitate). 
One who practises tribadism. 
Subala'ris vena. Axillary vein. 
Subarachnoid, sub-ar-ak'noid (sub, arachnoid). 
Subarachnoidean, under the arachnoid membrane. 
1049 
SUBCORACOID 
Term applied to various spaces situate between this 
membrane and different nervous structures, anterior, 
posterior, superior, and spinal subarachnoidean spaces. 
The fluid filling these spaces is called the subarach- 
noidean or cerebrospinal fluid. 
Subarachnoi'dal space of op'tic nerve. Interval 
between arachnoidal sheath and optic nerve. 
Subatloideus, sub-at-lo-id-a'us. Situate beneath 
the atlas or first cervical vertebra. The second pair 
of cervical nerves. 
Subaxoideus, sub-aks-o-id-a'us. Below the axis or 
vertebra dentata. The third pair of cervical nerves. 
Subazo'tas bismu'thicus. Bismuth subnitrate. 
Subbo'ras na'tricum. Borax. 
Subbrachycephalic, sub-brak-e-sef-al'ik. Having 
cephalic index from 80° to 84°. 
Subbromhy'dras quin'icus. Hydrobromate of 
quinine. 
Subcse'cal fos'sa. Pouch sometimes found in the 
peritoneum behind the caecum, running up into the 
folds of the mesocolon. 
Subcar'bonate. Combination of carbonic acid 
with base, in which the latter is in excess. 
Subcartilagineum, sub-kar-til-aj-in'e-um {sub, car- 
tilago, cartilage). Hypochondre. 
Subcen'tral arch. Haemal arch. 
Subcerebel'lar ar'tery. Anterior inferior cere- 
bellar artery. 
Subchlo'ride of mer'cury. Mercurous chloride. 
Subchlo'ris cal'cicus. Calcis chloridum. 
Subclavian, sub-kla've-an {sub, clavis, clavicle). 
Under the clavicle. S. ar'teries are situate at the 
upper part of the chest and the lateral and lower' 
parts of the neck. The right arises at the corre- 
sponding side of the trachea, and comes off from the 
arteria innominata or brachiocephalic trunk. The 
left leaves the aorta at the end of the arch. Both 
extend as far as the superior surface of the first rib, 
in the space between the scaleni muscles, beyond 
which they take the name axillary arteries. The 
subclavian arteries run for some distance without 
sending off any branch. In the neighborhood of the 
first rib, however, they give off-upward, the verte- 
bral and inferior thyroideal; downward, the internal 
mammary and superior intercostal; outward, the 
transverse cervical or posterior' scapular, the superior 
scapular, and the posterior cervical or profunda. S. 
bur'sa, bursa subclavia. S. glands, lymphatic glands 
beneath arch of right subclavian artery. S. groove, 
groove on first rib for subclavian artery. Groove on 
apex of the lung made by the subclavian artery. 
Depression on the clavicle for subclavius muscle. S. 
lymphat'ic, axillary lymphatic trunk. S. mus'cle, 
Subclavius, is situate at the superior and anterior part 
of the chest. It is attached by its inner extremity 
to the superior surface of the cartilage of the first rib, 
and by its superior margin and outer extremity to 
the inferior surface of the clavicle. This muscle de- 
presses the clavicle and carries it forward. When 
the shoulder is fixed, it can raise the first rib. S. 
plex'us of lymphat'ics, anastomoses of branches of 
lymphatic subclavian trunk. S. tri'angle, see Tri- 
angles of the neck. S. veins are continuations of the 
axillary, and extend from the inferior extremity of the 
scalenus anticus, in front of which they pass, to the 
vena cava superior, which they form by their union. 
The right subclavian vein is very short, the left longer 
and broader. These veins receive the mouths of the 
internal and external jugulars, vertebral, and supe- 
rior intercostal. The left subclavian receives two 
veins more than the right-the left internal mam- 
mary and the left inferior thyroid. The thoracic 
duct opens into the left subclavian, the corresponding 
great lymphatic vessel into the right. 
Subclavicula, sub-klav-ik'u-lah {sub, clavicula, 
clavicle). The first rib. 
Subclavicula'ris. Subclavian. 
Subclavius, sub-klav'e-us. Subclavian muscle. 
Subcontin'ual fe'ver. Malarial fever. 
Subcor'acoid. Under the coracoid process; as the 
subcoracoid dislocation of the humerus. SUBCOSTAL 
Subcos'tal. Beneath a rib. S. ar'tery, superior 
intercostal artery. S. groove, sulcus costalis inferior. 
Subcrepitant, sub-krep'it-ant (sub, crepitant). See 
Rale. 
Subcruentus, sub-kru-en'tus (somewhat bloody) 
(sub, cruentus, bloody). Having the color and nature 
of blood. An epithet given to certain excreted sub- 
stances mixed with blood or having the appearance 
of blood. 
Subcrursei, sub-kru-re'e. See Cruralis. 
Subcrura'lis. Subcrurseus. 
Subcuta'nea col'll. Anterior jugular vein. 
Subcuta'neous (sub, cutis, the skin). That which 
is placed immediately under the skin. See Hypoder- 
mic and Hypodermatic. S. sec'tion, section of subcu- 
taneous parts, as of muscles and tendons. 
Subcuta'neus col'll. Superficialis colli. S. ma'lse 
(nervus), orbitar nerve. S. nu'chee, muscle of nuchal 
fascia. 
Subdelir'ium. Typhomania. 
Subdicrot'ic. Partially or obscurely dicrotic. 
Sub'dita (subdo, to put under). Medicines intro- 
duced into one of the natural apertures, as supposi- 
tories, pessaries, etc. 
Subditit'ia. Subdita. 
Subdolichocephalic, sub-dol-ik-o-sef-al'ik (dolikos, 
long, kephale, head). Having cephalic index of 70 to 
74. 
Subductio, sub-duk'she-o (sub, duco, ductum, to 
lead). Dejection. 
Subdu'ral. Under the dura mater. S. space, inter- 
val between dura mater and arachnoid. S. space of 
op'tic nerve, interval between dural sheath and optic 
nerve. 
Subectop'ic gesta'tlon (sub, ektopos, out of place). 
Gestation in which the ovum is implanted upon the 
lower1 zone of the uterine cavity. 
Subencephalon, sub-en-sef'al-on. Medulla ob- 
longata, pons Varolii, and corpora quadrigemina. 
Subepithe'lial lay'er of coch'lea. Layer of cells 
near inner rods of organ of Corti at exit of nerve- 
filaments of cochlea. 
Su'ber. Cork, the bark of Quercus suber or cork- 
tree. Family, Amentacese. Cork, when burnt, is ap- 
plied as a mechanical styptic to bleeding piles, etc. 
Surgeons use it for making tents. 
Su'berate. Salt of suberic acid. 
Su'beric ac'id. Acid once obtained from action of 
nitric acid upon cork; since found to be result of 
oxidation of several fatty matters. 
Su'berin. Trade name for finely pulverized cork. 
Su'berose or Su'berous. Corky. 
Subfronta'lis sutu'ra (sub, frons, forehead). Su- 
ture resulting from articulation of the os frontis with 
the nasal process of the superior maxillary bone and 
the proper bones of the nose. 
Subglenoida'lis. Accessory subscapular muscle. 
Subglossitis, sub-glos-se'tis (sub, glossa, tongue). 
Inflammatory condition of the lower surface of the 
tongue and the structures in immediate contact. 
Subhumeratio, sub-hu-mer-ah'she-o (sub, humerus, 
shoulder). See Catomismus. 
Subic'ulum cor'nu ammo'nis. Sigmoid convolu- 
tion of the cornu. S. promonto'rii, ridge of bone 
on medial wall of tympanum, extending downward 
from the promontory to the floor between the foramen 
rotundum and sinus tympaui. 
Subigitatrix, sub-ij-it-at'riks (sub, agito, to agi- 
tate). Tribas. 
Subinflammatio, sub-in-flam-mah'she-o. Subin- 
flammation. S. hep'atis, chronic hepatitis. 
Subinflamma'tion (sub, inflammatio). Mild degree 
of inflammation, so slight as hardly to deserve the 
name inflammation. 
Subintran'tes feb'res (sub, intro, to enter). Fevers 
primarily intermittent whose paroxysms approxi- 
mate, so that one paroxysm begins before that which 
preceded it has gone through its stages. 
Subinvolu'tion. Condition of retarded or imperfect 
restoration of the uterus to its original dimensions 
after delivery. 
1050 
SUBMAXILLARY 
Sub'ject (subjicio, subjectum, to place under). Corpse. 
Subjec'tive. Eelating to one's self; having no re- 
lation with external objects. S. sensa'tions, see 
Sensation. 
Subjee. Cannabis Indica. 
Sublatio (sub-lah'she-o) catarac'tse. Operation in 
which a cataract lens is depressed. 
Subligac'ulum (sub, ligo, to bind). Truss. 
Subligam'en (same etymon). A hernial truss. 
Subligatu'ra. Truss. 
Sub'limate, corro'sive. Hydrargyri chloridum 
corrosivum. 
Sublimatio, sub-lim-ah'she-o. Sublimation. Cloud 
suspended in the urine as it cools. 
Sublimation, sub-lim-a'shun (sublimis, high). Ope- 
ration by which dry and solid matters are volatilized 
and condensed at the upper part of a subliming appa- 
ratus. Calomel, sal ammoniac, etc. are commonly ob- 
tained by sublimation. The product of sublimation 
is a Sublimate. 
Sublima'tum corrosi'vum. Hydrargyri chlori- 
dum corrosivum. 
Sublima'tus corrosi'vus. Hydrargyri chloridum 
corrosivum. 
Sublime'. To expose to action of sublimation. 
Sublimed' sul'phur. Sulphur prepared from crude 
sulphur by sublimation. 
Subli'mis. Name given to certain muscles situate 
more superficially than their kindred muscles. These 
last have been called profundi or deep; the flexor 
sublimis digitorum is an example of the former. 
Sublingua, sub-lin'gwah (sub, lower, lingua, tongue). 
Uvula. 
Sublingual, sub-lin'gwal (sub, lingua, tongue). 
Seated under the tongue. S. ar'tery, with some, is 
the lingual; with others, a branch given off by the 
lingual opposite the genioglossus muscle, distributed 
particularly to the sublingual gland, mylohyoid and 
genioglossus muscles, etc. S. car'uncle, papilla be- 
hind lower incisor teeth, at which Wharton's duct 
opens. S. gan'glion, ganglionic group of cells scattered 
among fibres of sublingual nerve, near the S. gland. 
S. gland is seated in the substance of the inferior 
paries of the mouth, beneath the anterior part of the 
tongue. It is smaller than the submaxillary, of 
which it frequently seems to be only a prolongation. 
It is oblong, flattened, amygdaloid, and is covered by 
the mucous membrane of the mouth, beneath which 
it projects. This gland has 10 or 12 excretory ducts 
-Ductus Riviniani or Waltheriani-some of which 
open beneath the fraenum linguae, joining Wharton's 
duct, while others pierce the mucous membrane of 
the mouth separately. It has the same structure as 
the parotid. S. nerve, submaxillary ganglionic 
branch, which supplies the sublingual glands, the 
floor of the mouth, and gums. S. veins correspond 
to ranine artery, emptying into lingual vein. 
Sublin'guium. Uvula. 
Sublinguum, sub-lin'gwum. Epiglottis. 
Sublob'ular (sub, lobulus, little lobe). Placed un- 
der a lobe. S. veins of the liv'er, veins in which 
the intralobular veins terminate. By their union the 
sublobular veins form the hepatic veins. 
Subluxatio (sub-luks-ah'she-o) or Subluxation, sub- 
luks-a'shun (sub, luxo, to dislocate). Imperfect luxa- 
tion of a bone. See Luxation and Dislocation. Not 
infrequently used for a sprain. 
Submam'mary (sub, mamma, breast). Under the 
mamma or breast; hence submammary inflamma- 
tion, inflammation of the areolar tissue beneath the 
mamma. 
Submax'illary (sub, maxilla, jaw). Seated beneath 
the jaw. S. ar'tery, facial branch to submaxillary 
gland. S. fos'sa, depression on inferior maxillary 
bone in which is situate the submaxillary gland. S. 
gan'glion, small nervous ganglion situate opposite 
the gland. It seems to be formed by the superior 
branch of the Vidian nerve, and communicates with 
the lingual nerve of the inferior maxillary. Its fila- 
ments form a plexus penetrating the submaxillary 
gland. S. gland, Maxillary gland; salivary gland, SUBMENTAL 
smaller than the parotid, at the inner side of the 
ramus and body of the inferior maxillary bone, in 
the triangular space between the two bellies of the 
digastricus. Irregularly ovoid, and flattened on 
three surfaces, it has the same aspect and organiza- 
tion as the other salivary glands. Its excretory duct 
is called Wharton's duct, ductus Whartonianus or 
submaxillaris, and terminates at the side of the frae- 
num linguae by a very small orifice called the ductus 
inferior. S. re'gion, space between the hyoid bone 
and lower jaw. S. tri'angle, see Triangles of the 
neck. S. vein, tributaries of facial vein from sub- 
maxillary gland. 
Submenztal (sub, mentum, chin). Situate under the 
chin. S. ar'tery is furnished by the facial, near the 
base of the jaw. It passes forward along the attach- 
ment of the mylohyoideus, to which it furnishes 
branches, crossing it to anastomose with those of the 
sublingual. Near the median line it bifurcates, to 
be distributed to the chin and muscles of the infra- 
hyoid region. S. vein, which accompanies the ar- 
tery, opens into the labial. 
Submerge' (sub, under, mergo, to dip). To place 
under the surface of a liquid; to immerse. 
Submersio, sub-mur'se-o. Submersion. Drowning. 
Submersion, sub-mer'shun (sub, mergo, to plunge). 
Act of plunging, or being entirely plunged, in a 
liquid. Asphyxia by submersion does not occur from 
a certain quantity of liquid being introduced into the 
alimentary or air passages, but simply from the inter- 
ception of air and of the respiratory phenomena. It is 
a case of suffocation, the signs of which on dissection 
are equivocal without circumstantial evidence. 
Submesaticephalic, sub-mez-at-e-sef-al'ik. Having 
cephalic index of 75 or 76. 
Submetallic, sub-me-tal'lik. Mineralogical term 
used to imply imperfect metallic lustre. 
Submissio, sub-mis'se-o (sub, mitto, missum, to send). 
Eemission. S. cor'dis, systole. 
Submu'cous (sub, mucus). Under a mucous mem- 
brane, as the submucous areolar tissue. 
Submu'rias ammoni'aco-hydrargyr'icus. Hydrar- 
gyrum praecipitatum. 
Submu'riate. Combination of hydrochloric acid 
with a base, in which the latter is in excess. 
Submus'cular (sub, musculus, muscle). Seated be- 
neath muscles or a muscular layer. 
Subna'sal point. In craniometry applied to the 
centre of the inferior border of the anterior nasal 
aperture. 
Subni'tras. Subnitrate. S. bismuth'icus, bis- 
muth subnitrate. S. hydrargyro'sus, basic mercu- 
rous nitrate. 
Subni'trate. Salt of nitric acid having an excess 
of base. 
Subnor'mal. Below the usual. 
Suboccip'ital (sub, occiput). Situate under the 
occiput. S. an'gle, formed by lines drawn from 
auricular point to inion and opisthion. S. glands, 
lymphatic glands near superior oblique line of occip- 
ital bone. S. nerve, occipital nerve. 
Suboccipita'lis. Transversus nuchse. 
Suboccipitobregmat'ic diam'eter. Diameter from 
point midway between occipital protuberance and for- 
amen magnum to bregma, about 3| inches in foetus 
at term. 
Subopercular, sub-o-pur'ku-lar. Term used to 
denote one of four opercular bones which is below 
both the interopercular and preopercular. 
Subor'bitar (sub, orbita, orbit). Seated beneath the 
orbitar cavity. S. ar'tery proceeds from the inter- 
nal maxillary, from which it separates near the an- 
terior and superior part of the zygomatic fossa. It 
enters the infraorbitar canal and passes through it, 
giving branches to the anterior and superior dental 
canal; issues by the foramen infraorbitarium, and 
divides, in the fossa canina, into a number of 
branches, which lose themselves in the neighboring 
parts. The infraorbitar vein follows the same course. 
S. canal', small canal running obliquely through the 
substance of the inferior paries of the orbit. It begins 
1051 
SUBSCAPULAR 
behind by a simple gutter, and divides anteriorly into 
two branches, one descending into the anterior' paries 
of the maxillary sinus, while the other passes out in 
the canine fossa by an orifice called the foramen 
infraorbitarium. S. fis'sure, fissure in the superior 
maxillary bone; the superior commencement of the 
suborbitar canal. S. fos'sa, canine fossa. S. nerves 
seem to terminate the superior maxillary. They 
issue from the infraorbitar canal by the foramen of 
the same name, and spread out in a radiated manner 
in the canina fossa, to divide into the superior or pal- 
pebral filaments, inferior or labial, internal or nasal, 
and external or buccal. 
Subordination (sub, ordo, order). Under control 
of another. Applied to organs controlled or depen- 
dent upon other organs. 
Subpari'etal sul'cus. Shallow furrow sometimes 
seen on median surface of the brain, continuing back- 
ward from the callosomarginal sulcus, following its 
general direction to the corpus callosum. 
Subpedun'cular lobe. Flocculus. 
Subperiosteal, sub-per-e-os'te-al. Beneath the 
periosteum. 
Subperitone'al (sub, peritoneum). Lying under the 
peritoneum. S. aponeuro'sis, subperitoneal fascia. 
S. gan'glia, see Spermatic ganglion. S. inflammation, 
see Parametritis. S. plex'us, union of visceral and 
parietal arteries in lumbar and iliac regions beneath 
the peritoneum. 
Subplacenta, sub-plas-en'tah. Decidua membrana. 
Subpleural, sub-plu'ral (sub, pleura). Situate under 
the pleura. S. mediasti'nal plex'us, numerous ves- 
sels anastomosing in the mediastinal space; branches 
of superior phrenic, internal mammary, bronchial, 
and intercostal arteries. 
Subpontine arteries. Branches from basilar ar- 
tery to lower edge of pons Varolii on the median line. 
Subpoplitaeus, sub-pop-lit-e'us. Popliteus muscle. 
Subpu'bic an'gle. Formed by union of the pubic 
bones at the arch. S. arch, a strong arch of the 
superior pelvic aponeurosis which completes the 
posterior orifice of the obturator or subpubic canal. 
S. fas'cia, triangular ligament of urethra. S. lig'- 
ament, dense triangular band which passes beneath 
the symphysis pubis and arches over the subpubic 
angle. S. mem'brane, obturator membrane. 
Subpubiofemora'lis. Adductor brevis. 
Subpubioprostat'icus. Compressor prostate. 
Subputris (sub, putris, putrid). Becoming putrid; 
slightly putrid. 
Sub'salt. Oxysalt containing a less number of 
equivalents of acid than of base, or in which the lat- 
ter is suboxide. 
Subscapular, sub-skap'u-lar (sub, scapula). Be- 
neath the scapula. S. an'gle, angle made at deepest 
part of the subscapular fossa by the ridge at the ax- 
illary border. S. ar'tery, large axillary branch dis- 
tributed to the scapular muscles and latissimus dorsi. 
The posterior branch winds around the axillary bor- 
der of the scapula and ramifies in the infraspinous 
fossa; the descending branch runs along the axillary 
border. S. fas'cia, continuous with the lumbodorsal 
fascia, and covering the anterior surface of the sub- 
scapular muscle. S. fos'sa, considerable excavation 
at the anterior surface or venter of the scapula, in 
which the subscapularis is seated. S. glands, lym- 
phatic glands along the subscapular artery. S. 
groove, shallow groove on costal surface of the scap- 
ula, affording attachment to the outer portion of the 
subscapular muscle. S. mus'cle, a muscle situate 
in the above-mentioned fossa. It is flat, broad, and 
triangular, is attached by its base to the subscapular 
fossa and to the anterior lip of the edge of the spine 
of the scapula, and is inserted into the lesser tube- 
rosity of the humerus. It carries the arm in rotation 
inward. It can also depress it and bring it toward 
the body. S. nerves, two in number: one arises 
from the brachial plexus above the clavicle, the other 
from the posterior aspect of the plexus within the 
axilla. They are distributed to the subscapularis 
muscle. SU BSCAPU LOCAPSU LARIS 
Subscapulocapsula'ris. Accessory subscapular 
muscle. 
Subscapulohumera'lis. Accessory subscapular 
muscle. 
Subsep'tate {sub, septum). Divided partially. 
Subse'rous {sub, serous). Under a serous mem- 
brane, as the subserous areolar tissue. 
Subserrate, sub-ser'rate. Slightly serrate. 
Subsidence. Sediment. Gradual disappearance 
of morbid symptoms. • 
Subsidentia, sub-sid-en'she-ah {sub, sedo, to settle). 
Sediment. S. pupil'lse, closure of the pupil. 
Subsistence {sub, sisto, to stand). Sustaining nour- 
ishment or food. Existence. 
Sub'stance, sesthesod'ic. See MJsthesodic. S., 
horn'y, see Tooth. S., hy'aline, cytoblastema. S., 
intercellular, cytoblastema. S., white, of Schwann, 
a hollow cylinder within the tubular nervous fibre, 
differing in composition and refracting power from 
the matter occupying the centre of the tube. 
Substantia adamantina dentium, sub-stan'she-ah 
ad-am-an-te'nah den'she-um (adamantine substance 
of the teeth). Enamel. S. cine'rea gelatino'sa, 
substantia gelatinosa. S. cineri'tia, see Kidney. S. 
compac'ta, see Bone. S. ebur'nea, see Tooth. S. 
ferrugin'ea, ash-colored substance produced by the 
existence of well-marked pigmentary matter in the 
fourth ventricle or rhomboid fossa. S. filamento'sa 
den'tium, enamel. S. fus'ca (brown substance), a 
name given to certain spots in the brain, also called 
substantia nigra, etc., which have a dark color from 
the presence of ganglion cells. S. gelatino'sa, trans- 
lucent posterior portion of the posterior horns of the 
gray matter of the spinal cord, the remaining portion 
being called substantia cinerea vasculosa spongiosa. 
S. glomerulo'sa, see Kidney. S. gri'sea central'is, 
see Medulla spinalis. S. hyali'na, cytoblastema. S. 
inter'na, see Kidney. S. ni'gra pedun'culi, see Pedun- 
cles of the brain. S. os'sea den'tium, see Tooth. S. 
ostoi'dea, see Tooth. S. perfora'ta ante'rior, locus 
perforatus anticus. S. perfora'ta me'dia, when the 
pia mater has been removed from the space be- 
tween the crura cerebri, termed the intercrural or 
interpeduncular space, the surface appears cribri- 
form, from the perforations of the numerous minute 
vessels penetrating it. This is the substantia perforata 
media of Vicq d'Azyr. S. perfora'ta poste'rior, see 
Tarini pons. S. pulpo'sa den'tis, dental pulp. S. 
radia'ta, stellulse Verheyenii. S. rhomboi'dea, cor- 
pus dentatum. S. rubicun'da, see Kidney. S. 
spongio'sa, see Bone. S. spongio'sa ure'thrse, cor- 
pus spongiosum urethrae. S. stella'ta serpenti'na, 
stellula Verheyenii. S. vasculo'sa, see Kidney. S. 
vit'rea, cytoblastema. S. vit'rea den'tium, enamel. 
Sub'stantive {sub, sto, to stand). An epithet ap- 
plied to aliments which are nutritious, in contra- 
distinction to adjective aliments, which are not pos- 
sessed of nutritive virtues, but impart to the digestive 
organs greater energy, so as to enable them to extract 
more nutriment from the substantive aliments. Meat 
is a substantive aliment; mustard, eaten with it, an 
adjective aliment. 
Substil'lum {sub, stilla, drop). Stillicidium. 
Substitute, sub'ste-toot {substituo, to put in place of 
another). Standing in lieu of something else. 
Substituted presentation. See Presentation. 
Sub'stitutive {sub, statuo, to place). That may be 
substituted or put in place of another. An agent is 
said to be substitutive which-as in the case of 
nitrate of silver applied to inflammation of a mucous 
membrane-substitutes a temporary irritation for one 
tending to be more permanent. Such a mode of 
treatment is termed substitutive medication. 
Substratum, sub-strat'um {sub, stratum, layer). 
Layer or stratum beneath another. 
Subsul'fas hydrargyr'icus. Basic mercuric sul- 
phate. 
Subsul'phas. Subsulphate. S. cinchon'icus, cin- 
chonine sulphate. S. cinchonid'icus, cinchonidine 
sulphate. S. quin'lcus, quinine sulphate. S. quin- 
id'icus, quinidine sulphate. 
1052 
SUCCINUM 
Subsul'phate. Sulphate containing more than one 
atom of base for one of acid. 
Subsultio, sub-sul'she-o (subsilio, subsultum, to make 
short leaps). Palpitation. 
Subsul'tus ten'dinum. Twitching of the tendons. 
Twitching communicated to the tendons by the in- 
voluntary and instantaneous contraction of the mus- 
cular fibres ; more observable at the wrist than else- 
where, and an evidence of great cerebral irritability 
and debility when occurring at an advanced period 
of fever. The muscular agitations or twitchings oc- 
curring in febrile diseases, especially of children. 
Subsurditas, sub-surd'it-as (sub, surdus, deaf). 
Deafness. 
Subtarsalis, sub-tar-sal'is (sub, tarsus, eyelid). Mus- 
cular fibres of orbicularis palpebrarum that pass be- 
hind the tarsi and do not reach the outer angle of 
the eye. 
Subtem'poral point. Point where the infratem- 
poral crest crosses the sphenotemporal suture. 
Subthal'amic tegmen'tal re'gion. Continuation 
of tegmentum forward under ophthalamic thalami 
as far as the corpora albicantia. 
Subthyroideus, sub-thir-o-id-a'us. Muscle formed 
by partial union of superior and inferior portions of 
thyro-arytenoid muscle. 
Subtrophic, sub-trof'ic (sub, trophe, nourishment). 
Relating or appertaining to defective nourishment or 
nutrition. 
Subu'beres (pl. of Sububer) (sub, ubera, breasts). 
Sucking children. Infants at the breast, in contra- 
distinction to Exuberes, or those weaned. 
Subunguial, sub-un'gwe-al (sub, unguis, nail). Be- 
longing to parts under the nail, as subunguial exos- 
tosis, an exostosis under the nail, of the great toe 
especially. 
Subvagi'nal space. Intervaginal space. 
Subversio (sub-vur'she-o) stom'achi (sub, verto, ver- 
sum, to turn). Vomiturition. 
Subver'tebra (sub, vertebra). Sacrum. 
Subver'tebrum. Sacrum. 
Sub'vola (sub, vola, the palm of the hand). Hypo-, 
thenar. 
Subzo'nal layer. Cell-layer in mammalian ovum 
at close of segmentation, lying next to the zona 
pellucida. 
Sue. As a prefix, under. 
Succago, suk-kah'go (succus, juice). The inspis- 
sated juice of plants, robs, jellies, etc. 
Succedaneum, suk-se-dan'a-um (succedo, to go un- 
der, to come in place of another). An epithet for 
medicines that may be substituted for others possess- 
ing similar properties. In dentistry, an amalgam for 
filling teeth. S. ca'put, see Caput. 
Succenturiatus, suc-cen-tu-re-at'us (succenturio, to 
fill a vacancy; hence to substitute or put in the room 
of). Substitute for another, as renes succenturiati, 
the suprarenal capsules; ventriculus succenturiatus, 
the duodenum, etc. 
Succhar, suk'kar. Saccharum. 
Sued, suk'se (pl. of Succus). Juices. 
Succidaneum, suk-sid-an'e-um. Succedaneum. 
Suc'cin. See Succinum. 
Suc'cinate (succinas), Combination of succinic 
acid with a base, as succinate of ammonia or of iron. 
Succinctu'ra (sue, cingo, cinctum, to gird). Dia- 
phragm. 
Succinctus, suk-sink'tus. Diaphragm. 
Succini resina, suk'sin-e res-e'nah. Artificial 
musk. 
Succin'ic ac'id. Acid of succinum; considered 
antispasmodic and diaphoretic in the dose of five to 
twenty grains. 
Succinum, suk'sin-um (succus, juice, because at one 
time supposed to exude from a tree). Amber, Yellow 
amber. A kind of fossil resin found on the shores of 
the Baltic, composed of a resinous matter, an essential 
oil, and an acid sui generis, used for affording its 
essential oil, oleum succini (Ph. U. S.), which has 
stimulant, antispasmodic, diuretic, and rubefacient 
properties. Oleum succini rectificatum, Rectified oil of SUCCISSA 
amber, was formerly officinal. S. cine'reum, amber- 
gris. S. gris'eum, ambergris. 
Succis'sa {succido, succisum, to cut, from its indent- 
ed appearance). Scabiosa succisa. S. praten'sis, S. 
succisa. 
Succis'us {succido, to cut down). In botany, 
abruptly broken off or having such an appearance. 
Succocollata, suk-ko-kol-lat'ah. Chocolate. 
Succollat'a. Chocolate. 
Succory (suk'ko-re), wild. Cichorium intybus; 
Chironia angularis. 
Succuba, suk'ku-bah. See Succubus. 
Succubus, suk'ku-bus {sue, cubo, to lie). Night- 
mare. Succuba is fancifully, according to some, a 
female phantom, with which a man in his sleep may 
believe he has intercourse-as incubus has been 
applied to the male phantom, with which a female 
may dream she is similarly situate. See Incubus. 
Succulent, suk'u-lent. Juicy, as succulent vege- 
tables. 
Succus, suk'kus {sugo, suctum, to suck). Juice. 
Fluid obtained by pressing plants, flesh, etc., succus 
expressus. Succus (Ph. Br.) is the expressed juice 
of fresh plants by the addition of one-third of their 
bulk of alcohol. Succus is also applied to cer- 
tain animal fluids, as S. gastricus, gastric juice, S. 
entericus, intestinal juice, etc. S. aca'cise German'- 
icse inspissa'tus, see Prunus spinosa. S. aca'cise 
nostra'tis, see Prunus spinosa. S. ar'borum, sap. 
S. auran'tii, see Citrus aurantium. S. belladon'- 
nse, juice of belladonna (fresh leaves and young 
branches of belladonna, ; rectified spirit, q. s.; 
Ph. Br.). S. coni'! (Ph. Br.), Juice of conium, J. of 
hemlock; made like S. belladonnse. S. Cyrena'icus, 
laserpitium. S. enter'icus, Intestinal or Enteric juice 
or fluid; fluid copiously secreted from the lining mem- 
brane of the small intestines; see Intestine. S. ex- 
pres'sus, expressed juice of plants. S. gas'tricus, 
gastric juice; see Stomach. S. glycyrrhi'zae, ex- 
tractum glycyrrhizse. S. hyoscy'ami (Ph. Br.), made 
like S. belladonnse. S. hypocist'idis, see Cytinus. 
S. intestina'lis, succus entericus. S. Japon'icus, 
catechu. S. junip'eri inspissa'tus, inspissated juice 
of fresh juniper berries. S. limo'nis, see Citrus 
medica. S. liquirit'ise, extractum glycyrrhizm. S. 
liquirit'ise depura'tus, cold evaporated infusion of 
licorice root. S. muscula'ris, muscle-juice. S. 
ner'veus, nervous fluid. S. nutrit'ius, chyle. S. 
or'ni concre'tus, see Fraxinus ornus. S. pancreat'- 
icus, see Pancreas. S. scopa'rii (Ph. Br.), Juice of 
broom; diuretic; generally used as adjuvant to other 
diuretics. S. spissa'tus aconi'ti napel'li, extractum 
aconiti. S. spissa'tus at'ropse belladon'nae, ex- 
tractum belladonnse. S. spissa'tus coni'i macula'- 
ti, extractum cicutae. S. spissa'tus hyoscy'ami 
ni'gri, extractum hyoscyami. S. spissa'tus lactu'- 
cse sati'vae, extractum lactucae. S. tarax'aci (Ph. 
Br.), tonic, diuretic, aperient, and cholagogue. S. 
Theba'icus, opium. 
Succussion, suk-kush'un (succutio, succussum, to 
shake from beneath). Mode of ascertaining the ex- 
istence of a fluid in the thorax-fluctuation by suc- 
cussion-by giving the body one or more slight 
shakes. Ballottement. 
Suchor, su'kor. Saccharum. 
Sucinum, suk'in-um. Succinum. 
Suck'ing {sugo, suctum, to suck). Act of drawing 
liquid into the mouth by forming a vacuum with 
the tongue acting as a piston, during inspiration. S. 
bot'tle, bottle so formed that, when filled with milk, 
it can be sucked from instead of the breast. S. 
child, a suckling. 
Suckle, suk'l. To give suck; to nurse. 
Suck'ling. Lactation; a sucking child; Lonicera 
periclymenum. 
Su'crose. See Saccharum. 
Suctio, suk'she-o {sugo, suctum, to suck). Sucking. 
Suc'tlon. Sucking. A method of extraction of 
cataract; see Cataract. S. pow'er, the force presumed 
to be exerted on the blood in the veins by the active 
dilatation of the heart. See Derivation. 
1053 
SUFFERING 
Suctoria, suk-to're-ah (sugo, suctum, to suck). Ani- 
mals provided with mouths for sucking. Also or- 
gans for sucking or adhesion ; hence termed suctorial, 
as suctorial oscula or mouths. 
Suctorial, suk-to're-al. See Suctoria. 
Suc'tus. Sucking. 
Sucus, su'kus. Succus or juice. 
Sudamina, su-dam'in-ah (pl. of Sudamen) (sudor). 
Small vesicles appearing upon the skin, especially in 
the summer-time, in hot countries, and in diseases 
attended with much sweating; Sweat-vesicles. It is a 
miliary eruption. See Miliary fever, Desudatio, Lichen 
tropicus. S. al'ba, form in which the epidermis form- 
ing a vesicle is macerated, its contents having a milky 
appearance. S. crystal'lina, form in which vesic- 
ular contents are clear. S. malig'na, miliaria. S. 
ru'bra, form in which the vesicles have a reddish 
base. 
Suda'rium. Sweating room in the ancient bagnios. 
Sudatio (su-dah'she-o) or Suda'tion. Sweating. 
Sudatiuncula, su-dat-e-un'ku-lah (dim. of Suda- 
tio). Sweating, 
Sudatoria, su-dat-o're-ah. Sweating. S. malig'na, 
see Sudor Anglicus. S. milia'ria, miliary fever. 
Sudato'rium or Su'datory. Sweating room in the 
ancient bagnios. As an adjective, anything exciting 
or accompanying sweating. 
Su'dor. The product of cutaneous transpiration 
when visible on the surface of the body. It is color- 
less, of an odor more or less strong and variable, and 
of a saline taste. It is composed of water, lactic 
acid, sodium lactate, animal matter, sodium chloride, 
potassium chloride, earthy phosphate, and oxide of 
iron. Miliary fever. S. An'glicus, Sweating sickness, 
Sweating fever ; severe epidemic disease, characterized 
by profuse sweating, which appeared in England in 
1486, and recurred at different times until about the 
middle of the sixteenth century. It was accom- 
panied with coldness, excessive prostration of 
strength, palpitation, frequency and inequality of 
the pulse, etc., and terminated, favorably or unfavor- 
ably, in the course of twenty-four hours. A form in 
which the perspiration was of a black color was called 
Sudor Anglicus niger, Black English sweating sickness 
or fever. S. colliquati'vus, S. profusus. S. cruen'- 
tus, Sweating of blood, Bloody sweat, Hemorrhage from 
the skin; cutaneous perspiration intermixed with 
blood. S. dul'cis, a discharge of saccharine matter 
by perspiration. S. lac'teus, sweating of milk. S. 
loca'lis, meridrosis. S. milia'ris, miliary fever ; sudor 
Anglicus. S. partia'lis, partial perspiration. S. 
pericar'dicus, miliaris sudatoria ; an epidemic dis- 
ease which appeared several times in Picardy; the 
principal symptoms were profuse sweats and miliary 
eruption. The disease recurred in 1821, and consisted 
of a simultaneous state of inflammation of various 
tissues. It was proposed to class it with variola, 
scarlatina, and measles. S. profu'sus, profuse or im- 
moderate sweat. S. sabulo'sus, sweating of granular 
urine. S. sanguin'eus, sudor cruentus. S. universa'- 
lis, sweating over the whole body. S. urino'sus, 
urinous sweating. 
Sudo'ral diarrhce'a. See Diarrhoea. S. exanthem'- 
ata, cutaneous eruptions concurrent with profuse per- 
spirations, in young children especially. 
Sudor'ifer. Sudoriferous; sudorific. 
Sudoriferous, su-dor-if'er-us (sudor, fero, to carry). 
Sudatory. That which carries sweat, as the sudorifer- 
ous ducts or glands. 
Sudorific, su-dor-if'ik (sudor, facio, to make). 
Medicine provoking sweating; see Diaphoretic. 
Sudoriparous, su-dor-ip'ar-us (sudor, pario, to pro- 
duce). See Perspiration. S. glands, sweat-glands of 
the skin, consisting of minute coiled tubes situate 
in the subcutaneous areolar tissue. 
Sudo'ris nul'litas. Absence or deficiency of sweat. 
S. priva'tio, absence or deficiency of sweat. S. sup- 
pres'sio, suppression of sweat. 
Su'et. Sevum. 
Suf. As a prefix, Sub. 
Suffering (suf, fero, to bear). Any painful feeling SUFFIMEN 
produced by a general or local pathological condi- 
tion. 
Sufflmen, suf-fe'men. Suflimentum. 
Sufflmentum, suf-fim-en'tum (suffio, to perfume). 
Perfume; fumigation. 
Suffltio, suf-fish'e-o. Fumigation. 
Suffltus, suf-fe'tus. Fumigation. 
Sufflatio, suf-flah'she-o (suf, flo, flatum, to blow). 
Puffiness. 
Suffocatio, suf-fo-kah'she-o. Suffocation; orthop- 
noea. S. hypochondri'aca, hypochondriasis. S. hys- 
terica, angone. S. mulie'rum, hysteria. S. strid'- 
ula, cynanche trachealis. S. uteri'na, angone. 
Suffocation, suf-fo-ka'shun (suffoco, suffocatum, to 
stop the breath). Asphyxia, Melansema. Death, or 
suspended animation from impeded respiration, 
whether caused by the inhalation of noxious gases, 
drowning, hanging, strangling, or smothering. The 
principal morbid appearances in such cases are: the 
lungs of a deep-blue color, with the blood extravasated 
in the air-cells; right auricle and ventricle more or 
less filled with dark blood, as well as the neighboring 
veins; lividity of the countenance; turgescence and 
perhaps rupture of the vessels of the brain ; left side 
of the heart containing much less blood. The treat- 
ment of suspended animation by suffocation in gen- 
eral is as follows: The patient must be conveyed into 
a room not too warm; friction must be employed 
with salt or warm flannels; stimulating fluids, in a 
dilute state, be poured into the stomach by means of 
a tube, and attempts be made to inflate the lungs; 
laryngotomy, if necessary. For modes of resuscita- 
tion in cases of drowning see Ready method and 
Drowning, resuscitation from. The term suffocation is 
used, as strangling is, for threatened suffocation. It 
means the state of dyspnoea and oppression experi- 
enced when a sufficient quantity of air does not enter 
the lungs, or when the chemical phenomena of respi- 
ration are imperfectly executed, as in cases of asthma. 
Suffoca'tive catarrh'. Capillary bronchitis; 
asthma. 
Suffrage, suf-frah'go. The ham. 
Suffumigation, suf-fu-me-ga'shun (suf, fumigo, to 
produce smoke). Fumigation; perfume. 
Suf'fumige. Fumigation; perfume. 
Suffumigium, suf-fu-mij'e-um. Fumigation; per- 
fume. 
Suffuminatio, suf-fu-min-ah'she-o. Fumigation; 
perfume. 
Suffusio, suf-fu'se-o (suf, fundo, fusum, to pour). 
False sight; generic term for perversion of vision. 
S. aurigino'sa, icterus. S. bi'lis, icterus. S. col'- 
orans, chromopsia. S. congen'ita, see Cataract. S. 
dimid'ians, hemiopia. S. du'ra, see Cataract. S. ex- 
clar'ans, oxyopia. S. fel'lis, icterus. S. len'tis 
crystal'linae, cataract. S. metamorphop'sis, meta- 
morphopsia. S. mol'lis, see Cataract. S. mul'tipli- 
cans, see Diplopia. S. myo'des, metamorphopsia. S. 
ni'gra, amaurosis. S. oc'uli, cataract, pseudoblepsia. 
S. oculo'rum, metamorphopsia. S. ra'dians, scotas- 
ma. S. san'guinis, ecchymoma. S. ex vul'nere, 
see Cataract. 
Suffusion, suf-fu'zhun. Full to flowing over; 
spreading over. See Suffusio. 
Sug. As a prefix, under. 
Sugar, shoo'gar. Saccharum. S., bar'ley, penid- 
ium; saccharum hordeatum. S. beet, Beta vulgaris. 
S., black, extractum glycyrrhizte. S. can'dy, saccha- 
rum candidum. S. cane, see Saccharum. S. cane, 
Chinese', see Saccharum. S., diabet'ic, glucose. S., 
fruit, glucose. S. fun'gus, see Urine. S. of gel'atin, 
glycosin. S., grape, glucose. S., hepat'ic, see Sac- 
charum. S., hon'ey, glucose. S. of lead, plumbi su- 
peracetas. S., liv'er, see Saccharum. S., ma'ple, Sac- 
charum acernum ; see Acer saccharinum. S. of milk, 
Lactose, Lactine, or Lactin, obtained from whey by 
evaporation and crystallization. It possesses the de- 
mulcent properties of the sugars. S., mus'cle, ino- 
site. S. pine, see Arrow root. S., starch, glucose. 
S., u'rinary, glucose. S., va'rious, see Saccharum. 
Sug'arberry. Celtis occidentalis. 
1054 
SULCUS 
Sugar-coat'ed. Covered with a layer of refined 
sugar. Sugar-coated pills are prepared like the sugar- 
plums of the confectioners, and are much used in 
modern pharmacy, especially when the pills are com- 
posed of nauseous ingredients. See Dragee. 
Sug'ar-loaf stump. A conical shape assumed by 
the stump after amputation, presenting the appear- 
ance described by its name; due to excessive muscu- 
lar retraction. 
Suggestion, sug-jest'yun (suggero, to convey). That 
which is suggested. The subjection of a person under 
hypnotic influence to the wishes of another. See 
Hypnotism. 
Sug'gillated. Pertaining to suggillation. 
Suggillation, suj-jil-la'shun (sugillo, to beat black 
and blue). Bruise, Ecchymosis, and Ecchymoma. Also 
spots or ecchymoses occurring in consequence of in- 
trinsic causes in disease and in incipient putrefac- 
tion. It is common in dead bodies. To this last case 
it is, indeed, restricted by some medico-legal writers. 
An interesting question sometimes arises-whether 
the appearance has been induced before death or 
afterward, and whether it is a case of ecchymosis or 
of suggillation. 
Suggrundium, sug-grun'de-um (sug, gradior, to go). 
Eave of a house. S. oc'uli, superciliary arch. S. 
supercilio'rum, frontal protuberance. 
Suicida, su-e-se'dah. Suicide. 
Suici'dal insan'ity. See Suicide. 
Suicide, su'i-side (sui, csedes, murder of one's self). 
The act of killing one's self. Suicide is frequently 
the result of disease of the mind, the individual 
seeming to be irresistibly impelled to self-destruction, 
Suicidal insanity. Also one who commits self-murder. 
Suint. Wool-fat; peculiar fat found in sheep's 
wool, hair, feathers, etc. 
Sul'cated (sulcus, a furrow or groove). Deeply 
grooved or furrowed. 
Sulcatus, sul-kat'us (sulcus). Sulcated. 
Sulci, sul'se ([L.] pl. of Sulcus). Grooves. S. ar- 
terio'si, sulci for meningeal arteries of interior surface 
of bones of the skull. S. caroticotympan'ici, sulci for 
caroticotympanic nerves on promontory of middle 
ear. S. of cerebel'lum, these include the sulcus 
horizontalis magnus, sulci vermiculares, sulcus infe- 
rior lateralis, and sulcus collateralis inferior (which 
see) or great horizontal fissure along the lateral edges 
of the organ. S. cilia'res, ciliary sulci. S. collatera'- 
les medul'lse spina'lis, see Grooves, anterolateral and 
posterolateral. S. cubita'les, two grooves on either 
side of biceps tendon near the cubital fossa. S. longi- 
tudina'les cor'dis, longitudinal sulci of the heart. 
S. meninge'i, sulci for meningeal arteries on inner 
surface of the skull, especially upon the parietal bone. 
S. occipita'les, occipital sulci. S. poplite'i, sulci at 
the three principal angles of the popliteal space. S. 
supraorbita'les longitudinaTes, small longitudinal 
sulci on the orbital surface of the hemispheres. S. 
tempora'les, temporosphenoidal grooves. S. tem- 
pora'les transver'si, transverse temporal grooves. 
S. vermicula'res, sulci separating the vermis from 
either hemisphere, including the superior, anterior, 
and posterior sulci, being laterally directed on the 
superior surface; the inferior, anterior (sulcus of the 
flocculus), middle (also called anterior), and posterior. 
S. vertebra'les, vertebral grooves or sulci. 
Sulculus (dim. of Sulcus) labii superioris, sulk'u- 
lus lab'e-e su-pe-re-o'ris. Lacuna labii superioris. 
Sul'cus. Furrow; groove; groove on the surface 
of a bone or on other organs; also the vulva. See An- 
fractuosity. In the cerebral hemispheres the term is 
limited by some to those furrows which concern only 
the gray matter of the cortex; see Fissure. S. ala'- 
ris, sulcus between the movable and more fixed parts 
of the side of the nose. S. alveolobucca'lis, sulcus 
in mucous membrane of the mouth between the cheek 
and the gums. S. alveololingua'lis, sulcus in mucous 
membrane of mouth between gums and tongue. S. 
anterotempora'lis, median temporal sulcus. S. anti- 
bra'chiiradia'lis, delicate groove in the skin on outer 
side of a muscular forearm, showing interval between SULCUS 
the pronator and flexor muscles and the supinator 
longus. S. antibra'chii ulna'ris, similar groove on 
internal side of a muscular forearm, showing interval 
between flexor sublimis digitorum and flexor ulna- 
ris. S. aor'ticus, impression of aorta on surface of 
left lung. S. ad aquseduc'tum vestib'uli, fossula 
sulciformis; see Crista vestibuli. S. arcua'tus prse- 
cu'nei, groove on middle surface of hemispheres be- 
tween superior parietal convolution and posterior 
extremity of gyrus cinguli. S. arte'rise occipita'lis, 
occipital groove. S. arte'riae subcla'vise, subclavian 
groove or sulcus subclavise. S. atrioventricula'ris 
cor'dis, sulcus between auricle and ventricle. S. 
au'ris ante'rior, sulcus in outer ear between helix 
and tragus; incisura auris. S. au'ris poste'rior, 
slight depression in outer ear at junction of anti- 
helix and antitragus. S. basila'ris, basilar groove. 
S. bicipita'lis bra'chii, bicipital groove. S. bicipi- 
ta'lis exter'nus, external bicipital groove. S. bi- 
cipita'lis inter'nus, internal bicipital groove. S. 
calca'nei, interarticular groove. S. calcari'nus, cal- 
carine sulcus. S. callosomargina'lis, callosomar- 
ginal sulcus. S. callo'sus, sulcus between corpus 
callosum and gyrus cinguli. S. carot'icus, carotid 
groove. S. carotide'us, sulcus anterior to sterno- 
mastoid muscle, under which is the carotid artery. 
S. centra'lis, central sulcus. S. centra'lis modi'oli, 
central canal of modiolus of cochlea, continued as 
a slight groove on the lamina of the modiolus. S. 
cerebel'li supe'rior ante'rior, sulcus between an- 
terior and median lobes of superior portions of cere- 
bellum. S. chias'matis, optic groove. S. choroi'- 
deus, choroid sulcus. S. cin'guli, groove between 
the corpus callosum and the gyrus cinguli. S. cir- 
cula'ris cor'dis, auriculo-ventricular groove. S. 
circula'ris Rei'lii, S. between island of Reil and 
adjacent lobes. S. coe'cus, deep sulcus between 
olivary body and posterior border of pons Varolii. 
S. collatera'lis ante'rior medul'lae spina'lis, antero- 
lateral groove. S. collatera'lis cer'ebri, occipito- 
temporal sulcus. S. collatera'lis infe'rior, groove 
between the two portions of digastric lobe. S. col- 
latera'lis poste'rior, posterolateral groove. S. col- 
latera'lis postre'mus, paramedian sulcus. S. con- 
dyloi'deus, slight sulcus between condyle of occipital 
bone and jugular notch. S. corona'lis cor'dis or 
corona'rius, auriculo-ventricular furrow. S. cor'- 
porum quadrigemino'rum, median sulcus between 
the separating corpora quadrigemina. S. cor'porum 
quadrigemino'rum transver'sus, transverse groove 
or sulcus between anterior and posterior corpora 
quadrigemina. S. of cor'pus callo'sum, defined sul- 
cus on middle surface of the hemispheres, between 
corpus callosum and gyrus fornicatus. S. crucia'- 
tus or crucifor'mis, triradiate sulcus. S. cru'ris 
bel'icis, sulcus in middle surface of external ear. 
S. deltoideopectora'lis, slight groove on skin 
showing space between deltoid and pectoralis major 
muscles. S. denta'tus, sulcus hippocampi. S. digi- 
ta'lis poste'rior, groove caused by flexion of fingers, 
from radial to ulnar border of the hand, showing 
where the deep palmar arch crosses the third meta- 
carpal bone. S. digita'tus, groove on floor of de- 
scending cornu of lateral ventricle of brain, between 
the collateral eminence and hippocampus major. S. 
digita'tus ante'rior, groove for flexion of three 
outer fingers, on palm of hand, from root of index 
finger outward to ulnar portion. S. ethmoida'lis, 
sulcus for nasal nerve on posterior surface of nasal 
bone. S. extre'mus, vertical groove on middle sur- 
face of hemispheres near occipital end of calcarine 
fissure. S. floc'culi, sulcus of flocculus. S. forni- 
ca'tus infe'rior, sulcus cinguli and S. hippocampi 
united. S. fornica'tus supe'rior, callosomarginal 
sulcus. S. fronta'lis, frontal sulcus on cerebral sur- 
face of temporal lobe. S. frontolatera'lis, fronto- 
lateral sulcus. S. frontomargina'lis, frontomar- 
ginal sulcus. S. frontoparieta'lis inter'nus, calloso- 
marginal sulcus. S. grac'ilis, sulcus between the 
slender lobe and part of posterior lobe of cerebellum. 
R. grac'ilis cerebel'li, sulcus inferior posterior; see 
1055 
SULCUS 
Sulci of cerebellum. S. ham'uli pterygoi'dei, hamular 
groove. S. hippocam'pi, sulcus between hippocampal 
gyrus and fascia dentata. S. horizonta'lis tibiae, 
sulcus on the head of the tibia for insertion of semi- 
membranosus muscle. S. ili'acus, iliac groove. S. 
infe'rior ante'rior, groove between flocculus and 
digastric lobe and amygdala. S. infe'rior lateralis, 
groove between posterior and inferior lobes of cere- 
bellum. S. infe'rior media'lis, groove between di- 
gastric lobe of cerebellum and amygdala. S. infra- 
insula'ris, groove between island of Eeil and tem- 
porosphenoidal bone. S. infrana'tes, gluteal fold. 
S. infraorbita'lis, infraorbital groove. S. infrapal- 
pebra'lis, oculozygomatic line. S. inguina'lis, in- 
guinal furrow7. S. interarticula'ris calca'nei acces- 
so'rius or tali accesso'rius, groove between the 
median articular facet of the calcaneum and astrag- 
alus. S. interbrachia'lis, groove between anterior 
and posterior brachia of the corpora quadrigemina. 
S. interhel'icem et anthel'icem, navicular fossa. S. 
interinsula'ris, median sulcus seen in the island of 
Eeil. S. interme'dius, intermediate groove. S. in- 
terme'dius poste'rior or interme'dius posti'cus, 
paramedian sulcus. S. intertubercula'ris, bicipital 
groove. S. intraparieta'lis, intraparietal sulcus. S. 
Jacobson'ii, sulcus for tympanic nerve on promon- 
tory of middle ear. S. jugula'ris, sulcus for lateral 
sinus on internal portion of jugular notch, on the 
cerebral surface of the occipital bone. S. la'bii 
superio'ris, lacuna labii superioris. S. lacryma'lis, 
lacrymal groove on external wall of inferior nasal 
meatus. S., laryngopharynge'al, pyramidal sinus. 
S., lat'eral pharynge'al, pyramidal sinus. S., lat'- 
eral poste'rior, of the spi'nal mar'row, corresponds 
with the attachment of posterior roots of the spinal 
nerves. S. latera'lis, sulcus for lateral sinus along 
transverse ridge on inner surface of occipital bone. 
S. latera'lis ante'rior, anterolateral groove; mere 
trace on spinal marrow, marked only by attachment 
of filaments of anterior roots of spinal nerves. S. 
latera'lis dorsa'lis, posterolateral sulcus of spinal 
cord and medulla oblongata. S. latera'lis medul'lse 
spina'lis, see Groove, anterolateral and posterolateral. 
S. latera'lis mesenceph'ali, see Peduncular sulci. 
S. latera'lis poste'rior, posterolateral groove. S. 
latera'lis postre'mus, paramedian sulcus. S. lat- 
era'lis ventra'lis, antero-lateral groove of spinal 
cord and medulla oblongata. S. ligamen'ti spira'- 
lis, external spiral groove. S. lo'bi olfacto'rii, ol- 
factory sulcus. S. longitudina'lis, groove for longi- 
tudinal sinus on internal surface of occipital, parietal, 
and frontal bones. S. longitudina'lis cor'dis, crena 
cordis. S. longitudina'lis infe'rior, inferior vermi- 
form groove of the cerebellum. S. longitudina'lis 
supe'rior, superior vermiform groove of cerebellum. 
S. mag'nus cerebel'li or mag'nus horizonta'lis, 
great horizontal fissure; see Sulci of cerebellum. S. 
malleola'ris or malle'oli, slight sulcus for long pro- 
cess of malleus on tympanic portion of temporal 
bone. S. malleola'ris exter'nus or latera'lis, sulcus 
for peroneal tendons back of external malleolus. S. 
malleola'ris inter'nus or media'lis, sulcus for ten- 
don of tibialis posticus back of internal malleolus. 
S. media'lis frontoparieta'lis, callosomarginal sul- 
cus. S. media'nus, narrow groove on median line 
of lower jaw. S. media'nus fos'sse rhomboi'dese or 
media'nus si'nus rhomboida'lis, longitudinal groove 
of fourth ventricle. S. me'dius substan'tise per- 
fora'tse anterio'ris, slight groove between anterior 
perforated space and rostrum of corpus callosum. S. 
medul'lse oblonga'tae, basilar groove of occipital 
bone. S. meninge'us, meningeal groove. S. men- 
ta'lis or mentolabia'lis, mentolabial furrow. S. of 
Monro', shallow groove on side of third ventricle of 
brain, between anterior opening of aqueduct of Syl- 
vius and foramen of Monro, separating optic thalamus 
from infundibulum. S. muscula'ris flexo'ris lon'gi 
hallu'cis, incisura calcanei. S. muscula'ris tym'- 
pani, canal of the tensor tympani. S. mus'culi 
perone'i lon'gi, peroneal groove. S. musculo'sus, 
canal of the tensor tympani, S. mylohyoi'deus of SULCUS 
lower jaw, mylohyoid groove. S. nasolabia'lis, 
nasal line; naso-labial line. S. nasopalati'nus, 
nasopalatine groove. S. navicula'ris, groove on an- 
terior part of scaphoid bone of wrist; navicular fossa. 
S. obturato'rius, obturator groove. S. occipita'lis 
ante'rior, anterior occipital sulcus. S. occipita'lis 
infe'rior or occipita'lis lateralis or occipitalis lon- 
gitudinalis infe'rior, inferior occipital sulcus. S. 
occipitalis me'dius, middle occipital sulcus. S. oc- 
cipitalis transver'sus, transverse occipital sulcus. 
S. occipitotempora'lis or occipitotempora'lis in- 
fe'rior or occipitotempora'lis inter'nus, collateral 
fissure. S. oculomoto'rii, medial sulcus of the peduncle. 
S. olfacto'rius, olfactory sulcus. S. oli'vse, olivary 
sulcus. S. op'ticus, optic groove. S. orbitalis, tri- 
radiate sulcus. S. orbitalis intermedialis, inter- 
mediate orbital sulcus. S. orbitalis lateralis, lat- 
eral orbital sulcus. S. orbitalis media'lis, olfactory 
sulcus. S. orbitopalpebralis infe'rior and supe'- 
rior, grooves between the eyelids and orbit at the 
borders. S. os'sis carpa'lis pri'mi, groove for flexor 
carpi radialis on palmar surface of trapezium. S. 
os'sis cuboi'dei, peroneal groove. S. os'sis multan'- 
guli, groove for flexor carpi radialis, on palmar sur- 
face of trapezium. S. os'sis navicula'ris, groove on 
tarsal navicular bone. S. os'sis tarsalis quar'ti, 
peroneal groove. S. palati'nus media'nus, sulcus 
in hard palate corresponding to median palatal su- 
ture. S. palma'ris longitudinalis, line on palm of 
hand from middle of wrist to near space between 
third and fourth digits. S. palpebromala'ris, oc- 
ulozygomatic line. S. paracentralis, paracentral 
sulcus. S. paramedia'nus dorsalis, paramedian 
sulcus. S. parapyramida'lis, parapyramidal sulcus. 
S. parieta'lis, intraparietal sulcus. S. parietofron- 
ta'lis, precentral sulcus. S. peduncula'ris, great 
horizontal fissure of cerebellum; see Sulci of cerebel- 
lum. S. pedun'culi lateralis, S. pedun'culi me- 
dia'lis, see Peduncular sulci. S. perone'i, peroneal 
groove. S. perpendicula'ris exter'nus, superior oc- 
cipital sulcus. S. petrosquamo'sus, petrosquamosal 
suture. S. petro'sus infe'rior os'sis tem'porum, in- 
ferior petrosal sulcus. S. petro'sus supe'rior, sulcus 
for superior petrosal sinus on upper edge of petrous 
portion of temporal bone. S. pharynge'us latera'- 
lis, sinus pyriformis. S. pinnalis, sulcus alaris. S. 
pollicis, line on palm limiting the thenar eminence, 
indicating movements of flexion and opposition of 
thumb. S. postcentralis, postcentral sulcus. S. 
postoliva'ris, sulcus olivse lateralis; see Olivary sulci. 
S. praeauricula'ris, sulcus anterior to auricular sur- 
face of ilium, for anterior sacro-iliac ligament. S. 
praecentra'lis, precentral sulcus. S. praecentra'lis 
infe'rior, portion of precentral sulcus below the 
middle frontal convolution. S. precentra'lis supe'- 
rior, portion of the precentral sulcus above the mid- 
dle frontal convolution. S. precunea'tus, transverse 
occipital sulcus. S. praeinsula'ris, S. between island 
of Reil and frontal lobe. S. preoccipita'lis, anterior 
occipital sulcus. S. prerolan'dicus, precentral sul- 
cus. S. presyl'vius, presylvian sulcus. S. pro tu'- 
bd Eustachia'na, navicular fossa. S. pterygoi'des, 
pterygopalatine groove. S. pterygopalati'nus, pter- 
ygopalatine groove. S. pulmona'lis, pulmonary 
groove. S. pylor'icus, sulcus on outer surface of 
alimentary tube between the stomach and duodenum. 
S. radia'lis hu'meri, musculospiral groove. S. ra'dio- 
ulna'ris, upper line of carpal bones. S. ra'mi auric- 
ula'ris va'gi, auricular sulcus. S. rec'tus, olfactory 
sulcus. S. retroglandula'ris, cervix of the glans; 
see Glans. S. Rolan'di, fissure of Rolando. S. Ro- 
lan'dicus ante'rior, praecentral sulcus. S. sagitta'- 
lis, sulcus longitudinalis. S. scle'rae, depression on 
the eyeball at the junction of the cornea and sclerotica. 
S. scle'rae inter'nus, sulcus formed by external wall 
of Schlemm's canal. S. si'nus latera'lis, fossa sig- 
moidea. S. si'ntis transver'si, sigmoid fossa. S. 
sphe'no-ethmoida'lis, recessus spheno-ethmoidalis. 
S. spira'lis, musculospiral groove; sulcus or 
groove in the cochlea, separating the margin of the 
denticulate lamina from that to which the basilar 
1056 
SULPHAS 
membrane is attached. S. sta'pedis, groove on the 
concave surface of the stapes. S. subcla'viae or S. 
subcla'vius, subclavian groove. S. subparieta'lis, 
subparietal sulcus. S. subscapula'ris, subscapular 
groove. S. substan'tise perfora'tse posterio'ris, 
median groove on posterior perforated space. S. su- 
perior ante'rior, groove between lobulus centralis 
and monticulus and anterior lobe of cerebellum. S. 
supe'rior cerebel'li, superior median groove of cere- 
bellum. S. supe'rior poste'rior, groove between an- 
terior and posterior lobes of cerebellum. S. supra- 
callo'sus, callosomarginal sulcus. S. supra-insula'- 
ris, groove between island of Reil and frontal and 
parietal lobes. S. supra-orbita'lis, supraorbital sul- 
cus. S. supra-orbita'lis transver'sus, groove on or- 
bital surface of frontal lobe of hemispheres. S. ta'li, 
interarticular groove. S. tempora'lis interme'dius, 
intermediate temporal sulcus. S. trac'tus olfacto'rii, 
olfactory sulcus. S. transversa'lis, see Liver. S. 
transver'sus, furrow on the ampulla of a semicircu- 
lar canal where the ampullar branch of the auditory 
nerve enters; sulcus lateralis of occipital bone. S. 
triradia'tus, triradiate sulcus. S. tu'bse Eustach'ii, 
sulcus tubarius. S. tuba'rius, slight depression for 
cartilaginous part of Eustachian tube on petrous por- 
tion of temporal bone. S. tympan'icus, groove on 
concave surface of tympanic plate for attachment of 
membrana tympani. S. ulna'ris, ulnar groove. S. 
umbilica'lis, see Liver. S. ve'nse cav'ae, groove for 
vena cava on superior portion of right lung. S. ve- 
no'sus, furrow for a sinus of the dura mater on 
inner surface of bones of the skull. S. vertebra'lis 
atlan'tis, sulcus for vertebral and suboccipital nerve 
on superior surface of posterior arch of atlas. S. 
vertebra'lis latera'lis atlan'tis, sinus atlantis. 
Sul'fls. Sulphite. S. kal'icus, potassium sulphite. 
S. magne'sicus, magnesium sulphite. S. nat'ricus, 
sodium sulphite. S. potas'sicus, potassium sulphite. 
S. so'dicus, sodium sulphite. 
Sul'fur. Sulphur. S. depura'tum, washed sul- 
phur. S. joda'tum, iodide of sulphur. S. lo'tum, 
washed sulphur. S. praecipita'tum, precipitated sul- 
phur. S. sublima'tum, sublimed sulphur. 
Sulfura'tum stib'icum lu'teum. Sulphurated an- 
timony. 
Sulfuratus, sul-fu-rat'us. Sulphurated; sulphureous. 
Sulfure'tum. Sulphide. S. carbon'icum, carbon 
bisulphide. S. hydrargyr'icum, mercuric sulphide. 
S. na'tricum or so'dicum, sodium monosulphide. S. 
stib'icum, antimony sulphide. S. stib'icum aura'- 
tum, antimony pentasulphide. 
Sulphaldehyde, sulf-al'de-hide. Thialdehyde. Oil 
of offensive odor, produced by the action of sulphu- 
retted hydrogen on ethylic aldehyde in aqueous solu- 
tion. Hypnotic. 
Sulphaminol, sulf-am'in-ol. Thibxydiphenylam- 
ine. Yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Antiseptic, 
resembling iodoform in its applications. In diseases 
of the nose, in wounds, ulcers, etc., it is employed 
externally, and internally in inflammation of the 
bladder. It is used as an application to lesions at- 
tended with offensive odor. With menthol, creasote, 
eucalyptol, and guaiacol it forms sulphaminol men- 
thol, S. creasote, S. eucalyptol, and S. guaiacol, reme- 
dies employed in diseases of the nose and larynx. 
Sul'phas. Sulphate. See Sulphuric acid. S. alu- 
mina'ris, alumen. S. aluminicokal'icus, alum. S. 
aluminicokal'icus sicca'tus, dried alum. S. al- 
uminicopotas'sicus, alum. S. ammoni'aci cu- 
pra'tus, cuprum ammoniatum. S. ammonicofer'- 
ricus, ammonioferric sulphate. S. atrop'icus, 
atropine sulphate. S. cad'micus, cadmii sulphas. S. 
cal'cicus us'tus, calcined gypsum. S. chin'icus, 
quinine sulphate. S. cinchon'icus, cinchonine sul- 
phate. S. cu'prico-ammoni'acus, ammoniated cop- 
per. S. cu'pricus, copper sulphate. S. hydrargyr'- 
icus fla'vus, basic mercuric sulphite. S. kal'ico-al- 
umin'icum, alumen. S. kal'ico-alumin'icum exslc- 
ca'tus, dried alum. S. kal'icus, potassium sulphate. 
S. magne'sicus, magnesium sulphate. S. mercu'ri- 
cus, mercuric sulphate. S. mor'phicus or mor- SULPHATE 
phi'nse or morphi'ni, morphine sulphate. S. na'tri- 
cus, sodium sulphate. S. na'tricus sicca'tus, dried 
sodium sulphate. S. quin'icus or quini'nse, quinine 
sulphate. S. so'dicus, sodium sulphate. S. strych'- 
nicus, strychnine sulphate. S. zin'cicum, zinci sul- 
phas. 
Sulphate, sul'fate. Combination of sulphuric acid 
with base. S. of alu'mina and potas'sa, see AZamen. 
S. of alu'minum and ammo'nium, see Alurnen. S. of 
alu'minum and i'ron, double salt employed as a styp- 
tic, astringent, and vermifuge; recommended in 
chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. S. of cad'mium, 
compound of sulphuric acid and cadmium; astrin- 
gent and emetic. S. of lead, compound of sulphuric 
acid and lead. S. of magne'sia, see Magnesii sulphas. 
S. of nick'el, salt occurring in emerald-green crys- 
tals ; largely used in nickel-plating; recommended as 
a tonic in cases of obstinate periodic headache. S. of 
qui'nia or qul nine, see Quinines sulphas. S. of 
stron'tia, see Strontium. 
Sulphethylic (sulf-eth-il'ik) acid. Sulphovinic 
acid. 
Sul'phide. Combination of sulphur with another 
body. S. of an'timony, see Stibnite. S. of car'bon, 
bisulphide of carbon or carbonic bisulphidum. S. of 
i'ron, pyrites. S. of mer'cury, cinnabar. S. of zinc, 
blende. 
Sul'phidum. Sulphide. S. stib'icum, antimony 
pentasulphide. S. stib'icum nati'vum, antimony 
sulphide. 
Sulphindigotic (sulf-in-dig-ot'ik) ac'id. Resultant 
product of admixture of the solution of indigo in sul- 
phuric acid. 
Sulphion, sul'fe-on. Hypothetical body consisting 
of one equivalent of sulphur and four equivalents of 
oxygen; so called in reference to the binary theory 
of salts. 
Sul'phis. Sulphite. S. cal'cicus, calcium sulphite. 
S. magne'sicus, magnesium sulphite. S. na'tricus 
or so'dicus, sodium sulphite. 
Sulphite, sul'fite. Combination of sulphurous acid 
with a base. See Sulphurous acid. 
Sulpho-azotized, sul'fo-az'o-tized. Containing sul- 
phur and nitrogen. 
Sulphobacteria, sul-fo-bak-te're-ah. Bacterial or- 
ganism containing sulphur, growing in sulphuretted 
water. 
Sulphocarbol, sul-fo-car'bol. Aseptol. 
Sulphocarbolates, sul-fo-kar'bo-lates. Sulphophe- 
nates, Phenylsulphates. A class of salts prepared by 
heating together pure carbolic and sulphuric acids, 
diluting with water, and saturating with the base, as 
soda, zinc, etc. They are employed in diseases sup- 
posed to have a parasitic origin, as zymotic diseases, 
etc. Sulphocarbolates of magnesium, potassium, so- 
dium, iron, copper, ammonium, lead, calcium, quinine, 
zinc, etc. have been prepared, and several of them 
employed therapeutically; zinc sulphocarbolates as 
an injection in gonorrhoea, vaginitis etc., and a dress- 
ing to suppurating wounds, gr. and also inter- 
nally in diarrhoea in the same doses as the sulphate. 
Lead sulphocarbolate has sometimes been used in 
phthisis and zymotic diseases in doses of ten to sixty 
grains, and in smaller doses, as well as externally, in 
children, in stomatitis, scarlatina with severe sore 
throat, thrush, etc. Calcium sulphocarbolate has 
been prescribed in doses of five grains to young rha- 
chitic children. 
Sulphocarbol'ic ac'id. Sulphophenic acid. Phenyl- 
sulphuric acid. A compound soluble crystalline acid 
resulting from the union of hydrated sulphuric acid 
and pure carbolic acid. Its odor is similar to that of 
carbolic acid, and its action as a disinfectant and anti- 
septic is considered by some to be more potent than 
carbolic acid alone. See Sulphocarbolates. 
Sulphocarbonated, sul-fo-car'bo-na-ted. Contain- 
ing sulphur and carbonic acid. 
Sulpho-ichthyolic (sul-fo-ik-the-ol'ik) ac'id. Bi- 
basic acid obtained by treating ichthyol with strong 
sulphuric acid and washing with strong solution of 
sodium chloride. 
1057 
SULPHUR 
Sulphomethylic (sul-fo-meth-il'ik) ac'id. Acid 
produced by action of sulphuric acid upon methylic 
alcohol. 
Sulphonal, sulf'o-nal. Prepared by mutual action 
of anhydrous mercaptan and anhydrous acetone. 
Occurs in heavy, prismatic, colorless crystals, soluble 
in 20 parts of cold water, more soluble in alcohol. 
Action hypnotic, producing natural sleep; neither 
depressing nor anaesthetic in character. Used in 
iusomnia of the insane, delirium tremens, etc. 
Sulphophenates, sul-fo-fe'nates. Salts formed by 
the combination of sulphuric and phenic acids with 
bases, as soda, etc. See Sulpho carbolates. 
Sulphophenol, sul-fo-phe'nol. Aseptol. 
Sulphopicric (sul-fo-pik'rik) ac'id. Add 4 cc. pure 
sulphuric acid to 200 cc. saturated solution of picric 
acid ; after an hour filter, and dilute the filtrate with 
600 cc. of distilled water. 
Sulphoricinate, sul-fo-ris'in-ate. See Sulphoricinic 
acid. 
Sulphoricinated, sul-fo-ris'in-a-ted. Prepared from 
sulphoricinic acid or sulphoricinates, as sulphoric- 
inated creasote, S. salol, S. phenol, etc. 
Sulphoricinic (sul-fo-ris'in-ik) acid. Derivative of 
oleum ricini or castor-oil, used topically in the form 
of sulphoricinate, as of sodium, in oztena, tuberculosis 
of the larynx, diphtheria, etc. 
Sulphosalicylic (sulf-o-sal-is-il'ik) ac'id. White 
soluble substance, in crystals, obtained by action of 
sulphuric anhydride on salicylic acid ; employed as 
a delicate and exact test for proteids, albumens, pep- 
tones, fibrin, albuminous urine, etc. 
Sulphosin apisin. A peculiar ingredient of Sina- 
pis alba ; a white, bitter, soluble neutral substance. 
Sulphovi'nate of so'dium. A crystalline salt pre- 
pared by the action of sulphuric acid on alcohol at a 
specific temperature, carbonate of baryta being added, 
the resulting sulphovinate of baryta being neutral- 
ized by carbonate of sodium. Purgative in the dose 
of five or six drachms. 
Sulphovi'nic ac'id. Sulphethylic or ethyl-sul- 
phuric acid. An acid of syrupy consistence resulting 
from the action of sulphuric acid upon alcohol. Used 
as a solvent for iodoform, sulphur, naphthalin, cam- 
phor, chrysarobin, etc., and as a vehicle for these 
substances in cutaneous affections. See Sulphovinate 
of sodium. 
Sul'phur. Brimstone. Native sulphur is called 
rock and black sulphur. Sulphur, as we meet with 
it, is in rolls, Roll brimstone. A volcanic production 
obtained in large quantities from Solfatara, in Italy. 
Roll sulphur is impure sulphur melted and run into 
moulds. Sulphur combined with a simple body or a 
compound radical forms a sulphuret. S. al'cohol, 
mercaptan. S. antimonia'tum, antimonii sulphure- 
tum prsecipitatum. S. antimo'nii or S. aura'tum, 
antimony pentasulphide. S. caballi'num, see Sul- 
phur sublimatum. S., car'buret of, carbonis sulphure- 
tum. S. chlora'tum, sulphur, chloride of. S., chlo'- 
ride of, Dichloride or Protochloride or Hypochloride 
or Subchloride of sulphur, Bisulphuret of chlorine. One 
drachm of the liquid to an ounce of lard has been 
used in lepra, psoriasis, and other chronic cutaneous 
diseases. Ten drops dissolved in ether have been 
given in adynamic fever. S., dichlo'ride of, sulphur, 
chloride of. S. diox'ide, sulphurous acid. S., hypo- 
chlo'ride of, sulphur, chloride of. S. iodat'um, sul- 
phuris iodidum. S., i'odide of, sulphuris iodidum. S., 
io'duret of, sulphuris iodidum. S., liv'er of, potassii 
sulphuretum. S. lo'tum, Washed sulphur (sublimed 
sulphur treated with water and water of ammonia, 
so as to wash away any acid it may contain, and then 
drying it) ; dose, gr. xxx-5iij-iv. S. ni'grum, sul- 
phur vivum; see Sulphur sublimatum. S. oint'ment, 
mixture of sublimed sulphur and benzoated lard in 
proportions of 3 to 7 (Ph. U. S.). S. prsecipita'tum, 
Milk of sulphur, Precipitated sulphur; dose, 3j-iij. S., 
protochlo'ride of, sulphur, chloride of. S. stibia'- 
tum aurantia'tum, antimony pentasulphide. S. s. 
ru'brum, antimony oxysulphuret. S., subchlo'ride 
of, sulphur, chloride of. S. sublima'tum, Sulphur, SULPHURATED 
Sublimed sulphur, Flowers of sulphur. Sulphur of com- 
merce, sublimed in close vessels. Sulphur is possessed 
of stimulant, laxative, and diaphoretic properties; as 
a laxative it is used in hemorrhoidal and other affec- 
tions. In the itch, applied externally and taken in- 
ternally, it has been considered almost a specific, and 
it is a valuable remedy in most cutaneous affections 
that are local. Dose, -Jss to gij. Fseces or dregs left 
in the purification or sublimation of sulphur are 
called Horsebrimstone, Dregs of sulphur, etc., and are 
very impure, being used externally only. S., veg'- 
etable, lycopodium. S. wort, peucedanum. 
Sul'phurated. Containing sulphur in composition, 
as sulphurated antimony; see Antimonium sulphura- 
tum. S. cal'cium, see Calx sulphurata. S. potas'sa, 
see Potassa sulphurata. 
Sulphureous, sul-fu're-us. Sulphuretted, Sulphurous. 
Possessing the properties of, relating to, or contain- 
ing sulphur. 
Sul'phuret. See Sulphur. 
Sulphuretted, sul-fur-et'ted. Sulphureous. S. 
hy'drogen, see Hydrogen, sulphuretted. 
Sulphure'tum ammoni'acse. Ammonii sulphure- 
tum. S. ammo'nise hydrogenat'um, liquor fumans 
Boylii. S. kal'icum, potassii sulphuretum. S. lixiv'- 
186, potassii sulphuretum. S. stib'icum, see Anti- 
monium. 
Sulphuric (sul-fu'rik) acid. H2SOi. Oil of vitriol, 
Spirit of vitriol, Vitriolic acid. Inodorous ; has a strong 
acid taste, and is corrosive. S. g. 1.842 (Ph. U. S.); 
escharotic, stimulant, and rubefacient. Mixed with 
lard it is sometimes used in local pains and certain 
cutaneous affections. United with bases it forms sul- 
phates. S. ac'id, aromatic, acidum sulphuricum 
aromaticum (Ph. U. S. and Br.); dose, gtt. x to xxx ; 
properties are like those of diluted sulphuric acid, 
than which it is more frequently employed, being 
more agreeable. Elixir of vitriol. S. ac'id, dilu'ted, 
acidum sulphuricum dilutum (Ph. U. S. and Br.). 
Formed, according to the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, of 
acid, sulphuric, f.5,j ; aquae destillat., Its s.g. 
is 1.067. It is tonic, astringent, and refrigerant; dose, 
gtt. x to xx, largely dilluted; used as a gargle, half a 
drachm may be added to of water. Very dilute 
sulphuric acid was formerly termed Phlegma vitrioli. 
S. ac'id lemonade' is made by adding together sul- 
phuric acid, water, and syrup. Nitric and phosphoric 
lemonades are similarly prepared. S. e'ther, see E ther, 
sulphuric. 
Sul'phuris carbure'tum. Carbonis sulphuretum. 
S. chlo'ridum, sulphur, chloride of. S. dichlo'ridum, 
sulphur, chloride of. S. io'didum (Ph. U. S. and Br.), 
S. ioduretum, loduret or Iodide of sulphur. Employed 
externally in cutaneous affections; internally, in 
syrup, with potassium iodide in the same diseases, in 
scrofula, etc. 
Sulphurius, sul-fu're-us. Sulphureous. 
Sulphuro'sus. Sulphureous. 
Sulphurous, sul'fur-ous. Sulphureous. S. ac'id, 
Gas sulphuris, Acidum sulphurosum (Ph. U. S. and Br.), 
Sulphurous acid; its s. g. is 1.022; it is sometimes used 
in the gaseous, at others in the liquid, state. Sul- 
phurous acid gas is used to disinfect clothes, confined 
air, letters coming from infected places, etc.; also ex- 
hibited with great success in the form of fumigation 
in the treatment of certain chronic cutaneous affec- 
tions and of sciatic and rheumatic pains in general. 
If respired pure, it acts in the manner of violent irri- 
tants, and is not long in producing death. It has 
been considered to be fatal to the lower forms of ani- 
mal and vegetable life by denying them the oxygen 
necessary for their existence, and hence has been 
used as a parasiticide and to prevent fermentation, 
and likewise in zymotic diseases in general. With 
bases it forms sulphites, which have been employed 
in the cases for which sulphurous acid is indicated. 
Sulphites of sodium, potassium, ammonium, magne- 
sium, and calcium have been used, and some of them 
are official. Bisulphites are also resorted to, espe- 
cially that of lime, which is said to preserve oleagi- 
nous or fatty substances against spontaneous changes. 
1058 
SUPERCILIARY 
Hyposulphites are used for the same purposes and in 
the same doses as the sulphites. 
Sumach, su'mak. Ehus coriaria. S., Chinese', 
Ailanthus glandulosa. S., fra'grant, Ehus aromatica. 
S., moun'tain, Ehus copallina. S., myr'tle-leaved, 
Coriaria myrtifolia. S., poi'son, Ehus venenata. 
S., stag's horn, Ehus typhina. S., sweet, Ehus 
aromatica. 
Suma'tra camfphor. Camphor. 
Sumbul, sum'bul. Name of a root, Sumbul radix 
(Ph. B.), Muskroot, much employed in Eussia and 
Germany against cholera. Sumbul (Ph. U. S.) is the 
root of Ferula sumbul; it contains a strongly odorous 
principle like musk, and is regarded as an antispas- 
modic. S. ra'dix, sumbul root; see Sumbul. 
Sum'hulus moscha'tus. Ferula sumbul. 
Su'men (sugimen, the breast). Hypogastrium. 
Summation, sum-ma'shun. Local stimulation ap- 
plied to a muscle, producing tetanic contraction. 
Sum'mer catarrh'. Fever, hay. S. complaint', 
popular name in the United States for diarrhoea oc- 
curring in summer; often also made to include dys- 
entery and cholera infantum ; with some it means 
cholera infantum only. S. diseases, see Estival. S. 
fe'ver, hay fever. S. plant, winter worm, Sphseria 
Sinensis. S. rash, lichen tropicus. S. sa'vory, Satu- 
reia hortensis; aromatic herb used for culinary pur- 
poses. S. spots, ephelides. 
Sum'mitas cu'tis (summus, the highest). Epider- 
mis. 
Sum'mus hu'merus (top of the humerus). Acro- 
mion. 
Sun dew. Drosera rotundifolia. S. drops, GEno- 
thera glauca; mucilaginous, acrid plant, useful in cer- 
tain eruptive diseases. S. fe'ver, fever of tropical 
regions, which is probably a severe form of febricula 
or simple fever. S. flow'er, false, Helenium au- 
tumnale. S. flow'er, swamp, Helenium autumnale. 
S. flow'er, tick'weed, Coreopsis trichosperma. S. 
flow'er, tur'pentine, Silphium perfoliatum. S. pain, 
see Hemicrania. S. rash, lichen. S. spots, ephelides. 
S. stroke, coup de soleil; insolation. S. stroke, Egyp'- 
tian, coup de soleil; insolation. 
Sun'hurn. Ephelides. 
Sup. As a prefix, under. 
Supal'e. See Valeriana. 
Supellectile Diogenis, su-pel-lek'til-e de-oj'en-is. 
Palm. 
Supel'lex anatom'ica (supellex, household goods). 
Museum anatomicum. S. Diog'enis, palm. 
Su'per (L.). In composition, above. 
Superadd'ed teeth. Permanent teeth other than 
those replacing milk teeth. 
Super'bus (proud). Eectus superior oculi. 
Superchlo'ridum formyl'icum. Chloroform. 
Supercilia, su-pur-sil'e-ah (pl. of Supercil'ium, eye- 
brow) (super, cilium, tarsal cartilage). Eyebrows. Two 
arched eminences-convex above, and more or less 
prominent according to the individual-which lie on 
the superciliary arch of the os frontis above the eye- 
lids, and extend from the sides of the root of the nose 
to the temple. The inner extremity is more promi- 
nent than the outer. The eyebrows are covered with 
short and stiff hairs, which are directed from within 
outward and are commonly of the color of the hair. 
The skin in which these hairs are implanted rests on 
the orbicularis palpebrarum, the frontalis, and super- 
ciliaris muscles, which move the eyebrows in different 
directions. The eyebrows serve as an ornament to the 
countenance, and by covering the eye defend it from 
the impression of too strong a light. They direct the 
perspiration also from the eye. 
Superciliaris, su-per-sil-e-ah'ris. Corrugator super- 
cilii; superciliary. 
Supercil'iary (supercilium, eyebrow). Eelating to 
the supercilia or eyebrows. S. arch'es, S. ridges; 
two slightly projecting apophyses situate at the ante- 
rior surface of the os frontis, above the superior mar- 
gin of the orbits. They are separated by the nasal 
boss and covered by the superciliaris muscle, to 
which they give attachment. S. ar'tery, branch of SUPERCILIUM 
frontal artery to region above the eyebrows. S. ridges, 
superciliary arches. 
Supercilium, su-pur-sil'e-um (super, cilium, tarsal 
cartilage). Eyebrow. See Supercilia. S. acetab'uli, 
the edge of the cotyloid cavity of the os innominatum. 
Superconcep'tion. See Superfoetation. 
Superevacuatio, su-pur-ev-ak-u-ah'she-o. Exces- 
sive evacuation. 
Superfecundation, su-pur-fek-un-da'shun. See Su- 
perfoetation. 
Superfetation, su-pur-fe-ta'shun. Superfcetation. 
Superfibrination, su-pur-fib-rin-a'shun. Increase 
in amount or proportionate amount of fibrin in the 
blood. 
Superficialis colli, su-pur-fls-e-al'is kol'le {super- 
ficies, surface, collum, neck). Nerve formed by com- 
municating branches from the second and third cer- 
vical nerves, distributed to the superficial parts of 
the neck. S. vo'lse, branch of radial artery, supply- 
ing muscles of thenar eminence and anastomosing 
with the ulnar to complete superficial palmar arch. 
Superficies, su-pur-fish'e-ees. Surface. S. articu- 
la'ris arytenoi'dese, facet on cricoid cartilage for 
articulation of arytenoid cartilages. S. a. superio'ris, 
superficies articularis arytenoideae. S. a. tibia'lis, 
surface on upper end of fibula articulating with tibia. 
S. auricula'ris, auricular surface. S. a. il'ii, auricu- 
lar surface of ilium. S. conca'va and convex'a, con- 
cave under and upper surfaces of liver. S. costa'lis, 
costal surface. S. facia'lis, facial surface. S. fibu- 
la'ris, articular facet for fibula on bend of tibia. S. 
infratempora'lis, zygomatic surface. S. interptery- 
goi'dea, interpterygoid surface. S. luna'ta acetab'- 
uli, semilunar surface of acetabulum. S. 1. ra'dii, 
sigmoid cavity of radius. S. nasa'lis, nasal surface. 
S. orbita'lis, see Maxillary bone (superior). S. per- 
one'a, superficies fibularis. S. petro-occipita'lis, sur- 
face of posterior border of petrous bone, articulating 
with occipital behind jugular fossa. S. planta'ris 
pe'dis, sole. S. symphys'eos pu'bis, surface of pubis 
that is covered with cartilage for articulation with 
its fellow. S. tempora'lis, temporal surface. S. 
thorac'ica, costal surface. 
Superfcecunda'tio. Superfcetation. 
Superfoetatio, su-pur-fe-tah'she-o. Superfcetation. 
Superfcetation, su-pur-fe-ta'shun (super, foeto, to 
breed). Superfecundation, Superimpregnation. Con- 
ception of a fcetus in a uterus already containing 
one. Impregnation of a female already pregnant. 
The possibility of this has been denied, but there 
is abundant evidence to show that it may occur at a 
very early period of pregnancy. Twin cases may 
be of this kind of superconception. 
Supergeminalis, su-pur-jem-in-al'is (super, gemini, 
testicles). Epididymis. 
Supergenualis, su-pur-jen-u-al'is (super, genu, knee). 
Patella. 
Superhumerale, su-pur-u-mer-al'e (super, humerus, 
shoulder). The acromion; the upper part of the 
shoulder. 
Superimpregnation, su-pur-im-preg-na'shun. Su- 
perfcetation. 
Superinvolu'tion of the u'terus. Excessive invo- 
lution, leading to atrophy of the uterus by producing 
increased absorption. 
Supe'rior au'ris. Attollens aurem. S. rotun'dus 
clitor'idis, ischiocavernosus. 
Superlabia, su-pur-lab'e-ah (super, labia, labia pu- 
dendi). Clitoris. 
Superlactation, su-pur-lak-ta'shun. Excessive se- 
cretion of milk. 
Superligamen, su-pur-lig-am'en (super, ligamen, a 
band or tie). A fascia, bandage, or ligature by which 
dressings are retained. 
Superligula, su-per-lig'u-lah (super, ligula, tongue). 
Epiglottis. 
Supernatant, su-pur-na'tant. Floating on or above 
a liquid. 
Supernu'merary fin'ger (super, numerus, number). 
A finger more than the usual number. See Digitus 
super numerarius. 
1059 
SUPPOSITORIA 
Supernutritio, su-pur-nu-trish'e-o (super, nutro, to 
nourish). Hypertrophy. S. lie'nis, hypertrophy of 
the spleen. S. sple'nis, hypertrophy of the spleen. 
Supernutrition, su-pur-nu-trish'un. Hypertrophy. 
Superofrontal convolution, su-pur-o-fron'tal con- 
vo-lu'shun. Superior frontal convolution. 
Superoxalas kalicum, su-pur-oks'al-as kal'ik-um. 
Potassium oxalate. 
Superoxydum manganicum, su-pur-oks'id-um 
man-gan'ik-um. Dioxide of manganese. 
Superpositus medicorum, su-pur-pos'it-us med-ik- 
o'rum (super, positus, placed). Archiater or chief 
physician. 
Superpurgatio, su-pur-pur-gah'she-o (super, purgo, 
to purge). Hypercatharsis. 
Supersalt, su'pur-salt. A salt having an excess of 
acid. 
Superscapularis, su-pur-skap-u-lah'ris (super, scap- 
ula). Supraspinatus. S. infe'rior, infraspinatus. 
Supersedent, su-pur-se'dent (super, sedo, to sit). 
A medicine whose operation on any part or organ is 
to displace or prevent diseased action in that part or 
organ; an antiperiodic, for example. 
Superstibias potassicus, su-pur-stib'e-as po-tas'- 
sik-us. Antimonium diaphoreticum. 
Supervacuatio, su-pur-vak-u-ah'she-o. Excessive 
crisis or evacuation; a flux. 
Supination, su-pi-na'shun (supinus, lying on the 
back). The movement in which the forearm and 
hand are carried outward so that the anterior surface 
of the latter becomes superior. In pathology, the 
horizontal position on the back, with the head 
thrown back and the legs and arms extended. It is 
often a sign of great weakness. 
Supinato-extensor (su-pi-nah'to-ex-ten'sor) mass. 
Group of muscles on radial and dorsal surfaces of 
the forearm. 
Supinator, su-pin-ah'tor. That which produces 
supination. A name of two muscles of the forearm. 
S. bre'vis or mi'nor, supinator radii brevis. S. bre'- 
vis accesso'rius, brachiofascialis. S. lon'gus or 
ma'jor, supinator radii longus. S. lon'gus accesso'- 
rius, portion of S. longus. S. ra'dii bre'vis, a mus- 
cle at the outer and back part of the forearm. It is 
attached, on the one hand, to the external tuberosity 
of the humerus and to a small portion of the pos- 
terior surface of the ulna, and is inserted into the 
upper third of the outer and upper surfaces of the 
radius. It produces, by contracting, supination. S. 
ra'dii lon'gus is seated at the anterior and outer 
part of the forearm. It arises from the inferior part 
of the outer edge of the os humeri and from the ex- 
ternal intermuscular aponeurosis, and is inserted by 
a long tendon into the outer edge of the radius near 
the base of the styloid process. It causes the supina- 
tion of the forearm, which it can likewise bend on 
the arm. 
Supine'. Lying on the back. 
Suppedanea, sup-ped-an'e-ah (sup, pes, foot). Reme- 
dies, as sinapisms, which are applied under the foot. , 
Suppedaneus, sup-ped-an'e-us. Poultice to sole or 
the foot. 
Supplantalia, sup-plant-al'e-ah (sup, planta, the 
sole of the foot). Hypopodia. 
Supplementa epiploica, sup-ple-men'tah ep-e-plo'- 
ik-ah (sup, pleo, to fill). Appendiculse pinguedinosae. 
Supplement'ary. Term applied to accessory or- 
gans, as S. spleens, small bodies of splenic tissue found 
in neighborhood of the spleen. S. air, see Respira- 
tion. 
Support'er, abdom'inal or u'tero-abdom'inal (swp, 
porto, to carry). Broad bandage applied to the ab- 
domen so as to support and make methodical com- 
pression upon it. 
Support'ing cells. Name applied to group of cells 
in organ of Corti. 
Suppos'itor (sup, pono, positum, to place). An in- 
strument for the introduction of a suppository into 
the rectum. 
Supposito'ria (pl. of Suppositorium). Officinal 
name of suppositories. See Suppository. S. ac'idi SUPPOSITORIES 
carbol'ici cum sapo'ne, suppositories each of which 
contains carbolic acid, gr. j ; curd soap, gr. xv; glyc- 
erin of starch, gr. iiij (Ph. Br). S. a. tan'nici, sup- 
positories each containing tannic acid, gr. iij, and ol. 
theobromae, gr. xij (Ph. Br.). S. a. tan'nici cum 
sapo'ne, suppositories containing each tannic acid, 
gr. iij ; curd soap, gr. viiij ; glycerin of starch, gr. 
iiss; starch, q. s. (Ph. Br.). S. hydrar'gyri, mer- 
curial suppositories, composed each of ointment of 
mercury, gr. v, and ol. theobromae, gr. x (Ph. Br.). 
S. iodofor'mi, suppositories each of which is com- 
posed of iodoform, gr. iij, and ol. theobromae, gr. xij 
(Ph. Br.). S. morphi'nae, suppositories each of 
which contains hydrochlorate of morphine, gr. ss, 
with ol. theobromae, gr. ij (Ph. Br.). S. morphi'nae 
cum sapo'ne, suppositories each of which contains 
hydrochlorate of morphine, gr. ss; glycerine of 
starch, gr. iiss; curd soap, gr. viiij; and starch, 
q. s. (Ph. Br.). S. plum'bi compos'ita, supposi- 
tories each of which contains acetate of lead, 
gr. iij ; opium, gr. j ; and ol. theobromae, gr. xj (Ph. 
Br.). 
Suppos'itories. Suppositoria. S. of carbol'ic acid, 
suppositoria acidi carbolici. S. of glu'ten, non-ofli- 
cinal preparations used to mechanically excite action 
of the rectum. S. of io'doform, suppositoria iodofor- 
mi. S. of lead, com'pound, suppositoria plumbi com- 
posite. S., mercu'rial, suppositoria hydrargyri. S. 
of mor'phine, suppositoria morphinae. S. of tan'- 
nic acid, suppositoria acidi tannici. S. of tan'nic 
acid with soap, suppositoria acidi tannici cum 
sapone. 
Supposito'rium. Suppository. S. uteri'num, pes- 
sary. 
Suppos'itory (suppono, to put under). A solid 
medicine in the form of a cone or cylinder, usually 
intended to be introduced into the rectum to favor 
or to restrain evacuations or as an anodyne. The 
vehicle commonly used for the active ingredients is 
cacoa butter, or in Great Britain curd soap or sapo 
animalis. It may require admixture with wax to 
give the proper consistence. Tallow with wax is used 
at times; glycerin of starch, starch, or soap is also 
used. The application of a suppository is termed 
Balanismus. Uterine and vaginal suppositories are pre- 
pared for introduction into the uterine cavity or cer- 
vical canal and the vagina; made, like suppositories 
for the rectum, of cacao butter, with or -without wax, 
impregnated with the medicine to be exhibited, as 
acetate of lead, opium, morphine, tannin, etc. Gelatin 
and glycerin have been substituted for cacao butter. 
Urethral suppositories, medicated bougies, are also em- 
ployed. 
Suppres'sio al'vi (sup, premo, pressum, to press). 
Constipation. S. lochio'rum, suppression of the 
lochial discharge. S. lo'tii, suppression of urine. 
S. men'sium, amenorrhcea. S. menstruatio'nis, 
amenorrhoea. S. sudo'ris, suppression of sweat. 
Suppression, sup-presh'un (sup, premo, pressum, 
to press). Failure of excretion or secretion, as of 
urine. 
Suppu'rans. Suppurative. 
Suppurate, sup'pu-rate. To form or secrete pus. 
Suppura'tion (sup, pus). Purulence, Purulency, 
Gathering. Formation or secretion of pus. A frequent 
termination of inflammation which may occur in 
almost any tissue, caused by entrance of pyogenic 
micro-organisms into the tissues or fluids of the body. 
See Abscess and Pus; also Pyogenia. 
Suppurative (sup'pu-ra-tiv) or Sup'purant. That 
which facilitates suppuration. Suppuratives are gen- 
erally vesicants mixed with lard. S. fe'ver, fever 
accompanying suppuration. 
Su'pra (L.). In composition, above. 
Supra-acromial (su'prah-ak-ro'me-al) ar'tery. Su- 
perior acromial artery. 
Supra-auricular (su'prah-aw-rik'u-lar) diam'eter. 
Inferior parietal diameter. S. point, situated on 
zygoma above the external auditory meatus. 
Suprachoroidal (su-prah-ko-roid'al) space. Space 
between velum interpositum and fornix. 
1060 
SUPRASCAPULAR 
Supraclavicular, su-prah-klav-ik'u-lar. That which 
is above the clavicle. 
Supracostales, su-prah-cos-tal'ees {supra, costa, rib). 
Twelve small fleshy fasciculi, flattened, triangular, 
and with radial fibres, passing from the transverse 
processes of the dorsal vertebrse to the superior margin 
of the rib beneath. 
Supragenual (su-prah-jen'u-al) bur'sa. Subcrural 
bursa. 
Supraglenoid (su-prah-glen'oid) tu'bercle. Rough 
surface of attachment above the glenoid cavity for in- 
sertion of the long head of the biceps. 
Suprahepat'ic veins. See Hepatic veins. 
Suprahyoid (su-prah-hi'oid) aponeuro'sis. Fascia 
running between the hyoid bone and tendon of di- 
gastric muscle. S. re'gion, submaxillary region. 
Supra-inguinal (su'prah-in'gwin-al) re'gion. Tri- 
angular spape bounded by Poupart's ligament, rectus 
abdominis muscle, and horizontal line drawn through 
the crest of the ilium. 
Supralabialis, su-prah-lab-e-al'is. Levator labii su- 
perioris. 
Supramar'ginal convolution, gy'rus, or gyre. 
Convolution in parietal portion of brain, forming 
superior margin of posterior arm of Sylvian fissure. 
Supra-obliquus, su'prah-ob-le'kwus. Superior ob- 
lique. 
Supra-occipital, su'prah-ok-sip'it-al. Above occi- 
put. S. angle, included between lines from inion and 
lambda to auricular point. S. bone, squamous portion 
of occipital bone. 
Supra-omphalodym'ia {supra, omphalos, navel, duo, 
to mingle). See Somatodymia. 
Supra-or'bital. Situate above the orbit of the 
eye. S. arch, a curved and prominent margin of 
bone forming the upper boundary of the orbit, and 
separating the horizontal from the vertical portion of 
the bone. S. ar'tery, see Frontal. S. fora'men, notch 
or foramen completed by a ligament at the inner 
third of the orbitar arch. It gives passage to the 
supra-orbitar or superciliary artery, a branch of the 
ophthalmic, which ascends the forehead and is dis- 
tributed thereto. S. line, drawn horizontally just 
above root of external angular processes of frontal 
bone. S. nerve, branch of frontal nerve. S. notch, 
S. foramen. S. point, ophryon. S. ridge, S. arch. 
S. sul'cus, fissure on median aspect of frontal lobes 
parallel to lower border of that surface. S. vein, 
branch of facial running to the forehead. 
Supra-or'bitar. Supra-orbital. 
Suprapontine, su-prah-pon'teen. That which is 
above the pons. S. ar'teries, branches of basilar. 
Suprapubian (su-prah-pu'be-an) or Suprapu'bic. 
That which is seated above the pubis. S. nerve, in- 
ternal ramus of the inguinocutaneous branch of the 
first lumbar nerve; genitocrural branch. It descends 
almost vertically before the psoas muscle, and near 
crural arch divides into two branches, one of which 
accompanies the spermatic cord, and is distributed to 
the cremaster, scrotum, and integuments on the inner 
part of the thigh; the other issues from the pelvis 
with the femoral filaments, traverses the aponeurosis 
of the thigh, and is distributed to the integuments of 
the upper and anterior part of the limb. 
Suprarenal, su-prah-re'nal {supra, ren, kidney). 
Seated above the kidney. S. ar'teries supply S. 
bodies; derived from the aorta, inferior phrenic, and 
renal arteries. S. bod'y, renal capsule. S. cap'sule, 
renal capsule. S. nerves, branches to S. bodies from 
solar plexus. S. plex'us, formed by S. nerves from 
solar plexus. S. veins, from the suprarenal bodies, 
emptying into the vena cava inferior and the left 
renal vein. 
Suprascap'ula. Portion of base of scapula having 
separate centre of ossification. 
Suprascapular, su-prah-scap'u-lar. Seated above 
the scapula. S. ar'tery, branch of thyroid axis sup- 
plying supra- and infraspinatus muscles. S. bone, 
bone found in lower animals, corresponding to supra- 
scapula in man. S. fas'cia, deep fascia covering 
muscles of suprascapular region. S. fora'men, formed SUPRASCAPU LARIS 
by ossification of coracoid ligament. S. lig'ament, 
coracoid ligament. S. nerve arises from the fifth 
cervical, passes through the suprascapular notch, and 
is distributed to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus 
muscles. S. notch, at outer extremity of superior 
border of scapula at base of coracoid process. S. re'- 
gion, portion of the back above the scapula. S. veins, 
tributaries of external jugular from suprascapular 
region. 
Suprascapula'ris. Suprascapular. Supraspinatus 
muscle. 
Suprasemiorbicularis, su-prah-sem-e-or-bik-u-lah'- 
is. Orbicularis oris. 
Supraserra'tus mus'cle. Serratus posticus supe- 
rior. 
Supraspi'nal. Supraspinatus. 
Supraspina'ta fos'sa. Supraspinous fossa. A tri- 
angular depression above the spine of the scapula. 
Supraspina'tus. Supraspinosus, Supraspinalis, Supra- 
spinal, Supraspinous. That which is seated above a 
spine. S. ar'tery, branch of posterior scapular artery. 
S. fos'sa, supraspinata fossa. S. mus'cle, situate in 
the fossa supraspinata; attached, on the one hand, to 
the two inner thirds of the fossa supraspinata. and 
terminating, on the other, at the anterior part of the 
great tuberosity of the humerus. This muscle raises 
the arm. 
Supraspinosa (su-prah-spin-o'sah) ligamen'ta. Su- 
praspinal ligaments. These are two in number: 1. The 
dorsolumbosupraspinal ligament, extending above the 
spinous processes of the dorsal and lumbar vertebrae 
from the seventh cervical as far as the median crista 
of the sacrum. 2. Cervical supraspinal ligament, ex- 
tending above all the cervical spinous processes, and 
attached above to the outer occipital protuberance. 
Suprasternal, su-prah-stur'nal. Above the sternum 
or breast-bone. S. ar'tery, branch of the suprascap- 
ular artery to the skin of the upper part of the 
chest. S. bones, two small bony nodules occasionally 
found united by ligament and cartilage to upper part 
of sternum. S. nerve, one of the supraclavicular 
nerves. S. notch, depression at upper end of ster- 
num. 
Suprasternal'is. Suprasternal. S. fos'sa, de- 
pressed space in the neck above the sternum. 
Sur (L.). Supra. In composition, above. 
Sura, su'rah. Calf of the leg. The projection 
formed at the posterior part of the leg by the gas- 
trocnemius muscles. Also the fibula. 
Sural, su'ral. Eelating to the calf of the leg. S. 
ar'teries, inferior muscular branches of the popliteal. 
S. nerve, nerve formed by junction of external cuta- 
neous branch of the peroneal and the communicating 
fibular nerves. S. vein, subcutaneous vein of the 
calf of the leg. 
Suralis, su-ral'is. Sural. See Gastrocnemii. 
Surculi fellei, sur'ku-le fel'la-e (pl. of Surculus). 
Ducts which receive the bile from the penicilli of the 
liver and convey it to the hepatic duct. 
Surculus, sur'ku-lus (a young branch). A division 
of a ramus or branch. 
Surditas, sur'dit-as (surdus, deaf). Deafness. S. 
muto'rum, deaf-dumbness. S. verba'lis, word-deaf- 
ness; see Aphasia. 
Surdity, surd'it-e (surdus, deaf). Deafness. 
Sur'domute. One who is deaf and dumb; a deaf- 
mute. 
Surdomutitas, sur-do-mu'tit-as (surdus, deaf, mutus, 
mute). Deaf-mutism. 
Sur'dus. Deaf. 
Surfeit, sur'fit (surfait (F.), excess). Intemper- 
ance ; excess of any kind. Colic from overeating. 
Surgeon, sur'jun (cheir, hand, ergon, work). Chi- 
rurgeon. One who practises surgery or devotes his 
study, time, and occupation chiefly to that branch of 
medical science and art. In the Middle Ages the 
universities of Italy and Spain sent out educated sur- 
geons, as well as physicians, under the name ehirurgi 
physici. 
Sur'geon-apoth'ecary. One who unites the prac- 
tice of surgery with that of the apothecary. A gen- 
1061 
SUSPEN DICULUM 
eral practitioner, the ordinary medical man or fam- 
ily medical attendant in England; and when he com- 
bines, as he usually does, obstetrics with his practice, 
he is termed a surgeon-accoucheur, in contradistinction 
to the physician-accoucheur, who practises as a physi- 
cian and an accoucheur. See Apothecary. 
Surgeoncy, sur'jun-see. The office of a surgeon. 
Sur'geon-den'tist. Dentist. 
Sur'geon's ag'aric. Powder prepared from species 
of mushroom, Boletus laricis or B. igniarius, used as 
a haemostatic. 
Surgery, sur'jur-e. The part of the healing art 
relating to external diseases, and to injuries of any 
part or organ, their treatment, and the operations 
adapted for their cure. In Great Britain the sur- 
geon's office is called the Surgery. S., anaplas'tic, 
anaplasty; morioplastice. S., autoplas'tic, anaplasty; 
morioplastice. S., conservative, see Surgery, salva- 
tion. S., den'tal, dentistry. S., ma'jor, see Surgery, 
operative. S., military, that which relates to the opera- 
tions performed on the field of battle or subsequently, 
with the attention to be paid to the wounded, etc. 
S., mi'nor, see Surgery, operative. S., operative, in- 
cludes major surgery, comprising the capital or more 
important operations, and minor surgery, the lesser, 
or those of every-day occurrence. S., orthopse'dic, 
treatment of deformities; see Orthopsedic. S., plas'- 
tic, anaplasty and morioplastice. S., salva'tion, 
conservative surgery; that which looks rather to the 
preservation of a part than its removal. One ad- 
dicted to operating in almost all cases is sometimes 
called a knifesman. 
Surgical, sur'je-kal. That which relates to sur- 
gery, as S. anatomy, S. operations, S. instruments, etc. 
S. anat'omy, see Anatomy. S. fe'ver, see Fever, surgi- 
cal. S. kid'ney, inflammation of the kidney, usually 
purulent, secondary to disease or injury of urinary 
tract below. It is technically a form of acute suppu- 
rative nephritis. S. tuberculo'sis, tubercular lesions 
capable of surgical treatment. S. ty'phus, pysemia. 
Surinam (sur-in-am') bark. Bark of Geoffroya 
Surinamensis. S. quas'sia, bark of Geoffroya Surin- 
amensis. 
Surinamine, sur-in'am-een. See Geoffroya Surin- 
amensis. 
Surra, sur'rah. Disease of India attacking horses, 
mules, and camels; caused by presence of Spirochaeta 
Evansi in the blood. 
Surrecta alba, sur-rek'tah al'ba. Ranunculus 
flammula. 
Surrogatum, sur-ro-gat'um (sur for sub, rogo, to 
ask). Succedaneum. 
Surumpe, su-rum'pe. Retinal hypersesthesia; ob- 
served in the Andes. 
Sursumduction, sur-sum-duk'shun (sursum, upon, 
duco, to lead). Act of blending into one two images 
that are produced by placing a prism in front of one 
eye. 
Survival, sur-vi'val. Persistence of life. 
Survivorship, sur-vi'vor-ship (super, vivo, to live). 
In legal medicine, the probability that any individual 
has survived others in an accident which has been 
fatal to all; often an important question connected 
with the inheritance of property. 
Sus (same as Sursum, above). Prefix in certain 
Romanic words signifying above. 
Susceptibility, sus-sep-tib-il'it-e (sus, capio, to take, 
easily taking). Sensibility in its most enlarged ac- 
ceptation. Impressibility. 
Susceptible. Readily impressible. Liable to be 
affected by morbid influences. 
Susceptio intestinorum, sus-sep'she-o in-test-in-o'- 
rum. Intussusception. 
Susotoxine, su'zo-tox-een (sus, hog, toxicon, poison). 
C10H26N2 (?). Ptomaine from cultures of hog-cholera 
bacillus. See Ptomaines (table). 
Suspended animation. Temporary stoppage of 
some vital functions; asphyxia, syncope, catalepsy, 
trance. See Asphyxia and Drouning, resuscitation from. 
Suspendiculum, sus-pen-dik'u-lum (sus, pendo, to 
hang). Cremaster. SUSPENSA 
Suspensa, sus-pen'sah (sus, pendo, to hang). Cloud 
suspended in the urine as it cools. 
Suspension. Treatment adopted with good effect 
in some cases of chronic affection of the spinal cord 
to produce temporary extension by a process similar 
to that of hanging, support being given at the chin 
and back part of the head. 
Suspensorium, sus-pen-so're-um. Suspensory. S. 
hep'atis, suspensory ligament of the liver. S. tes'tis, 
cremaster. 
Suspensory, sus-pen'so-re. That winch sustains or 
suspends. S. band'age, bandage intended to support 
the scrotum in diseases of the testicles or in scrotal 
hernia. It consists of a kind of bag, fixed above to a 
cincture, and retained below by strings passing be- 
tween the thighs and fixed to the cincture behind. 
S. lig'ament of axil'la, part of deep layer of axillary 
fascia. S. lig'ament of clit'oris, dense band of fascia 
running from symphysis pubis to dorsum of clitoris. 
S. lig'ament of the lens, thin, transparent membra- 
nous structure between the vitreous body and the 
ciliary processes of the choroid, connecting the ante- 
rior margin of the retina with the anterior surface 
of the lens, and assisting in retaining the lens in its 
position. S. lig'ament of the liv'er, Falciform liga- 
ment, Broad ligament of the liver; triangular duplica- 
ture of the peritoneum, between the inferior surface 
of the diaphragm and the upper surface of the liver, 
continuous with the great falx of the umbilical vein. 
S. lig'ament of the mam'ma, fibrous processes pass- 
ing from the anterior layer of the superficial fascia to 
the integument and nipple, enclosing in their areolae 
masses of fat. S. lig'ament of odon'toid pro'cess, 
band of fibres connecting odontoid process of axis 
with margin of foramen magnum. S. lig'ament of 
the pe'nis, fibrocellular fascia, of triangular shape, 
extending from the anterior part of the symphysis 
pubis to the corpus cavernosum, which it sustains. 
S. lig'ament of pericar'dium, name applied to pro- 
cess of fascia covering great vessels of thorax and 
fusing with deep cervical fascia. S. lig'ament of the 
spleen, fold of peritoneum connecting the spleen 
with the diaphragm. S. lig'aments of di'aphragm, 
processes from prevertebral fascia to central tendon 
of diaphragm. S. lig'aments of duode'num, strong 
fibrous bands extending from right crus of diaphragm 
and tissue around cceliac axis to transverse portion 
of duodenum; said to contain plain muscular fibres. 
Suspensum urinse, sus-pen'sum u-re'ne. Cloud 
suspended in the urine as it cools. 
Suspiration, sus-pir-a'shun (s« for sub, spiro, to 
breathe). Suspirium. 
Suspiratus, sus-pir-at'us. Suspirium. 
Suspiritus, sus-pir'it-us. Suspirium. 
Suspirium, sus-pir'e-um. Sigh, Suspiration. A 
short, audible breathing: also voluntary contraction 
of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to restore 
the due relation between the circulation and respira- 
tion, or to free one's self from inconvenient sense of 
weight felt in the chest when much depressed. The 
sigh differs from the sob, the latter being involuntary 
and spasmodic; if accompanied with a vocal sound, it 
constitutes a groan. When the respiration, on auscul- 
tation, resembles sighing, it is called, by some, Suspi- 
rous or Suspirious. S. cardi'acum, angina pectoris. 
Sustentacular (sus-ten-tak'u-lar) fi'bres. Annular 
muscle of Muller. 
Sustentaculum, sus-ten-tak'n-lum (sws, teneo, to 
hold). Aliment. S. lie'nis, fold of peritoneum ex- 
tending from the diaphragm to the splenic flexure of 
the colon, indirectly supporting the spleen. S. ta'li, 
see Calcaneum. 
Sustentator clitoridis, sus-ten-tat'or clit-or'id-is. 
Erector clitoridis. S. pe'nis, erector penis. S. rec'ti, 
bands of unstriped muscular fibres passing from an- 
terior surface of the coccyx to the rectum, including 
the rectococcygeus. S. tu'nicse muco'sse, thin stra- 
tum of muscle-fibres between mucous membrane and 
internal sphincter of anus. 
Susurration, sus-ur-ra'shun (susurro to murmur, to 
whisper). Whispering. 
1062 
SUTURE 
Susurrus, sus-ur'rus. A murmur heard in diseases 
of the heart, over aneurismal tumors, etc. S. au'ri- 
um, tinnitus aurium. 
Sutela, su-ta'lah (suo, to sow). Suture. 
Suterberry, su'ter-ber-e. Xanthoxylum fraxin- 
eum. 
Sutorius, su-tor'e-us (sutor, a shoemaker). Sarto- 
rius. 
Sutter, sut'tur. Saccharum. 
• Sut'ton and Gull's disease. Arteriosclerosis. 
Sutura, su-tu'rah. Suture. S. abdomina'lis, gas- 
trorraphy. S. ardua'lis, coronal suture. S. biparie- 
ta'lis, sagittal suture. S. bregmatomastoi'dea, oc- 
cipitomastoid suture. S. clava'ta, quilled suture. 
S. corona'lis, coronal suture. S. cor'poris callo'si 
exter'na, see Raphe. S. cra'nii squamo'sa, squa- 
mous suture. S. cuta'nea, raphe of palate. S. den- 
ta'ta, see Suture. S. fronta'lis, frontal suture. S. 
frontoparieta'lis, coronal suture. S. harmoniaTis, 
see Harmony. S. imperfec'ta Web'eri, fine groove 
or suture on outer side of nasal process of superior 
maxillary bone. S. incisi'va, suture in the jaw dur- 
ing fcetal life, extending from the incisive foramen to 
the septum between the alveoli of the lateral incisors 
and canines. S. in'fra-orbita'lis, fine suture on or- 
bital surface of superior maxillary bone. S. in'fra- 
orbita'lis transver'sa, fine suture at times found 
running from S. infra-orbitalis to lacrymal notch. S. 
inter-endogna'thica, suture formed between pala- 
tine bones and between palatine processes of superior 
maxilla. S. interparieta'lis, sagittal suture. S. 
juga'lis, sagittal suture. S. lambdoida'lis, lambdoid 
suture. S. lepidoi'des, squamous suture. S. limbo'- 
sa, see Suture. S. longitudina'lis, sagittal suture. 
S. longitudina'lis imperfec'ta, S. imperfecta Weberi. 
S. mastoi'dea, suture formed by union of occipital and 
mastoid processes of temporal bone. S. mastoideo- 
squamo'sa, suture at times found on mastoid process 
of temporal bone. S. mendo'sa, squamous suture. 
S. no'tha, see Suture. S. obelae'a, sagittal suture. 
S. occipita'lis, lambdoidal suture. S. occipitomas- 
toi'dea, occipitomastoid suture. S. occipitoparieta'- 
lis, lambdoid suture. S. os'sium spu'ria, harmony. S. 
palati'na, S. inter-endognathica. S. parieta'lis, sagit- 
tal suture. S. parietomastoi'dea, parietomastoid su- 
ture. S. parietotempora'lis, suture formed by junc- 
tion of parietal and temporal bones. S. petrobasila'- 
ris, suture formed by junction of petrous portion of 
temporal and basilar process of occipital bones. S. 
petrosquamo'sa, suture found at birth between pe- 
trous and squamous portions of temporal bone. S. 
pro'rse, lambdoid suture. S. puncta'ta, suture, com- 
mon. S. pup'pis, coronal suture. S. rec'ta, sagittal 
suture. S. rhabdoi'des, sagittal suture. S. sagitta'- 
lis, suture between the parietal bones. S. serra'ta, see 
Suture and Sagittal suture. S. sphe'no-ethmoida'lis, 
formed by junction of sphenoid and ethmoid bones. 
S. sphenoparieta'lis, formed by junction of sphenoid 
and parietal bones. S. sphenotempora'lis, formed 
by junction of great wing of sphenoid and squamous 
portion of temporal bones. S. sphenozygomat'ica, 
formed by junction of sphenoid and malar bones. S. 
spu'ria, see Suture. S. squamo'sa, see Suture. S. 
tempora'lis, temporoparietal suture. S. transver'sa 
os'sis occip'itis, suture at times found separating 
upper from lower portion of squamous portion of oc- 
cipital bone. S. ve'ra, see Suture. S. Wormla'na 
ante'rior, lambdoid suture, upper portion. S. Wor- 
mia'na poste'rior, S. transversa ossis occipitis. S. 
zygomaticofronta'lis, formed by junction of malar 
and frontal bones. S. zygomaticosphenoida'lis, 
formed by junction of malar and orbital surface of 
great wing of sphenoid bones. 
Sutural, su'tu-ral (same etymon as Suture). Relat- 
ing to a suture. S. lig'ament, see Ligament, sutural. 
Suture, su'ture (swo, to stich). Sutela, Dovetail 
joint. A kind of immovable articulation, in which 
the bones unite by means of serrated edges dovetailed 
into each other. The articulations of the greater 
part of the bones of the skull are of this kind. The 
coronal, lambdoidal, and sagittal sutures are called. SUTURE 
true sutures, suturse verse; the two temporal are called 
false sutures, suturae nothse or spurise or squamosse. 
A dentated suture-sutura dentata-is one in which 
the processes are long and dentiform, as in the inter- 
parietal suture. In a serrated suture-sutura or syn- 
taxis serrata-the indentations and processes are 
small and fine, like the teeth of a saw, as in the 
suture between the two portions of the frontal bone. 
In the sutura limbosa there is, along with the den- 
tated margins, a degree of bevelling of one, so that 
one bone rests on the other, as in the occipitoparietal 
suture. 
Suture, in surgery, Stitch, is an operation consisting 
in stitching the lips of a wound to procure union. 
Union obtained by means of adhesive plaster simply 
has been termed sutura sicca or dry suture, in oppo- 
sition to the sutura cruenta or suture properly so 
called. The chief sutures are the interrupted suture, 
the quilled suture, the glover's suture, and the twisted 
suture. 
1. The Interrupted Suture is formed by pass- 
ing a needle, armed with a ligature, through the lips 
of the wound previously brought into contact and 
tying or twisting the extremities of the thread. The 
other stitches are made in the same manner. They 
are separate or interrupted. 
2. The Quilled Suture, Sutura clavata, Compound 
suture, is merely the interrupted suture when the 
ligatures are not tied over the face of the wound, but 
over two quills or rolls of plasters, or bougies, laid 
along the sides of the wound. It is used by some on ac- 
count of the less danger of the stitches tearing out, but 
is not much employed. The Clamp suture of Dr. Sims 
is a modification of this. It is formed by two cylin- 
ders of silver or lead, perforated at several points for 
the passage of small pieces of fine silver wire, pre- 
vented from slipping by perforated shot carried down 
upon them, pressed against the cylinders, and kept in 
place by being pinched with pliers. 
3. The Glover's Suture, Continued or Uninterrupted 
suture. Executed by introducing the needle first into 
one lip of the wound from within outward, then into 
the other in the same way. 
Various sutures have been proposed for union 
of the intestines in wounds thereof, as the Suture of 
the four masters, in which both ends of the intes- 
tines are stitched on a piece of the windpipe of some 
animal or on a cylinder of cardboard oiled; the 
Suture of Ramdohr, with ensheathing or invagination 
of the upper into the lower part of the intestine; 
the Suture of Bertrandi, which differs only from the 
continued suture in the ligature being passed through, 
not over, the margins of the solution of continuity; 
the Suture of Jobert, which is made by introducing 
the needle on the serous surface of the viscus, passing 
under the serous coat, and bringing the point out 
upon the serous surface again. This same process is 
then repeated inversely on the other side, so that 
when the suture ends are tied two flat serous surfaces 
are brought into contact. The Czerny-Lembert suture 
is this suture with addition of single row of separate 
sutures uniting the cut edges of mucous membrane. 
In Gely's suture two needles are inserted near the angle 
of the wound, then carried along the interior of the 
bowel, parallel with the wound, for the sixth of an 
inch, and brought out precisely at the same level. 
The threads are then crossed, each needle being 
passed through the puncture made by the other. 
Appolito's suture is made by using a needle with 
double thread, passing through all the coats of in- 
testine, making the thread appear in transverse 
direction to the wound from the outside, longitudi- 
nally to the surface on the inside, and the process 
repeated if necessary. Cushing's suture is a modifica- 
tion of that of Appolito; it is a right-angle continu- 
ous suture that passes through the serous and muscu- 
lar coats, but avoids the mucous coat. 
4. The Royal Stitch or Suture is the name of 
an old operation for the cure of bubonocele. It con- 
sisted in putting a ligature under the hernial sac, 
close to the abdominal ring, and tying that part of 
1063 
SUTURE 
the sac, so as to render it impervious by the adhesive 
inflammation thus excited. 
5. The Staple Suture consisted of a piece of steel 
wire shaped like a staple, the ends of which were 
ground to a triangular or glover's point. In using it, 
the points of the staple were brought through both 
margins of the wound, and then bent back. 
6. The Twisted Suture, employed chiefly to 
unite wounds of the cheeks and of the free edges of 
the lips. To perform it a pin or needle is passed 
through the edges of the wound, so as to keep them 
thoroughly in contact. A piece of thread is then 
wound accurately around the pin, from one side of 
the division to the other, in the form of the figure 8. 
Delicate rings of India-rubber have been substituted 
for the figure-of-8 turns, especially after ovariotomy. 
This form of suture is then called the India-rubber 
suture. The number of pins must, of course, corre- 
spond with the extent of the wound. This is the 
suture used in cases of hare-lip. The Button Suture, 
employed in vesicovaginal fistula, is a modification 
of this. 
7. The Loop Stitch of Le Dran has only been 
employed in cases of wounds of the intestines. For 
this purpose the edges of the wound are brought to- 
gether, and as many needles, with unwaxed threads, 
used as there are to be stitches. Each stitch is then 
made by passing a needle through the edges. All the 
ligatures belonging to one side of the wound are tied 
together and twisted so as to form a thread, which is 
fixed externally. 
8. The Implanted Suture is formed by pins ar- 
ranged parallel to the edges of the wound and im- 
planted in their substance. By means of threads the 
needles are approximated so as to bring the edges of 
the wound together. 
9. The Plastic Suture of Prof. Joseph Pancoast 
is a suture by tongue and groove. The groove is 
made by an incision in the part which is to receive 
the flap. The tongue is made on the flap by bevelling 
off the two surfaces, cuticular and adipose. The 
suture is made by passing a loop of thread, by two 
punctures, deep through the inner lip of the groove. 
The two needles are passed through the base of the 
tongue, and again through the outer lip of the groove. 
The two ends of the thread are then tied over a small 
roll of adhesive plaster, by which the tongue is, 
of necessity, forced deep into the groove. Four 
raw surfaces are thus firmly held in connection, 
making the union of parts, by this suture, a very 
certain process. In the Shotted suture perforated 
shot are used for purposes of compression in con- 
nection with wires and a metal bar through which 
a hole is drilled for the passage of the wires, or 
perforated shot are run over ends of wire and then 
clamped. 
Suture. See Sutura. S., anatomical, close union 
of the borders of flat bones. S., antisep'tic, ligature, 
antiseptic. S. of Bertran'di, see Suture. S., bipari'- 
etal, sagittal suture. S., but'ton, see Suture, twisted. 
S., clamp, see Suture, quilled. S., com'pound, suture, 
quilled. S., contin'ued, see Suture. S., coio'nal, 
suture between the frontal and parietal bones. S., 
Cushing's, see Suture. S., Czer'ny-Lem'bert, see 
Suture. S., dry, suture made by adhesive strips ap- 
plied to the borders of the wound, the edges of the 
plaster being sutured. S., false har'mony, see Su- 
ture. S., figure-of-8, see Figure of 8. S., Gely's, see 
Suture. S., glov'er's, see Suture. S., hare-lip, see 
Suture and Hare-lip. S., in'dia-rub'ber, see Sittitre. 
S., interrupted, see Suture. S. of the intes'tines, 
see Suture (glover's). S. of Jobert, see Suture. S., 
knotted, interrupted suture; see Suture. S., Le 
Dran's, see Suture. S. of Lembert, see Suture. S., 
occipitopari'etal, lambdoid suture. S., perine'al, 
perineeorrhaphy. S., plas'tic, see Suture. S., quilled, 
see Suture. S. of Ram'dohr, see Suture. S., roy'al, 
see Suture. S., sagittal, see Sagittal suture. S., 
shotted, see Suture. S., Sims's, see Suture, quilled. 
S., sta'ple, see Suture. S., superficial, harmony. 
S., sur'gical, forms of suture employed in surgery; SUZANNE'S GLAND 
see Suture. S., twist'ed, see Suture. S., uninter- 
rupt'ed, see Suture, glover's. 
Suzanne's gland. Small mucous gland under the 
alveololingual sulcus of the mouth. 
Swab. A piece of sponge or rag tied to a rod of 
whalebone or wood, for cleansing the mouth of the 
sick or applying remedial agents to deep-seated parts; 
the process is termed swabbing. 
Swad'dling-clothes. Swathing-clothes. 
Swag'belly. Physconia. 
Swal'low. Hirundo. S. wort, Asclepias vincetox- 
icum. S. wort, or'ange, Asclepias tuberosa. S. wort, 
tu'berous-root'ed, Asclepiastuberosa. S. wort, white, 
Asclepias vincetoxicum. 
Swallowing. Deglutition. 
Swallow's nest. Fossa deeply seated in the cere- 
bellum near the uvula: nidus hirundinis. 
Swamp apple. Excrescence formed by parasites 
upon swamp azalea. S. cab'bage, Dracontium fceti- 
dum. S. dog-wood, Petela trifoliata. S. fe'ver, ma- 
larial fever. S. hellebore, Veratrum viride. S. itch, 
scabies or pruritus. S. laurel, Kalmia glauca. S. 
sas'safras, Magnolia glauca. S. sick'ness, milk 
sickness. S. sumach, Rhus venenata. S. wood, 
Cephalanthus occidentalis; Dirca palustris. 
Swan Alley sore. See Phagedenic chancre. 
Swa'thing-clothes. Swaddling-clothes. Kind of 
clothing or bandaging formerly applied to children 
during the first year of life. 
Sweamlsh. See Syncope. 
Sweat. Sudor. S., blood'y, sudor cruentus. S., 
blue, red, etc., see Chromidrosis. S. canal', excre- 
tory duct from sweat-gland. S. cen'tre, supposed 
centre in medulla oblongata, which excites excretion 
of sweat. S., colliq'uative, see Colliquative. S. glands, 
see Perspiration. S. pores, see Pore. S. root, Pole- 
monium reptans. S. scab, crusta genu equinae. S. 
vesicle, sudamina. 
Sweating. Ephidrosis. S. bath, achicolum. S. 
of blood, see Diapedesis and Sudor cruentus. S. 
house, achicolum. S. plant, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
S. room, achicolum. S. sickness, miliary fever, with 
profuse sweating and an eruption of miliary vesicles; 
sometimes epidemic, as in Germany and Switzerland. 
Sudor Anglicus. S. sick'ness, Mal'wah, disease which 
appears to be allied to the worst form of cholera, and 
to bear a close relation to malignant congestive fever, 
which occurred in Malwah, India. 
Swe'dish gymnas'tics, S. move'ments, or S. sys'- 
tem. System of active movements with massage. S. 
leech, hirudo medicinalis. 
Sweet al'mond. Amygdala dulcis. S. bal'sam, 
Gnaphalium polycephalum. S. ba'sil, Ocinum basili- 
cum. S. bay, Magnolia glauca. S. birch, Betula 
lenta, an American species of birch, containing a 
principle allied to amygdalin, which, uniting with 
water, forms an oil similar to that of gaultheria. 
S., bit'ter, Solanum dulcamara; S. triosteum. S. 
bread, pancreas, thymus. S. bush, Comptonia as- 
plenifolia. S. cassa'va, Jatropha manihot. S. ci'- 
cely, Osmorrhiza longistylis. S. clo'ver, Trifolium 
melilotus. S. fern, Comptonia asplenifolia; Adiantum 
pedatum. S. flag, Acorus calamus. S. gale, Myrica 
gale. S. gum, liquidambar. S. lau'rel, Illicium 
floridanum. S. mar'garum, Origanum marjorana. 
S. myr'tle, Acorus calamus. S. oil, oleum olivse. S. 
or'ange peel, Citrus aurantium. S. or'ange tree, 
Citrus aurantium. S. pep'per bush, Clethra alni- 
folia. S. pod, Ceratonium siliqua. S. pota'to, food- 
stuff; root of Batata edulis. S. prin'ciple of oils, 
glycerin. S. root, Aralia nudicaulis. S. sca'bious, 
Erigeron Canadense. S. scent'ed gold'en-rod, soli- 
dago. S. scent'ed life-everlast'ing, Gnaphalium 
polycephalum. S. scent'ed shrub, calycanthus. S. 
scent'ed vir'gin's bower, Clematis flammula. S. 
scent'ed wa'ter lily, Nymphma odorata. S. sedge, 
Acorus calamus. S. sop, edible fruit of Anona squa- 
mosa. S. spirit of ni'tre, spirtus aetheris nitrici. 
S. su'mach, Rhus aromatica. S. tinct'ure of rhu'- 
barb, tinctura rhei dulcis. S. wood-bark, Cascarilla. 
Swell'ing. Tumefaction. Morbid increase in bulk 
1064 
SYLVESTER'S METHOD 
in any part of the body. See Tumor. S.» cloud'y, see 
Cloudy. S., glass'y, a term applied to the external 
appearance presented by croupous membrane. Also 
amyloid infiltration. S., white, hydrarthrus. 
Swertia chirayita, swur'te-ah chir-a'e-tah (after 
Emanuel Swert, a Dutch botanist). Gentiana chira- 
yita. S. diffor'mis, see Calumba. S. Fras'era, see 
Calumba. S. lu'tea, Gentiana lutea. 
Swietenia febrifuga, swe-ten'e-ah feb-rif'u-gah (af- 
ter Von Swieten). Febrifuga Swietenia; ord. Meliacese. 
Native of the East Indies; the bark, called rohena 
bark, is tonic and stomachic, and has been used in in- 
termittents and diseases where bitter tonics are indi- 
cated. Dose, 3.) to ?)ij of the powder. S. mahog'- 
ani, Mahogany tree of West Indies and tropical Amer- 
ica, is possessed of tonic and febrifuge properties. S. 
Senegalen'sis, Khaya Senegalensis, a common forest 
tree on the borders of the Gambia. The bark, called 
cailcedra and karson khayi, is bitter and antiperiodic. 
Swim. Air-bladder. 
Swim'bladder. Air-bladder. 
Swim'ming. Natation. S. blad'der, air-bladder. 
S. of the head, vertigo. 
Swine plague. Pig typhoid, Hog cholera. Acute, 
frequently fatal, contagious, and epidemic disease of 
swine, accompanied, as a rule, by necrotic ulceration 
of the bowels and pneumonia; supposed to be caused 
by a specific bacillus. See Bacillus. S. pox, see Vari- 
cella. S. this'tle, sonchus. 
Swiss tape'worm. Bothriocephalus latus. 
Swoon. Syncope. 
Swoon'ing. Syncope. 
Sy. In composition, with, together. See Sym. 
Syaladenitis, si-al-ad-en-e'tis. See Sialadenitis. 
Sycaminum, sik-am-e'num (sukaminori). See Horus 
nigra. 
Sycami'nus {sukaminos). See Horus nigra. 
Sy'ce {suke). Ficus; Ficus carica. 
Sycea, sis'e-ah {sukee). Ficus. 
Sycephalus, se-sef'al-us {sy, sym, kephale, head). A 
monster having two heads united together. 
Sycion, sis'e-on (sukion). A decoction of dried figs. 
Sycios angulatus, sis'e-os an-gu-lat'us {sikuos, a 
gourd). One-seeded star cucumber, Wild bryony. The 
roots and seeds are bitter, purgative, and diuretic; 
used in dropsy in the same cases as bryony. 
Sycites, sis-e'tees (swfce, a fig). Made of figs. See 
Catorchites. 
Sycoma, sik-o'mah {syce, oma). Ficus. Wart-like 
growth on soft parts, as the tongue, genital organs, 
eyelids, etc. 
Sycosis, si-ko'sis {sukosis). A tumor of the shape 
of a fig; also a fungous ulcer, the fungous growth re- 
sembling the pulp of the fig. See Mentagraphyte and 
Ficus. Trachoma, formerly so called. Term applied 
to several skin diseases, as acne mentagra, lichen of 
the chin, follicular inflammation of the beard or other 
parts of the face. S. har'bse or non-parasit'ica 
affects hairy parts of the face. Lesions are papular, 
tubercular, or pustular, and perforated by hairs, the 
inflammation being perifollicular. S. contagio'sa 
or parasit'ica, Tinea sycosis, Tinea trichophytina barbee, 
Barber's itch; contagious follicular inflammation of 
hairy parts of the face and neck, caused by develop- 
ment of trichophyton tonsurans. 
Syd'enham's chore'a. Ordinary chorea. S. laud'- 
anum, vinum opii. 
Syderatio, sid-er-ah'she-o. Sideratio. 
Sygig'noscism {suggignosco, to yield). Hypnotism. 
Syko'sis. Sycosis. 
Sykum, se'kum {sukon). Ficus. 
Syl'labic ut'terance. Scanning speech with sepa- 
ration of syllables, seen in insular sclerosis. 
Syl'lable-stum'bling. Difficult}7 in pronouncing 
many-syllabled words as a whole; a form of dysphasia. 
Syllepsiologia, sil-leps-e-o-loj'e-ah {syllepsis, concep- 
tion, logos, a description). Syllepsology, Syllepsiology. 
The doctrine of conception. 
Syllepsis, sil-lep'sis {sullepsis). Conception. 
Sylves'ter's meth'od. Means of maintaining arti- 
ficial respiration : 1. Place patient on back with pad SYLVIAN 
between shoulders; 2, draw out tongue; 3, draw arms 
to side of head in extension for two seconds; 4, flex 
and adduct arms across chest, pressing firmly against 
the chest for two seconds: repeat. See Drowning, re- 
suscitation from. 
Syl'vian a'queduct. Aquseductus Sylvii. S. ar'- 
tery, see Cerebral arteries. S. fis'sure, fissure of Syl- 
vius. S. fos'sa, depression on external surface of 
cerebral hemispheres between arms of Sylvian fis- 
sure. It contains the island of Eeil. S. ven'tricle, 
see Ventricles of the brain. 
Sym, Syn (sun, with, together). Like the cum, con, 
col, cor, etc. of the Latin. A common prefix. Before 
&, p, ph, ps, and m, syn or xyn is changed into sym 
or xym (com); before c, ch, g, k, and x, into syn or 
xyn (con); before I, into syl or xyl (col); before r, 
into syr or xyr (cor); and before s, into sy or xy and 
sys (co and cos). 
Symbiosis, sim-be-o'sis (sym, bioo, to live). Coex- 
istence of individuals or organisms. 
Symbiotic, sim-be-ot'ik (sym, bioo, to live). Para- 
sitic. 
Symblepharon, sim-blef'ar-on (sym, blepharon). 
Symblepharosis. See Ankyloblepharon. 
Symblepharosis, sim-blef-ar-o'sis (sym, blepharon, an 
eyelid). Symblepharon. Preternatural adhesion be- 
tween the eyelids, and especially between the upper 
eyelid and globe of the eye. Ankyloblepharon. 
Sym'bol (symbolon, a sign). Character. A sign or 
representation of something else. 
The following are the symbols commonly used in 
prescriptions: 
R, Recipe. See.R. 
gr., Granum, a grain. 
9, Scrupulus or scrupulum, a scruple. 
3, Drachma, a drachm. 
3, Uncia, an ounce. 
Tb, Libra, a pound. 
11b, Librae, pounds. 
hh, Minimum, a minim. 
f3, Fluidrachma, a fluidrachm. 
f%, Fluiduncia, a fluidounce. 
O, Octarius, a pint. 
C, Congius, a gallon. See Abbreviations and 
Weights and Measures. 
Symbole, sim'bo-la (sym, ballo, to throw). Com- 
missure. 
Symboleusis, sim-bo-lu'sis (sumbole, a bringing to- 
gether). Consultation. 
Sym'bolism. Form of delusional insanity in which 
the patient interprets everything he sees as a symbol 
of his own feelings or notions. Sympathy. 
Symbolismus, sim-bo-liz'mus (symbolum). Symbol- 
ism. Sympathy. 
Symbolizatio, sim-bol-iz-ah'she-o. Sympathy. 
Sym'bolizing insan'ity. Symbolism. 
Symbologica, sim-bo-loj'ik-ah (sumbolon, a sign, 
logos, a treatise). Symptomatology. 
Symbology, sim-bol'o-je (symbolum, logos, a descrip- 
tion). Symptomatology. 
Symbolum, sim'bo-lum (simbolori). Symbol; sym- 
pathy. 
Symeles, sim'el-ees (sym, melos, limb). More cor- 
rectly, Symmeles. See Symmeles. 
Syme's amputa'tion. See Amputation. 
Symmeles, sim'mel-ees (sym, melos, limb). Mono- 
pus. Genus of monsters whose extremities are joined 
together, the pelvis and lower limbs being imperfectly 
developed, with partial or entire fusion of the latter 
and twisting of the lower extremity in its various 
parts. Sirens. The monster is called Symmelus. 
Symmetria, sim-met're-ah. Symmetry. 
Symmetrical. Epithet given to those parts of the 
body which, if seated on the median line, may be 
divided into two equal and perfectly like halves; or 
which, if situate the one to the right, the other to 
the left of this line, have a similar conformation and 
a perfectly analogous arrangement. S. diseases, see 
Symmetry. S. gan'grene, see Raynaud's disease. 
Sym'metry (sym, metron, measure). Regular- 
ity in form observed in many parts situate on the 
1065 
SYMPHIA 
median line, and also the resemblance which exists 
between many organs situate on each side of the 
median line-Bilateral symmetry. Bichat first noticed 
that this symmetry was confined to the organs of ani- 
mal life, as the head, brain, spine, organs of sense, loco- 
motion, etc. It has been affirmed to be a law of the 
animal economy that, owing to symmetry of nutri- 
tion, when uninfluenced by disturbing agents, all 
general or constitutional diseases affect equally and 
similarly the corresponding parts of the two sides of 
the body. This has been called the Symmetry of dis- 
eases, and the resulting diseases are said to be sym- 
metrical. S. of diseases, see Diseases. S. of nutri- 
tion, see Symmetry. 
Symparateresis, sim-par-at-er-a'sis (sym, parater esis, 
the act of observing). Observation; close attention. 
Sympasma, sim-paz'mah (sym, passo, to sprinkle). 
Catapasma. 
Sympathesis, sim-path-a'sis. Sympathy. 
Sympathetic. Depending on sympathy. Sympa- 
thetic affections of an organ are those morbid phenom- 
ena that supervene without any morbific cause, acting 
directly and by the reaction of another organ pri- 
marily affected. Thus, itching of the nose is a sym- 
pathetic affection, produced by irritation in the in- 
testinal canal. The epithet sympathetic is given to 
different nerves. See Trisplanchnic, Pneumogastric, 
and Facial. S. an'thrax, Black-leg, Quarter-evil; 
disease of cattle caused by motile, rod-shaped 
micro-organisms; usually fatal; causes tumor of the 
extremities from hemorrhagic effusion. S. bu'bo, see 
Bubo, simple. S. gan'glia, see Trisplanchnic nerve. 
S., great, trisplanchnic nerve. S. inflammation, in- 
flammation of any part or organ, occurring as if by 
sympathy with a similar morbid condition in any 
other part or organ. S. insanity, mental aberration 
occurring in sympathy with the disease of some 
other organ not physiologically associated with the 
brain. S., mld'dle, pneumogastric. S. nerve, tri- 
splanchnic nerve. S. ophthaltnia, inflammation of 
a sound eye due to injury or disease of its fellow. 
S. pow'der, Pulvis sympatheticus, or Powder of sym- 
pathy, of Sir Kenelme Digby; composed of calcined 
sulphate of iron prepared in a particular manner: 
long supposed to be able to cure a wound if applied 
to the weapon that inflicted it, or even to a portion 
of the bloody clothes. S. sali'va, that produced by 
the irritation of a sympathetic nerve. S. vomiting 
or morning sick'ness, that sometimes seen in the 
husband of a pregnant woman. 
Sympatheticus mi'nor. Facial nerve. 
Sympathetismus, sim-path-et-iz'mus. Sympathy. 
Sympathia, sim-path-e'ah. Sympathy; consent of 
parts. 
Sympathicus, sim-path'ik-us. Sympathetic. 
Sym'pathy (sym, pathos, suffering). Connection ex- 
isting between the action of two or more organs more 
or less distant from each other, so that the affection 
of the first is transmitted secondarily to the others, 
or to one of the others, by means unknown. Know- 
ledge of the particular sympathy between different 
organs throws light on the etiology of diseases, their 
seat, and the particular organs toward which our 
therapeutical means should be directed. See Irrita- 
tion. Sympathy of continuity is seen in the case of a 
continuous membrane, as in the action of demulcents 
in catarrh; Sympathy of contiguity in the case of parts 
that are near, as in the action of aloes in amenor- 
rhcea; and Demote sympathy concerns organs that are 
at a distance from the part impressed, as in the case 
of tetanus from an injury. S., cure by, mode of 
treatment, at one time prevalent, based on the idea 
that a mysterious consent exists between parts of the 
body and certain remedial agents. See Sympathetic 
powder and Trial by bier-right. 
Sympepsis, sim-pep'sis (sym, pepsis, coction, diges- 
tion). Coction. 
Sympexis, sim-peks'is (sumpexis). Concretion, as 
occasionally met with in the blood-vessels of some of 
the glands of the body. 
Symphla (sumphuia). Symphysis. SYMPHORA 
Symphora, sim'fo-rah {sym, phero, to carry). Con- 
gestion. 
Symphorema, sim-fo-ra'mah. Congestion. 
Symphoresis, sim-fo-ra'sis {sumphoresis). Conges- 
tion. 
Symphoret'icus. Congested. 
Symphoricarpus racemosus, sim-fo-re-kar'pus ras- 
e-mo'sus {sumphoreo, to bear together, karpos, fruit). 
Snowberry; ord. Caprifoliacese. Eoot is tonic and as- 
tringent, and has been used in ague and by the In- 
dians in syphilis. * 
Symphyocephalus, sim-fe-o-sef'al-us {sym, phuo, to 
grow, united together, kephale, head). Monstrosity 
in which twins are united by the head. 
Symphy'seal an'gle. Formed by union of line of 
lower border of inferior maxillary bone and that 
from point of chin to lower incisors. 
Symphyseotomy, sim-fis-e-ot'o-me {symphysis, tome, 
incision). Symphysiotomy, Synchondrotomy, Sigaultian 
operation or section. Operation of section of the sym- 
physis pubis, performed with the view of augmenting 
the diameter of the pelvis to facilitate delivery in 
certain cases of faulty conformation of that cavity, 
with wedging of the head of the child therein. As 
soon as the fibrous parts which hold the bones to- 
gether are divided, the latter separate to a certain 
distance from each other, and delivery may be 
accomplished. 
Symphysia, sim-fis'e-ah {sumphuo, to grow together). 
A malformation consisting in the union of parts 
usually divided. 
Symphysion, sim-fis'e-on. The central point of the 
external alveolar border of the inferior maxilla. 
Symphysiotomia, sim-fis-e-o-tom'e-ah. Symphyse- 
otomy. 
Symphysiotomy, sim-fis-e-ot'o-me. Symphyseot- 
omy. 
Symphysis, sim'fis-is {sym, phuo, to grow). Union 
of bones; the bond of such union; the aggregate of 
means used for retaining bones in situ in the articula- 
tions. It has, however, been more particularly ap- 
propriated to certain articulations, as to the symphy- 
sis pubis, sacro-iliac symphysis, etc. See Monster. S. 
cartilagin'ea, synchondrosis. S. of jaw, S. menti. S. 
ligamento'sa, syndesmosis. S. men'ti, see Maxillary 
bone, inferior. S. os'sium muscula'ris, syssarcosis. 
S. pu'bis, pubic articulation. S. sacrococcyge'a, 
articulation between sacrum and coccyx. 
Symphysodactylia, sim-fiz-o-dak-til'e-ah {symphy- 
sis, daktulos, finger). Abnormal union of the fingers. 
Symphysopsia, sim-fis-op'se-ah {symphysis, ops, eye). 
A monstrous fusion of the two eyes into one. 
Symphysoskelia, sim-fis-o-skel'e-ah {symphysis, ske- 
los, leg). Siren. Monster with fusion of the lower 
extremities. 
Symphysotomy, sim-fis-ot'o-me. Symphyseotomy. 
Symphytos, sim'fit-os {sumphutos, grown or pro- 
duced with). Hereditary. 
Symphytum, sim'fit-um {sumphuton). S. officinale or 
album or Bohemicum, Consolida major, Comfrey, ord. Bora- 
ginacese. The roots of this European plant are very 
mucilaginous, and are employed as emollients, in de- 
coction, in haemoptysis, dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, 
etc. Also Solidago virgaurea. S. min'imum, bellis. 
S. mi'nus, prunella. S. petrae'um, Coris Monspelien- 
sis, Montpelier coris ; an intensely bitter and nauseous 
plant, said to have been useful in syphilis. See also 
Sanicula, 
Sympiesis, sim-pi-a'sis {sym, piesis, pressing). A 
squeezing together of parts. 
Sympiesometer, sim-pi-es-om'e-tur {sympiesis, me- 
tros, measure). Instrument for measuring pressure. 
Symplocarpus angustispatha, sim-plo-kar'pus an- 
gus-te-spath'ah {sumploke, connection, karpos, fruit, 
from the coalescing ovaries). Dracontium angusti- 
spatha. S. fce'tidus, Dracontium foetidum. 
Sympodia, sim-po'de-ah {sym, pous, foot). Sympus, 
Siren. Monstrosity in which there is coalescence of 
the lower extremities and one foot recognizable, Sym- 
pus monopus; if there is entire absence of feet, it is 
called Sympus apus. 
1066 
SYNCHISIS 
Symptom, sim'tum (sym, pipto, to fall). Any change 
perceptible to the senses in any organ or function, con- 
nected with morbific influence. The term Symptoms 
of symptoms has been used for the effects which result 
from the symptoms of a disease, which effects are not 
essentially connected with the disease itself. Thus, 
the debility arising from the frequency of evacua- 
tions in dysentery is a symptom of symptoms. Symp- 
tom at one time was generally used in the same sense 
as sign, but the former signifies a functional or vital 
phenomenon of disease, while the latter is applied to 
that which is more directly physical; hence the ex- 
pressions functional or vital phenomena or symptoms, 
in contradistinction to the physical signs afforded by 
auscultation, percussion, etc. See Sign. 
Symptoma, sim-to'mah. Symptom. S. turpitu'- 
dinis, nymphomania. 
Symptomatic, sim-to-mat'ik (sumptomatikos). Re- 
lating or appertaining to symptoms or signs; that 
which is a symptom of some other affection, as a 
symptomatic disease, in opposition to idiopathic, or 
a symptomatic fever. 
Symptomatography, sim-to-ma-tog'ra-fe (symptoma, 
graphs, description). Semeiography. 
Symptomatology, sim-to-ma-tol'o-je (symptoma, 
logos, treatise). The branch of pathology the object 
of which is the observation and knowledge of symp- 
toms. 
Symptomiatria, sim - to - me - at - re' ah (symptom, 
iatreia, a healing). Homoeopathy. 
Symptosis, sim-to'sis (sym, pipto, to fall). Depres- 
sion or collapse, emaciation or atrophy, either of the 
whole body or of a part. 
Sympus, sim'pus. Sympodia. S. a'pus, see Sym- 
podia. S. mon'opus, see Sympodia. 
Syn. As a prefix, with. 
Synserema, sin-e'ra-mah (sunairema). Corrugation. 
Synaesthesia, sin-ees-the'ze-ah (syn, aisthesis, sensa- 
tion). Location of a sensation at one part of the body 
when a distant part is irritated. 
Synsetion, sin-e'te-on (syn, aitia, cause). A cause 
which co-operates with another in the production of 
disease. 
Synago'ge (sunago, to bring together). Contraction. 
Synalgia, sin-al'je-ah (syn, aisthesis, sensation). 
Pain felt in part of body distant from part injured 
or irritated. 
Synanche, sin-an'ka. Cynanche; cynanche ton- 
sillaris. 
Synaphymenitis, sin-af-e-men-e'tis (sunaphe, con- 
junction, humen, membrane, itis). See Ophthalmia. 
Synaptase, sin-ap'taze (syn, aptein, to join; with 
amygdalin it forms hydrocyanic acid). A ferment 
found in the pulp of bitter almonds. See Amygdalin 
and Emulsin. 
Synarthrodia, sin-ar-thro'de-ah. Synarthrosis. 
Synarthrodial, sin-ar-thro'de-al. Belonging to syn- 
arthrosis, as synarthrodial articulation. S. diarthro'- 
sis, Amphiarthrosis, joint with fibro-cartilaginous or 
fibrous tissue between the extremities of bones, or joint 
with short ligaments, but without fibrous or fibro- 
cartilaginous tissue between the bones. 
Synarthrosis, sin-ar-thro'sis (syn, arthrosis, articu- 
lation). Immovable articulation. Synarthrosis in- 
cludes three species-suture, harmony, and gompho- 
sis. See Articulations. 
Synathroisis, sin-ath-ro-i'sis (syn, athroo, to collect). 
Congestion. 
Synathroismus, sin-ath-ro-iz'mus (same etymon). 
Congestion. 
Syncanthus, sin-kan'thus (syn, kanthos, corner of 
the eye). Morbid adhesion between the globe of the 
eye and the orbit. 
Syncephalus, sin-sef'al-us (syn, kephale, head). 
Double monster with fused heads. 
Syncheiral, sin-ki'ral (syn, cheir, hand). Term used 
to denote movement in animals where both of a pair 
of feet are moved together. 
Synchilia, sin-kil'e-ah (syn, cheilos, lip). Atresia 
of the lips. 
Synchisis, sin'kis-is. Confusio. SYNCHITON 
Synchiton, sin'kit-on (syn, chiton, coat). Conjunc- 
tiva. 
Synchondrosis, sin-kon-dro'sis (syn, chondros, carti- 
lage, osis). Union or articulation of bones by means 
of cartilages; as the articulations of the ribs with 
the sternum, by means of their cartilages of prolon- 
gation. S. sacrococcyge'a that between the sacrum 
and coccyx. 
Synchondrotomy, sin-kon-drot'o-me (syn, chondros, 
cartilage, tome, incision). Division of interosseous 
cartilage, as of the symphysis pubis. Symphyseotomy. 
Synchronical, sin-kron'ik-al. Synchronous. 
Synchronism, sin'kro-nism (syn, chronos, time). 
State of being synchronous. 
Synchronius, sin-kro'ne-us. Synchronous. 
Synchronous, sin'kro-nus (syn, chronos, time). Iso- 
chronous. Occurring at the same time; thus the 
pulsations of an artery are synchronous with those 
of the heart. 
Syn'chronus (sunchronos). Synchronous. 
Synchysis, sin'kis-is (syn, chuo, to pour). Confusio. 
S. scin'tillans, confusio. S., spark'ling, confusio. 
Synchytophlogia, sin-kit-o-flo'je-ah (sunchusis, mix- 
ing together, phlego, to burn). Confluent small-pox. 
Synciput, sin'se-put. Sinciput. 
Syncleisis, sin-kli'sis (syn, kleio, to close). Occlu- 
sion. 
Synclinal, sin-kli'nal (syn, klino, to slant). Inclining 
toward each other. 
Syn'clisis. Synclitism. 
Synclitic, sin-klit'ik. Relating to synclitism. See 
Synclitism and Enclitic. 
Synclitism, sin'klit-ism (sun, together, klitos, in- 
clined). Synclitic movement of the foetal head ; par- 
allelism of the plane of the child's head, in a natural 
presentation, with the planes of the pelvis and vagina. 
Synclonesis, sin-klo-na'sis {sunklonesis, act of shak- 
ing together). Synclonus. 
Synclonus, sin'klo-nus (sunkloneo, to shake to- 
gether). Synclonesis. Tremulous, simultaneous, and 
chronic agitation of various muscles, especially when 
excited by the will; clonici universales; clonus; also 
general spasm, spasmus universalis. See Tremor, Chorea, 
etc. S. ballis'mus, paralysis agitans. S. beribe'ria, 
beriberi. S. chore'a, chorea. S. In'dicus, beriberi. 
S. rapha'nia, raphania. S. sal'tans, chorea. S. 
trem'or, paralysis agitans; tremor. 
Syncomistus, sin-ko-mis'tus {syn, komizo, to bring). 
Bread of the whole wheat or of the unsifted meal. 
Household bread. Also a cataplasm made of the 
same. 
Syncopal, sin'ko-pal. Relating or appertaining to 
syncope, as syncopal fever, a pernicious intermittent 
characterized by repeated attacks of syncope. 
Syncope, sin'ko-pe (syn, kopto, to fall, to fall down). 
Asphyxia, Swoon, Swooning, Fainting, Fainting fit, Faint- 
ness, Exolution. Complete and, commonly, sudden 
loss of sensation and motion, with considerable dim- 
inution or entire suspension of the pulsations of 
the heart and the respiratory movements. Syncope 
is commonly an affection of no consequence; some- 
times it is an index of diseased heart. Placing the 
patient in the horizontal posture, sprinkling cold 
water over the face, and the application of volatile 
substances to the nose are all that will be required 
during the fit. See Asphyxia and Suffocation. An 
approach to this condition is termed faintishness, and 
the person is said to be faint. S. an'gens, angina 
pectoris. S. angino'sa, angina pectoris. 
Syncop'tic or Syncopticus, sin-kop'tik-us (sunkop- 
tikos). Syncopal. 
Syncoptus, sin-kop'tus. Syncopal. 
Syncranius, sin-kran'e-us (syn, kranion, skull). 
Superior maxillary bone. 
Syncretism, sin'kre-tizm (syn, kretizo, to lie or 
deceive). Blending. 
Syncrisis, sin'kris-is (syn, krino, to separate). Co- 
agulation of liquids. 
Syncritica, sin-krit'ik-ah (sunkrino, to put to- 
gether). Medicines esteemed proper for inspissating 
the humors. 
1067 
SYNEZISIS 
Syncritium, sin-krit'e-um. Tissue with proto- 
plasm and nuclei, without cell-walls. 
Syndactylus, sin-dak'til-us (syn, dalctulos, finger). 
A monster whose fingers are not separated from one 
another. 
Syndectomy, sin-dek'to-me (sundeo, to hind to- 
gether, tome, excision). Peritomy, Circumcision of the 
cornea. An operation designed to cut off the supply 
of hlood from the cornea by a division and part re- 
moval not only of the conjunctival but also of the 
subconjunctival vessels. It is resorted to in pannus. 
Syndelphus, sin-del'fus (syn, adelphos, brother). 
Single-headed double monster with fused thoraces 
and single pelvis. 
Syndesmectopia, sin-dez-mek-top'e-ah (sundesmos, 
ligament, ektopos, out of place). Displacement of 
ligament. 
Syndesmitis, sin-dez-me'tis (syndesmos, ligament, 
itis). Inflammation of articular ligaments. 
Syndesmo-arytenoideus, sin-dez'mo-ar-it-en-o-id'- 
a-us (syndesmos, ligament, aryteno'ideus). Anomalous 
variety of lateral crico-arytenoid muscle arising 
from a tendon in common with the inferior crico- 
arytenoid. 
Syndesmography, sin-dez-mog'ra-fe (syndesmus, 
graphe, description). A description of the ligaments. 
The part of anatomy which describes the ligaments. 
Syndesmology, sin-dez-mol'o-je (syndesmus, logos, 
treatise, discourse). A treatise on the ligaments. 
Syndesmopharyngeus, sin-dez-mo-far-in-ja'us. A 
fasciculus of the constrictor pharyngis superior. 
Syndesmosis, sin-dez-mo'sis (syndesmus, osis). The 
articulation of two or more bones by means of liga- 
ment, as of the radius with the ulna. 
Syndesmothyroideus, sin-dez-mo-thir-o-id'a-us 
(syndesmos, thyro'ideus). Muscle formed by union of 
superior and inferior portions of the thyro-arytenoid 
inserted into the vocal cords. 
Syndesmotomy, sin-dez-mot'o-me (syndesmus, temno, 
to cut or dissect). Dissection of the ligaments. 
Syndesmus, sin-dez'mus (sundesmos). Bandage; 
ligament. 
Syndrome, sin'drome (syn, dromos, course). Con- 
course. The union of symptoms which takes place 
in diseases; S. plethorica, for example, means the ag- 
gregate of symptoms produced by plethora. 
Syndyasmus, sin-de-as'mus (syn, duo, two). Co- 
ition. 
Syneches, sin'ek-ees (suneches, continuous). See 
Continued fever. 
Synechia, sin-ek-e'ah (syn, echo, to hold). Adhesion 
between the iris and transparent cornea, or between 
the iris and crystalline lens. The former is called 
synechia anterior; the latter, S. posterior, ptosis dip- 
lopia. If exudations of plastic lymph from the edge 
of the pupil are thrown out, so as to fringe the 
whole circumference, tying it down to the capsule of 
the lens, the centre of the pupil remaining clear, the 
condition is called circular or annular synechia or ex- 
clusion of the pupil. When the pupil is occluded 
by a thick nodule of exudation, it is called occlusion 
of the pupil. 
Synencephalus, sin-en-sef'al-us. Double monster 
with fused heads. 
Synenergia, sin-en-er-je'ah. Synergy. 
Synergi'a. Synergy. 
Synergic, sin-er'jik (syn, ergon, work). Working 
together, as muscles, remedies, etc. 
Synergist, sin'er-gist (syn, ergon, work). Remedy 
acting to assist another. 
Synergy, sin'er-je (syn, ergon, work). A correlation 
or concourse of action between different organs in 
health, and, according to some, in disease. 
Synesis, sin'es-is (swnesis). Intellect, 
Syneurosis, siu-u-ro'sis (syn, neuron, sinew). See 
Syndesmosis. 
Synezisis, sin-ez-e'sis (syn, izo, to sit). A falling 
together. S. pupil'Ise, closure or occlusion or oblit- 
eration of the pupil. Sometimes a faulty conforma- 
tion, depending upon the continued existence of the 
membrana pupillaris or the absence of the pupil. At SYNGAMUS TRACHEALIS 
other times, owing to accident, it supervenes on vio- 
lent ophthalmia or on the operation for cataract. 
Those affected are completely blind, the iris having 
no central aperture. Belief may sometimes be ob- 
tained by making an opening in the iris called an 
operation for artificial pupil. 
Syngamus trachealis, sin'gam-us trak-e-al'is. Ne- 
matode worm found in the trachea of birds. 
Syngenes, sin'jen-ees (syn, gennao, to beget). Hered- 
itary. 
Syn'genic (same etymon). Hereditary. 
Syngenicus, sin-jen'ik-us. Congenital. 
Syngignoscism, sin-gig'no-sizm (syn, gignosko, to 
know). Hypnotism. 
Synhymensis, sin-hi-men'sis. Synymensis. 
Synidrosis, sin-id-ro'sis (syn, hidros, sweat). Con- 
current sweating. 
Synimensis, sin-e-men'sis. Synymensis. 
Synlzesis, sin-e-za'sis. Bestoration; cessation; 
subsidence; contraction of a canal or cavity. See 
Synesisis. 
Synkineses, sin-kin-a'sees (syn, kinesis, movement). 
Associated movements of reflex origin. Involuntary 
movements of paralyzed parts. Motor disorders in 
muscles affected with spasm. Anomalous movements 
in muscles which are normally associated in action 
with affected muscles. 
Synneurosis, sin-neu-ro'sis (syn, neuron, tendon, 
osis). Syndesmosis. 
Synocha, sin'o-kah (syn, echo, to have or to hold). 
Inflammatory or dynamic fever. General inflamma- 
tion. A species of continued fever characterized by 
increased heat; quick, strong, and hard pulse; urine 
high colored; disturbance of mind slight. S. rheu- 
niat'ica, acute rheumatism. S. vacci'na, cowpox. 
Synochal, sin'o-kal. Belating to, or having the 
characters of, synocha. 
Synochus, sin'o-kus (sunochos, continued). Contin- 
ued fever, compounded of synocha and typhus: in 
its commencement often resembling the former, in 
its progress the latter; mixed fever, common con- 
tinued fever, synochoid fever. See Acmasticus, Con- 
tinued fever, Fever, and Typhus. S. bilio'sa, gastric 
fever; bilious fever. S. catarrha'lis, influenza. S. 
ictero'des, yellow fever. S. impu'tris, synocha. S. 
milia'ria, miliary fever. S. varicel'la, varicella. 
Synolce, sin-ol'se (syn, helko, to draw). Spasm. 
Synophthal'mia or Synophthalmus, sin-of-thal'- 
mus (syn, ophthalmos, eye). Monstrosity in which 
there is one orbital cavity. Cyclopia. 
Synorchism, sin-or'kism (syn, orchis, testicle). State 
of fusion of the testicles. 
Synoscheos, sin-os'ke-os (syn, osche, scrotum). Ad- 
hesion of the penis to the scrotum. 
Synosteography, sin-os-te-og'raf-e (syn, osteon, a 
bone, grapho, to describe). The part of anatomy 
describing the joints. 
Synosteology, syn-os-te-ol'o-je (syn, osteon, a bone, 
logos, a treatise). A treatise on the joints. 
Synos'teophyte or Synosteophytum, sin-os-te-o-fe'- 
tum (syn, osteon, bone, phuton, growth). Congenital 
growth of bone. 
Synosteosis, sin-os-te-o'sis (syn, osteon, bone, osis). 
Synostosis. Union by means of bone. 
Synosteotomy, sin-os-te-ot'o-me (syn, osteon, bone, 
tome, incision). Dissection of joints. 
Synostology, sin-os-tol'o-je (syn, osteon, bone, logos, 
treatise). Part of the science of medicine treating of 
joints. 
Synostosis, sin-os-to'sis. See Synosteosis. Also the 
premature and abnormous obliteration of the sutures 
as a cause of deformity and irregularity of Uie human 
skull. 
Synostotic, sin-os-to'tic. Belating to synostosis. 
Synotis (sin-o'tis) or Syno'tus (syn, ous, an ear). 
Double monster, the second face of which is repre- 
sented only by two ears close together or a double 
median ear; a form of otocephalus. 
Synovia, sin-o've-ah (syn, ovum, an egg). A fluid 
resembling the white of egg, exhaled by the synovial 
membranes surrounding the movable articulations. 
1068 
SYNYMENSIS 
It has been found to consist of water, albumin, salts, 
and fat. Its use is to lubricate the joints and the 
sheaths in which tendons play. 
Synovial, sin-o've-al. Eelating to synovia. S. 
bur'sse, bursae mucosae. S. cap'sules, see Membrane. 
S. cysts include dropsies and enlargements of syno- 
vial sheaths, as from localized pressure, under which 
bursae may also be newly formed; cystic transforma- 
tion and dilatation from follicular obstruction. S. 
fim'brise, S. fringes, S. ligaments, S. folds. S. flu'id, 
synovia. S. folds, folds of synovial membrane found 
in large joints. S. fringes, projections of synovial 
membranes into joints. S. glands, Havers's glands; 
secretory fringes which float in the interior of the 
synovial capsules; see Capsules. S. mem'branes, see 
Membrane. S. sheath, bursa-like fold between ten- 
dons and neighboring bony points. S. vil'li, S. 
fringes. 
Synoviparous (si-no-vip'ar-us) crypts. In-dip- 
pings of synovial membranes. 
Synovitis, sin-o-ve'tis {synovia, itis). Inflammation 
of the synovial membrane. When it affects the bur- 
sae, it is sometimes called bursitis. When of strumous 
origin, it is often accompanied with gelatiniform de- 
generation of the synovial membrane, constituting ar- 
thritis gelatinosa. S. hyperplas'tica, S. with villous 
outgrowths. S. rheumatisma'lis, acute rheumatism. 
Syntasis, sin'tas-is {syn, teino, to stretch or strain). 
Tension of parts. 
Syntatic, sin-tat'ik {syn, teino, to stretch). Tonic. 
Syntaxis, sin-taks'is {syn, tasso, to put in order). 
Articulation; reduction; taxis. S. serra'ta, see 
Suture. 
Syntecopyra, sin-te-cop'ir-ah {suntexis, wasting, par, 
fever). Hectic fever. 
Syntectycopyra, sin-tek-te-kop'ir-ah. Hectic fever. 
Syntenosis, sin-ten-o'sis {syn, tenon, tendon, osis). A 
species of articulation in which two bones are joined 
by means of tendon, as the sesamoid bones with the 
toes, the patella with the tibia, etc. 
Synteresis, sin-ter-a'sis {syn, tereo, to keep). Pro- 
phylaxis. 
Synteret'ic or Synteret'icus (sunteretikos). Prophy- 
lactic. 
Syntexis, sin-teks'is {suntexis). Colliquation; wast- 
ing of the body ; consumption. See Syntasis. 
Synthena, sin-tha'nah. A species of epilepsy ac- 
companied by cardialgia and tormina. 
Synthermal, sin-thur'mal {syn, therme, heat). Of 
equal temperature; isothermal. 
Synthesis, sin'thes-is {syn, tithemi, to place). Com- 
position or putting together. A surgical operation 
consisting in uniting divided parts and approximating 
those separated or distant from each other. Synthesis 
of continuity means the union of the edges of a 
wound or the approximation of the extremities of a 
fractured bone. Synthesis of contiguity is the reduc- 
tion of displaced organs, as in hernia and luxations. 
Also, as in chemistry, the formation of a more com- 
plex body by the union of simpler bodies. See Com- 
position. 
Synthet'ic. Pertaining to synthesis. 
Syn'thetism. The aggregate of operations and 
means for reducing a fracture and maintaining it re- 
duced, comprising extension, counter-extension, co- 
aptation, and bandaging. 
Syn'tonin, {syn, tonos, muscle). See Fibrin. 
Syntrim'ma {syn, tribo, to rub). Comminution; 
trituration. 
Syntrip'sis {suntripsis). Comminution; tritura- 
tion. 
Syn'trophus {syn, trepho, to nourish). Term applied 
to a disease which has grown up with an individual 
or been oonnate with him. 
Synulo'sis {syn, ouloo, to cicatrize). Cicatrization. 
Synulo'tic or Synuloztica {sunoulotica). Eemedies 
supposed to be capable of producing cicatrization. 
Synu/sia {sunousia). Coition. 
Synymen'sis {syn, humen, membrane). Union of 
bones by membrane, as in the case of the bones of 
the head in the foetus; syndesmosis. SYPHILELCOS 
Syphilel'cos or Syphilel'cus (syphilis, helkos, an 
ulcer). Syphilitic ulceration; presence of a syphi- 
litic chancre. 
Syphilelco'sis (syphileHcosis). Process of syphilitic 
ulceration. 
Syphilides, sif'il-eeds. Syphiloderms. Cutaneous 
eruptions that appertain to constitutional syphilis. 
The principal varieties are syphilitic maculae or pig- 
mentary stains, exanthematous eruptions, and a va- 
riety of papular, vesicular, and other syphilodermata. 
The following is a classification of the conditions 
included under this head (Cornil): 
1069 
SYPH1TA 
to the stage of the syphilitic infection. It is not yet 
established that syphilis is due to the influence of a 
micro-organism. Syphilis may be acquired or heredi- 
tary. Primary syphilis includes the incubatory 
period from the time of infection to the appearance 
of the initial lesion, two to three weeks, but this may 
be a longer or shorter period. Then comes a second 
period of incubation, of forty days or more, before the 
appearance of constitutional symptoms. During the 
primary stage the chancre occurs and the glands and 
lymphatics become indurated. In the second stage- 
secondary syphilis-constitutional symptoms are de- 
veloped, as exhibited in lesions of the skin and mu- 
cous membranes (see Syphilides), affections of the eye 
and of the lymphatic glands. Tertiary syphilis does 
not occur frequently at the present day, on account 
of the successful treatment of the first and second 
stages. The tertiary symptoms are various ulcera- 
tions, gummatous, tubercular, and other conditions 
(see Syphilides), affections of the nervous system and 
the visceral organs. S. cor'puscles, microscopic 
bodies said to have been noticed by some observers 
in the blood of syphilitic patients. S. hsemorrhag'ica 
neonato'rum, a rare form of syphilis of the new- 
born, attended with hemorrhages. S. heredita'ria, 
hereditary syphilis, constitutional syphilis of the 
child, derived during fcetal life from its parent. 
S. In'dica, frambcesia. S. ingen'ita, hereditary 
syphilis. S. invetera'ta, see Syphilis. S., pri- 
mary, see Syphilis. S. primigen'ia, see Syphilis. S., 
primitive, see Syphilis. S. pseudosyph'ilis, a term 
given to ulcers or other affections resembling syphilis, 
but indeterminate in character, the symptoms being 
irregular in appearance, and usually yielding spon- 
taneously or under the use of tonics, change of air, 
etc. Sivvens, radezyge, etc. have been referred to 
this head. S., vac'cinal, vaccino-syphilis. 
Syphilis'mus. Syphilis. 
Syphilit'ic. Belonging or relating to or affected 
with syphilis. S. fe'ver, febrile manifestation of the 
first constitutional effects of syphilis. 
Syphiliza'tion. Saturation of the system by in- 
oculation with the matter of syphilis. It has been 
used as a curative procedure in syphilis, as well as a 
preventive of that disease, and for the cure of other 
cachexia;, as cancer. 
Syphilized, sif'il-ized. Affected with syphilis. 
Syphiloceles, sif-il-o-se'lees {syphilis, helis, stain). 
Syphilitic patches on the skin. 
Syphiloderma, sif-il-o-dur'mah {syphilis, derma, 
skin). Cutaneous eruption of a syphilitic character. 
Syphilogeny, sif-il-oj'en-e {syphilis, gennao, to gen- 
erate). The origin or generation of syphilis. 
Syphilographer, sif-il-og'raf-er {syphilis, grapho, to 
describe). A writer on syphilis. 
Syphilography, sif-il-og'ra-fe {syphilis, grapho, to 
describe). A description of syphilis. 
Syphiloid, sif'il-oid {syphilis, eidos, resemblance). 
Resembling syphilis, as a syphiloid affection. 
Syphilolepis, sif-il-ol'ep-is {syphilis, lepis, attack). 
A scaly eruption due to syphilis. S. gutta'ta, papulo- 
squamous eruption due to syphilis, looking like drops. 
S. palma'ris, papulosquamous syphilis occurring on 
the palms. 
Syphilology, sif-il-ol'o-je {syphilis, logos, discourse). 
The doctrine of syphilis and its management; a 
treatise on syphilis. 
Syphiloma, sif-il-o'mah {syphilis, oma). A syphilitic 
new formation having a definite structure ; gumma. 
Syphilomania, sif-il-o-man'e-ah. Noddle pox. 
Syphiliphobia. 
1. Erythematous syph- 
ilides (roseola). 
Diffused; 
Macular; 
Papular. 
Small papules (papular or papu- 
lo granular syphilide); 
Miliary syphilide; 
Conical, lichen-like syphilide; 
Large papules (patches of papu- 
lo-lenticular syphilide); 
Papulo-tuberculous; 
Papulo-sq uamous. 
2. Papular syphilides. 
3. Vesicular syphilides. 
Varicelliform; 
Eczemiform; 
Herpetiform. 
Acneiform; 
Impetiginous; 
Ecthymatous (sometimes super- 
ficial and precocious, sometimes 
late and ulcerated)-ulcerous 
ecthyma. 
4. Pustular syphilides. 
5. Bullous syphilides. 
Pemphigus; 
Rupia. 
6. Gummous and tubercular syphilides. 
In this classification there is indicated the gradual 
passage of the superficial lesions of the early period 
of secondary symptoms, the roseola and the papules, 
into the deeper and later lesions of the second period, 
such as ecthyma, and finally into the rupia, tubercles, 
and gummata of the third period. 
Syphilidia'ter (syphilis, iatros, physician). One who 
occupies himself in treating syphilis. 
Syphllidoch'thus (syphilis, ochthe, rising ground) 
dissemina'tus. Tubercular syphilitic eruption. S. 
TO'dens, ulcerated syphilitic tubercle. 
Syphilidocolpi'tis (syphilis, kolpos, vagina). Syphi- 
litic vaginitis. 
Syphilidog'raphy. Syphilography. 
Syphilidol'ogy. Syphilology. 
Syphilidoma'nia. Syphilomania. 
Syphilidopho'bia. Syphilophobia. 
Syphilidophthal'mia (syphilis, ophthalmos, eye). 
Syphilitic inflammation of the eye. 
Syphiline, sif'il-een (syphilis). A term proposed 
for the supposed specific zymotic principle by which 
syphilis is propagated. 
Syphilinum, sif-il-e'num. Homoeopathic remedy 
said to consist of the virus of syphilis and milk-sugar. 
Syphilion'thus (syphilis, ionthos, pustular eruption 
on the face). Scaly, copper-colored eruption of the 
face, due to syphilis. 
Syphilipho'bia (syphilis, phobos, dread). Morbid 
dread of syphilis, giving rise to fancied symptoms of 
the disease ; a form of hypochondriasis. 
Syphilis, sif'il-is (Etymology unknown. Some con- 
sider it to proceed from sun, with, and phileo, to love, 
and others, with more probability, from siphlos- 
formed, by contraction, from sipalos-reproach, etc.). 
Venereal, Venereal disease, Pox, French pox, French crust, 
French distemper, Foul or Bad disease. An infectious dis- 
ease commu nicable by coition, or by the contact of parts 
that are only lined with a thin epidermis, as the lips, 
nipple, etc. It generally makes its first appearance by 
a hard chancre, the latter being known as the primary 
or initial lesion, and there are other symptoms which 
are secondary or constitutional. These are ulcers in 
the throat, copper-colored blotches on the skin, pains 
in the bones, nodes, etc.: the last are sometimes 
termed tertiary phenomena. Hence the terms Pri- 
mary syphilis, S. primigenia; Secondary syphilis, S. 
secundaria, constitutional syphilis; Tertiary syphilis, 
and S. inveterata are applied to the disease according 
Syphilorihlysis, sif-il-of-lis'is (syphilis, phlusis, erup- 
tion). Syphilitic eruption. 
Syphilophobia, sif-il-o-fo'be-ah. Syphiliphobia. 
Syphilophyma, sif-il-o-fe'mah (syphilis, phuma, 
growth). Syphilitic growth. 
Syphilopsiloma, sif-il-o-sil-o'mah (syphilis, psilos, 
bare). Syphilitic alopecia. 
Syphionthus, sif-e-on'thus (syphilis, ionthus, pustular 
eruption on the face). Syphilionthus. 
Syphita, sif'it-ah. Somnambulism. SYPHON 
Syphon, si'fon. See Siphon. 
Syphonoma, sif-on-o'mah. Cylindroma. 
Syrigmophonia, sir-ig-mo-fo'ne-ali (surigmos, piping, 
phone, voice). A piping state of the voice. 
Syrigmus, sir-ig'mus (surigmos). Tinnitus aurium. 
Syringa, sir-in'gab (syrinx). Eustachian tube; 
fistula; syringe; trachea. S. clysmat'ica, syringe 
(clyster). S. vulgatis, Common lilac; ord. Oleaceae. 
The leaves and fruit are bitter and somewhat acrid, 
and have been used as tonics and antiperiodics. 
Syringe, sir'inge (surinx, a pipe). Apparatus through 
which any liquor is injected. S., clyster, a syringe 
for administering clysters. S., cup'ping, artificial 
cupping apparatus. 
Syringes aeriferi, sir-in'jees a-er-if'a-re (syrinx). 
See Bronchia. 
Syringicus, si-rin'jik-us (syrinx). Fistulous. 
Syringine, sir-in'jeen. Glucoside obtained from 
Syringa vulgaris. 
Syringitis Eustachii, sir-in-je'tis u-stak'e-e (syringa, 
Eustachian tube, itis). Inflammation of the Eustach- 
ian tube. 
Syringmus, sir-ing'mus (surigmos, piping sound). 
Tinnitus aurium. 
Syringodes, sir-in-go'dees (suringodes, like a pipe). 
Fistulous. 
Syringomeningocele, sir-in-go-men-in-go-se'le (Eng. 
sir-in-go-men-in'go-seel) (surinx, tube, meninx, mem- 
brane, Icele, a tumor). Congenital tumor consisting 
of membranes and posterior wall of dilated central 
canal of spinal cord protruding through the spina 
bifida. 
Syringomyelia, sir-in-go-me-el'e-ah (syrinx, muelos, 
marrow). Condition produced by dilatation of central 
canal of spinal cord with hypertrophy of neuroglia 
surrounding the central canal, neuralgic pains, mus- 
cular paralysis, etc. 
Syringomyelitis, sir-in-go-me-el-e'tis (surigx, muelos, 
itis). Central myelitis producing softening and cavity- 
formation in the spinal cord. 
Syringomyelocele, sir-in-go-me-el-o-se'le (Eng. sir- 
in-go-me-el'o-seel) (syrinx, muelos, marrow, kele, tu- 
mor). Tumor formed by protrusion of posterior wall 
of dilated central canal of the cord through spina 
bifida. 
Syringomyelus, 'sir-in-go-me'el-us (syrinx, muelos). 
Monster having syringomyelocele. 
Syrin'gotome (surinx, fistula, tome, incision). In- 
strument formerly used in the operation for fistula in 
ano. It is a bistoury concave at the edge, terminated 
by a long, flexible, probe-pointed stylet. 
Syringotomy, sir-in-got'o-me. The operation for 
fistula in ano by incision. 
Syrinx, sir'inks (surinx). Eustachian tube; fistula; 
syringe; trachea. S. hi'era, vertebral column. 
Syrmaismus, sir-mase'mus (surmaiso, to evacuate). 
A gentle evacuation by vomiting or stool. 
Syrup, sir'up (Arabic sirup, sirab, or scharab, a po- 
tion). Syrupus. Saturated solution of sugar in water, 
either simple or united with some vegetable or other 
principle. See Syrupus simplex. S. of al'monds, 
syrupus amygdalae. S., antiscorbutic, syrupus anti- 
scorbuticus. S., aromat'ic, syrupus aromaticus. S. 
of asafoet'ida, syrupus asafcetidae. S., balsam'ic, 
syrupus Tolutanus. S. of black'berry root, syrupus 
Tubi. S. of buckthorn, syrupus rhamni. S. of 
cap'illaire, com'mon, syrupus simplex. S. of cin- 
cho'na with wine, syrupus de kina kind cum vino. S. 
of cincho'nia, syrupus cinchoniae. S. of cit'ric ac'id, 
syrupus acidi citrici. S. of clove July flower, sy- 
rupus caryophylli rubri. S. of clove pinks, syrupus 
carophylli rubri. S. of coch'ineal, syrupus cocci. 
S. of em'etine, syrupus emetinse. S. of e her, sy- 
rupus cum aethere sulphurico paratus. S. of five 
roots, syrupus e quinque radicibus. S. of gar'lic, 
syrupus allii. S. of gin'ger, syrupus zingiberis. S. 
of gum ar'abic, syrupus acaciae. S., hive, syrupus 
scillae compositus. S. of hon'ey, mellitum simplex. 
S. of i'odide of i'ron, liquor ferri iodidi. S. of ipe- 
cacuan'ha, syrupus ipecacuanhae. S. of jal'ap, sy- 
rupus jalapae. S. of lactophos'phate of lime, sy- 
1070 
SYRUPUS 
rupus calcis lactophosphatis. S. of lactuca'rium, 
syrupus lactucarii. S. of lem'on, syrupus limonis. 
S. of lime, syrupus calcis. S. of marsh'mallow, 
syrupus althseae. S. of mead'ow saf'fron, syrupus 
colchici autumnalis. S. of mor'phia, ac'etate of, 
syrupus morphias acetatis. S. of mor'phia, mu'riate 
of, syrupus morphiae muriatis. S. of mug'wort, 
com'pound, syrupus aromaticus. S. of mul'berries, 
syrupus mori. S. of o'pium, see Syrupus papaveris. 
S. of or'ange-flow'ers, syrupus aurantii florum. S. 
of or'ange-juice, see Syrupus aurantii. S. of or'ange- 
peel, syrupus aurantii. S. of or'geat, syrupus amyg- 
dalae. S. of phos'phate of i'ron, see Ferri phosphas. 
S. of phos'phate of i'ron, com'pound, see Ferri phos- 
phas. S. of pop'pies, syrupus papaveris. S. of 
pop'py, red, syrupus rhceados. S. of qui'nia, syrupus 
quiniae. S. of rhat'any, syrupus krameriae. S. of 
rhu'harb, syrupus rhei. S. of rhu'barb, aromat'ic, 
syrupus rhei aromaticus. S. of rhu'barb, spiced, 
syrupus rhei aromaticus. S. of roses, syrupus rosae. 
S. of roses, red, syrupus rosae gallicee. S. of saf'- 
fron, syrupus croci. S. of sarsaparil'la, syrupus 
sarsaparillae. S. of sarsaparil'la, com'pound, see Sy- 
rupus de sarsaparilla et sennd compositus. S. of sarsa- 
paril'la, In'dian, syrupus hemidesmi. S. of sarsapa- 
ril'la and sen'na, com'pound, syrupus de sarsapa- 
rilla et senna compositus. S. of scam'mony, syrupus 
de scammonio. S. of sen'eka, syrupus senegae. S. 
of sen'na, syrupus sennae. S., sim'ple, syrupus sim- 
plex. S. of squill, com'pound, syrupus scillae com- 
positus. S. of squills, syrupus scillae. S. of suc'cory, 
com'pound, syrupus de cichorio compositus. S. of 
tar, see Finns sylvestris. S. of tartar'ic a'cid, syru- 
pus acidi tartarici. S. of Tolu', syrupus tolutanus. 
S. of vin'egar, syrupus aceti. S. of vi'olets, syrupus 
violas. S. of wiid cher'ry bark, syrupus pruni Vir- 
ginianae. 
Syru'pus. S. simplex. S. aca'ciae (Ph. U. S.), 
syrup of gum arabic_ (mixture of of mu- 
cilage of acacia in of simple syrup, to make 
Oj); a good pectoral syrup; dose, f5j-f3iij. S. 
ace'ti or ac'idi aceto'si, Syrup of vinegar (aceti, Oiiss; 
sacch. purif., Ibiiiss); refrigerant and antiseptic; 
dose, f3j-ij. S. ac'idi ci'trici (Ph. U. 8.), Syrup of 
citric acid (acid, citric., gr. cl; spirit, limonis, Tt^c; sy- 
rup., Oij ; aquae, hlclx); virtues the same as those of 
the syrupus limonis. S. ac'idi hydriod'ici (Ph. U. S.), 
Syrup of hydriodic acid (iodin., gr. xcv; alcohol, ; 
syrup, fgiiss; sugar, ,§xj ; spirit of orange, t'Sj ; dis- 
tilled water, q. s. to make Oj); see Hydriodic acid; dose, 
TYLxx-xxx. S. ac'idi tartar'ici is similarly prepared. 
S. cum ae'there sulphurico para'tus, Syrup of ether 
(pure sugar, 1000 p.; distilled water, 500 p.; sulphuric 
ether, 48 p.); properties like those of ether. S. al'lii 
(Ph. U. 8.), Syrup of garlic (allii recent., ; acid, 
acet, dilut., f^xviij; sacchar., use, same 
as that of garlic; dose, f3j-f3iv. S. althae'ae (Ph. 
U. 8.), Syrup of marshmallow (althaeae, §j ; sacchar., 
§xv; aquae, q.1 s. to make Oj); emollient and demul- 
cent; dose, f3j-f3iij. S. amo'mi zingib'eris, S. zin- 
giberis. S. amyg'dalae (Ph. U. S.), Syrup of almonds, 
S. of orgeat, Orgeat (amygdal. dulc., 3 v; amygdal. 
amar., §iss; aurant. flor., sacchar., §xxv; 
aquae, q. s. to make Oij); demulcent. S. anticauso'- 
dicus, see Anticausodic. S. antiscorbu'ticus, Anti- 
scorbutic syrup (leaves of cochlearia, buckbean, water- 
cresses, horseradish root, and bitter oranges, each 
lbj ; cinnamon, §iss; white wine, ibiv; sugar, ibij); 
antiscorbutic, alterative, tonic,'stomachic, etc; dose, 
f3j-ij. S. de armora'cia compos'itus, S. antiscor- 
buticus. S. aromat'icus, Aromatic syrup, Compound 
syrup of mugwort (tops of Artemisia vulgaris, ; 
inula root, ligusticum levisticum, and fennel, each 
§ss; pennyroyal, catmint, savine leaves, each Svj; 
marjoram, hyssop, pyrethrum, rue, basil, each giij ; 
aniseed and cinnamon, each ,^ix; hydromel, ibxviij ; 
sugar, ibj); tonic, emmenagogue, etc. S. de arte- 
mis'ia compos'itus, S. antiscorbuticus. S. aspar'a- 
gi, see Asparagus. S. auran'tii U. S.), Syrup of 
orange-peel (aurant. dulc. cort., alcohol, fgiij ; 
precipitated phosphate of calcium, sugar, gxxviij; SYRUPUS 
water, q. s. to make Oij). In the Br. Pharmacopoeia 
it is made by mixing tincture of orange-peel, with 
syrup, Stomachic; dose, f3j-ij. A syrup of 
orange-juice, orange sherbet, syrupus e succo auran- 
tiorum, may be made by adding white sugar, ibij, to 
Ibj of the juice of oranges, strained and clarified. S. 
auran'tii flo'rum (Ph. U. S.), S. aurantii floris, Syrup 
of orange-flowers (aq. aurant. flor., Oss; sacchar., §xvj); 
dose, fjj. S. balsam'icus, S. tolutanus. S. cal'cii 
lactophospha'tis (Ph. U. S.), Syrup of lactophosphate of 
lime (precipitated phosphate of calcium, ; lactic acid, 
f-Jixss; orange-flower water, ; sugar, ; 
hydrochloric acid, water of ammonia, water, each 
q. s. to make Oij); see Calcis lactophosphas. S. cal'cis 
(Ph. U. S.), Syrup of lime, Saccharate or Sucrate of 
lime (lime, ; sugar, ; water, q. s. to make ; 
equal f5j of lime-water); proposed as a sub- 
stitute for lime-water. S. carophyl'li ru'bri, Syrup 
of clove July flower or clove pinks (pelatorum dianth. 
caryoph., ibj; aquae bull., Oiv; sacch. purif., ibvij); 
aromatic. S. cas'sise sen'nae, S. sennae. S. chlora'lis 
(chloral, hydrat., gr. Ixxx; aquae destillat., f^iss; 
syrup., q. s.); dose, f3j-ij ; equivalent to gr. x or xx 
of chloral. S. cincho'nae cum vi'no, S. de kina 
kina cum vino. S. cincho'niae, Syrup of cinchonia 
(simple syrup, ibj; sulphate of cinchonia, gr. ix) ; 
six spoonfuls are commonly sufficient to arrest an 
intermittent. S. ci'tri auran'tii, S. aurantii. S. 
ci'tri med'icae, S. limonum. S. coc'ci, Syrup of 
cochineal (cocc. cont., ; aq. destillat. bullient., Oj 
(imp. meas.); sacchar., ibiij or q. s.; sp. rectificat., 
or q. s.); chiefly used as a coloring agent. S. 
cum codei'na, the French Codex has a syrup of 
codeia, made by dissolving codeine in distilled water 
and adding white sugar. S. col'chici autumna'lis, 
S. colchici, Syrup of meadow saffron (rad. colch. autumn, 
recent., §j; acidiacetosi, ; sacch. pur., §xxvj); 
diuretic, antiarthritic; dose, S. cor'ticis 
auran'tii, S. aurantii. S. c. citro'num suc'co, S. 
limonum. S. cro'ci, Syrup of saffron (croci stigmat., 
; aquae fervent., Oj ; sacch. purif., ibiiss); cardiac; 
chiefly used for coloring. S. diaco'dion, diacodium. 
S. dian'thi caryophyl'li, S. caryophylli rubri. S. 
emeti'nae, Syrup of emetine (syrup., ibj; emetin., 
gr. xvj); in small doses, expectorant; in large doses, 
emetic. S. empyreumat'icus, molasses. S. fer'ri 
bro'midi, syrup of bromide of iron (iron wire, sjiss; 
bromine, f£ix; sugar, §xxviij ; distilled water, q. s. 
to make Oij); sedative tonic; usedin chorea; dose, 
rrLxxx-f'5j. s. fer'ri io'didi, liquor ferri iodidi. S. 
fer'ri phospha'tis, see Ferri phosphas. S. fer'ri, 
quini'nse et strychni'nae phospha'tum (Ph. U. S.) 
(phosphate of iron, quinine, aa gr. cccc; strychnine, 
gr. xij ; phosphoric acid, sugar, §xlij ; distilled 
water, q. s. to make Oiij); in each f.oj of the syrup 
are phosphate of iron, gr. j ; quinine, gr. j ; strych- 
nine, gr. S. fus'cus, molasses. S. hemides'mi, 
Syrup. of Indian sarsaparilla, Syrup of hemidesmus 
(hemidesm., §iv; aq. destillat. bullient., Oj ; sacchar. 
purificat., gxxviij; Ph. B.); weak preparation of 
hemidesmus; dose, f£j. S. hydrar'gyri, syrupus 
de mercurio mediante gummi. S. hypophosphi'- 
tum (Ph. U. S.), syrup of hypophosphites (hypo- 
phosphite of calcium, gr. dec; hypophosphite of 
sodium, hypophosphite of potassium, aa gr. ccxl; 
citric acid, gr. xx; spirit of lemon, sugar, 
water, q. s. to make Oij); dose, S. 
hypophosphi'tum cum fer'ro (Ph. U. S.), syrup of 
hypophosphites with iron (lactate of iron, gr. xcvi; 
syrup of hypophosphites, Oj); dose, f3j-ij ; in each 
f,5j are hypophosphites of calcium, gr. iij ; hypophos- 
phites of sodium and potassium, aa gr. j ; lactate of 
iron, gr. |. S. infusio'nis flo'rum caryophyllo'rum, 
syrupus caryophylli rubri. S. ipecacuan'hae (Ph. 
U. S.), Syrup of ipecacuanha (extract, ipecac, fluid., 
; syrup., S. de jalap'ae, Syrup of jalap 
(jalapae pulv., sem. coriandr., foenicul. dulc., aa 
3ss; aquae, sacch., §xxv); cathartic; dose, 
f3t)-iv for children. S. de kina kina cum vi'no, 
Syrup of cinchona with wine (cort. cinchonas officinalis, 
; ext. cinchonas, 3yj ; vini albi, Oj ; alcohol., ; 
1071 
SYRUPUS 
sacchar. alb., ibiss); dose, S. krame'riae 
(Ph. U. S.), Syrup of krameria or rhatany (ext. kramer. 
fluid., ; syrup., f^xxx); an adjunct to astringent 
mixtures or given in diarrhoea; ITLxx-xxx to a young 
child. S. lactuca'rii (Ph. U. S.), Syrup of lactuca- 
rium (extract, lactucarii fluid., ; syrup., f^xxix); 
dose, f3ij. S. limo'nis, S. limonum; anodyne. S. 
limo'nis suc'ci, S. limonum. S. limo'num, S. Zimonis 
(Ph. U. S.), Syrup of lemon, Lemon syrup (limon. succ., 
; limon. cort., §j ; sacchar., Sjxxviij ; water, q. 
s. to make Oij); cooling and agreeable. S. e meco'- 
nio, S. papaveris. S. de mel'le, mellitum simplex. 
S. mercu'rio median'te gum'mi (hydrargyri pur., 
; acacias, 3iij ; syrup, diacod., ; possesses the 
properties of blue pill; dose, gr. ij-viij or more. S. 
mo'ri (Ph. U. S.), Syrup of mulberries (mori succ., Oj 
(imp.); sacchar. purif., ibii|; spirit, rectificat., f^iiss); 
gratefully refrigerant; other berries may be similarly 
employed for syrups, as strawberries, raspberries, etc. 
S. mor'phise aceta'tis, Syrup of acetate of morphia 
(liq. morphias acet., f§j ; syrup., 1'5 xv); dose, 
fjjj as an opiate. S. mor'phiae muria'tis, Syrup of 
muriate or hydrochlorate of morphia (\icp morph, 
muriat., f,5j ; syrup., ; dose, as an 
opiate. S. mor'phiae sulpha'tis may be made in 
the same way. S. ni'ger, molasses. S. o'pii, Com- 
mon syrup of poppies (watery extract of opium, 
gr. xviij ; boiling water, ; properties those 
of opium and syrup; see Syrupus papaveris. S. 
de papav'ere errat'ico, S. rhceados. S. papav'eris, 
S. papaveris somniferi or papaveris albi, Syrup of 
poppies (papav. capsul., gxxxvj ; spirit, rectificat., 
; sacchar. purificat., ibiv; aquae destillat. bul- 
lient., q. s.; Ph. Br.); dose for adult, ; for 
a child, TT^xxx; much less for an infant; see Sy- 
rupus opii. S. pi'cis liq'uidae (Ph. U. S.), Syrup of 
tar (tar, ; cold water, f§v; boiling distilled 
water, fjjxx; sugar, dose, S. de 
po'mis compos'itus, see S. sennas. S. pro'teae, see 
Protea mellifera. S. pru'ni Virginia'nae (Ph. U. S.), 
Syrup of wild cherry bark (pruni Virginian., §vss; 
sacchar., ; glycerin., f£ij; aquae, q. s. to 
make Oij); dose, as a demulcent expectorant, to 
S. qui'nise, Syrup of quinia (simple syrup, Oij ; 
sulphate of quinia, gr. Ixiv); six spoonfuls are com- 
monly sufficient to arrest an intermittent. S. quin'- 
que radi'cibus, Syrup of five roots (rad. apii, fceniculi, 
apji petroselini, aa 5V; rad. asparag., rusci aculeati, 
aa aquae, Ovij ; white sugar, Ibvj); aperient and 
diuretic; used in obstructions of the liver, spleen, 
and mesentery, and in dropsy, etc. S. rham'ni or 
rham'ni cathar'tici, Syrup of buckthorn (rhamn. 
succ., Oiv; zingib., pimentae, Jia sacch. purif., 
H>v or q. s.; spirit, rectificat., f ,5vj ; Ph. B.); cathartic, 
but apt to gripe; dose, S. rhe'i (Ph. U. S.), 
Syrup of rhubarb (rhubarb, ; cinnamom., gvj ; 
potassium carbonate, ; sugar, ; water, q. s. 
to make Oij). S. rhe'i aromat'icus (Ph. U. S), Aro- 
matic or Spiced syrup of rhubarb (aromatic tincture of 
rhubarb, ; syrup, f^xiv); the aromatic syrup of 
rhubarb is a gentle carminative laxative; dose to a. 
child, f£j ; to an adult, S. rhoe'ados, Syrup of 
red poppy; the Ph. Br. has a formula for the prep- 
aration of this syrup from fresh red poppy petals, 
refined sugar, distilled water, and rectified spirit; dose, 
f)5j. S. ro'sae (Ph. U. S.), S. rosarum solutivus or e rosis 
siccis or rosse centifolise or rosaceus solutivus, Syrup of 
roses (extract, rosse fluid., ; syrup., f,5xiv); mild 
astringent; dose, f,3j. Gently laxative; dose, 
or more. S. ro'sae Gal'licae, Syrup of red roses 
(red rose, diluted alcohol); mildly astringent; added 
to stomachic infusions. S. ru'bi (Ph. U. S.), Syrup 
of blackberry root (fluid extract of rubus or blackberry, 
syrup, f^xij); gently astringent, and used as 
an addition to prescriptions for diarrhoea of children. 
S. ru'bi idce'i (Ph. U. S.), syrup of raspberry, made 
of raspberries and sugar. S. sac'chari, S. simplex. 
S. sar'sae, S. sarsaparillse. S. de sarsaparil'la et 
sen'na compos'itus, Compound syrup of sarsaparilla 
and senna (rad. sarsap., warm water, flowers of borage, 
white roses, senna leaves, and aniseed; honey, lb. SYS 
ij; boiled to a syrup); alterant, depurative, and 
sudorific; dose, S. sarsaparil'lse, Syrup 
of sarsaparilla (rad. sarsap., ibj ; aquae bullient., cong. ; 
saccb. purif., ibj) ; used in the same cases as the 
root; dose, f3j-iv and more. S. sarsaparil'lse 
compos'itus (Ph. U. S.), Compound syrup of sarsa- 
parilla (sarsaparill., lign. guaiac., rosse 
centifol., sennse, glycyrrhiz., aa §j ; sassafras, ,5SS; 
anisi, gaultherise, sacchar., alcohol, 
dilut., water, aa q. s. to make Oiiiss); dose, 
S. sar'zae, S. sarsaparillae. S. de scammo'nio, Syrup 
of scammony (scammon., sacch. alb., §iv; alco- 
hol-s. g. .985 to .915-f^viij; syrup of violets, 
f^iv); cathartic; dose, to S. scil'lse (Ph. 
U. S.), Syrup of squills (acet, scillse., Oj; sacch., 
; aquae, q. s. to make Oij); diuretic, expecto- 
rant, and emetic; used in the same cases as the 
oxymel of squills. S. scil'lse compos'itus, Compound 
honey of squills, Compound syrup of squills, Hive syrup 
(scillae, senegae, aa antim. et potass, tart., gr. 
xxviij; sacchar., §xxvj ; calcii phosphat. praecipi- 
tat., gr. xc; alcohol, dilut., aquae, aa q. s. to make Oij). 
It is often given as an emetic in cases of croup and 
in catarrh, especially in children; dose, to infants, 
10 drops to a drachm, repeated every 15 minutes if 
vomiting be desirable. S. scil'lse marit'imse, S. 
scillae. S. scillit'icus, S. scillae. S. sen'egse (Ph. 
U. S.), Syrup of seneka (extract, senegae fluid., Oss; 
aquae ammonise, f.5iss ; sacchar., 3 xxviij ; aquae, q. s. 
to make Oij); stimulant expectorant; dose, f5j-ij. 
S. sen'nse (Ph. U. S.), Syrup of senna (sennae, ; 
sacch., gxxix; alcohol, ; oil of coriander, water, 
q. s. to make Oij); cathartic; dose, f 3j to f 3j or more 
to an adult. S. sim'plex, Syrupus (Ph. U. S), Simple 
syrup, Syrup, Common syrup of capillaire (sacchar. 
pulv., §lxxx; aquae destillat., q. s.; dissolve, boil, to 
make S. de spi'na cervi'na, syrupus rhamni. 
S. de stoech'ade commu'nis, see Lavandula. S. toluta'- 
nus (Ph. U. S. and Br.), >S'. tolutani or toluiferse bal- 
sami or balsamicus, Balsamic syrup, Syrup of Tolu 
(balsam, tolut., sacchar., aquae 
destillat., q. s. to make Oij); used as a demulcent 
and to give flavor. S. vi'olse, f?. violse odoratee or 
violarum, Syrup of violets (flor, recent, viol, odorat., 
Tbij ; aq. bull., Oviij ; sacch. pur., ibxv); gently laxa- 
tive; dose, S. zingib'eris (Ph. IT. S.), Syrup 
of ginger (extract, zingib. fluid., ; aquae, q. s. to 
make Oij ; sacchar., 5 xxx); excitant to the stomach; 
dose, 
Sys. As a prefix, like sym, with. 
Sy soma, sis-o'mah (sys, soma, body). Double two- 
headed monster with bodies fused. 
Syspasia, sis-pas'e-ah (sys, spao, to draw). Clonic 
spasm with diminished sensibility and inability of 
1072 
SYZYGIUM 
utterance. S. convul'sio, convulsion. S. epilep'sia, 
epilepsy. S. hyster'ia, hysteria. 
Syssarcosis, sis-sar-ko'sis (sys, sarx, flesh, osis). 
Union of bones by means of muscles, such as the 
union of the os hyoides with the lower jaw of the 
scapula; the ribs, etc. 
Systalsis, sis-tal'sis. Systole. 
Systaltic, sis-tal'tik (sys, stello, to contract). Peri- 
staltic. A systaltic motion in a part is one in which 
there is alternate contraction and dilatation. See 
Systole. 
Systatica, sis-tat'ik-ah (sys, istemi, to place). Dis- 
eases affecting several or all of the sensorial powers 
simultaneously; irritation or inertness of mind ex- 
tending to the muscles or external senses, or of the 
muscles or external senses extending to the mind. 
System, sis'tern (sys, istemi, to place). The col- 
lection and arrangement of different matters hav- 
ing an analogy to each other or working toward 
the same end. In natural history, a methodical 
arrangement of objects for the purpose of facilitating 
study. In anatomy, an assemblage of organs com- 
posed of the same tissues and intended for similar 
functions-for instance, the nervous system, muscular 
system, etc. 
Systema, sis-ta'mah. System. S. nervo'sum 
vegetati'vum, sympathetic nervous system. S. vaso'- 
rum, vascular system. S. ve'nse porta'rum, portal 
system. 
Systematism, sis'tem-a-tism. A method according 
to which every fact of a science is collected around 
an opinion, true or false; one who reduces things to 
such a method is called a Systematist. 
Systematise sis'tem-a-tist. See Systematism. 
Systematology, sis-tem-a-tol'o-je (systema, logos, 
a discourse). The doctrine of, or a treatise on, 
systems. 
System'ic. Belonging to the general system, as 
systemic circulation in contradistinction to the pul- 
monic. S. le'sion, one confined to homologous parts, 
as the lateral or posterior columns of the spinal cord. 
Systole, sis'to-la (sys, stello, to contract). The 
movement of constriction or contraction of the heart 
to give impulse to the blood or to cause its progres- 
sion ; opposed to the diastole. 
Systolic, sis-tol'ik. Relating to the systole of the 
heart, as systolic murmur. 
Systremma, sis-trem'mah (sustremma, anything 
twisted together). Cramp of muscles of the leg. 
Syzygium jambolanum, siz-ig'e-um jam-bo-lan'um. 
Jambol, a tree growing in the East Indies, having 
edible fruit and astringent bark ; the seeds are used 
as a remedy in diabetes. S. nervo'rum, a pair of 
nerves  
1073 
17EDA 
T. 
T. Abbreviation of tension, as of the eye. 
T-bandage. T-fascia, Fascia T-formis or Heliodori, 
Crucial bandage. A bandage shaped like the letter T, 
consisting of a strip of linen of variable length and 
breadth, the middle of which is attached at right 
angles to the extremity of another strip, also of 
variable length and breadth. When two such strips 
are attached at a distance from each other, the band- 
age is called a double t ; used principally for sup- 
porting the dressings after the operation for fistula in 
ano, in diseases of the perineum, groin, anus, etc. 
T-fas'cia. T -bandage. 
T-fi'bre. Branch given off from fibre of multipo- 
lar ganglion-cell. 
Taba'ci fo'lia. Nicotiana tabacum. 
Tabacinus, tab-as-e'nus. Color of tobacco-pale- 
brown. 
Tabacosis, tab-ak-o'sis. Production of disease by 
inhaling vegetable fibres. 
Taba'cum (tobacco) (Ph. U. S.). Dried leaves of 
Nicotiana tabacum. 
Tab'anus (the horsefly). Fly in the Hudson's 
Bay Territory, called Bulldog by the voyageurs, which 
makes a perforation like a leech-bite, from which it 
sucks the blood. 
Tabardillo, tab-ar-dil'lo. A kind of highly ady- 
namic fever common in South America. 
Tabasheer, tab'ash-eer. Tabaschir, Tabaxir. Sub- 
stance found in the knots of the bamboo in the East 
Indies, as a consequence of a morbid condition of the 
part; used formerly in obstruction of the bowels. 
The sweet juice of the bamboo stalks has also been 
called tabasheer. 
Tabefaction, tab-e-fak'shun (tabes, wasting, facio, 
to make). Emaciation. 
Tabefy, tab'e-fi. To emaciate. 
Tabella, tab-el'lah. Lozenge, Tablet. A solid med- 
icine composed of a powder, sugar, and mucilage. 
See Pastil and Trochisci. Tabellae are not official in 
the Ph. U. S. T. ad ardo'rem ventric'uli, trochisci 
carbona tis calcis. T. car dial 'gicse, trochisci car- 
bonatis calcis. T. nitroglyceri'ni, tablets containing 
chocolate, gr. iiss, and nitroglycerin, gr. (Ph. Br.). 
Taberna medlca, tab-ur'nah med'ik-ah (taberna, 
a shop). An apothecary shop. 
Tabernsemontana utilis, tab-ur-ne-mon-tan'ah 
u'til-is (after Tabernsemontanus, a German botanist). 
A tree of British Guiana, called by the natives hya- 
hya, the bark and pith of which yield a milk used 
as a refreshing drink. 
Tabes, tab'ees (tabeo, to decay). Tabidness, Decline, 
Consumption, Wasting. Emaciation of the whole body 
with general languor, hectic fever, and for the most 
part depressed spirits. T., at'rophy, phthisis. T. 
coxa/ria, wasting from suppuration of the hip-joint. 
T. diabet'ica, diabetes mellitus. T. diuret'ica, dia- 
betes mellitus. T. dorsa'lis, wasting of the body, 
attended at first with a pain in the back or loins, 
and afterward in the neck or head, sometimes 
caused, it has been conceived, by too early or too 
frequent addiction to venery. The term is now 
almost entirely employed synonymously with loco- 
motor ataxy. T. glandula'ris, T. mesenterica; scrof- 
ula. T. ischiad'ica, ischiophthisis. T. lac'tea, at- 
rophy of nursing women; see Galactia. T. mesen- 
ter'ica, an engorgement and tubercular degeneration 
of the mesenteric glands, followed by emaciation and 
general disorder of the nutritive functions. T. nu- 
tri'cum, atrophia lactantium; see Galactia. T. os'sis 
sa'cri, tabes dorsalis. T. pecto'rea, rhachitis. T. 
pulmona'lis, phthisis pulmonalis. T. scrofulo'sa, 
T. mesenterica. T. se'num, marasmus senilis. 
Tabescence, tab-es'sence. Emaciation. 
Tabescent, tab-es'sent. Wasting; afflicted with 
tabes. 
Tabetic, tab-et'ik. Belonging to or affected with 
tabes. T. arthri'tis, Charcot's joint disease; nutri- 
tional changes in joints occurring in locomotor ataxia. 
T. arthrop'athy, see T. arthritis and Charcot. T. 
neuri'tis, degenerative changes in peripheral nerves, 
found in locomotor ataxia. 
Tabid, tab'id. Relating or appertaining to tabes. 
Wasted by disease. 
Tabidness, tab'id-ness. Tabes. 
Tabific, tab-if'ik (t«6es, facio, to make). That 
which causes consumption or phthisis. 
Ta'ble. A name given to the plates of compact 
tissue which form the bones of the cranium. Of 
these, one is external, the other internal, and called 
tabula vitrea on account of its brittleness. 
Tab'let. A small table; trochiscus; see Tabellee. 
T., vo'tive, see Tabula votiva. 
Tabula, tab'u-lah. Tabella; table. T. vit'rea, 
see Table. T. voti'va, Votive tablet, a tablet hung up 
as an offering in the ancient temples by the sick, 
descriptive of their diseases and mode of cure, or by 
those who had been preserved from some calamity. 
Tabulatum, tab-u-lat'um (tabula). Tabella ; table. 
Tab'um (allied to Tabes). Ichor; sanies; plague. 
Taca (Malay name) oceanica, tak'ka o-she-an'ik- 
ah. See Arrow root, Tahiti. 
Tacamahaca, tak-am-ah-hak'ah. Fagara octandra. 
T. carag'na, caranna. 
Tachometer, tak-om'e-tur (tachus, quick, metron, 
measure). See Heematochometer. 
Tachycardia, tak-e-kar'de-ah (tachus, quick, kardia, 
heart). Rapid action of the heart. T. strumo sa, see 
Exophthalmia. 
Tachyiater, tak-e-at'ur (tachus, quick, iatros, phy- 
sician). One who cures speedily. 
Tachyiatria, tak-e-at-re'ah (tachus, quick, iatreia, 
healing). The art of curing quickly. 
Tachyphrasia, tak-e-fras'e-ah (tachus, quick, phrasis, 
speech). Great volubility in speech, sometimes a 
symptom of mental aberration. 
Tachythanatous, tak-e-than'at-us (tachus, quick, 
thanatos, death). Speedily fatal. 
Tachytomy, tak-it'o-me (tachus, quick, tome, incis- 
ion). The art of cutting or operating rapidly. 
Taciturn, tas'e-turn (taceo, to be silent), Silent or 
reserved. 
Taciturnity, tas-e-turn'it-e (taceo, to be silent). 
State of a person who does not speak. Morbid taci- 
turnity sometimes exists as a symptom of the neu- 
roses, especially of melancholy. 
Tact (tango, tactum, to touch). A modification of 
the sense of touch. Passive judgment by the cutane- 
ous nerves regarding bodies exterior to the skin. 
Tact is passive; touch, active. 
Tactile, tak'til. Relating or appertaining to tact 
or touch. T. cells, cells forming end-organs of nerves. 
T. cen'tre, hypothetical centre for sensation of touch, 
placed in the hippocampal region of the brain. T. 
cor'puscles, small end-organs of nerves in papillary 
layer of the skin and various mucous membranes. T. 
disk, termination of nerve between cells of Grandry ; 
found in skin covering bills of ducks and geese. T. 
menis'ci, expansion of axis-cylinder of nerves applied 
to cells of deeper layers of epidermis in parts endowed 
with special sensibility. T. papil'lse, papillae of skin 
containing T. corpuscles. T. re'flexes, reflex move- 
ments caused by excitation of nerves of touch. T. 
sensa'tion, sense of touch. 
Taction, tak'shun. Touch. 
Tactus, tak'tus. Tact; touch. T. dolorif'icus, 
sensation of pain to the touch. T. exper'tus or eru- 
di'tus, touch cultivated to a highly sensitive degree; 
see Palpation. 
Taeda, te'dah (a torch). A medicine employed un- 
der the form of fumigation, pessary, or troch. 17ENIA 
Taenia, te'ne-ah (tainia, a band, a fillet, a ribbon). 
Fascia. See Bandage. Also a genus of intestinal 
worms-tapeworms-characterized by an elongated, 
flattened, and articulated body. Of this genus four 
only inhabit the human body.-Taenia lata (see Both- 
riocephalus latus), Taenia solium, Teenia saginata or 
mediocanellata, and T. echinococcus. T. acanthot'- 
rias, see Parasites. T. aceph'ala, bothriocephalus 
latus. T. arma'ta, taenia solium. T. articzulos de- 
mit'tens, taenia solium. T. canella'ta, see Teenia. 
T. coenu'rus, see Ccenurus. T. cor'nea, striae termi- 
nalis. T. cucumeri'na, tapeworm found in lower 
animals and occasionally in man. T. cucurbiti'na, 
taenia solium. T. denta'ta, bothriocephalus latus. 
T. echinococ'cus, tapeworm of dog, scolex; when 
ingested produces echinococcus or hydatid cysts in 
man. T. ellip'tica, see Parasites. T. ilavopuncta'ta, 
see Parasites. T. for'nicus, white stria running along 
margin of third ventricle from pillar of fornix to 
pineal gland. T. gris'ea, bothriocephalus latus. T. 
hippocam'pi, corpora fimbriata. T. huma'na ar- 
ma'ta, taenia solium. T. huma'na Iner'mis, bothrio- 
cephalus latus. T. hydatig'ena, hydatid. T. iner'- 
mis, T. mediocanellata. T. la'ta, bothriocephalus 
latus. T. lophoso'ma, see Parasites. T. Madagas- 
carien'sis, a rare form of tapeworm. T. margi- 
na'ta, tapeworm found in dog. T. mediocanel- 
la'ta, worm derived from beef, and frequently fif- 
teen or twenty feet long, with a larger head than the 
taenia solium, and with larger and fuller segments; 
see Parasites and Worms. T. medul'lae oblonga'tae, 
band on surface of wall of fourth ventricle. T. mem- 
brana'cea, bothriocephalus latus. T. na'na, see 
Worms and Parasites. T. nervo'sa Halleri, ganglion 
of Gasser. T. os'culis lateral'ibus gem'inis, bothrio- 
cephalus latus. T. os'culis lateral'ibus solita'riis, 
bothriocephalus latus. T. os'culis marginal'ibus sol- 
ita'riis, taenia solium. T. os'culis superficial'ibus, 
bothriocephalus latus. T. plex'us choroi'dei ven- 
tric'uli quar'ti, posterior portion of the roof of the 
fourth ventricle. T. pon'tis, band of white fibres 
passing from the gray substance of the posterior per- 
forated space to the medullary centre of the cer- 
ebellum. T. pri'ma, bothriocephalus latus. T. 
sagina'ta, T. mediocanellata. T. secun'da, taenia so- 
lium. T. semicircula'ris, a medullary, grayish, 
semitransparent layer situate in the groove separating 
the thalamus opticus from the corpus striatum in the 
lateral ventricle. T. si'nus rhomboida'lis, T. plexus 
choroidei ventriculi quarti. T. so'lium (solus, alone, 
because at one time supposed to be always alone), 
Long or Pork tapeworm, is commonly a few feet long; 
sometimes its length is enormous. It is said to have 
been met with 600 feet long. It principally inhabits 
the small intestines; see Parasites and Worms. T. 
stria'ta or Tari'ni, T. semicircularis; lamina cornea. 
T. tenel'la, bothriocephalus latus. T. ventric'uli 
quar'ti, T. medullae oblongatse. T. vulga'ris, both- 
riocephalus latus. 
Taeniacide, te'ne-a-side (teenia, credo, to kill). Tae- 
niafuge. 
Tae'niae (pl. of Taenia, a band) acus'ticae. Pro- 
cessus teretes. T. co'li, see CoZon. T. for'nicis, white 
striae running transversely across floor of fourth ven- 
tricle. T. fo'veae rhomboida'lis, T. fornicis. T. 
longitudina'les, see Colon. T. Valsal'vae co'li, see 
Colon. T. viola'cea, see Locus ceeruleus. 
Taeniafuge, te'ne-a-fuge (teenia, fugo, to drive off). 
Taeniacide, Teenicide. A remedy calculated to expel 
or destroy taenia. 
Taenicide, te'ne-side (teenia, ceedo, to kill). A de- 
stroyer of the taenia or tapeworm. 
Taenifuge, te'ne-fuge. Taeniafuge. 
Taeniin (te'ne-in) or Taeniine, te'ne-een. See Hagenia 
Abyssinica. 
Taenioid, te'ne-oid. Resembling a ribbon or taenia. 
Taaniola, te-ne'o-lah (dim. of Taenia). A simple, 
band-like, or flat fibre-Filum taeniaforme-seen under 
the microscope. T. cine'reae, fascia dentata. T. cor'- 
poris callo'si, prolongation of peduncle of septum 
lucidum. 
1074 
TAMARINDUS 
Tafia, taf'e-ah. Rum. 
Tag al'der. Alnus incana. T. sore, a name popu- 
larly given in England to ovine variola. 
Tagliacotian (tal-e-ah-ko'shan) opera'tion (after 
G. Tagliacozzi of Bologna, died 1593). See Rhino- 
plasty. 
Tail. Caudal extremity. Also used to designate 
the smaller end of organs, as tail of pancreas, tail of 
epididymis. 
Tail-bone. Coccyx. 
Tail-fold. Hollow or fold in the embryo including 
the hind-gut. 
Tait's knot. Used in ligation of the pedicle in in- 
tra-abdominal surgery. A double ligature is passed 
through the pedicle, leaving a loop which is carried 
back over the pedicle; one end of the ligature then 
being passed through the loop and both ends tied. 
T.'s opera'tion, removal of uterine appendages, as 
of ovaries and Fallopian tubes for uterine myoma, 
and of Fallopian tube for pyosalpinx, etc. 
Takamahaka, tak-ah-mah-hak'ab. Fagara octan- 
dra. 
Ta'ken down. See Attack. 
Ta'king. See Contagious. 
Talc. Combination of hydrated magnesian sil- 
icate with iron and alumina in small quantities. T. 
earth, magnesia. 
Talcum, tal'kum. Talc. T. nephret'icum, neph- 
reticus lapis. 
Talen'tum (talentori). An ancient weight equal to 
54 pounds 2 oz. 5 dr. and 24 grains, Poids de Marc. 
See Weights and Measures. 
Taleolus, tal-a'ol-us (dim. of Talus). Malleolus. 
Taliacotian (tal-e-ak-o'shan) opera'tion. Rhino- 
plasty. See Tagliacotian. 
Talinum umbellatum, tal-e'num um-bel-lat'um. 
See Mistura. 
Talipes, tal'ip-ees (talus, ankle, pes, foot). Kyllosis 
(club-foot). T. calca'neo-val'gus, T. calcaneus with 
T. valgus. T. calca'neo-va'rus, see Kyllosis. T. cal- 
ca'neus, see Kyllosis. T. ca'vus, exaggeration of nor- 
mal concavity of sole. T. equi'no-val'gus, see Kyllo- 
sis. T. equi'no-va'rus, T. equinus with T. varus. T. 
equi'nus, see Kyllosis. T. val'gus, see Kyllosis. T. 
va'rus, see Kyllosis. 
Tal'ldw. Hard fat of neat cattle. Bayberry. See 
Wax, myrtle. 
Talocalca'neal (talus, astragalus, calcaneum). Re- 
lating to the astragalus and calcaneum, as the talo- 
calcaneal articulation. 
Taloflb'ular lig'aments. Anterior and middle fas- 
ciculi of external lateral ligament. 
Taloscaphoid, tal-o-skaf'oid (talus, scaphoid). As- 
tragaloscaphoid. Relating or appertaining to the as- 
tragalus and scaphoid, as the taloscaphoid ligament. 
Talotib'ial lig'ament. Portion of internal lateral 
ligament of ankle. 
Tal'pa (a mole). A tumor situate on the head, 
supposed to burrow like a mole. A wen; a mole. 
Talparia, tal-pah're-ah. Talpa. 
Talpiform, tal'pe-form. Formed like a mole. 
Tal'us. Astragalus; malleolus; ankle. See Calca- 
neum and Pessary. 
Tam'ara con'ga. Averrhoa carambola. 
Tam'arac. Bark of Larix Americana; tonic and 
astringent. 
Tamarse'a zec'la. Tamarindus. 
Tamarin'di pul'pa. Pulp of tamarinds. Made by 
digesting them with a small quantity of water until 
they become of a uniform consistence; then separat- 
ing the seeds and filaments by pressing through a 
hair sieve. 
Tam'arinds, pulp of. See Tamarindi pulpa and 
Tamarindus. 
Tamarin'dus ([Arab.] tamar hendi, Indian date). 
T. officinalis, Tamarind tree. Ord. Leguminosse. The 
preserved pulp of the tamarind, Tamarindus (Ph. U. S), 
exported from the West Indies, preserved in syrup; 
refrigerant and laxative. Tamarind whey is made by 
boiling of the pulp with Ibiss of milk. When 
strained it is used as a diluent in fever. TAMARISCUS 
Tamaris'cus (Tamaris, now Tambro, on the borders 
of the Pyrenees). Tamarix. 
Tam'arisk. See Tamarix. 
Tam'arix. The Tamarisk tree, ord. Tamariscinese. 
The bark, wood, and leaves were formerly employed 
medicinally; the former for its aperient and cor- 
roborant virtues in obstructions of the liver; the 
latter in icterus, haemoptysis, and cutaneous affec- 
tions. From T. orientalis are obtained tamarisk galls, 
an excrescence growing upon its branches; from T. 
mannifera, an exudation called tamarisk manna. 
Tam'bor oil. Purgative oil obtained from Om- 
phalea oleifera. 
Tambour (F.) (a drum). Drum-like instrument 
for registering movements of the heart. 
Tam'nus commu'nis. Tamus communis. 
Tam'pan. An insect belonging to the group of 
Acaridte or ticks, well known in S. Africa, dreaded 
by the inhabitants for its bite and the consequences. 
Tampicin, tam'pe-sin. Resin from Tampico jalap. 
Tampico jalap, tam-pe'ko jal'ap. Tuber of Ipomsea 
simulaus. 
Tam'pon (F.) (a bung, a plug). See Plugging. 
Tamponade'. Application of a tampon. 
Ta'mus or Tam'nus commu'nis. Root is diuretic, 
and given as an antilithic, and as a topical applica- 
tion for removing bruise-marks. 
Tanacetic (tan-a-se'tik) ac'id. Tanisic acid. Pre- 
pared by the distillation of the heads of common 
tansy; is deposited in colored crystals, soluble in al- 
cohol and ether; operates as a vermifuge in the same 
doses as santonin. 
Tanace'tin. Bitter principle from Tanacetum vul- 
gare. 
Tanacetum, tan-as-e'tum. Hindheel, Tansy, ord. 
Composite. Leaves and flowers of tansy--Tanacetum 
(Ph. LT. S.)-and the whole herb have a peculiar, 
strong odor and warm, bitter taste. They are tonic, 
deobstruent, and anthelmintic; dose, gss to 5j. The 
infusion is usually drunk as a tea. T. balsami'ta, 
Costmary, Alecost, Cockmint; fragrant-smelling herb, 
somewhat resembling mint, formerly much esteemed 
as a corroborant, carminative, and emmenagogue. 
T. horten'se, T. balsamita. T. multiflo'rum, S. Afri- 
can plant used as a tonic, antispasmodic, and anthel- 
mintic ; given in flatulency, gout, amenorrhoea, and 
dropsy; especially prescribed in cases of ascarides, 
lumbricoides, and other entozoa. It is administered 
in the form of powder or infusion; the latter acting 
also as a diaphoretic and diuretic; likewise as a re- 
solvent and anodyne fomentation. 
Tana'sia. Tanacetum. 
Tan'ge (tange, rancidity). A putrescent tumor. 
Tan'gent (tango, to touch). Touching. T. galvan- 
om'eter, appliance for measuring the current-strength 
of a battery. 
Tangential (tan-jen'shal) ful'crum-cells. External 
molecular layer. 
Tanghin'ia (Madagascar tanghin). Cerbera tan- 
ghin. 
Tangle, tan'gel. Laminaria digitata. T., big, Pila 
marina. T., blue, Gaylussacia dumosa. T., sea, 
Laminaria digitata. 
Taninum, tan-e'num. Tannin. 
Tanisic (tan-is'ik) ac'id. Tanacetic acid. 
Tanjore pill. Pilules Asiatic®. 
Tan'nate. Salt of tannic acid. T. of cannabin and 
T. of quinine are those employed. The latter is some- 
times called tasteless quinine, and given in tablets to 
children. 
Tan'nlc ac'id. Tannin. 
Tan'nicum pu'rum. Tannin. 
Tan'nin. Tannic acid; principle obtained from 
oak bark and other astringent vegetables, so called 
from its forming the chief agent in the process of tan- 
ning. Pure tannin obtained from galls by the action 
of ether has been employed as an excellent and pow- 
erful astringent; dose, two grains several times a day. 
T. albu'minate, astringent like tannin, but taste is 
less unpleasant. T. glyc'erol, glycerin of tannic acid. 
Tan'ret's test. Test for albumin, composed of 
1075 
TARAXACERIN 
mercuric chloride 135, potassum iodide 332, acetic 
acid 20 ; distilled water to make 1000 parts. 
Tansy, tan'ze. Tanacetum. T., maud'lin, Achillea 
ageratum. T., wild, Potentilla anserina. 
Taofoo. See Casein. 
Tape-grass. Eel-grass. 
Tapeinocephalic, tap-i-no-sef-al'ic (tapeinos, low, de- 
based, kephale, head). Term applied to skulls the 
conformation of which indicates a low type of develop- 
ment. 
Ta'per, high. Verbascum nigrum. 
Tapes, tap'ees (tapes, a carpet). Tapetum. 
Tapetum, tap-a'tum (tapestry, a carpet). See Cor- 
pus callosum. T. alve'oli, the outer membrane of the 
teeth ; the lining membrane or periosteum of the 
alveoli. T. choroi'dese, a shining spot on the outside 
of the optic nerve in the eyes of certain animals, due 
to the absence of the pigmentum nigrum, occasioning 
the reflection of a portion of the rays from the mem- 
brana Ruyschiana. Its use appears to be, by reflecting 
the rays, to cause a double impression on the retina, 
and thus add to the intensity of vision. T. lu'cidum, 
T. choroidese; also radiating fibres of corpus callosum. 
T. ni'grum or oc'uli, pigmentary layer of retina. 
Tape'worm. Taenia. T., broad, bothriocephalus 
latus. T., long, taenia solium. 
Tapinocephaly, tap-in-o-sef'al-e (tapeinos, low, 
kephale, head). Condition of a skull with flattened 
vault. 
Tapinocranius, tap-in-o-kran'e-us (tapeinos, low, 
kranion, skull). Skull having relatively too little 
height as compared to length. 
Tapioca, tap-e-o'kah. See Jatropha manihot. T. 
meal, Brazilian arrow root. T., pearl, see Jatropha 
manihot. 
Tapiroid, ta'pir-oid. Like a tapir's snout, as in 
elongated cervix uteri. 
Ta'pis (tapes, a carpet). Tapetum. 
Tapotement (F.), tap-ote'mon. Form of percussion 
employed in massage. 
Tap'ping. Paracentesis. 
Tapsaria, tap-sah're-ah. Decoctum hordei. 
Tap'sus barba'tus. Verbascum nigrum. 
Tar. See Pinus sylvestris. T. ac'ne, a form of acne 
resulting from the application of fluid tar or from the 
action of the atmosphere impregnated with the vapor 
of tar. T., Barba'does, petroleum. T. beer, see Pinus 
sylvestris. T. infu'sion, see Pinus sylvestris. T., min'- 
eral, pissasphaltum. T. oint'ment, unguentum picis 
liquidae. T. water, see Pinus sylvestris. T. wine, see 
Pinus sylvestris. 
Tar-and-soot can'cer. Epithelioma of the scrotum. 
Ta'ra. An epidemic contagious disease in Siberia, 
in the town of Tara, which resembled somewhat the 
button scurvy of Ireland. 
Taracannin, tar-a-kan'nin. Crystallizable princi- 
ple from cockroach; supposed diuretic. 
Tarache, tar'ak-e (tarache, disorder). A disorder of 
sight which arises from a blow, compression of the 
eye, the action of dust, smoke, or other external cause. 
Also mild or incipient ophthalmia. 
Tarag'ma (taragma). Tarache. 
Tarag'mus (taragmos). Tarache. 
Tar'agon. Artemisia dracunculus. 
Tar'aho. Peltandra Virginica. 
Tarantismus, tah-ran-tiz'mus (from Tarentum or 
Taranto, where it was observed). Tarantism. A 
feigned or imaginary disease in Apulia, characterized 
by excessive avidity for dancing at the sound of in- 
struments, at first ascribed by the vulgar to the bite 
of the tarantula. A sort of tarantismus peculiar to 
Africa, and believed to be spontaneous, has been 
called Tarentismus Tangitanus. Also a form of dan- 
cing chorea. 
Tarantula, tah-ran'tu-lah (same etymon). Taren- 
tula. A species of spider whose bite has been looked 
upon as dangerous. 
Tarassis, tah-ras'sis (tarasso, to throw into disor- 
der). Male hysteria. 
Taraxacerin, tah-raks-as'er-in. Crystallizable prin- 
ciple of taraxacum. TARAXACI RADIX 
Tarax'aci ra'dix. Leontodon taraxacum. 
Taraxacin, tah-raks'as-in. Bitter principle of ta- 
raxacum. 
Taraxacum, tah-raks'a-kum (tarasso, to disturb or 
disorder). Leontodon taraxacum. T. dens leo'nis, 
Leontodon taraxacum. T. offlcina'le orT. vulga're, 
Leontodon taraxacum. 
Tarax'is (taraxis). Tarache; slight external oph- 
thalmia ; ophthalmia. 
Tarchon (tar'kon) sylves'tris. Achillea ptarmica. 
Tardieu's (tar'de-u's) spots. Punctiform ecchy- 
moses seen beneath the pleura after death from 
asphyxia. 
Tarentismus, tah-ren-tiz'mus. Tarantismus. T. 
Tangita'nus, tarantismus. 
Tarentula, tah-ren'tu-lah. Tarantula. 
Tarentulism, tah-ren'tu-lizm. Tarantismus. 
Tar'gar. Juuiperus communis. 
Tari. Palm or cocoa wine, from which sugar was 
obtained, called jagry; once used as a tonic. 
Tarini (tar-e'ne) fas'cia (after the anatomist Tarin). 
Fascia dentata. T. pons, cineritious substance be- 
tween the corpora albicantia which unites the crura 
and assists in forming the bottom of the third ven- 
tricle. The fossa at the bottom of which it is placed 
is called locus perforatus posticus, posterior perforated 
space, substantia or laminata perforata posterior. T. 
val'vula, see Valvula. 
Tari'nus, fas'cia of. Fascia dentata. T., pons of, 
see Tarini. T., valve of, valvula Tarini. 
Ta'ro. Arum esculentum. 
Tar'sal (tarsus). That which relates to the tarsus. 
T. arches, made by palpebral arteries passing across 
tarsal cartilages. T. ar'tery, branch of dorsalis pedis 
artery. T. articula'tions result from the union of the 
bones of the tarsus with each other. T. canal', channel 
under the head of the abductor hallucis through which 
pass the main vessels and nerves to the sole of the 
foot; interarticular canal of tarsus. T. car'tilages, 
see Tarsus. T. cyst, chalaza. T. lig'aments, fibrous 
bands running from the eyelids to the malar and nasal 
process of superior maxillary bones; see Tarsea lata. 
T. tu'mor, chalaza. 
Tarsalgia, tar-sal'je-ah (tarsus, algos, pain). Pain, 
gouty or other, in the tarsus. 
Tarsea lata (tar'se-ah lat'ah) ligamen'ta. Three 
ligaments stretching from the edge of the orbit to that 
of the tarsi. 
Tarsectomy, tar-sek'to-me (tarsus, ektome, excision). 
Excision of all or part of the tarsus. 
Tarsectopia, tar-sek-top'e-ah (tarsus, ektopos, out of 
place). Dislocation of the tarsus. 
Tarseus (tar'se-us) or Tar'sian. Tarsal. 
Tarsitis, tar-se'tis. Inflammation of the tarsal car- 
tilages. 
Tarsocheiloplastic, tar-so-ki-lo-plas'tik (tarsus, chei- 
los, edge, plasso, to mould). Operation for the repair 
of the edges of the eyelids in trichiasis. 
Tarsometatarsal, tar-so-met-a-tar'sal. That which 
relates to tarsus and metatarsus. T. articula'tions 
are those between the bones of the second row of the 
tarsus and the metatarsal bones. T. lig'aments, those 
connected with the tarsometatarsal joints, some of 
which are dorsal and others plantar. 
Tarsophyma, tar-so-fe'mah (tarsus, phuma, tumor). 
Tumor of the tarsus. 
Tarsoplasty, tar'so-plas-te (tarsus, plasso, to mould). 
Plastic operation upon the eyelid. 
Tarsorhaph'ia or Tarsorrhaph'ia. Tarsorrhaphy. 
Tarsorrhaphy, tar-sor'rha-fe (tarsus, rhaphe, suture). 
Operation for diminishing the size of the opening be- 
tween the eyelids when enlarged by surrounding 
cicatrices. 
Tarsotomy, tar-sot/o-me (tarsus, tome, incision). 
The section or removal of the tarsal cartilages. 
Tarsus, tar'sus (tarsos). Posterior part of the foot. 
It consists of seven bones arranged transversely in 
two rows, between which amputation is sometimes 
performed. The first or tibial row consists of the 
astragalus and os calcis; the second or metatarsal, of 
the scaphoid, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones. 
1076 
TAURYLIC ACID 
Tarsi, Tarsal cartilages, Tarsal fibro-car Wages, Cilia, are 
two small cartilaginous layers seated in the substance 
of the free edge of each eyelid. The upper is larger 
and broader than the lower. Both commence at the 
bifurcated extremity of the tendon and of the orbic- 
ularis palpebrarum, and pass to the opposite com- 
missure of the eyelids. They are broader in the 
middle than at their extremities. 
Tar'tar. Antimonium tartarizatum, (improperly) 
potassii supertartras impurus. T., calca'reous, potas- 
sii subcarbonas. T., cream of, potassii bitartras. T., 
crys'tals of, potassii supertartras. T. emet'ic, anti- 
monium tartarizatum. T., salt of, see Potash and Po- 
tassii subcarbonas. T., sol'uble, potassii tartras; see 
Potash. T. of the teeth, see Odontolithus. 
Tar'tarated an'timony. Antimonium tartariza- 
tum. T. i'ron, ferrum tartarizatum. T. so'da, sodium 
tartrate. 
Tartari crystalli, tar'tar-e kris-tal'le. Potassii 
supertartras. 
Tartar'ic ac'id. Tartareous acid. H2C4H4O6. An 
organic acid of crystalline form, found in the vegeta- 
ble kingdom, chiefly in grapes and acid fruits. It is 
refrigerant and antiseptic, but is chiefly used for 
making effervescent draughts with soda. Obtained 
from acid tartrate of potassium. Tartaric lemonade, 
Tartaric acid lemonade, is made by adding syrup of 
tartaric acid to water. 
Tar'tarized an'timony. Antimonium tartariza- 
tum. T. i'ron, ferrum tartarizatum. 
Tar'tarum. Potassii supertartras impurus. T. 
solu'bile, potassii tartras. T. vitriola'tum, potassii 
sulphas. 
Tar'tarus ammo'nise. Ammonii tartras. T. 
chalybea'tus, ferrum tartarizatum. T. cru'dus, po- 
tassii supertartras impurus. T. den'tium, see Odonto- 
lithus. T. emet'icus, antimonium tartarizatum. T. 
kalicofer'ricus, ferrum tartarizatum. T. kali'nus, 
potassii tartras. T. lixiv'ise, potassii tartras. T. 
martia'lis, ferrum tartarizatum. T. potas'sii ferru- 
gino'sus, ferrum tartarizatum. T. stibia'tus, anti- 
monium tartarizatum. T. subpotas'sicus, potassii 
supertartras. T. superpotas'sicus, potassii supertar- 
tras. T. tartariza'tus, potassii tartras. 
Taschkent (tash'kent) ul'cer. Sartian disease. 
Endemic malady of Taschkent. It occurs on the face 
as a red spot, with induration of the skin and finally 
ulceration. 
Ta'sis (tasis). Extension ; tension. 
Taste. One of the five external senses, which in- 
structs us as to the savor of bodies, and of which the 
tongue is the principal organ. Gustation is the exer- 
cise of this faculty. In disease the taste frequently 
becomes variously vitiated. The nerves associated 
with taste are the glossopharyngeal and the lin- 
gual branch of the fifth pair. See Savor. T. buds, 
flask-shaped bodies surrounding the circumvallate 
papillae of the tongue, and supposed to be special 
organs of taste. T. cells, spindle-shaped cells found 
in the taste buds. 
Taste'less ague-drops. Solution of an arsenical 
compound, usually Fowler's solution. 
Tattoo'ing. A practice of puncturing the skin and 
forcing coloring matters into the punctures. Sailors 
in all countries are in the custom of practising it by 
rubbing or forcing gunpowder into the punctures. 
The figures thus formed remain through life. The 
process has also been employed surgically, as in cases 
of opacity of the cornea. 
Tatze, tat'za. The fruit of Myrsina Africana, 
native of Abyssinia, the Cape of Good Hope, the 
Azores, and Algeria; used as a tseniafuge. 
Taurin, taw'rin. Amido-ethyl-sulphonic acid ; a 
substance found in bile in combination with cholalic 
acid; solid, colorless, and crystallizable. 
Taurocholic (taw-rok'o-lik) acid. See Cholic acid. 
Taurus, taw'rus (tatiros). Penis; perineum. Of 
old the lower part of the male organ with the raphe 
extending to the anus. 
Taurylic (taw-ril'ik) acid (tauros, a bull). Sub- 
stance resembling carbolic acid found in urine. TAUYA 
Tau'ya, Tayu'ga, Tayu'ya. Root of South Amer- 
ican plant, used in Brazil as a remedy for syphilis and 
dropsies. 
Taxine, taks'een. Crystalline alkaloid found in 
seeds and leaves of Taxus baccata. 
Tax'is (tasso, to arrange). Syntaxis. Methodical 
pressure exerted by the hand on a hernial tumor for 
the purpose of reducing it. Too strong pressure of 
parts must be avoided, as inflammation and gangrene 
might be induced. The displaced organs must be 
pushed into the abdomen, according to the direction 
of the axis of the hernial sac. 
Taxodium distichum, tax-o'de-um dis'tik-um 
(taxos, the yew tree, eidos, resemblance). Cypress, 
American or Bald cypress. Indigenous; ord. Conif- 
erae ; a balsam obtained from it is applied to cuts and 
wounds. The resin from the cones is diuretic and 
carminative. 
Taxonomic, taks-o-nom'ik. Relating or appertain- 
ing to taxonomy or biotaxy. 
Taxonomy, taks-on'o-me (taxis, order, nomos, law). 
Arrangement or co-ordination of living organisms. 
Taxus baccata, taks'us bak-kat'ah (taxos, the yew). 
The Yew tree, Smilax, family Conifer®. The fruit 
may be eaten without inconvenience, unless the stones 
be swallowed, when poisoning may occur. The leaves 
have been recommended in epilepsy; the resin ob- 
tained from the bark has been called albir. T. Cana- 
den'sis, American yew, Ground hemlock; indigenous; 
the leaves are said to be sedative. 
Tax'wax. See Nucha. 
Tayuga. Plant of S. America, whose root is con- 
sidered anthelmintic. 
Tea. Thea. T., ap'ple, see Apple tea. T., Baha'- 
ma, Lantana camara. T., beef, see Beef tea. T., 
ber'ried, gaultheria. T., Blank'enheim, see Galeopsis 
grandiflora. T., Brazil', Lantana pseudothea. T., 
Bush'man's, Methystophyllum glaucum. T., Caf'fre, 
Helichrysum nudifolium. T., chick'en, see Chicken 
tea. T., flax'seed, infusum lini compositum. T., 
gin'ger, infusum ziugiberis. T., Hot'tentot's, Heli- 
chrysum serpyllifolium. T., Lab'rador, Ledum lati- 
folium. T. leaf eye, conjunctivitis with muco-puru- 
lent discharge resulting from prolonged application of 
tea-leaves to the eyes, as practised in domestic medi- 
cine. T., lem'on-peel, see Citrus medica. T., lye, 
Phys'ick's, see Fuligokali. T., marsh, Ledum palus- 
tre. T., Mex'ico, Chenopodium ambrosioides. T., 
mint, infusum menth®. T., moun'tain, gaultheria. 
T., mut'ton, see Mutton tea. T., New Jer'sey, celas- 
trus. T., Oswe'go, Monarda coccinea. T., Par'aguay, 
Ilex Paraguensis. T., red'berry, gaultheria. T., 
sage, infusum salvi®. T., Santa Fe, Alstonia the®- 
formis. T., sass, see Saloop. T., sas'safras, saloop. 
T., slip'pery elm, infusum lini compositum. T., 
soot, see Fuligokali. T., South Sea, Ilex vomi- 
toria. T., Span'ish, Chenopodium ambrosioides. 
T., team'ster's, see Teamster's. T., veal, see Veal 
tea. 
Tea'berry. Gaultheria. 
Teak. Paronychia. 
Teale's amputa'tion. That in which two square 
flaps are made, the longer of a length of half the cir- 
cumference of the limb, the shorter one-quarter as 
long, and so placed as to include the vessels. 
Team'ster's tea. Cautillo. Tea made from Ephe- 
dra antisyphilitica, a shrub growing in Arizona, and 
used as a remedy in venereal disease. 
Tear. Eye-drop, Weeping-tear. Secretion of the 
lacrymal gland, poured between the globe of the eye 
and the eyelids to facilitate the motions. The tears 
are saline, inodorous, and colorless. In pharmacology 
tear means any gummy or other exudation, the drop- 
like form of which has been considered to resemble 
tears. T. punc'ta, lacrymal puncta. 
Tears, deer'. Bezoar of the deer. 
Teasel (tee'zel), cultivated. Dipsacus sylvestris. 
T., ful'ler'St Dipsacus fullorum. T., wild, Dipsacus 
sylvestris. 
Teas'ick (phthisic). Phthisis pulmonalis. 
Teas'ing. Method of preparing objects for micro- 
1077 
TEGUMEN 
scopic examination by separation into component 
parts by means of needles. 
Teat (titthe). Nipple. T., su'gar, objectionable 
artificial method of feeding infants with powdered 
sugar crackers in milk or water to form a dough, 
which is tied up like a ball in a linen rag for the 
child to suck. 
Te'cedon (tekedon). Phthisis. 
Technocausis, tek-no-kaw'sis decline, art, kausis, a 
burning). Cauterization by application of heat as 
opposed to that by chemical substances. 
Technogonia, tek-no-go'ne-ah (teknon, a child, gone, 
generation). Generation; childbearing. 
Techomyza fusca, tek-o-me'zah fus'kah. Dipterous 
insect of which larvee have been found in the stools 
and vomit. 
Tecnoctonia, tek-nok-ton'e-ah (teknon, a child, 
kteino, to kill). Infanticide. 
Tecnology, tek-nol'o-je (iefcnon, a child, logos, a dis- 
course). A treatise on children. 
Tecolithos, tek-ol'ith-os (tefco, to dissolve, lithos, a 
stone). Judaeus (lapis). 
Tecology, te-kol'o-je (tekos, a child, logos, a dis- 
course). Tecnology. 
Tecoma ipe, te-ko'mah e'pe. Brazilian tree, bark 
of which yields much tannin. T. radi'cans, Bignonia 
radicans, Trumpet flower, Trumpet creeper, Virginia 
creeper; indigenous; leaves are acrid; root sudorific, 
used in snake-bite and as a vulnerary. T. subverni- 
co'sa, Brazilian tree with leaves of acrid taste and 
having diuretic properties. 
Tecta'ria Calagua'la. See Calagualee radix. T. 
ferrugin'ea, see Calagualie radix. 
Tectocephalic, tek-to-sef-al'ik (techtm, roof, kephale, 
head). Form of head produced by premature union 
of sagittal sutures. 
Tectorial (tek-tor'e-al) mem'brane. Thick, fibril- 
lated membrane covering organ of Corti, resting on 
rods and hair-cells and converting the spiral groove 
into a canal. 
Te'da. Tseda. 
Teel oil. Oil obtained from Sesamum orientale. 
It resembles cotton-seed oil. 
Teeth. See Tooth and Dentition. T., artificial, see 
Artificial. T., barred, molar teeth when the roots 
are spread or tortuous, so that they cannot be ex- 
tracted without being broken or without a portion of 
the alveolar arch being removed. T., block, in dent- 
istry, two or more artificial teeth carved from a piece 
of ivory, or formed from porcelain paste afterward 
baked and finished. T., eye, canine teeth. T., 
Hutchinson's, see Hutchinson. T., incorruptible, 
see Artificial. T., jaw, molar teeth. T., milk, see 
Dentition. T., min'eral, see Artificial. T., neck of 
the, part of tooth between corona and fang which is 
embraced by the gum. T. plate, porrigo decal vans. 
T., por'celain, see Artificial. T., ser'pent, see Serpent 
teeth. T., shed'ding of the, see Dentition. T., sock'ets 
of, see Alveolus. T. of succession, permanent teeth 
that succeed corresponding milk teeth. T., vit'reous 
sub'stance of the, enamel of the teeth. T., vitres'- 
cent, see Artificial. T., wis'dom, see Dentition. T., 
wit, see Dentition. 
Teething. Dentition. 
Tegenera medicinalis, tej-en'er-ah med-is-in-al'is. 
Cantharis. 
Tegimen, tej'im-en (tego, to cover). Integument. 
Tegmen, teg'men. integument. T. tym/pani, 
portion of anterior surface of petrous portion of tem- 
poral bone covering tympanum, Eustachian tube, and 
mastoid antrum. 
Tegmentum, teg-men'tum. The upper portion of 
the main body of peduncular fibres of the cerebrum, 
composed principally of the fasciculus teres and pos- 
terior pyramid. T. tym'pani, tegmen tympani. T. 
vasculo'sum, this corresponds, in the ear of birds, to 
the stria vascularis of the mammalia. T. ventric'uli 
latera'lis, centrum ovale majus. 
Tegula Hibernica, teg'u-lah hib-ur'nik-ah (a tile). 
Hibernicus lapis. 
Teg'umen, (tego, tectum, to cover). Integument. TEGUMENT 
Tegument, teg'u-ment. Integument. 
Tegumentary, teg-u-men'ta-re. Relating or apper- 
taining to the integument. 
Tegumen'tum. Integument. T. au'ris, see Tym- 
panum. T. ventriculo'rum cer'ebri, oval centre of 
the brain. 
Teichmann's (tike'mans) crystals. Hsemin crys- 
tals. 
Teichopsia, ti-kop'se-ah (teichos, wall, ops, eye). 
Subjective sensation of vision, wherein lines are an- 
gulated, occurring in migraine at times. 
Teinesmus, ti-nez'mus (teinesmos). Tenesmus. 
Teinodynia, ti-no-din'e-ah (teino, to extend, odune, 
pain). Pain of the sinews or tendons. 
Teinophlogosis, ti-no-flo-go'sis (teino, to extend, 
phlogosis, inflammation). Inflammation of the sinews 
or tendons. 
Tek'edon (tekedon). Tabes. 
Te'la (a web). Texture, tissue. T. accidenta'lis 
medulla'ris, encephaloid. T. adhsesi'va, isinglass 
plaster. T. adipo'sa, membrana adiposa. T. ara- 
ne'se, spider's web. T. caverno'sa, cavernous text- 
ure. T. cellulo'sa, cellular tissue. T. choroi'dea, 
choroidea tela. T. cor'nea, corneous tissue. T. elas'- 
tica, elastic membrane. T. emplas'tica, sparadra- 
pum. T. erec'tilis, erectile tissue. T. fibro'sa, see 
Fibrous. T. Gal'teri, sparadrapum Galteri. T. Hip- 
poc'ratis cribro/sa, cellular tissue. T. hymeno- 
chondro'des, cartilaginous tissue. T. hymenochon- 
droi'des, cartilaginous tissue. T. ichthyocol'lae glu'- 
tinans, see Sparadrapum adhsesivum. T. inodula'ris, 
inodular tissue. T. muco'sa, cellular tissue. T. or- 
gan'ica, organic texture. T. sclero'sa, sclerous tissue. 
T. subcuta'nea, panniculus adiposus. T. subsero'sa, 
subserous cellular tissue. T. vesicato'ria, sparadra- 
pum vesicatorium. 
Telsesthe'sis (tele, far off, aisthesis, perception). 
Ready perception from remote facts or premises. 
Telamon, tel'am-on (telamon). Bandage for uniting 
the edges of a wound. 
Telamones, tel-am-o'nees (telamones, bandages). 
Charpie used for wounds or linen employed for band- 
ages. 
Telangectasis, tel-an-jek'tas-is. Telangiectasia. 
Telangiectasia, tel-an-je-ek-tah'se-ah (tele, far, an- 
geion, vessel, ektasis, dilatation). Telangiectasis, Telan- 
gectasis. Dilatation of far or capillary vessels; naevus 
maternus, wine spots, claret stains. Aneurism by 
anastomosis; according to some, fungus hsematodes. 
T. oc'uli, cirsophthalmus. 
Telangiosis, tel-an-je-o'sis (tele, far, angeion, vessel). 
Disease of capillary blood-vessels. 
Teleangeiectasis, tel-e-an-ji-ek'tas-is. Telangiec- 
tasis. 
Telegrapher's cramp. Occupation neurosis affect- 
ing muscles of forearm in telegraph-operators. 
Teleology, te-le-ol'o-je (tele, distant, logos, doctrine). 
Doctrine of purpose as applied to the formation of 
objects. 
Teleorganic, te-le-or-gan'ik (telos, end or object). 
See Organic. 
Teleosclerosis rheumatica, tel-e-o-skler-o'sis ru- 
mat'ik-ah. Scleroderma. 
Telepathic, tel-e-path'ik. Pertaining to telepathy. 
Telepathy, tel'ep-ath-e (tele, far, pathos, disease). 
Form of treatment by transference through space 
without visible communication. Thought-reading. 
Telephium, tel-ef'e-um (Telephos, Telephus, son of 
Hercules). Telephian ulcer. Name given by the 
ancients to any ulcer of a very bad kind and 
difficult to cure, because the wound which Achilles 
inflicted on Telephus degenerated into a similar 
ulcer. See also Sedum telephium. 
Tel'ephone tinni'tus. Neurosis of audition sup- 
posed to be due to continued use of the telephone. 
Telesphoresis, tel-es-for-a'sis (telos, the end, phores, 
to bear). Completed normal delivery. 
Telini (tel-e'ne) fly. Species of beetle found in 
India, used for blistering. 
Telluric, tel-lu'rik. Pertaining to the earth. 
Tellu'rium (tellus, the earth). Metal first met with 
1078 
TEMPORAL 
in the gold-mines of Transylvania; specific gravity 
6.115; oxidizable in the air and by heat. Salts of 
tellurium occasion the exhalation of a disagreeable, 
alliaceous odor from the body. 
Telolecithal, te-lo-les'ith-al (telos, end, lekithos, yolk 
of egg). Term used to express the fact that in the 
ovum the yolk is massed at one end, and that seg- 
mentation is unequal or partial. 
Telolemma, tel-o-lem'mah (telos, end, lemma, skin). 
Membrane covering the papilla where the nerve- 
filament pierces the sarcolemma of muscle-fibre. 
Telomalacia, tel-o-mal-ah'se-ah (telos, end, malakos, 
soft). Phlegmonous erysipelas. 
Telorasis, tel-or'as-is (tele, far, orao, to view). Pres- 
bytia. 
TeTum (a dart). Penis. 
Temperament, tem'pur-a-ment (tempero, to moder- 
ate, from tempus, time). Characteristics of mind and. 
body according to which individuals are classed as 
sanguine, bilious, lymphatic, or nervous. 
Tem'perance. Sobriety. Moderation; opposed to 
gluttony and drunkenness. 
Temperantia, tem-pur-an'she-ah. Agents which 
quiet circulation or reduce fever. 
.Temperatio, tem-pur-ah'she-o. Temperament. 
Temperatura, tem-pur-at-u'rah. Temperament. 
Temperature, tem'pur-a-ture. See Beat. T., ani- 
mal, see Heat, animal. T. sense, sense of apprecia- 
tion of temperature; may be lost in some forms of 
disease. T. spots, see Cold spots and Hot spots. 
Temperies, tem-per'e-eze. Temperament. 
Tem'ple. Depression on each side of the head, 
between the forehead and eye anteriorly and the ear 
posteriorly. The temples, distinguished into right 
and left, correspond to the temporal fossa on each 
side. The word is thought to be from the Latin 
tempus, time, because in this part the hair first begins 
to turn white and to indicate age. 
Temporal, tem'po-ral (tempus). That which relates 
to the temples. T. aponeuro'sis or fas'cia, very 
strong aponeurosis, of a bluish, shining color, at- 
tached to the whole of the curved line of the tem- 
poral bone, to the posterior edge of the malar bone, 
to the superior margin of the zygomatic arch, and 
forming an envelope for the temporal muscle. T. ar'- 
teries, Crotaphite arteries, are several: I. The Tempo- 
ral artery, properly so called, arises from the outer 
side of the superior part of the external carotid. It 
divides into two branches; the one anterior-tem- 
poral frontal or internal or anterior; the other poste- 
rior-the temporal occipital or external or superior. 
Before its division it gives off-1. Branches to the 
parotid; to the joint of the lower jaw; to the meatus 
auditorius; and to the masseter. 2. The transverse 
artery of the face. 3. The middle temporal, which 
arises beneath the cheek-bone and traverses the tem- 
poral aponeurosis immediately beneath that bone. 
II. The Deep-seated temporals, two in number, arise 
from the internal maxillary, and are distinguished as 
anterior and posterior. They send their principal 
divisions to the temporal muscle. T. arteries of the 
brain, branches of posterior cerebral supplying the 
temporal lobe. T. bone, irregularly-shaped bone seated 
at the lateral and inferior part of the cranium, of 
which it forms part, and contains within it the special 
organs of audition. It is divided into three parts: 1. 
The squamous portion. 2. The mastoid portion. 3. 
The petrous portion, petrous process. T. canals, small 
canals in malar bone for passage of vessels from orbit 
to temple. T. convolu'tions, convolutions of tem- 
poral lobe of brain. T. crest, ridge of bone starting 
from external angular process of frontal bone, curving 
upward and backward over surface of parietal bone. 
T. fas'cia, temporal aponeurosis. T. fos'sa, an exca- 
vation observed at each side of the head, filled by the 
muscle whose name it bears, and formed by the 
temporal and sphenoid bones below, by the parietal 
and frontal above; separated by a transverse crista 
from the zygomatic fossa, and completed before by 
the cheek-bone. T. frontoma'lar point, temporal ex- 
tremity of frontomalar suture. T. gan'glion, minute. TEMPORALIS 
ganglion of sympathetic system lying on external 
carotid artery. T. lines, two curved prominences 
upon external surface of frontal and parietal bones, 
known as superior and inferior. T. lobe, portion of 
cerebrum in middle cerebral fossa, bounded by fissure 
of Sylvius anteriorly and superiorly, posteriorly con- 
tinuous with occipital lobe. The cortical centre for 
hearing. T. mus'cle, broad, flattened, triangular mus- 
cle filling the temporal fossa; attached to temporal 
aponeurosis and fossa, and, by a strong tendon which 
passes under the zygomatic arch, is inserted into coro- 
noid process of lower jaw. It raises the lower jaw 
and applies the teeth against each other. T. nerves 
are the superficial temporal, from the inferior maxil- 
lary branch of the fifth pair, behind the condyle of the 
jaw; and the deep temporals, from the same nerve at 
its exit from the cranium. T. pro'cess, angle of malar 
bone articulating with zygoma. T. pro'cess of lentic'- 
ular nu'cleus, gray substance uniting lenticular nu- 
cleus with tail of caudate nucleus. T. ridge, curved 
prominence of temporal lines. T. sul'ci, depressions 
on temporal lobe of cerebrum. T. sur'face, external 
surface of temporal and parietal bones forming floor 
of temporal fossa. T. veins, veins draining tempo- 
ral fossa and tissues of vertex into temporomaxillary 
vein. 
Temporalis, tem-po-ral'is. Temporal. 
Tem'porary car'tilage. That which is later re- 
placed by bone. T. teeth, see Dentition. 
Temporiza'tion. Expectant or temporizing treat- 
ment of disease. See Expectant. 
Tem'poro (tempus, temple). In composition, the 
temple and the temporal bone. 
Temporofacial, tem-po-ro-fa'shal. Belonging to tem- 
ple and face. T. nerve, branch of facial nerve. 
Temporomaxillary, tem-po-ro-maks'il-la-re. Be- 
longing to temporal bone and lower jaw. T. artic- 
ula'tion, joint between glenoid cavity and transverse 
process of temporal bone on one hand and condyle 
of lower jaw on the other. Two thin cartilages cover 
the surfaces of these bones. The one is common to the 
transverse process and the portion of the glenoid cav- 
ity anterior to the condyle. This articulation has an 
interarticular fibrocartilage, two synovial capsules, 
and two lateral ligaments, internal and external. T. 
nerves, divisions of facial nerve distributed to tem- 
poral and maxillary regions. T. vein, formed by 
temporal and internal maxillary; divides into two 
branches, one to the facial, the other to form the ex- 
ternal jugular vein. 
Temporo-occipital, tem'po-ro-ok-sip'it-al. Belong- 
ing to temporal and occipital bones. T. ar'tery, see 
Temporal artery. T. cerebel'lar fi'bres or T. tract of 
crus'ta, bundle of fibres in crusta cerebri to outer 
side of pyramidal tract, not entering the internal cap- 
sule, and connecting occipital and temporal lobes of 
cerebrum and hemisphere of the cerebellum. 
Temporoparietal, tem-po-ro-pa-ri'et-al. Belonging 
to temporal and parietal bones. T. convolu'tions, 
those connecting temporal and parietal lobes at bot- 
tom of fissure of Sylvius; also called retro-insular 
convolutions. T. su'ture, connecting temporal and 
parietal bones; consisting of two parts-squamous su- 
ture and parietomastoid suture. 
Temporosphenoidal, tem-po-ro-sfe-noi'dal. Belong- 
ing to temporal and sphenoidal bones. T. convolu'- 
tions, those of temporal lobe of cerebrum. T. lobe, 
temporal lobe. T. sul'ci, temporal sulci. 
Temporozygomatic (tem-po-ro-zyg-o-mat'ik) sur'- 
face. External surface of great wing of sphenoid 
bone. 
Tem'pus (time). Temple. T. intercala're, apy- 
rexia; intermission. 
Temulence, tem'u-lence (temetum, wine, intoxicat- 
ing drink). Delirium; also apoplectic condition from 
drunkenness-apoplexia temulenta or dead-drunken- 
ness. Commonly it is used synonymously with drunk- 
enness, and often fora state resembling drunkenness. 
Mania e temulentia is delirium tremens. 
Temulentia, tem-u-len'she-ah. See Temulence. 
1079 
TENDON 
Tenacula, ten-ak'u-lah. Bone-nippers. T. cu'tis, 
bands of fibrous tissue connecting the corium with 
subjacent tissues. T. ten'dinum, bands of fibrous tis- 
sue connecting tendons with the sheaths. T. vol- 
sel'la, forceps (lithotomy). 
Tenac'ulum (teneo, to hold). Fine hook attached 
to a handle which is thrust through the parietes of a 
blood-vessel to draw it out and enable it to be tied. 
T., Assali/ni's, forceps or double tenaculum, the 
points of which are fine, sharp, and bifurcated, so as 
to be readily received into each other when the in- 
strument is closed on the artery by a spring. T. 
menis'ci, fibrous band running from temporomaxil- 
lary fibrocartilage to near the sphenosquamous su- 
ture. T. ner'vl hypoglos'si, band passing across the 
hypoglossal nerve near its exit from the skull. 
Tenasmus, te-naz'mus. Tenesmus. 
Tenax, ten'aks. Larded oakum. 
Tendines coronarise, ten'din-ees kor-on-ar'e-e. 
Coronary tendons. 
Ten'dinous (tendo, a tendon). Tendineous, Sinewy. 
Relating or appertaining to, or having the nature of, 
tendons. T. tu'mor, fibroid tumor. 
Tendo, ten'do. Tendon. T. AchilTis, Achillis 
tendo. T. cordifor'mis, phrenic centre. T. cor'dis 
veno'sus, circulus callosus Halleri. T. interme'dius, 
centre, phrenic. T. oc'ull, ligament of Zinn. T. 
palpebra'rum, see Orbicular muscles. 
Tendon, ten'dun (teino, to stretch). Sinew, Thew, 
Leader. A fibrous cord, more or less round, long, or 
flattened, of a white, pearl color, and composed of 
very close parallel fibres. The tendons are attached 
to the bones by one extremity; by the other they 
receive the insertions of the fleshy fibres ; sometimes 
they afford attachment to fleshy fibres at both ends 
-as in the digastric muscle. T., Achil'lis, Achillis 
tendo. T. cells or cor'puscles, cells of connective 
tissue found in tendons and ligaments. T., cen'tral 
or cord'iform, of the di'aphragm, phrenic centre. 
T. re'flex, reflex contraction in a muscle, produced 
by percussion of its tendon; see Reflex. These re- 
flexes are exaggerated or abolished in a number of 
nervous diseases, cerebral and spinal tumors, injuries, 
etc., as shown in the following table (Krauss): 
Summary of Tendon Reflexes. 
Myelitis. 
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
Paraplegia spastica. 
Multiple sclerosis. 
Syringomyelia and hydromyelia. 
Haematomyelia and haematorrhachis. 
Spinal tumors. 
Pachymeningitis haemorrhagica interna. 
Pachymeningitis cervicalis hypertrophica. 
Brown-Sequard's spinal paralysis. 
Arthritic muscular atrophies. 
Spinal Cord. 
Exaggeration of Tendon Reflexes. 
Organic Disease. 
Cerebral apoplexy. 
Cerebral embolism, Throm- 
bosis. 
Acute encephalitis. 
Brain. 
Hemiplegia. 
Haematoma. 
Hydrocephalus. 
Senile dementia. 
Functional 
Disease. 
Hysteria. 
Epilepsy. 
Neurasthenia. 
Paramyoclonus. 
Tetanus. 
Psychoses. 
Infectious processes. 
Simple. 
Toxic. 
Endemic. 
Infective. 
Neuritis. 
Locomotor ataxia. 
Poliomyelitis anterior. 
Spinal muscular atrophies. 
Hereditary ataxia (Friedreich's). 
Chorea mollis. 
Chronic ergotism. 
Diabetes mellitus. 
Traumatism. 
Abolition of Tendon Re- 
flexes. 
Abolition and Exagger- 
ation of Tendon Re- 
flexes. 
Meningitis. 
Spinal. 
Cerebral. 
Dementia paretica. 
Idiocy. TENDONS 
T., tre'foil, the cordiform tendon of the diaphragm. 
T. of Zinn, ligament of Zinn. 
Ten'dons, twitch'ing of the. Subsultus tendinum. 
Tendophony, ten-dof'o-ne (tendo, phone, sound). 
Auscultation over a tendon during contraction of its 
muscle. 
Tendosynovi'tis. Tenosynovitis. 
Teneotomia, ten-e-o-tom'e-ah. Tenotomy. 
Tenes'mus, ten-ez'mus (teino, to stretch). Frequent, 
vain, and painful desire to evacuate, a chief symp- 
tom of inflammation of the lining membrane of the 
digestive tube, as of dysentery. Forcing-down pain 
of the uterus and bladder. T. vesi'cse, painful evac- 
uation of the urine, with perpetual desire to void it; 
dysuria. T. vesi'cae muco'sus, cystirrhcea. 
Ten'nis-el'bow. Sprain or strain of the elbow oc- 
curring occasionally in players of tennis. 
Tenography, ten-og'raf-e (tenon, tendon, grapho, to 
write). Description of tendons. 
Tenology, ten-ol'o-je (tenon, tendon, logos, a trea- 
tise). Treatise on tendons. Part of anatomy having 
to do with tendons. 
Tenon, ten'on. Tendon. 
Te'non, cap'sule of. Fascia of Tenon. T., fas'cia 
of, fascia of Tenon. T., mem'brane of, fascia of 
Tenon. T., space of, see Fascia of Tenon. 
Tenonitis, ten-on-e'tis. Inflammation of the cap- 
sule of Tenon. 
Tenonostosis, ten-on-os-to'sis (tenon, tendon, osteon, 
bone, osis, state of being). Ossification of a tendon. 
Tenont'agra (tenon, agra, seizure). A variety of 
gout affecting the tendinous parts of muscles, or the 
tendinous ligaments which strengthen certain ar- 
ticulations. 
Tenontodynia, ten-on-to-din'e-ah (tenon, tendon, 
odune, pain). Pain in tendons on motion. 
Tenontography, ten-on-tog'raf-e. Tenography. 
Tenontology, ten-on-tol'o-je. Tenology. 
Tenontophyma, ten-on-to-fe'mah (tenon, tendon, 
phuma, growth). Tumor of a tendon. 
Tenontotomia, ten-on-to-tom'e-ah. Tenotomy. 
Tenontotroti, ten-on-to-tro'te (tenon, titrosko, to 
wound). Those wounded in the tendons. 
Tenophyte, ten'o-fite (tenon, tendon, phuton, 
growth). Tumor of a tendon, as a bony or cartilag- 
inous growth. 
Tenor'rhaphy (tenon, tendon, rhaphe, suture). Union 
of a tendon by suture after division. 
Tenostosis, ten-os-to'sis. Ossification of a tendon. 
Tenosynitis, ten-o-sin-e'tis. An imperfectly formed 
term denoting inflammation of the synovial sheath 
of a tendon. 
Tenosynovitis, ten-o-sin-o-ve'tis. Inflammation of 
tendons and their sheaths, the result of injury or of 
gout, rheumatism, etc., or tubercular in character. 
Ten'otome (tenon, tome, incision). An instrument 
for dividing tendons, especially by the subcutaneous 
method. 
Tenotomy, ten-ot'o-me. Operation of dividing a 
tendon, often practised for the removal of deviation 
of the joints, as in club-foot, or for relief of stra- 
bismus. 
Tension, ten'shun (tendo, tensum, to stretch). State 
of a stretched part when its textures are distended 
by the afflux of fluids or the accumulation of gas, or 
when its fibres are drawn, as it were, in an opposite 
direction, and are consequently more resisting than 
usual. The tension of the eyeball, ocular or intra- 
ocular tension, or pressure of the contents of the eye 
on the sclerotic, varies in degree in health and dis- 
ease, especially in glaucoma, intra-ocular tumors, etc. 
Tensive, ten'siv. Accompanied by tension or by a 
feeling of tension. 
Ten'sor. That which stretches or renders tense. 
T. cap'sulae, muscular fasciculus arising from upper 
portion of humerus, inserted into capsule of shoulder- 
joint. T. cap'sulse scapulohumera'lis, muscular 
bundle arising from base of acromial process of scap- 
ula and inserted either into capsule of shoulder-joint 
or on the humerus. T. cap'sulae tibiotarsa'lis or T. 
of cap'sule of an'kle, muscle sometimes found aris- 
1080 
TENTAMEN 
ing from back of tibia below flexor digitorum and 
inserted into capsule of ankle-joint. T. choroi'deae, 
ciliary muscle. T. fas'ciae antibrach'ii, muscular 
fasciculus sometimes found arising from external 
head of triceps extensor cubiti and inserted into 
fascia of origin of extensor carpi ulnaris. T. fas'ciae 
col'll, muscular fasciculus sometimes found running 
in form of loop from one extremity of the clavicle to 
the other. T. fas'ciae et cu'tis fo'veae axilla'ris, 
small muscular fasciculus arising from subocularis and 
inserted into fascia and skin of axilla. T. fas'cise 
deltoi'deae, muscular fasciculi sometimes found in- 
serted into deltoid fascia. T. fas'cise dorsa'lis pe'dis, 
muscular fasciculus sometimes found arising from 
anterior surface of tibia and inserted into annular 
ligament and deep fascia. T. fas'cise la'tse, fascia 
lata muscle. T. fas'cise pel'vis, portion of susten- 
tator recti. T. fas'cise planta'ris, muscle sometimes 
found arising from the tibia and inserted into plantar 
fascia. T. fas'cise poplitea'lis, muscular fasciculus 
sometimes found arising from the biceps femoris and 
inserted into the popliteal fascia. T. fas'cise sura'lis, 
portion of semimembranosus sometimes found pass- 
ing to fascia of leg. T. ligamen'ti annula'ris ra'dii 
ante'r lor or vola'ris, portion of supinator brevis 
arising from coronoid process and inserted into an- 
nular ligament of radius. T. ligamen'ti annula'ris 
ra'dii dorsa'lis or poste'rior, portion of supinator 
brevis arising from dorsum of ulna and inserted into 
annular ligament of radius. T. membra'ni syno- 
via'lis tar'si, T. capsulse tibiotarsalis. T. palat'i, 
circumflexus musculus. T. pli'cse ala'ris, muscle of 
birds, at times found in man as a prolongation of ten- 
don of deltoid down the radial side of the arm to inser- 
tion of supinator longus. T. semivagi'nse articula- 
tio'nis humeroscapula'ris, muscular fasciculus some- 
times found extending from pectoralis major to capsule 
of shoulder-joint. T. tar'si, Lacrymal muscle; a small 
muscle belonging to the inner commissure of the 
eyelids, described by Prof. Horner of Phila., and 
hence termed Muscle of Horner. It arises from the 
posterior flat surface of the os unguis near its junc- 
tion with the ethmoid bone, and passes forward and 
outward, lying on the posterior face of the lacrymal 
ducts. As it approaches the commissure of the lids, 
it splits into two nearly equal parts, each of which is 
appropriated to a duct and inserted along its course 
almost to the punctum lacrymale. Its chief office is 
to influence the position of the punctum lacrymale 
and to regulate the course of the tears through the 
lacrymal ducts. T. tibiotarsa'lis, T. capsulse tibio- 
tarsalis. T. troch'lese,muscular slip sometimes given 
off from inner border of the levator palpebrse and in- 
serted into the trochlea. T. tym'pani, a small mus- 
cle arising from the petrous portion of the temporal 
bone and the cartilage of the Eustachian tube, and 
terminating by a tendon reflected over the processus 
cochleaformis, and inserted into the apophysis of the 
handle of the malleus. T. vagi'nse fem'oris, fascia 
lata, muscle. T. ve'lum pala'ti, circumflexus mus- 
culus. 
Tensores (ten-so'raze) capsula'rum articulatio'- 
num. Muscular fasciculi inserted into joint-capsules 
to prevent injury from relaxation. 
Tensura, ten-su'rah (tendo, to stretch). Tension. 
Ten'sus (tendo, to stretch). Penis. 
Tent (tendo, tensum, or tentum, to stretch). Small 
roll of lint, of a cylindrical or pyramidal shape, in- 
troduced into wounds and deep ulcers to prevent 
closing before they are filled up from the bottom. 
They are sometimes made of prepared sponge, gen- 
tian root, slippery elm, etc., but are not so much used 
as formerly, except perhaps for dilating the os and 
cervix uteri. Tangle tents, made of Laminaria digi- 
tata, are used for this purpose. T., sponge, see 
Sponyia. 
Tentacularia, ten-tak-u-lah're-ah. Filaria hominis 
bronchialis. 
Tentaculum (ten-tak'u-lum) cerebel'li (tendo, ten- 
sum, or tentum, to stretch). Tentorium. 
Tentamen (ten-tam'en) med'icum (medical trial) TENTIGO 
{tento, to try). An examination in medicine in the 
Prussian universities, conducted both in writing and 
vivd voce before the medical faculty. 
Tentigo, ten-te'go {tendo, tensum, or tentum, to 
stretch). Priapism. T. vene'rea, nymphomania. 
T. vere'tri, satyriasis. 
Tentorial (ten-to're-al) an'gle. That formed by 
the basicranial axis and plane of tentorium. 
Tentorium, ten-to're-um {tendo, tensum, or tentum, to 
stretch). T. cerebelli, Lateral processes of the dura 
mater, Transverse septum. A process of the dura 
mater separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum. 
It extends from the internal horizontal spine of the 
occipital bone directly forward to the sella Turcica 
of the sphenoid. 
Ten'tum {tendo, to stretch). Penis. 
Tentwort, tent'wort. Asplenium ruta muraria. 
Tenuis mater, ten'u-is mah'tur. Pia mater. 
Tenuitas aquosa, ten-u'it-as ak-wo'sah (watery 
thinness). Predomination of watery fluid. 
Tepegua'je. Gum of Acacia Acapulcensis, em- 
ployed iu Mexico. 
Tephromyelitis, tef-ro-me-el-e'tis {tephros, ash-col- 
ored, muelos, marrow). Poliomyelitis. Inflammation 
of anterior horns of spinal cord. See Poliomyelitis. 
Tephrosia Apollinea, tef-ro'ze-ah ap-ol-lin-a'ah 
{tephros, ash-colored, gray). Galega apollinea of 
Egypt and Nubia. The leaves are often mixed 
with senna. T. leptostach'ya, plant of Senegal 
with purgative root. T. purpu'rea, of Coromandel; 
the root is bitter, and a decoction of it is often pre- 
scribed in dysentery, lientery, and tympanites. T. 
sen'na, the leaves are used for senna by the people 
of Popayan. T. toxica'ria, Galega toxicaria of Cay- 
enne ; leaves are used for poisoning fish; suggested as 
a substitute for digitalis. T. Virginia'na, Galega Vir- 
giniana. 
Tephrosis, tef-ro'sis {tephros, ash-colored). Incine- 
ration. 
Tep'id {tepidus, warm). Moderately warm. 
Teplda'rium {tepidus, moderately warm). See 
Stove. 
Ter as, ter'as {teras). Monster. 
Terata, ter-at'ah {teras). Monsters. T. anacata- 
did'yma, double monster with division of cerebro- 
spinal axis both above and below. T. anadid'yma, 
monsters with division of cerebrospinal axis from 
below upward. T. catadid'yma, monsters with di- 
vision of cerebrospinal axis from above downward. 
Teratogeny, ter-a-toj'en-e (teras, genesis, genera- 
tion). The formation of monsters. 
Teratoid, ter'a-toid {teras, a monster). Like a 
monstrosity. T. tu'mor, tumor formed by congeni- 
tal inclusion of a portion of one foetus in another. 
Teratological, ter-a-to-loj'ik-al {teras, monster, 
logos, treatise). Relating or appertaining to tera- 
tology. 
Teratology, ter-a-tol'o-je {teras, logos, discourse). 
Treatise on monsters. See Monsters. 
Teratoma, ter-at-o'mah {teras, monster, oma, tumor). 
Tumor composed of various tissues not present in the 
normal structure of the part. 
Teratosis, ter-at-o'sis. See Monster. 
Terceron, ter'se-ron ([F.] tierce, [L.] tertius, third). 
See Mulatto. T., black, see Mulatto. 
Terebdellum, ter-eb-del'lum {teras, bdella, a leech). 
A pneumatic machine which, when connected with 
a cupping apparatus, largely increases the amount of 
local depletion. Also an instrument for perforating 
the foetal cranium. See Terebellum. 
Terebella, ter-e-bel'la {tereo, to bore). Trepan. 
Terebellum, ter-e-bel'lum. Cranial perforator. 
Terebene, ter'e-been. C12H16. Yellow oily liquid 
produced by action of sulphuric acid on turpentine. 
Used chiefly in winter cough, bronchitis, bronchor- 
rhoea, catarrhal disease of the larynx and throat, etc., 
and also in cystitis, flatulent dyspepsia, and respira- 
tory diseases.by injection or inhalation; expectorant. 
Externally, in watery solution, it is employed for 
dressing wounds. 
Terebinthina, ter-e-bin'thin-ah {terebinthos, the 
1081 
TERMINAL 
turpentine tree). Turpentine, Botin, Albotin, Altilibat, 
Brutino. Substance of the consistence of honey which 
flows from many trees of the Terebinthinace® and 
Conifer® families, composed of resin and essential oil, 
without benzoic acid. See Pinus sylvestris. All the 
turpentines are stimulant, diuretic, and cathartic. 
Terebinthina (Ph. U. S.) is the concrete oleoresin of 
Pinus australis and other species of Pin us; also the j uice 
of Pinus australis and other species of Pinus. T. 
Argentoraten'sis, see Pinus picea. T. balsame'a, see 
Pinus balsamea. T. Canaden'sis, see Pinus balsamea. 
T. Chi'a, see Pistacia terebinthus. T. coc'ta, Stras- 
burg turpentine boiled in water until solidification 
occurs on cooling. T. commu'nis, see Pinus sylvestris. 
T. copaif'era, copaiba. T. cyp'ria, see Pistachio, ter- 
ebinthus. T. empyiewaiaA/ica,, see Pinus sylvestris. T. 
larici'na, see Pinus larix. T. pistach'ia, Pistacia 
terebinthus. T. vene'ta, see Pinus larix. T. ve'ra, 
see Pistacia terebinthus. T. vulga'ris, see Pinus syl- 
vestris. 
Terebinthinate, ter-e-bin'thin-ate. Having the 
qualities of, or impregnated with, turpentine. 
Terebin'thine. A hydrocarbon resembling tere- 
bene in composition, resulting from distilling oil of 
turpentine with an alkali. T. hy'drate, terpene hy- 
drate. 
Terebinthus, ter-e-bin'thus (terebinfhos). Termin- 
thus. T. gummif'era, Bursera gummifera. T. len- 
tis'cus, Pistacia lentiscus. T. vulga'ris, Pistacia 
terebinthus. 
Terebra, ter'e-brah (tereo, to bore). Trepan. 
Terebration, ter-e-bra'shun (terebro, to bore). Tre- 
panning. Puncturing of a bone by any instrument. 
A pain is said to be ter&brant (F.) when it seems as 
if the part was penetrated or bored. 
Tere'do os'sium (tereo, to bore). Caries; spina 
ventosa. 
Teres, ter'ees (long and round, from tero, to rub, 
rubbed smooth or rounded). Epithet given to many 
organs the fibres of which are collected into round 
fasciculi. T. ligamen'tum, round ligament in the 
cotyloid cavity of the os innominatum, attached to 
the head of the bone and to the bottom of the cavity. 
A small fibrous fascia extending from the coronoid 
process of the ulna to below the bicipital tubercle of 
the radius. Round ligament of the uterus. T. ma'- 
jor, muscle situate at the inferior and posterior part 
of the shoulder; attached, on the one hand, to the 
outer surface of the scapula, to the corresponding 
part of its axillary margin; and, on the other, to the 
posterior margin of the bicipital groove of the hu- 
merus. It carries the arm backward and inward, and 
also inward in rotation. When it acts with the longis- 
simus dorsi and pectoralis major it applies the arm 
against the lateral part of the chest and keeps it 
forcibly there. T. min'imus, accessory muscle of T. 
minor, arising from axillary margin of scapula and 
inserted into upper portion of humerus. T. mi'nor, 
muscle situate at the posterior and inferior part of 
the shoulder; narrow and flattened from above to 
below in its inner half, and from before to behind in 
the outer. Attached, on the one hand, to the outer 
surface of the scapula, near the inferior angle; and, 
on the other, to the inferior part of the great tube- 
rosity of the humerus. It depresses the arm, and 
causes it to turn on its axis from within outward; it 
also carries it backward. 
Teresis, ter'a-sis (teresis). Observation. 
Teretlpronator, ter-a-te-pro-nah'tor. Pronator 
radii teres. 
Teretiscapularis, ter-a-te-scap-u-lah'ris. Teres 
major. 
Teretrium, ter-et're-um (tereo, to bore). Trepan. 
Teretron, ter-et'ron (teretron). Trepan. 
Tergal, tur'gal (tergum, the back). Dorsal. 
Tergemini, tur-jem'in-e. Trigemini. 
Tergum, tur'gum. Dorsum ; vertebral column. 
Termatic (tur-mat'ik) ar'tery. Branch of anterior 
cerebral or anterior communicating artery to lamina 
cinerea. 
Terminal, turm'in-al. Relating to the end. T. TERMINALIA 
ar'teries, those that do not anastomose before ending 
in the capillaries. T. cav'ities, see Lung. T. frames 
of Dei'ters, plates in reticular lamina of organ of 
Corti. T. ven'tricle, dilatation of central canal of 
spinal cord in conus medullaris. 
Terminalia, tur-min-al'e-ah. See Myrobalanus. 
Terminology, tur-min-ol'o-je {terma, term, logos, 
discourse). Nomenclature. 
Terminthus, tur-min'thus {terminthos, turpentine 
tree). Berry or Fungous carbuncle. Name given by 
the ancients to a tumor surmounted by a black pus- 
tule, resembling the fruit of the turpentine tree; also 
Pistacia terebinthus. 
Terminus (tur'min-us) (limit) supe'rior as'perae 
arte'rise. Larynx. 
Terms (periods). Menses. 
Ternary, tur'nar-e (ter, thrice). Pertaining to or 
consisting of three. 
Terpene (tur'peen) hy'drate. Obtained by hydra- 
tion from terebinthine. Used in whooping cough and 
hay asthma, and locally as an application in diph- 
theria. 
Terpenes, tur'peens. Term applied to various 
isomeric hydrocarbons of the composition CioHie; 
principal constituents of a number of essential oils, 
as of turpentine, juniper, lemon, lavender, etc. 
Terpine, tur'peen. Crystalline substance derived 
from terpine hydrate by action of heat. T. hy'drate, 
crystalline substance formed by union of turpentine 
oil and water; used as an expectorant in bronchitis, 
whooping cough, and also in chronic nephritis; anti- 
septic. T. i'odide, antiseptic used in acute aifections 
of the lung, in acute aifections of the throat, in 
spray, or internally in doses of ten drops on sugar. 
Terpin'eol. CioHnOH. An alcohol used for de- 
odorizing iodoform. 
Terpinol, tur'pin-ol. Colorless oily liquid produced 
by acting on terpene hydrate with sulphuric, phos- 
phoric, or glacial acetic acid; used as a stimulant ex- 
pectorant. 
Ter'ra absor'bens minera'lis (absorbent mineral 
earth). Magnesii carbonas. T. al'ba, argilla pura. 
T. alu'minis, argilla pura. T. ama'ra aera'ta, mag- 
nesii carbonas. T. ama'ra sulphu'rica, magnesii 
sulphas. T. argilla'cea hydra'ta, argilla pura. T. 
argilla'cea pu'ra, argilla pura. T. baryt'ica, barium 
sulphate. T. bola'ris, argilla pura. T. folia'ta, sul- 
phur. T. folia'ta minera'lis, soda acetata. T. foli- 
a'ta tar'tari, potassii acetas. T. for'nacum, see 
Bricks. T. fullon'ica, cimolia purpurescens. T. 
Japon'ica, catechu; nauclea gambir. T. lem'nia, 
Lemnian earth, name given by the ancients to a solid, 
reddish, astringent substance, prepared with the pulp 
of the fruit of the baobab, an African tree; it is an 
argillaceous earth, and has been employed as an 
astringent. T. Livon'ica, a terra sigillata, or sealed 
earth, from Livonia; very astringent. T. mari'ta, 
Curcuma longa. T. Noceria'na, whitish astringent 
earth found in the environs of Nocera, Italy. T. 
Orlea'na, Annotto, Arnotta, pigmental matter ob- 
tained from the seeds of Bixa Orleana or Orellana 
or Americana, Orellana. Eecommended in dysentery 
from its astringent and stomachic qualities. It is 
called, according to its shape, flag, roll, or egg an- 
notto. Spanish annotto is in small oblong cakes; it 
is chiefly employed as a coloring matter, as for butter. 
T. os'sea, bony matter; the earthy portion of bones. 
T. pondero'sa, baryta. T. pondero'sa muria'ta, 
baryta, muriate of. T. pondero'sa sali'ta, baryta, 
muriate of. T. Portugal'lica, a reddish, astringent, 
styptic earth from Portugal. T. sapona'ria, cimolia 
purpurescens. T. sigilla'ta (sig Hiatus, furnished with 
little figures), Sealed earth; bole or earthy matter 
made into little cakes or flat masses and stamped 
with certain impressions, as with the head of the 
Grand Seignior; to these belong the terra Silesiaca, 
T. Lemnia, T. Turcica; see Bole and Bolus alba. T. 
Silesi'aca, see Terra sigillata. T. talco'sa oxyan- 
thraco'des, magnesii carbonas. T. Tur'cica, see 
Terra sigillata. T. uri'nee, the earthy deposit in 
urine. T. vitrl'oli dul'cis, colcothar. 
1082 
TESTICLE 
Ter'rse o'leum. Petroleum. 
Terrain' cure (F.). Treatment of nervous and 
wasting diseases by mountain air, proper diet, etc. 
Ter'rapin. Emys palustris. 
Ter'ritory, cell. See Cell. 
Ter'rors, night. See Night terrors. 
Ter'sor ani. Latissimus dorsi. 
Tertian, tur'shun (tertiws, third). Occurring every 
third day. T. fe'ver, Tertian or Third-day ague, 
Third-day fever ; an intermittent whose paroxysms 
recur every third day, or every 48 hours ; a manage- 
able form of ague. A double tertian has a paroxysm 
every third day, the paroxysms of alternate days 
being associated. 
Tertiana'ria (from its virtues in tertian fever). 
Scutellaria galericulata. 
Tertiary, tur'she-a-re (tertius, third). Third in 
order; term usually employed to designate the third 
or later stages of syphilis. 
Tescalama. Resinous drug used in Mexico, ob- 
tained from a variety of fig. 
Tessara, tes'sar-ah (tessara, four). Cuboid. 
Tessella, tes-sel'lah (dim. of Tessera, a small quad- 
rangular stone for paving, etc.). Tablet. 
Tess'ellated {tessellatus, furnished with small quad- 
rangular stones). Having a quadrangular arrange- 
ment, like a pavement. See Epithelium. 
Tes'sera (a quadrangular stone). Cuboid. 
Test {testis, a witness). Method of ascertaining a 
fact by experiment. Also material used in such 
method. T., Dan'iel's, see Docimasia pulmonum. 
T., hydrostat'ic, see Docimasia pulmonum. T. pa'per, 
paper charged with reagent for use in chemistry. 
T., Ploucquet's, see Docimasia pulmonum. T., sta'tic, 
see Docimasia pulmonum. T. tube, tube made of thin 
glass, closed at one end, capable of withstanding high 
degree of heat. T. types, printed matter in type of 
various sizes, employed by the oculists to determine 
the acuteness of vision. 
Tes'ta (a shell). See Ostrea. T. o'vi, see Ovum and 
Membrana putaminis. T. prsepara'ta, Prepared oyster- 
shell. Oyster-shell freed from extraneous matter, 
washed with boiling water, reduced to powder, and 
prepared in the same manner as creta praeparata. 
Testa'ceous (testa). Powder consisting of burnt 
shells, containing carbonate of calcium chiefly ; hence 
has been applied to cretaceous substances. See Creta. 
Tes'tae os'trese. See Ostrea. 
Testament'ary capacity. Term used in legal 
medicine to indicate ability to make a valid will. 
Test'er, lung. See Lung-tester. 
Tes'tes (pl. of Testis, a witness). The testicles. 
See Testicle. Inferior tubercles of the corpora quadri- 
gemina. See also Quadrigemina tubercula. T. mulie'- 
bres, see Ovarium. 
Testibrachium, tes-te-brak'e-um. Superior pedun- 
cles of the cerebellum. 
Testicle, tes'te-cal (dim. of Testis, a witness, be- 
cause the testicles are witnesses of virility). Name 
of two glandular organs contained in the scrotum, 
whose office is to secrete sperm. Their substance, 
pulpa testis, consists of numerous conical, flattened 
lobules-lobuli testis-whose bases are directed to- 
ward the surface of the organ, and the apices toward 
the corpus Highmorianum. They are formed of a 
gray and softish substance, composed of tortuous 
canals, called tubuli or canaliculi or ductus seminif- 
eri or seminales, vasa seminalia, vascula serpentina, 
folded on each other, and of extreme fineness. All 
these canals, uniting in their course, pass through the 
corpus Highmorianum, concur in forming the epi- 
didymis, and give origin to the vas deferens. The 
testicles are covered by a fibrous membrane, of an 
opaque white color and very tough, called tunica 
albuginea, dura mater testis, or simply albuginea, 
peritestis, of which the corpus Highmorianum is 
only an enlargement. See Albuginea. Over this, 
again, is the tunica vaginalis, the second envelope of 
the testis. See Vaginal coat of the testicle. T., can'- 
cer of, see Sarcocele. T., cys'tic disease of, see Sar- 
cocele. T., fun'gus of, benign', hernia testis. T., TESTICONDUS 
gran'ular swelling of, hernia testis. T., her'nia of, 
hernia testis. T., ir'ritable, abnormal sensibility of 
that organ, which is painful on manipulation; termed, 
also chronic neuralgia of the testicle; see Orchidalgia. 
T., retained, see Crypsorchis. T.,' swelled, hernia 
humoralis. 
Testicondus, tes-te-kon'dus (testis, condo, to hide). 
One in whom the testes have not descended into the 
scrotum. 
Testicular, tes-tik'u-lar. Belonging or relating to 
the testicle. T. ar'teries, spermatic arteries. T. 
veins, spermatic veins. 
Testiculus, tes-tik'u-lus. Testicle. T. accesso'- 
rius, epididymis. T. cani'nus, orchis mascula. 
Tes'tis. Testicle. T. fcemine'us, ovary. T., ir'ri- 
table, orchidalgia; irritable testicle. T. mi'nor, 
prostate. T. mulie'bris, ovary. T. viriTis, testicle. 
Testitis, tes-te'tis (testis, itis). Hernia humoralis. 
Testudinatio cranii, tes-tu-din-ah'she-o cran'e-e 
(arched like the back of a tortoise, Zestwdo). Frac- 
ture of the skull, in which the fragments are placed 
so as to form a vault. 
Testudo, tes-tu'do (testa, a shell). A genus of rep- 
tiles, including the turtle, the flesh of which is much 
esteemed as an article of diet. Also an encysted 
tumor supposed to resemble the shell of a testudo. 
See Talpa. T. cer'ebri, fornix. T. scap'ulae, see 
Scapula. 
Tetanic, te-tan'ik. Relating to or resembling tet- 
anus. Epithet for a tonic convulsion. A remedy 
which acts on the nerves, and, through them, on the 
muscles, occasioning, in large doses, convulsions. The 
■chief agents in this class are nux vomica, strychnia, 
brucia, arnica, and toxicodendron. 
Tetaniform, te-tan'e-form. Resembling tetanus. 
Tetanilla, tet-an-il'lah (dim. of Tet'anus). A par- 
oxysmal disease which affects the hands, arms, or 
lower limbs, unattended with pain or fever or uncon- 
sciousness. In graver cases the whole body becomes 
implicated. It has been called, also, tetany, intermit- 
tent tetanus, idiopathic contraction and paralysis, 
idiopathic muscular spasm, contraction of the ex- 
tremities, and intermittent rheumatic contractions. 
Tetanin, tet'an-in. Strychnia. Tetanine. 
Tetanine, tet'an-een (tetanus'). Term proposed to 
designate the specific poisonous principle by which 
tetanus is produced. See Bacillus tetani. A ptomaine, 
C13H30N2O4, derived from cultivation of impure teta- 
nus microbes; it produces tetanic symptoms in ex- 
periments on animals. 
Tetanium, tet-an'e-um. Strychnia. 
Tetanization, tet-an-iz-a'shun. The production 
or condition of tetanic spasms, in which the patient 
is said to be tetanized. 
Tetanode, tet'an-ode. Tetanoid. 
Tetanoid, tet'an-oid. Tetaniform. T. fe'ver, cere- 
bro-spinal meningitis. T. paraple'gia, anterolateral 
spinal sclerosis. 
Tetano'mata (tetanomata). Tetanothra. 
Tetanomotor, tet-an-o-mo'toi' (tetanus, motor, 
mover). Instrument for exciting tetanus of muscles 
by electricity. 
Tetanothra, tet-an-o'thra (tetanus, stretched free 
from wrinkles). Medicines which remove wrinkles. 
Tetanotoxlne, tet-an-o-toks'een (tetanus, toxicon, 
poison). Ptomaine obtained from culture-medium in 
which tetanus bacillus has grown ; produces tetanic 
effects, afterward paralysis and convulsions. 
Tetanus, tet'an-us (tetanos, stretched). Spasm with 
rigidity. A disease consisting in a permanent con- 
traction of all the muscles, or merely of some, without 
alternations of relaxation; characterized by closure 
of the jaws; difficulty or impracticability of deglu- 
tition ; rigidity and immobility of the limbs and 
trunk, which is sometimes curved forward (Empros- 
thotonus), sometimes backward (Opisthotonus), some- 
times to one side (Pleurothotonus). When confined to 
the muscles of the jaws it is called Trismus. Trau- 
matic tetanus is that which supervenes on a wound. 
When occurring in the puerperal condition it is called 
Puerperal tetanus, tetanus puerperarum, supposed to 
1083 
TETRASCELUS 
be due to a bacillus. Tetanus of single muscles does 
not imply necessarily the general disease or the action 
of the specific cause. A specific micro-organism is 
credited with the production of the disease. See 
Bacillus tetani. T. anti'cus, emprosthotonus. T. dolor- 
if'icus, cramp. T. dorsaTis, opisthotonus. T. hydro- 
pho'bicus, spasm in deglutition imitating that of hy- 
drophobia ; may be due to injury of nerves interested 
in that region. T., intermittent, tetanilla. T. later- 
a'lis, pleurothotonus. T. maxil'lae inferio'ris, tris- 
mus. T. neonato'rum, trismus nascentium. T. pos- 
tergan'eus, opisthotonus. T. posti'cus, opisthotonus. 
T., puer'peral or puerpera'rum, see Tetanus. T., 
traumat'ic, that form of tetanus which supervenes 
on a wound. T. universa'lis, see Tetanus. 
Tetany, tet'an-e. Tetanilla. 
Tetartse'us (tetartaios, occurring on the fourth 
day). Quartan. 
Tetartophu'ia (tetartos, the fourth, phuo, to arise). 
A quartan in which the intermission is inordinately 
short or imperfect. 
Tete, teat. Nipple. 
Tet'ra (tetra, four). In composition, four. 
Tetrabrachius, tet-rah-brak'e-us (tetra, brachion, 
arm). Monster having four arms. 
Tetrachirus, tet-rah-ke'rus (tetra, cheir, hand). 
Monster having four hands. 
Tetrachlormethane, tet-rah-klor-meth'ane. Car- 
bon tetrachloride. 
Tetradrachmon, tet-rah-drak'mon (tetra, drachme, 
a drachm). Weight of four drachms or half an 
ounce. 
Tet'rads (tetra, four). Groups of micrococci devel- 
oping in fours. 
Tetragonum lumbale, tet-rah-go'num lum-bal'e. 
Space in lumbar region of irregular rhomboidal form, 
covered by aponeurosis of latissimus dorsi, limited 
externally by posterior edge of origin of external 
oblique, internally by edge of sacrospinalis, above by 
serratus posticus inferior, below by superior edge of 
internal oblique. 
Tetragonus, tet-rah-go'nus (tetra, gonia, an angle). 
Platysma myoides. 
Tet'rahit longiflo'rum. Galeopsis grandiflora. 
Tetrahydroparachinan 'isol. Thalline. 
T etrahydroparamethyloxyquinoline (tet-rah -hid- 
ro-par-am-eth-il-oks-e-quin'o-leen) or Tetrahydro- 
paraquinisol, tet-rah-he-dro-par-ah-quin'is-ol. Thal- 
line. 
Tetraiodopyrrol, tet-rah-e-o-do-pyr'rol. Iodol. 
Tetramasthus, tet-rah-mas'thus (tetra, masthos, a 
breast). Having four breasts. 
Tetramazia, tet-rah-maz'e-ah (tetra, mastos, breast). 
Having four breasts. 
Tetramethylammo'nium hy'drate. Hydrochlorate 
of trimethylamine is a caustic externally. Has been 
used internally, much diluted, as an antiarthritic 
and antipyretic. 
Tetramethyldiamidotriphenylcarbino 1 o x'a late. 
Malachite green. 
Tetramethylthionine (tet-rah-meth-il-the' o-neen) 
chlo'ride. Methylene blue. 
Tetram'yron (tetra, muron, an ointment). Oint- 
ment consisting of four ingredients. 
Tetrangu'ria. Cucurbita citrullus. 
Tetranophthalmus, tet-ran-of-thal'mus (tetra, oph- 
thalmos, eye). Monster having four eyes. 
Tetranopsia, tet-ran-op'se-ah (tetra, ops, eye). Con- 
traction of one quadrant of the visual field. 
Tetranthe'ra Califor'nica (tetra, anthera, anther). 
Umbellularia Californica. T. pichu'rim, pichurim 
beans. 
Tetrapharmacum, tet-rah-far'mak-um (tetra, phar- 
makon, a medicine). Medicine consisting of four in- 
gredients. 
Tetrapodous, tet-rah'po-dus (tetra, pous, foot). Hav- 
ing four feet. 
Tetrapus, tet'rah-pus (tetra, pous, foot). Having 
four feet. 
Tetrascelus, tet-ras'ke-lus (tetra, skelos, leg). Mon- 
ster having four legs. TETRASTER 
Tetraster, tet-ras'ter (tetra, aster, star). Figure 
presented, during karyokinesis when the nucleus un- 
dergoes fourfold division. 
Tetrastoma (tet-ras'to-mah) rena'le. See Parasites. 
Tetratox'in. Ptomaine from culture of bacillus 
of tetanus, producing paralysis and convulsions. 
Tetrethyldiamidotriphenylcarbinolox'alate. A 
bright green crystalline body giving blue color on 
solution in water; hydrochloric acid converts the 
green-blue solution to a green; hence used in test- 
ing acidity of the gastric juice. 
Tetrobolon, tet-rob'o-lon (tetra, obolos). The weight 
of four oboli or two scruples. 
Tet'ronal. Allied in composition to Sulphonal; 
hypnotic. Chemically it is a diethylsulphone-diethyl- 
methane. 
Tetroros, tet-ro'ros (tetroros). Astragalus. 
Tet'ter. Herpes. T., crust'ed, impetigo. T., eat'- 
ing, lupus. T., hon'eycomb, porrigo favosa. T., 
hu'mid, eczema impetigo. T., milk'y, porrigo larva- 
lis. T., moist, eczema. T., pus'tular, impetigo. T., 
run'nlng, impetigo. T., sca'ly, psoriasis. 
Tetterwort, tet'er-wort. Chelidonium majus. 
Teucrin, tu'krin. See Teucrium scordium. 
Teucrium JEgyptiacum, tu'kre-um e-gip-te'ak-um 
(teukrion, after Teucer). T. capitatum. T. be'lium, 
T. capitatum. T. Canaden'se, American germander 
or woodsage; aromatic and stimulant indigenous 
herb. T. capita'tum, Poley mountain of Montpellier, 
ord. Labiatse, is generally substituted for T. chamse- 
drys. The common Poley mountain is the Teucrium 
montanum; and the golden Poley mountain the 
Teucrium polium, Polion. T. chamae'drys, Common, 
Creeping, or Small germander, English treacle; plant 
possessed of aromatic and bitter properties. T. 
chamae'pitys, Common groundpine; properties like 
the last; the tops and leaves have been recommended 
as aperients and tonics, especially in female obstruc- 
tions and in paralytic disorders. T. Cre'ticum, Poley 
mountain of Candy; the tops and whole herb enter 
into the old compounds mithridate and theriaca. 
It is placed among the aperients and corroborants. 
T. fla'vum has similar properties to T. chamaedrys. 
T. hyssopifo'lium, T. Creticum. T. i'va, French 
groundpine; it has similar properties to T. chamse- 
pitys, but is weaker. T. marit'imum, T. marum. T. 
ma'rum, Syrian herb mastich, Cat thyme; a very aro- 
matic plant of a camphorated smell; formerly much 
used in medicine as a tonic, antispasmodic, emmena- 
gogue, etc. T. officina'le, T. chamaedrys. T. palus'- 
tre, T. scordium. T. po'lium, used in the East for 
cholera. T. pyramida'le, ajuga. T. rosmarinifo''- 
lium, T. Creticum. T. scor'dium, Water germander, 
Woodsage; the leaves have a garlicky smell and bit- 
terish, slightly pungent taste. It has the tonic prop- 
erties of other Teucria. The principle Teucrin, de- 
rived from it, has been employed subcutaneously in 
cold tuberculous abscesses, tuberculous infiltrations, 
etc. 
Tex'as cat'tle fe'ver. Specific infectious disease 
affecting horned cattle, the lesions being inflammation 
of the fourth stomach and engorgement of the spleen. 
T. mange, eczema, scabies, or pruritus. T. rhat'any, 
root of Krameria secundiflora. T. sarsaparil'la, 
Menispermum Canadense. T. snake'root, Aristo- 
lochia reticulata. 
Textum interlobulare, tex'tum in-ter-lob-u-la're 
(texo, to weave). Interlobular tissue. 
Textura, tex-tu'ra. Texture. T. organ'ica, organ- 
ized tissue. 
Textural, tex'tu-ral. Relating or appertaining to 
a texture. 
Texture, tex'ture (texo, to weave). Particular ar- 
rangement of the tissues that constitute an organ. 
Tex'tus. Texture; tissue. T. cellulo'sus, cellular 
tissue. T. desmo'sus, desmoid tissue. T. erecti'lis, 
erectile texture. T. nervo'rum, plexus nervorum. 
T. organ'icus, cellular tissue. T. papilla'ris, corpus 
papillare. T. parenchymaTis, cellular tissue. 
Thaeria, the're-ah (tfeer, a wild animal). Radzyge. 
Thalamencephalon, thal-a-men-sef'al-on (thalamos, 
1084 
THANATOMETER 
bed, en, in, kephale, head). Portion of embryonic 
brain developed from posterior division of anterior 
cerebral vesicle; includes ophthalmic pituitary body, 
pineal gland, and optic nerves. 
Thal'ami cor'porum cavernoso'rum pe'nis. See 
Cavernous bodies. T. nervo'rum optico'rum or ner'vi 
op'tici, Optic thalami, Posterior cerebral ganglia, two 
rounded, irregular surfaces seen exposed in the lateral 
ventricles of the brain and in the third ventricle, the 
inferior surface of which presents two projections, 
called corpora geniculata, that furnish several fila- 
ments to the optic nerves. The name was given from 
a belief that the optic nerves originate from them. 
They, however, arise more posteriorly from the cor- 
pora quadrigemina or optic lobes, and adhere merely 
to the inner margin of those lobes. From the thalami 
and corpora striata fibres proceed upward to consti- 
tute the convolutions of the brain and the various 
bands that connect the different parts of the brain 
together. The upper and inner parts of the thalami 
are so closely connected as to form one continued 
surface, called commissura mollis. The posterior parts 
turn downward and upward, after which they are 
elongated to form the two white cords termed tractus 
optici. 
Thalamic (thal'a-mic) nu'clei. Two collections of 
gray matter in the optic thalami. 
Thalamus, thal'am-us (t/iahwnos, room or chamber, 
bed). The place in which a nerve originates. T. 
op'ticus, see Thalami optici. T. rega'lis, peri- 
cardium. 
Thalassolutrum, thal-as-so-lu'trum (thalassa, sea, 
loutron, a bath). Sea-bath. 
Thalassomeli, thal-as-som'el-e (t/talassa, sea, meli, 
honey). Cathartic medicine composed of equal parts 
of sea-water, honey, and rain-water, exposed to the 
sun during the dog days in a pitched vessel. 
Thalictron, thal-ik'tron (thaliktron). Thalictrum, 
Meadow rue, Poor man's rhubarb, ord. Eanunculaceae. 
The root resembles rhubarb in its properties. 
Thalictrum anemonoides, thal-ik'trum an-em-on- 
o-e'dees. Meadow rue, Rue-leaved anemony. An indige- 
nous plant. 
Thalline, thal'leen. Oily, odorous liquid, synthet- 
ically produced sulphate and tartrate of which have 
been used for their antipyretic and antiseptic proper- 
ties. They are yellowish-white crystalline powders, 
and used both externally and internally. 
Thallium, thal'le-um (thallus, a green bud or shoot). 
Metal found in certain seleniferous and telluriferous 
deposits, in the native sulphur of Lipari, etc., and 
resembling lead physically in its aspect, color, density, 
etc., as well as in its toxical action on the economy. 
The salts of thallium, especially the nitrate, are very 
soluble. 
Thallochlor, thal'lo-chlor. Variety of chlorophyll 
existing in lichens. 
Thallus, thal'lus (a shoot). Condition of the fila- 
ments of a fungus when, by excessive multipli- 
cation and interweaving, they become matted to- 
gether. 
Thamarindus, tham-ar-in'dus. Tamarindus. 
Thanasimus, than-as'im-us (thanatos, death). Mor- 
tal. 
Than'atic or Thanat'icus (thanatos, death.) Re- 
lating or appertaining to death. Thanatici morbi are 
fatal affections, usually from violence. 
Thanatodes, than-at-o'dees (thanatodes). Mortal. 
Thanatognomonic, than-at-o-no-mon'ik (thanatus, 
gignosko, to know). Characteristic of death, as a 
thanatognomonic sign. 
Thanatoid, than'a-toid (thanatus, eidos, resem- 
blance). Resembling death. Apparently dead. 
Thanatological, than-a-to-loj'ik-al (thanatus, logos, 
a treatise). Relating or appertaining to thanatology. 
Thanatology, than-a-tol'o-je (thanatus, logos, a dis- 
course). A treatise on, or the doctrine of, death. 
Thanatometer, than-a-tom'e-tur (thanatus, metron, 
measure). Thermometer introduced into cavities of 
the body as a means of determining death based on 
this mode of expression of the reduced temperature. TH ANATOPH I DI A 
Thanatophidia, than-at-o-fid'e-ah (thanatus, ophis, 
serpent). Poisonous serpents whose bites are fatal. 
Thanatophobia, than-at-o-pho'be-ah {thanatus, pho- 
bos, dread). Morbid fear of death. 
Thanatosis, than-at-o'sis (thanatus). State of death. 
Mortification; gangrene. 
Thanatus, than'at-us (thanatos). Death. 
Thapsia, thap'se-ah (from the island of Thapsus). 
Deadly carrot, family Umbelliferse. The bark of the 
root operates violently both upward and down- 
ward. T. gargan'ica, root of N. African plant used 
as a counter-irritant. T. plas'ter, composed of yel- 
low wax, Burgundy pitch, terebinthina cocta, Venice 
turpentine, glycerin, and thapsia resin. T. reszin, 
prepared by digesting thapsia root in hot alcohol. T. 
silph'ium, N. African plant; six to ten grains of the 
powder produce several alvine evacuations. 
Thapsium actaeifoliuin, thap'se-umak-te-e-fo'le-um 
(after the isle of Thapsus). Ligusticum actfeifolium. 
T. atropurpu'reum, roundheart. T. barbino'de, 
Meadow parsnep, an indigenous plant of the Northern 
and Western States. Both these plants have been 
esteemed vulnerary, antisyphilitic, and diaphoretic, 
and as antidotes to the bite of a rattlesnake. T. cor- 
da'tum, T. atropurpureum. 
Thapsus barbatus, thap'sus bar-bat'us. Verbascum 
nigrum. 
Tharsi, thar'se. See Tarsus. 
Thaumatrope, thow'ma-trope (thaurna, wonder, 
trope, change). Revolving instrument containing 
figures which blend when the instrument is in mo- 
tion. It shows the duration of visual impressions. 
Thea, the'a (Chinese tcha). Tea. There are two 
principal varieties of tea-plant or Thea Sinensis, the 
Thea bohea and Thea viridis, the black tea and the 
green. Ord. Camelliaceae. In commerce many kinds 
of tea are met with. Several of the differences be- 
tween these appear to result from the age at which 
the leaves have been collected and the mode of 
desiccation. It is not unfrequently adulterated. Tea 
is astringent, and gently excitant in nervous head- 
ache, etc. By analogical transference the word tea 
has been used almost synonymously with infusion- 
as beef tea, mint tea, etc. T. German'ica, veronica. 
Thebaina, the-ba'in-ah. Thebaine. Alkaloid of 
opium. Paramorphia. See Opium. 
Thebe'sius, veins of. Name given to supposititious 
branches of the coronary veins, described as opening 
into the heart by small depressions observable in the 
right auricle, and which have been called foramina 
Thebesii. No such veins can be demonstrated. The 
valve at the orifice of the coronary vein, in the right 
ventricle, is called valvula Thebesii, valvula Guiffar- 
tiana, valvula venae magnse, valve of Thebesius. 
Thebolactic (the-bo-lak'tik) acid. Acid found in 
opium, identical with lactic acid. 
Theca, tha'kah (theke). Case; vagina; sheath. T. 
cer'ebri, cranium. T. cor'dls, pericardium. T. fol- 
lic'uli, see Folliculi Graafiani. T. vertebra'lis, see 
Vertebral canal. 
Thecal, the'kal {theca, a sheath). Relating or ap- 
pertaining to a sheath, as of a tendon. 
Thecitis, tha-se'tis {theca, itis). Term of hybrid 
formation, signifying inflammation of the sheath of 
a tendon. 
Thecostegnosis, the-co-steg-no'sis (theke, sheath, 
stegnoo, to constrict). Contraction of tendon-sheath. 
The'ine. CsHioNAK Crystallizable principle from 
thea, having the same composition as caffeine. See 
Coffea Arabica. 
Theion, thi'on (theion). Sulphur. 
Theiopegae, thi-o-pa'ge {theion, pege, a spring). Sul- 
phureous mineral waters. 
Theiothermse, thi-o-thur'me {theion, therme, heat). 
Waters, mineral, sulphureous. 
Thelalgia, thel-al'je-ah {thele, nipple, algos, pain). 
Pain in the nipple. 
Thelasis, thel-as'is (thelazo, to give suck). Lacta- 
tion. 
Thelasmus, thel-as'mus (thelasmos). Lactation. 
Thelastria, thel-as'tre-ah (thelastria). Nurse. 
1085 
THEORY 
Thele, tha'la (thele). Mamma; nipple. 
Thelitis, thel-e'tis (thele, itis). Inflammation of the 
nipple. 
Thelium, tha'le-um (thele). Papilla-layer of cells. 
Theloncus, thel-on'kus (thele, onkos, a swelling). 
Tumor or swelling of the breast. 
Thelophlebostemma, thel-o-fle-bos-tem'mah (thele, 
phleps, a vein, stemma, a wreath). Venous circle 
formed by union of veins around the nipple. 
Thelorrhagia, thel-or-rhaj'e-ah (thele, rhage, a rup- 
ture). Hemorrhage from the nipple. 
Thelosteophytum, thel-os-te-o-fe'tum (thele, osteon, 
bone, phuton, growth). Nipple-shaped osteophyte. 
Thelothism, the'lo-thizm (thele, otheo, to thrust). 
Projection of the nipple. 
Thelyblasts, the'le-blasts (thelus, life-giving, blastos, 
a bud). Term used to denote seminal parent-cells 
and mature ova. 
Thelygonia, thel-e-go'ne-ah (thelus, female, gone, 
generation). The part taken by the female in the 
act of generation. The procreation of female children. 
Also nymphomania. 
Thelygonum, thel-e-go'num (thelus, female, gone, 
sperm). Sperm (of the female). 
Thelyp'teris (thelus, female, pteris). Pteris aqui- 
lina. 
Thelytocia, thel-e-to-se'ah (thelus, female, tokos, 
birth). Parthenogenesis with female eggs only. 
Thenad, the'nad. Thenar. 
Thenal, the'nal. Thenar. Relating or appertaining 
to the thenar. T. as'pect, aspect toward the side on 
which the thenar is situated. Thenad is used ad- 
verbially to signify toward the thenal aspect. 
Thenar, the'nar (theno, to strike, to push). The 
palm of the hand or sole of the foot. Flexor brevis 
pollicis manus. Palm. T. (or The'nal) eminence, the 
projection at the anterior and outer part of the hand 
formed by the abductor brevis, opponens, and flexor 
brevis pollicis. T. (or The'nal) mus'cle, fleshy mass, 
formed of the abductor brevis, opponens pollicis, and 
the interior part of the flexor brevis pollicis. In the 
foot the name is applied to the abductor and flexor 
brevis pollicis pedis. ' 
Theobroma (the-o-bro'mah) ca'cao (theos, god, 
broma, food). Cacao. 
Theobromina, the-o-bro'min-ah. Theobromine. A 
substance obtained from the cocoanut, resembling 
caffeine, but more bitter and less soluble. 
Theobromine, the-o-bro'meen. C7H8N4O2. Alkaloid 
from seeds of Theobroma cacao, homologous with 
caffeine. White powder, with therapeutic properties 
similar in many respects to caffeine. The salts thus 
far known are T. lithium and lithium salicylate and 
T. sodium and sodium salicylate. Diuretic in cardiac 
affections and dropsical effusions. 
Theoma'nia (theos, god, mania). Demonomania. 
Theophylline, the-o-fil'lin (thea, tea, phullon, leaf). 
Alkaloid from tea, isomeric with theobromine. 
Theoplegia, the-o-plej'e-ah (theos, god, plege, a 
stroke). Apoplexy. 
Theoplex'ia (theos, god, plesso, to strike). Apo- 
plexy. 
Theoret'ical (theoreo, to contemplate). That which 
is confined to theory or connected with it. Also 
applied to a sect of physicians who founded their 
doctrine chiefly on reasoning. 
The'ory. The speculative part of a science; the 
connection established in the mind between a general 
fact, or the least possible number of general facts, 
and all the particular facts dependent thereon. The- 
ory must not be confounded with system: theory 
regards nature as it is, and is a rigid deduction from 
facts; system is too often the creature of the imag- 
ination, to which nature is made to bend. T. of 
med'icine, Institutes of medicine, Theoretical medicine ; 
that part of the science which attempts philosoph- 
ically to account for the various phenomena that pre- 
sent themselves during health as well as in disease; 
the philosophy of medicine. The institutes of medi- 
cine are generally considered to comprise physiology 
and its applications to pathology, hygiene, and ther- THERAPEIA 
apeutics; by some they are considered to include 
general pathology and general therapeutics. 
Therapeia, ther-ap-i'ah (therapeia). Curation; ther- 
apeutics. 
Therapeusis, ther-ap-u'sis. Therapeutics. 
Therapeu'ta, Therapeu'ter, or Therapeu'tes (ther- 
apeutes). Therapeutist. 
Therapeutical, ther-a-pu'tik-al. Eelating or apper- 
taining to therapeutics. 
Therapeutics, ther-ap-u'tiks (therapeuo, to wait 
upon, to alleviate, to attend upon the sick). The 
practice of medicine. That part of medicine the 
object of which is the treatment of disease. 
Therapeu'ticus. Therapeutical. 
Therapeutist, ther-ap-u'tist. One who practises 
therapeutics; a practitioner of medicine. 
Therapia, ther-ap-e'ah (therapeia). Therapeutics. 
Therencephalus, ther-en-sef'al-us (ther, beast, 
kephale, head). Skull whereof angle made by lines 
from inion and nasion to hormion measures from 116° 
to 129°. 
Thereobroma, ther-e-o-bro'mah (theros, summer, 
broma, food). Summer dietary. 
Theria, the're-ah (ther, a wild animal). Eadzyge. 
Theriac, ther'e-ak. Theriaca. 
Theriaca, ther-e'ak-ah (ther, a ferocious or venom- 
ous animal). Treacle, Molasses. Medicine believed 
to be capable of curing or preventing the effects of 
the bite of a venomous animal. Theriac and theri- 
acal have been used adjectively for medicinal. T. 
Androm'achi, Venice treacle; an ancient alexiphar- 
mic electuary, consisting of a farrago of 61 different 
ingredients, which possessed the most opposite prop- 
erties ; invented by Andromachus of Crete, and pre- 
pared by order of Nero. T. articulo'rum, colchicum. 
T. celes'tis, tinctura opii. T. commu'nis, molasses. 
T. Edinen'sis, confectio opii. T. Germano'rum, an 
extract or rob prepared from juniper berries; used 
as a stomachic. T. Londinen'sis, a cataplasm of cu- 
min seed, bay berries, germander, snakeroot, cloves, 
honey, and sometimes opium or syrup of poppies. T. 
rustico'rum, allium. 
Theri'aki. In Turkey opium-eaters are so called. 
Theriatrica, ther-e-at'rik-ah (ther, an animal, iatreia, 
medicine). Veterinary art. 
Theriocatarrhus, ther-e-o-kat-ar'rhus (theros, sum- 
mer, katarrho, to overflow). Hay fever. 
Theriodes, ther-e-o'daze (ther, a venomous animal, 
odes). Ferine. 
Therioma, ther-e-o'mah (ther, a venomous animal, 
oma). Therion. Any extremely malignant ulcer. 
Sometimes confined to ulcers of the lungs. 
Theriomor'phia. Theromorphia. 
The'rion. Therioma. 
Theriotomy, ther-e-ot'o-me (ther, an animal, temno, 
to cut). Zootomy. 
Therma, thur'mah (therme). Heat. T. em'phytum, 
animal heat. 
Thermae, thur'me (pl. of Therma) (thermal). Warm 
baths or springs. See Waters, mineral. 
Thermsesthe'sia (therme, heat, aisthesis, sensation). 
Sensation of heat. An instrument for measuring the 
sensibility of various parts of the skin to heat is 
called a Thermaesthesiometer. 
Ther'mal (therme). Eelating or appertaining to 
heat. Hot, warm, as a thermal mineral water. 
T. atax'ia, loss of heat-regulating power of the body. 
T. fe'ver, form of fever occurring during treatment 
by hot baths. T. ham'mer, see Hammer. T. sense, 
special division of sensation by which temperature is 
appreciated. 
Therman'tica (thermantika). Calefacients. 
Thermantidote, thurm-an'te-dote. Febrifuge. 
Thermasla, thur-mah'ze-ah (thermaino, to grow 
warm). A making hot; heat. 
Thermasma, thur-mas'mah (thermasma). Fomenta- 
tion. 
Thermic, thur'mic (therme). Eelating or appertain- 
ing to heat. T. fe'ver, sunstroke; see Coup de soleil 
and Insolation. 
Thermifugin, thur-mif'u-jin (therme, phugo, to flee). 
1086 
6 THERMOMETER 
Methyl-trihydroxylquinoline, carbonate of sodium. 
Crystalline substance having antipyretic properties. 
Thermoanaesthesia, thur-mo-an-ees-the'ze-ab. Loss 
of part or whole of the thermal sense, or a perversion 
of it, noticed in hysteria and syringomyelia and other 
affections dependent on lesions of the cord involving 
the lateral columns. 
Thermocautery, thur-mo-kaw'ter-e (f/iermos, hot, 
fcawter, a burner). Instrument for heating platinum 
instruments by means of vapor of benzine, etc. See 
PagtteZin. 
Thermochem'istry. The study of the mutual re- 
lations and reactions of chemistry and heat. 
Ther'mo-electric'lty. Development of electricity 
through the action of heat; may be used therapeuti- 
cally in surface thermometry. 
Thermogen'esis (tfierme, heat, genesis, production). 
The production or generation of heat. 
Thermogenic, thur-mo-jen'ik (therme, gennao, to be- 
get). Heat-forming. 
Ther'mograph (therme, grapho, to write). Instru- 
ment for registration of variations of temperature. 
Thermohypersesthesia, thur-mo-hip-er-ees-tha'ze- 
ah. Abnormal acuteness of the sense of temperature. 
Thermohyperalgesia, thur-mo-hip-er-al-ga'ze-ah 
(therme, algesia, sensation of pain). Painful sensation 
-not sense of temperature-from contact with a hot 
or cold body. 
Ther'mo-inhib'itory. That which prevents exces- 
sive heat-production or conservation. Applied theo- 
retically to a portion of the nervous system. 
Thermolusia, thur-mo-lu'ze-ah (therme, luo, to wash). 
Warm bath. 
Thermolytic, thur-mo-lit'ik (therme, luo, to loose). 
Heat-discharging. 
Thermometer, thur-mom'e-tur (therme, metron, meas- 
ure). An instrument with graduated scale for meas- 
uring the degree of heat. Mercury is generally used 
as the liquid in the tube, and several thermometers 
with differently graduated scales are employed. The 
Centigrade scale starts with the freezing-point of 
water at 0° and the boiling-point at 100°. Eeaumur's 
scale takes the freezing-point at 0° and the boiling- 
point at 80°. The Fahrenheit scale has the freezing- 
point at 32° and the boiling-point at 212°. To convert 
the degrees of any one of them into degrees of one 
or both of the other scales, it must be borne in mind 
that the zero of the two scales-Centigrade and 
Eeaumur- corresponds with the freezing-point of 
water, or 32° on the Fahrenheit scale. The boiling- 
point of water being respectively 100° on the Centi- 
grade scale, 80° on that of Eeaumur, and 212° on that 
of Fahrenheit, it will be seen that the degrees inter- 
vening between the two standard points of the scale 
amount to 100 on the Centigrade scale, 80 on that of 
Eeaumur, and 180 on that of Fahrenheit. This es- 
tablishes the following ratio of comparison of the 
three thermometers: 
180 : 100 : 80 :: 9 : 5 : 4. 
When the Fahrenheit scale is in question, 32° must 
be added or subtracted, as is clearly shown in the 
accompanying table. 
The following condensed rules will aid in making 
an accurate conversion of the three scales, Fahrenheit, 
Centigrade, and Eeaumur: 
Eules for Conversion of Thermometric 
Scales. 
C. = Centigrade. 
D. = Degree cited. 
F. = Fahrenheit. 
R. = Reaumur. 
If above freez- 
ing-point of 
water (32° F., 
0° C„ 0° R). 
If below freezing- 
point, and above 
zero F. (-17.77° 
C., -14.22° R.). 
If below zero F. 
(-17.77° C., - 
14.22° R. 
C. into F. 
DX 94-5+32 
32-(D X94-5) 
-(DX94-5)-32 
R. " F. 
DX 94-4+32 
32-(D X94-4) 
-(DX94-4)-32 
F. " C. 
D-32X54- 9 
-(32- D)X5-e-9 
-(D+32)X54-9 
F. " R. 
D-32X44- 9 
-(32- DJX44-9 
-(D+32)X44-9 
C. into R. (all temperatures) DX4-S-5. 
R. " C. 
" <» 
DX54-4. THERMOMETER 
1087 
THERMOSCOPE 
The following table gives a comparative view of 
the two scales generally in use, the Centigrade and 
the Fahrenheit, which will be found useful for imme- 
' diate reference (Stille and Maisch): 
Table fob Comparing Degrees of the Centigrade and Fahrenheit Thermometers. 
Cent. 
Fahr. 
Cent. 
Fahr. 
Cent. 
Fahr. 
Cent. 
Fahr. 
Cent. 
Fahr. 
-40c 
-40.0° 
+21° 
+ 69.8° 
+ 81° 
+ 177.8° 
+141° 
+285.8° 
+201° 
+ 393.8° 
39 
38.2 
22 
71.6 
82 
179.6 
142 
287.6 
202 
395.6 
38 
36.4 
23 
73.4 
83 
181.4 
143 
289.4 
203 
397.4 
37 
34.6 
24 
75.2 
84 
183.2 
144 
291.2 
204 
399.2 
36 
32.8 
25 
77.0 
85 
185.0 
145 
293.0 
205 
401.0 
35 
31.0 
26 
78.8 
86 
186.8 
146 
294.8 
206 
402.8 
34 
29.2 
27 
80.6 
87 
188.6 
147 
296.6 
207 
404.6 
33 
27.4 
28 
82.4 
88 
190.4 
148 
298.4 
208 
406.4 
32 
25.6 
29 
84.2 
89 
192.2 
149 
300.2 
209 
408.2 
31 
23.8 
30 
86.0 
90 
194.0 
150 
302.0 
210 
410.0 
30 
22.0 
31 
87.8 
91 
195.8 
151 
303.8 
211 
411.8 
29 
20.2 
32 
89.6 
92 
197.6 
152 
305.6 
212 
413.6 
28 
18.4 
33 
91.4 
93 
199.4 
153 
307.4 
213 
415.4 
27 
16.6 
34 
93.2 
94 
201.2 
154 
309.2 
214 
417.2 
26 
14.8 
35 
95.0 
95 
203.0 
155 
311.0 
215 
419.0 
25 
13.0 
36 
96.8 
96 
204.8 
156 
312.8 
216 
420.8 
24 
11.2 
37 
98.6 
97 
206.6 
157 
314.6 
217 
422.6 
23 
9.4 
38 
100.4 
98 
208.4 
158 
316.4 
218 
424.4 
22 
7.6 
39 
102.2 
99 
210.2 
159 
318.2 
219 
426.2 
21 
5.8 
40 
104.0 
100 
212.0 
160 
320.0 
220 
428.0 
20 
4.0 
41 
105.8 
101 
213.8 
161 
321.8 
221 
429.8 
19 
2.2 
42 
107.6 
102 
215.6 
162 
323.6 
222 
431.6 
18 
0.4 
43 
109.4 
103 
217.4 
163 
325.4 
223 
433.4 
17 
+ 1-4 
44 
111.2 
104 
219.2 
164 
327.2 
224 
435.2 
16 
3.2 
45 
113.0 
105 
221.0 
165 
329.0 
225 
437.0 
15 
5.0 
46 
114.8 
106 
222.8 
166 
330.8 
226 
438.8 
14 
6.8 
47 
116.6 
107 
224.6 
167 
332.6 
227 
440.6 
13 
8.6 
48 
118.4 
108 
226.4 
168 
334.4 
228 
442.4 
12 
10.4 
49 
120.2 
109 
228.2 
169 
336.2 
229 
444.2 
11 
12.2 
50 
122.0 
110 
230.0 
170 
338.9 
230 
446.0 
10 
14.0 
51 
123.8 
111 
231.8 
171 
339.8 
231 
447.8 
9 
15.8 
52 
125.6 
112 
233.6 
172 
341.6 
232 
449.6 
8 
17.6 
53 
127.4 
113 
235.4 
173 
343.4 
233 
451.4 
7 
19.4 
54 
129.2 
114 
237.2 
174 
345.2 
234 
453.2 
6 
21.2 
55 
131.0 
115 
239.0 
175 
347.0 
235 
455.0 
5 
23.0 
56 
132.8 
116 
240.8 
176 
348.8 
236 
456.8 
4 
24.8 
57 
134.6 
117 
242.6 
177 
350.6 
237 
458.6 
3 
26.6 
58 
136.4 
118 
244.4 
178 
352.4 
238 
460.4 
2 
28.4 
59 
138.2 
119 
246.2 
179 
354.2 
239 
462.2 
1 
30.2 
60 
140.0 
120 
248.0 
180 
356.0 
240 
464.0 
0 
32.0 
61 
141.8 
121 
249.8 
181 
357.8 
241 
465.8 
+ 1 
33.8 
62- 
143.6 
122 
251.6 
182 
359.6 
242 
467.6 
2 
35.6 
63 
145.4 
123 
253.4 
183 
361.4 
243 
469.4 
3 
37.4 
64 
147.2 
124 
255.2 
184 
363.2 
244 
471.2 
4 
39.2 
65 
149.0 
125 
257.0 
185 
365.0 
245 
473.0 
5 
41.0 
66 
150.8 
126 
258.8 
186 
366.8 
246 
474.8 
6 
42.8 
67 
152.6 
127 
260.6 
187 
368.6 
247 
476.6 
7 
44.6 
68 
154.4 
128 
262.4 
188 
370.4 
248 
478.4 
8 
46.4 
69 
156.2 
129 
264.2 
189 
372.2 
249 
480.2 
9 
48.2 
70 
158.0 
130 
266.0 
190 
374.0 
250 
482.0 
10 
50.0 
71 
159.8 
131 
267.8 
191 
375.8 
260 
500.0 
11 
51.8 
72 
161.6 
132 
269.6 
192 
377.6 
280 
536.0 
12 
53.6 
73 
163.4 
133 
271.4 
193 
379.4 
300 
572.0 
13 
55.4 
74 
165.2 
134 
273.2 
194 
381.2 
350 
662.0 
14 
57.2 
75 
167.0 
135 
275.0 
195 
383.0 
400 
752.0 
15 
59.0 
76 
168.8 
136 
276.8 
196 
384.8 
450 
842.0 
16 
60.8 
77 
170.6 
137 
278.6 
197 
386.6 
500 
932.0 
17 
62.6 
78 
172.4 
138 
280.4 
198 
388.4 
600 
1112.0 
18 
64.4 
79 
174.2 
139 
282.2 
199 
390.2 
700 
1292.0 
19 
66.2 
80 
176.0 
140 
284.0 
200 
392.0 
800 
1472.0 
20 
68.0 
Reaumur's scale is rarely employed, and its comparative degrees are not therefore inserted here. The conversion from 
Reaumur degrees to the degrees of the other scales can easily be made by the rules already mentioned. See Heat. 
The Clinical Thermometer is one used by medical men 
to test the temperature of the body in cases of disease, as 
fever; covering only a certain number of degrees above 
or below the normal temperature. Normal and abnor- 
mal temperatures may be thus classified (Finlayson): 
The clinical thermometer is usually applied under 
the tongue and retained in that position for several 
minutes by the patient. For comparison, the same 
hour each day should be chosen. 
Thermometry, thur-mom'e-tre. Application of the 
thermometer in diseases. 
Thermoneurosis, thur-mo-nu-ro'sis (therme, neuron, 
nerve, osis). Elevation of temperature due to vaso- 
motor condition, and not due to fever. 
Thermonosus, thur-mon'o-sus (therme, nosos, dis- 
ease). Disease produced by heat. 
Thermopodium, thur-mo-po'de-um (therm e, pous, 
foot). Hot pediluvium. 
Thermoscope, thur'mo-scope (therme, skopeo, to ex- 
amine). Instrument for determining differences in 
temperature. 
Below 
35° Cent.= 95° Fahr. 
36 " = 96.8 " 
Very low or collapse tem- 
peratures. 
About 361 " = 97.7 " Subnormal temperatures. 
Normal 37 " = 98.6 " Normal temperature. 
About 
371 " = 99.5 " 
38 " =100.4 " 
381 " =101.3 " 
Slightly above normal, or 
subfebrile temperatures. 
About 
About 
'39 " =102.2 " 
391 " =103.1 " 
'40 " =104 
.401 " =104.9 " 
Moderately febrile temper- 
atures. 
Highly febrile temper- 
atures. 
Above 41 " =105.8 " 
Hyperpy retie temper- 
atures. THERMOSTAT 
Thermostat, thur'mo-stat {therme, histemi, to cause to 
stand). Automatic apparatus for maintaining con- 
stant temperature, based upon expansion of gases 
and solids upon the elevation of temperature. 
Thermosystaltic, thur-mo-sis-tal'tik {therme, sustal- 
tikos, adapted for contracting). Term applied to a 
muscle which is influenced in its contraction by heat 
and cold. Athermosystaltic means one not so in- 
fluenced. 
Thermoterion, thur-mo-ta're-on {therme, tereo, to 
preserve). An apparatus for keeping food warm in 
the nursery, sick-chamber, or when travelling. 
Therm other apeia, thur-mo-ther-ap-e'ah {therme, 
therapeia, treatment of disease). Treatment by means 
of heat, and especially of hot air. 
Thermotoxic, thur-mo-toks'ik {therme, tasso, to ar- 
range). Regulating heat-production or dissipation. 
Thermum emphytum, thur'mum em'fit-um {therme, 
emphutos, innate). Animal heat. 
Theromorphia, ther-o-mor'fe-ah {ther, heast, morphe, 
form). Anomalous arrangement of structure of parts 
of the human body similar to that normally present 
in lower animals. 
The'sis {thesis, a proposition). Inaugural disserta- 
tion. A position or proposition. The name usually 
given to the essay composed by a candidate for gradu- 
ation in medicine. In many universities, of Ger- 
many especially, the disputatio inauguralis is the 
public dissertation, while the theses are questions 
put to the candidate and answered in writing in the 
Latin language. 
Thevetia (thev-a'te-ah) ahouai (after Andrew 
Thevet, a French monk, who travelled in Brazil 
in the sixteenth century). Ahouai. The kernels of 
the nut of this Brazilian tree are said to be a violent 
poison. In the Antilles its nuts are called noix de 
serpent, and are used against the bites of serpents. 
T. nerifo'lia, Yellow oleander, Exile tree; common 
tree in the gardens of Southern India; has acrid 
properties, and has been given in tincture prepared 
from the bark as an antiperiodic in intermittent 
fever. T. yccotTi, native tree of Mexico, having 
poisonous seeds, and used as an ointment for piles. 
Thevetin, thev-e'tin. White crystalline or pow- 
dery glucoside, having poisonous properties, and ob- 
tained from Thevetia yccotli. 
Thi (abbreviation of Thion, sulphur). Prefix of 
sulphur compounds. 
Thlaldehyde, the-al'de-hyde. Sulphaldehyde. 
Thibet (tib-bet') musk. Special variety of musk 
imported from Thibet. 
Thicklist'ed. Pursy. 
Thieves' vin'egar. Acetum aromaticum. 
Thigh, thi. Femur, Femen. Of old, femur meant 
the thigh generally, and especially the outer part; 
femen, the inner part. It is now defined as the part 
of the lower limb which extends from the pelvis to 
the leg. T., neck of the, long, narrow, and oblique 
portion of the thigh-bone separating the head from 
the two trochanters. 
Thigh-bone. Femur. 
Thil'anin. Combination of sulphur (3 per cent.) 
and lanolin, applied externally in eczema, herpes, 
and sycosis. 
Thim'bleberry. Fruit of Rubus occidentalis. 
Thim/bleweed. Rudbeckia laciniata. 
Thiol, the'ol. Product of treatment of brown- 
colored paraffin or gas oils at high temperature with 
sulphur. There are two thiols-a thin watery ex- 
tract, liquid thiol, and one evaporated to dryness, dry 
thiol. Employed in the treatment of skin diseases, 
acute and chronic scrofulous ulcers, endometritis, 
etc. It is applied in powder, collodion, solution in 
water or glycerin, ointment, plaster, etc.; internally 
in pills or chocolate. 
Thion, the'on (theion). Sulphur. 
Thionic, the-on'ik. Relating to sulphur. 
Thio-oxydiphenylamine, the'o-oks-e-de-fen-il'am- 
een. Sulphaminol. 
Thiophen, the'o-fen. C1H1S. Colorless oily liquid 
derived from coal-tar benzene; not important thera- 
1088 
THOMSON I AN ISM 
peutically ; its derivatives, sodium thiophen sulphon- 
ate and thiophen di-iodide, are used instead; the for- 
mer is a white powder containing 33 per cent, of sul- 
phur ; the latter contains 9.5 per cent. The sodium 
salt has been used in prurigo; the di-iodide as a sub- 
stitute for iodoform in cancer or inflammation of the 
breast, caries, and phlegmonous inflammations. 
Thioresorcin, the-o-res-or'sin. CgH.i(OS)2. Gray 
powder, allied in composition to resorcin and repla- 
cing it. Used as substitute for iodoform in ulcers of 
the leg. 
Thiosin'amin. Allylsulphocarbamid. Made by 
heating together allylmustard oil, absolute alcohol, 
and solution of ammonia. Used hypodermically in 
lupus. 
Thioxydiphenylamine, the-ox-e-de-fen-il'am-een. 
Sulphaminol. 
Thirst. A desire for, or absolute want of, liquids. 
It is owing to the wants of the system, a supply of 
fluid being required to compensate for the numerous 
losses that are constantly taking place. T., exces'- 
sive, polydipsia. T., mor'bid, excessive desire for 
drinking. 
Thirst'y. Affected with thirst. 
This'tle, bless'ed. Centaurea benedicta. T., cot'- 
ton, Onopordium acanthium. T., globe, echinops. 
T., ho'ly, Centaurea benedicta. T., la'dies', Carduus 
marianus. T., milk, com'mon, Carduus marianus. 
T., pine, Atractylus gummifera. T., sow, Sonchus 
oleraceus. T., star, Centaurea calcitrapa. T., yel'~ 
low, Argemone Mexicana. 
Thladias, thlad'e-as (thlao, to crush). Eunuch. 
Thlap'sis depres'sio (thlao, to break). Depression; 
melancholy. 
Thlasias, thlas'e-as (fhlasias). Eunuch. 
Thlasis, thlas'is (thlasis). Contusion. T. depres'- 
sio, depression. 
Thlasma, thlas'ma (thlasma). Contusion. T. con- 
cus'sio, concussion. T. strem'ma, sprain. 
Thlaspi, thlas'pe (thlaspis). Penny cress. Ord. Cru- 
cifer®. Two species of thlaspi are directed in some 
pharmacopoeias for medical use: Thlaspi arvense, or 
treacle mustard, and Thlaspi campestre or hirsutum 
or vulgatius, mithridate mustard. The pharmaceu- 
tical properties of both kinds resemble those of com- 
mon mustard. T. bur'sa or bursa'tum, Bursa pasto- 
ris, Shepherd's purse, Cocowort, St. James's wort, Poor 
man's parmacity; a common European plant intro- 
duced into this country; slightly astringent. T. nas- 
tur'tium, Lepidium sativum. T. sati'vum, Lepidium 
sativum. 
Thlibias, thlib'e-as (tWifio, to crush). Eunuch. 
Thlipsencephalia, thlips-en-sef-al'e-ah. See Deren- 
cephalia. 
Thlipsencephalus, thlips-en-sef 'al-us (thlipsis, com- 
pression, enkephalos, the encephalon). A monster in 
whom the skull is open, not merely in the frontal 
and parietal, but also in the occipital region, a dis- 
tinct fontanelle not existing; supposed to be due to 
compression of foetal head. There is lesion also of 
the upper part of the vertebral column. 
Thlip'sis (thlipsis). Compression, and especially 
constriction, of vessels by an external cause. Op- 
pression. 
Thnescologia, thnes-co-lo'je-ah (thnesco, to die, logos, 
discourse). Thanatology. 
Tho'lus (tholos, vaulted chamber). Achicolum. T. 
diocle'us, bandage for the head. 
Thom'sen's disease'. Myotonia congenita. Family 
disease, commonly congenital, wherein the muscles 
become rigidly contracted when first used after an 
interval of rest. It is more common in Germany and 
Scandinavia than in this country. It is said to have 
affected the family of Dr. Thomsen, who first described 
it, for five generations. The voluntary muscular 
fibres become greatly hypertrophied. 
Thomso'nian. One who practises or believes in 
Thomsonianism. 
Thomso'nianism. Thomsonism. A fanciful doc- 
trine, of which a person of the name of Thomson, of 
New England, was the founder. One of its leading THORACENTESIS 
principles is that the human body is composed of four 
elements-earth, air, fire, and water; and one of its 
apothegms, that metals and minerals are in the earth, 
and, being extracted from the depths of the earth, 
have a tendency to carryall down into the earth who 
use them; that the tendency of all vegetables is to 
spring up from the earth, and therefore to uphold 
mankind from the grave. The Thomsonians are 
botanical doctors. See Herb doctor. 
Thoracentesis, tho-rah-sen-ta'sis. Thoracocentesis. 
Thoracic, tho-rah'sik. That which relates or be- 
longs to the thorax or chest. T. a'orta, see Aorta. T. 
ar'tery. The Acromial thoracic is a short trunk arising 
from the fore part of the axillary artery. The Alar 
thoracic is a small branch which supplies the glands 
and areolar tissue of the axillary. The Inferior 
thoracic artery arises from the axillary, and descends 
vertically over the latter part of the thorax and the 
serratus major anticus. It becomes subcutaneous, 
and divides into several branches which embrace the 
breast. The Superior thoracic artery arises from the axil- 
lary artery or from the acromial, and descends forward 
between the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, to 
which it distributes itself by a great number of 
branches. T. ax'is, common trunk of superior tho- 
racic and acromiothoracic arteries. T. cage, bony 
and ligamentous thorax. T. cav'ity, space bounded 
by the ribs, vertebral column, and diaphragm. T. 
duct, Duct of Pecquet, Alimentary duct; the duct in 
which the lymphatics of the lower limbs, abdomen, 
left superior extremity, leftside of the head, neck, and 
thorax terminate. It begins at the receptaculum 
chyli, which is formed by the union of five or six 
large lymphatic trunks, themselves formed from the 
union of all the absorbent plexuses of the abdomen. 
It ascends into the chest through the pillars of the 
diaphragm and by the side of the aorta and vena 
azygos. It opens at the posterior part of the subcla- 
vian vein of the same side. T. gan'glia, ganglia of 
sympathetic system situate in cavity of thorax. T. 
glands, set of lymphatic glands situate on the external 
thoracic wall. T. limbs are the upper limbs, so called 
because they are articulated with the lateral and up- 
per parts of the chest. T. nerves, the short or anterior 
thoracic nerves are two in number; they arise from 
the brachial plexus and divide into an anterior and a 
posterior branch. The long thoracic nerve, posterior 
thoracic, external respiratory of Sir Charles Bell, is a 
long branch which arises from the fourth and fifth 
cervical nerves, immediately after their escape from 
the intervertebral foramina, and passes downward to 
bp distributed upon the serratus magnus muscle. T. 
ra'tio, that existing between the anteroposterior and 
lateral diameters of the thorax. T. re'gions are the 
different regions of the chest; thus, we say anterior, 
lateral, and superior thoracic, etc. T. veins, branches 
emptying into the axillary veins. T. ver'tebrae, ver- 
tebrae, dorsal. 
Thoracica, thor-as'ik-ah (thorax). Pectoralis. 
Thorac'ico-abdom'inal re'gion. That part of the 
thorax occupied by the arch of the diaphragm and its 
contents. 
Thorac'ics, first of the. Superior external mam- 
mary artery. 
Thoraco, tho'rak-o. In composition, the thorax or 
chest. 
Thoracocentesis, tho-ra-ko-sen-ta'sis (thoraco, ken- 
tesis, puncture). Perforation of the chest to evacuate 
contained fluid, as in empyema. 
Thoracocyllosis, tho-rak-o-sil-lo'sis (thoraco, kullo- 
sis, a crippling). Deformity of the thorax. 
Thoracocyrtosis, tho-rak-o-sur-to'sis (thoraco, kur- 
tos, curved). Abnormal curvature of thorax. 
Thoracocystis, tho-rak-o-sis'tis. Thoracystis. 
Thoracodidymus, tho-rak-o-did'im-us (thoraco, did- 
•umos, a twin). Monstrosity in which twins are united 
by the thorax. 
Thoracodyne, tho-rak-od'in-a (thoraco, odune, pain). 
Pleurodynia. Pain in the chest. 
Thoracodynia, tho-rak-o-din'e-ah. Pleurodynia. 
Pain in the chest. 
1089 
THORAX 
Thoracogastrodidymus, tho-rak-o-gas-tro-did' im- 
us (thoraco, gaster, the belly, didumos, a twin). A mon- 
strosity in which twins are united by the chest and 
abdomen. 
Thoracogastroschisis, tho-rak-o-gas-tros'kis-is (tho- 
raco, gaster, a stomach, schizo, to divide). Congenital 
cleft of the abdominal wall involving the thorax 
also. 
Thoracom'eter (thoraco, metron, measure). Steth- 
ometer. 
Thoracomonodidyme, tho-rak-o-mo-no-did'im-e 
(thoraco, monos, single, didumos, a twin). Thoraco- 
didymus. 
Thoracomyodyn'ia (thoraco, myodynia). Pleuro- 
dynia. 
Thoracopagus, tho-rak-op'ag-us (thoraco, pegnumi, 
to fasten together). Double monster united at the tho- 
rax. T. tribrach'ius, one having two of the upper 
limbs fused. T. tri'pus, one having two of the lower 
limbs fused. 
Thoracopathia, tho-rak-o-path-e'ah (thoraco, pathos, 
diseased Disease or suffering in the chest. 
Thoracoplasty, tho'rak-o-plas-te (thoraco, plasso, to 
mould). Plastic operation upon the thorax. 
Thoracoschisis, tho-rak-os'kis-is (thoraco, schizo, to 
split). Fissure of the thorax. 
Thoracoscopium, tho-rak-o-skop'e-um. Stetho- 
scope. 
Thoracoscopy, tho-rak-os'ko-pe (thoraco, skopeo, to 
inspect). See Auscultation. 
Thoracostenosis, tho-rak-o-sten-o'sis (thoraco, ste- 
noso, to confine). Contraction of the thorax. 
Thoracotomy, tho-rak-ot'o-me (thoraco, tome, incis- 
ion). Incision into, or operation on, the thorax. 
Thoracocentesis. 
Thoracotromus, tho-rak-ot'ro-mus (thoraco, tromos, 
a trembling). Tremor of the chest. 
Thoracystis, tho-rah-sis'tis (thorax, kustis, a blad- 
der). Encysted dropsy of the chest. Hydatids in 
the chest. 
Thoradel'phus (thorax, adelphos, brother). Double 
monstrosity with one head and the trunks united 
above the umbilicus. There are four lower extrem- 
ities and two upper. 
Tho'rax (thorax, a cuirass, a coat of mail). The 
breast, the chest; one of the splanchnic cavities, 
bounded posteriorly by the vertebrae, laterally by 
the ribs and scapula, anteriorly by the sternum, 
above by the clavicle, and below by the diaphragm; 
destined to lodge and protect the chief organs of 
respiration and circulation, the lungs and the heart. 
Corset. The following estimates have been made as 
to measurements, etc. of the thorax (Vierordt): 
Dimensions and Weight of Thorax (cm.) 
(Krause). 
Sternum: Height (length). . . 18-20 (man), 16-17 (woman). 
Length. Breadth. Thickness. 
Manubrium. . . 4.6 up to 6 1.5 
Body 11 (man), 9 (woman), varies. 0.8 
Xiphoid process . varies. " 0.2 
Ribs: Weight (Dursy) (the cartilages are included): 
14 true ribs 472 g. 
10 false ribs 202 g. 
The seventh rib is the heaviest, weighing 52 g. (of which the 
cartilage weighs 23); the twelfth rib is the lightest, weigh- 
ing 4 g. 
Anterior wall ("after moderate expiration) . . 16-19(Krause). 
Posterior wall 27-30 
Lateral wall 32 
(a) Internal Dimensions. 
Between incisura sternalis of sternum and first thoracic 
vertebra 5-6 
Between the middle of the sternum and sixth thoracic 
vertebra 12-15 
Between xiphoid process and twelfth thoracic verte- 
bra . . 15-19 
Between cartilage of the fourth and angle of the sev- 
enth rib .... 16-20 
Transverse diameter between first pair of ribs .... 9-11 
" " " sixth " " .... 20-23 
" " " twelfth " " . . . . 18-20 
Horizontal circumference in the middle of the height . 65-76 THORE 
(&) Circumference of Chest. 
Circumference on expiration (cm.): 
Middle average: 82 (Frohlich), the arms in vertical posi- 
tion, below the nipples and close to angle of scapula. 
Middle average : 82 (Krug). 
" " 81.8 (Fetzer) above nipples and angle of 
scapula, arms in vertical position. 
Middle average: 76-85. Extreme, 70-95. 
Average: 82; 76 for women. 
The lower circumference of expiration (height of xiphoid 
process and sixth rib) amounts to 76 ; in women to 70. 
Circumference on inspiration: 
Average: 90 (Frohlich). 
" 90.7 (Krug). 
" 89 (Fetzer). 
Middle average: 86-95. Extreme, 76-100. 
In right-handed individuals the periphery of the right side 
exceeds the left side in size 1-2 cm.; in left-handed indi- 
viduals the left side equals the right in size, or is only a 
little larger. 
Breadth of thorax (costal or transverse diameter): 
Men 25-26 
Women 23-24 
Above (i. e. the highest point in the axilla) . . 25.8 
In the middle (height of nipples) ...... 26.1 
Below (xiphoid process and cartilages of sixth 
rib) 25.8 
Thore, tho'ra (thore). Sperm. 
Thorn'apple. Datura stramonium. T., red, Datura 
sanguinea. 
Thorn-head'ed worms. See Acanthacephala. 
Thorn'wald's disease. Inflammation of Luschka's 
gland. 
Thor'oughstem. Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
Thor'oughwax. Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
Thor'oughwort. Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
Thor'owwax. Bupleurum rotundifolium. 
Thor'ulus stramin'eus (a straw pad). A splint of 
straw, corded and having a central stick for a splint; 
used for fractures of thigh or leg. 
Thorns, tho'rus (Z/ioros). Semen. 
Thought-read'ing. Muscle-reading; not direct 
thought-reading, except by appreciation of involun- 
tary muscular movements of the subject. 
Thought-transfer'ence. See Thought-reading and 
Hypnotism. 
Thrse'nine (Ger. thrane, a tear). See Tears. 
Thread'worm. Dracunculus. T., long, tricho- 
cephalus. 
Three-leaved night'shade. Trillium. 
Threpsis, threp'sis (trepho, to nourish). Assimila- 
tion ; nutrition. 
Threpsology, threp-sol'o-je (threpsis, logos, a descrip- 
tion). The doctrine of, or treatise on, the nutrition of 
organized bodies. 
Thresh'old. Term used in psychophysics to im- 
ply the limitation of perception of stimulus or of 
difference between two stimuli of different inten- 
sities. 
Thrid'ace (thridax). Lactucarium. Thridacium is 
obtained by expression from Lactuca sativa. 
Thridacine, thrid-as-e'na (thridakine). Lactuca. 
Thridacium, thrid-as'e-um (thridax). See Thridace. 
Thri'dax. Lactuca. 
Thrift, American. Statice Caroliniana. T.,lav'- 
ender, Statice limonium. T., seaside, Statice Caro- 
liniana. 
Thrill. Fremitus; also feeling of vibration felt 
over an aneurism and over the heart and great ves- 
sels in certain diseases of the heart, etc. 
Thrix (thrix). Hair. 
Throat. The anterior part of the neck; also the 
fauces and pharynx. 
Throat'root. Geum Virginianum; liatris. 
Throat'wort. Campanula trachelium. 
Throb. Pulsation or beat. 
Throb'bing. Pulsatory, Pulsating. A throbbing 
pain is a kind of pain which is, or seems to be, 
caused or augmented by the pulsation of arteries. 
Throe. Agony; labor-pains. 
Thromballosis, throm-bal-lo'sis (thrombos, a clot, 
alloioo, to change). The change resulting from coag- 
ulation of blood in the veins. See Thrombosis. 
Thrombi lactei, throm'be lak'ta-e. Accumulation 
1090 
> THYMA 
of milk in the mammary gland; obstruction caused 
in this way. 
Thrombo-arteritis, throm'bo-ar-ter-e'tis (thrombus, 
arteria, artery). Thrombus producing arteritis. 
Thrombocystis, throm-bo-sis'tis (thrombus, kustis, 
a cyst). The cyst occasionally surrounding a clot of 
blood, as in encephalic hemorrhage. 
Thromboid, throm'boid (thrombus). Resembling a 
thrombus. 
Thrombolymphangltis, throm-bo-limf-an-je'tis 
(thrombus, lymphangitis). Inflammation of lymphatic 
vessels from obstruction. 
Thrombophlebitis, throm-bo-fleb-e'tis (thrombus, 
phlebitis). Inflammation of a vein with formation of 
thrombus, or from softening of a thrombus by an 
abscess. 
Throm'bos. A clot. See Thrombus. 
Thrombosis, throm-bo'sis (thrombus, osis). Coagu- 
lation ; applied especially to coagulation of blood in 
a blood-vessel. The partial or complete obstruction 
of any portion of the circulatory apparatus by a mor- 
bid product developed in situ. The coagulum may be 
carried onward (see Embolism), or go on to suppura- 
tion. T., maran'tic, thrombosis of the cerebral 
sinuses coincident with marasmus or generally defec- 
tive nutrition. 
Thrombus, throm'bus (thrombos, a clot). A coagu- 
lum formed during life in any portion of the vascular 
system where there is obstruction to the circulating 
blood. Formerly a small, hard, round, bluish tumor, 
Hsematoma, formed by effusion of blood in the vicinity 
of a vein opened in the operation of bloodletting. 
See Blood. T. neonato'rum, cephalaematoma. T., 
pelMc, pelvic hematocele. T. of vul'va and vagi'na, 
pudendal hematocele. 
Throttle, throt'tel (dim. of Throat). Trachea; 
also to press powerfully or continuously with the 
fingers on the throat, so as to endanger or produce 
apnoea and death; to strangle. 
Throw. Agony; labor pains. 
Thro'wort. Leonurus cardiaca. 
Thrush. Aphthe of infants. T. fun'gus, see Aph- 
thae. T., milk, aphthe. T., white, aphthe. 
Thrypsis, thrip'sis (thrupto, to break in pieces). 
Comminution. 
Thrypticus, thrip'tik-us (thrupto, to break in 
pieces). Lithontriptic. 
Thu'ja. Thuya. T. occidenta'lis, Thuya occiden- 
talis. 
Thujetic (thu-je'tic) acid. Derivative of thujin 
formed by heating with barium hydrate. 
Thujetin, thu'je-tin. Derivative of thujin. 
Thujigenin, thu-jij'en-in. ' Derivative of thujin, 
formed from alcoholic solution of thujin by heating 
with dilute hydrochloric or sulphuric acid. 
Thujin, thu'jin. Crystallizable, citron-yellow col- 
oring principle obtained from Thuja occidentalis. 
Thumb. The first finger (counting the fingers as 
five); or, similarly, the first toe. See Pollex. 
Thu'rea (thus). Juniperus lycia. T. vir'ga, Junip- 
erus lycia. 
Thus (thuo, to burn perfumes). See Pinus abies. 
T. America'num, see Pinus sylvestris. T. fcemine'um, 
see Pinus abies. T. Judseo'rum, Croton cascarilla; 
styrax; thymiama. T. libano'tos, Juniperus lycia. 
T. mas'culum, Juniperus lycia. T. ve'rum, Junip- 
erus lycia. T. vulga're, see Pinus abies. 
Thu'ya (thuos, incense). See T. aphylla, T. obtusa, 
and T. occidentalis. Also the arrangement of the 
medullary matter of the cerebellum, termed arbor 
vitae. T. aphyl'la, see Sandarac. T. obtu'sa, T. 
occidentalis. T. or Thu'ja occidenta'lis, American- 
arbor vitae, Tree of life ; ord. Coniferae; the leaves and 
wood were formerly in high repute as resolvents, 
sudorifics, and expectorants; given in phthisical 
affections, intermittent fevers, and dropsies. Thuja 
(Ph. U. S.) is the fresh tops of T. occidentalis. The 
expressed juice has been applied to condylomata. 
Thylaci'tis (thulakos, a small sac, itis). Gutta 
rosea. 
Thy'ma. Ecthyma; thymion. THYMACETiNE 
Thymacetine, thime-as'et-een. White powder, 
derivative of thymol, closely allied to phenacetin; 
analgesic and hypnotic in doses of 5 to 10 grains. 
Thymasthma, thim-asth'mah. Asthma thymicum. 
Thymbra, thim'brah (thumbra). Satureia hortensis. 
T. hlspan'ica, Thymus mastichina. 
Thyme. Thymus. T., cat, Teucrium marum. T., 
com'mon, thymus. T., gar'den, thymus. T., lem'on, 
see Thymus serpyllum. T., moth'er of, Thymus serpyl- 
lum. T., oil of, see Thymus. T., Virgin'ia, Pycnan- 
themum linifolium. T., wild, Thymus serpyllum. 
Thymelsea, thim-el-e'ah (thumos, thyme, elaia, the 
olive tree). Daphne gnidium. T. laure'ola, Daphne 
laureola. T. meze'reum, Daphne mezereum. T. 
Monspeli'aca, Daphne gnidium. 
Thymelcosis, thim-el-ko'sis (t&ymws, helkos, an ul- 
cer). Ulceration of the thymus gland. 
Thymene, thy'meen. Hydrocarbon associated with 
cymene and thymol in thyme. 
Thymiama, thim-e-am'ah (thuo, to burn perfumes). 
A perfume. Muskwood. Bark from Syria, Cilicia, etc., 
supposed to be the product of the liquid storax tree. 
It has an agreeable balsamic smell, approaching that 
of liquid storax. See Lacaphthon and Narcaphthon; 
also Fumigation and Suffimentum. 
Thymiasiotechnia, thim-e-as-e-o-tek'ne-ah (thymi- 
asis, fumigation, techne, art). Thymiatechny. 
Thymiasis, thim-e'as-is (thumiasis). Fumigation. 
Thymiatechny, thim-e-a-tek'ne (thumiama, a per- 
fume, techne, art). The art of employing perfumes in 
medicine. 
Thymic, thy'mic. Having relation to the thymus, 
as thymic asthma, which may be a form of reflex 
spasm or due to enlargement of the thymus gland. 
Relating to thyme (pron. ty'mic). T. ac'id, thymol. 
Thymion, thim'e-on (thumion, thumos, thyme). A 
small wart on the skin resembling a bud of thyme. 
Thymiosis, thim-e-o'sis (thymion). Frambcesia. T. 
In'dica, frambcesia. 
Thymites, thim-e'tees (thumites). Wine impreg- 
nated with thyme. 
Thymitis, thim-e'tis (thumos, thymus, it is). In- 
flammation of the thymus gland. 
Thymol, ti'mol. C10H13HO. Thymic acid; thyme 
camphor. Stearopteu from volatile oils of Thymus 
vulgaris, Monarda punctata, and Carum Ajowan, ob- 
tained as a solid by refrigeration of the oil, or in the 
liquid form by treating the essence of thyme, in which 
it is associated with a hydrocarbon, thymene, with an 
aqueous solution of an alkali, as soda or potash, and 
acting on the separated soap with acid, as hydrochloric 
acid. It is also obtained from other volatile oils. It 
is antiseptic and a local anaesthetic. Used internally 
in typhoid fever, rheumatism, fermentation of the 
stomach and bowels, whooping cough, etc.; externally 
applied to carious teeth and as an ingredient in lini- 
ments ; to wounds in proportion of 1 part to 1000, 
and to skin diseases; used also for preservation of 
anatomical specimens, etc. It is also employed in 
gauze, by inhalation, by spraying, and in ointment. 
Thymopathia, thim-o-path-e'ah (thumos, the mind, 
pathos, affection). A disease of the mind. Mental 
disorder. 
Thymos, the'mos (thumos). Rage; thymus. 
Thymoxalme, thim-oks'al-me (thumos, thyme, oxus, 
acid, hats, salt). Compound of thyme, vinegar, and 
salt. 
Thymum, the'mum. Thymus. 
Thymus, thy'mus (thumos). Sweetbread. An organ, 
concerned in luematosis, seated in the upper separa- 
tion of the anterior mediastinum. It has the appear- 
ance of a glandular body; oblong, bilobate, soft, and 
very variable in size and color. In the foetus it is 
very large, and contains in a central cavity-reser- 
voir of the thymus-a milky fluid. It gradually dis- 
appears, and in old age is scarcely discernible. The 
arteries called thymic are from the inferior thyroid, 
internal mammary, bronchial, and mediastinal. The 
veins have the same arrangement. It receives some 
nervous filaments from the pneumogastric nerves, the 
phrenic, and the inferior cervical ganglia. 
1091 
THYREO-EPI GLOTTICUS 
The following measurements have recently been 
made of this organ : 
Weight, 18.5 gm. (E. Bischoff). Volume, 4-23 cm. 
Length 54-83 (Krause), 
from birth to 9th month 59.1 (Friedlebeu). 
from 9th month to 2d year .... 69.6 
from 3d to 14th year 84.4 
Middle breadth 27-41 
above and below 7-9 
In the 25th to 35th year the thymus usually disappears; 
exceptionally it remains till old age. 
Thy'mus. Thyme (pron. time). Ord. Labiatse. 
This has an agreeable, aromatic smell, and a warm, 
pungent taste, and is reputed to be resolvent, emmen- 
agogue, tonic, and stomachic. The properties of 
thyme are due to two hydrocarbons, thymene and 
cymene, associated with a stearoptene called thymol 
or oil of thyme, which is officinal. See Thymol. 
Psyche; Satureia capitata; thymion. T. calamin'- 
thus, Melissa calamintha. T. capita'tus, Satureia 
capitata. T. cilia'tus, T. mastichina. T. citriodo'- 
rus, lemon thyme. T. Cret'icus, Satureia crepitata. 
T. horten'sis, thymus. T. inclu'dens, T. serpyllum. 
T. mastichi'na, low, shrubby, Spanish plant, used as 
an errhine. T. multiflo'rus, Melissa nepeta. T. nepe- 
ta, Melissa nepeta. T., res'ervoir of the, see Thymus. 
T. serpyl'lum, Mother of thyme, Wild thyme; has the 
same properties as the garden thyme. Lemon thyme, 
Serpyllum citratum, is a variety of it. It is very pun- 
gent, and has a particularly grateful odor, approach- 
ing that of lemons. T. sylvat'icus, Clinopodium 
vulgare. T. sylves'tris, Satureia capitata. T. tenul- 
fo'lius, thymus. T. vulga'ris, thymus. 
Thyremphraxis, thir-em-frax'is (thyreo, enphraxis, 
obstruction). Bronchocele. 
Thyreo, thy'ra-o (thureos, a shield). Thyro. In 
composition, the thyroid cartilage or gland. 
Thyreo-adenitis, thy'ra-o-ad-en-e'tis. Thyreoitis. 
Thyreo-ary-epiglotticus, thir'a-o-ar-e-ep-e-glot'tik- 
us. United thyro-epiglottic and aryteno-epiglottic 
muscles. 
Thyreo-aryteno-epiglottideus, thir'a-o-ar-it-e'no- 
ep-e-glot-tid-a'us. Thyro-ary-epiglotticus. 
Thyreo-arytenoid, thy're-o-ar-it'en-oid. That which 
relates to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages. T. 
lig'aments, inferior ligaments of the larynx ; lips of 
the glottis ; vocal cords or ligaments. Two ligaments, 
about two lines broad, formed of elastic and parallel 
fibres, which are contained in a duplicature of the 
mucous membrane of the larynx. They extend 
horizontally from the anterior projection at the base 
of each arytenoid cartilage to the middle of the angle 
of union of the thyroid cartilage. They are the es- 
sential organs of voice. See Glottis. T. mus'cles, 
Thyreo-arytenoi'dei, are thin muscles which arise 
from the middle and inferior part of the posterior 
surface of the thyroid cartilage, whence they pro- 
ceed backward and outward, to be inserted into the 
outer part of the base of the arytenoid cartilage. 
They give the necessary tension to the ligaments of 
the glottis in the production of the voice. The name 
Thyreo-aryteno'ideus obliquus is applied to a portion of 
the aryteno'ideus muscle. 
Thyreocele, thir-e-o-se'le (Eng. thi're-o-seel) (thyreo, 
kele, a tumor). Tumor of the thyroid gland. Bron- 
chocele. 
Thyreocorniculatus, thir-a-o-kor-nik-u-lat' us. 
Upper portion of inferior thyreo-arytenoid muscle, 
running from upper anterior portion of thyroid car- 
tilage to arytenoid cartilage. 
Thyreocuneiformis, thir-a-o-ku-na-e-for'mis. Por- 
tion of inferior thyreo-arytenoid cartilage inserted on 
the cuneiform cartilages. 
Thyreo-epiglottic, thy're-o-ep-e-glot'tik. Relating 
to the thyroid cartilage and epiglottis. T. lig'ament, 
band running from anterior thyroid notch to base of 
epiglottis. T. muscle, portion of thyreo-arytenoid ex- 
tending to epiglottis. 
Thyreo-epiglotticus (thir'a-o-ep-e-glot'tik-us) lon'- 
gus. Muscular slip at times passing from lower horn 
of thyroid cartilage to epiglottis. THYREO-EPIGLOTTIDEUS 
Thyreo-epiglottideus (thir'a-o-ep-e-glot-tid-a'us) 
ma'jor. Thyro-epiglottic muscle. T. mi'nor or su- 
perior, muscular fibres at times seen arising from 
the thyroid cartilage, running along the thyreo-epi- 
glottic ligament, inserted into the epiglottis. 
Thyreoglossus lateralis, thir-a-o-glos'sus lat-er- 
al'is. Muscle at times arising from junction of 
thyreohyoid and hyoglossus. 
Thyreohyoid, thy-re-o-hy'oid. Thyreohyoideus, 
Thyrohyoid. Belonging or relating to the thyroid 
cartilage and os hyoides. T. mem'brane, very broad, 
yellowish, fibrous membrane, thicker at the middle 
than at the extremities, attached above to the pos- 
terior surface of the body and great cornu of the 
os hyoides, and below to the whole superior edge of 
the thyroid cartilage. The lateral ligaments may be 
considered as the margins of the thyrohyoid mem- 
brane. They pass between the superior cornu of the 
thyroid cartilage to the extremities of the greater 
cornua of the os hyoides. A small cartilaginous or 
bony nodule-cartilago triticea, corpusculum triticeum 
-is sometimes found in each. T. mid'dle lig'aments, 
thickened middle portion of T. membrane. T. mus'- 
cle is situate at the anterior and superior part of the 
neck, attached to the oblique line on the anterior sur- 
face of the thyroid cartilage, to the inferior edge of 
the body of the os hyoides, and to the anterior por- 
tion of its great cornu. T. nerve, branch of hypo- 
glossal to thyreohyoid muscle. 
Thyreohyoideus, thir-a-o-he-o-e'da-us. Thyreo- 
hyoid muscle. T. accesso'rius, muscular slip some- 
times found running from superior cornu of thyroid 
cartilage to greater cornu of hyoid bone. T. az'ygos, 
accessory muscle running from greater cornu of hyoid 
bone to upper edge of thyroid cartilage. T. mi'nor, 
T. azygos. T. supe'rior, T. azygos. T. supe'rior 
mi'nor, fasciculus of thyrohyoid muscle, rarely seen 
to run from upper edge of thyroid cartilage to pos- 
terior portion of greater cornu of hyoid bone. T. 
supe'rior mi'nor az'ygos, separate fasciculus of 
thyreohyoideus. T. su'perior mi'nor latera'lis, 
bundles of thyrohyoideus running from tip of supe- 
rior cornu of thyroid cartilage to end of greater 
cornu of hyoid bone. 
Thy'reoid. Thyroid. 
Thyreoi'deus. Thyroideal. 
Thyreoiditis, thir-a-o-id-e'tis. Thyreoitis. 
Thyreoitis, thir-a-o-e'tis {thyreo, itis). Inflamma- 
tion of the thyroid gland. 
Thyreomediastinalis, thir-a-o-med-e-as-tin-al'is. 
Muscular bundle running from external surface of 
pericardium to thyroid gland. 
Thyreomembranosus, thir-a-o-mem-bran-o'sus. 
Portion of thyreo-arytenoideus inserted within plica 
thyreo-arytenoidea inferior. 
Thyreoncus, thir-a-on'kus {thyreo, onkos, tumor). 
Tumor of the thyroid glands. Bronchocele. 
Thyreo-cesophageus, thir-a-o-e-sof-aj-a'us. Muscu- 
lar bundles running from oesophagus to thyroid carti- 
lage. 
Thyreopalatinus, thir-a-o-pal-at-e'nus. Part of 
palatopharyngeus inserted into thyroid gland. 
Thyreopharyngeus, thir-a-o-fah-rin-ja'us. Thyro- 
pharyngeus. 
Thyreopharyngopalatinus, thir-a-o-fah-rin-go-pal- 
at-e'nus. The chief muscular mass of the soft palate, 
consisting of a thyreopalatine and a pharyngopala- 
tine portion. 
Thyreophraxia, thir-a-o-frax'e-ah {thyreo, phrasso, 
to obstruct). Bronchocele. 
Thyreophyma, thir-a-o-fe'mah {thyreo, phuma, tu- 
mor). Enlargement of the thyroid gland. Broncho- 
cele. 
Thyreosyndesmicus, thir-a-o-sin-des'mik-us. Bun- 
dles of thyreohyoid muscle inserted on lateral thyreo- 
hyoid ligament. 
Thyreotomy, thi-re-ot'o-me. Thyrotomy. 
Thyr epiglot 'ticus. Thyreo-epiglottic. 
Thy'rioid. Thyroid. 
Thyrioidi'tis. Thyroiditis. 
Thy'ro. In composition, see Thyreo. 
1092 
THYROIDOTOMY 
Thyro-aryt'enoid. Thyreo-arytenoid. 
Thyrocele, thir-o-se'le (Eng. thy'ro-seel) {thyro, kele, 
tumor). Bronchocele. 
Thyrocricopharynge'us. See Cricopharyngeal. 
Thyrohy'al. Applied to great cornu of hyoid bone. 
Thyrohy'oid. Thyreohyoid. 
Thyroid, thy'roid {thura, a gate or folding-door, or 
thureos, a shield, eidos, form). Thyreoid, Thyrioid. 
Having the shape of a folding-door. T. ar'teries, thy- 
roideal arteries. T. ar'tery of Neubauer, see Thy- 
roideal arteries. T. ax'is, a short, thick trunk, arising 
from the first portion of the subclavian artery, divid- 
ing almost immediately into the inferior thyroid, 
suprascapular, and transversalis colli. T. bod'y, thy- 
roid gland. T. car'tilage, the largest of the carti- 
lages of the larynx, at the anterior part of which it 
is situate. It is larger transversely than vertically, 
broader above than below, and seems formed by the 
junction of the two quadrilateral plates, which pro- 
duce by their union an angle that projects forward. 
Its two posterior margins terminate above and on 
each side by an ensiform prolongation called the 
greater cornu of the thyroid cartilage, Cornu superius 
or longum; and below by a less prominent eminence, 
the lesser cornu, Cornu inferius or breve, which is artic- 
ulated with the cricoid. T. eminence, prominence 
produced by the thyroid in front of the neck. T. for- 
a'men, obturator foramen. T. gan'glion, middle cer- 
vical ganglion. T. gland or bod'y covers the anterior 
and inferior part of the larynx, as well as the first 
rings of the trachea, and is composed of two lobes, 
flattened from before to behind, which are united 
by a transverse prolongation of the same nature 
as themselves, called the isthmus. At times there 
arises from the upper border of the isthmus, or 
the lateral lobes in the neighborhood of the isth- 
mus, a third or middle lobe-pyramus, processus 
pyramidalis, columna media, appendix glandulse thy- 
This lobe is sometimes independent, and 
forms a number of roundish or longish lobes, when 
it has been called glandula thyreoidea accessoria. 
The weight of the thyroid gland has been estimated 
at 30 grammes; volume, 25 to 30 c. m.; the isthmus, 
18 broad and high, 9 thick; lateral lobes, 54-68 long; 
in the middle (breadth) 27-31, (thick) 14-18; the lob- 
ules, 0.5-1. 
Thyroideal, thy-roid'e-al. That which concerns 
the thyroid gland or cartilage. T. ar'teries, these 
are two on each side: 1. The superior thyroideal, 
superior laryngeal, superior guttural, arises from the 
anterior part of the external carotid and proceeds 
to the upper part of the thyroid gland, after having 
given off a laryngeal branch and a cricothyroid. 
2. The inferior thyroideal, inferior guttural, much 
larger than the last, arises from the upper part of 
the subclavian. It passes to the inferior part of the 
thyroid gland, to which it is distributed, after having 
given a number of branches to the neighboring parts, 
among which is the cervicalis ascendens. The infe- 
rior thyroideal artery is occasionally replaced by the 
thyroid artery of Neubauer or artery of Neubauer, 
which arises directly from the curvature of the aorta. 
T. veins, these are-1, a superior thyroideal and 
several middle thyroideal, which open into the in- 
ternal jugular vein; 2, an inferior thyroideal, much 
larger than the preceding, whose branches form, by 
anastomosing with those of the opposite side in front 
of the trachea, a very remarkable venous plexus, 
called the infrathyroideal plexus. 
Thyroidectomy, thy-roid-ek'to-me {thyroid, ektome, 
excision). Excision of the thyroid gland. 
Thyroideus, thir-o-e'da-us. Thyroid. T. pro'- 
prius, muscular bundle running from superior to 
inferior edge of thyroid cartilage. T. transver'sus, 
variety of cricothyroid muscle running between 
cricoid processes of thyroid cartilages. T. transver'- 
sus im'par, latter muscle found on inside only. 
Thyroiditis, thir-oid-e'tis {thyroid, itis). Inflam- 
mation of the thyroid gland. 
Thyroidotomy, thy-roid-ot'o-me {thyroid, tome, in- 
cision). Incision of the thyroid gland. THYROPALAT! NUS 
Thyropalatinus, thir-o-pal-at-e'nus. Portion of 
palatopharyngeus inserted into the thyroid gland. 
Thyropharyngeus, thir-o-fah-rin-ja'us. Thryreo- 
pharyngeus. Portion of the constrictor pharyngis 
inferior attached to the thyroid cartilage. See Crico- 
pharyngeal. 
Thyropharyngopalatinus (thir-o-fah-rin-go-pal-at- 
e'nus; or Thyropharyngostaphylinus, thir-o-fah-rin- 
go-staf-il-e' nus. Palatopharyngeus. 
Thyrophraxia, thir-o-fraks'e-ah (thyro, phrasso, to 
obstruct). Bronchocele. 
Thyrotomy, thy-rot'o-me (thyro, tome, section). Di- 
vision of the thyroid cartilage, as for the removal of 
foreign bodies in the larynx, etc. 
Thyrotrachealis (thir-o-trak-a-al'is) profun'dus. 
Abnormal insertion of portion of cricothyroid muscle 
on the trachea. T. superficia'lis, abnormal insertion 
of sternothyroid muscle on the trachea. 
Thyrotriticeus, thir-o-trit-is'a-us. Abnormal in- 
sertion of bundles of fibres of thyrohyoid on lesser 
cornu of hyoid bone. 
Thyrsus, thur'sus (thursos, stalk). Penis. 
Thysselinum, this-sel-e'num. Peucedauum palus- 
tre. T. palus'tre, Peucedanum palustre. 
Tiarel'la cordifo'lia. Coolwort. A tonic and diu- 
retic. 
Tibia, tib'e-ah (a flute or pipe). The largest bone 
of the leg; a long, irregular, and triangular bone 
situate on the inner side of the fibula. It has a 
superior or femoral extremity, large, rounded, and 
with two eminences at the sides called tuberosities 
of the tibia. The outermost is articulated with the 
fibula. On its head are two articular, oval, concave 
surfaces articulated with the condyles of the femur. 
The inferior or tarsal extremity has an articular sur- 
face beneath, which joins the astragalus; within, 
a triangular eminence which forms the malleolus 
internus; and on the outside a triangular surface 
which articulates with the fibula. The body or shaft 
of the tibia has three faces, separated by three angles, 
the anterior of which is the most prominent, and is 
called the spine or crista of the tibia-the shin. The 
tibia is articulated with the femur, fibula, and astrag- 
alus. T. minima, fibula. 
Tibiad, tib'e-ad. See Tibial aspect. 
Tibiseus, tib-e-e'us. Tibial. T. anti'cus, tibialis 
anticus. T. posti/cus, tibialis posticus. 
Tibial, tib'e-al. That which relates to the tibia or 
to the leg. T. aponeuro'sis, this surrounds the mus- 
cles of the leg, continuous above with the femoral 
aponeurosis, and arises from the head of the fibula 
and from several fibrous expansions which detach 
themselves from the tendons of the triceps, sartorius, 
gracilis, and semitendinosus. It descends around the 
leg, attaching itself to the whole extent of the ante- 
rior and inner edges of the tibia. It sends below an 
expansion, which passes before the tendo Achillis, 
and is continuous with the anterior annular ligament 
of the tarsus. It is attached, also, to the sheath of 
the peroneal muscles. T. ar'teries are two in num- 
ber: 1. Anterior tibial artery, which arises from the 
popliteal, before its bifurcation, passes immediately 
through the opening in the upper part of the inter- 
osseous ligament, and reaches the anterior part of the 
leg, when it turns downward and descends obliquely 
between the extensor communis digitorum pedis and 
the tibialis anticus, anterior to the interosseous liga- 
ment, glides under the anterior annular ligament of 
the tarsus, and takes the name Dorsalis tarsi. Among 
the numerous branches given off by the anterior 
tibial may be distinguished the recurrent tibial ar- 
tery, internal and external malleolar artery. 2. Pos- 
terior tibial artery, which arises from the bifurcation 
of the popliteal artery, and descends between the 
two planes of the posterior muscles of the leg until 
it arrives under the arch of the calcaneum, where it 
divides into two branches-the plantar arteries. T. 
as'pect, an aspect toward the side on which the tibia 
is situated. Tibiad is used adverbially to signify 
toward the tibial aspect. T. commu'nicating nerve, 
external saphenous nerve. T. nerves are two in 
1093 
TICKLING 
number: 1. The anterior tibial nerve. One of the two 
branches in which the external popliteal terminates. 
It accompanies the anterior tibial artery. 2. The 
posterior tibial nerve, which is also called the internal 
popliteal. T. veins, these are anterior and posterior, 
and have the same arrangement as the arteries which 
they accompany. 
Tibiale, tib-e-al'a. Bone having its analogue in a 
portion of the astragalus. 
Tibialis anticus, tib-e-al'is an-te'kus. A muscle 
situate at the anterior part of the leg. Above, it has 
the shape of a triangular prism; below, slender and 
tendinous. It is attached above to the anterior part 
of the external tuberosity of the tibia, to the supe- 
rior half of the outer surface of that bone, and to 
the anterior surface of the interosseous ligament. 
Below, its tendon terminates at the base of the first 
cuneiform bone and at the posterior extremity of 
the first metatarsal bone. It bends the foot on the 
leg and directs its point inward at the same time that 
it raises its inner edge. It can also bend the leg on 
the foot and prevent it from falling backward in 
standing. T. anti'cus accesso'rius, tibiofascialis. T. 
grac'ilis, plantar muscle. T. posti'cus, situate at the 
posterior and deep part of the leg, thicker above than 
below, and attached above to the posterior surface of 
the fibula, to the posterior surface of the tibia, and to 
the interosseous ligament. It terminates below at the 
tuberosity on the inferior extremity of the os scaph- 
oides. This muscle extends the foot on the leg, at 
the same time raising its inner edge. It likewise ex- 
tends the leg on the foot. It was called nauticus by 
Spigelius, because sailors bring it chiefly into action 
in climbing the mast. T. profun'dus, tibiofascialis. 
T. secun'dus, tensor of capsule of afikle. 
Tibiofascialis, tib-e-o-fas-se-al'is. Small muscle 
arising at times from lower third of anterior edge of 
tibia over tibialis anticus, inserted into annular liga- 
ment and deep fascia. Also called Tibiofascialis an- 
ticus. 
Tibiofemoral (tib-e-o-fem'o-ral) in'dex. Ratio be- 
tween lengths of tibia and femur. 
Tibiofibular (tib-e-o-fib'u-lar) articulations. Those 
between the tibia and fibula. T. lig'aments, those 
assisting in formation of tibiofibular articulations. 
Tibionavicular (tib-e-o-nav-ik'u-lar) lig'ament. 
Portion of deltoid ligament of ankle. 
Tibioplantaris, tib-e-o-plan-tah'ris. Accessory slip 
of tibialis anticus, running from latter muscle to 
plantar fascia, and through the latter acting upon the 
great toe. 
Tibiotarsal, tib-e-o-tar'sal. Relating to the tibia 
and tarsus. T. articula'tion, articulation of the foot 
with the leg; formed by the tibia and the astragalus, 
and strengthened by lateral, anterior, and posterior 
ligaments. 
Tic. Twitching, Vellication. A local and habitual 
convulsive motion of certain muscles, and especially 
of some of those of the face. It is sometimes called 
spasmodic or convulsive tic, tic non-douloureux, hy- 
percinesia of the facial nerve, histrionic or mimic 
spasm of the face, to distinguish it from Tic douloureux, 
which has also been called epileptiform neuralgia and 
neuralgic chorea, and has been termed a partial chorea 
or form of chronic chorea. See Neuralgia. T. con- 
vul'sif, a psychosis allied to hysteria, almost like a 
monomania, attended with involuntary muscular 
movements, explosive utterances, and curious mental 
disturbances. T. douloureux, painful tic; facial 
neuralgia; see Tic. T. non-douloureux, see Tic. T. 
rotatoire, a hypercinesis of the muscles supplied with 
nervous distribution from the external branch of the 
spinal nerve. The term spasmodic torticollis has been 
applied to one variety of it. T., spasmodic, neural- 
gia ; see Tic. 
Tick. Ixodes ricinus. T. wood, Ixodes ricinus. 
Tick'le weed. Veratrum viride. 
Tickling, tick'ling ([L.] titillo, to tickle). It some- 
times means the action of tickling (titillation), at 
others the sensation produced by this action (pruri- 
tus). A sensation which commonly causes laughter TICKSEED SUNFLOWER 
and a state of general spasm that may be dangerous 
if too long protracted. 
Tick'seed sun'flower. Coreopsis tricliosperma. 
Tick'weed. Hedeoma. T. sun'flower, Coreopsis 
trichosperma. 
Ticorea febrifuga, tik-o'ra-ah feb-rif'u-gah. A 
Brazilian plant, ord. Rutaceae, the bark of which is 
intensely bitter, astringent, and antiperiodic. T. 
jasminiflo'ra, a decoction of the leaves is said to be 
drunk by the Brazilians as a cure for frambcesia. 
Tictologia, tik-to-loj'e-ah (tikto, to bring forth, logos, 
doctrine). Doctrine of parturition. 
Ticunus, tik-u'nus. Curare. 
Ti'dal air. The air that passes in and out during 
each ordinary respiration. See Respiration. T. 
breath'ing or respira'tion, see Cheyne-Stokes. 
Tigala, tig'ah-lah. Saccharum. 
Tiglia (tig'le-ah) or Tiglii grana, tig'le-e gran'ah. 
See Croton tiglium. 
Tiglinic (tig-lin'ik) ac'id. Acid from oleum tiglii 
or croton oil. 
Tikimma, tik-im'mah. Cacoucia coccinea. 
Tilia, til'e-ah. The Lime, Lind, or Linden tree, ord. 
Tiliaceae. The flowers have been considered anodyne 
and antispasmodic. T. America'na, Linden, Linn, Bass- 
wood, Whitewood, Spoonwood. T. Canaden'sis, T. Amer- 
icana. T. gla'bra, T. Americana. 
Tillacher'ry cor'tex. Nerium antidysentericum. 
Tillandsia usneoides, til-land'se-ah us-na-o-e'dees. 
Spanish moss of Southern United States. Used as an 
astringent. 
Tilma, til'niah (tillo, to pluck). Linteum. 
Tilmus, til'mus (tilmos, pulling). Carphologia. 
Evulsion. 
Tily of the In'dians. Viburnum dentatum. 
Timac, ti'mac. East India root; said to possess 
diuretic properties. 
Tlm'bre (F.). The quality of sound by which one 
voice or one instrument can be distinguished from 
another when producing the same note. 
Timidus, tim'id-us. Rectus inferior oquli. 
Tin. A solid metal, of a characteristic odor when 
rubbed; insipid, whitish; s. g. 7.291; giving a pecu- 
liar tinkling sound when struck. It has been used in 
medicine as a mechanical anthelmintic in the form 
of pulvis stauni or granular tin. T., but'ter of, tin, 
muriate of. T., chlo'ride or chlo'ruret of, tin, mu- 
riate of. T., deutohydrochlo'rate of, tin, muriate 
of. T. foil is used for plugging carious teeth, etc. T. 
glass, bismuth. T., gran'ular, see Tin. T., mu'riate 
of, Fuming liquor of Libavius, Salt of tin, Butter, 
Deutohydrochlorate, or Superoxygenated muriate of tin, 
formed by action of muriatic acid on tin. Violent 
cathartic, in dose of gr. ij or iij. Also used for injec- 
tion in gonorrhoeal and purulent discharges from the 
vagina. T., mu'riate of, superox'ygenated, tin, mu- 
riate of. T. o'leate, see Oleate. T., salt of, tin, muri- 
ate of. T., sul'phuret of, see Aurum musivum. 
Tinagmus, tin-ag'mus (tinagmos, a shaking). Con- 
cussion. 
Tinasmus, tin-az'mus. Tenesmus. 
Tincal, tin'kal. Crude borax. 
Tinctu'ra (tingo, to dye). Tincture. Preparations 
made by the extraction of various principles or the 
solution of different medicinal substances by means 
of alcohol, ether, or spirit of ammonia, the process 
employed being that of maceration, digestion, or per- 
colation. The word is now applied only to solutions 
in alcohol, unless it is distinctly stated that ammonia 
or ether is employed, when the solution is called an 
ammoniated tincture or ethereal tincture. Full 
directions for the preparation of tinctures are given 
in the U. S. and other Pharmacopoeias. T. absln'thii 
compos'ita, Compound tincture of absinth or wormwood 
(absinth., artem. pontic., caryoph., aa §ss; sacch., 
3ij ; alcohol., Oss.; Ph. P.); tonic, stomachic, vermi- 
fuge, and carminative; dose, T. aca'ciae 
cat'echu, T. catechu. T. aceta'tis fer'ri cum alco- 
ho'le, see T. ferri acetatis. T. ac'idi sulphu'rici, 
sulphuricum acidum aromaticum. T. aconi'ti (Ph. 
U. S.), T. aconi'ti radi'cis, Tincture of aconite root 
1094 
TINCTURA 
(aconit., ; acid, .tartaric., gr. xlviij; alcohol., 
q. s. to make Oij); uses, same as the next; dose, gtt. 
j-iij. Externally employed in neuralgia, but with 
caution as to its after-effects. T. aconi'ti fo'lii or fo- 
lio'rum, Tincture of aconite (aconit. folior., alco- 
hol. dilut., Oij). It is rubbed on the part affected in 
neuralgia. Internally, it may be given in dose of gtt. 
x, but tinctura aconiti (tincture of the root) is always 
prescribed instead. T. sethe'rea camphora'ta (cam- 
phor., p. 1; aether, sulphuric., p. 2); stimulant in 
atonic diseases, arthritic cardialgia, and spasm; dose, 
hlx-xx in white wine. T. aethe'rea fer'ri, tinctura 
sulphurico-setherea ferri. T. alcohol'icae chi'nae 
compos'ita, T. cinchonse composita. T. alcohol'ica 
cor'ticum aurantio'rum Whyt'tii, tinctura cinchonae 
amara. T. alexipharm'ica Hux'hami, tinctura cin- 
chonae composita. T. al'oes (Ph. U. S.), T. aloes 
Socotrinae, Tincture of aloes (aloes Socot., ; ex- 
tract. glycyrrh., §iii|; alcohol, dilut., to make 
Oij); properties, those of aloes; dose, T. 
al'oes aethe'rea, T. aloes vitriolata, tincture of 
aloes (aloes Socot., myrrh., aa ,^iss; croci, §j ; sp. aethe- 
ris sulph., Oj); stimulant and cathartic; dose, f3j-ij. 
T. alo'es compos'ita, Tinctura aloes cum myrrhd, T. aloes 
et myrrhse (Ph. U. S.), T. aloes et myrrhse crocata, Elixir 
of long life, Compound tincture of aloes (aloes, myrrhae, 
aa ; alcohol., q. s. to make Oij); a modification 
of the elixir proprietatis of Paracelsus; purgative 
and stomachic; dose, f3j-ij. T. al'oes et myr'rhae, 
T. aloes composita. T. al'oes et myr'rhse croca'ta, 
T. aloes composita. T. al'oes vitriola'ta, T. aloes 
aetherea. T. ama'ra, T. gentianae composita. T. am- 
mo'nise compos'ita, spiritus ammoniae succinatus. 
T. amo'mi repen'tis, T. cardamomi. T. amo'mi zin- 
gib'eris, T. zingiberis. T. angustu'rae, Tincture of 
angustura (cort. cuspar., ; sp. vin. ten., Oij); dose, 
f3j-ij. T. antifebri'lis Warbur'gi, see Bebeeru. T. 
antiodontal'gica, Toothache tincture (tannin, 7)j ; mas- 
tich., gr. v; aether., 3ij); to be applied on cotton wool 
to the tooth previously dried. T. aristolochi'ae ser- 
penta'riae, T. serpentariae. T. ar'nicae flo'rum (Ph. 
U. S.), Tincture of arnica; T. of arnica flowers (aruic. 
flor., alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); dose, 
lfl,v-x. Applied, diluted with an equal proportion of 
water, by means of lint, as an excitant to bruises 
and in cases of neuralgia. Tinctura arnicee (Ph. Br.) 
is much weaker. T. ar'nicae radi'cis (Ph. U. S.), 
tincture of arnica root (arnica root, ; diluted al- 
cohol, q. s. to make Oij); dose, TTbxx-xxx. T. aro- 
mat'ica, T. cinnamomi composita. T. aromat'ica 
ammonia'ta, spiritus ammoniae aromaticus. T. asa- 
foe'tidae (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of asafetida (asafcetid., 
alcohol., q. s. to make Oij); dose, gtt. 
T. asafce'tidae ammonia'ta, spiritus ammoniae fcetidus. 
T. auran'tii ama'ri (Ph. U. Sj, Tincture of bitter 
orange-peel (aurant. cort. amar., 3vj; alcohol, dilut., 
q. s. to make Oij); stomachic; adjunct to stomachic 
draughts; dose, T. auran'tii dul'cis 
(Ph. U. S.), JTincture of sweet orange-peel (sweet 
orange-peel, alcohol, q. s. to make Oij); agree- 
able adjuvant in mixtures or prescriptions. T. au- 
ran'tii recen'tis, tincture of fresh orange-peel (bit- 
ter orange, rectified spirit, aa q. s.); dose, fgj. T. 
aur'ea, alcohol sulphurico-aethereus ferri. T. bella- 
don'nae (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of belladonna (belladonnte 
folior., §iv|; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); dose, 
trp-xx. Tinctura belladonnas (Ph. Br.) is half the 
strength. T. benzo'ini (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of ben- 
zoin (benzoin., alcohol., q. s. to make Oij). T. 
benzo'ini compos'ita (Ph. U. S.), T. benzoes composita, 
Compound tincture of benzoin, Friar's or Vervain's bal- 
sam, Wade's or Jesuits' drops, Commander's or Wound 
balsam, Balsam for cuts (benzoin., ; styrac., 
§iiss; balsam, tolut., §i|; aloes, gr. cclx; alcohol., 
q. s. to make Oij); stimulant, used chiefly to wounds 
and ulcers; stimulating expectorant. The basis of 
Turlington's balsam of life, Turlington's balsam, is the 
compound tincture of benzoin. The following form 
was recommended by a committee of the Philadel- 
phia College of Pharmacy : Alcohol., Oviij ; benzoin, 
,5xij; styrac. liquid., §iv; aloes Socotrin., 5 j ; bal- TINCTURA 
dose, T. cincho'n® ama'ra (cinch., p. viij ; 
gentian, rad., cort. aurant., aa p. iij ; alcohol, [s. g. 
.900], 96 p.); dose, one or two teaspoonfuls. T. 
cincho'n® ammonia'ta, or Volatile tinc- 
ture of bark (cinchon. lancifol. cort., ; sp. ammon. 
aromat., Oij); in dyspepsia combined with acidity 
and languor. T. cincho'n® compos'ita (Ph. U. S.), 
Compound tincture of cinchona or bark or Peruvian 
bark, Huxham's tincture of bark (cinchon.j-iibr., ; 
aurant. amar. cort., ; serpentari®, §ss; glycer- 
in., f^ii|; alcohol., aquae, aa q. s. to make Oij); 
more grateful than the simple tincture; dose, f3j 
to T. fla'v®, Tincture of yellow 
cinchona (cinchon. flav., ; spirit, tenuior., Oj ; Ph. 
B.); dose, TrLxxx-f3ij. T. cinnamo'mi (Ph. U. S.), 
Tincture of cinnamon (cinnam., ; alcohol., aquae, 
aa q. s. to make Oij); stomachic; dose, f3j-iij. T. 
cinnamo'mi compos'ita, Compound tincture of cinna- 
mon (cinnam., §j ; cardam., §ss; zingib., 3iij ; alcohol, 
dibit., Oij); use same as the last; dose, f3j-iij. T. 
coc'ci cac'ti (Ph. B.), T. cocci, Tincture of cochineal 
(cocci, §iiss; spirit, tenuior., Oj); chiefly a coloring 
ingredient; at times given in nervous affections; 
dose, gtt. xv-f,3j. T. de cochlea'riis (fol. cochlear., 
rad. armoraci®, alcohol.); antiscorbutic; dose, f3ij- 
T. col'chici (Ph. U. S.), T.c. seminis, Tincture of 
colchicum, T. of colchicum seed (colchic. sem., §ivf; al- 
cohol. dilut., q. s. to make Oij); dose, ten to thirty drops. 
T. col'chici compos'ita, spiritus colchici ammoniatus. 
T. col'chici sem'inis, T. colchici. T. colom'b®, T. 
calumbae. T. coni'i (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of hemlock, 
T. of conium (conii, ; acid, hydrochloric, dilut., 
f5j ; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); dose, 
A Tincture of hemlock fruit, Tinctura conii (hemlock 
fruit or seeds, proof spirit, Oj), is official in 
the British Pharmacopoeia; dose, gtt. xxx. T. coni'i 
macula'ti, T. conii. T. convol'vuli jalap'®, T. jalapii. 
T. cort'icis auran'tii, T. aurantii. T. cort'icis Pe- 
ruvia'ni compos'ita, T. cinchonae comp. T. cort'icis 
Peruvia'ni sim'plex, T. cinchon®. T. cort'icis Pe- 
ruvia'ni volat'ilis, T. cinchon® ammoniata. T. cro'ci 
(Ph. U. S.), T. croci sativi, Tincture of saffron (croci, 
§iij ; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); slightly sto- 
machic; dose, f3i-iij. T. de cro'co compos'ita, Com- 
pound. tincture of saffron, Elixir of Garus (aloes Socotr., 
myrrh., croci, cinnam., nuc. moschat., caryoph., alco- 
hol., aq. flor, aurant., syrup of capillaire); aromatic, 
cordial, stomachic. T. croto'nis, Tincture of croton 
(alcohol, bruised seeds of Croton tiglium, §j); 
cutaneous stimulant. T. croto'nis eleuthe'ri®, T. 
cascarill®. T. cube'h® (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of cubeb 
or cubebs (cubeb., ; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make 
Oij); dose, f5j-ij. T. cuspa'ri®, T. angustur®. T. 
digita'lis (Ph. U. S.), T. digitalis purpureas, Tincture 
of digitalis (digital., alcohol, dilut., q. s. to 
make Oij); therapeutic action same as that of the 
leaves; dose, gtt. x. T. er'got®, Tincture of ergot 
(ergot., sp. tenuior., Oj); dose, T. 
er'got® ®the'rea, Ethereal tincture of ergot (ergot., 
®ther., Oij) ; dose, T. febrif'uga doc- 
to'ris Hux'hami, T. cinchon® composita. T. fer'ri 
aceta'tis (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of acetate of iron, T. of 
ferric acetate (liquor, ferri acetat., alcohol., 
f3iij; ®ther. acetic., f^ij); dose, ; 
tonic and astringent. T. fer'ri ammonia'ta or am- 
moniaca'lis, Tincture of ammoniated iron (ferri am- 
mon., 3jiv; sp. ten., Oj); use same as that of the am- 
moniated iron; dose, f3ss-ij. T. fer'ri ammonio- 
chlo'ridi, Tincture of ammoniochloride of iron (ferri am- 
moniochlorid., alcohol, dilut., aqu® destillat., aa 
Oj); dose, gtt. x-xx. T. fer'ri chlo'ridi (Ph. U. S.), 
Tincture of chloride or muriate of iron, Tincture of ferric 
chloride, Tincture of steel (liq. ferri chloridi, fgviif; 
alcohol., f^xxv); s. g. .0980 ; tonic and styptic; dose, 
ITLx-xxx, well diluted to protect the teeth; it has 
been given also with advantage in erysipelas and 
scarlatina in the dose of every two or three 
hours. T. fer'ri muria'tis, T. ferri chloridi. T. 
fer'ri perchlo'ridi, Tincture of perchloride of iron 
(strong solution of perchloride of iron, rectified 
spirit, f,5 xv; Ph. Br.); dose, htx-xxx. Bestucheff's 
TINCTURA 
sam. Peruvian., ; myrrhae, ,5j ; rad. angelic., 
balsam, tolut., ext. glycyrrh., aa §iv. T. bryo'niae, 
tincture of bryonia (bryonia, alcohol, q. s. to 
make Oij); purgative; (lose, f-Jj-ij. T. buch'u, 
Tincture of buchu (buck., spirit, tenuior., Oj ; 
Ph. Br.); dose, fji-iv. See Diosma. T. buck'u, tinc- 
tura buchu. T. calend'ulae, tincture of calendula 
(calendulas, alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); 
used externally like tincture of arnica. T. calum'- 
hae (Ph. U. S.), T. columbie or Colombia, Tincture of ca- 
lumba, calomba, or columbo, Columbo bitters (columb., 
; alcohol., aquae, aa q. s. to make Oij); dose, 
TTLxxx-f3iv. T. cam'phorae, spiritus camphorae. 
T. cam'phorae compos'itae, T. opii camphorata (Ph. 
U. S.), T. camphoric cum opio, Compound tincture or 
camphorated tincture of opium, Compound tincture of 
camphor, Paregoric elixir (opii, acid, benzoic., aa gr. 
xxxv; ol. anisi, Ttbxxxvij ; glycerin, f,5v; camphor., 
gr. xxxv; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make (one 
fluidounce contains nearly gr. ij of opium); anodyne; 
dose, f3j-iij. T. can'nabis In'dicae (Ph. U. S.), 
Tincture of Indian hemp, Tinctura cannabis, Tincture 
of hemp (cannab. Indicae, alcohol., q. s. to 
make Oij); dose, ITLxxx. T. canthar'idis (Ph. U. S.), 
Tincture of cantharides, Tincture of blistering or Span- 
ish flies (cantharid., gr. de; alcohol., q. s. to make 
Oij); stimulant and diuretic; not often used inter- 
nally; dose, gtt. v-x. Externally, stimulant. T. 
cap'sici (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of capsicum or Cayenne 
pepper (capsic., gr. de; alcohol., aquae, aa q. s. to 
make Oij); stimulant; dose, TTLxxx-f3j. T. carda- 
mo'mi (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of cardamom (cardam., 
alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); use the 
same as the seeds; dose, fjj-iv. T. cardamo'mi 
compos'ita (Ph. U. S.), Compound tincture of carda- 
mom, Stomach tincture (cardamom., gr. cclxxx ; carui, 
gr. cxl; cinnam., gr. cclxxx; cocci., gr. Ixx; glycerin., 
alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); stomachic 
and carminative; dose, fjij-iv. T. carminati'va 
Syl'vii, Carminative elixir of Sylvius (rad. angelic., 4 p.; 
rad. imperator., galang., aa 6 p.; fol. rosmarin., ma- 
joran., rutae, basilic., aa48 p.; baccar. laur. nobil., 12 p.; 
sem. angelic., ligust. levist., anis., aa 16 p.; zingib., 
nuc. moschat., aa 6 p.; cinnam., 12 p.; caryoph., cort. 
limon., aa 4 p.; alcohol., 1500 p.); _a warm stomachic, 
carminative, etc.; dose, §ss. T. cascaril'- 
lae, Tincture of cascarilla (cascarill, cort., sp. 
ten., Oj ; Ph. Br.); dose, f3j-ij. T. casto'rei, Tinc- 
ture of castor (castor., alcohol., Oij); tonic and 
antispasmodic; dose, f.3ij- T. casto'rei com- 
pos'ita, T. castorei ammoniata, Compound tincture of 
castor (cast., ; asafoetid., §ss; alcohol, ammoniat., 
Oj); antispasmodic; dose, f,5j-iv; called also Elixir 
foetidum, Tinctura castorei foetida or foetida ammoniata. 
T. cat'echu, Tincture of catechu (catech., ; cin- 
nam., ; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); astrin- 
gent; dose, f3j-ij. T. cat'echu compos'ita (Ph. U. 
S. (catech., cinnamomi, gr. ccc; alcohol, 
dilut., q. s. to make Oij); astringent; dose, hLxxx- 
f<5ij- T. chiret'tae, T. chiratse (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of 
chiretta or chirata (chirett., ; alcohol, dilut., q. s. 
to make Oij); dose, f3j-ij as a tonic. T. chloro- 
for'mi compos'ita, Compound tincture of chloro- 
form (chloroform., ; spirit, rectificat., ; 
tinct. cardamom, comp., Ph. Br.); dose, 
f,3j. T. chlorofor'mi et morphi'nae (chloroform., 
aetheris., ; spirit, rectificat., f,5.j ; morph, 
hydrochlorat., gr. viij ; acid, hydrocyanic, dilut., 
f^ss; ol. menth. piperit., Tfljv; extract, glycyrrhiz. 
liquid., f^j; theriac., ; syrup., q. s.; Ph. Br.); 
dose, tfi,v-x; substitute for chlorodyne. T. cicu'tae, 
T. conii maculati. T. cimicif 'ugae (Ph. IT. S.) (cimicif- 
ugae, alcohol, q. s. to make Oij); dose, f,5j-iv. 
T. cincho'nae (Ph. IL S.), Tincture of cinchona or of 
bark (cinchon. flav., glycerin., f^iij; alcohol., 
aquae, aa q. s. to make Oij); dose, f.5j-iv. T. cin- 
cho'nae aethe'rea compos'ita, Chaussier's antiseptic 
elixir (cinchon. oflicin., ; cascarill., §ss; cinnam., 
3iij; croci, ,3ss; sacch. alb., Sxxxviij; vin. alb. 
Hispanic, or vin. Muscat., alcohol., aa Oj ; aether, 
sulphuric., f3iss); tonic, stimulant, and antiseptic; 
1095 TINCTURA 
tincture or Klaproth's tincture is an ethereal tincture of 
chloride of iron, composed of dry perchloride of iron, 
p. j ; Hoffmann's anodyne liquor, p. vij. T. fer'ri 
sesquichlo'ridi, T. ferri chloridi. T. fer'ulae asa- 
foet'idae, T. asafcetidae. T. flo'rum martia'lium, T. 
ferri ammoniata. T. fcet'ida, T. asafcetidae. T. fcet'- 
ida ammonia'ta, T. castorei composita. T. fulig'inis, 
see Fuligo. T. gal'bani, Tincture of galbanum (galb., 
; sp. tenuior., Oij); stimulant and antispasmodic; 
dose, fjj-iij. T. gal'lae (Ph. U. S.), T. gallarum, 
Tincture of galls or of nutgall (gallae, 5viss; glycerin., 
alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); astringent; 
dose, f,?j-iij. T. gelsem'ii (Ph. U. S.), tincture of 
gelsemium (gelsemii, §iv|; alcohol., q. s. to make 
Oij); dose, T. gentia'nae compos'ita (Ph. 
U. S.), Compound tincture of gentian, Spirit bitters (gen- 
tian., aurant. amar. cort., cardamom., 
; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oiv) ; tonic and 
stomachic; dose, fjj-iij. T. guai'aci (Ph. U. S.), 
Tincture of guaiacum, T. of guaiac (guaiac., 5 v|; alco- 
hol., q. s. to make Oij); stimulant and sudorific, espe- 
cially in rheumatic and arthritic cases. T. guai'aci 
ammonia'ta, T. guaiaci volatilis, T. guaiaci, Ammo- 
niated tincture of guaiacum, Volatile tincture of guai- 
acuin (guaiac, pulv., sp. ammon. arom., q. s. 
to make Oij); properties same as the last in rheu- 
matism and amenorrhoea, but more excitant; dose, 
fjj-ij. T. helleb'ori or helleb'ori ni'gra, Tinc- 
ture of black hellebore (helleb. nigr., ; alco- 
hol. dilut., Oij); dose, Hbxxx-f3j. T. herba'rum 
recent'ium, tincture of fresh herbs (fresh herbs, 
; alcohol, Oii|). T. hi'era, vinum aloes. 
T. hu'muli (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of hops (humuli, 
vii; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); tonic and sed- 
ative; dose, T. hydras'tis (Ph. U. S.), 
Tincture of hydrastis (hydrastis, diluted alcohol, 
q. s. to make Oij); dose, tri,xxx-f3j. T. hyoscy'ami 
(Ph. U. S.), Tincture of henbane, T. of hyoscyamus 
(hyoscyam., §iv|; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); 
narcotic, anodyne; dose, gtt T. igna'tise 
(Ph. U. S) (ignatiae, §viij ; alcohol., Oivss; aquae, 
Oss); same therapeutic action as nux vomica; 
dose, T. i'odi (Ph. U. S.), T. iodinii, 
T. iodini, Tincture of iodine (iodin., gr. cclv; alco- 
hol., Oss); it has been much used in goitre, etc.; 
dose, ten drops. Tinctura iodi (Ph. B.) is made 
of iodine, §ss; iodide of potassium, J;ss; recti- 
fied spirit, Oj (imp.); dose, to xx. An ethe- 
real and a chloroform tincture of iodine have been 
used to affect the system with iodine by inhalation. 
Under the name Tinctura iodimi decolorata a colorless 
alcoholic solution of iodine in alcohol has been used, 
the color having been destroyed by the ammonia. 
T. lo'dini compos'ita, T. iodinii composita, Compound 
tincture of iodine (iodin., (^ss; potassii iodid., ,5 j ; al- 
cohol., Oj); formerly officinal; dose, 10 to 30 drops. 
T. ipecacuan'hae et o'pii (Ph. U. S.)Jtinct. opii 
deodorat., extract, ipecac, fluid., ; alcohol, 
dilut., q. s. to make f^x); a means of giving Dover's 
powder in liquid form; dose, T. jaboran'di, 
Tincture of jaborandi (jaborandi, proof spirit, Oj ; 
Ph. Br.); dose, f.3j-ij. T. Jalap'ii, T. jalapse or 
convolvuli jalapse, Tincture of jalap of jalap ; al- 
cohol, 2 measures; water, 1 measure ; and Oij of tinc- 
ture passed by percolation); cathartic; dose, f.3j to 
The Ph. Br. has §iiss jalap to an imp. pint of 
proof spirit. T. jalap'ii compos'ita (jalap., tbss; 
scammon., 3 j ; alcohol. (22°), Ovj); dose, 60 to 100 
drops. T. japon'ica, tinctura catechu. T. ki'nae 
ki'nae aethe'rea compos'ita, tinctura cinchonae 
aetherea composita. T. kinki'nae ama'ra, tinctura 
cinchonae amara. T. ki'no (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of 
kino (kino, £vj ; glycerin., ; alcohol., aquae, aa q. s. 
to make Oss); astringent; dose, f(5j to T. 
krame'riae (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of krameria or 
rhatany (kramer., §vi|; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make 
Oij); dose, f,5j-ij- T. lactuca'rii, Tincture of lactuca- 
rium (lactucar., §iv; sp. tenuior., Oij imp.); dose, 
rrbxxx-f3j. T. lar'icis, Tincture of larch (larch bark, 
; rectified spirit, Oj ; Ph. Br.); dose, TTLxx-xxx. 
T. lau'ri cinnamo'mi, tinctura cinuamomi. T. la- 
1096 
TINCTURA 
vand'ulae compos'ita (Ph. U. S.) Compound tincture of 
lavender (ol. lavandul., : ol. rosmarin., ; cinna- 
mon, caryophyll., myristicae, san- 
tal. rubr., ,5j ; alcohol., Ovj ; aquae, Oij ; alcohol, dilut., 
q. s. to make Oviij); adjuvant and corrigent in pre- 
scriptions ; used in flatulence, gastric disturbance, etc.; 
dose, ITbxxx-f^j. The Ph. Br. makes this preparation 
as follows : Ol. lavand., fjiss ; ol. rosmarin., tr^x; cin- 
namon, gr. cl; myristicae, gr. cl; santal. rubr., gr. ccc; 
spirit, rectificat., Oij imp. T. limo'nis, Tincture of 
lemon-peel (limon. cort., §iiss; sp. tenuior., Oj imp.; 
Ph. Br.); dose, foj-ij. T. lobe'liae (Ph. U. S.), Tinc- 
ture of lobelia (lobel., 3vi|; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make 
Oij); dose; ; as an emetic, T. lobe'- 
liae aethe'rea, Ethereal tincture of lobelia (lobel., 
sp. aether, sulph., Oj imp.; Ph. Br.); dose, same as the 
last. T. lu'puli, tinctura humuli; T. lupulinae. T. lu- 
puli'nae, T.lupuli, Tincture alco- 
hol., Oij); dose, fjj~ij- T. lyt'tae, tinctura cantharidis. 
T. mar'tis Glauber!, see Ferrum tartarizatum. T. 
mar'tis Mynsich'ti, tinctura ferri ammoniata. T. 
mar'tis in spir'itu sa'lis, tinctura ferri chloridi. 
T. mar'tis tartariza'ta, see Ferrum tartarizatum. T. 
mar'tis vino'sa, vinum ferri. T. mati'co (Ph. U. S.), 
Tincture of matico (matico., ; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to 
make Oij); dose, f3j-ij. T. melampo'dii, tinctura 
hellebori nigri. T. mel'oes vesicato'rii, tinctura 
cantharidis. T. metallo'rum, lilium paracelsi. T. 
mimo'sae cat'echu, tinctura catechu. T. mos'chi (Ph. 
U. S.), Tincture or Essence of moschus or musk (mosch., 
gr. cccxl; alcohol., f.^iv; aquae, f^iiiss; alcohol, dilut., 
q. s. to make Oss); dose, T. myr'rhae (Ph. U. 
S. Tincture of myrrh (myrrhae, ; alcohol., q. s. to 
make Oij); tonic, antiseptic, and detergent, chiefly 
used in gargles,and applied to foul ulcers, spongy gums, 
etc. (myrrh., spirit, rectificat., Oj imp.; Ph. 
Br.). T. nervi'na Bestuchef'fii, tinctura (or alcohol) 
sulphurico-aetherea ferri. T. nervi'na halen'sis, 
tinctura (or alcohol) sulphurico-aetherea ferri. T. 
nervinoton'ica, alcohol sulphurico-aethereus ferri. T. 
nu'cis vom'icae, a formula for its preparation 
is given in the IT. S. Pharmacopoeia; the tinc- 
ture is of the strength of about 20 parts of nux 
vomica in every 100 parts. The formula of the Br. 
Pharmacopoeia is as follows: extract, nucis vomicae, 
gr. cxxxiij ; aquae destBlat., imp.; spirit, rec- 
tificat., q. s. to make f?xx; dose, gtt v to xx. T. 
o'lei men'thae piperi'tae, spiritus menthae piperite. 
T. o'lei men'thae vir'idis, spiritus menthae viridis. 
T. o'pii (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of opium, Laudanum, 
Liquid laudanum (opii, ,5j ; aquae, f^iv; alcohol., 
alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make f^x); eleven 
minims of the tincture nearly represent one grain of 
opium; properties, those of opium; dose, gtt. x-xv. 
The British Pharmacopoeia contains the following 
formula: opii, §iss; spirit, tenuior., Oj. T. o'pii 
aceta'ta, Acetated tincture of opium (opii, ; aceti 
destill., ; alcohol., Oss); twenty drops are equiv- 
alent to a grain of opium. T. o'pii ammonia'ta 
(Ph. U. S.), Ammoniated tincture of opium, Edinburgh 
paregoric elixir (acid, benz., croci, aa JJiij ; opii, gr. c; ol. 
anisi, ; liquor, ammonii fort., spirit, rectifi- 
cat., ; Ph. Br.); each fs; contains 5 grains of 
opium; used like the tinctura camphorae composita. T. 
o'pii camphora'ta (Ph. IT. S.), tinctura camphorae com- 
posita. T. o'pii deodora'ta (Ph. IT. S.), Deodorized tinc- 
ture of opium (opii, gr. ccccl; aether., alcohol., 
f,5ii|; aquae, q. s. to make f^x); its strength is that of 
tinctura opii. T. physostig'matis (Ph. U. S.), Tincture 
of physostigma (physostigma, §ii|; alcohol., q. s. to 
make Oij); dose, T. plumbo'sa, liquor 
plumbi subacetatis dilutus. T. podophyl'li, Tincture 
of podophyllum (resin, podophyll., gr. clx; spirit, 
rectificat., Oj imp. (Ph. Br.); dose, T. 
pyre'thri (Ph. IT. S.), Tincture of pyrethrum or pelli- 
tory (pyreth., alcohol., q. s. to make Oij). T. 
quas'siae, T. quassise excelsse, Tincture of quassia (quas- 
siae, '> alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); tonic; 
dose,* f3j-ij- T. quas'siae compos'ita, Compound 
tincture of quassia (cardam. sem., cocci, aa ; cin- 
nam., quassiae, aa 3vj ; uvar. passar., ; sp. tenuior.,' TINCTURA 
Oij imp.); dose, as a tonic, f5j-ij. T. qui'nae com- 
pos'ita, Compound tincture of quinia (quinae sulph., 5v, 
J)j; tinct. aurantii Oij imp.). Each f.5 contains a 
grain of the sulphate. T. qui'nae sulpha'tis, Tinc- 
ture of sulphate of quinia (sulphate of quinia, gr. vj ; al- 
cohol., f^j.-M.); dose, f'3j-iv in the day. T. qui'niae, 
Tincture of quinia (quin, sulph., gr. clx; tinct. au- 
rantii, Oj ; Ph. Br.); dose, T. quini'nae, tinc- 
ture of quinine (quin, hydrochlorat., gr. clx; tinct. 
aurantii cort., Oj imp.; Ph. Br.); dose, f3j-ij, equiv- 
alent to gr. j or ij of quinine sulphate. T. quini'nae 
ammonia'ta (quin, sulph., gr. clx; aquae ammoniae, 
imp.; spirit, tenuior., imp.; Ph. Br.); 
dose, fjj-ij, equivalent to gr. j or ij of quinine sul- 
phate. T. rhabar'bari, tinctura rhei. T. rhabar'- 
bari compos'ita, tincture rhei composita. T. rha- 
bar'bari vino'sa, vinum rhei palmati. T. rhe'i 
(Ph. U. S.), Tincture of rhubarb (rhei, cardam., 
gr. ccxc; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); stomachic 
or purgative, according to the dose employed ; fj3~ij 
as a stomachic, as a purgative. T. rhe'i 
et al'oes, Tincture of rhubarb and aloes (rhei, .5X; 
aloes, 3vj; cardam., alcohol, dilut., Oij); prop- 
erties same as T. rhei. T. rhe'i aromat'ica (Ph. U. S.), 
Aromatic tincture of rhubarb (rhei, cinnamom., 
caryophyll., §i|; myristicae, gr. cclxxiij ; al- 
cohol. dilut., q. s. to make Oij); dose, f.5,j- 
T. rhe'i compos'ita, Tincture of rhubarb (rhei. rad., 
oij > glycyrrhiz. rad., zingib. rad., croci stigmat., 
aa 3ij ; aquae, ; sp. ten., Oj); properties same as 
T. rhei. T. rhe'i dul'cis (Ph. U. S.), Street tincture of 
rhubarb (rhei, jjiiss; glycyrrhiz., §i|; anise, §i|; 
cardamom., gr. cxl; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make 
Oij); dose, f,3ij-iij. T. rhe'i et gentia'nae, Tinctura 
rhei amara, Tincture of rhubarb with gentian (rhei, ; 
gentian, alcohol, dilut., Oij); properties same 
as the last. T. rhe'i et sen'nae, Tincture of rhubarb and 
senna, Warner's gout cordial (rhei, ; sennae, 3ij ; cori- 
andr., foenicul., aa ,3j ; glycyrrhiz., 5ss; uvar. passar., 
ibss; alcohol, dilut., Oiij); dose, T. rhce'i, tinc- 
tura rhei. T. rhoe'i ama'ra, tincture rhei et gentia- 
nae. T. sabi'nae, Tincture of savin (savine, proof 
spirit, Oj imp.; Ph. Br.); dose, ttbxv-xxx. T. sa'cra, 
vinum aloes. T. sanguina'riae (Ph. U. S.), 
ture of sanguinaria or bloodroot (sanguinar., ; 
alcohol., aquae, aa q. s. to make Oij); dose, 30-60 drops 
as an expectorant. T. sapo'nis camphora'ta, lini- 
mentum saponis camphoratum. T. sapo'nis et o'pii, 
linimentum saponis et opii. T. sapc/nis vir'idis, 
Tincture of green soap (sapon. viridis, ol. lavan- 
dulee, f3iij ; alcohol., q. s. to make f ; used exter- 
nally in dermatological practice. T. scil'lae (Ph. U. 
S.), Tincture of squill, (scillae, alcohol, dilut., q. 
s. to make Oij); dose, 'ttbx_xx as an expectorant; 
larger doses may be emetic. T. sedati'va, tinctura 
opii. T. sen'egae, Tincture of senega (senegae rad., 
3iiss; spirit, tenuior., Oj imp.; Ph. B.); dose, ITbxxx- 
fjij. T.jsen'nae, T. sennse composita, Tincture of senna 
(sennae, §iiss; carui sem., coriandr., sp. ten., 
Oj imp.; Ph. B.); dose, f,3j-iv; stomachic, carmina- 
tive, and cathartic. T. sen'nae et jala'pae, Tincture 
of senna and jalap (sennae, ; jalap., ; coriandr., 
carui, aa cardam., ,3ij ; sacch., §iv; alcohol, 
dilut., Oiij); dose, T. serpenta'riae (Ph. 
U. S.), Tincture of serpentaria or snakeroot (serpent., 
; alcohol, dilut., q. s. to make Oij); tonic; dose, 
T. stomach'ica, tinctura cardamomi 
composita. T. stramo'nli (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of 
stramonium (stramon. sem., ,5 iij ; alcohol, dilut., q. s. 
to make Oij); dose, T. strych'niae, Tincture 
of strychnia (alcohol., s. g. .837, Oj ; strychniae, gr. iij); 
dose, properties those of strychnia. T. sul- 
phu'rico-aethe'rea fer'ri, Bestucheff's nervous tincture; 
ethereal solution of chloride of iron. Much used in 
gout, hypochondriasis, etc. T. sul'phuris volat'ilis, 
liquor fumans Boylii. T. sum'bul (Ph. U. S.), Tinc- 
ture of sumbul (sumbul. rad., §ii|: alcohol., q. s. to 
make Oij ; Ph. B.); dose, ITLx-xxx. T. theba'ica, tinc- 
tura opii, vinum opii. T. toluta'na (Ph. U. S.), T. to- 
lutani, T. tolu, T. toluiferse balsami, T. balsami tolu- 
tani, Tincture of Tolu or Balsam of Tolu (bals. tolutan., 
1097 
TINCTURE 
o ii.j ; alcohol, q. s. to make Oij); expectorant and 
corroborant; dose, rrLxxx_f3j or more. T. ton'ica 
nervi'na halen'sis, tinctura sulphurico-setherea ferri. 
T. valerian'se (Ph. U. S.), Tincture, of valerian 
(valerian, pulv., §vj ; alcohol., aquae, aaq. s. to make 
Oij); stimulant and antispasmodic; dose, TTLxxx-f'Sij. 
T. valerian'ae ammonia'ta (Ph. U. S), T. vale.rianse 
volatilis, Ammoniated or Volatile tincture of valerian 
(Valerianae, §vj ; sp. ammon. arom., q. s. to make 
Oij); properties like the former; dose, TTLxxx-fSij. 
T. vanil'lse (Ph. U. S.) (vanillse, ; sacchar., S;vj ; 
alcohol., aquae, aa q. s. to make Oij): used for fla- 
voring purposes. T. vera'tri, T. veratri albi, Tinc- 
ture of veratrum album, or white hellebore (rad. verat. 
alb., ; alcohol, dilut., Oiiss); emetic and cathar- 
tic, but not very manageable; dose, TTLii.j-v. T. vera'- 
tri vir'idis (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of veratrum viride or 
of green or American hellebore (veratr. virid., 5jxivss; 
alcohol., q. s. to make Oij) ; sedative. T. zingib'eris 
(Ph. U. S), Tincture of ginger (zingib., alcohol., 
q. s. to make Oij); stimulant and carminative; dose, 
ITLxxx-fJj. T. zingib'eris for'tior, Strong tincture 
of ginger, Essence of ginger (zingib., spirit, recti- 
ficat., Oj imp.; Ph. Br.); dose, 
Tinc'ture. Tinctura. T. of ab'sinth, com'pound, 
tinctura absinthii composita. T. of ac'onite, tinctura 
aconiti. T. of ac'onite root, tinctura aconiti radicis. 
T. of al'oes, tinctura aloes. T. of al'oes, com'pound, 
tinctura aloes composita. T. of al'oes, ethe'real, 
tinctura aloes setherea. T. of ammo'nia, com'pound, 
spiritus ammonise succinatus. T. of angustu'ra, 
tinctura angusturse. T. of ar'nica, tinctura arnicse. 
T. of asafet'ida, tinctura asafcetidae. T. of bal'sam 
of Tolu', tinctura toluiferae balsami. T. of bark, 
tinctura cinchonae. T. of bark, ammo'niated, tinctu- 
ra cinchonae ammoniata. T. of bark, com'pound, tinc- 
tura cinchonae composita. T. of bark, Hux'ham's, 
tinctura cinchonae composita. T. of bark, vol'atile, 
tinctura cinchonae ammoniata. T. of belladon'na, 
tinctura belladonnas. T. of ben'zoin, tinctura ben- 
zoini. T. of ben'zoin, com'pound, tinctura benzoini 
composita. T., Bes'tucheff's, see Tinctura ferri 
chloridi. T. of blis'tering flies, tinctura canthari- 
dis. T. of blood'root, tinctura sanguinariae. T. of 
bu'chu, tinctura buchu. T. of cam'phor, com'- 
pound, tinctura camphorae composita. T. of canthar'- 
ides, tinctura cantharidis. T. of cap'sicum, tinctura 
capsici. T. of car'damoms, tinctura cardamomi. T. 
of car'damoms, com'pound, tinctura cardamomi 
composita. T., car'diac, Ry'mer's, tinctura rhei et 
aloes. T. of cascaril'la, tinctura cascarillae. T. of 
cas'tor, tinctura castorei. T. of cas'tor, com'- 
pound, tinctura castorei composita. T. of cat'echu, 
tinctura catechu. T. of Cayenne' pep'per, tinctura 
capsici. T. of chiret'ta, tinctura chirettse. T. of 
cincho'na, tinctura cinchonae. T. of cincho'na, 
com'pound, tinctura cinchonae composita. T. of 
cin'namon, tinctura cinnamomi. T. of cin'namon, 
com'pound, tinctura cinnamomi composita. T. of 
coch'ineal, tinctura cocci cacti. T. of col'chicum, 
com'pound, spiritus colchici ammoniatus. T. of 
col'chicum seeds, tinctura colchici. T. of colum'bo, 
tinctura calumbae. T. of cro'ton, tinctura crotonis. 
T. of cu'bebs, tinctura cubebae. T. of digita'lis, 
tinctura digitalis. T. of er'got, tinctura ergotse. 
T. of er'got, ethe'real, tinctura ergotse aetherea. T. 
of gal'banum, tinctura galbani. T. of galls, tinctu- 
ra gallarum. T. of gen'tian, com'pound, tinctura 
gentianae composita. T. of gin'ger, tinctura zin- 
giberis. T. of guai'acum, tinctura guaiaci. T. of 
guai'acum, ammo'niated, tinctura guaiaci ammo- 
niata. T. of guai'acum, vol'atile, tinctura guaiaci 
ammoniata. T. of hel'lebore, Amer'ican, tinctura 
veratri viridis. T. of hel'lebore, black, tinctura hel- 
lebori. T. of hel'lebore, white, tinctura veratri. 
T. of hem'lock, tinctura conii. T. of hemp, tinctura 
cannabis Indicse. T. of hen'bane, tinctura hyoscy- 
ami. T. of hops, tinctura humuli. T. of In'dian 
hemp, tinctura cannabis Indicse. T. of i'odine, 
tinctura iodini. T. of i'odine, com'pound, tinctura 
iodini composita. T. of i'ron, ac'etate of, tinctura TINDER 
ferri acetatis. T. of i'ron, ammo'niated, tinctura 
ferri ammoniata. T. of i'ron, ammoniochlo'ride of, 
tinctura ferri ammoniochloridi. T. of iron, mu'- 
riated, tinctura ferri chloridi. T. of jal'ap, tinctura 
jalapii. T. of ki'no, tinctura kino. T., Klap'roth's, 
see Tinctura ferri chloridi. T. of lactuca'rium, 
tinctura lactucarii. T. of lem'on-peel, tinctura 
limonis. T. of lit'mus, see Lichen roccella. T. of 
lobe'lia, tinctura lobelise. T. of lobe'lia, ethe'real, 
tinctura lobeliee eetherea. T. of Lud'wig, see Ferrum 
tartarizatum. T. of lu'pulin, tinctura lupulinae. T. 
of mati'co, tinctura matico. T. of musk, tinctura 
moschi. T. of myrrh, tinctura myrrhae. T., ner'- 
vous, Bes'tucheffs, tinctura (or alcohol) sulphuri- 
co-aetherea ferri. T. of nut'gall, tinctura gallae. T. 
of nux vom'ica, tinctura nucis vomicae. T. of oil of 
pep'permint, tinctura olei menthae piperitse. T. of 
oil of spear'mint, tinctura olei menthae viridis. T. 
of o'pium, tinctura opii. T. of o'pium, ac'etated, 
tinctura opii acetata. T. of opium, ammo'niated, 
tinctura opii ammoniata. T. of o'pium, cam'- 
phorated, tinctura camphorae composita. T. of 
o'pium, deo'dorized, tinctura opii deodorata. T. of 
or'ange-peel, tinctura aurantii. T. of quas'sia, 
tinctura quassiae. T. of quas'sia, com'pound, tinctu- 
ra quassiae composita. T. of qui'na, T. quinae. T. 
of qui'na, sul'phate of, T. quinae sulphatis. T. of 
qui'nia, com'pound, tinctura quiniae composita. T. 
of qui'nia, sul'phate of, tinctura quiniae sulphatis. T. 
of rhat'any, tinctura krameriae. T. of rhu'barb, tinc- 
tura rhei. T. of rhu'barb and al'oes, tinctura rhei et 
aloes. T. of rhu'barb, com'pound, tinctura rhei com- 
posita. T. of rhu'barb and gen'tian, tinctura rhei et 
gentianae. T. of rhu'barb and sen'na, tinctura rhei et 
sennae. T. of saf'fron, tinctura croci sativi. T. of saf'- 
fron, com'pound, tinctura de croco composita. T. of 
sen'na, tinctura sennae. T. of sen'na and ja'lap, tinc- 
tura sennae et jalapae. T. of snake'root, tinctura ser- 
pentariae. T. of soap, cam'phorated, linimentum 
saponis. T. of Span'ish fly, tinctura cantharidis. 
T. of spear'mint, tinctura olei menthae viridis. T. 
of squill, tinctura seillae. T. of steel, tinctura ferri 
chloridi. T., stom'ach, tinctura cardamomi com- 
posita. T. of stramo'nium, tinctura stramonii. T. 
of strych'nia, tinctura strychniae. T., tooth'ache, 
tinctura antiodontalgica. T. of vale'rian, tinctura 
valerianae. T. of vale'rian, ammo'niated, tinctura 
valerianae ammoniata. T. of vale'rian, vol'atile, 
tinctura valerianae ammoniata. T., War'burg's, 
see Bebeeru. T. of worm'wood, com'pound, tinctura 
absinthii composita. 
Tin'der. Boletus igniarius. 
Tinea, tin'a-ah. A gnawing worm. Porrigo. T. 
asbesti'na, seborrhoea. T. amianta'cea or amienta'- 
cea, seborrhoea. T. bar'bse, barber's itch ; inflamma- 
tory condition of the hair-follicles of the face and 
neck, due to trichophyton tonsurans. T. cap'itis, por- 
rigo. T. cilia'ris, see Ophthalmia tarsi. T. circina'ta, 
see Herpes. T. circina'ta trop'ica, Burmese, Chinese, 
Indian, or Oriental ringworm; severe variety of T. 
circinata. T. decal'vans, porrigo decalvans; alopecia 
areata. T. of the eye'lids, see Ophthalmia tarsi. T. 
facie'i, porrigo larvalis. T. favo'sa, porrigo favosa; 
favus. T. fico'sa, porrigo scutulata. T. furfura'cea, 
porrigo furfurans; pityriasis; seborrhoea. T. granu- 
la'ta, porrigo scutulata; porrigo lupinosa. T. lac'tea, 
porrigo larvalis. T. lupi'na or lupino'sa, porrigo 
lupinosa. T. muco'sa, porrigo lupinosa. T. porrigi- 
no'sa, porrigo furfurans. T. tar'si, see Ophthalmia 
tarsi and Blepharitis. T. ton'dens, porrigo decalvans. 
T. tonsu'rans, porrigo decalvans. T. trichophyti'na, 
ringworm. Contagious eruption, of circular form, 
parasitic, being due to a fungus called the trichophy- 
ton. Known under its forms as T. barbee, T. circina- 
tus, T. tonsurans, etc. T. un'guis, a condition of the 
nail in which it appears to be eroded. T. ve'ra, 
porrigo favosa. T. versic'olor, brown eruption on 
the skin, chiefly of the trunk, variously called, as 
pityriasis versicolor, chloasma, etc.; due to a fungus. 
Tinese, tin'a-e (pl. of Tinea). Worms. 
Tinesmus, tin-es'mus. Tenesmus. 
1098 
TISSUE-MAKING 
Tingling, ting'gling {tinnio, to tinkle). A sharp, 
purring, or thrilling sensation, not always painful. 
Tinker's weed. Triosteum. 
Tink'ling, metal'lic. Sound heard in cases of 
pneumothorax where communication with a large 
air-tube exists; resembles the striking of a distant 
small bell. 
Tinna, tin'nah. See Chloasma. 
Tinnimentum metallicum, tin-ne-men'tum met-al'- 
lik-um (finnio, to tinkle). Metallic tinkling. See Tin- 
tement. 
Tinnitus aurium (tinnio, to tinkle). Ringing of 
the ears; an imaginary sound, like the ringing of a 
bell, the noise of wind, the murmur of water, etc., 
heard in health and in sickness. It is often an ac- 
companiment of cerebral disorder. 
Tinospora cordifolia, tin-os'po-rah cor-de-fo'le-ah. 
Climbing shrub of India; tonic, antiperiodic, and 
diuretic. 
Tintement metallique (F.), tant'mong ma-tal-leek'. 
metallic respiration, metallic voice, metallic tinkling. 
A particular noise heard by the stethoscope when ap- 
plied to the chest, and which, according to Laennec, 
resembles that caused by striking glass, metal, or por- 
celain with a pin, but is, perhaps, more like the sound 
of a musical snuff-box. It is heard on causing the 
patient to speak or breathe, but is more distinct when 
he coughs ; a pathognomonic symptom of a communi- 
cation between the bronchia and cavity of the chest; 
in other words, pneumothorax. 
Tintinnabulum, tin-tin-nab'u-lum (tintinno, to 
ring). A bell; uvula. 
Tip'foot. See Kyllosis. 
Tipsaria, tip-sah're-ah. Decoctum hordei. 
Tirefond (F.), teer'fon (tirer, to draw, fond, bottom). 
A surgical instrument formerly used to elevate the 
piece of bone sawed off by the trephine or to extract 
foreign bodies located elsewhere. 
Tires. Milk-sickness. 
Tisane (F.), tis-an' (ptisane, pearl barley, or ptisso, 
to decorticate). Ptisana or Ptissana, Ptisan. An aque- 
ous medicine, containing but little if any medicinal 
agent; particularly the decoction of barley. 
Tisic, tiz'ik. Phthisis. 
Tisical, tiz'ik-al. Phthisic. 
Tissick, tiz'ik. See Phthisic. 
Tissue, tish'yu. The various parts which, by their 
union, form the organs, and are, as it were, their ana- 
tomical elements. Histological anatomy is the anat- 
omy of the tissues. T., accidental or adventitious, 
consists of every substance-foreign to the primitive 
organization of the economy, but yet organized and 
living-which may be developed in the interior or at 
the surface of organs. They have been divided into: 
1. Those resembling others in the animal economy or 
analogous accidental tissues. 2. Those having nothing 
analogous in the body, and which are always the result 
of a morbid process-the heterologous or heteroclite 
accidental tissues. T., ad'ipose, tissue composed of fat- 
cells: a form of connective tissue. T., animal, ani- 
mal tissue. T., are'olar, cellular tissue. T., car- 
tilaginous, see Cartilage. T., cel'lular, cellular tissue. 
T., conjunctive, cellular tissue. T., connective, 
cellular tissue. T., crib'riform, cellular tissue. T., 
fi'bro-cel'lular or fi/brous, see Fibrous. T., filamen'- 
tous, cellular tissue. T., het'erocllte, see Homology 
and Tissue, accidental. T., heterol'ogous, see Homol- 
ogy and Tissue, accidental. T., heteromor'phous, see 
Homology. T., inod'ular, accidental fibrous tissue 
developed in suppurating wounds, which is the prin- 
cipal agent in cicatrization. It is well seen in the 
cicatrix left after burns. T., laminated, cellular 
tissue. T., ligamentous, desmoid tissue. T., mu'- 
cous, cellular tissue. T., phanerog'enous, see Phane- 
rogenous. T., phaneroph'orous, see Phanerogenous. 
T., po'rous, cellular tissue. T., retic'ulated, cellular 
tissue. T., scle'rous, used collectively for the carti- 
laginous, osseous, and fibrous tissues. T., tu'bular or 
vas'cular, tissue arranged in form of tubes. 
Tis'sue-formation. Histogeny. 
Tis'sue-ma'king. Histogenetic. TIT 
Tit (tithe). Nipple. 
Tithene, tith-a'na (tithe, a nurse). Nurse. 
Tithymalus cyparissias, tith-im'al-us sip-ar-is'se- 
as (tithumalos). Euphorbia cyparissias. T. lath'yris, 
Euphorbia lathyris. T. latifo'lius, Euphorbia lathy- 
ris. T. palus'tris, Euphorbia palustris. T. paral7- 
ias, Euphorbia paralias. 
Titillamentum, tit-il-lam-en'tum. Gargarism. 
Titillation, tit-il-la'shun (titillo, to tickle). Tick- 
ling. 
Titthe, tit-tha (titthe, the nipple). Mamma; nipple. 
Titthion, tit'tbe-on (titthion, dim. of titthos). Nip- 
ple. 
Titthis, tit'this (titthis). Mamma; nipple. 
Titthos, tit'thos (titthos). Mamma; nipple. 
Titty, tit'te. Mamma; nipple. 
Titubantia, tit-u-ban'she-ah. A staggering. 
Titubation, tit-u-ba'shun (titubo, to stagger or totter). 
Fidgets; vacillation. Peculiar gait associated with 
lesion of the cerebellum, more staggering than that 
of locomotor ataxia, from which it is readily diagnos- 
ticated. T. lin'guse, stuttering; stammering. 
Tjettek. Upas tieute. 
Tmetica, tmet'ik-ah (temno, to cut). Medicines 
supposed to have the property of cutting thickened 
humors. 
Toad'flax. Antirhinum linaria. T., bas'tard, 
Comandra umbellata. 
To-and-fro sound. Friction sound, as in pleuritis, 
pericarditis, and peritonitis. 
Toast'water. Made by pouring a quart of water 
over a half-slice of bread, allowing the mixture to 
stand for two hours, and decanting the fluid. A com- 
mon drink in febrile affections. 
Tobacco, to-bak'ko (tabacos, the Caribbean name 
for the pipe in which it was smoked). Nicotiana 
tabacum. T. amauro'sis, a form of amaurosis, with 
atrophy of the optic nerve, met with in those addicted 
to the excessive use of tobacco. T. bush, Hedyos- 
mum nutans. T., Eng'lish, Nicotiana rustica. T. 
heart, disturbed innervation of that organ from ex- 
cessive use of tobacco, giving rise to palpitation and 
sometimes producing hypertrophy. T., In'dian, Lo- 
belia inflata. T. poi'son, Hyoscyamus niger. T. root, 
see Valeriana. T., wild, Lobelia inflata; Nicotiana 
rustica. 
Tocarexia, to-car-eks'e-ah (tokos, birth, arexis, help). 
Obstetrics. 
Tocetus, to'ka-tus (toketos, birth). Parturition. 
Tocodomycodoritis maligna vaginalis, to-ko-do- 
mik-o-do-re'tis mal-ig'nah vaj-in-al'is (tocus, mukos, 
mucus, dora, skin, itis). Colpocace puerperarum. 
Tocology, to-kol'o-je (tocus, logos, discourse). Ob- 
stetrics ; a treatise on obstetrics. 
Tocus, to'kus (tokos, birth). Parturition. 
Toddalia aculeata, tod-dal'e-ah ak-u-la-at'ah. Na- 
tive shrub of Asia. Root-bark used in India as rem- 
edy for remittent fever and as a tonic and stimulant. 
Tod'dy. A name given by the English to liquors 
procured in India by wounding the spath® of certain 
palms. The best is obtained from the Cocos nucifera. 
Called also neva, and by boiling yields a coarse kind 
of sugar called jaggery. Toddy is also the common 
name for a mixture of spirit and water sweetened, 
and usually spiced with nutmeg. T. tree, mamei. 
Toe. Digitus pedis. T. clo'nus, arhythmical con- 
tractions of the big toe from sudden passive extension 
of the first phalanx, in increased tension of the foot, 
flexion being produced by contraction of the ab- 
ductor and flexor brevis pollicis muscles. T., ham'- 
mer, see Hammer. T., Mor'ton's pain'ful, see Morton. 
T., supernumerary, see Monster. 
Tofus, to'fus. Tophus. 
Toil'et of the peritone'um. Cleansing and read- 
justment of internal parts after abdominal section. 
Tokas, to'kas (tokas). Puerpera. 
Tok'elan ring'worm. Tinea imbricata. 
To'ken, plague. See Plague. 
Tokodynamometer, to-ko-di-nam-om'e-tur (tokos, 
birth, dunamis, power, metron, measure). An instru- 
ment for measuring the force of uterine contractions. 
1099 
TONGUE 
Tokology, to-kol'o-je (tokos, birth, logos, discourse). 
Obstetrics. 
Tola, to'lah. Tonsil. 
Tolene, to-leen'. Colorless volatile oil obtained by 
distillation of balsam of Tolu. 
Tolerance, tol'er-ance (tolero, to bear). The power 
of bearing or resisting. The power of bearing large 
doses of certain potent remedies. The individual is 
said to be tolerant. See Contro stimulus. 
Toles (to'laze), Tolium (to'le-um), Tolles (tol'laze), 
or Tolium, tol'lum. Tonsil. 
Tolu, to-lu' (from Tolu in South America). See 
Toluifera balsamum. 
Toluene, tol-u-een'. Oily, colorless liquid obtained 
from coal-tar and in the dry distillation of certain 
organic substances. It is also called toluol, methyl- 
benzene, and phenyl-methane. 
Toluifera balsamum, to-lu-if'er-ah bal'sam-um 
(Tolu, fero, to bear). Ord. Leguminosae. The tree 
which affords the tolu, balsam of Tolu, balsamum 
Tolutanum (Ph. U. S.), Red balsam of Peru. It has a 
very fragrant odor and warm, sweetish taste; is thick 
and of a reddish-yellow color. It is a stimulant and 
expectorant, and is used in coughs as a vehicle and 
as a dressing in surgery. 
Toluol, tol'u-ol. Toluene. 
Tolutanum, tol-u-tan'um. See Toluifera balsamum. 
Tol'ysal. Paratolydimethyl-pyrazolone salicylate. 
Antirheumatic, antineuralgic, and antithermic. 
Tom toe. Pollex. See Digitus pedis. 
Tomacinum (to-mas'in-um), Tomaclum (to'mak- 
lum), or Tomaculum, to-mak'u-lum (tome, cutting up). 
A kind of sausage made of mixed meat and spices. 
Tomata, to-mah'tah (Indian). Solanum lycoper- 
sicum. 
Tomato, to-mah'to. Solanum lycopersicum. 
Tome (tome, incision). A common suffix, as in 
lithotome. Cut, incision, etc. 
Tomeion, to-my'on (tome). Knife. 
Tomentum cerebri, to-men'tum cer'eb-re (tomentum, 
a flock of wool). The plexus of small vessels which 
pass between the pia mater and convolutions of the 
brain. 
Tomes's fl'brils. Processes from odontoblasts oc- 
cupying the dentinal tubules. 
Tomeus, to'me-us (tomeus). Knife. 
Tomis, to'mis (tomis). Surgeon's forceps; scissors. 
Tomomania, to-mo-man'e-ah (tome, incision, mania). 
The intense desire to operate exhibited by some sur- 
geons. 
Tomotocia, to-mo-to'se-ah (tome, section, tokos, par- 
turition). Caesarean section. 
To'my. Suffix denoting incision, cut, or operation, 
as lithotomy. 
Tone (tonoo, to brace or give vigor). State of ten- 
sion or firmness proper to each organic tissue. It is 
the effect of tonicity. See E lasticity. Also character 
of sound. 
Tonga, ton'gah. See Datura sanguinea. 
Tongine, ton'jeen. Volatile alkaloid contained in 
tonga. 
Tongue. A muscular, symmetrical, and very mobile 
organ situate in the mouth from the os hyoides and 
epiglottis to the incisor teeth. Its particular use is 
to procure the sensation of savors, and it aids in the 
acts of sucking, mastication, deglutition, pronuncia- 
tion, and exspuition. The upper surface, called the 
dorsum, is free, flat, and divided into two portions 
by a median furrow, linea mediana, at the posterior 
extremity of which is the foramen caecum or fora- 
men of Morgagni. The inferior surface is free, and 
covered by the mucous membrane on its anterior 
third and sides; but behind and in the middle it is 
attached to the lower jaw by means of the genio- 
glossus, and to the hyoides by the hyoglossus. Its 
tip, or point, or dental extremity is rounded and 
free; the root, base, or hyoid extremity, radix lin- 
guae, is continuous with the epiglottis and velum 
palati. The tongue is composed of muscles, and cov- 
ered by a mucous membrane which forms the fraenum 
of the tongue. On this membrane are seen the dif- TONGUE-DEPRESSOR 
ferent papillae. The nerves of the organ proceed 
from the inferior maxillary, glossopharyngeal, and 
hypoglossal. The arteries are the lingual, from the 
external carotid, and the palatine and tonsillar, from 
the labial. The veins are the superficial lingual, 
ranine lingual, and submental. They open into 
those of the pharynx and larynx. Its lymphatic 
vessels pass into numerous ganglia situate at the 
edge of the hyoglossi muscles. Two glands be- 
neath the tongue, immediately behind the fraenum, 
have received the name glands of Blaudin, after 
that anatomist; see Sublingual gland. T., black, a 
fever which prevailed in the Western States in the 
winter of 1842-43; probably typhoid fever. Accord- 
ing to some, an epidemic erysipelas. T., her'nia of 
the, glossocele. T., inflammation of the, glossitis. 
T., red, fe'ver, see Typhus. 
Tongue-depres'sor. An instrument, consisting of 
a spatula attached to a handle, for depressing the 
tongue in examinations of the mouth. 
Tongue-tie. See Ankyloglossia. 
Tonic, ton'ik (tonikos). Relating to tone. In ther- 
apeutics, a medicine which has the power of exciting 
slowly and by insensible degrees the organic actions 
of the different systems of the animal economy, and 
of augmenting their strength in a durable manner. 
Bitter vegetable substances which are not associated 
with an acrid or narcotic principle, preparations of 
iron, etc., act as tonics. T. pow'er, irritability. T. 
spasm, a rigid contraction of muscles without relax- 
ation ; persistent and equable contraction of muscles, 
as in trismus, tetanus, etc. See Tetanws and Spasm. 
Tonicity, to-nis'it-e. The faculty that determines 
the general tone of the solids. Excessive tonicity 
causes erethism or crispness ; deficient tonicity, atony 
or weakness. Irritability. 
Ton'ka bean. Dipterix odorata. 
Tonodes, to-no'dees. Tensive. 
Tonometer, to-nom'e-tur (tonos, tension, metron, 
measure). Instrument for measuring the degree of 
resistance to pressure, as in estimating the tension of 
the eyeballs, pressure exerted by organs, etc. Also 
an instrument for measuring rapidity of vibrations of 
sounding bodies. 
Tonometry, to-nom'e-tre (same etymon). Measure- 
ment of tension, as of the eyeball. See Tonometer. 
Tonopsychago'gia (tonos, tone, agagos, leading). 
Act of giving proper tone or vigor to the mind. 
Tonoticus, to-not'ik-us (tonos, tension). Tonic. 
Ton'quin bean. Tonka bean; T. musk ; Chinese 
or Thibet musk. 
Ton'sil. Almonds of the ear, Almonds or Bulbs of the 
throat. An ovoid collection of follicles about half an 
inch in length, similar in shape to an almond, and 
situate on each side between the pillars of the velum 
palati. The inner surface, projecting into the isthmus 
of the throat, is covered by the mucous membrane, in 
which are the orifices of a dozen crypts, whence a 
transparent viscid mucus oozes on pressure. This 
mucus is destined to facilitate deglutition by lubri- 
cating the isthmus faucium, and is forced out during 
the passage of the alimentary bolus. T. of cere- 
bellum, see Amygdala. T., pharynge'al, mass of 
lymphoid tissue across the back part of the cavity of 
the pharynx, between the two Eustachian tubes. 
Tonsllla, ton-sil'lah. Tonsil. 
Tonsillse pestilentes, tou-sil'le pes-til-en'tees. Cy- 
nanche maligna. 
Tonsillar, ton'sil-lar. Appertaining or relating to 
the tonsils. T. ar'tery, branch of facial artery to the 
tonsil. 
Tonsillarum gangrsena, ton-sil-lah'rum gan-gre'- 
nah. Cynanche maligna. 
Tonsillia, ton-sil'le-ah. Cynanche tonsillaris. 
Tonsillitic, ton-sil-lit'ik (better tonsillar). Belong- 
ing or relating to the tonsils, as the tonsillitic branches 
of the glossopharyngeal nerve. Tonsillitic refers 
rather to tonsillitis, or inflammation of the tonsil. 
Tonsilli'tis. Cynanche tonsillaris. 
Tonsillotome, ton'sil-o-tome (tonsilla, tome, incision). 
Instrument for ablation of the tonsils. Amygdalotome. 
1100 
TOOTHACHE 
Tonsorius culter, ton-so're-us kul'ter (tonsor, a bar- 
ber, culter, a knife). Razor. 
Tonus, to'nus. Tone. Tonic spasm; tonicity. T. 
tris'mus, trismus. 
Toot. Coriaria ruscifolia. 
Tooth. The teeth are small hard bodies fixed in 
the alveoli of each jaw, and serving to seize, cut, tear, 
and triturate alimentary substances. True teeth are 
found only in man, the mammalia, reptiles, and fish. 
The teeth have, in general, the shape of an irregular 
cone, the base of which is toward the interior of the 
mouth, and the apex, single or divided, toward the 
bottom of the alveoli. Each tooth has a part situate 
out of the alveolus and covered by a vitriform sub- 
stance. This part is called the crown or corona; it is 
bounded by a narrower portion called the cervix, which 
separates it from the portion in the alveolus-the fang 
or root, odontorrhiza. In the adult the teeth are 32 in 
number, 16 to each jaw; these consist of 4 incisors, 2 
canines, 4 bicuspids, and 6 molars. (See these various 
terms; also Dentition.) The teeth enclose a vascular 
and nervous pulp in a central cavity (cavitas pulpae, 
cavum dentis, antrum dentale). They are formed of a 
very hard, compact tissue, and the corona is covered 
by a vitreous substance called enamel (substantia 
vitrea or adamantina). The enamel organ-organon 
adamantinum-is a peculiar structure formed in the 
development of the teeth by the growth and multipli- 
cation of epithelial cells dipping down into the mucous 
tissue. With a papilliform process developed in the 
same tissue the rudiment of the tooth is formed. The 
ivory of the tooth, dentine or dentin (ebur, substantia 
eburnea, substantia ossea of Malpighi, proper tooth- 
substance, bone of the tooth, osseous substance of tooth, 
tooth-bone), consists of tubular fibres-dentinal fibres 
-which contain organic deposits of calcareous salts 
and of intertubular substance, in which are observed 
corpuscles or osseous cells of the tooth, called cal- 
cigerous cells, which also contain earthy salts. At 
the part where the enamel terminates, at the cervix 
of the tooth, the crusta petrosa or fibrosa (cortex os- 
seus, csementum, cementum, or cortical substance) 
commences in an extremely thin stratum in a thin 
layer of true bone, slightly modified in structure; 
passes down and gradually increases in thickness 
toward the extremity of the root, where it is gener- 
ally the thickest. The name substantia ostoidea has 
been applied to it, as also materia tartarea. It has 
been found, however, that the hard substance depos- 
ited on the inner surface of the dentine at the age of 
twenty years or later, and which encroaches on the 
cavity, has a distinct structure from the cement, and 
resembles in part dentine and in part bone. It is 
the horny substance of Blumenbach, osteodentine of 
Owen, and secondary dentine of Tomes. In the com- 
pound teeth of herbivorous animals a deposition is 
found on the surface of the enamel, called cementum. 
The dental glands of Serres are small white bodies seen, 
anterior to the eruption of the teeth, studding the mu- 
cous membrane. They are caused by the prominences 
of the outer epithelial layer of the enamel organ. T. 
bone, see Tooth. T., denu'ding pro'cess of, gradual 
removal of the enamel without evidence of disease; 
most common in old persons. T. edge, great sensibility 
of the teeth, especially to acid or acerb substances. 
T. germ, ingrowth of epithelium and connective tis- 
sue that later forms the complete tooth. T. paste, 
dentifrice. T. pulp, vascular tissue around which 
dentine is formed in development of tooth. T. rake, 
instrument for scaling the teeth. T. rash, strophulus. 
T. sac, connective-tissue covering of tooth-germ and 
enamel-organ during development of tooth. T. shell, 
dog-like, see Dentalium. T. wort, Anthemis pyre- 
thrum ; Plumbago Europsea. T. wounds, wounds 
inflicted by the teeth of animals, and which do not 
owe their gravity to any poison conveyed into the 
tissues. They are punctured, penetrating, or lace- 
rated, and often serious in result. 
Tooth'ache. Odontalgia. T. bush, Xanthoxylum 
fraxineum. T. tree, Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum 
clava Herculis. TOP/ESTHESIA 
Topsesthesia, top-ees-the'ze-ah (topos, place, ais thesis, 
sensation). Tactile sense of localization. 
Topha'ceous. Eelating or belonging to tophus. 
T. concretion, tophus. 
Tophi, to'fe. See Tophus. 
Tophus, to'fus (tophos, a loose species of stone; 
a porous or friable stone). Tophaceous concretion. A 
collection of hard, calcareous matter, which forms 
particularly at the surface of joints affected with gout, 
Arthrotophus (see Calculi, arthritic), and occasionally in 
the interior of organs, around the teeth, etc. It like- 
wise means gravel and chalaza. 
Tophyperidrosis, top-hip-er-id-ro'sis (topos, a place, 
huper, above, hidros, sweat). Local hypersecretion 
of sweat. 
Topic (topos, a place). Local; a local application. 
See Local. 
Topical, top'ik-al. Local; applied to a particular 
part. 
Topicus, top'ik-us (topikos). Local; topic. 
Topinard's (to'pin-ar's) angle. Facial angle. T.'s 
pro'flle line, line drawn from point between super- 
ciliary ridges to most prominent point of the lower 
part of the face. 
Topinaria, to-pin-a're-ah. Talpa. 
Topographical (topos, a place or region, grapho, to 
describe). Description of a particular locality. T. 
anat'omy, see Anatomy. 
Toponarcosis, to-po-nar-ko'sis (topos, place, narkosis, 
benumbing). Local anaesthesia. 
Toponeurosis, to-po-nu-ro'sis (topos, place, neuron, 
nerve, osis, state of being). Local neurosis. 
Toponymy, to-pon'im-e (topos, place, onoma, name). 
Description of place or direction. 
Torcular, tor'ku-lar (torqueo, to twist). Tourni- 
quet. A press for wine, oil, or cider. T. Herophlli, 
Press of Herophilus, Fourth sinus, Confluence of the 
sinuses. A smooth and polished cavity, of irregular 
shape, in which several sinuses of the dura mater 
meet; situate before the internal occipital protu- 
berance at the union of the three great duplicatures 
of the dura mater. It has six openings into it: one 
above, that of the superior longitudinal sinus; two 
below, answering to the occipital sinuses; one an- 
terior, belonging to the straight sinus; and two 
lateral and very broad, which lead into the lateral 
sinus, and convey from the cavity the blood that has 
been poured into it by the others. 
Torculum, tor'ku-lum (torqueo, to twist). Tour- 
niquet. 
Tordyl'ium ofiicina'le. Tqrdylum. Seeds and 
roots of this Southern European plant are considered 
carminative and diuretic. They enter into the com- 
position of the theriaca. 
Torenia Asiatica, to-ra'ne-ah as-e-at'ik-ah (after 
Olaf Toren of Gothenburg, a pupil of Linnseus). 
Small Malabar plant, the juice of whose leaves, 
sweetened with sugar, is said to cure gonorrhoea. 
Tor'ic. Periscopic. 
Tormentil, tor'men-til. Geranium maculatum; 
tormentilla. 
Tormentilia, tor-men-til'lah (tormina, for which it 
was used). Common tormentil, Upright septfoil. Ord. 
Eosacese. The root, Tormentilia, has a slightly aromatic 
odor and styptic taste ; it is astringent. T. erec'ta or 
offlcinaTis or sylves'tris or tubero'sa, the various 
species of tormentil employed in medicine. 
Tormentum, tor-men'tum (torqueo, to twist). Pain, 
suffering ; ileus ; intussusception. 
Tormina, tor'min-ah (pl. of Tormen, gripes) (tor- 
queo, to twist). Acute colicky pains. Dysentery. 
T. Cel'si, dysentery. T. parturien'tium, pains, labor. 
T. post-par'tum, see Pains, labor. 
Terminal, tor'min-al. Eelating to tormina. 
Tornac'ulum (torqueo, to twist). Tourniquet. 
Tornwaldt's disease. Hypersecretion from gland 
of Luschka at vault of pharynx. 
Torosity, to-ros'it-e (torosus, brawny). Muscular 
strength. 
Torosus, to-ro'sus. Muscular. 
Torpedo, tor-pe'do (torpeo, to be torpid). Narcosis. 
1101 
TOUCH 
Torpefactio universalis, tor-pe-fak'she-o u-ne-ver- 
sal'is (torpeo, to be torpid, facio, to make). Torpidity 
of the whole body. 
Tor'pid (torpeo, to be sluggish). Numb. Incapable 
of exertion and of feeling. Dull; stupid; inactive. 
Torpidltas. Torpidity; torpor. 
Torpidity, tor-pid'it-e. Torpor. 
Torpidus, tor'pid-us. Narcotized; torpid. 
Tor'por. Torpidity. State of a part which be- 
comes numb and almost incapable of motion. Tor- 
por, torpidity, torpidness, torpitude, are also applied 
to a debilitated, sluggish condition of a part or of 
the whole of the body; narcosis. See Hibernation. 
T. of the coTon, see Colon. T. intestino'rum, con- 
stipation. T. soporif Tens, lethargic torpor. 
Torrefication, tor-re-fik-a'shun (torreo, to parch). 
Application of a high degree of heat, but not suffi- 
cient to produce carbonization. 
Torsion, tor'shun (torqueo, tortum, to twist). The 
act of twisting. Torsion of the extremities of bleed- 
ing vessels is sometimes used to arrest hemorrhage. 
Also rotation of the eyeball upon the line of sight as 
an axis. 
Torticolls. Torticollis. 
Torticollis, tor-te-col'lis (torqueo, tortum, to twist, 
collum, neck). Stiffneck, Wryneck. A variety of 
rheumatism, seated in the muscles of the neck, 
which prevents the motion of the head and causes 
the patient to hold it inclined to the side affected. 
It is commonly of short duration, usually disappear- 
ing in a few days. Also permanent contraction of 
the muscles of the neck, T. spastica, which causes the 
head to be held to one side. The remedy is the 
division of the contracted muscles. ■ 
Tortosa (tor-to'sa) lic'orice. Variety of Spanish 
licorice. 
Tortu'ra o'ris (torqueo, to twist). Canine laugh; 
neuralgia faciei. T. o'ris paralytica Linnsel, paral- 
ysis, Bell's. 
Tor'ula cerevis'ise (torus, a knot). T. aceti, Yeast 
plant. One of the simplest forms of vegetation, 
capable, under favorable circumstances, of vegetating 
rapidly, and assisting in producing the fermentation 
of saccharine substances. This plant has been found 
in vomited fluids and in fseces. See Parasites. 
Toruloid, tor'u-loid. Resembling yeast. 
Tor'ulus glan'dis (dim. of Torus, a fleshy part). 
Crown of the glans penis. 
To'rus (a fleshy part). Muscle; a bulging. T. 
frontalis, prominence of forehead over the frontal 
sinuses. T. ma'nus, metacarpus. T. occipitalis, 
prominence at times present on upper portion of the 
occipital bone. T. palati'nus, prominence at times 
seen on hard palate at junction of intermaxillary 
and palatomaxillary sutures. T. spiralis, stria acus- 
tica. T. u'teri, thick fold at point of reflection of 
uterine and vaginal peritoneum. 
Tota bona, to'tah bo'nah (all good). Chenopodium 
bonus Henricus. 
Totsu kaso, tot'su kah'so. Sphseria Sinensis. 
Totty, tot'te. Vertiginous. 
To'tum carno'sum (all fleshy). Pancreas. 
Touch. Taction, Palpation. One of the five senses, 
which makes known to us the palpable qualities of 
bodies. It is seated particularly in the hands, and 
differs from tact in being active. See Esaphe and 
Palpation. Also examination by means of the sense 
of feeling. To touch the mouth with mercury is to 
produce the constitutional effects of that agent, as 
evinced by the falling away of the gums, etc. T., 
abdominal, touch applied to the abdomen to deter- 
mine the existence of pregnancy. T. bodies, cor- 
puscula tactus. T. cor'puscles, corpuscula tactus. 
T., rec'tal, examination by the introduction of the 
finger into the rectum. T., roy'al, it was at one time 
believed in England that the royal touch would re- 
move scrofula or king's evil (as it was thence called). 
Edward the Confessor was the first English king who 
touched for the evil. Medals of gold or silver were 
often suspended around the necks of the persons 
touched. These were called touching or healing pieces. TOUCHING PIECE 
T., vagi'nal, examination by the finger or fingers in- 
troduced into the vagina. T., ves'ical, examination 
of the bladder by a finger introduced into the ure- 
thra. T. wood, Boletus igniarius. 
Touching piece. See Touch, royal. 
Touch-me-not. Impatiens fulva. See Noli-me- 
tangere. 
Touch'wood. Boletus igniarius. 
Toulema, tu-la'mah. Canna starch. 
Touloucounin, tu-lu-ku'nin. See Carapa toulou- 
couna. 
Tour de maitre (master turn). Term adopted from 
the French to indicate the wide sweep made by the 
end of a sound or catheter in introducing it into the 
urethra or uterine canal. 
Tourniquet, toor'ne-ket or tur'ne-ket ([F.J tourner, 
to turn). A surgical instrument for stopping the 
course of blood in a limb by exerting a strong com- 
pression upon the principal artery. It was invented 
by a French surgeon, Morel, in the middle of the 
17th century, and was modified subsequently. It is 
used to suspend, for a time, the circulation in a limb 
during great operations, to arrest arterial hemorrhage 
in cases of wounds, to compress certain aneurismal 
and other tumors, etc. Handkerchiefs and bandages 
have been extemporized for use in such cases when 
the tourniquet was not available. T., Es'march's, 
see Esmarch. 
Tous-les-mois (every month) (F.). Canna (Ph. U. 
S.), Canna starch. A fecula obtained from the rhizome 
of Canna edulis. It resembles potato starch, and 
may be substituted for arrow root. It is procured 
from St. Kitts. 
Tow. Used in surgical dressings. 
Town cach.ex/ia. The general cachectic condition 
of pallor and anaemia met with in densely-populated 
towns. 
Toxaemia, toks-e'me-ah. Toxicohaemia. 
Toxaemic, toks-e'mik. Toxicohsemic, Toxicsemic, 
Hsematoxic, Hsematotoxic, Hsemotoxic. Relating or 
appertaining to a poisoned state of the blood. 
Toxalbu'mins. Bacterial proteids. 
Toxanaemia, toks-an-e'me-ah. Anaemia produced 
by toxicohaemia. 
Toxhaemia, toks-he'me-ah. Toxicohaemia. 
Toxic, toks'ik. Poisonous. 
Toxicaemia, toks-ik-e'me-ah. 'Toxicohaemia. 
Toxical, toks'ik-al. Poisonous. 
Toxicaria Macassariensis, toks-ik-ah're-ah mak- 
as-sar-e-en'sis. See Upas. 
Toxicoden'dric acid. Volatile acid in fresh leaves 
of Rhus toxicodendron and other species of Rhus. 
Toxicoden'dron (toxicum, dendron, tree). Rhus tox- 
icodendron. 
Toxicoderma, toks-ik-o-dur'mah (toxicum, derma, 
skin). Toxicodermatitis. 
Toxicodermatitis, toks-ik-o-dur-mat-e'tis (toxicum, 
derma, skin, itis, inflammation). Inflammation of the 
skin due to action of poisons. 
Toxicohae'mia (toxicum, haima, blood). Toxicxmia, 
Toxaemia, Toxhaemia. Poisoning of the blood. 
Toxicoid, toks'e-koid (toxicum, eidos, resemblance). 
Resembling poison. 
Toxicological, toks-ik-o-loj'ik-al. Relating to tox- 
icology. 
Toxicologist, toks-ik-ol'o-jist. A specialist in tox- 
icology. 
Toxicology, toks-ik-ol'o-je (toxicum, logos, descrip- 
tion). A treatise on poison. 
Toxicoses, toks-ik-o'zees (toxicon, arrow, orginally 
arrow-poison). A family of diseases caused by the 
introduction of poisons into the system. 
Toxicum, toks'ik-um (toxon, arrow). Poison; ven- 
om. 
Toxiferous, toks-if'er-us (toxon, arrow (poison), 
fero, to bear). Carrying poison. 
Toxihaemia, toks-e-he'me-ah. Toxicohaemia. 
Toxin, toks'in. Poisonous basic substance obtained 
from culture of tetanus bacillus. See Tetanus. 
Toxines, toks'eens. Poisonous putrefactive alka- 
loids. See Ptomaines. 
1102 
TRACHELAGRA 
Toxiphobia, toks-e-fo'be-ah. Morbid fear of being 
poisoned. 
Toxiresin, tox-e-rez'in. Cardiac poison produced 
by action of acids upon digitoxin. 
Toxomu'cin. Substance extracted from tubercle 
bacilli by Weyl, by means of a solution of caustic 
soda, producing, when injected in mice and guinea- 
pigs, cutaneous necrosis, but not yet established as a 
separate identity. 
Toyn'bee's exper'iment. Rarefaction of the air 
of the middle ear produced by the act of swallowing 
with closed mouth and nares. 
Trabeculae, trab-ek'u-le (dim. of Trabs, a beam). 
Prolongations of fibrous membranes which form 
septa, as in the corpora cavernosa and the testes; 
medullary fibres which form the commissures; fleshy 
projections which form the column® carne®, etc. T. 
car'ne®, column® carneae. T. cer'ebri, corpus callo- 
sum. T. cor'dis, columnae carneae. T. cor'porum. 
cavernoso'rum, see Cavernous bodies. T. sple'nis, 
see Spleen. T. Willis'ii, chordae Willisii. 
Trabeculated, tra-bek'u-la-ted. Having trabeculae. 
Tra'bes cor'dis (pl. of Trabs, a beam). Columnae 
carneae. 
Trabs (a beam). Penis. T. cer'ebri, corpus cal- 
losum. T. medulla'ris, corpus callosum. 
Trace, prim'itive. Groove, primitive. 
Trachea, trak-a'ah; commonly, however, pro- 
nounced trak'e-ah (trachus, rough, arteria, artery, un- 
derstood). Windpipe. A cylindrical, fibrocartilagi- 
nous, and membranous tube, flattened behind, and sit- 
uate on the median line before the vertebral column, 
from the inferior part of the larynx as far as the third 
dorsal vertebra. There it divides into two branches-■ 
the bronchi®-which separate, one to go to each lung. 
The trachea, the function of which is to convey air 
to the lungs during respiration, is composed-1, of 
cartilaginous rings (annuli cartilaginei, segmenta 
cartilaginea, orbes cartilaginosi), incomplete behind, 
situate one above the other, and kept in situ by a 
fibrous membrane; 2, of a mucous membrane, which 
lines it internally and contains numerous mucous 
follicles; 3, of transverse muscular fibres, not well 
marked, which occupy its posterior surface; 4, of 
vessels which proceed from the superior and inferior 
thyroideal; 5, of nerves given off by the pneumogas- 
tric and cervical ganglia. The breathing-tubes of 
insects are termed tracheae. T. arte'ria, trachea. 
Trache'®. See Trachea. 
Tracheaectasy, trak-e-ah-ek'tas-e (trachea, ektasis, a 
stretching). Dilatation of the trachea. 
Tracheal, trak-e'al (commonly pron. trak'e-al). 
Appertaining to the trachea; applied to respiration as 
heard through the stethoscope, opposite the trachea, 
larynx, and root of the bronchia, the air appearing 
as if sucked in from the cylinder during inspiration 
and expelled duriiig expiration. T. ar'teries, branches 
of inferior thyroid artery supplying the trachea. T. 
glands, mucous follicles on the posterior surface of 
the trachea. T. nerves, branches of recurrent laryn- 
geal nerves to the trachea. T. plex'us, continuation 
of the thyroid plexus of veins lying in front of the 
trachea. T. tug'ging, downward displacement of 
larynx produced by pressure of aneurism of trans- 
verse portion of arch of aorta, occurring with each 
systole. 
Trachealia, trak-e-al'e-ah (trachea). Cynanche 
trachealis. 
Trachealis, trak-e-al'is. The fibres of unstriped 
muscle passing from one portion of each of the 
tracheal cartilages to the other at the posterior part 
of the trachea. When they contract they approx- 
imate the extremities of the cartilage, diminish the 
calibre of the trachea, and thus increase the velocity 
of the air forced through it, as in coughing, and 
facilitate the removal of any irritating substances in 
contact with the lining membrane. 
Tracheitis, trak-e-e'tis (trachea, itis). Cynanche 
trachealis. 
Trachelagra, trak-a'lag-rah (trachelos, neck, agra, 
seizure). Torticollis.: also gout in the neck. TRACHELIAN 
Trachelian, trak-e'le-an {trachelos, neck). Cervical. 
Trachelias'mus. Trachelismus. 
Trachelismus, trak-el-iz'mus {trachelus). Spas- 
modic action of the muscles of the neck, causing 
compression of the veins of the neck and an impeded 
return of blood from the head. 
Trachelitis, trak-el-e'tis. Cynanche trachealis. 
Trachelium Americanum, tra-ke'le-um am-er-e- 
kan'um (irac/iehts, having been used in throat affec- 
tions). Lobelia cardinalis. 
Tracheloclavicularis imus, trak-a-lo-klav-ik-u- 
lah'ris e'mus. Muscular slips at times found in man, 
running from the clavicle to the occipital bone ; un- 
developed in lower animals. 
Trachelocostoscapularis, trak-a-lo-kos-to-skap-u- 
lah'ris. Serratus magnus and levator anguli scapulae. 
Trachelocyllosis, trak-a-lo-sil-lo'sis {trachelus, kul- 
losis, laming). Deformity of the neck. 
Trachelocyrtosis, trak-a-lo-sur-to'sis {trachelus, kur- 
tosis, arching). Deformity of the neck. 
Trachelodiaphragmatic, trak-a-lo-di-a-frag-mat'ik. 
The fourth pair of cervical nerves, whence the phrenic 
nerve chiefly arises. 
Trachelodynia, trak-a-lo-din'e-ah {trachelus, odune, 
pain). Pain in the neck. 
Trachelomas'toid. Com plexus minor. 
Trachelomyitis, trak-a-lo-me-e'tis. Inflammation 
of muscles of neck. 
Trachelo-occipitalis, trak-a'lo-ok-sip-it-al'is. Com- 
plexus. 
Tracheloplasty, trak-a'lo-plas-te {trachelus, plasso, 
to shape). Operation for restoration of lacerated cer- 
vix uteri. 
Trachelorrhaphy, trak - el - or' rhaf - e {trachelus, 
rhaphe, seam). Operation for closure of laceration 
of cervix uteri by paring the edges and suturing. 
The procedure is generally known as Emmet's ope- 
ration. 
Trachelotomy, trak-el-ot'o-me {trachelus, temno, to 
cut). Amputation of cervix uteri. 
Trachelus, trak-a'lus {trachelos). Neck; trachea. 
Tracheo-aerocele, trak'a-o-a-er-o-se'le (Eng. trak'e- 
o-a-air'o-seel). Air-containing tumor within the 
trachea; hernia of the trachea. 
Tracheobronchitis, trak-a-o-bron-ke'tis. Inflamma- 
tion of the trachea and bronchia. 
Tracheocele, trak-a-o-se'le (Eng. trak'e-o-seel) 
{trachea, kele, a tumor). Bronchocele. 
Tracheo-cesophageus, trak-a'o-e-sof-aj-a'us. Mus- 
cular fibres from oesophagus to trachea. 
Tracheopharyngeus, trak-a-o-fah-rin-ja'us. Fibres 
of inferior constrictor of pharynx inserted in trachea. 
Tracheophony, trak-e-of'o-ne {trachea,phone, voice). 
Laryngophony. 
Tracheophthisis, trak-a-o-te'sis. See Phthisis lar- 
yngea. 
Tracheophyma, trak-a-o-fe'ma {trachea, phuma, a 
swelling). Bronchocele. 
Tracheopyra, trak-a-op'ir-ah {trachea, pur, fever). 
Cynanche trachealis. 
Tracheorrhagia, trak-a-or-rhaj'e-ah {trachea, rheg- 
numi, to break forth). Hemorrhage from the trachea. 
Tracheoschisis, trak-a-os'kis-is {trachea, schiso, 
to split). Fissure of the trachea. 
Tracheoscopy, trak-e-os'ko-pe {trachea, skopeo, to 
view). Inspection of the trachea by a mirror similar 
to that for examination of the larynx. 
Tracheostenosis, trak-e-o-sten-o'sis {trachea, stenosis, 
contraction). Contraction or narrowness of the 
trachea. 
Tracheotome, trak'e-o-tome {trachea, tome, incision). 
An instrument of the trocar kind for opening the 
trachea. 
Tracheotomy, trak-e-ot'o-me. Incision of the 
trachea. See Bronchotomy. 
Trachielcosis, trak-e-el-ko'sis {trachea, helkosis, ul- 
ceration). Ulceration of the trachea. 
Trachielcus, trak-e-el'kus {trachea, helkos, an ulcer). 
Ulcer of the trachea. 
Trachitis, trak-e'tis {trachea, itis). Inflammation of 
the trachea; cynanche trachealis. 
1103 
TRAGOPOGON 
Trachoma, trak-o'mah (fracTitts, rough). Granular 
conjunctiva, Granular eyelid, Chronic granular con- 
junctivitis. A roughness of the inner surface of the 
eyelids; a variety of ophthalmia of which three 
kinds have been designated: T. sabulosum, from sand, 
etc. getting between the eyelids; T. carunculosum, 
from fleshy excrescences; and T. herpeticum, from 
hard pustules on the inner surface of the eyelids. 
The disease is due to a specific micro-organism. T. 
glands, see Bruch. 
Trachyphonia, trak-e-fo'ne-ah (traclius, rough, 
phone, voice). Roughness of the voice. 
Traco'ma. See Trachoma. 
Tract (traho, tractum, to draw out). A track or 
course; a region. T., op'tic, see Optic nerves. T., 
res'piratory, see Respiratory tract. 
Tractatio manuaria, trak-tah'sbe-o man-u-ah're-ah 
(tracto, tractatum, to handle). Preparation, adminis- 
tration, and dispensing of medicines. Surgery. 
Trac'tion. Act of drawing. 
Tractor, trak'tor (traho, tractum, to draw). Lever. 
Tractoration, trak-to-ra'shun (traho, tractum, to 
attract or influence). Perkinism. See Tractors, 
metallic. 
Tracto'res (tracto, tractatum, to handle). See 
Shampooing. 
Trac'tors, metallic. Metallic agents introduced 
by Dr. Elisha Perkins of Connecticut, to cure dis- 
eases. The affected parts being rubbed with these 
tractors, any good effects were doubtless owing to the 
influence exerted by the mind over the body. See 
Perkinism. 
Tractus, trak'tus. Tract. T. crucia'tus tegmen'ti, 
posterior commissure of the brain. T. ethmoida'lis, 
gyrus rectus. T. intermediolatera'lis, small group 
of cells forming a projection of gray matter of the 
spinal cord opposite the junction of the anterior and 
posterior cornua. T. intestino'rum, intestinal tube. 
T. olfacto'rius, olfactory tract. T. op'ticus, see Op- 
tic nerves. T. parieta'lis ante'rior, anterior central 
convolution. T. parieta'lis me'dius, posterior cen- 
tral convolution. T. respirato'rius, respiratory tract. 
T. semicircula'ris, fibres in cerebellum arching over 
the corpus dentatum to the peduncles. T. spira'lis 
foraminulen'tus, minute openings at the base of the 
modiolus, arranged in a spiral manner, transmitting 
filaments of the cochlear nerve. The central canal 
of the tractus is longer than the rest, and is called 
Canalis or Tubulus centralis modioli or cochlese. Wind- 
ing closely round the modiolus is a small canal- 
Canalis spiralis modiolus. T. supracallo'sus infe'rior, 
gyrus fornicatus. T. supracallo'sus supe'rior, mar- 
ginal gyrus. 
Tradescan'tia Virgin'ica. Spiderwort; indigenous. 
The roots are demulcent. 
Tragacan'tha (tragos, goat, acantha, a thorn, owing 
to its hirsute boughs). Gum tragacanth, Gum dragon. 
The concrete juice or gummy exudation from Astrag- 
alus gummifer and other species of Astragalus (Ph. 
U. S.); ord. Leguminosse. This gum is inodorous, 
nearly insipid, of a whitish color, semitransparent 
and striated, occurring in thin, vermiform pieces, and 
does not form smooth, uniform mucilage with water. 
It is demulcent, but is rarely used alone. 
Tragacan'thin. Organic principle of tragacanth. 
Tragea, traj'a-ah. Tragema. T. aromat'ica, pul- 
vis cinnamomi compositus. 
Tragema, traj'a-mah (trapema, sweetmeat). An 
aromatic powder containing much sugar. 
Tragi (traj'e) bar'bula. See Tragus. T. pi'li, hairs 
of the ear. 
Tragicus, traj'ik-us. Tragus. A small, flat, tri- 
angular muscle which almost wholly covers the outer 
surface of the tragus, arising from its base and ter- 
minating at the top of the eminence. 
Tragomaschala (trag-o-mas'kal-ah) or Tragomas'- 
chale (tragos, goat, maschale, arm-pit). Strong, un- 
pleasant odor of the arm-pits. 
Tragophonia, trag-o-fo'ne-ah (tragos, goat, phone, 
voice). Egophony. 
Tragopo'gon (tragos, goat, pogon, beard). Genus of TRAGOSELINUM 
plants, ord. Cichoraceje, of which the roots of the 
Tragopogon porrifolium, Salsifi, Salsify, Salsafy, Oyster- 
plant, Oyster-root, Vegetable oyster, and the young shoots 
of the T. pratense, Meadow salsifi, Common goat's beard, 
are eaten as food. Boot of the latter plant has been 
used as a diuretic. 
Tragoselinum, trag-o-sel-e'num (tragos, goat, selinon, 
parsley). Pimpinella saxifraga. T. angel'ica, Ligus- 
ticum podagraria. T. mag'num, Pimpinella magna. 
T. ma'jus, Pimpinella magna. T. saxif'raga, pimpi- 
nella. 
Tra'gus (tragos, a goat, from its being furnished, in 
some persons, with hair like the beard of a goat). 
Small, flattened, triangular nipple covered with hair 
in old people, situate before the meatus auditorius 
externus, which it appears to conceal. Also the pe- 
culiar goat-like smell of the axillae. T. Matthi'oli, 
salsola kali. 
Trail'ing arbu'tus. See Epigsea repens. 
Training (traho, to draw). System of treating 
man and animals so as to develop their full physi- 
cal powers. 
Trame (tram'a) or Tramis, tram'is. Perineum. 
Trance. Catalepsy; ecstasis; hynoptic state. T., 
death, see Asphyxia. 
Trans. In composition, through, across, over, or 
beyond. 
Transduc'tor hallu'cis. Transversus pedis. 
Transfer'ence (trans, fero, to bear). Telepathic 
interchange of thought between two persons widely 
separated. Also applied to clairvoyant and hypnotic 
phenomena. See Thought-reading and Hypnotism. 
Transfiguratio, trans-fig-u-rah'she-o (trans, figuro, 
to form). Transformation. 
Transfix'ion. Act of piercing, as in the formation 
of flaps in certain amputations. 
Transforation, trans-for-a'shun (trans, foro, to 
pierce). Eepeated perforation of the base of the 
foetal skull in craniotomy. 
Transformation (trans, forma, form). Change of 
form. 
Transfusion, trans-fu'zhun (trans, fundo, to pour). 
Pouring from one vessel to another. T. of blood, act 
of passing the blood of one animal into the veins of 
another. Arterial transfusion is the injection of de- 
fibrinated blood into an artery; immediate or direct 
when the blood is passed from one person to another 
through a tube; indirect or mediate when injected 
from a vessel into which it has been drawn. Used in 
conditions of collapse following severe hemorrhage. 
Transient blind'ness. Temporary amblyopia, said 
to be caused by vasomotor disturbances of the visual 
centre. 
Transition (trans-ish'un) tu'mor. See Tumor, tran- 
sition. 
Translation (trans, fero, to carry). Metastasis. 
Translu'cid. Property of transmitting light, but 
not permitting objects to be distinctly seen. 
Transmigration, trans-mi-gra'shun (trans, migro, to 
wander). Passage of cells through a limiting wall of 
membrane; especially applied to the escape of white 
corpuscles from blood-vessels in inflammation. T. of 
the o'vum, occasionally a corpus luteura is found in 
the ovary opposite to that in which the ovum was 
developed. Such a transition, whether occurring by 
an extra-uterine or an intra-uterine channel, is so 
called. 
Transmissibility, trans-mis-sib-il'it-e (trans, mitto, 
to send). Sensibility. 
Transmission, trans-mish'un. Passage of a dis- 
ease or disease-producing agent from one person to 
another. 
Transmutatio, trans-mu-tah'she-o' (trans, muto, mu- 
tatum, to change). Transformation. 
Transparent, trans-pa'rent (trans, pareo, to appear). 
Admitting passage of light, so that objects can be dis- 
tinctly seen through intervening media. 
Transpiration, trans-pir-a'shun (trans, spiro, to 
breathe). Cutaneous exhalation of vapor or volatile 
•matter. Perspiration. T. unilat'era, perspiration 
of one-half the body. 
1104 
TRANSVERSE 
Transplanta'tio (trans, planto, to plant). Pretended 
method of curing diseases, devised by Paracelsus, by 
making them pass from one individual to another, 
either animal or vegetable. Plastic surgery. T. den'- 
tis, transplantation of a tooth; the act of transplant- 
ing a tooth from one person to another. T. med'ica 
no'va, transfusion. 
Transplantation, trans-plan-ta'shun (trans, planto, 
to plant). See Transplantatio. Act of grafting living 
tissue upon the site of deformity or lesion for the 
purpose of repairing defect. T. of the cor'nea, sub- 
stitution of the cornea of an animal for that of man 
in cases in which the cornea has been destroyed. T. 
of the skin, skin-grafting. 
Transport (trans, porto, to carry). Delirium. 
Transpositio, trans-po-zish'e-o (trans, pono, to 
place). Transposition. See Metathesis. 
Transposition, trans-po-zish'un. Change of situa- 
tion. Abnormal change in the location of an organ. 
Transfer of tissue from one point to another by plas- 
tic operation. T. of the vis'cera, congenital vice of 
conformation, consisting in the viscera being found 
out of the situations they ordinarily occupy; the 
heart, for example, being on the right side, the liver 
on the left, etc. 
Trans'udate. See Transudation. Exhalation at the 
surface of the skin or of any membrane. 
Transudation, trans - u - da' shun (trans, sudo, to 
sweat). Passage of a fluid through the tissue of any 
organ, which may collect in small drops on the oppo- 
site surface or evaporate from it. The material that 
so transudes is called a transudate. Exosmose. 
Transuda'tum. See Transudation. 
TransversaTis. Transverse. T. abdom'inis, a 
muscle deeply seated on the lateral parts of the 
abdomen ; flat, thin, and broader before than behind; 
attached above to the cartilage of the last true rib 
and to that of every false rib, and below to the inner 
lip of the crista of the ilium, to the two outer 
thirds of the crural arch, and to the upper part of 
the pubis. Its fibres are inserted behind by means 
of broad aponeuroses into the top of the trans- 
verse and spinous processes of the first four lumbar 
vertebrae; and, before, into the linea alba and the 
ensiform cartilage. This muscle, all of whose fibres 
have a transverse direction, constricts the belly and 
diminishes the base of the chest by drawing inward 
the ribs to which it is attached. T. antl'cus pri'mus, 
rectus capitis lateralis. T. cervi'cis anti'cus, proba- 
bly an aberrant intertransversalis longus. T. cervi'- 
cis me'dius, probably an aberrant intertransversalis 
longus. T. cervi'cis posti'cus mi'nor, an accessory 
muscle arising from transverse process of the upper 
dorsal or lower cervical vertebrae, inserted into trans- 
verse process of atlas or mastoid process. T. collat- 
era'lis col'li, see Sacrolumbalis. T. col'li, a muscle 
attached to the transverse processes of the five or six 
lowest vertebrae of the neck, and to those of the four 
or five first dorsal. It extends the vertebrae of the 
neck and inclines them to its side. See Semispinalis 
colli. T. dor'si, a muscle, usually called multifidus 
spinae, and including all the transversospinales, 
situate in the vertebral gutters extending from the 
posterior parts of the sacrum to the second cervical 
vertebra. It is thicker in the neck and loins than in 
the back and behind the sacrum. Its use is to 
straighten the vertebral column and to impress upon 
it a slight rotary motion. T. facie'i, see Artery and 
Temporal. T. fas'cia, f. lining the transversalis mus- 
cle, joining the diaphragmatic fascia above, attached 
below to the iliac crest and whole of Poupart's liga- 
ment, except the space where it passes into the thigh 
to form part of the crural sheath. T. na'si, com- 
pressor naris. T. plan'tae, transversus pedis. 
Transversa'rius. Transverse. 
Trans'verse (trans, across, verto, to turn). That 
which runs across; also that which relates to the 
transverse processes of the vertebrae. T. ar'tery of 
the face arises from the temporal, passes transversely 
across the face in front of the condyle of the lower 
jaw, and gives its branches to the different muscles TRANSVERSOSPINAL 
of the cheek. T. cer'ebral fis'sure, ante'rior, a fis- 
sure of the brain bounded above by the corpus callo- 
sum and fornix, below by the corpora quadrigemina 
and lateral parts of the optic thalamus. T. cer'ebral 
fis'sure, poste'rlor, is situate between the cerebellum 
above and medulla oblongata below. T. cer'vical 
ar'tery arises from the thyroid axis, passing across 
the neck through the subclavian triangle. T. diam'- 
eter of skull, breadth of skull between parietal prom- 
inences. T. fis'sure, see Liver. T. fos'sa, see Liver. 
T. lig'ament, part of cotyloid ligament; coracoid 
ligament. T. lig'ament of the at las, annular liga- 
ment. T. perine'al ar'tery is given off from the 
upper branch of the internal pudic, and passes in- 
ward and forward above the transversus perinaei 
muscles as far as the bulb of the urethra, into which 
it dips, subdividing into numerous branches. T. per- 
ine'al mus'cle, transversus perinaei. T. pro'cesses 
of the vertebrae, Diapophysis of Owen, the bony emi- 
nences that jut out transversely and posteriorly from 
the sides of the vertebrae. T. su'ture runs across the 
face and sinks into the orbit, joining the bones of 
the skull to those of the face, but with so many irreg- 
ularities and interruptions that it can scarcely be 
recognized as a suture. 
Transversospi'nal. Semispinalis colli; semispi- 
nalis dorsi. 
Transversospina'lis. Transversalis dorsi. T. col'- 
ll, semispinalis colli. T. dor'si, semispinalis dorsi. 
Transver'sus. Transverse. T. aur'is, a muscular 
ligament dividing the concha into two portions. T. 
col'li, muscle arising from first costal cartilage and 
running toward middle line of neck. T. lin'guse, 
intrinsic muscle of tongue. T. ma'nus, external head 
of adductor pollicis. T. pec'toris, triangularis sterni. 
T. pe'dis, a muscle arising from the heads of the 
metatarsal bones of the three outer toes, and in- 
serted into the base of the first phalanx of the greater 
toe, being blended with that of the adductor pollicis. 
T. perinse'i, Transverse perineal muscle, muscle placed 
at the posterior part of the perineum. It is thin, 
triangular, and situate transversely. Its external ex- 
tremity is attached to the ramus and tuberosity of 
the ischium; its inner extremity is confounded with 
its fellow of the opposite side, and with the anterior 
part of the sphincter ani and posterior part of the 
bulbocavernosus. Its function is to compress the 
urethra and to support the rectum and bladder. To 
a fasciculus of this muscle Santorini has given the 
name Elevator or Ejaculator urethrse. T. perinse'i 
al'ter, a small muscle occasionally accompanying the 
last. T. pros'tatse, compressor prostate. 
Tra'pa na'tans. Plant affording the Nuces aquat- 
ic®, Tribuli aquatici, caltrops. The nut is nutrient 
and demulcent, and used in diarrhoea from abrasion 
of the bowels, and in calculus. A poultice is some- 
times made of it to discuss hard and indolent tumors. 
Trapeza, trap-a'zah (trapeza, table). Corona of the 
jaw teeth. 
Trape'zium (trapezion, trapezium) cer'ebri. A set of 
nerve-fibres situate in the pons Varolii. T. os, so called 
from its shape. The first bone of the second row of 
the carpus. Articulated above with the scaphoides; 
below, with the first bone of the metacarpus; within, 
with the trapezoides and second metacarpal bone. 
Trape'zius. A muscle seated at the posterior part 
of the neck and shoulder and at the upper part of the 
back, having the shape of a trapezium; attached, on 
the one hand, to the inner third of the upper curved 
line of the occipital bone; to the posterior cervical 
ligament; to the spinous processes of the seventh 
cervical vertebra and of all the dorsal vertebrae; and, 
on the other hand, to the spine of the, scapula, the 
acromion, and the outer third of the posterior margin 
of the clavicle. Its upper fibres are situate obliquely 
downward and outward; the transverse and inferior, 
obliquely outward and inward. This muscle elevates 
the shoulder, carries it backward, or depresses it, 
according as its upper, middle, or lower fibres con- 
tract separately. It straightens the head also, and 
inclines it to one side. 
1105 
TREMBLES 
Trap'ezoid (trapezion, trapezium, eidos, form). Tra- 
pezium-shaped. T. bone, second bone of the second 
row of the carpus, so called from its shape. It is 
smaller than the trapezium, on the inside of which it 
is situate. It is articulated, above, with the os navic- 
ulare; below, with the second metacarpal bone; on 
the outside, with the trapezium; and internally, with 
the magnum. Anteriorly and posteriorly, it affords 
attachment to ligaments. T. lig'ament, the anterior 
part of the coracoclavicular ligament, having the 
shape of a trapezium, situate obliquely between the 
acromion process and clavicle. 
Trapp's test. For veratria; filter a solution con- 
taining the suspected substance, heat with hydro- 
chloric acid, and if veratria is present a dark-red color 
appears. 
Traube's curves. Rhythmical variations of arte- 
rial pressure occurring in animals which have been 
subjected to the action of curare, after total cessation 
of respiratory movements and section of both vagi. 
Traulismus, trow-liz'mus (traulismos, lisping). 
Vicious and incomplete pronunciation in which al- 
most all the consonants are replaced by the letters b 
and I. 
Traulotes, trow-lo'tees (traulotes, lisping). Trau- 
lismus. 
Trauma, trow'mah (trauma, wound). A wound. 
Traumat'ic (trauma, a wound). Vulnerary. Any- 
thing relating to a wound or injury, as traumatic af- 
fections of the skin. T. fe'ver, febrile phenomena 
following a wound. 
Traumat'lca. Detergents; vulneraries. 
Traumaticine, trow-mat'is-seen. Solution of gutta- 
percha in chloroform which acts as a protective when 
applied to the skin. 
Trau'matism. The condition of the organism oc- 
casioned by a grave wound. Traumatism of labor 
includes lesions arising in the course of parturition, 
as laceration of the os and vagina, etc. 
Traumatocace, trow-mat-ok'as-e (trauma, wound, 
kake, foulness). Traumatic gangrene. 
Traumatocomi'um (trauma, komeo, to take care of). 
Hospital for the reception of the wounded. 
Traumatone'sis (trauma, wound, nesis, spinning). 
Suture of wounds. 
Traumatopncea, trow-mat-op-ne'ah (trauma, pneo, 
to breathe). A condition met with in wounds of the 
lung and pleura, in which the air passes in and out 
of the wound during respiration. 
Traumatopyra, trow-mat-op'ir-ah (trauma, wound, 
pur, fever). Wound fever or fever consecutive to a 
wound. 
Trav'ail ([F.] travailler, to labor). Parturition. 
Traveller's joy. Clematis vitalba. 
Treac'le. Molasses; theriaca. T., Eng'lish, Teu- 
crium chamsedrys. T., Ven'ice, theriaca. 
Tread. Cicatricula. T. of the cock, molecule. 
Treatment (tracto, to treat). Means employed for 
the relief of disease. T., dry, one in which the pa- 
tient is almost wholly, if not wholly, interdicted from 
the alimentary use of fluids. 
Tree, elk. Andromeda arborea. T. of heav'en, 
Ailanthus glandulosa. T. of life, Thuya occidentalis. 
T., sour, Andromeda arborea. 
Treeak farook. Native nostrum, used in India for 
beriberi; a thick extract into which some terebinthi- 
nate enters, which is said to subdue the pulse. 
Tref'oil. Hepatica triloba. T. bean, stink'ing, 
anagyris. T., marsh, Menyanthes verna. T., 
shrub'by, Ptelea trifoliata. T., sour, Oxalis aceto- 
sella. T. ten'don, see Tendon, trefoil. T., wa'ter, 
Menyanthes trifoliata. 
Treha'la. Cocoons of Larin us maculatus, habitat 
Asia Minor. 
Tre'halose. A crystallizable carbohydrate deriva- 
tive from ergot and trehala. 
Tre'ma (trema, opening). Foramen; vulva. 
Tre'matode (trema, hole). Order of Entozoa to 
which parasitic worms of the lower intestines belong; 
flukes. 
Trem'bles. A disease in cattle producing, in the TREMBLING 
human subject, a typhoid affection known as milk- 
sickness. Mercurial tremor. 
Trem'bling. Tremor. T. fe'ver, intermittent fever. 
T., mercu'rial, palsy, mercurial. T., se'nile, invol- 
untary but uniform contractions of muscles over a 
limited space, and succeeding each other with ex- 
cessive rapidity, in old persons generally. 
Tremel'la auric'ula Ju'dse (tremo, to tremble). 
Peziza auricula. 
Tre'mor {tremo, to tremble). Trembling. Invol- 
untary agitation of the body or of some part of it, 
without any obstacle to voluntary motion. It de- 
pends, generally, upon debility of the muscular or of 
the nervous system, and hence is observed in con- 
valescence and in typhoid affections. It occurs also 
in old people, in hard drinkers, and in workers in 
certain metals, as mercury and lead. In the last case 
it is called Tremor metallicus or metallurgorum, Metallic 
shaking palsy. Tremor seems to resemble paralysis 
more than convulsion ; see Palsy, mercurial, Paralysis 
agitans, and Pavitatio. T. ar'tuum, paralysis agitans. 
T. cor'dis, hippus palpitation. T. ab hydrar'gyro, 
mercurial palsy. T., lead, lead palsy. T., mer- 
cu'rial, mercurial palsy. T. metal'licus, see Tremor. 
T. metallurgo'rum, see Tremor. T. potato'rum, 
see Delirium tremens. T., purr'ing, agitation, like the 
purring of a cat, felt by the hand applied over the 
praecordial region, probably from narrowing of the 
auriculo-ventricular openings. 
Trem'ulous i'ris. Tremulous movement of the 
iris, due to loss of support occasioned by removal or 
displacement of the lens. 
Trendelenburg's posi'tion or post'ure. Position 
made use of by abdominal surgeons, the patient's 
body being originally made to recline at an angle of 
about 45°, but now modified so that the entire lower 
extremities are elevated at an angle of from 15° to 20°, 
under the view that gravitation of the abdominal vis- 
cera toward the diaphragm will aid in overcoming 
some of the difficulties attending such operations. 
Trepan'. See Trephine. 
Trepanatio, trep-an-ah'she-o. Trepanning. 
Trepan'ning. Methodical application of the trepan. 
See Trephine. 
Trephine' (trepo, to turn). Trepan. An instru- 
ment consisting of a simple cylindrical saw, with a 
handle placed transversely like that of a gimlet; 
from the centre of the circle described by the teeth 
of the saw a sharp perforator projects, called the 
centrepin, which can be removed at the surgeon's 
option. It is used to fix the instrument until the 
teeth of the saw have made a circular groove suf- 
ficiently deep for it to work steadily. This instru- 
ment is used for removing circular disks of bone. 
Trephining, tre-fi'ning. Application of a trephine. 
Trepida'tio {trepido, to be agitated). Tremor; 
rhythmical tremor of the foot in certain diseases. 
T. cor'dis, rapid and feeble palpitation or fluttering 
of the heart. 
Trepidation, trep-id-a'shun. See Trepidatio. 
Tresis, tra'sis {tresis, boring). Perforation; forcible 
solution of continuity in a soft part, commencing ex- 
ternally. Trepanning. Wound. T. cau'sis, burn. 
T. punctu'ra, puncture. T. vul'nus, wound. T. 
vul'nus lacera'tum, lacerated wound. T. vul'nus 
sim'plex, cut. 
Tresso'ria. Hair covering the mons Veneris, the 
absence of which has, by the vulgar, been esteemed a 
matter of reproach. 
Tri. In composition three. 
Tri'al, beset'ting. Masturbation. T. by bier'- 
right, an ordeal in which the wounds of a murdered 
person were supposed to bleed afresh if the body were 
touched ever so lightly, in any part, by the mur- 
derer. 
Tri'al-frame. A spectacle frame used for holding 
trial-glasses. 
Tri'al-glasses or tri'al-case. A collection of 
lenses used in testing refraction of the eye. 
Tri'al-lenses. Lenses used in testing refraction 
of the eye. 
1106 
TRICEPS 
Tri'angle, carot'id. See CfervicaZ triangles. T. of 
Hes'selbach, a triangular interval on the posterior 
aspect of the abdominal wall, through which direct 
inguinal hernia finds its way, and the sides of which 
are formed by the epigastric artery and the margin 
of the rectus muscle, and the base by Poupart's liga- 
ment. T., occipital, see Cervical triangles. T. of 
Petit, a triangular space bounded below by the crest 
of the ilium, in front by the border of the external 
oblique muscle, and behind by the latissimus dorsi. 
T. of Scar'pa, a triangular depression in the upper 
part of the thigh, the base of which is formed by 
Poupart's ligament, the outer side by the tendon of 
the psoas and iliac muscles and the sartorius, and 
the inner side by the peetineus and adductor longus. 
Through the centre of this hollow the femoral artery 
runs, with the femoral vein internal to it. T., sub- 
cla'vian, see Cervical triangles. T., submaxillary, 
see Cervical triangles. T., vesical, see Urinary bladder. 
Tri'angles, cer'vical. See Cervical. 
Trian'gular. Having three angles. T. fas'cia, 
triangular ligament of abdomen. T. fibrocarlilage, 
triangular plate between ulna and bones of wrist. 
T. lig'ament, Infrapubian ligament; a ligamentous 
fascia situate transversely beneath the symphysis 
pubis, which it strengthens. Also a ligament extend- 
ing from the coracoid to the acromial process of the 
scapula. T. lig'ament of the abdolnen, band of 
tendinous fibres arising from Poupart's ligament 
along the pectineal line, and, passing beneath the sper- 
matic cord, interlacing with the opposite fellow at the 
linea alba. T. lig'ament of ure'thra, continuation 
of deep layer of superficial fascia, attached to the 
under surface of the symphysis pubis and rami of 
ischium and pubis. T. lig'aments of liv'er, layers 
of peritoneum which unite and extend from the sides 
of the diaphragm to the margins of the liver. 
Triangula'ris. Depressor anguli oris. T. coccy'- 
gis, coccygeus. T. na'si, compressor naris. T. 
ster'ni, a triangle-shaped muscle, the base being di- 
rected downward, situate at the anterior and inner 
part of the chest behind the cartilages of the ribs. 
It is attached to the posterior, lateral, and inferior 
part of the sternum, whence its fibres pass upward 
and outw'ard, and terminate at the cartilages of the 
third, fourth, fifth, and sixth true ribs. This muscle 
depresses the ribs and contributes to expiration. 
Triatom'ic. A term applied to an element whose 
valence is equivalent to three atoms of hydrogen. 
Tri'badism. See Tribas. 
Trib'alus (tribalos). Trapa natans. 
Trl'bas (tribas). A female whose clitoris is so large 
as to cause her to be regarded as an hermaphrodite; 
one who attempts or practices sexual intercourse with 
another female-tribadism. 
Triba'sic (tri, basis). A term applied to an acid 
having three replaceable hydrogens. 
Tribromaldehyde, tri-brome-al'de-hide. Liquid 
substance, very much like chloral, formed by action 
of bromine on alcohol. 
Tribromomethane, tri-bro-mo-meth'ane. Bromo- 
form. 
Tribromophenol, tri-bro-mo-fe'nol. Bromol. 
Tribromphenol, tri-brome-fe'nol. A crystalline 
substance resulting from the action of carbolic acid 
on bromine-water ; used externally as a surgical anti- 
septic and disinfectant in purulent and gangrenous 
conditions. 
Trib'uli aquat'ici (pl. of Tribulus). See Trapa 
natans. 
Tribu'tum luna're (lunar or monthly tribute). 
Menses. T. men'struum, menses. 
Tricse, trik'e (thrix, trichos, hair). Plica. T. incu- 
bo'rum, plica. T. scrofo'rum, plica. 
Tricago, tre-kah'go. Teucrium chamsedrys. 
Tricaudalis, tre-kaud-al'is (tri, cauda, tail). Retra- 
hens auris. 
Tricephalus, tre-sef'al-us (tri, cephale, head). A 
monster with three heads. 
Triceps, tri'seps (tri, caput, head). Name given to 
muscles having three fleshy bundles at one of their TRICHXE 
extremities. T. adduc'tor fem'oris, under this ap- 
pellation are comprehended three distinct muscles: 
Adductor brevis, A. longus, and A. magnus. See 
Adductor. T. aur'is, retrahens auris. T. brachia'- 
lis or brach'ii, triceps extensor cubiti. T., cru'ral, 
triceps cruris. T. cru'ris, Crural; muscle situate at 
the anterior, inner, and outer part of the thigh, and 
formed of three bundles at its superior extremity, 
viz.: 1. A middle fasciculus, the cruralis, crureus, or 
femoreus; see Cruralis. 2. An external fasciculus, 
the vastus externus. 3. An inner fasciculus, the vas- 
tus internus. It is attached above to the anterior, 
inner, and outer surfaces of the femur, and to the 
two edges of the linea aspera from the base of the 
trochanter to within four fingers' breadth of the 
knee. Below it terminates by a large tendon, which 
is attached to the base and edges of the patella, as 
well as to the inner and outer tuberosities of the 
tibia. The triceps extends the leg on the thigh, and 
conversely. T. exten'sor cu'biti, muscle occupying 
all the posterior part of the humerus. It arises by 
three heads: The first or long head-long head of the 
biceps externus of Douglas, anconeus major of Wins- 
low-arises from the upper margin of the glenoid 
cavity. The second head, or short head of the biceps 
externus of Douglas, anconeus externus of Winslow, 
arises from the base of the great tuberosity. The 
third head-brachialis externus of Douglas, anconeus 
internus of Winslow-the shortest of the three, arises 
from the back part of the os humeri, behind the flat 
tendon of the latissimus dorsi. These three portions 
unite about the middle of the arm as one muscle, 
which is inserted at the upper part of the olecranon. 
It extends the forearm on the arm, and conversely. 
T. mag'nus, adductor magnus. T. mi'nor, adductor 
longus femoris. T. secun'dus, adductor brevis. T. 
su'rse, see Gastrocnemii. 
Trichae incuborum, trik'e in-ku-bo'rum (thrix, tri- 
chos, hair, incubi, fauns [?]). Plica. T. scrofo'rum, 
plica. 
Trichangia, trik-an-je'ah (tricho, angeion, vessel). 
Capillary vessels. 
Trichangiectasia, trik-an-ge-ek-taz'e-ah (tricho, an- 
geion, vessel, ektasis, dilatation). Morbid dilatation 
of the capillary vessels. 
Trichatrophia, trik-at-rof'e-ah. Disease of the hair 
in which it becomes altered in structure, soft and 
brittle, with atrophy of the hair-bulb. 
Trichaux'e or Trichauxis, trik-owks'is (tricho, auxe, 
increase). Increase in the quantity and size of the 
hair without change of texture. 
Trichauxis, trik-owks'is. Trichauxe. 
Trichera arvensis, trik-a'rah ar-ven'sis (thrix, gen. 
trichos, hair). Scabiosa. 
Trichia, trik'e-ah (thrix, gen. trichos, hair). Entro- 
pion. 
Trichiasis, trik-e'as is (thrix, trichos, hair). Morbus 
pilaris. This name has been given to several affec- 
tions. A disease of the kidneys or bladder in which 
filamentous substances resembling hairs are passed 
in the urine. A painful swelling of the breasts in 
childbed women, when the milk is excreted with 
difficulty. Inversion of the eyelashes-trichiasis cili- 
orum. See Entropion. Trichiasis coacta is a matting 
and interlacing of hair. T. cilio'rum, see Trichiasis. 
T. coac'ta, see Trichiasis. T. lac'tea, knotty swelling 
of the female mammae from accumulation and arrest 
of milk in the galactophorous ducts. 
Trichilia (trik-il'e-ah) emet'ica. Elcaja. Tree, ord. 
Meliaceae, common on the mountains of Yemen and 
in Senegal. The fruit is used by the Arabs as an 
emetic. T. trifolia'ta, a bush of Curagoa, a decoc- 
tion of the roots of which is used to promote abortion. 
Trichina spiralis, trik-e'nah spir-al'is (thrix, trichos, 
hair, from its small size). A small species of entozoa, 
fam. Nematoidea, discovered in the voluntary mus- 
cles, and found especially in swine. Trichinae con- 
sist of minute oblong cysts, containing at first a 
granular substance and afterward calcareous matter. 
When taken with the food the cysts are dissolved, 
and parasites multiply in the intestines and then 
1107 
TRICHOM APHYTE 
migrate to the muscles. Abdominal pains, diarrhoea, 
and vomiting, due to perforation of the intestines by 
newly-produced worms, come on within ten days 
after their ingestion. Secondary symptoms relate to 
the muscles, and resemble myalgia, rheumatism, or 
typhoid fever. The condition thus induced has been 
called trichiniasis, trichinitis, trichina, trichinous or 
trichinatous disease. See Parasites and Worms. 
Trichiniasis (trik-in-e'as-is), Trichinitis (trik-in- 
e'tis), or Trichinosis, trik-in-o'sis (trichina, osis). 
Morbid condition arising as a result of entrance of 
trichinae into the human system. See Trichina spi- 
ralis. 
Trichinoscope, trik'in-o-skope. Instrument used 
in detecting trichinous parasites in affected meat. 
Trichinosis, trik-in-o'sis. See Parasites. 
Trichinous, trik'in-us. Relating or appertaining 
to trichina. 
Trichiosis, trik-e-o'sis (thrix, trichos, hair). Trichi- 
asis. T. dis'trix, hair of the scalp, weak, slender, and 
splitting at the extremities. 
Trichismus, trik-iz'mus. Capillary fracture, fis- 
sure, or crack. 
Trichiuria, trik-e-u're-ah (thrix, oura, tail). Tricho- 
cephalus. 
Trichloracetic (tri-klor-as-e'tik) ac'id. A com- 
pound formed by oxidation of chloral by means of 
nitric acid. 
Trichlo'ride of i'odine. Decomposed by water 
into hydrochloric and iodic acids. Used externally. 
Trichlorphenol (tri-klor-fe'nol) or Trichlorphen'ic 
ac'id. A derivative of carbolic acid having a tarry 
odor and pungent taste ; used as a disinfectant. 
Tricho, trik'o (thrix, trichos, hair). In composition, 
hair. 
Trichocardia, trik-o-kar'de-ah (thrix, trichos, hair, 
cardia, heart). Pseudo-membranous elevations occur- 
ring in exudative pericarditis, giving rise to the so- 
called hairy heart. 
Trichoceph'alus (tricho, kephale, head). Long thread- 
worm, Whipworm. A worm from an inch and a half 
to two inches long, head acute, the body spirally in- 
voluted in the male, almost straight in the female. 
The Trichocephalus dispar generally inhabits the 
caecum and colon, and is rarely met with in the small 
intestines; it gives rise to no peculiar symptoms. 
Trichocirsus, trik-o-sir'sus (tricho, kirsos, a dilated 
vessel). Trichangiectasia. 
Trichoclasia (trik-o-klaz'e-ah) or Trichocla'sis 
(tricho, klasis, fracture). A breaking of the hair, 
giving it a jointed appearance. 
Trichocryptoses, trik-o-krip-to'sees (ffirix, hair, 
kruptosis, hiding). Diseases of the hair-follicles. 
Trichodangiitis, trik-o-dan-je-e'tis (thrix, hair, an- 
geion, vessel). Inflammation of the capillaries. 
Trichodyschroi'a (tricho, dyschroia, bad or defective 
color). Discoloration of the hair; alteration or varia- 
tion of the natural pigment of the hair. 
Trichogenous, trik-oj'en-us (tricho, gennao, to gen- 
erate). Hair-forming; promoting the growth of the 
hair. 
Trichoglossia, trik-o-glos'se-ah (thrix, hair, glossa, 
tongue). Peculiar hairy appearance of the tongue, due 
to hypertrophy of the sheath of the filiform papillae. 
Trichoid, trik'oid (thrix, hair). Having the appear- 
ance of hair. 
Trichol'abis (tricho, labis, forceps). Tweezers, espe- 
cially for extracting hairs. 
Tricholabium, trik-o-lab'e-um. Tweezers, espe- 
cially for extracting hairs. 
Trichologia, trik-o-loj'e-ah (tricho, lego, to pluck). 
Carphologia. See Trichology. 
Trichology, trik-ol'o-gy (tricfco, logos, description). 
A treatise on the hair. 
Trichoma, trik-o'mah (thrix, hair). Villous or hairy 
covering; small fibre or fibril; plica. 
Trlchomanes, trik-om'an-ees (tricho, manos, thin). 
Asplenium trichomano'ides. T. crena'ta, Asplenium 
trichomanoides. 
Trichomaphyte, trik-o'ma-fite (trichoma, plica, phu- 
ton, vegetable). A cryptogamous growth found in TRICHOMATION 
plica, and said by some to be its cause; mycoderma 
plicae. 
Trichomation, trik-o-mat'e-on. Capillamentum. 
Trichomatose (trik-o'mat-ose) hair (trichoma). 
Plica. 
Trlchomatosis, trik-o-mat-o'sis (trichoma, growth of 
hair). Disease due to parasites, in which the hair 
becomes matted together. 
Trichomonas, trik-om'on-as (tricho, monad). Trich- 
omonad. An animalcule found in the mucus of the 
vagina where cleanliness has not been attended to- 
T. vaginalis. By some it is considered to be nothing 
more than ciliated epithelium separated from the 
uterus. 
Trichomyces decalvans, trik-om-e'sees de-kal'vans 
(tricho, myces, fungus). See Porrigo decalvans. T. 
tonsu'rans, see Porrigo decalvans. 
Trichomycosis (trik-o-mik-o'sis) capilli'tii. See 
Kerion. T. favo'sa, tinea favosa. T. trichophyti'na, 
tinea trichophytina. 
Trichomyko'sis. Trichomycosis. 
Trichomysis nodosa, trik-om'is-is no-do'sah. Dis- 
ease of the hair of the genitals and axilla charac- 
terized by nodosities, due to development of bacteria 
within the layers of the shaft, which later becomes 
encapsulated. 
Trichonosis, trik-on-o'sis. Porrigo. T. ca'na, 
canities. T. furfura'cea, porrigo decalvans. T. 
pli'ca, plica. T. polio'sis, poliosis. 
Trichon'osus (tricho, nosos, disease). A disease of 
the hair. 
Trichopathia (trik-o-path-e'ah) pli'ca (tricho,pathos, 
affection). Plica polonica. 
Trichopathic, trik-o-path'ic (same etymon). Eelat- 
ing or appertaining to affections of the hair. 
Trichop'athy. Plica polonica. 
Trichophyia (trik-o-fe'e-ah) or Trichophyt'ica 
(tricho, phuo, to grow). Eemedies promoting the 
growth of the hair. 
Trichophyton, trik-of'it-on (tricho, phuton, vege- 
table). A fungus giving rise to disease of the hair. 
See Plica. T. decal'vans, see Porrigo decalvans. T. 
sporuloi'des, see Fungus, Parasites, and Plica. T. 
tonsu'rans, see Fungus and Porrigo decalvans. 
Trichophytosis, trik-o-fit-o'sis. Disease of the skin 
due to trichophyton. T. imbrica'ta, form of tinea in 
which the scales are imbricated. T. squamo'sa, 
scaly form of tinea. T. vesiculo'sa, vesicular form 
of tinea. 
Trichopoliosis, trik-o-po-le-o'sis (thrix, hair, polios, 
hoary). Grayness of hair. 
Trichorhexis nodosa, trik-o-rheks'is no-do'sah 
(thrix, rhexis, breaking). Trichopoliosis; nutritive 
defect of the scalp giving rise to fragility, swelling, 
and bursting of hair; probably parasitic in origin. 
Trichorrhcea, trik-or-rhe'ah (tricho, rheo, to flow). 
Fall of the hair from any cause. 
Trichosanthes (trik-o-san'thees) ama'ra (tricho, 
anthos, flower, from the ciliated corollae). Order, Cu- 
curbitacese. A plant of India ; the seeds are bitter 
and astringent, sometimes emetic, and in larger doses 
a poison. T. corda'ta, the root is used by the natives 
of India as a substitute for calumba root. T. cucu- 
mer'ina, the fruit is considered in India to be anthel- 
mintic. T. inci'sa, Gashed trichosanthes of India; 
the fruit is poisonous, and used as an application to 
offensive sores and to ozaena. T. villo'sa of Java, 
the fruit acts like colocynth. 
Trichoschisis, trik-os'kis-is (tricho, schizo, to split). 
Splitting of the hairs at their extremities. 
Trichosis, trik-o'sis. Morbid organization or de- 
ficiency of hair. T. a'rea, porrigo decalvans. T. 
a'thrix, alopecia. T. bul'bi, small tumor on anterior 
part of eyeball, having hair growing from it. T. 
dis'trix, distrix. T. entro'pion, trichiasis. T. fur- 
fura'cea, porrigo furfurans. T. hirsu'ties, hirsuties. 
T. pli'ca, plica. T. polio'sis, poliosis. T. seto'sa, 
porcupine disease of the skin ; see Hystriciasis. 
Trichosyphilosis, trik-o-sif-il-o'sis (tricho, syphilis). 
Syphiloma of the hair. A change in the structure of 
the hair, the shaft of which becomes swollen and 
1108 
TRIGGER 
dark-colored, drying up and splitting or breaking off 
-a result of the syphilitic taint. 
Trichothecium, trik-o-tha'se-um (tricho, theke, place 
of deposit). A form of fungus giving rise to a vege- 
table parasitic disease of the hair. 
Trichoton, trik-o'ton (trichosis, growth of hair). 
Scalp. 
Trichuris, trik-u'ris (tricho, oura, a tail). Tricho- 
cephalus. 
Triclisperma (trik-le-spur'mah) grandiflo'ra (thrix, 
hair, sperma, seed). Polygala paucifolia. 
Tricornis, trik-or'nis (tri cornu, three horns). 
Having three processes. 
Tricrotic, tri-kro'tik. See Pulse, tricrotic. 
Tricrotous, trik'ro-tus. See Pulse, tricrotic. 
Tricuspid, tri-kus'pid (tri, cuspis, a cusp, a point). 
That which has three points. T. insufficiency, a 
condition resulting from endocarditis, obstructive dis- 
eases of the lungs by cirrhosis or emphysema, etc., 
the symptoms being those of obstruction in the pul- 
monary circulation, with congestion of the veins of 
the general or systemic circulation. T. valves, three 
triangular valvular duplicatures formed by the inner 
membrane of the right cavities of the heart around 
the auriculo-ventricular orifice. The elongated and 
pointed top of each of these valves is continuous with 
the chord® tendine®, which set out from the column® 
carne® of the heart. These valves allow the blood to 
flow from the auricle into the ventricle, and prevent 
its reflux into the auricle. 
Tricuspis, trik-us'pis. Tricuspid. 
Triencephalus, tre-en-sef'al-us (tri, enkephalos, en- 
cephalon). A monster wanting three cephalic organs 
of sense-smell, hearing, and vision. See Aprosopia. 
Triens, tre'ens (tri, three). The third part of a 
pound ; four ounces troy. 
Triethylamine, tri-eth'il-am-een. CeHisN. Pto- 
maine from some forms of putrefying fish and cul- 
tures of a bacillus in poisonous sausage. See Pto- 
maines (table). 
Trifacial, tri-fa'shal. Trigemini. 
Trifolium acetosum, tre-fo'le-um as-e-to'sum (tri, 
folium, a leaf). Oxalis acetosella. T. aquat'icum, 
Menyanthes trifoliata. T. au'reum, Hepatica triloba. 
T. cervi'num, Eupatorium cannabinum. T. fibri'- 
num, Menyanthes trifoliata. T. hepat'icum, Hepat- 
ica triloba. T. melilo'tus officina'lis, Common melilot, 
ord. Leguminos®. The infusion or distilled water of 
this plant has been employed in ophthalmia. Also used 
in fomentations, glysters, etc. T. offlcina'le, T. meli- 
lotus officinalis. T. paludo'sum, Menyanthes trifoli- 
ata. T. palus'tre, Menyanthes trifoliata. T. praten'- 
se, red clover; the flower-heads are diuretic and alter- 
ative ; given in infusion and fluid extract. 
Trigastric, tri-gas'trik (tri, gaster, belly). Having 
three bellies. 
Trigem'ini (tri, geminus, double, threefold, triplets). 
Trifacial nerve.' The fifth pair of nerves. This nerve 
arises by two roots-a posterior, larger or sensory, 
and an anterior, smaller or motor root. The larger 
root arises chiefly from the gray tubercle of Rolando 
or upper extremity of the posterior gray horn of the 
medulla; the smaller, motor root arises from two 
masses of multipolar cells situate on the inner side 
and close to the gray tubercle. The two roots pass 
through an opening in the dura mater, and then run 
between the bone and the dura mater to the opening 
in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where 
the sensory fibres form the Gasserian ganglion ; wrhile 
the motor nerves pass onward, having no connection 
with this ganglion. The branches of the gemini are 
the ophthalmic, superior maxillary, and inferior max- 
illary. The whole of the first and second branches 
and a part of the third are sensory nerves, while the 
remaining part of the third-the gustatory or lin- 
gual-is entirely motiferous, and passes to the ptery- 
goid and other muscles concerned in mastication. 
Trig'ger fin'ger. Name given to a condition in 
which a joint of a finger suddenly becomes locked, 
either in flexion or extension. T. thumb, a similar 
condition, but restricted to the thumb. TRIGONA CERVICALIA 
Trigo'na cervica'lia. Cervical triangles. 
Trigonel'la foe'num (dim. of Trigonon, triangle, 
from the shape of its flower). Ord. Leguminosee. A 
native of the south of France. The seeds have a 
strong, disagreeable smell and an unctuous, farina- 
ceous taste, accompanied by a slight bitterness. They 
are chiefly used in poultices. 
Trigonocephaly, tri - gon - o - sef' al-e. Peculiarly- 
shaped head, representing a cone with the apex in 
front. 
Trigo'nos (trigon). Triangular. 
Trigo'num. Trigone. T. carotide'um, carotid 
triangle. T. cerebra'le, fornix. T. cervica'le, por- 
tion of gray commissure of the spinal cord for recep- 
tion of the blood-vessels. T. cervica'le infe'rius, 
posterior triangle; see Cervical triangles. T. cervi- 
ca'le supe'rius, anterior triangle; see Cervical tri- 
angles. T. cine'reum, extension of gray substance of 
floor of third ventricle connected with optic chiasm. 
T. clavipectora'le, the triangular space between 
clavicle, pectoralis minor, and thoracic wall. T. col- 
latera'le, posterior triangle; see Cervical triangles. 
T. col'll media'num, the two anterior cervical tri- 
angles regarded as one. T. cor'aco-acromia'le, tri- 
angular space between a line from apex of acromion 
and apex of coracoid process and the clavicle. T. 
cubita'le, fossa cubiti. T. deltoideopectora'le, in- 
fraclavicular fossa. T. du'rum, space between ante- 
rior corpora quadrigemina. T. fluc'tuans, posterior 
commissure of cerebrum. T. haben'ulaj, small de- 
pression on back and upper surface of optic thalamus. 
T. hypoglos'si, hypoglossal area. T. infe'rius com- 
missu'rae posterio'ris cer'ebri, space below posterior 
commissure of cerebrum. T. infraclavicula're, in- 
fraclavicular fossa. T. inguina'le, Scarpa's triangle. 
T. intercrura'le or interpeduncula're, interpedun- 
cular space. T. Lieutau'di, trigone of bladder. T. 
lumba'le infe'rius, Petit's triangle. T. lumba'le su- 
pe'rius, tetragonum lumbale. T. mol'le, posterior 
commissure of cerebrum. T. olfacto'rium, olfactory 
trigone. T. omoclavicula're, subclavian triangle. 
T. omotrape'zium, occipital triangle; see Cervical 
triangles. T. palati'num, surface for articulation of 
orbital process of palate-bone at superior and mesial 
angle of superior maxillary. T. pen'sile, posterior 
commissure of cerebrum. T. Petiti, see Petit, triangle 
of. T. Scar'pse or subinguina'le, Scarpa's triangle. 
T. submaxilla're, submaxillary triangle; see Cervical 
triangles. T. subpinea'le, space between the corpora 
quadrigemina anteriora and pineal gland. T. supe'- 
rius commissu'rae posterio'ris, space above posterior 
commissure of cerebrum and the anterior corpora 
quadrigemina. T. va'gi, vagus area. T. vesi'cae, 
trigone of bladder. 
Trlgo'nus Lieutaud'i (trigonon). See Urinary blad- 
der. T. vesi'cse, see Urinary bladder. 
Tril'lium erec'tum (trilix, tissue of three threads; 
the parts of this plant being chiefly in threes). In- 
digenous plant; its rhizome is astringent, tonic, and 
antiseptic in genito-urinary affections. T. latifo'- 
lium, Broadleaf bethroot, Bethroot, Rattlesnake root, 
Wakerobin, Coughroot, Indian balm, Ground lily, Jews' 
harp, Indian shamrock, Pariswort, Truelove, ord. Tril- 
liacese. Plant peculiar to North America, whose root 
is astringent, tonic, and antiseptic; used in genito- 
urinary affections. All species of Trillium possess 
the same properties. 
Trimammius, tre-mam'me-us. Name given to con- 
genital malformation of the breasts in which there 
are three nipples. 
Trimestrium, tre-mes'tre-um. Term applied to 
certain diseases or conditions in which symptoms 
occur every three months. 
Trimethylamine (tri-meth'il-am-een) or Trime- 
thyl'ia. C3H9N. Volatile alkaline liquid prepared 
from the same source as propylamin and isomeric 
with it; is found in cod-liver oil. Ptomaine obtained 
from putrefactive decomposition of certain bodies, as 
fish, from ergot, from certain weeds, cod-liver oil, etc. 
It has been used in acute articular rheumatism ; also 
as an antipyretic and in gout, and externally in form 
1109 
TRISMUS 
of a liniment in chronic rheumatism. The hydro- 
chlorate is the salt employed. Dose, gr. iij-x. See 
Ptomaines (table). 
Trimethylami'ni. hydrochlo'ras. Hydrochlorate 
of trimethylamine. See Trimethylamine. 
Trimethylenediamine, tri-meth-il-een-di'am-een. 
C3H10N2. Poisonous ptomaine from culture of the 
comma bacillus on beef-broth. 
Trimethylethylene, tri-meth-il-eth'il-een. Pental. 
Trimethylglycine, tri-meth-il-glis'een. See Betaine. 
Trimethylxanthin, tri-meth-il-zan'thin. Caffeine. 
Trineu'ral fascic'ulus. Solitary bundle of fibres 
in upper portion of spinal cord and medulla oblon- 
gata, connected with the roots of the vagus and glosso- 
pharyngeal nerves. 
Trinitrin, tri-ni'trin. Nitroglycerin. 
Trinitroglycerin tri-ni-tro-glys'er-in. Nitroglyc- 
erin. 
Trinitrophenic (tri-ni-tro-fe'nik) ac'id. Picric 
acid. 
Trinitrophenol, tri-ni-tro-fee'nol. Picric acid. 
Triocephalia, tre-o-sef-al'e-ah. Aprosopia. See Tri- 
encephalus. 
Triocephalus, tre-o-sef'al-us. Triencephalus. 
Trional, tre'o-nal. Diethylsulphone methylethyl- 
methane. Allied in composition to sulphonal; hyp- 
notic. 
Trior'chid (tri, orchis, testicle). Having three tes- 
ticles. 
Triorchis, tre-or'kis (tri, orchis, testicle). One who 
has three testicles. 
Triosteosper'mum. Triosteum. 
Trios'teum (tri, osteon, bone, in allusion to the three 
bony nuts). Bastard ipecacuanha, Fever root, Fever- 
wort, Tinker's weed, Horse ginseng or gentian, Ipecac, 
Wild coffee, White ginseng, Gentian, White gentian, 
Sweet bitter ; ord. Caprifoliaceae. Indigenous; cathar- 
tic in doses of twenty or thirty grains; sometimes 
operates as a diuretic, also as an emetic. T. angus- 
tifo'lium, T. minus, has similar virtues. 
Tripal'mitin. Solid fat, forming an ingredient of 
olive oil, being in combination with oleic acid, of 
which last olive oil is largely composed. 
Tripharmacum, tre-iarm'ak-um (tri, pharmakon, 
medicine). A medicine composed of three ingre- 
dients. 
Trip'ier's amputa'tion. Modification of subas- 
tragaloid amputation of the foot by leaving the upper 
part of the calcaneum, which is sawn through on a level 
with the sustentaculum tali and at right angles to the 
axis of the leg; external incisions are made as in Cho- 
part's amputation. 
Triple phosphate, trip'l fos'fate. See Calculi, 
urinary. 
Trip'let (triplex, triple). One of three children 
born at the same accouchement or gestation. T. 
mon'sters, such as have parts of the body tripled; a 
rare condition. 
Triploblastic, trip-1 o-blas'tik (triplex, triple, blastos, 
germ). Having three germ-layers. 
Triplo'pia (triplex, triple, ops, eye). Triple vision. 
Tri'pod, vi'tal (tri, pous, foot). The heart, lungs, 
and brain have been so called, as their united action 
is necessary for the maintenance of life. 
Trip'oli sen'na. See Senna. 
Trip'olite or Trip'olith. Substance used in fixa- 
tion dressings ; applied in the same manner as plaster- 
of-Paris dressing. 
Trip'sis (rubbing). Contusion; trituration. 
Tripudiatio (trip-u-de-ah'she-o) spas'tica (tripudio, 
to leap, to dance). Chorea. 
Tri/pus (tripod) coeli'acus or Hal'leri. See Coeliac 
artery. 
Triquetra (trik'et-rah) os'sa (trigwetrws, three-cor- 
nered). Wormian bones. 
Triq'uetrum (os). Cuneiform bone. 
Tris'mus (trizo, to gnash). Masticatory spasm of 
the face; Locked jaw. Spastic closure of the under 
jaw, a partial tetanus, arising from erethism of the 
masticatory or motor branch of the fifth pair of 
nerves. T. nascentium or neonatorum, Nine-day fits, TRISPLANCH N IA 
attacking infaqtp during the two weeks from birth, 
and T. traumaticus, originating from a wound, are 
sometimes described. T. capistra'tus, bredissure. 
T. catarrha'lis maxilla'ris, neuralgia of the jaw. 
T. clon'icus, neuralgia faciei. T. cyn'icus, see Ca- 
nine laugh. T. dias'trophe Sauvages'ii, paralysis, 
Bell's. T. dolorif'icus, neuralgia faciei. T. max- 
illa'ris, neuralgia faciei. T. nascen'tium, see Tris- 
mus. T. neonato'rum, see Trismus. T. sardon'icus, 
risus sardonicus. T., traumat'ic, the sequence of a 
wound or injury. 
Trisplanchnia, tre-splank'ne-ah (tri, splanchnon, 
viscus). Cholera. 
Trisplanchnic, tri-splank'nik. Applied to the sym- 
pathetic system because of its relation to the viscera of 
the great cavities. T. nerve, Great sympathetic, Inter- 
costal, Ganglionic or Vertebral nerve, Nerve of organic 
life, System of organic life, Nervous automatic system of 
functions, Organic nervous system. Termed trisplanch- 
nic because of its distribution to the organs in the 
three great splanchnic cavities-the cranium, chest, 
and abdomen. It is composed of ganglia united by 
intermediate branches, passing along the side of the 
spine to the lowest part of the trunk, communicating 
by a branch with each of the thirty pairs of spinal 
nerves and several of the cerebral nerves, and de- 
taching nerves from its several ganglia which accom- 
pany the arteries and are distributed particularly to 
the organs of involuntary functions. At its upper 
part it is concealed in the carotic canal and cav- 
ernous sinus, and is joined there by a branch of the 
6th pair of nerves and by a twig from the Vidian 
nerve of the 5th pair. It forms three ganglions in 
the neck-the superior, middle (thyroid ganglion), and 
inferior (vertebral ganglion); twelve in the back, the 
thoracic; five in the loins, the lumbar; and three or 
four sacral. It unites at the coccyx with its fellow 
from the opposite side, forming a small ganglion-the 
coccygeal, ganglion impar, or azygous ganglion. The 
great sympathetic is a distinct nervous system, sup- 
plying the organs of involuntary motion; for, al- 
though communicating with both brain and spinal 
marrow, it does not seem to be immediately under 
the influence of either. Its special functions are not 
yet well understood. 
Trisplanchnitis, tre-splank-ne'tis (trisplanchnic, 
itis). Spasmodic cholera. 
Trissa'go. Teucrium chamaedrys. T. palus'tris, 
Teucrium scordium. 
Trister'nal bone. Third portion of the sternum, 
corresponding to the third intercostal space. 
Tristima'nia (tristis, sad, mania). Melancholy. 
Tristitia, tris-tish'e-ah (tristis, sad). Despondency ; 
prostration of spirits; melancholy. 
Tritseophy'a America'na. Yellow fever. 
Tritseoph'yes or Tritseophya, trit-e-of'e-ah (tritseus, 
tertian, phue, form). Fever whose type approaches 
the tertian. 
Tritseus, trit-e'us. Tertian fever. 
Triticeoglossus, trit-is-e-o-glos'sus. An aberrant 
muscle occasionally arising from the cartilago triticea 
in the lateral thyrohyoid ligaments, and finding its 
point of insertion in the side of the tongue. 
Trit'ici fari'na. Wheat-flour. See Triticum. 
Trit'icin. Principle derived from triticum, espe- 
cially T. repens. 
Triticum sestivum, trit'ik-um ees-te'vum (tero, to 
thrash). Summer wheat, Winter wheat. Ord. Graminese. 
From these plants wheaten flour is obtained by grind- 
ing the seeds-wheat. Bread mixed with milk consti- 
tutes the ordinary emollient poultice, and the crumbs 
of bread, micse panis, are a common excipient for pills 
and boluses. Mica panis, bread-crumb, has been offici- 
nal in the British Pharmacopoeia, and is used as an 
ingredient of cataplasma carbonis. T. arven'se, T. 
repens. T. cerea'le, T. aestivum. T. ceval'los, T. resti- 
vum. T. compac'tum, T. aestivum. T. erina'ceum, 
Triticum aestivum. T. fa'ginum, Polygonum fagopy- 
rum. T. Gaertneria'num, T. aestivum. T. glau'cum, 
see T. sestivum and T. repens. T. hyber'num, see T. 
sestivum. T. Linnaea'num, T. aestivum. T. mu'ticum, 
1110 
TROCHES 
see T. xstivum. T. pruino'sum, T. aestivum. T. re'- 
pens, Grass, Dog-grass, Couch-grass, Quickens, Twitch- 
grass; the roots are sweet, and possess aperient and 
diuretic properties. Used in genito-urinary irritation 
and inflammation. Triticum (Ph. U. S.) is the rhi- 
zome of T. repens; dose of fluid extract, f,5j. Used 
in cystitis. T. sic'ulum, T. hybernum. T. spel'ta, 
see Alica. 
Tritio, trish'e-o (tero, to rub, to grind). Contrition ; 
trituration. 
Tri'ton palus'tris (Triton, the sea deity). See 
Ectozoa. 
Trito'rium (tero, to wear away). Infundibulum. 
Tritubercular, tri-tu-bur'ku-lar. Having three 
cusps or prominences. 
Tritura, trit-u'rah. Contrition ; trituration. 
Trituratio elaterini, trit-u-rah'she-o el-at-er-e'ne. 
Mix thoroughly ten parts of elaterin with ninety 
parts of sugar of milk (Ph. U. S.). Dose gr. 
Tritura'tion (tero, to rub or grind). The act of re- 
ducing a substance to powder. According to the U. S. 
Pharmacopoeia, triturations-Triturationes-are to be 
made as follows : Take ten parts of the drug to be in- 
corporated into trituration, reduce to moderately fine 
powder; to this add about equal bulk of sugar of 
milk, then by means of a spatula triturate them thor- 
oughly together. Add fresh portions of sugar of 
milk until all is used, and continue to triturate until 
the drug is intimately mixed with sugar of milk. 
See Contrition. 
Tri'tus. Contrition; trituration. 
Triv'alent (tri, three, valeo, to be worth). Element 
having an atomicity equivalent to three atoms of 
hydrogen. 
Tri'valve speculum, spek'u-lum. An instrument 
having three blades used for exploration of the va- 
gina and cervix uteri. 
Triven'ter (tri, venter, belly). Trigastric. 
Trocar, tro'kar. Trochar. An instrument used for 
evacuating fluids from cavities, particularly in ascites, 
hydrocele, etc. It consists of a perforator or stylet 
and a canula, so adapted to the perforator that when 
the puncture is made both enter the wound with 
facility, after which, the stylet being withdrawn, the 
canula remains in the cavity and affords the fluid a 
ready passage outward. 
Troch, troke (trochos, a wheel). Trochiscus. 
Trochanter, tro-kan'ter (trochao, to run or roll). 
Anatomists have given the names great and small 
trochanter to two processes at the upper extremity 
of the femur. The great trochanter is the one on 
the outside; the small trochanter is lower down and 
more internal. Both afford attachment to rotator 
muscles of the thigh, and hence their name. Chaus- 
sier used the term trochanter for the larger and tro- 
chantin for the smaller process. 
Trochanterian, tro-kan-te're-an. Eelating to the 
great trochanter. 
Trochan'tin. See Trochanter. 
Trochantinian, tro-kan-tin'e-an. Eelating to the 
trochantin or lesser trochanter. 
Trochar, tro'kar. Trocar. 
Troche (troke) or Troch, troke. See Troches, Tro- 
chisci, and Trochiscus. 
Troches, trokes. Gummy pellets or disks made 
in such manner from sugar and acacia as to dissolve 
slowly in the mouth; used as a means of carrying 
medicinal agents. T. of bicar'bonate of so'dium, tro- 
chisci sodii bicarbonatis. T. of bis'muth, trochisci 
bismuthi. T. of car'bonate of lime, trochisci car- 
bonatis calcis. T. of cat'echu, trochisci catechu. T. 
of chalk, trochisci carbonatis calcis. T. of chlo'rate 
of pot'ash, trochisci potassii chloratis, T. of chloride 
of ammonium. T. of cu'bebs, trochisci cubebae. T., 
escharot'ic, trochisci escharotici. T. of gin'ger, tro- 
chisci zingiberis. T., gum, trochisci gummosi. T. of 
gum ar'abic, trochisci acaciae. T. of ipecacuan'ha, 
trochisci ipecacuanhas. T. of iron, subcar'bonate of, 
trochisci ferri subcarbonatis. T. of lactuca'rium, 
trochisci lactucarii. T., lic'orice, trochisci glycyr- 
rhizae. T. of lic'orice with o'pium, trochisci glycyr- TROCHIA 
rhizae cum opio. T. of magne'sia, trochisci magnesiae. 
T. of mor'phia, trochisci morphias. T. of mor'phia 
and Ipecacuanha, trochisci morphias et ipecacuanhas. 
T., ni'tre, trochisci nitratis potassii. T. of pep'per- 
mint, trochisci menthae piperitas. T. of san'tonin, 
trochisci santonini. T. of tan'nic acid, trochisci acidi 
tannici. T. of tartar'ic acid, trochisci acidi tar- 
tarici. 
Trochia, trok'e-a (trochia, the rut of a wheel). 
Orbit. 
Trochilia, trok-il'e-ah. Trochlea. 
Trochinian, trok-in'e-an. Relating to the smaller 
tuberosity of the humerus. 
Troch'inus. The smaller tuberosities of the upper 
extremity of the humerus are so called. 
Trochis'ci. See Trochiscus. T. aca'ciae, Troches or 
Lozenges of gum arabic (acac., amyli, j ; sac- 
char., ibj ; rose-water, q. s. to form lozenges); to allay 
cough. T. ac'idi benzo'ici (Ph. Br.) (benzoic acid, 
gr. ccclx; refined sugar, acacia, ,5.j ; mucilage 
of acacia, f ij ; distilled water, q. s. to make 720 
lozenges, each containing half a grain of benzoic acid). 
T. ac'idi tan'nici, Tannic acid or Tannin lozenges (U. 
S. Ph.) (tannic acid, gr. 100; sugar, gr. 1000; traga- 
canth, gr. 25; orange-flower water, q. s. to make 100 
troches). The British Pharmacopoeia directs that loz- 
enges of tannic acid shall be made up with sugar, gum 
acacia, and tincture of Tolu, each lozenge containing 
tannic acid gr. |; dose, 1 to 6 lozenges. T. ac'idi tar- 
tar'ici, Troches of tartaric acid (acid, tartaric., 3ij ; sac- 
char., §viij ; ol. limon., > for,u into troches with 
mucilage); refrigerant and demulcent. T. ammo'niae, 
Trochisci ammonite, Ammonia lozenges (ammon. muriat., 
3iss; morphiee muriat., gr. iij ; ulmi, acaciae, sacchar., 
extract, glycyrrhiz., aa 3vij ; tinct. Tolut., 3iij ; ol. 
gaultheriae, gtt. iv; syrup, q. s.; to be made into 
lozenges). T. ammo'nii chlo'ridi (Ph. U. S.), 
Troches of chloride of ammonium (chloride of am- 
monium, gr. 200; sugar, gr. 1000; tragacanth, gr. 
25; syrup of Tolu, q. s. to make 100 troches). 
T. Bech'ici ni'gri, T. glycyrrhizae glabrae. T. 
hismu'thi, Bismuth lozenges or .troches (bismuth, 
alb., gr. 1440; magnes. carb., calcis carb, 
praecip., ; sacchar. purif., ; acaciae 
pulv., ; mucilag. acaciae, f ; aquae rosae, q. s.; 
to be divided into 720 lozenges) (Ph. Br.). T. car- 
bona'tis cal'cis, Troches or Lozenges of carbonate of 
lime or chalk, Lozenges for heartburn (cret. praep., 
acaciae, ; myrist., 3j ; sacch., §vj ; aquae, q. s.; 
to be formed into troches); antacid and absorbent. 
T. cat'echu (Ph. U. S.), Catechu lozenges (catechu, 
gr. 100; sacchar., gr. 1000; tragacanth, gr. 25; 
aquae aurantii flor., q. s. to make 100 troches). 
T. cre'tse (Ph. U. S.) (prepared chalk, gr. 400; acaciae, 
gr. 100; nutmeg, gr. 15; sugar, gr. 600; water, q. s. 
to make mass; divide into 100 troches). T. cubeb'ae 
(Ph. U. S.), Troches of cubeb (oleoresin of cubeb., gr. 
15; oil of sassafras, gr. 15; extract of glycyrrhiza, 
gr. 400; acaciae, gr. 200 ; syrup of Tolu, q. s. to make 
100 troches); excitant; in relaxed sore throat, etc. 
T. escharot'ici, Escharotic troches (hydrarg. oxymur., 
p. 8; amyli, p. 16; mucilag. g. tragac., q. s.; make 
into troches, to which a few drops of laudanum may 
be added); used in foul ulcers to remove excres- 
cences, etc. T. escharot'ici de min'io (plumbi oxid. 
Tubr., p. 16; hydrarg. oxymur., p. 32; mic. panis, p. 
128; aq. rosae, q. s.); used like the last. T. fer'ri 
(Ph. U. S.), Troches or Lozenges of iron (hydrated ox- 
ide of iron, gr. 500; vanilla, gr. 10; sugar, gr. 1500; 
mucilage of tragacanth, q. s. to form 100 troches); 
tonic. T. fer'ri redac'ti, Reduced iron lozenges (ferri 
redact., gr. dccxx; sacchar. purificat., §xxv ; acaciae, 
; mucilag. acaciae, ; aquae destillat., or q. 
s.; Ph. B.). The British Pharmacopoeia directs that 
these lozenges shall be made from reduced iron, sugar, 
and gum acaciae, each lozenge containing gr. 1 of re- 
duced iron. T. glycyrrhi'zae, Licorice troches or loz- 
enges, Black pectoral lozenges (ext. glyc. glabr., gum. 
acac., aa p. j ; sacch. purif., p. ij); demulcent; to 
allay cough. T. glycyrrhi'zae et o'pii (Ph. U. S.), 
Licorice troches with opium, Wistar's lozenges (extract of 
1111 
TROCHISCI 
glycyrrhiza, gr. 200; extract of opium, gr. 5; acaciae, 
gr. 200; sugar, gr. 300; oil of anise, gr. 3; to form 
100 troches); demulcent and anodyne. Spitta's loz- 
enges for coryza, hoarseness, and sore throat are com- 
posed as follows: Cubeb, recent, in pulv., o ij ; extract, 
glycyrrhiz., 3,j ; myroxyl., 3j ; acaciae, 3iv; syrup., 
q. s.; make into troches of 10 grains each. T. gum- 
mo'si, Gum troches (g. acac., p. v; amyli, p. j ; sacch. 
pur., p. xij ; aquae rosae, q. s.); demulcent. T. ipe- 
cacuan'hae (Ph. U. S.), Ipecacuanha lozenges, Troches of 
ipecac (ipecac, gr. 25; tragacanth, gr. 25; sugar, gr. 
1000; syrup of orange, q. s. to make 100 lozenges). 
The British Pharmacopoeia directs these lozenges to 
be so prepared that they will contain gr. | of ipecac- 
uanha. T. krame'rise (Ph. U. S.), Troches of krame- 
ria (extract of krameria, gr. 100; sugar, gr. 1000; 
tragacanth, gr. 25; orange-flower water, q. s. to make 
100 troches). T. lactuca'rii, Troches of lactucarium 
(prepared from lactucarium in the same proportion 
and manner as the opium lozenges. Each loz- 
enge contains between the fifth and sixth of a 
grain of lactucarium. T. magne'siae (Ph. U. S.), 
Troches of magnesia (magnesia, gr. 300; nutmeg, gr. 
15; sugar, gr. 900; mucilage of tragacanth, q. s. to 
make 100 troches); useful in acidity of the stomach 
with constipation. T. men'thae piperi'tae (Ph. 
U. S.), Troches of peppermint (oil of peppermint, 
gr. 15; sugar, gr. 1200; mucilage of acaciae, q. s.; 
divide into 100 troches); used as a carminative. T. 
mor'phiae et ipecacuan'hae (Ph. U. S.), Troches of 
morphia and ipecac, Morphia and ipecac lozenges (sul- 
phate of morphine, gr. 5; ipecac, gr. 16; sugar, gr. 
2000; oil of gaultheria, gr. 2; mucilage of traga- 
canth, q. s.; divide into 100 troches); used to allay 
cough; anodyne. T. morphi'nse (Ph. Br.) (morph, hy- 
drochlorat., gr. xx; tinct. Tolu, f^ss; sacchar. purifl- 
cat., ; acaciae, ; mucilag. acaciae, q. s.; aquae 
destillat., fgss ; divide into 720 lozenges). T. nitra'tis 
potas'sii, Nitre troches (potassii nitrat., p. j ; sacch. 
pur., p. iij ; mucilag. tragacanth, q. s.); in slight in- 
flammatory sore throat and fever. T. o'pii (extract 
of opium, tincture of Tolu, sugar, gum acacia, and 
extract of licorice). Each lozenge contains gr. of 
extract of opium, which, according to B. P. standard, 
should represent gr. -fa of morphine. T. pectora'les, 
Jackson's pectoral lozenges. The following formula 
was proposed by the late Professor Jackson of the 
University of Pennsylvania: Ipecac., gr. x; antim. sul- 
phur. praecip., gr. v ; morphias muriat., gr. vj ; acaciae, 
sacchar., ext. glycyrrhiz., aa 3xj ; tinct. Tolut., 5iv ; 
ol. sassaf., gtt. iv; to be made with syrup into 200 
lozenges, or into lozenges of ten grains each. T. pec- 
tora'les re'gis Dano'rum, T. glycyrrhiz® cum opio. 
T. potas'sii chlora'tis (Ph. U. S.), Troches of chlorate 
of potassium or potassa, Chlorate of potash lozenges 
(chlorate of potassium, gr. 5; sugar, gr. 1900; traga- 
canth, gr. 100; spirit of lemon, gr. 10; water, q. s.; 
divide into 100 troches) ; used in affections of the 
throat and fauces. According to the British Pharma- 
copoeia, these lozenges are to be prepared of potassium 
chlorate, sugar, and gum acacia, each lozenge con- 
taining gr. v of potassium chlorate. T. santoni'ni, 
Troches of Santonin. These lozenges, according to 
British Pharmacopoeia, are to be prepared with san- 
tonin, sugar, and gum acacia; each lozenge contain- 
ing gr. 1 of santonin. T. sedati'vo-balsam'ica, T. 
glycyrrhiz® cum opio. T. so'dii bicarbona'tis (Ph. 
U. S.), troches of bicarbonate of sodium or soda, bi- 
carbonate of sodium lozenges or troches (bicarbonate 
of sodium, gr. 300; sugar, gr. 900; nutmeg, gr. 15; 
mucilage of tragacanth, q. s.; divide into 100 troches). 
These lozenges, according to British Pharmacopoeia, 
are to be prepared with sodium bicarbonate, sugar, 
gum acacia, and water; each lozenge containing gr. 
v of sodium bicarbonate. T. so'dii santonina't's 
(Ph. U. S.), troches of santoninate of sodium (san- 
toninate of sodium, gr. 100; sugar, gr. 2000; traga- 
canth, gr. 50; orange-flower water, q. s.; divide into 
100 troches); used for round worms. T. stibia'ti, 
tabell® antimoniales Kunckelii. T. theba'ici, T. 
glycyrrhiz® cum opio. T. zingib'eris, Troches of TROCHISCUS 
ginger (tincture of ginger, gr. 200; tragacanth, gr.50; 
sugar, gr. 2000; tragacanth, q. s.; syrup of ginger, 
q. s.; divide into 100 troches). 
Trochls'cus (dim. of Trochos, a wheel, anything 
circular). A troch or round table. See Pastil and 
Tabella. A solid medicine prepared of powders, in- 
corporated by means of mucilage, crumb of bread, 
juices of plants, etc.; adapted for the purpose of 
allowing the medicines of which the troch is com- 
posed to dissolve slowly in the mouth and to pass 
gradually into the stomach. See Trochisci. 
Trochiter, trok'it-ur (troehao, to turn). The greater 
tuberosity at the upper extremity of the os humeri, 
affording insertion to rotary muscles. 
Trochiterian, tro-kit-e're-an. Anything belonging 
or relating to the trochiter. 
Troch'lea (troehao, to turn). A pulley. T. articu- 
la'ris, smooth grooved surface at the end of certain 
bones over which its articulating fellow glides. T. as- 
trag'alus, broad, smooth surface of the astragalus for 
articulation with the tibia. T. cartilagin'ea, cartilag- 
inous portion of inferior calcaneoscaphoid ligament. 
T. of the fe'mur, continuation of condyles in front, 
forming a smooth surface at lower end of femur over 
which the patella glides. T. humera'lis, the articular 
surface at the lower extremity of the os humeri. It 
forms a kind of pulley on which the ulna moves in 
flexion and extension of the forearm. T. labyrin'thi, 
cochlea. T. of supe'rior oblique mus'cle, the carti- 
laginous pulley over which the tendon of the troch- 
learis muscle passes at the upper and inner part of 
the orbit. 
Trochlese digitorum, trok'le-e dij-it-o'rum. Fibro- 
cartilages of the fingers. 
Trochlear, trok'le-ar. Pertaining to a pulley or 
trochlea. T. fos'sa, depression in orbital surface of 
frontal bone for attachment of trochlea of superior 
oblique muscle. T. nerve, fourth or pathetic nerve. 
T. spine, small tubercle on orbital surface of frontal 
bone, to which pulley of superior oblique muscle is 
occasionally attached. T. sur'face of hu'merus, ar- 
ticular surface at lower end of the humerus, on which 
the ulna moves. 
Trochlearis, trok-le-ah'ris. Obliquus superior 
oculi. Also, relating to the trochlea. 
Trochlea'tor. Trochlear nerve. 
Trochocephalous, trok-o-sef'al-us. Spherical or 
rounded appearance of the head, due to partial union 
of the parietal and frontal bones by osseous mate- 
rial. 
Trochoginglymus, trok-o-gin'glim-us. Articulation 
having a pivot- and hinge-joint. 
Trochoid, tro'koid (trochos, a wheel, eidos, resem- 
blance). An articulation in which one bone turns 
upon another like a wheel upon its axle, as the 
atloido-axoid articulation. 
Trochoi'des. Pivot-joint. 
Trokanter, tro-kan'tur. Trochanter. 
Trokante'rian. Trochanterian. 
Trokantin'ian. Trochantinian. 
Troll'ius lax'us. Globeflower, ord. Ranunculacete ; 
indigenous; has the same medical properties as the 
ranunculus. 
Trbltsch, cor'puscles of. Corpuscles imbedded 
between the fibres of the two layers making up the 
middle fibrous layer of the membrana tympani, 
analogous to the corpuscles of the cornea. 
Trom'mer's test. A test for the presence of grape- 
sugar, as in urine. To the liquid to be tested add one- 
third of its volume of liquor potassse and a few drops 
of ten-per-cent, cupric sulphate solution; boil, and, if 
glucose be present, a reddish-yellow turbidity ap- 
pears, due to precipitation of cuprous oxide. See 
Urine, examination of. 
Tromoma'nia (tromos, tremor, mania'). Delirium 
tremens. 
Tromoparanoea, tro-mo-par-an-e'ah (tromos, par- 
anoia, mental delusion). Delirium tremens. 
Tro'mos. Paralysis agitans. Tremor. 
Tromospas'mus (tromos, spasmos, spasm). Tremor. 
Tro'mus (tromos). Paralysis agitans. Tremor. 
1112 
TRUE 
Trona, tro'nah. Native sesquicarbonate of sodium, 
of Egyptian or North African origin. 
Tropse'olin. Coal-tar derivative, of deep-yellow 
color, belonging to aniline group; used as a dye and 
as a test for the presence of free acid in the contents 
of the stomach. 
Tropseolum (trop-e'o-lum) ma'jus (tropaion, a 
trophy, the leaves resembling a buckler). Indian 
cress, ord. Geraniacese. An antiscorbutic. T. tuber- 
o'sum, Ulluco, a tuberous plant, smaller than the 
potato, cultivated in the Sierras, Peru. 
Tropeines, tro'pe-eens. Chemical compounds 
formed by replacement of a tropic-acid molecule by 
a molecule of another acid. 
Trophalis, trof'al-is (trophe, nourishment). Colos- 
trum. 
Trophe, tro'fe. Aliment; pabulum; nourishment. 
Trophesy, trof'es-e. A name proposed for the re- 
sults of disorder of the nerve-force of a motor order, 
regulating nutrition. 
Trophi, tro'fe (trophe, nourishment). Parts of the 
mouth in insects employed in receiving and preparing 
the food. 
Trophic, trof'ik. Trophical. 
Trophical, trof'ik-al (trophe). Trophic. Relating 
to nourishment or nutrition. T. cen'tres, those giv- 
ing rise to trophic nerves or regulating the nutrition 
of nerves. T. fi/bres, nerve-fibres supposed to regu- 
late nutrition of the area to which they are distrib- 
uted. T. nerves, Motor spinal nerves; the organic 
nerves of the sympathetic system, from the belief that 
they are concerned in nutrition. T. neuro'ses, dis- 
eases supposed to be due to derangement of trophic 
nerves. 
Trophimus, trof'im-us. Nutritious. 
Trophodes, trof-o'dees (trophe, nourishment). Nu- 
tritious. 
Trophology, trof-ol'o-je. Science of nutrition. 
Trophoneuroses, trof-o-nu-ro'sees (trophe, nourish- 
ment, neurosis). Morbid conditions of the process of 
nutrition owing to modified nervous influence. 
Trophonosi, trof-on'o-se (trophe, nourishment, 
nosos, disease). Diseases of nutrition. 
Trophopathy, trof-op'ath-e. Disease of nutrition. 
Trophoplasts, trof'o-plasts. Minute bodies situate 
in protoplasm ; nutritional in function. 
Trophy, trof'e (trophe, nourishment or nutrition). 
Suffix, as in hypertrophy, excess of nourishment or 
nutrition. 
Tropic (trop'ik) acid. Derivative of atropine, 
formed by boiling with hydrochloric acid or with 
baryta-water. 
Trop'ical chloro'sis. Anchylostomiasis. 
Tropidine, trop-id'een. Product of decomposition 
of atropine by hydrochloric acid. 
Tropine, tro'peen. Strong crystallizable mono-acid 
base formed by decomposition of atropine with hydro- 
chloric acid or with baryta-water. 
Troponu'si (trope, the solstitial or tropical point 
where the sun turns or alters its course, nousos, dis- 
ease). Diseases that prevail in the tropics. 
Tros'ter. See Spirit. 
Trousseau's (troos'so's) phenomenon. T.'s sign. 
T.'s sign or symp'tom, paroxysm artificially pro- 
duced in tetanus by pressure upon the larger arteries 
and nerves of the arm. T.'s spots, red spots appear- 
ing upon the skin after mechanical irritation, due to 
reflex action. 
Trubs. Lycoperdon tuber. 
Truculentus, truk-u-len'tus (trux, ferocious). 
Homicidal. 
Trudge'backed. See Hump. 
True. Functionally perfect, having reference to 
organsortissues. T. car'tilage, hyaline cartilage. T. 
cor'pus lu'teum, corpus luteum of pregnancy. T. 
lig'aments of blad'der, two lateral, two anterior 
ligaments, and remains of urachus acting as a liga- 
ment. T. moTar teeth, twelve largest teeth of per- 
manent set. T. pel'vis, part of pelvic cavity situate 
beneath ilio-pectineal line. T. pep'tone, tryptone. 
T. ribs, those connected with the spine and sternum. TRUELOVE 
T. skin, corium. T. su'ture, one articulating by dove- 
tails. T. ver'tebrae, those having individual motion 
throughout life. T. vo'cal cords, those concerned in 
production of voice. 
True'love. Paris; Trillium latifolium. 
Truffle (pron. troo'f'l). Lycoperdon tuber. T., 
Hart's, Elaphomyces granulatus. 
Trum'pet creep'er. Tecoma radicans. T. flow'er, 
T. radicans. T. hon'eysuckle, Lonicera sempervirens. 
T. leaf, Sarracenia flava. T. weed, Eupatorium pur- 
pureum. 
Trun'cated. Deprived of limbs. 
Truncus, trunk'us. Trunk. 
Trunk. The principal part of the body, to which 
the limbs are articulated. The trunk has been 
divided into three parts: a superior or head; a mid- 
dle or thorax, and an inferior or pelvis. These three 
regions contain the great splanchnic cavities; they 
are united by the vertebral column. To the middle 
are articulated the superior extremities, and to the 
inferior the lower extremities. The trunk of an ar- 
tery, vein, nerve, or lymphatic is its largest part, 
which has not yet given off branches. Also applied 
to the parent vessel after branches have been sent off. 
Truss ([F.] trousser, to tie up). Instrument or 
hernial bandage for keeping hernia reduced. A good 
truss should make equable and continuous pressure 
on the aperture of the sac, and yield to the change 
of form in the abdominal parietes. The most import- 
ant part of these bandages is a narrow, flat steel 
spring, adapted to the shape of the body. It em- 
braces the body on the affected side, extends from 
beyond the spine, and terminates, opposite the rup- 
tured part, by an iron plate, to which it is riveted. 
The posterior surface of this plate is furnished with a 
convex pad adapted in shape and size to the aperture 
which it has to close. The spring is covered with 
leather, and its inner surface is padded; a strap, 
pierced with numerous holes, which allows the patient 
to tighten or slacken it at pleasure, extends from its 
posterior extremity, passes round the sound side, and 
is attached to the plate of the pad. 
Trygodes, trig-o'dees (trux, lees). Feculent. 
Trypanon, trip'an-on. Trephine. 
Trypesis, trip-a'sis (trupao, to bore). Trephining. 
Trypsin, trip'sin. Ferment of pancreatic juice 
acting upon proteids and converting them into pep- 
tone and other substances. See Ferments and Enzymes. 
Trypsinogen, trip-sin'o-jen. Precursor of trypsin. 
Trypsis, trip'sis (truo, to rub). Friction. 
Tryptic, trip'tik. Pertaining to trypsin. 
Tryptone, trip'tone. Substance produced by ac- 
tion of trypsin upon proteids. 
Tsaraath. True leprosy, so called by the Jews. 
Tsa-tsin. Rhynchosia excavata. 
Tscherbet, shur-bet'. Sherbet. 
Tsetse. Glossina morsitans. 
T-shaped bron'chi. Bronchi bifurcating at nearly 
right angles to the bronchus from which they arise. 
Tsiana, se-an'ah. Costus. 
Tsitla, sit'la. S. African root of the Araceae family, 
containing a large quantity of sweet-tasted starch; 
not an unpleasant article for food. 
Tsjampaca. Michelia champaca. 
Tu'ba (a trumpet). Tube. T. acus'tica, Eustachian 
tube. T. Aristotel'ica, Eustachian tube. T. cse'ca, 
Fallopian tube. T. Eusta'chii, Eustachian tube. T. 
Fallopia'na or uteri'na, Fallopian tube. T. voca'lis, 
vocal tube. 
Tu'bage. See Catheterismus. 
Tu'bal. Relating to a tube or tubes, and especially 
to the Fallopian tube. T. drop'sy, salpingian or Fal- 
lopian dropsy. T. nephri'tis, kidney, Bright's dis- 
ease of the. T. preg'nancy, see Pregnancy, tubal. T. 
respira'tion, see Murmur, respiratory. 
Tub'boe. Form of frambcesia or yaws attacking 
the feet. 
Tube. Name given to parts or canals which are 
hollow, having at times the shape of a trumpet. T., 
alimen,'tary, see Canal, alimentary. T., aud'itory, see 
Auditory canal, external. T. casts, microscopic casts or 
1113 
TUBERA TERR£ 
moulds of uriniferous tubes of kidney, observed in 
diseases of those organs. T. c., blood, those having 
blood-corpuscles entangled in coagulated fibrin. T. 
c., epithe'lial, those having epithelium entangled in 
albuminoid exudate. T. c., fatty, tube casts, oily. 
T. c., gran/ular, those composed of granular debris of 
degenerated epithelium or blood-cells. T. c., hy'aline, 
structureless, transparent, gelatinous moulds probably 
formed of coagulated fibrin. T. c., mu'cous, moulds 
of uriniferous tubule composed of mucus; not indica- 
tive of organic disease of kidney. T. c., oily or fatty, 
those loaded with oil drops, either free or in epithelial 
cells. T. c., wax'y, hyaline casts resembling molten 
wax. T. of the coch/lea, see Scalx of the cochlea. T., 
drain'age, perforated rubber tube introduced into 
wounds for the purpose of removing septic matter. 
T., drain'age, decal'cified, shaft of certain bones 
having the bone salts removed, used as a drainage- 
tube. T., enterot'omy, tube employed to prevent 
prolapse of the intestine after colotomy. T., Eusta'- 
chian, see Eustachian. T., Fallo'plan, Oviduct, Uterine 
tubes, Vector canal; a canal lined with columnar cili- 
ated epithelium situate in free margin of the broad 
ligament, extending from each superior angle of 
uterus to sides of brim of pelvis. Each tube is four 
or five inches in length; its canal is very minute, 
hardly admitting a fine bristle; near the uterus it is 
straight and very narrow, but in its course, widening, 
becomes tortuous, and terminates by a free expanded 
and fimbriated extremity. One of the fimbria*, is con- 
nected with the outer end of the ovary. These tubes 
establish a communication between the cavity of the 
peritoneum and that of the uterus, the abdominal ter- 
mination being called Ostium abclominale, internum, or 
oaricum; the uterine, Ostium uterinum, Apertura uterina. 
When the tube embraces the ovary a funnel-shaped 
cavity-carolla infundibuliformis-is formed at its ex- 
tremity, into which the ovule passes and is transmitted 
to the uterus. T., intes'tinal, canal, alimentary. T., 
intubation, tube introduced into the larynx during 
the operation of intubation. T., lithot'omy, T., peri- 
neal. T., cesophage'al, Stomach tube; a long elastic 
gum tube, capable of being passed into the oesophagus 
or stomach. T., perine'al, tube introduced, for the 
purpose of drainage, through the wound into the 
bladder after perineal section. T., pol'len, see Pollen. 
T., rectal, Defecation tube ; an elastic gum tube, sim- 
ilar to the stomach tube, which is sometimes passed 
into the colon, to remove air from that intestine or 
to enable enemata to be thrown up into it. T., stom'- 
ach, see Tube, oesophageal. T., trache'al, tube which 
is inserted into the trachea after tracheotomy, usually 
consisting of a canula within a canula, the inner of 
which may be removed and cleansed, while the outer 
retains its position. T., u'terine, T., Fallopian. T., 
vo'cal, the part of the air-passages above the infe- 
rior ligaments of the larynx, including the passages 
through the nose and mouth. 
Tu'ber (a bump or protuberance). Hump; tubercle. 
Fleshy stem or root-stock, usually containing starchy 
matter. T. annula're, pons Varolii. T. atlo'ido-oc- 
cipital'e, rectus capitis posticus minor. T. cal'cis, 
the posterior extremity of the os calcis. T. cervi'- 
num, Elaphomyces granulatus. T. ciba'rium, Lyco- 
perdon tuber. T. cine'reum, a grayish tubercle, seen 
at the base of the brain behind the commissure of the 
optic nerves, which is continuous with the infundib- 
ulum. T. cor'poris callo'si, see Corpus callosum. T. 
fronta'le, frontal protuberance. T. guloso'rum, Ly- 
coperdon tuber. T. gutturo'sum, bronchocele. T. 
is'chii, see Ischiatic. T. ischiotrochante'rium, quad- 
ratus femoris. T. maxil'lse, tuberosity of superior 
maxillary bone. T. ni'grum, Lycoperdon tuber. T. 
olfacto'rium, olfactory tubercle. T. omenta'le hep'- 
atis, tubercle on superior border of the lobe of liver 
opposite to upper curvature of stomach. T. omenta'le 
pancrea'tis, prominence on pancreas corresponding 
to lesser omentum. T. parieta'le, see Parietal bones. 
T. pell'agrae, pellagra. T. tym'pani, promontory of 
the tympanum. T. val'vulse, short commissure. 
Tu'bera ter'rae. Lycoperdon tuber. TUBERCLE 
Tubercle, tu'ber-k'l. Tuberculous deposit; a Kernel, 
a Knot. Tumor in the substance of organs from 
the production of new matter; sensation null; 
growth sluggish. In pathological anatomy the term 
is generally given to well-defined, roundish, non- 
vascular nodules which may reach the size of millet- 
seed, presenting at the periphery numbers of round 
cells like leucocytes, nearer the centre larger cells 
often called epithelioidal cells, and in more central 
parts one or more giant cells having numerous nuclei; 
the central part may appear opaque, due to caseous 
necrosis. The presence of these bodies in a tissue 
constitutes the condition of Tuberculosis, Tuberculiza- 
tion, Tuberculous disease, Morbus tuberculosis, Strumosis, 
Phymatosis pulmonum, or Dyscrasia tuberculosis. Tuber- 
cles may occur symmetrically in diverse organs as 
minute globular bodies, giving rise to a condition 
called Miliary tuberculosis, or as larger unsymmetrical 
lesions known as Local tuberculosis. There is usually 
a tendency to apposition of tubercles, with formation 
of larger nodules, which finally undergo cheesy ne- 
crosis, and it is then known as yellow tubercle in 
contradistinction to gray tubercle, which it is first 
called. Yellow tubercles tend to undergo liquefaction 
necrosis, and if possible to be discharged; if on ex- 
ternal parts, an ulcer may be formed; if in interior 
organs, a cavity results. Occasionally connective tissue 
is formed in these tubercles which holds cheesy ma- 
terial in its meshes. This is called fibrous tubercle. 
Tuberculosis is a form of inflammation resulting in an 
attempt of the system to eliminate the bacillus tubercu- 
losis. This being difficult, a chronic inflammation 
results, with first a tendency to regeneration, but 
which later, on account of poor blood-supply, termi- 
nates in degeneration. The first evidence of degen- 
eration is a peculiar form of karyokinesis in which 
nuclei of round cells divide and form giant cells. 
Next follows coagulation necrosis in the giant cells, 
which later become cheesy. Tuberculosis is pri- 
marily a local disease, but may become general, involv- 
ing all of the organs of the body. The lesions may 
become generalized in several ways: extension by 
continuity and contiguity, by lymph-paths, by blood, 
or by transmission through the agency of the fluids 
of the body. For description of the specific cause see 
Bacillus tuberculosis. Anatomically, a tubercle is a 
small prominence or projection usually on the surface 
of a bone. 
Tu'bercle, adduc'tor. Termination of the inner 
supracondylar line of the femur. T., anatomical, 
verruca necrogenica. T., black, melanosis. T., can'- 
cerous, of the face, lupus. T., carotid, anterior 
tubercle of the sixth vertebra. T., Chas'saignac's, 
anterior tubercle of sixth vertebra. T. of clavicle, 
conoid tubercle; rough eminence surmounting cora- 
coid process of scapula and giving attachment to co- 
noid ligament. T., colloid, tuberosity on posterior 
border of clavicle; see T. of clavicle. T. of cu'boid, 
eminence with convex facet for articulation with sesa- 
moid bone in tendon of peroneus longus. T., del'- 
toid, rough surface on anterior portion of clavicle. 
T. of felnur, prominence projecting from upper and 
front part of neck of femur at junction with great 
trochanter. T., genital, see Genital. T., infraglen'- 
oid, rough ridge beneath the glenoid fossa of the 
scapula. T., lac'rymal, rough surface on the superior 
maxillary bone. T., laminated, of cerebellum, 
nodule at anterior pointed termination of inferior 
vermiform process. T., Lis'franc's, T., scalene. T. 
of Low'er, see Lower, tubercle of. T., mam'millary, 
see Mammillary eminence. T., men'tal, rough sur- 
face on the body of the lower jaw. T., mu'cous, see 
Condyloma. T., ob'turator, two tubercles, inferior 
and superior, limiting the obturator groove of the 
pubic bone. T., op'tic, quadrigemina tubercula. T., 
pain'ful subcuta'neous, see Neuroma. T., pharyn- 
ge'al, rough surface on basilar process of the occipital 
bone for attachment of superior constrictor muscle of 
the pharynx. T., pter'ygoid, tubercle situate to the 
inner side of, and below, the Vidian canal on the 
sphenoid bone. T. of the quadra'tus, rough surface 
1114 
TU BERCU LOCI DI N 
on great trochanter of femur for attachment of quad- 
ratus muscle. T. of the ra'dius, rough surface for 
the extensor secundi internodii pollicis. T. of rib, 
eminence on posterior surface of the rib at junction of 
neck with shaft. T. of Rolan'do, tubercle formed 
by the blending of the lateral crescentic portions of 
the gray matter of the medulla oblongata with the 
fibres of the corpora restiformia. T., scalene', rough 
impression on first rib for scalenus anticus muscle. 
T. of scaph'oid of car'pus, eminence giving attach- 
ment to anterior annular ligament of wrist. T. of 
scaph'oid of tar'sus, eminence giving attachment 
to part of tibialis posticus. T., supraglen'oid, tu- 
bercle situate above the glenoid cavity of the scapula, 
for the long head of the biceps. T. of tib'ia, oblong 
elevation on anterior surfaces of tuberosities of tibia. 
T. of ul'na, prominence on coronoid process of ulna 
giving attachment to oblique ligament. T. of zygo'- 
ma, projection on anterior root giving attachment to 
external lateral ligament of jaw. 
Tu'bercles of the are'ola. See Mamma. T., creta'- 
ceous, see Cretaceous. T., ge'nial, prominent eleva- 
tions on internal surface of symphisis of inferior 
maxilla. T., mil'iary, see Tubercle. T., pearl'y, 
Sebaceous miliary tubercles, Follicular elevations; small 
collections of sebaceous matter in the sebaceous glands 
of ducts, often seen in the thin skin of the lower eye- 
lids, sometimes attaining an inconvenient size. T., 
seba'ceous mil'iary, T., pearly. 
Tubercula (tu-bur'ku-lah) (pl. of Tuberculum) 
Aran'tii. Tubercles of Arantius or Aranzi. Small emi- 
nence at the middle part of the convex edge of the 
semilunar valves of the pulmonary artery and aorta. 
T. are'olae, see Mamma. T. arthrit'ica, calculi, arth- 
ritic. T. cer'ebri, tubercles of the brain. T. doloro'- 
sa, small subcutaneous painful tumor on the nerves 
of the skin, chiefly about the joints; see Neuroma. 
T. gonorrho'ica, gonorrhoea impure. T. gumma'ta, 
see Gumma. T. hep'atis, tubercles of the liver. T. 
intestino'rum, tubercles of the intestines. T. mam- 
milla'ria, see Mammillary eminence. T. nervo'rum 
nodo'sa, nervous ganglions. T. par'va du'rse ma'- 
tris, glandulse Pacchioni. T. peritonse'i, tubercles of 
the peritonaeum. T. pulmo'num, see Phthisis pulmona- 
lis. T. quadrigem'ina, quadrigemina tubercula. 
Tubercular, tu-bur'ku-lar. Tuberculous, Tubercu- 
late, Tuberculated. Relating to tubercles or that 
formed by tubercles. T. bacillus, see Bacillus tuber- 
culosis. T. constitution or diath'esis, habit of body 
predisposing to tubercular phthisis. Tubercular or 
Tuberculous cachexia, Tuberculosis, Morbus tuberculosus, 
Dyscrasia tuberculosa, is the constitutional condition of 
one affected with tubercles. T. disease of the foot, 
fungus foot. T. matter, tubercle. T. phthi'sis, 
form of tuberculosis produced by the development 
of tubercles in the lungs. 
Tuberculate, tu-bur'ku-late. Tubercular. T. sar- 
co'ma of Ab'ernethy, tubercles firm, round, and clus- 
tering ; pea-sized ; yellowish or brownish-red; when 
large disposed to ulcerate and produce a painful, 
malignant, and often fatal sore. Found chiefly in the 
lymphatic glands of the neck; often simultaneously 
in other glands and organs. 
Tuber'culated. Tubercular. T. liv'er, cirrhosis. 
Tuber'culin. Koch's lymph. Yellowish liquid, glyc- 
erin extract of the cultures of the tubercle bacillus, 
suggested by Prof. Robert Koch, and used in diagno- 
sis of tuberculosis and as a remedy for tuberculosis of 
the lungs, joints, etc., being injected in weak solution, 
as one per cent., with all necessary precautions as to 
sterilizing, etc. See Bacillus tuberculosis. 
Tuberculi'num. Tuberculin. 
Tuberculitis, tu-bur-ku-le'tis. Inflammation of tu- 
bercle or of tubercular masses. 
Tuberculization, tu-bur-ku-li-za'shun. See Tuber- 
cle. 
Tuberculize, tu-bur'ku-lize. To become tubercu- 
lar. 
Tuberculo cinereo. Tubercle of Rolando. 
Tuberculoci'din. Proposed by Klebs as a substi- 
tute for tuberculin, being a preparation of the albu- TUBERCULOSIS 
mose, which he considers the active material in tu- 
berculin. 
Tuberculosis, tu-bur-ku-lo'sis. See Tubercle and 
Tubercular cachexia. T., dissem'inated, see Dissem- 
inated. T. laryn'gis et trache'se, phthisis laryngea. 
T. pulmo'num, phthisis pulmonalis. T. vertebra'- 
rum, vertebral disease. 
Tuberculotic (tu-bur-ku-lot'ik) or Tuber'culous, 
tu-ber'ku-lus. Tubercular. T. depos'it, tubercle. 
T. disease, see Tubercle. T. disease of the lungs, 
phthisis pulmonalis. T. dust, fine white or yellow 
minute points of tuberculous matter, occurring in 
profusion like dust. 
Tuberculum, tu-bur'ku-lum (dim. of Tuber). Tu- 
bercle. T. adeno'sum, molluscum contagiosum. T. 
atlan'tis anti'cum, prominence on anterior arch of 
atlas, giving attachment to longus colli muscle. T. 
atlan'tis posti'cum, prominence on posterior arch of 
atlas, taking place of spinous process of other verte- 
brae. T. calca'neum, tubercle of calcaneum. T. 
capit'uli fib'ulse latera'le, prominence on head of 
fibula giving rise to peroneus longus. T. carot'icum, 
carotid tubercle. T. cartilag'inis thyroi'dese, tri- 
angular prominence at upper border of thyroid car- 
tilage. T. cauda'tum, caudate lobe of liver. T. 
cine'reum, a mass of cineritious substance at the top 
of the calamus scriptorius; continuous with same 
substance in the cord, and on the sides with the cor- 
pus restiforme. T. col'li fem'oris infe'rius, tubercle 
of femur. T. col'li fem'oris supe'rius, prominence at 
upper end of intertrochanteric line. T. cos'tae, costal 
tubercles. T. cunea'tum, protuberence in median 
cuneate funiculus of medulla oblongata. T. deltoi'- 
deum, deltoid tubercle of clavicle. T. ephip'pii, 
olivary body. T. epiglot'tidis, eminence on epiglot- 
tis. T. exter'num hu'meri, greater tuberosity of 
humerus. T. exter'num mandib'uli, prominence on 
inferior border of lower jaw. T. fas'cise denta'tse, 
prominence in fascia dentata. T. fib'ulae, styloid 
process of fibula. T. ileopectine'um, pubic spine. 
T. il'ii ante'rius i'mum, eminence occasionally found 
on upper surface of ilium, which forms a groove with 
the ileopectineal prominence for passage of femoral 
vessels. T. im'par, small elevation from which the 
tongue develops, appearing about fifth week of em- 
bryonal life, behind the inferior maxillary arch. T. 
Inter'num, lesser tuberosity of humerus. T. 
jugula're, jugular tubercle. T. la'bii superio'- 
ris, teat-like projection in middle of upper 
lip in nursing babies. T. lacryma'le, see Lacry- 
mal puncta. T. latera'le ta'li or media'le ta'li, 
small eminence on posterior border of astraga- 
lus bounding sides of groove for flexor longus 
pollicis. T. linea'rum, ridge below the occiput from 
which proceed inferior curved lines. T. Lisfranc'l, 
tubercle on first rib, giving attachment to scalenus 
anticus. T. Low'eri, tubercle of Lower. T. ma'jus, 
greater tuberosity of humerus. T. mandibula're, 
articular eminences of inferior maxillary bone. T. 
menta'le inter'num, genial tubercle. T. mi'nus, 
lesser tuberosity of humerus. T. olfacto'rium, olfac- 
tory tubercle. T. os'sis cuboi'dei, tubercle of cuboid. 
T. os'sis il'ii ante'rius i'mum, iliopectineal spine. 
T. os'sis multan'guli majo'ris, ridge on trapezium 
bounding externally groove for tendon of flexor carpi 
radialis. T. os'sis navicula'ris, tubercle on palmar 
surface of scaphoid. T. os'sis pu'bis, spine of pubis. 
T. papilla're, papillary tubercle of liver. T. pharyn- 
ge'um, the tubercle from which springs the medial 
band connecting the pharynx with the occipital bone. 
T. poste'rius or posti'cum, greater tuberosity of 
humerus. T. pros'tatse, middle lobe of prostate. 
T. pu'bicum or pu'bis, pubic spine. T. Rolan'di, 
tubercle of Rolandi. T. Santorinia'num, small emi- 
nences made by cartilages of Santorini in the 
larynx. T. scale'ni, scalene tubercle. T. seba'- 
ceum, milium. T. sel'lse, olivary body. T. spino'- 
sum, spinous process of spheno-maxillary bone. 
T. supe'rius, mammillary processes. T. supra- 
condyloi'deum exter'num and media'le, external 
and internal supracondyloid tubercle. T. supracoty- 
1115 
TUBUS 
loi'deum, prominence at junction of acetabular mar- 
gin and anterior border of ilium. T. supratrag'i- 
cum, small cartilages occasionally entering into for- 
mation of the tragus. T. vagi'nae, prominence on an- 
terior wall of vaginae. T. Wrisbergia'num, whitish 
elevations on inner surface of aryteno-epiglottidean 
fold produced by cartilages of Wrisberg. 
Tuberos'itas. Tuberosity. T. tym'pani, promon- 
tory of the tympanum. 
Tuberosity, tu-ber-os'it-e (tuber, protuberance). An 
eminence or process, the surface of which is unequal 
and rough, giving attachment to muscles or liga- 
ments. T., bicip'ital, rough surface below the neck 
of the radius for insertion of biceps muscle. T., cos'- 
tal, rough impression on inferior surface of clavicle 
for rhomboid ligament. T., great, thick projection 
from external surface of shaft of the humerus. T., 
il'iac, T. on the ilium for sacro-iliac ligament. T. of 
is'chium, a prominence on the ischium continued 
forward into the ramus. T. of pal'ate, T., pyram- 
idal. T., pubo-ischiat'ic, rough surface at junction 
of rami of pubis and ischium. T., pyram'idal, tuber- 
osity between the pterygoid plates of the palate-bone. 
T. of scaph'oid, tuberosity on scaphoid bone for 
insertion of tibialis anticus. T., scap'ular, conoid 
tubercle. T., small, tuberosity on the humerus 
separated from the great tuberosity by the bicipital 
groove. T. of superior maxil'la, tuberosity on pos- 
terior surface of superior maxillary bone. T. of tib'- 
ia, two tuberosities, internal and external, on the 
superior extremity of the tibia. T. of trape'zium, 
ridge on anterior surface of that bone for the annular 
ligament. T., ul'nar, ridge at the angle of junction 
of the coronoid process with the shaft of the ulna. 
Tubes of Belli'ni. See Uriniferous tubes. T. of 
Ferrein', see Uriniferous tubes. 
Tu'bi (pl. of Tubus, tube) membranacei, mem- 
bran-as'a-e. See Villous membranes. 
Tu'biform. Having the shape of a tube. 
Tu'bing. See Drainage-tubes and Intubation. 
Tubo-abdom'inal preg'nancy. See Pregnancy. 
Tubo-ova'rian preg'nancy. See Pregnancy. 
Tubo-u'terine preg'nancy. See Pregnancy. 
Tu'bula medulla'ris. Medullary tubule of kidney. 
Tu'bular. Relating to or having the form of a 
small tube. Applied to glands-Glandules tubulosee- 
having the shape of small tubes. Also applied to the 
primary nervous and muscular tissues. T. blow'ing 
sound, see Murmur, respiratory. T. neu'rine, see 
Neurine. T. sub'stance of the kid'ney, see Kidney. 
Tu'bule (dim. of Tubus, tube). A small tube. 
Tu'buli (pl. of Tubulus) Belli'ni. Uriniferous 
tubes. T. contor'ti, see Uriniferous tubes. T., den'- 
tal, dental tubuli. T. du'rse ma'tris, sinuses of the 
dura mater. T. Ferrei'ni, see Uriniferous tubek. T. 
galactoph'ori, see Lactiferous vessels. T. lactif'eri, 
see Lactiferous vessels. T. Morgag'nii, see Prostate. 
T. ner'vei, nerve-fibres. T. pel'vis re'num, see 
Calix. T. rec'ti, see Rete testis and Uriniferous tubes. 
T. semicircula'res membrana'cei, see Semicircular 
canals. T. semina'les, see Testicle. T. seminif'erl 
rec'ti, see Rete testis. T. urinif'eri Belli'ni, urinifer- 
ous tubes. 
Tubulo'sus. Tubular. 
Tu'bulus (dim. of Tubus, tube). Canula; tubule. 
T. centra'lis modi'oli, see Tractus spiralis foraminur- 
lentus. T. col'ligens, collecting tubule. T. conjunc- 
ti'vus, conjunctival tubule. T. intercala'ris, distal 
convoluted tubule of kidney. T. laqueifor'mis, de- 
scending loop-tube of Henle. T. spira'lis modi'oli, 
see Tractus spiralis foraminulentus. 
Tu'bus. Tube. T. acus'ticus, ear-trumpet. T. 
alimenta'rius or ciba'rius, alimentary canal. T. 
digesto'rius or digesti'vus, part of intestinal tract 
below cardiac end of stomach. T. ingesto'rius, part 
of alimentary tract above cardiac end of stomach. 
T. intestino'rum, alimentary canal. T. nervo'rum, 
neurilemma. T. pollin'icus, see Pollen. T. prox'i- 
mus convolu'tus, wide canal formed by urinary tubes 
of the kidney. T. vermicula'ris cse'ci, appendix 
vermiformis cseci. TUCKAHO 
Tuck'aho. Lycoperdon tuber. 
Tucum (tu'kum) oil. Oil obtained from fruit of 
Astrocaryum vulgare. 
Tuf'neH's meth'od. Treatment of aneurism by 
means of dry diet and absolute rest. 
Tuft, Malpig'hian. Collection of tubular vessels 
in the kidney. 
Tulbag'hia allia'cea. S. African plant, ord. Aspho- 
delese, the bulbs of which, boiled in milk, are recom- 
mended in phthisis and as an anthelmintic. T. cepa- 
cea and T. violacea serve the same purpose. 
Tu'lip, Cape. Homeria collina. T. tree, lirio- 
dendron. 
Tulipif'era lirioden'dron (tulipa, tulip, fero, to 
bear). Liriodendron tulipifera. 
Tul'ly's pow'der. Pulvis morphinse compositus. 
Tul'pius, valve of. Bauhin, valve of. 
Tumefactio, tu-me-fak'she-o (tumeo, to swell, facio, 
to make). Swelling. T. mol'lis, puffiness. 
Tumefac'tion. Swelling; puffiness. 
Tumenol, tyu'men-ol (from bitumen). Allied to 
ichthyol and derived from mineral oil; dark acid 
syrup, employed in eczema and pruritus in tincture, 
ointment, plaster, powder, etc. 
Tumes'cence. Processor act of swelling. 
Tumescentia (tu-mes-sen'she-ah) pituito'sa (tumes- 
co, to swell). Dropsical habit. Anasarca; oedema. 
Tu'mid. Swollen; enlarged. 
Tumid'ity. State of being swollen or puffed up. 
Tu'mor (tumeo, to swell). Circumscribed enlarge- 
ment of a part due to the presence of a morbid 
growth. The following (by Beach) is a conveniently 
arranged table of the 
Classification of Tumors According to the 
Physiological Type : 
Histoid or Connective-tissue Tumors. 
Physiological type. 
Fibrillar connective tissueFibroma. 
Mucous tissueMyxoma. 
Embryonal connective tissueSarcoma. 
Endothelial cellsEndothelioma. 
Adipose tissueLipoma. 
CartilageChondroma. 
BoneOsteoma. 
Neuroglia-cellsGlioma. 
Lymphoid tissueLymphoma. 
Muscle-tissue Tumors or Myomata. 
Physiological type. 
Smooth-muscle tissueLeiomyoma. 
Striated-muscle tissueRhabdomyoma. 
Vascular-tissue Tumors or Angiomata. 
Physiological type 
Blood-vessels Angioma. 
Lymphatic vesselsLymphangioma. 
Epithelial Tumors. 
Physiological type. 
Nerve-tissue Neuroma. 
Skin and mucous membranePapilloma. 
GlandsAdenoma. 
1116 
TUMOR 
Epiblast 
and 
Hypoblast 
Papillae of skin or mucous membrane. Papilloma. 
Type of Epithelial Tissues. 
Glands 
Teratomata or Congenital Mixed Tumors. 
' Adenoma. 
! Carcinoma. 
Cysts are omitted in this group, under the view entertained 
by the author quoted that the great majority of cysts are 
not tumors. 
General Classification of Tumors. 
Another classification may be quoted, which pre- 
sents the subject of morbid growths in a different 
grouping (Gant): 
Cysts. 
Simple or barren : 
Serous. Sanguineous. Synovial. 
Mucous. Oily. Colloid. Seminal. 
Proliferous: 
Cystigerous. Glandular. Cutaneous. Dentigerous. 
Cystic tumors-e. g. fibrous. Cartilaginous. 
Connective-tissue tumors: 
Fatty tumor.-Lipoma. 
Fibro-cellular tumor: 
Painful subcutaneous tubercle. Neuroma. 
Glioma. Myxoma. Lymphoma. Cylindroma. Psam- 
moma. 
Fibrous tumor: 
Fibro-calcareous. Fibro-cystic. 
Cartilaginous tumor.-Enchondroma: 
Fibro-cartilaginous. Ossific. M ixed with other growths. 
Vascular or erectile tumors.-Angioma: 
Naevus.-Telangeiectasis. 
Aneurism by anastomosis. 
Osseous tumors. Exostoses. 
Embryonic or rudimentary connective-tissue tumors : 
Sarcomata. 
Round-celled. 
Spindle-celled. 
Giant-celled. 
Mixed-celled. 
Differential forms of sarcoma. 
Epithelial-ceiled tumors : 
Glandular tumors. Adenoma. 
Papillary growths. Corns. Horns. Warts. Condyloma. 
Cancer: 
Encephaloid. Varieties.-Villous. (Melanotic. Fungus 
heematodes.) 
Scirrhus. Varieties.-Osteoid. 
Colloid. Varieties. 
Cystic cancer. 
Epithelial cancer: 
Squamous epithelioma. 
Columnar epithelioma. 
T., ad'enoid, adenoma. T. adipo'sus, lipoma. T. 
al'bus, hydrarthrus. T., anom'alous, haematodes 
fungus. T., benign/, tumor of slow growth, usually 
limited in size and encapsulated, approximating in 
structure normal tissue, having tendency neither 
to recur after removal nor to give metastasis. T., 
bu'tyroid, see Butyroid. T. capitis sanguin'eus, 
cephalaematoma. T. car'neus, sarcoma. T. carti- 
lagino'sus, chondroma. T., cav'ernous, Telangiecta- 
tic tumor; tumor having a loosely reticulated struc- 
ture resembling the corpora cavernosa of the penis. 
T., cellular, tumor occurring in cellular tissue which 
does not contain fat. T., cellulofi'brous, tumor, 
fibrocellular. T. cheloi'des, see Cancroid. T., col'- 
loid, tumor containing colloid material. T. cys'tl- 
cus, an encysted tumor. T. cys'ticus sero'sus, 
hygroma. T., dendritic, warty growth having a 
number of branches. T. desmoi'des, fibrous tumor. 
T., dilata'tion, retention cyst. T., epithelial, see 
Epithelial. T., erec'tile, tumor composed of a soft, 
vascular tissue which is susceptible of elevation and 
depression; see Erectile. T., fat'ty, lipoma. T. 
fibro-adipo'sus, tumor, fibro-fatty. T., fibrocalca'- 
reous, fibrous tumor containing earthy matter. T., 
fibrocellular, Cellulofibrous tumor; soft and elastic 
form of fibrous tumor. T. fibrocellulo'sus, tumor, 
fibrocellular. T., fibrocys'tic, fibrous tumor contain- 
ing cysts. T., fibro-fat'ty, fibrous tumor containing 
fat. T., fibromus'cular, see Myoma. T. fibromus- 
culo'sus, see Myoma. T., fibronu'cleated, tumor 
composed of fibrous tissue mixed with elongated nu- 
clei. T. fibronucleo'sus, tumor, fibronucleated. T., 
fibroplas'tic, sarcoma, myeloid. T. fibro'sus, tumor, 
fibrous. T. fibro'sus recur'rens, see Tumor, fibrous. 
Various forms of epithelial cells 
and associated tissue. 
Another arrangement may be made of tumors, 
upon a histological classification based upon the 
resemblance of every tumor to some normal tissue, 
adult or embryonic (Green): 
. . . . Carcinoma. 
Classification of Tumors According to their 
Histological Character. 
Type of Fully-developed Connective Tissues. 
Type of fibrous tissueFibroma. 
" mucous tissueMyxoma. 
" adipose tissue Lipoma. 
" cartilageChondroma. 
" boneOsteoma. 
" lymphoid tissueLymphoma. 
Type of Embryonic Connective Tissue. 
The varieties of Sarcoma. 
Type of Higher Tissues. 
Type of muscleMyoma. 
" nerveNeuroma. 
" blood-vesselsAngioma. 
" lymphatic vesselsLymphangioma. 
Mesoblast. TUMULTUS CORDIS 
T., fl'brous, Desmoid tumor, Fibrous growth, Fibroma, 
Fibroid, Tumor fibrosus; tumor or growth formed of 
fibrous tissue. When recurring after repeated re- 
moval, the term Recurrent fibroid, Sarcoma fusocellulare, 
Tumor fibrosus recurrens, is applied to it. T. fico'sus, 
ficus. T., flat, Flat tabular swelling; tumor having 
slightly elevated broad, flat surface. T. flatulen'tus, 
emphysema. T., floating, movable mass in the abdo- 
men, about the size and shape of the kidney. It may 
be a movable kidney or a loosely attached ovarian 
cyst, collection of faeces, etc. T. fu'gax, a swelling 
that appears and disappears soon afterward. T., fun'- 
gating, see Fangating. T. fungo'sus artic'uli, spina 
ventosa. T. fungo'sus sanguin'eus, haematodes fun- 
gus. T., fun'gons, Cauliflower excrescence; tumor 
having a short, thick neck or pedicle. T. ganglifor'- 
mis, ganglion, nervous. T. gena'rum, meloncus. T. 
ge'nu al'bus, white swelling of the knee. T. glan'- 
dulse parotide'ae, swelling or tumor of the parotid. 
T., gland'ular, tumor growing in or near a gland, 
and resembling it in structure; see Adenoma. T. 
glandulo'sus, tumor, glandular. T., granula'tion, 
see Granulation. T., gum'matous, gumma. T., gum'- 
my, gumma. T., hard, term applied to tumors of hard 
consistence. T., his'tioid, see Sarcoma and Histioid. 
T., in'filtrating, tumor devoid of distinct line of de- 
marcation between itself and healthy tissue. T. lac'- 
teus, galactocele. T., laminated na'creous fatly, 
cholesteatoma. T. lar'deus, steatoma. T., leucae'- 
mic or leukae'mic, lymphoma. T., lymph'oid, lymph- 
oma. T. mala'rum, meloncus. T., malig'nant, tu- 
mor of rapid growth, without limit as to size, differing 
in structure from surrounding tissue which it infil- 
trates, and whose tendency is destructive. T., med'- 
ullary, tumor of soft consistence due to excess of cel- 
lular over connective tissue. T., miliary, minute cir- 
cumscribed growth, usually of secondary rather than 
primary growth. T., milk'-like, encephaloid. T., 
mixed, tumor composed of more than one kind of tissue 
-the fibromuscular, for example. T., mu'cous, myx- 
oma. T., mus'cular, see Fantom myoma. T.myelo'des, 
see Myeloid. T., myelogenic, see Myelogenic. T., 
nerve, neuroma. T., neural'gic, tumor which, without 
perceptible reason, is the seat of neuralgic pain. T., 
or'ganoid, tumor following the type of organ in that 
it is composed of more than one tissue-cancer. T., 
os'seous, see Exostosis. T. ova'rii, ovarian tumor. T., 
papillary, papilloma. T. parotldis, tumor or 
swelling of the parotid gland. T., pearl'y, choleste- 
atoma. T., phan'tom, see Fantom. T., pol'ypoid or 
pedic'ulated, tumor having a long, narrow pedicle. 
T. pros'tatse, swelling or tumor of the prostate gland. 
T., pul'sating, tumor having pulsation due to state 
of intramural blood-vessels, independently of its prox- 
imity to large vessels. T. renalis, tumor of the kid- 
ney. T., reten'tion, retention cyst. T., sand, psam- 
moma. T., sanguin'eous, hsematocele, pelvic. T. san- 
guin'eus, haematoma. T., sarcom'atous, see Sarcoma. 
T., scir'rhous, tumor having hard consistence due to 
excess of connective over cellular tissue. T., seba'- 
ceous, see Sebaceous. T., soft, term applied to tumor 
of soft consistence. T. squamiform'is carno'sus, 
a fleshy tumor covered with scales. T., sys'temoid, 
see T., teratoid. T., tar'sal, chalaza. T., telangiec- 
ta'tic, see T., cavernous. T., ten'dinous, see Tendinous. 
T., ter'atoid, tumor made up of a number of tissues 
resembling an organ or system of organs-dermoid 
cyst. T., transition, recurrent tumor having a dis- 
position to assume a more malignant form. T. tuber- 
culo'sus, tuberculate sarcoma. T. tunica'tus, an 
encysted tumor. T. u'teri, tumor of the uterus. T., 
var'icose, circumscribed, bluish tumor, formed by 
the dilatation and turgescence of the capillary vessels 
of a part. T., vas'cular, see Haemorrhois, Naevus, and 
Angioma. T., vas'cular, of ure'thra, see Urethra. T. 
vasculo'sus, angioma. T. villo'sus, papilloma. T., 
wart'y, of cica'trices, see Warty tumor. 
Tumul'tus cor'dis. Irregularity of action of the 
heart. T. sermo'nis, stuttering method of reading. 
Tun'belly. Physconia. 
Tun'da oc'uli. Conjunctival membrane. 
1117 
TUNICA 
Tun'dus cor'dis. Apex of the heart. 
Tun'ga. Chique. 
Tunic, tu'nik. Envelope. A name given to dif- 
ferent membranes which envelop organs, as the 
tunics or coats of the eye, stomach, bladder, etc. See 
Tunica. 
Tunica, tu'nik-ah. Tunic. T. abdomina'lis, deep 
layer of superficial fascia of quadrupeds. T. acina'- 
lis, uvea. T. acinifor'mis, uvea. T. acino'sa, uvea. 
T. adipo'sa re'num, fatty investment of kidney. T. 
adna'ta, conjunctiva; also applied to visceral portion 
of tunica vaginalis testis. T. adventit'ia, see Artery. 
T. agna'ta, conjunctiva. T. al'ba oc'uli, sclerotic. 
T. albugin'ea, albuginea; see Kidney. T. albugin'ea 
cor'porum cavernoso'rum pe'nis, fibrous investment 
of corpora cavernosa. T. albugin'ea epidid'ymis, 
fibrous investment of epididymis. T. albugin'ea 
lie'nis, fibrous capsule of spleen. T. albugin'ea 
oc'uli, sclerotic. T. albugin'ea ova'rii, condensed 
layer of stroma on surface of ovary. T. albugin'ea 
tes'tis, albuginea testis. T. allantoi'des, allantois. 
T. amphiblestroi'des, retina. T. arachnoi'dea oc'uli, 
lamina fusca. T. arachnoi'des, arachnoid membrane. 
T. cadu'ca, decidua. T. can'dida oc'uli, sclerotic. 
T. car'nea, dartos. T. carno'sa, panniculus carnosus. 
T. cellulo'sus, mucous membrane. T. cer'ebri, dura 
mater. T. cer'ebri pro'pria, pia mater. T. cho- 
roi'dea, choroid coat of eye. T. cilia'ris, ciliary 
muscles and processes. T. commu'nis, cremaster 
muscle. T. conjuncti'va, conjunctiva. T. conjunc- 
tl'va palpebra'rum, conjunctiva covering inner sur- 
face of eyelids. T. cor'nea opa'ca, sclerotic coat. 
T. cor'nea pellu'cida, cornea. T. costa'lis, pleura. 
T. cras'sa, decidua. T. crystal'lina, arachnoid mem- 
brane. T. dar'tos, see Dartos. T. decid'ua reflex'a, 
see Decidua reflexa. T. decid'ua u'teri, see Decidua 
vera. T. Demorsia'na, membrane of Descemet. T. 
du'ra oc'uli, sclerotic. T. du'rior et cras'sa, scle- 
rotic. T. elas'tica, see Artery. T. elytroi'des, vagi- 
nal coat. T. erythroi'des, cremaster. T. exte'rior 
o'vi, decidua. T. exter'na, see Artery. T. exter'na 
oc'uli, sclerotic. T. farcimina'lis, allantois. T. 
fibro'sa albugin'ea tes'tis, see Cavernous bodies and 
Folliculi Graafiani. T. fibro'sa commu'nis, vaginal 
coat of the testicle. T. fibro'sa oc'uli, fibrous coat 
of eye formed by sclerotic and cornea. T. fibro'sa 
re'num, fibrous investment of kidney. T. fibro'sa 
of spleen, fibrous investment of spleen. T. filamen- 
to'sa, decidua. T. gla'bra, see Ar/ery. T. horten'- 
sis, Dianthus caryophyllus. T. hyaii'na pro'pria, 
transparent layer of membranous semicircular canals 
situate between layers of connective tissue and of 
papilliform processes. T. innomina'ta oc'uli, scle- 
rotic. T. inter'na oc'uli, retina. T. in'tima, see 
Artery. T. in'tima oc'uli, retina. T. Jaco'bi, Jacob's 
coat or membrane, Bacillar layer of the retina; layer 
of rods and cones situate between membrana 
limitans externa and pigmentary layer of retina. 
These rods and cones are connected with internal 
layers of the retina by means of fibres of Muller. 
T. me'dia, middle coat; see Artery. T. muco'sa 
pharyn'gis, mucous membrane of pharynx. T. mus- 
cula'ris, dartos. T. ner'vea oc'uli, retina. T. 
nervo'rum, neurilemma. T. perfora'ta, uvea. T. 
pharyn'gis, fibrous investment of pharynx. T. prse- 
ten'sa abdom'inis, peritoneum. T. pro'pria hep'atis, 
fibrous investment of liver. T. pro'pria lie'nis, 
splenic capsule. T. pro'pria ova'rii, tunica albu- 
ginea of ovary. T. pro'pria pharyn'gis, pharyngeal 
mucous membrane. T. pro'pria re'nis, fibrous cap- 
sule of kidney. T. pro'pria tes'tis, tunica albuginea 
of testicle. T. reticula'ris, retina. T. retifor'mis, 
retina. T. rhagoi'des, choroidea tunica; uvea. T. 
rubicun'da scro'ti, dartos. T. ru'bra, Dianthus 
caryophyllus. T. Ruyschia'na, see Choroid. T. 
scle'ra bul'bi, sclerotic coat. T. sero'sa tes'tis, 
tunica vaginalis propria. T. subcosta'lis, pleura. 
T. tendino'sa oc'uli, see Sclerotic. T. thora'cis, cor- 
set. T. uva'lis, uvea. T. u'vea, uvea. T.uvifor'mis, 
uvea. T. vagina'lis, see Vaginal. T. vagina'lis bul'bi, 
capsule of Bonnet. T. vagina'lis commu'nis et fu- TUNICULA 
nic'uli spermat'ici, vaginal coat of the testicle. T. 
vaginalis lin'guse, see Tongue. T. vaginalis oc'uli, 
capsule of Tenon of eye. T. vaginalis pro'pria, 
vaginal coat of the testicle. T. vaginalis pro'pria 
funic'uli spermatic!, infundibuliform fascia. T. 
vaginalis reflex'a, vaginal coat of the testicle. T. 
vaginalis tes'tis, see Testicle. T. vasculo'sa Hal- 
leri, one of the two layers of vessels of the choroid 
formed By the coarser arterial and venous trunks. 
T. vasculo'sa oc'uli, choroid; see Eye. T. vascu- 
lo'sa tes'tis, vascular coat of the testis; an extremely 
delicate vascular membrane situate immediately 
within the tunica albuginea and enclosing the sub- 
stance of the gland. T. vit'rea, hyaloid membrane. 
Tunicula, tu-nik'u-lah (dim. of Tunica). Tunicle. 
Fine membrane, coat, or skin. Clitoris. 
Tun'nel anae'mia. Tunnel disease. T. of Cor'ti, 
see Corti, tunnel of. T. disease, caisson disease; see 
Anchylostomiasis. 
Tu'pelo. Tree indigenous to the United States, 
bark of which is sometimes used in making uterine 
tents. 
Tuphlo-enteri'tis. Typhlo-enteritis. 
Tuphus, tu'fus. Typhus. 
Tupina'ria. Talpa. 
Tur'ba haemorrhoida'lis. Hemorrhoidal disor- 
der; see Heemorrhois. 
Turbationes (tur-bah-she-o'nees) an'imi (turbo, tur- 
batum, to disorder). Affections of the mind. 
Tur'beth min'eral. Hydrargyri subsulphas flavus. 
T., Montpellier, Globularia alypum. T. plant, Con- 
volvulus turpethum. 
Tur'binal. Term sometimes applied to the inferior 
turbinated bones. 
Tur'binated bones (turbo, or turben, a top). Very 
thin bony plates rolled up in the form of scrolls and 
situate in the nasal fossa: 1. Superior spongy bone, 
the highest. 2. Middle spongy bone, Os convolutum 
superius, Concha, C. narium superior or Morgagniana; 
this bone projects inward and downward into the 
cavity of the nose from the ethmoid cells at the side 
of the nasal lamella. 3. Inferior spongy or turbi- 
nated bone, Concha inferior, Convolutum inferius os; 
lowest of the turbinated bones, and connected to 
the os maxillare, os palati, and os unguis. 4. Sphe- 
noidal cornu. T. crests, ridges on os maxillare and 
os palati for articulation with inferior and middle 
turbinated bones. T. pro'cesses, turbinated bones. 
Turbines (tur'bin-ees) na'si or na'rium (turbo, top). 
Turbinated bones. 
Tur'bo cer'ebri. Pineal gland. 
Tiirck, bun'dle of. Temporo-occipital tract of 
crusta. T., col'umn of, direct pyramidal tract of 
spinal cord. 
Turgentia, tur-jen'she-ah. Turgescence. 
Turgescence, tur-jes'sence (turgeo, to swell). Tur- 
gescency, Turgidity, Turgidness. Swelling or distension 
of a part. Turgescence of bile formerly denoted the 
passage of that fluid into the stomach, and its dis- 
charge by vomiting. 
Turgescentia, tur-jes-sen'she-ah. Turgescence. T. 
vesic'ulse fel'lese, distension of the gall-bladder by 
bile. 
Turgid, tur'jid. Swollen. 
Turgidity, tur-jid'it-e. Turgescence. 
Turgidness, tur'jid-ness. Turgescence. 
Turio'nes aspar'agi. Young shoots of Asparagus 
officinalis, used as an edible. 
Tur'key corn. Corydalis formosa. T. galls, nut- 
galls from Turkey. T. gum, term applied to various 
species of Egyptian gums. T. o'pium, opium imported 
from Turkey, produced in various countries of Asia 
Minor. T. pea, Gephrosia Virginiana. 
Tur'kish bath. Bath in which the individual 
passes into bathing apartments of increasing temper- 
ature, after which he undergoes shampooing of the 
whole body, followed by cold douche. See Bath. 
Turmeric, tur'mur-ik. Curcuma longa; Sanguina- 
ria Canadensis. T. pa'per, unsized paper stained 
yellow with decoction of turmeric, used as a test for 
free alkali, which changes its color to brown. 
1118 
TUSSIS 
Tur'merol. Aromatic volatile principle of tur- 
meric. 
Turn of life. See Menses. 
Turn'bull's blue. Ferrous ferricyanide. 
Turne'ra aphrodisi'aca. Mexican plant from 
which damiana is said to be derived. T. microphyl'- 
la, plant indigenous to Mexico, also supposed to be a 
source of damiana. T. opif'era, plant indigenous to 
Brazil; leaves have astringent properties. T. ulmi- 
flo'ra, plant of West Indies; aromatic tonic properties. 
Turner's ce'rate. Calamine ointment. 
Turning. Version. T. of the fce'tus, see Version. 
Tur'nip. Brassica rapa. T. dra'gon, Arum tri- 
phyllum. T., In'dian, Arum triphyllum; Psozalea 
esculenta. T. pep'per, Arum triphyllum. T., prai'- 
rie, Camasia esculenta. 
Turn'key. Instrument used for extracting teeth. 
Turns. Menses. 
Turn'sick. Vertiginous. See Coenurus. 
Turn'sole. Lichen roccella. 
Turn'table. Instrument having a revolving plate, 
used in mounting microscopic slides. 
Tur'pentine. Terebinthina. T., Bordeaux', see 
Pinus sylvestris. T., Brian'QOn, see Pinus cembra. 
T., Chian', see Pistacia terebinthus. T., com'mon 
American, see Pinus sylvestris. T., Cy'prus, see Pis- 
tacia terebinthus. T., damar'ra, see Pinus damarra. 
T., Dom'beya, see Dombeya excelsa. T., horse, see 
Pinus sylvestris. T., Stras'burg, see Pinus picea. T. 
tree, Pistacia terebinthus. T., Venice, see Pinus 
larix. T., Venice, true, see Pistacia terebinthus. T., 
white, see Pinus sylvestris. 
Tur'peth min'eral. Hydrargyri sulphas flava. 
Turpe'thum. Convolvulus turpethum. T. min- 
era'le, hydrargyri sulphas flava. T. ni'grum, hy- 
drargyri oxydum cinereum. 
Tur'quoise (I. turchino, greenish-blue). A stone 
long imagined to change its color according as the 
wearer is at the time in good or bad health-a super- 
stitious notion. 
Tur'tle bloom. Chelone glabra. T., green, Che- 
Ionia mydas. T. head, Chelone glabra. 
Tur'tur. Penis. 
Turun'da. Tent. 
Turun'dse Ital'icae. Pastes made of wheat-known 
under the names of Macaroni, Vermicelli, and Italian 
or Cagliaria paste. 
Turun'dula (dim. of Turunda). Tent. 
Turunjebun. Alhagi maurorum. 
Tus. See Pinus abies. 
Tussaca reticulata, tus-sak'ah ret-ik-u-lat'ah. 
Goodyera pubescens. 
Tus'sal (tussis, cough). Pertaining to cough. 
Tusse'do. Tussis. 
Tussicula, tus-sik'u-lah. See Tussis. 
Tussic'ular (tussicula, slight cough). Relating to 
cough or slight cough. 
Tussiculosus, tus-sik-u-lo'sus. Tussicular. 
Tussila'go. Coltsfoot, Foalfoot; ord. Compositse. 
Demulcent and expectorant, and used in pulmonary 
affections and in some cutaneous diseases. T. far'- 
fara, tussilago. T. hy'brida, T. petasites. T. petasi'- 
tes, Butturbur, Pestilentwort; roots are said to be 
aperient and alexipharmic. T. petasi'tes her- 
maphrodi'ta, T. petasites. T. vulga'ris, tussilago. 
Tus'sis (dim. Tussicula). Cough, Coughing. Harsh, 
sonorous sound produced by deep, long-drawn in- 
spiration, followed by complete closure of the glottis 
and then forced expiration, in the midst of which the 
glottis suddenly opens. The cough is said to be dry 
when unaccompanied by expectoration. See Bron- 
chitis. T. amphemer'ina, pertussis. T. asini'na, 
pertussis. T. bron'chica, cough, tubal; see Bron- 
chitis. T. cani'na, pertussis. T. catarrha'lis sim'- 
plex, catarrh. T. clamo'sa, pertussis. T. clango'sa, 
pertussis. T. convulsi'va, pertussis. T. delas'sans, 
pertussis. T. feri'na, pertussis. T. pu'eros stran'gu- 
ians, pertussis. T. quin'ta, pertussis. T. seni'lis, 
bronchitis (chronic). T. spasmod'ica, pertussis. T. 
stomacha'lis, pertussis. T. suf'focans, pertussis. T. 
suffocati'va, pertussis. T. tussiculo'sa, pertussis. TUSSIVE 
Tus'sive (tussis, cough). Belonging or relating to 
cough, as tussive vibration, the vibration of the 
parietes of the chest, caused by coughing. 
Tuta'mina (tutamen, protection). Parts which de- 
fend or protect others. T. cer'ebri, the scalp, peri- 
cranium, bones of the skull, and the meninges. T. 
oc'uli, eyebrows, eyelids, and lacrymal apparatus. 
Tut'hia. Tutia. 
Tu'tia. Tutty. The oxide of zinc that attaches 
itself in the form of gray incrustations to the chim- 
neys of furnaces in which ores of zinc are smelted. 
Sometimes used for making an eye-salve. 
Tut'tering. Stuttering. 
Tut'ty. Tutia. 
Tutu. Coriaria myrtifolia. 
'Tween-brain. Thalamencephalon or second vesi- 
cle of embryonic brain. 
Twin. Gemellus. 
Twinge. See Pain. 
Twinkling of the eye. Nictation. 
Twin'leaf, com'mon. Jeffersonia Bartoni or di- 
phylla. 
Twin'root. Orchis. 
Twins, homoge'neous. Two foetuses in one uterus, 
similar in sex and physical characteristics. T., joined, 
two beings united together, as Carolina or Siamese 
twins. T., Siamese', two brothers, Chang and Eng, 
connected by a ligamentous band from epigastrium 
of one to that of the other. See Xiphopages. 
Twitch'grass. Triticum repens. 
Twitching. Tic. 
Two-needles operation. Operation of discission 
of cataract. 
Tych'ica (tuche, accident). Fortuitous lesions or 
deformities. 
Ty'le (tule, callus). Callosity. 
Tylo'ma (tulomd). Callosity. 
Tylophora asthmatica, til-of'o-rah asth-mat'ik-ah 
(tulos, callosity, phero, to bear, from the fleshiness of 
the leaflets of the corolla). Ipecacuanha of the Isle of 
France ; ord. Asclepiadacese. A native of East Indies; 
root is acrid; in large doses, emetic; in smaller, often 
repeated, cathartic. It is also diaphoretic. 
Tylo'sis (tulosis). Callosity. Inflammation of the 
lids when the substance of the lid, along the margin, 
is thickened and hardened. T. bulbo'sa, clavus. T. 
gom'phos, clavus. 
Tylosteresis, til-o-ster-a'sis (tulos, callus, steresis, 
privation). Removal of callus. 
Ty'lus (tulos, knot). Callosity. 
Tym'ma (tumma). Wound. 
Tym'panal. Tympanic. 
Tympan'ia or Tympan'ias. Tympanites. 
Tympan'ic. Relating to the tympanum. T. an'- 
gle, angle from j unction of basilar membrane of ductus 
cochlearis with cochlear wall. T. ar'teries, arteries 
of tympanum; tympanic branch of internal maxillary 
to membrana tympani; stylomastoid branch of poste- 
rior auricular to back part of tympanum and mastoid 
cells; petrosal branch of middle meningeal; branch 
from ascending pharyngeal; and tympanic branch of 
internal carotid. T. at'tic, attic of tympanum. T. 
bone, curved plate of bone in the adult, forming front 
and lower parts of auditory canal, but existing in the 
foetus as a separate ring. T. mem'brane, see Tympa- 
num. T. nerve, see Petrous ganglion. T. pas'sage, 
scala tympani. T. plate, T. bone. T. plex'us, ner- 
vous anastomosis on promontory of tympanum. T. 
ten'sor, tensor tympani muscle. 
Tympanicolingual'is. Common trunk from junc- 
tion of chorda tympani, gustatory nerve, and branch 
from otic ganglion. 
Tympanicomas'toid fis'sure. Furrow indicating 
junction of mastoid with tympanic portion of tem- 
poral bone. 
Tympanism, tim'pan-ism. State of parts affected 
with tympanites. 
Tympanita, tim-pan-e'tah. Tympanites. 
Tympanites, tim-pan-e'tees (tumpanon, drum). 
Tympany, Meteorism, Drum belly, Wind dropsy. A 
swelling of the abdomen, caused by the accumulation 
1119 
TYPHLO-ENTERITIS 
of air in the intestinal tube or in the peritoneal 
cavity. Tympanites may be idiopathic or symp- 
tomatic. The former is due to collection of gas from 
fermentation or decomposition of intestinal contents; 
the latter, to retention of gas resulting from organic 
lesion, usually obstructive in its nature. Sometimes 
air is contained in the peritoneal cavity, constitut- 
ing Tympanites abdominalis-the accumulation in the 
intestines being called Tympanites intestinalis. T., 
u/terine, physometra. 
Tympanitic, tim-pan-it'ik. Relating to tympan- 
ites. T. resonance, sound produced by percussion 
over cavities distended by air. 
Tympanitis, tim-pan-e'tis. Inflammation of lining 
membrane of the middle ear. Also tympanites. 
Tympanohyal, tim-pan-o-hi'al. Foetal ossicle sep- 
arated from the hyoid bone in the embryo, and later 
disappearing by becoming ossified to adjacent parts 
of periotic capsule. 
Tympanophony, tim-pan-of 'o-ne {tympanum, phone, 
voice). Abnormal sounds in the ear, as echoes, etc. 
Tympanosis, tim-pan-o'sis. Tympanites. 
Tympanum, tim'pan-um {tumpanon, drum). Drum 
or Barrel of the ear, Ear-drum, Cavity of the tympanum 
or of the drum. A cavity of an irregular shape, con- 
stituting the middle ear, situate in the petrous portion 
of the temporal bone, between the meatus auditorius 
externus and the labyrinth. This cavity has six 
parietes: 1. The roof. 2. The outer wall, formed by 
the tympanic plate and tympanic membrane, mem- 
brane of the drum, membrana tympani; thin, semi- 
transparent circular membrane, convex within, con- 
cave without, closing the inner extremity of the 
meatus auditorins externus. This wall presents for 
examination the aperture of the iter chordae pos- 
terius, Gasserian or glenoid fissure, and opening for 
iter chordae anterius. 3. Floor. 4. Internal wall, on 
which are fenestra ovalis, fenestra rotunda or foramen 
rotundum, promontory, ridge of aquaeductus Fallopii, 
pyramid, and opening for stapedius. 5. Posterior wall, 
presenting for examination the opening of the mas- 
toid cells. 6. Anterior wall, on which are processus 
cochleariformis, orifice of the Eustachian tube, and 
canal for the tensor tympani. T. mi'nus, see Fenes- 
tra. T. secunda'rium, see Fenestra. 
Tympany, tim'pan-e. Tympanites. T. of womb, 
physometra. 
Type, tipe {tupos, a stamp). Character. Form 
in which the symptoms of a disease exhibit them- 
selves and succeed each other. It may be continued, 
intermittent, or remittent. 
Typha (te'fah) angustifo'lia has same properties 
as T. aromat'ica, Acorus calamus, and T. latifo'lia, 
Cat-tail, Reed-mace, Greater reed-mace, Bull's-egg; plant 
common in marshes and ponds in this country and in 
Europe. Ord. Typhaceae. Its roots have been used 
in dysentery and blennorrhagia; the down of the 
flower has been applied to burns. 
Typhaemia, tif-e'me-ah. Disordered condition of 
the blood in typhus. 
Typhfever, tife-fe'ver. See Typhus. 
Typhia, tif'e-ah. Typhoid fever. 
Typhicus, tif'ik-us {tuphos, stupor). Typhoid. 
Typhine, ti'feen {tuphos, stupor). A term proposed 
for the specific zymotic principle by which typhus 
fever is propagated. 
Typhinia, tif-in'e-ah. Relapsing fever. 
Typhization, ti-fi-za'shun. Aggregate of symptoms 
in those constantly exposed to typhus contagion. 
Typhlitis, tif-le'tis {tuphlos, blind, itis). Inflamma- 
tion of the caecum, occasionally leading to perforative 
ulceration, and usually accompanied with inflamma- 
tion of the ascending colon. T. stercora'lls, typhlo- 
enteritis. 
Typhlo, tif'lo {tuphlos, blind). In composition, the 
caecum. 
Typhlodicliditis, tif-lo-dik-le-de'tis {typhlo, dilclis, a 
doubling). Inflammation of the iliocaecal valve. 
Typh'lo-enteri'tis {typhlo, enteritis, inflammation 
of the intestines). Phlegmonous tumor of the csecum. 
Typhlitis. TYPHLO-ENTERUM 
Typh'lo-en'terum (tuphlos, blind, enter on, intestine). 
Caecum. 
Typhlolithiasis, tif-lo-lith-e'as-is. Formation of 
concretions in the caecum. 
Typhlops, tif'lops (typhlo, ops, eye). Caecum. 
Typhlosis, tif-lo'sis. Blindness. 
Typhlostenosis, tif-lo-sten-o'sis. Stricture of caecum. 
Typhloteritis, tif-lo-ter-e'tis. * Typhlo-enteritis. 
Typhloterum, tif-lot'er-um. Caecum. 
Typhlotes, tif'lot-ees (tuphlotto, to be blind). Blind- 
ing. 
Typhlotrophium, tif-lo-trof 'e-um. Blind asylum. 
Typho, te'fo (tuphos, stupor). In composition, 
typhus. 
Typhodes, tif-o'dees (tuphodes, affected with stupor). 
Typhous. 
Typhohaemia, tif-o-he'me-ah (typhus, haima, blood). 
See Putrefaction. 
Typhoid, ti'foid (tuphos, stupor, eidos, resemblance). 
Appertaining to or resembling typhus. T. affec'tion, 
see Typhus. T. bacil'lus, supposed specific bacillus 
of typhoid fever discovered by Eberth, and later 
studied by Gaffky. It is active, rod-shaped with 
rounded ends, three times as long as it is broad, oc- 
curring alone in tissue-sections, but in long strings 
in artificial cultures. T. chol'era, see Cholera. T. 
fe'ver, Abdominal typhus, Enteric fever, Pathogenic 
fever, Gastric fever; acute febrile disease dependent 
upon entrance into the system of a definite specific 
poison, attended by lesions of Peyer's patches, spleen, 
blood, and mesenteric glands, and accompanied by 
cerebral, abdominal, and thoracic symptoms. To- 
ward the end of the first week rose-colored spots ap- 
pear on the surface of the abdomen. It is not con- 
sidered contagious in the ordinary sense, except so 
far as the faeces are concerned, the poison not being 
given off from the skin or in the breath, but in the 
faeces. A special micro-organism has been described 
as an etiological factor in this fever. See Bacillus of 
typhoid fever. Experience has shown that the success- 
ful treatment of typhoid fever does not depend on any 
special medication, but on good nursing and careful 
regulation of diet, including the omission of all solids, 
so that the ulcerated Peyerian patches will have a pe- 
riod of rest from participating in the work of intesti- 
nal digestion, and the ulceration be thus not increased; 
otherwise peritonitis and perforation of the bowel may 
occur with fatal result. The use of the cold bath as an 
external antipyretic application in this disease is advo- 
cated by a number of writers and teachers of practi- 
cal medicine. See Fevers, eruptive, and Incubation. T. 
fe'ver of In'dia, cholera. T., sink'ing, see Adyna- 
mic. T. spots, characteristic pale rose-red, slightly 
elevated papulae, momentarily disappearing on pres- 
sure, appearing in typhoid fever about the seventh 
day after the patient takes to bed. T. tongue, appear- 
ance of tongue in enteric and typhus fevers; at first 
heavily coated in the centre, later becoming dry, brown, 
and fissured. T., walk'ing, typhus ambulatorius. 
Typhomala'rial fe'ver. Camp fever, Chickahominy 
fever. Febrile disease in which symptoms of typhoid 
and remittent fevers are intermingled. The term 
Chickahominy was applied to it from the locality in 
which it prevailed during the late War of the Re- 
bellion in the United States. 
Typhomania, tif-o-man'e-ah (typho, mania). Delir- 
ium with stupor, Subdelirium. Low muttering delirium 
common in typhus. See also Coma vigil and Insomnia. 
Typhonia, tif-o'ne-ah (tuphos, stupor). Coma vigil. 
Typhorube'oloid. Typhus fever in which the cuta- 
neous eruption is like that of rubeola. 
Typhosepses, tif-o-sep'sees. Typhoseptoses. 
Typhoseptoses, tif-o-sep-to'sees (tupho, sepsis, putre- 
faction). Typhous affections. 
Typho'sis (tuphos, stupor). The typhous condition. 
Typhosus, tif-o'sus (tuphos, stupor). Typhoid; 
typhous. 
Typhotoxine, ti-fo-toks'een. C7H17NO2. Ptomaine 
obtained from cultures of typhoid bacilli. It has no 
specific action ; isomeric with gadinine. 
Typhous, ti'fus. Belonging or relating to typhus. 
1120 
TYSON'S GLANDS 
Typhus, ti'fus (tuphos, stupor). True, Putrid, Jail, 
Hospital, or Ship fever, Petechial, Maculated, or Spotted 
fever. Acute febrile disease dependent upon entrance 
into system of specific poison, characterized by high 
temperature, small, weak, but usually frequent pulse, 
with great prostration of strength and much cerebral 
disturbance; duration being usually a fortnight to 
three weeks or longer. It is marked by lesions of the 
blood, but not of organs; is endemic, epidemic, and 
highly contagious. Formerly divided into two vari- 
eties, depending upon severity of symptoms, as mild or 
simple-typhus mitior, nervous fever-and grave or 
malignant, typhus gravior. Both have been included 
under one generic name, typhfever. T. abdomina'lis, 
see Typhoid fever. T. ambulato'rius, typhoid fever 
in which subjective symptoms are so mild as to 
permit the patient to walk about until the course of 
the disease is somewhat advanced. T. anthrac'icus, 
plague. T. anthropopotho'racus, typhus. T. aph- 
thoi'deus, aphthse. T. bel'licus, typhus. T. Ben- 
galen'sis, cholera. T. bubon'lcus, plague. T. 
car'cerum, typhus gravior. T. Castren'sis, typhus 
gravior. T., cer'ebral, cerebrospinal meningitis. T. 
comato'sus, typhus mitior. T. commu'nis, typhus. 
T. contagio'sus exanthemat'icus, typhus. T., con- 
ta'gious, typhus. T., convulsi'vo-cer'ebral, chorea, 
electric. T. exanthemat'icus, typhus. T. gangli- 
ona'ris abdomina'lis, see Typhoid fever. T. gravis'- 
simus, plague. T. Hiber'nicus, T. gravior. T. icter- 
o'des, yellow fever. T. intestina'lis, see Typhoid 
fever. T. morbillo'sus, rubeola. T. nervo'sus, ty- 
phus mitior. T. nos'tras, typhus. T. pestilentia'lis, 
plague. T. pes'tis, plague. T. petechia'lis, typhus 
gravior. T., puer'peral, see Peritonitis. T. recur'- 
rens, see Relapse. T. scarlati'nus, scarlatina. T. 
sid'erans, violent and rapidly fatal attack of typhoid 
fever. T. sim'plex, typhus mitior. T. sporad'icus, 
see Typhus. T., syn'copal, cerebrospinal meningitis. 
T. trop'icus, yellow fever. T., true, typhus. T. 
vesicula'ris, pemphigus. 
Typic (tip'ik) or typ'ical. Characterized by a par- 
ticular type, as a typical fever. 
Typoses, tip-o'sees. See Periodicity. 
Ty'pus. Type. 
Tyran'nus (tyrant). Sixth day. See Critical days. 
Tyrbasia, tur-bah'ze-ah. Agitation. 
Tyrbe, tur'be. Agitation. 
Tyremesis, tir-em'es-is [turos, cheese, emesis, vom- 
iting). Vomiting of curdy matter. 
Tyreusis, tir-u'sis (tureusis, cheese-making). Tyr- 
emesis ; tyrosis. 
Tyr'ia. Porrigo decalvans. 
Tyri'asis. Lepra. Satyriasis. 
Tyrine, ti'reen. Casein. 
Tyro'des. Cheesy. 
Tyro'ma. Porrigo decalvans. 
Tyrogin, ti'ro-sin. Amido-acid, crystallizing in fine 
needles, usually in white feathery masses, occurring 
as a result of pancreatic digestion or of decomposition 
of organic matter either by putrefaction or by acids. 
It has been found, like leucin, in typhoid fever and 
in acute yellow atrophy of the liver. 
Tyrosis, tir-o'sis (tyrus). Tyremesis; also the curd- 
ling of milk in the stomach. 
Tyrotemesis, tir-o-tem'es-is (turotos, made into 
cheese, emesis, vomiting). Vomiting of cheesy or 
curdy matter. 
Tyrotoxicon, tir-o-toks'ik-on. Ptomaine discovered 
by Vaughan occurring under certain conditions in 
cheese, milk, cream, and ice cream. The symptoms of 
tyrotoxicon-poisoning are those of acute gastro-enter- 
itis, with dilatation of the pupil, peculiar pricking or 
tingling sensation in the limbs, and dryness of the 
throat and mouth. See Ptomaines. 
Tyrrel's (tir'rel's) fas'cia. Rectovesical fascia. 
T.'s hook, blunt hook for drawing out the iris in 
iridectomy. 
Tyrus, tir'us (turos, choese). Cheese. 
Ty'son's glands. Small sebaceous follicles secret- 
ing smegma, situate on the cervix and corona glandis 
of the penis and labia pudendi. UBER 
1121 
ULEX EUROPXEUS 
u. 
U'ber. See Mamma and Nipple. 
U'beris a'pex (apex of the mamma). Nipple; pa- 
pilla. 
Ud'der. See Mamma. 
U'la (oula, gums). Gum. 
Ulae (pl. of Ula). Gums. 
Ulaemorrhagia, u-le-mor-rhaj'e-ah. Hemorrhage 
from the gums. 
Ulatroph'ia (oulon, gum, atrophia, atrophy). 
Shrinking or falling away of the gums. 
Ulcer, ul'sur (helcos, sore). A sore; surface of gran- 
ulations in the soft parts, of longer or shorter stand- 
ing, and kept up by some local disease or constitu- 
tional cause. U., A'den, see Beriberi. U., An'amite, 
obstinate phagedenic ulceration occurring in hot cli- 
mates. U., cal'lous, ulcer situate on lower half of the 
leg, having slightly concave surface covered with flat- 
tened granulations, discharging their scanty pus, and 
surrounded by elevated ring of dense indurated tis- 
sue. U., can'croid, lupus. U., Chiro'nian, hard 
callous ulcer, difficult of cure; see Chironium. U., 
Co'chin Chi'na, see Cochin China and Beriberi. U., 
cold, a term applied by Mr. Paget to small inflamma- 
tory ulcers occurring spontaneously at the extremities 
of the body, sometimes preceded by gangrenous spots, 
and resembling in some respects ulcerated chilblains. 
U., corro'ding, ulcer, rodent. U., Del'hi, see Delhi. 
U., eczem'atous, chronic ulcer having marked eczem- 
atous characteristics. U., ero'sive, of the der'ma, 
lupus. U. of foot, per'forating, intractable form of 
ulceration, usually occupying anterior part of plantar 
surface of foot, and leading to destructive disorgani- 
zation of neighboring bones and joints. U., fun'- 
gous, collection of granulations which bleed easily, 
projecting above the level of the surrounding skin, 
occasionally spreading out as a mushroom or cau- 
liflower growth. U., gout'y, ulcer, usually super- 
ficial, observed in gouty parts of the body or over 
gouty deposits. U., hemorrhag'ic, ulceration charac- 
terized by occasional bleeding from its surface. It 
may be connected with a hemorrhagic diathesis or be 
an outlet for vicarious menstruation. An ulcer asso- 
ciated with varicose veins is usually called a varicose 
ulcer. U., in'dolent, see U., callous. U., inflamed, 
surface of granulations which is at first red, later 
becomes dusky, and finally breaks down, forming a 
gray, ragged, sloughing area, discharging profusely 
pusand tissue-debris. The surrounding skin is red and 
inflamed, and there are great pain and systemic dis- 
turbance. U., ir'ritable, Neuralgic ulcer. An ulcer, 
usually occurring in the tibial region, characterized 
by intense pain and hyperaesthesia. U., Ja'cob's, 
lupus. U., lu'poid, ulcer, rodent. U., malig'nant, 
hospital gangrene. U., cedem'atous, ulcer having 
large flabby granulations, apparently distended with 
serum, not infrequently detached in large masses by 
sloughing. U., phageden'ic, aggravated sloughing 
ulcer, having dark-red edges, discharging ichorous 
pus containing shreds of dead tissue, extending 
rapidly and accompanied by severe constitutional 
symptoms of adynamic type. U., pu'trid, hospital 
gangrene. U., ro'dent, Lupoid or Corroding ulcer. A 
destructive local cancerous affection, beginning as a 
dry wart, afterward ulcerating, becoming converted 
into an indolent sore, without granulation. When of 
extensive size it is accompanied with a fetid purulent 
discharge. U., round, ulcer of the stomach, perfo- 
rating. U., scorbu'tic, an ulcer or sore modified in 
its progress by the general scorbutic taint. U., se'- 
nile, dry, dusky ulcers commonly met with in the 
dry, withered limbs of those who have a degen- 
eracy of the arteries, etc. from old age. U., sim- 
ple, surface of small, uniform, cherry-red granula- 
tions, having oval shape, with gently-sloping, mod- 
erately-indurated edge, discharging a small quantity 
of laudable pus. U., slough'ing, aggravated inflamed 
ulcer, rapidly spreading, and attended by destruction 
of visible portions of tissue, which are thrown off as 
offensive gray sloughs. U. of stom'ach, perforat- 
ing, an ulcerated condition of the stomach, depend- 
ent on obstruction of the blood-vessels of that or- 
gan, usually occurring in the posterior wall of the 
pyloric portion. The perforation of the serous coat 
has the appearance of having been cut with a punch. 
It is called also round ulcer. The term Gastrelcosis 
has been applied generally to ulceration of the stom- 
ach from any cause. U., stru'mous, chronic, painless 
ulcer, having cedematous granulations discharging 
thick, oily pus, occurring in a strumous diathesis. 
U., tele'phian, telephium. U., var'icose, see Ulcer, 
hemorrhagic. U., wart'y, of Mar'jolin, see Warty 
tumor of cicatrices. U., weak, U., cedematous. U., 
Ye'men, see Beriberi. 
Ul'cera intestina'lia. Ulcers of the bowels. U. 
laryn'gis, laryngeal phthisis. U. serpenta'ria o'ris, 
aphthae. U. u'teri, see Metrophthisis. U. ventric'uli, 
ulceration of the stomach. U. vesi'cae, consumption 
from ulceration of the bladder. 
Ul'cerated (ulcero, to make sore). In the state of an 
ulcer. Affected with ulcers. 
Ulceratio, ul-ser-ah'she-o. Ulceration. U. intesti- 
na'lis, ulceration of the intestines. U. ventric'uli, 
ulceration of the stomach. 
Ulcera'tion. Superficial ulcer. Molecular death 
of a part. 
Ul'cerative. Eelating to ulceration, as an ulcera- 
tive process. U. scrofuloder'ma, see Inflammatory 
fungoid neoplasm. 
Ul'cerous (ulcus, ulcer). Having the character of 
an ulcer. Affected with ulcers. 
Ul'cers, Egyp'tian. 2Egyptia ulcera. 
Ulcus, ul'kus (helcos). Ulcer. U. aton'icum, rupia. 
U. cacoe'thes, see Cacoethes. U. cancro'sum, cancer; 
chancre. U. cor'nese ser'pens, Seemisch's ulcer, In- 
fecting ulcer; deep sloughing ulcer, having tendency 
to spread over the cornea. U. cru'ris, indolent ulcer 
of leg. U. dacryo'des, see Dacryodes. U. depas'cens, 
phagedenic ulcer. U. ex digestio'ne, appearance of 
stomach resembling ulcer, due to gastric juice. U., 
endem'ic, term applied to ulcers peculiar to certain 
localities or countries, as Cochin-China ulcer, Beriberi 
ulcer, etc. U. ero'dens, lupus. U. exe'dens, rodent 
ulcer. U. feri'num, phagedenic ulcer. U. fistulo'- 
sum, hypophora. U. gra've, mycetoma. U. hyp'u- 
lum, ulcer healed at the top, but not at the bottom. 
U. na'rium fce'tens, ozaena. U. obam'bulans, phage- 
denic ulcer. U. phagedse'nicum, phagedenic ulcer. 
U. phagedse'nicum co'lis, phagedenic chancre. U. 
pulmo'num, phthisis pulmonalis. U. sinuo'sum, 
hypophora. U. syphilit'icum, chancre. U. Syri'- 
acum, cynanche maligna. U. tele'phium, telephium. 
U. tuberculo'sum, lupus. U. u'teri, ulceration 
of the uterus; leucorrhcea. U. vene'reum du'- 
rum, chancre. U. ventric'uli per'forans, perfo- 
rating ulcer of the stomach. U. ventric'uli rotun'- 
dum, perforating ulcer of the stomach. 
Ulcus'cula prsepu'tii. Herpes praeputii. 
Ulcus'culum (dim. of Ulcus, ulcer). Small ulcer. 
U. cancro'sum, chancre. 
U'le. Cicatrix. 
Ulerythema, u-ler-ith-e'mah. Erythematous skin 
affection characterized by formation of cicatrices. U. 
centrif'ugum, lupus erythematosus. U. ophryog'- 
enes, form of ulerythema commencing at the eye- 
brows, and later giving rise to alopecia. 
Uletic, u-let'ik. Eelating or pertaining to the gum. 
Uleticus, u-let'ik-us. Eelating to the gums. 
U'lex Europae'us. Common furse or gorse, a 
prickly shrub of Europe said to have diuretic prin- 
ciples. ULEXINE 
Ulexine, u-leks'een. Alkaloid, having local anaes- 
thetic properties, obtained from seeds of Ulex Euro- 
pseus. Also has tonic effect upon nerves, muscles, 
and respiration, and is a diuretic; antidote to strych- 
nia. Cytisine. 
Uliginous, u-lij'in-us (uligo, moisture). Eelating 
to or growing in a marshy soil. 
Uli'tis (wZon, gum, itis). Inflammation of the gums. 
U. sep'tica, cancer aquaticus. 
Ullu'co. Tropseolum tuberosum. 
Ulma'ria (uZmu.s-). Spiraea ulmaria. U. palus'tris, 
Spiraea ulmaria. 
Ul'mus. Common elm, ord. Ulmaceae. The inner 
rough bark, Ulmus (Ph. Br.), has a bitter and muci- 
laginous taste ; tonic, alterative, and diuretic, and has 
been used chiefly in lepra and other cutaneous affec- 
tions; see Ulmus Americana. U. ala'ta, Lynn wahoo. 
The bark of this root has been used successfully as a 
cataplasm in phlegmonous inflammation. U. Amer- 
ica'na, Rough-leaved, Red, or Slippery elm. U. campes'- 
tris, ulmus. U. ful'va, the inner bark, Ulmus (Ph. 
U. S.), is highly mucilaginous, and is used in form of 
mucilage as a vehicle for disagreeable medicines and 
as a poultice; may be employed, also, as a tent for 
dilating openings or passages; U. rubra. U. gla'bra, 
ulmus. U. monta'na, ulmus. U. nu'da, ulmus. U. 
ru'bra, U. fulva. U. sati'va, ulmus. U. sca'bra, 
ulmus. 
Ul'na (olene, elbow). Inner bone of the forearm 
which forms the prominence of the elbow. Its upper 
extremity has two eminences, olecranon and coronoid, 
which are separated from each other by the greater 
sigmoid or semilunar fossa or olecranoid cavity. At 
the base of the coronoid process is the tubercle of the 
ulna for the insertion of the brachialis internus. On 
the outside of this extremity is the lesser sigmoid 
cavity, which articulates with the head of the radius. 
The inferior extremity of the cubitus has a pointed 
process called the styloid process. The ulna is artic- 
ulated with the humerus and radius, and, mediately, 
with the cuneiform bone. 
Ul'nad. See Ulnar aspect. 
Ul'nar. Cubital. U. arztery, the larger of the two 
subdivisions of the brachial artery, commencing im- 
mediately below the bend of the elbow, running along 
the ulnar side of the arm to the wrist, and passing 
across the palm of the hand to form the superficial 
palmar arch. The anterior and posterior ulnar re- 
current, anterior and posterior interosseous and mus- 
cular arteries, are branches of the ulnar given oif in 
the forearm. U. as'pect, an aspect toward the side 
on which the ulna is situated. Ulnad is used adverb- 
ially to signify toward the ulnar aspect. U. glands, 
lymphatic glands situate in front of the elbow 
and above internal condyle of humerus; usually en- 
larged in syphilis. U. groove, furrow between inner 
condyle of humerus and olecranon process for passage 
of ulnar nerve. U. nerve, branch of brachial plexus, 
from which it arises in common with inner head of 
median nerve; distributed to the muscles and integu- 
ment of the forearm and hand. U. recur'rent ar'- 
tery, see Ulnar. U. veins are two veins, anterior and 
posterior, collecting blood from the forearm. 
Ulna'ris. Ulnar; cubital. U. exter'nus, see Cubital 
muscles. U. grac'ilis, palmaris longus. U. inter'- 
nus, see Cubital muscles. U. quin'ti, extensor carpi 
ulnaris, having narrow slip attached to little finger. 
Ulocace, u-lok'as-e (oulon, gum, kakos, evil). Cancer 
aquaticus; stomacace. 
Ulocarcino'ma. Carcinoma of the gums. 
U'lon. Gum. 
Uloncus, u-lon'kus (oulon, gum, onkos, tumor). 
Swelling or tumor of the gums; epulis. 
Ulorrhag'la (oulon, rhegnumi, to break forth). Bleed- 
ing from the gums. 
Ulorrhoe'a (oulon, rheo, to flow). Bleeding from the 
gums. 
Ulo'sis. Cicatrization. 
Ulot'ic. Cicatrizing. 
Ulot'richus (ide, wood, thrix, trichos, hair). Having 
woolly hair. 
1122 
UMBILICAL 
Ultimate anal'ysis. Detection and estimation of 
ultimate elements entering into the composition of an 
organic compound. U. el'ements, elements not fur- 
ther divisible. U. prin'ciple, ultimate element. 
Ultiminister'nal. Sixth or last bony portion of the 
sternum, sometimes called Ensisternal. 
Ul'timum mo'riens (last dying). A term given to 
the part of the economy which dies last. The mus- 
cular contractility of the right auricle is said to be the 
last to disappear. See Punctum saliens. 
Ultraqui'nine. Homoquinine. 
Ultzmann's test for bile. See Urine, examination 
of (detection of bile). 
UTum. Gum. 
Ul'va cris'pa. Fucus crispus. U. latis'sima, 
Broad green laver, Green sloke, Oyster green; order 
Algae; used as an edible. U. umbilica'lis, Laciniated 
purple laver of Great Britain, is pickled and sold as 
laver; antiscorbutic. 
Ulyp'tol. Antiseptic preparation composed of 
salicylic and carbolic acids and eucalyptus. 
Um'bel, yelTow. Cypripedium luteum. 
Umbil'ic. Umbilical. 
Umbil'ical {umbilicus, navel). Belonging or relating 
to the umbilicus or navel. U. ar'teries, Allantoic or 
Hypogastric arteries ; foetal structures only, developed 
early as branches of the internal iliac; they carry 
blood from the embryo to the allantois, and in animals 
developed in a uterus to the placenta; they possess 
valves. They exist only in the foetus; they clear the 
umbilical ring and proceed to the placenta, to which 
they carry the residuum of the blood sent to the foetus 
by the umbilical vein. The portion of the artery 
within the abdomen is called the hypogastric artery ; 
the portion external to that cavity, the umbilical 
artery. As soon as respiration is established the 
blood ceases to pass by the umbilical arteries, which 
become obliterated as well as the vein, and are 
transformed into two strong ligamentous cords- 
the vein forming the round ligament or ligamen- 
tum rotundum of the liver. U. circulation, Al- 
lantoic circulation; the second embryonic circulation,, 
consisting of two umbilical veins and two arteries, 
carrying blood to and from the allantoic sac on the 
placenta; in the latter case the chief circulation 
of the embryo. U. cord,,funiculus umbilicalis; an 
embryonic structure joining the placenta with the 
umbilicus of the foetus, developed about the 20th 
to 30th day; consisting of the allantois stalk and 
its vessels, two umbilical arteries, the umbilical vein, 
the atrophied yolk-stalk; a layer of the amnion and 
mucous tissue (jelly of the latter) form the covering.. 
Length (human), 20-21 inches; diameter, inch. 
The vessels are tortuous; the arteries possess valves. 
U. re'gion, Mesogastrium; middle region of the ab- 
domen, in which the umbilicus is placed. The sides, 
of this are called the flanks or lumbar regions. In 
the umbilical region are the omentum, the jejunum, 
and the greater part of the mesentery, the aorta, 
vena cava, the trunks of the renal arteries and veins,, 
the origin of the spermatic arteries, etc. U. ring, 
fibrous ring surrounding the aperture of the umbili- 
cus, and through which umbilical hernia occurs in 
children. U. stalk, a structure formed early in 
foetal life, being a construction of the embryonic 
layers on the ventral side of the embryo, containing 
the beginning of the allantoic or yolk sac; further 
growth and construction form the umbilical cord. U. 
veins, foetal structures carrying blood to the embryo- 
from the allantois or placenta. The right vein soon 
atrophies. At first they empty into the vitelline vein ;. 
later the left enters the portal and sends a branch, 
the ductus venosus, to the left hepatic. In the adult 
the fibrous cord forms the round ligament of the 
liver. U. vesi'cse, vesicula umbilicalis. U. ves'icle 
or yolk-sac, a sac formed in early foetal life contain- 
ing the yolk; the splanchnopleuric layers of head, 
tail, and lateral folds grow around the yolk, constrict 
near the ventral side of the embryo, and form this sac. 
It is greatly developed in oviparous ova. The vitel- 
line circulation develops in the outer wall of this sac.. UMBILICALIS 
U. ves'sels, these include two arteries and the umbil- 
ical vein ; the umbilical vein arises from the placenta, 
and terminates at the fissure on the inferior surface 
of the liver of the foetus, to which it conveys the blood 
necessary for its nutrition. 
Umbilica'lis. Umbilical. 
Umbil'icated. Depressed in the centre like the 
umbilicus, as an umbilicated pustule. The term 
Umbilication is applied to such a depression. 
Umbilication, um-bil-i-ka'shun. See Umbilicated. 
Umbilicus, um-bil-e'kus (Eng. um-bil-i'kus) (ompha- 
los, navel). The Umbilic or Navel. Round cicatrix, 
about the median line of the abdomen, corresponding 
to an aperture in the foetus, affording passage to the 
vessels of the umbilical cord. U. mari'nus, subma- 
rine production found on rocks and shells in the 
south of France. Reputed to be anthelmintic and 
diuretic. 
Um'bo. Deepest part of the arched membrana 
tympani, corresponding to the termination of the 
handle of the malleus. See Elbow and Umbilicus. 
Umbrella tree (umbra, a shade). Magnolia tripet- 
ala. 
Unbow'elling. Operation of taking out the bowels. 
Uncaria (un-kah're-ah) gam'bir. Nauclea gambir. 
Uncas (un'kas), In'dian. Veratrum viride. 
Uncia, un'se-ah (oungia). Ounce. 
Unciform, un'se-form (uncus, forma, shape). Having 
the shape of a hook. U. bone, fourth bone of the 
second row of the carpus. Inward and forward is 
the unciform process, giving attachment to the annu- 
lar ligament of the carpus. It is articulated with the 
os semilunare, os magnum, os cuneiforme, and the 
fourth and fifth metacarpal bones. U. eminence, 
hippocampus minor. U. pro'cess, Great process of 
the ethmoid; hook-like lamina of bone projecting 
downward and backward immediately beneath the 
os planum, serving to close the upper part of the ori- 
fice of the antrum ; see Unciform bone. 
Uncinate, un'sin-ate. Unciform. U. gy'rus, U. 
lobe, or U. convolu'tion, anterior inferior termina- 
tion of gyrus fornicatus extending to fissure of Syl- 
vius, being bounded above by dentate fissure, and 
separated below from temporo-sphenoidal lobe by col- 
lateral fissure. Terminates at anterior extremity in 
hook-like process termed uncus or crotchet. 
Uncinat'um. Unciform bone. 
Un'cinus. Hook. 
Uncipres'sure or Uncipres'sion (uncus, a hook, 
premo, pressum, to press). Compression of an artery 
by means of a hook to control hemorrhage. 
Uncon'scious. Not conscious; without cerebral 
appreciation, or occurring without such appreciation, 
as an unconscious movement in unconscious cerebra- 
tion, so called. 
Unconsciousness. Condition of suspension of 
sensibility and temporary abolition of reflexes, oc- 
curring as a symptom of apoplexy, sunstroke, etc. 
Unc'tion (unguo, to anoint). Inunction; ointment; 
unguentum hydrargyri. 
Unc'tor. Anointer in ancient bathing establish- 
ments. 
Uncto'rium or Unctua'rium. Oil chamber in an- 
cient gymnasium. 
Unctuosltas elephant'ina. Increased secretion 
of sebaceous matter in the congestive stage of ele- 
phantiasis Grsecorum. 
Uncus, un'kus. Hook. See Uncinate gyrus. 
Undim'ia. Tumor filled with a gelatinous matter 
like the white of an egg. 
Undo'sus (unda, wave). Undulatory, as the pulse 
of adynamia. 
Undulation, un-du-la'shun (unda, wave) Fluctua- 
tion ; propagation in waves. 
Un'dulatory. Moving in undulations or waves, as 
light, heat, and electricity. 
U'nedo. Arbutus unedo. U. papyra'cea, Arbutus 
unedo. 
Un'gual or Un'gueal (unguis, nail). Belonging or 
relating to the nails. U. bone, lacrymal bone. U. 
fur'row, transverse groove in the nail from loss of 
1123 
UNGUENTUM 
substance-evidence of a cachectic condition. U. 
ma'trix, see Nail. U. pha'lanx, terminal bones of 
fingers and toes. 
Unguenta'ria. See Myristica moschata. 
Unguenta'rius {unguentum). One who makes and 
sells ointments; a perfumer. 
Unguen'tum (unguo, to anoint). Unction, Salve, 
Ointment. Ointments are topical applications of a 
consistence more or less analogous to that of lard. 
Unguentum (Ph. U. S.) is made as follows: yellow 
wax, 5j ; lard, Ointments are of less consistence 
than cerates, although the terms are often used indis- 
criminately ; see Unguentum eerie and Pomatum. U. 
a'cidi bo'rici (Ph. Br.)~(boric acid, soft paraf- 
fin, hard paraffin, §v). U. ac'idi carbol'ici (Ph. 
U. S.), Ointment of carbolic acid (carbolic acid, gr. 
xlviij ; officinal ointment, According to Ph. Br., 
carbolic acid, 1 p.; soft paraffin, 12 p.; hard paraf- 
fin, 6 p. Used in cases where carbolic acid is indi- 
cated externally. U. ac'idi gal'lici (Ph. U. S.), Oint- 
ment of gallic acid (gallic acid, gr. xlviij ; benzoinated 
lard, U. ac'idi nitro'si, Ointment of nitrous acid 
(adip. suilli, Ibj ; acid, nitros., Jvj); stimulant; used 
in itch and other cutaneous eruptions and in foul 
ulcers. U. ac'idi salicyl'ici (Ph. Br.), Ointment of 
salicylic acid (salicylic acid, gr. lx; soft paraffin, gr. 
mlxxx; hard paraffin., gr. dxl). U. ac'idi tan'nici 
(Ph. U. S.), Ointment of tannic acid (tannic acid, gr. 
xlviij ; benzoinated lard, §j); used in hemorrhoids, 
prolapse of rectum, etc., like unguentum gall®. U. 
aconiti'n® (Ph. Br.), U. aconitine, Ointment of aconi- 
tine (aconitine, gr. viij ; sp. rectif., fjss; adipis pr®- 
parat., in neuralgic pains. U. ad'ipis, U. cerae. 
U. adipoce'r® ceto'rum, ceratum cetacbi. U. JEgyp- 
ti'acum, linimentum ®ruginis. U. Algyp'tium al'- 
bum, ointment of lilies and aromatic plants. U. 
aeru'ginis, U. subacetatis cupri. U. alabas'trinum, 
see Alabaster. U. al'bum, unguentum cetacei. U. 
al'bum resol'vens, linimentum ammoni® fortius. U. 
de althae'fi, marshmallow ointment. U. antimo'nii, 
U. antimonii tartarati (Ph. Br.), Ointment of tartarized 
or tartarated antimony, Antimonial ointment, Tartar 
emetic ointment (tartarated antimony, ; simple 
ointment, If a drachm of this ointment be 
rubbed upon any part night and morning, it will ex- 
cite in a few days a painful pustular eruption; hence 
it is employed as a counter-irritant. This preparation 
is also called Unguentum tartari stibiati or emetici, Un- 
guentum e tartaro stibiato, Adeps tartare stibii medicatus, 
Unguentum tartratis potasses stibiati. This method of 
employing the tartrate of antimony and potassium 
as a revellent is at times called stibiodermic. U. an- 
timo'nii potassiotartra'tis, unguentum antimonii. 
U. antimo'nii tartariza'ti, U. antimonii. U. anti- 
per'nium, an ointment for relief of chilblains; see 
Antipernius. U. antipso'ricum Werlho'fii, unguen- 
tum hydrargyri praecipitati albi. U. a'qu® ro's® 
(Ph. U. S.), Ointment of rose-water, Cold cream (ex- 
pressed oil of almond, §v; spermaceti, 3j ; white 
wax, ; rose-water, f^iij); cooling to irritated sur- 
faces. U. arma'rium, sympathetic unguent, for 
anointing the instrument that inflicted the wound. 
U. arthani't®, see Arthanita. U. articula're, syno- 
via. U. atro'piae, U. atropin® (Ph. Br.), Ointment of 
atropine (atropine, gr. viij ; rectified spirit, fjss; ben- 
zoated lard, ; smeared around the eye to dilate the 
pupil. U. basil'icon fla'vum, ceratum resin®. U. 
basil'icon ni'grum, unguentum resin® nigr®. U. 
basil'icum vir'ide, unguentum subacetatis cupri. U. 
belladon'n® (Ph. U. S.), Ointment of belladonna (alco- 
holic extract of belladonna, gr. xlviij ; diluted alco- 
hol, fjss; benzoinated lard, gr. cccc) (alcoholic 
extract of belladonna, gr. 1; benzoated lard, 5j 
avoir.; Ph. Br.). U. benzo'ini, Ointment of benzoin, 
Benzoated lard (tinct. benzoin., §ij ; adipis, U. 
cadmi'i io'didi, Ointment of iodide of cadmium (cadmii 
iodid., gr. Ixij; unguent, simpl., U. calami'n® 
(prepared calamine, §j ; benzoated lard, §v; Ph. Br.). 
U. calomel'anos, Ointment of calomel, Ointment of sub- 
chloride of mercury (calomel, gr. Ixxx; prepared lard, 
3j); in chronic cutaneous affections. U. calomel'- UNGUENTUM 
anos compos'itum, Compound ointment of calomel 
(calomel, 3ij ; burnt alum, 3iv; carbonate of lead, 
3iv; Venice turpentine, 3vj; spermaceti ointment, 
; in scalled head and other chronic cutaneous 
affections. U. canthar'idis, blistering salve, Oint- 
ment of cantharides or of Spanish flies, Blistering oint- 
ment (cantharidis, 3j; yellow wax, §j ; olive oil, 
; Ph. Br.). U. ce'rae, U. simplex, U. adipis, Un- 
guentum (Ph. U. S.), Wax ointment, Ointment of lard, 
oil, and beeswax; see Unguentum. (In the Ph. Br., 
under the name Unguentum simplex, it is prepared by 
melting together white wax, ,5 ij; prepared lard, 
§iij ; almond oil, Emollient; a mild dress- 
ing ; also the basis of most of the compound 
ointments. U. cera'tum, ceratum Galeni. U. 
cerus'sae, unguentum oxidi plumbi albi; unguentum 
plumbi subcarbonatis. U. cerus'sae aceta'tae, cera- 
tum plumbi superacetatis; U. plumbi superaceta- 
tis. U. ceta'cei, Spermaceti ointment (cetacei, 
cerae albae, ; ol. amydg., Oj, imp., or q. s.; benzoin, 
Ph. B.); ordinary dressing for blisters and exco- 
riations ; see Ceratum cetacei. U. chrysaro'bini (Ph. 
U. S.), Chrysarobin ointment; rub gr. xlviij chrysaro- 
bin with benzoinated lard, gradually added, until 
they are thoroughly mixed. U. citri'num, U. de 
althaea, U. hydrargyri nitratis. U. coc'culi, Oint- 
ment of cocculus Indicus, Kernels of cocculus Indicus; 
used to destroy vermin and to cure scabies and ring- 
worm of the scalp. U. coni'i, Ointment of conium or 
hemlock (conii fol., adipis, aa ibj); used for irritable 
tumors and ulcers. U. con'tra sca'biem Werlho'fii, 
unguentum hydrargyri praecipitati albi. U. crea- 
so'ti (Ph. U. S.), Ointment of creasote (creasot., f,5j ; 
unguent., ; used in chronic cutaneous affections. 
U. cu'pri subaceta'tis, unguentum subacetatis cu- 
pri. U. diach'ylon, Diachylon ointment (lead plaster, 
gr. cclxiv; olive oil, gr. clxx; oil of lavender, rqv); 
employed in eczema and profuse sweating of the 
feet. U. diapomphol'ygos, unguentum oxidi zinci 
impuri. U. el'emi, Ointment of elemi (elemi, 
simple ointment, ; Ph. Br.); use same as the next. 
U. el'emi compos'itum, Compound ointment of elemi, 
Balsam of Arceeus (elemi, ibj ; terbinthinae vulgaris, 
sevi praeparati, Ibj ; olei olivae, f^ij); stimulant 
and digestive; to keep open issues, etc. U. epispas'ti- 
cum for'tius, cerate of cantharides. U. epispas'ticum 
mi'tius, unguentum lyttae. U. epispas'ticum vi'- 
ride, unguentum lyttae medicatum. U. eucalyp'tyoil 
of eucalyptus, §j ; soft paraffin, hard paraffin, aa 5ij). 
U. fla'vum, unguentum de althaea. U. gal'las, Oint- 
ment of galls, Nutgall ointment (nutgall, gr. xlviij ; ben- 
zoinated lard, Ijj) (galls in fine powder, 80 grs.; 
benzoated lard, 1 oz.; mix; Ph. Br.); as an astrin- 
gent in piles, indolent ulcers, etc. U. gal'lae cum 
o'pio (Ph. Br.), U. gal he et opii, Compound ointment of 
galls, Ointment of galls and opium (ointment of galls, 
§j ; opium, gr. xxxij); used in painful hemorrhoids: 
3ss or 5j of camphor is sometimes added. U. gly- 
ceri'ni plum'bi subaceta'tis (glycerin of subacetate 
of lead, soft paraffin, 3jxviij; hard paraffin, 
(Ph. Br.). U. e gum'mi el'emi, unguentum 
elemi compositum. U. helleb'ori al'bi, unguentum 
veratri. U. Helmon'di (hydrarg. ammoniat., ,5j; 
unguent, sulphuris, ; employed in psoriasis of 
the scalp and face. U. hydrar'gyri (Ph. U. 8.), 
Mercurial ointment, Neapolitan ointment, Blue oint- 
ment (mercury, ,5j ; lard, jjss; suet, ; compound 
tincture of benzoin, TTLxl; mercurial ointment, gr. 
c). According to Ph. Br.: Mercury, prepared lard, 
aa Ibj ; prepared suet, gj. U. hydrar'gyri ammo- 
nia'ti (Ph. U. S.), Ointment of ammoniated mercury 
(ammoniated mercury, gr. xlviij ; benzoinated lard, 
oj) (ammoniated mercury, gr. 1; simple ointment, 
gr. ccccl; Ph. Br.); used in cutaneous diseases. U. 
hydrar'gyri cal'cis al'bse, unguentum hydrargyri 
praecipitati albi. U. hydrar'gyri compos'itum, Com- 
pound ointment of mercury (unguent, hydrarg., 5vj ; 
cerae flav., ol. olivae, aa 5iij ; camphor, giss; Ph. Br.). 
U. hydrar'gyri deutox'ydi nitra'ti, unguentum hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxidi. U. hydrar'gyri io'didi, Oint- 
ment of iodide of mercury (hydrarg. iodid., §j ; cerae 
1124 
UNGUENTUM 
alb., ; adipis, U. hydrar'gyri io'didi ru'- 
bri, Ointment of red iodide of mercury (hydrarg. iodid. 
rubr., gr. xvj ; unguent., ijj ; Ph. Br.). Both these 
ointments may be applied to scrofulous and indolent 
ulcers. U. hydrar'gyri nitra'tis (Ph. U. S.), Ointment 
of nitrate of mercury, Citrine ointment (mercury, gr. 
ccccxliv; acid, nitric., f3v; lard oil, Jjxj) (mer- 
cury, §iv; nitric acid, fgxij; prepared lard, §xv; 
olive oil, ; Ph. Br.); employed in a number 
of skin diseases and ulcerations, etc.; generally used 
diluted. U. hydrar'gyri nitra'tis dilu'tum (Ph. Br.) 
(nitrate of mercury, §j; soft paraffin, gij). U. hy- 
drar'gyri ni'trico-ox'idi (Ph. U. S.), U. h. oxidi 
rubri, Ointment of nitric or red oxide of mercury, Red 
precipitate ointment, Golden ointment (hydrarg. oxid. 
rubr., gr. xlviij ; unguent., gj). In the Ph. Br. 
it is made by mixing red oxide of mercury, Ixij; 
hard paraffin, ; soft paraffin, ; stimulant 
and escharotic; applied to foul ulcers, to inflam- 
mation of the tarsi, etc. U. hydrar'gyri ox'idi fla'vi 
(Ph. U. S.), Ointment of yellow oxide of mercury (yel- 
low oxide of mercury, gr. xlviij ; ointment, §j); 
the oxide is perfectly amorphous, without any crys- 
talline grains, and is therefore adapted for application 
to the conjunctiva. U. hydrar'gyri ox'idi ru'bri 
(Ph. U. S.), unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxidi. U. 
hydrar'gyri praecipita'ti al'bi, U. hydrargyri am- 
moniati. U. hydrar'gyri ru'bri, U. hydrargyri ni- 
trico-oxidi. U. hydrar'gyri subchlo'ridi (subchlo- 
ride of mercury, gr. Ixxx; benzoated lard, ; Ph. 
Br.) U. hydrar'gyri submuria'tis ammonia'ti, U. 
hydrargyri praecipitati albi. U. hydrar'gyri subni- 
tra'tis, U. hydrargyri nitrico-oxidi. U. hydrar'gyri 
supernitra'tis, U. hydrargyri nitratis. U. hydrar- 
gyr'icl subnitra'tis, U. hydrargyri nitrico-oxidi. U. 
hydrar'gyro mit'ius dic'tum cine'reum, unguentum 
oxidi hydrargyri cinereum. U. ex hydrar'gyro ox- 
yda'to ru'bro, unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxidi. 
U. infu'si mel'oes vesicato'rii, U. lytte. U. i'odi 
(Ph. U. S.), Ointment of iodine, Iodine ointment (io- 
dine, gr. xviij ; iodide of potassium, gr. iv; water, 
Tthviij ; benzoated lard, gr. ccccxx) (according to 
the Ph. Br., iodine, iodide of potassium, aa gr. 
xxxij ; glycerin, fjj; prepared lard, ; used as 
a local application to goitrous and other swellings. 
U. io'dini, U. iodi. U. io'dini compos'itum, U. 
iodinii compositum, Compound ointment of iodine (io- 
din., potassii iodid., gr. xxx; aq., TTbxxx; 
adipis., 5j). U. iodin'ii, U. iodini. U. iodofor'mi 
(Ph. U. S.), Iodoform ointment (iodoform, gr. xlviij ; 
benzoinated lard, (according to the Ph. Br., 
iodoform, §j ; benzoated lard, §ix). U. irrl'tans, 
U. lytte. U. lauri'num, Bay ointment (fol. lauri., 
500 p.; adip. suilli, 1000 p.; bay berries, 500 p.); cor- 
roborant and nervine; it is simply emollient. U. 
leniti'vum, U. de althaea. U. lilia'ceum, ointment 
of lilies and some aromatic plants. U. lithar'- 
gyri, unguentum diachyli albi. U. lyt'tae, un- 
guentum cantharidis. U. melan'icum caus'ticum, 
causticum 2Ethiopicum. U. mercuria'le, unguentum 
hydrargyri. U. mercuria'le al'bum, unguentum 
hydrargyri praecipitati albi. U. mercuria'le citri'- 
num, unguentum hydrargyri nitratis. U. mer- 
cu'rii ru'brum, unguentum hydrargyri nitrico- 
oxidi. U. e mercu'rio praecipita'to, unguentum 
hydrargyri praecipitati albi. U. meze'rei (Ph. U. S.), 
Ointment of mezereum, Mezereum ointment (lard, gr. 
ccclx; yellow wax, gr. liv; fluid extract of meze- 
reum, f 3ij); to keep open blisters, issues, etc. 
U. nardi'num, see Nardus Indica. U. Neapolita'- 
num, unguentum hydrargyri. U. nervi'num, unguen- 
tum sambuci. U. nitri'cum or oxygena'tum, un- 
guentum acidi nitrosi. U. nu'tritum, unguentum 
plumbi superacetatis. IT. ophthal'micum (butyr, 
recent, aq. rosar. lavat., p. 68; camphor., p. 0.3; 
oxyd. hydrarg. rubr., acetatis plumbi, aa p. 4); in 
chronic inflammation of the conjunctiva or tarsi. 
U. ophthal'micum ru'brum, unguentum hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxidi. U. o'pii, Ointment of opium (opii pulv., 
9j ; adipis, ,5j); to be used where the local applica- 
tion of opium by inunction is needed. U. ox'idi hy- UNGUENTUM 
drar'gyri cine'rei, Ointment of gray oxide of mercury 
(oxyd. hydrarg. ciner., p. j; adipis suilli, p. iij); 
properties like the mercurial ointment. U. ox'idi 
plum'bi al'bi, Ointment of white oxide of lead, White 
ointment (ung. simplicis, p. v ; oxyd. plumb, alb., p. j); 
cooling and desiccative; applied to excoriated and 
burnt surfaces. U. ox'idi plum'bi carbona'ti, U. 
plumbi subcarbonatis. U. ox'idi zin'ci, unguentum 
zinci. U. ox'idi zin'ci impu'ri, Eyesalve, Tatty oint- 
ment, Ointment of impure oxide of zinc (linim. simpl., 
p. v; oxyd. zinc, impur. praep., p. j); used in oph- 
thalmia tarsi and atonic, U. pi'cis liq'- 
uidae (Ph. U. S.), Tar ointment (tar, ; yellow wax, 
gij ; Ph. Br.) (tar and suet, equal parts); stimulant 
and detergent; used in tinea capitis and other cuta- 
neous eruptions. U. pi'cis ni'grae, unguentum resi- 
nae nigrae. U. plum'bi aceta'tis (acetate of lead, gr. 
xij ; benzoinated lard, 3) ; Ph. Br.). U. plum'bi car- 
bona'tis (Ph. U. S.), unguentum plumbi subcar- 
bonatis, Ointment of carbonate of lead (carbonate 
of lead, gr. xlviij ; benzoinated lard, 2jj); accord- 
ing to Ph. Br., carbonate of lead, gr. Ixij ; 
simple ointment, §j. U. plum'bi compos'itum, 
Compound ointment of lead (emp. plumbi, ibiij ; ol. 
oliv., ; cret. praepar., ; acid. acet, dil., 
f§vj); used as a dressing to flabby, indolent ulcers. 
U. plum'bi io'didi (Ph. U. S.), Ointment of iodide of 
lead (iodide of lead, gr. xlviij ; benzoinated lard, ; 
according to the Ph. Br., iodide of lead, gr. Ixij ; sim- 
ple ointment, ; used as eutrophic in chronic gland- 
ular and other swellings. U. plum'bi ox'idi car- 
bona'tis, unguentum plumbi subcarbonatis. U. 
plum'bi subaceta'tis compos'itum (solution of sub- 
acetate of lead, ; camphor, gr. lx; white wax, 
§viij; oil of almonds, Oj). U. plum'bi subcar- 
bona'tis, U. plumbi carbonatis, Ointment of car- 
bonate of lead; used as a dressing for burns. 
U. plum'bi superaceta'tis, Ointment of sugar or 
acetate of lead, Saturnine ointment (acetate of lead, 
gr. xij ; benzoinated lard, 5j); cooling; desiccative. U. 
plum'bici carbona'tis, unguentum plumbi subcar- 
bonatis. U. popule'um (fresh buds of the Popula 
nigra, 500 p., adeps suillus praep., 1500 p.; black poppy 
leaves, belladonna, hyoscyamus, black nightshade, aa 
128 p.); anodyne; applied to local inflammations, 
hemorrhoids, sore nipples, cancer, etc. See Populus. 
U. potas'sae hydrioda'tis, Ointment of iodide of potas- 
sium (potass, iod., gr. lx; aquae, ITLxxx; adipis, gr. 
cccxx; or potass, iodid., gr. Ixiv; potassii carbonat., 
gr. iv; aquae destillat., fSj ; adipis praeparat., §j); 
rubbed on scrofulous glands, goitre, etc. U. potas'sae 
sulphura'tae (Ph. U. S), Ointment of sulphurated pot- 
ash (potassae sulphurat., gr. xxx ; hard paraffin, 
soft paraffin, 5|.; Ph. Br.). U. potas'sii io'didi, 
Ointment of iodide of potassium (iodide of potassium, 
gr. lx; hyposulphite of sodium, gr. v; boiling water, 
Tfi,xxx i lard, gr. cccc) (iodide of potassium, gr. 
Ixiv; carbonate of potassium, gr. iv; water, f,5j ; 
benzoinated lard, ; Ph. Br.). U. pul'veris mel'- 
oes vesicato'rii, cerate of cantharides. U. resi'nae 
(resin, in coarse powder, 4 p.; yellow wax, 2 p.; sim- 
ple ointment, 8 p.; almond oil. 1 p.). U. resi'nae fla'vae, 
ceratum resinae flavae. U. resi'nae ni'grae, Black basil- 
icon, Black resin ointment, Ointment of pitch. Ointment of 
black pitch (resin, nigr., cerae flavae, resinae flav., aa 
; olei olivae, Oj); uses the same as those of cera- 
tum resinae or yellow basilicon. U. resi'nae pi'ni 
sylves'tris compos'itum, unguentum de althaea. U. 
resino'sum, ceratum resinae flavae. U. resumptl'- 
vum, unguentum de althaea. U. sabi'nae, ceratum 
sabinae. U. sambu'ci, Green ointment, Elder oint- 
ment (sambuci flor., tbij ; adipis praep., ibij); emol- 
lient. U. saturni'num, unguentum plumbi super- 
acetatis. U. sim'plex, ceratum Galeni; unguen- 
tum cerae; unguentum. U. sol'idum de cicu'ta, 
emplastrum cicutae. U. sperm'atis ce'ti, unguen- 
tum cetacei. U. staphisa'griae, ointment of staves- 
acre (stavesacre seeds, benzoinated lard, 5viij ; 
Ph. B.); used for parasitic skin diseases. U. stra- 
mo'nii (Ph. U.S.), Ointment of stramonium, Stramonium 
ointment (extract of stramonium, gr. xxviij ; water, 
1125 
UNGULATE 
fi^xxx; benzoinated lard, gr. cccclxxx); anodyne 
ointment to irritable ulcers, hemorrhoids, etc. S. 
subaceta'tis cu'pri, Ointment of subacetate of copper, 
Verdigris ointment (cupri subacet., 3j ung. simpl., 
3xv); detergent and escharotic. U. sulphura'tum 
alcali'num ad sca'biem, Helmer ich's alkaline sulphu- 
rated itch ointment (adip. prsep., 800 p., sulphur, lot., 
200 p.; carbonat. potass, pur., 100 p.); use same as the 
last. U. sulphura'tum ad sca'biem (adipis, 120 p.; 
sulph. lot., 60 p.; ammoniae muriat., aluminas sulphat., 
aa 4 p.); antipsoric. U. sul'phuris (Ph. U. S.) (rub 
sublimed sulphur, gr. cxxx; benzoinated lard, gr. 
ccc. According to the Ph. Br., sublimed sulphur, 
; benzoinated lard, §iv) ; Sulphur ointment; 
used chiefly in itch and some herpetic affec- 
tions. U. sul'phuris alkali'num (Ph. U. S.), 
Alkaline sulphur ointment (washed sulphur, gr. 
xcvj; carbonate of potassium, gr. xlviij; water, 
ripxxx; benzoinated lard, gr. cccxij). U. sul'phuris 
compos'itum, Compound sulphur ointment, Itch oint- 
ment (sulph. sublim., ibss; veratri rad., ; potassae 
nitrat., 3j ; saponis mollis, ibss; adipis, ibiss; ol. ber- 
gamot, 1TLXXX- Unguentum sulphuris compositum of 
the older Ph. U. S. was made as follows: Sulphur, 
; hydrargyri ammoniat., acid, benzoic, aa 5j ; ol. 
bergamot., acid, sulphuric, aa f.qj ; potassae nitrat., 
5ij ; adipis, ibss); use same as the last, but it is more 
stimulating. U. sul'phuris io'didi, Ointment of iodide 
of sulphur (iodide of sulphur, gr. xxx ; hard paraffin, 
soft paraffin, Ph. B.); excellent application 
in chronic cutaneous affections. U. tab'aci, Tobacco 
ointment (tabac., adipis, ; aquae, q. s.; 
applied to irritable ulcers, tinea capitis, etc. U. 
tar'tari emet'ici, U. antimonii. U. tar'tari stibia'ti, 
U. antimonii. U. e tar'taro potas'sae stibia'ti, U. 
antimonii. U. tartra'tis potas'sae stibia'ti, U. 
antimonii. U. de terebin'thina et adip'ibus, U. elemi 
compositum. U. de terebin'thina et cerd, U. de 
althaea. U. terebin'thinse, Ointment of turpentine 
(oil of turpentine, ; resin, gr. liv; yellow wax, 
prepared lard, aa Ph. Br.); uses the same as 
ceratum resinae or yellow basilicon. U. terebin'thinae 
et ovo'rum vitel'li, U. digestivum simplex. U. tetra- 
phar'macum, basilicon ; U. resinae nigrae. U. tri- 
phar'macum, U. plumbi superacetatis. U. tut'ias, 
U. oxidi zinci impuri. U. vera'tri, U. veratri albi, 
White hellebore ointment (veratr., §ij; adipis, §viij ; 
olei limon, tffxx); used in cases of itch where sul- 
phur is objected to. U. veratri'nse (Ph. U. S.), Oint- 
ment of veratrine, Veratrine ointment (veratrine, gr. xx; 
alcohol, tffxxx1 benzoinated lard, gr. cccclxxx) 
(veratrine, gr. viij ; hard paraffin, Ai; soft paraffin, 
olive oil, f ; Ph. Br.); to be rubbed on the 
part in neuralgic and other pains. U. ad vesica'ta, 
U. lyttae. U. ad vesicato'ria, cerate of cantharides. 
U. vesicato'rium, ungentum lyttae. U. vir'ide, un- 
guentum subacetatis cupri. U. zin'ci, U. zinci oxidi. 
U. zin'ci olea'ti (oleate of zinc, ; soft paraffin, 
gj; Ph. Br.); used in chronic eczema and other 
skin diseases. U. zin'ci ox'idi (Ph. U. S.), Zinc oint- 
ment, Ointment of oxide of sine (oxide of zinc, gr. xc; 
benzoinated lard, gr. ccclx. In the Ph. B. it is made 
by adding oxide of zinc, gr. Ixxx, to benzoinated 
lard, ; use the same as that of unguentum tutiae. 
Un'gues adun'cl (hooked nails). See Onychogry- 
phosis. U. fibro'si, condition of the nails in which 
they appear to have a fibrous structure. 
Unguiculate, un-gwik'u-late (unguis, claw). Resem- 
bling a claw or hook. 
Un'guis (nail). Hippocampus minor; nail; onyx; 
pterygiou. U. a'vis, hippocampus minor. U. invo- 
lu'tus, onyxis. U. odora'tus, blatta bysantia. U. os, 
Lacrymal bone, bone situate at the anterior and inner 
part of the orbit. It aids in the formation of the 
lacrymal gutter and the nasal duct. 
Ungula caballina, un'gu-lah xab-al-le'nah (horse's 
hoof). Tussilago. 
Ungulae palpebrarum, un'gu-le pal-pe-brah'rum 
(hoofs of the eyelids). See Tarsus. 
Un'gulate (ungula, a hoof). Having hoofs; a term 
applied to animals so constituted. UNHEALTHY 
Unhealth/y. Sickly. 
Unicellular, u-ne-sel'u-lar. One-celled. 
Unicist, u'nis-ist. One who denies the existence 
of more than one specific virus, as in syphilis; opposed 
to dualist. 
Unicorn (u'ne-korn) root. Aletris farinosa; Chamse- 
lirium luteum. U. u'terus, uterus having but one 
cornu, usually from atrophy of a Muller's duct. 
Unilateral, u-ne-lat'er-al. Relating to one side. 
Unilocular, u-ne-lok'u-lar (unus, one, loculus, cell). 
Having one cell or cavity; as bilocular means having 
two cells; multilocular, having many cells. 
U'nio. Pearl. 
Unioc'ulus (units, one, oculus, eye). Having only 
one eye; Cyclops; monoculus. 
U'nion. Healing. U. by first and sec'ond inten'- 
tion, see Intention. 
Unipara, u-nip'ar-ah. Woman having but one 
child at a birth. 
Uniparous (u-nip'ar-us) or Unipariens, u-ne-pah'- 
re-ens (unus, one, pario, to bring forth). Producing 
one child at a birth. 
Unip'olar (unus, one, polus, pole). Usually applied 
to certain nerve-cells having but one projection, as 
opposed to bipolar. 
Unisema deltifolia, u-nis'a-mah del-te-fo'le-ah 
(unus, one, semen, seed). Shovel pickerel-weed, Pond 
shovel, Shovel-leaf, Water plantain. Indigenous aquatic 
plant; root is emollient and astringent. 
Unisep'tate. Having one septum. 
U'nit of electric'ity. The unit quantities in elec- 
tricity are expressed in terms of the units of length, 
mass, and time, and for scientific purposes these are 
taken as one centimetre, one gramme, and one second 
respectively (Steavenson and Jones). Thus the unit of 
velocity is one centimetre per second; the unit of 
acceleration, one unit of velocity, sometimes called a 
vel per second; that is, a velocity of one centimetre 
per second added per second. The unit of force is 
that force which, when acting on a mass of one 
gramme, gives it unit acceleration, or which, when 
acting on one gramme for one second, gives it a ve- 
locity of one centimetre per second, and is called one 
dyne. The electrostatic unit of quantity is that quan- 
tity which when placed at one centimetre from an 
equal and similar quantity repels it with the force of 
one dyne. This system is called the centimetre- 
gramme-second system of units (c. G. s.). For practi- 
cal calculation and use these units are not of a con- 
venient size: those of electromotive force and of re- 
sistance being inconveniently small and that of the 
current inconveniently large. A system of practical 
units has therefore been derived from these as follows: 
U. of capacity, that capacity which would require one 
coulomb to change it to one volt. See U. of quantity. 
One one-thousand-millionth of the absolute unit of 
capacity is called one farad. U. of current, the cur- 
rent which is given by an electromotive force of one 
volt acting through a resistance of one ohm; that is, 
one-tenth of an absolute unit is called one ampere 
(formerly known as one Weber). U. of electromotive 
force, the practical unit consists of one hundred mil- 
lion absolute units, and is called the volt. It is a little 
less than the electromotive force of one Daniell's cell. 
U. of quantity, one ampere for one second carries 
one coulomb of electricity past any point in the cir- 
cuit, a coulomb being the quantity of electricity that 
passes in a second in a conductor which has the re- 
sistance of one ohm with one volt of electromotive 
force. Another unit of electricity is the quantity 
which would be carried by one ampere in an hour. 
This is called an ampere-hour and is equal to 3600 
coulombs. U. of resistance, one thousand million 
absolute units is called the ohm. The Paris Congress 
of Electricians in 1884 defined a unit of resistance to 
be called a legal ohm ; represented by the resistance 
of a column of pure mercury at 0° C., one square 
millimetre in section, and 106 centimetres long, and 
less than the true ohm by about 0.3 per cent. As 
these units are inconveniently great or small at times, 
certain prefixes are used to the names to denote mul- 
1126 
URANISCUS 
tiples or submultiples of these quantities. Thus a 
megohm is one million ohms; a microvolt is one-mil- 
lionth of a volt; a microfarad one-millionth of a farad; 
a milliampere is one-thousandth of an ampere, and is 
the unit of current used in medicine. U. of heat, the 
unit generally employed is the amount of heat required 
to raise the temperature of 1 kilogramme of water from 
0° C. to 1° C. (For other units see Weights and Meas- 
ures and Metric system, included under that head.) 
U'nitary. Relating to, or having nature of, a 
unit. Also applied to monstrosities having the organs 
of a single individual. 
Uni'ting band'age (unus, one). A bandage for 
bringing the edges of a wound into approximation. 
The arrangement of such a bandage differs according 
as the wound is transverse or longitudinal. 
Univ'alent. Term applied to an element having 
an atomicity equivalent to one atom of hydrogen. 
Univer'sal joint. Ball-and-socket joint. 
Univ'ocal genera'tion (wnws, one, vox, voice). See 
Generation. 
Unoculus, u-nok'u-lus (unus, one, oculus, eye). 
Having one eye; cyclops; monoculus. 
Uno'na polycar'pa. Coelocline polycarpa. 
Unor'ganized. Inorganic. See Organic. 
Unsound'. Diseased ; infirm; sickly. 
Unsound'ness of mind. Disordered mental con- 
dition incapacitating the individual for management 
of his affairs. 
Unstri'ated muscle. See Muscle. 
Un'striped mus'cular fi'bre. See Muscular fibre. 
Unto'mool. Tylophcea asthmatica. 
Unwell'. See Indisposition. Term applied by the 
laity to the person menstruating. 
U'pas. In the archipelagos of Molucca and Sunda, 
a vegetable poison used for poisoning arrows. The tree 
producing it is said to be the Antiaris or Ipo toxicaria. 
Another species of upas, U. tieute, Tshettik or Tjettek, is 
the product of Strychnos tieute, Upas antiar, like cor- 
roval and vao, South American arrow-poisons paralyz- 
ing the heart; while U. tieute causes the most violent 
convulsions. 
Upland bone'set. Eupatorium sesilifolium. U. 
su'mach, Rhus glabra. 
Up'per po'lar circle. Upper third of uterine cavity. 
Urachal, u'rak-al (urachus). Relating to the urachus. 
U. fold, duplicature of peritoneum surrounding 
the urachus. U. fos'sa, see Inguinal fossa. 
Urachus, u'rak-us (ouron, urine, echo, to contain). 
Remains of tubular canal existing in the embryo and 
connecting the cavity of the bladder with the allantois, 
gaining exit from the bladder by the umbilicus. In 
the adult it exists as a flbromuscular cord extending 
from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus, Liga- 
mentum suspensorium urachi or vesicse. 
Uracratia, u-rak-rat'e-ah (ouron, akratos, powerless). 
Enuresis. 
Uracus, u'rak-us. Urachus. 
Urse'mia (ouron, haima, blood). Urhiemia. Certain 
morbid phenomena, implicating the nervous centres 
more especially, due to retention of excrementitious 
substances in the blood which are normally excreted 
by the kidneys, as in Bright's disease. The symp- 
toms are those affecting the brain, as mania, delu- 
sional insanity, convulsions, coma, headache, etc., 
dyspnoea, and gastro-intestinal complications. 
Urae'mic. Relating to uraemia. 
Ura'li. Curare. 
Uralium, u-ral'e-um. Combination of urethan and 
chloral hydrate, having hypnotic action. 
U'rana. Ureter. 
U'rane. Urinal. 
Uranisconitis, u-ran-is-kon-e'tis (uraniscus, palate, 
itis). Inflammation of the palate. 
Uraniscoplasty, u-ran-is'ko-plas-te (ouraniskos, 
canopy, plastikos, forming). Uraniscoplastice. Opera- 
tion for repair of fissure in the hard palate. 
Uraniscorrhaphia, u-ran-is-kor-rhaf'e-ah (uranis- 
cus, rhaphe, suture). Staphylorraphy. 
Uraniscus, u-ran-is'kus (uraniskos, a canopy). 
Palate. URANIUM 
Ura'nium. A rare metal obtained from certain 
minerals. Nitrate of uranium is used in spray form 
as an astringent in throat affections; also internally 
as an antidiabetic. 
Uranoma'nia (ouranos, heaven, mania). Species of 
megalomania, or delirium of grandeur, referring to a 
heavenly origin, etc. 
U'ranoplasty. Uraniscoplasty. 
Uranorrhaphia, u-ran-or-rhaf'he-ah. Staphylor- 
rhaphy. 
Uranoschisis, u-ran-os'kis-is (uraniscus, schisis, sepa- 
ration). Cleft palate. 
U'ranus (ouranos, canopy). Palate. 
Uraposte'ma (ouron, apostema, abscess). Tumefaction 
caused by escape of urine; abscess containing urine. 
Ura'ri. Curare. 
Ura'rin. Curarine, active principle of curare. 
U'ras. Urate. 
U'rate. Lithate. A generic name for salts formed 
by the combination of uric or lithic acid with differ- 
ent bases. Urate or lithate of sodium, for example, 
is found in arthritic and certain urinary concretions; 
urate or lithate of ammonium in certain urinary de- 
posits. The urate of ammonium, ammonii uras, is used 
externally as an ointment in chronic cutaneous affec- 
tions. The urate of quinia, a soluble yellow salt, has 
been employed in intermittents. See Calculi, urinary, 
and Urine, examination of. 
Uratosis, u-rat-o'sis. Deposition of crystalline 
urates in the tissues or fluids of the body. 
Ure'a (ouron). A white, pearly, brilliant substance, 
in transparent plates, inodorous, and of a cool taste; 
very soluble in water; deliquescent, and soluble in 
alcohol. A carbamide, COH4N2, carrying off the 
largest quantity of all the nitrogen taken in the food. 
Principal solid constituent of urine, and also found 
in several animal fluids, as chyle, blood, lymph, etc., 
and in muscular tissue. See Urine, examination of. 
Ure'al. Relating or appertaining to urea. 
Ureameter, u-re-am'et-ur. Apparatus for estimat- 
ing amount of urea in urine. 
Urecchysis, u-rek'is-is (ouron, ecchusis, effusion). 
Effusion of urine into the areolar tissue. 
Urechites (u-rek-e'tees) suberec'ta. Savannah 
flower, Yellow nightshade. Poisonous plant indigenous 
to Jamaica, with effects similar to strophanthus. 
Urechitin, u-rek-e'tin. Toxic glucoside obtained 
from leaves of Urechites suberecta. 
Urechitoxin, u-rek-e-toks'in. Product of leaves of 
Urechites suberecta, decidedly toxic in effect, and 
recommended as an antidote to curare. 
Uredo, u-ra'do (uro, to burn). Urticaria. 
Urelcosis, u-rel-ko'sis (ouron, helkos, ulcer). Ulcer- 
ative urethritis. 
Urema, u-ra'mah. Urine. 
U'ren. Urea. 
Uren'ium. Urea. 
U'rens (uro, to burn). Caustic. 
Ureorrhoea, u-ra-or-rhe'ah (ouron, rheo, to flow). 
Diabetes. 
Uresiaesthesis, u-res-e-ees-tha'sis (ouresis, aisthesis, 
feeling). The desire to pass water. 
Uresis, u-ra'sis (ouresis). Micturition. 
Ureter, u-re'ter. A cylindrical fibromuscular tube, 
one on each side of the body, sixteen to eighteen 
inches in length, which conveys the urine from the 
kidney to the bladder. It extends obliquely between 
the pelvis of the kidney and the bas-fond of the blad- 
der, into which it opens. It enters the bladder at the 
posterior angle of the trigone vesical. 
Ureteral'gia (ureter, algos, pain). Pain in the 
course of the ureter-as from calculus, Ureteralgia 
calculosa. 
Ureteric, u-re-ter'ik. Relating to the ureter. 
Ureter'icus (ureter). An epithet for ischury, etc. 
arising from an affection of the ureter. 
Ureteri'tis (ureter, itis). Inflammation of the ure- 
ter ; generally caused by calculus. 
Ure'terolith (ureter, lithos, stone). Calculus in the 
ureter. 
Ureterolithicus, u-ret-er-o-lith'ik-us (same etymon). 
1127 
URETHRALIS 
Ischury or other affection caused by a stone in the 
ureter. 
Ureterolysis, u-ret-er-ol'is-is (ureter, lusis, solution). 
Rupture of the ureter. 
Ureterophlegmasia, u-ret-er-o-fleg-maz'e-ah (ureter, 
phlegmasia, inflammation). Ureteritis. 
Ureterophlegmatic, u-ret-er-o-fleg-mat'ik (ureter, 
phlegma, phlegm). Term applied to any affection 
caused by mucus accumulated in the ureter. 
Ureteropyicus, u-ret-er-o-pe'ik-us (ureter, puon, 
pus). Relating to an affection caused by the presence 
of pus in the ureter. 
Ureteropyosis, u-ret-er-o-pe-o'sis (ureter, puon, pus). 
Suppuration in the ureter. 
Ureterorrhag'ia (ureter, rhage, rupture). Hemor- 
rhage from the ureter. 
Ureterostenoma, u-ret-er-o-sten-o'mah (ureter, ste- 
nos, narrow). Narrowing of the ureter. 
Ureterostomat'ic (ureter, stoma, orifice). Dependent 
upon obstruction of the orifice of the ureter. 
Ureterothromboi'des (ureter, thrombos, a clot, eidos, 
resemblance). Ischury from grumous blood in the 
ureter; 
Ureterotomy, u-re-ter-ot'o-me (ureter, tome, incis- 
ion). Incision in the ureter. 
Ure'thane. Ethyl carbamate. Carbonate of ethylic 
ether, produced by action of nitrate of urea on ethyl 
alcohol; occurring in crystals or crystalline masses, 
and asserted to be antispasmodic in tetanus and 
eclampsia; hypnotic and antipyretic. Also employed 
as an antidote for strychnia-poisoning. 
Ure'thra (oureo, to pass the urine). Excretory duct 
for the urine in both sexes and for the sperm in man. 
In the latter it is eight or ten inches long, and ex- 
tends from the neck of the bladder, ostium vesicale, 
to the extremity of the penis. In the male urethra 
three portions are distinguished: 1. Prostatic por- 
tion, traversing the prostate gland. 2. Membranous 
portion, between layers of triangular ligament. 3. 
Spongy portion, within corpus spongiosum urethrae. 
Before opening externally, the canal has a dilatation 
called the fossa or fovea or fossicula navicularis or 
Morgagnii. The urethra is lined in its whole extent 
by a mucous membrane, on which are seen, particu- 
larly at the bulb, the orifices of a number of follicular 
ducts, lacunae or sinuses or foramina of Morgagni, pro- 
ceeding from or constituting the glands of Morgagni 
or of Littre. About an inch and a half from the open- 
ing of the meatus one of these lacunae is generally 
found much larger than the rest, and is named la- 
cuna magna. The female urethra is about an inch 
and a half long. It is very wide at its commence- 
ment, termimating at the top of the external aperture 
of the vagina by the meatus urinarius. 
The following measurements of the female urethra 
have been recently made (Vierordt): 
Length 34 (27-40) mm. 
Breadth 7 
Thickness of wall 5 
Bulbi vestibuli (when veins are in an injected 
condition) 30-35 long. 
Glands of Bartholin: 
Length 14-16 
Breadth 9-11 
Thickness 5-7 
Excretory duct 15-18 long. 
Ure'thra, blind ducts of the. Mucous lacunae of 
the urethra. U., stric'tureof the, see Urethrostenosis. 
U., vas'cular tu'mor of, Urethral hemorrhoid or poly- 
pus ; small scarlet, extremely sensitive, spongy vege- 
tation at the opening of the female urethra; see Hem- 
orrhoids. 
Ure'thral. Relating to the urethra. U. chan'ere, 
see Chancre. U. fe'ver, see Fever, urethral. U. hem'- 
orrhoids, urethra, vascular tumor of. U. pol'ypus, 
urethra, vascular tumor of. U. rheum'atism, see 
Rheumatism, urethral. U. shock, rigor and collapse 
following urethral operation or catheterization. 
Urethralgia, u-re-thral'je-ah (urethra, algos, pain). 
Pain in the urethra; gonorrhoea. 
Urethra'lis. Urethral. Ischio-urethralis muscle. URETHRAMETER 
Urethram'eter (urethra, metron, measure). Instru- 
ment used in measuring the calibre of the urethra. 
Urethremphraxis, u-re-threm-fraks'is. Obstruc- 
tion of the urethra. 
Urethri'tis (urethra, itis). Inflammation of the 
urethra; gonorrhoea. 
Urethroblennorrhoea, u-re-thro-blen-nor-rhe'ah 
(urethra, blenna, mucus, rheo, to flow). Gonorrhoea; 
gleet. 
Urethrocele, u-re-thro-se'le (Eng. u-re'thro-seel) 
(urethra, kele, tumor). Pouch-like thickening or pro- 
trusion of mucous membrane of female urethra, hav- 
ing the appearance of a tumor, and leading at times 
to ulceration and vesical catarrh. 
Urethrocystauchenotomia, u-re-thro-sis-tauk-en- 
o-tom'e-ah (urethra, kustauchen, neck of the bladder, 
tome, incision). See Lithotomy. 
Urethrocysteo-aneurysmatotomia, u-re-thro-sis'te- 
o-an-u-riz-mat-o-tom'e-ah (urethra, kustis, the bladder, 
aneurusma, dilatation, tome, incision). See Lithotomy. 
Urethrocysteotrachelotomia, u - re - thro -s is - te - o - 
trak-e-lo-tom'e-ah (urethra, kustis, the bladder, trache- 
los, neck, temno, to cut). See Lithotomy. 
Urethrohaemorrhagia, u-re-thro-hem-or-rhaj'e-ah 
(urethra, haima, blood, rhegnumi, to break forth). 
Hemorrhage from the urethra. 
Urethrophraxis, u-re-thro-fraks'is (urethra, phrasso, 
to obstruct). Obstruction of the urethra. 
Urethroplastic, u-re-thro-plas'tik (urethra, plasso, to 
form). An epithet for a plastic operation, Urethro- 
plasty, which supplies defects in canal of urethra. 
Ure'throplasty. See Urethroplastic. 
Urethrorraphy, u-re-thror'raf-e. Urethrorrhaphy. 
Urethrorrhagia, u-re-thror-rhaj'e-ah (urethra, rheg- 
numi, to break forth). Hemorrhage from the urethra. 
Urethrorrhaphy, u-re-thror'rhaf-e (urethra, rhaphe, 
suture). The operation of closing a urethral fistula 
by suture. 
Urethrorrhoe'a (urethra, rheo. to flow). Discharge 
of any kind from the urethra. 
Ure'throscope (urethra, skopeo, to examine). Form 
of endoscope on the principle of the ophthalmoscope, 
etc., for inspecting the interior of the urethra. 
Ure'throscopy. Inspection of the interior of the 
urethra by means of the urethroscope. 
Urethrospasm, u-re'thro-spazm. Spasm of the 
urethra. 
Urethrosteno'sis (urethra, stenosis, narrowness). 
Stricture of the urethra; may be spasmodic or organic. 
Organic stricture is caused by the contraction of in- 
flammatory deposit upon, within, or beneath the mu- 
cous membrane, or of the cicatrix of a ruptured or 
injured urethra; the former being simple organic 
stricture, the latter traumatic or cicatricial stricture. 
Other varieties are described, as whipcord, ring, bri- 
dle, and ribbon strictures. 
Ure'throtome (urethra, tome, incision). An instru- 
ment for dividing strictures of the urethra. 
Urethrot'omy, Section of urethra for removal of 
stricture. U., exter'nal, division of stricture by ex- 
ternal section into the urethra. U., inter'nal, divis- 
ion of stricture by internal section of urethra. 
Urethrovaginal, u-re-thro-vaj-i'nal. Eelating to 
the urethra and vagina, as urethrovaginal fistula. 
Urethrymeno'des (urethra, hymen, a membrane). 
Caused by a membrane formed in the urethra. 
Ure'tic (ouretikos). Diuretic; urinary. 
Uretics, u-ret'iks (ouron, urine). Medicines which 
influence the urinary secretion. 
Uretra, u-re'trah. Urethra. 
Uretris, u-ra'tris (ouretris, a urinal). Urinal. 
Ureum, u-ra'um. Urea. 
Urginea scilla, ur-jin'e-ah sil'lah. Scilla. 
Urhae'mia. Uraemia. 
Urhelko'sis. Ulcerative urethritis. 
Urhidro'sis. Urinous sweating. 
U'rias. Urinary fistula; urethra. 
Uriasis, u-re'as-is. Lithiasis; uresis. 
Uric acid, u'rik as'id. Lithic, Urylic, Calculous, 
Bezoardic, Lithiasic, or Lithenic acid. Dibasic acid 
normal in urine, chiefly as sodium acid urate, average 
1128 
URINARY 
amount being 0.05 per cent, of urine voided; also 
found in combination with potassium, ammonium, 
calcium, and magnesium. It crystallizes most often 
in wedge-shaped crystals; other forms resemble bar- 
rels, sheaves, rosettes, combs, etc.; soluble in 15,000 
parts of water, insoluble in alcohol. It is found in 
the excrement of some animals, as birds, molluscs, 
and insects, and solid urine of serpents, and in Peru- 
vian guano. It is the principal eliminant of nitrogen 
next to urea. See Calculi, urinary, and Urine, examina- 
tion of. U. ac'id diath'esis, lithsemia. U. ac'id 
show'ers, occasional increase of amount of uric acid 
in chronic gout. U. ox'ide, Xanthic oxide, Xanthine, 
Urous acid; substance first discovered in urinary 
calculus; more recently has been found as a normal, 
though scanty, constituent of urine, muscles, liver, 
spleen, and thymus gland. It is a colorless powder, 
insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether, but readily 
dissolves in dilute acids and alkalies. 
Uricsemia, u-rik-e'me-ah (uric acid, haima, blood). 
Condition of the blood in which there is presumed to 
be an excess of uric acid. 
U'ricum. Urea. 
U'ricus. Urinary. 
Uridro'sis (ouron, hidros, sweat). Urinous sweat- 
ing, as in cholera, uraemic poisoning, etc. 
Uri'na. Urine. U. cerebel'la, urine of whitish 
appearance, of a color similar to that of the brain or 
cerebellum. U. ci'bi or chy'li, urine secreted after 
digestion of a full meal. U. crystal'lina, deposit of 
crystalline substance on the skin from urinous sweat. 
U. dlabet'ica, diabetic urine. U. febri'lis, urine, 
febrile. U. furfura'cea, see Furfuraceous. U. galac- 
to'des, urine of a milky color. U. genita'lls, sperm. 
U. jumento'sa or jumenta'ria, urine, jumentous. U. 
muco'sa, cystirrhcea. U. nephelo'des, cloudy urine. 
U. pericar'dii, see Pericardium. U. po'tus, urine 
secreted after ingestion of fluids. U. san'guinis, 
urine which is of average density secreted indepen- 
dently of immediate stimulus of food and drink, as 
after a night's rest. U. uroboi'des or orobo'des, see 
Orobo'ides. U. vac'cse, urine, cow's. 
Urinaculum, u-rin-ak'u-lum. Urachus; urinal. 
Uri'nae proflu'vium (a flux of urine). Diabetes. 
U. stillicid'ium, strangury. U. substil'lum, strangury. 
U. suppres'sio, retention or suppression of urine; see 
Urination. 
Urinsemia, u-rin-e'me-ah (ouron, urine, haima, 
blood). Presence of urinary materials in the blood. 
U'rinal. Name given to certain vessels used to pass 
the urine into, and to reservoirs of different shapes 
and character adapted to the penis in incontinence of 
urine, and intended to receive the urine as it flows off. 
Urina'lis. Diuretic; urinary. 
Urina'ria. Antirhinum linaria ; Leontodon tarax- 
acum. 
U'rinary; That which relates to the urine. U. 
apparatus, urinary organs. U. blad'der, the Blad- 
der ; a musculomembranous reservoir situate in the 
hypogastric region, between the rectum and pubis in 
man, and between the pubis and vagina in the fe- 
male. Its upper region is covered by the peritoneum 
posteriorly. Its lower region is bounded, anteriorly, 
by the prostate in man, and rests on the vesiculse 
seminales and rectum; in the female it corresponds 
to the vagina. The lowest portion of this organ 
bears the name bas-fond, in which the ureters open 
and the urethra commences; the triangular space 
which the apertures of these three canals leave be- 
tween them is termed Vesical triangle, Trigonus or 
Trigonum vesicas or Lieutaudi, Corpus trigonum. The 
anterior surface of the bladder is not covered by peri- 
toneum. It is attached to the symphysis pubis by a 
fibrocellular expansion, the anterior ligament. The 
posterior ligaments or rectovesical folds are duplica- 
tures of peritoneum on its posterior surface, extend- 
ing from this surface to the rectum in the male and 
the uterus in the female. The bladder is composed of 
four coats-serous, muscular, submucous, and mucous. 
In the neck of the bladder there is, at its lower part, 
a more or less prominent tubercle, the Vesical uvula, URINARY 
Uvula vesicee, Valvula vesico-urethralis or pylorica. The 
following facts are of interest (Vierordt): 
Weight of bladder and ureters, 193 g. (E. Bischoff). 
Height (from fundus to vertex) . . . 50-100 mm. 
Breadth . . 40- 90 
Antero-posterior thickness40- 70 
Natural capacity (in the living) . . . 200-400 c.cm. (Krause). 
Men. Women. 
When urine is retained intentionally, 710 650l'«',?,rrgfe 
According to examinations of cadavers, 735 6801 (Hoffmannj 
Wall when contracted15 mm. (Luschka), 12 thick. 
" when moderately distended 3-4, at trigonum 6 
Mucous membrane0.1 
Epithelium0.06-0.1 
Acinous glands 0.09-0.54 in size. 
U. cal'culi, the calculi which form in the urinary pas- 
sages ; see Calculi, urinary. U. deposit, solid particles 
of urine precipitated by reagents or which settle to the 
bottom of a vessel after standing for a few hours. U. 
1129 
URINATION 
fever, fever, urethral. U. fis'tula, abnormal commu- 
nication between the urinary passages and external 
surface. Urine sometimes finds an outlet through it. 
U. or'gans, Urinary apparatus; organs concerned in 
formation of urine-the kidneys; also the bladder 
and urinary passages. U. pas'sages, aggregate of 
canals and cavities containing the urine and convey- 
it externally; composed of excretory ducts, forming 
the tubular portion of the kidney-calices, pelvis, ure- 
ters, bladder, and urethra. 
Urination, u-rin-a'shun (urina, urine). Micturition. 
The act of passing water; also morbid frequency of 
passing the water. Urination may become patholog- 
ically interesting from abnormal change in this func- 
tion as regards volume, continuity, or direction of the 
stream passed. It may thus become sometimes uncon- 
trollable, or perhaps entirely checked, so that it may 
become impossible, as shown in the following table 
(E. Hurry Fenwick): 
I. Abnormal Urination. 
Sense of obstruction developing 
suddenly. 
Gonorrhoea. 
Acute prostatitis. 
Impaction of stone in urethra. 
Congested senile prostate. 
Alterations in the volume of the 
stream (size of efflux). 
Onanitic prostate. 
Chronic prostatitis. 
Stricture. 
Chronic lesions of spinal cord. 
Stone in the bladder. 
Orificial valves of mucous mem- 
brane. 
Stone in urethra. 
Senile enlargement of prostate. 
Pelvic tumors. 
Sense of obstruction developing 
gradually. 
Abnormal 
urination. 
Stone, clot, pedunculated growth, 
foreign body. 
Spasm. 
... .. . ,, .. .. . 
Alterations in the continuity of 
the stream (interruption of 
efflux). 
Efflux arrested suddenly. 
Atony, muscular or nervous. 
Muscular enfeeblement of fever 
or old age. 
Alterations in the direction of 
the stream (the parabola). 
Efflux arrested intermittently. 
Stream bifid. - Stricture. 
Stream vertical. - Enlarged prostate. 
II. Impossible Urination. 
Renal disease. 
Shock. 
Septicity. 
Hysteria. 
Reflex causes. 
Injury to one kidney. 
r Suppression of urine. 
Non-obstructive. 
Impossible urination 
(no urine passed). 
Obstructive. - Ureteral obstruction. 
Peritonitis. 
Fevers. 
Pressure on bladder neck. 
Rectal collections. 
Pelvic growths; hydatids. 
Soft malignant prostatic growths. 
Acute prostatitis. 
Congested stricture. 
Impacted stone in children. 
Ruptured urethra. 
Retention of urine. 
Urethral obstruction. 
Keflex spasmodic action. - Anal and hernial operations, etc. 
Nerve lesions. 
Acute myelitis. 
Tabes. 
III. Uncontrollable Urination. 
Irrepressible 
urination. 
Inflammatory. 
Cystospastic reflex. 
Chorea (?). 
Childhood. 
True incontinence. 
Sphincter paresis. 
After perineal lithotomy. 
Nocturnal. 
Dirty habits. 
Uncontrollable 
urination. 
False incontinence. 
Worms; polypus 
of rectum; over- 
acid or alkaline 
urine. 
Phimosis. 
Reflex conditions. 
Involuntary 
urination. 
Operative injury of sphincter. 
Advanced tuberculosis of bladder with 
sphincteric impairment. 
Other forms of sphincteric impair- 
ment. 
Injury or disease of spinal cord and 
brain abolishing sphincter power. 
Adult life up to fifty. 
True incontinence. 
False incontinence. 
Nocturnal. 
Ataxia with detrusor paresis. 
Tight stricture. 
Intoxication. 
True incontinence. 
Unsymmetrical enlargement of pros- 
tate. 
Old age. 
False incontinence. 
Nocturnal. 
Overflow of an atonic bladder from 
prostatic obstruction. URINATORIUM 
The influence of the nervous system and of arterial 
pressure on the secretion of urine is well exhibited in 
the following table (Kirkes): 
Secretion of urine may be increased- 
a. By increasing the general blood-pressure, by 
• 1. Increase of the force or frequency of heart-beat. 
2. Constriction of the small arteries of areas other 
than that of the kidney. 
$>. By increasing the local blood-pressure, by relaxation 
of the renal artery, without compensating relaxa- 
tion elsewhere; by 
1. Division of the renal nerves (causing polyuria). 
2. Division of the renal nerves and stimulation of 
the cord below the medulla (causing greater 
polyuria), 
3. Division of the splanchnic nerves; but the poly- 
uria produced is less than 1 or 2, as these nerves 
are distributed to a wider area, and the dilata- 
tion of the renal artery is accompanied by dila- 
tation of other vessels, and therefore with a 
somewhat diminished general blood-supply. 
4. Puncture of the floor of the fourth ventricle or 
mechanical irritation of the superior cervical 
ganglion of the sympathetic, possibly from the 
production of dilatation of the renal arteries. 
Secretion of urine may be diminished- 
a. By diminishing the general blood-pressure, by 
1. Diminution of the force or frequency of the heart- 
beats. 
2. Dilatation of capillary areas other than that of the 
kidney. 
3. Division of spinal cord below the medulla, which 
causes dilatation of the general abdominal area, 
and urine generally ceases being secreted. 
b. By increasing the blood- pressure, by stimulation of 
the spinal cord below the medulla, the constriction 
of the renal artery which follows not being com- 
pensated for by the increase of general blood-pres- 
sure. 
c. By constriction of the renal artery, by stimulating the 
renal or splanchnic nerves or the spinal cord. 
Sometimes the urine, in health and disease, exhibits 
appearances that have received special names. Thus, 
that which is characterized by a deficiency of solid 
matters generally has been called hydruria; by a 
deficiency of urea, anazoturia ; by a superabundance 
of urea, azoturia ; by the presence of albumin, albu- 
minuria ; by greater density, baruria. Urine in 
Which the deposit consists of lithic acid and the 
lithates has been termed lithuria; that in which the 
deposit consists of the earthy and earthy alkaline 
phosphates, phosphuria, ceramuria (ceramos, potter's 
earth), etc. At times a pellicle forms on the surface 
(cremor urinse), which consists of mucus and some 
salts; at others there is a cloud (nubecula, nubes) 
toward its upper part, which is sometimes suspended, 
as it were, about the middle of the liquid. Occasion- 
ally there is a sediment. See Calculi, urinary, and 
Urine, examination of. 
Human urine was at one time considered aperient, 
and was given in jaundice, in the dose of one or two 
ounces. Cow's urine, Allflower water, was once used 
warm from the cow as a purge, in the dose of Oss. 
Urinato'rium (urina). Urinal. 
U'rine (ouron). Excrementitial fluid secreted by 
the kidneys in which effete nitrogenized products are 
thrown out from the system. Urine is transparent, 
of a citron-yellow color, of a peculiar odor, and of 
an acid, saline, and slightly bitter taste. That which 
is passed some time after taking fluid is less colored, 
and less odorous and dense, than that which is voided 
some time after eating. 
The following are the ordinary constituents of 
healthy human urine: urea, uric acid, hippuric 
acid ; extractive matters, embracing alcohol extract, 
spirit extract, and water extract, with their respective 
constituents; mucus; brown coloring matter of the 
urine (hsemaphaein); red coloring matter of the 
urine (uro-erythrin); kreatinin, xanthiu, sarkin, 
oxalic acid, oxaluric acid, aromatic ethylsulphuric 
acid, sulphocyanic and succinic acids; sugar, lactic 
acid; chlorides, phosphates, and sulphates of potas- 
sium, sodium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium; iron, 
silicic acid, nitrites and nitrates; also peroxide of 
hydrogen. The proportion of solid matters in 1000 
1130 
URINE 
parts of urine may vary from 30 to 70 and upward. 
The average composition of urine is affected by the 
water and food taken, amount of labor-mental or 
physical-time of day, age, sex, temperature of the 
air, etc. Urine also contains gaseous matter, equal to 
about 1 per cent, by volume; of this, chiefly carbon 
dioxide, 88 per cent.; nitrogen, 11 per cent.; and 
oxygen, 1 per cent. 
The following table shows the average composition 
of urine and amount of each constituent voided 
daily: 
Voided 
per day. 
Water 
950 
Grains. 
Grammes. 
Urea 
... 28 
520.80 
35.00 
Uric acid 
. . . 0.60 
Organic 11.16 
0.75 
Hippuric acid . . . 
. . . 0.35 
matter, 6.51 
0.44 
Creatinine 
. . . 0.65 
37.60. 12.09 
0.81 
Extractives .... 
. . . 8.00 
148.80 
10.00 
Sodium chloride . . 
. . . 8.00 ' 
148.80 
10.00 
Phosphoric acid . . 
. . . 2.00 
Inor- 37.20 
2.50 
Sulphuric acid . . . 
. . . 1.25 
ganic 23.45 
1.56 
Lime (CaO) 
. . . 0.25 
matter, 4.65 
0.31 
Magnesia (MgO) . . 
. . . 0.30 
12.40. 5.58 
0.37 
Potash (K20) and soda (NaaO) 0.60 
11.16 
0.75 
Total 
. . 1000.00 
930.20 
62.49 
Water 
. . . 950.00 
Organic matter . . . 
. . . 37.60 
699.36 
47.00 
Inorganic matter . . 
. . . 12.40 
230.64 
15.49 
The average quantity of urine voided in twenty-four 
hours is from forty to sixty fluidounces. 
Urine, anaemic, denotes the form of urine that 
occurs in anaemia, chlorosis, etc. U., ar'dent, urine 
that is hot or of a deep-red color. U., black, melan- 
uria. U., blood'y, haematuria. U., chy'lous, chyl- 
uria. U., crude, urine that is thin, transparent, and 
but little colored, affording neither cloud nor deposit. 
U., cystin'ic, urine containing cystine or cystic oxide 
in solution or as a deposit. U., diabet'ic, Saccharine 
urine; urine passed in Diabetes mellitus, Mellituria, or 
Glycosuria, containing glucose which maybe separated 
in the form of crystals. The quantity of urine voided 
in diabetes mellitus is usually greater in health, and 
the normal urinous odor is generally absent. It is 
pale, limpid, of sweet taste, specific gravity usually 
ranging between 1030 and 1050, and even 1060. Glu- 
cose may be present, varying from a trace up to 10-12 
per cent., and even 14 per cent. See Diabetes and 
Urine, examination of (for detection of sugar). U., 
drop'sical, ammoniacal urine, often containing much 
albumin and scarcely any urea. U., dyspep'tic, has 
been found to precipitate tannin abundantly and to 
putrefy quickly. 
U'rine, examination of. The examination of 
urine includes the complete study of that fluid, either 
normal or abnormal, in all its various relations. The 
following facts are to be investigated (after Simon): 
I. Points to be considered in the analysis of urine.- 
These are: 1. Color, odor, general appearance- 
whether clear, smoky, cloudy, turbid, etc. 2. Reac- 
tion : whether acid, neutral, or alkaline to test-paper. 
3. Specific gravity. 4. Total amount of organic and 
inorganic solids. 5. Total amount of inorganic mat- 
ter (ash). 6. Determination of urea. 7. Determina- 
tion of uric acid. 8. Determination of inorganic 
acids and bases (hydrochloric, sulphuric, and phos- 
phoric acids; sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, 
and iron). 9. Determination of albumin. 10. Deter- 
mination of sugar. 11. Examination for bile. 12. 
Examination of any organic or inorganic sediment, 
either by chemical means or by the microscope. 
Samples of urine should always be drawn from the 
well-mixed and exactly-measured quantity of the 
total urine discharged in twenty-four hours. 
1. Color.-Reddish and smoky tint generally indi- 
cates the presence of blood, and a brownish-green 
suggests the presence of the coloring matter of bile- 
the normal coloring matters. The amount of indi- 
can is small, but it is increased in a number of dis- 
eases. The most convenient test is made by mixing 
equal volumes of urine and hydrochloric acid in a 
test-tube, and adding drop by drop a filtered solution 
of bleaching-powder until a green, violet, or blue 
color is noticed. Normal urine shows a green color URINE 
only, while a violet-red or intense blue color indicates 
the presence of indican. By shaking the contents of 
the test-tube with a little chloroform, the indican is 
absorbed by the latter, imparting to it a distinct blue 
color. If the urine should contain albumin, this 
must be separated before applying the test. Abnor- 
mal coloring matters are chiefly those of blood, bile, 
and of certain vegetables; rhubarb and senna leaves 
cause a reddish-yellow to deep-red color, especially in 
alkaline urine; santonin produces a bright-yellow 
color, changing to red or crimson on the addition of 
an alkali. Carbolic acid introduced into the system 
causes a dark, or even black, discoloration of urine. 
The coloring matters of blood may be recognized by 
adding to a few drops of urine a drop of freshly pre- 
pared tincture of guaiacum and agitating with a so- 
lution of ozonized ether (ethereal solution of hydro- 
gen dioxide); the latter is colored blue in case haemo- 
globin is present. In place of ozonized ether, oil of 
turpentine which has been in contact with atmo- 
spheric air for some weeks may be used, and the test 
made by allowing urine to flow down the test-tube 
containing a mixture of the oil and tincture; a blue 
coloration, slowly appearing at the juncture of the 
liquids, indicates the presence of blood. 
2. Odor.-The normal odor of fresh urine is some- 
times spoken of as aromatic. The ammoniacal and 
putrescent odor of urine after standing is due to the 
products of decomposition, chiefly ammonia. Aro- 
matic substances taken internally especially impart 
an odor to the urine; oil of turpentine, cubebs, copai- 
ba, asparagus, garlic, valerian, and other substances 
promptly transfer their odor to the urine of persons 
using these articles internally. 
3. Reaction.-This is generally acid in healthy urine 
recently passed, but may become neutral or alkaline 
within a short period by decomposition of urea and 
formation of ammonium carbonate. The acid reac- 
tion is due chiefly to free uric and hippuric acids, and 
also to acid phosphates of sodium and potassium. 
Urine may show a neutral or even alkaline reaction; 
in many cases the latter points to decomposition of 
urea in the bladder, but it may be due also to the 
elimination of alkaline carbonates from food taken 
or drugs administered. 
4. Specific Gravity.-The normal specific gravity is 
about 1.020, but it varies, even in health, from 1.012 
to 1.030 or more. A specific gravity above 1.030 may 
indicate the presence of sugar, larger quantities of 
which may cause it to rise to 1.050. Albuminous 
urine is frequently of low specific gravity, 1.010 to 
1.012. The specific gravity of urine, considered sepa- 
rately from the quantity of urine passed in twenty- 
four hours, is of no value, and in some diseases (as 
acute nephritis with albuminuria) the specific gravity 
of albuminous urine may be as high as 1.030, while a 
diabetic urine may have a specific gravity of 1.025 
or less, in consequence of a large volume passed. 
The specific gravity of urine is generally determined 
by the urinometer, a small hydrometer which can 
only give correct results at a certain degree of tem- 
perature, generally marked upon the instrument. 
5. Determination of Total Solids.-The last two fig- 
ures of the specific gravity of urine, multiplied by 
2.2, correspond to the number of grams in 1000 c.c. 
of urine. If, for instance, 1750 c.c. of urine of a 
specific gravity of 1.018 have been discharged in 
twenty-four hours, then the quantity of total solids 
in 1000 c.c. will be 18 X 2.2, or 39.6 grams; and in 
1750 c.c. 69.3 grams. This is a sufficiently exact 
method, but more minute ones are sometimes em- 
ployed. 
6. Determination of Inorganic Constituents.-The plat- 
inum dish containing the known quantity of total 
solids is exposed to a non-luminous flame until all 
organic matter has been destroyed and expelled. By 
reweighing and deducting the weight of the platinum 
dish, plus ash, from the weight of the dish, plus total 
solids, the quantity of total organic matter is deter- 
mined ; and by deducting weight of dish from weight 
of dish, plus ash, the total quantity of inorganic mat- 
1131 
URINE 
ter is found. In the analysis of the ash, chlorine is 
determined hy precipitating the solution of the ash 
in nitric acid with silver nitrate; sulphuric acid by 
barium chloride; phosphoric acid by ammonium mol- 
ybdate ; calcium by ammonium oxalate; potassium 
by platinic chloride; iron by potassium ferrocyanide, 
etc. With many of the inorganic constituents it is 
not necessary to destroy the organic matter as de- 
scribed above, as the result can be effected directly. 
Thus, chlorine may be precipitated directly from 
urine (slightly acidulated with nitric acid) by silver 
nitrate; the precipitated silver chloride is collected 
upon a small filter, well washed, dried, and weighed 
in a porcelain crucible after the filter (to which par- 
ticles of silver chloride adhere) has been burned 
separately and its ash added to the contents of the 
crucible, which is moderately heated before weighing. 
Phosphoric acid is found in urine, in part (about 
two-thirds) combined with alkalies, and in part (about 
one-third) with lime and magnesia. By adding any 
alkali the phosphates of calcium and magnesium 
(generally termed earthy phosphates) are precipi- 
tated ; the phosphates of sodium or possibly potassium 
remain dissolved. These so-called earthy phosphates 
may be approximately determined by adding a few 
drops of an alkaline hydroxide to about 50 c.c. of 
urine, heating to the boiling-point, collecting on a 
filter, washing, igniting, and weighing in a platinum 
crucible. 
7. Urea.-There are no very characteristic reactions 
by which urea can be well recognized. From organic 
mixtures it is separated by digesting them with from 
3 to 4 volumes of alcohol in the cold; the filtered 
liquid is evaporated to dryness and extracted with 
alcohol, which again is evaporated. The dry residue 
may be tested for urea as follows: 1. Dissolved in a 
few drops of water, the addition of an equal quantity 
of colorless nitric acid causes the formation of white, 
shining, crystalline plates or prisms of urea nitrate. 
2. If a strong solution of oxalic acid is added in- 
stead of nitric acid, rhombic plates of urea oxalate 
form. 3. The residue (or urea) heated in a test-tube 
to about 160° C. (320° F.), until no more vapors of 
ammonia are evolved, leaves a substance termed 
biuret, C2H6N3O2, which upon the addition of a few 
drops of potassium hydroxide solution and a drop of 
cupric sulphate solution causes the solution of the 
cupric hydroxide with a reddish-violet color. The 
quantitative estimation of urea in urine is based upon 
the fact that urea is decomposed by alkali hypobro- 
mites into carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen. 
The liberated nitrogen is collected, and from its vol- 
ume its weight and that of the urea are calculated. 
8. Uric Acid.-Uric acid may be recognized by its 
crystalline form and by the murexid test, which is 
made by placing a fragment of uric acid in a porce- 
lain dish, adding a drop of nitric acid, and carefully 
evaporating over a flame. To the dry residue a drop 
of ammonia-water is added, which produces a beauti- 
ful purplish-red color. This reaction occurs, however, 
also with a number of substances which are similar 
to but more complex in composition than uric acid. 
The quantitative estimation of uric acid in urine is best 
accomplished by adding 10 c.c. of hydrochloric acid 
to 250 c.c. of urine, setting aside for twenty-four hours 
in a cool place, and collecting the crystals of uric acid 
on a small filter which has been previously weighed. 
The crystals are washed with a little water and dried 
at 100° C. (212° F.). As uric acid is not entirely in- 
soluble, 0.0038 gramme has to be added for every 100 
c.c. of urine employed for the analysis. If the urine 
(to be tested for uric acid) be very dilute, it should be 
evaporated to about one-half its bulk before adding 
hydrochloric acid; if it contain albumin, this should 
be removed by adding a drop of acetic acid, boiling, 
and filtering. 
9. Detection of Albumin.-Serum-albumin and serum- 
globulin are the forms most frequently present in 
urine, but peptones and other albuminoids are also 
met with. There are chiefly three methods by which 
the presence of albumin in clear urine may be demon- URINE 
strated, based upon the coagulation of albumin by 
heat, by nitric acid, or by picric acid, but either 
metaphosphoric acid or trichloracetic acid may also 
be used. In most cases, if filtration through good 
filter-paper is not sufficient to render the urine clear, 
it may become necessary to use other means. Thus, 
if earthy, amorphous phosphates be present, they 
may be removed by adding to the urine about a 
fourth part of potassium hydroxide solution, warm- 
ing the mixture, and filtering. If the turbidity be 
caused by urates, the urine will generally become 
clear by passing the test-tube once or twice through a 
flame. The clear urine is then tested by either (or 
all) of the following methods: 
(a) Coagulation by Heat.-A test-tube is filled about 
one-half with the urine, to which, if not distinctly 
acid to test-paper, a few drops of acetic acid are 
added. The test-tube is then held over the flame 
in such a manner that the heat acts upon the 
upper half of the urine only, heating this por- 
tion gradually to the boiling-point. Two strata 
of fluid are thus obtained for comparison, and by 
holding the test-tube against the light or against a 
black background any difference in the appearance 
of the upper and lower strata may be noticed easily. 
Any cloudiness or opacity seen may be due to albu- 
min, but may also be caused by phosphates. A few 
drops (10 to 15) of nitric acid allowed to flow gently 
down the side of the tube into the urine will cause 
the precipitate to disappear when caused by phos- 
phates, but will be permanent when albumin is pres- 
ent. Or, instead of heating merely the upper half 
of the urine, the total quantity of urine (acidulated 
by a few drops of acetic acid) may be heated, and the 
test-tube set aside for several hours (after having 
added 10 to 15 drops of nitric acid), to allow the 
albumin to subside, when it can be more distinctly 
seen and its quantity noticed. 
(&) Nitric-acid Test.-A test-tube is filled to the 
depth of about half an inch with colorless nitric 
acid, and an equal quantity of urine allowed to 
flow down the side of the test-tube, so that the 
specifically lighter urine forms a distinct and sep- 
arate layer over the nitric acid. If albumin be 
present, a white band or zone of varying thick- 
ness (according to the quantity of albumin present) 
appears at the point of contact. If the urine be 
highly concentrated, a similar white zone is formed 
between the acid and urine, due to the separation of 
insoluble acid urates, but forms a sharply-defined 
zone, whilst the urates diffuse into the urine above, 
and also dissolve on the application of heat. The 
separation of acid urates may be avoided by diluting 
the urine with an equal volume of water and placing 
this diluted urine upon the nitric acid. 
(c) Picric-acid Test.-By this test neither phosphates 
nor urates can be mistaken for albumin; it consists 
in slowly dropping urine into a test-tube filled to 
about one-fourth with a highly-colored solution of 
picric acid in water. In the presence of albumin a 
white cloud or sharply-defined white turbidity is 
formed, and on warming the liquid the albumin col- 
lects into balls which rise to the surface of the liquid. 
(d) Metaphosphoric acid (glacial phosphoric acid) or 
trichloracetic acid may be used by dropping a frag- 
ment of either substance into a few c.c. of urine 
contained in a test-tube. As the acids dissolve a 
cloudy ring forms in the presence of albumin, which 
is not dissolved on warming. 
The average amount of albumin present in acute 
albuminuria is 0.1 to 0.5 per cent., rarely over 1 per 
cent., though it may rise to 4 per cent. An approxi- 
mate method for the comparative estimation of albu- 
min is to precipitate it (with the precautions men- 
tioned) in a graduated test-tube by heat and setting 
aside for twelve (or better for twenty-four) hours, 
when the proportion of coagulated albumin which 
has collected at the bottom of the fluid is noticed. If 
the albumin occupy one-fourth, one-sixth, one-tenth 
of the height of the liquid, there is said to be one- 
fourth, one-sixth, or one-tenth of albumin in the 
1132 
URINE 
urine. If, however, scarcely any albumin has col- 
lected, there is said to be only a trace. A better 
method of exactly estimating the amount of albumin 
is its complete separation and weighing, as follows: 
Acidify 100 c.c. of clear albuminous urine with acetic 
acid; heat to the boiling-point in a water-bath for 
half an hour, and filter through a small filter, pre- 
viously dried at 110° C. (230° F.) and weighed; wash 
with boiling water to which a little ammonia-water 
has been added (to remove uric acid and urates), then 
with pure water until the filtrate is not rendered 
turbid any longer by silver nitrate, next with pure 
alcohol, and finally with ether. Dry and filter con- 
tents at 110° C. (230° F.) and weigh. As it may hap- 
pen that the precipitated albumin encloses earthy 
phosphates, it is well to burn filter with contents in 
a platinum crcucible, and to deduct the weight of the 
remaining inorganic residue (less the weight of the 
filter ash) from that of the albumin. 
Peptones may be recognized by first precipitating all 
albumin by boiling the urine acidified by acetic acid, 
filtering, and pouring the cold filtrate carefully upon 
some Fehling's solution contained in a test-tube. At 
the junction of the two fluids a phosphatic cloud will 
appear, above which there will be seen a rosy-tinted 
layer in the presence of peptones. In case the albu- 
min should not have been separated completely, the 
color will be more violet. 
10. Blood in the Urine.-This is generally manifested 
by a blood-red or brownish color with a bluish, smoky, 
or greenish tint, and deposit of a red or reddish-brown 
sediment after standing. As a rule, all constituents 
of blood, including the corpuscles, are present, but in 
some cases haemoglobin alone has been found. The 
tests for blood depend either on the microscope or on 
chemical changes. By the microscope is examined 
the deposit which forms on standing; almost un- 
altered blood-corpuscles may be found, or they may 
be swollen, decolorized, and deformed ; and they are 
generally accompanied by blood and fibrin casts. 
Whenever blood is present there are necessarily al- 
buminoids, which are precipitated by acidulating 
with acetic acid and boiling, when a brownish coagu- 
lum of albumin and hsematin is precipitated. Haemo- 
globin is also tested for by means of adding to the 
urine a few drops of freshly-prepared tincture of 
guaiacum, a little ozonized ether, and shaking well. 
If haemoglobin is present, the ether assumes a blue 
color. 
11. Detection of Sugar.-Traces of sugar or as much 
as 0.01 per cent, are said to occur normally in urine. 
A large amount is often indicated by high specific 
gravity, which varies from 1.030 to 1.050; the quanti- 
ties found vary from mere traces to 10 per cent., the 
latter, however, being very rare, while 3 to 5 per cent is 
often found in the urine of diabetes mellitus. The 
four chief tests are generally known as the copper 
test (also termed Trommer's and Fehling's test), the 
bismuth test, the fermentation test, and the picric- 
acid test. The copper and the bismuth tests are based 
upon the deoxidizing or reducing power possessed by 
grape-sugar for many metallic oxides, as cupric, bis- 
muthic, and silver oxide, which, in the presence of 
alkalies, are converted into the lower state of oxida- 
tion or are reduced to metals. Tests for sugar should 
always be preceded by tests for albumin, which, if 
present, should be removed by coagulation and filtra- 
tion. Earthy phosphates interfere with the copper 
tests, because they are precipitated by the alkali, 
and this precipitate may be mistaken for precipitated 
cuprous oxide when no sugar is present, or it may 
cover the precipitated cuprous oxide so that this is 
not recognized when sugar is present. To avoid 
these errors it is well to render the urine slightly 
alkaline by a few drops of potash solution, filter after 
a few minutes, and use the urine for the tests. 
(a) Trommer's Test.-Two to four drops of a 5 per 
cent, solution of cupric sulphate are added to about 
5 to 8 c.c. of urine in a test-tube, and then an equal 
volume of potassium (or sodium) hydroxide solution 
is added. The alkaline hydroxide precipitates both URINE 
earthy phosphates and cupric hydroxide, the latter, 
however, dissolving (especially if sugar be present) in 
the excess of alkali, producing a beautiful blue trans- 
parent liquid. If no sugar is present the color is less 
blue, but more of a greenish hue. The liquid is now 
boiled for a few seconds, when, if sugar be present, 
a yellow precipitate of cuprous hydroxide is formed, 
which subsequently loses its water and becomes the 
red cuprous oxide, which falls to the bottom or ad- 
heres to the sides of the test-tube. As various organic 
substances (other than sugar) have a tendency to re- 
duce cupric oxide at a temperature of 100° C. (212° 
F.), it is well to set aside a test-tube prepared as above 
(without heating it) for from six to twenty-four hours. 
If sugar be present the formation of cuprous hydrox- 
ide will gradually take place, whilst most other or- 
ganic matters do not act upon cupric oxide at ordi- 
nary temperature. In drawing conclusions from the 
above test it should be remembered that a change 
of color does not indicate sugar; that a precipitate 
of earthy phosphates must not be mistaken for cu- 
prous oxide; and that substances other than sugar 
may deoxidize cupric oxide at the temperature of 100° 
C. (212° F.). 
(6) Fehling's test differs from Trommer's test in 
merely using a previously mixed reagent instead of 
producing this reagent, as it were, in the urine by 
adding to it cupric sulphate and an alkaline hydrox- 
ide successively. This reagent, known as Fehling's 
solution, is made as follows: Crystallized cupric sul- 
phate, 34.65 grams, dissolved in pure water, 200 grams; 
this solution is poured gradually into a solution of 
crystallized sodium-potassium tartrate, 173 grams, 
dissolved in solution of sodium hydroxide of sp. gr. 
1.12, 500 grams; the clear, well-mixed fluid is diluted 
to 1000 c.c. The addition of sodium-potassium tar- 
trate in Fehling's solution prevents the precipitation 
of cupric hydroxide by the alkaline hydroxide. 
Fehling's solution is very apt to decompose, and if 
not recently made should be tested by boiling some 
of it alone and some of it mixed with about three 
volumes of water in test-tubes; if no precipitate 
occurs in either case, the fluid may safely be used. 
This is done by heating about 10 c.c. of Fehling's 
solution in a test,-tube, and adding drop by drop the 
suspected urine ; if the latter contains larger quanti- 
ties of sugar, a yellow or red precipitate of cuprous 
hydroxide and oxide will be produced very readily; 
if but small quantities are present, an equal volume 
of urine may be added to the solution, and the boil- 
ing repeated several times before the reaction takes 
place. 
(c) Bottger's or Boettcher's bismuth test consists in add- 
ing to a mixture of equal volumes of urine and potas- 
sium (or sodium) hydroxide solution a few grains of 
subnitrate of bismuth and boiling for half a minute. 
If sugar be present, a gray or dark-brown, finally 
black, precipitate of metallic bismuth is formed. If 
but very little sugar is present, the undecomposed ex- 
cess of bismuthic nitrate (or bismuthic hydroxide) 
mixes with the metallic bismuth, imparting to it a gray 
color; the test should then be repeated with a smaller 
amount of the bismuth salt. If the urine contains 
hydrogen disulphide (sometimes produced by de- 
composition of certain urinary constituents), black 
bismuth sulphide will be formed, which may be mis- 
taken for metallic bismuth; albumin itself may be 
the cause of the formation of alkaline sulphides: the 
previous complete separation of albumin is therefore 
indispensable. 
(d) The fermentation test is based upon the decom- 
position of sugar by the action of yeast with genera- 
tion of carbon dioxide. The test is made by adding 
to about 50 or 75 c.c. of urine (contained in a large 
test-tube or small flask) a few c.c. of ordinary baker's 
or brewer's yeast. If sugar be present, fermentation 
will commence within twelve hours, and will man- 
ifest itself by the formation of carbon dioxide, which 
will force a portion of the fluid through the bent tube 
into the beaker placed there for its reception. The 
disadvantages of this process are the length of time 
1133 
URINE 
required for its performance, the unreliability of the 
ferment, and the fact that small quantities of sugar 
(less than 0.5 per cent.) evolve so little carbon diox- 
ide that a doubt may be felt as to the presence of 
sugar at all. 
(e) Picric-acid Test for Sugar.-In the presence of al- 
kalies picric acid may also be used to advantage as a 
reagent for sugar. Urine is mixed with an equal 
volume of an aqueous solution of picric acid ; a little 
caustic potash is added and gently heated ; a marked 
reddish or reddish-brown coloration indicates sugar. 
By far the best method for the determination of sugar 
in urine is the decomposition of a copper solution of 
a known strength, and Fehling's solution, prepared as 
stated above, answers this purpose well. 1000 c.c. of 
Fehling's solution, containing 34.65 grams of crystal- 
lized cupric sulphate, CuSCk.SlUO, are exactly de- 
composed by 5 grams of grape-sugar, or 1 c.c. of solu- 
tion by 0.005 of grape-sugar. The calculation of the 
amount of sugar present is easily made. 10 c.c. of 
Fehling's solution are decomposed by 0.05 gram of 
sugar; this quantity must, therefore, be contained in 
the number of c.c. of urine used. Suppose 30 c.c. of 
urine, diluted with 9 parts of water, or 3 c.c. of pure 
urine, have been required to decompose the 10 c.c. of 
Fehling's solution; then 3 c.c. of urine contain of 
grape-sugar 0.05 gram, or 100 c.c. of urine 1.666 grams, 
according to the proportion: 
3 : 0.05 : : 100 : x 
x=1.666. 
If the urine contains but very little sugar, it may 
be used directly without diluting it, or instead of 
diluting it with 9 parts of water it may be diluted 
with 4 volumes or with an equal volume of water. 
See Fehling's solution. 
12. Detection of Bile.-The presence of bile in urine 
is generally indicated by a decided color, from a deep 
brownish-red to a dark brown; the foam of such 
urine (produced by shaking) has a distinct yellow 
color, and a piece of filtering-paper or a piece of linen 
dipped into the urine assumes a yellow color, which 
does not disappear on drying. The further detection 
of bile depends upon the reactions of the biliary 
coloring matters or biliary acids; it frequently hap- 
pens, however, that the pigments are present, whilst 
the acids are not. 
(a) Gmelin's test for biliary coloring matters has 
been considered already, and may be applied to 
urine either by allowing a small quantity of nitric 
acid containing some nitrous acid to flow down 
the sides of a test-tube (containing the urine) in 
such a manner that the two fluids do not mix, or 
by placing upon a porcelain plate a few drops of the 
urine, near it a few drops of nitric acid to which one 
drop of sulphuric acid has been added, and allowing 
the two liquids to approach gradually. In both cases 
(if bile-pigment is present) a play of color is seen at 
the point of union between the two fluids, the colors 
changing from green to blue, violet-red, and yellow 
or yellowish-green; while the appearance of the 
green at the beginning is indispensable to prove the 
presence of bile, the presence of all the other colors 
is not essential. This test may be modified by mix- 
ing the urine with a concentrated solution of sodium 
nitrate, and pouring down the sides of the test-tube 
concentrated sulphuric acid in such a manner as to 
form two distinct layers; the colors are seen at the 
point of contact as above. If the urine be very dark 
in color, it should be diluted with water before apply- 
ing these tests. See Gmelin. 
(&) Ultzmann's test for bile-pigment is made by mix- 
ing 10 c.c. of urine with 3 or 4 c.c. of potassium hy- 
droxide solution (1 in 3 of water), and supersaturat- 
ing with hydrochloric acid; the mixture assumes a 
beautiful emerald-green color after some time. 
(c) Pettenkofer's test for biliary acids is made by 
dissolving a few grains of cane-sugar in urine con- 
tained in a test-tube, and allowing some concen- 
trated sulphuric acid to trickle down the side of the 
inclined test-tube; a purple band is seen at the upper URINE 
margin of the acid, and on slightly shaking the 
liquid becomes at first turbid, then clear, and almost 
simultaneously it turns yellow, then pale cherry-red, 
dark carmine-red, and finally a beautiful purple vio- 
let. The temperature must not be allowed to rise 
much above 38° C. (100° F.). 
13. Urinary Deposits (Sediments).-Urine may be 
turbid when passed, and this indicates an excess of 
mucus or the presence of renal epithelium, pus, 
blood, chyle, semen, bile, or phosphate or urate of 
sodium in excess, etc. A turbidity subsequent to the 
passage of the urine is generally due to the precipita- 
tion of phosphates or urates, or it may result from 
fermentation or decomposition. Either of the sub- 
stances named will form a deposit on standing, When 
such a deposit is to be examined, a few ounces of the 
urine should be set aside for several hours in a tall, 
narrow, cylindrical glass; when the sediment has 
collected at the bottom, the supernatant urine may 
be decanted, or the sediment may be taken out by 
means of a pipette for examination. Sediments are 
either organized or unorganized. To the first belong 
mucus, blood, pus, urinary casts, epithelium, sper- 
matozoids, fungi, infusorise, etc.; to the second be- 
long uric acid, urates, calcium oxalate, phosphate, or 
carbonate, magnesium, ammonium phosphate, cystin, 
hippuric acid, etc. The chemical examination should 
always be preceded by a microscopical examination, 
which latter is in many cases the only way of deter- 
mining the nature of the sediment, especially of the 
organized substances. Most of the unorganized and 
either crystalline or amorphous sediments may be 
easily recognized by chemical means. Urates of am- 
monium, calcium, and sodium dissolve on heating the 
urine, and are reprecipitated on cooling. The murexid 
test is used in addition. Phosphates of calcium or am- 
monium-magnesium dissolve in acetic acid, and am- 
monium molybdate dissolved in nitric acid produces 
a yellow precipitate on heating. Calcium oxalate is 
insoluble in acetic, but soluble in hydrochloric acid, 
from which solution it is reprecipitated on neutraliz- 
ing with ammonia. Uric acid is not dissolved by 
heat nor by acetic or hydrochloric acid, but dissolves 
on the addition of caustic potash, and burns on plat- 
inum foil without leaving a residue ; it is recognized 
by the murexid test. Cystin is insoluble in water and 
alcohol, but soluble in mineral acids and in caustic 
alkalies; from either solution it is reprecipitated by 
neutralizing. Cystin contains 26 per cent, of sul- 
phur, which causes the formation of black sulphide 
of lead when cystin is boiled with caustic potash to 
which a few drops of solution of lead acetate have 
been added. 
14. Urinary calculi are solid deposits of larger or 
smaller size formed from the urine within the tracts 
(kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra). The chem- 
ical composition of the calculi is generally that of 
either of the above-named unorganized sediments, 
and their nature can easily be determined. See CaZ- 
culi, urinary. The chemical examination of any 
urinary sediment should always be preceded by a 
microscopical examination, which latter is in many 
cases the only way of determining the nature of the 
sediment, especially of the organized substances. 
Uric acid occurs in many different forms, mostly in 
rhombic plates with rounded obtuse angles, often 
joined into rosettes. Uric acid is found almost in- 
variably colored red or reddish-brown, which gene- 
rally distinguishes it from other sediments. The 
crystals or clusters of crystals are often large enough 
to be seen by the naked eye, and are then known by 
the terms "sand," "gravel," or "red-pepper grains." 
Ammonium acid urate is found generally associated 
with amorphous or crystalline phosphates in urine 
which has become alkaline. The crystalline globules 
are generally covered with spinous excrescences, 
which give them the characteristic " thorn-apple " 
appearance. Sodium urate forms generally a part in 
the pulverulent, heavy, variously tinted deposit of 
the mixed urates known as " brickdust " or " lateri- 
tious" sediment. It occurs either in fine amorphous 
1134 
URINE 
granules, which cannot be distinguished microscopi- 
cally from other amorphous sediments, or in a crys- 
talline form. Urea nitrate crystallizes readily in large- 
six-sided plates on the addition of nitric acid to urine. 
Leucin or amido-caproic acid and Tyrosin are but rarely 
met with in urinary deposits. Leucin is found either 
as rounded lumps, showing but little crystalline struc- 
ture, or as spherical masses, exhibiting fine radial stri- 
ation. Tyrosin appears generally in fine, long, silky 
needles, forming bundles or rosettes. Cystin occurs 
occasionally as a grayish crystalline deposit, forming 
transparent six-sided plates; it also occurs in calculi. 
Magnesium ammonium phosphate, or triple phosphate, is 
found generally in triangular prisms with bevelled 
ends, but sometimes also in star-shaped feathery crys- 
tals. Calcium phosphate is most frequently found in 
amorphous globules, but also crytallized, either in 
prisms or in " wedge-shaped " crystals. Calciwm oxalate- 
occurs either in quadratic ocathedra with brilliant re- 
fraction or in the shape of " dumb-bells." Blood-cor- 
puscles appear under the microscope as reddish cir- 
cular disks, sometimes laid together in strings. If 
seen in profile they appear biconcave. Mucus and. 
pus are often difficult to distinguish from one an- 
other under the microscope, as they both appear as. 
little granular globules varying somewhat in appear- 
ance with the reaction of the urine. Pus is rendered, 
slimy, ropy, viscid, and tenacious by the addition of 
caustic potash. Heemin crystals: the formation of 
these crystals often serves to recognize blood, and is 
accomplished by mixing the latter on a glass slide, 
with a little sodium chloride and a drop* of glacial 
acetic acid and warming gently, when the character- 
istic crystals will appear. By repeating the process 
several times larger and better-developed crystals are 
obtained. Hyaline casts and Granular easts are tube- 
like cylinders often found together with blood- and. 
pus-corpuscles, or holding in their substance or walls- 
epithelial cells, mucous corpuscles, and fat-globules. 
Hyaline casts are distinguished by their transparent 
appearance, while granular casts show a more or less 
granular surface. Epithelial casts and cells, accord- 
ing to their origin (from the vagina, urethra, blad- 
der, etc.), differ somewhat, and it is difficult to- 
recognize with certainty the source whence they 
are derived. Waxy casts resemble hyaline easts, but 
are less transparent. Casts containing blood-cor- 
puscles or fat-globules are generally easily recog- 
nized. Other urinary deposits may also be found, 
various kinds of fungi, vibrionte, spermatozoids, hair, 
or even such foreign matters as fibres of cotton, wool, 
or silk with their characteristic appearances. See 
Calculi, urinary. 
U'rine, feb'rile. Urine discharged in inflammation 
and inflammatory fever. U. fe'ver, F., urethral. U., 
filamen'tous, urine containing thread-like substances. 
U., floc'culent, U. when it is clouded by flocculi sus- 
pended in it. U., furfura'ceous, urine containing a 
bran-like sediment. U., gout'y, contains much 
phosphate of lime, and, after severe attacks of gout, 
precipitates a mixture of the uric and rosacic acids, 
U., hysterical, is clear and colorless. IT., icter'ical,. 
contains bile. U., incontinence of, see Enuresis. U., 
jumen'tous, ammoniacal urine rendered turbid by a 
substance similar to small grains of dust, which 
causes it to resemble the urine of herbivorous ani- 
mals. U., lactes'cent, U., milky. IT., milk'y, white 
and turbid urine. U., mucilag'inous, urine contain- 
ing much mucus. U., ner'vous, thin and very liquid 
urine, such as is passed shortly after an attack of 
nervous diseases. U. of ner'vous fe'vers is generally 
very thin, and often deposits a mixture of uric and 
rosacic acids. U., oil'y, that which pours like oil 
or which has an oily pellicle at its surface. U., ox- 
al'ic, Oxaluria, urine containing or depositing oxal- 
ates. U., phosphores'cent, urine which is luminous 
or phosphorescent. U., pur'purtc, see Porphyruria. 
U., retention of, see Retention. IT., rick'ety, con- 
tains much phosphate of calcium. U., sac'charine, 
urine, diabetic. IL, salt of, ammonii carbonas. IL, 
sand'y, urine which deposits, a sandy sediment. U.» URINIFEROUS 
stoppage of, ischuria; see also Urination. U., thin, 
urine that is transparent, slightly colored, and of hut 
little density. 
Uriniferous, u-rin-if'er-us (urina, fero, to carry). 
That which carries urine. U. ducts or tubes of Bel- 
li'ni, the collection of small tubes converging from 
the cortical part of the kidney to the apices of the 
papillae. The tortuous uniferous ducts are called 
tubes of Ferrein. U. sub'stance of the kid'ney, see 
Kidney. 
Uriniparous, u-rin-ip'ar-us (urina, pario, to pro- 
duce). An epithet for tubes in the cortical portion 
of the kidney. 
Urino'des (urina, odes). Urinous. 
Urinology, u-rin-ol'o-je (urina, logos, treatise). 
Treatise on urine. 
Urinom'eter (urina, metron, measure). Urometer, 
Urogravimeter. A small hydrometer for taking the 
specific gravity of urine. 
U'rinous. Having the character of urine. Similar 
to urine. 
Urinovagi'nal. Vesicovaginal. 
Uritis, u-re'tis (uro, to burn, itis). Inflammation 
consequent on a burn. 
Urn'ing. An individual whose sexual desires and 
inclinations are exclusively for persons of the same 
sex, a form of sexual hyperaesthesia and perversion. 
U'ro (ouron, urine, or urina). In composition, urine. 
Urobi'lin. Reddish-yellow pigment, identical with 
hydrobilirubin, present in small quantity in normal 
urine, abundant in high-colored urine of fevers, and 
giving characteristic absorption spectrum. 
Urobilinicterus, u-ro-bil-in-ik'ter-us. Jaundice due 
to retention of urobilin in the blood, occurring chiefly 
after absorption of large extravasations of blood. 
Urobilinuria, u-ro-bil-in-u're-ah (uro, bilis, bile, 
ouron, urine). Condition in which a large amount of 
urobilin is present in the urine, which becomes 
reddish-brown. See Urobilinicterus. 
Urocele, u-ro-se'le (Eng. u'ro-seel). Swelling due 
to effusion of urine into the areolar tissue or the cav- 
ity of the scrotum. 
Urocheras, u-rok'er-as (uro, keras, horn). Gritty 
sediment in urine. 
Urochesia, u-ro-kes'e-ah (uro, chezo, to go to stool). 
A discharge of urine by the bowels. 
Urochrome, u'ro-krome (uro, chroma, color). The 
chief coloring matter of the urine. Yellowish amor- 
phous substance yielding by oxidation uroerythrin, 
and by decomposition with acids a dark material 
called uromelanin. 
Urocrisia, u-ro-kris'e-ah (uro, krisis, judgment). 
A judgment formed either of the urine or of disease 
after inspecting the urine. Also the crisis of a dis- 
ease by uresis. Urocriterion is the symptom by which 
such judgment is formed. 
Urocriterion, u-ro-krit-a're-on (uro, kriterion, cri- 
terion). See Urocrisia. 
Urocyanogen, u-ro-si-an'o-gen (uro, kuanos, blue). 
Blue sediment seen especially in the urine of cholera 
patients. 
Urocyanose, u-ro-si'an-ose. Urocyanogen. 
Urocyanosis, u-ro-si-an-o'sis. Blue color of urine 
due to presence of indican. 
Urocystis, u-ro-sis'tis (uro, cystis, bladder). Urinary 
bladder. 
Urocystitis, u-ro-sis-te'tis (urocystis, itis). Inflam- 
mation of the urinary bladder. 
Urocystocatarrhus, u-ro-sis-to-kat-ar'rhus. Cys- 
torrhcea. 
Urodseum, u-ro-de'um. Continuation of entodermic 
canal into the tail of the embryo. 
Urodialysis, u-ro-de-al'is-is (uro, dialysis, dissolu- 
tion). A partial and temporary suspension of the 
function of the kidney, occurring in the course of 
some acute diseases, but without local mischief or 
preceding inflammatory fever, has been termed, when 
occurring in children, Urodialysis neonatorum; in the 
aged, U. senum. 
Urodochium, u-ro-dok-e'um (uro, dechomai, to re- 
ceive). Urinal. 
1135 
URORRHCEA 
Urodynia, u-ro-din'e-ah (uro, odune, pain). Pain 
during micturition. 
Urcedema, u-re-de'mah (uro, oidema, a swelling), 
Tumefaction produced by the escape of urine. 
Uroer'ythrin (uro, eruthros, red). See Porphyruria, 
Urogen'ital. Genito-urinary. Relating or apper- 
taining to the urinary and genital apparatus, as the 
urogenital organs. U. si'nus, cavity or canal in the 
embryo of the mammalia opening externally, fo 
which the excretory ducts of the Wolffian bodies, 
the ureters, and the efferent parts of the generative 
apparatus terminate internally. It is prolonged into 
the urachus. Subsequently it becomes separated by 
a process of division into pars urinaria and pars geni- 
talis. The former, extending toward the qrapims, is 
converted into the urinary bladder; the latter forms 
the urethra in the male and the vagina in the fomale, 
Uroglaucin, u-ro-glowk'in (uro, glaukos, blup). See 
Uroxanthin. 
Uroglycosis, u-ro-glik-o'sis (uro, glukys, sweet). 
Diabetes mellitus. 
Urogravim'eter (uro, gravis, heavy, wetrgn, mpags 
ure). Urinometer. 
Urohsematin, u-ro-he'mat-in. Heemapheeiy, Urine 
characterized by presence of hematin. 
Urohaematoporphyrin, u-ro-he-mat-o-por'fir-in. 
Purpuric pigment having a characteristic absorption 
spectrum, found in urine of rheumatism. 
U'rolith, (uro, lithos, stone). Urinary calculus. 
Urolithiasis, u-ro-lith-e'as-is. Lithia. 
Urolithologia, u-ro-lith-o-loj'e-ah (uro, lithos, stone, 
logos, description). Description of, or treatise on, uri- 
nary calculi. 
Urolithotomia, u-ro-lith-o-tom'e-ah. Lithotomy. 
Urol'ogy. Uronology. 
U'romancy (uro, manteia, divination). The art of 
divining diseases by examination of the urine; Uros- 
copy, Ouroscopy. 
Uromelanin, u-ro-mel'an-in. See Urochrome. 
Urom'eles (oura, tail, rnelos, limb). A genus of mon- 
sters in which the two lower limbs are united, very 
incomplete, and terminated by a single foot, which is 
almost always imperfect, the sole being turned for- 
ward. Such monster is said to be Urom'elus. 
Urom'eter (uro, metron, measure). Urinometer. 
Urom'phalus (urachus, omphalos, navel). Monstros- 
ity which consists in the protrusion of the urachus at 
the umbilicus. 
U'ron (ouron). Urine. 
Uroncus, u-ron'kus (uron, onkos, swelling). A uri- 
nary swelling. 
Uronol'ogy (uron, logos, discourse). Oncology., 
Urology. The part of medicine which treats of the 
urine. 
Urophain, u'ro-fain. Urobilin. 
Urophthisis, u-ro-te'sis (uro, phthisis). Dpfoetes 
mellitus. 
Uropittin, u - ro - pit' tin. Product of urophrome 
having a peculiar absorption spectrum. 
Uroplan'ia (uro, plane, wandering). The prespnep 
of urine in other parts than the urinary organs) 
Uropoesis, u-ro-po-e'sis (uro, poieo, to makp). The 
secretion of urine by the kidney. 
Uropoetic, u-ro-po-et'ik. Concerning pr favoring 
the production of urine. 
Uropoiesis, u-ro-poi-a'sis. The secretion of urine 
by the kidney. 
Uropsammus, u-ro-sam'mus (uro, psammos, sand). 
Urinary gravel. 
Uropyg'ii gland'ulaa (oura, tail, pyge, rump). A 
caudal sebaceous gland in birds, supplying the fatty 
secretion with which they anoint tjqpir feathers. 
Uropygion, u-ro-pij'e-on. Coccyx. 
Uropygiun, u-ro-pij'e-un. The ypgion of the coccyx. 
Urorrhagia, u-ror-rhaj'e-ah (yr.o, rhage, breaking 
forth). Diabetes. 
Urorhodin, u-ro'rho-din (uro, rhgdon, rose). Pur- 
puric coloring matter in urine, q modification of hae- 
maphfein. 
Urorrhoea, u-ror-rhe'ah (urp, rhpo, to flow). En- 
uresis. Diabetes. URORRHORRHCEA 
Urorrhorrhce'a (uro, orrhorrhcea, flow of serum). 
Albuminuria. 
Urorubin, u-ro-ru'bin. Garnet-red, crystalline pig- 
ment precipitated by adding ether to urine boiled 
with hydrochloric acid. 
Uros'acin (uro, rosa, rose). Urorhodin. 
Uroscheocele, u-ros-ke-o-se'le (Eng. u-ros'ke-o-seel) 
(uro, osche, scrotum, kele, rupture). Urocele. 
Uroscopy (u-ros'ko-pe) or Uroscop'ia (uro, skopeo, 
to void). Examination of urine; see Uromancy. 
Urosep'tic. Eelating to morbid effects of extrava- 
sation of urine. 
Uro'ses (uro, osis). Diseases of the urinary organs. 
Uros'tealith (uro, stear, fat, lithos, stone). A pecu- 
liar fatty ingredient of urinary calculi. 
Urosteatoma, u-ro-sta-at-o'mah (uro, stear, fat). 
Urostealith. 
Urosteno'sis. Urethrostenosis. 
Urotheobromine, u-ro-the-o-bro'meen. Paroxan- 
thine. 
Urotoxic, u-ro-toks'ik (uro, toxicon, poison). Toxic 
from retention of effete products in the blood which 
should be eliminated by the kidneys. 
U'rous ac'id. Uric acid. 
Uroxanthin, u-ro-zan'thin (uro, xanthos, yellow). 
Uroxanthine. A yellow coloring matter in urine, de- 
composable into a red coloring matter, urrhodin, and 
a blue, uroglaucin-the former having the same com- 
position as indigo red, the latter as indigo blue. 
Urozemia, u-ro-za'me-ah (uro, zemia, loss). Dia- 
betes. U. albumino'sa,# kidney, Bright's disease of 
the. U. melli'ta, diabetes mellitus. 
Urrhodin, ur'rho-din (uro, rhodon, rose). See Por- 
phyruria. r 
Urrosacin, ur-ros'as-in (uro, rosa, rose). See Por- 
phyruria. 
Ur'sin ar'butin. Crystalline principle found in 
Uva ursi; diuretic and astringent. 
Ur'sone. Tasteless principle from Uva ursi. 
Urtica, ur-te'kah (uro, to burn). Common stinging 
nettle; ord. Urticacese. Used for medical and culi- 
nary purposes. The young shoots in the spring are 
diuretic and antiscorbutic. The pain produced by its 
sting is not to be compared to the torture occasioned 
by U. stimulans and U. crenulata of India, and still 
less to U. urentissima of Timor, called by the natives 
Daoun setan-devil's leaf-from the persistence and 
severity of the pain. U. balear'ica, U. pilulifera. U. 
crenula'ta, see Urtica. U. dioi'ca, urtica. U. his'pida, 
urtica. U. iners' mag'na fcetidis'sima, galeopsis. U. 
ma'jor, U. dioica. U. mi'nor, U. urens. U. mor'tua, 
Lamium album. U. pilulif'era, Pill-bearing nettle. The 
seed was formerly given in diseases of the chest. U. 
pilulo'sa, U. pilulifera. U. Roma'na, U. pilulifera. U. 
stim'ulans, see Urtica. U.u'rens, Dwarf nettle; alesser 
variety of the nettle, said to check hemorrhage when 
prescribed internally. U. urentis'sima, see Urtica. 
Urticaria, ur-te-kah're-ah (urtica, because the erup- 
tion resembles that produced by the stings of a net- 
tle). Porcelaine, Nettlerash, Hives, Bold hives. Inflam- 
matory affection characterized by development of 
wheals, of whitish, pinkish, or reddish color, accom- 
panied by stinging, pricking, or tingling sensations. 
It may be induced by eating shell-fish, eggs, nuts, etc., 
Toxic urticaria, Urticaria ab ingestis. U. bullo'sa, in 
which both wheals and blebs are present. U. con- 
fer'ta, in which lesions are grouped. U. evan'ida, in 
which wheals rapidly disappear. U. hsemorrhag'ica, 
Purpura urticans or urticata, in which there is half pur- 
pura and half wheals, the latter being secondary. U. 
marit'ima, eruption of salutary character produced 
by sea-bathing. U. medicamento'sa, from ingestion 
or local application of certain drugs. U. papulo'sa, 
Lichen urticatus, in which the lesion is in form of a 
papule with characteristics of a wheal. U. pigxnen- 
to' sa, having pinkish, reddish, or yellowish wheals, 
inclining to persist and to be succeeded by yellowish, 
orange, greenish, or brownish stains or pigmented 
spots. U. porcel'lana, essera; urticaria. U., tox'ic, 
see Urticaria. U. tubero'sa, in which more or less per- 
sistent nodes or tumors are formed. 
1136 
UTERUS 
Urticata, ur-tik-at'ah. Urticaria hsemorrhagica. 
Urtication, ur-te-ka'shun. Flagellation with net- 
tles, used to excite the skin; burning; itching. 
Urucu. Terra Orleana. 
Uryl'ic ac'id. Uric acid. 
Usne'a cra'nii huina'ni. Lichen saxatilis. U. 
flor'ida hir'ta, Lichen plicatus. U. hir'ta, Lichen 
plicatus. U. plica'ta, Lichen plicatus. 
Ustilag'inous. Relating or belonging to ergot, as 
gangraena ustilaginea. See Ergotism. 
Ustila'go (uro, ustum, to burn). Ergot. U. may'- 
dis, corn smut or fungus which grows upon Zea mays. 
Us'tio (uro, to burn). Burn ; ustion. 
Us'tion (uro, to burn). Act of burning or applying 
the actual cautery; effect of cauterization. 
Ustula'tion (dim. of Ustio, burn). Pharmaceutical 
operation of drying a substance by heat. 
Us'tus (uro, ustum, to burn). Burnt or calcined. 
Usua'lia (usus, use). See Officinal. 
U'sus (use). Habit. 
U'ta. Local affection, perhaps epithelial cancer, of 
Peru. 
U'ter (a leather bottle). Uterus. 
Uteral'gia (uterus, algos, pain). A hybrid word; 
metralgia or pain in the uterus. 
U'teri adscen'sus. Hysteria. U. anterver'sio, 
anterior obliquity of the uterus. U. carcino'ma, 
cancer of the uterus. U. convulsi'vus mor'bus, epi- 
lepsy of the womb, so called. U. cory'za, leucor- 
rhcea. U. exulcera'tio, ulceration of the uterus. U. 
flex'io, obliquity of the uterus. U. inclina'tio, ob- 
liquity of the uterus. U. obliq'uitas, obliquity of 
the uterus. U. prona'tio, anterior obliquity of uterus. 
U. pruri'tus, nymphomania. U. reflex'io comple'ta or 
retrover'sio, posterior obliquity of uterus. U. rheu'- 
ma, leucorrhcea. U. ul'cus, ulceration of uterus. U. 
ver'sio incomple'ta, obliquity of uterus. 
U'terine (uterus), Belonging or relating to the 
womb. U. appen'dages, ovaries and Fallopian tubes. 
U. ar'tery arises from the hypogastric, either sepa- 
rately or with the umbilical, or from the internal 
pudic; passes upon the lateral parts of the vagina and 
ascends on the sides of the uterus, and divides into a 
number of tortuous branches which enter its tissue. 
U. bougie', uterine sound. U. broth'er, one boro of 
the same mother but different father. Also male twin 
fcetusin utero. U. col'ic, metralgia. U. fa'cies, expres- 
sion of face peculiar to uterine affections. U. gesta'- 
tion, period from conception to normal labor. U. 
glands, utricular glands. U. hem'orrhoids, see Hem- 
orrhoids. U. milk, fluid rich in albuminous and fatty 
particles, found between villi of placenta in rumi- 
nants. U. mur'mur, bruit placentaire. U. mus'cle, 
fleshy fibres at the fundus of the uterus; term some- 
times applied to the whole muscular arrangement of 
the uterus. U. preg'nancy, normal pregnancy. U. 
rush, bruit placentaire. U. si'nuses, large tortuous 
channels found in parietes of uterus. U. souffle, 
sound heard on auscultation over the abdomen in fifth 
or sixth month of pregnancy. U. sound, see Sound, 
uterine. U. stran'gury, dysmenorrhoea. 
Uteri'nus fra'ter. Uterine brother. 
Uteritis, u-ter-e'tis. Inflammation of the uterus. 
Metritis is a more correct term. 
U'tero. In composition, relating to the uterus. 
Uterocer'vical canal. Lower uterine segment. 
Uterogesta'tion (uterus, gesto, to carry). Pregnancy. 
Uteroma'nia. Nymphomania. 
U'tero-ova'rian. Relating to the uterus and ovary. 
U.-o. ar'tery, see Spermatic artery. 
Uteroplacen'tal vac'uum. Vacuum produced by 
traction upon the funis of a detached placenta, which 
causes it to cling to the uterine walls. 
Uterosa'cral folds. See Uterus. 
U'terotome. Hysterotome. 
Uterot'omy. Hysterotomy. 
Uterovagi'nal plex'us. Plexus situate at sides and 
upper part of vagina and cervix. 
Uteroves'ical fos'sa. Vesico-uterine pouch. 
U'terus (hystera). The womb. The uterus is a hol- 
low symmetrical organ, having shape of a truncated UTERUS 
conoid, situate in the pelvis, between the bladder and 
rectum, above the vagina, below the convolutions of 
the small intestine. It is two inches broad at its high- 
est part, and becomes narrower toward the vagina, ter- 
minating in a contracted portion, the cervix or neck, 
the rest of the organ being called the body. From its 
fundus, or upper portion, the Fallopian tubes pass. 
The mouth is called os uteri, os tiricie, os uteri exter- 
num, orificium vaginale. See Os uteri. At the point 
where the body is continuous, below, with the neck 
the cavity is slightly constricted, forming the internal 
orifice, os uteri internum, os internum, isthmus or os- 
tium uterinum canalis cervicis uteri. Between these 
is the cervical canal. The uterus is composed-1. Of 
a serous membrane, the peritoneum, reflected upon the 
uterus from the posterior surface of the bladder and 
anterior surface of the rectum. These folds of peri- 
toneum are called the anterior and posterior liga- 
ments. The former are the vesico-uterine, the latter 
the recto-uterine folds or plicae semilunares; the 
pouch thus formed is Douglas's cul-de-sac or space. 
The serous membrane forms also the ligamenta lata, 
alae vespertilionis, or broad ligaments. These contain, 
above, the Fallopian tube; beneath and anteriorly, the 
round ligaments; and, behind, the ovary. 2. Muscu- 
lar coat. 3. Mucous coat. The arteries proceed from 
the spermatic and hypogastric. Its veins follow the 
same course and bear the same name as the arteries. 
They are tortuous, and form large sinuses in the pari- 
etes of the organ, called Uterine sinuses. The nerves 
proceed from the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses. 
Its lymphatic vessels are multiplied, and during preg- 
nancy acquire enormous dimensions. 
The uterus is said to be one-horned, U. unicornis, 
when only half of the organ is developed; a second 
rudimentary horn may, however, be present; two- 
horned, U. bicornis, when, in consequence of incomplete 
coalescence of Muller's ducts, the horns of the organ 
diverge.-Also the abdomen. 
Uterus, antever'sion of. Anterior oblique position 
of uterus. U. bicor'nis, see Uterus. U. bicor'nis uni- 
cel'lis, in this form a median vertical fold of perito- 
neum divides the recto-vaginal pouch, and, continuing 
to the bladder, divides the utero-vesical pouch into 
two shallow depressions. U. bif'idus, " blind uterus," 
double uterus; one separated into two cavities. U. 
bif'oris, uterus in which external os is divided into 
two parts by an antero-posterior septum. U. bilocu- 
la'ris, Uterus bipartitus ; double uterus, due to arrested 
development. U., catarrh' of, leucorrhoea. U., cer'- 
vix of, portion situate below the isthmus. U., contrac'- 
tion of, rhythmical muscular contraction whereby the 
fcetus is expelled. U. cordifor'mis, heart-shaped ap- 
pearance, due to arrested development. U. diadel'- 
phys (di, adelphos, a brother), a uterus in which there 
has been separate development and non-coalescence 
of the ducts of Muller; not strictly a double uterus. 
U. du'plex (double uterus), see Uterus bilocularis. U., 
epistax'is of, hemorrhage occurring a few days after 
ovariotomy. U., her'nia of, hysterocele. U., hour'- 
glass contrac'tion of, irregular contraction, by 
which the placenta is retained in a funda or cavity 
after birth of the child. U., incarceration of, stran- 
gulation of uterus due to pressure or constriction. U. 
inclina'tus, oblique position of uterus. U., inertia 
of, deficiency in uterine force during parturition for 
expulsion of foetus. U., in'fantile, undeveloped uterus. 
U., invention of, uterus displaced and turned inside 
out. U., involution of, see Involution. U., ir'ritable, 
Neuralgia of the uterus; deep-seated pain in lower part 
of the abdomen, the back, and loins, generally dimin- 
ished by lying down and increased by exercise, and 
more severe for a few days preceding and during 
menstruation; see Hysteralgia. U. masculi'nus, see 
Ejaculatory ducts. U., neural'gia of, uterus, irritable. 
U. obli'quus, oblique position of uterus. U., one- 
horned, see Uterus. IL, prolapse of, prolapsus uteri. 
IL, retrovertion of, oblique position of uterus in a 
posterior direction. IL, rupture of, laceration of the 
womb ; this dreadful accident occurs during labor, and 
is known to have taken place when the child's head 
1137 
UZAIDELLA 
suddenly recedes during a pain, with vomiting, sink- 
ing of the pulse, cold sweats, etc. U. sep'tus, uterus 
bilocularis. U., subinvolu'tion of, see Subinvolution. 
U. subsep'tus, uterine cavity divided hy an incom- 
plete septum. U., two-horned, see Uterus and U. bi- 
cornis. U. unicor'nls, see Uterus. 
Utricle, u'tre-k'l (dim. of Uter, small bag). Small 
cell, vesicle, or depression. See Ejaculatory ducts, Semi- 
circular canals, Uterus. U., primor'dial, delicate mem- 
brane, of protein composition, lining cell-wall of veg- 
etable structures, and from exterior of which the layer 
of cellulose is secreted. U. pro'prius, middle and lower 
part of utricle of ear, comprising superior and inferior 
sinuses. U. prostat'icus, prostatic vesicle. 
Utricular, u-trik'u-lar. Eelating to or resembling 
a small bag or bottle. U. glands, glands or follicles 
concerned in formation of the decidua. 
Utriculus, u-trik'u-lus. Utricle; see Ejaculatory 
ducts, Semicircular canals, Uterus. U. commu'nis, see 
Semicircular canals. U. lac'teus, receptacuhim chyli. 
U. primordia'lis, utricle, primordial. U. prostat'icus, 
see Ejaculatory ducts. 
U'va (a grape or a bunch of grapes). Uvula ; see 
Vitis vinifera. U. inver'sa, Paris. U. lupi'na, Paris. 
U. pas'sa, see Vitis vinifera. U. ur'si, see Arbutus 
uva ursi. U. vulpi'na, Paris. 
U'vae. Eaisins. See Vitis vinifera. U. Corinthi''- 
acse, see Vitis Corinthiaca. U. pas'sae, dried grapes, 
raisins; see Vitis vinifera. U. pas'sae majo'res, see 
Vitis vinifera. U. pas'sse mino'res, see Vitis Corin- 
thiaca. U. pas'sse so'le sicca'tae, see Vitis vinifera. 
U. ur'sse fo'lia, see Arbutus uva ursi. 
Uva'ria tril'oba (uva, a See Carica papaya. 
Uvatio, u-vah'she-o (uva, a grape). Ceratocele; 
staphyloma. 
U'vea (uva, a grape). Posterior layer of the iris, 
so called from the black and very thick varnish that 
covers it. Also applied by some anatomists to the iris, 
ciliary processes, and choroid membrane. See Iris. 
U., com'missure of, ciliary ligament. 
U'veal ar'teries. Short posterior ciliary arteries. 
U. tract, choroid membrane or vascular tunic of the 
eye. 
Uvei'tis (uvea, itis). Properly, Ehagoideitis. In- 
flammation of the uvea. See Iritis. 
U'vic ac'id. Eacemic acid. 
Uvlgena, u-vij'en-ah. Uvula. 
Uvigera, u-vij'er-ah. Uvula. 
U'vula (uva, a grape). A fleshy appendix or pro- 
longation situated on the cone-shaped middle or free 
edge of the velum palati. U. cerebel'li, eminence 
on under surface of cerebellum, on median line, be- 
hind the nodulus; see Vermiform process, inferior. U. 
decid'ua, staphylcedema. U. elonga'ta, staphyl- 
cedema. U. relaxa'ta, staphylcedema. U. ver'mis, 
uvula of the cerebellum. U. vesi'cse, slight eleva- 
tion on the mucous membrane projecting from the 
lower and anterior part of the bladder into the orifice 
of the urethra. U., ves'ical, see Urinary bladder. 
U'vular. That which belongs to the uvula. U. 
glands are small follicles belonging to the mucous 
membrane covering the uvula. 
Uvula'ria (so called from the flowers hanging like 
the uvula). Euscus hypoglossum. U. grandiflo'ra 
and U. sessilifo'lia have properties similar to those 
of U. perfolia'ta, Smaller bellwort; indigenous; ord. 
Melanthacese. The root, when fresh, is subacrid and 
mucilaginous. A decoction of the plant is used in 
sore mouth. It is said to cure the bites of rattle- 
snakes. 
Instrument for excision of the uvula. 
Uvulatomy, u-vu-lat'o-me (uvula, tome, incision). 
Excision of the uvula. 
Uvulato'sls. Prolapse of the uvula. 
Uvulitis, u-vu-le'tis (uvula, itis.). Falling down of 
the palate. Inflammation of the uvula; when to a 
slight degree, called Hypostaphylitis. 
Uvulopto'sis (uvula, ptosis, falling). Eelaxation 
of the uvula. 
Uvulot'omy. Excision of the uvula. 
Uzaidel'la (P.). Chenopodium ambrosioides. VACCINA 
1138 
VAGABON DiSMUS 
V. 
Vaccina, vak-se'nah (vacca, a cow). Cowpox, Cow- 
pock, Kinepock, Inoculated cowpox. The cowpox is a 
disease of the cow, arising spontaneously, or perhaps 
from the small-pox contagion of man, or from the 
matter of grease in horses conveyed by the milkers, 
which, if transmitted to man by means of inoculation, 
may preserve him from small-pox contagion. The 
promulgation of this valuable property of the vaccine 
virus is due to Dr. Jenner, who, after many experi- 
ments extending over twenty years, made a definite 
announcement in 1798 regarding the nature of the 
virus. The Vaccine virus, Virus vaccinum, the vaccinia 
of the eruption, is usually taken from the cow, being 
regarded as safer than that taken from the human 
eruption. The characteristic of cowpox eruption is a 
semitransparent, pearl-colored vesicle with a circular 
or somewhat oval base; its upper surface, until the 
end of the eighth day, being more elevated at the 
margin than in the centre, and the margin itself be- 
ing turgid, shining, and rounded, so as often to ex- 
tend a little over the line of the base. The vesicle 
is filled with clear lymph, contained in numerous 
little cells that communicate with each other. After 
the eighth or ninth day from the insertion of the 
virus it is surrounded by a bright-red, circumscribed 
areola, which varies in its diameter, in different 
cases, from a quarter of an inch to two inches, and is 
usually attended with a considerable tumor and 
hardness of the adjoining areolar membrane. This 
areola declines on the eleventh or twelfth day; the 
surface of the vesicle then becomes brown in the 
centre, and the fluid in the cells gradually concretes 
into a hard, rounded scab or crust of a reddish-brown 
color, which at length becomes darker, contracted, 
and dry, but is not detached till three weeks after 
vaccination. It leaves a permanent circular cicatrix 
about five lines in diameter and a little depressed, 
the surface being marked with very minute pits or 
indentations, denoting the number of cells of which 
the vesicle had been composed. This is the progress 
of the genuine cowpox. At times fever, vaccinal fever, 
occurs about the ninth or eleventh day after vaccina- 
tion, but at others not the slightest indisposition is 
felt. Aberrations from this progress occur which 
must be attended to, as the same preservative influ- 
ence is not exerted by irregular or spurious cowpox. 
If the eruption runs speedily to a height, has an 
areola too early, is irregular at its edges, and con- 
tains pus instead of a limpid fluid, it cannot at all be 
depended upon. In addition to the vesicle which 
develops itself at the seat of vaccination, an eruption 
of a similar kind, Vacciniolse, sometimes occurs in 
other parts of the body, running its course at times 
with the other. To small-pox, which may occur in a 
modified form after vaccination, the term Varioloid 
has been given. Vaccination is now practised every- 
where except among those in whom ignorance and 
prejudice exclude the lights of reason and philan- 
thropy. There is ground, however, for the belief 
that for full protection revaccination may be occa- 
sionally necessary. V. antivariolo'sa, vaccina. V. 
primig'ena, vaccina. V. tutor'ia, vaccina. V. tu'- 
trix, vaccina. V. vaccinato'ria, vaccina. 
Vaccinal, vak'sin-al. Vaccine. V. fe'ver, slight 
fever occurring occasionally about the ninth to the 
eleventh day after vaccination. 
Vaccination, vak-sin-a'shun (vacca, cow). Cowpox 
inoculation, Jennerian inoculation. An operation which 
consists in inserting the vaccine virus under the 
cuticle, so that it may enter into the absorbents. 
That part of the arm about the insertion of the del- 
toid is usually selected as the seat of the inoculation. 
The skin should be carefully cleansed and put upon 
the stretch. Then with a lancet or ivory point the 
skin should be cross-hatched and the lymph rubbed 
in and allowed to dry, after which the spot should 
be covered by lint or a bandage. The best period 
for inoculation is at the third or fourth month. A 
person exposed to the contagion of small-pox should 
be revaccinated. 
Vaccinator, vak'sin-a-tor. Vaccinist. One who 
inoculates for the cowpox. Also an instrument em- 
ployed for this purpose. 
Vaccine, vak'seen (same etymon as Vaccination). 
Eelating or appertaining to vaccination, as the vaccine 
vesicle, a vaccine physician. V. vi'rus, lymph obtained 
from vaccinic eruption occurring in dried form, as 
crusts or points, or in fluid form, which is sold in the 
shops in tubes. Virus obtained from human eruptions 
is known as Humanised vaccine or virus, while that 
from the vesicles of the cow is called Bovine vaccine 
or virus. 
Vaccinella, vak-sin-el'lah (dim. of Vaccina). Spu- 
rious cowpox. 
Vaccinia, vak-sin'e-ah. Vaccina. V. palus'tris, 
Vaccinium oxycoccos. 
Vaccinifer, vak-sin'if-er {vaccina, fero, to carry). 
An instrument intended as a substitute for the lancet 
in vaccination. 
Vacciniform, vak'sin-i-form. Having resemblance 
to cowpox. 
Vaccinin, vak'sin-in. Bitter principle obtained 
from Vaccinium vitis idsea. 
Vaccinine, vak'sin-een. A term proposed for the 
specific zymotic principle by which cowpox is propa- 
gated. 
Vacciniolse, vak-sin-e'o-le (dim. of Vaccina). Erup- 
tion resembling varicella occurring occasionally as a 
result of vaccination. 
Vaccinist, vak'sin-ist. Vaccinator. 
Vaccin'ium crassifoTium. Plant similar to uva 
ursi in therapeutic properties, especially used in ca- 
tarrhal inflammation of the genito-urinary tract. V. 
macrocar'pon, see Vaccinium oxycoccos. V. myrtyl'- 
lus, Myrtleberry, Bilberry, Bleaberry, Whortleberry, 
Black whorts; ord. Vacciniese. The berries-Baccie 
myrtillorum-are esteemed to be antiscorbutic and 
astringent; used as an article of diet. V. ni'grum, 
V. myrtillus. V. oxycoc'cos, Moorberry, Cranberry, 
Mossberry, Swamp redberry, Sourberry ; the berries are 
pleasantly acid and cooling. The common American 
cranberry is from Vaccinium macrocarpon, Oxy coccus 
macrocarpus. V. Pennsylva'nicum, Low blueberry; 
the leaves and bark of the root are astringent. V. 
puncta'tum, V. vitis idsea. V. resino'sum, Gaylus- 
sacia, resinosa. V. stamin'eum, Buckberry, Squaw 
Huckleberry, Deerberry; the leaves are astringent. V. 
vi'tis idse'a, Red bilberry, Alpine cranberry, Whortle- 
berry, Cowberry; leaves are astringent; the ripe berries 
are pleasantly acid and refrigerant. Whortleberries 
are furnished by different species of Vaccinium. 
Vaccin'ois. 
Vaccinosyphilis, vak-Sm-o-sif'il-is. Vaccinal syphi- 
lis. Syphilitic inoculation by means of vaccine virus. 
Vaccinus, vak-se'nus. Vaccine. 
Vacciola, vak-se'o-lah. Vaccina. V. lepro'sa, vac- 
cinella. V. scutella'ta, vaccina. V. spu'ria, vac- 
cinella. V. ve'ra, vaccina. 
Vacillatio, vas-il-lah'she-o {vacillo, to waver). 
Staggering; waddling. V. den'tium, looseness of 
the teeth. 
Vacuolation, vak-u-o-la'shun. Condition in gan- 
glion-cells which have undergone granular degenera- 
tion, in which they contain several large spherical 
air-spaces or vacuoles. 
Vacuole, vak'u-ole. Small air-cell or globular space 
in the interior of organic cells, containing either oil 
or a clear liquid. 
Vagabondis'mus. Vagabond's discoloration. Dark- 
brown discoloration of the skin from exposure, want VAGINA 
of cleanliness, or pediculosis; sometimes mistaken for 
Addison's disease. 
Vagi'na (a sheath). Theca. A term extended to 
many parts which serve as envelopes to others. Vulvo- 
uterine canal. A cylindrical canal, five or six inches 
long, situate within the pelvis between the bladder and 
rectum. It communicates by one extremity, Ostium 
or Orificium or Os externum vaginae, with the vulva; by 
the other, Fundus, with the womb, Pars or Portio vagi- 
nalis uteri, the neck of which it embraces. It is lined 
internally by a mucous membrane, which presents 
along the anterior and posterior walls a longitudinal 
ridge, called the columns of the vagina, columns: ruga- 
rum, and is partly closed in young females by the hy- 
men and carunculae myrtiformes. Around the mucous 
membrane is a layer of spongy erectile tissue and a 
cellulovascular membrane. The following statements 
have been made as to measurements of the vagina 
(Vierordt): Length of posterior wall from the hymen 
to upper point of fornix, 70-80 mm.; length at anterior 
wall, 55-60; breadth, about 30; thickness of wall, 2; 
epithelium of mucous membrane, 0.15-0.2; papillae, 
0.13-0.18 in length. V. bul'bi, capsule of Tenon. 
V. cellulo'sa, epineurium; perimysium. V. cor'dis, 
pericardium. V., double, malformation in which 
there are two vaginae. V. fem'oris, fascia lata apon- 
eurosis. V. fibro'sa, sheath of flexor tendons. V. 
fibro'sa ner'vi op'tlca, fibrous sheath of optic nerve. 
V. funic'uli umbilica'lis, see Funiculus umbilicalis. 
V. Glisso'nii, capsule of Glisson. V., her'nia of, see 
Cystocele. V. malleola'ris exter'na, retinaculum ten- 
dinum perinaeorum. V. masculi'na, see Ejaculatory 
ducts. V. mulie'bris, vagina. V. muscula'ris, peri- 
mysium. V. nervo'rum, neurilemma. V. oc'uli, V. 
bulbi. V. pe'nis, vagina. V. pi'll, see Hair. V., 
pol'ypus of, see Polypus. V. por'tse, capsule of Glis- 
son. V., ru'gae of, elevated portions of the mucous 
membrane of the vagina. V. tendino'sa cru'ris, fas- 
cia lata. V. ten'dinum, synovial sheath. V. uteri'na, 
vagina. V. vaso'rum cruraTium, crural sheath. V. 
of the ve'na por'ta, Sheath of the vena porta ; the areo- 
lar membrane that accompanies the divisions of the 
vena porta into the substance of the liver. 
Vagi'nse muco'sse. See Bursae mucosae. V. syno- 
via'les (synovial sheaths), bursae mucosae. 
Vagi'nal (vagina, a sheath). Eelating or pertaining 
to the vagina or to a sheath. V. ar'tery arises from 
the hypogagtric, or from the uterine, vesical, internal 
pudic, umbilical, etc., and sends its branches first to 
the lateral parts of the vagina, and afterward to the 
anterior and posterior surfaces. V. bil'iary plex'us, 
a plexus of ramifications of the hepatic duct through 
the capsule of Glisson. V. branch'es of the ve'na 
por'ta, those which have to pass through the sheath 
of the capsule of Glisson previous to entering the 
interlobular spaces. In this course they form the 
vaginal plexus. There are also vaginal branches, and 
a vaginal plexus formed by the hepatic artery. V. 
coat of the eye, capsule of Tenon. V. coat of the 
tes'ticle, the serous membrane enveloping the testi- 
cle. The tunica vaginalis forms a close sac investing 
the testicle and epididymis, without containing them 
in its cavity, and reflected so as to form a bag around 
the circumference of the testis; hence it is divided 
into tunica vaginalis propria and tunica vaginalis re- 
flexa. V. douche, apparatus for bathing the vagina 
with fluids. V. gan'glia, see Spermatic ganglion. V. 
hysterec'tomy, excision of the uterus through the 
vagina. V. ovariot'omy, removal of an ovarian tu- 
mor through an incision in the vagina. V. plex'us, 
see Vaginal branches of the vena porta. V. pro'cess of 
the tem'poral bone, a bony crista which embraces 
the base of the styloid process. V. pulse, pulsation 
of the vaginal artery, which is increased in pregnancy, 
during abortion, labor, etc. V. respira'tlon, rise and 
fall of the vagina under the influence of similar 
movements on the part of the diaphragm. V. sup- 
positories, see Suppositories and Pessary. 
Vaginali'tis. Inflammation of the tunica vaginalis. 
Vaginate, vaj'in-ate. In a sheath. 
Vaginis'mus. Spasm of the sphincter muscle of 
1139 
VALIGA 
the vagina, with hyperesthesia of the surrounding 
parts. 
Vaginitis, vaj-in-e'tis. Inflammation of the 
vagina. When occurring during childbirth it is 
called puerperal vaginitis. When accompanied with 
leucorrhoea and the growth of papillary projections 
on the surface of the membrane, it is called, from its 
granular appearance, vaginitis granulosa, granular 
vaginitis. See Leucorrhoea (vaginal). It may also be 
gonorrhoeal, Gonorrhoeal vaginitis. 
Vaginodynia, vaj-in-o-din'e-ah (vagina, odune, pain). 
Pain in the vagina. 
Vaginotomy, vaj-in-ot'o-me. Incision into the 
vagina. Colpotomy is a better term. 
Vaginovesical, vaj-in-o-ves'ik-al. Relating to the 
bladder and vagina. 
Vagitus, vaj'it-us (vagio, to cry). Cry of the new- 
born child ; squalling. V. uteri'nus, sound made by 
the child in utero. 
Va'go-accesso'rius. Pneumogastric and spinal ac- 
cessory nerves considered as one trunk. 
Vagot'omy. Section of the vagus nerve. 
Va'grant cells. See Amoeboid. 
Va'gus (ner'vus) (wandering nerve). Pneumogas- 
tric. 
Valan'ida. Fagus sylvatica. 
Valantia aparine, val-an'she-ah ap-ar-een'e (after 
S. Vaillant, a French botanist). Galium aparine. 
Valentin'ian ves'icles (after Valentin, the German 
physiologist). See Molecule. 
Val'eren. A terpine entering into the composition 
of valerianic acid. 
Vale'rian, Amer'ican. Cypripedium luteum ; Va- 
leriana pauciflora. V., gar'den, Valeriana phu. V., 
Greek, Polemonium reptans. V., offlc'inal, Valeriana. 
V., wild, Senecio aureus; valeriana; V. pauciflora. 
Valeria'na. Wild or officinal valerian; ord. Vale- 
rianacese. The officinal valerian is the rhizome and 
rootlets of V. officinalis. It is used in a variety of 
nervous complaints. It has a strong, fetid odor; bit- 
terish, subacrid, and warm taste. The distilled oil is 
official (Ph. U. S.). The kooyah root or kooyahs of 
the Indians in Oregon, used by them for making a 
bread called supale, is said to be that of Valeriana 
officinalis or Valeriana edulis, probably the same as 
that sometimes written Icons. It is frequently called 
Tobacco root. V. Capen'sis, South African species, 
has similar virtues. V. Celt'ica, the roots of this 
Alpine plant are stomachic, carminative, and diu- 
retic. V. denta'ta, Corn salad; a wholesome, succu- 
lent plant, cultivated in Europe as a salad. It is 
antiscorbutic and gently aperient. V. edu'lis, see 
Valeriana. V. locus'ta, V. dentata. V. ma'jor, V. 
phu. V. mi'nor, valeriana. V. officina'lis, Valeri- 
ana. V. pauciflo'ra, American or Wild valerian, has 
the properties of other valerians. V. phu, Garden va- 
lerian. The root has been recommended in rheuma- 
tism, especially in sciatica and in epilepsy. V. saxat'- 
ilis, V. Celtica. V. spi'ca, Nardus Indica. V. syl- 
vat'ica, see V. pauciflora. 
Vale'rianate. Combination of valerianic acid with 
a base. Valerianates of ammonium, iron, quinine and 
zinc are used medicinally. See Zinci valerianas, etc. 
Valerian'ic ac'id. See Acidum valerianicum. 
Vale'ric ac'id. Acidum valerianicum. 
Valerine, val'er-een. Alkaloid obtained from va- 
lerian. 
Val'erol. Valerian camphor, changed by the air 
into valerianic acid. 
Valetudina'rian. Valetudinary. 
Valetudinarium, val-a-tu-din-ah're-um (valetudo, 
health). Hospital. 
Valetudlna'rius. Sickly; valetudinary. 
Valetu'dinary. Valetudinarian. One of delicate 
health or subject to frequent diseases. An invalid. 
Valetudo, val-a-tu'do. Health. V. adver'sa, dis- 
ease. V. bo'na, good health. V. com'moda, health. 
V. secun'da, health. 
Val'gus (bowlegged). See Cnemoscoliosis, Talipes, 
and Kyllosis. V. spu'rius, see Kyllosis. 
Valiga, val-e'gah. Tinctura jalapii. VALITUDO 
Valitudo. Health. 
Vallecula, val-lek'u-lah (dim. of Val'lis). Valley. 
V. cerebel'li, see Valley. V. cor'dis, depression ex- 
tending from anterior to posterior longitudinal fur- 
row at apex of heart. V. glos'so-epiglot'tica, fossa 
glosso-epiglottica. V. ova'ta, fissure of liver in which 
the gall-bladder reposes. V. Reil'ii, fissure of Syl- 
vius. V. Syl'vii, fissure of Sylvius. V. un'guis, see 
Nail. 
Valleix's points. Points of tenderness occurring 
along the course of nerves in certain inflammatory 
and neuralgic conditions. 
Vallet's (val'la's) mass. Massa ferri carbonatis. 
Val'ley. The deep fissure on the inferior part of 
the cerebellum which divides it into two symmetrical 
portions and receives the medulla oblongata. 
Val'lis. Valley. V. ala'rum, valley of the arm- 
pits ; axilla. V. fem'orum, vulva. 
Val'lum (a palisaded rampart). The eyebrow or 
supercilium. Also a species of bandage. 
Valo'nia. Cups of large acorns of Quercus 2Egilops, 
native of Levant, containing a large percentage of tan- 
nic acid. 
Valsal'va, lig'ament of (after Valsalva, the cele- 
brated Italian anatomist). Ligamentous band unit- 
ing the pinna of the ear to the temporal bone. V., 
si'nuses of, see Sinuses. 
Valsal'va's experiment. This consists in inflation 
of the Eustachian tube by closing the nose and mouth, 
and employing a forcible expiration. V.'s meth'od, 
mode of treatment for internal aneurisms proposed 
by Valsalva, consisting of general depletion by vene- 
section, purgatives, and restricted diet. 
Val'va. Valve. V. Tul'pii, ileocaecal valve. 
Valve (valves, folding-doors, itself from volvo, to fold 
up). Any membrane or duplicature of a membrane 
which prevents a reflux in the vessels and canals of 
the animal body. There are some valves whose func- 
tions appear to be to retard or to modify the course 
of substances along canals, etc. See Mitral, Sigmoid, 
Tricuspid, Ileocsecal valve, etc. V. of Am'ussat, see 
Gall-bladder. V. of Bau'hin, see Bauhin. V., cor'- 
onary, see Coronary. V. of Eustach'ius, Eustachian 
valve. V. of Fallo'pius, Bauhin, valve of. V. of 
gall'-bladder, Bauhin, valve of. V., ileocse'cal, 
Bauhin, valve of. V., ileocol'ic, Bauhin, valve of. 
V. of Kerk'ring, valvulee conniventes. V., mi'tral, 
see Heart and Mitral. V., pylo'rlc, see Pylorus. 
V., semilu'nar, see Heart and Semilunar. V. of The- 
be'sius, coronary fold of membrane protecting the 
coronary sinus. V., tricus'pid, see Heart and Tricus- 
pid. V. of Tul'pius, Bauhin, valve of. V. of 
Varo'lius, Bauhin, valve of. V. of Vieus'sens, val- 
vula Vieussenii. 
Valves of the heart. See Heart, Mitral, Coronary, 
etc. V., Kerkrin'gian, valvulse conniventes. V., 
semilu'nar, sigmoid valves. 
Val'vula (dim of Valva). Valve. V. Bauhi'ni, 
Bauhin, valve of. V. cse'ci, Bauhin, valve of. V. 
cerebel'li, valvula Vieussenii. V. co'li, Bauhin, 
valve of. V. Eustach'ii, Eustachian valve. V. for- 
am'inis ova'lis, ovalis fossa. V. fos'sse navicula'ris, 
transverse duplicature of mucous membrane in ure- 
thra at proximal end of fossa navicularis. V. Guif- 
fartia'na, see Thebesius, veins of. V. Heis'teri, see 
Gall-bladder. V. hymena'lis ure'thrse vtri'lis, val- 
vula fossae navicularis. V. il'ei, Bauhin, valve of. V. 
lacryma'lis infe'rior, duplicature of mucous mem- 
brane occasionally at nasal portion of lacrymal duct. 
V. lacryma'lis supe'rior, duplicature of mucous mem- 
brane situate in the lacrymal sac below the opening of 
the lacrymal canals. V. mag'na cer'ebri, V. Vieus- 
senii. V. pylo'rica, see Urinary bladder. V. semilu- 
na'ris, a small doubling of the tunica conjunctiva, 
wrhich lies between the caruncula lacrymalis and the 
ball of the eye; in birds this is large and called the 
membrana nictitans. V. semiluna'ris arteria'rum, 
semilunar valves of aorta and pulmonary artery. V. 
semiluna'ris cerebel'li, posterior medullary velum. 
V. si'nus sinis'tri, interauricular valve. V. Tari'ni, 
velum medullare posterius. V. Thebe'sii, see Thebe- 
1140 
VAPOR 
sius, veins of. V. Tul'pii, Bauhin, valve of. V. vagl'- 
nae, hymen. V. ve'nae mag'nse, see Thebesius, valve 
of. V. ves'ico-uretra'lis, see Urinary bladder. V. 
Vieussen'ii, a thin medullary lamina over the under 
end of the aquaeductus Sylvii and upper part of the 
fourth ventricle. At the sides of the valves are two 
medullary tracts called processus ad testes, columnae 
valvulae Vieussenii, or oblique intercerebral commis- 
sure. V. Willisia'na, valvula Vieussenii. 
Vai'vulae (pl. of Valvula). V. bicuspidales; mitral 
valves. V. arterio'sae, semilunar valves. V. atrio- 
ventricula'res, auriculo-ventricular valves. V. con- 
nivences (self-closing valvulae), Kerkringian valves or 
Valves of Kerkring; numerous circular folds in the 
intestinal canal from the pyloric orifice through the 
greater part of the small intestine; they are folds 
of the mucous membrane, and their chief use appears 
to be to retard the passage of food and to afford a 
larger surface for the origin of chyliferous vessels. 
V. cor'dis, valves of the heart. V. cor'dis mitra'les, 
mitral valves. V. cuspida'les, auriculo-ventricular 
valves. V. Kerkring'ii, valvulae conniventes. V. 
proces'stis vermifor'mis, valves occasionally found 
at orifice of vermiform appendix. V. semiluna'res, 
sigmoid valves. V. spiraTes Heis'teri, Heister's 
valves. V. triglo'chines, tricuspid valves. V. tri- 
sul'csa, tricuspid valves. V. vena'rum, valves of 
veins. V. veno'sse, auriculoventricular valves. 
Valvuli'tis. Inflammation of valve of the heart, 
as in endocarditis. 
Van Best's operation. Operation for radical cure 
of inguinal hernia by means of subcutaneous sutur- 
ing of the external rings of the inguinal canal. 
Vandel'lia diffu'sa (after Vandelli) professor of 
botany at Coimbra). Native of Brazil, Guiana, and 
Isle of France; ord. Scrophulariaceae; used as an anti- 
bilious emetic and antiperiodic. Regarded as an ef- 
ficacious remedy in malignant fever and dysentery, 
especially in cases connected with a disordered liver. 
Vanel'loe. Vanilla. 
Vanil'la. Long, flatfish pod, containing, under a 
wrinkled, brittle shell, a reddish-brown pulp with 
small, shining, black seeds. The parasitic plant 
which affords this pod is the Epidendrum vanilla, Va- 
nilla aromatica or Mexicana, and other species. Family, 
Orchidaceae. Vanelloes have an unctuous, aromatic 
taste and fragrant smell, like that of the finer bal- 
sams, heightened with musk. Although chiefly used 
as perfumes, they are reputed to possess aphrodisiac 
virtues. V. aromat/ica, see Vanilla. 
Vanil'lic ac'id. Substance produced as a result of 
oxidation of vanillin. 
Vanil'lin. Odoriferous principle of vanilla occur- 
ring in stellate groups of colorless needles. It is also 
produced from coniferin and guaiacol. Stimulant in 
atonic indigestion. 
Vanil'lism. Peculiar set of symptoms occurring 
among workmen in vanilla factories, due to inhala- 
tion of vanilla-dust. 
Van Swie'ten's solu'tion. Solution of perchloride 
of mercury (1 to 1000). 
Vao. See Curare. 
Va'por. Flatulence. The Ph. B. has several prep- 
arations for inhalation under this head-Vapores. 
V. ac'idi hydrocyan'ici, Inhalation of hydrocyanic 
acid (acid, hydrocyanic, dilut., aquae 
frigid., fjj; Ph. B.). V. bath, vaporarium. V. 
chlo'ri, Inhalation of chlorine (calcis chlorinat., §ij; 
aquae frigid., q. s.; Ph. B.). V. coni'nae, Inhalation 
of conine (succi conii, liquor, potassae, f3j ; 
aquae destillat., ; put 20 minims of the mixture 
on a sponge in a suitable apparatus, so that the vapor 
of hot water passing over it may be inhaled; Ph. B.). 
V. creaso'ti, Inhalation of creosote (creasot., TTLxij ; 
aquae bullient., ; Ph. B.). V. i'odi, Inhalation 
of iodine (tinct. iodi, f3j; aquae, f,5j ; Ph. B.). V. 
o'lei pi'ni sylves'tris, Inhalation of fir-wool oil (fir- 
wool oil, IT^xl; light carbonate of magnesium, gr. 
xx ; water, q. s. to make V. san'guinis, vapor 
of the blood; gaz sanguinis. V. ten'sion, elastic or 
expansile force of vapor. VAPORARIUM 
Vapora'rium (vapor, steam). Vapor bath. A rem- 
edy in rheumatic and cutaneous affections and wher- 
ever it is important to impress the cutaneous surface. 
In the Russian vapor hath the vapor is produced by 
throwing water over hot stones, and the bather, after 
being rubbed down, passes at once from the heated 
condition to cool or cold water, not only with impu- 
nity, but with positive pleasure. Its temperature is 
from 122° to 145°. Trousseau has suggested, in the 
treatment of phthisis, a vaporarium-a room filled 
with steam-in which the patient always remains, 
thus imitating the atmosphere of a moist, warm 
climate. Sweating-place in ancient baths. Furnace 
for heating baths. See Stove. 
Vaporatio, vap-or-ah'she-o (vaporo, to emit steam or 
vapor). Evaporation. 
Vapo'res (pl. of Vapor). See Vapor. V. uteri'ni, 
hysteria. 
Va'porish. Hypochondriac; hysterical. 
Vaporization, va-por-i-za'shun. Conversion of 
solids or liquids into vapor. 
Va'porous. Windy. 
Va'pors. Hypochondriasis; hysteria. 
Va'pory. Hypochondriacal; hysterical. 
Varec' (wrack). Kelp. See Soda. 
Vare'ni. Mobile and periodical tumors affecting 
different parts. Gout (wandering). 
Variation. Deviation in form, position, state, or 
qualities of the same individual; may be due to 
change of environment. 
Varicella, var-e-sel'lah (dim. of Variola). Chicken- 
pox. A disease characterized by vesicles scattered 
over the body, which are glabrous, transparent, and 
about the size of peas. They appear in successive 
crops, are covered by a thin pellicle, and about the 
third, fourth, or fifth day from their appearance 
burst at the top and concrete into small, puckered 
scabs, which rarely leave a pit in the skin. Three 
varieties have sometimes been designated: 1. The 
V. lentiformes or, lenticular chickenpox, which are 
irregularly circular and flattened on the top; the 
fluid being at first whitish, and afterward straw- 
colored ; this is the common chickenpox. 2. The 
varicella coniformis, variously named pemphigus 
variolodes, variola lymphatica, crystalli, hydrachnis, 
varicella verrucosa, variolae verrucosae, conoidal 
chickenpox, glasspox, windpox, sheeppox, swinepox, 
waterpox, waterjags, in which the vesicles are gene- 
rally acuminated and the fluid is pellucid throughout. 
3. The Varicella globularis or Hives, in which the ves- 
icles are globular and larger, the fluid being at first 
whey-colored, and afterward yellowish. These di- 
visions, are, however, very arbitrary, for they are 
often confounded. Hornpox is a papular variety of 
varicella. V. pruri'go, variety described by Hutch- 
inson in which there are successive crops of vesicles 
which may go on to ulceration. V. varioloi'dea, 
varioloid. V. verruco'sa, see Varicella. 
Varicel'lar fever. See Varioloid. 
Variciform, var'is-e-form. Resembling a varix. 
Varicifor'mes paras'tatae (varix, forma, form). 
Term applied to the ducts of the epididymis, because 
they seem knotty and varicose. 
Varicoblepharon, var-ik-o-blef'ar-on (varix, bleph- 
aron, eyelid). A varicose tumor of the eyelid. 
Varicocele (Eng. var'ik-o-seel) (varix, kele, tumor). 
A varicose dilatation of the veins of the scrotum and 
spermatic cord. This latter variety of the disease is 
more common on the left side than on the right. It 
appears under the form of a soft, doughy, unequal, 
knotty, compressible, and indolent tumor, situate in 
the course of the cord and increasing from below up- 
ward. It is less when the individual is in the re- 
cumbent posture, and increases when he is erect; or- 
dinarily an affection of no moment, requiring merely 
the use of a proper suspensory bandage. 
Varicomphalus, var-ik-om'fal-us (varix, omphalos, 
navel). Varicose tumor of umbilicus; cirsomphalus. 
Varicose, var'i-kose (varix). Varicous. Affected 
with varix or belonging to or connected with varix, 
as a varicose vein. 
1141 
VARIOLOID 
Varicositas, var-e-kos'it-as. See Varix. V. con- 
junctivae, cirsophthalmia. 
Varicosity, var-e-kos'it-e. See Varix. 
Varicula, var-ik'u-lah (dim. of Varix). Varix. 
Varicose swelling of veins of conjunctiva. 
Vari'ola (varius, spotted, vari, pimples). Small-pox. 
Very contagious disease characterized by fever, with 
pustules appearing from the third to the fifth day, 
and suppurating from the eighth to the tenth, and 
possessing all the distinctive properties of the major 
exanthemata. It is capable of being produced by 
inoculation, but this inoculated small-pox-variola 
inserta-communicates the disease as readily through 
the air as the natural small-pox, or that received 
without inoculation. Small-pox is divided into two 
classes, according to the character of the eruption- 
the discrete or distinct and the confluent: 1. In vari- 
ola discreta, Empyesis variola discreta, Variola dis- 
creta benigna, Variolas regulares discretes, Distinct 
small-pox, the pustules are usually the size of peas, 
distinct, distended, and circular, the intervening 
spaces being red; the fever inflammatory through- 
out, and ceasing when the eruption is complete. 2. 
In variola confluens, Empyesis variola confluens, Vari- 
olas regulares confluentes, Vesiculee divas barbaras, Con- 
fluent small-pox, the pustules are confluent or run 
together; flaccid and irregularly circumscribed ; the 
intervening spaces being pale, and the accompanying 
fever typhoid. In children diarrhcea, and in adults 
ptyalism, with swelling of the hands and feet, gener- 
ally appear toward the period of the secondary fever, 
■which occurs from the tenth to the thirteenth day. 
The fever that precedes and accompanies the eruption 
is called the eruptive fever. The prognosis is favor- 
able to the distinct kind if properly managed. The 
confluent is always dangerous, the unfavorable symp- 
toms being flattening of the pustules or subsidence 
of the eruption, the breathing becoming much ob- 
structed or oppressed, or marks of inflammatory and 
congestive affections occurring in the different vis- 
cera. When the pimples are confluent in patches, the 
patches being, however, separated by intervals of un- 
affected skin, it constitutes the clustered, coherent, 
or corymbose variety-variola corymbosa. When 
there are comparatively few pustules, and the general 
eruption scarcely passes beyond the vesicular stage, 
the term varicelloid small-pox, variola curta, has been 
applied to it. Other forms of variolae have been 
mentioned, such as the petechial and hemorrhagic, 
V. cruenta or black pox, V. gangraenosa, etc. V. 
Amboinen'sis, frambcesia. V. con'fluens, see Vari- 
ola. V. corymbo'sa, see Variola. V. cur'ta, varicel- 
loid. V. discrezta, see Variola. V. inser'ta, variola 
(by inoculation). V. lymphat'ica, varicella. V. miti- 
ga'ta, varioloid. V. modifica'ta, varioloid. V.,ozvine, 
a disease of sheep resembling, but not identified with, 
small-pox in man. V. semicon'fluens, the pustules 
touch each other without coalescing. V. sine vari'o- 
lis, Variolous fever ; occasionally observed during prev- 
alence of variola, in which constitutional phenomena 
are present without cutaneous eruption. V. spu'ria, 
varicella. V. vaccina, vaccina. V. vaccinato'rum, 
varioloid. V. varicellifor'mis, see Variola. 
Vari'olae. Variola. V. equinae, see Grease. V. 
illegit'imae, varicella. V. modifica'tae, varioloid. V. 
no'thae, varicella. V. puceilae, varicella. V. syl- 
ves'tris, varicella. V. tutor'iae, vaccina. V. ve'rae, 
variola. V. verruco'sse, see Variola. V. volat'icaa, 
varicella. 
Variolate, var-i'o-late (variola). Having resem- 
blance to pustular eruption of variola. 
Variola'tion. Inoculation (small-pox). 
Vari'oli. Variola. 
Variolic, var-i'o-lik. Variolous. 
Variolization, var-i-ol-i-za'shun. Inoculation of 
small-pox. 
Varioloid, var'e-o-loid (variola, small-pox, eidos, 
resemblance). Abortive small-pox. Small-pox modi- 
fied by previous inoculation or vaccination, and hence 
properly called modified small-pox. It is almost 
always a milder disease than small-pox, and this VARIOLOIS 
circumstance, with its shorter duration, exhibits the 
salutary effects of previous vaccination or inoculation. 
It has appeared epidemically. Occasionally, when 
varioloid is epidemic, varioloid or varicellar fever 
occurs without the eruption. This is the varicellse 
sine varicellis of Mr. Erasmus Wilson, who calls vario- 
loid varicella. V. fe'ver, see Varioloid. 
Var'iolois. Varioloid. 
Variolous, var-i'o-lus. Eelating or belonging to 
variola. 
Variolovaccination. Inoculation with variolo- 
vaccine lymph. 
Va'rix (vario, to turn or twist). Varicose vein. Per- 
manent dilatation of a vein, Varicosity. Varices are 
owing to local retardation of the venous circulation, 
and, in some cases, to relaxation of the parietes of the 
veins. They are very common in the superficial veins 
of the lower limbs, especially of pregnant females. 
The tumor or tumors formed by varices are soft, 
knotty, unequal, indolent, and livid, without pulsa- 
tion, and yielding readily to the impression of the 
finger, but returning as soon as the compression is 
discontinued. V., aneuris'mal, see Aneurism, arterio- 
venous. V. aneuris'micus, see Aneurism, arterio- 
venous. V., arte'rial, see Aneurism. 
Varo'lian bend. Middle of three primary flexures 
of the embryonic mammalian brain, situate anteriorly, 
between the hind- and after-brain. 
Varo'lius, bridge of. Pons Varolii. 
Va'rus (varius, spotted). A spot or pimple on the 
face; acne, ianthus. Also entogonyancon and kyl- 
losis (varus, having the legs bent). Talipes. V. 
com'edo, comedo. V. ment'agra, sycosis. V. punc- 
ta'tus, see Acne. V. seba'ceus, seborrhcea. 
Vas. Vessel; penis. V. aber'rans Hal'leri, vas- 
culum aberrans. V. af'ferens, afferent vessel. V. 
def'erens mulle'bris, tuba Fallopiana. V. ef'ferens, 
efferent vessel. V. epididym'idis, canal of epididy- 
mis. V. Hal'leri, vasculum aberrans. V. spira'le, 
a small vein imbedded in the membrana basilaris 
of the cochlea, connected with the vessels of the 
lamina spiralis ossea. V. urina'rium, ureter. 
Va'sa (pl. of Vas) aberran'tia. Peculiar ramifica- 
tions of the biliary duct in the liver. Also long 
slender vessels sometimes connecting the brachial 
or capillary arteries with one of the arteries of the 
forearm. V. absorben'tia, absorbent vessels. V. 
afferen'tia, see Afferent and Efferent. V. bre'via, see 
Brevia vasa. V. capilla'ria, capillary vessels. V. 
capriola'ria, spermatic vessels. V. centra'lia ner'vi 
op'tici, central vessels of optic nerve. V. chylif'era 
or chylof'era, chyliferous vessels. V. chylopoetTca 
urinif'era, blood-vessels which convey fluids from 
the chyliferous vessels to the renal veins. V. cilla'- 
ria, ciliary arteries and veins. V. efferen'tia, see 
Afferent and Efferent. V. excreto'ria tes'tis, see Ef- 
ferent. V. exiialan'tia, exhalant vessels. V. Graaf- 
ia'nse, see Efferent. V. hep'atis aberran'tia, aber- 
rant ducts of liver. V. hep'atis interlobula'ria, 
interlobular veins of liver. V. hydrago'ga, lymph- 
atic vessels. V. inferen'tia, see Afferent and Efferent. 
V. intesti'ni ten'uis, branches of the superior mesen- 
teric artery distributed to the jejunum and ileum. 
V. lac'tea, chyliferous vessels; lactiferous vessels. 
V. lymphat'ica, lymphatic vessels. V. menin'gea, 
meningeal vessels. V. nutrien'tia, vasa vasorum. 
V. nutrit'ia, vasa vasorum. V. rec'ta, see Rete testis. 
V. resorben'tia, absorbent vessels; lymphatic vessels. 
V. seda'lia, hsemorrhoidal vessels. V. sero'sa, see 
Capillary vessels. V. serpenti'na tes'tis, seminiferous 
tubules. V. vaso'rum, vessels of vessels; small vessels 
which supply the parietes of larger ones with blood 
for their nutrition. The cardiac or coronary arteries 
and veins may be regarded as the vasa vasorum of 
the heart. V. vortico'sa (vortex, a whirlpool), the 
contorted vessels which creep on the choroid coat of 
the eye ; ciliary veins. 
Vazsal (vas, a vessel). Vascular. 
Vasco'a amplexicaul'is (after Vasco de Gama). S. 
African shrub, ord. Leguminoste, the roots of which 
taste like licorice. They are used, in decoction, in 
1142 
VATER 
catarrh and phthisis, and are a good substitute for 
licorice. V. perfoliata, native of South Africa, used 
as a diuretic. 
Vascula (pl. of Vasculum) serpenti'na. See Tes- 
ticle. 
Vascular, vas'ku-lar (vas, a vessel, toscuIwwi, a little 
vessel). That which belongs or relates to vessels, 
arterial, venous, or lymphatic, but generally re- 
stricted to blood-vessels only. Full of vessels. The 
Vascular system includes the blood-vessels as follows: 
1. Arterial system, or system of red blood, com- 
mencing with the radicles of the pulmonary veins 
and including the pulmonary veins, the left cavities 
of the heart, and the aorta with all its ramifications. 
The blood in this system is distributed to the general 
capillary system, 'where it loses its arterial quality 
and becomes venous. 2. Venous system or vascular 
system of black blood, carrying the blood from every 
part of the system to the lungs. It takes its origin 
in the general capillary system, continues in the 
veins, right auricle and ventricle of the heart, and 
the pulmonary artery and its branches, and is finally 
lost in the capillary system of the lungs. See Circu- 
lation. V. glands, see Ganglion. V. lay'er, see Ger- 
minal layer. V. papil'lse, papillae of skin devoid of 
tactile corpuscles. V. radhcles, radical vessels. V. 
sub'stance of the kid'ney, see Kidney. V. system, 
see Vascular. V. system, intermediate, capillary 
system. V. sys'tem, peripheral, capillary system. 
V. tu'mor, see Hemorrhoids. V. tu'mor of the urethra, 
see Urethra. 
Vascularity, vas-ku-lar'it-e. The state of being 
vascular or largely supplied with vessels. 
Vascularization, vas-ku-lar-i-za'shun. Formation 
and extension of blood-vessels in a part; also applied 
to condition of bone associated with fungating ostitis, 
in which the tissue becomes canaliculated, and is said 
by some observers to be occupied by capillary vessels. 
Vasculomo'tor. Vasomotor. 
Vasculo'sa (vasculum, vessel). Choroid coat of eye. 
Vas'culum (dim. of Vas, a vessel). Vessel; penis. 
V. aber'rans (aberro, to wander from), Aberrant duct, 
Appendix to the epididymis, small convoluted duct, of 
variable length, generally connected with the duct 
of the epididymis, immediately before the commence- 
ment of the vas deferens. V. sanguinif'erum, blood- 
vessel. V. serpenti'num, seminiferous tubules. 
Vas'eline. Petrolatum. 
Vasicine, vas-i'seen. Alkaloid from leaves of Ad- 
hatoda vasica. 
Vasifactive (vasculum, vessel, facio, to make). 
Producing vessels. 
Vasoconstrictor. Vasomotor. 
Vasocoro'na. System of blood-vessels which pen- 
etrate the spinal cord and supply its substance. 
Vasoden'tine (vasum, vessel, dens, tooth). Modifi- 
cation of the dentine by the permanent distribution 
of red blood to it through vascular canals. 
Vasodilator centre. Hypothetical centre sup- 
posed to have control over the dilating mechanism of 
the arteries. V. nerves, nerves which, when stimu- 
lated, cause relaxation and rest of the arteries. 
Vasoform'ative cells. Highly refractive cells of 
variable shape existing in the omentum of young 
rabbits, which are the seat of origin of non-nucleated 
red blood-corpuscles. 
Vasohypoton'ic. Vasodilator. 
Vaso-inhib'itory nerves. Vasodilator nerves. 
Vasomotor (vas, a vessel, motor, mover). That 
which causes relaxation or contraction in the blood- 
vessels. V. centres, hypothetical centres situate 
in the medulla oblongata and spinal cord, having 
control over the vasomotor mechanism. V. nerves, 
nerves connecting the vasomotor centres with the 
motor mechanism of the blood-vessels. 
Vastus. Vast or great in extent, as V. exter'nus 
and V. inter'nus, two considerable fleshy masses 
w7hich form part of the triceps cruris; see Triceps. 
Va'sum. Vessel. 
Vater, ampul'la of (after Vater, German anato- 
mist). Ampulla formed by the orifice of the pancreatic VATERIA INDICA 
duct in the duodenum. V., cor'puscles of, corpuscles, 
Pacinian. V., fold of, fold of mucous membrane of 
duodenum above opening of pancreatic duct. 
Vate'ria In'dica (after Abraham Vater, a physician 
and botanist of Wittenberg). See Copal. 
Vaticin'ium chiroman'ticum (vaticinor, to foretell). 
Chiromancy. 
Vault (volvo, to turn). Name given to parts which 
are rounded superiorly, concave and arched inferiorly, 
as the vault of the cranium or upper part of the skull, 
the palatine vault or roof of the mouth, etc. 
Vaulting of the chest. Precordial elevation or 
arching of the parietes of the thorax in the new-born 
child, in hypertrophy of the heart, etc. 
Vauqueline (after Vauquelin, the French chemist). 
Strychnia. 
Veal broth. Veal tea. V. tea may be made in the 
same manner as beef tea, using a pound of fillet of 
veal, free from fat and sliced, and a pint and a half of 
boiling water, and boiling for half an hour. It may 
also be made of the fleshy part of a knuckle of veal. 
Vecor'dia. Want of reason; idiotism. Insanity. 
Vec'tls, (veho, vectum, to carry). Lever; instru- 
ment with curved blade, similar to one blade of 
short straight obstetrical forceps, used as a lever to 
assist delivery of the head. V. elevato'rius, elevator. 
V. triplo'i'des, triploid elevator. 
Vec'tor canal' (veho, vectum, to carry). Fallopian 
tube. 
Vegetable (vegeo, to flourish). Appertaining or re- 
lating to plants. A vegetable is an organized being 
devoid of sensation and voluntary motion, which re- 
ceives its nutriment, essentially, by the roots. The 
study of vegetables is Phytology. V. albu'min, sub- 
stance corresponding to egg or serum albumin, found 
in juices and seeds of certain plants; noted especially 
in juice of papaw. V. an'timony, Eupatorium per- 
foliatum. V. brim'stone, lycopodium. V. ca'sein, 
substance corresponding to animal casein, existing in 
seeds of Leguminosae, especially peas, beans, lentils, 
hops, and almonds. V. fi'brin, gluten-casein. V. 
food, this includes quite a variety of articles contain- 
ing albumen and fat and an excess of non-nitroge- 
nous over the nitrogenous constituents. They are 
chiefly carbohydrates, and are generally less diges- 
tible than animal aliments. V. gold, pipitzahoic 
acid. V. mer'cury, root of Anchieta salutaris and 
Franciscea uniflora; antisyphilitic. V. my'osin, veg- 
etable substance resembling animal myosin in seeds 
of certain plants. V. paraglo'bin, substance having 
same properties as animal paraglobin, discovered in 
papaw juice. V. pole, collection of deutoplasm or 
food yolk in one part of the ovum, as opposed to pro- 
toplasm or the animal part at the animal pole. V. 
sponge, fabric made of vegetable fibres of fruit of 
Luffa jEgyptiaca; used as a flesh-brush in bathing. 
V. sul'phur, lycopodium. V. wax, calcareous prod- 
uct, resembling beeswax, in several plants. 
Vegetal'ity (vigeo, to be active). Aggregate of phys- 
iological phenomena existing alone in vegetables, but 
common to plants and animals. See Animality. 
Vegeta'rian. See Vegetarianism. 
Vegeta'rianlsm (same etymon as Vegetation). A 
term employed to designate the view that man, for 
his full mental and corporeal development, ought to 
subsist on the direct productions of the vegetable 
kingdom, and totally abstain from flesh and blood. 
An advocate of this doctrine is called a Vegetarian. 
Vegeta'tion (vegeo, to be active, to grow like a 
plant). A morbid production like an excrescence on 
an organ or part, as on the heart-valves. A fleshy 
granulation, Hypersarcosis, at the surfaces of wounds 
or ulcers. V., dendrit'ic, cancer, villous. 
Veg'etative. Having relation to growth or nutri- 
tion, as vegetative functions. V. pole, vegetable pole. 
Ve'hicle (veho, to carry). Anything which serves 
to carry; thus, air is the vehicle of sound, the ar- 
teries are the vehicles of the blood, etc. In pharmacy 
a vehicle is an excipient, or substance serving as the 
medium of administration for medicine. 
Veiled puff. See Cavernous respiration. 
1143 
VEIN 
Vein. The veins are vessels for the conveyance of 
blood from every part of the body to the heart. They 
are found wherever there are arteries, and altogether 
form the venous system, which may be subdivided 
into two distinct secondary systems : 1. The General 
venous system, which commences in all the organs by 
very minute radicles, and terminates in the heart by 
the cava and coronary vein. 2. The Abdominal venous 
system, which is limited to the abdominal cavity; 
commences, also, by a great number of branches, and 
terminates in the liver by a single trunk, wrhich sub- 
divides in that organ. It is called also the system of 
the vena porta or the portal system. See Porta. The 
veins form two sets-one deep-seated, venae satellites 
or comites or concomites, which accompany the ar- 
teries ; the other, superficial or subcutaneous. Their 
parietes, which are thinner than those of the arteries, 
are composed of three coats: the outermost, of areolar 
tissue interw'oven with elastic fibres or a muscular 
stratum in the larger veins; the middle coat, elastic, 
with muscular fibres, the proper membrane; the other, 
the common or inner membrane, which is thin, pol- 
ished, and has numerous duplicatures or folds form- 
ing parabolic valves, which are most numerous in 
the veins of the lower extremities. The coats of 
the veins are supplied with small arteries or vasa 
vasorum, veins, and lymphatics. The nervous fila- 
ments-vasomotor-are from the great sympathetic 
nervous system. 
Table of Veins. 
1. VEINS WHICH FORM THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA. 
1. Basilic, formed of the 
1. Axillary 
1. Posterior ulnar. 
2. Anterior ulnar. 
3. Median basilic. 
2. Cephalic, forming the 
3. Circumflex veins. 
4. Inferior scapular. 
5. Long thoracic. 
6. Superior thoracic. 
7. Acromial veins. 
1. Superficial radial. 
2. Median cephalic. 
' 1. Pterygoid. 
2. Sphenopalatine. 
3. Alveolar. 
4. Infra-orbitar. 
5. Mental. 
6. Inferior dental. 
7. Deep temporal. 
2. External Jugular. 
1. Internal maxillary, 
composed of the 
1. Middle temporal. 
2. Anterior auriculars. 
| 3. Transverse of the face. 
1. Subclavians, which receive the 
3. Posterior auricular. The trunk then takes the 
name of external jugular, and in its course 
along the neck receives- 
4. Cervical cutaneous. 
5. Tracheloscapular, etc. 
1. Superior cerebral veins. 
2. Veins of the corpus striatum. 
3. Veins of the choroid plexus. 
4. Superior cerebellar veins. 
5. Inferior cerebellar veins. 
6. Lateral and inferior cerebral veins. 
2. Superficial temporal, 
composed of the 
1. Lacrymal. 
2. Central of the retina. 
3. Infra-orbitar. 
4. Ciliary. 
5. Ethmoidal. 
6. Palpebral, and 
7. Nasal veins. 
3. Internal Jugular. 
7. Ophthalmic vein, 
composed of the 
1. Palpebral, and 
2. Superciliary veins. 
3. Dorsals of the nose. 
4. Superior 1 Coronaries 
5. Inferior J of the lip. 
6. Several buccal, and 
7. Masseteric veins. 
8. Ranine. 
9. Submental, and 
10. Inferior palatine. 
8. Facial vein, called an- 
gular, near the eye, 
receiving the 
9. Lingual and pharyngeal veins. 
10. Superior thyroid.' 
11. Occipital, and 
. 12. Veins of the diploe. 
2. Right internal mammary vein. 
3. Inferior thyroid vein, opening into the vena cava, between 
the two subclavians. 
4. Vena azygos, which receives the- 
1. Right bronchial. 
2. Intercostal veins. 
k3. Semi-azygos. VEIN 
the foetus and the Wolffian bodies. V., ca'va, infe'- 
rior, see Cava vena. V., c., supe'rior, see Cava vena. 
N., cephalic, vein passing along outer border of 
biceps muscle, terminating in the axillary vein; see 
Cephalic veins. V., cerebellar, veins occupying the 
surface of the cerebellum; they are superior, inferior, 
and lateral. V., cer'ebral, veins with thin coats 
occupying the surface and interior of the cerebrum. 
V., cer'vical, ascending, anterior vertebral vein, 
opening into the vertebral vein. V., c., deep, poste- 
rior vertebral vein, accompanying the profunda cer- 
vicis artery. V., cho'roid, of brain, vein running 
along outer border of the choroid plexus, uniting to 
form the vein of the corpus striatum. V., cir'cum- 
flex iliac, tributary of the external iliac vein. V., 
c. superficial, tributary of the internal saphenous 
vein at the saphenous opening. V., con'dyloid, pos- 
te'rior, tributary to vertebral vein through the pos- 
terior condyloid foramen. V., cor'onary, see Cardiac 
veins. N. of cor'pora caverno'sa, veins on upper sur- 
face of corpora cavernosa joining the dorsal vein. 
V. of cor'pus spongio'sum, veins from corpus spon- 
giosum to dorsal vein of the penis. V. of cor'pus 
stria'tum, a cerebral vein uniting with the choroid 
to form one of the venre Galeni. V., cys'tic, a tribu- 
tary vein of the vena portae. V., deep, or ve'nae 
comites, companion veins to the arteries. V., demi- 
az'ygous, see Azygous. V., denial, infe'rior, tribu- 
tary of the internal maxillary vein. V., digital, of 
the hand, two digital veins accompanying each corre- 
sponding artery. V. of diploe, large veins in the in- 
terior of the diploe of the cranial bones. V., diplo- 
et'ic, see Diploic. V., dorsalis na'si, small veins from 
dorsum of nose terminating in the nasal arch. V., 
d. pe'dis, venae comites of the dorsalis pedis artery. 
V., dorsispi'nal, veins placed on the exterior of the 
spinal column. V., d., of pe'nis, large vein which 
returns the blood from the body of that organ, finally 
entering the prostatic plexus. V., epigaslric, a 
tributary vein of the external iliac. V., e., super- 
ficial, a tributary of the femoral vein, entering it at 
the saphenous opening. V. of eye'ball, formed 
mainly by branches from the surface of the choroid 
and ending in the ophthalmic vein. V., fa'cial, the 
direct continuation of the angular vein on the outer 
side of the facial artery; see Facial vein. V., fem'- 
oral, continuation of the popliteal vein, accompany- 
ing the femoral artery. V., fron'tal, vein running 
downward near the middle line of the forehead, 
forming with its fellow of the opposite side, at the 
root of the nose, the nasal arch. V. of Galen, two 
veins formed by the union of two other veins, the 
vena corporis striati and the choroid vein, on either 
side. V., gas'tric, two veins, one corresponding to 
the pyloric branch of the hepatic artery; the other, 
larger, to the gastric artery. V., gas'tro-epiplolc, 
two veins, the right being a tributary of the superior 
mesenteric vein, the left a tributary of the splenic 
vein. V., glute'al, one of the veins supplying blood 
from the exterior of the pelvis to the internal iliac 
vein. V., hemorrhoi'dal, three veins, the supe- 
rior being a tributary of the inferior mesenteric, and 
uniting with the middle and inferior hemorrhoidal, 
which terminate in the internal iliac, to form the 
hemorrhoidal plexus. V., hepatic, three large veins, 
commencing in the substance of the liver and open- 
ing into the inferior vena cava; see Hepatic veins. 
V., iliac, com'mon, veins formed by the union of the 
external and internal iliac veins in front of the sacro- 
iliac articulation, uniting to form the inferior vena 
cava. V., i., exter'nal, commences at the termina- 
tion of the femoral vein, beneath the crural arch, 
uniting with the internal iliac to form the common 
iliac. V., i., inter'nal, formed by the vense comites 
of the branches of the internal iliac artery, the um- 
bilical arteries excepted; see V., iliac, external. V., 
il'io-lum'bar, tributary to the common iliac vein. 
V., infe'rior ca'va, see Vena cava inferior. V., innom'- 
inate, two large trunks on each side of the root of 
the neck, formed by the union of the internal jugular 
and subclavian veins of the corresponding side ; see 
2. VEINS WHICH FORM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA. 
VEIN 
1144 
' 1. Femoral or 
crural, which 
is a continu- 
ation of the 
2. Popliteal, 
commencing 
by 3. Veins 
which ac- 
company the 
fibular arte- 
ries, and re- 
ceiving the- 
1. External 
iliacs, form- 
ed by the- 
1. Several 
abdominal 
veins. 
2. Circum- 
flex iliac, 
and 
3. External 
pudic veins. 
1. External 
saphena 
and 
2. Internal 
saphena, 
which re- 
ceive- 
1. Common Iliacs. 
2. Internal ili- 
•> acs, which re- 
ceive the- 
1. Vesical veins, 
commencing 
with the- 
2. Sacrolateral 
veins. 
1. Dorsal veins of 
the penis in the 
male. 
2. Veins of the clit- 
oris in the fe- 
male. 
3. Middle sacral vein. 
4. Lumbar veins-four in 
number on each side,- 
commencing by - 
5. Spermatic veins, 
commencing with' 
1. Spermatic plexus in the male. 
2. Veins of the ovarium, Fallo- 
pian tube, etc. in the female. 
1. An abdominal branch. 
2. A dorsal branch. 
6. Renal veins. 
7. Capsular and adipose veins. 
8. Hepatic veins. 
9. Middle, 
10. Left, and 
11. Right 
12. Inferior diaphragmatic veins, two in number. 
hepatic veins. 
1. Great right coronary. 
2. Small right coronary. 
3. Left coronary veins. 
3. VEINS OF THE HEART. 
4. VEINS WHICH FORM THE VENA PORTA. 
1. Veins which correspond to the vasa 
b re via. 
2. Right and left gastro-epiploic. 
3. Duodenal, and 
4. Pancreatic veins. 
5. Coronary vein of the stomach, and 
6. Small mesenteric vein. 
1. Splenic vein. 
2. Superior mesenteric vein. 
Vein of al'ae na'si. Tributary of the angular vein. 
V., an'gular, formed by junction of supraorbital and 
frontal veins. V., artic'ular, of knee, branch of the 
popliteal vein. V., auditory, veins of the vestibule 
and semicircular canals. V., auric'ular ante'rior, 
tributary of the temporal vein from the external ear; 
see Auricular vein. "V., a. posterior, vein descending 
behind the external ear and joining the temporo- 
maxillary vein; see Auricular vein. V., ax'illary, 
large vein formed by junction of the venae comites 
of the brachial artery with the basilic vein; see 
Axillctry vein. V., az'ygos, left lower, vein com- 
mencing by branch of ascending lumbar or left renal 
vein, terminating in right azygos vein; see Azygous. 
V., a., left upper, vein receiving tributaries from the 
intercostal spaces; see Azygous. V., a., right, veins 
arising from right lumbar veins, right renal vein, or 
inferior vena cava, and terminating in superior vena 
cava; see Azygous. V., basilic, vein formed by co- 
alescence of the common ulnar vein with the median 
basilic ; see Basilic vein. V., basiver'tebral, veins 
belonging to the body of the vertebrae. V. of bone, 
veins connected with the nutrition of the long and 
flat bones, running in tortuous canals in the diploic 
tissue of flat bones. V., bra'chial, veins uniting 
with the basilic to form the axillary vein; see Brachial 
veins. V., brachiocephalic, see Innominate vein. 
"V. of Breschet, see Diploic. V., bron'chial, veins 
returning blood from the substance of the lungs: the 
right opens into the vena azygos major, the left into the 
upper azygos vein. V., buc'cal, branch of the internal 
maxillary vein. V., car'diac, veins which return the 
blood from the substance of the heart; see Cardiac. 
V., c., ante'rior, three or four small veins collecting 
blood from anterior surface of right ventricle. V., 
c., great, large vessel commencing at apex of heart 
and opening into the coronary sinus. V., c., poste'- 
rior, three ot four small vessels collecting blood from 
posterior surface of left ventricle. V., car'dinal, 
ascending veins from the parietes of the trunk of VEIN 
Innominate. N., intercostal, supe'rior, the right is 
a tributary of the right innominate vein ; the left, of 
the left innominate vein; see Intercostal veins. N., 
interlob'ular, of kid'ney, veins passing inward be- 
tween the pyramids of Ferrein, joining the venae rectae 
to form the proper renal veins. V., i., of liver, see Lirer. 
V., interos'seous, of fore'arm, veins accompanying 
the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries. V., 
intralob'ular, of liv'er, see Hepatic veins. V., ju'gu- 
lar, ante'rior, one, sometimes two, commencing near 
the hyoid bone and opening into the termination of 
the external jugular or into the subclavian vein ; see 
Jugular veins. V., j., exter'nal, formed by the junc- 
tion of the posterior division of the temporo-maxil- 
lary and posterior auricular veins, receiving the 
greater part of the blood from the exterior of the 
cranium and deep parts of the face, and terminating in 
the subclavian vein; see Jugular veins. V., j., e. 
posterior, superficial vein of the neck, opening into 
the external jugular; see Jugular veins. V., j., inter'- 
nal, formed by coalescence of the lateral and inferior 
petrosal sinuses, collecting the blood from the interior 
of the cranium and superficial parts of the face and 
neck, and uniting with the subclavian vein to form 
the vena innominata; see Jugular veins. V. of kid'- 
ney, see Kidney. V., la'bial, infe'rior, tributary of 
the facial vein; see Labial veins. V., 1., supe'rior, 
tributary of the facial vein; see Labial veins. V., 
larynge'al, a branch of the inferior thyroid; see 
Laryngeal veins. V., lat'eral sac'ral, tributary of 
the common iliac. V., lin'gual, veins on the tongue 
accompanying the lingual artery. V. of liv'er, see 
Liver. V., longitu'dinal, infe'rior, the inferior longi- 
tudinal sinus, terminating in the straight sinus. V., 
lum'bar, these are three or four in number on each 
side, collecting blood from the loins and abdominal 
walls, and terminating at the back part of the infe- 
rior vena cava. V., 1., ascend'ing, a longitudinal 
vessel passing in front of the transverse processes of 
the lumbar vertebrae and communicating with each 
lumbar vein. V., mam'mary, inter'nal, see Mam- 
maryveins. V., masseter'ic, see Masseteric-uein. V., 
mas'toid, a tributary of the occipital vein. V., max'- 
illary, inter'nal, large vein receiving branches cor- 
responding with those of the artery of the same 
name, uniting with the temporal vein to form the 
temporo-maxillary. V., me'dian basil'ic, see 
Basilic. V., m. cephal'ic, see Cephalic. V., me- 
dullispi'nal, veins of the spinal cord. V., men- 
Inge'al, tributaries of the internal maxillary vein. 
V., meningorhachid'ian, veins situate in the interior 
of the spinal canal between the vertebrae and the 
theca vertebralis. V., mesenter'ic, infe'rior, see 
Mesenteric. V., m., supe'rior, see Mesenteric. V., 
na'sal, transverse trunk connecting the frontal veins 
of each side. V., oblique, remnant of obliterated 
left innominate vein of the foetus. V., ob'turator, 
see Obturator. V., occip'ital, see Occipital. V., 
oesophage'al, a tributary of the inferior thyroid. 
V., ophthal'mic, see Ophthalmic. V., ova'rian, ana- 
logues of the spermatic veins in the male, forming a 
plexus communicating with the uterine plexus; see 
Spermatic veins. V., pal'atine, infe'rior, a tributary 
of the facial vein. V., palatola'bial, facial vein. V., 
pal'mar, deep, veins accompanying the deep palmar 
arch; see Palmar arches. V., pal'pebral, infe'rior, 
a tributary of the facial vein. V., p., supe'rior, a 
tributary of the angular vein. V., pancreat'ic, 
branches from the pancreas to the splenic vein. ' V., 
pancreat'ico-duode'nal, a tributary of the splenic 
vein. V., parot'id, a tributary of the temporal vein 
in the parotid region. V., perone'al, veins accom- 
panying the peroneal artery. V., peroneomalle'olar, 
saphena minor. V., pharynge'al, commencing in the 
pharyngeal plexus, terminates in the internal jugular. 
V., phren'ic, these veins follow the course of the 
phrenic arteries. V., plan'tar, the external and in- 
ternal plantar veins unite to form the posterior tibial. 
They accompany the posterior tibial artery. V., 
poplite'al, formed by junction of the venae comites 
of the anterior and posterior tibial vessels, and be- 
1145 
VEIN 
coming the femoral vein. V., por'tal, see Porta vena. 
V., profun'da fem'oris, branch of the femoral vein 
near its termination. V., pter'ygoid plex'us, a large 
plexus formed by branches of the internal maxillary 
vein. V., pu'dic, exter'nal, a tributary of the fem- 
oral vein, entering it at the saphenous opening. V., 
p., inter'nal, a tributary of the internal iliac vein. 
V., pul'monary, see Pulmonary. V., ra'dial, com- 
mencing by various tributaries and communicating 
veins, it passes along the radial side of the forearm 
as a large vessel, uniting at the elbow with the me- 
dian cephalic to form the cephalic. V., ran'ine, a 
tributary of the facial vein, and sometimes of the 
lingual. V., re'nal, see Vein and Kidney. V., sac'- 
ral, lat'eral, branches of the common iliac. V., s., 
mid'dle, veins accompanying artery of same name 
and terminating in the left common iliac vein. V., 
salvatel'la, see Salvatella. V., saphe'nous, exter- 
nal or short, see Saphena. V., s., inter'nal or long, 
see Saphena. V., sciat'ic, one of the important veins 
that supply blood from the exterior of the pelvis to 
the internal iliac vein. V., semiaz'ygous, see Azy- 
gous. V., spermat'ic, see Spermatic veins. V., sphe- 
nopal'atine, a tributary of the pharyngeal vein. 
V., spi'nal, a generic term for the numerous venous 
plexuses situate upon and within the spine, including 
those on the exterior, the dorsispinal veins; those in 
the interior of the spinal canal, meningorhachidian 
Veins; the veins of the body of the vertebrae, venae 
vasis vertebrarum ; and the veins of the spinal cord, 
medulli spinal veins. V., splen'ic, see Splenic. V., 
stylomas'toid, a branch of the posterior auricular 
vein. V., subcla'vian, see Subclavian. V., sublob'- 
ular, veins of the liver in which the intralobular 
veins terminate. By their union the sublobular 
veins form the hepatic veins. V., submax'illary, a 
branch of the facial vein commencing in the sub- 
maxillary gland. V., submen'tal, a branch of the 
facial vein below the jaw. V., superficial, subcu- 
taneous veins between the layers of the superficial 
fascia. V., supe'rior intercos'tal, left, see Azygous. 
V., suprahepat'ic, hepatic veins. V., supra-orb'ltal, 
commencing on the forehead, it joins the frontal to 
form the angular vein. V., suprare'nal, a branch 
of the inferior vena cava on the right side, and on 
the left side terminating in the left renal or phrenic 
vein. V., suprascap'ular, a tributary of the exter- 
nal jugular near its termination. V., su'ral, veins 
from the gastrocnemius muscle to the popliteal vein. 
V., system'ic, veins which return the venous blood 
from almost all parts of the body to the right auricle 
of the heart; see Vein. V., tem'poral, vein com- 
mencing by a small plexus on the side and vertex of 
the skull; after being joined by the middle tempo- 
ral it enters the parotid gland and unites with the 
internal maxillary to form the temporomaxillary. 
V., temporomax'illary, formed as just stated, di- 
viding into two branches. V., thy'roid, infe'rior, 
see Thyroideal. V., t., mid'dle, returns the blood 
from the lower portion of the lateral lobe of the thy- 
roid gland and terminates in the internal jugular. 
V., t., supe'rior, see Thyroideal. V., tib'ial, ante'- 
rior, formed by venae comites of the dorsalis pedis 
artery, and uniting with the posterior tibial to form 
the popliteal vein. V., t., poste'rior, veins com- 
municating with the internal saphenous vein in the 
leg; see V, anterior tibial. V., tlbiomalle'olar, saphena, 
great. V., trans'verse cer'vical, a tributary of the 
external jugular near its termination. V., t. fa'cial, 
a large vein, tributary to the temporal vein, from the 
side of the face. V., ul'nar, ante'rior, ascends along 
the inner side of the forearm, uniting at the bend of 
the elbow with the posterior ulnar to form the com- 
mon ulnar vein. V., u., deep, vein from the ulnar 
side of the hand, uniting at the elbow with the deep 
radial veins to form the venae comites of the brachial 
artery. V., u., poste'rior, vein chiefly from the 
ulnar side of the hand, passing along the posterior 
surface of the ulnar side of the forearm, uniting 
below the elbow with the anterior ulnar to form the 
common ulnar or with the median basilic to form the VEINSTONE 
basilic. V., umbil'ical, see Umbilical vessels and Foetal 
circulation. N., vagi'nal, of liver, veins correspond- 
ing with the vaginal branches of the hepatic artery. 
V., var'icose, varix. V., va'sa bre'via, see Brevia. 
V., ver'tebral, vein accompanying vertebral artery, 
terminating at the root of the neck in the innomi- 
nate vein. V., Vid'ian, a tributary to the pharyngeal 
vein. 
Vein'stone. Phlebolite. 
Velamen (vel-ah'men) nati/vum (native covering). 
Integument. V. vul'vse, see Ventrale cutaneum. 
Velamenta (pl. of Velamentum, covering) bom- 
bycina, vel-ah-men'tah bom-bis'in-ah. Villous mem- 
branes. V. cerebra'lia, meninges. V. infan'tis, 
membranes of the foetus. 
Velamentous, vel-ah-men'tus. Resembling a veil. 
Velamentum abdominale, vel-ah-men'tum ab-dom- 
in-al'e (abdominal covering). Peritoneum. V. cor'- 
poris commu'ne, integument. V. lin'guse, glosso- 
epiglottic ligament. V. nati'vum, integument. 
Veldt sore. See Boil, Natal. 
Vellarina, vel-lah-re'nah (vellarai, native name of 
this E. Indian plant). Pale yellow oil from the Hy- 
drocotyle Asiatica. It has a reputation in the treat- 
ment of leprous affections. 
Vellarine, vel'lar-een. Vellarina. 
Vellication, vel-le-ka'shun (vellico, to twitch). 
Twitching of muscles, as in tic. 
Velosynthesis, vel-o-sin'thes-is (velum, sunthesis, 
putting together). Staphylorrhaphy. 
Velpeau's band'age. See Bandage. V's her'nia, 
crural hernia anterior to the blood-vessels. 
Ve'lum (veil or cover). Velum pendulum palati. 
V. apoph'ysi vermifor'mi obten'tum, valvula Vieus- 
senii. V. interjec'tum cerebel'li, valvula Vieussenii. 
V. interpos'itum, a vascular membrane reflected from 
the pia mater into the interior of the brain through 
the transverse fissure. It separates the under sur- 
face of the body of the fornix from the cavity of the 
third ventricle. V. medulla're anti'cum, valvula 
Vieussenii. V. medulla're infe'rius, the medullary 
band or strip by which the cerebellum communicates 
with the medulla. V. medulla're poste'rius or pos- 
ti'cus or semilu'nare, the small posterior valve of 
the cerebellum, a thin medullary plate between the 
medulla oblongata and vermis inferior, in front of 
the nodulus. V. pala'ti or palati'num, velum 
pendulum palati. V. pen'dulum pala'ti, pendulous 
veil of the palate, Soft palate, a movable, soft, and 
broad septum attached to the posterior extremity of 
the palatine arch, and separating the mouth from the 
pharynx. Its form is nearly quadrilateral. Its an- 
terior surface corresponds to the mouth, the posterior 
to the pharynx. Its superior edge is fixed to the 
palatine arch; the inferior is free, floating, and has 
an appendix at its middle-the uvula. The lateral 
margins of the velum are held down by two folds, 
the pillars, separated from each other by a triangular 
space; the anterior passes to the base of the tongue, 
the posterior to the sides of the pharynx. The velum 
palati is formed of a mucous coat which contains 
numerous follicles, and of a muscular stratum. V. 
plex'ibus choroi'deis interpos'itum, velum inter- 
positum. V. pupil'lse, pupillary membrane. V. 
staphyli'num, velum pendulum palati. V. Tari'ni, 
velum medullare posterius. V. triangula're, tela 
choroidea superior. V. vesi'cae urina'rise, trigonum 
of bladder. V. Vieusse'nii, valvula Vieussenii. 
Vel'vet leaf. Abutilon avicennte; pareira. 
Vena, ve'nah. Vein; penis. V. accesso'ria, left 
upper azygos vein. V. al'ba re'num, ureter. V. 
al'ba thora'cis, thoracic duct. V. anastomot'ica 
mag'na, anastomotic vein of Trolard. V. angula'- 
ris, angular vein. V. an'guli o'ris, branch to facial 
vein from angle of mouth. V. anon'yma brachio- 
cephal'ica, innominate vein. V. anon'yma ili'aca, 
common iliac vein. V. ante'rior cer'ebri, anasto- 
motic vein of Trolard. V. apoplec'tica, internal 
jugular vein. V. aquaeduc'tus coch'lese or a. ves- 
tib'uli, auditory veins. V. arterio'sa, pulmonary 
artery; vena porta. V. ascen'dens, basilar vein. V. 
1146 
VENA 
axilla'ris, axillary vein. V. az'ygos, right azygos 
vein. V. a. accesso'ria, left upper azygos vein. V. 
a. cerebel'li posterior, vein on inferior vermiform 
process. V. a. cona'rii, small vein passing from 
region of pineal gland to empty into internal cerebral 
vein. V. a. lumba'ris, ascending lumbar vein. V. 
a. mag'na or ma'jor, right azygos vein. V. a. mi'nor 
or jpar'va or sinis'tra, left lower azygos vein. V. 
basila'ris, basilar vein. V. basil'ica, basilic vein. 
V. b. antibra'chii, superficial ulnar vein. V. capi- 
ta'lis bra'chii, main venous trunk of arm in the 
foetus. V. cap'itis, cephalic vein. V. caro'tis ex- 
ter'na, temporomaxillary vein. V. car'pea commu'- 
nicans dorsa'lis, anastomotic branch between deep 
veins of back of hand and vein of fourth metacarpal 
space. V. ca'va, see Cava. V. c. abdomina'lis or 
ascen'dens, vena cava inferior. V. c. descen'dens, 
vena cava superior. V. c. infe'rior, see Cava vena. 
V. c. supe'rior sinis'tra, vessel in the foetus corre- 
sponding to the right descending vena cava. V. c. 
thorac'ica, superior vena cava. V. centra'lis, trunk 
into which the minute veins of the suprarenal cap- 
sule empty. V. centra'lis ret'inee, vein receiving 
blood from the retina, passing from the eyeball 
through the centre of the optic disk, and emptying 
into the cavernous or ophthalmic vein. V. cephal'- 
ica, cephalic vein. V. c. ante'rior, common facial 
vein. V. c. antibra'chii, superficial radial vein. V. 
c. ascen'dens, the cephalic vein in the foetus. V. c. 
commu'nis, common jugular vein. V. c. descen'- 
dens, a branch in foetal life passing over the clavicle 
to unite with the cephalic vein. V. c. exter'na, 
common facial vein. V. c. hu'meri, cephalic vein. 
V. c. inter'na, internal jugular vein. V. c. pol'li- 
cis, vein from thumb and index finger and back of 
hand, emptying into radial vein. V. c. poste'rior, 
internal jugular vein. V. cerebra'lis infe'rior an- 
te'rior, basilar vein. V. cer'ebri ascen'dens, basilar 
vein. V. c. inter'na commu'nis, vena magna Galeni. 
V. c. inter'na ma'jor, vein of Galen. V. c. mag'na, 
vena magna Galeni. V. c. me'dia, vena fossse Sylvii. 
V. c. poste'rior infe'rior, branch to veins of Galen 
from posterior part of the hemispheres. V. cervica'- 
lis profun'da, deep cervical vein. V. c. superficia'- 
lis, posterior external jugular vein. V. choroi'dea, 
choroid vein. V. col'ica sinis'tra, inferior mesen- 
teric vein. V. com'itans hypoglos'si, sublingual 
vein. V. commu'nicans cephal'ica pol'licis, an anas- 
tomotic branch between the vena cephalica pollicis 
and deep palmar venous arch. V. c. mag'na, anas- 
tomotic vein of Trolard. V. c. obturato'ria, branch 
from dorsal vein of penis to obturator vein. V. c. 
ulna'ris, anastomotic branch between superficial 
ulnar vein and deep palmar venous arch. V. cona'- 
rii, branch from pineal gland to veins of Galen. V. 
cor'dls Gale'ni, middle cardiac vein. V. cor'nu, vein 
from pudendal plexus, emptying into internal iliac. 
V. corona'ria cor'dis mi'nor or poste'rior, middle 
cardiac vein. V. c. u'teri, trunk formed upon the preg- 
nant uterus by enlarged branches of uterine and vagi- 
nal plexuses. V. c. ventric'uli infe'rior, vena gastro- 
epiploica dextra. V. cor'ports stria'ti, one of two 
veins forming the ven® Galeni or deep cerebral veins. 
V. costa'lis supre'ma, superior intercostal vein. V. 
cubita'lis cuta'nea, basilic vein. V. cu'biti inte'- 
rior, basilic vein. V. cuta'nea cervi'cis mag'na, 
posterior external jugular vein. V. c. col'li ante'- 
rior, anterior jugular vein. V. c. col'li infe'rior, 
arcus venosus juguli. V. c. col'li ma'jor or poste'- 
rior, external jugular vein. V. c. exter'na, cephalic 
vein; radial vein. V. c. fron'tis mag'na, frontal 
veins. V. c. inter'na, superficial ulnar vein. V. c. 
inter'na bra'chii, basilic vein. V. c. media'na, 
median vein. V. c. radia'lis, radial vein. V. c. 
radia'lis bra'chii. cephalic vein. V. c. ulna'ris, 
ulnar vein. V. c. ulna'ris bra'chii, basilic vein. V. 
demi-az'ygos, see Azygos. V. diploet'ica, see Diploic. 
V. epigas'trica infe'rior tegumento'sa, subcutaneous 
vein from umbilical and hypogastric regions, empty- 
ing into femoral vein. V. facia'lis ante'rior, facial 
vein. V. f. commu'nis, common facial vein. V. f. VENA 
cuta'nea commu'nis, facial vein. V. f. exter'na, 
temporomaxillary vein. V. f. inter'na, facial vein. 
V. f. posterior, temporomaxillary vein. V. falci- 
for'mis, inferior longitudinal sinus. V. fal'cis cer'- 
ebri, sinus longitudinalis. inferior. V. fos'sse Syl'- 
vii, vein from anterior perforated space, emptying 
into anterior end of cavernous sinus. V. Gale'ni, 
see Cardiac veins and Choroidese venae. V. gastro- 
liena'lis, splenic vein. V. hemiaz'ygos, left lower 
azygos vein; see Azygos. V. hemiaz'ygos accesso'- 
ria, left upper azygos vein. V. hepat'ica, right 
basilic vein. V. hypogas'trica, internal iliac vein. 
V. ili'aca primiti'va, common iliac vein. V. il'io- 
lumba'lis, vein with similar distribution to ilio- 
lumbar artery, emptying into internal iliac vein. 
V. intercosta'lis supre'ma, superior intercostal 
vein. V. inter'na, vertebral vein. V. interven- 
tricula'ris posti'ca, middle cardiac vein. V. jugu- 
la'ris ante'rior exter'na, anterior jugular vein. V. 
j. ante'rior horizonta'lis, arcus venosus juguli. V. 
j. cephal'ica, internal jugular vein. V. j. cere- 
bra'lis, internal jugular vein. V. j. exter'na ante'- 
rior, arcus venosus juguli. V. j. exter'na poste'rior, 
external jugular vein. V. j. transversa'lis ante'- 
rior, arcus venosus juguli. V. labia'lis me'dia, vena 
anguli oris. V. lac'tea, porta vena. V. latera'lis, 
vertebral vein. V. liena'lis, splenic vein. V. lumba'- 
ris ascen'dens or lum'bo-costa'lis, ascending lumbar 
vein. V. macula'ris, vein of retina from macula 
lutea, emptying into vena centralis retinae. V. mag'- 
na, porta vena. V. mag'na cor'dis, coronary vein of 
heart. V. m. Gale'ni, see Galen, veins of. V. maxil- 
la'ris inter'na ante'rior, deep facial vein. V. m. 
inter'na poste'rior, internal maxillary vein. V. 
media'na, vein or veins from medial side of retina, 
emptying into vena centralis retinae. V. m. antibra'- 
chia, median vein. V. m. basil'ica, median basilic 
vein. V. m. cephal'ica, median cephalic vein. V. 
m. col'li, anterior jugular vein. V. m. commu'nis, 
median vein. V. m. xiphoi'dea tegumento'sa, sub- 
cutaneous vein from umbilical region to vena trans- 
versa xiphoidea. V. medi'na Ar'abum or medinen'- 
sis, dracunculus. V. mesenter'ica mag'na, superior 
mesenteric vein. V. m. mi'nor or par'va, inferior 
mesenteric vein. V. metacar'pea ulna'ris, vein 
from venae intercapitulares along radial border of 
hand. V. nasa'lis, branch from nasal side of retina, 
emptying into vena papillaris inferior. V. n. supe'- 
rior, branch from nasal side of retina, emptying into 
vena papillaris superior, V. ner'vi hypoglos'si, sub- 
lingual vein. V. obll'qua auricula'ris, oblique vein 
of heart. V. ophthal'mica cerebra'lis, superior 
ophthalmic vein. V. o. exter'na or facia'lis, inferior 
ophthalmic vein. V. o. inter'na, internal ophthalmic 
vein. V. ophthalmomeninge'a, vein from vicinity 
of fissure of Sylvius to sphenoparietal sinus or oph- 
thalmic vein. V. ostia'ria, vena porta. V. papilla'- 
ris, branch or branches to vena centralis retinae from 
optic disk. V. pa'ri ca'rens, azygos vein. V. parum- 
bilica'lis xiphoi'dea, anastomotic branch from greater 
parumbilical vein to left superior epigastric vein. V. 
petro'sa infe'rior, inner portion of inferior petrosal 
sinus. V. por'ta, por'tae, porta'lis, porta'rum, or 
ad por'tas, portal vein. V. poste'rior at'rii sinis'tri, 
oblique vein of heart. V. prsepara'ta, frontal vein. 
V. profun'da, vertebral vein. V. puden'do-glutse'a, 
vein from pudendal plexus, receiving sciatic and glu- 
teal veins and emptying into internal iliac. V. pul- 
mona'lis dex'tra me'dia, supplementary pulmonary 
artery sometimes observed. V. rama'lis, vena porta. 
V. 'rani'na, sublingual vein. V. reflex'a, vein of 
corpus striatum. V. Rosenthal'ii, basilar vein. V. 
salvatel'la, annular vein; vein of little finger over 
fourth metacarpal space. V. saphe'na mag'na, long 
saphenous vein. V. sem'ino-uretrosacra'lis, from 
pudendal plexus, emptying into internal iliac. V. 
si'ne com'ite or si'ne pa're, azygos vein. V. splen'- 
ica, left basilic vein; splenic vein. V. stelechise'a, 
vena porta. V. subala'ris, vena axillaris. V. sub- 
cuta'nea col'li ante'rior, anterior jugular vein. V. 
s. c. poste'rior, posterior external jugular vein. V. 
1147 
VENA 
sul'ci centra'lis, posterior superior cerebral vein in 
the central sulcus. V. superficia'lis col'li ante'rior, 
anterior jugular vein. V. tempora'lis commu'nis, 
temporo-maxillary vein. V. t. infe'rior, branch to 
vena papillaris inferior from temporal side of retina. 
V. termina'lis, vein of corpus striatum; circulus veno- 
sus. V. thorac'ico-epigas'trica lon'ga tegumento'sa, 
anastomotic vein from vena circumflexa ilii tegumen- 
tosa and long thoracic vein. V. thyroi'dea i'ma, in- 
ferior thyroid vein. V. thy'ro-larynge'a, superior 
thyroid vein. V. transver'sa xiphoi'dea, subcu- 
taneous vein connecting opposite internal mammary 
veins. V. vela'ta, vein of corpus striatum. V. ver- 
tebra'lis exter'na, deep cervical vein. V. v. e. an- 
te'rior, anterior vertebral vein. V. v. posterior, 
deep cervical vein. V. v. superficia'lis, deep cervi- 
cal vein. V. zygomat'ico-orbita'lis, orbital vein. 
Ven'ae (pl. of Vena). Veins. V. advehen'tes, 
small veins in the foetus carrying blood into the liver 
from the ductus venosus. V. a. capsula'res, branches 
to portal vein from capsule of liver. V. ala'res na'- 
rium, lateral nasal veins. V. anastomot'icae mag'- 
nae ca'vi cra'nii or cer'ebri, veins of the pia mater, 
forming communication between the superior longi- 
tudinal sinus and sinuses at base of brain: the ante- 
rior passing to the superior petrosal sinus; posterior, 
to the lateral sinus. V. anon'ymae, innominate veins. 
V. apoplec'ticae, jugular veins. V. atrabilia'riae, 
suprarenal veins. V. auditi'vae inter'nse, auditory 
veins. V. auricula'res, auricular veins. V. ba'sis 
vertebra'rum or basivertebra'les, veins in canals 
of the bodies of the vertebrae emptying into the 
meningorachidian veins. V. bul'bo-urethra'les, veins 
from bulb of urethra emptying into pudendal plexus. 
V. calca'neae, branches from region of heel emptying 
into posterior tibial veins. V. capsula'res, supra- 
renal veins. V. cauda'les, medial sacral vein. V. 
cav'ae hep'atis, hepatic veins. V. caverno'sae, veins 
from corpora cavernosa and spongiosa of penis, empty- 
ing into pudendal plexus. V. centra'les, intralobu- 
lar veins. V. cerebel'li, cerebellar veins. V. cer'- 
ebri inter'nae or profun'dae, veins of Galen. V. 
cilia'res posti'cae, venae vorticosae. V. circumflex'as 
il'ii tegumento'sae, veins accompanying external cir- 
cumflex iliac arteries, emptying into femoral or epi- 
gastric vein. V. circumfiex'ae pe'nis, veins from 
corpus cavernosum on under surface of penis, empty- 
ing into the dorsal vein. V. comitan'tes, small 
veins accompanying the femoral and popliteal arte- 
ries. V. com'ites or concom'ites, veins accompany- 
ing arteries; see Vein. V. cor'dis, cardiac veins. V. 
c. min'imae, veins of Thebesius. V. corona'riae 
cor'dis, coronary veins of heart. V. costa'les, inter- 
costal veins. V. diaphragmat'icae inferio'res, phrenic 
veins. V. diploet'icae or diplo'icae, diploic veins. V. 
dorsa'les na'si, nasal veins. V. d. pe'dis, first and 
fourth metacarpal veins of back of foot. V. emul- 
gen'tes, renal veins. V. Gale'ni, choroid veins. V. 
gas'tricae bre'ves, short branches from fundus of 
stomach, discharging into splenic vein. V. glandulo'- 
sae, submaxillary veins. V. hepat'icae advehen'tes, 
branches of omphalomesenteric vein to the liver. 
V. 11. revehen'tes, branches of omphalomesenteric 
vein from liver. V. inguina'les, veins from groin, 
emptying into internal saphenous vein. V. innomi- 
na'tae, innominate veins. V. intercapitula'res, anas- 
tomotic branches from palm of hand in the interdigi- 
tal spaces. V. interlobula'res, interlobular veins. 
V. intralobula'res, intralobular veins. V. lac'teae, 
chyliferous vessels. V. lumba'les transver'sae, lum- 
bar veins. V. lymphat'icse, lymphatic vessels. V. 
mag'nae spi'nae longitudina'les, meningorachidian 
veins. V. mamma'riae tegumento'sae, external mam- 
mary veins. V. medul'lae spina'lis, medullispinal 
veins. V. mesera'icae, mesenteric veins. V. mican'- 
tes, see Artery. V. min'imae cor'dis, see Foramina 
Thebesii. V. os'sium cra'nii, diploic veins. V. pin- 
na'les, lateral nasal veins. V. pulmona'res, pul- 
monary veins. V. pulsat'iles, see Artery. V. rec'tae, 
veins from papillae of kidney between the tubes to 
the venae renales. V. rena'les, renal veins. V. re- VEN/ESECTIO 
vehen'tes, venae hepatic® revehentes. V. satellites 
arteria'rum, ven® comites. V. sopora'les, jugular 
veins. V. spermat'ic®, spermatic veins. V. sphagit'- 
ides, jugular veins. V. spina'les exter'n® posterio'- 
res, dorsispinal veins. V. s. pro'pri®, medulli- 
spinal veins. V. stella't® or stellula't®, stellate 
veins. V. sublobula'res, sublobular veins. V. 
Thebe'sii, see Foramina Thebesii. V. thym'ic®, thy- 
mic veins. V. transver's® scap'ul®, suprascapular 
veins. V. ver'tebro-lumba'res, lumbar veins. V. 
Vieussen'ii, smallest cardiac veins. V. vortico's®, 
vasa vorticosa. 
Ven®sectio, ven-e-sek'she-o (vena, vein, seco, sectum, 
to cut). See Bloodletting. V. revulso'ria, see Blood- 
letting. 
Venal, ve'nal. Venous. 
Veneficium, ven-e-fish'e-um (venenum, poison, facio, 
to make). Poisoning. 
Venenation, ven-en-a'shun (venenum, poison). Poi- 
son ; poisoning; venom. 
Venenatus (veu-en-at'us) or Venenose, ven'en-oze. 
Venomous. 
Venenum, ven-a'num. Poison; venom. 
Venereal, ven-e're-al (Venus, the goddess of pleas- 
ure). That which relates to the pleasures of love. 
In a more restricted sense the word venereal-as well 
as aphroditic-is synonymous with syphilitic and also 
with syphilis. Also aphrodisiac, or adapted to excite 
venereal desire. See Syphilis. "V. disease, syphilis. 
V. wart, condyloma ; verruca. 
Venerivagus, ven-er-iv'ag-us (Venus, vago, to wan- 
der). Libidinous. 
Venery, ven'er-e (Venus). The pleasures of love; 
sexual communication; coition. 
Venesection, ven-e-sek'shun (vena, seco, to cut). 
See Bloodletting. 
Venice tur'pentine. See Pinus larix. 
Ven'om. Venenation. Poisonous fluid secreted by 
certain animals, as the viper, in a state of health, 
and which they preserve in a particular reservoir to 
use as a means of attack or defence. It differs, ac- 
cording to some, from virus, as the latter is always 
the result of a morbid process, which may be pro- 
duced by the individuals who receive it in their 
turn, and be transmitted to others. V., quick'ening, 
sperm. V., vital, sperm. 
Venomous, ven'om-us. Venenose. An epithet ap- 
plied to animals which have a secretion of venom, as 
the viper, rattlesnake, etc., as well as to the venom 
itself; and also to liquids in the animal body, so per- 
verted by previous disease that their contact occasions 
serious mischief in sound individuals, as happens in 
hydrophobia. Virus is more commonly used in this 
case. 
Venositas, ven-os'it-as (vena, vein). Venosity. V. 
san'guinis, predominance of the venous system. 
Venosity, ve-nos'it-e. Venousness, Venous state or 
cachexia. Condition in which, it has been supposed, 
the blood is moved slowly, is more venous, and the 
venous blood itself in greater quantity-a state chiefly 
observed in hemorrhoids, gout, hypochondriasis, etc. 
In general it signifies abundance of veins in a part; 
afflux of blood into the veins. 
Venous, ve'nus (vena, vein). Venal. Appertaining 
to a vein or to the blood of the veins, as venous 
cachexia, venous pulse, etc. V. cachex'ia, venosity. 
V. hum, bruit de diable. V. n®'vus, n®vus vascu- 
laris. V. pulsa'tion or pulse, pulsus venarum. V. 
state, venosity. V. sys'tem, see Vascular. V. sys'- 
tem, abdom'inal, porta vena. V. sys'tem of Ja'cob- 
son, a system of vessels in the three classes of verte- 
brated animals other than the mammalia, which 
forms a communication between the vena porta and 
the vena cava. 
Venousness, ve'nus-ness. Venosity. 
Venter, ven'tur. Abdomen, Belly, Uterus. In law, 
venter designates the maternal parentage of children. 
Thus, if A were B's child by his first wife, he would 
be described in law as " by the first renter." In anat- 
omy, broad surface of a muscle or a bone, as venter 
of the ilium. V. of il'ium, iliac fossa. V. i'mus 
1148 
VENTRICLES 
(lowest belly), abdomen, hypogastrium. V. infe'rius, 
abdomen. V. in'fimus, abdomen. V. of the kid'- 
ney, the pelvis of the kidney. V. mag'nus, inglu- 
vies. V. me'dius, thorax. V. mus'culi, see JfwscZe. 
V. par'vus, hypogastrium. V. propen'dens, anterior 
obliquity of the uterus. V. re'num, pelvis of the kid- 
ney. V. supre'mus, cavity of the cranium. 
Ventilation, ven-til-a'shun (ventilo, to fan, from 
ventus, wind). The act of renewing the air of ves- 
sels, hospitals, and apartments or of situations where 
many people are collected together. The utility of 
such renewal must be evident when it is considered 
that atmospheric air loses its oxygen during respira- 
tion, and carbonic acid supplies its place. Stagnant 
air also becomes loaded with numerous impurities, 
and where numbers are crowded together a large 
amount of zymotic or fermentable matter is exhaled 
from the lungs and taken in again during respiration. 
This is, indeed, a great cause of the mortality which 
occurs in camps and cities, and hence one of the 
greatest hygienic improvements of modern times has 
been a proper attention to circulation of air in hos- 
pitals and similar establishments. Instruments used 
for the purpose of renewing the air in ships, apart- 
ments, etc. have been called ventilators. 
Ventosity, ven-tos'it-e (ventus, wind). Flatulence. 
Ven'tral (venter, belly). Abdominal. V. her'nia, 
direct hernia occurring in any part of the abdomen, 
most frequently found between the recti muscles. 
When the hernia takes place below the xiphoid car- 
tilage it is called epigastric hernia; when in the 
loins, lumbar hernia. 
Ventrale, ven-tral'e (belly-band). Belt (Russian). 
V. cuta'neum, cutaneous apron. An elongation of 
the nymph® in the Bosjesman female, which hangs 
down before the vulva like an apron. 
Ventre inspiciendo (ven'tre in-spis-e-en'do), de. 
See De ventre inspiciendo. 
Ventricle, ven'trik'l (dim. of Venter, belly). Liter- 
ally, a little belly. A name given, in anatomy, to 
various parts. V. of Aran'tins, V. or Cavity of Aranzi. 
A small cavity, lined with gray substance, at the 
point of the calamus scriptorius. V. of cerebel'lum, 
see FentricZes of the brain. V. of cor'pus callo'sum, 
sulcus corporis callosi, the space intervening between 
the labium cerebri and corpus callosum. V., fifth, 
see Ventricles of the brain. V., fourth, see Ventricles 
of the brain. V., pul'monary, V., right. V. of the 
sep'tum, see Ventricles of the brain. V., Syl'vian, 
see Ventricles of the brain. V., third, see Ventricles 
of the brain. 
Ventricles of the brain. Five cavities in the inte- 
rior of that organ, which are distinguished as the 
lateral ventricles, middle ventricle, fourth ventricle 
or ventricle of the cerebellum, and fifth ventricle. 
The middle ventricle or third ventricle is situate in 
front of the pineal gland. It communicates with the 
lateral ventricles by two openings situate behind the 
anterior pillar or crus of the fornix. The lateral ven- 
tricles are two in number. They are large, and, owing 
to their considerable curvature, occupy a great part 
of the cerebral centre. Internally they are separated 
from each other by the septum of the ventricles-a 
medullary plate given off from the lower part of the 
corpus callosum. The lateral ventricles have, in 
their upper and anterior portion, the corpora striata, 
thalami optici, and taenia semicircularis; their infe- 
rior portion contains the corpus fimbriatum, cornu 
ammonis, etc. The fourth ventricle is situate beneath 
the aqueduct of Sylvius, by which it communicates 
with the third ventricle. It extends from this aque- 
duct to the upper part of the medulla, and is seated 
in the substance of the tuber annulare. The fifth 
ventricle, Ventricle of the septum, Sylvian ventricle, is 
the small serous cavity between the laminae of the 
septum lucidum; called, also, Sinus of the septum luci- 
dum, S. of the median septum. V. of the heart, these 
are two in number. The Right or Pulmonary Ventricle 
is situate at the fore part of the heart, the base and 
apex corresponding to those of the heart. In it are 
seen the column® carne® and chord® tendine®. The VENTRICOSE 
right ventricle communicates with the right auricle 
by the ostium venosum, and from it the pulmonary 
artery arises. Around the auricular orifice is a ten- 
dinous margin or ring from which the tricuspid valve 
is given off. The use of the ventricle is to send the 
blood, by its contraction, along the pulmonary artery 
to the lungs. The Left Ventricle is situate at the pos- 
terior and left part of the heart. Its parietes are 
thrice thicker and stronger than those of the right, 
owing to its having to send the blood over the whole 
system. The inner surface has the same general ap- 
pearance as that of the right. The column® carne® 
and chord® tendine® are, however, much stronger. 
It communicates with the left auricle by means of the 
mitral valve, and from it proceeds the largest blood- 
vessel of the body-the aorta. V. of the lar'ynx, 
Sinuses of the larynx; these are two depressions in the 
larynx, comprised between the superior and inferior 
ligaments. V., lat'eral, see Ventricles of the brain. V., 
left, see Ventricles of the heart. V., mid'dle, see Ven- 
tricles of the brain. V., pul'monary, see Ventricles of 
the heart. V., right, see Ventricles of the heart. 
Ventricose, ven'trik-ose. Abdominous. 
Ventricous, ven'trik-us. Ventricose. Bellied. 
Having a large belly. See Abdominous. 
Ventricular, ven-trik'u-lar. Relating to a ventricle. 
V. aq'ueduct, see Aquseductus Sylvii. N. band, chorda 
vocalis spuria. V. sep'tum, septum cordis; also sep- 
tum lucidum. 
Ventriculi (ven-trik'u-le) (pl. of Ventriculus) ante- 
rio'res. Ventricles, lateral. V. cer'ebri, ventricles 
of the brain. V. cor'dis, ventricles of the heart. V. 
dilata'tio, dilatation of the stomach. V. dissolu'tio, 
softening of the stomach. V. du'rse ma'tris, sinuses 
of the dura mater. V. emollit'io, softening of the 
stomach. V. exulcera'tio, ulceration of the stomach. 
V. flux'us, gastrorrhoea. V. inflamma'tio, gastritis. 
V. larynge'i, ventricles of the larnyx. V. latera'- 
les, see Ventricles, lateral, of the brain. V. mag'ni, 
ventricles, lateral, of the brain. V. majo'res, ven- 
tricles, lateral. V. metamorpho'sis gelatinifor'mis, 
softening of the stomach. V. Morgagn'ii, ventricles 
of the larynx. V. perfora'tio, perforation of the 
stomach. V. prio'res, ventricles, lateral. V. pseu- 
dophlogo'sis resoluti'va et colliquati'va, softening 
of the stomach. V. superio'res, ventricles, lateral. 
V. tricor'nes, ventricles, lateral. V. ulcera'tio, ul- 
ceration of the stomach. 
Ventriculus, ven-trik'u-lus (dim. of Venter, belly). 
Stomach; ventricle. V. ante'rior, right ventricle. 
V. aor'ticus, left ventricle. V. Aran'tii, see Ventricles 
of thebrain. V. bul'bi olfacto'rii, ventricle, olfactory. 
V. bulbo'sus, V. callosus. V. callo'sus (callous 
stomach), the gizzard or third stomach of the galli- 
naceous birds, consisting of a double-bellied or digas- 
tric muscle. It is lined by a firm cuticle, and forms a 
kind of pouch, depending from the alimentary tube, 
in which the second stomach terminates, and from 
which the duodenum or ventriculus succenturiatus 
issues. In the interior of the gizzard numerous peb- 
bles may be found which aid in the trituration of 
the food. The gizzard is an organ of mastication, and 
is possessed of great muscular power. V. cerebelTi, 
see Ventricles of the brain. V. cona'rii, ventricle, 
pineal. V. cor'poris callo'si, sulcus of corpus callo- 
sum. V. Gale'ni, ventricle of the larynx. V. inter- 
me'dius, third ventricle. V. intestina'lis, abomasus. 
V. latera'lis, ventricle, lateral. V. mag'nus, ven- 
tricle, lateral, of brain. V. me'dius, ventricle, third. 
V. Morgagn'ii, ventricle of larynx. V. olfacto'rius, 
cavity existing during foetal life in olfactory bulb, 
which closes after birth. V. perfora'tus, perforation 
of the stomach. V. posterior, ventricle, left. V. 
pri'mus, ventricle, right. V. pulmona'lis, ventricle, 
right. V. quar'tus, see Ventricles of the brain. V. 
secun'dus, ventricle, left. V. sep'ti pellu'cldi, see 
Ventricles of the brain. V. succenturia'tus, duo- 
denum ; see Ventriculus callosus. V. termina'lls, 
ventricle, terminal. V. tricor'nis cer'ebri, lateral 
■ventricle of brain. V. Ver'g®, Verga's ventricle. 
Ventricus, ven'trik-us. Abdominous. 
1149 
VERATRUM 
Ventrilocution, ven-tril-o-ku'shun. See Engas- 
trimyth. 
Ventriloquism, ven-tril'o-kwism. See Engastri- 
myth. 
Ventriloquist, ven-tril'o-kwist. Engastrimyth. 
Ventriloquy, ven-tril'o-kwe. See Engastrimyth. 
Ventriosus, ven-tre-o'sus. Abdominous. 
Ventripotent, ven-trip'o-tent (venter, potens, power- 
ful). Abdominous. 
Ventripyramid, ven-tre-pir'am-id. Anterior pyra- 
mid situate in the medulla oblongata. 
Ventrofixation, ven-tro-fiks-a'shun. Operation 
consisting in laparotomy, breaking up adhesions of 
the uterus, bringing forward the fundus, and suturing 
it to the anterior abdominal wall with catgut or other 
appropriate suture. 
Ventro-inguinal, ven'tro-in'gwin-al (venter, belly, 
itiguen, groin). Relating or appertaining to the abdo- 
men and groin, as ventro-inguinal hernia. See Hernia 
(inguinal). 
Ventrose, ven'troze. Abdominous; having a 
swollen belly. 
Ventrositas, ven-tros'it-as (venter). Excessive 
corpulency; large abdominal tumor that is neither 
fluctuating nor sonorous. 
Ventrotomy, ven-trot'o-me. Operation of opening 
the abdominal cavity by incision. 
Ven'tus. Wind. 
Venula, ven'u-lah (dim. of Vena). Small vein; 
arteria (Hippocrates). See Vein. 
Venulse centrales, ven'u-le sen-tral'ees. Intra- 
lobular veins. V. intralobula'res, intralobular 
veins. 
Ve'nus (the goddess of love). Clitoris; coition; 
cuprum; venery. V., crys'tals of, cupri subacetas. 
V.'s fly-catcher, rhizoma of Sarracenia flava. 
Veratralbine, ver-ah-tral'been. C28H43NO5. Very 
powerful alkaloid contained in Veratrum album. 
Verat'ria. Veratrina. 
Veratric (ver-at'rik) acid. An acid derived from 
veratrine by the process of saponification. 
Veratrina, ver-at-re'nah. Veratrine. A vegetable 
alkali found in the seeds of Veratrum sabadilla, V. 
officinale, Helonias officinalis, and Asagraea officinalis, 
known in commerce under the names cebadilla, 
cevadilla, and sebadilla, and imported from Mexico. 
Veratrina (Ph. U. S.) is an alkaloid or mixture of al- 
kaloids prepared from the seeds of Asagraea officinalis. 
Veratrine is solid, white, pulverulent, and inodorous; 
soluble in water and in alcohol. When prepared in the 
usual manner it still contains other substances-Saba- 
dillin, Viridia, Veratroidia, Veratroidine, gum resin of the 
sabadilla, and black greasy matter. It is extremely 
poisonous, and but little used internally in medicine; 
dose, gr. It is applied in friction, or endermi- 
cally (from gr. v to xx to §j of lard or cerate) in various 
neuralgic affections. There is also an Oleum vera- 
trinae for local use, consisting of 2 parts veratrine and 
98 parts oleic acid; see Oleate. The two alkaloids, 
Viridia and Veratroidia, which are obtained from ver- 
atria, are depressants of the circulation. Viridia 
produces death, however, by paralysis of the respira- 
tory nervous system; veratroidia, by asphyxia. 
Veratrine, ver'at-reen. Veratrina. V. o'leate, see 
Veratrina and Oleate. V. (or Vera'trial, sul'phate of, 
possesses the same virtues as veratrine. A solution 
of one grain in two ounces of distilled water has been 
used as a substitute for the Eau medicinale d'Husson, 
a well-known remedy, in the dose of f.oj to f^ij. 
Veratrinum, ver-at-re'num. Veratrina. 
Veratroidia, ver-at-ro-id'e-ah. See Veratrina. 
Veratroi'dine. See Perafrina. 
Veratrum album, ver-at'rum album (vere atrum, 
truly black, from the color of the roots). Cherbachem, 
White hellebore. Ord. Melanthacese (Lindley). 
The root or rhizome of this common European 
plant is indebted to the veratrine for its properties. 
It is violently emetic and purgative, even when ap- 
plied to an ulcerated surface; it is also possessed of 
errhine properties, and acts externally as a stimulant. 
It is rarely exhibited internally. Sometimes it is VERBAL AMNESIA 
given as a sneezing-powder, but it operates with 
great violence. It also forms an itch-ointment. See 
Unguentum veratriae. V. lu'teum, Chamselirium lu- 
teum. V. sabadil'la, Cevadilla, Sevadilla; the seeds- 
dried fruit-of this plant, cevadilla, sabadilla, have 
been used mostly as anthelmintics. It possesses the 
same general properties as the Veratrum album. 
Sabadilla (Ph. Br.) is the dried ripe seeds of Schce- 
nocaulon officinale. Powdered sabadilla, under the 
name poudre des Capuchins, was formerly employed 
for destroying lice and vermin. V. vir'ide, Amer- 
ican or Green hellebore, Swamp hellebore, Indian poke, 
Indian uncas, Poke-weed, Bear-weed, Itch-weed, Tickle- 
weed, Earthgall, Devil-bit, Wolf bane, Puppet-weed, is 
indigenous to the swampy districts of almost every 
part of the United States. The properties of the 
rhizome are like those of the genus. It has been 
employed, however, as a powerful sedative in inflam- 
matory diseases. See .Ertracttwn. veratri viridis fluidum, 
Tinctura veratri viridis, etc. 
Ver'bal amne'sia. Amnesic aphasia. See Aphasia. 
Verbasculum, vur-bas'ku-lum. Primula veris. 
Verbascum alatum, vur-bas'kum al-at'um. V. 
thapsus. V. al'bum, V. thapsus. V. colli'num, V. 
thapsus. V. crassifo'lium, V. thapsus. V. elonga'- 
tum, V. thapsus. V. lychni'tis, V. thapsus. V. 
monta'num, V. thapsus. V. ni'grum, Black mullein, 
and V. thap'sus, Phlox, Great broad-leaved or yellow 
mullein, High taper, Cow's lungwort (ord. Scrophularia- 
cese), especially the latter, have been used as emolli- 
ents, applied externally in the form of fomentation, 
the large leaves being chosen for this purpose. The 
mucilage which they contain has been extracted by 
decoction or infusion, and administered in pectoral 
affections. V. sim'plex, V. thapsus. V. thapsoi'des, 
see V. nigrum. V. thap'sus, see V. nigrum. 
Verbena hastata, vur-be'nah has-tat'ah. Blue 
vervain, Simpler's joy, an American species, is more 
bitter than the European, and said to be emetic. V. 
officina'lis, Vervain, Purvain, Juno's tears, ord. Ver- 
benaceie; plant formerly held sacred, used in sacri- 
fices and suspended around the neck as an amulet. 
V. panicula'ta, V. hastata. V. triphyl'la, herb 
whose aroma resembles a lemon; has stomachic and 
antispasmodic properties. V. urticifo'lia, an indig- 
enous species, has been used in poisoning from Rhus 
toxicodendron. 
Verbenaca, vur-ben'ak-ah. Verbena officinalis. 
Verbesina acmella, vur-bes-e'nah ak-mel'lah. Spi- 
lanthus acmella. V. Virgin'ica, Crown beard; indig- 
enous ; ord. Composite. A decoction of the root is 
used by the Indians as a diaphoretic and depurative. 
Verbigeration, vur-bij-ur-a'shun (verbum, word, 
gero, to carry). The frequent repetition of words 
which have no meaning or connection in continued 
order, as in a sentence. 
Ver'det (F.) (viridis, green). Cupri subacetas; also 
a fungous parasitic disease of maize. 
Ver'digris (viridis, green, gris, gray). Cupri sub- 
acetas. 
Verenda, ver-en'dah (vereor, to reverence). Genital 
organs. 
Veretrum, ver'et-rum. Penis; vulva. 
Ver'ga's ven'tricle. Space resembling a cleft oc- 
casionally found between the medullary layer which 
serves as a connection between the column® fornicis 
and corpus callosum. 
Verhey'en, stars of. Stellate veins. 
Ver'ine. Compound produced by saponification of 
veratrine. 
Verjuice, vur'juice (verd, green, jus, juice). Juice 
of green fruits; a sour kind of grape. Also an acid 
liquor prepared from very sour grapes or crab-apples. 
Principally used sin culinary preparations, although 
occasionally an ingredient in medicinal compounds. 
See Vitis vinifera. 
Vermale's amputa'tion. Amputation above the 
knee by lateral flaps. 
Vermes, vur'mees (pl. of Vermis). Worms. V. 
cer'ebri, choroid plexus. V. intesti'ni or intesti- 
na'les, see Worms. 
1150 
VERNONIA 
Vermicelli, ver-me-sel'le (I.) (L. vermiculus, dim. of 
Vermis, worm). See Turundee Italicse. 
Vermicide, vur'me-side {vermis, worm, credo, to 
kill). A medicinal agent employed to kill intestinal 
worms. See Anthelmintics. 
Vermicular, vur-mik'u-lar (dim. of Vermis, worm). 
Vermiform. Worm-like, as the vermicular or worm- 
like motion of peristole of the intestines. V. sul'ci, 
those furrows which divide the vermis from the lat- 
eral hemispheres of the cerebellum. 
Vermicularis, vur-mik-u-lah'ris. Lumbricalis 
sedum. 
Vermiculate, vur-mik'u-late. Vermicular. 
Vermiculation, ver-mik-u-la'shun (rermis, worm). 
Operation of moving in the form of a worm, as in the 
peristaltic motion of the intestines. 
Vermiculi spermatic!, vur-mik'u-le spur-mat'e-se 
(pl. of Vermiculus, dim. of Vermis, worm). Sperma- 
tozoa. 
Vermiculum, vur-mik'u-lum. Elixir; tincture. 
Vermiculus capillaris, vur-mik'u-lus kap-il-lah'ris 
(hair-worm). Dracunculus. 
Vermiform, vur'me-form {vermis, worm, forma, 
form). That which resembles a worm. V. appen'- 
dix, see Appendix. V. processes, two medullary 
projections at the surface of the cerebellum. The 
superior vermiform process, vermis superior cerebelli, 
is an elongated projection at the anterior and middle 
part of the superior surface of the cerebellum; and 
the inferior vermiform process, vermis inferior cere- 
belli, pyramid of Malacarne, is a somewhat larger 
projection situate in the depression at the inferior 
surface of the same organ. The inferior vermiform 
process is usually described as consisting of three 
portions-the pyramid, the uvula, and the nodulus. 
The anterior portion of the superior vermiform pro- 
cess is elevated, and termed monticulus. In front 
of this process is a notch which encircles the corpora 
quadrigemina posteriorly, called incisura cerebelli an- 
terior ; and behind the isthmus is another notch, called 
incisura cerebelli posterior. 
Vermifuge, vurm'e-fuge {vermis, worm, fugo, to 
drive away). Anthelmintic. 
Vermifugus, vurm-if'u-gus. Anthelmintic. 
Vermilion, vur-mil'yun {vermis, worm, the color 
being like that from the cochineal insect; it also 
means cochineal). Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. 
Verminatio, vurm-in-ah'she-o {vermis, worm). Hel- 
minthiasis ; vermination. 
Vermination, vurm-in-a'shun. Helminthiasis. V., 
cuta'neous, infesting of the cuticle or skin with ani- 
malcules. 
Verminous, vurm'in-ous {vermis, worm). That 
which is caused by worms, as a verminous affection. 
Vermis, vur'mis (worm). See Vermiform processes. 
V. bombyc'inus, cornu ammonis. V. cerebel'li, ver- 
miform process. V. cer'ebri, fever, Hungary. V. 
cucurbiti'nus, taenia solium. V. dig'iti, paronychia. 
V. Guinien'sis, filaria Medinensis. 
Vermitio, vur-mish'e-o {vermis, worm). Helminthi- 
asis. 
Vermouth. A wine slightly tinctured with absin- 
thium. 
Vernal, vur'nal. Belonging to the spring. V. 
conjunctivi'tis, conjunctivitis in young people, mak- 
ing its appearance every spring or in the summer, 
and ceasing with frost. V. fe'ver, malarial fever. 
Ver'nier. A scale attached to graduated instru- 
ments for the purpose of measuring fractions of dis- 
tances. 
Vernine, vur'neen. Leucomaine base existing in 
ergot, etc.; when heated with hydrochloric acid 
guanine is obtained. 
Vernix caseosa, vur'niks kas-e-o'sah (cheesy var- 
nish). The fatty varnish or deposit often found on 
the foetus, which is secreted by the sebaceous follicles 
of the skin. V. sic'ca, dry varnish, sandarac. 
Vernonia anthelmintica, vur-no'ne-ah an-thel-min' 
tik-ah (after William Vernon, an English botanist and 
traveller in N. America). Plant indigenous in India, 
ord. Composites; had great celebrity in the East In- VERNONINE 
dies, and is a bitter tonic, but the seeds are chiefly 
used as an anthelmintic for ascarides and lumbrici in 
children. V. Nigritia'na, plant native of Africa; 
root is febrifuge. V. Noveboracen'sis, Iron weed, 
Flat top, and V. fascicula'ta, an indigenous plant, 
are reputed to possess cathartic properties. 
Vernonine, vur'non-een. Active principle obtained 
from root of Vernonia Nigritiana. Its action re- 
sembles that of digitaline, but it is not as poisonous 
as the latter. 
Veronica, ver-on'ik-ah (after St. Veronica). Male 
veronica, Pluellin, Officinal speedwell, Eyebright, Paul's 
betony. Ord. Scrophulariacese; once used as a pec- 
toral. V. aquat'ica, V. beccabunga. V. beccabun'- 
ga, Water pimpernel, Brooklime, Brooklime speedwell, 
Water speedwell, Neckweed, Water purslain. Plant 
formerly used in a variety of diseases. V. mas, ver- 
onica. V. officinalis, veronica. V. parviflo'ra, 
plant of New Zealand; reputed to be useful in 
chronic dysentery. V. peregri'na, Neckweed, Pur- 
slain, Speedwell; indigenous; has been given inter- 
nally in scrofulosis, and applied as a wash to 
scrofulous tumors. V. purpu'rea, Betonica offici- 
nalis. V. quinquefolia, E. Indian remedy for lep- 
rosy ; the root is the part employed. V. Tournefort''- 
ii, veronica. V. Virginlca, Leptandra Virginica. 
Verpa, vur'pah. Penis. 
Verpus, vur'pus. Circumcised; middle finger. 
Verruca, ver-ru'kah. Excrescence, Wart. A small, 
hard, mammillary tumor which forms at the surface 
of the skin, and particularly on that of the hands 
and face. Warts are generally rugous at the surface 
and broad at the base, their roots being implanted 
in the derma by whitish filaments, which are dense, 
semifibrous, and very numerous. The flat wart is 
called verruca simplex; the pedunculated, verruca 
digitata. Warts may be destroyed by caustic or re- 
moved by excision; their vitality is, generally, not 
great. V. acumina'ta, the venereal wart, moist wart, 
consists of one or a number of pointed, mulberry, or 
cauliflower-like elevations situate upon the genitalia 
and adjoining regions. V. carno'sa, condyloma. V. 
digita'ta, see Verruca. V. filifor'mis, small wart, 
thread-like and with pointed end, usually located on 
the face, eyelids, and neck. V. formica'ria, formica. 
V. gla'bra, variety with smooth surface. V. mi'- 
nor, a small wart on the skin resembling a bud of 
thyme. V. mollus'ca, condyloma. V. necrogen'- 
ica, Anatomical tubercle, Post-mortem wart; produc- 
tion of a morbid epithelium, caused in dissecting by 
the acrid fluids of the dead body. V. palpebra'rum, 
see Hydatid. V. pen'silis, a hard wart which hangs 
by a pedicle. V. pla'na or senilis, variety which is 
flat and generally round and broad ; usually occurs 
on the back and face of elderly people. V. rhagoi'- 
dea, a small wart on the skin resembling a bud of 
thyme. V. sim'plex, see Verruca. 
Verrucas ani, ver-ru'ke an'e. See Condyloma. 
Verrucaria, ver-ru-kah're-ah (verruca). Calendula 
officinalis; Heliotropium Europaeum. 
Verruciform, ver-ru'se-form. Resembling a wart. 
Verrucose (ver'ru-koze) or Verrucous, ver'ru-kus. 
Warty. 
Verrucositas conjunctivae, ver-ru-kos'it-as kon- 
junk-te've. Granular condition of the eyelids. 
Verrucosity, ver-ru-kos'it-e. Condition of having 
warts. 
Verrucula, ver-ru'ku-lah. See Verruca. 
Verru'ga Perua'na. Verugas. 
Versio, vur'se-o (verto, to turn). Turning. V. 
foe'tus, turning the foetus. V. sponta'nea, evolution, 
spontaneous. V. u'teri, oblique position of the uterus. 
Version (vur'shun), biman'ual or bipo'lar. See 
Turning. V., cephalic, see Taming. V., exter'nal, 
see Turning. V., inter'nal, see Turning. V., pel'vic, 
operation of turning the foetus so that the breech 
presents. V., podal'ic, see Turning. 
Vertebra dentata, vur'te-brah den-tat'ah (toothed 
vertebra). Axis. V. dor'si pri'ma, first vertebra of 
the back. V. lumbo'rum pri'ma, asphaltites. V. 
mag'na, sacrum. V. odontoi'dea, axis. V. pro-em'- 
1151 
VERTEBRAL 
inens or prom'inens, see Vertebrae. V. ve'ra, true 
vertebra. 
Vertebrse, vur'te-bre (pl. of Vertebra) (yerto, to 
turn). The bones which by their union form the 
vertebral or spinal column; they are short, thick, 
very angular bones, twenty-four in number, and sit- 
uate one above another. The body or centrum of the 
vertebra is the middle and anterior portion. Above 
and below it is articulated by means of a flbrocar- 
tilage with the contiguous vertebra. The processes 
of each vertebra are : the spinous process, situate be- 
hind and in the median line; the two transverse 
processes, standing off from each sjde; the four artic- 
ular or oblique processes-zygapophyses, two superior 
and two inferior-which serve to unite the vertebrae 
with each other. These transverse and articulating 
processes are made continuous with the lateral and 
posterior parts of the body of the vertebra by narrow 
bony portions or pedicles, on each of which are 
notches. These by their union with similar notches 
in the contiguous vertebra form the lateral foramina, 
through which the spinal nerves leave the vertebral 
canal. The different processes are united with each 
other so as to form a kind of ring of lateral and pos- 
terior parts of the vertebra, and the foramen within 
this-that is, between the body and processes, fora- 
men vertebrate rachidium-concurs in forming the 
vertebral canal. The arch or lamina of a vertebra, 
neurapophysis, is the part from which the several 
processes project. The vertebrfe have particular cha- 
racters according to the regions they occupy. They 
are divided into seven cervical, twelve dorsal, and 
five lumbar. The first cervical is called the atlas; 
the second, axis or vertebra dentata; and the seventh, 
vertebra pro-eminens or prominens. The vertebrae are 
articulated with each other. Those of the back are 
joined, moreover, to the ribs by their articulating 
surfaces-parapophyses. The first or atlas is articu- 
lated with the occipital bone, and the last lumbar 
vertebra with the sacrum. 
Measurements of the vertebrae may be found under 
the heading Man. 
Ver'tebraa abdomina'les. Lumbar vertebrae. V. 
cauda'les, sacral vertebrae. V. coccygea'les, coccy- 
geal vertebrae. V. col'll, cervical vertebrae. V.fal'sae, 
false vertebrae. V. sacra'les, sacral vertebrae. V. 
spu'rlse os'sis sa'cri, sacral vertebrae. V. thorac'- 
icse, dorsal vertebrae. 
Vertebral, vur'te-bral. That which relates or be- 
longs to the vertebrae. V. aponeuro'sis, fascia verte- 
bralis. V. arch, neural arch. V. ar'tery, Posterior 
cerebral artery, the largest of the branches of the sub- 
clavian, arises from the posterior part of that vessel; 
is lodged in a canal formed by the foramina in the 
transverse processes; enters the cranium, and pro- 
ceeds to anastomose with its fellow of the opposite 
side and to form the basilary artery. V. canal', see 
Vertebral column. V. col'umn, Spine, Backbone; a kind 
of bony column situate at the posterior and central 
part of the trunk; extending from the head to the 
sacrum; flexible in every direction, yet very solid, 
and hollowed by a canal called vertebral, which gives 
it lightness without diminishing its strength, and 
runs through its whole length. The vertebral column 
is formed by the superposition of the vertebrae. It 
represents a pyramid whose base is below. Anteriorly, 
it is convex in the neck, concave in the back, and 
convex, again, in the loins. Behind, the curvatures 
are of course the reverse of these. There is also in 
the dorsal region a lateral curvature, the concavity 
of which is toward the left side. Considered as 
a whole, the vertebral column has an anterior or 
prespinal surface; a posterior or spinal; two lat- 
eral ; a base; and an apex or top. In the nomen- 
clature of Chaussier the anterior surface, in the 
neck, is called trachelian; in the back, predorsal; 
and in the loins, prelumbar. The dorsal surface has 
at its middle the spinous processes, and at its sides 
the vertebral gutters formed by the union of the ver- 
tebral plates, which, by their j unction, constitute the 
spinous processes. These are filled by the sacrospi- VERTEBRARTERIAL FORAMEN 
nalis muscle. The sides or lateral surfaces present 
the foramina resulting from the union of the verte- 
bral notches. These are called vertebral foramina, 
and give passage to the vertebral nerves. The base 
of the vertebral column is oblique, to unite with the 
sacrum, and forms with it an angle called sacroverte- 
bral angle or promontory. The apex or top of the 
vertebral column is articulated with the occipital 
bone. Sometimes the term vertebral column includes 
the whole of the column from the occipital bone to 
the extremity of the coccyx. The Vertebral or Spinal 
or Rachidian canal, Solen, Canalis vertebralis or rpedullee 
spinalis, exists through the whole of the vertebral col- 
umn, whose curvatures it follows. It is continuous, 
above, with the cranium; below, with the sacral 
canal, if we consider the vertebrae to terminate at 
the sacrum. It is lined by a prolongation of the 
meninges, forming the theca vertebralis, and lodges 
the spinal marrow. The vertebral column, which 
unites lightness with solidity, serves to support the 
head and chest. It is the seat of all the movements 
of the trunk, the weight of which it transmits to the 
pelvis. It lodges and protects the spinal marrow, and 
gives passage to the vertebral nerves and to numer- 
ous vessels. V. disease', Rhachialgia (of some), Caries 
of the vertebrse. The spinal column is liable to distor- 
tion at times without the vertebrse being much, if at 
all, diseased. At other times a more formidable af- 
fection is induced, the vertebrse becoming carious 
and the intervertebral cartilages ulcerated, followed 
by a more or less complete loss of power over the 
lower extremities. In such case, on examining the 
spine, one or more of the spinous processes is found 
to project beyond the rest. The disease was first well 
described by Mr. Percival Pott, and hence it has been 
called Pott's disease or boss or curvature. It usually 
occurs in scrofulous subjects. The sore must be suf- 
fered to remain open, and the patient kept in the 
horizontal posture until the use of the limbs is recov- 
ered, employing tonics, the free admission of fresh 
air, etc. at the same time. V. fora'men, see Verte- 
brae. V. lig'aments, these are anterior and posterior. 
They consist of long ligamentous coverings, the ante- 
rior occupying the anterior part of the vertebral 
column, and the posterior seeming to arise from the 
occipito-axoid ligament, and seated behind the bodies 
of the vertebrse from the axis to the sacrum. V. 
nerve, trisplanchnic. V. nerves, Spinal nerves, spring 
successively from the spinal marrow, from its origin 
to its termination. These nerves-thirty pairs in all 
-arise by two roots, one anterior, from the anterior 
or antero-lateral column of the spinal marrow, and 
the other posterior, from the posterior or postero- 
lateral column, and afterward issue by the vertebral 
and sacral foramina. Each of these roots has a dis- 
tinct function; the posterior being destined to convey 
sensation to parts; the anterior, motion. The poste- 
rior root, however, gives occasion, by its influence on 
the anterior, to reflex movements; while the ante- 
rior, by reacting on the posterior, induces the phe- 
nomena of recurrent sensibility. On the posterior root, 
before its junction with the anterior, there is a gan- 
glion, intervertebral ganglion. Of the thirty pairs 
of nerves, seven are cervical, twelve dorsal, five lum- 
bar, and six sacral. See Nerves. V. plex'us, sympa- 
thetic nerve along the vertebral artery. V. polyar- 
thritis, see Polyarthritis. V. ribs, floating ribs. V. 
sheath, see Vertebral column. V. vein, this vein col- 
lects the veins from the vertebral canal and neck and 
empties into the innominate vein. V. vein, anterior, 
collects the blood from a plexus over the cervical 
vertebrse and empties into the vertebral vein. V. 
vein, posterior, vena cervicalis profunda. 
Vertebrarterial foramen, vur-te-brar-te're-al fo- 
rah'men. Foramen transversarium. 
Vertebrata, vur - te - brah' tali. Sub-kingdom of 
the animal kingdom, embracing all animals hav- 
ing an internal jointed bony skeleton with a spinal 
cord. 
Vertebrated, vur'te-bra-ted. Provided with ver- 
tebrse. 
1152 
VERU MONTANUM 
Vertebrectomy, vur-te-brek'tom-e {vertebra, ektome, 
excision). Excision of portion of a vertebra. 
Vertebrobasilar plexus, vur'te-bro-bas'il-ar pleks'- 
us. Vertebral plexus. 
Vertebrochondral (vur-te-bro-kon'dral) ribs. Eibs 
which are attached posteriorly to the spine and ante- 
riorly to the costal cartilages. 
Vertebrocostal ligaments, vur-te-bro-kos'tal lig'a- 
ments. Ligaments which connect the ribs with the 
spinal column. V. ribs, vertebrochondral ribs. 
Vertebrodymia, vur-te-bro-dim'e-ah {vertebra, duo, 
to mingle). See Somatodymia. 
Vertebro-iliac ligament, vur'te-bro-il'e-ak lig'a- 
ment. Ileolumbar ligament. 
Vertebrospinal veins, vur-te-bro-spi'nal. Those 
veins which connect plexuses of the spinal canal with 
the vertebral vein. 
Vertebrosternal (vur-te-bro-stur'nal) ribs. Ster- 
nal ribs. 
Vertex, vur'teks. The top or highest part or crown 
of the head; see Sinciput. V. cor'dis, apex of the 
heart. V. cu'biti, olecranon. V. paTpitans, fonta- 
nella. V. presentation, see Presentation. 
Vertibulum, vur-tib'u-lum {verto, to turn). The 
rounded head of a bone, as of the humerus; a joint; 
trepan. 
Vertical, vur'tik-al. Eelating to the vertex ; per- 
pendicular to the plane of the horizon. V. diam'eter 
of cra'nium, line extending from basion to bregma. 
V. in'dex, ratio existing between greatest height and 
greatest length of cranium. V. plate, see Palate- 
bone. 
Verticillium graphii, vur-te-sil'le-um graf'e-e. 
Fungus occasionally met with in the external audi- 
tory canal, which gives rise to irritation and dis- 
charge of pus. 
Ver'tico-trans'verse circumference of skull. Es- 
timated variously as follows: By Broca, over the 
surface from one auricular foramen to the other, 
through the bregma, thence on under surface to 
point of beginning, passing back of the styloid pro- 
cesses and in front of the condyles. By Frankfort 
agreement, over superior surface from auricular fora- 
men to auricular foramen in a plane vertical to the 
auriculo-infraorbital plane. 
Vertlcula (vur-tik'u-lah), Verticulum (vur-tik'u- 
lum), or Verticulus, vur-tik'u-lus {verto, to turn). 
Articulation. 
Vertiginous, vur-tij'in-us. Eelating or pertaining 
to vertigo ; giddy ; dizzy. 
Verti'go (generally pronounced vur'te-go) {verto, to 
turn). Giddiness, Dizziness, Swimming of the head. A 
state in which it seems that all objects are turning 
round, or that the individual himself is performing a 
movement of gyration-Vertigo gyrosa. Two varieties 
have been designated: simple vertigo, where the 
objects are seen ; and scotodynia, in which the sight 
is obscured and the individual often falls. Vertigo 
is dependent upon the condition of the brain as 
affected by the circulation, and often announces an 
attack of apoplexy or epilepsy. V., aud'itory or au'- 
ral, Meniere's disease or labyrinthine vertigo. V. ab 
au're Ise'so, Meniere's disease. V., car'dio-vas'cu- 
lar, V. occurring in valvular disease of the heart, 
especially aortic insufficiency and arteriosclerosis. V., 
cerebel'lar, V. from pressure of a tumor on the cere- 
bellum. V., epilep'tic, a form of V. accompanying 
an epileptic attack. V., gas'tric,V. dependent on ir- 
ritation of the stomach, as in dyspepsia. V. gyro'sa, 
see Vertigo. V., labyrinthine, Meniere's disease. 
V., objective, vertigo in which the patient imagines 
that objects move. V., par'alyzing, V. characterized 
by paresis and depression, attacking the male sex only. 
V. a stom'acho lae'so, Abdominal dizziness; vertigo 
dependent on or associated with well-marked gastric 
symptoms. V., subjective, vertigo in which the 
patient imagines that he is being moved. V. tene- 
brico'sa, giddiness with impaired sight, and some- 
times headache. 
Veru montanum, ver'u mon-tan'um (mountain 
spit). Gallinaginis caput. VERUGAS 
Veru'gas (S.) (verruca, wart). A peculiar disease 
affecting certain localities of Peru, manifesting itself 
by sore throat, pains in the bones, and other febrile 
symptoms. An eruption of red pimples soon appears; 
these sometimes become nearly as large as an egg, and 
discharge blood copiously. It is ascribed to the water 
of certain springs in the valleys, and especially in that 
of Surea, called aqua de veruga. 
Vervain, vur'vain. Verbena officinalis. V., blue, 
Verbena hastata. 
Vesalius, foramen of, ves-al'e-us, for-am'en. Small 
aperture in the sphenoid bone, at the inner side of the 
foramen ovale. V., glands of, bronchial glands. V., 
lig'ament of, Poupart's ligament; see Crural arch. 
Vesania, ves-an'e-ah (ve, negative, sanus, sound). 
Vesanise. Madness; derangement of intellectual and 
moral faculties, without coma or fever. Sometimes 
used as a generic term to include different species of 
mental alienation, hypochondriasis, somnambulism, 
and even hydrophobia. V. ma'nia, mania. 
Vesanise, ves-an'e-e. Insanity; vesania. 
Vesica, ves-e'kah (bladder). Urinary bladder. V. 
hilia'ria, gall-bladder. V. cor'dis, see Pericardium. 
V. fel'lea, gall-bladder. V. intestina'lis, vesicula 
umbilicalis. V. natato'ria, gall-bladder. V. prostat'- 
ica, see Ejaculatory ducts. V. rup'ta, rupture of the 
urinary bladder. V. sacca'ta or saccula'ta, saccu- 
lated bladder; stricture; narrowness or inequality of 
the urinary bladder. V. urina'ria, urinary bladder. 
Vesicse irritabilitas, ves-e'se ir-re-tab-il'it-as. 
Irritability of the bladder. V. unguino'sse ten'di- 
num, bursae mucosae. 
Vesical, ves'e-kal (vesica, bladder). That which be- 
longs or relates to the bladder. V. ar'teries vary in 
number and origin. The umbilical artery always sends 
off two or three: the middle hemorrhoidal, internal 
pudic, and obturator furnish others, which ramify 
and anastomose in the parietes of the bladder; the 
hypogastric furnishes one somewhat larger, the ves- 
icoprostatic, which proceeds to the bas-fond of the 
bladder, sending numerous ramifications to it as well 
as to the surrounding parts. V. gan'glia, see Sper- 
matic ganglion. V. lig'aments, see Urinary bladder. 
V. ox'ide, oxide, cystic. V. plex'us surrounds the 
fundus of the urinary bladder and connects with the 
hemorrhoidal and pudendal plexus. V. plex'us of 
veins, veins which send branches over the surface of 
the bladder and which empty into the internal iliac 
vein. V. sac'culus, see Bladder, sacculated. V. 
sphinc'ter, sphincter vesicse. V. tri'angle, see Urin- 
ary bladder. V. u'vula, see Urinary bladder. V. 
veins, much more numerous than the arteries, open 
into the hypogastric plexus. 
Vesicant, ves'ik-ant (vesica, bladder). Blister. 
Vesicarium, ves-ik-ah're-um. Ovary. 
Vesication, ves-ik-a'shun (vesica). The action of a 
vesicant. The formation of blisters. 
Vesicatorium, ves-ik-at-o're-um, Blister. 
Vesicatory, ves'ik-a-to-re. Blister; epispastic. 
Vesicle, ves'ik'l (dim. of Vesica). Vesicula. V., 
allan'toid, allantois. V. of Baer, the ovule in the 
follicle of De Graaf, which was well described by 
Baer in 1827. V., blastoder'mic, see Molecule. V., 
cow'pox, see Vaccination. V. of development, 
vesicle or cyst concerned in histogeny. V. of evolu'- 
tion, V. of development. V., ger'minal, see Molecule. 
V., malig'nant, anthrax. V., Purkin'jean, see Mole- 
cule. N., sem'inal, pouches for reception of semen 
between the rectum and base of the bladder. V., 
umbil'ical, vesicula umbilicalis. V., Valentin'ian, 
see Molecule. V., Wag'ner's, see Molecule. N., 
Webe'rian, see Ejaculatory ducts. 
Vesicles, Aschersonian, ves'ik-l's, ash-ur-so'ne-an. 
When fluid fat and fluid albumen are shaken together, 
the resulting fat-globules become surrounded by an 
albuminous layer. The vesicles thus formed are 
called after Ascherson, their describer. V., cer'ebral, 
see Cerebrum. V. of De Graaf, folliculi Graafiani. 
V., lung, see Lung. V., Malpigh'ian, cellules, bron- 
chic; see Lung. V., pri'mary, see Cerebrum. V., 
sem'inal, vesiculae seminales. 
1153 
VESICUUE 
Vesicocele, ves-ik-o-se'le (Eng. ves'ik-o-seel) (vesica, 
bladder, kele, rupture). Cystocele. 
Vesicocervical fistula, ves-ik-o-sur'vik-al fis'tu-lah. 
Fistula existing between bladder and cervix uteri. 
Vesicoclysis, ves-ik-ok'lis-is (vesica, bladder, klusis, 
washing out). Injection of liquid into the bladder. 
Vesicoprostatic, ves-ik-o-pros-tat'ik. Relating to 
the bladder and prostate. See Vesical. V. plex'us, 
pudendal plexus. 
Vesicorectal, ves-ik-o-rek'tal. Relating to the 
vagina and rectum. 
Vesicospinal centre, ves-ik-o-spi'nal sen'ter. 
Nerve-centre which exerts influence on micturition, 
situate between fifth and seventh lumbar vertebrae. 
Vesico-umbilical ligaments, ves'ik-o-um-bil'ik-al 
lig'am-ents. Three in number, which connect the 
bladder with the umbilicus. The middle vesico-um- 
bilical ligament is the obsolete embryonic urachus. 
The two lateral vesico-umbilical ligaments are the 
obliterated umbilical arteries, and connect the lateral 
walls of the bladder with the umbilicus. 
Vesico-urachal, ves'ik-o-u'rak-al. Relating or ap- 
pertaining to the bladder and urachus, as a vesico- 
urachal fistula. 
Vesico-uterine, ves'ik-o-u'ter-in. Appertaining or 
relating to the bladder and uterus. V.-u. folds, see 
Uterus. V.-u. pouch, Douglas's cul-de-sac; see Uterus. 
Vesico-uterovaginal, ves'ik-o-u-ter-o-vaj-i'nal. Re- 
lating to the bladder, uterus, and vagina, as vesico- 
uterovaginal hernia. 
Vesicovaginal, ves'ik-o-vaj-i'nal. Vaginovesical, 
Urinovesical. Relating to the bladder and the vagina, 
as vesicovaginal fistula. V. ar'tery, vaginal artery. 
V. fis'tula, fistula existing between bladder and 
vagina, resulting from sloughing following difficult 
and protracted labor, or from ulceration. V. her'- 
nia, see Cystocele. 
Vesicula, ves-ik'u-lah (dim. of Vesica). Vesicle, 
Blister. Small bladder or cyst; small orbicular ele- 
vation of the cuticle, containing lymph, sometimes 
clear and colorless, but often opaque and whitish or 
pearl-colored. It is succeeded either by a scurf or by 
a laminated scab. V. senigmato'sa, vesicula umbil- 
icalis. V. al'ba, vesicula umbilicalis. V. bi'lis, 
gall-bladder. V. blastodermat'ica, see Molecule. V. 
blastoder'mica, see Molecule. V. chy'li, receptacu- 
lum chyli. V. erythroi'dea, erythroid vesicle. V. 
fel'lis, gall-bladder. V. gangrsenes'cens, see An- 
thrax. V. germinati'va, see Molecule. V. omphalo- 
mesenter'ica, vesicula umbilicalis. V. ova'lis, ve- 
sicula umbilicalis. V. prolif'era, see Molecule. V. 
prostat'ica, see Ejaculatory ducts. V. sero'sa, false 
amnion. V. spermat'ica spu'ria, see Ejaculatory 
ducts. V. umbilica'lis, Umbilical or Intestinal vesicle, 
Vitelline pouch, Vitellicle; a small, pyriform, round, or 
spherical sac which, about the fifteenth or twentieth 
day after fecundation, is the size of a common pea, 
and probably acquires its greatest dimensions during 
the third or fourth week. After the seventh week it 
becomes shrivelled and disappears insensibly. It 
seems to be situate between the chorion and amnion, 
and is commonly adherent either to the outer sur- 
face of the amnion or to the inner surface of the 
chorion, but at times is loose between them. The 
Vitelline pedicle attaching the vesicle to the embryo 
is continuous with the intestinal canal, and up to 
twenty or thirty days of embryonic life is hollow- 
Ductus omphalomesentericus or vitello-intestinalis or 
vitellarius, Vitelline duct. Its arteries are the omphalo- 
mesenteric. The vitelline fluid contained in the vesi- 
cle-in the vitelline or yolk membrane-has been com- 
pared, from analogy, to the vitellus or yolk of birds, 
and, like it, is an oleaginous albuminous substance 
inservient to the nutrition of the embryo. 
Vesic'ulse (pl. of Vesicula). Vesicular skin dis- 
eases ; see Villous membranes. V. ae'rese, cellules, 
bronchic. V. bron'chicae, cellules, bronchic. V. 
cervi'cis u'teri, ovula Nabothi. V. di'vae bar'barae, 
variola confluens. V. gingiva'rum, aphthae. V. 
GraafiaTise, folliculi Graafiani. V. gris'ese, see 
Spleen. V. Malpighia'nse, cellules, bronchic. V. VESICULAR 
membrana'ceae, cellules, bronchic. V. Nabo'thi, 
Nabothian glands. V. pulmona'les, cellules, bron- 
chic. V. rotun'dae cervi'cis u'teri, Nabothi glandu- 
les. V. san'guinis, globules of the blood; see Blood. 
V. semina'les, Seminal vesicles. These are two small 
membranous sacs serving as reservoirs for the sperm, 
and probably secrete a fluid to be mixed with it. They 
are beneath the bladder, above the rectum, behind 
the prostate, and to the outer side of the vasa defer- 
entia. Their anterior extremity or neck is narrow, 
elongated, being continuous with the excretory duct 
of the vesicula. This duct joins the vas deferens, 
forming with it the ejaculatory duct. V. semina'les 
mulie'rum, Nabothi glandulae. V. spermat'icae, see 
Vesiculse seminales. 
Vesicular (ves-ik'u-lar) or Vesic'ulate. Of or be- 
longing to a vesicle; full of or containing small vesi- 
cles or cells. The cortical or gray matter of the brain 
is sometimes termed vesicular. See Cortex cerebri and 
Neurine. V. fe'ver, pemphigus. V. lay'er, contain- 
ing ganglionic cells. V. mur'mur, sound heard over a 
healthy lung. V. sound, a fine breezy sound heard 
during inspiration, and due to dilatation of the air- 
cells of the lungs. 
Vesiculif'erous (vesicula, fero, to bear). Bearing or 
consisting of vesicles. 
Vesiculitis, ves-ik-u-le'tis. Inflammation of the 
seminal vessels. 
Vesiculo'sus. Relating to or containing vesicles. 
Vesiculotu'bular. A quality of respiratory sound 
combining vesicular and tubular factors. 
Vesiculotympanitic, ves-ik-u-lo-tim-pan-it'ik. An 
epithet for a sound or resonance heard on percussion, 
consisting of the vesicular and tympanitic sounds 
combined. It occurs when the parenchyma of the 
lungs is incompletely solidified. 
Vesiculous, ves-ik'u-lus. Shaped like or charac- 
terized by vesicles. 
Ves'pa. Wasp. 
Vespajus, ves-paj'us (vespa, wasp's nest). Suppu- 
rative follicular inflammation of the hairy scalp. 
Vespertilio'nis a'la (bat's wing). A triangular 
portion of the broad ligament of the uterus, formed 
by the ligament of the ovary and the ovary itself. 
See Uterus. 
Ves'sel. A canal more or less elastic, formed by 
the superposition of membranes; distinguished ac- 
cording to its uses and general arrangement into 
artery, vein, and lymphatic. See Artery, etc., Vas, 
and Vascular. 
Vestibular, ves-tib'u-lar. Relating or appertaining 
to the vestibule. V. an'gle, external angle of cochlear 
duct between outer wall and membrane of Reissner. 
V. ar'tery, branch of internal auditory artery supply- 
ing the vestibule. V. blind sac, term applied to end 
of cochlear duct nearest to the vestibule in the in- 
ternal ear. V. mem'brane, membrane of Reissner. 
V. nerve, see Auditory nerve. V. pas'sage, scala 
vestibuli; passage of the cochlea proceeding to the 
apex from lamina spiralis. V. por'tion of coch'lea, 
the portion situate near the vestibule. 
Vestibule, ves'ti-bule (vestio, to clothe, or cover). 
The porch or entrance to a house; hence a smooth 
cavity between the perineum and nymphae in the 
female, which leads to two passages-to the urethra 
above and to the vagina below. Henle includes the 
labia pudendi also. V. of the ear, a cavity of an ir- 
regular shape forming part of the labyrinth or inter- 
nal ear. The vestibule is situate on the inner side of 
the tympanum, on the outer side of the meatus audi- 
torius internus, before the semicircular canals, and be- 
hind the cochlea. It is lined by a particular mem- 
brane, and contains the liquor of Cotunnius and 
branches of the auditory nerve. There is also an- 
other membrane, constituting the membranous vesti- 
bule, but it is not an exact imitation of the osseous 
cavity. It is composed of two distinct sacs opening 
into each other-the sacculus vestibuli and the saccu- 
lus. There are three contiguous cavities in the vesti- 
bule, one of which, the semi-oval, is situate above ; 
another, the hemispherical, below; the third, or sulci- 
1154 
VIABLE 
form, being the orifice of the aquseductus vestibuli, be- 
hind. V. of the mouth, space included between the 
teeth and cheeks and lips. V. of the vagi'na or 
vul'va, space immediately behind the nymphae. 
Vestibulum labyrinth!, ves-tib'u-lum lab-ir-in'the. 
Vestibule of the ear. V. laryn'gis, superior cavity 
of the larynx. V. na'si, see Nares. V. o'ris, see 
Mouth. V. os'seum, vestibule of the ear. V. pharyn'- 
gis me'dium, isthmus of the fauces. V. vagi'nae, 
vestibule. V. ventric'uli laryn'gis, inferior portion 
of laryngeal ventricle. 
Ves'tige. A kind of fracture of flat bones consist- 
ing of a simple incision having the mark of the instru- 
ment that caused it. The term is also applied to a part 
of the body which may have no evident use in man, 
and yet may be greatly employed in animals. For 
example, the muscles of the external ear in man, the 
vermiform appendix of the csecum, etc. 
Vestigial (ves-tij'e-al) fold of pericar'dium. Re- 
duplication of serous layer of pericardium in front 
of the root of the left lung ; it contains remnants of 
the left duct of Cuvier. 
Vestigium, ves-tij'e-um. Sole; vestige. V. fora'- 
minis ovaTis, ovalis fossa. V. pe'dis, metatarsus. 
Vestimen'tum. Clothing. 
Vestitus, ves-te'tus (vestio, to clothe). Vestment, 
Clothing, Dress, Vesture. Any substance used for the 
purpose of covering nakedness or preserving from 
atmospheric temperature by being worn on the body. 
The best clothing in winter consists of articles that 
are bad conductors of caloric, and do not admit of 
ready evaporation of the matter of perspiration. In 
this respect woollen vestments deserve the first place, 
cotton the second. Color has to be regarded-the 
darkest hues transmitting solar heat most readily 
through them. It has been found that the same rule 
applies to odors-the darker colors retaining a greater 
amount of odorous particles than the lighter. Hence 
the necessity of white walls, white bedclothes, etc. 
in hospitals, for probably that law applies to con- 
tagious miasms. 
Vest'ment. Vestitus. 
Vest'ure. Vestitus. 
Ves'uvin. Triamidoazobenzol, a brown aniline 
dye suitable for staining nuclei and unicellular mi- 
cro-organisms. 
Ve'ta. Form of mountain sickness, known as 
puna. See Marea. 
Vetch'ling. Lathyrus, a botanical genus. 
Veterana, vet-er-an'ah. Rubeola. 
Veterinarian, vet-er-in-a're-an. Specialist in vet- 
erinary medicine. 
Veterinarius, vet-er-in-ar'e-us. See Hippiater and 
Veterinary. 
Veterinary, vet'er-in-a-re (veterinus, bearing bur- 
dens, perhaps from veho, to carry). Pertaining to 
beasts of burden; hence veterinary surgeon, veter- 
inary medicine, etc. V. anat'omy, see Anatomy. V. 
art, art of treating the diseases, etc. of animals, as 
the horse, cattle, etc. V. med'icine, veterinary art. 
Veternoma'nia (veternus, lethargy, mania). Ty- 
phomania. 
Veternositas, vet-er-nos'it-as (vetus, aged, because 
old persons are subject to somnolency). Coma vigil. 
Veternus, vet-er'nus. Lethargy. See Coma vigil. 
Vetiveria odorata, vet-e-va're-ah o-dor-at'ah. An- 
dropogon muricatus. 
Vetton'ica (after the Vettones of Spain). Betonica 
officinalis. 
Vet'ula. Sacrum. 
Vetyver, vet'i-vair. Andropogon muricatus. 
Vexil'la (pl. of Vexillum) tuba'rum Fallo'pii. See 
Tube, Fallopian. 
Via, ve'ah. Way. V. curan'di, method of cure. 
V. stom'achi et ven'tris, oesophagus. 
Viabil'ity. See Viable. 
Viable, vi'a-b'l (vita, life, habilis, able). Epithet 
applied to a foetus whose organs are properly formed 
and so developed as to permit its continued existence. 
Every foetus is not viable. Anencephali have lived 
ten or twelve days, yet they are not viable. The Vl/E 
older the foetus the more viable it is. It is an idle 
prejudice that a child born at the end of eight 
months is less likely to live than one born at the end 
of seven. The signs of viability are drawn from the 
weight, length, external conformation, etc. of the 
foetus. It may be laid down as a general rule that 
a foetus born before the end of the seventh month is 
not viable. 
Vise chyliferse, ve'e kil-if'er-e. Chyliferous ves- 
sels. V. clandesti'nse, Clandestine passages, suppositi- 
tious secret ways or passages or " royal roads," to ac- 
count, for example, for the rapid transmission of sub- 
stances taken into the stomach to the kidneys or 
bladder. V. extraordina'rise lac'tis, secretion of 
milk elsewhere than in the breasts. V. lacryma'- 
les, lacrymal passages. V. pri'mae, ways, digestive. 
V. secun'dse, ways, second. 
Vi'al. A small glass bottle; a phial. 
Vi'and. Any kind of food, but particularly flesh 
foods. 
Vibernum, ve-bur'num. See Viburnum. 
Vibices, vib'is-ees (pl. of Vibex, mark of a stripe). 
Large purple spots, like the marks produced by the 
strokes of a whip, appearing under the skin in cer- 
tain malignant fevers. They are unfavorable indica- 
tions, as they denote great prostration. 
Vibramen, vib-ram'en (vibro, to quiver). Oscilla- 
tion. 
Vi'brans. Vibratory. 
Vibratile, vi'bra-til. Possessed of oscillation; vi- 
brating. Capable of vibratory motion. V. cells, 
ciliated epithelium. 
Vibratility, vi-bra-til'it-e. Capability of being 
thrown into vibration. 
Vibratio, vib-rah'she-o. Oscillation; vibration. V. 
cardi'aca, palpitation. V. cor'dis, palpitation. 
Vibration, vi-bra'shun. Oscillation. V., pec'toral, 
see Fremitus. V., tac'tile, see Fremitus. V., tus'sive, 
see Tussive. 
Vibra'tions of sound. See Sound. 
Vi'bratives. Term applied to certain consonants 
because of their mode of production. 
Vibrator, vi'bra-tor. Deferens vas. Also mechan- 
ical contrivance to passively exercise muscles. 
Vibratory, vi'bra-to-re. Vibrative. An epithet 
applied to the pain accompanying some neuralgiae, 
seeming to the patient to vibrate among the nerves. 
V. mo'tion, see Cilia. 
Vibra'tus. Oscillation. 
Vibrio, vib're-o {vibro, to quiver). A genus of in- 
fusory animalcules, of which different species are met 
with; for example, V. prolifer, in almost all putrescent 
fluids containing protein and in the pus of chancres, 
in which last the V. lineola has likewise been found. 
Bacteria are considered by many synonymous with 
vibriones; both indicate the existence of organic sub- 
stances associated with putrefaction. See Micrococci. 
V. butyric'ea, bacillus butyricus. V. pro'teus, dis- 
covered by Finchler; probably same as comma-bacil- 
lus found in fecal matter by Nicati and Eietch. V. 
ru'gula, found in tartar of teeth and putrefying 
liquids. V. sep'ticus, bacillus found in septic and 
pysemic pus. V. ser'pens, in liquids undergoing pu- 
trefaction. V. un'dula exists in putrid liquids con- 
taining mucus. 
Vibrissae, vib-ris'se (vibro, to quiver). Hairs grow- 
ing at the entrance of the nostrils and of other aper- 
tures. In the feline tribe, the whiskers. 
Vibur'nic acid. Acid from the bark of Viburnum 
prunifolium, identical with valerianic acid. 
Vibur'nin. Bitter resinous body from Viburnum 
prunifolium. 
Viburnum (vib-ur'num) acerifo'lium. Maple-leaved 
arrow wood, Dockmackie, ord. Caprifoliaceae. A plant 
used by the Indians, and afterward by the Dutch, as 
external application to tumors. V. cassinoi'des, Ilex 
Paraguensis. V. denta'tum, Arrow wood, Mealy tree, 
Tily of the Indians; high indigenous shrub of the 
same family as V. lentago, the bark of which has been 
used by the Indians as a diuretic. V. edu'le flour- 
ishes in the Hudson Bay territory; fruit has orange 
1155 
VI El RIN 
color, less acid, more fleshy, and more agreeable to the 
taste than the cranberry. V. lseviga'tum, Ilex Para- 
guensis. V. lenta'go, Sweet viburnum, Nannyberry ; 
handsome indigenous tree used as antiperiodic. V. 
obova'tum, native shrub of Southern States having 
antiperiodic properties. V. op'ulus, shrub of United 
States and Europe; cranberry tree or snow-ball; the 
ornamental fruit is red, acid, and has been used as a 
substitute for the cranberry; has been supposed to pos- 
sess antispasmodic virtues. V. prunifo'lium, Black 
haw, Sloe-leaved viburnum, Sloe; indigenous; leaves 
have been used as a tea; the bark is officinal under 
the name Viburnum (Ph. U. S.); it has been used as a 
remedial agent in the nervous disorders of pregnancy 
and uterine diseases. V., sloe'-leaved, V. prunifolium. 
V., sweet, V. lentago. V. ti'nus, Laurestinus, orna- 
mental shrub of Europe; seeds are purgative. 
Vicarious, vik-a're-us (vicis, change). Taking the 
place of another, as vicarious secretion, secretion 
which takes place in one part instead of another; v. 
hemorrhage, etc. V. menstruation, bloody dis- 
charge from the nose, rectum, stomach, or any por- 
tion of the body in the female, substituting menstru- 
ation. 
Vice (vitiurn). Defect, fault, depravity, or immor- 
ality. Also applied to constitutional defect or dis- 
ease or fault of conformation, and to bad habits. 
Vichy (vish'e), min'eral waters of. Celebrated 
alkaline chalybeates, the sources of which are at 
Vichy, in the department of Allier, France. The 
springs are almost all thermal, give off bubbles of 
carbonic acid gas, have slightly sulphureous odor, 
and contain a very large amount of alkali. They 
range in temperature from 53° to 110° F. They are 
employed as tonics, particularly in chronic affections 
of the liver and abdominal viscera generally, in old 
catarrhs, diseases of the joints, diabetes, etc., and 
wherever the use of strongly alkaline waters is in- 
dicated. A factitious Vichy water is made in imita- 
tion, and may be had on draught at the soda-water 
counters of almost all druggists. 
Vic'ia ervil'ia. Ervum. V. fa'ba, Common garden, 
bean; ord. Leguminosse. A native of Egypt. There 
are many varieties of beans, none of which are easy 
of digestion; they are proverbially flatulent, espe- 
cially when old. When young they are more digest- 
ible and wholesome. 
Vicinitractus, vis-in-e-trak'tus (vicinus, near, traho, 
to draw). Erysipelas. 
Vicinitraha, vis-in-it'rah-hah. Erysipelas. 
Vicissitude, vis-is'se-tude (vicis, change). Constant 
change. The vicissitudes of the atmosphere, regard- 
ing its barometric, thermometric, and hygrometric 
condition, have to be guarded against by the delicate, 
yet by the new impressions they produce are prob- 
ably a cause of the greater mental and corporeal 
activity of the inhabitants of the temperate regions. 
Vicq d'Azyr (vik daz-eer'), bundle of. Bundle of 
white fibres in the optic thalamus, around the base 
of the anterior nucleus. V. d'A., cen'tra ova'lia 
of, the white matter of the brain seen on horizontal 
section at the level of corpus callosum. 
Vlcto'ria blue. Blue stain, used especially for 
elastic tissue. V. re'gia, species of water-lily, native 
of region of Amazon River, having leaves about seven 
feet in diameter and blossoms eighteen inches in 
width. 
Victoria'lis femine'a. Gladiolus vulgaris. V. 
lon'ga, Allium victoriale. V. rotun'da, Gladiolus 
vulgaris. 
Vic'tus ra'tio (order of victuals) (vivo, victum, to 
live). Dietary. 
Vid'ian ar'tery. A branch of the sphenomaxil- 
lary portion of the inferior maxillary artery accom- 
panying the Vidian nerve, and distributed to the 
pharynx and Eustachian tubes. V. canal' (after 
Vidus Vidius), pterygoid canal. V. nerve, pterygoid 
nerve. 
Viei'rin. Bitter principle from bark of Remijia 
Vellozii of Brazil, where it is used as an antiperiodic 
and tonic, like quinine. VIENNA PASTE 
Vien'na paste and pow'der. See Powder, Vienna. 
Vieussens (ve-u'sens), cen'trum ova'le of. The 
appearance presented by horizontal section of the 
cerebral hemispheres at the level of the corpus callo- 
sum. V., gan'glion of, solar plexus. V., loop of, 
ansa Vieussenii. V., valve of, valvula Vieussenii. 
Vigilance, vij'il-ance. Insomnia. 
Vigilan'tia, Vigila'tio, Vigil'la, or Vigil'iae {vigil, 
on the watch). Watchfulness; morbid want of sleep. 
Vigil'iae nim'iae. Morbid loss of sleep; coma vigil. 
Vigil'ium. Watchfulness; morbid want of sleep. 
Vig'na Sinen'sis. Plant of order Leguminosae, 
native of China, where it is used as a food. 
Vig'or (activity, force). Acme. 
Villar'sia. Genus of aquatic plants belonging to 
order Gentianaceie. Certain ones of the series con- 
tain a bitter principle. V. In'dica, aquatic medicinal 
plant of India, 
Vil'late's liq'uor or solution. Copper sulphate, 
15 p.; zinc sulphate, 15; liq. plumbi subacetatis, 30; 
vinegar, 200. Has been employed locally in caries of 
bone. See Liquor of Villate. 
Vil'li {villus, tuft of hair). See Villous membranes. 
Villiferous, vil-lif'er-us {villus, wool,/ero, to bear). 
Having hairs or villi. 
Villitis, vil-le'tis. Coronitis. 
Villosity, vil-los'it-e. Having long hairs or villi; 
hairy. 
Vil'lous or Vil'lose {villus, tuft of hair). Having 
villi. V. coats, V. membranes. V. growths, papillo- 
mata. V. mem'branes are those covered with fine 
delicate prolongations, papillae or villi, flocci, flocculi, 
vesiculae, cylindri, tubi membranacei, constituted of 
blood-vessels, nerves, and absorbents, or covered with 
fine down, causing them to feel soft and velvety. 
The term is, however, chiefly restricted to the former. 
The name simple villous membranes is given by some 
to the serous membranes, and that of complicated or 
follicular villous membranes to the mucous mem- 
branes. 
Vil'lus. Latin word meaning wool or hair. The 
plural, Villi, is applied to the projections on the val- 
vulae conniventes. Botanically, villi means the soft 
hairy filaments seen on various plants. 
Vimlneous, vim-in'e-us {vimen, a twig). Having 
twigs or resembling long slender twigs. 
Vina medicata (medicated wines), ve'nah med- 
ik-at'ah. See Vinum medicinale. 
Vin'ca. A genus of nat. ord. Apocynaceae. V. 
ma'jor and V. mi'nor, leaves used for astringent, an- 
tihemorrhagic. and antigalactic properties. 
Vincetoxicum, vin-se-toks'ik-um {vinco, to over- 
come, toxicum, poison). Asclepias vincetoxicum. V. 
officina'le belongs to the or<|. Asclepiadaceae, and pos- 
sesses emetic and drastic properties. 
Vinctura, vink-tu'rah {vincio, to bind). Fascia. 
Vincula (vink'u-lah) {vinculum, a band) accesso'ria. 
On the thecae of the fingers several small tendinous fas- 
ciculi are seen, which pass between the phalanges and 
the edges of the tendons, and are so called. V. ten'- 
dinum, small fasciculi of fibrous connective tissue 
running from a tendon to its sheath. Fasciculi or 
bands uniting tendons of extensor communis digito- 
rum on back of hand. Bands forming sheath for flexor 
tendons as they pass over the phalanges. Ligamenta 
vaginalia. V. vasculosa, vincula tendinum. 
Vin'culum {vincio, to bind). Bandage, fascia. V. 
cani'num, fraenum penis. V. lin'guae, fraenum 
linguae. V. praepu'tii, fraenum penis. V. subfla'- 
vum, small tendon of yellow elastic tissue extending 
between the flexor tendons and the head of the sec- 
ond phalanx; belongs to the ligamentum breve digiti. 
V. umbilica'le, umbilical cord. 
Vine. Vitis vinifera. V., grape, Vitis vinifera. 
V., poi'son, Rhus radicans. V., wild, pareira. 
Vin'egar {vinum, wine, acris, sharp or sour). Ace- 
tum. V., aromat'ic spir'it of, see Aceticum acidum. 
V. of blood'root, acetum sanguinariae. V. of can- 
thar'ides, acetum cantharidis. V. of carbol'ic ac'id, 
carbolic acid, 1 p.; acetic acid, 20; water, 980 parts. 
V. of col'chicum, acetum colchici. V. of col'- 
1156 
VINUM 
chicum-root consists of fresh colchicum-root, 20 p.; 
vinegar, 98; glacial acetic acid, 2; allow to mac- 
erate. V., com'mon, acetum. V. of digita'lis, ace- 
tum digitalis: digitalis, 5 p.; alcohol, 5 ; dilute acetic 
acid, 9; water, 36. V., distilled, see Aceticum acidum. 
V., es'tragon, see Artemisia dracunculus. V. of lobe'- 
lia, acetum lobeliae. V., Marseilles, acetum aromat- 
icum. V. of mead'ow saf'fron, acetum colchici. V., 
moth'er of, see Mother of vinegar. V. of o'pium, 
acetum opii. V. plant, Peuicillium glaucum. V., 
rad'ical, aceticum acidum. V. of rose, made by 
macerating red-rose petals in dilute vinegar. V. of 
sanguina'ria, sanguinaria, 10 p.; water, q. s. ad 100 
parts ; percolate. V. of squills, acetum aromaticum. 
V., thieves', acetum aromaticum. V. whey, see Ace- 
tum. V. of wood, see Aceticum acidum. 
Vinetina, vin-et-e'nah. See Oxyacantha Galeni. 
Vine'worts. Name given by some to ord. Vitacese. 
Vi'nic ac'ids. Series of acids obtained by the ac- 
tion of acids upon alcohol. 
Viniferous, vi-nif'er-us {vinum, wine,/ero, to carry). 
W ine-p reducing. 
Vinolenta, vin-o-len'tah {vinum). See Temulentia. 
Vinolentia, vin-o-len'she-ah. Drunkenness. 
Vinosus, vin-o'sus. Vinous. 
Vinous, vi'nus {vinum). Relating to, having the 
character of, or resembling, wine. Made of wine. 
Vi'num {oinos). Wine; sherry wine. See Wine. A 
medicinal wine. See Vinum medicinale. V. ab- 
sinthi'tes, Wine of wormwood (fol. absinth, exsicc., 
absinth, pontic., aa 5vj ; vini albi, Oiv; macerate for 
24 hours and strain); stimulant, tonic, febrifuge, ver- 
mifuge. V. adus'tum, brandy. V. al'bum, defined 
in the Ph. U. S. as a pale amber-colored or straw- 
colored alcoholic liquid, made by fermenting the un- 
modified juice of the grape, freed from seeds, stems, 
and skins; sherry wine; see Wine. V. al'bum for'- 
tius (Ph. U. S.), made by fortifying V. album until 
it contains 20 to 25 per cent, of alcohol. V. al'bum 
Hispan'icum, see Wine. V. al'bum monta'num, see 
Wine. V. al'oes (Ph. U. S.), Wine of aloes (aloes, 
§ij; cardam., gr. cxlvj; zingib., gr. cxlvj; vini 
alb. fort., q. s. to make Oij); purgative and stomachic, 
according to the dose; dose, V. ama'rum, V. 
gentianae compositum. V. ama'rum scillit'icum, V. 
diureticum amarum. V. ama'rum cum spir'itu 
vi'ni, V. gentian® compositum. V. aminse'um, ami- 
naeum vinum. V. antimonia'le, V. antimonii tartar- 
izati. V. antimonia'tum Hux'hami, V. antimonii 
tartarizati. V. antimo'nii (Ph. U. S.), Solution of tar- 
tarized antimony, Antimonial wine (ant. et potass, tart., 
gr. Iviij ; aq. destillat. bullient., vini albi for- 
tius, q. s. to make Oij); each fluidounce contains two 
grains of the tartrate; dose, as an expectorant, 10 to 
30 drops; as an emetic, V. antimo'nii 
potassiotartra'tis, V. antimonii tartarizati. V. aro- 
mat'icum (Ph. U. S.), Aromatic wine (gr. Ixxij each of 
lavender, peppermint, wormwood, sage, rosemary, and 
origanum; stronger white wine, q. s. to make Oij); 
tonic and stimulant; used externally in fomentations, 
etc. V. aromo-aloet'icum, V. aloes. V. auran'tii (Ph. 
Br.), Orange wine, wine made by fermentation of a 
saccharine solution to which the fresh peel of the bit- 
ter orange has been added. V. benedic'tum, V. anti- 
monii tartarizati. V. campa'num, champagne wine; 
sparkling wine of France; see Wine. V. camphora'- 
tum (Ph. G.), wine of camphor. V. Canari'num, see 
Wine. V. chalybea'tum, Vinum ferri, wine of iron. 
V. cincho'nse compos'itum, V. de kina kina com- 
positum. V. cincho'nise, see Vinum quiniee. V. col'- 
chici, V. col'chici radi'cis (Ph. U. S.), Wine of col- 
chicum, W. of colchicum-root (colchic. rad., ; vini 
albi. fortius, q. s. to make Oij); diuretic, sedative, 
and purgative; chiefly used in gout; dose, npx_xx- 
V. sem'inis, Wine of colchicum-seed (col- 
chic. sem., vini albi fortius, q. s. to make Oij); 
dose, TW,xxx-f. V. crema'tum, brandy. V. diuret'- 
icum ama'rum, Bitter diuretic wine (cort. cinchon., c. 
winteran., limon., aa xjij ; rhois toxicodendr., scillse 
cacumin., angelic®, aa .qss; fol absinth., meliss®, aa 
§j; baccar. junip., macis, aa §ss; vin. alb., Oviij); VIOLA 
stimulant, tonic, and diuretic; dose, V. 
emet'icum, V. antimonii tartarizati. V. er'gotae (Ph. 
U. S.) (ergot., ; vini albi fortius, q. s. to make Oij); 
dose, as a parturifacient, ; for other actions 
of ergot, rtpxxx-f.5j or fjij. V. ferra'tum, V. ferri. 
V. fer'ri, Steel wine, Wine of iron (iron wire, 5,j ; 
sherry wine, Oj imp.; Ph. Br.) ; tonic; dose, 
V. fer'ri ama'rum (Ph. U. S.), bitter wine of iron 
(liquor, ferri et quininae citrat., ; tinct. aurant. 
cort. dulcis, f^iv; syrup., vini albi fort., Oj) ; 
mild chalybeate tonic; dose, V. fer'ri 
citra'tis, Wine of citrate of iron (ferri et ammoniae 
citrat., gr. Ixxx; tinct. aurantii cort. dulcis, f,5v; 
syrup., ; vini albi fortius, f^xxiij); dose, f3j-ij. 
V. gentia'nae, V. gentianse compositum, Compound wine 
of gentian, Wine bitters (rad. gentian, lutae, ; 
cort. cinchon. offic., ; cort. aurant., £ij ; canellae 
alb., 3j; alcohol, dilut., vini alb. Hispanic., 
Oiiss); dose, V. Hippocrat'icum, claret. 
V. Hlspan'icum, see JFtne. V. hordea'ceum, cerevisia. 
V. Hux'hami, vinum antimonii. V. hydato'des, see 
Hydatoid. V. ipecacuan'hse (Ph. U. S.), Wine of 
ipecac, Ipecacuanha wine (extract, ipecac, fluid., f£xx; 
vinialbi fortius, emetic and diaphoretic; 
dose, as emetic, to adults, f3ss-j; as expectorant 
and diaphoretic, Hbx-xxx. V. de ki'na ki'na com- 
pos'itum, Compound bark wine (cort. cinchon., ibss; 
quassise, cort. winteran., cort. aurant., aa 
alcohol., Oj ; vini albi, Ovj); tonic, febrifuge,'sto- 
machic; dose, V. martla'tum, V. ferri. 
V. mar'tis, V. ferri. V. medica'tum, see Claret 
and V. medicinale. V. medicina'le, Medicated wine; 
wine holding in solution one or more medicines. 
Medicinal wines are obtained by macerating or 
digesting medicinal substances in wine. They dif- 
fer, of course, according to the nature of the medi- 
cines employed, the strength of the wine, etc. Few 
officinal wines-Vina medicata-are retained in the 
pharmacopoeias, on account of their proneness to de- 
composition, and their consequent inferiority to tinc- 
tures. Stronger white wine-vinum album fortius- 
is generally adopted in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia as 
the menstruum. See Vinum. V. me'rum, aeratum. 
V. nicotia'nse taba'ci, V. tabaci. V. opia'tum fer- 
mentatio'ne para'tum, laudanum abbatis Rousseau. 
V. o'pli (Ph. U. S.). Wine of opium, Sydenham's lauda- 
num, Ford's laudanum (opii, gr. cccclvj ; cinnam., gr. 
xlv; caryophyll., gr. xlv; vini albi fort., q. s. to make 
up f^x); narcotic; dose, 10 to 20 drops. V. de o'pio 
compos'itum, V. opii. V. pica'tum, pissites. V. 
Portugal'licum, wine of Portugal or of Oporto; port 
wine. A strong astringent wine, not much drunk in 
the United States, but greatly used in England. V. 
qui'niae or V. quini'nae, Wine of quinia or quinine, 
Quinine wine (quininse sulph., gr. xx; acid, citric., 
gr. xxx; vin. aurant., Oj; Ph. Br.); dose, 
according as it is used as a stomachic or to arrest 
ague. Vinum cinchonine may be made in the same 
way. V. rhabar'bari, V. rhei palmati. V. rhe'i 
(Ph. U. S.), Rhubarb wine, Wine of rhubarb (rhei, §iiij; 
calami, gr. cxl; vin. alb. fort., q. s. to make Oij); 
cordial laxative and stimulant; dose, fjij-iv or 
V. rhe'i palma'ti, V. rhei. V. Rhena'- 
num, see Wine. V. ru'brum, V. Portugallicum. V. 
ru'brum Portugal'licum, see Wine. V. scillit'icum 
compos'itum, compound wine of squill. V. stibia'- 
tum, V. antimonii. V. taba'ci, Tobacco wine (tabac., 
3j; vini albi, Oj); narcotic, diuretic, and anti- 
spasmodic; used in dropsical cases, colica pictonum, 
and ileus; dose, gtt. xx to xxx. V. Theba'icum (P. 
Dan.), wine of opium. V. Theba'icum croca'tum (P. 
Dan.), Sydenham's laudanum. V. vera'tri, Wine of 
white hellebore, (veratri, ; vini albi, Oj); in cu- 
taneous affections and gout; dose, ITLx. V. vera'tri 
al'ba, V. veratri. V. Xeren'se or Xer'icum, sherry 
wine; see Vinum album. 
Vi'ola. Sweet violet. Ord. Violaceae; flowers of the 
sweet violet have a pleasant, peculiar odor, but scarcely 
any taste; they are slightly laxative. V. cani'na, 
Dog violet; root of this plant is emetic and cathartic; 
dose, yj. V. cuculla'ta, common native blue violet. 
1157 
VIRGINITY 
V. ipecacuanha, see Ipecacuanha. V. lu'tea, Cheiran- 
thus cheiri. V. mar'tia, viola. V. odora'ta, sweet 
violet of Europe. V. palus'tris, Pinguicola vulgaris. 
V. peda'ta, this indigenous violet, growing from New 
England to Carolina, is regarded by some as a useful 
demulcent in pectoral affections. V. sylves'tris, V. 
canina. V. tri'color (Ph. U. S.), Heart's-ease, Pansy, 
Pensy, Johnny-jump-up, Johnny-jumper. Decoction of 
the plant has been recommended in diseases of the 
skin, etc.; its roots are also emetic and cathartic. 
Violacese, ve-o-las'e-e. Natural order of plants 
growing in the temperate zone, including the viola, 
noisettia, lanvagesia, and the ionidium. The roots 
are supposed to possess emetic properties. • 
Viola'ceous. Violet-like; resembling violets. 
Violaria, ve-o-lah're-ah. Viola. 
Violation, vi-o-la'shun (violo, to deflower, to defile). 
Rape; defloration. See Stuprum. 
Vi'olet. Viola ; rays of visible spectrum possessing 
the highest refrangibility. V. blind'ness, blindness to 
violet rays of light. V., dog, Viola canina. V., dog's 
tooth, Erythronium Americanum. V., sweet, viola. 
Vi'olet-bloom. Solanum dulcamara. 
Vi'olin. Emetico-cathartic principle of Viola tri- 
color and V. odorata. 
Viorna, ve-or'nah. Clematis vital ba. 
Vi'per, Egyptian. Aspis; see Vipera. V., ten- 
inch-long, Echidna ocellata. 
Vi'pera (virus, alive, pario, to bring forth). Syste- 
matic name of the viper. Coluber berus. 
Viperaria, vip-er-ah're-ah (vipera). Aristolochia ser- 
pentaria; scorzonera. 
Vi'pergrass. Scorzonera. 
Viperi'na Virginia'na (vipera). Aristolochia ser- 
pentaria. 
Viperine, vi'per-een. A peculiar principle con- 
tained in the poison of venomous snakes. 
Vi'per's dance. Chorea. 
Vir (man). Aner; homo; penis. V. effoemina'tus, 
an effeminate man. 
Vita. Woman. 
Virago, vir-ag'o (vir, man). A female with a beard. 
Vites (vires, sense) (pl. of Vis, strength). Strength. 
Virescent, vi-res'sent. Having a greenish color, 
shading into or becoming green. 
Virga, vur'gah (rod). Penis. V. au'rea, golden 
rod. V. cetea, bougie. V. cer'ebri, pineal gland. 
Virgate, vur'gate (virga, rod). Long, rod-like, 
straight, twig-like. 
Virgilia, vur-jil'e-ah (after the poet Virgil). Cla- 
dastris tinctoria. V. lutea, see Cladastris tinctoria. 
V. oil, that flowing first from ripe pulp of the olive 
on expression. 
Vir'gin. A female who has never had sexual inter- 
course. Applied also occasionally to the male so cir- 
cumstanced. V. hon'ey, that flowing from honey- 
comb when cut or broken, without the application of 
heat or pressure. Also applied to the honey of young 
bees before they have ever swarmed. V. Mary this'- 
tle, Centaurea benedicta. V. scam'mony, finest qual- 
ity of scammony. 
Vir'ginal (virgo, virgin). External genital organs 
of the virgin. Relating to a virgin, Virginalis. V. gen- 
eration, parthenogenesis. V. mem'brane, hymen. 
Virgina'le claus'trum (a virginal fence). Hymen. 
Virgin'ia cowtlip. Mertensia Virginica. V. 
creep'er, Ampelopsis quinquefolia; a vine of nat. ord. 
Vitacese; indigenous; used as an ornamental vine. In 
medicine has been employed as a tonic and alterative. 
V. dog'wood, Cornus florida. V. lung'wort, Merten- 
sia Virginica. V. poke, Phytolacca decandra. V. 
snaketoot, Aristolochia serpentaria. V. stone'cross, 
Penthorum sedoides; possesses astringent properties, 
and has been used in catarrhal troubles. V. thyme, 
Pycnanthemum linifolium. 
Virginis vitiatio, vur'jin-is vish-e-ah'she-o (viola- 
tion of a virgin). Defloration. 
Virginitas, vur-jin'it-as. Virginity. V. deflora'ta, 
defloration. 
Virginity, vur-jin'it-e. Maidenhood, Maidenhead. 
State of one who has never had carnal commerce. VIRGIN'S BOWER 
Vir'gin's bow'er, com'mon. Clematis vitalba, Cle- 
matis Virginica. V.'s bow'er, sweet-scent'ed, Clema- 
tis ilammula. V.'s bow'er, up'right, Clematis recta. 
V.'s milk, tincture of benjamin or of any other 
balsam, precipitated by the addition of water, which 
gives it a milky appearance; also subacetate of lead 
precipitated by water. It has been used as a cosmetic 
to remove freckles, etc. 
Virgo, vur'go. Virgin. V. au'rea, Solidago vir- 
gaurea. 
Virgula, vur'gu-lah (dim. of Virga, a rod). Penis. 
Virgultum, vir-gul'tum (virga, a rod). Young slen- 
der twig, shoot, or branch. 
Viri, vir'e (plural of Vir). See Fir. 
Viride (vir'id-a) se'ris (green of brass). Cuprisub- 
acetas. V. monta'num, cuprum. 
Viridescent, vir-i-des'cent (viridis, green). Vires- 
cent. 
Viridia, vir-id'e-ah. See Ver at rum viride. 
Viridiflo'rus (viridis, green, flor, flower). Having 
green flowers. Used to denote Melaleuca viridiflora, 
Acerates viridiflora, and other species. 
Viridin, vir'id-in (viridis, green). Name proposed 
for chromule by De Candolle. 
Virile, vir-e'la (vir, man). Penis. 
Virile, vir'il (vir, man). Relating or appertaining 
to man or the adult age. V. age, see Age. V. mem'- 
ber, penis. 
Virilescence, vir-il-es'sence (virilis, vir,man, manly). 
State of the aged female in which she assumes some 
characteristics of the male. 
Virilia, vir-il'e-ah (vir, man). Pudibilia. 
Virilitas, vir-il'it-as. Adult age. See Age. 
Virilita'tis ino'pia. See Impotence. 
Virility, vir-il'it-e. Adult age. Mature manhood. 
See Age. 
Viro'la. Genus of trees including various species 
of nat. ord. Myristicaceee. Natives of S. America, 
grouped with the Myristica by many botanical author- 
ities. V. sebif'era, indigenous to Brazil and Guiana; 
the seeds furnish a solid oil used in making candles. 
The juice of the bark has been used in medicine. 
Virose, vi'rose. Virous. 
Virosus, ve-ro'sus. Virous. 
Vi'rous (virus'). Possessed of noxious properties; 
also having a peculiar nauseous taste and odor. 
Vir'tue. Faculty. 
Vir'tus (power). Faculty; property. V. forma'- 
trix, plastic force. V. plas'tica, plastic force. 
Virulence, vir'u-lence. Malignancy. Intensity of 
action. The specific quality of any virus. See Virus. 
Virulent, vir'u-lent (virus). That which is of the 
nature of virus or which is caused by a virus ; highly 
noxious. 
Vi'rus. A Latin word signifying poison, but hav- 
ing, in medicine, a somewhat different acceptation. 
By it is understood a principle, unknown in its nature 
and inappreciable by the senses, which is the agent 
for the transmission of infectious diseases. Thus we 
speak of the variolic, the vaccine, and the syphilitic 
viruses. Virus differs from venom in the latter being 
a secretion natural to certain animals, while the for- 
mer is the result of a morbid process-a morbid poison. 
V., atten'uated, virus reduced or diluted in such way 
as to diminish its pathogenic force without depriving 
it of its power as a protective against disease. V., 
i'chor, poison; sanies. V., vac'cine, see Vaccina. N. 
vita'le, sperm. 
Vis (allied to Vir, man). Force. V. adhaesio'nis, 
cohesion, force of. V. attractio'nis, cohesion, force 
of. V. auc'ta, sthenia. V. cohaesio'nis, cohesion, 
force of. V. conserva'trix, V. medicatrix naturae. 
V. elas'tica, elasticity. V. essentia'lis, plastic force. 
V. expul'trix, organic force by which, it was sup- 
posed, useless effete materials were removed from 
the body. V. formati'va, plastic force. V. fron'te 
(force from the front), an action exerted from before, 
as that of the capillaries in the circulation of the 
blood. V. genera'trix, generative power. V. im- 
minu'ta, asthenia. V. iner'tiae, inertia. V. in'sita, 
irritability. V. irritabilita'tis, irritability. V. medi- 
1158 
VISION 
ca'trix natu'rse, instinctive healing power in an ani- 
mal or vegetable, by virtue of which it can repair 
injuries inflicted upon it or remove disease. V. men- 
ta'lis, mental power. V. metabol'ica, metabolic force. 
V. mor'tua, term to include mechanical properties 
of membrane-flexibility, extensibility, elasticity, etc. 
-which are totally independent of the vital proper- 
ties. They remain some time after the complete ex- 
tinction of life in all its functions, and seem to be 
connected with the mechanical arrangement of par- 
ticles and the chemical composition of the substances 
in which they reside. V. muscula'ris, muscular 
power. V. nervo'rum, nervous power. V. nervo'sa, 
nervous power. V. plas'tica, plastic force. V. re- 
producti'va, plastic force. V. ter'go (force from 
behind), an action of impulsion or propulsion, as 
that of the heart in the circulation of the blood. V. 
vi'tse, vital force. V. vita'lis, force distinguishing 
living matter from dead; also irritability. V. zo'tica, 
vis vitalis. 
Viscago (vis-kah'go) hehen (viscum, bird-lime). Cu- 
cubalus behen. 
Viscera, vis'ser-ah. Entrails ; uterus ; contents of 
the abdomen. Internal organs of the body. 
Vis'ceral. Splanchnic. V. arches and clefts, four 
narrow elongated apertures in lateral wall of cervical 
portion of embryo, separated by thickenings of the 
wall itself; in fishes they permanently remain dur- 
ing life. V. cav'ity, one of the two great cavities 
which may be said to be enclosed in the arrangement 
of the segments of the skeleton; see Neural cavity. 
V. hypochondri'asis or mel'ancholy, delusions con- 
nected with the abdominal organs, as dread of ob- 
struction of the bowels, etc. V. plates, the lateral 
parts of the middle layer of the embryo lying beyond 
the chorda dorsalis, afterward uniting to form the 
mesial plate. V. por'tion of the pericar'dium, that 
portion of the pericardial sac which is closely at- 
tached to the heart and commencement of the great 
vessels at the base of the heart. V. skel'eton, those 
parts forming the haemal arches-viz. sternum, ribs, 
and costal cartilages. 
Visceral'gia (viscus, algos, pain). Pain in the vis- 
cera. 
VisceraTis. Splanchnic; stomachal; visceral. 
Viscera'tion. Exenterismus. 
Vis'cid (viscum, bird-lime or bird-glue). Sticky; 
adhesive; used to denote semiliquid, glue-like ma- 
terial. 
Viscidity or Viscos'ity. Possessing viscid proper- 
ties. 
Vis'cin (viscum, bird-lime). A viscid, glutinous sub- 
stance in mistletoe, Viscum flavescens, and other 
species of plants. 
Viscoid, vis'koid. Eelating to or resembling bird- 
lime ; also pertaining to or resembling mistletoe. 
Visconia, vis-ko'ne-ah. Physconia. 
Vis'cose. A glue-like material secreted or pro- 
duced by the micrococcus viscosus. 
Vis'cous. Gluey; sticky; viscid. 
Vis'cum. Mistletoe. A parasitic plant growing on 
a number of trees; ord. Loranthacese. That of the 
oak, viscum quercinum, has been most celebrated, 
but it does not differ from the others. It was at one 
time much used in epilepsy and other neuroses, the 
wood or leaves being given in powder. The berries, 
from their supposed virtues, are drastic, and when 
applied externally are maturative. V. al'bum, mis- 
tletoe, consisting of a small evergreen parasitic shrub 
growing in Europe on various trees. V. Capen'se, S. 
African parasitic shrub growing on the stems of sev- 
eral species of Ehus and Euclea. V. flaves'cens, Yel- 
low or Yellowish mistletoe, indigenous, has been given 
in the same cases as viscum album. V. verticilla'- 
tum, V. flavescens. 
Viscus, vis'kus. Any internal organ of the body. 
See Viscera. 
Visibility (video, visum, to see). Term applied to 
anything capable of being seen. 
Visio, viz'e-o. Pupil; vision. 
Vision, vizh'un (video, visum, to see). Sight. The VISMIA 
action of seeing. The sight is one of the five senses, 
and the eye is its organ. By it we distinguish colors 
and appreciate most of the physical qualities of ex- 
ternal objects. The eye is composed of different 
transparent media, whose curvatures and refractive 
powers are so combined as to render insensible the 
aberrations of sphericity and refrangibility, and to 
concentrate the numerous rays proceeding from more 
or less distant objects. These rays traverse, succes- 
sively, the transparent cornea, the aqueous humor, 
the crystalline, and the vitreous humor, striking upon 
the retina, on which they impress the figure of the 
object whence they have proceeded; and, in order 
that no obscurity may arise from the reflections, 
which might otherwise occur, the anterior of the eye 
is lined by a membrane-the choroid-which is itself 
covered internally by a dark pigment. This absorbs 
the light, like the dark pigment in the interior of 
telescopes, and thus obviates confusion. V., binoc'- 
ular, see Binocular. V., cen'tral, when image is 
formed upon the macula lutea. V. for col'or, chro- 
matic visual sense. V., col'ored, chromopsia. V., 
defective or depraved', dysopsia. V., dichro'mic, 
dichromism; achromatopsia. V., direct', perception 
from image formed at macula lutea. V., distort'ed, 
metamorphopsia. V., doub'le, diplopia. V., field of, 
the limit of indirect vision when the visual axis is 
fixed upon one point. V. for form, acuity of vision 
with white light. V., indirect', perception from 
image formed at other points on the retina than the 
macula lutea. V., irides'cent, chromopsia. V., 
man'ifold, polyopsia. V., mul'tiple, polyopsia. V., 
peripheral, when image is formed upon the retina 
peripherally, and not upon the macula lutea. V., 
pur'ple, see Rhodopsin. N., sin'gle, see Binocular. 
V., treb'le, triplopia. 
Vismia Guianensis, vis'me-ah gi-an-en'sis (after Vis- 
me, merchant-botanist of Lisbon). Hypericum Gui- 
anense. V. longifo'lia, small tree, native of Brazil; a 
yellow, purgative resin is obtained from it. 
Visnomy, vis'no-me. Physiognomy. 
Visorium organum, vis-o're-um or'gan-um {video, 
visum, to see). The eye. 
Viso'rius. Visual. 
Visual, vizh'u-al. Concerning the sight or belong- 
ing to vision. V. an'gle, the angle formed by th.e 
crossing of two rays, proceeding from opposite points 
of any body, in their passage from the pupil. It is 
by the size of this angle that we judge, to a certain 
extent, of the dimensions of objects. V. mem'ory, 
memory by objects seen in the mind's eye of the in- 
sane. V. rays, lines of light proceeding from any 
object to the eye. 
Visus, ve'zus (video, visum, to see). Vision. V. 
ac'rior, nyctalopia. V. ac'ris, sharpness of vision. 
V. bre'vior, myopia. V. colora'tus, chromopsia. V. 
debil'itas, asthenopia. V. decol'or, achromatopsia. 
V. defigura'tus, metamorphopsia. V. dimidia'tus, 
hemiopia. V. diur'nus, hemeralopia. K. duplica'- 
tus, diplopia. V. hebetu'do, amblyopia. V. juve'- 
num, myopia. V. lon'gior, presbytia. V. lu'cidus, 
photopsia. V. musca'rum, see Metamorphopsia. V. 
nebulo'sus, nebula. V. noctur'nus, nyctalopia. V. 
phantas'matum, metamorphopsia. V. reticula'tus, 
perception of muscse volitantes in shape of fine or 
coarse network. V. seni'lis, presbytia. V. trip'lex, 
triplopia. 
Vita, ve'tah. Life. V. pro'pria, irritability. 
Vitaceae, vit-as'se-e. A natural order of plants 
abounding in mild and warm zones of both hemi- 
spheres, of which the most important member is the 
Vitis or grapevine. 
Vi'tal (vita, life). Relating or appertaining to life. 
V. air, term sometimes applied to oxygen gas. V. 
capac'ity, Pulmonic or Lung or Breathing capacity; a 
term employed by Dr. Hutchinson to designate the 
number of cubic inches of air which a person can 
forcibly expire after a full inspiration. He found 
that for every inch of height-from five feet to six- 
eight additional cubic inches of air can be given out 
by a forced expiration. The quantity, however, is 
1159 
VITILIGO 
influenced also by weight and age. See Respiration. 
The average vital capacity for the male adult (Eng- 
lishman) is 3770 (Hutchinson); the estimate for the 
Continent is less, about 3200 (Rosenthal); women, 2500. 
In middle life, at 35, the vital capacity reaches its 
maximum and then decreases. Between 50-60 years 
great variations occur, so that no regularity can be 
established (Wintrich). V. cen'tre, see Centrum vitale. 
V. dynamics, see Dynamic. N. force, vis vitalis. V. 
functions, see Function. "V. point, see Centrum vitale. 
V. principle, Vital flame; the unknown principle 
which, in association with matter, as in organized 
bodies, controls its manifestations and properties, and 
distinguishes organized matter from the inorganic. 
V. properties, see Properties. V. statistics, statis- 
tics, medical. V. vor'tex, life. 
Vital'ba (®itis, vine, albus, white). Clematis vitalba. 
Vitalism, vi'tal-ism (vita, life). The doctrine of 
the vitalist, who ascribes every function of the organ- 
ism to the direct agency of a vital principle or force. 
Vi'talist. See Fitaiism. 
Vitality. Vital principle or force. Vital action 
or movement. It is said to be dormant when the 
actions or movements of an organized body are so 
obscure as not to be perceptible unless under circum- 
stances favorable for their manifestation. 
Vitalize, vi'tal-ize. To give life to any part or body. 
Vi'tals. Parts that are necessary for life-the 
heart, lungs, and nervous centres more especially. 
Vitel'lary. Vitelline. V. mem'brane, zona pel- 
lucida. 
Vitellif'erous (vitellus, yolk of egg, fero, to bear). 
Having or possessing a vitellus. 
Vitellin. A natural proteid belonging to the Glob- 
ulins. Principal proteid contained in yolk of egg, 
resembling casein. 
Vitelline (vitellus, the yolk of an egg). Vitellary. 
Appertaining to or resembling the vitellus or yolk. 
Also the yolk membrane. A modification of albu- 
men found in the yolk of egg. See Vesicula umbilica- 
lis. V. apoph'ysis, see V. pedicle. V. cavity, late- 
bra. V. disk, proligerous disk. V. duct, see Vesicula 
umbilicalis. V. fluid, see Vesicula umbilicalis. N. 
pedicle, the pedicle attaching the umbilical vesicle 
to the embryo; see Vesicula umbilicalis. V. pouch, 
vesicula umbilicalis. V. sac, the sac containing the 
yolk. V. veins, omphalomesenteric veins. V. ves'- 
sels, see Omphalomesenteric. 
Vitellinus, vit-el-le'nus (vitellus'). Term used to 
denote deep or reddish-yellow color, the color of the 
yolk. 
Vitellomesenterlc. Omphalomesenteric. 
Vitello'ses. Products formed by action of gastric, 
pancreatic, and intestinal juices upon phytovitellin. 
Vitellum o'vi. The yolk of an egg. See Ovum. 
Vitellus formati'vus. Germinal yolk ; formative 
yolk. V. nutriti'vus, nutritive yolk. V. o'vi, see 
Ovum. 
Vi'tex. The chaste tree. The seeds, when fresh, 
have a fragrant smell and an acrid, aromatic taste. 
Formerly they were celebrated as antaphrodisiacs. 
Vi'ti sal'tus. St. Vitus's dance; chorea. 
Vitia (pl. of Vitium) primse conformationis, vish'- 
e-ah pre'me kon-for-mah-she-o'nis. See Monster. 
Vitia'tio (vitio, to violate). Violation. SeeStuprum. 
Vitiation, vish-e-a'shun (vitio, to make foul). The 
corruption or contamination of anything; especially 
applied to air and water. Violation. 
Viticula, vit-ik'u-lah. A trailing vine or stem. 
Viticulose, vit-ik'u-lose. Term applied to plants 
possessing trailing vines or stems. 
Vitiliglnes (pl. of Vitiligo). Ephelides; line® 
albicantes. 
Vitiligo, vit-il-e'go (vitulus, a calf, hence calfskin). 
Achroma; herpes exedens ; lepra; porrigo decalvans. 
V. al'ba gra'vior, lepra maculosa. V. al'ba le'vior, 
V. alphos. V. al'phus, lepra alphoides. V. cap'itis, 
alopecia areata. V. congenita'lis, incomplete al- 
binism. V. gra'vior, lepra. V. hepat'ica, chloasma 
hepaticum. V. me'las, lepra nigricans. V. ni'gra, 
lepra nigricans. VITILIGOID 
Vitil'igoid (vitiligo, eidos). Like or resembling 
vitiligo. 
Vitiligoi'dea (vitiligo, eidos, resemblance). A dis- 
ease of the skin, so called from resembling the vitiligo 
of Willan. It appears under two forms: either as 
tubercles-V. tuberosa-varying from the size of a 
pin's head to that of a large pea, isolated or confluent; 
or as yellow patches of irregular outline, slightly ele- 
vated and with but little hardness-V. plana. 
Vi'tis al'basylves'tris. Bryonia alba. V. apyr'e- 
na, see V. Corinthiaca. V. cordifo'lia, a vine-like 
shrub indigenous to United States; frost-grape. V. 
Corinthi'aca, ord. Vitacese; this plant affords cur- 
rants, the dried fruit of Corinthiaca or Vitis apyrena, 
and are similar in their properties to raisins. V. idse'a 
myrtil'lus, Vaccinium myrtillus. V. idse'a palus'- 
tris, Vaccinium oxycoccos. V. idse'a puncta'ta, 
Vaccinium vitis idsea. V. labrus'ca, Northern fox- 
grape ; indigenous; by cultivation the Concord and 
Catawba varieties have been produced from it. V. 
sati'va, V. vinifera. V. vinif'era, Grapevine, Vine; 
vine, leaves, and tendrils have an astringent taste; 
formerly used in diarrhoea, hemorrhage, etc. The 
juice or sap, called lacryma, has been recommended in 
calculous disorders and in cases of chronic ophthal- 
mia. The juice of the unripe fruit is called verjuice. 
The grape, when ripe, is a wholesome, delicious fruit, 
and when dried forms the Uvte passes majores, U. sole 
siccatee, Uvapassa (Ph. U. S.), Vvee (Ph. Br.), Raisins. 
These are subacidulous, sweet, and mucilaginous, and 
are demulcent and nutritive. V. vulpi'na, Southern 
fox-grape, native of Southern United States; musca- 
dine. These grapes are large, purple, and have the 
odor of musk somewhat. 
Vitium, vish'e-um. Disease. V. cadu'cum, epi- 
lepsy. V. conformatio'nis, a disease or fault of con- 
formation. V. divi'num, epilepsy. V. hercule'um, 
epilepsy. V. scrophulo'sum, scrofula. 
Vitraria, vit-rah're-ah. Parietaria. 
Vitreocapsulitis, vit-re-o-kap-su-le'tis (vitreo, ap- 
pertaining to vitreous humor, capsulitis, inflammation 
of the capsule). Hyalitis. 
Vitreous, vit're-us (vitrum). Hyaline. V., artific'- 
ial, a glass globule inserted by certain operators after 
evisceration of the eye to preserve the form of the 
eyeball. V. bod'y, corpus vitreum. V. cham'ber, 
see Chamber. "V. degeneration, atheroma or disease 
of the innermost coat of arteries. V. hu'mor, corpus 
vitreum. V. hu'mor of the ear, endolymph. V. in- 
filtration, small degenerative patches of inner layer 
of choroid, impinging upon a perforating retina. On 
ophthalmoscopic examination they appear as minute 
pinkish or yellowish patches. V. ta'ble of the skull, 
see Table. 
Vitreus, vit're-us. Hyaline. 
Vitrifac'tion. Vitrification. 
Vitrification, vit-re-fik-a'shun (vitrum, glass, facia, 
to make). The conversion of mineral materials into 
glass; vitrefying or changing into glass. 
Vitrina auditoria, vit-re'nah aud-i-to're-ah. Endo- 
lymph. V. ocula'ris, fluid draining away from the 
vitreous body when placed upon a filter. 
Vitrine auditive, vit'reen o-dit-eve (Fr.). Endo- 
lymph, Liquor or Fluid of Scarpa, Vitreous humor of the 
ear. The fluid contained in the membranous laby- 
rinth of the ear, so called from its resemblance to the 
vitreous humor of the eye. 
Vitriol, vit're-ol (vitrum, glass). Ferri sulphas. 
V., ac'id of, sulphuric acid. V., blue, cupri sulphas. 
V., green, ferri sulphas. V., oil of, old term for sul- 
phuric acid. V., Ro'man, cupri sulphas. V., white, 
zinci sulphas. 
Vit'riolated so'da. Sulphate of sodium. V. tar'- 
tar, sulphate of potassium. 
Vitriolic (vit-re-ol'ik) ac'id. Sulphuric acid. 
Vitriolum album, vit-re'o-lum al'bum. Zinci sul- 
phas. V. ammoniaca'le, ammonii sulphas. V. 
cseru'leum, cupri sulphas. V. cu'pri, cupri sulphas. 
V. cyp'rium, cupri sulphas. V. fer'ri, ferri sulphas. 
V. Goslarien'se, zinci sulphas. V. mar'tis, ferri sul- 
phas. V. Roman'um, cupri sulphas. V. ven'eris, 
1160 
VOICE 
cupri sulphas. V. vir'ide, ferri sulphas. V. zin'ci, 
zinci sulphas. 
Vitrodentine, vit-ro-den'teen (vitrum, dens, tooth). 
The superficial layer of the true dentine in fishes, 
taking the place of the enamel. 
Vitrosus, vit-ro'sus. Vitreous. 
Vit'rum. Glass. Glass coarsely powdered has been 
sometimes used to remove specks of the cornea. The 
saline scum which swims on glass when first made 
has been used in tooth-powders; it is called Sandiver, 
Glass gall, Fel ventri, etc. V. antimo'nii, see Anti- 
monii vitrum. V. hypoclep'ticum, a surgical instru- 
ment for separating the pericranium from the skull. 
V. ocula're, see Spectacles. V. sublimato'rium, aludel. 
Vit'ta. Bandelette; caul. 
Vittaria ceterach, vit-tah're-ah set'er-ak (vitta, a 
band, a fillet). Asplenium ceterach. 
Vit'tie vayr. Andropogon muricatus. 
Vit'ulary fe'ver. Parturient apoplexy; Parturient 
fever. A fatal disease occurring in connection with 
parturition in cows, characterized by tendency to con- 
gestion of the brain, apoplexy, etc. 
Vi'tus's dance, St. Chorea. 
Vivacious, viv-a'shus. Having a lively, animated 
disposition ; tenacious regarding life, capable of lon- 
gevity; botanically, perennial. 
Vivarium, viv-ah're-um. Aquarium. 
Viver'ra civet'ta. See Civetta. V. zibe'thi, zibeth 
of Southern Asia; produces some of the civet of com- 
merce. 
Vivianite, viv'e-an-ite. Hydrous iron phosphate, 
occurring in deep-blue or green crystals. 
Vivip'arous (virus, alive, pario, to bring forth). An 
epithet applied to animals whose young are brought 
forth detached, without requiring to be hatched, as in 
the oviparous. The condition may be termed vivip- 
arous. See Generation. 
Viviparousness, vi-vip'ar-us-ness. See Viviparous. 
Vivipa'tion. That mode of generation in which 
the ovum on leaving the ovary attaches itself to the 
maternal organs and thus develops until the time of 
birth. 
Vivisectio, viv-e-sek'she-o (virus, alive, seco, to cut). 
Vivisection. 
Vivisection, viv-e-sek'shun (virus, alive, seco, to cut). 
The act of opening or dissecting living animals ; one 
who performs vivisections is a Vivisector. 
Vleminckx (vlem'inks), solu'tion of. See Calcis 
sulphur etum. 
Vo-and'zeia subterra'nea. A creeping herb of 
Africa, cultivated for its seeds and pods, which are 
used as food. 
Vo'cal (vox, vocis, voice). Oral. V. cords, see Cords, 
vocal. V. frem'itus, see Fremitus. V. lig'aments, see 
Cords, vocal. V. tube, see Tube, vocal. 
Voca'lis. Vocal. Vowel. 
Vociferatio, vo-sif-er-ah'she-o. Exercise of the 
voice; vociferation. 
Vogt, an'gle of. Angle included between the alve- 
olo-nasal and nasobasilar lines. 
Voice (voco, to call). An appreciable sound produced 
by the air when it is driven from the lungs, throwing 
the inferior ligaments of the glottis into vibration. 
The function by which this is effected has been called 
phonation. It is a function of animal life, and in 
other animals than man is limited to the production 
of the simple or instinctive voice, as it is in the 
idiot; but in intellectual man it becomes much more 
complicated and articulated, an evidence of his intel- 
lectual superiority. V., artic'ulated, Speech; voice 
produced by the glottis, modified by the motions of 
the tongue, lips, and other parts of the vocal tube. 
Most physiologists agree in regarding the glottis, or 
the space between the thyreo-arytenoid ligaments plus 
the ligaments themselves, as the part where vocal 
sounds are formed. The glottis and its ligaments 
with the vocal tube, or the space which the sound 
has to traverse after it is produced in the glottis, is 
regarded as a reed instrument like the clarionet, the 
inferior ligaments of the glottis constituting the reed. 
In speech, as ordinarily effected, the tongue, lips, VO LA 
teeth, etc. are concerned, but it has been accom- 
plished after the tongue has been removed. In such 
cases the articulated voice must have been pro- 
duced in the glottis alone, or in it aided by an obscure 
action of the parts above it. The singing voice is not 
limited to the larynx; the pharynx would seem to be 
concerned also. The notes produced in the latter 
have been termed supralaryngeal, or notes of the sec- 
ond register. They constitute the pharyngeal voice, 
falsetto or faucette voice. The laryngeal voice, or 
voice of the first register, chest voice, is the Voce di 
petto (I.), Voix de poitrine (Fr.). The laryngeal voice, 
which is always more elevated, by an octave, in the 
female than in the male, furnishes types called so- 
prano, alto or contralto, tenore, and basso. The first 
two belong to the female voice; the last two to the 
male. The baritone is between the bass and tenor. 
V., bleat'ing, egophony. V., cav'ernous, pectorilo- 
quy. V., chest, see Voice, articulated. V., chol'eric, 
peculiar husky voice of those affected with cholera. 
V., convul'sive, neurosis of the voice, consisting in 
the production of discordant sounds-acute and 
grave-which cannot be brought to the natural 
tones by any act of volition. It seems to be caused by 
disordered contraction of the muscles of the larynx. 
V., falset'to, see Voice. V., goat's, egophony. V., 
larynge'al, laryngophony; see Voice. V., pharyn- 
ge'al, see Voice. V., trache'al, laryngophony. 
Vo'la. Palm. V. ma'nus, palm. V. pe'dis, sole. 
Vo'lar (vola, the palm). Relating to the palm of 
the hand. 
Volatica, vo-lat'ik-ah (volo, to fly). Lichen. 
Vol'atile. Term applied to any substance evapo- 
rating quickly. V. al'kali, ammonia. V. lin'iment, 
ammonia liniment. V. oil, volatile principle existing 
in organic and inorganic nature, found in cells or free 
upon the surface of various flowers and plants. It is 
soluble in alcohol, and is split up into stearopten and 
elteopten by cold. V. oil of mus'tard, a very pun- 
gent oil made by macerating black mustard with 
water and subsequent distillation of the liquid. V. 
salt, carbonate of ammonia. 
Volatilization, vol-a-til-i-za'shun (volo, to fly). Op- 
eration of reducing volatilizable substances into gas 
or vapor. 
Volatisatio, vol-at-iz-ah'she-o (volo, to fly). Vola- 
tilization. 
Volition, vo-lish'un (volo, to will). The act of will- 
ing. 
Volitional, vo-lish'un-al. Relating to volition. 
Thus, muscles may be moved by a volitional or by 
an emotional impulse. 
Volk'mann's canals. Vascular canals of cortical 
layers of bone having no surrounding Haversian 
system. 
Vol'nus. Wound. 
Volsel'la (vello, to pluck). Forceps; tweezers for 
extracting hairs. 
Volt. Unit of measurement of electro-motive 
force. V. am'pere, the quantity of pressure attained 
by an ampere current with electro-motor force of one 
volt. It equals 44.2 foot-pounds per minute. V. bat'- 
tery, the galvanic battery. V. electric'ity, galvanic 
electricity. V. pile, the primitive galvanic battery, 
consisting of zinc and copper plates, each pair sepa- 
rated by flannel moistened with strong salt solution. 
These were piled one upon the other; hence the 
name. 
Voltaic, vol-ta'ik (aftar Volta, Italian scientist). 
Relating to voltaism. V. arc, the arc of light at the 
junction of carbons in the arc light. 
Voltaism, vol'tah-izm. Galvanism. 
Voltam'eter. Instrument originally invented by 
Faraday for registering the strength of electrical cur- 
rents by means of observing the degree of chemical re- 
action produced. Thus, the water voltameter measures 
the volume of hydrogen and oxygen generated by 
electrolysis of water, while Edison's voltameter regis- 
ters the amount of copper going from anode to cath- 
ode during the activity of the current. The latter 
instrument has also been termed a Coulombmeter. 
1161 
VOMITING 
Volta's laws. I. The difference of potential be- 
tween any two metals equals the sum of differences 
of potentials between intervening metals in a contact 
series. If. The total electro-motive force of a series 
of cells arranged as a galvanic battery equals the 
electro-motive force of one cell multiplied by the 
number of cells. 
Volt'meter. The instrument for measuring the 
strength of the current between any two points in a 
voltaic circuit, the strength being registered in volts. 
It is simply a galvanometer of high resistance. Also 
termed potential galvanometer. 
Voltolini's (vol-to-le'ne's) disease'. A disease of 
childhood characterized by acute cerebral symptoms 
and followed by deafness. 
Vol'tus. Countenance; face. 
Vol'uble (volvo, to roll). Botanically, a spiral twist- 
ing around anything. 
Vol'ume. Space occupied by any substance; the 
cubic measurement of anything. Gases combine 
with each other in definite volumes; that is, in simple 
proportion of their volumes. Thus, one volume of a 
certain gas will combine chemically with one, two, 
three, etc. times its own volume, and in no other 
proportion. 
Volumetric, vol-u-met'rik (volume, metron, measure). 
Relating to the measurement of volumes, as the volu- 
metric method of analysis for the urine, the principle 
of which consists in adding to a known quantity of 
urine the exact amount of a test liquid required to 
precipitate the whole of anyone ingredient contained 
in it. It is frequently employed for the determina- 
tion of the chlorine, urea, phosphoric and sulphuric 
acids, and sugar of the urine. 
Voluntary, vol'un-ta-re (voluntas, will). Relating 
to the will, as voluntary muscles-muscles which act 
in obedience to the will and produce voluntary move- 
ments. 
Volun'tas (volo, to will). Will or desire. V. de- 
seden'di, desire to go to stool. 
Volute' (volvo, to roll). Term applied to anything 
convoluted or rolled up. 
Vol'va. Vulva. 
Vol'vate. Pertaining to or possessing a vulva. 
Volvulus, vol'vu-lus (volvo, to roll). Ileus. V. in- 
testino'rum, intussusception. 
Vomen'di cona'men ina'ne (vain effort at vomit- 
ing). Vomiturition. 
Vo'mer (ploughshare). Ploughshare hone. One of 
the facial bones, so called from its resemblance. It is 
an azygous bone forming the posterior part of the 
septum narium. It is thin, flat, and quadrilateral; 
articulated, below, to the superior maxillary and pal- 
atine bones; above, to the sphenoid, ethmoid, and 
cornets of Bertin. Also the penis. 
Vomerine, vom'er-een. Pertaining to the vomer. 
Vomica, vom'ik-ah (vomo, to vomit, to cast up.) 
Term used by some authors for any encysted collec- 
tion of purulent matter in the interior of a viscus. It 
is commonly, however, restricted to a purulent col- 
lection in the lungs, encysted or not, which may be 
discharged by the mouth, by breaking into the bron- 
chial tubes. Two kinds are distinguished: one 
caused by the softening or breaking down of pul- 
monary tubercles; the other, more rare, by a circum- 
scribed abscess of the lungs. Instead of opening into 
the bronchia, the abscess is sometimes discharged into 
the pleural cavity, causing empyema. 
Vomicene, vom'is-een. Brucine. 
Vom'icus (same etymon). Relating to vomiting. 
Used also in the same sense as vomica. See Vomica. 
Vom'it (vomo, to vomit). Emetic. V., black, fever, 
yellow; melsena. V., dry, of Mar'riott, a once-cele- 
brated emetic, called dry from its having been given 
without solution. It consisted of equal portions of 
tartrate of antimony and potassium and copper sul- 
phate. 
Vomitine, vom'it-een. Emetine. 
Vom'iting. Spewing, Puking, Sickness of the stomach 
(although the latter expression may mean nausea only). 
Act by which solids and liquids contained in the VOMITIO 
stomach are ejected by the mouth. Vomiting is the 
effect of some special irritation of the gastric nerves, 
calling, by reflex action, on the appropriate muscles 
to expel the contents of the stomach. It is not accom- 
plished solely by the contraction of the stomach, as 
was for a long time believed. That organ, indeed, 
assists, but the main cause is the compression exerted 
upon the parietes of the stomach by the diaphragm 
and abdominal muscles. Vomiting is at times sym- 
pathetic, as in affections of the kidney, uterus, brain, 
etc.; at others symptomatic, as in gastritis, peritoni- 
tis, etc. When very troublesome it may often be 
palliated by effervescent draughts, aromatics, sina- 
pisms, or blisters to the epigastric region, etc. V. of 
blood, hsematemesis. V. at pleas'ure, regurgitation. 
V., stercora'ceous, vomiting of faeces. 
Vomitio, vom-ish'e-o. Vomiting. V. san'guinis, 
vomiting of blood; see Heematemesis. 
Vomition, vom-ish'un. Vomiting. 
Vomitium, vom-ish'e-um. Vomiting. 
Vomito nigro, vom'it-o ne'gro. Black vomit. Also 
yellow fever. 
Vomitorium, vom-it-o're-um. Emetic. 
Vom'itory. Emetic. 
Vom'itum. Vomiting. 
Vomiturition, vom-it-u-rish'un. Retching, Reaching, 
Heaving. Reversal of action of the stomach, leading 
to ineffectual efforts to vomit. Some authors usually 
mean by this term a vomiting of but little matter; 
sometimes that which is effected almost without ef- 
fort. 
Vomitus, vom'it-us (romo, vomitum, to vomit). 
Vomiting. V. cruen'tus, vomiting of blood. V. 
fseculen'tus, vomiting of fecal matter. V. mari'nus, 
sea-sickness. V. navigan'tium, sea-sickness. V. 
ni'ger, yellow fever. V. pituito'sus, vomiting of 
mucus. V. profu'sus, hyperemesis. V. purulen'tus, 
vomiting of purulent matter. V. san'guinis, vomit- 
ing of blood. V. stercora'ceus or ster'coris, vomit- 
ing of fecal matter. 
Voora'ra. Curare. 
Voracity (vo-ras'it-e) or Voraciousness, vo-ra'shus- 
ness. Greed for food. Boulimia. 
Vor'tex of the heart. A peculiar arrangement of 
the superficial muscular fibres of the ventricle, con- 
sisting of a coiling inward at the apex of the heart, 
around which they are arranged in a whorl-like form 
or vortex. V., vi'tal (vital whirlpool), life. 
Vortices lentes, vor'tis-ees len'tees. A penniform 
or whorled appearance presented by the peculiar ar- 
rangement of the radiated fibres of the crystalline 
lens. 
Vo'tive tab'let (votum, vow). A tablet hung up as 
an offering in the ancient temples by the sick, de- 
scriptive of their diseases and mode of cure, or by 
those who had been preserved from some calamity. 
Vouacapou'a America'na. Geoffrea inermis. 
Vow'el {vox, voice). Physiologically, a continuous 
breath or sound, produced in the glottis, but more or 
less modified by the form of the vocal tube, through 
which it has to pass. In the - English language 
a, e, i, o, u, w, and y are vowels. 
Vox. Voice. V. abscis'sa, aphonia. V. choler'i- 
ca, voice, choleric. V. clandesti'na, whispering. V. 
clango'sa, shrill and squalling voice, as in some affec- 
tions of the larynx. V. nasa'lis, speaking through 
the nose. V. rau'ca, raucedo, raucous voice. V. 
rauciso'na, raucous voice. 
Voy'ra. Genus of herbs belonging to the Gentiana- 
cese, growing in tropical America. V. ro'sea, species 
cultivated in Guiana for the roots, which are cooked 
and eaten like potatoes. 
Vulcanite (vul'kan-ite), den'tal (Vulcan, god office). 
A compound of caoutchouc and sulphur or sulphur 
compounds, used in the formation of plates for arti- 
1162 
VULVOVAGINAL 
ficial teeth, etc. The formation of vulcanite is termed 
Vulcanisation. 
Vulcaniza'tion. The formation of vulcanite by 
means of adding sulphur to caoutchouc under the in- 
fluence of heat. 
Vul'canized caout'chouc. A variety of caout- 
chouc used in the manufacture of surgical appliances. 
It is prepared by combining sulphur with ordinary 
caoutchouc under the action of heat. It is thus made 
less liable to the action of liquids, and also preserves 
its elasticity under changes of temperature to a much 
greater extent than the ordinary article. 
Vulcanizer, vul'kan-i-zur. Name of apparatus used 
in vulcanization. 
Vul'canizing. Vulcanization. 
Vulg. Abbreviation for Vulgar iter, meaning com- 
monly. 
Vul'ga. Vulva. 
Vulga'ris (vulgus, common people). Commonplace; 
vulgar; ordinary. 
Vulnera sclopetaria, vul'ner-ah sklop-et-ah're-ah 
(pl. of Vulnus and Sclopetum, gun). See Sclope- 
tarius and Wound. V. sclopet'ica, see Sclopetarius 
and Wound. V. a sclope'tis, see Sclopetarius and 
Wound. 
Vulnera'ria a'qua. Any lotion assisting the heal- 
ing of a wound. 
Vulnerarius, vul-ner-ah're-us. Traumatic. 
Vulnerary, vul'ner-a-re (vulnus, wound). Eelating 
to a wound. Traumatic. A name applied by the an- 
cients to medicines or plants which they considered 
capable of favoring the consolidation of wounds. 
Vulneratio nervi, vul-ner-ah'she-o ner've (vulnero, 
to wound). W'ounding of a nerve. 
Vul'nerum vinctura, vink-tu'rah. Binding of 
wounds. Deligation. 
Vul'nus. Wound. V. lacera'tum, see Laceration. 
V. sclopeta'rium, w'ound, gunshot. V. sclopet'- 
icum, wound, gunshot. V. sim'plex, cut. 
Vulnusculum, vul-nus'ku-lum (dim. of Vulnus). 
Wound. 
Vul'pis mor'bus (disease of the fox). Alopecia. 
Vulsel'lum for'ceps (vello, to pluck). See Forceps 
(vulsellum). 
Vul'tus. Countenance; face. V. tetri'cus et mces- 
tus, of a gloomy, depressed countenance, of bad 
augury in serious diseases. 
Vul'va. Female pudendum, Female organs of gener- 
ation, Female parts, Shape. A longitudinal opening 
between the projecting parts of the external organs 
of generation in the female, extending from the mons 
veneris to the perineum; called, also, fossa magna. 
Some anatomists mean by this term the whole of the 
external genital organs of the female; that is, mons 
veneris, labia majora, and the cleft or vestibule sepa- 
rating them, the clitoris, nymphse, meatus urinarius, 
entrance of the vagina, with the hymen or the carun- 
culae myrtiformes, fossa navicularis, and fourchette. 
Also the uterus, especially of animals. V. cer'ebri, 
an opening at the junction of the optic thalami in 
the third ventricle of the brain and immediately 
beneath the anterior crus of the fornix. 
Vul'var. Eelating to the vulva. The external 
pudic arteries are so called because they are distrib- 
uted to the vulva. V. her'nia, pudendal hernia. 
Vulvaria, vul-vah're-ah. Chenopodium vulvaria. 
Vulvismus, vul-viz'mus. Vaginismus. 
Vulvitis, vul-ve'tis (vulva, itis). Inflammation of 
the vulva. V. blennorrhag'ica, profuse mucopuru- 
lent discharge from the vulvar mucous membrane. 
Vulvo-uterine, vul'vo-u'ter-in. Eelating or apper- 
taining to the vulva and uterus. V.-u. canal', vagina. 
Vulvovagi'nal. Eelating or appertaining to the 
vulva and vagina. V. glands, Cowper's glands in the 
female. WABRAN 
1163 
WATER 
w. 
Wa'bran or Way'bread. Plantago. 
Wach'endorf ' s mem'brane. Membrane of the 
pupil of the eye of the foetus, which undergoes atro- 
phy about the seventh month of foetal life. 
Wad. Graphites. 
Wa'fer ash or tree. Ptelea trifoliata. 
Wag'ner, cor'puscles of. Corpuscula tactus. W., 
ves'icles of, see Molecule. 
Wagne'rian spot. See Molecule. 
Wahoo'. See Euonymus. 
Wair. See Pila marina. 
Waist'coat, strait. A dress used for restraining 
maniacs or those laboring under violent delirium. It 
has long sleeves, which are tied behind the body, so 
that the arms cannot be extricated from them. It 
ought, of course, to be made of very resisting mate- 
rials. 
Wake'fulness. Insomnia. 
Wake'robin. Arum maculatum; Trillium latifo- 
lium. 
Wal'cheren fever. Form of remittent fever at one 
time prevalent in Walcheren, the most western of the 
islands of the Netherlands. 
Walida. Wrightia antidysenterica. 
Walk'ing. The action by which we change place 
by means of a succession of steps in the same direc- 
tion. In walking forward the centre of gravity is 
constantly altered, and a series of small parabolic 
curves is described on the heads of the thigh-bones, 
the extent of which is regulated by volition under 
the guidance of vision. 
Walle'rlan degenera'tion. The degeneration 
which nerves undergo after separation from their 
trophic centres. W. law of degenera'tion, a nerve 
on being separated from its trophic centre degener- 
ates in the direction in which it normally carries im- 
pulses. 
Wall'eyed. Applied to a horse not perfectly white 
or cream-colored which has a white iris. Also ap- 
plied to eyes having gray or white irises or leucoma 
of the cornea. 
Wall'flower. Cheirauthus cheiri. 
Wall-pel'litory. An herb, Parietaria officinalis; 
has diuretic and refrigerant virtues. 
Wall'pepper. Sedum acre, common in the Eastern 
States. 
Wall'rue. Asplenium ruta muraria. 
Wall'teeth. Molar teeth. 
Wal'nut. Juglans regia. W., black, Juglans regia. 
W. oil, see Aleurites triloba. W. oil, Span'ish, see 
Aleurites triloba. W., white, Juglans cinerea. 
Wal'ther, an'gle of. Angle between lines drawn 
from forehead to root of nose, and through occipital 
protuberance and crista galli to intersect the first. 
W., duct of, see Sublingual gland. 
Walthe'ria America'na (after A. F. Walther, med- 
ical professor at Leipsic). Native of Surinam having 
doubtful febrifuge properties. W. douradin'ha, a 
plant of Brazil, ord. Sterculiacese, used in diseases of 
the chest and in venereal affections. It is a demul- 
cent. 
Wam'bles. An old name for milk-sickness, 
Wampee. Peltandra Virginica. 
Wan'dering cells. See Amoeboid. 
Wang. The cheek. W. teeth, molar teeth. 
Want. Imperious necessity which impels us to 
take food, drink, etc. See Hunger and Thirst. In 
a more general sense the impression transmitted by 
the organs to the brain when it is necessary that 
they should act. Such wants are called instinctive 
desires and internal sensations or stimuli. Such are 
the desires or wants to eat, drink, void the urine, 
breathe, etc. Want, in the sense of indigence, is the 
cause of a number of diseases, especially if it leads to 
filthy habits or is attended with exposure. 
War'burg's fe'ver-drops. See Bebeeru. W.'b 
tinc'ture, see Bebeeru. 
Ward-car'riage. An appliance used in hospitals 
to conveniently convey water, instruments, surgical 
dressings, etc. from place to place, by means of the 
wheels with which it is provided. 
War'drop's disease. Malignant onyx. W.'s op- 
eration, distal ligature of an artery for aneurism. 
Ward's paste. Confection of black pepper. 
Ware. See Pila marina. 
Warm-blood'ed. Term applied to animals which 
have a normal uniform temperature regardless of 
their environment. Such animals have double cir- 
culation, pulmonic and systemic. 
Warm/ing plaster. Emplastrum calefaciens. 
Warne'ria Canaden'sis (after Mr. Richard Warner 
of Woodford, England). Hydrastis Canadensis. 
War'rus, War'us, Wars, or Vars. Synonyms for 
kamala. Also an African or Arabian drug used as a 
tseniacide and dye. 
Wart. Verruca. W., cor'neous, see Cornu. ~W., 
fig, ficus. W., moist, see Acrothymion. W. pock or 
pox, a term sometimes employed for varicella verru- 
cosa. W., post-mortem, see Verruca necrogenica. 
Warts of the a'nus. See Condyloma. 
Wart'y. Full of warts. Resembling, relating, or 
belonging to warts. W. tu'mor of cicatrices, tumor 
which sometimes appears on an old scar, many years 
perhaps after the injury that caused it. The ulcer 
formed under such circumstances has been called the 
warty ulcer of Marjolin, having been well described by 
that surgeon. 
Wash, black. See Hydrargyri bichloridum. W., 
phageden'ic, see Hydrargyri submurias. W., red, 
lotio rubra. W., white, liquor plumbi subacetatis 
dilutus. W., yellow, see Hydrargyri oxymurias. 
Washed sul'phur. Sublimed sulphur mixed with 
dilute ammonia-water for two or three days, then 
washed with water and dried; Sulphur lotum (Ph. 
U. S.). 
Washerwoman's scall or itch. See Psoriasis. 
Wash'ing so'da. Impure sodium carbonate. 
Wash-leath'er skin. A condition of system in 
some diseases, in which certain metals, particularly 
silver, produce a black line when drawn over the 
surface of the skin. This is said to occur in erysipe- 
las, diseases of the kidney, phthisis, and hemiplegia, 
and is supposed to be dependent upon an abnormal 
condition of trophic or secretory nervous mechanism. 
Wasp. A genus of gregarious insects, like the bee 
and ant, armed with a sting, which pours a poisonous 
fluid into the puncture made by it. See Poisons 
(table of). The best application is the spiritus ammo- 
nia aromaticus or some preparation of ammonia. 
Wasting. Consumption; tabes. W. pal'sy, pro- 
gressive muscular atrophy. 
Watch'fulness. Sleeplessness or wakefulness. 
Watch'ing. Insomnia; coma vigil. 
Wa'ter. Protoxide of hydrogen. Water was at 
one time regarded as a simple element. It con- 
sists, however, of eight parts by weight of oxygen 
and one of hydrogen. It freezes at 32°, boils at 212° 
Fah., and is taken as the unit in all tables of specific 
gravity of solid and liquid substances. Water, as we 
meet with it, generally contains small quantities of 
saline matter; at other times, as in sea-water and 
mineral waters, it is largely impregnated. When 
cold, and especially when iced, it is one of the most 
useful refrigerants, and in the form of the cold, tepid, 
and warm bath it is serviceable in numerous diseases. 
See Aqua, Eau, Bath, and Liquor; also Urine. In add- 
ing water as an ingredient in prescriptions, care 
should be taken to mention distilled water when- 
ever it is desirable to have the water perfectly pure, 
as in eye-washes. WATER 
The amount of water in various parts of the human 
body has been tabulated as follows: 
Substance. Parts per 1000. 
Enamel 2 
Epithelium 37 
Teeth 100 
Bones 130 
Tendons 500 
Cartilages 550 
Skin 575 
Liver 618 
Muscles 725 
Ligaments 768 
Blood 780 
Milk 887 
Chyle 904 
Bile 905 
Urine 933 
Lymph 960 
Saliva 983 
Gastric juice 984 
Perspiration 986 
Tears 990 
Pulmonary vapor 997 
Wat'er, acid'ulous, sim'ple, see Acidulous water, 
simple. Nf., all'flower, urine, cow's. W. of am- 
mo'nia, strong'er, see Liquor ammoniee. W., an'gel, 
angel water. W., an'ise, see PimpineUa anisum. W. 
ap'ple, apple-tree. W. a'rum, Calla palustris. W. 
ash, Fraxinus sambucifolius. W. a'vens, Geum 
rivale. W., barley, decoctum hordei. W. bath, see 
Bath, water. W. bed, hydrostatic bed, invented by 
Arnott and used for paralytics and other bedridden 
cases. W., Binelli, aqua Binelli. W. of bit'ter al- 
monds, aqua amygdalarum concentrata. W. blebs, 
pemphigus. W. bn the brain, hydrocephalus. W. 
brash, pyrosis. W. brax'y, bloody effusion into 
peritoneal cavity of sheep, with tendency to coagula- 
tion in the circulating apparatus. W., Brocchie'ri, 
aqua Brocchierii. W. cal'aminth, Mentha arven- 
sis. W., cam'phor, mistura camphor®. W. can'- 
cer, cancer aquaticus. W. can'ker, cancrum 
oris. W., car'away, see Carum carui. W., car'- 
away, strong, spiritus carui. W., carbol'ic ac'id, 
see Carbolic acid. W. of car'bonate of ammo'nlum, 
liquor ammonia subcarbonatis. W.. Car'melite, 
see Melissa. W. of cas'sia, see Laurus cassia. W. 
cas'ter, see Uromantia. W., cher'ry-lau'rel, see 
Prunus laurocerasus. W., chick'en, chicken-tea. W., 
chlo'rine, see Chlorine. W., cin'namon, aqua cinna- 
momi. W., cin'namon, strong, spiritus cinnamomi. 
W. clos'et, a contrivance for the reception of human 
excreta, consisting of a round or oval hollow basin, 
into which, after use, a volume of water is poured by 
a mechanical arrangement, thus removing contents 
into cesspool or sewer. W. coil, coiled rubber or tin 
tubing transmitting water of desired temperature, 
and employed as a topical application. W., Cologne, 
eau de Cologne. W., cre'asote, see Creasote. W. cress, 
Sisymbrium nasturtium. W. of crystallization, 
the water contained in chemical combination in crys- 
tals of the various salts, and without which they 
could not retain their physical constitution. W. cup, 
Sarracenia purpurea. W. cure; hydrosudotherapeia. 
W. dill, Anethum graveolens. W., distilled, Holy 
water, is generally ordered in extemporaneous pre- 
scriptions, but is rarely used. In some cases, how- 
ever, it is absolutely necessary, the water containing 
any saline impregnation-hard water, for example- 
decomposing certain substances. Distilled waters con- 
sist of common water charged by distillation with the 
volatile principles of medicinal agents. See Aquae 
destillatee. ~W. dock, Rumex aquaticus. W. doc'tor, 
see Uromantia. W. dressing, treatment of ulcers 
and wounds by applications of water. It usually 
consists in dipping folds of lint in water and placing 
them on a part, the whole being covered with oiled 
silk, elastic gum, or spongiopiline. Water-strapping 
or wet-strapping means treatment of ulcers and certain 
cutaneous affections of the extremities, etc. with 
strips of linen or cotton saturated with water. W. 
drop'wort, ASnanthe crocata. W. el'der, see Sam- 
bucus. W. far'cy, disease of horses; lymphangitis of 
the leg. W., fen'nel, aqua fceniculi. W. flag, Iris 
1164 
WATER 
pseudacorus ; I. versicolor. W., flor'ida, a celebrated 
perfume; may be made of ol. bergami, tinct. 
benzoin, comp., ; alcohol., cong. W. fright, hy- 
drophobia. W. german'der, Teucrium scordium. W., 
Gou'lard, liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. W. gru'- 
el, see Avena and Grits. W., hard, common water, 
which decomposes and curdles soap, in contradistinc- 
tion to soft water, which is readily miscible with soap. 
The hardness of water depends upon the presence in 
it of earthy salts, the most common of which is sul- 
phate of calcium. W. of the head, hydrocephalus. W., 
hell, see Toddy. . hem lock, Cicuta aquatica. ., 
ho'ly, distilled water. W., hon'ey, see Mel. "W. 
hore'hound, Lycopus Europeus. W., Hun'gary, 
spiritus rosmarini. W. jags, see Varicella. W. 
knob'weed, Polygonium amphibium. W., lake, is 
apt to be impure from decayed animal and vegetable 
matters. A great deal will, however, depend upon 
the magnitude of the lake and the degree of stagna- 
tion. W., lau'rel, see Prunus laurocerasus. W., lav'- 
ender, spiritus la vandulse. W., lead, liquor plumbi 
subacetatis dilutus. W., lem'on-peel, see Lemon-peel 
tea. W. lil'y, Nymphea odorata. W., lime, liquor 
calcis. W., lime, com'pound, liquor calcis composi- 
tus. W., lith'ia, a'erated, see Lithium, carbonate of. 
~W., magne'sia, a'erated, magnesia, fluid. W.,mag- 
ne'sia, car'bonated, magnesia, fluid. W., marsh, is 
the most impure of all. It is generally stagnant and 
loaded with decomposing animal and vegetable mat- 
ters. W., med'icated, see Aquae medicates. "W., minz- 
eral, water holding in solution different saline and 
gaseous substances in sufficient quantity to be pos- 
sessed of medicinal properties, or of a temperature 
different from that of the ordinary springs of the 
country. Mineral waters may be divided into four 
classes: 1. Gaseous or Acidulous. 2. Chalybeate or Fer- 
ruginous. 3. Saline. 4. Sulphureous. These may be 
thermal or cold, natural or artificial. Many of these 
divisions, however, run into each other, some of the 
substances which they hold dissolved belonging 
to one class as well as to others. Other classifica- 
tions of a more minute character have been sug- 
gested : 
1. Gaseous, Acidulous, or Carbonated mineral waters, 
Soda or Beer springs. The waters referred to this 
class are those that contain carbonic acid gas in such 
quantity as to communicate to them certain sensible 
qualities. Waters impregnated with free carbonic 
acid sparkle when drawn from the spring or when 
poured into a glass. They have a sharp, acidulous 
taste, but become vapid from exposure to the air. 
Along with the carbonic acid there are generally 
present portions of saline, earthy, or metallic matter, 
chiefly carbonates of calicum, magnesium, and iron. 
Waters highly impregnated with carbonic acid gas 
are grateful to the stomach, increase the appetite, 
and are diuretic, hence their utility in dyspepsia, 
hypochondriasis, and gout. Then- properties are, of 
course, modified by the saline matter that may be 
also contained in them. 
2. Chalybeate or Ferruginous mineral waters. These 
contain iron-sulphate, chloride, or carbonate, gener- 
ally the latter-held in solution by an excess of acid. 
Chalybeate waters have a peculiar styptic taste. They 
are transparent when taken from the spring, but 
when exposed for some time to the air a pellicle 
forms on the surface and a deposit of the iron takes 
place. Chalybeate waters are used as tonics in de- 
bility of all kinds-in all cases, in fact, where iron is 
considered to be indicated. They are the most nu- 
merous of all the classes of mineral waters. 
3. Saline mineral waters. Waters holding in solution 
different saline substances in greater quantity than 
the acidulous waters. The salts usually present are 
sulphates, chlorides, and carbonates, and the bases 
with which the acids forming these are combined are 
soda, magnesia, and lime. Saline mineral waters are 
usually aperient. To this class may also be added 
Sea-water. 
4. Sulphureous mineral waters. These waters owe 
their distinguishing character to an impregnation WATER-HAMMER PULSE 
of sulphuretted hydrogen, and are at once recog- 
nized by their peculiar fetid smell, resembling that 
of rotten eggs. They usually contain saline sub- 
stances which modify their powers. From the 
action of the hydrogen they are useful in cutaneous 
affections; and from the combined action of this 
and the saline matter they are valuable agents in 
diseases of the digestive organs. They are also em- 
ployed in cutaneous eruptions, and the warm sul- 
phur baths have been especially celebrated in such 
cases, as well as in rheumatic affections. Thermal 
mineral waters are valuable agents in rheumatic affec- 
tions, the warmth being equable during the whole 
period the individual is immersed in them, which 
cannot be the case in the artificial thermal bath. 
Artificial mineral waters are imitations of the natural, 
and some of them answer the purposes of the natural 
water tolerably well. The acidulous and chalybeate 
waters are, however, most easily imitated. See Acidu- 
lous water, simple. 
Water mint. Mentha aquatica. W., nut'meg, 
spiritus myristic®. W., or'ange-flow'er, see Citrus 
auranlium. W., ox'ygenated, hydrogen peroxide. 
W. pang, pyrosis. W. pars'neps, creep'ing, sium. 
W. pars'nip, Sium latifolium. W., pennyroy'al, 
spir'ituous, spiritus pulegii. W. pep'per, Polygonum 
hydropiper. W., pep'permint, aqua menth® piperit®. 
W., pimen'to, see Myrtus pimento,. W. plan'tain, 
Alisma plantajo, rhizome of which has been used in 
various affections, while the leaves have been given in- 
ternally for renal and cystic calculi, and applied ex- 
ternally in fomentations. W., pot'ash, liquor po- 
tass® effervescens. W. pox, see Varicella. W., pro- 
toxide of ni'trogen, aquae nitrogenii protoxidi. W. 
pur'ple, Veronica beccabunga. W. purs'lane, Lu- 
dingia palustris. W. qualm, pyrosis. W. radish, 
Sisymbrium nasturtium. W., rain, when collected 
at a distance from houses and other elevated objects 
it is the purest natural water and has the least specific 
gravity. The only bodies which it usually holds in 
solution are carbonic acid and minute traces of car- 
bonate of calcium and chloride of calcium. W., rice, 
see Oryza. ~W., riv'er, is derived from the conflux of 
numerous springs and rain-water; it is tolerably pure. 
W., rose, aqua ros®. W., sea, this contains chlorides 
of sodium, magnesium, and potassium, bromide of 
magnesium, sulphate of calcium, carbonate of cal- 
cium, and sulphate of magnesium. It is cathartic, and 
forms the usual glyster at sea. It makes an excel- 
lent tonic bath, superior in most cases, especially 
in scrofula, to the fresh-water bath. W., Sed'litz 
or Seid'litz, Sedlitz water. W., Seyd'schiitz, Sedlitz 
water. W. sham'rock, Menyanthes trifoliata. W. 
shield, Brasenia hydropeltis; B. peltata. W. smart'- 
weed, Polygonum acre. W., snow, has usually 
been deemed unwholesome; it exactly resembles 
rain-water in composition, and is equally salubrious. 
W., so'da, acidulous water, simple. W., soft, see 
Water, hard. W., spear'mint, aqua menth® viridis. 
W., spring, contains, in addition to the substances 
detected in rain-water, more or less sulphate of cal- 
cium. When this is to such an extent as to curdle 
soap, the water is said to be hard ; if not, soft. Hard 
water is, of course, inferior to soft for domestic and 
medicinal purposes. W. star'nut, Callitriche verna. 
W. strapping, see W. dressing. W. stroke, see Hy- 
drocephalus internus. W., styp'tic, Syd'enham's, solu- 
tio sulphatis cupri composita. W., tar, see Pinus syl- 
vestris. W. tar'get, Brasenia hydropeltis. W., toast, 
see Toast-water. W. tomes, an old name for pyrosis. 
W., ven'om-glob'ulin, name applied by Mitchell and 
Reichert to a globulin gotten from venom of serpents 
by diluting it with water and precipitating. W., well, 
is the same as spring-water, but liable to impregnation, 
owing to the land springs filtering into the wells and 
conveying impurities into them. 
Water-ham'mer pulse. See Corrigan pulse. 
Wa'ters, The. Liquor amnii. W., bag of, see 
Liquor amnii. W., bro'ken or discharged, discharge 
or breaking of the waters at birth. W., distilled, 
aquae destillat®. W., first, first waters, or waters dis- 
1165 
WEBSTER'S CONDENSER 
charged before the extrusion of the fcetus. W., 
green, see Lochia. 
Wa'tery eye. Epiphora. 
Watt (from James Watt, 1736-1819). Synonym for 
volt-ampere ; unit of electrical force. 1 watt equals 
kilogrammemetres, which represents horse- 
power. 
Wat'tie-bark. Bark of an Australian tree, the 
Acacia decurrens. Also applied to bark of other Aus- 
tralian species of Acacia. 
Wat'tle-gum. A gum obtained from Australia. 
Wa'vellite. A mineral form of hydrated phosphate 
of aluminum, named after Dr. Wavel. 
Wax. Cera. W., ear, cerumen. W., Japan', from 
Rhus succedanea of Japan. It is of a medium qual- 
ity between beeswax and the ordinary vegetable tal- 
lows. W. ker'nels, enlarged submaxillary glands 
are popularly so called. W., myr'tle, Bayberry tallow ; 
a wax from the fruit of Myrica cerifera, Wax myrtle, 
Candleberry myrtle ; indigenous plant which yields the 
bayberry bark; tonic, stimulant, and astringent, and 
prescribed in dysentery. W., veg'etable, see Cera 
flava. W., white, cera alba. W., yel'low, cera flava. 
Waxed sponge. Sponge impregnated with wax 
and then compressed; used in surgery. 
Wax'ing ker'nels. Waxenkernels. A popular term 
for small tumors formed by the enlargement of the 
lymphatic glands-in the groins of children particu- 
larly. They have been looked upon as connected 
with the growth of the body, hence their name. See 
Wax. 
Wax-work. Celastrus scandens. 
Wax'y degeneration. See Lardaceous. W. liv'er, 
see Lardaceous. W. spleen, see Lardaceous. 
Way. Canal. 
Way'bread. Plantago major. 
Ways, digestive. The series of hollow organs of 
digestion, composed of the mouth, oesophagus, stom- 
ach, and small and large intestines, especially the 
first three of these. W., second, Second passages. 
These comprise the chyliferous vessels, the lymphat- 
ics, and the blood-vessels. 
Weak. Physically debilitated. Infirm. W. of 
mind, mentally defective, even if not positively 
insane. 
Weak'ness. Debility. W., spi'nal, see Spinal. 
Weak-sight'edness. Asthenopia. 
Wean'ing. Act of depriving the infant perma- 
nently of the breast, in order to feed it on other and 
more solid nourishment. W. brash, see Brash. 
Wear'ing. Consumption. 
Weas'and. Trachea. 
Weath'er cocks. Impatiens. 
Weav'er's bot'tom. Chronic inflammation of a 
bursa over the tuberosity of the ischium, occasionally 
observed in weavers, due to pressure on the part. 
Web. Caligo; pterygium. W., mus'cular, pannic- 
ulus carnosus. 
Webbed fln'gers. Union of the fingers with each 
other, usually congenital, but sometimes owing to 
burns, ulcerations, etc. 
We'ber. Ampere. See Unit. 
Webe'rian cor'puscle (after Weber, a German 
anatomist). See Ejaculatory ducts. W. or'gan, see 
Ejaculatory ducts. 
We'ber's exper'iment. The vibrations of a tuning- 
fork placed upon the vortex are heard better when 
the ear is closed. W.'s glands, mucus-secreting 
glands of the tongue. W.'s law, a law proposed first 
by Heinrich Weber, professor of anatomy and physi- 
ology at Leipsic, and subsequently extended and 
elaborated by Fechner. This law is that the inten- 
sity of a sensation varies in a constant ratio with the 
logarithm of the stimulus producing the sensation. 
W.'s par'adox, when a muscle is overloaded, so that 
contraction is impossible, it may elongate. 
Web'eye. Caligo; pterygium. 
Web'ster's conden'ser. Appliance furnished with 
a lower convex lens and an upper achromatic lens, 
for the purpose of condensing light on microscopic 
specimens. WEDGED 
Wedged. The head of the foetus is said to be 
wedged, locked, or impacted in the pelvis when it 
remains fixed, notwithstanding the uterine efforts. 
Weed. See Mastitis and Ephemera, puerperal. W., 
ar'row, Sagittaria variabilis. W., bee'tle, Galax 
aphylla. W., breast, Saururus cernuus. W. in the 
breast, see Mastitis. W., but'ter, Erigeron Cana- 
dense. W., can'cer, Goodyera pubescens. W.,dy'er's, 
Reseda luteola. W., field, Anthemis cotula. W., 
horse, Erigeron Canadense. W., horse'fly, Sophora 
tinctoria. W., milk, Apocynum androssemifolium. 
W., phthi'sis, Ludwigia palustris. W., pride, Erige- 
ron Canadense. W., red, Phytolacca decandra. W., 
sil'ver, Potentilla anserina. W., sol'dier's, matico. 
W., thim'ble, Rudbeckia laciniata. W., wind, As- 
clepias tuberosa. 
Weep'ing. Lacrymation or excretion and effusion 
of tears. W. tear, tear. 
Wee'sel. Trachea. 
Weige'la. Genus of shrubs belonging to the 
Caprifoliaceae, growing in Japan and China; culti- 
vated for the sake of ornamentation. 
Weight. A sensation of heaviness or pressure over 
the whole body or over a part-the stomach or head, 
for example. W. of body or or'gans, the average 
weight of the body has been estimated (Vierordt) at 
65 kilogrammes in men; in women about 55 kilo- 
grammes. The weight of the body of new-born 
children, on an average, in middle Europe, is as 
follows: general average, 3250 g.-boys, 3333 g.; girls, 
3200; a twin weighs, on an average, 2501 g., the 
average weight of a male twin being 2554 g., of 
female twin, 2425 g. The average weight of each 
organ in the adult is, according to Quain, as follows: 
Heart, male 11 ounces. 
" female 9 " 
Brain, male 491 " 
" female 44 " 
Spinal cord 1 to H " 
Liver 50 to 60 " 
Pancreas 21 to 31 " 
Spleen 5 to 7 " 
Lungs, male 45 " 
" female 32 " 
Thyroid cartilage 1 to 2 " 
Thymus (at birth) 1 " 
Kidney 41 " 
Suprarenal capsules 2 drachms. 
Prostate 6 " 
Testes f to 1 ounce. 
Unimpregnated uterus 7 to 12 drachms. 
Detailed estimates of the weights and measure- 
ments of the various organs are also given under 
each organ. See also Man. 
Weights and Meas'ures. The importance of pos- 
sessing a uniform system of weights and measures 
has impressed the scientific of all countries, and nu- 
merous endeavors have been made to accomplish the 
object. It is, however, a matter of considerable diffi- 
culty, and one not likely to be attained. The more 
modern French measures are upon decidedly the best 
footing, but they are not yet generally adopted. The 
greatest diversity, indeed, prevails in the measures 
both of weight and capacity. Some of the following 
tables will show that every subdivision of the pound, 
as well as the pound itself, differs in England and in 
France: 
Weights (Ph. U. S.). 
Troy Weight. 
The weights employed by physicians and apothe- 
caries in the United States in prescribing and dispen- 
sing medicines are those derived from the troy pound. 
The scale is as follows: 
One Pound, ib = 12 Ounces = 5760 Grains. 
One Ounce, 3=8 Drachms 480 " 
One Drachm, 5=3 Scruples = 60 " 
One Scruple, 9 = 20 " 
One Grain, gr. = 1 " 
This table may be differently stated as follows: 
Lb. Oz. Drachms. Sorup. Grs. 
1 = 12 = 96 = 288 = 5760 
1 = 8 ■= 24 = 480 
1 = 3 = 60 
1 = 20 
1166 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
Measures of Capacity (Ph. U. S.). 
One Gallon (Congius), C. = 8 Pints •= 61,440 M. = 231 cu. in. 
One Pint (Octarius), O. = 16 Fluidounces = 7,680 M. = 28.875 " 
One Fluidounce, = 8 Fluidrachms = 480 M. = 1.8047 " 
One Fluidrachm, f£ = 60 M. = .2256." 
One Minim, 
The following are the weights and measures of the 
British Pharmacopoeia, with their symbols: 
Weights. (Ph. Br.). 
Avoirdupois Weight. 
Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Troy grains. 
1 = 16 = 256 = 7000 
1 = 16 = 437.5 
1 = 27.34375 
Relative Value of Troy and Avoirdupois Weights. 
1 pound troy = 0.822857 avoirdupois or 0 ft> 13 oz. 72.5 gr. 
1 avoirdupois = 1.215277 troy or 1 ft 2 oz. 280 gr. 
The pound of 7680 grains avoirdupois = 7000 grains 
troy, and hence 1 grain troy = .97 grains avoirdu- 
pois. 
Imperial Measures of Capacity (Ph. Br.). 
1 Gallon, C. = 8 Pints = 160 Fluidounces = 1280Fluidrachms 
= 76,800 Minims. 
1 Pint, O. = 20 Fluidounces = 160 Fluidrachms = 9600 Min- 
ims. 
1 Fluidounce, fl. oz. = 8 Fluidrachms = 480 Minims. 
1 Fluidrachm, fl. dr. = 60 Minims. 
1 Minim, 11). 
Measures of Length (Ph. Br.). 
1 Line = fa inch. 
1 Inch = 3S.ofJ5S seconds pendulum. 
12 Inches = 1 foot. 
36 " = 3 feet = 1 yard. 
Length of pendulum vibrating seconds of' 
mean time in the latitude of London, in 
a vacuum at the level of the sea . . . . 
39.1393 
inches. 
Eelation of Measure to Weights (Ph. Br.). 
Grs. of waler. 
1 Minim is the measure of 0.91 
1 Fluidrachm is the measure of 54.68 
1 Fluidounce " " 1 oz. or 437.5 
1 Pint " " 1.25 lbs. or 8750 
1 Gallon " " 10 lbs. or 70,000 
The measures in the Ph. U. S. have the same names 
in the British, but their value is different, the pint 
weighing 16 oz. 291.2 grs. avoirdupois, and the fluid- 
ounce 455.7 grs. In the formulae the acids and the 
oils are ordered by weight; other liquids by measure. 
The gallon is not used, that measure being always 
expressed in pints. In Continental Europe all med- 
icines are weighed, and the gramme is becoming uni- 
versally used. 
Poids de Marc. 
The Poids de Marc is that employed by the French 
pharmaciens when the new weights are not: 
One Pound 
One Ounce 
One Drachm 
One Scruple 
One Grain 
contains 
16 Ounces. 
8 Drachms. 
3 Scruples. 
24 Grains. 
(Fot the relative values of the old French and 
English weights, see p. 1168.) 
Weights and Measures of the Metrical Sys- 
tem. 
The French metrical ot metric system of weights 
and measures is decimal and founded on the metre, 
which is the unit of length, based on the measurement 
of the quadrant of a meridian of the earth. The 
unit of surface is the are, which is the square of 10 
metres. The unit of capacity is the litre, the cube of 
of a metre. The wait of weight is the gramme, 
the weight of distilled water, of maximum density, 
which fills a cube of of a metre. Multiples of each 
of these are expressed by deka or deca, ten, as deca- 
gramme ; hecto, a hundred, as hectolitre ; kilo, a thou- 
sand, as kilometre, etc. Fractional quantities are de- WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
noted by deci, one-tenth, as decigramme; centi, one- 
hundredth, as centimetre; milli, one-thousandth, as 
millilitre, etc. 
Measures of Length (Metrical System). 
One Myriametre = 10,000 Metres. 
One Kilometre = 1,000 Metres. 
One Hectometre = 100 Metres. 
One Decametre = 10 Metres. 
One Metre = The ten-millionth part of a quarter of 
the meridian of the earth. 
One Decimetre = The tenth part of one Metre, or 0.1 
Metre. 
One Centimetre = The hundredth part of one Metre, or 
0.01 Metre. 
One Millimetre - The thousandth part of one Metre, or 
0.001 Metre. 
The value of these measures may be expressed in 
the ordinary scale of measures in use in the United 
States and England as follows: 
English inches. yd. ft. inch. 
Myriametre 393710. = 10936. 1. 2. 
Kilometre 39371- = 1093. 1. 10. 
Hectometre 3937.1 = 109. 1. 1. 
Decametre 393.71 = 10. 2. 9.7 
Metre 39.371 = 1. 0. 3.37 
Decimetre 3.937 
Centimetre 0.393 
Millimetre 0.039 
Weights (Metrical System). 
One Myriagramme = 10,000 Grammes. 
One Kilogramme = 1,000 Grammes. 
One Hectogramme = 100 Grammes. 
One Decagramme = 10 Grammes. 
One Gramme = The weight of a cubic Centimetre of 
water at 4° C. 
One Decigramme = The tenth part of one Gramme, or 
0.1 Gramme. 
One Centigramme = The hundredth part of one Gramme, 
or 0.01 Gramme. 
One Milligramme = The thousandth part of one Gramme, 
or 0.001 Gramme. 
The value of these weights may be expressed in 
the troy scale as follows: 
Troy grains. lb. oz. dr. gr. 
Myriagramme = 154340.2344 = 26 9 6 0 
Kilogramme = 15434.0234 = 2 8 1 24 
Hectogramme = 1543.4023 = 0 3 1 44.4 
Decagramme = 154.3402 = 0 0 2 34.4 
Gramme = 15.4340 
Decigramme = 1.5434 
Centigramme = .1543 
Milligramme = .0154 
Measures of Capacity (Metrical System). 
One Myrialitre = 10 cubic Metres, or the measure of 10 
Milli ers of water. 
One Kilolitre '= 1 cubic Metre, or the measure of 1 Millier 
of water. 
One Hectolitre = 100 cubic Decimetres, or the measure of 
1 Quintal of water. 
One Decalitre = 10 cubic Decimetres, or the measure of 
1 Myriagramme of water. 
One Litre = 1 cubic Decimetre, or the measure of 1 
Kilogramme of water. 
One Decilitre = 100 cubic Centimetres, or the measure of 
1 Hectogramme of water. 
One Centilitre = 10 cubic Centimetres, or the measure of 
1 Decagramme of water. 
One Millilitre = 1 cubic Centimetre, or the meusure of 1 
Gramme of water. 
The following tables, from the U. S. Phar. and Brit- 
ish Phar., give an accurate view of the relations be- 
tween the weights and measures adopted by them 
and those of the metrical system, to which are added 
many items of statistical interest in connection with 
this subject: 
Relation of Measures of the U. S. Pharmaco- 
peia to Cubic Measure. 
One Gallon = 231.0 Cubic Inches. 
One Pint = 28.875 Cubic Inches. 
One Fluidounce = 1.80468 Cubic Inches. 
One Fluidrachm = 0.22558 Cubic Inch. 
One Minim = 0.00375 Cubic Inch. 
1167 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
Eelation of Weights and Measures of U. S. 
Pharmacopceia to each other. 
In distilled water at the temperature of 60°. 
One Pound = 0.7900031 Pint = 6067.2238 
One Ounce = 1.0533376 Fluidoz. = 505.6019 
One Drachm = 1.0533376 Fluidrs. = 63.2002 
One Scruple = 21.0667 
One Grain = 1.0533 
Grains. 
One Gallon = 10.1265427 Pounds = 58328.8862 
One Pint = 1.2658178 Pounds = 7291.1107 
One Fluidounce = 0.9493633 Ounce = 455.6944 
One Fluidrachm = 0.9493633 Drachm = 56.9618 
One Minim = 0.9493 
Eelation of Weights of U. S. Pharmacopceia 
to Metrical Weights. 
Fractions 
of a 
Grains in equiva- 
Drachms, Ounces, 
grain in 
Milli- 
lent 
metrical 
and Pounds in 
grammes. 
weights. 
equivalent metrical 
Grains. 
Milli- 
Grains. 
Centi- 
weights. 
grammes. 
grammes. 
Drachms. Grammes. 
A 
= 
1.012 
I 
= 
6.479 
1 = 3.887 
= 
1.079 
Decigrammes. 
2 = 7.775 
TUT 
= 
1.295 
2 
= 
1.295 
Decagrammes. 
= 
1.349 
3 
= 
1.943 
3 = 1.166 
- 
1.619 
4 
= 
2.591 
4 = 1.555 
sY 
= 
1.799 
5 
= 
3.239 
5 = 1.943 
- 
2.159 
6 
= 
3.887 
6 = 2.332 
- 
2.591 
7 
= 
4.535 
7 = 2.721 
A 
2.699 
8 
5.183 
Ounces. 
i\ 
3.239 
9 
= 
5.831 
1 = 3.1103 
4.049 
10 
= 
6.479 
2 = 6.2206 
T5 
4.319 
12 
= 
7.775 
3 = 9.3309 
A 
A 
I 
I 
i 
4 
= 
5.399 
6.479 
8.098 
10.798 
12.958 
16.197 
21.597 
32.395 
15 
16 
20 
24 
25 
30 
40 
= 
9.718 
Grammes. 
1.036 
1.295 
1.555 
1.619 
1.943 
2.591 
Hectogrammes. 
4 = 1.2441 
5 = 1.5551 
6 = 1.8661 
7 = 2.1772 
8 = 2.4882 
9 = 2.7992 
10 = 3.1103 
50 
= 
3.239 
11 = 3.4213 
60 
- 
3.887 
Pounds. 
1 = 3.7324 
2 = 7.4648 
Kilogrammes. 
3 = 1.1197 
Eelation of Metrical Weights to Weights of 
U. S. Pharmacopceia. 
Metrical Weights. 
Exact equiva- 
lents in 
Approximate 
equivalents 
Milligrammes. 
grains. 
in grains. 
1 
- 
.0154 
A 
2 
- 
.0308 
33 
3 
-- 
.0463 
A 
4 
-- 
.0617 
A 
5 
= 
.0771 
13 
6 
= 
.0926 
yy 
7 
= 
.1080 
8 
= 
.1234 
9 
= 
.1389 
A 
Centigrammes. 
1 
= 
.1543 
2 
= 
.3086 
I 
3 
■-• 
.4630 
A 
4 
= 
.6173 
7 
5 
= 
.7717 
¥ 
6 
= 
.9260 
A 
7 
= 
1.0803 
i 
8 
1.2347 
il 
9 
- 
1.3890 
Decigrammes. 
1 
1.543 
*3 
2 
= 
3.086 
3 
3 
4.630 
4 
== 
6.173 
6 
5 
7.717 
6 
= 
9.260 
9 
7 
== 
10.803 
11 
8 
= 
12.347 
12J 
9 
= 
13.890 
14 
Metrical Weights. 
Exact equiva- 
Approximate 
Grammes. 
lents in 
grains. 
equivalents in 
troy weight. 
1 
- 
15.434 
15 grs. 
2 
= 
30.868 
5ss. 
3 
= 
46.302 
9ij. 
4 
= 
61.736 
5j- 
5 
= 
77.170 
9iv. 
6 
- 
92.604 
Kiss. 
7 
108.038 
9VSS. 
8 
= 
123.472 
5ij. 
9 
= 
138.906 
Svij. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
1168 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
(For the value of metrical measures in cubic inches 
and wine measures, see p. 1169.) 
Relation of Weights of British Pharmaco- 
pceia to Metrical Weights. 
1 Pound = 453.5925 Grammes. 
1 Ounce = 28.3495 " 
1 Grain = 0.0648 " 
Relation of Measures of Capacity of British 
Pharmacopceia to Metrical Measures. 
1 Gallon = 4.543487 Litres. 
1 Pint = 0.567936 " or 567.936 Cubic centim. 
1 Fluidounce = 0.028396 " " 28.396 " " 
1 Fluidrachm = 0.003549 " " 3.549 " " 
1 Minim = 0.000059 " " 0.059 " " 
Relation of Metrical Weights to Weights of 
British Pharmacopceia. 
1 Milligramme = 0.015432 Grains. 
1 Centigramme = 0.15432 " 
1 Decigramme = 1.5432 " 
1 Gramme = 15.432 " 
1 Kilogramme = 2 lbs. 3 oz. 119.8 grs.,or 15432.348 grs. 
Relation of Metrical Measures to Measures 
of British Pharmacopceia. 
1 Millimetre = 0.03937 Inches. 
1 Centimetre = 0.39371 •* 
1 Decimetre = 3.93708 " 
1 Metre = 39.37079 " or 1 yard 3.37 inches. 
1 Cubic centimetre = 15.432 grain-measures. 
1 Litre = 1 pint 15 ozs. 2 drs. 11 m., or 15432.348 
grain-measures. 
Exact equivalents 
Approximate equivalents 
Decagrammes. 
in grains. 
in troy weight. 
1 
= 
154.340 
Siiss. 
2 
= 
308.680 
5v. 
3 
7= 
463.020 
Sviiss. 
4 
= 
617.360 
5x. 
5 
== 
771.701 
Sxiij. 
6 
= 
926.041 
5xv. 
7 
= 
1,080.381 
Sxviij. 
8 
= 
1,234.721 
5xx. 
9 
= 
1,389.062 
Sxxiij. 
Hectogrammes. 
1 
- 
1,543.402 
3iij 9v. 
2 
= 
3,086.804 
Svj 5iij. 
3 
4,630.206 
Bix 5v. 
4 
=- 
6,173.609 
1 lb 5vij. 
5 
= 
7,717.011 
1 lb 3iv. 
6 
= 
9,260.413 
1 tb Svij. 
7 
= 
10,803.816 
1 lb 8x 3iv. 
8 
= 
12,347.218 
2 ibs 3j 5v. 
9 
= 
13,890.620 
2fts3v. 
Kilogramme. 
1 
= 
15,434.023 
2 ibs 3viij. 
Myriagramnie. 
1 
= 
154,340.23 
26 ibs Six 5iv. 
Eelation of Measures of U. S. Pharmacopceia 
to Metrical Measures. 
One Gallon = 3.785 Litres. 
One Pint = 4.732 Decilitres. 
One Fluidounce = 2.957 Centilitres. 
One Fluidrachm = 3.697 Millilitres. 
One Minim = 0.061 Millilitre. 
Eelation of Metrical Measures to Measures 
of U. S. Pharmacopceia. 
One Myrialitre = 2641.9 Gallons. 
One Kilolitre = 264.19 Gallons. 
One Hectolitre = 26.419 Gallons. 
One Decalitre = 2.641 Gallons. 
One Litre = 2.113 Pints. 
One Decilitre = 3.381 Fluidounces. 
One Centilitre = 2.705 Fluidrachms. 
One Millilitre = 16.231 Minims. 
Equivalent in 
Equivalent in 
Equivalent in 
Poids de 
Gros or 
Troy 
French Metrical 
Avoirdupois wt. 
Marc. 
Marcs. 
Onces. 
Dragmes. 
Scruples. 
Grains. 
Grains. 
Grammes. 
lb. oz. 
gr. 
1 
= 2 = 
16 = 
128 = 
384 = 
9216 
= 7561 = 
489.500 = 
1 H 
61 
1 = 
8 = 
64 = 
192 = 
4608 
= 3780.500 = 
244.750 = 
8f 
30 
1 = 
8 = 
24 = 
576 
= 472.562 = 
30.594 = 
1 
45 
1 = 
3 = 
72 
= 59.070 = 
3.824 = 
60.284 
1 = 
24 
= 19.687 = 
1.274 = 
20.1 
1 
= .8203 = 
.0531 = 
0.837 
Relative Value of the Old French and English Weights. 
The old French grain being thus shown to be equal 
to .8203 troy grain, one troy grain equals 1.2189 old 
French grain. 
Poids de Marc. Troy wt. Avoird. 
1 Pound (livre) = 1.31268 lb. == 1.080143 lb. 
1 Ounce (once) = 0.984504 oz. = 1.080143 oz. 
1 Drachm (gros) = 0.954504 dr. 
1 Grain. 
Troy. Poids de Marc. French grains. 
1 Pound = 0.76180 lb. = 7561. 
1 Ounce = 1.01574 once - 585.083 
1 Drachm = 1.01574 gros - 73.135 
1 Grain = 1.219 
Avoirdupois. Poids de Marc. French grains. 
1 Pound = 0.925803 lb. = 8532.3 
1 Ounce = 0.925803 once = 533.27 
To convert French grains into Troy, divide by . . . 1.2189 
" Troy grains into French, multiply by . . 1.2189 
" French ounces into Troy, divide by . . . 1.015734 
" Troy ounces into French, multiply by . 1.015734 
" French pounds (poids de marc) into Troy, 
multiply by1.31268 
" Troy pounds into French, divide by . . 1.31268 
The French medicinal pound (Livre medicinal) of the 
same scale has a value of three-fourths of the poid de 
marc, or 6612 French grains, equivalent to 5670.5 troy 
grains. The poids de marc was in use prior to the 
Revolution of 1789, and was succeeded by the decimal 
system. In 1812 the old pound was made equal to 
half a kilogramme-500 grains-and this was taken as 
the unit. The French grain then became equivalent 
to .8365 troy grain or .0542 gramme. This modifica- 
tion was not made absolute until 1827, but so much 
confusion resulted that the decimal system was in 
1837 made obligatory. 
Table of Continental Medicinal Weights in Troy Grains. 
Pound. 
Ounce. 
Dr. 
Scruple. 
Gr. 
24 grs. 
20 grs. 
French (old) . 
. . 5670.5 
470.50 
59.10 
19.68 
.820 
Spanish . . . 
. . 5326.3 
443.49 
55.14 
18.47 
.769 
Tuscan 
. . 5210.3 
436.67 
54.58 
18.19 
.758 
Roman .... 
. . 5235. 
436.25 
54.53 
18.17 
.757 
Austrian . . . 
. . 6495.1 
541.25 
67.65 
22.55 
1.127 
German . . . 
. . 5524.8 
460.40 
57.55 
19.18 
.960 
Russian . . . 
. . 5524.8 
460.40 
57.55 
19.18 
.960 
Prussian . . . 
. . 5415.1 
451.26 
56.40 
18.80 
.940 
Dutch .... 
. . 5695.8 
474 64 
59.33 
19.78 
.988 
Belgian . . . 
. . 5695.8 
474.64 
59.33 
19.78 
.988 
Swedish . . . 
. . 5500.2 
458.34 
57.29 
19.09 
.954 
Piedmontese . 
. . 4744.7 
395.39 
49.45 
16.48 
.824 
Venetian . . . 
. . 4661.4 
388.45 
48.55 
16.18 
.809 
Measures of Capacity. 
The measures of capacity adopted by the United 
States and British Pharmacopoeias have been already 
given. The following tables give the relative values 
of the measures of capacity employed in different 
countries, and also of different measures of capacity 
in the same country-the wine and imperial gallons, 
for example: 
Proportions of the Apothecaries' and Wine Gallon. 
Gal. 
Pints. Fluidoz. 
Fluidr. 
Minims. Cub. Inches. 
1 
= 8 = 128 = 
1024 
= 61440 = 231 
1 = 16 = 
128 
= 7680 = 28.875 
1 = 
8 
= 480 = 1.8047 
1 
= 60 = .2256 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
Imperial Measure adopted by the London College in their 
Pharmacopoeia of 1836. 
Gallon. Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidr. Minims. 
1 = 8 = 160 = 1280 = 76800 
1 = 20 = 160 = 9600 
1 = 8 = 480 
1 = 60 
Comparative Value of the Proportions of the Wine and 
Imperial Gallons. 
TFine. Imperial. 
Pints. Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minims. 
1 Gallon = 6 13 2 23 
1 Pint = 16 5 18 
1 Fluidounce = 1 0 20 
1 Fluidrachm = 1 2J 
Imperial. Wine. 
Gallon. Pint. Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minims. 
1 Gallon =119 5 8 
1 Pint = 1 3 1 38 
1 Fluidounce = 7 41 
1 Fluidrachm = 58 
French Measures of Capacity. 
English cubic inches. Wine Measure. 
Millilitre = .061028 = 16.2318 minims. 
Centilitre = .610280 = 2.7053 fluidrachms. 
Decilitre = 6.102800 = 3.3816 fluidounces. 
Litre = 61.028000 = 2.1135 pints. 
Decalitre = 610.280000 = 2.6419 gallons. 
Hectolitre = 6102.800000 
Kilolitre = 61028.000000 
Myrialitre = 610280.000000 
Approximate Comparison between the Ancient French 
Measures of Capacity and the New, and Conversely. 
Grms. Litres. Decilitres. Centilitres. 
1 Poisson = 125 or 0 1 2 
1 Demi-setier = 250 or 0 2 5 
1 Chopine = 500 or 0 5 0 
1 Pinte = 1000 or 1 0 0 
Grms. lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
1 Centilitre = 10 or 0 0 2| 00 
1 Decilitre = 100 or 0 3 2 00 
1 Litre = 1000 or 2 0 3 36 
1169 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
Measures of Length. 
1 line, the 12th part of an inch. Inches. 
3 barleycorns 1.000 
A palm or hand's breadth (Scripture measure) . . 3.648 
A hand (horse measure) 4.000 
A span (Scripture measure) 10.944 
A foot 12.000 
A cubit (Scripture measure for common purposes) 18.000 
A cubit (Scripture measure for sacred purposes) . 21.888 
A Flemish ell 27.000 
A yard . 3 ft. 00 
An English ell 3 " 09 
A fathom or toise 6 " 00 
Values of the Grecian, Roman, and Arabian 
Weights and Measures in Poids de Marc. 
1. Weights of the Ancient Greeks. 
lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
The talent 54 2 5 24 
The mna 14 3 40 
The drachm 1 11 
The obolus . . . 13 
The ceration 4 
The chalcus 2 
The septon J 
2. Weights of the Ancient Romans. 
oz. dr. gr. 
The pound (libra) 10 6 48 
The ounce (uncia) 7 16 
The duella 2 29 
The sicilicus 1 58 
The sextula 1 14 
The consular denier, denarius 1 2 
The imperial denier or drachm, drachma 65 
The victoriatus 37 
The scriptulum or scruple . ... . ....... 21 
The obolus 11 
The siliqua r • • 4 
The Greeks divided their obolus into chalci and 
lepta; some divided it into 6 chalci, and each chalcus 
into 7 lepta; others into 8 chalci, and every chalcus 
into 8 lepta or minuta. 
Dr. Milligan, in his edition of Celsus, gives the fol- 
lowing table, exhibiting the troy weight of measures 
of capacity and weight in use among the Romans: 
Urna. Libra. 
Uncia. 
Denarius. 
Scrupulus. 
Sextans. 
Chalcus. 
Grana. 
Amphora . . . < 
... 2 = 80 
= 960 
= 
6720 = 
20160 
= 
40320 = 
403200 
- 
420480 
Urna 
... 1 = 40 
= 480 
- 
3360 = 
10080 
- 
26160 = 
210600 
= 
210240 
Congius 
. . . i = 10 
= 120 
= 
840 - 
2540 
= 
5040 = 
50400 
= 
52920 
Sextarius 
1! 
= 20 
= 
140 = 
420 
-Z= 
840 = 
8400 
- 
8760 
Libra 
1 
= 12 
z- 
84 = 
252 
504 = 
5040 
= 
5256 
Bernina 
8$ 
= 
60 = 
180 
- 
360 = 
3600 
= 
3759 
Acetabulum 
. . 2| 
- 
15 = 
45 
= 
90 = 
900 
= 
939 
Sesqui-cyathus 
. . 2| 
= 
15 = 
45 
■= 
90 = 
900 
- 
939 
Cyathus .... 
. . 1| 
- 
10 = 
30 
- 
60 = 
600 
- 
626 
Sescuncia 
1J 
= 
10J = 
31| 
= 
63 = 
630 
657 
Uncia 
. . 1 
= 
7 = 
21 
- 
42 = 
420 
= 
438 
Cochleare 
. . 2| = 
7| 
= 
15 = 
150 
- 
156 
Drachma . . . 
. . 1 = 
3 
= 
6 = 
60 
62| 
Denarius .... 
. . 1 = 
3 
- 
6 = 
60 
- 
62| 
20J 
Scrupulus . . . 
. . 1 
= 
2 = 
20 
Scrupulus dimidiatus . . . 
Obolus 
Sextans . . 
= 
1 
1 = 
1 - 
10 
10 
10 
= 
101 
10J 
101 
Chalcus 
. . 1 
= 
3. Weights said to be of the Arabians, Modern Greeks, 
and Latins of the Barbarous Periods of the Middle 
Ages. 
_, , , oz- dr. gr. 
lhealchemion „ 14 3 40 
The manes or ominos . . 10 6 28 
Sacros, augbhen, adar, assatil 7 16 
The great or royal nut 3 44 
The sextarius, stater 3 44 
The lesser nut ' ' ' . ' ' ' ' 2 50 
Aliovanus 2 29 
Aureus, alcobolus . . . ' ' ' ' 2 14 
1 he hazel-nut, bendacate, holca, alch'i, darchimi, 
atogochilos, ologinat, nabach 1 11 
lhe acorn, lupine, Egyptian or Syrian bean, the 
bacnil 
The Alexandrian bean, also sometimes called the 
tremessis 30 
The Greek bean or gramme, the kermet, gonum, 
harmi, gracchus 21 
The ring, cumulus, seminet, onolosich, or onolos- 
sat 11 
The danich 8 
The kirat, alkilat, karari ' 4 
(a) Greek Measures. 
The metretes 
lbs. 
84 
oz. dr. or. 
4 
3 
00 
The chuz, choa, congius 
7 
0 
2 
66 
The xestes 
1 
1 
7 
44 
The cotyla 
8 
7 
58 
The tetarton 
4 
3 
65 
The oxybaphon 
2 
1 
69 
The eyathos 
1 
4 
00 
The concha 
3 
00 
The mvstron 
3 
00 
The chaina minor 
2 
00 
The cochliarion 
1 
00 
The amphora or cadus 
The urna 
lbs. 
56 
28 
. oz. dr. ar. 
2 
1 
7 
3 
24 
48 
The congius 
7 
0 
2 
66 
The sextarius 
1 
4 
7 
44 
The heinina .... 
10 
1 
18 
The quartarius . . . 
5 
0 
45 
The acetabulum 
o 
4 
23 
The cyathus or small glass . 
1 
5 
30 
The ligula or spoonful 
3 
24 
(6) Roman Measures of Capacity. WEIL'S DISEASE 
(c) Measures said to be of the Arabian, Arabist, and 
Latin Physicians of the Middle Ages. 
1170 
WHITE 
West'brook's operation. Cardicentesis or punc- 
turation of the heart. 
West'ern mug'wort. Artemisia Ludoviciana. Em- 
ployed by Western Indians to arrest uterine contrac- 
tion in labor and to stop hemorrhage. 
West'phal's nu'cleus. Small gray nucleus situate 
beneath the Sylvian aqueduct near the median line. 
It is connected with the oculomotor nuclei. It is sup- 
posed to give origin to the fibres which supply the 
sphincter pupillee muscles. W.'s sign or symp'tom, 
absence of knee-jerk or patellar reflex in locomotor 
ataxia. 
Wet-brain. Excessive serosity of the brain or its 
membranes, as observed in delirium tremens, general 
paralysis, etc. 
Wet-nurse. A woman suckling the child of an- 
other, in contradistinction to dry-nurse, who does not 
suckle infants. 
Wet-pack. The enveloping of a patient in wet 
sheets covered by dry woollen blankets; used to con- 
trol fever. 
Wet-strapping. See Water-dressing. 
Weyl's test. A test for kreatinin. A few drops 
of a slightly-brownish solution of sodium nitro- 
prusside is added to the urine, followed by dilute 
sodium hydrate solution, which gives the mixture a 
red color, disappearing in a few minutes. When this 
mixture is heated with glacial acetic acid, if krea- 
tinin be present, a green color changing to blue is 
produced. 
Whahoo, whah-hoo. See Euonymus. 
Wharto'nian jel'ly. Gelatin or jelly of Wharton. 
Name applied to mucous tissue of umbilical cord. 
Wharton's duct (after Dr. Thomas Wharton, an 
English anatomist). Excretory duct of the submax- 
illary gland. W.'s jel'ly, see Whartonian. 
Wheal. Weal, Wale. Ridge or elevation of the skin 
produced by a rod or whip, or as if produced in that 
manner. Such elevations are seen in urticaria. 
WheaVworm. Acorus autumnalis, or harvest-bug; 
A. scabiei. 
Wheat. Triticum. W., In'dian, Zea mays. W. 
phos'phates, organized phosphates of the bran- 
usually discarded-are said to assist assimilation. 
W., Tur'key, Zea mays. 
Wheel'house's operation. A method of external 
urethrotomy in which the urethra is opened on a 
grooved staff in front of the stricture, w'hich is then 
divided and dilated with appropriate instruments. 
Wheeze. To breathe with difficulty and noise, as 
in asthma. 
Wheez'ing. Form of respiration observed in asth- 
ma, croup, coryza, and certain forms of bronchitis. 
Whelk (wheal). Acne; welk. W., chin, sycosis. 
W., ro'sy, gutta rosea. 
Whet'tlebones. Vertebrae. 
Whey. Serum lactis. W. cure, in the Kursaal of 
many German watering-places a space is set apart for 
whey-drinkers. Whey is a pleasant diluent, and the 
saccharine matter it contains may act as a eutrophic, 
but the main effect on the valetudinarian is probably 
produced by the new impressions made upon him by 
his visit to the watering-place. W., mus'tard, see 
Sinapis. W., ren'net see Serum lactis. W. sack, 
wine-whey. W., tam'arind, see Tamarindus. "W., 
vin'egar, see Acetum. W., wine, see Wine-whey. 
Whick'flaw. Whitlow. 
Whiff'ing mur'mur. See Murmur, respiratory. 
Whim'berry. Vaccinium myrtillus. 
Whip'tongue. Gallium mollugo. 
Whip'worm. Trichocephalus dispar. 
Whirling chair. See Chair. 
Whis'key. See Spirit. W. liv'er, see Liver, nut- 
meg. W. nose, acne rosacea. 
Whis'per, cav'ernous. See Cavernous. 
Whis'pering. An example of onomatopoeia. Ar- 
ticulation of the air sent through the vocal tube 
without any action of the glottis. W. souf'fle, see 
Souffle. 
WhistTing. See Rdle, sibilant. 
White ag'aric. A fungus, Polyporus officinalis, 
The missohaos weighed 
lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
3 8 
1 
33 
Aben, kirt. ejub, eberia, or Roman mina. . . . 
1 6 
0 
00 
The phial, hathlius, or hassitinus 
10 
1 
18 
The calix or rejelati 
6 
0 
44 
The handful, pugilium, cornusum 
3 
2 
68 
The hassuf, aesasse, or anesime 
2 
4 
20 
The conos or coatus, alcantus or almunesi, bri- 
ale cuabus 
1 
5 
34 
The lesser bachates 
5 
56 
The largest, spoonful 
4 
44 
A spoonful 
1 
52 
The colanos or reclanarium; 
1 
28 
A small spoonful or flagerina or cyanes . . . . 
1 
11 
The smallest spoonful or fahaliel 
42 
A good section on weights and measures is con- 
tained in the edition of " The Seven Books of Paulus 
jEgineta," by Mr. Francis Adams, published by the 
Sydenham Society of London, vol. iii. p. 609, Lon- 
don, 1847. 
Approximate Weights and Measures. 
Besides the weights and measures above mentioned 
employed by the moderns, there are modes of esti- 
mating the quantities of substances by approxima- 
tion. For example: 
A glassful or cupful ([F.] verre) is reckoned to con- 
tain 4 or 5 fluidounces. 
A wineglassful, 1| ounces or 2 fluidounces. 
A tablespoonful ([F.] cuiller a bouche), about half a 
fluidounce. 
A coffee or dessertspoonful, about 2 fluidrachms. 
A teaspoonful, a fluidrachm. 
A handful, manipulus ([F.J poignee), as much as can 
be held in the hand. 
The pugillus ([F.J pincee), as much as can be held by 
the three fingers. 
These last quantities are occasionally prescribed by 
the French practitioners. Their weights must, of 
course, vary according to the article. The authors 
of the Parisian Codex have valued them, as regards 
certain substances: 
French. 
oz. 
dr. 
A manipulus of barley weighs 
. . . 3 
2| 
ll 
linseed 
. . . 1 
4 
It 
linseed meal 
. . . 3 
3 
it 
dried mallow leaves .... 
. . . 1 
3 
ll 
dried chicory leaves .... 
. . . 1 
0 
u 
dried flowers of the tilia . 
. . . 1 
2J 
dr. 
gr. 
A pugillus 
of chamomile flowers weighs . . 
. . . 2 
arnica 
. . . 1 
48 
<C 
marshmallow 
. . . 1 
24 
ll 
mallow 
60 
ll 
fennel seeds 
. . . 1 
60 
ll 
aniseed 
12 
Weil's disease'. An acute infectious febrile affec- 
tion, characterized by a distinct fever range of eight 
or ten days' duration, jaundice with enlarged liver 
and spleen, persistent headache, and frequently com- 
plicated by acute nephritis. The mortality is small, 
and recovery is usually rapid and complete. This 
disease may be mistaken for typhoid fever. 
Weit'brecht, car'tilage of. Interarticular cartilage 
of claviculo-acromial articulation. W., lig'ament of, 
ligament of Weitbrecht; oblique ligament. 
Wel'come-to-our-house. Euphorbia cyparissias. 
Weld. Reseda luteola. 
Welk (like Wheal). Whelk. An inequality; a 
protuberance; a cutaneous eruption of this character; 
acne. 
Wellingto'nia gigante'a. Sequoia gigantea, ac- 
according to English botanists. 
Wells's fa'cies. Ovarian facies. 
Wen. Encysted sebaceous tumor, affecting chiefly 
the scalp and face; single or multiple. 
Werl'hofFs disease'. Purpura htemorrhagica. 
West African pep'per. Ashantee pepper. W. In'- 
dian ki'no, kino from Jamaica. W. I. molas'ses, 
the residue from manufacture of raw sugar. WHITECAP 
used as a cathartic, and in small doses for night- 
sweats of phthisis. W. al'der, Clethra alnifolia. W. 
ar'senic, ordinary arsenious acid. W. ash, Fraxinus 
Americana. W. at'rophy of the op'tic nerve, form of 
atrophy due to some disease beyond the eye, as of cere- 
bral origin. W. a'vens, Geum Virginianum. W. ball, 
Cephalanthus occidentalis. W. bal'sam, that ob- 
tained from fruit of Myroxylon Pereirae by expression, 
coming chiefly from San Salvador; also Gnaphalium 
polycephalum. W. bay, Magnolia glauca. W. bis'- 
muth, subnitrate of bismuth. W. blis'ters, rupia 
escharotica. W. bole, a silicate of aluminum found 
in nature; contains a trace of iron. Possesses absorb- 
ent and astringent properties. W. ce'dar, variety of 
cedar. W. clo'ver, Trifolium repens. W. co'hosh, 
Actaea alba. W. col'umns, white columns of spinal 
cord. W. com'missure, anterior portion of spinal 
commissure, also called anterior commissure. W. 
cream of tar'tar, see Potassii supertartras. W. dit'- 
tany, Dictamnus albus. W. of egg, albumen ovi. W. 
elm, Ulmus Americana. W. flag, Florentine orris. W. 
flake, plumbi subcarbonas. W. flux, of India, diar- 
rhoea alba or chylosa. W. galls, the nutgalls 
procured after the escape of the fly; they are inferior 
to black galls. W. gin'ger, a species of ginger; see 
Ginger. W. gum, Lichen strophulus. W. hel'lebore, 
Veratrum album; rhizome is used in medicine. It is 
an exceedingly violent emetic and cathartic; exter- 
nally is employed as a parasiticide. W. ipecacuan'ha, 
root of Richardsonia scabra of Brazil. W. lead, plumbi 
carbonas. W. leaf, Pyrola maculata; Spiraea tomen- 
tosa. W. leg, phlegmatia dolens. W. let'tuce, Pre- 
nanthusalbus. W. lily, the bulbsand flowers of Lilium 
album. Bulbs are used as a poultice, and an oily in- 
fusion of the flowers is also employed locally. W. 
line of pel'vic fas'cia, white line extending from 
the pubis to the spine of the ischium, aponeurotic in 
nature, situate on inner surface of obturator internus 
muscle, and marking the origin of the levator ani 
and rectovesical fascia. W. lu'pine, Lupinus albus. 
W. mat'ter of the brain, see Cerebrum. ~W. mel'ilot, 
Melilotus albus. W. mus'tard, Sinapis alba; seed is 
employed in medicine as emetic, counter-irritant, and 
stimulant. W. oak bark, bark of Quercus alba. W. 
pep'per, ripe fruit of Piper nigrum; rarely used. W. 
Peru bal'sam, soft resin compressed from fruit of 
Myroxylon pereirae. W. pine, Pinus strobus. W. pop'- 
lar, Liriodeudron tulipifera. W. precip'itate, hydrar- 
gyrum ammoniatum (U. S. Ph.). W. root, Angelica 
lucida; Asclepias tuberosa; Lingusticum actaeifolium. 
W. ros'in, ordinary rosin which has been fused and 
then mixed with water, thus being rendered opaque 
and white. W. saun'ders, Santalum album. W. 
snake'root, Eupatorium ageratoides. W. soft'ening, 
a form of softening occurring usually in the white 
matter, especially about tumors and abscesses. W., 
Span'ish, bismuth subnitrate. W. sub'stance of 
Schwann, see Nerve-fibre. W. swell'ing, hydrarthrus. 
W. swell'ing of lying-in women, phlegmatia dolens. 
W. tar'tar, crude impure bitartrate of potassium de- 
posited during fermentation on outside of casks con- 
taining white wine. W. tinc'ture, composed of cin- 
chona, 6 p.; gentian, 2; orange-peel, 2; cinnamon, 1; 
dilute alcohol, 50; macerate (Ph. G.). W. tur'pen- 
tine, officinal turpentine. W. vera'trum, Veratrum 
album. W. ver'vain, root of Verbena urticifolia; has 
been used in malaria. W. vit'riol, sulphate of zinc. 
W. wal'nut, Juglans cinerea. W. wax, bleached yel- 
low wax. W. weed, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
W. wine, according to U. S. Ph. the fermented juice of 
grapes free from seeds, skins, and stems; containing 
not less than 10 nor more than 12 per cent., by weight, 
of alcohol. W. wood, liriodendron; Tilia Americana. 
White'cap. Spiraea tomentosa. 
White'ness of complexion. Paleness. 
Whitening. Carbonate of calcium. 
Whites, The. Leucorrhcea. 
Whi'ting. Prepared chalk; used as whitewash and 
in the manufacture of putty. Also Gadus merlangus. 
Whitley'a stramonifo'lia (after Whitley, an English 
botanist). Anisodus luridus. 
1171 
WINCKEL'S DISEASE 
Whit'low. Paronychia. W. grass, genus Draba, of 
ord. Crucifer®. 
Whoop'ing-cough (from the attendant whoop). 
Pertussis. 
Whorl. In botany, a number of organs arranged 
about the central axis of a plant; verticil. W. of 
the heart, vertex of the heart. 
Whor'lywort. Leptandra purpurea. 
Whor'tleberry. Vaccinium myrtillus; Vaccinium 
vitis id®a. W., bear's, Arbutus uva ursi. 
Whorts, black. Vaccinium myrtillus. 
Whytt's disease (after Dr. Robt. Whytt of Edin- 
burgh). Hydrocephalus internus. 
Wico'py. Dirca palustris. 
Wid'owwail. Cneorum tricoccum; Daphne Alpina. 
Wig'ger's er'gotin. Extract of ergot, prepared 
from ergot from which the fixed oil has been ex- 
tracted with ether. 
Wild. Uncultivated. An epithet given to the coun- 
tenance when not in harmony with the condition of 
the individual, indicating strong mental emotion, as 
a wild look. W. all'spice, Benzoin odoriferum. W. 
ba'sil, Chenopodium vulgare; Pycnanthemum inca- 
num. W. ber'gamot, Monarda fistulosa. W. cab'- 
bage, Brassica oleracea. W. cham'omile, Martula cot- 
ula. W. cher'ry, Prunus Virginiana; sedative, tonic, 
and expectorant. W. cherry bark, bark of Prunus 
serotina. W. cin'namon, see Cinnamon. W. clove, 
Myrcia acris. W. cof'fee, see Coffee. ~W. col'um- 
bine, see Columbine. W. cu'cumber, see Cucumber. 
W. fire, erysipelas. W. fire rash, ignis sylvaticus. 
W. gar'lic, Canadian snakeroot, Asarum Canadense; 
rhizome is used; has diaphoretic, stimulant, and car- 
minative properties. W. hip'po, Euphorbia ipecacu- 
anha ; see Hippo. W. hore'hound, see Horehound. 
W. in'digo, see Indigo. W. ip'ecac, see Ipecac. W. 
jal'ap, see Jalap. W. Job's tears, Ouosmodium 
Virginianum. W. leek, Allium triococcum. W. 
lem'on, see Lemon. W. lich'en, Lichen agrius. W. 
lic'orice, see Licorice. W. mar'joram, see Marjoram. 
W. mint, Mentha Canadensis. W. monks'hood, Acon- 
itum uncinatum. W. on'ion, Allium cernuum. W. 
pars'nip, Sium latifolium. W. pep'pergrass, Lepidi- 
um Virginicum. W. pota'to, see Potato. W. rad'ish, 
Raphanus raphanistrum. W. rice, see Rice. W. rose'- 
mary, Andromeda polyfolia. W. sarsaparil'la, see 
Sarsaparilla. W. sen'na, see Senna. W. thyme, see 
Thymus serpyllum. W. yam, rhizome of Dioscorea 
villosa, indigenous in the Eastern States; has been 
used in bilious colic. 
Wilde, cords of. Transverse stri® on corpus cal- 
losum, showing course of fibres from one hemisphere 
to the other. 
Wilde's incis'ion. Incision of soft parts in opera- 
tion upon mastoid region. 
Will. Voluntas. 
WilTan. Salix. 
Wil'lan's lu'pus. Tubercular lupus. 
Wil'lis, circle of. See Circuius. 
Wil'low. Salix. W., Bed'ford, Salix fragilis. W., 
broad'-leaved, Salix latifolia. W., crack, Salix frag- 
ilis. W., great round'-leaved, Salix caprea. W. 
herb, com'mon, Lythrum salicaria. W. herb, great, 
Epilobium angustifolium. W. herb, pur'ple, Lyth- 
rum salicaria. W. herb, pur'ple-veined, Epilobium 
coloratum. W., low bush, Salix humilis. W., red, 
Cornus sericea. W. rose, Cornus sericea. W., 
speck'led, Salix humilis. W., sweet, Myrica gale. 
W., white, Salix alba. 
Wil'son's disease. Generalized exfoliative der- 
matitis. W.'s mus'cle, a muscle the existence of 
which is disputed, described in 1813 by Wilson as 
arising from the pubes and inserted with the one of 
the opposite side into the membranous urethra. This 
term has also been erroneously applied to the levator 
prostat®. 
Winc'kel's disease. An acute disease of new-born 
infants, characterized by icterus, cyanosis, hemor- 
rhages from various organs, infarctions of the kidney, 
and fatty degeneration of the liver. It is an extremely 
fatal affection; nineteen cases observed by Winckel WIND 
in 1879 died within thirty-two hours after the onset 
of the disease. It is sometimes called epidemic hsemo- 
globinuria of the new-born. 
Wind. Breath. See Flatulence. W. of a ball or 
shot, sometimes improperly termed Windage ; a term 
applied to the compression of air supposed to be pro- 
duced by the passage of a ball near a part of the 
body, so as to occasion what has been called a wind 
contusion. W. contu'sion, see Wind of a ball. W. 
drop'sy, emphysema; tympanites. W. fertilized or 
Anemophilous, term applied to flowers which re- 
quire transportation of their pollen by the wind in 
order to effect fertilization. W. flow'er, anemone. 
W. getting, gradual increase in the capability of the 
heart, especially of the right cavities, as a result of 
training. W. pipe, trachea. W. pox, see Varicella. 
W. root, Asclepias tuberosa. W. stroke, acute spinal 
paralysis of the horse. W. weed, Asclepias tuberosa. 
Wind'age. See Wind of a ball. 
Windtness. Flatulence. 
Wind'sor bean. Horse-bean, Vida faba. Used as 
food in the U. S. and Europe. 
Wind'y. Flatulent; caused by wind or flatulence, 
as windy food, windy colic, etc.; one affected with 
flatulence or troubled with wind. 
Wine. A name given by chemists to all liquors 
which have become spirituous by fermentation. The 
term is generally, however, restricted to the fer- 
mented juice of the grape, or fruits the product of 
whose fermentation resembles in almost all respects 
that of the juice of the grape. Wine is composed of 
the following ingredients (Pareira): Water, alcohol, 
bouquet or aromatic substance, sugar, gum, extrac- 
tives, gluten (except where tannin is present), acetic 
acid, bitartrate of potassium, tartrate of potassium, 
aluminum (in German wines), sulphate of potassium, 
potassium and sodium chlorides, tannin, and color- 
ing matter (in red wines), carbonic acid (in cham- 
pagne). The extractive coloring matter is chiefly 
met with in red wines. All these constituents, 
except the alcohol, are found ready formed in 
the grape. The alcohol proceeds from the decom- 
position of the saccharine matter. A part of the 
acetic acid is also formed during fermentation. In 
all wines there is more or less of an odorous prin- 
ciple, partly derived directly from the grape and 
partly formed during fermentation, which has the 
characters of an essential oil, constitutes the perfume 
or bouquet of the wine, and is said not to exceed the 
forty-thousandth part of the wine. It is regarded as 
a true ether-a combination of oxide of ethyl with 
cenanthic acid. 
From a table by Brande, exhibiting the quantity 
of spirit in different kinds of wines and liquors pre- 
pared for the London market, we obtain the follow- 
ing information as to the proportion of' alcohol in 
each: 
Proportion of Alcohol, s. g. 0.825, in one hun- 
dred PARTS BY MEASURE OF THE FOLLOWING 
Wines and Malt and Spirituous Liquors. 
Port-average of six kinds 23.48 
" -highest 25.83 
" -lowest 21.40 
Madeira 24.42 
" 23.93 
" 19.24 
Sherry 19.83 
" 19.81 
" 18.79 
" 18.25 
Claret 17.11 
" 16.32 
" 14.08 
" 12.91 
Sauterne 14.22 
Burgundy 16.60 
" 15.22 
" 14.53 
" 11.95 
Hock 14.37 
" 13.00 
" (old in cask) 8.88 
Johan nisberger 8.71 
Champagne (still) 13.80 
1172 
WINE-WHEY 
Champagne (sparkling) 12.80 
" (red) 12.56 
" 11.30 
Red Hermitage 12.32 
Orange wine 11.26 
Tokay 9.88 
Elder wine 9.87 
Rhenish wine 8.71 
Cider-highest average 9.87 
" -lowest 5.21 
Mead . 7.32 
Ale (Burton) 8.88 
" (Edinburgh) 6.20 
Brown stout 6.80 
London porter-average 4.20 
" small beer-average 1.28 
Brandy 53.39 
Rum 53.68 
Gin 51.6O 
Scotch whiskey 54.32 
Irish " . 53.90 
The only wine recommended in some pharma- 
copoeias is S herry. It is a dry wine, the least variable 
in its properties, and agrees best with the dyspeptic. 
The brown sherries differ from the pale in the addi- 
tion of a coloring liquid to the former, termed arrope, 
prepared by boiling sherry down to a syrup; but 
they frequently owe their hue to burnt sugar or cara- 
mel. The wines habitually drunk are almost innu- 
merable. Those that are sweet or contain a large 
portion of free saccharine matter are decidedly the 
least wholesome to the dyspeptic. When wine is 
good and of a proper age, it is considered by many 
persons as tonic and nutritive; when new, flatulent 
and cathartic, disagreeing with the stomach and 
bowels. In medicine it is a valuable tonic in the last 
stages of debilitating or typhoid diseases, when the 
skin is not too hot and dry. Its use, however, re- 
quires great caution, and when once commenced 
under proper circumstances, it cannot be suddenly 
dropped without mischief. It is, perhaps, the best 
permanent stimulus in the catalogue of the materia 
medica. 
Wine of al'oes. Vinum aloes. W., amina'an, once 
esteemed as stomachic. W., antimo'nial, vinum an- 
timonii. W., antiscorbutic, vinum antiscorbuticum. 
W., aromat'ic, vinum aromaticum. W., bark, com'- 
pound, vinum de kina kina compositum. W., 
bar'ley, cerevisia. W., bitter, diuret'ic, vinum 
diureticum amarum. W., ce'dar, cedrinum vinum. 
W., champagne', vinum campanum. W., Chian', 
Chium vinum. W. of col'chicum, vinum colchici. 
W. of col'chicum-root, vinum colchici radicis. W. 
of col'chicum-seed, vinum colchici seminis. W., 
diuret'ic, a wine recommended by Trousseau as a 
hydragogue in organic affections of the heart, espe- 
cially such as are accompanied with dropsy. It is 
made as follows: vin. albi, 750 grammes ; scilla corm., 
5 grammes; bacc. junip., 50 grammes; digitalis fol., 
10 grammes; macerate together for four days; add 
potass, acetat., 15 grammes, and filter; see Vinum diu- 
reticum amarum. W. of er'got, vinum ergota. W. 
of gentian, com'pound, vinum gentiana composi- 
tum. W. of hel'lebore, white, vinum veratri. W. 
of ipecacuan'ha, vinum ipecacuanha. W. of i'ron, 
vinum ferri. W. of i'ron, cit'rate of, vinum ferri 
citratis. W., med'icated, vinum medicinale. W., 
mulled, see Wine. W. of o'pium, vinum opii. W., 
or'ange, vinum aurantii. W. of pep'sin, vinum 
pepsini. W., port, vinum Portugallicum. W. of 
qui'nia, vinum quinia. W., rhu'barb, vinum rhei. 
W., sher'ry, vinum. W. of squill, vinum scilla. 
W., steel, vinum ferri. W., tar, see Pinus sylvestris. 
W., tobac'co, vinum tabaci. W. vin'egar, acetum 
vini; vinegar produced by acetic fermentation of 
wine. W., white, see Wine. W. of worm'wood, 
vinum absinthites. 
Wine-bit'ters. The formula for these may be 
various. The following is as good and agreeable as 
any: rad. gentian., Ibj; cort. aurant., sem. car- 
dam. cort., cinnam. cort., wine, foreign or 
domestic, cong. iiiss; tonic and stomachic. 
Wine-nose. Acne rosacea. 
Wine-whey. White-wine whey. Take of good milk WINGED 
two-thirds of a pint, and add water to make a pint. 
Take of sherry or any other good white wine two 
glasses, and of sugar a dessertspoonful. Place the 
milk and water in a deep pan on the fire, and the 
moment it boils pour into it the wine and sugar. 
Stir assiduously for twelve or fifteen minutes, while 
it boils. Strain through a sieve. It is a good mode 
of giving wine in adynamic states. 
Winged elm. Ulmus alata. W. scap'ulae, appear- 
ance presented by the scapulae in tuberculosis of the 
lungs. 
Wings of Ingras'sias. Wings of sphenoid. W. 
of sphe'noid, two pairs of lateral processes proceed- 
ing from the body of the sphenoid bone. The greater 
wings articulate posteriorly with the petrous and 
squamous portions of the temporal bone, anteriorly 
with the frontal, parietal, and malar bones. The 
lesser wings assist in forming the posterior portion of the 
roof of the orbit, articulating with the frontal bone. 
Wing'seed. Ptelea trifoliata. 
Wink'ers. Cilia. 
Wink'ing. Nictation. Closure of the eyelids. 
Wins'low, fora'men of. Hiatus of Winslow. W., 
lig'ament of, see Genu. W., posterior lig'ament of, 
see Genu. 
Win'ter bloom. Hamamelis Virginiana. W. cherry, 
physalis; see Cherry. W. clover, Mitchella repens. 
W. cough, chronic bronchitis. W. grapes, frost grapes. 
W. itch, form of itch occurring in winter, chiefly on 
the lower extremities, attended by intense itching 
and burning sensation. The skin is commonly harsh 
and dry. W. plum, Diospyros Virginiana; ordinary 
persimmon. W. sa'vory, Satureia Montana. 
Winte'ra (after Captain Winter, who first carried 
it to Europe) or W. aromat'ica. Winter's bark tree, ord. 
Magnoliacese. The bark, Wintera, is very much allied 
in its properties to Canella alba. W. canel'la, Canella 
alba. 
Wlntera'na aromat'ica. Wintera aromatica. 
Win'terberry, smooth. Prinos Isevigatus. W., 
Virginia, prinos. W., whorled, prinos. 
Wintergreen. Gaultheria. Pyrola. Pyrola macu- 
lata. 
Win'ter's bark. Bark of Drimys winteri. Tonic. 
Wintera aromatica. 
Wint'rich's sign. Change of pitch of percussion 
note over a cavity in the lungs, according as the 
mouth is opened or closed. 
Wir'sung's duct. See Pancreas. 
Wis'dom teeth. See Dentition. 
Wismu'thum. Bismuth. 
Wis'tar, pyr'amids of (after Professor Wistar of 
the University of Pennsylvania). Sphenoidal cornua. 
Wista'ria or Wiste'ria. Genus of shrubs belong- 
ing to the order Leguminosse, so named after Prof. 
Wistar of the University of Pennsylvania. They are 
cultivated chiefly for ornament. They are natives 
of the United States, China, and Japan. 
Wit teeth. See Dentition. 
Witch'en. Sorbus aucuparia. 
Witch-ha'zel. Hamamelis Virginiana; Sorbus 
aucuparia. 
Witch'meal. Lycopodium. 
Witch'wood. Sorbus aucuparia. 
With'ering. Atrophy of an organ or part. 
With'erite. Form of barium carbonate found in 
nature. 
With'ers. Ridges on either side above the shoulders 
of the horse, due to spinous processes of the dorsal 
vertebrae. 
Wiz'en (weasand). Trachea. 
Wladimeroff's opera'tion. An operation for ex- 
cision of the tarsus with the lower ends of the tibia 
and fibula. The lower ends of tibia and fibula, astrag- 
alus, os calcis, and half of scaphoid and cuboid bones 
are excised. The cut surfaces of the scaphoid and 
cuboid are then approximated to those of the tibia 
and fibula, and the wound closed. This procedure is 
also called Mikulicz's operation. 
Woad. Isatis tinctoria. W. wax'en, Genista tinc- 
toria. 
1173 
WORMGRASS 
Wolf'bane. Veratrum viride. 
Wolff'ian bodies. See Corpus Wolffianum. W. 
duct, duct of W. body. 
Wolf'-grape. Solanum dulcamara. 
Wolf'ier's operation. Operation to establish a 
fistulous communication between the stomach and 
upper end of the small intestine in obstructive disease 
of the pylorus. 
Wolf's'bane. Aconitum. W., whole'some, Aconi- 
tum anthora. 
Wolf's'claw. Lycopodium. 
Wolf's'jaw. See Hare-lip. 
Wom'an. Adult human female. 
Wom'anhood. The state of puberty in the female. 
State or qualities of a woman. 
Womb. Uterus. W., falling down of the, pro- 
lapsus uteri. W. grain, ergot. W., inflammation 
of, see Metritis. W., inflammation of the li'ning 
mem'brane of, see Endometritis. "W., laceration of 
the, rupture of the uterus. W. pass'age, see Va- 
gina. W., retroflexion of, see Uterus. W., retrover'- 
sion of, see Uterus. W. stone, uterine myoma which 
has undergone coagulation. W., tym'pany of the, 
physometra. 
Wom'ival. Pereira medica. 
Wood ap'ple. Fruit of Feronia elephantum, na- 
tive of India; has been used as an astringent. W. 
bet'ony, Betonica officinalis. W., Brazil, Caesalpinia 
echinata. W. char'coal, see Charcoal. W., elk, 
Andromeda arborea. W. evil, inflammation of the 
intestines or stomach and intestines of cattle. W. 
lice, onisci aselli. W., March, sanicle. W. naph'- 
tha, acetone. W., Nicara'gua, see Caesalpinia. W. 
oil, gurjun balsam; see Dipterocarpus. W., peach, 
see Caesalpinia. W., Pernambu'ca, Caesalpinia echi- 
nata. W. roof, sweet-scent'ed, Asperula odorata. 
W. sage, teucrium. W. samp'fen, Caesalpinia sappan. 
W. soot, salt of, ammoniae carbonas. W. sor'rel, 
Oxalis acetosella. W., sour, Andromeda arborea. W. 
spirit, methylic alcohol. W. straw'berry, Fragaria 
vesca. W. tar cre'asote, creasotum (Ph. U. S.). W. 
tea, a mixture of sassafras, guaiac wood, ononis root, 
and licorice root, officinal in German Pharmacopoeia. 
W. vin'egar, impure acetic acid obtained from de- 
structive distillation of wood. W. wax'en, Genista 
tinctoria. W. wex, Genista tinctoria. W., witch, 
Sorbus aucuparia. W., yellow, Oxalis stricta. 
Wood'bine, com'mon. Lonicera periclymenum. 
Wood'en tongue. Disease of cattle, due to a micro- 
organism, consisting of nodular tumors in the lung 
and in the subcutaneous and intermuscular tissues. 
Wood's meth'od. Suturing together the pillars of 
the ring for cure of inguinal hernia. 
Woods, sudorific. This term is applied collec- 
tively to guaiacum, sassafras, china, and sarsaparilla, 
which are often used together to form the sudorific 
decoction. 
Wood'y night'shade. Solanum dulcamara. 
Wool. Hair of sheep and certain other mammals. 
W. fat, lanolin. 
Wools, Holmgren's. Collection of different colored 
wools used to detect and estimate the degree of color- 
blindness. 
Wool-sort'er's disease. Anthrax. 
Woorall or Woora'ra. Curare. 
Word-blind'ness. Loss of understanding of writ- 
ten or printed words, although the person so affected 
may be able to write and speak correctly, and even 
read by means of raised letters through the sense of 
touch. Ideation regarding visual perception of let- 
ters is lost. 
Word-deaf'ness. Loss of understanding of spoken 
words, which are heard as sounds only, while power 
of reading and understanding written or printed 
matter is retained. 
Worm. See Alembic, Vermiform process, and Worms. 
W. disease, helminthiasis. W. fe'ver, that due to 
intestinal worms. W. grass, Spigelia Marilandica. 
W., Guin'ea, dracunculus. 
Worm'bark tree. Geoffraea inermis. 
Worm'grass, peren'nial. Spigelia Marilandica. WORMIA EXCELSA 
Wor'mia excel'sa. Tree belonging to the Dilleni- 
acese, native of Java, having large yellow blossoms. 
Wormia'na os'sa or ossic'ula. Wormian bones. 
Small bones which are sometimes observable in the 
sutures of cranial bones, of which they form a part. 
They are called wormiana, from Olaus Wormius, who 
is said to have first described them. They had been 
previously, however, mentioned by G. Andernach, a 
physician at Strasburg. The ossa wormiana exist 
more commonly in the sutures of the vault of the 
skull, especially in the lambdoidal, sagittal, and 
squamous. They are uncommon at the base of the 
skull. Their size is very variable and shape irregu- 
lar. Their structure and development are similar to 
those of the other bones of the cranium, and, like 
them, they are bounded by sutures. 
Wormit. Artemisia absinthium. 
Worm'root. Spigelia Marilandica. 
Worms. Entoparasites. Animals whose common 
character is that of existing only in other animals 
(hence their name entozoa, entos, within, soon, animal). 
They are met with not only in the natural cavities, 
but even in the tissues of the organs, but chiefly in 
the intestines. 
Classification of Worms. 
Vermes, Helmintha. 
A. Platyelmia, flat worms. 
First subclass.-Cestoidea, cestode or tape-worms (ceslus, band 
or girdle, eidos, resemblance). 
First order. -Bothriocephali; bothriocephalus latus. 
Second order.-Taenite. 
I. Taeniae,occurring in the mature state.-1. Taenia solium; 
2. Taenia mediocanellata; 3. Taenia nana. 
II. Immature taeniae.-1. Cysticercus cellulosae; 2. Cysti- 
cercus tenuicollis; 3. Echinococci; Appendix-aceph- 
alocysts; 4. Cysticercus vesicae hominis. 
Second subclass.-Trematoda-worms endowed with suckers 
for adhesion and imbibition (trema, hole). 
Family I. Monostoma.-1. Monostoma lentis. 
Family II. Distoma.-1. Distomum hepaticum; 2. Disto- 
mum lanceolatum; 3. Distomum heterophyes; 4. Disto- 
mum haematobium; 5. Distomum ophthalmobium. 
B. Nematelmia, round-or thread-worms. 
1. Trichocephalus dispar-trichina spiralis; 2. Oxyuris ver- 
micularis; 3. Strongylus gigas; 4. S. longevaginatus; 5. 
Anchylostomum duodenale; 8. Ascaris lumbricoides. 
The most common of these are the Oxyuris ver- 
micularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Taeni®, which 
are found in the intestines. The origin of these 
worms is extremely singular, and more favorable 
than any other fact to the hypothesis of spontaneous 
generation in the lowest tribes of animated nature. 
They are certainly not identical with any worms out 
of the body. They are most commonly met with in 
children improperly fed, but their presence cannot be 
positively detected by any symptoms, except that of 
the discharge of the worms themselves in the evac- 
uations. They may, of course, give rise to every 
kind of irritation in the intestinal tube, and to sym- 
pathetic disturbance in most of the functions; but all 
these signs may be produced by intestinal irritation 
resulting from other cause?. See Anthelmintics, Acne. 
W., errat'ic, see Erratic. 
Worm'seed. Artemisia santonica ; Chenopodium 
anthelminticum. W. goose'foot, Chenopodium an- 
thelminticum. W., Levant', Artemisia santonica. 
W., Tartarian, Artemisia santonica. 
Worm'weed, Cor'sican. Corallina Corsicana; 
Polanisia graveolens. W., white, Corallina. 
Worm/wood, bien'nial. Artemisia biennis. W., 
Can'ada, Artemisia Canadensis. W., com'mon, Ar- 
1174 
WUTZER'S OPERATION 
temisia absinthium. W., creeping, Artemisia rupes- 
tris. W., les'ser, Artemisia pontica. W., Ro'man, 
Artemisia pontica. W., sea, Artemisia maritima. 
W., sil'ky, Artemisia glacialis. 
Wor'sum. Pus. 
Wort. An infusion of malt formerly used in 
scurvy. 
Wound. A solution of continuity in the soft parts 
produced by some mechanical agent. Wounds pre- 
sent innumerable differences as regards their situ- 
ation, the parts interested, direction, size, shape, 
the nature of the instrument or agent producing 
them, their more or less simple or complex character, 
duration, etc. A wound is called incised when made 
by a cutting instrument; punctured when made by a 
pointed instrument; lacerated when parts are lacerated 
or torn by the vulnerating body; poisoned when some 
virulent or venomous substance has been introduced; 
and contused when produced by a blunt body. Gun- 
shot wounds belong to the last division. 
Wound'weed. Solidago odora. 
Wound'wort. Staehys, a genus of plants. 
Woura'li, Woura'ri, or Woura'ru. Curare. 
Wour'nils. Warbles. Irritation of the skin of 
horses and cattle produced by the cestrus bovis, causing 
inflammation from deposits of lymph from the devel- 
opment of larvae from the egg, suppuration, etc. 
Wrack blad'der, yellow. Fucus vesiculosus. W., 
sea, Fucus vesiculosus, Pila marina. 
Wrap'ping up (of the hydropathists). Packing in 
dry or wet sheets, called respectively dry packing 
and wet packing, practised by the hydropathists to 
induce sweating. 
Wreath. See Karyokinesis. 
Wrench. Sprain. 
Wret'weed. Euphorbia palustris. 
Wrick. Sprain. 
Wright'ia. Genus of shrubs belonging to the order 
Apocynacese, growing in India and the Eastern hem- 
isphere. W. antidysenterlca (after Dr. Wright, a 
physician and botanist of Jamaica). Nerium anti- 
dysentericum. W. tincto'ria, tree of India, leaves 
of which furnish an inferior quality of indigo. 
Wrightlne. C24H40N2. Alkaloid from barks of 
Wrightia antidysenterica and Holarrhena antidysen- 
terica; used in diarrhoea and dysentery. 
Wrinkle. A furrow or fold in the skin of the face, 
forehead, vagina, etc. See Corrugation. 
Wrinkled. Full of wrinkles. 
Wris'berg, abdominal brain of. The solar plexus. 
W., car'tilages of, cuneiform cartilages of the larynx. 
W., gan'glion of, cardiac ganglion. W., nerve of, 
cutaneous nerves of the arm, from the second and 
third dorsal nerves. 
Wrist. Carpus. W. clo'nus, rhythmical contrac- 
tion like those of ankle-clonus, produced by grasping 
the tips of the fingers and pressing the hand back- 
ward, so as to obtain hyperextension at the wrist. 
Wrist'-drop. Paralysis of the muscles of the fore- 
arm. induced by lead-poisoning. 
Wrist'-joint. Articulation of radius and triangular 
fibrocartilage with scaphoid, semilunar, and cunei- 
form bones of carpus. 
Writer's cramp. See Cramp, writer's. W.'s.pal'sy, 
see Cramp, writer's. W.'s spasm, see Spasm, writer's. 
Wrong heir. Cancellus. 
Wry'neck. Torticollis. 
Wura'li. Curare. 
Wut'zer's operation. An operation proposed by 
Wutzer for cure of inguinal hernia. X-LEG 
1175 
XANTHURET 
X. 
X-leg. Bending of the leg inward. 
Xalap'a. Convolvulus jalapa. 
Xanthelas'ma palpebra'rum (xanthos, elasma, lam- 
ina). A condition like vitiligoidea favosa, near the 
inner angle of the eyelids, usually associated with or 
dependent upon hepatic derangement. X. pla'num, 
see Vitiligdidea. 
Xanthic, zan'thik (xanthos, yellow). Having yel- 
low color; frequently applied to color of urine. X. 
ox'ide, uric oxide; see Calculi and Urine, examina- 
tion of. 
Xan'thine. C5H4N4O2. Leucomaine found in many 
parts of the body, in plants and seeds, and in urinary 
calculi; it may also be prepared synthetically. See 
Leucomaines (table) and Uric oxide. 
Xan'thium (xanthos, yellow, because of the color 
the plant yields). Lesser burdock, Burweed, Burthistle, 
Clotbur, Cocklebur. This herb was once esteemed for 
the cure of scrofula. The seeds have been adminis- 
tered in cutaneous affections. 
Xanthiu'ria. Xanthuria. 
Xan'tho (xanthos, yellow). Prefix meaning yellow. 
Xanthoceph'alus (xanthos, kephale, head). Term 
used to denote a species of animals having yellow 
heads ; also used to denote a mushroom having a yel- 
low capitulum. 
Xanthochroi'a (xanthos, chroa, color). Xantho- 
pathia. 
Xanthocreatinine, zan-tho-kre-at'in-een. C5H10N4O. 
Chief leucomaine in muscles. Crystallizes in small 
yellow plates. In sufficient dose it is capable of pro- 
ducing dangerous symptoms, ushered in by stupor, 
great muscular weakness, with vomitingand diarrhoea. 
In active muscles it is present with creatinine in 
about the proportion of 1 to 10 of creatinine. See 
Leucomaines (table). 
Xanthoder'ma (xanthos, derma, skin). Xantho- 
pathia. 
Xanthodontous, zan-tho-don'tus (xanthos, odous, 
tooth). Yellowness of the teeth. 
Xan'thogen (xanthos, gennao, to produce). A vege- 
table coloring matter which has a yellow reaction 
with alkalies. 
Xanthoky'anopy (xanthos, kuanos, blue, ope, vision). 
Form of color-blindness in which only yellow and 
blue are appreciated, red and green not being distin- 
guished. 
Xantho'ma (xanthos, oma). Xanthopathia. Neo- 
plastic connective-tissue growths appearing as yellow- 
ish, variously shaped, non-indurated plates or tuber- 
cles, usually about the eyelids and rarely elsewhere. 
See Vitiligdidea. X. diabetico'rum, lesions occurring 
sometimes in the course of diabetes, and resembling 
xanthoma, from which, however, it is pathologically 
different. X. multiplex, lesions are multiple. X. 
palpebra'rum, X. affecting the eyelids. X. pia'num, 
X. having flat lesions. X. tuberculo'sum or tubero'- 
sum, X. in which the lesions are in form of tubercles. 
Xanthomel'anous (xanthos, melas, black). Epithet 
applied to people of yellow, brown, or olive skin and 
black hair. 
Xanthopathi'a or Xanthop'athy (xanthos, pathos, 
affection). Yellow coloration of the skin produced by 
pigmentary change; including lentigo and chloasma. 
Xanthophane, zan'tho-fane. An orange-yellow 
coloring matter derived from the retina. 
Xanthophyll, zan'tho-fil (xanthos, phullon, leaf). 
Yellow pigment contained in leaves of plants and 
petals of flowers. 
Xanthopicrin (zan-tho-pi'krin) or Xanthopi'crite 
(pikros, bitter). See Xanthoxylum clava Herculis. The 
term Xanthopicrite is also applied to a bitter yellow 
principle obtained from several other plants. 
Xanthopro'teic acid. Acid produced by decom- 
position between nitric acid and proteids; it is non- 
crystallizable. X. reac'tion, that derived from add- 
ing ammonia to proteids which have been boiled 
with nitric acid. The result is a deep orange-yellow 
color. 
Xanthop'sia (xanthos, opsis, vision). Yellow vision, 
as sometimes occurs in jaundice. 
Xanthop'sin. Yellow coloring matter of the ret- 
ina. A derivative of santonin, which gives color to 
the urine when santonica is taken internally. 
Xanthopsydracia, zan-tho-sid-ras'e-ah (xanthos, 
psudrax, a pustule). Pimples or pustules having a 
yellow color. 
Xanthopuccine, zan-tho-puk'seen. Alkaloid derived 
from hydrastis. 
Xanthorhamnin, zan-tho-rham'nin. Yellow color- 
ing matter found in berries of rhamnus. 
Xanthorrhiza, zan-thor-rhe'zah (xanthos, rhiza, 
root). Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. X. apiifo'lia, Yellow- 
root, Parsley-leaved yellowroot, Yellowwort, Shrub yellow- 
wort ; root of this American plant-Xanthorrhiza (Ph. 
U. S.)-is a strong and pleasant bitter, and in the dose 
of two scruples agrees with the stomach. 
Xanthorrhoea, zan-thor-rhe'ah (xanthos, rheo, to 
flow, from its yellow resin). Grasstree. A genus of 
trees in Australia, ord. Liliacete, of which there are 
several species. Two resins are obtained from them: 
one, the yellow resin of xanthorrhcea or of New Hol- 
land. Botany Bay resin or gum, acaroid resin or gum, 
which probably resembles tolu and storax in medic- 
inal properties; the other the red resin of xanthor- 
rhcea, blackboy gum. 
Xan'thos (xanthos). Yellow. 
Xantho'sis (xanthos, osis). A term applied to the 
yellow discoloration often observed in cancerous 
tumors, especially in encephaloid of the testicle. 
Xanthostrumarin, zan-tho-strew'mah-rin. Yellow 
non-crystalline glucoside derived from fruit of Xan- 
thium strumarium. 
Xanthoxylaceae, zan-thoks-il-ah'se-e. A natural 
order of trees growing in China and Japan; they all 
have aromatic properties. 
Xanthoxylene, zan-thoks'il-een. C20H16. The 
volatile oil of Xanthoxylum piperitum after xan- 
thoxylin has been separated from it. 
Xanthox'yli fruc'tus. Prickly-ash berries. See 
Xanthoxylum. 
Xanthox'ylin. See Xanthoxylum clava Herculis. 
Xanthoxylum, zan-thoks'il-um (xanthos, xulon, 
wood). Shrubby prickly ash, Toothache bush, Toothache 
tree, Pellitory, Yellowwood, Suterberry ; ord. Xanthoxyl- 
aceae. A spirituous infusion of the bark-Xanthox- 
ylum (Ph. U. S.)-has been recommended in violent 
colic. The fresh juice, expressed from the root of 
xanthoxylum, is said to afford relief in the dry belly- 
ache of the West Indies. A decoction of the bark is 
sometimes used as a wash for foul ulcers. X. Ameri- 
ca'num, prickly ash of the Northern and Middle 
States; X. fraxineum. X. Caribbse'um, a West In- 
dian shrub, said to possess antipyretic qualities. X. 
Carolinia'num has similar properties, but is more 
acrid. X. cla'va Her'culis, of the West Indies, is a 
strong stimulant and powerful sialagogue; has been 
given internally in rheumatism. A neutral, very 
bitter, and astringent substance has been obtained 
from it, called Xanthopicrin, Xanthopicrite, and Xan- 
thoxylin. X. fraxin'eum, xanthoxylum. X. fraxin- 
ifo'lium, xanthoxylum. X. nit'idum, shrub of China; 
febrifuge. X. octan'dra, Fagara octandra. X. pi- 
peri'tum, Fagara piperita. X. ramiflo'rum, xanthox- 
ylum. X. tricar'pum, xanthoxylum. 
Xanthuria, zan-thu're-ah (xanthos, ouron, urine). A 
condition of the system and of the urine in which 
xanthic oxide is deposited from the urine. 
Xanthuret, zan'thu-ret. The product of the com- 
bination of xanthogen with a metallic base. XANTOLINA 
Xantoli'na. Artemisia santonica. 
Xenenthesis, zen-en'thes-is (xenos, a stranger, tithe- 
mi, to place). The act of putting any foreign body 
within the organism. 
Xenodoceum, zen-o-do-se'um (xenos, stranger, decho- 
mai, to receive). Hospital. 
Xenodocheum (zen-o-dok-e'um) or Xenodochi'um 
(xenodocheion). Hospital. 
Xenogamy, zen-og'am-e (xenos, stranger, gamos, 
marriage). Term applied to cross-fertilization of 
flowers by pollen from another plant of the same 
species. The pollen is carried by the wind and by 
various insects. 
Xenogenesis, zen-o-jen'es-is. See Heterogenesis. 
Xenomenia, zen-o-men'e-ah (xenos, foreign, menia, 
menstruation. Abnormal or vicarious menstruation. 
Xenophthalmia, zen-of-thal'me-ah. Conjunctivitis 
caused by the presence of a foreign body in the eye; 
traumatic conj unctivitis. 
Xeran'sis (xeros, dry). Arefaction ; drying. 
Xeran'tia (xeros, dry). Drying or desiccative med- 
icines. 
Xerantic, zer-an'tik (xerantichos, relating to the 
process of drying). Producing dryness or being dry. 
Xera'sia (xeros, dry). A disease of the hairs, 
which become dry, cease to grow, and resemble down 
covered with dust. X. cap'itis, xerasia. X. sauri- 
oi'des, an accumulation of sebaceous substance on 
the surface of the skin, desiccating in scales or 
spines. 
Xe'rion (xeros, dry). Catapasma. 
Xe'ro (xeros, dry). In composition, dry. 
Xerocollyrium, zer-o-kol-lir'e-um (xero, kollourion, 
collyrium). A dry collyrium. 
Xeroder'ma (xero, derma, skin). Diminution of se- 
cretion of the sebaceous glands. X. ichthyo'des, 
ichthyosis. 
Xero'ma (xero, oma). Xerophthalmia. X., con- 
juncti'val, xerophthalmia. X., lac'rymal, suppres- 
sion of the lacrymal secretion ; see Xerophthalmia. 
Xeromycter, zer-o-mik'ter. Xeromycteria. 
Xeromycteria, zer-o-mik-ter'e-ah (xero, mukter, 
nose). Dryness of the nose. 
Xerom'yron (xero, muron, ointment). A dry oint- 
ment. 
Xerophagia (zer-o-faj'e-ah) or Xeroph'agy (xero, 
phago, to eat). Excessive use of dry ointment. 
Xerophthalmia, zer-of-thal'me-ah (xero, ophthalmia, 
inflammation of the eye). An inflammation of the 
eye, without discharge. This term-as well as Con- 
junctival and Lacrymal xeroma and Cuticular conjunc- 
tiva-has been given to cases in which the conjunc- 
tiva is so changed that it presents more of the cha- 
racters of skin than of mucous membrane. Lippitudo. 
Xerosztoma or Xerostomia, zer-os-tom'e-ah (xeros, 
dry, stoma, mouth). Deficiency of secretion in the 
mouth. Aptyalism. 
Xerotrib'ia (xero, tribo, to rub). See Friction. 
Xerotripsis, ze-ro-trip'sis. Dry friction. 
Ximenia, zim-en'e-ah. African plant, the leaves of 
which are anthelmintic. See Agiahalid. 
Xiphister'num (xipho, sternum). Xiphoid cartilage. 
Xiph'o (xiphos, sword). In composition, ensiform 
cartilage. 
Xiphocostal (zi-fo-kos'tal) lig'ament. The liga- 
ment extending from the xiphoid to the cartilage of 
the seventh rib. See Xiphoid ligament. 
Xiphodes, zif-o'dees. Xiphoid. 
Xiphodymus (zif-od'im-us) or Xiphod'ymus (xipho, 
dueo, to mingle). Thoracogastrodidymus. 
1176 
XYXIDACEZE 
Xiphoid, zi'foid (xipho, eidos, shape). Sword-shaped. 
Ensiform appendix, cartilage, or process. Name of the 
appendix terminating beneath the sternum. X. lig'- 
ament, Costoxiphoid ligament, is a small, very thin lig- 
amentous fasciculus passing from the cartilage of pro- 
longation of the seventh rib to the anterior surface 
of the xiphoid cartilage, where it is inserted by its 
fibres decussating with those of the opposite liga- 
ment. 
Xiphoidian, zi-foid'e-an. Relating or attached to 
the xiphoid cartilage. 
Xiphopages (zif-op'aj-ees) or Xyphopa'ges (xipho, 
pegnumi, to fix). Monstrosity in which twins are 
united by the epigastrium, as in the case of the 
Siamese twins. 
Xiphoster'num. Xiphoid. 
Xylene, zi'leen. Xylol. 
Xylo-al'oes (xulon, wood, aloes). Agallochum. 
Xylob al 'samum. See Amyris opohalsamum. 
Xylocar'pous (xulon, wood, karpos, fruit). Bearing 
woody fruit. 
Xylocas'sia. Laurus cassia. 
Xylocinnamo'mum. Laurus cinnamomum. 
Xyloid, zi'loid (xulon, wood, eidos, resemblance). 
Wood-like, woody; having resemblance to wood. 
Xyloidin, zi-loid'in. CeH9(No2)O5. Substance 
formed by action of nitric acid on potato starch. It 
is a tasteless white powder, soluble in boiling water 
and insoluble in alcohol. 
Xylol, zi'lol (xulon, wood). Colorless hydrocarbon 
derived from coal-naphtha by distillation, mixture 
with sulphuric acid, and dry distillation, and subse- 
quent purification. It has been employed in vari- 
ola. It is given in doses of ten to fifteen drops 
to adults, three to five drops to children, every 
hour or two, in that disease. Chemically, dimethyl 
benzine. 
Xyloma, zil-o'mah. Woody tumor of plants. 
Xylophilous, zi-lof'il-us (xulon, wood, phileo, to 
love). Term applied to animals and plants living in 
or upon decayed wood. 
Xylopia, zi-lo'pe-ah. Genus of shrubs of order 
Anonaceae, growing in the West Indies and Brazil; 
possessing aromatic properties. X. aromat'ica bears 
aromatic fruit which is used as a condiment. X. 
grandiflo'ra bears fruit which possesses carminative 
properties. 
Xylostyp'tic ether. Styptic collodion; used chiefly 
in surgery. 
Xympathi'a. Sympathy. 
Xy'ris (xuron, razor, from the shape of its leaves). 
Iris fcetidissima. X. bulbo'sa, Yellow-eyed grass; in- 
digenous ; ord. Xyridaceae; roots and leaves are used 
by the Hindoos in lepra and chronic cutaneous dis- 
eases. 
Xy'rum or Xy'rus (xuron). Razor. 
Xy'sis (xuo, to scrape). Rubbing, scraping, tear- 
ing, rasping. 
Xysma, zis'mah (xusma, shaving). Linteum; ras- 
ura; scobs. 
Xysmus, zis'mus (xuo, to scrape). Scraping, as a 
bone. 
Xys'ter (xusier, a scraper). Instrument for scrap- 
ing. 
Xystos, zis'tos (xustos, scraped). Linteum. 
Xystrum, zis'trum (xustron, a scraper). Instru- 
ment for scraping. X. ophthal'micum, instrument 
for scraping the eye or the lids. 
Xyxida'ceae. A natural order of small shrubs, 
growing chiefly in the tropics. Y-CARTILAGE 
1177 
Y-WER-A 
Y. 
Y-car'tilage. Cartilage uniting the three parts of 
the hip-bone in the acetabulum, before puberty; 
later in life it undergoes ossification. 
Y-lig'ament. See Ligament, ileo-femoral. 
Y-shaped cen'tre. Term sometimes applied to T- 
cartilage. 
Yam. Esculent root principally obtained from 
Dioscorea alata, D. bulbifera, and D. sativa. They 
grow spontaneously in both the Indies, and their 
roots are eaten promiscuously, as the potato is with 
us. Their taste is somewhat like that of the potato. 
Y. root, wild, Dioscorea villosa. 
Yard. Penis. 
Yar'row, com'mon. Achillea millefolium. 
Yau'pon. Ilex vomitoria. 
Ya'va skin. Elephantiasis Arabum. 
Yawn'ing. Gaping. A deep inspiration, with con- 
siderable separation of the jaws, executed slowly and 
in an involuntary manner, followed by a prolonged 
sonorous expiration. This respiratory movement is 
preceded by a feeling of oppression in the epigastric 
region and in the muscles of respiration and masti- 
cation. Yawning has been conceived to be owing to 
torpor in the pulmonary circulation, the causes pro- 
ducing it being commonly ennui, fatigue, sleepiness, 
monotonous sounds, hunger, sympathy, etc. Yawn- 
ing often precedes the invasion of certain intermit- 
tents, attacks of hysteria, etc., and it may, by its fre- 
quency and obstinacy, become a true disease. 
Yaw'root. Stillingia. 
Yaws. Frambcesia. 
Yeast. A peculiar product which collects on the 
surface of beer while fermenting. Yeast is antiseptic. 
It is applied in the form of cataplasm to foul ulcers, 
acting by virtue of the generation of carbonic acid 
gas. Y. plant, Torula cerevisiae. 
Yelk. See Ovum. 
Yel'low. One of the seven primitive colors. See 
Spectrum. Y. ash, Cladrastis tinctoria. Y. at'rophy 
of liv'er, an acute general disease of the liver at- 
tended by destructive changes in the cells. Also 
called malignant jaundice, because of its extreme 
fatality. Y. bed'straw, Galium verum. Y. ber'ry, 
Podophyllum montanum. Y. cincho'na, bark of 
Cinchona calisaya. Y. dock, Rumex crispus. Y. dye 
tree, Coelocline polycarpa. Y. elas'tic tis'sue, form 
of connective tissue having anastomosing fibrillae; 
elastic, broken ends curl up, and acids and alkalies 
do not affect it like ordinary connective tissue. Y. 
eye, Hydrastis Canadensis. Y. fe'ver, see Fever, 
yellow. Y. fe'ver, mild, see Relapse. Y. gen'tian, 
Gentiana lutea. Y. i'odide of mer'cury, mercurous 
iodide. Y. Jack, fever, yellow. Y. jas'mine, gel- 
semium. Y. la'dies' bed'straw, Galium verum. Y. 
lig'aments occupy the spaces between the vertebral 
plates, from the interval which separates the second 
vertebra from the third to that which separates the 
last vertebra from the sacrum. They are so called in 
consequence of their color. Y. mel'ilot, Melilotus 
altissimus. Y. mercu'rial lo'tion, yellow wash. Y. 
mercu'ric ox'ide, hydrargyri oxidum flavum (Ph. 
Br.). Y. mus'tard seed, white mustard. Y. ox'ide 
of mer'cury, mercuric oxide. Y. paint, Hydrastis 
Canadensis. Y. paril'la, Menispermum Canadense. 
Y. pine, Pinus palustris. Y. pond'-lily, Nuphar ad- 
vena. Y. pop'lar, Liriodendron tulipifera. Y. prus'- 
siate of pot'ash, ferrocyanide of potassium. Y. puc- 
coon', Hydrastis Canadensis. Y. res'in, resina (Ph. 
U. S.). Y. root, Jeffersonia Bartoni. Y. root, pars'ley- 
leaved, Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. Y. root, shrub, 
Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. Y. saun'ders, Santalum al- 
bum. Y. star, Helenium autumnale. Y. subsul'- 
phate of mer'cury, mercuric basic sulphate; turpeth 
mineral. Y. vision, xanthopsia, usually dependent 
on jaundice. Y. wash, made by addition of mercuric 
chloride to lime-water in proportion of 1 to 243 (Ph. 
Br.) or 1 to 300 (Cod.). It consists of mercuric oxide 
held in suspension by calcium-chloride solution. Y. 
wa'ter-lily, Nuphar advena. Y. wax, ordinary bees- 
wax ; to prepare, express the honey, melt the residue 
in boiling water, and pour into moulds. Y. weed, 
Ranunculus acris. Y. wood, Xanthoxylum fraxineum. 
Y. wood, pars'ley-leaved, Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. 
Y. wood'sorrel, Oxalis stricta. 
Yellows. Cypripedium luteum. Icterus. See 
Leucorrhoea and Ranunculus acris. 
Ye'men ul'cer. See Beriberi. 
Yer'ba bue'na. Micromeria Douglasii. Y. man'- 
sa, Anemopsis Californica. Leaves possess tonic, 
astringent, and stimulant properties, and have also 
been used in malarial fevers. Y. mate, Ilex Para- 
guayensis. Paraguay tea. Y. reu'ma, Frankenia 
grandifolia. Y. san'ta, Eriodictyon Californicum. 
Yest. Yeast. 
Yew'tree. Taxus baccata. Y., American, Taxus 
Canadensis. 
Yex (by onomatopoeia). Singultus. 
Y'lech. Ilech. 
Ylia'ter. Ilech. 
Yoke (by onomatopoeia). Singultus. 
Yolk (yelk). See Ovum and Vesicula umbilicalis. 
Y. gran'ules, small granules within the yolk. Y. 
mem'brane, see Fesica/a umbilicalis. Y. plates, plate- 
like yolk-granules. Y. rest, central mass of cells 
forming segmentation spheres. Y. sac, the bag-like 
portion of the splanchnopleure extending beyond the 
body of the embryo. Y. stalk, the narrow part of 
the yolk-sac connecting it with the embryo. 
Yo'pon. Ilex vomitoria. 
Young-Helm'holtz the'ory. An hypothesis ex- 
plaining color-sense by the supposition that there are 
three kinds of nervous elements corresponding to the 
primary colors, and that we perceive these colors by 
stimulation of these nerve-elements. 
Young's rule. A rule for adjusting the dose of 
medicines to the age of the patient, Add twelve to 
the age and divide the age by the result. See Doses. 
Youpon. Ilex cassine. " Black tea," formerly 
used by the Indians, consisted of a decoction of the 
leaves of this plant. It contains caffein, and is still 
used in the Southern United States as a beverage. 
Youth. Adolescence. 
Youth'wort. Drosera rotundifolia. 
Ypseloglossus, ip-sel-o-glos'sus. Basioglossus. 
Yrides, ir'id-ees. Orpiment. 
Y. s. Abbr. for yellow spot. 
Ysam'bra. An ancient Spanish poison, of which 
hellebore formed the greatest part. 
Ys'ope. Hyssopus. 
Yttria, it'tre-ah. An earth named from Ytterby, 
Sweden, where it was discovered. 
Yttrif'erous. Relating to or containing yttria. 
Yt'trium. A metal, the base of yttria. It is of a 
dark-gray color, never occurs free in nature, and very 
little is known concerning its properties. 
Yuc'ca. Genus of Lilacese. Bear-grass. Spanish 
bayonet. Y. filamento'sa grows in Southern U. S. 
A tincture of its root has been recommended in gon- 
orrhoea. Adam's needle is a popular name for this 
plant. 
Yulan'. Magnolia conspicua, a Chinese tree culti- 
vated as an ornament in the United States. 
Yux (by onomatopoeia). Singultus. 
Y-wer-a. See Spirit. ZACCHARUM 
1178 
ZINC! 
z. 
Zac'charum. Saccharum. 
Za'el. Borosail. 
Zaf'fran. Crocus. 
Zaf'fre. Smalt. 
Zam'bo. See Mulatto and Sambo. 
Zamia integrifolla, zam'e-ah in-teg-re-fo'le-ah. 
See Arrow root. Z. pu'mila, see Arrow root. 
Zan'na. A kind of Armenian bole, used by the 
ancients as a desiccative; also called zarnacha. 
Zanthorrhiza apiifolia, zan-thor-rhe'za ap-e-e-fo'- 
le-ah. Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. 
Zanthox'ylum. Xanthoxylum. 
Zappa'nia nodiflo'ra (after Zappa, Italian botanist). 
Anacoluppa. 
Zar. A variety of hysteria among the Abyssinian 
women. 
Zarnacha, zar-nak'ah. Zanna. 
Zar'sa. Smilax sarsaparilla. 
Zarzaparilla, zar-zap-ar-il'lah. Smilax sarsaparilla. 
Ze'a. A genus of Graminacese including several 
species growing in the United States. Z. mays (sea 
or zeia, ancient name of a sort of corn, zao, to live), 
Indian corn, Corn, Turkey or Indian wheat, Maize (ord. 
Graminem), a native of America, much used over the 
whole continent as an article of diet. It is ground 
for the same purposes as wheat, forming excellent 
bread. The fecula or starch-corn-starch, maizena-■ 
makes an agreeable aliment. 
Zedoaria, zed-o-ah're-ah. Ksempferia rotunda. Z. 
lon'ga, see Ksempferia. Z. rotun'da, see Kiempferia. 
Zed'oary. Ksempferia rotunda. 
Zeis'mus. Term used to denote the condition of 
the system induced by the consumption of diseased 
maize as food. 
Zelosis, zel-o'sis. Zelotypia. 
Zjelotypia, zel-o-typ'e-ah (zelos, love, tupos, form, 
model). Violent mental affection produced by the 
acknowledged or presumed infidelity of a beloved 
object, and the consequences of such affection-mel- 
ancholy, mania, etc. 
Ze'ma. Decoction. 
Zen'ker's degenera'tion. Waxy degeneration of 
muscle-substance seen after acute febrile attacks. 
Zeocriton distichum, za-ok'rit-on dis'tik-um (zea, 
corn, krithe, barley). Hordeum. 
Zer'ma. Impetigo ulcerata. 
Zer'na. Impetigo ulcerata. 
Zerum'bet. Cassumuniar. Z. root, rhizome of 
Zinziber zerumbet; possesses carminative powers. 
Ze'sis. Effervescence; decoction. 
Zest. See Citrus medica. 
Zestolusia, zes-to-lu'se-ah (zestos, ebullition, luo, to 
wash). Hot bath. 
Zibe'bae. See Vitis vinifera. 
Zlb'ethum. Civetta. 
Zietris'ikite. A native paraffin of Moldavia; it is 
solid and wax-like. 
Zim'mermann's cor'puscles. The blood-plaques. 
Zinc. A metal obtained from calamine and blende. 
Its color is bluish-white; the fresh surface has con- 
siderable lustre, but is soon dulled, from the facility 
with which it oxidizes; hard; s. g. 6.8. Melts at 
700° Fah., burns with a bright flame in a higher tem- 
perature, and is volatilized in the form of a white floc- 
culent oxide. Its use in medicine is in the formation 
of several preparations. Z., ac'etate of, zinci acetas. 
Z. bro'mide, a white granular, odorless powder hav- 
ing neutral reaction, saline taste, and deliquescing 
rapidly; it has been employed as a remedy for epi- 
lepsy. Z., but'ter of, ziuci chloridum. Z., car'- 
bonate of, zinci carbonas prsecipitatus. Z., car'bon- 
ate of, impure, calamina. Z., chlo'ride of, zinci 
chloridum. Z. chrysophan'ate, red powder used 
as an application to wounds. Z. col'ic, see Zinci ox- 
idum. Z., cy'anide of, zinci cyanuretum. Z., ferro- 
cy'anate of, zinci cyanuretum. Z., ferrocy'anide of, 
zinci ferrohydrocyanas. Z., flow'ers of, zinci oxidum. 
Z., gran'ulated, see Zinc. Z. gynocar'date, yellow 
powder, used in same cutaneous diseases in which 
gynocardic acid is employed. Z., hydrocy'anate of, 
zinci cyanuretum. Z., i'odide of, zinci iodidum. 
Z., io'duret of, zinci iodidum. Z., lac'tate of, 
zinci lactas. Z. and mor'phia, double i'odide of, 
prepared by boiling iodide of iodhydrate of morphia 
with water and zinc, after they have acted on each 
other for some days, filtering, and crystallizing. It 
is considered to combine the properties of morphia 
and the salts of zinc, and has been prescribed as 
an anodyne and antispasmodic; dose, a quarter of 
a grain. Z. o'leate, oleatum zinci; see Oleate and 
Oleatum. Z. ox'ide, zinci oxidum. Z. ox'ide, com- 
mer'cial, zinci oxidum venale. Z. ox'ide, impure, 
tutia. Z. oxychlo'ride, preparation of zinc employed 
by the dentists for temporary filling and in the treat- 
ment of sensitive dentine; made by mixing a con- 
centrated solution of the chloride with oxide of zinc 
receutly prepared by burning zinc. Z. perman'- 
ganate, a crystalline deliquescent brownish salt; 
used as an astringent and antiseptic locally; em- 
ployed in urethritis. Z. phos'phate, zinci phos- 
phas. Z. phos'phide, zinci phosphidum; grayish- 
black powder or in very small crystalline frag- 
ments. It is used in various forms of nervous 
diseases as a substitute for phosphorus; dose, gr. fa 
to gr. |. Z. sal'icylate, a crystalline salt derived 
from reaction between salicylic acid and zinc oxide. 
It is used as an antiseptic and astringent. Z. and 
strych'nia, double i'odide of, prepared by digesting 
for several days in hot water iodide of iodhydrate of 
strychnia and zinc, filtering, and crystallizing; used 
in the same cases as strychnia. Z. sul'phate, zinci 
sulphas. Z. sulphocar'bolate, see Sulphocarbolate. 
Z. sulphy'drate, white substance employed in chronic 
eczema, psoriasis, and parasitic skin diseases. Z. 
vale'rianate, zinci valerianas. 
Zin'chum. Zincum. 
Zin'ci ace'tas (Ph. U. S.) Acetate of zinc, Zn- 
(C2H3O2), 23H2O. Frequently used to form a gently 
astringent wash in ophthalmia and other local in- 
flammations, as an injection in gonorrhoea, in strength 
of gr. j-ij to of distilled water. Z. bro'midum, 
bromide of zinc, ZnBr2; made by dissolving zinc 
in solution of hydrobromic acid; white soluble gran- 
ular powder; has been used in epilepsy. Z. carbo'- 
nas impu'rus, calamiua. Z. carbo'nas praecipita'- 
tus (Ph. U. S.), Precipitated carbonate of zinc; used to 
prepare the zinci oxidum. Z. carbo'nas praepara'- 
tus, calamina preeparata. Z. chlore'tum, zinci chlori- 
dum. Z. chlo'ridi liquor, see Burnett's disinfecting 
liquid. Z. chlo'ridum (Ph. U. S.), Chloride or 
Chloruret of zinc; it is very deliquescent in the air, 
forming the Butter of zinc. Chloride of zinc is a power- 
ful escharotic, and is the basis of different caustic ap- 
plications ; see Pasta zinci chloridi. It is much em- 
ployed as an effective antiseptic; see Burnett's disin- 
fecting liquid. Z. chlorure'tum, Z. chloridum. Z. 
cyanure'tum, Cyanide or Hydrocyanate of zinc. (Salt 
formed by adding sulphate of zinc to hydrocyanate 
of potassium so long as any precipitate is thrown 
down. When dried and calcined at a low heat, the 
product is a mixture of cyanuret of zinc and potas- 
sium.) It has been recommended in nervous cardi- 
algia; dose, gr. It is chiefly used as a caustic, 
one part of the chloride being mixed with four, three, 
or two parts of flour, according to the desired strength, 
and a few drops of water added to form a paste. Z. 
ferrohydrocy'anas, Ferrocyanide or Ferrohydrocyanate 
of zinc, recommended in the same cases as the last 
preparation. Z. hydrocy'anas, zinci cyanuretum. Z. 
io'didum, Iodide or loduret of zinc ; an ointment com- ZINCIC 
posed of a drachm to an ounce of lard has been used in 
cases where the external use of iodide of potassium is 
indicated. Z. iodure'tum, Z. iodidum. Z. lac'tas, 
Lactate of sine; white soluble salt, given in epilepsy in 
doses of two grains, gradually increased to ten. Z. 
nix, zinci oxidum. Z. ox'idum, Oxide of zinc, Flowers 
of zinc (procured by exposing precipitated carbonate 
of zinc to a low-red heat, so as to drive off the car- 
bonic acid and water; Ph. U. S.); said to be tonic 
and antispasmodic; externally detergent and desic- 
cative. Employed in epilepsy, chorea, etc. Usual 
dose, gr. ij-x. For its external use in erysipelas and 
other affections, see Unguentum zinci. This oxide is 
said to be capable of producing a colic resembling 
lead colic, and called Zinc colic. Z. ox'idum impu'- 
rum, tutia. Z. ox'idum vena'le (Ph. U. S.), Commer- 
cial oxide of zinc; a pure oxide of zinc, employed for 
making zinci acetas. Z. phos'phas, Phosphate of zinc; 
a white insoluble salt, employed in insanity occurring 
in convalescence from fevers, epilepsy, etc.; dose, in 
pill, one to three grains. Z. phos'phidum, zinc phos- 
phide. Z. prus'sias, zinci cyanuretum. Z. sal'icy- 
las, zinc salicylate. Z. sul'phas (Ph. U. S.), Sulphate 
of zinc, White vitriol, White copperas; sulphate of zinc 
is in white, semitransparent, efflorescent crystals, sol- 
uble in three parts of water at 60°. It is emetic, 
tonic, antispasmodic, and, externally, astringent; 
dose of the sulphate as an emetic, gr. x-xxx; 
as a tonic, gr. j to ij ; used externally as a collyrium, 
gr. j to water Z. sulphocar'bolas, 
H2O. See Sulphocarbolate. Z. valeria'nas, Valerianate 
or Valerate of zinc; salt formed by saturating vale- 
rianic acid with freshly-prepared carbonate of zinc, or 
by double decomposition of valerianate of sodium and 
sulphate of zinc; Ph. Br.); in pure white pearly scales; 
recommended as a tonic in neuralgic diseases, epilepsy, 
etc.; dose, one or two grains several times a day. 
Zincic, zin'sik. Relating to zinc. 
Zinciferous (zincum, fero, to bear). Containing or 
relating to zinc. 
Zincite, zin'site. A form of reddish zinc ore. 
Zincoid, zin'koid. Resembling zinc. 
Zin'cum. Zinc. Z. ace'ticum, zinci acetas. Z. bo- 
rus'sicum, zinci cyanuretum. Z. broma'tum, zinc 
bromide. Z. calcina'tum, zinci oxidum. Z. carbon'- 
icum, zinc carbonate. Z. chlora'tum, zinci chloridum. 
Z. cyanogena'tum, zinci cyanuretum. Z. ferrohydro- 
cyan'icum, zinci ferrohydrocyanas. Z. granula'tum, 
see Zinc. Z. ioda'tum, zinci iodidum. Z. lac'ticum, 
zinc lactate. Z. muriat'icum, zinci chloridum. Z. 
salicyl'icum, zinc salicylate. Z. sulphophenyl'icum, 
zinc sulphocarbolate. Z. valerian'icum, zinci vale- 
rianas. Z. vitriola'tum, zinci sulphas. Z. zoo'ticum, 
zinci cyanuretum. 
Zinc-white. Oxide of zinc, crude and impure. 
Zin'giber. Amomum zingiber. Z. al'bum, Amo- 
mum zingiber. Z. cassumu'niar, see Cassumuniar. 
Z. commu'ne, Amomum zingiber. Z. fus'eum, Amo- 
mum zingiber. Z. German'icum, Arum maculatum. 
Z. ni'grum, Amomum zingiber. Z. offlcina'le, Amo- 
mum zingiber. Z. purpu'reum, see Cassumuniar. 
Z. spu'rium, see Cassumuniar. Z. zerum'bet, see 
Cassumuniar. 
Zingibera'cese. Natural order of plants, including 
zingiber, renealmia, alpinia, and curcuma. They all 
possess aromatic and stimulant properties. 
Zingib'eris ra'dix con'dita. See Amomum zingiber. 
Z. ra'dix con'dita ex In'dia alla'ta, see Amomum zin- 
giber. 
Zink. Zinc. 
Zin'kum. Zinc. 
Zinn, lig'ament of. That portion of the tendon 
of the recti muscles of the eye which is free from 
attachment to the sheath of the optic nerve. Z., zo'- 
nule or zone of, anterior portion of hyaloid membrane 
around the margin of the crystalline lens. 
Zint. Zincum. 
Zin'ziber. Amomum zingiber. 
Zi'phac. Peritoneum. 
Zir'bus. Epiploon. Z. adipi'nus, gastrocolic epip- 
loon. 
1179 
ZONA 
Zir'con. A mineral compound of zirconia and 
silica; crystalline, transparent, sometimes red. The 
red crystals are used as jewelry, being called hya- 
cinths. 
Zirco'nia. One of the primitive earths. Chemi- 
cally, oxide of zirconium. 
Zir'conite. Name used for grayish or brownish 
crystals of zircon. 
Zirco'nium. Metallic base of zirconia; one of the 
elementary substances of nature; strongly resem- 
bling silicon in its properties, and assuming various 
allotropic forms. 
Zitt'man's decoc'tion. Decoctum Zittmanni. 
Ziza'nia aquat'ica. Wild rice, Canada rice, Water 
oats; ord. Gramineae; called by the Indians Meno- 
mene ; grows abundantly on the marshy margins of 
the northern lakes and waters of the upper branches 
of the Mississippi. The grain resembles oats. 
Ziz'yphus ju'juba. See Jujube. Z. lo'tus, culti- 
vated in Northern Africa for its fruit. Z. nit'ida, 
see Jujube. Z. cenop'lia, ord. Rhamnacese; common 
all over India. Fruit is eaten by the natives. De- 
coction of the bark of the fresh root is used to pro- 
mote the healing of fresh wounds. Z. sati'va, see 
Jujube. Z. sylves'tris, see Jujube. Z. vulga'ris, na- 
tive of Asia Minor; valued for its fruit. 
Zoagria, zo-ag're-ah (zoe, life, agreo, to catch up). 
Saving and preservation of life-zobsis; reward for 
preserving life-zostrum. Votive offerings hung up 
in temples for a life saved. 
Zoanthro'pia (20071, anthropos, man). A species of 
monomania in which the patient believes himself 
transformed into an animal. Lycanthropia and 
cynanthropia belong to this species of monomania. 
Zoa'ra. Insomnia. 
Zo'e. Life. 
Zoetrope, zo'e-trope (zoe, life, trepo, to turn). In- 
strument devised to revolve a series of pictures, 
giving to the eye the appearance of an animal moving. 
Each picture portrays phases of the act of motion. 
Zograph'ia. Zoographia. 
Zoiatri'a (20071, iatreia, medical treatment). Veter- 
inary art. 
Zoiatrus, zo-e-at'rus (soon, iatros, a physician). 
Hippiater: veterinary surgeon; one who attends to 
diseases of animals. 
Zois'mus or Zo'ism. Animality. 
Zoll'ner's lines. Parallel lines intersected obliquely 
by shorter ones, giving to the eye the appearance that 
they are not parallel. 
Zomidin, zo'mid-in. One of the component parts 
of beef extract. 
Zomid'ium (dim. of Zomos, soup). Broth; see Jus. 
Zo'mos (zomos). Consomme. See Broth. 
Zo'na (zone, a girdle). Herpes zoster. Z. arcua'ta, 
internal zone of basilar membrane. Z. cartilagin'ea, 
see Lamina spiralis. Z. castita'tis, hymen. Z. 
choria'cea, see Lamina spiralis. Z. cilia/ris, ciliary 
zone. Z. coch/leae, see Lamina spiralis. Z. coria'cea, 
see Lamina spiralis. Z. denticula'ta, lamina den- 
ticulata. Z. fascicula'ta, see Zona reticularis. Z. 
gangliona'ris, ganglion spirale. Z. glomerulo'sa, 
see Zona reticularis. Z. ig'nea, herpes zoster. Z. 
incer'ta, anterior portion of the reticular formation 
situate beneath the optic thalamus. Z. Ise'vis, Z. 
arcuata. Z. media'na, see Lamina spiralis. Z. mem- 
brana'cea, see Lamina spiralis. Z. mol'lis, see Irm- 
ina spiralis. Z. ner'vea, see Lamina spiralis. Z. or- 
bicula'ris, circular fibres of the capsule of hip- 
joint. Z. os'sea, see Lamina spiralis. Z. pecti- 
na'ta, see Lamina spiralis. Z. pellu'cida, Vitellary 
membrane, Chorion (of some); the membrane sur- 
rounding the yolk in the mammalia; so called on 
account of its breadth and peculiar transparency. Z. 
radia'ta, name applied to Z. pellucida on account of 
its radiating pore-channels. Z. reticula'ris, the inner 
layer, as Zona glomerulosa is the outer layer, of the 
stroma of the cortical part of the suprarenal capsule; 
the main portion is Zona fasciculata. Z. serpigino'sa, 
herpes zoster. Z. tec'ta, inner part of the mem- 
branous spiral lamina of the internal ear, which is ZONXESTHESIA 
covered by the organ of Corti. Z. tendino'sa, the 
whitish circle around each auriculoventricular orifice 
of the heart. Z. Valsal'vse, membranous spiral lam- 
ina. Z. vesicula'ris, see Lamina spiralis. Z. virgin- 
ita'tis, hymen. 
Zonsesthe'sia (zona, aisthesis, feeling). Morbid 
sensation of constriction of a part as by a rope or 
band. 
Zo'nary. Name given to placenta of carnivora 
which forms a broad circular band around the 
chorion. 
Zone. Cincture; girdle; the waist; herpes zoster. 
Z. of Hal'ler, ciliary zone. Z., sclerot'ic, sclerotic 
zone. Z. of Zinn, see Zinn, zone of. 
Zones of bas'ilar mem'brane. These consist of an 
inner and outer zone; the former extending from the 
labium tympanicum to the base of the rods of Corti, 
while the latter extends from the rods of Corti to the 
ligamentum spirale. 
Zo'nula (dim. of Zona) cartilagin'ea. Crista 
spiralis. Z. cilia'ris, vascular layer between margin 
of the retina and periphery of the crystalline lens. 
Z. coch'lese, see Lamina spiralis. Z. Hilda'ni, cin- 
gulum Hildani. Z. ner'vea lam'inae spira'lis mem- 
brana'ceae, crista spiralis. Z. os'sea lam'ina spira'- 
lis, lamina spiralis ossea. Z. of Zinn, zone of Zinn. 
Zon'ular cat'aract. Form of cataract in which 
opaque layers exist between the cortex and nucleus, 
alternating with clear transparent layers; also called 
lamellar cataract. 
Zooam'ylin (zoon, amylum, starch). Glycogenic 
matter. 
Zodbiologia (zo-o-be-o-loj'e-ah) or Zodbiology, zo-o- 
bi-ol'o-je (zoon, bios, life, logos, treatise). See Physiology. 
Zoobiotism, zo-o-bi'o-tism (zoon, bios, life). The 
life of animals; animal life. 
Zoocam'bium. Vital essence, fluid, or principle; 
blastema. 
Zodchemia, zo-o-kem-e'ah. Animal chemistry. 
Zoochem'ical or Zodchym'ical. Appertaining or 
having relation to animal chemistry. 
Zodch'emy or Zodchymy, zo-ok'im-e. Animal 
chemistry. 
Zoo'des (zoon, odes). Eelating to an animal. 
Zoodynam'la. The vital force or power of ani- 
mals. 
Zoogenesis, zo-o-jen'es-is. Generation of animals ; 
breeding. 
Zoogeny, zo-oj'en-e (zoon, gennao, to beget). The 
doctrine of animal formation. 
Zooglcea, zo-og-le'ah (zoon, gloios, glue). A devel- 
opmental stage of certain micro-organisms, during 
which they present themselves as small masses sur- 
rounded by jelly-like material. 
Zoogonia, zo-o-gon'e-ah (zoe, life, gone, production). 
Bearing or production of living young, in contradis- 
tinction to oviparous. 
Zodgonology, zo-o-gon-ol'o-je (zoon, animal, gone, 
production). Doctrine of the origin and develop- 
ment of animal life. 
Zoogonus, zo-og'o-nus. Producing living young. 
See Zoogonia. 
Zoog'raphy (zoon, graphe, description). A descrip- 
tion or natural history of animals. 
Zodhaematine, zo-o-he'mat-een. Haematine. 
Zoohylas, zo-o-hil'as (zoon, hole, matter). Animal 
matter. 
Zoohyl'ica concremen'ta. Concretions formed of 
animal matter. 
Zodiasis, zo-o-e'as-is (zoon, iasis, curation). Veter- 
inary art. 
Zo'oid (zoon, eidos, resemblance). Resembling or 
belonging to an animal; a living cell, for instance. 
Zo'olite or Zoolith, zo'o-lith (zoon, animal, lithos, 
stone). Term applied to petrified fossil remains. 
Zoolithiferous, zo-o-lith-if'er-us (zoolith, fero, to 
bear). Fossil-bearing; containing fossil relics of 
animals. 
Zoological, zo-o-loj'ik-al (zoon, logos, a description). 
Eelating or appertaining to the natural history of 
1180 
ZYGOMATIC 
Zoologist, zo-ol'o-jist. One skilled in the natural 
history of animals. 
Zool'ogy. The natural history of animals. 
Zoomagnetism, zo-o-mag'net-izm. Animal magnet- 
ism. 
Zobmephitism, zo-o-mef'it-ism. Development of 
foul vapors from decomposing animal matter. 
Zoomycus, zo-om'ik-us (soon, mukos, mucus). Mu- 
cus. 
Zoomyxa, zo-o-miks'ah (soon, muxa, mucus). Mucus. 
Zoon, zo'on. Animal. 
Zodnomia, zo-on-o'me-ah (soon, nomos, law). Zobn- 
omy. The law governing the organic actions of ani- 
mals in general; animal physiology. 
Zoonoses, zo-on'o-sees (soon, nosos, disease). Dis- 
eases produced by morbid animal poisons ; as hydro- 
phobia, glanders, etc. 
Zoonosology, zo-o-no-zol'o-je (soon, nosos, disease, 
logos, description). The nosology of animals. 
Zoopathol'ogy (soon, pathos, disease, logos, descrip- 
tion). The pathology of animals. 
Zoophagous, zo-of 'ag-us (soon, phago, to eat). Feed- 
ing on animals; carnivorous. 
Zobpharmacology, zo-o-farm-ak-ol'o-je. Science 
of veterinary pharmacy. 
Zodphthalmus, zo-of-thal'mus (soon, ophthalmos, 
eye). Hydrophthalmia. 
Zoophysiol'ogy. Animal physiology; zoonomia. 
Zoophyte, zo'o-fite (soon, phuton, plant). Animal 
plant. The lowest class of animals; transition be- 
tween the animal and the vegetable kingdoms. 
Zobphytology, zo-o-fi-tol'o-je. Treatise on zoo- 
phytes. 
Zoopsychology, zo-o-si-kol'o-je. The psychology 
of animals. Doctrine of the existence of an intellect 
in animals. 
Zoo''sis. Animation ; zoagria. 
Zobsper'mata or Zobsperms, zo'o-spurms. Sperm- 
atozoa. 
Zoospores, zo'o-spores. The spore of a zoophyte. 
Zootechnics, zo-o-tek'niks (soon, tekne, art). Art of 
animal culture. 
Zobthap'sis (soe, life, thapto, to inter). Burial alive; 
premature interment. 
Zobtherapy, zo-o-ther'ap-e. Animal therapeutics. 
Zootic, zo-o'tik. Term applied to rock or earth 
containing remains of animals. 
Zobt'ic aczid. Prussic acid. 
Zobtocia, zo-o-to'se-ah (soe, life, tokos, birth). Vivip- 
arous generation; bearing or production of living 
young. 
Zootomist, zo-ot'o-mist (soon, tome, incision). One 
who dissects animals. 
Zootomy, zo-ot'o-me. Theriotomy, Comparative anat- 
omy. The anatomy of animals; animal anatomy. 
Zootrophic, zo-o-trof'ik (soon, trophe., nourishment). 
Relating to the nourishment of animals, as Z. powders, 
powders intended to improve the general nutrition. 
Zopis'sa (soos, living, pissa, pitch). See Pinus syl- 
vestris. 
Zo'pyron (soo, to be alive, pur, fire). Fomites. 
Zoroche. Mountain sickness experienced on the 
Andes. 
Zos'ter (a girth). Herpes zoster. Z. auricula'ris, 
herpes zoster of the ear. 
Zostera marina, zos-ta'rah mar-e'nah. Pila mari- 
na. Z. marit'ima, pila marina. 
Zosteric, zos-ter'ik. Relating to herpes zoster. 
Zo'zar, Zuc'aro, Zuc'carum, Zu'char, Zu'charum, 
or Zu'chra. Saccharum. 
Zulapium, zu-lap'e-um. Julep. 
Zygapophysis, zig-ap-of'is-is (zugon, yoke, apophy- 
sis') . See Vertebrae. 
Zygolabialis, zyg-o-lab-e-al'is. Zygomaticus minor. 
Zygoma, zig-o'mah (zugon, yoke). Malar bone; 
zygomatic process. 
Zygomat'ic. Jugal. Relating to the zygoma or 
cheek-bone. Z. arch, see Zygomatic process. Z. bone, 
malar bone. Z. crest, portion of great wing of sphenoid 
articulating with malar bone. Z. fos'sa, the space 
included between the posterior margin of the outer ZYGOM ATICO-ANGU LARIS 
ala of the pterygoid process and the crista which de- 
scends from the malar tuberosity to the superior alve- 
olar margin. Z. glands, internal maxillary glands. 
Z. head, term applied by Henle to the zygomaticus 
minor muscles. Z. mus'cles are two in number: 1. 
Zygomaticus major, situate obliquely at the fore part 
and sides of the face; small rounded muscle, arising 
from the outer surface of the malar bone, and in- 
serted at the commissure of the lips, which it raises 
and draws outward. It acts principally in laughing. 
2. Zygomaticus minor, does not always exist; situate on 
the inner side of the last; arises from the outer sur- 
face of the malar bone, and is inserted at the corner 
of the mouth, or rather into the upper lip, which it 
raises and draws outward. Z. nerves, branches of 
facial to zygomatic muscles. Z. pro'cess, Malar or 
Jugal process, arises from the outer surface of the 
temporal bone by two roots, one transverse, the other 
longitudinal; between them is the glenoid cavity. 
The process passes forward and is articulated with the 
posterior angle of the malar bone, with which it forms 
a bony bridge called the zygomatic arch. The cavity 
beneath the bridge is sometimes called the zygoma. 
Z. spine, sharp angles on the upper posterior surface 
of the zygomatic tuberosity. Z. sur'face, surface of 
superior maxilla behind zygomatic process. Z. su'- 
ture, suture between the zygomatic parts of the 
temporal and cheek bones, slants obliquely down- 
ward and backward. Z. tuberos'ity, rough surface 
on portion of superior maxilla articulating with the 
malar bone. Z. width, distance between the most 
prominent portions of the zygomatic arches. 
Zygomat'ico-angula'ris. Small muscle arising 
from the malar bone near the orbital margin and 
inserted into the fascia about the external angle of 
the eye. 
Zygomat'ico-auric'ular in'dex. Numerical rela- 
tion between the biauricular and bizygomatic di- 
ameters of the skull, the former being taken as 100. 
Zygomat'icum poste'rius. Zygomatico-temporal 
foramen. 
Zygomat'icus. Zygomatic. 
Zygomax'illary point. Inferior point of zygo- 
maxillary suture. 
Zy'go-or'bital point. Superior point of zygomax- 
illary suture. 
Zygophyl'lum faba'go (zugos, yoke, pair, phullon, 
leaf). Ord. Zygophyllaceae. A Syrian and Mauri- 
1181 
ZYTHUM 
tanic plant having an acrid and bitter taste; ver- 
mifuge. 
Zy'lonite. Celluloid. 
Zyme, ze'ma (zume, ferment). Ferment. 
Zymetology, zi-met-ol'o-je (same, ferment, logos, 
treatise). A treatise on fermentation; doctrine of 
fermentation processes. 
Zymic, zi'mik, Relating to fermentation. 
Zymine, zi'meen. Specific virus of zymotic disease. 
Zymogen, zi'mo-jen. A substance which produces 
ferments. Such a principle exists in the pancreas, 
giving rise to trypsin. Micro-organisms which pro- 
duce fermentation are called Zymogenes. 
Zymogenic, zi-mo-gen'ic. Term applied to any 
substance producing ferments. 
Zymology, zi-mol'o-je (zyme, logos, discourse). The 
science of fermentation. Treatise on fermentation 
processes. 
Zymolysis, zim-ol'is-is (zyme, lusis, solution). De- 
composition effected by action of ferments. 
Zymoma, zim-o'mah. Ferment. 
Zymophytes, zi'mo-fites. Ferments composed of 
bacteria, liberating fatty acids from neutral fats. 
Zymosimeter, zi-mo-sim'et-ur (zumosis, fermenta- 
tion, metron, measure). Instrument to measure the 
degree of fermentation. 
Zymosis, zim-o'sis. Fermentation. See Zymotic. 
Zymotic, zi-mot'ik. Relating or appertaining to fer- 
mentation. Z. disease, any epidemic, endemic, con- 
tagious, or sporadic affection produced by a morbific 
principle acting on the organism similar to a ferment 
-as the major exanthemata. The word zymoses has 
been used by some to signify such affections. Zymotic 
diseases comprise diseases epidemic, endemic, com- 
municable, inoculable, capable of propagation from 
existing foci, or of generation; induced by a specific 
material or poison, or by the want or bad quality of 
food. This class includes four orders-miasmatic, en- 
thetic, dietic, and parasitic diseases. Z. principles, 
certain matters which, of themselves or by their 
transformation, propagate zymotic diseases, as variola, 
typhus, syphilis, etc. Taking their names from the 
diseases which they produce, they are called vario- 
line, typhine, syphiline, etc. Z. the'ory of disease, 
see Fermentation theory. 
Zythogala, zith-og'al-ah (zythus, cerevisia, gala, 
milk). Posset. 
Zythum (zith'um) or Zythus, zith'us. Cerevisia. LEA BROTHERS & CO.'S 
CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF 
Medical and Surgical 
Publications. 
TN ASKING the attention of the profession to the works advertised in the following pages, the 
A publishers would state that no pains are spared to secure a continuance of the confidence earned 
for the publications of the house by their careful selection and accuracy and finish of execution. 
The printed prices are those at which books can generally be supplied by booksellers throughout the 
United States, who can readily procure for their customers any works not kept in stock. Where access to 
bookstores is not convenient, books will be sent by mail by the publishers postpaid on receipt of the 
printed price, and as the limit of mailable weight has been removed, no difficulty will be experienced 
in obtaining through the post-office any work in this catalogue. No risks however are assumed either 
on the money or on the books, and no publications but our own are supplied, so that gentlemen will in 
most cases find it more convenient to deal with the nearest bookseller. 
LEA BROTHERS & CO. 
Nos. 706, 708 & 710 Sansom St., Philadelphia, September, 1893. 
The 
New 
Gray's Anatomy. 
Dunglison's Dictionary. 
13lhEd. Just Ready. 
See page 5. 
21st Ed. 
JUST READY. 
See page 4. 
Practical Medical Periodicals. 
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL 
SCIENCES, Monthly, $4.00 per annum. 
THE MEDICAL NEWS, Weekly, $4.00 per annum. 
To one address, postpaid, 
$7.50 per annum. 
THE MEDICAL NEWS VISITING- LIST (4 styles, see page 2), $1.25. With either or both 
above periodicals, in advance, 75 cents. 
THE YEAR-BOOK OF TREATMENT (see page 13), $1.50. With either JOURNAL or NEWS, 
or both, 75 cents. Or JOURNAL, NEWS, VISITING LIST AND YEAR-BOOK, $8.50, 
in advance. 
THE MEDICAL NEWS. 
t0 
|) Y KEEPING closely in touch with the needs of the active practitioner, The News has achieved 
a reputation for utility so extensive as to render practicable its reduction in price from five to 
Four Dollars per annum. It is now by far the cheapest as well as the best large weekly medical 
journal published in America. Employing all the recognized resources of modern journalism, such as 
(Continued on next page.) 2 
MEDICAL PERIODICALS-AMERICAN JOURNAL, MEDICAL NEWS. 
THE MEDICAL NEWS-Continued. 
the cable, telegraph, resident correspondents, special reporters, etc., The News furnishes in the 28 
quarto pages of each issue the latest and best information on subjects of importance and value to 
practitioners in all branches of medicine. The foremost writers, teachers and practitioners of the day 
furnish original articles, clinical lectures and notes on practical advances; the latest methods in 
leading hospitals are promptly reported ; a condensed summary of progress is gleaned each week from a 
large exchange list, comprising the best journals at home and abroad ; a special department is assigned 
to abstracts requiring full treatment for proper presentation; editorial articles are secured from writers 
able to deal instructively with questions of the day; books are carefully reviewed ; society proceedings 
are represented by the pith alone ; regular correspondence is furnished by gentlemen in position to know 
all occurrences of importance in the district surrounding important medical centres, and minor matters 
of interest are grouped each week under news items. Everything is presented with such brevity as is 
compatible with clearness, and in the most attractive manner. In a word The Medical News is a crisp, 
fresh weekly newspaper and as such occupies a well-marked sphere of usefulness, distinct from and com- 
plementary to the ideal monthly magazine, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 
The American Journal 
of 
the 
Medical Sciences 
PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT $4.00 PER ANNUM. 
For Commutation Rates see preceding page. 
TMIE AMERICAN JOURNAL will enter with 1894 upon its seventy-fifth year, still maintaining the 
foremost place among the medical magazines of the world. A vigorous existence during two and a 
half generations of men amply proves that it has always adapted itself to meet fully the requirements 
of the time. 
Being the medium chosen by the best minds of the profession during this period for the presentation 
of their ablest papers, The American Journal has well earned the praise accorded it by an unquestioned 
authority-"from this file alone, were all other publications of the press for the last fifty years destroyed, 
it would be possible to reproduce the great majority of the real contributions of the world to medical 
science during that period." Original Articles, Reviews and Progress, the three main departments into 
which the contents of The Journal are divided, will be found to possess still greater interest than in 
the past. The brightest talent on both sides of the Atlantic is enlisted in its behalf, and no effort will be 
spared to make The Journal more than ever worthy of its position as the representative of the highest 
form of medical thought. 
The Medical News Visiting List for 1894. 
Published in four styles, Weekly (dated for 30 patients) ; Monthly (undated, for 120 patients per 
month; Perpetual (undated, for 30 patients weekly per year) ; and Perpetual (undated, for 60 patients 
weekly per year). The 60-patient Perpetual consists of 256 pages of assorted blanks. The first three 
styles contain 32 pages of important data and 176 pages of assorted blanks. Each style is in one wallet- 
shaped book, leather-bound, with pocket, pencil, rubber, and catheter-scale. Price, each, $1.25. 
For convenience and elegance it is not surpassable.- I amount of useful information, especially for emergencies, 
Obstetric Gazette. and gives good tables of doses and therapeutics.-Canadian 
This list is all that could be desired. It contains a vast Practitioner. 
Special Combinations of Periodicals with The Visiting List. 
The American Journal ($4) with Visiting List ($1.25), or Year-Book ($1.50), for $4.75 
The Medical News ($4) " " " " " " " " 4.75 
The Journal and News ($7.50) " " " " " " " 8.25 
The Journal, News, Visiting List and Year-Book (see page 13) . . . 8.50 
The Medical News Physicians' Ledger. 
Containing 300 pages of fine linen ''ledger" paper, ruled so that all the accounts of a large 
practice may be conveniently kept in it, either by single or double entry, for a long period. Strongly 
bound in leather, with cloth sides, and with a patent flexible back, which permits it to lie perfectly flat 
when opened at any place. Price, $4.00. 
4®* Subscribers can obtain at the close of each volume, cloth covers for The Journal (one annually), and for The News 
(one annually), free by mail, by remitting Ten Cents for The Journal cover, and Fifteen Cents for The News cover. 
ttcg- The safest mode of remittance is by bank cheek or postal money order, drawn to the order of the undersigned; 
where these are not accessible, remittance for subscriptions may be sent at the risk of the publishers by forwarding in 
registered lettters. Address 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. DICTIONARIES. 
3 
A NEW MEDICAL DICTIONARY. READY VERY SHORTLY. 
THE STUDENTS' 
Dictionary of Medicine 
AND THE ALLIED SCIENCES. 
COMPRISING THE PRONUNCIATION, DERIVATION AND FULL EXPLANATION OF MEDICAL TERMS ; 
TOGETHER WITH MUCH COLLATERAL DESCRIPTIVE MATTER, NUMEROUS TABLES, ETC. 
By ALEXANDER DUANE, M.D., 
Assistant Surgeon to the New York Ophthalmic and Aural Institute; Reviser of Medical Terms for 
Webster's International Dictionary. 
In one Square Octavo Volume of about 600 pages. 
*THIS handy volume gives succinct but full information concerning every word likely to be met 
with by students or physicians in the course of medical reading. Especial care has been devoted 
to making the definitions clear and complete, this main service of a dictionary being expanded to include 
much descriptive and explanatory matter under headings which would be inadequately represented by 
a definition, however full. Thus under Diseases are given their causation, symptoms and treatment; 
under important Organs, an outline of their structure and functions; under each Drug, its action, uses 
and preparations. Extensive tables of Bacilli, Muscles, Arteries, Veins, etc., are included and the pronun- 
ciation and derivation of all words are given in a manner to be readily understood. Each page contains 
an extraordinary amount of matter set in type of great clearness and beauty. In every detail Duane's 
Medical Dictionary has been planned to furnish to the student a standard guide to medical terms on a level 
with the existing advanced condition of the medical sciences. 
The National Medical Dictionary, 
INCLUDING ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN AND LATIN TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MEDICINE 
AND THE COLLATERAL SCIENCES, AND A SERIES OF TABLES OF USEFUL DATA. 
By JOHN S. BILLINGS, M.D., LL.D., Edin. and Harv., D.C.L., Oxon., 
Member of the National Academy of Sciences, Surgeon U. S. A., etc. 
In Two very Handsome Royal Octavo Volumes containing 1574 Pages, with Two Colored 
Plates. Per Volume-cloth, $6.00; leather, $7.00; half 
Morocco, marbled edges, $8.50. 
For sale by subscription only. Specimen pages on application. Address the Publishers. 
Its scope is one which will at once satisfy the student and 
meet all the requirements of the medical practitioner. The 
work is remarkable, too, for its fulness. It presents to the 
English reader a thoroughly scientific mode of acquiring 
a rich vocabulary and offers an accurate and ready means 
of reference in consulting works in any of the three'modern 
continental languages which are richest in medical litera- 
ture. Apart from the boundless stores of information which 
may be gained by the study of a good dictionary, one is 
enabled by the work under notice to read intelligently any 
technical treatise in any of the four chief modern languages. 
There cannot be two opinions as to the great value and 
usefulness of this dictionary as a book of ready reference 
for all sorts and conditions of medical men. So far as we 
have been able to see, no subject has been omitted, and in 
respect of completeness it will be found distinctly superior 
to any medical lexicon yet published.- The London Lancet, 
April 5, 1890. 
Hoblyn's Dictionary of Medicine. 
A Dictionary of the Terms Used in Medicine and the Collateral Sciences. By 
Richard D. Hoblyn, M. D. Revised, with numerous additions, by Isaac Hays, M. D., late Editor of 
the American Journal of the Medical Sciences. In one large royal 12mo. volume of 520 double-columned 
pages. Cloth, $1.50; leather, $2.00. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 4 
DUNGLISON'S PRONOUNCING MEDICAL DICTIONARY. 
NEW (21ST) EDITION. THOROUGHLY REVISED. JUST READY. 
DUNGLISON'S DICTIONARY 
OF MEDICAL SCIENCE. 
CONTAINING A FULL EXPLANATION OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS OF ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, 
MEDICAL CHEMISTRY, PHARMACY, PHARMACOLOGY, THERAPEUTICS, MEDICINE, HYGIENE, DIETETICS, 
PATHOLOGY, SURGERY, OPHTHALMOLOGY, OTOLOGY, LARYNGOLOGY, DERMATOLOGY, GYNE- 
COLOGY, OBSTETRICS, PEDIATRICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND DENTISTRY, ETC., ETC. 
By ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D., LL.D. 
Late Professor of Institutes of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. 
Edited by RICHARD J. DUNGLISON, A.M., M.D. 
New (21st) edition. 
Thoroughly revised, greatly enlarged and improved, with the 
PRONUNCIATION, ACCENTUATION, ANU DERIVATION OF THE TERMS. 
In one magnificent imperial octavo volume of 1200 pages. 
Cloth, $7.00; leather, $8.00. 
'THIS great medical dictionary, which has been for more than two generations the standard of the 
English-speaking, race is now, after several years of incessant labor, issued in a thoroughly revised 
and greatly enlarged and improved edition. The new words and phrases aggregate 44,000, and by 
themselves would fill a large volume. Space has been gained by the excision of everything obsolete, and 
the page has been much enlarged, so that while the new edition contains far more matter than its 
predecessor, the whole is accommodated within a volume convenient for the hand. 
The revision has not only covered every word but it has resulted in a number of important new 
features designed to confer on the work the utmost usefulness, and to make it answer the most advanced 
demands of the times. 
Pronunciation has been introduced throughout by means of a simple and obvious system of 
phonetic spelling. At a glance the proper sound of a word is clearly indicated and thus a most 
important desideratum is supplied. 
Derivation affords the utmost aid in recollecting the meanings of words, and gives the power of 
analyzing and understanding those which are unfamiliar. It is here indicated in the simplest manner. 
Greek words are spelled with English letters, and thus placed at the command of those unfamiliar with 
the Greek alphabet. 
Definitions, the essence of a dictionary, are clear and full, a characteristic in which this work has 
always been preeminent. In this edition much explanatory and encyclopedic matter has been added, 
especially upon subjects of practical value. Thus under the various Diseases will be found their symptoms, 
treatment, etc. ; under Drugs their doses and effects, under Poisoning the symptoms, treatment and 
antidotes, etc., etc. A vast amount of information has been clearly and conveniently condensed into 
tables in the alphabet. 
The typography is thoroughly in keeping with the excellence of the literary material. In a word, 
both the editor and the publishers have felt that the world-wide reputation of Dunglison's Dictionary 
has rendered it incumbent on them to ensure that in its remodelled and enlarged shape it should be 
found equal to all that the student and practitioner can expect from such a work. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. GRAYS ANATOMY. NEW EDITION. 
5 
New (Thirteenth) Edition. Just Ready. 
GRAY'S ANATOMY, 
IN COLORS OR IN BLACK. 
Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical. 
By HENRY GRAY, F.R.S., 
LECTURER ON ANATOMY AT ST. GEORGE'S HOSPITAL, LONDON. 
Edited by T. PICKERING PICK, F.R.C.S., 
Surgeon to and Lecturer on Anatomy at St. Georgd s Hospital, London, Examiner in Anatomy, Royal College of 
Surgeons of England. 
A NEW AMERICAN FROM THE THIRTEENTH ENLARGED AND IMPROVED LONDON EDITION. 
In one imperial octavo volume of 1100 pages, with 635 large and elaborate engravings on wood. 
Price of edition with illustrations in colors (see below): Cloth, $7-00; leather, $8.00. 
Price of edition with illustrations in black: Cloth, $6.00; leather, $7.00. 
1857 Graf s Anatomy has been the standard work used by students of medicine and practitioners 
in all English-speaking races. So preeminent has it been among the many works on the subject that 
thirteen editions have been required to meet the demand. This opportunity for frequent revisions has 
been fully utilized and the work has thus been subjected to the careful scrutiny of many of the most 
distinguished anatomists of a generation, and thus a degree of completeness and accuracy has been secured 
which is not attainable in any other way. In no former revision has so much care been exercised as in 
the present to provide for the student all the assistance that a text-book can furnish. 
The engravings have always formed a distinguishing feature of the work, and in the present 
edition the series has been enriched and rendered complete by the addition of many new ones. The 
large scale on which the illustrations are drawn and the clearness of the execution render them of 
unequalled value in affording a grasp of the complex details of the subject. As heretofore the name of 
each part is printed in the engraving, thus conveying to the eye at once the position, extent and relations 
of each organ, vessel, muscle, bone or nerve with a clearness impossible when figures on lines of reference 
are employed. Distinctive colors have been used to give additional prominence to the attachments of 
muscles, and to the veins, arteries and nerves. For the sake of those who prefer not to pay the slight 
increase in cost necessitated by the use of colors the volume is published also in black alone. 
The illustrations thus constitute a complete and splendid series, which will greatly assist the student 
in forming a clear idea of Anatomy, and will also serve to refresh the memory of those who may find in 
the exigencies of practice the necessity of recalling the details of the dissecting-room. Combining, as it 
does, a complete Atlas of Anatomy with a thorough treatise on systematic, descriptive and applied Anatomy, 
the work will be found of great service to all physicians who receive students in their offices, relieving 
both preceptor and pupil of much labor in laying the groundwork of a thorough medical education. 
As this work covers a more extended range of subjects than is customary in the ordinary text-books, 
giving not only the details necessary for the student, but also the application of those details to the 
practice of medicine and surgery, it furnishes both a guide for the learner and an admirable work of 
reference for the active practitioner. A few notices of the previous edition are appended. 
A work which has had the lead of all other text-books 
on anatomy throughout the civilized world comes to hand 
in such beauty of execution and accuracy of text and 
illustration as more than to make good the large promise of 
the prospectus. It would be indeed difficult to name a 
feature wherein Gray could be mended or bettered, and it 
needs no prophet to see that the royal work is destined for 
many years to come to hold the first place among anatomical 
text-books. The work is published with black and colored 
plates. It is a marvel of book-making.-American Practi- 
tioner and News. 
The most popular work on anatomy ever written.-Jour- 
nal of the American Medical Association. 
Gray's Anatomy is the most magnificent work upon 
anatomy which has ever been published in the English or 
any other language.-Cincinnati Medical News. 
As the book now goes to the purchaser he is receiving the 
best work on anatomy that is published in any language.- 
Virginia Medical Monthly. 
Gray's standard Anatomy has been and will be for years 
the text-book for students. The book needs only to be 
examined to be perfectly understood.-Medical Press of 
Western New York. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY. 
6 
Human Monstrosities. 
By BARTON C. HIRST, M.D., 
Professor of Obstetrics in the University of 
Pennsylvania. 
and 
GEORGE A. PIERSOL, M.D., 
Professor of Anatomy and Embryology in the 
University of Pennsylvania. 
Magnificent folio, containing 220 pages of text, illustrated with 123 engravings and 39 full-page 
photographic plates from nature. In four parts, price, each, $5.00. Complete work just ready. Limited 
edition, for sale by subscription only. Address the Publishers. 
We have before us the fourth and last part of the latest 
and best work on human monstrosities. This completes 
one of the masterpieces of American medical literature. 
Typographically and from an artistic standpoint, the work 
is unexceptionable. In this last and final volume is pre- 
sented the most complete bibliography of teratological lit- 
erature extant. No library will be complete without this 
magnificent work.-Journal of the American Medical Asso- 
ciation, May 6, 1893. 
It will take its place as a standard work on teratology in 
medical libraries, and it must always retain the honor of 
being the first of its kind written in the English language. 
- The British Medical Journal, May 27,1893. 
The authors have sought to present in a concise and con- 
venient form a treatise on Teratology which the obstetrician 
and pathologist can consult for an explanation and classifi- 
cation of the graver anomalies in development occasionally 
met with in medical practice. So far as we know there has 
been hitherto no comprehensive work on the subject in the 
English language, the literature of the subject in English 
being scattered and not always easy of access. The authors 
of the work before us have placed the English-speaking 
profession greatly in their debt by undertaking what must 
have largely been a labor of love and by producing a work 
which certainly fills a gap in English medical literature.- 
Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, January 12,1893. 
This work promises to be one for which a place must be 
found in the library of every anatomist, pathologist, ob- 
stetrician, and teratologist. It is the joint production of 
an obstetrician, and an embryologist and histologist, and 
this fact makes it certain that both the obstetric and anato- 
mical sides of the subject will be fully represented and 
described. The book promises to be one of the greatest 
value to the English-speaking medical world.-Edinburgh 
Medical Journal, April, 1892. 
Alien's System of Human Anatomy. 
A System of Human Anatomy, Including its Medical and Surgical Relations. For 
the use of Practitioners and Students of Medicine. By Harrison Allen, M.D., Professor of Physiology 
in the University of Pennsylvania. With an Introductory Section on Histology by E. O. Shakespeare, 
M.D., Ophthalmologist to the Philadelphia Hospital. Comprising 813 double-columned quarto pages, 
with 380 illustrations on 109 full-page lithographic plates, many of which are in colors, and 241 engrav- 
ings in the text. In six Sections, each in a portfolio. Price, per Section, $3.50; also bound in one 
volume, cloth, $23.00 ; half Russia, $25.00. For sale by subscription only. Address the Publishers. 
Holden's Landmarks, Medical and Surgical. 
Landmarks, Medical and Surgical. By Luther Holden, F.R.C.S., Surgeon to St. 
Bartholomew's and the Foundling Hospitals, London. Second American from the third and revised 
English edition, with additions by W. W. Keen, M.D., Professor of Artistic Anatomy in the Penna. 
Academy of Fine Arts. In one 12mo. volume of 148 pages. Cloth, $1.00. 
Clarke & Lockwood's Dissector's Manual. 
The Dissector's Manual. By W. B. Clarke, F.R.C.S., and C. B. Lockwood, F.R.C.S., 
Demonstrators of Anatomy at St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical School, London. In one pocket-size 
12mo. volume of 396 pages, with 49 illustrations. Limp cloth, red edges, $1.50. See Students' Series of 
Manuals, page 30. 
Treves' Surgical Applied Anatomy. 
Surgical Applied Anatomy. By Frederick Treves, F.R.C.S., Senior Demonstrator of 
Anatomy and Assistant Surgeon at the London Hospital. In one pocket-size 12mo. volume of 540 pages, 
with 61 illustrations. Limp cloth, red edges, $2.00. See Students' Series of Manuals, page 30. 
Bellamy's Surgical Anatomy. 
The Student's Guide to Surgical Anatomy: Being a Description of the most Important 
Surgical Regions of the Human Body, and intended as an Introduction to Operative Surgery. By 
Edward Bellamy, F.R.C.S., Senior Assistant-Surgeon to the Charing-Cross Hospital. In one 12mo. 
volume of 300 pages, with 50 illustrations. Cloth, $2.25. 
Wilson's Human Anatomy. 
A System of Human Anatomy, General and Special. By Erasmus Wilson, F.R.S. 
Edited by W. H. Gobrecht, M.D., Professor of General and Surgical Anatomy in the Medical College 
of Ohio. In one large and handsome octavo volume of 616 pages, with 397 illustrations. Cloth, $4.00 ; 
leather, $5.00. 
Cleland's Dissector. 
A Directory for the Dissection of the Human Body. By John Cleland, M.D., 
Professor of Anatomy, Queen's College, Galway. 12mo. 178 pages. Cloth, $1.25. 
HARTSHORNE'S HAND-BOOK OF ANATOMY AND HORNER'S SPECIAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY. 
PHYSIOLOGY. Second edition, revised. 12mo., 310 pages, Eighth edition. In two octavo volumes of 1007 pages, with 
220 woodcuts. Cloth, $1.75. 320 woodcuts. Cloth, $6.00. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. PHYSICS, PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY, CHEMISTRY. 
7 
Draper's Medical Physics. 
Medical Physics. A Text-book for Students and Practitioners of Medicine. By John C. 
Draper, M.D., LL.D., Professor of Chemistry in the University of the City of New York. In one 
octavo volume of 734 pages, with 376 woodcuts, mostly original. Cloth, $4.00. 
While all enlightened physicians will agree that a knowl- 
edge of physics is desirable for the medical student, only 
those actually engaged in the teaching of the primary sub- 
jects can be fully aware of the difficulties encountered by 
students who attempt the study of these subjects without 
a knowledge of either physics or chemistry. These are 
especially felt by the teacher of physiology. 
It is, however, impossible for him to impart a knowledge 
of the main facts of his subject and establish them by 
reasons and experimental demonstration, and at the same 
time undertake to teach ab initio the principles of chem- 
istry or physics. Hence the desirability, we may say the 
necessity, for some such work as the present one. 
No man in America was better fitted than Dr. Draper for 
the task he undertook and he has provided the student and 
practitioner of medicine with a volume at once readable 
and thorough. Even to the student who has some knowl- 
edge of physics this book is useful, as it shows him its ap- 
plications to the profession that he has chosen. Dr. Draper, 
as an old teacher, knew well the difficulties to be encoun- 
tered in bringing his subject within the grasp of the average 
student, and that he has succeeded so well proves once 
more that the man to write for and examine students is the 
one who has taught and is teaching them. The book is 
well printed and fully illustrated, and in every way de- 
serves grateful recognition.-Montreal Med. Jour., July, 1890. 
Chemistry and Physics. Cloth, $1.00. See The Student Quiz Series, page 30. 
Power's Human Physiology.-Second Edition. 
Human Physiology. By Henry Power, M.B., F.R.C.S., Examiner in Physiology, Royal 
College of Surgeons of England. Second edition. In one 12mo. volume of 509 pages, with 68 illustra- 
tions. Cloth, $1.50. See Series of Manuals, page 30. 
Robertson's Physiological Physics. 
Physiological Physics. By J. McGregor Robertson, M.A., M.B., Muirhead Demonstrator 
of Physiology, University of Glasgow. In one 12mo. volume of 537 pages, with 219 illustrations. 
Limp cloth, $2.00. See Students Series of Manuals, page 30. 
The title of this work sufficiently explains the nature of 
its contents. It is designed as a manual for the student of 
medicine, an auxiliary to his text-book in physiology, and 
it would be particularly useful as a guide to his laboratory 
experiments. It will be found of great value to the practi- 
tioner. It is a carefully prepared book of reference, concise 
and accurate, and as such we heartily recommend it.- 
Journal of the American Medical Association, Dec. 6,1884. 
Doctrines of the Circulation of the Blood. A History of Physiological Opinion and 
Discovery in regard to the Circulation of the Blood. By John C. Dalton, M.D., Professor Emeritus 
of Physiology in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. In one handsome 12mo. volume 
of 293 pages. Cloth, $2.00. 
Dalton on the Circulation of the Blood. 
Dr. Dalton's work is the fruit of the deep research of a 
cultured mind, and to the busy practitioner it cannot fail to 
be a source of instruction. It will inspire him with a feel- 
ing of gratitude and admiration for those plodding workers 
of olden times, who laid the foundation of the magnificent 
temple of medical science as it now stands.- New Orleans 
Medical and Surgical Journal, Aug. 1885. 
Bell's Comparative Anatomy and Physiology. 
Comparative Anatomy and Physiology. By F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A., Professor of 
Comparative Anatomy at King's College, London. In one 12mo. volume of 561 pages, with 229 illustra- 
tions. Limp cloth, $2.00. See Students' Series of Manuals, page 30. 
The manual is preeminently a student's book-clear and 
simple in language and arrangement. It is well and 
abundantly illustrated, and is readable and interesting. 
On the whole we consider it the best work in existence in 
the English language to place in the hands of the medical 
student.-Bristol Medico-Chirurgical Journal, March. 1886. 
Ellis' Demonstrations of Anatomy.-Eighth Edition. 
Demonstrations of Anatomy. Being a Guide to the Knowledge of the Human Body by 
Dissection. By George Viner Ellis, Emeritus Professor of Anatomy in University College, London. 
From the eighth and revised London edition. In one very handsome octavo volume of 716 pages, with 
249 illustrations. Cloth, $4.25 ; leather, $5.25. 
Roberts' Compend of Anatomy. 
The Compend. of Anatomy. For use in the dissecting-room and in preparing for examina- 
tions. By John B. Roberts, A.M., M.D., Lecturer in Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. 
In one 16mo. volume of 196 pages. Limp cloth, 75 cents. 
Wohler's Outlines of Organic Chemistry. Edited by Fittig. Translated by Ira Remsen, 
M.D., Ph.D. In one 12mo. volume of 550 pages. Cloth, $3.00. 
LEHMANN'S MANUAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 
In one octavo volume of 327 pages, with 41 illustrations. 
Cloth, $2.25. 
CARPENTER'S HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. Edited by Henry 
Power. In one octavo volume. 
CARPENTER'S PRIZE ESSAY ON THE USE AND 
Abuse of Alcoholic Liquors in Health and Disease. 
With explanations of scientific words. Small 12mo. 178 
pages. Cloth, 60 cents. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. PHYSIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY. 
8 
Foster's Physiology.-Fifth Edition. 
Text-Book of Physiology. By Michael Foster, M.D., F.R.S., Prelector in Physiology and 
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, England. New (fourth) and enlarged American from the fifth 
and revised English edition, with notes and additions. In one handsome octavo volume of 1072 pages, 
with 282 illustrations. Cloth, $4.50 ; leather, $5.50. 
There can be no doubt that this text-book continues to 
lead all others in the English language. Although the 
work of the American editor in former editions has been by 
the author largely adopted in a modified form in this re- 
vision, much was still left to be done by the editor to render 
the work fully adapted to the wants of our American stu- 
dents, so that the American edition will undoubtedly con- 
tinue to supply the market on this side of the Atlantic. The 
work, owing to its enormous sale, is offered at an extremely 
low price.-Medical and Surgical Reporter, Jan. 9,1892. 
Dr. Foster is unquestionably the leading English-speaking 
physiologist of to-day. In its original editions this work 
was intended principally for advanced students, and it was 
not fully appreciated in America until revised and enlarged 
to meet the wants of junior students also. This process of 
growth under the repeated revision by author and editor 
has resulted in a volume containing the matter necessary 
to constitute a complete text and reference book for student 
and physician. Notwithstanding the enormous amount 
now presented, the popularity of the work renders possible 
its publication at an extremely low price, a point in which 
the American student has greatly the advantage of his 
English confrere. It is in every respect an excellent and 
ideal text-book. The author has succeeded in giving a 
thoroughly practical and entertaining account of the 
science. The work is admirably and graphically illustrated. 
-Southern Practitioner, Dec. 1891. 
Dalton's Physiology.-Seventh Edition. 
A Treatise on Human Physiology. Designed for the use of Students and Practitioners of 
Medicine. By John C. Dalton, M.D., Professor of Physiology in the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, New York, etc. Seventh edition, thoroughly revised and rewritten. In one very handsome 
octavo volume of 722 pages, with 252 beautiful engravings on wood. Cloth, $5.00 ; leather, $6.00. 
From the first appearance of the book it has been a 
favorite, owing as well to the author's renown as an oral 
teacher as to the charm of simplicity with which, as a 
writer, he always succeeds in investing even intricate sub- 
jects. It must be gratifiying to him to observe the frequency 
with which his work, written for students and practitioners, 
is quoted by other writers on physiology. This fact attests 
its value, and, in great measure, its originality. It now 
needs no such seal of approbation, however, for the thou- 
sands who have studied it in its various editions have never 
been in any doubt as to its sterling worth.-N. Y. Medical 
Journal, Oct. 1882. 
Professor Dalton's well-known and deservedly-appreciated 
work has long passed the stage at which it could be re- 
viewed in the ordinary sense. The work is eminently one 
for the medical practitioner, since it treats most fully of 
those branches of physiology which have a direct bearing 
on the diagnosis and treatment of disease. The work is 
one which we can highly recommend to all our readers.- 
Dublin Journal of Medical Sciences, Feb. 1883. 
Chapman's Human Physiology. 
A Treatise on Human Physiology. By Henry C. Chapman, M.D., Professor of Institutes 
of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. In one octavo volume of 925 pages, with 
605 engravings. Cloth, $5.50 ; leather, $6.50. 
Matters which have a practical bearing on the practice of 
medicine are lucidly expressed; technical matters are 
given in minute detail; elaborate directions are stated for 
the guidance of students in the laboratory. In every respect 
the work fulfils its promise, whether as a complete treatise 
for the student or for the physician; for the former it is so 
complete that he need look no farther, and the latter will 
find entertainment and instruction in an admirable book of 
reference.-North Carolina Medical Journal, Nov. 1887. 
Physiology. Cloth, $1.00. See The Studentd Quiz Series, page 30. 
Schofield's Elementary Physiology.-Just Ready. 
Elementary Physiology for Students. By Alfred T. Schofield, M.D., Late House 
Physician London Hospital. In one 12mo. volume of 380 pages, with 227 engravings and 2 colored 
plates containing 30 figures. Cloth, $2.00. 
This volume is neither more nor less than its title implies. 
It is most skilfully put together and a vast deal of ground 
is covered. The language is clear and perspicuous, the 
arrangement is natural and consecutive. The illustrations 
are numerous and well executed. The hook deserves to 
become popular.-The Medical News, July 1,1893. 
Frankland & Japp's Inorganic Chemistry. 
Inorganic Chemistry. By E. Frankland, D.C.L., F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry in 
the Normal School of Science, London, and F. R. Japp, F.I.C., Assistant Professor of Chemistry in the 
Normal School of Science, London. In one handsome octavo volume of 677 pages, with 51 woodcuts and 
2 plates. Cloth, $3.75; leather, $4.75. 
This work should supersede other works of its class in the 
medical colleges. It is certainly better adapted than any 
work upon chemistry with which we are acquainted to 
impart that clear and full knowledge of the science which 
students of medicine should have. Physicians who feel 
that their chemical knowledge is behind the times would do 
well to study this work. The descriptions and demonstra- 
tions are made so plain that there is no difficulty in under- 
standing them.-Cincinnati Medical News, January, 1886. 
Clowes' Qualitative Analysis.-Third Edition. 
An Elementary Treatise on Practical Chemistry and Qualitative Inorganic Analysis. 
Specially adapted for use in the Laboratories of Schools and Colleges and by Beginners. By Frank 
Clowes, D.Sc., London, Senior Science-Master at the High School, Newcastle-under-Lyme, etc. Third 
American from the fourth and revised English edition. In one 12mo. volume of 387 pages, with 55 
illustrations. Cloth, $2.50. 
CLASSEN'S ELEMENTARY QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, 
Translated, with notes and additions, by Edgar F. Smith, 
Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Chemistry in the Towne Seien- 
tific School, University of Pennsylvania. In one 12mo. 
volume of 324 pages, with 36 illustrations. Cloth, $2.00. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. CHEMISTRY-(Continued). 
9 
Simon's Chemistry.-New (4th) Edition. Just Ready. 
Manual of Chemistry. A Guide to Lectures and Laboratory work for Beginners in Chemistry. 
A Text-book specially adapted for Students of Pharmacy and Medicine. By W. Simon, Ph.D., M.D., 
Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology Coll, of Phys, and Surg., Baltimore; Professor of Chemistry in 
the Maryland College of Pharmacy. New (fourth) edition. In one 8vo. volume of 490 pages, with 
44 woodcuts and 7 colored plates illustrating 56 of the most important chemical tests. Cloth, $3.25. 
A work which rapidly passes to its fourth edition needs 
no further proof of having achieved a success. In the 
present case the claims to favor are obvious. Emanating 
from an experienced teacher of medical and pharmaceutical 
students the volume is closely adapted to their needs. 
This is shown not only by the careful selection and clear 
presentation of its subject matter, but by the colored plates 
of reactions, which form a unique feature. Every teacher 
will appreciate the saving of his own time, and the advan- 
tages accruing to the student from a permanent and ac- 
curate standard of comparison for tests depending on 
colors, and frequently upon their changes. To the prac- 
titioner, who is likely to be confronted at any time with 
important pathological or toxicological questions to be 
answered by the test-tube, the volume will be of the utmost 
value. Such it has proved in the past, and the author has 
accordingly been enabled, through frequent and thorough 
revisions to keep his work constantly in touch with the 
progress of its science and the best methods of its presenta- 
tion.-Kansas City Medical Index. May, 1893. 
The appearance within a year of another (the fourth) 
edition of Professor Simon's work indicates that our favor- 
able opinion of the work as already expressed is shared 
both by teachers and students. The unique feature of 
representing color-reactions and colored precipitates by 
artistically-produced illustrations is attractive and cannot 
fail to become part of an object lesson, so necessary for the 
successful study of chemistry. It can be said to rank with 
the best text-books on pharmaceutic and medical chemistry 
in this country.- The Medical News, July 22,1893. 
Fownes' Chemistry.-Twelfth Edition. 
A Manual of Elementary Chemistry; Theoretical and Practical. By George Fownes, 
Ph.D. Embodying Watts' Physical and Inorganic Chemistry. From the twelfth English edition. In one 
large 12mo. volume of 1061 pages, with 168 engravings and a colored plate. Cloth, $2.75 ; leather, $3.25. 
Fownes' Chemistry has been a standard text-book upon 
■chemistry for many years. Its merits are very fully known 
by chemists and physicians everywhere in this country and 
in England. As the science has advanced by the making 
of new discoveries, the work has been revised so as to keep 
it abreast of the times. It has steadily maintained its position 
as a text-book with medical students. In this work are 
treated fully : Heat, Light and Electricity, including Mag- 
netism. The influence exerted by these forces in chemical 
action upon health and disease, etc., is of the most impor- 
tant kind, and should be familiar to every medical practi- 
tioner. We can commend the work as one of the very best 
text-books upon chemistry extant.-Cincinnati Medical News, 
Oct. 1885. 
Attfield's Chemistry.-Twelfth Edition. 
Chemistry, General, Medical and Pharmaceutical; Including the Chemistry of the U. S. 
Pharmacopoeia. A Manual of the General Principles of the Science, and their application to Medicine 
and Pharmacy. By John Attfield, M.A., Ph.D., F.I.C., F.R.S., etc., Professor of Practical 
Chemistry to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, etc. A new American, from the twelfth 
English edition, specially revised by the Author for America. In one handsome royal 12mo. volume of 
782 pages, with 88 illustrations. Cloth, $2.75 ; leather, $3.25. 
Attfield's Chemistry is the most popular book among stu- 
dents of medicine and pharmacy. This popularity rests 
upon real merits. Attfield's work combines in the happiest 
manner a clear exposition of the theory of chemistry with 
the practical application of this knowledge to the everyday 
dealings of the physician and pharmacist. His book is 
precisely what the title claims for it. The admirable 
arrangement of the text enables a reader to get a good idea 
of Chemistry without the aid of experiments, and again it 
is a good laboratory guide, and finally it contains such a 
mass of well-arranged information that it will always serve 
as a handy book of reference. He does not allow any un- 
utilizable knowledge to slip into his book ; his long years 
of experience have produced a work which is both scientific 
and practical, and which shuts out everything in the 
nature of a superfluity, and therein lies the secret of its 
success. This last edition shows the marks of the latest 
progress made in chemistry and chemical teaching.-New 
Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, Nov. 1889. 
Chemistry & Physics, cioth, $1.00. 
See Studentd Quiz Series, page 30, 
Bloxam's Chemistry.-Fifth Edition. 
Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic. By Charles L. Bloxam, Professor of Chemistry in 
King's College, London. From the fifth London edition, thoroughly revised and much improved. In 
one octavo volume of 727 pages, with 292 illustrations. Cloth, $2.00 ; leather, $3.00. 
Comment from us on this standard work is almost super- 
fluous. It differs widely in scope and aim from that of 
Attfield, and in its way is equally beyond criticism. It 
adopts the most direct methods in stating the principles, 
hypotheses and facts of the science. Its language is so terse 
and lucid, and its arrangement of matter so logical in 
sequence that the'student never has occasion to complain 
that chemistry is a hard study. Much attention is paid to 
experimental illustrations of chemical principles and phe- 
nomena, and the mode of conducting these experiments. 
The book maintains the position it has always held as one 
of the best manuals of general chemistry in the English 
language.-Detroit Lancet, Feb. 1884. 
Luff's Manual of Chemistry.-Just Ready. 
A Manual of Chemistry. For the use of Students of Medicine. By Arthur P. Luff, 
M.D., B.Sc., Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicological Chemistry, St. Mary's Hospital 
Medical School, London. In one 12mo. volume of 522 pages, with 36 engravings. Cloth, $2.00. See 
Students' Series of Manuals, page 30. 
Greene's Medical Chemistry. 
A Manual of Medical Chemistry. For the use of Students. By William H. Greene, 
M.D., Demonstrator of Chemistry in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. In 
one 12mo. volume of 310 pages, with 74 illustrations. Cloth, $1.75. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia, 10 
CHEMISTRY-{Continued), PHARMACY. 
Vaughan & Novy on Ptomaines and Leucomaines.-2d Ed. 
Ptomaines, Leucomaines and Bacterial Proteids; or the Chemical Factors in the 
Causation of Disease. By Victor C. Vaughan, Ph.D., M.D., Professor of Physiological and 
Pathological Chemistry, and Associate Professor of Therapeutics and Materia Medica in the University 
of Michigan, and Frederick Gt. Novy, M.D., Instructor in Hygiene and Physiological Chemistry in 
the University of Michigan. New (second) edition. In one 12mo. volume of 389 pages. Cloth, $2.25. 
This book is one that is of the greatest importance, and 
the modern physician who accepts bacterial pathology 
cannot have a complete knowledge of this subject unless 
he has carefully perused it. To the toxicologist the sub- 
ject is alike of great import, as well as to the hygienist and 
sanitarian. It contains information which is not easily 
obtained elsewhere, and which is of a kind that no med- 
ical thinker should be without.-The American Journal of 
the Medical Sciences, April, 1892. 
This volume brings prominently to view the correct path- 
ology of a host of diseases. Modem chemistry has furnished 
no more striking evidence of its value than the discovery 
of these ultimate causes of disease, a step which necessarily 
precedes any rational knowledge of cure or prevention. 
The literature of these subjects, already vast, was before 
the preparation of this work scattered and unattainable by 
those who had most need of its help, namely general practi- 
tioners. For the student no more important branch of 
chemistry exists. The early demand for a second edition 
of a work on so new a department of science argues well 
for the curriculum of those colleges which have already 
made it a branch of study and for the growing promptness 
on the part of the profession to recognize and use the most 
enlightened methods for the benefit of their patients.- 
Southern Practitioner, Dec. 1891. 
Remsen's Theoretical Chemistry.-New (4th) Edition. 
Principles of Theoretical Chemistry, with special reference to the Constitution of Chemical 
Compounds. By Ira Remsen, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Chemistry in the Johns Hopkins University, 
Baltimore. Fourth and thoroughly revised edition. In one royal 12mo. vol. of 325 pages. Cloth, $2.00. 
The principles of theoretical chemistry need to be put 
very plainly to the student, for unless he gains a clear insight 
into the laws which govern the constitution of matter his 
idea of the whole subject is seldom sound, and he will 
probably lose the full benefit of a practical course. The 
book gives clear accounts of all theories and modern specu- 
lations. We have noticed this book favorably on a previous 
occasion, since which time four editions have been printed, 
and it has recently been translated into the German ana 
Italian languages.-London Lancet, May 6,1893. 
The fourth edition of Professor Remsen's well-known 
book comes again, enlarged and revised. Each edition has 
enhanced its value. We may say without hesitation that it 
is a standard work on the theory of chemistry, not excelled 
and scarcely equalled by any other in any language. Its 
translation into German and Italian speaks for its exalted 
position and the esteem in which it is held by the most 
prominent chemists. We claim for this little work a lead- 
ing place in the chemical literature of this country.-The 
American Journal of the Medical Sciences, July, 1893. 
Charles' Physiological and Pathological Chemistry. 
The Elements of Physiological and Pathological Chemistry. A Hand-book for Medical 
Students and Practitioners. Containing a general account of Nutrition, Foods and Digestion, and the 
Chemistry of the Tissues, Organs, Secretions and Excretions of the Body in Health and in Disease. 
Together with the methods for preparing or separating their chief constituents, as also for their examina- 
tion in detail, and an outline syllabus of a practical course of instruction for students. By T. Cranstoun 
Charles, M.D., F.R.S., M.S., formerly Assistant Professor and Demonstrator of Chemistry and Chemical 
Physics, Queen's College, Belfast. In one handsome octavo volume of 463 pages, with 38 woodcuts and 
1 colored plate. Cloth, $3.50. 
Dr. Charles is fully impressed with the importance and 
practical reach of his subject, and he has treated it in a 
competent and instructive manner. We cannot recom- 
mend a better book than the present. In fact, it fills a gap 
in medical text-books, and that is a thing which can rarely 
be said nowadays. Dr. Charles has devoted much space to 
the elucidation of urinary mysteries. He does this with 
much detail, and yet in a practical and intelligible manner. 
In fact, the author has filled his book with many practical 
hints.- Medical Record, December 20, 1884. 
Hoffmann and Powers' Medicinal Analysis. 
A Manual of Chemical Analysis, as applied to the Examination of Medicinal Chemicals and 
their Preparations. Being a Guide for the Determination of their Identity and Quality, and for the 
Detection of Impurities and Adulterations. For the use of Pharmacists, Physicians, Druggists and 
Manufacturing Chemists, and Pharmaceutical and Medical Students. By Frederick Hoffmann, 
A.M., Ph.D., Public Analyst to the State of New York, and Frederick B. Power, Ph.D., Professor of 
Analytical Chemistry in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. Third edition, entirely rewritten and 
much enlarged. In one octavo volume of 621 pages, with 179 illustrations. Cloth, $4.25. 
Parrish's Pharmacy.-Fifth Edition. 
A Treatise on Pharmacy: Designed as a Text-book for the Student, and as a Guide for the 
Physician and Pharmaceutist. With many Formulae and Prescriptions. By Edward Parrish, late 
Professor of the Theory of Practice of Pharmacy in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. Fifth 
edition, thoroughly revised, by Thomas S. Wiegand, Ph.G. In one handsome octavo volume of 1093 
pages, with 256 illustrations. Cloth, $5.00; leather, $6.00. 
No thorough-going pharmacist will fail to possess himself 
of so useful a guide to practice, and no physician who 
properly estimates the value of an accurate knowledge of 
the remedial agents employed by him in daily practice, so 
far as their miscibility, compatibility and most effective 
methods of combination are concerned, can afford to leave 
this work out of the list of their works of reference. The 
country practitioner, who must always be in a measure 
his own pharmacist, will find it indispensable.-Louisville 
Medical News, March 29, 1884. 
Ralfe's Clinical Chemistry. 
Clinical Chemistry. By Charles H. Ralfe, M.D., F.R.C.P., Assistant Physician at the 
London Hospital. In one pocket-size 12mo. volume of 314 pages, with 16 illustrations. Limp cloth, red 
edges, $1.50. See Students' Series of Manuals, page 30. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. MATERIA MEDICA, THERAPEUTICS. 
11 
New (5th) Edition.-Preparing. 
The National Dispensatory. 
CONTAINING THE NATURAL HISTORY, CHEMISTRY, PHARMACY, ACTIONS AND USES OF MEDICINES,. 
INCLUDING THOSE RECOGNIZED IN THE PHARMACOPCEIAS OF THE UNITED STATES, GREAT 
BRITAIN AND GERMANY, WITH NUMEROUS REFERENCES TO THE FRENCH CODEX. 
Professor Emeritus of the Theory and Practice of 
Medicine and of Clinical Medicine in the 
University of Pennsylvania. 
By ALFRED STILLE, M.D., LL.D., and JOHN M. MAISCH, Phar.D., 
Professor of Materia Medica and Botany in Philadelphia 
College of Pharmacy, Secretary to the American 
Pharmaceutical Association. 
New (fifth) edition thoroughly revised, and covering the new United States Pharmacopoeia. In one- 
magnificent imperial octavo volume of about 1750 pages, with about 325 elaborate engravings. Preparing. 
A few notices of the previous edition are appended, 
We think it is a matter for congratulation that the pro- 
fession of medicine and that of pharmacy have shown such 
appreciation of this great work as to call for four editions 
within the comparatively brief period of eight years. The 
matters with which it deals are of so practical a nature that 
neither the physician nor the pharmaceutist can do without 
the latest text-books on them, especially those that are so 
accurate and comprehensive as this one. The book is in 
every way creditable both to the authors and to the pub- 
lishers.-The New York Medical Journal, May 21,1887. 
The authors and publishers have reason to feel proud of 
this, the most comprehensive, elaborate and accurate work 
of the kind ever printed in this country. It is no wonder 
that it has become the standard authority for both the med- 
ical and pharmaceutical professions, and that four editions 
have been required to supply the constant and increasing 
demand since its first appearance in 1879. The entire field 
has been gone over and the various articles revised in 
accordance with the latest developments regarding the 
attributes and therapeutical action of drugs. The remedies 
of recent discovery have received due attention.- Kansas 
City Medical Index, November, 1887. 
Maisch's Materia Medica.- 
■New 
(5th) Edition. 
A Manual of Organic Materia Medica; Being a Guide to Materia Medica of the Vegetable 
and Animal Kingdoms. For the use of Students, Druggists, Pharmacists and Physicians. By John 
M. Maisch, Phar. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Botany in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. 
New (fifth) edition, thoroughly revised. In one very handsome 12mo. volume of 544 pages, with 270 
engravings. Cloth, $3.00. 
This is an excellent manual of organic materia medica, 
as are all the works that emanate from the skilful pen of 
such a successful teacher as John M. Maisch. The book 
speaks for itself in the most forcible language. In the edi- 
tion before us, which is the fifth one published within the 
comparatively short space of eight years (and this is the 
best proof of the great value of the work and the just favor 
with which it has been received and accepted), the original 
contents have been thoroughly revised and much good and 
new matter has been incorporated. We have nothing but 
praise for Professor Maisch's work. It presents no weak 
point, even for the most severe critic. The book fully sus- 
tains the wide and well-earned reputation of its popular- 
author. In the special line of work of which it treats it is 
fully up to the most recent observations and investigations. 
After a careful perusal of the book, we do not hesitate to 
recommend Maisch's Manual of Organic Materia Medica as 
one of the best, if not the best work on the subject thus far 
published. Its usefulness cannot well be dispensed with, 
and students, druggists, pharmacists, and physicians should 
all possess a copy of such a valuable book.-Medical News,. 
December 31, 1892. 
Edes' Therapeutics and Materia Medica 
A Text-Book of Therapeutics and Materia Medica. Intended for the Use of Student 
and Practitioners. By Robert T. Edes, M.D., Jackson Professor of Clinical Medicine in Harvard 
University. Octavo, 544 pages. Cloth, $3.50; leather, $4 50. 
Dr. Edes' book represents better than any older book the 
practical therapeutics of the present day. The book is a 
thoroughly practical one. The classification of remedies has 
reference to their therapeutic action.-Pharmaceutical Era, 
January, 1888. 
It possesses all the essentials which we expect in a book 
of its kind, such as conciseness, clearness, a judicious clas- 
sification, and a reasonable degree of dogmatism. All the 
newest drugs of promise are treated bf. The clinical index 
at the end will be found very useful. We heartily com- 
mend the book and congratulate the author on having pro- 
duced so good a one.-N. Y. Medical Journal, Feb., 18,1888. 
Bruce's Materia Medica and Therapeutics.-Fifth Edition. 
Materia Medica and Therapeutics. An Introduction to Rational Treatment. By J. Mitchell 
Bruce, M.D., F.R.C.P., Physician and Lecturer on Materia Medica and Therapeutics at Charing-Cross 
Hospital, London. Fifth edition. In one 12mo. volume of 591 pages. Cloth, $1.50. See Students' 
Series of Manuals, page 30. 
The pharmacology and therapeutics of each drug are 
given with great fulness, and the indications for its rational 
employment in the practical treatment of disease are 
pointed out. The Materia Medica proper contains all that 
is necessary for a medical student to know at the present 
day. The third part of the book contains an outline of 
general therapeutics, each of the symptoms of the body 
being taken in turn and the methods of treatment illus- 
trated. A lengthy notice of a book so well known is un- 
necessary.-Medical Chronicle, May, 1891. 
Materia Medica and Therapeutics, cioth, $1. See The students' Quiz Series, P 30. 
HERMANN'S EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY. A 
Handbook of Methods for Determining the Physiological 
Action of Drugs. Translated, with the Author's permission, 
and with extensive additions, by R. M. Smith, M.D. 12mo., 
199 pages, with 32 illustrations. Cloth, $1.50. 
STILLE'S THERAPEUTICS AND MATERIA MEDICA. 
A Systematic Treatise on the Action and Uses of Medicinal 
Agents, including their Description and History. Fourth, 
edition, revised and enlarged. In two octavo volumes, con- 
taining 1936 pages. Cloth, $10.00; leather, $12.00. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 12 
THERAPEUTICS, MATERIA M ED IC A-(Continued). 
A System of Practical Therapeutics, 
BY AMERICAN AND FOREIGN AUTHORS. 
Edited by HOBART AMORY HARE, M.D., 
Professor of Therapeutics and Materia Medica in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. 
In a series of contributions by seventy-eight eminent authorities. In three large octavo volumes 
of 3544 pages, with 434 illustrations. Price, per volume: Cloth, $5.00; leather, $6.00; half Russia, 
$7.00. For sale by subscription only. Address the Publishers. Full prospectus free to any address on application. 
Cloth, $5.00; leather, $6.00; half Russia, 
Full prospectus free to any address on application. 
The various divisions have been elaborated by men se- 
lected in view of their special fitness. In every case there 
is to be found a clear and concise description of the disease 
under consideration, corresponding with the most recent 
and well-established views of the subject, embracing appo- 
site pictorial illustrations where these are necessary. In 
treating of the employment of remedies and therapeutical 
measures, the writers have been singularly happy in giving 
in a definite way the exact methods employed and the 
results obtained, both by themselves and others, so that one 
might venture with confidence to use remedies with which 
he was previously entirely unfamiliar. The practitioner 
could hardly desire a book on practical therapeutics which 
he could consult with more interest and profit.-The North 
American Practitioner, September, 1892. 
The scope of this work is beyond that of any previous 
one on the subject. The goal, after all, is the treatment of 
disease, and a work which contributes to its successful 
management is to be looked upon as of vast use to hu- 
manity. It cannot be denied that therapeutic resources, 
whether the treatment be confined to the mere administra- 
tion of drugs, or allowed its more extended application to 
the management of disease, have so greatly multiplied 
within the last few years as to render previous treatises of 
little value. Herein will be found the great value of Hare's 
encyclopedic work, which groups together within a single 
series of volumes the most modern methods known in the 
management of disease, and especially deals with important 
subjects comprehensively, which could not be done in a 
more limited treatise. We cannot commend Hare's System 
of Practical Therapeutics too highly ; it stands out first and 
foremost as a work to be consulted by authors, teachers 
and physicians throughout the world.-'Buffalo Medical and 
Surgical Journal, August, 1892. 
Hare's Text=Book of Practical Therapeutics.-New (3d) Ed. 
A Text-Book of Practical Therapeutics; With Especial Reference to the Application 
of Remedial Measures to Disease and their Employment upon a Rational Basis. By Hobart Amory 
Hare, M.D., Professor of Therapeutics and Materia Medica in the Jefferson Medical College of 
Philadelphia; Secretary of Convention for Revision of United States Pharmacopoeia of 1890. With 
special chapters by Drs. G. E. de Schweinitz, Edward Martin, J. Howard Reeves, and Barton 
C. Hirst. New (third) and revised edition. In one octavo volume of 689 pages. Cloth, $3.75; 
leather, $4.75. Just Ready. 
Hare's works on Therapeutics are remarkably well known. 
As its name would indicate, the book before us is a Text- 
Book on Practical Therapeutics. Its pretensions are not 
voluminous nor exhaustive, but they are honest, valuable 
and practical. The student of other works has often, 
indeed, very often, longed for less of the abstract materia 
medica and more of the practical application of drugs to 
•disease. In this work that want is filled. The drugs are 
arranged alphabetically, which enables one to find any 
name quickly, and, with the excellent index at the end of 
the volume, naught is left to be desired in the way of quick 
reference. Each drug, including all the newer remedies 
which have been proven to possess true merit, is considered 
in a rational and scientific manner. This work also presents 
us with nearly 250 pages of practical therapeutics, as ap- 
plied to the individual diseases. The subjects are arranged 
alphabetically. It is in the chapter on Diseases that the 
student finds the rationale of therapeutics. This section 
is properly the complement of the former, in which each 
drug was presented with notes as to its usefulness in 
numerous diseases, while in the latter each disease is con- 
sidered very fully from a therapeutical stand-point, giving 
the applications and special indications of the different 
remedies in the different phases of that particular affec- 
tion. It is not a wonder that this work was quickly 
adopted by many colleges as a text-book and so liberally 
purchased as to necessitate the publication of a third 
edition within two years; it is not surprising, but instead, 
just what we should reasonably expect. The student 
will find its pages filled with the choicest of therapeu- 
tical lore, systematically arranged and clearly and forcibly 
presented; the practitioner will appreciate its rationality 
and its general utility as an elbow consultant. It contains, 
without question, the best exposition of modern thera- 
peutics of any text-book with which we are acquainted.- 
The Chicago Clinical Review, March, 1893. 
Brunton's Therapeutics and Materia Medica.-Third Ed. 
A Text-Book of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Materia Medica. By T. Lauder 
Brunton, M.D., D.Sc., F.R.S., F.R.C.P., Lecturer on Materia Medica and Therapeutics at St. Bartholo- 
mew's Hospital, London, etc. Including the Pharmacy, the Physiological Action and the Therapeutical 
Uses of Drugs. Adapted to the United States Pharmacopoeia by Francis H. Wieeiams, M.D., of Har- 
vard University Medical School. Third edition. Octavo, 1305 pages, with 230 illustrations. Leather, $6.50. 
Farquharson's Therapeutics and Matena Medica.-4th Ed. 
A Guide to Therapeutics and Materia Medica. By Robert Farquharson, M.D., 
F.R.C.P., LL.D., Lecturer on Materia Medica at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London. Fourth 
American, from the fourth English edition. Enlarged and adapted to the United States Pharmacopoeia, 
by Frank Woodbury, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics and Clinical Medicine in 
the Medico-Chirurgical College of Philadelphia. In one handsome 12mo. volume of 581 pages. Cloth, 
$2.50. 
It may correctly be regarded as the most modem work 
of its kind. It is concise, yet complete. Containing an 
account of all remedies that have a place in the British and 
United States Pharmacopoeias, as well as considering all 
non-official but important new drugs, it becomes in fact a 
miniature dispensatory.-Pacific Medical Journal, June, 1889. 
Farquharson's Therapeutics and Matena Medica has struck 
a happy medium between excessive brevity on the one hand 
and tedious prolixity on the other. It deals with the entire 
list of drugs embraced in the British Pharmacopeia in such 
a way as to give in a satisfactory form the established indi- 
cations of each, excluding all irrelevant matter. An espe- 
cially attractive feature is an arrangement by which the 
physiological and therapeutical action of various remedies 
are shown in parallel columns. This aids greatly in fixing 
attention and facilitates study. The American editor has 
enlarged the work so as to include all the remedies and 
preparations in the United States Pharmacopeia. Altogether 
the book is a most valuable addition to the list of treatises 
on this most important subject.- The American Practitioner 
and News, November 9, 1889. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. TREATMENT. 
13 
Flint's Practice of Medicine.-Sixth Edition. 
A Treatise on the Principles and Practice of Medicine. Designed for the use of Students 
and Practitioners of Medicine. By Austin Flint, M.D., LL.D., Professor of the Principles and 
Practice of Medicine, and of Clinical Medicine in Bellevue Hospital Medical College, N. Y. Sixth 
edition, thoroughly revised and rewritten by the Author, assisted by William H. Welch, M.D., 
Professor of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., LL.D., 
Professor of Physiology, Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. In one very handsome octavo 
volume of 1160 pages, with illustrations. Cloth, $5.50; leather, $6.50. 
No text-book on the principles and practice of medicine 
has ever met in this country with such general approval by 
medical students and practitioners as the work of Professor 
Flint. In all the medical colleges of the United States it is 
the favorite work upon Practice; and, as we have stated 
before in alluding to it, there is no other medical work that 
can be so generally found in the libraries of physicians. In 
every State and Territory of this vast country the book that 
will be most likely to be found in the office of a medical 
man, whether in city, town, village, or at some cross-roads, 
is Flint's Practice. We make this statement to a consider- 
able extent from personal observation, and it is the testi- 
mony also of others. The work may undoubtedly be re- 
garded as fairly representing the present state of the 
science of medicine, and as reflecting the views of those who 
exemplify in their practice the present stage of progress of 
medical art.-Cincinnati Medical News, October, 1886. 
Fothergill's Handbook of Treatment.-Third Edition. 
The Practitioner's Handbook of Treatment; Or, The Principles of Therapeutics. By J. 
Milner Fothergill, M.D., Edinburgh, M.R.C.P., London, Physician to the City of London Hospital 
for Diseases of the Chest. Third edition. In one 8vo. volume of 661 pages. Cloth, $3.75 ; leather, $4.75. 
To have a description of the normal physiological pro- 
cesses of an organ and of the methods of treatment of its 
morbid conditions brought together in a single chapter, and 
the relations between the two clearly stated, cannot fail to 
prove a great convenience to many thoughtful but busy 
physicians. The practical value of the volume is greatly 
increased by the introduction of many prescriptions. That 
the profession appreciates that the author has undertaken 
an important work and has accomplished it is shown by the 
demand for this third edition.-New York Medical Journal, 
June 11,1887. 
The Year=Book of Treatment for 1893. 
A Comprehensive and Critical Review for Practitioners of Medicine and Surgery. 
In one 12mo. vol. of 501 pages. Cloth, $1.50. ***Fbr special commutations with periodicals see pages 1 and 2. 
The Year-Book of Treatment for 1893 easily holds its ad- 
vanced place among the many annuals and abstracts form- 
ing so marked a feature of modern medical literature. Its 
pages give a critical and well-arranged review of the best 
that the year has brought forth in all departments of ther- 
apeutics. Among so much that is excellent one can scarcely 
choose. Commendable features are the Summary of Ther- 
apeutics and the Selected List of New Books. There is as 
usual a good index.-The Medical News, May 20, 1893. 
The Year= Books of Treatment for 1891 and 1892. 
12mos., 485 pages. Cloth, $1.50 each. 
The Year= Books of Treatment for 1886 and 1887. 
Similar to above. 12mo., 320-341 pages. Cloth, $1.25 each. 
Hartshorne's Essentials of Practice. -Fifth Edition 
Essentials of the Principles and Practice of Medicine. A Hand-book for Students and 
Practitioners. By Henry Hartshorne, M. D., LL. D., lately Professor of Hygiene in the University 
of Pennsylvania. Fifth edition, thoroughly revised and rewritten. In one 12mo. volume of 669 pages, 
with 144 illustrations. Cloth, $2.75 ; half leather, $3.00. 
Within the compass of 600 pages it treats of the history 
of medicine, general pathology, general symptomatology, 
and physical diagnosis (including laryngoscope, ophthal- 
moscope, etc.), general therapeutics, nosology, and special 
pathology and practice. There is a wonderful amount of 
information contained in this work, and it is one of the 
best of its kind that we have seen.-Glasgow Medical Jour- 
nal, November, 1882. 
Practice of Medicine, Including Nervous Diseases 
Cloth, $1.00. See Students Quiz Series, page 30. 
BRISTOWE'S PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. Seventh Edi- 
tion. In one large octavo volume of 1325 pages. Cloth, 
$6.50; leather, $7.50. 
REYNOLDS' SYSTEM OF MEDICINE. By J. Russell 
Reynolds, M.D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of 
Medicine in University College, London. With notes and 
additions by Henry Hartshorne, A.M., M.D., late Professor 
of Hygiene in the University of Pennsylvania. Three large 
octavo volumes, containing 3056 double-columned pages, 
with 317 illustrations. Price per volume, cloth, $5.00; 
sheep, $6.00; half Russia, raised bands, $6.50. Per set, 
cloth, $15.00; leather, $18.00 ; half Russia, $19.50. Sold only 
by subscription. 
WATSON'S LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND 
PRACTICE OF PHYSIC. From the fifth English edition. 
Edited with additions, and 190 illustrations, by Henry 
Hartshorne, A.M., M.D., late Professor of Hygiene in the 
University of Pennsylvania. In two large octavo volumes 
of 1840 pages. Cloth, $9.00; leather, $11.00. 
FLINT ON PHTHISIS: ITS MORBID ANATOMY, ETI- 
OLOGY, SYMPTOMATIC EVENTS AND COMPLICATIONS, 
FATALITY AND PROGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PHYS- 
ICAL DIAGNOSIS ; in a series of Clinical Studies. In one 
octavo volume of 442 pages. Cloth, $3.50. 
FLINT'S PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DIAGNOSIS, 
PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE 
HEART. Second revised and enlarged edition. In one 
octavo volume of 550 pages, with a plate. Cloth, $4. 
FLINT'S ESSAYS ON CONSERVATIVE MEDICINE AND 
KINDRED TOPICS. In one very handsome royal 12mo. 
volume of 210 pages. Cloth, $1.38. 
STURGES' INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF CLIN- 
ICAL MEDICINE. Being a Guide to the Investigation of 
Disease. In one handsome 12mo. volume of 127 pages. 
Cloth, $1.25. 
WALSHE ON THE DISEASES OF THE HEART AND 
GREAT VESSELS. Third American edition. In one oc- 
tavo volume of 416 pages. Cloth, $3.00. 
HOLLAND'S MEDICAL NOTES AND REFLECTIONS. 
One octavo volume of 493 pages. Cloth, $3.50. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 14 
PRACTICE OF MEDICINE-(Continued), DIAGNOSIS. 
Lyman's Practice of Medicine. 
The Principles and Practice of Medicine. For the Use ot Medical Students and Prac- 
titioners. By Henry M. Lyman, M. D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine, Rush 
Medical College, Chicago. In one octavo volume of 925 pages, with 170 illustrations. Cloth, $4.75 ; 
leather, $5.75. 
This is an excellent treatise on the practice of medicine, 
written by one who is not only familiar with his subject, 
but who has also learned, through practical experience in 
teaching, what are the needs of the student, and how to 
present the facts to his mind in the most readily assimilable 
form. Each subject is taken up in order, treated clearly 
but briefly, and dismissed when all has been said that need 
be said in order to give the reader a clean-cut picture of the 
■disease under discussion. The reader is not confused by 
having presented to him a variety of different methods of 
treatment, among which he is left to choose the one most 
easy of execution, but the author describes the one which 
is in his judgment the best. This is as it should be. What 
the student should be taught is the one most approved 
method of treatment. We have spoken of the work as one 
for the student, and this because the author occupies so 
prominent a position as a teacher, but we would not be un- 
derstood that it is adapted only for students. He will find 
here each subject presented in its latest aspect, and only 
such theories mentioned as have been generally accepted 
by the highest authorities. The practical and busy man 
who wants to ascertain in a short time all the necessary 
facts concerning the pathology or treatment of any disease 
will find here a safe and convenient guide.-Medical Record, 
October 22, 1892. 
Flint on Auscultation and Percussion.-Fifth Edition. 
A Manual of Auscultation and Percussion; Of the Physical Diagnosis of Diseases of the 
Lungs and Heart, and of Thoracic Aneurism. By Austin Flint, M.D., LL.D., Professor of the 
Principles and Practice of Medicine in Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. Fifth edition. 
Edited by James C. Wilson, M.D., Lecturer on Physical Diagnosis in the Jefferson Medical College, 
Philadelphia. In one handsome royal 12mo. volume of 274 pages, with 12 illustrations. Cloth, $1.75. 
This little book through its various editions has probably 
done more to advance the science of physical exploration 
of the chest than any other dissertation upon the subject, 
and now in its fifth edition it is as nearly perfect as can be. 
The rapidity with which previous editions were sold shows 
how the profession appreciated the thoroughness of Pro- 
fessor Flint's investigations. For students it is excellent. 
Its value is shown both in the arrangement of the material 
and in the clear, concise style of expression. For the prac- 
titioner it is a ready manual for reference.-North American 
Practitioner, January, 1891. 
Musser's Medical Diagnosis-In Press. 
A Practical Treatise on Medical Diagnosis. For the Use of Students and Practitioners. 
By John H. Musser, M.D., Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 
Philadelphia. In one octavo volume of about 650 pages, richly illustrated. 
Broadbent on the Pulse. 
The Pulse. By W. H. Broadbent, M.D., F.R.C.P., Physician to and Lecturer on Medicine at 
St. Mary's Hospital, London. In one 12mo. volume of 312 pages. Cloth, $1.75. See Series of Clinical 
Manuals, page 30. 
Pepper's System of Practical Medicine. 
BY AMERICAN AUTHORS. 
Edited by WILLIAM PEPPER, M.D., LL.D., 
Provost and Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine and of Clinical Medicine 
in the University of Pennsylvania. 
The complete work, in five volumes, containing 5573 pages, with 198 illustrations, is now ready. 
Price per volume, cloth, $5.00; leather, $6.00 ; half Russia, $7.00. For sale by subscription only. 
The feeling of proud satisfaction with which the Amer- 
ican profession sees this, its representative system of prac- 
tical medicine, issued to the medical world, is fully justified 
by the character of the work. The entire caste of the sys- 
tem is in keeping with the best thoughts of the leaders and 
followers of our home school of medicine, and the combi- 
nation of the scientific study of disease and the practical 
application of exact and experimental knowledge to the 
treatment of human maladies, makes every one of us share 
in the pride that has welcomed Dr. Pepper's labors. Sheared 
of the prolixity that wearies the readers of the German 
school, the articles glean these same fields for all that is 
valuable. It is the outcome of American brains, and is 
marked throughout by much of the sturdy independence 
of thought ana originality that is a national characteristic. 
Yet nowhere is there lack of study of the most advanced 
views of the day.-North Carolina Medical Journal, Septem- 
ber, 1886. 
Habershon on the Abdomen. 
On the Diseases of the Abdomen; Comprising those of the Stomach, and other parts of the 
Alimentary Canal, (Esophagus, Caecum, Intestines and Peritoneum. By S. O. Habershon, M. D., 
Senior Physician to and late Lecturer on Principles and Practice of Medicine at Guy's Hospital, London. 
Second American from third enlarged and revised English edition. In one handsome octavo volume of 
554 pages, with illustrations. Cloth, $3.50. 
FULLER ON DISEASES OF THE LUNGS AND AIR- 
PASSAGES. Their Pathology, Physical Diagnosis, Symp- 
toms and Treatment. From the second and revised English 
edition. In one octavo volume of 475 pages. Cloth, $3.50. 
SLADE ON DIPHTHERIA; its Nature and Treatment, 
with an account of the History of its Prevalence in various 
Countries. Second and revised edition. In one 12mo. vol., 
158 pp. Cloth, $1.25 
SMITH ON CONSUMPTION; its Early and Remediable 
Stages. 1 vol. 8vo., 253 pp. Cloth, 82.25. 
LA ROCHE ON PNEUMONIA. 1 vol. 8vo.( 490 pages. 
Cloth, 83.00. 
WILLIAMS ON PULMONARY CONSUMPTION; its Na- 
ture, Varieties, and Treatment. With an analysis of one 
thousand cases to exemplify its duration. In one 8vo. vol. 
of 303 pp. Cloth, 82.50. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. PRACTICE-(Continued}. ELECTRICITY, CHOLERA, FOOD, HYGIENE. 
15 
Whitla's Dictionary of Treatment. 
A Dictionary of Treatment; or Therapeutic Index, including Medical and Surgical 
Therapeutics. By William Whitla, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the 
Queen's College, Belfast. Revised and adapted to the United States Pharmacopoeia. In one square, 
octavo volume of 917 pages. Cloth, $4.00. 
The several diseased conditions are arranged in alphabet- 
tical order, and the methods, medical, surgical, dietetic 
and climatic, by which they may be met, are considered. 
On every page we find clear and detailed directions for 
treatment. The book abounds with useful, practical hints 
and suggestions. The most experienced members of the 
profession may usefully consult its pages for the purpose 
of learning what is really trustworthy in the later thera- 
peutic developments. The Dictionary, is, in short, the 
recorded experience of a practical scientific therapeutist, 
who has carefully studied diseases and disorders at the 
bed-side and in the consulting-room, and has earnestly 
addressed himself to the cure and relief of his patients. 
The Glasgow Medical Journal, April, 1892. 
Bartholow on Cholera.-Just Ready. 
Cholera: Its Causes, Symptoms, Pathology and Treatment. By Roberts Bartholow, 
M.D., LL.D., Emeritus Professor of Materia Medica, General Therapeutics and Hygiene in the Jefferson 
Medical College of Philadelphia. In one 12mo. volume of 127 pages, with 9 illustrations. Cloth, $1.25. 
Dr. Bartholow has produced a little book on cholera at 
once authoritative ana complete in its detail. He has shown 
how all that is absolutely necessary for the practitioner to 
know about cholera may be compressed into a few pages. 
Nearly one half the book is given to treatment.- Journal 
of the American Medical Association, July 15, 1893. 
We have here a practical book, in small compass, con- 
taining the very latest ideas concerning the treatment of 
cholera, together with the personal experience of the 
author who has passed through two epidemics of this 
disease. Historical accounts and long discussions on dis- 
puted etiological points are omitted and only that which 
is of most use to the general practitioner is included.- The 
National Medical Review, August, 1893. 
Medical Electricity. A Practical Treatise on the Applications of Electricity to Medicine and 
Surgery. Third edition. In one octavo volume of 308 pages, with 110 illustrations. Cloth, $2.50. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
Professor Bartholow's practical treatise on the application 
of electricity to medicine and surgery, having reached a 
third edition, scarcely requires detailed notice. Originally 
intended for students and practitioners, it starts by assum- 
ing an "entire unacquaintance with the elements of the 
subject." The work is fitted by its extreme lucidity for 
the use of busy practitioners who require a guide in practi- 
cal electro-therapeutics. - London Lancet, January 14,1888. 
Yeo's Manual of Medical Treatment.-Just Ready. 
A Manual of Medical Treatment or Clinical Therapeutics. By I. Burney Yeo, M.D., 
F.R.C.P., Professor of Therapeutics in King's College London. In two 12mo. volumes containing 1275 
pages, with illustrations. Complete work, cloth, $5.50. 
In this work disease is studied from the standpoint of treatment, the rational indications for therapeusis 
being reached through an explanation of the causation and phenomena of disease and of the properties and 
mode of action of the agencies available for alleviation or cure. The work is rich in selections of formulae 
used by well-known physicians. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
Food in Health and Disease. In one 12mo. volume of 590 pages. Cloth, $2.00. See Series 
of Clinical Manuals, page 30. 
Dr. Yeo supplies in a compact form nearly all that the 
practitioner requires to know on the subject of diet. The 
work is divided into two parts-food in health and food in 
disease. Dr. Yeo has gathered together from all quarters 
an immense amount of useful information within a com- 
paratively small compass, and he has arranged and digested 
his materials with skill for the use of the practitioner. We 
have seldom seen a book which more thoroughly realizes 
the object for which it was written than this little work of 
Dr. Yeo.-British Medical Journal, February 8, 1890. 
Richardson's Preventive Medicine. 
Preventive Medicine. By B. W. Richardson, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Fellow of the Royal 
College of Physicians, London. In one 8vo. volume of 729 pages. Cloth, §4.00 ; leather, $5.00. 
SCHREIBER ON MASSAGE. A Manual of Treatment 
by Massage and Methodical Muscle Exercise. By Joseph 
Schreiber, M.D. Translated by Walter Mendelson, M.D., 
of New York. In one handsome octavo volume of 274 
pages, with 117 fine engravings. 
STILLE" ON CHOLERA: Its Origin, History, Causation, 
Symptoms, Lesions, Prevention and Treatment. In one 
handsome 12mo. vol. of 163 pages, with a chart. Cloth, 81.25. 
PAVY'S TREATISE ON THE FUNCTION OF DIGES- 
TION ; its Disorders and their Treatment. From the second 
London edition. In one octavo volume of 238 pages. 
Cloth, 82.00. 
BARLOW'S MANUAL OF THE PRACTICE OF MEDI- 
CINE. With additions by D. F. Condie, M.D. In one octavo 
volume of 603 pages. Cloth, 82.50. 
CHAMBERS' MANUAL OF DIET AND REGIMEN IN 
HEALTH AND SICKNESS. In one handsome octavo vol- 
ume of 302 pages. Cloth, 82.75. 
A TREATISE ON FEVER. By Robert D. Lyons, K.C.C. 
In one octavo volume of 354 pages. Cloth, 82.25. 
LECTURES ON THE STUDY OF FEVER. By A. Hud- 
son, M.D., M.R.I.A. In one octavo volume of 308 pages. 
Cloth, 82.50. 
LA ROCHE ON YELLOW FEVER, in its Historical, Path- 
ological, Etiological and Therapeutical Relations. Two 
octavo volumes, 1468 pages. Cloth, 87.00. 
TANNER'S MANUAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE AND 
PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS. Third American, from the second 
London edition. Revised and enlarged by Tilbury Fox, 
M.D. In one 12mo. volume of 362 pages, with illustrations. 
Cloth, 81.50. 
DAVIS' CLINIC Al, LECTURES ON VARIOUS IMPOR- 
TANT DISEASES. By N. S. Davis, M.D. Edited by Frank 
H. Davis, M.D. Second edition. 12mo., 287 pages. Cloth, 
81.75. 
TODD'S CLINICAL LECTURES ON CERTAIN ACUTE 
DISEASES. In one 8vo. volume of 320 pages. Cloth, 82.50. 
FLINT'S PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE PHYSICAL 
EXPLORATION OF THE CHEST AND THE DIAGNOSIS 
OF DISEASES AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 
Second and revised edition. In one handsome octavo vol- 
ume of 591 pages. Cloth, 84.50. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 16 
NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASES. 
Gray on Nervous and Mental Diseases.-Just Ready. 
A Practical Treatise on Nervous and Mental Diseases. By Landon Carter Gray, 
M.D., Professor of Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System in the New York Polyclinic. In one very 
handsome octavo volume of 681 pages, with 168 illustrations. Cloth, $4.50; leather, $5.50. 
It must have been felt by all that the time had come for 
a new and representative book, and that the author would 
be both happy and fortunate who would meet this want in 
the reading and teaching ranks of the profession. This 
want we can now say has been met. It is evident that the 
author has drawn, and drawn profitably, from many sources 
for illustration and enrichment of his text. This gives the 
book a special value for literary reference. Another merit 
consists in the originality and distinctness of many of the 
photographic illustrations. Dr. Gray always speaks with 
the dogmatism that marks the original observer and that 
carries conviction. This tone in the book, which is always 
well modulated and thoroughly under control, will add 
attractiveness and weight to the author's utterances. An- 
other general characteristic that strikes us most favorably 
is the prominence given to the symptoms and the treat- 
ment of these diseases. Hence Dr. Gray's book is a very 
practical one. It does not devote undue space to the mi- 
croscopic appearances of diseases, nerves and tissues which 
the general practitioner and student sees hardly once in a 
lifetime. Pathology and morbid anatomy, so essential to 
the expert, are not neglected; but therapeutics, the goal 
of the practitioner, is completely and exhaustively dis- 
cussed. Dr. Gray's book clpses with an important section 
on mental diseases. This is a unique feature for a text-book 
on nervous diseases, and one, we are sure, that will com- 
mend it to many readers. After all, the two classes of sub- 
jects are closely allied, and a concise treatment of both 
within the same covers is, for many, a desideratum.-Amer- 
ican Journal of the Medical Sciences, March, 1893. 
Ross on Diseases of the Nervous System. 
A Hand-book on Diseases of the Nervous System. By James Ross, M.D., F.R.C.P., 
LL.D., Senior Assistant Physician to the Manchester Royal Infirmary. In one octavo volume of 725 
pages, with 184 illustrations. Cloth, $4.50 ; leather, $5.50. 
This admirable work is intended for students of medicine 
and for such medical men as have no time for lengthy 
treatises. In the present instance the duty of arranging 
the vast store of material at the disposal of the author, and 
of abridging the description of the different aspects of ner- 
vous diseases, has been performed with singular skill, and 
the result is a concise and philosophical guide to the de- 
partment of medicine of which it treats. Dr. Ross holds 
such a high scientific position that any writings which bear 
his name are naturally expected to have the impress of a 
powerful intellect. In every part this handbook merits the 
highest praise, and will no doubt be found of the greatest 
value to the student as well as to the practitioner.-Edin- 
burgh Medical Journal, January, 1887. 
Hamilton on Nervous Diseases.-Second Edition. 
Nervous Diseases; Their Description and Treatment. By Allan McLane Hamilton, M.D., 
Attending Physician at the Hospital for Epileptics and Paralytics, Blackwell's Island, N. Y. Second 
edition, thoroughly revised and rewritten. In one octavo volume of 598 pages, with 72 illustrations. 
Cloth, $4.00. 
Savage on Insanity and Allied Neuroses. 
Insanity and Allied Neuroses, Practical and Clinical. By George H. Savage, M.D., 
Lecturer on Mental Diseases at Guy's Hospital, London. In one 12mo. volume of 551 pages, with 18 
illustrations. Cloth, $2.00. See Series of Clinical Manuals, page 30. 
Tuke on the Influence of the Mind upon the Body. 
Illustrations of the Influence of the Mind Upon the Body in Health and Disease. 
Designed to elucidate the Action of the Imagination. By Daniel Hack Tuke, M.D., Joint Author of 
the Manual of Psychological Medicine, etc. New edition, thoroughly revised and rewritten. In one 
8vo. volume of 467 pages, with 2 colored plates. Cloth, $3.00. 
Guided by an enlightened deduction, the author has 
reclaimed for science a most interesting domain in psy- 
chology, previously abandoned to charlatans and empirics. 
This book, well conceived and well written, must com- 
mend itself to every thoughtful understanding.-New York 
Medical Journal, September 6, 1884. 
Clouston on Mental Diseases. 
Clinical Lectures on Mental Diseases. By Thomas S. Clouston, M.D., Lecturer on 
Mental Diseases in the University of Edinburgh. With an Appendix, containing an abstract of the 
Statutes of the United States and of the Several States and Territories relating to the Custody of the 
Insane. By Charles F. Folsom, M.D., Assistant Professor of Mental Diseases, Medical Department 
of Harvard University. In one octavo volume of 541 pages, with 8 lithographic plates, 4 of which are 
colored. Cloth, $4.00. 
Folsom's Abstract also separate, in one 8vo. volume of 108 pages. Cloth, $1.50 
The descriptions of the diseases and cases are simple and 
practical, but true ; and one sees as he reads that they are 
given by one perfectly familiar from daily observation with 
the cases and diseases he is speaking of. One feature of the 
book which commends it highly, and which is not to be 
found in any other work on mental diseases, are the hints 
and descriptions given as to the practical management and 
care of the cases. We can heartily recommend it to the 
student and busy general practitioner. Dr. Folsom's work 
greatly increases the value of Dr. Clouston's book for the 
American practitioner.- A rehives of Medicine, June, 1884. 
Playfair on Nerve Prostration and Hysteria. 
The Systematic Treatment of Nerve Prostration and Hysteria. By W. S. Playfair, 
M.D., F.R.C.P. In one 12mo. volume of 97 pages. Cloth, $1.00. 
BLANDFORD ON INSANITY AND ITS TREATMENT. 
Lectures on the Treatment, Medical and Legal, of Insane 
Patients. In one very handsome octave volume. 
JONES' CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS ON FUNCTIONAL 
NERVOUS DISORDERS. Second American edition. In 
one handsome octavo volume of 340 pages. Cloth, 83.25. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. PATHOLOGY, HISTOLOGY, BACTERIOLOGY. 
17 
Gibbes' Practical Pathology and Morbid Histology. 
Practical Pathology and Morbid Histology. By Heneage Gibbes, M. D., Professor of 
Pathology in the University of Michigan, Medical Department. In one very handsome 8vo. volume of 
314 pages, with 60 illustrations, mostly photographic. Cloth, $2.75. 
This is, in part, an expansion of the little work published 
by the author some years ago, and his acknowledged skill 
as a practical microscopist will give weight to his instruc- 
tions. Indeed, in fullness of directions as to the modes of 
investigating morbid tissues, the book leaves little to be 
desired. The work is throughout profusely illustrated with 
reproductions of micro-photographs. We may say that the 
practical histologist will gain much useful information 
from the book.-The London Lancet, January 23,1892. 
Abbott's Bacteriology. 
The Principles of Bacteriology : a Practical Manual for Students and Physicians. By A. C. 
Abbott, M.D., First Assistant, Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. In 
one 12mo. volume of 259 pages, with 32 illustrations. Cloth, $2.00. 
To a person desiring to learn the technique of bacterio- 
logical work, we cannot recommend any work which will 
be more suitable than the one before us. Dr. Abbott has 
shown great judgment in the selection and arrangement of 
his material. The student who follows it closely will be in 
a condition to carry forward the work for himself. Medical 
practitioners generally could read the work with profit, 
especially the chapters on sterilization and disinfection, 
and those on tuberculosis and diphtheria in the second 
part.-The Canadian Practitioner, Nov. 1, 1892. 
Senn's Surgical Bacteriology.-Second Edition. 
Surgical Bacteriology. By Nicholas Senn, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Surgery in Rush 
Medical College, Chicago. New (second) edition. In one handsome octavo volume of 268 pages, with 
13 plates, of which 10 are colored, and 9 engravings. Cloth, $2.00. 
The book is really a systematic collection in the most con- 
cise form of such results as are published in current medi- 
cal literature by the ablest workers in this field of surgical 
progress; and to these are added the author's own views 
and the results of his clinical experience and original 
investigations. The book is valuable to the student, but 
its chief value lies in the fact that such a compilation makes 
it possible for the busy practitioner, whose time for reading 
is limited and whose sources of information are often few, 
to become conversant with the most modern and advanced 
ideas in surgical pathology, which have " laid the founda- 
tion for the wonderful achievements of modern surgery."- 
Annals of Surgery, March, 1892. 
Green's Pathology and Morbid Anatomy.-Seventh Edition. 
Pathology and Morbid Anatomy. By T. Henry Green, M.D., Lecturer on Pathology and 
Morbid Anatomy at Charing-Cross Hospital Medical School, London. Sixth American from the seventh 
revised English edition. Octavo volume of 539 pages, with 167 engravings. Cloth, $2.75. 
There is scarcely an intelligent physician anywhere who 
has not the work in his library, for it is almost an essential. 
In fact it is better adapted to the wants of general prac- 
titioners than any work of the kind with which we are 
acquainted. The works of German authors upon pathology, 
which have been translated into English, are too abstruse 
for the physician. Dr. Green's work precisely meets his 
wishes. The fact that it is so generally employed as a text- 
book by medical students is evidence that we have not 
spoken too much in its favor.-Cincinnati Medical News, 
October, 1889. 
Payne's General Pathology. 
A Manual of General Pathology. Designed as an Introduction to the Practice of Medicine. 
By Joseph F. Payne, M.D., F.R.C.P., Lecturer on Pathological Anatomy, St. Thomas' Hospital, 
London. Octavo volume of 524 pages, with 152 illustrations and a colored plate. Cloth, $3.50. 
Knowing, as a teacher and examiner, the exact needs of 
medical students, the author has in the work before us 
prepared for their especial use what we do not hesitate to 
say is the best introduction to general pathology that we 
have yet examined. A departure which our author has 
taken is the greater attention paid to the causation of dis- 
ease, and more especially to the etiological factors in those 
diseases now with reasonable certainty ascribed to patho- 
genetic microbes. In this department he has been very full 
and explicit, not only in a descriptive manner, but in the 
technique of investigation. The Appendix, giving methods 
of research, is alone worth the price of the book, several 
times over, to every student of pathology.-St. Louis Medical 
and Surgical Journal, January, 1889. 
Coats' Treatise on Pathology. 
A Treatise on Pathology. By Joseph Coats, M.D., F.F.P.S., Pathologist to the Glasgow 
Western Infirmary. In one octavo volume of 829 pages, with 339 illustrations. Cloth, $5.50 ; leather, $6.50. 
We are very much pleased with this book, which, for 
general practitionersand students, comes nearer to our idea 
of perfection than any we know on this subject, within the 
same dimensions. The style is exceedingly good, being 
plain, concise and practical without being like a dictionary. 
We have pleasure in recommending it to students, as we 
think it well adapted for their use.-Canadian Practitioner, 
\ December, 1883. 
Klein's Histology.-Fourth Edition. 
Elements of Histology. By E. Klein, M.D., F.R.S., Joint Lecturer on General Anatomy 
and Physiology in the Medical School of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London. Fourth edition. In one 
12mo. volume of 376 pages, with 194 illus. Limp cloth, $1.75. See Students' Series of Manuals, page 30. 
The large number of editions through which Dr. Klein's 
little handbook of histology has run since its first appear- 
ance in 1883 is ample evidence that it is appreciated by the 
medical student and that it supplies a definite want. The 
clear and concise manner in .which it is written, the ab- 
sence of debatable matter, of conflicting views, and the con- 
venient size of the book and its moderate price, will account 
for its undoubted success.-Medical Chronicle, Feb., 1890. 
Histology, Pathology and Bacteriology. cioth.$i. See student Quiz Series,?. 30. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 18 
SURGERY. 
Roberts' Modern Surgery. 
The Principles and Practice of Modern Surgery. For the use of Students and Practi- 
tioners of Medicine and Surgery. By John B. Roberts, M.D., Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in 
the Philadelphia Polyclinic. Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery in the Woman's 
Medical College of Pennsylvania. Lecturer on Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. In one 
very handsome octavo volume of 780 pages, with 501 illustrations. Cloth, $4.50 ; leather, $5.50. 
This work is a very comprehensive manual upon general 
surgery, and will doubtless meet with a favorable reception 
by the profession. It has a thoroughly practical character, 
the subjects are treated with rare judgment, its conclusions 
are in accord with those of the leading practitioners of the 
art, and its literature is fully up to all the advanced doc- 
trines and methods of practice of the present day. Its gen- 
eral arrangement follows this rule, and the author, in his 
desire to be concise and practical, is at times almost dog- 
matic, but this is entirely excusable considering the ad- 
mirable manner in which he has thus increased the useful- 
ness of his work.-Medical Record, January 17,1891. 
Ashhurst's Surgery.-Fifth Edition. 
The Principles and Practice of Surgery. By John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D., Barton Professor 
of Surgery and Clinical Surgery in the University of Pennsylvania, Surgeon to the Pennsylvania Hospital, 
Philadelphia. Fifth edition, enlarged and thoroughly revised. In one octavo volume of 1144 pages, 
with 642 illustrations. Cloth, $6.00; leather, $7.00. 
A complete and most excellent work on surgery. It is 
only necessary to examine it to see at once its excellence 
ana real merit either as text-book for the student or a guide 
for the general practitioner. It fully considers in detail 
every surgical injury and disease to which the body is 
liable, ana every advance in surgery worth noting is to be 
found in its proper place. It is unquestionably the best 
and most complete single volume on surgery, in the English 
language, and cannot but receive that continued apprecia- 
tion which its merits justly demand.-Southern Practitioner, 
February, 1890. 
Druitt's Modern Surgery.-Twelfth Edition 
Manual of Modern Surgery. By Robert Druitt, M.R.C.S. Twelfth edition, thoroughly 
revised by Stanley Boyd, M.B., B.S., F.R.C.S. In one 8vo. volume of 965 pages, with 373 illustrations. 
Cloth, $4.00 ; leather, $5.00. 
Druitt's Surgery has been an exceedingly popular work 
in the profession. It is stated that 50,000 copies have been 
sold in England, while in the United States, ever since its 
first issue, it has been used as a text-book to a very large 
extent. During the late war in this country it was so 
highly appreciated that a copy was issued by the Govern- 
ment to each surgeon. The present edition, while it has 
the same features peculiar to the work at first, embodies all 
recent discoveries in surgery, and is fully up to the times. 
-Cincinnati Medical News, September, 1887. 
Gross' System of Surgery.-Sixth Edition. 
A System of Surgery. By Samuel D. Gross, M.D., LL.D., Emeritus Professor of Surgery 
in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. Sixth edition. In two large imperial octavo volumes 
containing 2382 pages, illustrated with 1623 engravings. Leather, $15.00 ; half Russia, $16.00. 
Surgery. Cloth, $1.75. See Students? Quiz Series, page 30. 
Young's Orthopaedic Surgery.-In Press. 
A Manual of Orthopaedic Surgery, for Students and Practitioners. By James K. 
Young, M.D., Instructor in Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. In one 
12mo. volume of about 400 pages, fully illustrated. 
Butlin on the Tongue. 
Diseases of the Tongue. By Henry T. Butlin, F.R.C.S., Assistant Surgeon to St. Bartho- 
lomew's Hospital, London. In one 12mo. volume of 456 pages, with 8 colored plates and 3 woodcuts. 
Cloth, $3.50. See Series of Clinical Manuals, page 30. 
Gould's Surgical Diagnosis. 
Elements of Surgical Diagnosis. By A. Pearce Gould, M.S., M.B., F.R.C.S., Assistant 
Surgeon to Middlesex Hospital, London. In one pocket-size 12mo. volume of 589 pages. Cloth, $2.00. 
See Series of Manuals, page 30. 
Schafer's Histology.-Third Edition. 
The Essentials of Histology. By Edward A. Schafer, M.D., F.R.S., Jodrell Professor of 
Physiology in University College, London. New (third) edition. In one octavo volume of 311 pages, 
with 325 illustrations. Cloth, $3.00. 
PEPPER'S SURGICAL PATHOLOGY. In one pocket-size 
12mo. volume of 511 pages, with 81 illustrations. Limp 
cloth, red edges, $2.00. See Students' Series of Manuals, 
page 30. 
PIRRIE'S PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY. 
Edited by John Neill, M.D. In one octavo volume of 784 
pages, with 316 illustrations. Cloth, $3.75. 
GANT'S STUDENT'S SURGERY. By Frederick James 
Gant, F.R.C.S. Square octavo, 848 pages, 159 engravings. 
Cloth, 83.75. 
MILLER'S PRACTICE OF SURGERY. Fourth and re- 
vised American edition. In one large octavo volume of 682 
pages, with 364 illustrations. Cloth, 83.75. 
MILLER'S PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY. Fourth Ameri- 
can from the third Edinburgh edition. In one octavo vol- 
ume of 638 pages, with 340 illustrations. Cloth, $3.75. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. SURGERY-{Continued). 
19 
Erichsen's Science and Art of Surgery.-Eighth Edition. 
The Science and Art of Surgery; Being a Treatise on Surgical Injuries, Diseases and 
'Operations. By John E. Erichsen, F. R.S., F.R.C.S., Professor of Surgery in the University College, 
London, etc. From the eighth and enlarged English edition. In two large octavo volumes of 2316 
pages, with 984 engravings on wood. Cloth, $9.00 ; leather, $11.00. 
For many years this classic work has been made by pref- 
erence of teachers the principal text-book on surgery for 
medical students, while through translations into the lead- 
ing continental languages it may be said to guide the sur- 
gical teachings of the civilized world. No excellence of 
the former edition has been dropped and no discovery, de- 
vice or improvement which has marked the progress of 
surgery during the last decade has been omitted. The 
illustrations are many and executed in the highest style of 
art.- Louisville Medical News, February 14,1885. 
Bryant's Practice of Surgery.-Fourth Edition. 
The Practice of Surgery. By Thomas Bryant, F.R.C.S., Surgeon and Lecturer on Surgery 
at Guy's Hospital, London. Fourth American from the fourth and revised English edition. In one 
large imperial octavo volume of 1040 pages, with 727 illustrations. Cloth, $6.50 ; leather, $7.50. 
The fourth edition of this work is fully abreast of the 
times. The author handles his subjects with that degree 
of judgment and skill which is attained by years of patient 
toil and varied experience. The present edition is a thor- 
ough revision of those which preceded it, with much new 
matter added. His diction is so graceful and logical, and 
his explanations are so lucid, as to place the work among 
the highest order of text-books for the medical student. 
Almost every topic in surgery is presented in such a form 
as to enable the busy practitioner to review any subject in 
every-day practice in a short time. No time is lost with 
useless theories or superfluous verbiage. In short, the work 
is eminently clear, logical and practical.-Chicago Medical 
Journal and Examiner, April, 1886. 
Wharton's Minor Surgery and Bandaging. 
Minor Surgery and Bandaging. By Henry R. Wharton, M.D., Demonstrator of Surgery 
in the University of Pennsylvania. In one 12mo. volume of 498 pages, with 403 engravings, many being 
photographic. Cloth, $3.00. 
This new work must take a first rank as soon as exam- 
ined. Bandaging is well described by words, and the 
methods are illustrated by photographic drawings, so as to 
make plain each step taken in the application of bandages 
of various kinds to different parts of the body and extrem- 
ities-including the head. The various operations are like- 
wise described and illustrated, so that it would seem easy 
for the tyro to do the gravest amputation. The various es- 
tablished operations are described in detail. Hence this 
work becomes a most valuable companion-book to any of 
the more pretentious treatises on surgery, where simply the 
general advice is given to bandage, amputate, intubate, 
operate, etc. For the student and young surgeon, it is a 
very valuable instruction book fronTwhich to learn how to 
do what may be advised, in general terms, to be done.- 
Virginia Medical Monthly, October, 1891. 
Treves' Operative Surgery.-Two Volumes. 
A Manual of Operative Surgery. By Frederick Treves, F.R.C.S., Surgeon and Lecturer 
on Anatomy at the London Hospital. In two octavo volumes containing 1550 pages, with 422 engravings. 
Complete work, cloth, $9.00; leather, $11.00. 
Mr. Treves in this admirable manual of operative sur- 
gery has in each instance practically assumed that opera- 
tion has been decided upon and has then proceeded to give 
the various operative methods which may be employed, 
with a criticism of their comparative value and a detailed 
and careful description of each particular stage of their 
performance. Especial attention has been paid to. the pre- 
paratory treatment of the patient and to the details of the 
after-treatment of the case, and this is one of the most dis- 
tinctive among the many excellent features of the book. 
We declare it the best work on the subject in the English 
language, and indeed, in many respects, the best in any 
language. It cannot fail to be of the greatest use both to 
practical surgeons and to those general practitioners who, 
owing to their isolation or to other circumstances, are forced 
to do much of their own operative work. We recommend 
the book so strongly for the excellent judgment displayed in 
the arduous task of selecting from among the thousands of 
varying procedures those most worthy of description; for the 
way in which the still more difficult task of choosing among 
the best of those has been accomplished; and for the simple, 
clear, straightforward manner in which the information 
thus gathered from all surgical literature has been con- 
veyed to the reader.-Annals of Surgery, March, 1892. 
Treves' Student's Hand-Book of Surgical Operations. In one square 12mo. volume of 
508 pages, with 94 illustrations. Cloth, $2.50. 
A Manual of Surgery. In Treatises by various Authors, edited by Frederick Treves, 
F.R.C.S. In three 12mo. volumes, containing 1866 pages, with 213 engravings. Price per set, cloth, 
$6.00. See Students! Series of Manuals, page 30. 
We have here the opinions of thirty-three authors, in an 
encyclopaedic form for easy and ready reference. The 
three volumes embrace every variety of surgical affections 
likely to be met with, the paragraphs are short and pithy, 
and the salient points and the beginnings of new subjects 
are always printed in extra-heavy type, so that a person 
may find whatever information he may be in need of at a 
moment's glance.-Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic, August 21,1886. 
Treves on Intestinal Obstruction. Tn one 12mo. volume of 522 pages, with 60 illustrations. 
Limp cloth, blue edges, $2.00. See Series of Clinical Manuals, page 30. 
Holmes' System of Surgery.-American Edition. 
A System of Surgery; Theoretical and Practical. IN TREATISES BY VARIOUS 
AUTHORS. Edited by Timothy Holmes, M.A., Surgeon and Lecturer on Surgery at St. George's 
Hospital, London. American edition, thoroughly revised and re-edited by John II. Packard, 
M.D. Three large octavo volumes of 3137 pages, with 979 illustrations on wood and 13 lithographic 
plates. Per set, cloth, $18.00 ; leather, $21.00. Subscription only. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 20 
SURGERY-{Continued), FRACTURES, DISLOCATIONS. 
Smith's Operative Surgery.-Revised Edition. 
The Principles and Practice of Operative Surgery. By Stephen Smith, M.D., Professor of 
Clinical Surgery in the University of the City of New York. Second and thoroughly revised edition. 
In one very handsome octavo volume of 892 pages, with 1005 illustrations. Cloth, $4.00 ; leather, $5.00. 
This excellent and very valuable book is one of the most 
satisfactory works on modern operative surgery yet pub- 
lished. The book is a compendium for the modem sur- 
geon. The present edition is much enlarged, and the text 
has been thoroughly revised, so as to give the most im- 
proved methods in aseptic surgery and the latest instru- 
ments known for operative work. It can be truly said that, 
as a handbook for the student, a companion for the sur- 
geon, and even as a book of reference for the physician not 
especially engaged in the practice of surgery, this volume 
will long hold a most conspicuous place, and seldom will 
its readers, no matter how unusual the subject, consult its 
pages in vain. Its compact form, excellent print, numerous 
illustrations, and especially its decidedly practical char- 
acter, all combine to commend it.-Boston Medical and Sur- 
gical Journal, May 10,1888. 
Holmes' Treatise on Surgery.-One Volume. 
A Treatise on Surgery; Its Principles and Practice. By Timothy Holmes, M.A., 
Surgeon and Lecturer on Surgery at St. George's Hospital London. From the fifth English edition, 
edited by T. Pickering Pick, F. R. C. S. In one octavo volume of 997 pages, with 428 illustrations. 
Cloth, $6.00; leather, $7.00. 
To the younger members of the profession and to others concise for the general practitioner, teaching those things 
not acquainted with the book and its merits, we take that are necessary to be Known for the successful prosecu- 
pleasure in recommending it as a surgery complete, thor- tion of the surgeon's career, imparting nothing that in our 
ough, well written, fully illustrated, modem, a work suffi- present knowledge is considered unsafe, unscientific or 
ciently voluminous for the surgeon specialist, adequately inexpedient.-Pacific Medical Journal, July, 1889. 
Hamilton on Fractures and Dislocations.-Eighth Edition. 
A Practical Treatise on Fractures and Dislocations. By Frank H. Hamilton, M.D., 
LL.D., Surgeon to Bellevue Hospital, New York. New (eighth) edition, revised and edited by Stephen 
Smith, M.D., Professor of Clinical Surgery in the University of the City of New York. In one octavo 
volume of 832 pages, with 507 illustrations. Cloth, $5.50 ; leather, $6.50. 
Its numerous editions are convincing proof, if any is 
needed, of its value and popularity. It is preeminently the 
authority on fractures and dislocations, and universally 
quoted as such. In the new edition it has lost none of its 
former worth. The additions it has received by its recent 
revision make it a work thoroughlv in accordance with 
modern practice theoretically, mechanically, aseptically. 
The task of writing a complete treatise on a subject of 
such magnitude is no easy one. Dr. Smith has aimed to 
make the present volume a correct exponent of our knowl- 
edge of this department of surgery. In examining the vol- 
ume one is at once struck with'the evidence of the vast 
amount of labor its compilation and reconstruction must 
have necessitated. The more one reads the more one is 
impressed with its completeness. The work has been ac- 
complished, and has been done clearly, concisely and ex- 
cellently well.-Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, May 
26, 1892. 
Stimson's Operative Surgery.-Second Edition. 
A Manual of Operative Surgery. By Lewis A. Stimson, B.A., M.D., Professor of Clinical 
Surgery in the University of the City of New York. Second edition. In one royal 12mo. volume of 
503 pages, with 342 illustrations. Cloth, $2.50. 
The author knows the difficult art of condensation. 
Thus the manual serves as a work of reference, and at the 
same time as a handy guide. It teaches what it professes, 
the steps of operations. In this edition Dr. Stimson has 
sought to indicate the changes that have been effected in 
operative methods and procedures by the antiseptic sys- 
tem, and has added an account of many new operations 
and variations in the steps of older operations. We do not 
desire to extol this manual above many excellent standard 
British publications of the same class, still we believe that 
it contains much that is worthy of imitation.- British Med- 
ical Journal, January 22,1887. 
Stimson on Fractures and Dislocations. 
A Treatise on Fractures and Dislocations. By Lewis A. Stimson, M.D. In two hand- 
some octavo volumes. Volume L, Fractures, 582 pages, 360 illustrations. Volume IL, Dislocations, 
540 pages, with 163 illustrations. Complete work, cloth, $5.50; leather, $7.50. Either volume 
separately, cloth, $3.00 ; leather, $4.00. 
The appearance of the second volume marks the comple- 
tion of the author's original plan of preparing a work 
which should present in the fullest manner all that is 
known on the cognate subjects of Fractures and Disloca- 
tions. The volume on Fractures assumed at once the posi- 
tion of authority on the subject, and its companion on 
Dislocations will no doubt be similarly received. This vol- 
time exhibits the surgery of Dislocations as it is taught 
and practised by the most eminent surgeons of the present 
time. Containing the results of such extended researches, 
it must for a long time be regarded as an authority on all 
subjects pertaining to dislocations. Every practitioner of 
surgery will feel it incumbent on him to have it for constant 
reference.-Cincinnati Medical News, May, 1888. 
Pick on Fractures and Dislocations. 
Fractures and Dislocations. By T. Pickerinh Pick, F.R.C.S., Surgeon to and Lecturer on 
Surgery at St. George's Hospital, London. In one 12mo. volume of 530 pages, with 93 illustrations. 
Limp cloth, $2.00. See Series of Clinical Manuals, page 30. 
Marsh on the Joints. 
Diseases of the Joints. By Howard Marsh, F.R.C.S., Senior Assistant Surgeon to St. 
Bartholomew's Hospital, London. In one 12mo. volume of 468 pages, with 64 woodcuts and a colored 
plate. Cloth, $2.00. See Series of Clinical Manuals, page 30. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. OPHTHALMOLOGY. 
21 
JUST READY. 
A Text=book of Ophthalmology. 
By WILLIAM F. NORRIS, M.D., 
Professor of Ophthalmology in the University of 
Pennsylvania. 
and 
CHARLES A. OLIVER, M.D., 
Surgeon to Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia. 
In one very handsome octavo volume of 641 pages, with 357 engravings and 5 colored plates. Cloth, 
$5.00; leather, $6.00. 
The preparation of this magnificent work has engaged its eminent authors during a period exceeding seven 
years, their effort being to produce a guide for the student and practitioner which should represent the most 
advanced state of its science in the clearest possible manner. The volume embodies not only the results of 
large personal experience but also of most extensive acquaintance with the vast and rich literature of its 
department. By a careful selection of material and the employment of a terse style the Authors have presented 
an ample working knowledge of their subject in a volume of convenient size. The series of illustrations is 
singularly rich and is thoroughly in keeping with the literary material which it embellishes. The volume is 
assured of the foremost position as a text-book and work of reference. 
Berry on the Eye.-New Edition. Just Ready. 
Diseases of the Eye. A Practical Treatise for Students of Ophthalmology. By George A. 
Berry, M.B., F.R.C.S., Ed., Ophthalmic Surgeon, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. New (second) edition. 
In one octavo volume of 750 pages, and 197 illustrations, mostly lithographic. Cloth, $8.00. 
The most notable feature of Berry's book is its wealth 
of beautifully colored illustrations introduced throughout 
in immediate connection with the related text. The 
present edition contains a large number of these that are 
entirely new, making in all eighty-seven, the finest collec- 
tion of such illustrations of the normal and pathological 
appearances of the eye to be found in any work published in 
the English language. To the practitioner who has not the 
advantage of a large special clinic in which to become 
familiar with the rarer forms of eye disease, such illustra- 
tions are invaluable.-Philadelphia Polyclinic, June 15,1893. 
We are glad to see that a new edition of Mr. Berry's 
excellent manual has been called for. It has been enlarged 
to the extent of about fifty pages. The chapters have been 
rearranged and in many instances considerably augmented. 
The work is extremely well written, so that it "gives the stu- 
dent a fairly complete account of the diseases of the eye he 
is likely to meet with in practice, and the treatment recom- 
mended may be thoroughly relied on as the result of 
careful observation and of considerable experience.-The 
Lancet, London, April 29, 1893. 
Juler's Ophthalmic Science & Practice.-New Ed. Just Ready. 
A Handbook of Ophthalmic Science and Practice. By Henry E. Juler, F.R.C.S., 
Ophthalmic Surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital, Surgeon to the Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital, 
London. New (second) edition, revised and enlarged. In one handsome octavo volume of 562 pages, 
with 201 engravings, 17 colored plates, test-types and color blindness test. Cloth, $5.50 ; leather, $6.50. 
It is but comparatively a few years since the profession 
first had the opportunity of studying and appreciating the 
•exhaustive and scientific work on ophthalmic science and 
practice from the pen of Mr. Juler. In that work, the 
second edition of which we now have the pleasure of notic- 
ing, the author was eminently successful in giving concise 
descriptions and typical illustrations of all the most im- 
portant affections of the eye and of its appendages. The 
second edition of Mr. Juler's work has, we know, been 
anxiously waited for. The author has made numerous 
alterations and additions, alike in the text and in the illus- 
trations, so that the reader is provided in a readable form, 
and with a conciseness thoroughly compatible with accur- 
acy of description, with all that is most modem on the 
subject of ophthalmology. We would especially refer our 
readers to the chapter on the refraction of the eye, a sub- 
ject of essential importance in the diagnosis and treatment 
of optical errors. We confidently anticipate a most cordial 
welcome to this work alike by students and practitioners of 
medicine.-The Practitioner, July, 1893. 
Nettleship on the Eye.-Fifth Edition. 
Diseases of the Eye. By Edward Nettleship, F.R.C.S., Ophthalmic Surgeon at St. 
Thomas' Hospital, London. Surgeon to the Royal London (Moorfields) Ophthalmic Hospital. Fourth 
American from the fifth English edition, thoroughly revised. With a Supplement on the Detection of 
Color Blindness, by William Thomson, M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology in the Jefferson Medical 
College, Philadelphia. In one 12mo. volume of 500 pages, with 164 illustrations, selections from 
Snellen's test-types and formulae, and a colored plate. Cloth, $2.00. 
This is a well-known and a valuable work. It was pri- 
marily intended for the use of students, and supplies 
their needs admirably, but it is as useful for the practi- 
tioner, or indeed more so. It does not presuppose the large 
amount of recondite knowledge to be present which seems 
to be assumed in some of our larger works, is not tedious 
from over-conciseness, and yet covers the more important 
parts of clinical ophthalmology.-New York Medical Journal, 
Dec. 13, 1890. 
Carter & Frost's Ophthalmic Surgery. 
Ophthalmic Surgery. ByR. Brudenell Carter, F.R.C.S., Lecturer on Ophthalmic Surgery 
at St. George's Hospital, London, and W. Adams Frost, F. R.C.S., Joint Leet, on Oph. Surgery at St. 
George's Hospital, London. In one 12mo. volume of 559 pages, with 91 woodcuts, color-blindness test, 
test-types and dots, and appendix of formulae. Cloth, $2.25. See Series of Clinical Manuals, p. 30. 
Eye, Ear, Throat and Nose. Cloth, $1.00. See Students? Quiz Series, page 30. 
WELLS ON THE EYE. In one octavo volume. 
LAWSON ON INJURIES TO THE EYE, ORBIT AND 
EYELIDS: Their Immediate and Remote Effects. Octavo 
of 404 pages, with 92 illustrations. Cloth, 83.50. 
LAURENCE AND MOON'S HANDY BOOK OF OPH- 
THALMIC SURGERY, for the use of Practitioners. Second 
edition. In one octavo volume of 227 pages, with 65 illus- 
trations. Cloth, 82.75. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 22 
OTOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY. 
Burnett on the Ear.-Second Edition. 
The Ear; Its Anatomy, Physiology and Diseases. A Practical Treatise for the Use of 
Medical Students and Practitioners. By Charles H. Burnett, A.M., M.D., Professor of Otology in 
the Philadelphia Polyclinic; President of the American Otological Society. Second edition. In one 
handsome octavo volume of 580 pages, with 107 illustrations. Cloth, $4.00 ; leather, $5.00. 
We note with pleasure the appearance of a second edition 
of this valuable work. When it first came out it was 
accepted by the profession as one of the few standard works 
on modern aural surgery in the English language, and in 
his second edition Dr. Burnett has fully maintained his 
reputation, for the book is replete with valuable informa- 
tion and suggestion. The revision has been carefully car- 
ried out and much new matter added. Dr. Burnett's work 
must be regarded as a very valuable contribution to aural 
surgery, not only on account of its comprehensiveness, but 
because it contains the results of the careful personal ob- 
servation and experience of this eminent aural surgeon.- 
London Lancet, February 21,1885. 
We are very glad, after many years' use of the first, to 
welcome the second edition of this excellent text-book to 
our shelves. The first 138 pages are devoted to a lucid ac- 
count of the anatomy, histology and physiology of this 
most complex organ. The cuts which accompany this part 
of the work will prove of much use to the student. The 
second part of the work consists of a clear and terse account 
of the diseases of the ear and their treatment. In the 
latter department the rules laid down are eminently prac- 
tical. We can cordially commend the book to all who 
wish a text-book on the ear.-New Orleans Medical and' 
Surgical Journal, February, 1885. 
Field's Manual of Diseases of the Ear.-Just Ready. 
A Manual of Diseases of the Ear. By George P. Field, M.R.C.S., Aural Surgeon and 
Lecturer on Aural Surgery in St. Mary's Hospital School, London. Fourth edition. In one octavo 
volume of 391 pages, with 73 engravings and 21 colored plates. Cloth, $3.75. 
There can be no question of the need of more perfect 
knowledge of the pathology of the ear, on the part of 
general practitioners of medicine. Professor Field has 
given us a work which makes clear the intricacies of aural 
anatomy and pathology by the exactness and multiplicity of 
its illustrations no less than by the explanations of the text. 
Its popularity is evidenced by the fact that three editions 
have already been disposed of, the last numbering 3000 
copies. The work has, of course, been revised to keep pace 
with the times.-The Medical Age, July 25, 1893. 
This book is written by an authority on this subject, and 
may be recommended as a good text-book for the student 
and a safe and reliable guide for the practitioner.-Edin- 
burgh Medical Journal, May, 1893. 
Politzer's Text=Book of Diseases of the Ear.-New Ed. In Press. 
A Text-Book of Diseases of the Ear and Adjacent Organs. By Dr. Adam Politzer, 
Imperial-Royal Professor of Aural Therapeutics in the University of Vienna. Translated into English. 
In one large octavo volume of about 800 pages, with about 300 engravings. 
Browne on the Throat and Nose.-New Ed. Just Ready. 
The Throat and Nose and Their Diseases. By Lennox Browne, F.R.C.S., E., Senior 
Physician to the Central London Throat and Ear Hospital. Fourth and enlarged edition. In one 
imperial octavo volume of about 750 pages, with 120 illustrations in color, and 235 engravings on wood. 
Cloth, $6.50. A Jew notices of the previous edition are appended. 
The beautiful and typical colored plates form a valuable 
and instructive atlas, the equal of which is not to be found 
in any modern work treating of these subjects. Mr. Len- 
nox Browne is to be congratulated on having produced the 
best practical text-book on diseases of the throat and nose 
extant. We are glad to learn that it is being translated 
into French and German.-The Provincial Medical Journal, 
August 1, 1890. 
As a practical work on the treatment of diseases of the 
throat and nose this will be found an exceedingly valuable 
volume. The methods are fully set forth in the text, and 
references are made to a very complete and valuable list of 
formulae. The engravings are upon wood, and all reproduc- 
tions from the author's pen and ink drawings, by the photo- 
engraving process. Fifteen colored lithographic plates con- 
taining one hundred and twenty illustrations give an added 
value to the volume. While this work will be of essential 
service to the specialist it is one that should find a place in 
the library of every practising physician. It serves admir- 
ably toillustrate the progress that is being made in medical 
literature and especially in the departments which are con- 
sidered.-Journal of the American Medical Asso., Dec. 6,1890. 
Seiler on the Throat and Nose.-New (4th) Ed. Just Ready. 
A Handbook of Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases of tlie Throat, Nose and 
Naso-Pharynx. By Carl Seiler, M.D., Lecturer on Laryngoscopy in the University of Pennsylvania. 
New (fourth) edition. In one handsome 12mo. volume of 414 pages, with 107 illustrations and 2 colored 
plates. Cloth, $2.25. 
The mere fact that this work has reached a fourth edi- 
tion is sufficient evidence that it fills a want long felt by 
"average general practitioners." As a book of quick, 
ready reference it has no rival in the field of laryngology, 
and the directions are usually such as to be readily carried 
out, even by comparative tyros in the work. The first five 
chapters deal with the anatomy, physiology and methods 
of examination of the upper respiratory tract, and are most 
clear and practical, and are also excellently illustrated. 
This edition will probably be eagerly welcomed by those 
for whom it was written, and will be a useful addition to 
libraries of students and general practitioners. -Medical 
News, July 15, 1893. 
The fourth edition of this work is up to the required 
standard, which is the highest for one of its scope. It is 
concise and practical, treating of the commoner diseases 
of the throat and naso-pharynx, and presenting the salient 
features in an intelligible and interesting manner.-Medical 
Record, June 24, 1893. 
The fourth edition of Seiler's admirable work should be 
warmly received by both practitioners and students, as it 
well deserves. There is no special work of its size, on dis- 
eases of the throat and nose, that contains more informa- 
tiion; yet it is arranged in such a concise, compact form 
that it makes an exceedingly handy reference book for the 
busy practitioner as well as a good text-book for the stu- 
dent. -Pacific Medical Record, May, 1893. 
Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Throat and Nose. 
Cloth, $1.00. See Students' Quiz Series, page 30. 
BROWNE ON KOCH'S REMEDY IN RELATION TO I pages, with 45 illustrations, 4 of which are colored, and 17' 
THROAT CONSUMPTION. In one octavo volume of 121 | charts. Cloth, $1.50. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. URINARY AND RENAL DISEASES, DENTISTRY. 
23 
Roberts on Urinary and Renal Diseases.-Fourth Edition. 
A Practical Treatise on Urinary and Renal Diseases, including Urinary Deposits. 
By Sir William Roberts, M. D., Lecturer on Medicine in the Manchester School of Medicine, etc. 
Fourth American from the fourth London edition. In one handsome octavo volume of 609 pages, with 
81 illustrations. Cloth, $3.50. 
It may be said to be the best book in print on the subject 
of which it treats.- The American Journal of the Medical 
Sciences, January, 1886. 
The peculiar value and finish of the book are in a measure 
derived from its resolute maintenance of a clinical and 
practical character. It is an unrivalled exposition of every- 
thing which relates directly or indirectly to the diagnosis, 
prognosis and treatment of urinary diseases, and possesses 
a completeness not found elsewhere in our language in its 
account of the different affections.- The Manchester Medical 
Chronicle, July, 1885. 
Purdy on Bright's Disease and Allied Affections. 
Bright's Disease and Allied Affections of the Kidneys. By Charles W. Purdy, 
M.D., Professor of Genito-Urinary and Renal Diseases in the Chicago Polyclinic. In one octavo volume 
of 288 pages, with illustrations. Cloth, $2.00. 
The object of this work is to " furnish a systematic, prac- 
tical and concise description of the pathology and treat- 
ment of the chief organic diseases of the kidney associated 
with albuminuria, which shall represent the most recent 
advances in our knowledge on these subjects and this 
definition of the object is a fair description of the book. 
The work is a useful one, giving in a short space the theo- 
ries, facts and treatments, and going more fully into their 
later developments. On treatment the writer is particularly 
strong, steering clear of generalities, and seldom omitting, 
what text-books usually do, the unimportant items which 
are all important to the general practitioner.- The Manches- 
ter Medical Chronicle, October, 1886. 
Gross on the Urinary Organs. 
A Practical Treatise on the Diseases, Injuries and Malformations of the Urinary 
Bladder, the Prostate Gland and the Urethra. By Samuel D. Gross, M.D., LL.D., D.C.L., 
etc. Third edition, thoroughly revised by Samuel W. Gross, M.D. In one octavo volume of 574 
pages, with 170 illustrations. Cloth, $4.50. 
Morris on Surgical Diseases of the Kidney. 
Surgical Diseases of the Kidney. By Henry Morris, F.R.C.S., Surgeon to the Middlesex 
Hospital, London. 12mo. 554 pages, with 40 woodcuts, and 6 colored plates. Limp cloth, $2.25. See 
Series of Clinical Manuals, page 30. 
Thompson on the Urinary Organs. 
Lectures on Diseases of the Urinary Organs. By Sir Henry Thompson, Surgeon and 
Professor of Clinical Surgery to University College Hospital, London. Second American from the third 
English edition. In one octavo volume of 203 pages, with 25 illustrations. Cloth, $2.25. 
Thompson on the Pathology and Treatment of Stricture of the Urethra and Urinary 
Fistulae. From the third English edition. In one octavo volume of 359 pages, with 47 engravings and 
3 plates. Cloth, $3.50. 
The American System of Dentistry. 
In Treatises by Various Authors. Edited by Wilbur F. Litch, M.D., D.D.S., Professor 
of Prosthetic Dentistry, Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the Pennsylvania College of Dental 
Surgery. In three very handsome octavo volumes containing 3160 pages, with 1863 illustrations and 9 
full-page plates. Per volume, cloth, $6.00; leather, $7.00; half Morocco, gilt top, $8.00. For sale by 
subscription only. 
As an encyclopaedia of Dentistry it has no superior. It 
should form a part of every dentist's library, as the infor- 
mation it contains is of the greatest value to all engaged in 
the practice of dentistry.-American Journal of Dental Sci- 
ence, September, 1886. 
A grand system, big enough and good enough and hand- 
some enough for a monument (which doubtless it is) to 
mark an epoch in the history of dentistry. Dentists will 
be satisfied with it and proud of it-they must. It is sure 
to be precisely what the student needs to put him and 
keep him in the right track, while the profession at large 
will receive incalculable benefit from it.-Odontographic 
Journal, January, 1887. 
Coleman's Dental Surgery.-American Edition. 
A Manual of Dental Surgery and Pathology. By Alfred Coleman, L.R.C.P., F.R.C.S., 
Exam. L.D.S., Senior Dental Surgeon and Lecturer on Dental Surgery at St. Bartholomew's Hospital 
and the Dental Hospital, London. Thoroughly revised and adapted to the use of American Students, by 
Thomas C. Stellwagen, M.A., M.D., D.D.S., Professor of Physiology in the Philadelphia Dental 
College. In one handsome octavo volume of 412 pages, with 331 illustrations. Cloth, $3.25. 
It should be in the possession of every practitioner in 
this country. The part devoted to first and second dentition 
and irregularities in the permanent teeth is fully worth the 
price. In fact, price should not be considered in purchasing 
such a work. If the money put into some of our so-called 
standard text-books could be converted into such publica- 
tions as this, much good would result.-Southern Dental 
Journal, May, 1882. 
BASHAM ON RENAL DISEASES; A Clinical Guide to their Diagnosis and Treatment. In one 12mo. volume of 
304 pages, with 21 illustrations. Cloth, $2.00. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 24 
VENEREAL DISEASES, IMPOTENCE, STERILITY, ETC. 
Taylor's Clinical Atlas of Venereal and Skin Diseases. 
A Clinical Atlas of Venereal and Skin Diseases: Including Diagnosis, Prognosis and 
Treatment. By Robert W. Taylor, A.M., M.D., Clinical Professor of Genito-Urinary Diseases in 
the College of Physiciansand Surgeons, New York; Surgeon to the Department of Venereal and Skin 
Diseases of the New York Hospital; President of the American Dermatological Association. In eight 
large folio parts, measuring 14 x 18 inches, and comprising 58 beautifully colored plates with 213 figures, 
and 431 pages of text with 85 engravings. Price, per part, $2.50. Bound in one volume, half Russia, 
$27.00 ; half Turkey Morocco, $28.00. For sale by subscription only. Specimen plates sent on receipt of 
10 cents. A full prospectus sent to any address on application. 
It would be hard to use words which would perspicuously 
enough convey to the reader the great value of this Clinical 
Atlas. This Atlas is more complete even than an ordinary 
course of clinical lectures, for in no one college or hospital 
course is it at all probable that all of the diseases herein 
represented would be seen. It is also more serviceable to 
the majority of students than attendance upon clinical lec- 
tures, for most of the students who sit on remote seats in 
the lecture hall cannot see the subject as well as the office 
student can examine these true-to-life chromo-lithographs. 
Comparing the text to a lecturer, it is more satisfactory in 
exactness and fulness than he would be likely to be in lec- 
turing over a single case. Indeed, this Atlas is invaluable 
to the general practitioner, for it enables the eye of the 
physician to make diagnosis of a given case of skin mani- 
festation by comparing the case with the picture in the 
Atlas, where will be found also the text of diagnosis, path- 
ology, and full sections on treatment.- Virginia Medical 
Monthly, December, 1889. 
Taylor on Venereal Diseases.-Sixth Edition. Preparing. 
The Pathology and Treatment of Venereal Diseases. Including the results of recent 
investigations upon the subject. By Robert W. Taylor, A.M., M.D., Clinical Professor of Genito- 
Urinary Diseases in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, Professor of Venereal and Skin 
Diseases in the University of Vermont. Being the sixth edition of Bumstead and Taylor. Entirely 
rewritten by Dr. Taylor. Large octavo volume, about 900 pages, with about 150 engravings, as well as 
numerous chromo-lithographs. Zn active preparation. 
Gross on Impotence, Sterility, etc.-Fourth Edition. 
A Practical Treatise on Impotence, Sterility, and Allied Disorders of the Male 
Sexual Organs. By Samuel W. Gross, A.M., M.D., LL.D., Professor of the Principles of Surgery 
and of Clinical Surgery in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. Fourth edition, thoroughly 
revised by F. R. Sturgis, M.D., Professor of Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Organs and of Venereal 
Diseases, New York Post-Graduate Medical School. In one octavo volume of 165 pages, with 18 illustra- 
tions. Cloth, $1.50. 
Three editions of Professor Gross' valuable book have 
been exhausted, and still the demand is unsupplied. Dr. 
Sturgis has revised and added to the previous editions, and 
the new one appears more complete and more valuable 
than before. Four important and generally misunderstood 
subjects are treated-impotence, sterility, spermatorrhoea, 
and prostatorrhoea. The book is a practical one and in 
addition to the scientific and very interesting discussions on 
etiology, symptoms, etc., there are lines of treatment laid 
down that any practitioner can follow and which have met 
with success in the hands of author and editor.-Medical 
Record, February 25, 1891. 
Culver & Hayden's Manual of Venereal Diseases. 
A Manual of Venereal Diseases. By Everett M. Culver, M.D., Pathologist and Assistant 
Attending Surgeon, Manhattan Hospital, New York, and James R. Hayden, M.D., Chief of Clinic, 
Venereal Department, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. In one 12mo. volume of 289 
pages, with 33 illustrations. Cloth, $1.75. 
This book is a practical treatise, presenting in a con- 
densed form the essential features of our present knowledge 
of the three venereal diseases, syphilis, chancroid and gon- 
orrhea. We have examined this work carefully and have 
come to the conclusion that it is the most concise, direct 
and able treatise that has appeared on the subject of vene- 
real diseases for the general practitioner to adopt as a guide. 
The general practitioner needs a few simple, concise and 
and clearly presented laws, in the execution of which he 
cannot fail either to cure or prevent the ravages of the mal- 
adies in question and their direful results.-Buffalo Medical 
and Surgical Journal, May, 1892. 
Genito=Urinary and Venereal Diseases. 
Cloth, $1.00. See Students' Quiz Series, page 30. 
Cornil on Syphilis. 
Syphilis, its Morbid Anatomy, Diagnosis and Treatment. By V. Cornil, Professor to 
the Faculty of Medicine of Paris, and Physician to the Lourcine Hospital. Specially revised by the 
Author, and translated with notes and additions by J. Henry C. Simes, M. D., Demonstrator of Patho- 
logical Histology in the University of Pennsylvania, and J. William White, M.D., Lecturer on 
Venereal Diseases, University of Pennsylvania. In one handsome octavo volume of 461 pages, with 
84 very beautiful illustrations. Cloth, $3.75. 
Hutchinson on Syphilis. 
Syphilis. By Jonathan Hutchinson, F.R.S., F.R.C.S., Consulting Surgeon to the London 
Hospital. In one 12mo. volume of 542 pages, with 8 chromo-lithographs. Cloth, $2.25. See Series of 
Clinical Manuals, page 30. 
HILL ON SYPHILIS AND LOCAL CONTAGIOUS DIS- 
ORDERS. In one octavo volume of 479 pages. Cloth, $3.25. 
LEE'S LECTURES ON SYPHILIS AND SOME FORMS 
I OF LOCAL DISEASE AFFECTING THE ORGANS OF 
GENERATION. In one octavo volume of 246 pages. Cloth, 
| $2.25. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 
25 
Hyde on the Skin.-Second Edition. 
A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Skin. For the use of Students and Practitioners. 
By J. Nevins Hyde, A.M., M.D., Professor of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases in Rush Medical 
College, Chicago. Second edition. In one octavo volume of 676 pages, with 2 colored plates and 85 
illustrations. Cloth, $4.50; leather, $5.50. 
We can heartily recommend it, not only as an admirable 
text-book for teacher and student, but in its clear and com- 
prehensive rules for diagnosis, its sound and independent 
doctrines in pathology, and its minute and judicious direc- 
tions for the treatment of disease, as a most satisfactory and 
complete practical guide for the physician.- The American 
Journal of the Medical Sciences, July, 1888. 
In this volume the author has supplied the student with 
a work of standard value. While thorough and compre- 
hensive in the description of disease, it is especially helpful 
in the matter of treatment. In this regard it leaves nothing 
to the presumed knowledge of the reader, but enters thor- 
oughly into the most minute descriptions, so that one is not 
only told what should be done under given conditions, but 
how to do it as well. Care has been taken also to render 
the nomenclature as clear and' unconfusing as the present 
state of dermatology will admit. The book is one we can 
heartily recommend as a valuable and creditable addition 
to American dermatological literature, and a reliable guide 
to students and practitioners in the requirements of the cir- 
cumstances of both.- The American Practitioner and News, 
September 29,1888. 
Jackson's Ready=Reference Handbook of Skin Diseases. 
The Ready-Reference Handbook of Diseases of the Skin. By George Thomas Jackson, 
M.D., Professor of Dermatology, Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary. In one 12mo. 
volume of 544 pages, with 50 illustrations and a colored plate. Cloth, $2.75. 
Intended to serve as a reference book for the general 
practitioner, "no attempt has been made to discuss debate- 
able questions," and "hence pathology and etiology do not 
receive as full consideration as symptomatology, diagnosis 
and treatment." The alphabetical arrangement of diseases, 
so universal now in books of this class, has been followed 
by Dr. Jackson, and he has inserted so many synonyms and 
titles from foreign languages, that the book may be turned 
to even by the specialist in skin diseases as a convenient 
dictionary of dermatological nomenclature. After a short 
and condensed account of the anatomy and physiology of 
the skin, the author presents a few notes of common and 
practical importance on diagnosis and therapeutics, which 
are followed by his well-known and graphic dermatological 
"Don'ts." Part II. treats in alphabetical order of the dis- 
eases of the skin and their management. This book seems 
to us the best of its class that has yet appeared.-Boston 
Medical and Surgical Journal, May 18, 1893. 
Pye=Smith on Diseases of the Skin.-Just Ready. 
A Handbook of Diseases of the Skin. By P. H. Pye-Smith, M.D., F.R.S., Physician to 
Guy's Hospital, London. Octavo, 407 pages, with 26 illus., 18 of which are colored. Cloth, $2.00. 
The book is an excellent one, and we commend it to all 
interested in the subject. It is written by one entirely 
familiar with skin diseases, both from the stand-point of the 
specialist and the general practitioner. It is written in an 
easy and attractive style, showing familiarity with the 
whole field of general medicine as well as the particular 
diseases described, which is in striking contrast to the con- 
tents of the average handbook, from which, as a rule, the 
reader learns but little. Dr. Pye-Smith is favorably known 
as one of the eminent physicians to Guy's Hospital, and we 
have no hesitation in saying that he has written an original 
and valuable handbook of skin diseases, sound and practical 
in all its bearings.-International Med. Magazine, July, 1893. 
It is a plain, practical treatise on dermatology, written 
for the student and general practitioner by a general prac- 
titioner of broad experience in the special subject of which 
he writes. By grouping the various diseases in as easy and 
natural a manner as possible, and dropping many of the 
old, confusing terms, he simplifies the nomenclature and 
succeeds in removing much of the difficulty that lies in the 
way of its study. After reviewing the recent advances 
made in this department of medicine, he pays a merited 
compliment to the "important contributions made by the 
newest school of dermatology, that of America.''-Pittsburg 
Medical Record, June, 1893. 
Hardaway's Manual of Skin Diseases. 
Manual of Skin Diseases. With Special Reference to Diagnosis and Treatment. For the Use 
of Students and General Practitioners. By W. A. Hardaway, M. D., Professor of Skin Diseases in the 
Missouri Medical College. In one 12mo. volume of 440 pages. Cloth, $3.00. 
Dr. Hardaway's large experience as a teacher and writer 
has admirably fitted him for the difficult task of preparing 
a book which, while sufficiently elementary for the student, 
is yet sufficiently thorough and comprehensive to serve as a 
book of reference for the general practitioner. It embraces 
all essential points connected with the diagnosis and treat- 
ment of diseases of the skin, and we have no hesitation in 
commending it as the best manual that has yet appeared in 
this department of medicine.-Journal of Cutaneous and 
Genito- Urinary Diseases. 
This little manual is divided into three parts, the first 
portion being devoted to a general introduction on Sympto- 
matology, Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment, which is 
brief, practically complete and clearly stated. The second 
part considers the clinical characters of the various skin 
affections in a most satisfactory manner, special stress 
being placed upon diagnosis and treatment. It concludes 
with an appendix of special formulae, selected by the 
author, and a diet table.-Buffalo Medical and Surgical Jour- 
nal, April 1, 1893. 
Jamieson on Diseases of the Skin.-Third Edition. 
Diseases of the Skin. A Manual for Students and Practitioners. By W. Allan Jamieson, 
M.D., Lecturer on Diseases of the Skin, School of Medicine, Edinburgh. Third edition, revised and 
enlarged. In one octavo volume of 656 pages, with woodcut and 9 double-page chromo-lithographic 
illustrations. Cloth, $6.00. 
The first edition of this work appeared in 1888, and the 
following year a second. The scope of the work is essen- 
tially clinical, little reference being made to pathology or 
disputed theories. Almost every subject is followed by 
illustrative cases taken from the author's practice, and the 
reader is constantly reminded that he has before him a 
record of personal experience. The pages are filled with 
interest to all those occupied with skin diseases. The 
general practitioner will find the book of great value in 
matters of diagnosis and treatment. The latter is quite up 
to date, and the formulae have been selected with care.- 
Medical Record, April 9, 1892. 
Diseases of the Skin. Cloth, $1.00. See Students' Quiz Series, page 30. 
FOX'S EPITOME OF SKIN DISEASES. WITH FORM- 
ULAE. Third edition, revised and enlarged. In one 12mo. 
volume of 238 pages. Cloth, $1.25. 
HILLIER'S HANDBOOK OF SKIN DISEASES; for 
Students and Practitioners. Second American edition. 
In one 12mo. volume of 353 pages, with plates. Cloth, 
$2.25. 
WILSON'S STUDENT'S BOOK OF CUTANEOUS MED- 
ICINE AND DISEASES OF THE SKIN. In one handsome 
small octavo volume of 535 pages. Cloth, $3.50. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 26 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 
THE AMERICAN SYSTEMS OF 
Gynecology and Obstetrics 
Gynecology edited by ' Obstetrics edited by 
IN TREATISES BY VARIOUS AUTHORS 
MATTHEW D. MANN, A.M., M.D., 
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the Medical 
Department of the University of Buffalo. 
and 
BARTON COOKE HIRST, M.D., 
Professor of Obstetrics in the University of 
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 
In four very handsome octavo volumes, containing 3612 pages, 1092 engravings and 8 plates. 
Complete work noiv ready. Per volume: Cloth, $5.00; leather, $6.00; half Russia, $7.00. For sale by 
subscription only. Address the Publishers. Full descriptive circular free on application. 
These volumes are the contributions of the most eminent 
gentlemen of this country in these departments of the pro- 
fession. Each contributor presents a monograph upon his 
special topic, so that everything in the way of history, 
theory, methods and results is presented to our fullest need. 
As a work of general reference, it will be found remarkably 
full and instructive in every direction of inquiry.-The 
Obstetric Gazette, September, 1889. 
One is at a loss to know what to say of this volume, for 
fear that just and merited praise may be mistaken for flat- 
tery. The papers of Drs. Engelmann, Martin, Hirst, Jag- 
gard and Reeve are incomparably beyond anything that 
can be found in obstetrical works.-Journal of the American 
Medical Association, September 8, 1888. 
In our notice of the "System of Practical Medicine by 
American Authors," we made the following statement: " It 
is a work of which the profession in this country can feel 
proud. Written exclusively by American physicians who 
are acquainted with all the varieties of climate in the 
United States, the character of the soil, the manners and 
customs of the people, etc., it is peculiarly adapted to the 
wants of American practitioners of medicine, and it seems 
to us that every one of them would desire to have it." 
Every word thus expressed in regard to the "American 
System of Practical Medicine" is applicable to the "Sys- 
tem of Gynecology by American Authors." It, like the 
other, has been written exclusively by American physicians 
who are acquainted with all the characteristics of American 
people, who are well informed in regard to the peculiarities 
of American women, their manners, customs, modes of liv- 
ing, etc. As every practising physician is called upon to 
treat diseases of iemales, ana as they constitute a class to 
which the family physician must give attention, and can- 
not pass over to a specialist, we do not know of a work in 
any department of medicine that we should so strongly 
recommend medical men generally to purchase,-Cincin- 
nati Medical News, July, 1887. 
Emmet's Gynaecology.-Third Edition. 
The Principles and Practice of Gynaecology; For the use of Students and Practitioners 
of Medicine. By Thomas Addis Emmet, M.D., LL.D., Surgeon to the Woman's Hospital, New York, 
etc. Third edition, thoroughly revised. In one large and very handsome octavo volume of 880 pages, 
with 150 illustrations. Cloth, $5.00; leather, $6.00. 
We are in doubt whether to congratulate the author more 
than the profession upon the appearance of the third edi- 
tion of this well-known work. Embodying, as it does, the 
life-long experience of one who has conspicuously distin- 
guished himself as a bold and successful operator, and who 
has devoted so much attention to the specialty, we feel 
sure the profession will not fail to appreciate the privilege 
thus offered them of perusing the views and practice of the 
author. His earnestness of purpose and conscientiousness 
are manifest. He gives not only his individual experience 
but endeavors to represent the actual state of gynaecological 
science and art.-British Medical Journal, May 16,1885. 
Gynecology. Cloth, $1.00. See Students' Quiz Series, page 30. 
Tait's Diseases of Women and Abdominal Surgery. 
Diseases of Women and Abdominal Surgery. By Lawson Tait, F.R.C.S., Professor of 
Gynecology in Queen's College, Birmingham, late President of the British Gynecological Society, Fellow 
of the American Gynecological Society. In two octavo volumes. Volume I., 554 pages, 62 engravings 
and 3 plates. Cloth, $3.00. Volume IL, preparing. 
Mr. Tait never writes anything that does not command 
attention by reason of the originality of his ideas and the 
clear and forcible manner in which they are expressed. 
This is eminently true of the present work. Germs of truth 
are thickly scattered throughout; single happily worded 
sentences express what another author would have ex- 
panded into pages. Useful hints on the technique of sur- 
gical operations, ingenious theories on pathology, daring 
innovations on long-established rules-these succeed one 
another with a bewildering rapidity. His position has long 
been assured; it is hardly possible for him to add to his 
great reputation as a daring and original surgeon. Few 
reformers have ever enjoyed the present reward of their 
labors in such full measure as he. We cannot repress our 
admiration for the restless genius of the great surgeon.- 
American Journal of the Medical Sciences, June, 1890. 
Edis on Diseases of Women. 
The Diseases of Women. Including their Pathology, Causation, Symptoms, Diagnosis and 
Treatment. A Manual for Studentsand Practitioners. By Arthur W. Edis, M.D., Lond., F.R.C.P., 
M.R.C.S., Assistant Obstetric Physician to Middlesex Hospital, late Physician to British Lying-in- 
Hospital. In one octavo volume of 576 pages, with 148 illustrations. Cloth, $3.00 ; leather, $4.00. 
The special qualities which are conspicuous are thorough- 
ness in covering the whole ground, clearness of description 
and conciseness of statement. Another marked feature of 
the book is the attention paid to the details of many minor 
surgical operations and procedures, as, for instance, the use 
of tents, application of leeches, and use of hot-water injec- 
tions. These are among the more common methods of 
treatment, and yet very little is said about them in many 
of the text-books. The book is one to be warmly recom- 
mended, especially to students and general practitioners, 
who need a concise but complete resume of the whole sub- 
ject. Specialists, too, will find many useful hints in its 
pages.-Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, March 2,1882. 
HODGE ON DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN Includ- 
ing Displacements of the Uterus. Second edition, revised 
and enlarged. In one beautifully printed octavo volume 
of 519 pages, with original illustrations. Cloth, $4.50. 
WEST'S LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF WOMEN. 
Third American from the third London edition. In one 
octavo volume of 543 pages. Cloth, $3.75; leather, $4.75. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia, DISEASES OF WOMEN-(Continued). 
27 
Thomas & Munde on Diseases of Women.-Sixth Edition. 
A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Women. By T. Gaillard Thomas, M.D., LL.D., 
Emeritus Professor of Diseases of Women in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, and 
Paul F. Munde, M.D., Professor of Gynecology in the New York Polyclinic. New (sixth) edition, 
thoroughly revised and rewritten by Dr. Munde. In one large and handsome octavo volume of 824 
pages, with 347 illustrations, of which 201 are new. Cloth, $5.00; leather, $6.00. 
The profession has sadly felt the want of a text-book on 
diseases of women, which should be comprehensive and at 
the same time not diffuse, systematically arranged so as to 
be easily grasped by the student of limited experience, and 
which should embrace the wonderful advances which have 
been made within the last two decades. Thomas' work 
fulfilled these conditions, and the announcement that a new 
edition was about to be issued, revised by so competent a 
writer as Dr. Munde, was hailed with delight. Dr. Munde 
brings to his work a most practical knowledge of the sub- 
jects of which he treats and an exceptional acquaintance 
with the world's literature of this important branch of 
medicine. The result is what is, perhaps, on the whole, the 
best practical treatise on the subject in the English lan- 
guage. The original work is preserved as a basis, but am- 
plified and enriched with the results of modern research. 
Much has been interspersed with the old material and sev- 
eral new chapters added. It is, as we have said, the best 
text-book we know, and will be of especial value to the 
general practitioner as well as to the specialist. The illus- 
trations are very satisfactory. Many of them are new and 
are particularly clear and attractive. The book will un- 
doubtedly meet with a favorable reception from the profes- 
sion.- Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, January 14,1892. 
This work, which has already gone through five large 
editions, and has been translated into French, German, 
Spanish and Italian, is too well known to require com- 
mendation now upon the appearance of this, the sixth edi- 
tion. It has been thoroughly revised and brought up to 
date by Dr. Munde, who is announced as joint author. 
Many new illustrations have been added, and the text has 
been increased by the addition of new chapters. The dis- 
tinctive features of the work, which made it so attractive 
when first issued, have in a measure been retained, so that 
it continues to be the most practical and at the same time 
the most complete treatise upon the subject in print, the 
changes that have been made only increasing its value.- 
The Archives of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Feb- 
ruary, 1891. 
Sutton on the Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes. 
Surgical Diseases of the Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes, including Tubal Pregnancy. 
By J. Bland Sutton, F.R.C.S., Assistant Surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital, London. In one crown 
octavo volume of 544 pages, with 119 engravings and 5 colored plates. Cloth, $3.00. 
This is not a book to be read and then shelved ; it is one 
to be studied. It is not based upon hypotheses but upon 
facts. It makes pathology practical, and inculcates a prac- 
tice based upon pathology. It is succinct, yet thorough ; 
practical, yet scientific; conservative, yet bold. It is prob- 
ably on the table of all gynecologists; but it is not for 
them alone; the general practitioner needs just such a 
book. It will be of immense service to him in the study of 
pelvic diseases, and will assuredly open his eyes to the pro- 
gress made by conscientious, painstaking workers like Dr. 
Sutton in the field of pathology and differential diagnosis. 
-International Medical Magazine, September, 1892. 
Mr. Sutton has written a book which deserves unstinted 
praise for the clearness with which it presents the subject 
and for the originality of the material. No specialist should 
fail to read it, and it is so written as to be of the greatest 
service to the general practitioner who wishes to post him- 
self upon the subject of which it treats.- New York Journal 
of Gynecology and Obstetrics, June, 1892. 
Davenport's Non=Surgical Gynecology.-Second Edition. 
Diseases of Women, a Manual of Non-Surgical Gynecology. Designed especially for the 
Use of Students and General Practitioners. By Francis H. Davenport, M.D., Assistant in Gynecology 
in the Medical Department of Harvard University, Boston. Second edition. In one handsome 12mo. 
volume of 314 pages, with 107 illustrations. Cloth, $1.75. 
The first edition of Dr. Davenport's book, which was pub- 
lished three years ago, evidently met with the reception it 
deserved, or the second edition would not have followed so 
soon. The title is an attractive one, and the contents are 
of value to the student and general practitioner. One ad- 
vantage of it is that it teaches the physician or the student 
how to do the little things, or to remedy the minor evils in 
connection with gynecology. In these days, when major 
gynecology is so largely practised, minor gynecology is too 
frequently ignored. To those in the profession who are 
about to interest themselves particularly in this branch of 
surgery, and to the student who in the future intends to 
make gynecology his life-work, we believe that Davenport's 
book will be essential to his success, because it will teach 
him facts which larger works sometimes ignore.-The Ther- 
apeutic Gazette, October 15, 1892. 
Many valuable volumes already exist on the surgical 
aspects of gynecology, but scant attenttion has been paid 
in recent years to the non-surgical treatment of women's 
diseases. The present volume, dealing with nothing which 
has not stood the actual test of experience, and being con- 
cisely and clearly written, conveys a great amount of infor- 
mation in a convenient space.-Annals of Gynaecology and 
Pxdiatry, June, 1893. 
May's Manual of Diseases of Women.-Second Edition. 
A Manual of the Diseases of Women. Being a Concise and Systematic exposition of the 
Theory and Practice of Gynecology. By Charles II. May, M. D., late House Surgeon to Mount Sinai 
Hospital, New York. Second edition, edited by L. S. Rau, M.D., Attending Gynecologist at the 
Harlem Hospital, New York. In one 12mo. volume of 360 pages, with 31 illustrations. Cloth, $1.75. 
The classification is so clear that the purpose of enabling 
the student to review the subject, or the practitioner rapidly 
to refresh his memory, is admirably fulfilled. Taking as 
authority some of the best systematic writers, and giving 
in the main an opinion which is a consensus, there is an 
absence of personal bias which is not the least valuable 
point in the work. The book meets its purpose. Whole 
chapters have been written in other works without express- 
ing more ideas than do pages in this.-American Journal of 
the Medical Sciences, August, 1890. 
Duncan on Diseases of Women. 
Clinical Lectures on the Diseases of Women; Delivered in St. Bartholomew's Hospital. 
By J. Matthews Duncan, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S.E., etc. In one octavo volume of 175 pages. Cloth, 
$1.50. 
ASHWELL'S PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DIS- 
EASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN. Third American from 
the third and revised London edition. In one octavo vol- 
ume of 520 pages. Cloth, $3.50. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 28 
OBSTETRICS. 
Parvin's Art and Science of Obstetrics.-Second Edition. 
The Science and Art of Obstetrics. By Theophilus Parvin, M.D., LL.D., Professor of 
Obstetrics and the Diseases of Women and Children in Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. Second 
edition. In one handsome octavo volume of 701 pages, with 239 engravings and a colored plate. 
Cloth, $4.25; leather, $5.25. 
Through his many able contributions to obstetric litera- 
ture ana by reason of his eminence and popularity as a 
teacher and practitioner, the author of this volume is well 
known to the profession of America and obstetricians every- 
where. Among his many great efforts this work is his 
master-piece. He has handled this subject, upon which so 
much has been written, with an attractiveness that is far 
from common. The science and art of obstetrics have 
been well and fully demonstrated. The more difficult 
and abstruse branches have been accorded deserved 
attention, while the minutiae, the very little points so im- 
portant to the practitioner at the bedside, yet so generally 
ignored by writers, have not been neglected. A number of 
new cuts have been inserted, and the treatment of every 
subject is in a manner so clear, so direct, so complete, that 
little is left to be told and nothing could be told better. 
The work is therefore, in our estimation, one of the most 
valuable and trustworthy to which the obstetrician can 
appeal.-Pacific Medical journal, November, 1890. 
The second edition of this work, following so soon after 
its first publication, demonstrates its real value and the 
favor bestowed upon it by the profession. We regard it as 
the most valuable text-book for the student of medicine yet 
published. The author has been a most successful teacher 
for a long period, and the discipline and training of the 
lecture room are observed in the clearness with which the 
often-obscure principles of the science and art of obstetrics 
are presented to the comprehension of the undergraduate. 
We think this feature is one of the strongest in the work 
and commends it especially to teachers. The present edi- 
tion is greatly improved and embodies all the advances 
made in this important department of medicine up to the 
time of its publication.-Buffalo Medical and Surgical Jour- 
nal, December, 1890. 
Playfair's Midwifery.-Seventh Edition. 
A Treatise on the Science and Practice of Midwifery. By W. S. Playfair, M.D., 
F.R.C.P., Professor of Obstetric Medicine in King's College, London. Fifth American from the 
seventh English edition. Edited, with additions, by Robert P. Harris, M. D. In one octavo volume 
of 664 pages, with 207 engravings and 5 plates. Cloth, $4.00 ; leather, $5.00. 
Truly a wonderful book ; an epitome of all obstetrical 
knowledge, full, clear and concise. In thirteen years it has 
reached seven editions. It is perhaps the most popular 
work of its kind ever presented to the profession. Begin- 
ning with the anatomy and physiology of the organs con- 
cerned, nothing is left unwritten that the practical ac- 
coucheur should know. It seems that every conceivable 
physiological or pathological condition, from the moment 
■of conception to the time of complete involution, has had 
the author's patient attention. The plates and illustrations, 
carefully studied, will teach the science of midwifery. The 
reader of this book will have before him the very latest and 
best of obstetric practice, and also of all the coincident 
troubles connected therewith.- Southern Practitioner, De- 
cember, 1889. 
This work holds a leading place in all medical college 
catalogues as a standard text-book.-Columbus Medical Jour- 
nal, November, 1889. 
King's Manual of Obstetrics.-Fifth Edition. 
A Manual of Obstetrics. By A. F. A. King, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases ol 
Women in the Medical Department of the Columbian University, Washington, D.C., and in the 
University of Vermont, etc. New (fifth) edition. In one 12mo. volume of 446 pages, with 150 illustra- 
tions. Cloth, $2.50. 
So comprehensive a treatise could not be brought within 
the limits of a book of this size were not two things espe- 
cially true. First, Dr. King is a teacher of many years' ex- 
perience, and knows just how to present his subjects in a 
manner for them to be best received; and, secondly, he can 
put his ideas in a clear and concise form. In other words, 
he knows how to use the English language. He gives us 
the plain truth, free from unnecessary ornamentation. 
Therefore he says there are nine hundred pages of matter 
between the covers of this manual of four hundred and 
fifty pages. We cannot imagine a better manual for the 
hard-worked student, while its clear and practical teach- 
ings make it invaluable to the busy practitioner. The illus- 
trations add much to the subject matter.- The National 
Medical Review, October, 1892. 
This deservedly popular manual has rapidly passed 
through five editions since its first appearance ten years 
ago. It is essentially a book for students' use, and is one 
of the very best of its kind. Its scope in topics is particu- 
larly wide, and, though each topic is necessarily treated in 
a brief manner, it forms an excellent index, so to say, to 
the complete study of obstetrics. The present edition bears 
marks of revision, several illustrations having been added 
and the text amplified.- The Chicago Medical Recorder, Oc- 
tober, 1892. 
Barnes' System of Obstetric Medicine and Surgery. 
A System of Obstetric Medicine and Surgery, Theoretical and Clinical. For the 
•Student and the Practitioner. By Robert Barnes, M.D., Physician to the General Lying-in Hospital, 
London, and Fancourt Barnes, M. D., Obstetric Physician to St. Thomas' Hospital, London. The 
Section on Embryology by Professor Milnes Marshall. In one octavo volume of 872 pages with 231 
illustrations. Cloth, $5.00; leather, $6.00. 
The immediate purpose of the work is to furnish a hand- 
book of obstetric medicine and surgery for the use of the 
•student and practitioner. It is not an exaggeration to say 
of the book that it is the best treatise in the English lan- 
guage yet published, and this will not be a surprise to those 
who are acquainted with the work of the elder Barnes. 
Every practitioner who desires to have the best obstetrical 
opinions of the time in a readily accessible and condensed 
form, ought to own a copy of the book.-Journal of the 
American Medical Association, June 12, 1886. 
The authors have made a text-book which is in every 
way quite worthy to take a place beside the best treatises 
of the period.-New York Medical Journal, July 2, 1887. 
Obstetrics. Cloth, $1.00. See Students' Quiz Series, page 30. 
Landis on Labor and the Lying=in Period. 
The Management of Labor, and of the Lying-in Period. By Henry G. Landis, A.M., 
M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and the Diseases of Women in Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio. 
In one handsome 12mo. volume of 334 pages, with 28 illustrations. Cloth, $1.75. 
WINCKEL'S COMPLETE TREATISE ON THE PATH- 
•OLOGY AND TREATMENT OF CHILDBED. For Stu- 
•dents and Practitioners. Translated from the second Ger- 
man edition, by J. R. Chadwick, M.D. In one octavo vol- 
ume of 484 pages. Cloth, $4.00. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. DISEASES OF CHILDREN, OBSTETRICS-(Continued), MANUALS. 
29 
Smith on Diseases of Children.-Seventh Edition. 
A Treatise on the Diseases of Infancy and Childhood. By J. Lewis Smith, M.D., 
Clinical Professor of Diseases of Children in the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
Seventh edition, thoroughly revised and rewritten. In one handsome octavo volume of 881 pages, with 
51 illustrations. Cloth, $4.50 ; leather, $5.50. 
We have always considered Dr. Smith's book as one of 
the very best on the subject. It has always been prac- 
tical-a field book, theoretical where theory has been de- 
duced from practical experience. He takes his theory 
from the bedside and the pathological laboratory. The 
very practical character of this book has always appealed 
to us. It is characteristic of Dr. Smith in all his writings to 
collect whatever recommendations are found in medical 
literature, and his search has been wide. One seldom fails 
to find here a practical suggestion after search in other 
works has been in vain. In the seventh edition we note a 
variety of changes in accordance with the progress of the 
times. It still stands foremost as the American text-book. 
Its advice is always conservative and thorough, and the 
evidence of research has long since placed its author in the 
front rank of medical teachers.- The American Journal of 
the Medical Sciences, December, 1891. 
In the present edition we notice that many of the chap- 
ters have been entirely re-written. Full notice is taken of 
all the recent advances that have been made. Many dis- 
eases not previously treated of have received special chap- 
ters. The work is a very practical one. Especial care has 
been taken that the directions for treatment shall be par- 
ticular and full. In no other work are such careful instruc- 
tions given in the details of infant hygiene and the artificial 
feeding of infants.-Montreal Medical Journal, February, 
1891. 
Already in previous editions the treatise of Dr. Smith on 
Diseases of Children held position undisputed at the head 
of its class. No book in any language could dispute with 
it the title to preeminence. A list of works on diseases of 
children, made up in any country, would have this work at 
its head, and for the purposes of the great majority of prac- 
titioners the list would be complete with this one alone.- 
The American Practitioner and News, May 9, 1891. 
As a text-book for students and a guide for young practi- 
tioners it is unsurpassed.-Buffalo Medical and Surgical 
Journal, January, 1891. 
Diseases of Children. Cloth, $1.00. See Studentd Quiz Series, page 30. 
Herman's First Lines in Midwifery. 
First Lines in Midwifery: a Guide to Attendance on Natural Labor for Medical 
Students and Midwives. By G. Ernest Herman, M.B., F.R.C.P., Obstetric Physician to the 
London Hospital. In one 12mo. volume of 198 pages, with 80 illustrations. Cloth, $1.25. See Students' 
Series of Manuals, page 30. 
This little book is intended for the use of midwives and 
for the guidance of medical students in the care of normal 
cases. The author is the well-known lecturer on obstetrics 
to the London Hospital, and he has produced a manual 
which will prove extremely useful to those for whom it has 
been prepared. The book is replete with practical advice, 
and no student can go wrong who follows its teachings. 
Much stress has been laid on the now generally approved 
aseptic management of labor; and it is clearly pointed out 
in what complications the student should send for assist- 
ance. The book is well made and fully illustrated.-The 
Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, February 9,1893. 
Owen on Surgical Diseases of Children. 
Surgical Diseases of Children. By Edmund Owen, M.B., F.R.C.S., Surgeon to the Children's 
Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London. In one 12mo. volume of 525 pages, with 4 chromo-lithographic 
plates and 85 woodcuts. Cloth, $2.00. See Series of Clinical Manuals, page 30. 
It would not be easy on any subject to find a more clearly 
written work, where every word and sentence tells, and 
from which it seems few could be spared. The work is 
truly a conspectus of the branch of which it treats, and 
covers the field in a way that is done by no other, present- 
ing the gist of what is known of every surgical affection to 
which childhood and infancy are liable.-The American 
Practitioner and News, November 13,1886. 
Hartshorne's Conspectus of the Medical Sciences. 
A Conspectus of the Medical Sciences; Containing Handbooks on Anatomy, Physiology, 
Chemistry, Materia Medica, Practice of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics. By Henry Hartshorne, 
A.M., M.D., LL.D., lately Professor of Hygiene in the University of Pennsylvania. Second edition, 
thoroughly revised and greatly improved. In one large royal 12mo. volume of 1028 pages, with 477 
illustrations. Cloth, $4.2-5 ; leather, $5.00. 
Ludlow's Manual of Examinations. 
A Manual of Examinations upon Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, Practice of Medicine, 
Obstetrics, Materia Medica, Chemistry, Pharmacy and Therapeutics. To which is added a Medical 
Formulary. By J. L. Ludlow, M.D., Consulting Physician to the Philadelphia Hospital, etc. Third 
edition, thoroughly revised, and greatly enlarged. In one 12mo. volume of 816 pages, with 370 illus- 
trations. Cloth, $3.25; leather, $3.75. e 
CONDIE'S PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES 
OF CHILDREN. Sixth edition, revised and augmented. 
In one octavo volume of 779 pages. Cloth, $5.25 ; leather, 
$6.25. 
LEISHMAN'S SYSTEM OF MIDWIFERY, INCLUDING 
THE DISEASES OF PREGNANCY AND THE PUERPE- 
RAL STATE. Fourth edition. Octavo. 
WEST ON SOME DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS SYS- 
TEM IN CHILDHOOD. In one small 12mo. volume of 127 
pages. Cloth, $1.00. 
PARRY ON EXTRA-UTERINE PREGNANCY : Its Clin- 
ical History, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment. Octavo, 
272 pages. Cloth, $2.50. 
RAMSBOTHAM'S PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF 
OBSETRIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY. In Reference to 
the Process of Parturition. A new and enlarged edition, 
thoroughly revised by the author. With additions by W. V. 
Keating, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics, etc., in the Jefferson 
Medical College of Philadelphia. In one large and hand- 
some imperial octavo volume of 640 pages, with 64 full-page 
plates and 43 woodcuts in the text, containing in all nearly 
200 beautiful figures. Strongly bound in leather, with 
raised bands, 87. 
CHURCHILL ON THE PUERPERAL FEVER AND 
OTHER DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN. In one oc- 
tavo volume of 464 pages. Cloth, 82.50. 
TANNER ON PREGNANCY. Octavo, 490 pages, colored 
plates, 16 cuts. Cloth, $4.25. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 30 
QUIZ SERIES, MANUALS. 
The Students' Quiz Series. 
ANEW Series of Manuals, comprising all departments of medical science and practice, and pre- 
pared to meet the needs of students and practitioners. Written by prominent medical teachers and 
specialists in New York, these volumes may be trusted as authoritative and abreast of the day. They 
enjoy the unique advantage of issue under careful editorial supervision which gives assurance, not only 
of accuracy, but of the completeness of the Series as a whole, and of the compactness of each volume by 
the avoidance of duplication. Cast in the form of suggestive questions, and concise and clear answers, 
the text will impress vividly upon the reader's memory the salient points of his subject, and the prominent 
and uniform headings will facilitate instant reference to any topic. To the student these volumes will be 
of the utmost service in preparing for examinations, and they will also be of great use to the practitioner 
in recalling forgotten details, and in gaini ng the latest knowledge, whether in theory or in the actual 
treatment of disease. Nothing has been left undone to make them in type and illustration most attractive 
and convenient for the eye and mind. Handsomely bound in limp cloth, and in size suitable for the 
hand and pocket, these volumes are assured of enormous popularity, and are accordingly placed at an 
exceedingly low price in comparison with their value. For details of subjects and prices see below. 
ANATOMY (Double Number')-By Fred J. Brockway, M.D., Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, College of Phy- 
sicians and Surgeons, New York, and A. O'Malley, M.D., Instructor in Surgery, New York Polyclinic. $1.75. 
PHYSIOLOGY-By F. A. Manning, M.D., Attending Surgeon, Manhattan Hospital, N. Y. $1. 
CHEMISTRY AND PH YSICS-By Joseph Struthers, Ph. B., Columbia College School of Mines, N.Y., and 
D. W. Ward, Ph. B., Columbia College School of Mines, N. Y., and Charles H. Willmarth, M.S., N. Y. $1. 
HISTOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY-By Bennett S. Beach, M.D., Lecturer on 
Histology, Pathology and Bacteriology, New York Polyclinic. $1. 
MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS-By L. F. Warner, M.D., Attending Physician, St. Barthol- 
omew's Dispensary, N.Y. $1. 
PRACTICE OF MEDICINE, INCLUDING NERVOUS DISEASES-By Edwin T. Doubleday, 
M.D., Member N. Y. Pathological Society, and J. D. Nagel, M.D., Member N. Y. County Medical Association. $1. 
SURGERY (Double Number)-By Bern B. Gallaudet, M.D., Visiting Surgeon, Bellevue Hospital, New York, and 
Charles Dixon Jones, M.D., Surgeon Yorkville Dispensary, New York. $1.75. 
GENITO-URINARY AND VENEREAL DISEASES- By Charles H. Chetwood, M.D., Visiting Sur- 
geon, Demilt Dispensary, Department of Surgery and Genito-Urinary Diseases, New York. $1. 
DISEASES OF THE SKIN-By Charles C. Ransom, M.D., Assistant Dermatologist, Vanderbilt Clinic, 
New York. $1. 
DISEASES OF THE EYE, EAR, THROAT AND NOSE-By Frank E. Miller, M.D., Throat Sur- 
geon, Vanderbilt Clinic, New York, ana James P. McEvoy, M.D., Throat Surgeon, Bellevue Hospital, Out-Patient 
Department, New York, and J. E. Weeks, M.D., Lecturer on Ophthalmology ana Otology, Bellevue Hospital Medical 
College. New York. $1. 
OBSTETRICS-By Charles W. Hayt, M.D., House Physician, Nursery and Child's Hospital, New York. $1. 
GYNECOLOGY-By G. W. Bratenahl, M.D., Assistant in Gynecology, Vanderbilt Clinic, New York, and 
Sinclair Tousey, M.D., Assistant Surgeon, Out-Patient Department, Roosevelt Hospital, New York. $1. 
DISEASES OF CHILDREN-By C. A. Rhodes, M.D., Instructor in Diseases of Children, New York Post- 
Graduate Medical College. $1. 
The Student's Quiz Series enables a man in practice to 
give himself an occasional quiz and see how much he 
has forgotten. It is intended, however, more particularly 
for the use of the student, not only to show how much he 
has yet to learn, but to make its accomplishment easier; to 
enable him to give his whole attention to lectures on these 
subjects without note-taking, and to go over in a condensed 
form, before an examination or quiz, the essential facts per- 
taining to the special branch.-Medical Record, June 3,1893. 
This series of Quiz-Compends is undoubtedly the best that 
is published. They will repay the practitioner as well as 
the student for the time spent in a careful study of them, 
while to the lecturer or author they will very materially 
For special circulars, with full information and specimen pages, address the Publishers. 
lessen his labors by presenting to him his subject in a brief 
and classified manner.-Cincinnati Med. Jour., May 15, 1893. 
Those who desire to review the salient points of medicine 
can do so by means of these books in the shortest possible 
time. The form of question and answer crystallizes the 
information they contain.-Brooklyn Med. Jour, April, 1893. 
Such books serve a useful purpose, not only to the student 
preparing for examination but to the practitioner, in recall- 
ing the more salient characteristics of the affections under 
consideration.-Journal of Cutaneous and Genito- Urinary 
Diseases, February, 1893. 
We know of no series that we would recommend more 
highly.-Memphis Medical Monthly, Feb. 1893. 
Student's Series of Manuals. 
A Series of Fifteen Manuals, for the use of Students and Practitioners of Medicine and Surgery, written by eminent 
Teachers or Examiners, and issued in pocket-size 12mo volumes of 300-540 pages, richly illustrated and at a low price. 
The following volumes are now ready: Luff's Manual of Chemistry, $2.; Herman's First Lines in Midwifery, $1.25; 
Treves' Manual of Surgery, by various writers, in three volumes, per set, $6; Bell's Comparative Anatomy and Physi- 
ology, $2; Gould's Surgical Diagnosis, $2; Robertson's Physiological Physics, $2; Bruce's Malena Medica and Thera- 
peutics (fifth edition), $1.50; Power's Human Physiology (second edition), $1.50; Clarke and Lockwood's Dissector's 
Manual, $1.50; Ralfe's Clinical Chemistry, $1.50; Treves' Surgical Applied Anatomy, $2 ; Pepper's Surgical Pathology, 
$2; and Klein's Elements of Histology (fourth edition), $1.75. The following is in press : Pepper's Forensic Medicine. 
For separate notices see index on last page. 
Series of Clinical Manuals. 
In arranging for this Series it has been the design of the publishers to provide the profession with a collection of 
authoritative monographs on important clinical subjects in a cheap and portable form. The volumes contain about 550 
pages and are freely illustrated by chromo-lithographs and woodcuts. The following volumes are now ready : Yeo on 
Food in Health and Disease, $2; Broadbent on the Pulse, $1.75; Carter & Frost's Ophthalmic Surgery, $2.25 ; Hutchin- 
son on Syphilis, $2.25; Marsh on the Joints, $2; Owen on Surgical Diseases of Children, $2 ; Morris on Surgical Diseases 
of the Kidney, $2.25; Pick on Fractures and Dislocations, $2; Butlin on the Tongue, $3.50 ; Treves on Intestinal Obstruc- 
tion, $2 ; and Savage on Insanity and Allied Neuroses, $2. The following is in preparation : Lucas on Diseases of the 
Urethra. For separate notices see index on last page. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, HISTORICAL. 
31 
Taylor's Medical Jurisprudence.-New Edition. Just Ready. 
A Manual of Medical Jurisprudence. By Alfred S. Taylor, M.D., Lecturer on Medical 
Jurisprudence and Chemistry in Guy's Hospital, London. New American from the twelfth English 
edition. Thoroughly revised by Clark Bell, Esq., of the New York Bar. In one octavo volume of 
787 pages, with 56 illustrations. Cloth, $4.50; leather, $5.50. 
This is a complete revision of all former American and 
English editions of this standard book. This edition con- 
tains a large amount of entirely new matter, many portions 
of the book having been rewritten by the editor. Many 
cases and authorities have been cited, and the citations 
brought down to the latest date. The book has so long 
been a standard treatise on the subject of medical jurispru- 
dence, and has gone through so many editions-twelve 
English and eleven American-that there is little left to 
criticise, unless it is to note the admirable manner in which 
Mr. Clark Bell, in editing this edition, has enlarged and 
improved what already seemed complete, by bringing his 
many citations of cases down to date to meet the present 
law; and by adding much new matter he has furnished the 
medical profession and the bar with a valuable book of ref- 
erence, one to be relied upon in daily practice, and quite 
up to the present needs, owing to its exhaustive character. 
It would seem that the book is indispensable to the library 
of both physician and lawyer, and particularly the legal 
practitioner whose duties take him into the criminal courts. 
Too much praise cannot be given to the editor for his thor- 
ough and painstaking labors, by which he has given to two 
professions a reference-book to be relied upon.-The Amer- 
ican Journal of the Medical Sciences, April, i893. 
No library is complete without Taylor's Medical Jwispru- 
dence, as its authority is accepted and unquestioned by the 
courts.-Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal, June, 1893. 
There is no other work upon the subject which has been 
so uniformly recognized or so widely quoted and followed 
by courts in England and this country. It would have been 
impossible to select anyone in this country better fitted for 
the task of revision than Mr. Bell. Profiting by the labors 
with which Dr. Stevenson has enriched the twelfth English 
edition, he has, in this eleventh American edition, given 
us a book fully abreast with the most recent thought and 
knowledge. On the basis of his own researches, of the 
investigations of scientists throughout the world, and of the 
decisions of our own courts, he has incorporated in it a 
wealth of practical suggestion and instructive illustration 
which cannot fail to strengthen the hold it has so long had 
upon the profession.- The Criminal Law Magazine and Re- 
porter, January, 1893. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
Poisons in Relation to Medical Jurisprudence and Medicine. Third American, from the 
third and revised English edition. In one large octavo volume of 788 pages. Cloth, $5.50 ; leather, $6.50. 
Lea's Superstition and Force.-New Edition. Just Ready. 
Superstition and Force: Essays on the Wager of Law, The Wager of Battle, The 
Ordeal and Torture. By Henry Charles Lea, LL.D. New (fourth) edition, revised and enlarged. 
Royal 12mo., 629 pages. Cloth, $2.75. 
Both abroad and at home the work has been accepted as 
a standard authority, and the author has endeavored, by a 
complete revision and considerable additions, to render it 
more worthy of the universal favor which has carried it to 
a fourth edition. The style is severe and simple, and yet 
delights with its elegance and reserved strength. The 
known erudition and fidelity of the author are guarantees 
that all possible original sources of information nave been 
not only consulted but exhausted. The subject matter is 
handled in such an able and philosophic manner that to 
read and study it is a step toward liberal education. It is a 
comfort to read a book that is so thorough, well conceived 
and well done. We should like to see it made a text-book 
in our law schools and prescribed course for admission to 
the bar.-Legal Intelligencer, March 3,1893. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
Chapters from the Religious History of Spain. In one 12mo. volume of 522 pages. 
Cloth, $2.50. 
The width, depth and thoroughness of research which 
have earned Dr. Lea a high European place as the ablest 
historian the Inquisition has yet found are here applied to 
some side-issues of that great subject. We have only to say 
of this volume that it worthily complements the author's 
earlier studies in ecclesiastical history. His extensive and 
minute learning, much of it from inedited manuscripts in 
Mexico, appears on every page.-London Antiquary, Jan- 
uary, 1891. 
The Formulary of the Papal Penitentiary. In one octavo volume of 221 pages, with a 
frontispiece. Cloth, $2.50. Just ready. 
The text is edited with the care and learning which we 
should have expected of the historian of the " Inquisition 
of the Middle Ages," and is illustrated with valuable 
notes and an introduction of remarkable interest. If his 
judgment of the whole system is a hard one it is to be 
remembered that he is here in accord with a succession of 
the greatest religious teachers of the medieval church.- 
English Historical Review, July, 1893. 
Studies in Church History. The Rise of the Temporal Power-Benefit of Clergy- 
Excommunication-The Early Church and Slavery. Second and revised edition. In one royal 
octavo volume of 605 pages. Cloth, $2.50. 
The author is preeminently a scholar; he takes up every 
topic allied with the leading theme and traces it out to the 
minutest detail with a wealth of knowledge and imparti- 
ality of treatment that compel admiration. The amount 
of information compressed into the book is extraordinary, 
and the profuse citation of authorities and references makes 
the work particularly valuable to the student who desires 
an exhaustive review from original sources. In no other 
single volume is the development of the primitive church 
traced with so much clearness and with so definite a per- 
ception of complex or conflicting forces.-Boston Traveller. 
An Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church. Second edition, 
enlarged. In one octavo volume of 685 pages. Cloth, $4.50. 
This subject has recently been treated with very great 
learning and with admirable impartiality by an American 
author, Mr. Henry C. Lea, in his History of Sacerdotal Cel- 
ibacy, which is certainly one of the most valuable works 
that America has produced. Since the great history of 
Dean Milman, I know no work in English which has thrown 
more light on the moral condition of the Middle Ages, and 
none which is more fitted to dispel the gross illusions con- 
cerning that period which positive writers and writers of a 
certain ecclesiastical school have conspired to sustain.- 
Lecky's History of European Morals, Chapter V. 
Lea Brothers & Co., Publishers, 706, 708 & 710 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. INDEX TO CATALOGUE OF MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS 
OF 
LEA BROTHERS & CO., PHILADELPHIA. 
Abbott's Bacteriology 17 
Alien's Anatomy 6 
American Journal of the Medical 
Sciences 2 
American Systems of Gynecology 
and Obstetrics 26 
American System of Practical Med- 
icine 14 
American System of Dentistry . . 23 
Ashhurst's Surgery 18 
Ash well on Diseases of Women . . 27 
Attfield's Chemistry 9 
Barlow's Practice of Medicine . . 15 
Barnes' System of Obstetric Med- 
icine and Surgery 28 
Bartholow on Cholera 15 
Bartholow on Electricity .... 15 
Basham on Renal Diseases .... 23 
Bell's Comparative Anatomy and 
Physiology . 7,30 
Bellamy's Surgical Anatomy ... 6 
Berry on the Eye 21 
Billings' National Medical Dictionary 3 
Blandford on Insanity 16 
Bloxam's Chemistry 9 
Bristowe's Practice of Medicine . . 13 
Broadbent on the Pulse ... 14, 30 
Browne on Koch's Remedy .... 22 
Browne on the Throat, Nose and Ear 22 
Bruce's Materia Medica and Thera- 
peutics 11, 30 
Brunton's Materia Medica and Thera- 
peutics 12 
Bryant's Practice of Surgery ... 19 
Bumstead and Taylor on Venereal. 
See Taylor 24 
Burnett on the Ear 22 
Butlin on the Tongue .... 18, 30 
Carpenter on the Use and Abuse of 
Alcohol 7 
Carpenter's Human Physiology . . 7 
Carter & Frost's Ophthalmic Sur- 
gery 21, 30 
Chambers on Diet and Regimen . . 15 
Chapman's Human Physiology . . 8 
Charles' Physiological and Patho- 
logical Chemistry 10 
Churchill on Puerperal Fever . . 29 
Clarke & Lockwood's Dissectors' 
Manual 6, 30 
Classen's Quantitative Analysis . . 8 
Cleland's Dissector ....... 6 
Clouston on Insanity 16 
Clowes' Practical Chemistry ... 8 
Coats' Pathology 17 
Coleman's Dental Surgery .... 23 
Condie on Diseases of Children . . 29 
Cornil on Syphilis 24 
Culver & Hayden on Venereal Dis- 
eases . .' 24 
Dalton on the Circulation .... 7 
Dalton's Human Physiology ... 8 
Davenport on Diseases of Women . 27 
Davis' Clinical Lectures 15 
Draper's Medical Physics .... 7 
Druitt's Modem Surgery 18 
Duane's Medical Dictionary ... 3 
Duncan on Diseases of Women . . 27 
Dunglison's Medical Dictionary . . 4 
Edes' Materia Medica and Thera- 
peutics 11 
Edis on Diseases of Women ... 26 
Ellis' Demonstrations of Anatomy . 7 
Emmet's Gynecology ...... 26 
Erichsen's System of Surgery ... 19 
Farquharson's Therapeutics and 
Materia Medica 12 
Field's Diseases of the Ear .... 22 
Flint on Auscultation and Percus- 
sion 14 
Flint on Phthisis 13 
Flint on the Respiratory Organs . . 15 
Flint on the Heart 13 
Flint's Essays 13 
Flint's Practice of Medicine ... 13 
Foster's Physiology 8 
Fothergill's Handbook of Treatment 13 
Fownes' Elementary Chemistry . . 9 
Fox on Diseases of the Skin ... 25 
Frankland and Japp's Inorganic 
Chemistry 8 
Fuller on Lungs and Air-Passages . 14 
Gant's Student's Surgery .... 18 
Gibbes' Practical Pathology ... 17 
Gould's Surgical Diagnosis . . 18, 30 
Gray on Nervous and Mental Dis- 
eases 16 
Gray's Anatomy 5 
Greene's Medical Chemistry ... 9 
Greene's Pathology and Morbid Anat- 
omy 17 
Gross on Foreign Bodies in Air- 
Passages 18 
Gross on Impotence and Sterility . 24 
Gross on Urinary Organs .... 23 
Gross'System of Surgery . . . .18 
Habershon on the Abdomen ... 14 
Hamilton on Fractures and Disloca- 
tions 20 
Hamilton on Nervous Diseases . . 16 
Hardaway on the Skin 25 
Hare's Practical Therapeutics . . 12 
Hare's System of Practical Thera- 
peutics 12 
Hartshorne's Anatomy 6 
Hartshorne's Conspectus of the Med- 
ical Sciences • • , 29 
Hartshorne's Essentials of Medicine 13 
Herman's First Lines in Midwifery 29 
Hermann's Experimental Pharma- 
cology 11 
Hill on Syphilis 24 
Hillier's Handbook of Skin Diseases 25 
Hirst & Piersol on Human Mon- 
strosities 6 
Hoblyn's Medical Dictionary ... 3 
Hodge on Diseases of Women ... 26 
Hoffmann and Power's Chemical 
Analysis 10 
Holden's Landmarks 6 
Holland's Medical Notes and Reflec- 
tions 13 
Holmes' Principles and Practice of 
Surgery 20 
Holmes' System of Surgery .... 19 
Horner's Anatomy 6 
Hudson on Fever 15 
Hutchinson on Syphilis ... 24, 30 
Hyde on Diseases of the Skin ... 25 
Jackson on the Skin 25 
Jamieson on the Skin 25 
Jones on Nervous Disorders ... 16 
Juler's Ophthalmic Science and 
Practice 21 
King's Manual of Obstetrics ... 28 
Klein's Histology 17,30 
Landis on Labor 28 
La Roche on Pneumonia & Malaria, 14 
La Roche on Yellow Fever .... 15 
Laurence and Moon's Ophthalmic 
Surgery 21 
Lawson on the Eye, Orbit and Eyelid 21 
Lea's Chapters from the Religious 
History of Spain 31 
Lea's Formulary of the Papal Peni- 
tentiary 31 
Lea's Sacerdotal Celibacy .... 31 
Lea's Studies in Church History . . 31 
Lea's Superstition and Force ... 31 
Lee on Syphilis 24 
Lehmann's Chemical Physiology . 7 
Leishmann's Midwifery . . . . .29 
Ludlow's Manual of Examinations . 29 
Luff's Manual of Chemistry . .9,30 
Lyman's Practice of Medicine . . 14 
Lyons on Fever 15 
Maisch's Organic Materia Medica . 11 
Marsh on the Joints .... 20, 30 
May on Diseases of Women ... 27 
Medical News 1 
Medical News Physicians' Ledger . 2 
Medical News Visiting List.... 2 
Miller's Practice of Surgery ... 18 
Miller's Principles of Surgery . . .18 
Morris on Diseases of the Kidney 23, 30 
Musser's Medical Diagnosis . '. .14 
National Dispensatory 11 
National Medical Dictionary ... 3 
Nettleship on Diseases of the Eye . 21 
Norris and Oliver on the Eye . . .21 
Owen on Diseases of Children. 29, 30 
Parrish's Practical Pharmacy . . .10 
Parry on Extra-Uterine Pregnancy . 29 
Parvin's Midwifery 28 
Pavy on Digestion'and its Disorders 15 
Payne's General Pathology .... 17 
Pepper's Forensic Medicine ... 30 
Pepper's Surgical Pathology . 18, 30 
Pepper's System of Medicine ... 14 
Pick on Fractures and Disloca- 
tions 20,30 I 
Physician's Visiting List 2 
Pirrie's System of Surgery .... 18 
Playfair on Nerve Prostration and 
Hysteria 18 
Playfair's Midwifery 28 
Politzer's Diseases o'f the Ear ... 22 
Power's Human Physiology . . 7, 30 ! 
Purdy on Bright's Disease .... 23 
Pye-Smith on the Skin 25 
Quiz Series 30 
Ralfe's Clinical Chemistry . . 10, 30 
Ramsbotham on Parturition . . .29 
Remsen's Theoretical Chemistry . . 10 
Reynolds' System of Medicine . . 13 
Richardson's Preventive Medicine . 15 
Roberts on Urinary Diseases ... 23 
Roberts' Compend of Anatomy . . 7 
Roberts' Surgery 18 
Robertson's Physiological Physics 7, 30 
Ross on Nervous Diseases .... 16 
Savage on Insanity and Hysteria 16, 30 
Schafer's Essentials of Histology . 18 
Schofield's Physiology 8 
Schreiber on Massage 15 
Seiler on the Throat, Nose and Naso- 
pharynx 22 
Senn's Surgical Bacteriology . . .17 
Series of Clinical Manuals . . . .30 
Simon's Manual of Chemistry . . 9 
Slade on Diphtheria 14 
Smith (Edward) on Consumption . 14 
Smith (J. Lewis) on Children ... 29 
Smith's Operative Surgery .... 20 
Stille on Cholera 15 
Stille & Maisch's National Dispensa- 
tory 11 
Stille's Therapeutics and Materia 
Medica .11 
Stimson on Fractures and Disloca- 
tions 20 ] 
Stimson's Operative Surgery ... 20 
Students' Quiz Series 30 
Students' Series of Manuals ... 30 
Sturges' Clinical Medicine . . . .13 
Sutton on the Ovaries and Fallopian 
Tubes 27 
Tait's Diseases of Women and Ab- 
dominal Surgery 26 
Tanner on Pregnancy 29 
Tanner's Clinical Medicine ... 15 
Taylor's Atlas of Venereal and Skin 
Diseases 24 
Taylor on Poisons 31 
Taylor on Venereal Diseases ... 24 
Taylor's Medical Jurisprudence . . 31 
Thomas & Munde on Women ... 27 
Thompson on Stricture 23 
Thompson on Urinary Organs . . 23 
Todd on Acute Diseases 15 
Treves' Manual of Surgery . . 19, 30 
Treves on Intestinal Obstruction 19, 30 
Treves' Operative Surgery .... 19 
Treves' Students' Handbook of Sur- 
gical Operations 19 
Treves' Surgical Applied Anatomy 6, 30 I 
Tuke on the Influence of the Mind 
on the Body .16 | 
Vaughan & Novy's Ptomaines and 
Leucomaines 10 
Visiting List 2 , 
Walshe on the Heart 13 
Watson's Practice of Physic ... 13 
Wells on the Eye . 21 ' 
West on Diseases of Women ... 26 
West on Nervous Disorders in Child- 
hood 29 
Wharton's Minor Surgery and Band- 
aging ' 19 
Whitla's Dictionary of Treatment . 15 
Williams on Consumption .... 14 
Wilson on Cutaneous Medicine . . 25 
Wilson's Human Anatomy .... 6 I 
Winckel on the Pathology and Treat- 
ment of Childbed 28 | 
Wohler's Organic Chemistry ... 7 
Year-Books of Treatment for '86, '87 
'91, '92, '93 13 
Yeo on Food in Health and Dis- 
ease 15,30 
Yeo's Medical Treatment .... 15 
Young's Orthopaedic Surgery ... 18